“Omnes res create sunt divins sapientize et potentia testes, divitiz felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu bonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex ceconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominsibus sibi relictis semper estimata ;

a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.’—Linnaxus.

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”’—Bruckngr, Zhéorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

oe ew ew ee ee ~ Lhe sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss-or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taynor, Norwich, 1818.

ALBRE @ FLAMMAM.

ans

CONTENTS OF VOL, If.

[NINTH SERIES, ]

NUMBER 1.

I. On new African Curculiontde.—I. By Guy A. K. MARsHALL,

Sey | (lates. vice sera tials wey dan? wustttelete es snd@ las, oles ee goede

II. Bermudian Species of Donatiu (Teihya). By Buancun BEN-

TAMER ORO ALM fps cig ocleha ea aueheye ents [tie at ose aoe oltete ear e.e2 diigo) Ssh eye nts

IIT. New Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. By L. B, Prout,

PEGPRES sven pea cole at ty ger se te slip ars cl chal Sul oes noth es Repack a aha

IV. On the Striped Squirrels hitherto referred to the Genus Para-

werus, By OLDFIELD THOMAS veces e cece recente eee eee nces

V. Two new Tuco-tucos from Argentina, By OLDFIELD THoMas.

VI. Protoéchinus, Austin. By F, A. Barurr, Disc. FBS.

(Plate DL) jo. awe cdc dees oe teh gt eae sk tec c ey tree

VII. Notes on the Braconide in the British Museum.—II. On

the Australian Species of Cardiochiline and Doryctine. By Row-

Pind He CURNGE, BZ: 56 FBS... cate squirt ey yee et

VIII. Further Notes on the Asilide of Australia. By Guer-

RUD RM RLOAIRD Oy clues slviie ee te + © ve» sins TOE Soy one iar ol Ways meen

Page

1V CONTENTS.

Page

IX. Note on the Lower Jaw of Stereognathus ooliticus, Charles-

worth. By Dr. Branistav Perronievics. (Plate IIT.)........ 67

X. Variation in the Prothoracic Spines of Dactylispa xanthopus,

Gestro. By 'S. Mavri, BA. (Cantob.), FAS oe pee ee. es 70

XI. Note on Epistictia reicheana, Guérin. By 8S. A, Mau ix,

Boa: (Camtab:), PTS. a0). chevyc css «is « og hs ee eine 74

XII. New Species and Races of Ithomiine in the Joicey Collec-

dion. “By WW... Have, BLES. (hiss) 0% <4): Sue ek eee ne eiete ele far

XIII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — XXXII. On new’

Species in the British Museum. By Rowianp E, Turner, F.Z.5.,

EES, 5. ee pian abhi se rites © bfcs hide eee ce tas tke hee ee een 86

XIV. On Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum from Deep-sea

Telegrapb-Cables.. By W."T. Catman, D.Sc. ....-¢...asens eee 96

XV. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamily Py-

rausting. By Sir Grorer F’, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &c. ...... 125

NUMBER 2,

XVI, Descriptions of Thirty-four Species of Marine Mollusca

from the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and Arabian Sea, collected by

Mr. F. W. Townsend. By James Cosmo MeEtviuu, M.A., D.Sc.

(Plates TV.& V.) oc caics sites wise pie ee eee se eee 137

XVII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXXIX, By T. D.A.

COCKERELL, University of Coloradoes.cer--t sce -cir ee ences 158

XVII. The Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. By G, C.

ORAMPION, L59, t.icicsaiers aie os ay] PERE Ree Ren nen eee 167

XIX. On small Mammals from Salta and Jujuy collected by

Mr, E, Budin. By O_pFirLp THomas....... Beit ina sot leleinaa ere 186

XX. The Generic Division of the Hedgehogs. By Otprretp

RELOMUAG po teil Solute lots st os, + 1s 004 Sloe REMMI a hia see cena 193

XXI. The Homoptera of Indo-China, By W. L. Distant .... 196

CONTENTS, v

NUMBER 3,

Page

XXII. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—IX. By

RICHARD! S. BAGNALL, FLEAS esas eheees odecacs ded me adore a siere 201

XXIII. Notes on the Braconide in the British Museum.—III. On

new Australian Agathine. By Rowianp E. Turner, F.Z.S.,

XXIV. Four new Species of Hedgehog. By OLpFiELD THomas. 280

XXV. A new River-crab from the Transvaal. By W. T.

MAT AEAN, DSC), iil tht ee RO st ook ties daie & Mea o0) 3 nod Loe

XXVI. On the Papuan, Melanesian, and North Australian Species

of the Genus Rana, By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. ............ 236

XXVIT. Some Notes on the small Sand-Foxes of North Africa.

BE VAOE DML OMAGG tie sha vie a Su Des Mmauatdatag hae aoass « 242

XXVIII. Platymycterus, a new Genus of Asiatic Curculionide _

(Coteopt.); By Guy A. K. MansHann, D:Se.% 1. cccencaiscte aes 245

XXIX. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamily Py-

raustine. By Sir GzorGE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. ....., 252

Proceedings of the Geological Society ci. ticeneccu seed tennegses 262

NUMBER 4,

XXX. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamiliy Py-

raustine. By Sir GrorGE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. ...... 265

XXXI. A peculiar State of Development in Brachydesmus (Myria-

poda—Polydesmoidea). By Henry W, Brétemann (of Pau,

ibasses-byrendos, NENG): o's... osu. wun een ie ae ces cc oa 281

XXXII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteraa—XXXIII. On new

Ethiopian Species of Psammocharide, By Rowtanp E, Turner,

JAAS Ua] DAS EE A eae SP APR IMMER ESS cs: ae Earn a a 284

XXXII. The Homologies of the Anal Plate in Antedon. By

Brae BATHE): Sey Rel os. os ss «cae niida dl saett) aides: 294

XXXIV. On the Arrangement of the small Tenrecide hitherto

referred to Oryzorictes and Microgale. By OLDFIELD THomas.,.. 302

vi CONTENTS,

Pago

XXXV. The Baculum or Os Penis of some Genera of Mustelide.

Bye. OCOCK, HOIRIS.. 245 oss soe) ee ee, cree 307

XXXVI. New Heterocera in the Joicey Collection. By Louis

BAPROUT, Heber! wits sce Asoo ous .o./0) 800, 9) ace 312

XXXVII. Note on Laccoptera vigintiser-notata, Bohemau. By

S.WAUIIK, DA. Oantab;,. PVES., F.Z.8. 0s een ae eee 318

XXXVIII. Two new Indian Cassidine Beetles. By 8. Mavix,

IBA. Canta, EHS. 035. se sies «cto bei eo: ee Oe gee 322

XXXIX. On a new Genus and Two new Species of Amatide

(Syntomide) in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kaye, F.E.S. .. 326

New Book:—Shells as Evidences of the Migrations of Early

Cultire, . By J. WiItreEn JACKSON, <s..5).0 0 peer eee 327

NUMBER 65.

XL. Notes on Exotic Chloropide.—Part I. Oscinine. By C. G.

Lamp, M.A., B.Sc., Clare College, Cambridge ................+: 329

XLI. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XX XIV. On Ethiopian

Psammocharide in the British Museum. By RowLanp E. TURNER,

VASP SURI ONS Big 58 Goran Suche se hee bere Sony epee hh ae Ene 349

XLII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera. —XXXV. On new Sphe-

cotdea in the British Museum. By Rowianp E. Turner, F.ZS.,

1 Df) OF Seo Oe ree ISMN ASI once SS DG Olay Sear aod 208 357 356

XLII. Notes on Petrodromus and Rhynchocyon. By OLDFIELD

PETONOAS § oa pic ig <peeg vice oye be Oe eee sl nam Ga Uae hc Oe 364

XLIV. A new Wild Doe from the Bogota} Cordillera. By Oxp-

FIRED THOMAS (16 iaiss 0% © 5,11 seme eee ARGH Rea pes poke 370

XLV. Remarks on the Batrachian Genera Cornufer, Tschudi,

Platymantis, Gthr., Simomantis, g. n., and Staurois, Cope. By

G. A.-BouLENdER, FUR. * occ ee entrain nee 372

XLVI. Further Notes on some External Characters of the Bears

(Ureide). . By R14, Pococx, Fe R:Srteee teehee nice ub a4 he 375

CONTENTS. vil

NUMBER 6.

XLVII. Notes on Exotic Chloropide.—Part Il. Osemine. By

C. G. Lams, M.A., B.Sc., Clare College, Cambridge ............ 385

XLVUI. On the Origin and Affinities of the Acari of the Family

Demodecide, with Brief Remarks on the Morphology of the Group.

ACMA Eve ELERST 5; 2,. 25 sa eae Pebersad erake Siege o.0) er Se oeere 400

XLIX. The Type-specimens of Pwetlasma carinatum, Hoek

(Gicripedia), - By W. Ti Carman insects tts a Men asl oats 401

L. On new Hymenoptera of the Family Evanide in the British

Museum. By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.Z.5., F.ES. ............ 408

LI. Contributions to a further Knowledge of the Rhynchotal

Bamily Lygeudes . By Wy Wn DIS@ANE . «Sipe oe cs os c/o, inte emma ve 416

LII. Two new Diptera from Trinidad. By F. W. Epwarps ., 424

LITT. On some External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. —

Part I> The Cephalophine, Neotragine, Oreotragine, and Mado-

qung. by I. 1; POCOURCE ORS. 80 WOU Rs oAaeit Mia ae dn ced 426

PLATES IN VOL. I.

PuaTE I, Sphrigodesgunni, Deiradognathus fasciatus, and Cylindrobaris

ornata.

II. Protoechinus anceps.

III. Portions of lower jaw of Stereognathus ooliticus.

IV.

*. Mollusea from Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea.

ERRATUM.

Page 157, line 4, and page 158, line 37, for Cypricardia read Venerupis.

NINTH SERIES. Nol.

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Peta bosais coor per litora spargite muscum,

Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes :

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;

Ite, recuryato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dee pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Bol. 1,

No, fT. JANUARY 19178.

I.—On new African Curculionide.—lI.

By Guy A. K. Marsnatt, D.Sc.

[Plate I.]

Subfamily Bracuyperrin x.

Sympiezomias cupreovirens, sp. i.

$ ?. Colour black, with dense bright green scaling above

and a narrow coppery stripe running from the front margin

of the prothorax to the apex of the elytra; on the prothorax

there is sometimes a faint trace of a lateral stripe which is

continued on to the base of the elytra; in some cases the

upper surface is coppery, with a narrow lateral green stripe

on both prothorax and elytra; the lower surface in either

cuse rather brassy.

Head with very sparse shallow punctures which are quite

hidden by the scaling, the forehead with a faint central stria

continuous with the rostral furrow. Rostrum a little longer

than its basal width, parallel-sided, the dorsal outline rather

strongly curved; the upper surface almost flat transversely,

with a deep narrow central furrow in the basal half and a

broader shallower lateral one on each side flanked internally

by a low carina; below and parallel with this a short furrow

in front of the eye. Antenne piceous; joint 1 of the funicle

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 1

Y Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

as long as 24+38+4; joint 2 about as long as broad, the

remainder transverse. Prothorax slightly broader than

long, the apex much narrower than the base, the sides

moderately rounded, broadest about the middle, the apical

constriction shallow; the upper surface with very shallow

and sparse punctation, which is entirely hidden, and a deep

narrow central furrow that does not quite reach either the

apex or base. Hlytra narrowly subelliptical, broadest about

the middle, the apices jointly rounded in both sexes, dis-

tinctly more pointed behind in the ¢ and with the extreme

tip produced slightly downwards ; the shallow striz appear

extremely narrow when the scaling is intact, and the punc-

tures are almost hidden; the intervals are flat, dull, and

finely rugulose beneath the scaling, each bearing a single

row of very short and inconspicuous recumbent scale-like

sete. Legs piceous, with the tibiz and tarsi more reddish.

Length 5-6, breadth 2 mm.

Narat: Vlakhoek (H. J. Stiebel—type). TransvaaL:

Johannesburg (Harold A. Fry).

The Natal specimens were forwarded by the Division of

Entomology, Pretoria, with the information that the insects

were destroying young leaves on apple-trees.

Very closely allied to S. (Piazomias) viridanus, Fhs.,

which occurs also in the Transvaal ; but that species differs

in having the prothorax a little longer (at least as long as

broad), only slightly narrower at the apex than at the base,

and with the surface rugosely sculptured in longitudinal

wrinkles ; the head is granulose (beneath the scaling) and

somewhat striolate on the forehead, the eyes being distinctly

shorter and more convex; the rostrum is proportionately

broader, shghtly widened at the gene, and with the dorsal

outline almost straight ; the teeth on the inner edge of the

tibize are shorter and more slender, &c.

The genus Sympiezomias, Fst., has not been previously

recorded from Africa, but there seems to be no reason for

separating these two insects from the Indian species, despite

the difference in the structure of the scales, all of which

have a small boss-like elevation in the middle, like those of

the Indian genera Lepidospyris, Mshl., and Tylopholis, Mshl.

Subfamily Ovrorruyncurn 2.

Genus Spuricopsgs, Gerst.

Sphrigodes gunni, sp. n.

3. Colour black, with dense dark brown scaling above,

variegated with stripes and spots of whitish scales, the lower

new African Curculionide. 3

surface with uniform pale greenish scaling. The head with

pale scales round the eyes and along the dorsal edges of the

rostrum ; the prothorax with five narrow pale longitudinal

stripes; the elytra with the following pale markings :—-on

interval 2 a stripe running from near the base to a little

beyond the middle ; interval 4 with a stripe from the base

as far as the middle of that on int. 2; int. 6 with a spot

close to the base and another before the middle ; int. 8 with

a broad stripe from the base to beyond the middle, and on a

level with the end of this starts an oblique row of longi-

tudinal patches along the top of the declivity on ints. 7, 6,

4, and 2 respectively, that on 6 being usually the longest ;

a narrower stripe on the apical part of int. 8, which bends

round in the form of a hook on to the apex of int. 4; and,

finally, a V-shaped mark at the extreme apex on ints. 2

and 10.

Head with the coarse close punctation hidden by the °

scaling ; the forehead flat, with an elongate central fovea.

Rostrum not much longer than its width at the gene,

parallel-sided in the basal half, then abruptly and strongly

dilated ; the dorsal area flat behind and shallowly impressed

in front, its margins subcarinate and the lateral areas on

each side almost perpendicular; the greatest distance

between the scrobes about equal to the width of the fore-

head. Antenne with the scape extending well beyond the

front margin of the prothorax; the two basal joints of

the funicle equal, joints 3 to 5 gradually diminishing in

length, and 5 to 7 subequal and slightly longer than broad.

Prothorax broader than long, broadest near the base, the

sides moderately rounded, the apical constriction shallow

but distinct ; the upper surface evenly convex, without any

furrow, and set with close reticulate punctures, each of

which is filled with a flat subcireular scale, the narrow

shiny interspaces being mostly uncovered. lytra broadly

ovate, their greatest width not far from the base, the dorsal

outline moderately convex, the posterior declivity very

steep ; the upper surface with shallow striz containing

rows of deep distant punctures, each of which bears a curved

seta that does not rise above the rim of the puncture; the

intervals between the striz broad and flat, closely covered

with subcircular convex scales which do not overlap, and

between which the shiny integument is often visible; the

short curved scale-like sete are irregularly scattered, and

agree in colour with the scales around them. Leys with

moderately close pale greenish scaling; the hind tibie

curved so that the upper edge is concave and the lower

q Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

convex, and near the apex of the lower edge is an impressed

hare area, above which are two very stout bifid spines and

some simple spines above them ; the other tibia have each

in the same pose a row of three or four simple spines.

Length 43-5, breadth 24-3 mm.

26 The scaling of the upper surface light grey-brown or

brownish grey, the markings that are so conspicuous in the

3S being only fainily indicated owing to their being very

little lighter than the ground-colour.

The only structural differences are that the prothorax is

proportionally broader, the apices of the elytra are jointly

produced downwards into a beak-like point, and the last

ventral segment is pointed at the apex and strongly com-

pressed at the sides so as to form a prominent median ridge.

In the @ this ventral segment is only slightly convex,

broadly rounded at the apex, and bears a small shallow

apical impression.

Length 53-6, breadth 3-33 mm.

TRansvaaLt: Pretoria (D. Gunn).

The male specimens were found on Acacia caffra and the

females on grass.

This insect would have been referred by Faust to the

genus Embrithes, Schh., and is congeneric with his E. pla-

giatus and E. miser from East Africa. These insects are

unquestionably referable to Sphrigodes, Gerst., and it is

therefore probable that all the other tropical species of

Embrithes described by Faust should be assigned to that

genus.

In the true Hmbrithes, which are confined to the Cape

subregion, the scape does not extend beyond the front

margin. of the prothorax ; the rostrum is short and broad,

being no longer than ae basal width ; the surface of ie

prothorax i is uneven, and the upper edge of its basal margin

is not carinate.

In Sphrigodes the scape extends well beyond the front

margin of the prothorax ; the rostrum is much longer than

its basal width; the Surtace of the prothorax is smooth, and

the upper edge of its basal margin is finely carinate.

Subfamil y CryproRRHYNCHINZ.

Genus DriRADOGNATHUS, nov.

Head almost concealed from above in repose; the eyes

large, narrowed below, the space between them above

slightly greater than, and beneath less than, the basal width

new African Curculionide. 5

of the rostrum. Rostrum bent before the middle, the apical

half flattened dorso-ventrally, with a deep constriction just

in front of the eyes; the scrobes beginning at the middle

and not passing actually beneath the rostrum at the base,

so that the lower edge of the rostrum (when viewed from

the side) is visible beneath the lower margin of the scrobe

throughout ; the mandibles triangular in cross-section, the

outer surface angulate, forming a longitudinal ridge, the

cutting-edge shallowly bisinuate. Antenne with the scape

not reaching the eye, the two basal joints of the funicle

equal, the third only slightly shorter than the second ; the

club broadly ovate, as long as the two preceding joints,

segmented, the margins of the segments almost transverse.

Seutellum distinct. Elytra broader than the thorax, with

prominent shoulders and ten strie. Legs moderate, the

front pair about as long as the hind ; the femora gradually

dilated, with a stout tooth, not furrowed beneath, the hind

pair not reaching the apex of the elytra; the tibiz com-

pressed, strongly bent at the base, the lower edge shallowly

bisinuate, the upper surface forming a sharp edge, the apex

strongly uncinate, the corbels of the hind pair open; the

tarsal claws simple, stout and free. Sternum with a deep

prosternal furrow, which is not continued on to the meso-

sternum, the front cox being as widely separated as the

mid pair and having a rather prominent internal apical angle ;

the mesepimeron nearly twice the size of the mesepisternum,

the intercoxal process lying much below the level of the

mid cox, and the front margin of the cavity of these

cox bearing a distinct short projection ; the metasternum

between the coxze more than 14 times as long as the mid

coxie. Venter with segment 2 longer than either 3 or 4,

but shorter than the two together, the portion of segment 1]

behind the coxa distinctly longer than segment 2, the hind

margin of segment | straight, the intercoxal process com.

paratively narrow and conical.

Type, Deiradognathus fasciatus, sp. 0.

This genus falls into Lacordaire’s group Ithyporides, and

in Faust’s key to the African genera known to him (Stett.

Ent. Zeit. 1893, p. 232) it runs down next to Haplocorynus,

Fst., which differs in having the femora abruptly clavate

and the hind pair extending beyond the apex ot the elytra,

the second joint of the funicle longer than the first, and the

portion of the first ventral segment behind the coxe shorter

than the second segment.

It is also allied to the Eastern Colobodes, Schh. ; but in

this genus segment 2 is as long as 3+4, the femora have a

6 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

furrow beneath from the apex to the tooth, the mandibles

are rounded externally, the scrobes pass beneath the rostrum

in the basal third, and the margins of the joints of the

antennal club are very oblique.

Deiradognathus fasciatus, sp. n.

?. Colour black, partly clothed with dense brownish

cream-coloured scaling, and elsewhere with leaden-grey

scales variegated with blackish brown. The head creamy

with brown markings; the entire prothorax creamy, except

a large dorsal hexagonal dark brown patch in the centre of

the basal half; the elytra with dark scaling, except for a

small spot at the base of interval 6 and a broad irregular

transverse creamy band behind the middle, which widens

outwardly from the suture to the lateral margin and extends

along the margin to the base, being almost interrupted near

the suture by an oblique leaden-grevy patch on intervals 2

and 3; the dark parts of the elytra are leaden grey, with a

slight sheen, variegated with velvety dark brown or blackish

patches, especially on the elevations ; the lower surface is

creamy, except the last three ventral segments, which are

dark with a row of pale spots down the middle and on each

side; the legs creamy with large dark brown patches, the

apices of the femora and the lower surface of the tarsi

reddish brown.

Head dull, with fine and very shallow reticulation and

scattered large deep punctures, but the sculpture is entirely

hidden by the erect scales, which are so densely packed that

only the tips are visible. Rostrum convex and almost

parallel-sided in the basal third, thence flattened and

markedly widening to the apex; in the basal area the

punctation is very coarse and confluent at the sides, where

the scaling is dense, and the dorsal area bears separated

punctures of varying sizes; the flattened anterior part is

much more sparsely punctate, and there is an undefined

impunctate central stripe. Prothorax almost as long as its

greatest width, the sides very strongly rounded, broadest

before the middle, the base bisinuate and broader than the

apex, which is somewhat produced over the head and sub-

truncate in the middle; across the widest part there is a

transverse row of four conical prominences and two others

near the front margin, all of which appear to be due to

elevations of the integument, but are really produced by

bunches of convergent upright scales; the integument

itself, which is completely hidden, bears coarse separated

new African Curculionidee. 7

punctures, with the intervals minutely sculptured, and there

is a well-marked central carina (visible through the scaling)

running from the base for two-thirds of the length.

Scutellum bearing in front an erect compressed prominence,

which is rendered less noticeable by the fact that the rest of

the surface is covered by a cushion of erect red-brown scales

of the same height. H/lytra jointly sinuate at the base, very

graduaily narrowed behind from the shoulders, which are

almost right angles, with a deep oblique impression before

the apices, which are separated, each bearing a small

tubercle ; the upper surface with regular rows of large

shallow punctures, which are more or less concealed by the

scaling, the intervals 1, 8, 5, and 7 slightly more raised ;

interval 3 with a large boss-like patch of raised scales near

the base, a long one close behind it which just reaches the

pale band, a rounded one at the hind edge of the band, and

a row of much smaller ones from there to the apex;

interval 5 with similar but smaller raised patches on a level

with the two front ones on 8, a small one in the pale band

in front of that on 3, and a large dark boss-like one on the

declivity ; a row of variable and often indistinct small

prominences on interval 7 and on the declivity cnly of

interval 1.

Length 12-14, width 5-54 mm.

S. Ruoprs1a: Bulawayo (F. Eyles).

Mecistocerus aloes, sp. n.

3d ¢. Colour black, with fairly dense dark brown scaling,

irregularly and indefinitely variegated on the elytra with

paler scales ; the legs greyish brown, all the tibiz having

a dark band im the basal half, and the hind femora with a

large dark patch about the middle.

Head with coarse confluent punctation, each puncture

being filled with a broad seale; the forehead without a

central furrow. Rostrum—() rather coarsely and con-

fluently punctate throughout, with a sharp central carina

in the basal half and on each side a broad shallow lateral

furrow, which almost reaches the apex, but becomes broader

and indefinite in the basal third, and below this in the

apical half another shallow punctate furrow, which forms

a continuation of the scrobe almost to the apex; (9?)

coarsely punctate only at the sides of the basal third, the

remainder shiny and with fine scattered punctures, without

any central carina, and the upper lateral furrow deeper and

more sharply defined than in the ¢. Antenne piceous ;

8 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on

inserted at the middle of the rostrum (2) orslightly behind

it (?) ; the scape as long as the first 34 joints of the

funicle ; and the club narrowly elliptical and distinctly

longer than the last three joints, which are slightly trans-

verse ; jot 2 of the funicle much longer than 1. Pro-

thorax as long as broad, shallowly bisinuate at the base, the

sides subparallel or slightly diverging from the base to

beyond the middle and converging strongly in front ; the

upper surface with very deeply reticulate punctures through-

out and without any definite central carina; the deep

honeycomb-like punctures are usually filled with extraneous

matter, but each contains to one side acurved scale-like seta,

the pale ones, which are arranged roughly in three longi-

tudinal stripes, beimg much broader than the dark ones.

Elytra much broader than the prothorax, the shoulders

roundly rectangular; the strize deeply punctate, the divisions

between the punctures more or less granuliform, the inter-

vals flat, about as broad as the striae and set with irregular

low granules, which are not visible when the scaling is

intact ; the scales ovate, dense, and overlapping. Legs with

the femora almost linear, the hind pair reaching only the

middle of the last ventral segment. Venter with the hind

margin of the first segment shallowly bisinuate.

Length 73-84, breadth 8-34 mm.

TRANSVAAL: Pretoria.

Mr. Claude Fuller, Division of Entomology, Pretoria,

states that these weevils were found puncturing the leaves

of aloe plants.

On account of its linear femora this species falls into the

subgenus Rhadinomerus, Fst. (cf. Heller, Ent. Tidsk. 1904,

p. 186), from the previously described species of which it

differs in having two lateral furrows on each side of the

anterior half of the rostrum.

Subfamily Barrpry-x.

Genus CyLinpRosaRIs, nov.

Rostrum as long as the prothorax, gibbous at the base and

tapering strongly to the apex, with the antenne inserted a

little before the middle, and separated from the head by

a deep transverse impression ; the scrobes uniting beneath

the rostrum; the mandibles strongly bidentate. Antenne

with the scape straight, broadly clavate, and not reaching

the eye; the funicle with the two basal joints longer,

3-7 transverse and gradually widening outwardly, the

new African Curculionide. I:

seventh free; the first joint of the club as long as the

rest together. Prothoraz as long as broad, very shallowly

bisinuate at the base, and with a very slight post-ocular lobe.

Scutellum large, oblong, and transverse. Elytra elongate,

subeylindrical, with ten striz, separately rounded at the

apex and leaving the sloping pygidium exposed; the

shoulders prominent. Legs moderately long; the femora

not toothed and but little dilated, the posterior pairs almost

linear and not furrowed beneath ; the tibiz strongly bent

near the base, otherwise straight, not furrowed, and mucro-

nate at the apex; the tarsal claws rather small and connate

at the base. Sternum: the prosternum (and still more the

mesosternum) well below the level of the metasternum, not

furrowed in front of the coxe; the front and mid cox

equally separated, the interspace being narrow, not broader

than the front tibiz ; the mesosternum with the side-pieces

sharply differentiated ; the metasternum elongate, the length

between the coxz nearly twice as long as the mid coxe, the

episternum correspondingly long and comparatively narrow.

Venter with the intercoxal piece rounded and comparatively

narrow, not broader than the hind coxa; the length of

segment 1 behind the coxa slightly greater than that of 2,

the suture between them obliterated in the middle, seg-

ment 2 as long as 8+4, the hind margins of all three almost

straight and only slightly angulate at the sides; the tergites

strongly chitinized and coarsely punctate.

Type, Cylindrobaris ornata, sp. n.

The large size and elongate cylindrical shape of this

insect give it an aspect which is hardly suggestive of a

Barid, the form being very similar to that of the Calandrid

genus Cyrtorrhinus, Lac. The close approximation of the

mid coxe, the tapering rostrum, and the almost straight

margins of the intermediate ventral segments are all some-

what unusual characters among the true Barides, to which

the genus belongs.

Cylindrobaris ornata, sp. n.

General colour black or brownish black, with the head,

rostrum, antennee, legs, apex of venter, and the last four or

five abdominal tergites red-brown; occasionally the whole

insect is red-brown. The body is decorated with the

following markings, formed of dense overlapping lemon-

yellow scales :—the whole of the scutellum; a transverse

patch near the base of the elytra between striz 2 and 5,

another similar one a little behind it between strie 6 and 9,

10 On new African Curculionide,

and a broad transverse band at two-thirds from the base

extending from stria 1 to 9; a broad stripe down the middle ©

of the prosternum and mesosternum and partly invading the

cox, the whole of the mesepimeron, a spot at the base of

the metepisternum, a small patch at each apical external

angle of the metasternum, and a large transverse patch on

each side of the first ventral segment.

3 3. Head bare, aciculate, with shallow separated punc-

tures. Rostrum sharply bent downwards near the base, and

from there nearly straight to the apex, without carinz or

sulci, coarsely and confluently punctate from the base to the

end of the scrobe, the punctures being very much larger on

the sides of the deep compressed basal area and each con-

taining a short linear scale-like seta, the apical areamuch more

finely and sparsely punctate. Antenne with the club of the

scape shallowly excavated on its lower face, the side that

fits into the scrobe protected by a patch of stiff scale-like

bristles ; the funicle with joint 1 a little longer than 2,

joint 3 quadrate. Prothorax very slightly widened from

the base to the middle, and there rather abruptly and

strongly narrowed to the apex, but without any distinct

apical constriction, the front margin truncate dorsally, the

dorsal outline rather strongly convex longitudinally and

deepest a little behind the middle; the upper surface

uniformly and closely covered with fine wavy ridges, which

converge obliquely towards the front margin in the anterior

half and in the hinder half form roughly concentric curves

round the highest point; lying transversely to the ridges

are numerous short linear scale-like white sete. Hlytra

elongate, with the sides shallowly sinuate in the middle,

separately rounded at the base, and a little broader than the

prothorax at the shoulders, which are obtusely prominent ;

the upper surface moderately shiny and devoid of scaling

(except for the markings described above), with regular

deep punctate strize, of which the 7th and 8th begin only at

about one-fourth from the base, and the ]0th is broadly

interrupted in the middle; the intervals broad and flat,

bearing numerous transverse cuts or excisions, each of

which contains a short recumbent dark seta, and interval 3

markedly broader at the base than the adjoining ones ; the

punctures in the strize contain very short setee which do not

rise above the edges of the stria. Legs set with coarse

punctures (rounded on the femora and elongate on the

tibize) bearing white scalc-like sete.

Length 7-9, breadth 24-3 mm.

MARSHALL. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. I. Pl. I.

Sphrigodes gunni, Mshl. x 9. Deiradognathus fasciatus, Mshl. x 4.

Cylindrobaris ornata, Mshl. x 5.

2G tt

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7 cd

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A f

On Bermudian Species of Donatia (Tethya). 11

Nyasatanp: Mt. Mlanje (S. A. Neave—type). 8S. Ruo-

pEsta: Sebakwe (D. Dodds). TransvaaL: Pretoria.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Sphrigodes gunni, Marshall, x 9.

Deiradognathus fasciatus, Marshall, x 4.

Cylindrobaris ornata, Marshall, x 5.

I1.— Bermudian Species of Donatia (Tethya).

By BLANCHE BENJAMIN CROZIER.

(Contributions from the Bermuda Biological Station for

Research.—No. 77.)

A SEARCH for budding sponges in the waters about Bermuda

has revealed, in addition to members of other genera, three

species of Donatia—D. lyncurium, D. seychellensis, aud two

varieties of D. ingall. All, with the exception of D. lyneu-

rium, which is comparatively rare, have been obtained in

great abundance throughout their respective budding seasons,

and kept under observation in their natural situations from

September Ist to the end of May. ‘These observations were

made as a preliminary to a study, now in progress, of the

germ cells of these sponges. I have enjoyed the use of

certain equipment belonging to the Bermuda Biological

Station, and from the Resident Naturalist of the Station,

Dr. W. J. Crozier, I have constantly received assistance. ‘l'o

the Smithsonian Institution I am indebted for the loan of a

collection of identified material.

I. Donatia seychellensis (E. P. Wright).

During the first week in September Donatia seychellensis,

in moderate numbers, was found attached to the vegetation in

Millbrook and Fairyland Creeks. These creeks are long

narrow inlets bordered by mangroves. They are rey shallow,

and a large part of the bottom is covered with plants, flat-

bladed ‘ eel-grass” or turtle-grass, round-bladed grass, and

alow. The sponge attaches itself to the grass by rather

slender anchoring filaments; in its most common position

upon a round blade it sends out two principal filaments in

: opposite directions along the length of the blade, and from

its base a few tiny hairs straight “toward the blade. It m ay

12 Miss B. B. Crozier on Bermudian

also send out two or three filaments to neighbouring blades.

Less commonly the attachment is to the flat-bladed grass or

to alge.

These sponges are of an orange colour, with no great

variation from the lighter yellowish or greenish orange to

the deeper reddish hue. The lighter colour is more common

in small individuals, the deeper colour in large ones. Speci-

mens preserved in alcohol are dull light brown. They are

approximately spherical and from 8 to 20 mm. in diameter.

‘The surface of a fresh specimen is divided up into polygonal

denticulated areas deeper in colour and denser in texture than

the intervening spaces, though not necessarily raised above

them ; and from the denticulations of these areas proceed

strands, which form a close network in the spaces. In the

lighter coloured specimens green shows through this network.

‘The polygonal areas, or conules, occur all over the animal,

though they vary greatly in shape even in any one specimen.

They may be irregular polygons or nearly round ; they may

be flat or raised in the centre into a hillock with or without a

spine projecting from its centre: at intervals the place of a

conule is occupied by a smooth round swelling of the size of

a bud but without a stalk ; or the position may be occupied

by a bud with a long or short stalk. A bud may come from

only one conule or, less frequently, it may have two or three

stalks from adjacent conules. The polygonal areas about

the osculum are modified into long plates, but these do not

stand up above the general surface, so that the osculum is

not conspicuous unless open. It leads into a chamber into

which a number of canals open. Its position bears no con-

stant relation to the region of attachment of the sponge.

A typical full-grown bud is spherical or egg-shaped, 2 to

5 mm. in diameter, and of a bight clear orange colour. It

is borne on astalk varying in length from less than 1 mm. to

several times the diameter of the bud. This stalk often

continues through the bud and projects on the distal side as

a slender spine or hair, usually with a small swelling at its

end. From the sides of the bud grow numerous shorter

spines, often with swellings at their free ends. If sponges

bearing buds are kept in a jar with running water for a few

days, the stalks elongate and finally the buds drop off and

settle to the bottom, while the parent sponges send out

numerous very long slender spines, which attach to the sides

of the jar or to other individuals. In order to give some idea

of the time required for bud formation, a specimen without

buds was placed under observation in a jar of running water

on Sept. 4. The polygonal areas at this time were not

Species of Donatia (Tethya). 13

raised above the general surface. On Sept. 5 they were

projecting slightly. On Sept. 6 many of these elevations

formed the ends of buds whose connexion with the parent

sponge gradually narrowed to a slender stalk. Spines

appeared from the sides and ends of the buds. On Sept. 7

the first bud dropped off.

Tf a fresh specimen of average size, 7. e. about 15 mm. in

diameter, be cut in two, it is seen to have a .well-detined

cortex 1°5 mm. thick, consisting of a thin tough inner layer

of white tibrous material and a thick fleshy outer layer orange

in colour. ‘I'he choanosome is dark yellow at the centre and

bright green at the periphery, the two colours merging into

each other at two-thirds the distance from the centre to the

periphery. Numerous large glistening white fibres ran from

the centre radially in all cca Wee ; in the cortex one of them

spreads out at the base of each conule.

For the study of spicules preparations were made as

follows:—From a freshly collected sponge a small piece was

cut in any desired region, placed upon a microscope-slide, and

covered with a few drops of KOH or NaOH solution ; the

slide was then held with forceps over a low alcohol flame at

a sufficient distance so that the fluid would not quite boil -

but would become hot enough to soften the tissue. The

alkali was then washed off with water from a pipette, and a

cover-glass placed over the softened tissue and pressed down

flat with a needle. ‘This procedure was carried out with

fragments taken at various points along the radius of a large

number of specimens.

The sponge contains four kinds of spicules :—(1) Mega-

scleres, typically strongyloxeas, but with the ecactine often

rounded, 1:0 to 1-4 mm, long by 13 to 16 w in diameter, with

smaller forms down to 0°36 mm. by 6 yw. (2) Spherasters,

ranging from 30 to 50 w in diameter, with straight, abruptly

pointed, oxeate actines, very abundant in the cortex, espe-

cially in its deeper portion, and at the periphery of the

choanosome, but exceedingly rare elsewhere. (3) Uxyasters,

28 to 35 mw in diameter, with slender rays, usually six in

number, straight and unbranched, though occasionally curved

or bent and rarely branched. These are found occasionally

in the outer half of the cortex and are fairly abundant in the

inner half, while throughout the entire choanosome they are

very numerous, by far the most abundant microsclere.

(4) Chiasters—6°6 to 13°3 w in diameter, and tylote—form

a dense sheet at the periphery of the cortex, and are abundant

through the remainder of the cortex and outer choanosome,

but exceedingly rare in the deeper parts of the choanosome.

14 Miss B. B. Crozier on Bermudian

Several entire buds of various sizes, after having been

treated as described above, have been examined and found to

contain the same four classes of spicules which occur in the

adult sponge. ‘The structure of the various filaments sent

out by this sponge was studied from teased living material.

The anchoring filaments, bud-stalks, and fibres projecting

from buds are composed o} of a core of megascleres surrounded

by a dense layer of amcebocytes, among “which are scattered

numerous chiasters. A few spherasters are found, especially

in the little swellings at the ends of filaments.

Donatia seychellensis, first observed in Milbrook and

Fairyland Creeks the first week in September, became more

and more abundant, and the buds more numerous, uatil

about the end of the month. By the middle of October

there was a marked falling off in. numbers, and those found

were small and with few buds. During the winter only

occasional specimens could be found. A recent collection,

made on May 14, was a little more successful ; it resulted in

eight small specimens without buds.

Search has been made for D. seychellensis, as well as for

other species here described, in most of the common shore

collecting-grounds about Bermuda. In only one locality,

besides the creeks mentioned above, has D. seychellensis been

obtained, viz., on the shore of Agar’s Island, where at low-

tide level a few specimens have been found attached to stones.

A careful search with a water-glass upon the reefs at Daniel’s

Head Flat failed to reveal any species of Donatia, as have

also dredgings in Great Sound.

Il. Donatia ingallt (Bowerbank).

The two sponges here classified as varieties of D. ingalli

do not correspond in all points with previcus descriptions

of that species ; but in view of the fact that these descriptions

have generally been based upon small numbers of preserved

specimens, with no data as to the variations displayed by any

one species in its natural habitat throughout the different

phases of its reproductive cycle, it seems to me that nothing

short of differences in the more fundamental points of internal

anatomy warrants the recognition of separate species ; and

between Donatia ingali as previously described and the

Bermuda varieties there are no differences of this nature.

On the other hand, in cases where .both the animals in

question are available in the living condition in unlimited

numbers, superficial characters, if constant, are a sufficient

reason for separating species; on these grounds there can be

Species of Donatia (Tethya). 15

no hesitation in recognizing these Bermuda varieties as

specifically distinct from the Bermuda Donatia seychellensis,

though they possess practically the same spiculation.

Variety A.—In the same habitat as has been described for

D., seychellensis there was found, a little later in the season,

an abundance of bright green spherical sponges slightly

larger than D. seychellensis, On the 1st of September, when

D. seychellensis was fairly numerous and even beginning to

bud, only occasional specimens of the green form were

obtained, and it was not until Sept. 18 that the first bud was

seen. ‘lhe surface of these sponges is raised into rounded

hillocks, which are themselves composed of smaller rounded

elevations. ‘lhe cortex is much more fleshy and dense than

that of D. seychellensis, and is solid, instead of showing a

network of strands between the conules. The colour is

uniform over the entire surface, with a slight variation

among different individuals from dark bright green to a more

nearly olive tint; in alcohol it is pink to light orange.

There is a range of diameter from 11 to 32 mm., though

specimens larger than 25 mm. are exceptional. The buds

are clear bright green, and their form and arrangement are

as in D. seychellensis. ‘here are usually either one or two

oscula, occasionally three or more, and in case of two or three

they have a typical arrangement side by side 1 to 2 cm.

apart. They are exceedingly conspicuous structures by

reason of the modification ot the conules about the oscula

into long plates, which stand up around the opening and may

project as much as 1 em. beyond the general surface of the

animal. A cross-section of this sponge shows the cortex to

have twice the thickness of that of D. seychellensts; it consists

of a thin, white, fibrous inner layer and a very thick, fleshy,

green layer. ‘lhe choanosome is dark yellow, and has at its

centre a white fibrous core about 2°5 mm. in diameter, from

which the radiating bundles proceed and spread out beneath

the conules.

The spicules are in form and size similar to those of

D. seychellensis, but differ somewhat from the latter in

distribution and especially in the degree of branching of the

oxyasters. (1) The megascleres are strongyloxeas, with the

ecactine very frequently rounded, and range from 0°35 to

1-6 mm. in length and from 6°6 to 23 w in diameter.

(2) Spherasters similar to those of D. seychellensis are fairly

frequent in all regions of the sponge and are exceedingly

numerous in the cortex. (3) Chtasters are numerous

throughout, and especially abundant in the cortex, at the

16 Miss B. B. Crozier on Bermudian

periphery of which they form a dense sheet ; in addition to

the usual tylote form there are some with oxeate actines.

(4) The ovxyasters, as contrasted with those of D. sey-

chellensis, are commonly bent, evenly curved, or branched ;

they are very abundant throughout the choanosome, but

relatively sparse in the cortex, especially its outer layer.

Though most abundant upon the eel-grass of tidal creeks,

where it assumes a spherical form, D. ingalli variety A hasa

wider distribution in Bermuda waters than has D. sey-

chellensis, and its form is modified to suit the various localities

in which it oceurs. Numerous specimens have been found

attached to stones along the shore of Agar’s Island at low-

water mark, and these are usually flattened at the base to

present a large area of attachment. In extreme cases the

sponge is reduced to a hemisphere, or even grows over the

edges of small stones, to irregularities in the surface of which

it conforms. The anchoring filaments, which appear in

D. seychellensis as slender fibres usually but two in number,

are here heavy strands or even thick sheets, which grow out

from the base of the sponge over its substratum. ‘These

sponges have been collected also from stones along the shores

of Hungry Bay; while from the shore of Long Island and

neighbouring islands have been obtained the largest specimens

I have ever seen. They were attached by heavy anchoring

strands to the vertical faces of rocks and at depths down to

2 fathoms, as contrasted with the very shallow positions in

which all other specimens have appeared. This sponge has

been much more frequent than DD). seychellensis throughout

the winter, but very sparse and lacking in buds as compared

with its profusion and activity during the autumn months.

In May it has been found in fair abundance, but with few

buds, in the tidal creeks, not raised upon the eel-grass, but

resting on the muddy bottom and upon dead shells.

Variety B.—Though the two varieties of ). tngalli are

identical in most of their important anatomical characters,

they are readily distinguished in their natural situations by

their different external appearance ; a few constant anatomical

differences also permit one to distinguish between them after

preservation. In the tidal creeks, on stones at low-water

mark, and on the vertical faces of rocks at 2 fathoms depth,

variety B occurs with variety A in about the proportion of

Lto 12. Its autumn budding-season coincides with that of

variety A, and it is likewise fairly abundant upon the muddy

bottoms of tidal creeks in early summer ; but in this latter

situation its degree of budding is noticeably greater than that

te Se oe oe

“4

Species of Donatia (Tethya). ae

of variety A. It is prune-coloured, varying from purple to

brown. In alcohol it is dull light brown with a pinkish cast.

It shows less extremes of size than variety A, and has never

been found with strongly developed anchoring filaments.

The oscula, though of the same general character, are less

pronounced, and in most cases their plates do not project

conspicuously. The specimens which in the field are distin-

guished from variety A by these superficial characters, present

upon study of their internal structure two points of difference

from the more common green form :—(1) The cortex of

variety A consists of a thin fibrous inner layer and a thick

fleshy outer layer, while that of variety B, of equally con-

spicuous total thickness, is composed of a very thick fibrous

innér cortex and a thin outer layer of fleshy material. Upon

this point variety B agrees with the description given by

Sollas of the cortex of D. ingalli, but both varieties have the

great total cortex thickness mentioned by Dendy as charac-

terizing the specimens of D. ingalli examined by him.

(2) The cortex of variety Bis densely packed with spherasters,

a feature which agrees with the condition found by Dendy ;

‘while the cortical spherasters of variety A, though un-

doubtedly more numerous than in D. seychellensts, are far

from being densely packed.

IIf. Donatia lyneurium (auctorum).

Donatia lyneurium has apparently not passed through its

season of greatest abundance and activity during the period

covered by my observations. I have never found a single

specimen in the eel-grass of the tidal creeks, and search in

other localities has revealed only a few small animals without

buds. These were attached to stones at low-water mark

along the shore of Agar’s Island. Their colour varies from

light yellow to orange, the smaller ones being usually of the

lighter hue. They range in diameter from 5 to 20 mm.

None have been found attached to the stones by anchoring

fibres, but the base is flattened, so that the centre of the

radiating structures is not far above the region of attachment.

The surface is covered with fine rounded elevations, which in

a few of the larger specimens are modified into elongated

plates about the oscuium. A specimen of 20 mm. maximum

diameter has a cortex 2 mm. thick, which consists of a very

thin fibrous inner layer and a thick fleshy outer layer. The

choanosome is dark yellow, fading into green at the periphery.

There is a large fibrous core at the centre of the radiating

bundles. The outer fleshy layer, yellow when the sponge is

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 2

18 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

alive, turns light pink in alcohol. There are three kinds of

spicules :—(1) Megascleres, usually strongyloxeas, but with

the oxeate ends often rounded. (2) Spherasters, 40 to 46 mw in

diameter, with a large centrum and thick, unbranched,

abruptly pointed actines, of which 6 to 8 are visible in one

plane; they are numerous in the cortex and the outer choano-

some, but rareelsewhere. (3) Chiasters—usually strongylote

but sometimes faintly tylote, and with more than 6 rays—are

very numerous throughout the entire sponge and densely

packed in the outer half of the choanosome. They range in

diameter from 10 to 16 w, and are distinctly larger in the

inner half of the choanosome than elsewhere.

Pembroke, Bermuda,

May 25, 1917.

References.

Denpy, A. 1905. “ Report on the Sponges collected by Prof. Herdman

at Ceylon in 1902.” Report to Government of Ceylon on the

Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Suppl. Report 18,

pp. 57-246, 16 pls.

—-. 1916. “Report on the Homosclerophora and Astrotetraxonida

collected by H.M.S. ‘ Sealark’ in the Indian Ocean.” Trans. Linn.

Soc. Lond. ser. 2, Zool. vol. xvii. pp. 226-271, pls. xliv.—xlviil.

Sottas, W. J. 1888. “ Report on the Tetractinellida collected by

HI.M.S. ‘ Challenger’ during the Years 1873-76.” Rep. Sci. Res.

Voy. H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ Zoology, vol. xxv., clxvi+458 pp.,

45 pls., 1 map. [Appendix II. pp. 411-445, pls. xliii., xliv. |

Witson, H. V. 1902. “'The Sponges collected at Porto Rico in 1899

by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer ‘ Fish Hawk.” U.S. Fish

Comm. Bull. (1900), Part 2, pp. 875-411.

Ill.—New Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection.

By L. B. Prout, F.E.S.

Family Lemoniide.

1. Sabalia barnsi, sp. n.

3 .—T4 mm.

Similar to jackson?, EK. M. Sharpe (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) v. p. 443, 1890), British East Africa, of which it may

possibly be a subspecies. Abdomen beneath with the

proximal segments more heavily blackened.

Fore wing slightly narrower ; antemedian line (bar) thicker ;

no appreciable black dusting in the interspaces between R#

and M'; premarginal black band broader ; proximal half of

abdominal margin not blackened.

—-

Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. 19

Ffind wing with premarginal black band broadened distally

so as to reduce the spots of the ground-colour by half or more

as compared with jacksont.

Chambezi Valley, Karunga River, 4500 feet, Jan. 1917

(S. A. Barns), type in coll. Joicey. Also ashort series from

150-200 miles W. of Kambove, 3500-4500 feet, 9th-11th

Oct. 1907 (S. A. Neave), in coll. Brit. Mus.

Neither of the descriptions of Karsch’s species (tppels-

kirchi, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxiv. p. 293; filleborni, id. ibid.

XXvi. p. 354) can refer to this species ; in the latter the fore

wing is wholly black in the cell, etc.; the former may

probably be nearer, but—apart from its considerably larger

size—lacks the pale patagia. The structure of the fore legs

will need closer attention than I have been able to give; in

the type-specimen of barns? they are lost.

Family Geometride.

Subfamily Heurrzery 2.

2. Comibena hypolampes, sp. n.

3 .—30 mm.

Head white, the crown somewhat mixed with green, the

palpus on the sides with brownish. Antennal pectinations

not quite so long as inchalybeata, Moore. (Body discoloured

in relaxing.)

Fore wing with SCt free, SC? arising considerably before

SC®; bright green, finely strigulated and irrorated with

white ; costal edge narrowly white ; two broad white trans-

verse lines, the first straight, at about 5 mm. from base ; the

second slightly curved near costa (8 mm. from apex), then

nearly straight to hind margin near tornus; some slight

white clouding in distal area; no terminal line; fringe white.

Flind wing with frenulum slender; termen nearly rounded,

a little straighter between the radials; SC? very shortly

stalked, M* nearly connate; costal area white, the rest con-

colorous with fore wing; otherwise unmarked except by a

very fine white line close to termen as in Luchloris smarag-

daria or chlorophyllaria.

Fore wing beneath bright green, posteriorly nearly white,

and with some white admixture in distal area; first line

slight, second strongly developed ; hind wing beneath green,

with white irroration and strigulation, postmedian line of fore

wing continued, bluntly bent at R*.

Vrianatong, Tibet.

Perhaps nearest latilinea, Prout, but quite different in the

20 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

absence of red terminal line, the presence of white subterminal

on hind wing, ete.

Subfamily Srzrrur7.

3. Semaopus ciliata, sp. n.

go .—35 mm.

Head light reddish brown, the face becoming pale buff

below. Palpus pale buff, marked with dark reddish brown

on outer side. Antenna dentate, with rather long fascicles of

cilia. Hind tibia and tarsus distorted, with masses of buff

and pink hair and a single spur, much as in ¢ndignaria,

Guen.

Fore wing with SC? from cell, R? from very slightly before

middle of DC; pinkish buff, very finely dusted with grey ;

lines grey or ee -grey, very’ fine ; antemedian straight

and rather oblique from one-third hind margin, obsolete in

front of SC; median straight, parallel with termen at 5 mm.

therefrom; postmedian strongly sinuous ; cell-spot small,

black, white-pupilled ; terminal line not interrupted; fringe

concolorous, usually with very feeble and minute dark dots

at base opposite the veins.

Hind wing with termen almost smooth ; antemedian fue

wanting ; median slightly or very slightly bent in middle

postmedian less deeply sinuate than on fore wing.

Underside with similar markings, the antemedian line

always wanting; the median on the hind wing weak or

wanting ; postmedian forming slight teeth on the veins ;

terminal line slightly thickened or even forming distinct

dots between the veins; cell-dots small, not white- pupilled.

Chiriqui, Panama ( (Arcé), type in coll. Joicey. Sapucay,

Paraguay (W. Foster), in coll. Brit. Mus. and Tring Mus.

Tijuea, Brazil, in coll. Tring Mus.

Marvellously like the species which passes as indignaria,

Guen. (though not agreeing very well with his description),

which, however, has the antenna pectinate. Otherwise I can

see no essential difference, though the cell-spots are in general —

minute. It should be added that if Guenée was in error

regarding his locality (which he gives as “ Brazil?”’), his

description would lead one to identify his ¢ndignaria with

absconditaria, Walk., List Lep. Ins. xxvi. p. 1488, from

Haiti and Cuba.

4. Semwopus smitht, sp. n.

¢ .—34 mm.

Head and body mostly concolorous with wings, the face

Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. 2E

and collar somewhat paler; palpus mostly dark red on outer

side, whitish beneath, terminal joint very short. Antenna

with moderate fascicles of cilia. Hind tibia and tarsus with

strong tufts, mostly light-coloured ; abdomen with lateral

tuft somewhat developed.

Fore wing with termen smooth ; SC? about connate with

SC3-5; rather glossy buff-pink, with extremely fine grey (in

some lights slightly olive-tinged) irroration ; costal margin

more sliglitly irrorated ; lines formed by condensation of the

irroration, moderately well developed; antemedian rather

weak at costal extremity, oblique outward, weakly bent in

middle of cell, then very slightly sinuous to hind margin at

three-sevenths, cell-spot annular, grey with a few whitish

scales, its circumscription blackish ; median line in the ante-

rior half parallel with postmedian, midway between this and

cell-spot, strongly oblique inwards from M? to behind M?,

reaching hind margin at about three-fifths; postmedian

sinuous, on the veins dentate outward ; nearest the termen at

SC®-R? and R*—M!, strongly inbent behind M’; terminal

line extremely fine and weak (almost obsolete).

Hind wing with termen smooth, SC? separate ; antemedian

line wanting, median rather weaker than on fore wing.

Ouderside much paler and rather more ochreous, the poste-

rior part of fore wing and much of hind wing (except costal

and distal regions) whitish with some iridescence ; fore wing

with costal margin red from near base to well beyond

middle and with traces of postmedian line on anterior part,

otherwise almost without markings.

Colombia F. H. Smith), without more exact locality, taken

in June.

5. Semeopus preptocycla, sp. n.

3 .—26 mm.

Head and body concolorous with wings.

Fore wing chocolate-brown, with fine, sparse, and quite

inconspicuous black irroration ; lines light brownish; ante-

median fine and oblique outwards from two-sevenths costa,

rather acutely angulated at SC, then almost straight to about

two-fifths hind margin, very finely and slightly dark-edged

distally ; postmedian slightly less oblique than termen, not

quite 3 mm. distant therefrom, forming a very gentle curve

anteriorly, very finely and slightly dark-edged proximally ; a

large round black cell-spot (fully 1 mm. in diameter) with

minute pale grey pupil; termen with triangular dots between

the veins.

Flind wing the same, without antemedian line.

Mr. L. B. Prout on new

Underside paler ; cell-spots smaller, less deep black ; post-

median line present, but very weak.

Peruvian Amazons: Rio Ampiyacu, Putumayo, type in

coll. Joicey; Rio Pacaya, July 1912, in coll. Brit. Mus.,

presented by J. J.Joicey. Also in coll. Tring Mus. from

Palma Sola, Venezuela; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons ; Pal-

cazu, K. Peru ; and Yahuarmayo, 8. Peru.

6. Ptochophyle ozophanes, sp. n.

3 .—20 mm.

Face and palpus whitish, mixed with yellow and vinaceous.

Vertex yellow. Antenna whitish, strongly mixed with vina-

ceous. Occiput vinaceous. Thorax and abdomen concolorous

with wings.

Fore wing with areole small, all the subcostals rather long-

stalked, SC* arising first; pale lemon-yellow, so strongly

nrorated with vinaceous or reddish as to make the colour

appear dull orange, leaving somewhat less heavily irrorated

areas here and there ; distal area slightly tinged with dull

purplish ; cell-spot grey, large but not strong; a slightly

interrupted and irregular yellow line 2°5 mm. from and

parallel with termen, thickened considerably between the

radials and throwing out a tapering projection distally between

KY? and R?; fringe chequered.

Hind wing with termen subcrenulate, slightly toothed at

KR? ; SC? and M! very shortly stalked; slightly darker in

distal part than in proximal; a thick yellow line from abdo-

minal margin just beyond middle, running in direction of

apex, but terminating about R?, throwing out 4 small distal

branch just in front of R*,a very slender proximal branch

at its anterior end, and a thick bifurcating proximal branch

about R* and forwards ; a yellow subterminal spot or dash

about Rh? ; fringe chequered.

Underside glossy whitish yellow; fore wing with vague

vinaceous suffusions, leaving free most of the hind-marginal

area and a broad but ill-defined postmedian band; hind wing

with still slighter suffusions, chiefly in distal half.

Perak, 2000-3000 feet (W. Doherty).

7. Ptochophyle dipyramida, sp. n.

9 .—27 mm.

Face whitish yellow. Vertex vinaceous. Occiput mixed

yellow and vinaceous. Antenna whitish yellow, strongly

shaded above with vinaceous ; inner side with mere teeth,

outer with very short stout pectinations. Thorax and abdo-

men above vinaceous, beneath cream-buff.

Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. 23

Fore wing with areole small, SC? arising before SC*®, M*

separate ; vinaceous cinnamon to vinaceous; in costal region

vaguely mottled with yellowish, in proximal part of cell and

near base posteriorly with some bright yellow mottling ; an

irregularly pyramidal patch beyond cell and another from

tornus, their apices closely approximated at M’, the base of

the former on SC® ; a small yellow mark at termen in front

of R’, a second in front of M* (adjoining the tornal pyramid) ;

minute red terminal dots on the yellow parts; fringe yellow,

with a slight vinaceous mark between R? and M}. .

flind wing with termen slightly bent at SC’, almost right-

angled at R*, subcrenulate posteriorly ; SC? and R! very

shortly stalked, M* barely stalked; unicolorous, with two

dark vaguely connected dots on the discocellulars ; fringe

yellow, opposite R$ vinaceous.

Underside paler, with the pyramids, terminal spots, and

fringes whitish ; costal margin of both wings pale, at least

proximally ; bases mixed with very pale yellow.

Tenasserim Valley, E. of Tavoy, Burma (Doherty).

Belongs to the Heteroctenis section (Meyr., Tr. Ent. Soc.

Lond. 1897, p. 72).

8. Ptochophyle anisocosma, sp. n.

9.—20 mm.

‘ Head and thorax deep red, mixed with blackish ; abdomen

dorsally brighter lake-red, laterally yellowish, dorsally pale.

Fore wing with SC! arising before SC*, lake-red mostly

irrorated with blackish fuscous, the irroration strong proxi-

mally (especially anteriorly), becoming slight distally ; an

elongate yellow spot between the radials, well beyond the

cell; a yellow dot at KR? between this and termen ; slight

yellow costal irroration near apex ; a narrow yellow distal

border, interrupted by the ground-colour between R? and M*

and more slightly at apex, tornus, and M?; a few minute red

terminal dots anteriorly ; fringe yellow, mixed with lake-red

between R® and M’.

Hind wing with termen only feebly bent at R? ; DC slender,

oblique, SC? barely stalked, M* about connate ; without the

dark irroration ; a small yellow spot in end of cell; two

interrupted bands of larger irregular postmedian spots, the

proximal consisting of one between SC? and R? (connected

posteriorly with the distal by a thin oblique mark) and one

between M?! and tornus, the distal continuous from C to M?,

mostly narrow anteriorly, broad behind R?; yellow border

still narrower than on fore wing.

24 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

Underside paler, similarly marked, costal region of hind

wing pale yellowish except towards apex.

Sungei Ujong, Malay Peninsula (Durnford).

9. Ptochophyle vinosa, sp. n.

2 .—22 mm.

Head and body above concolorous with wings ; face whitish,

vinaceous below; vertex whitish, yellow between the antenne;

beneath, with the legs, predominantly whitish.

Fore wing with termen scarcely oblique in anterior half,

curving so as to become very strongly so posteriorly ; areole

small, SC* arising before SC°; vinaceous, very densely

irrorated with bluish, giving it a lilacine tone; markings

pale yellow; a subtriangular costal spot at one-fifth ; an

exceedingly slender streak along costa before middle ; a much

broader one beyond middle, from the anterior end of which

a narrow iregular band runs across the wing to tornus,

stronely constricted at M?, then widened into a tornal patch ;

some interneural subterminal dots, that between SCO? and R}

farthest from termen 3 some irregular, partly elongate or

confluent, terminal spots ; fringe yellow, marked with lilacine

opposite R%.

Hind wing rather elongate, with termen curved, strongly

bent at R?; DC oblique, SC? short-stalked, M! about connate ;

lilaeine with terminal spots and fringe (except opposite R*)

yellow.

Underside paler ; fore wing at base and along most of

hind margin whitish ; costal margin mixed with yellowish ;

otherwise as above.

N. Borneo (Pryer), type %, Elopura, off N. Borneo

(Breyer), both in coll. Joicey.

Specimens which are probably the g to this (* Borneo”

and Sandakan) stand in coll. Brit. Mus. under the MS. name

of vinosa, Warr.; they are strongly mottled with yellow in

the central area of the fore wing and throughout the hind

wing, and have a more or less complete, though narrower,

antemedian band, arising in the cell, but slenderly connected

with the posterior extremity of the first costal’ spot. The

sexual difference would be somewhat analogous, though not

strictly parallel, to that obtaining in permutans, Hamps. (Ill.

Het. viii. p. 123), and in togata, F. (Supp. Ent. p. 454) =

amenaria, Snell. (Tijd. Ent. xxxii. p. 222)=auricincta,

Hamps. (Ill. Het. ix. p. 149), of which latter deviaria, Walk.

(List Lep. Ins. xxii. p. 664), must surely, by analogy with

permutans, be the @.

Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. “25

10. Cosymbia dyschroa, sp. n.

9 .—24 mm.

Face pale olive. Palpus nearly twice as long as diameter

of eye, third joint slender,.about half as long as diameter of

eye; pale olive above (third joint marrowly darkened), rather

paler beneath ; crown, thorax, and abdomen concolorous, the

vertex very narrowly white in front.

Fore wing rather broad, apex acute, minutely produced,

termen nearly straight, tornus pronounced; glossy smoke-

grey with a slight olive tinge, somewhat sprinkled with

bluish-silvery scales ; costal region with some purplish dots,

mostly very minute, a few on the margin itself (especially

near apex) less so; lines indicated by dark vein-dots ; ante-

median outbent in middle, only the dots on M and SM well

developed ; postmedian from beyond two-thirds costa, very

gently excurved in anterior half and incurved in posterior ;

cell-spot elongate but small, white, very slightly dark-edged ;

traces of a very faint greyish median shade beyond it, curved

parallel with postmedian; terminal line dull purple, very

slightly lunulate, appearing more so on account of the slight

interruption at vein-ends and confluence with small con-

colorous dots at base of fringe opposite the veins; fringe

otherwise cream-buff.

Hind wing with apex rectangular, termen bent at R?;

nearly as fore wing ; circumscription of cell-spot stronger,

median shade straighter, touching the cell-spot.

Both wings beneath paler, inclining to bluish white; fore

wing except posteriorly, hind wing at apex only, flushed with

pink ; a white cell-dot indicated on both wings, a row of

small weak postmedian dots on fore wing only.

Caparo, W. Trinidad (/. Birch).

The coloration recalls Zalissolepis violacearia, Guen.

(Spec. Gén. Lép. ix. p. 386), more than any other known

Cosymbia.

11. Pisoraea diplosticta, sp. n.

3 .—32 mm.

Face dull reddish. Palpus fully twice as long as diameter

of eye, with third joint long ; red above, whitish ochreous

beneath. Vertex and antennal shaft whitish ochreous, some-

what spotted with reddish. Thorax and abdomen nearly

concolorous with wings, the abdomen somewhat redder above.

Hind femur fringed with fine whitish hair beneath ; hind

tibia with the proximal spur short.

Fore wing with areole rather small; pinkish buff with a

26. Mr. L. B. Prout on new

very slight (at costal margin rather thicker and greyer) darker

uroration ; lines weak, vaguely greyish ; antemedian at little

beyond one-fourth, somewhat excurved and sinuous, chiefly

indicated by dark dots on the veins, median shade broader,

lunulate-dentate, arising at about three-fifths costa, incurved

between M! and SM’; postmedian fine, shallowly lunulate,

but scarcely traceable except on the veins, where it is marked

by strong black dots (very slightly elongate) at about

2°5 mm. from termen, slightly incurved at costa ; cell-mark

slightly raised, very feeble, elongate, very slightly and in-

completely dark-edged; both the series of terminal dots

sharply expressed, those on the veins smaller than those

between; fringe slightly more ochreous proximally.

Hind wing with termen slightly waved ; SC? just stalked

(type) to just separate; similar to fore wing, the cell-dot

whiter, less elongate, more strongly’ dark-ed ged.

Underside of fore wing more flesh-coloured, at hind margin

whitish, of hind wing whitish, mixed with flesh-colour

distally ; fore wing with median shade faintly traceable in

flesh-colour ; both wings with flesh-coloured postmedian line,

marked with brown dots on the veins ; terminal dots deve-

loped, the interneural rather less black and more diffuse than

above.

Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, dry season (G@. L.

Bates), type in coll. Joicey. A g from the same locality

and two from Lake Azingo, Gaboon, in coll. Tring Mus.

I do not think this can be a local race of ewcarta, Guen.=

deremptaria, Walk., from South Africa, which has the cell-

mark of fore wing smaller and rounder, but of which no good

specimens are accessible to me. If, as I suspect, lyciscaria,

Guen.=bitactata, Walk., is an aberration of the latter, it

appears to have the hind femur glabrous or nearly so.

12. Hamalia apiozona, sp. n.

2? .—22 mm.

Head and body cream-buff ; palpus darkened on outer

side; thorax and abdomen dorsally with some darker ad-

mixture, a brown belt at base of abdomen.

Fore wing rather narrow, termen oblique, smooth, nearly

straight ; SC? arising well before end of cell ; white, mostly

covered with light pinkish-buff markings ; a very strongly

outbent white line at one-fourth (accompanied by some

whitish shading proximally), bounding the median area

proximally ; median area forming a very broad band, of

which the distal edge is very acutely angulated outwards on

Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. 27

R', here (and nearly to R*) confluent with the proximal

shading of subterminal line, posteriorly more oblique than

termen, reaching hind margin at middle ; a minute dark cell-

dot at base of R?; subterminal line white, with irregular

brown shadings on both sides, slightly oblique inwards at

costa, then forming a deep outward curve (with its extremity

on R?), slightly inbent before R*, sinuate inwards between

M? and SM’; a rather conspicuous subtriangular white spot

close to apex ; dark dots at termen before and behind R’,

accompanied proximally by small white wedges; the poste-

rior part of terminal area irregularly mixed with light violet-

grey and (towards tornus) blackish ; fringe pale brownish,

unmarked,

Hind wing rather narrow, termen rounded anteriorly, then

almost straight; a rather strong subbasal brown band;

median band very feeble and ill-defined, separated from a

better expressed brown submarginal band by a white shade ;

a very narrow white distal border, marked at apex with a

brown dash and between some of the veins with brown dots ;

fringe unmarked.

Underside whitish, the hind wing almost unmarked, the

fore wing becoming browner anteriorly, and with a dark

brown terminal border from tornus to R1, becoming lighter

brown and subterminal anteriorly.

Rio Derg, Brazil, type in coll. Joicey. Rio Janeiro, para-

type in coll. Brit. Mus.

13. Pigia flexistrigata extensa, subsp. n.

3 .—25-27 mm.

Much larger than flexistrigata fleaistrigata, relatively

longer-winged (termen of fore wing more oblique), underside

less sharply marked, with median line of hind wing obsolete.

Carabaya, S.E. Peru: Oconeque, 7000 feet, Feb. 1905

(G. Ockenden), type in coll. Joicey; July 1904 (dry season),

1 g in coll. Tring Mus.; Santo Domingo, Nov. 1902 (wet),

1 $ in coll. Tring Mus.

Possibly a separate species.

Except in the angulated hind wing this species (described

by Warren, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 150, as a Craspedia) does not

differ in material characters from Pigia (type tergeminaria,

H.-Sch.=microniata, Walk.).

14, Antitrygodes callibotrys, sp. n.

3 .—d6 mm.

I'ace and outer side of palpus light reddish brown. Head,

28 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings, the upperside

of thorax with the black speckling rather copious, of abdomen

with a few small brown spots. Antenna with short pectina-

tions, at least as long as diameter of shaft, surmounted by

strong fascicles of cilia. Hind tibia thick, with dark hair-

pencil ; tarsus scarcely one-half as long, tapering. Abdomen

with lateral tufts not strong.

Fore wing with SC! well free, not even bending towards

SC?-5, R* from before middle of DC; flesh-colour with a

Vinaceous tinge; proximal part with black speckling, distal

with exceedingly fine, scarcely noticeable, olive-green irrora-

tion; first line light brown, speckled with black, sinuous,

posteriorly oblique outwards; median area with the cluster of

olive-green spots large, partly black-edged, distally again

very finely whitish-margined ; an elongate black cell-mark

amongst them, attenuated in its middie, followed by a black

dot at bifurcation of R® and M!; postmedian line light brown,

oblique outwards from three-fifths costa, strongly bent at R},

then approximately parallel with termen ; submarginal line

rather darker, slenderer, sinuous, followed distally by bi-

partite olive-green spots between the radials and between M?

and SM?; terminal line scarcely interrupted, slightly thickened

between the veins; fringe tipped with brown, a fine whitish

line at base.

Hind wing with termen very feebly crenulate, with a just

appreciable angle at K'; first line wanting, green central

spots corresponding to those of fore wing, the posterior ones

(between M* and SM’) smaller, not reaching beyond fold ;

postmedian line not bent at R*; subterminal nearly as on

fore wing ; submarginal spot between radials reduced to a

small triangular or V-shaped mark on R?, subtornal nearly

obsolete.

Both wings beneath with postmedian, subterminal, and

terminal lines well developed.

Upper Kasai district, Congo Free State (/. Landbeck),

type in coll. Joicey. Entebbe, Uganda (Z. A. Minchin),

paratype (¢) in coll. Brit. Mus.

Apart from the difference in markings, this is distinguished

at once from dentilinea, Warr., by the venation and the

pectinate ¢ antenna. I have elsewhere (Mitt. Deutsch.

Ent. Mus. iii. p. 241) noticed the frequent loss of the areole

in A. divisaria divisaria, Walk., and may add that I have

found the same phenomenon in A. agrata, Feld., and A. parvi-

macula, Warr. ; but in these cases SC! still approaches SC?

at the point where the distal wall of the areole is normally

formed, whereas in cadlibotrys—and often in vicina, Th.-Mieg,

from the Khasis, possibly a race of agrata—it runs parallel.

Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. 29

15. Meltasiopsis trichroa, sp. n.

9 .—20 mm.

Face blackish; palpus pale beneath. Vertex narrowly

yellowish ; occiput mixed with blackish ; collar rosy.

Thorax and abdomen yellow, much mixed with rosy above.

Fore wing with SC? arising from cell; glossy yellow ;

proximal area, as far as the oblique, somewhat sinuous ante-

median line (or band), predominantly peach-blossom pink,

costal margin broadly but not very definitely suffused with

pink, in proximal part also slightly with dark purple-grey ;

median pink line thickest anteriorly, slightly sinuous ; post-

median irregular, bent outwards to M1, interrupted between

the medians, thick behind M’, partly confluent with a pink

tornal spot ; some slight pink apical suffusions ; just proximal

to the antemedian line in the cell is placed a small blackish-

slate spot, on the anterior half of the postmedian band a

similarly coloured line; fringe pale yellow.

Hind wing with termen shallowly sinuate between the

radials, slightly toothed at ends of veins; SC?-~R1 moderately

stalked ; proximal half yellow with ill-defined sinuous ante-

median and median lines, distal half predominantly pink, but

with irregular spots of the ground-colour, suggesting a sinuous

or dentate transverse band; fringe pale yellow.

Underside somewhat paler yellow with similar but weaker

markings, the antemedian and median lines of hind wing

obsolete behind cell, the distal pink shading of hind wing

much feebler, suggesting two thick sinuous lines.

Bonda, Colombia, 150 feet (A. H. Smith), type and another

in coll. Joicey.

Suggestive of radaria, Schs., and other pink-and-yellow

species, but with the superimposed purple-grey markings

charactetistic.

16. Ptychopoda complexaria amazonensis, subsp. n.

Somatina eburneata? (part.), Butl., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 340

(indeser.), nec Guen.

Differs from complezaria complewaria, Schs. (Tr. Amer.

Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 257), S.H. Peru, in lacking the black

spots on abdomen, in having the spots of the proximal half of

' fore wing reduced in size, those at the end of the cell united

into a ring, the subterminal spots well defined between the

radials, and generally between R® and M?, as well as at hind

margin. Abdomen more or less strongly belted with ochreous

brown.

Contamama, Rio Ucayali, Peruvian Amazons, Oct.-Dec.,

30 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

type in coll. Joicey. Rio Pacaya, Peru, July 1913, 1 3 in

coll. Brit. Mus. (presented by J. J. Joicey). Urucaca, Rio

Jurua, Amazons, November 9th, 1874, 1 ¢ in coll. Brit. Mus.

(Butl. l.c.). Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon, July 1906 and

July 1907 (Klages), in coll. Tring Mus.

17. Ptychopoda deliloides, sp. n.

3d .—15 mm.

K'ace and upperside of palpus black. Vertex and base of

antenna white; ciliation rather short. Occiput walnut-

brown. Thorax above reddish, anteriorly mixed with black,

posteriorly with white; abdomen above reddish, somewhat

mixed with white, especially towards anal end. Hind tibia

rather large, thick and tufted, tarsus strongly abbreviated.

Fore wing with areole moderate’‘or rather long, rather

narrow, all the subcostals stalked from its apex; mostly

walnut-brown, with fine white irroration; base of costa

blackish, the white scaling strong in the rest of the proximal

area, developing into an ill-defined white line at the edge of

the median area, which runs very obliquely outwards from

costa, is acutely angulated subcostally, and then very oblique

inwards to hind margin; median area very broad, costally

mixed with white, its edges slightly darkened; an indistinct

dark cell-mark and traces of a dark median line near to and

parallel with the antemedian, but not angulated subcostally,

touching the cell-mark ; a very irregular white line distally

to the median area, angulated at R*, slightly sinuate inwards

between R! and R’, very near the termen between R® and M?,

rather deeply sinuate inwards between M? and SM’, again

angulated on SM?; a white subapical and slighter central

suffusion distally ; a white line close to termen, slightly

receding therefrom at costa; a dark terminal line; fringe

whitish brown or almost white, with darker and redder spots

opposite the veins.

Hind wing with SC? and R! quite shortly stalked; red

nearly to base; two white distal lines corresponding to those

of fore wing ; terminal line and fringe as on fore wing.

Fore wing beneath almost entirely suffused with vinaceous,

hind wing partly rosy but generally more mixed with white,

especially posteriorly and towards distal margin, where a

rosy line remains observable between the two white lines of

the upperside.

Pozuzo, EH. Peru (J. £gg). Type in coll. Joicey, others in

coll. Tring Mus. Also occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia,

French Guiana, and Amazons.

Lepidoptera in the Joicey Collection. at

Except in the less glossy wings more recalls the adela

group of Hamalia (especially della, Schs., Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p. 430, as Dithadama) than any Ptych o-

poda with which I can compare it.

18. Flavinia stenochora, sp. n.

2 .—37 mm.

Head black, narrowly white round the eye. Palpus short.

Body black, the abdomen with an interrupted yellow stripe

on the side and white line beneath.

Fore wing with areole single, narrow, in one example

almost suppressed ; DC? oblique, R? arising near (in the type

even close to) R*, M! widely separate, black, with the proximal

yellow patch narrow, not crossing M or SM?; subapical

yellow patch rather broad ; fringe black.

Hind wing rather elongate ; yellow, with rather broad

black borders, the abdominal tapering to a point proximally,

the anterior crossing SC, so as to enter the cell, but distally

thereto bounded -by the stalk of SC? and R’.

Underside similar, the fore wing with a yellow posterior

streak in proximal part of cell.

Minas Geraes, Brazil, type in coll. Joicey, ex. coll. Gr.-

Sm. 2 9 9 from the Milne collection, without locality,

have for more than’half a century stood in coll. Brit. Mus.,

originally mixed by Walker among his approaimans, List

hep; Ins. 1. p. 370. (tsis, Hb:).

Perhaps near dubia, Schs., distinguished by the venation,

by the proximal patch of fore wing not entering the cell, the

white line on venter, yellow streak on cell of fore wing

beneath, etc. The exceptional position of R’* of fore wing

—hitherto only known, in this family, in a few Geometrine

and one or two Larentiinee—may betoken generic divergence.

Subfamily Larewrrrvz.

19. Mennis ficulnea albifera, subsp. n.

3 .—34-37 mm.

Smaller than feulnea ficulnea from Keuador, ground-colour

redder, distal borders generally broadened ; fore wing with a

more or less extended white posterior patch, commencing at

a point close to base, broadening rapidly, bounded distally

by the black border ; hind wing also frequently with some

whitish shading between the ground-colour and the border

posteriorly.

32 On new Lepidoptera in the Joicey Cotlection.

Charape, River Tabaconas, N. Peru, 4000 feet, 1912, the

more exactly labelled specimens dated Sept.-Oct. (4. & LF.

Pratt).

Subfamily Gzomerrivz.

20. Cleora clarivenata, sp. 0.

3 .—)4 mm.

Face flat. Palpus rather short and stout, with moderately

appressed scales. ‘Tongue slight. Antennal pectinations

very long, continuing to near apex. Pectus strongly hairy.

(Hind legs lost.) Head and body concolorous with wings,

the abdomen with ochreous anal tuft and with indications of

white distal edgings to the segments above, only the first

distinct. ;

Fore wing with fovea slight; SC!~? moderately long-

stalked, separating about opposite the branching of SC’, not

connected with C or SC*; Prout’s brown, with some of thie

veins (especially M, Rt, R*, M’, the end of SC*, and, more

finely, M?) yellowish white ; lines yellowish white ; ante-

median acutely angulated inwards close to costa, then forming

an outward curve or bend, from M strongly oblique inwards

to hind margin near base; postmedian about 3 mm. from

termen, nearly parallel therewith, very slightly approaching

it at hind margin.

Hind wing with termen weakly subcrenulate ; similar to

fore wing ; SM® also whitened; antemedian line wanting ;

postmedian slightly bent at radial fold.

Underside slightly paler, without white veins ; antemedian

line wanting, postmedian a little less strong than above.

Upper Kasai River, Congo Free State (Ff. Landbeck).

21. Calihistia grandis latiplaga, subsp. n.

Yellow band of hind wing considerably widened, at

abdominal margin generally measuring 11 mm., never less

than 9 mm., its form in the ¢ almost quadrate, its anterior

boundary in the ¢ (in front of the second subcostal vein)

7-9 mm. long.

Mysol, foothills, 100-200 feet, Oct.—-Nov. 1916, wet season

(W. J. C. Frost), type and another ¢,6 ¢ @.

On the Squirrels hitherto referred to Paraxerus. 33

1V.—On the Striped Squirrels hitherto referred to the

Genus Paraxerus. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue genus Pararerus, as restricted in my paper on the

genera of African Sciuride*, contains two superficially

distinct sets of species—those of uniform colour, or, at most,

with an indistinct whitish line down each side of the back,

and those with four conspicuous black bands down the

dorsal area with white or yellowish lines between them.

In connection with an examination of some striped squirrels

brought by Major Christy from the Bahr-el-Ghazal, I have

again studied the skulls of the members of these two groups,

and find that there are certain cranial and dental characters

by which they can in all cases be distinguished from each

other. It would, therefore, appear convenient that groups so

conspicuously different externally should be separated generi-

cally. ‘The unstriped species will therefore bear the name of

Paraxerus, with P. cepapi as genotype, while those that are

striped may form the following new genus :—

TAMISOUS, gen. nov.

Dorsal surface conspicuously black-striped.

Skull on the whole as in Paraxerus, with similar short

muzzle. Anteorbital foramen forming a high narrow slit,

that of Parazerus more subtriangular, broader at base.

Teeth. Incisors generally thrown more forwards, those of

Paraverus forming an angle with the tooth-row of about 80°

(75° to 85°), while those of Yamiscus are usually about 90°

more or less, attaining 100° in the type of 7. vulcanorum.

The terminal wearing-edge notched, very much as in Mus,

those of Parazerus being quite normal, as in Rattus.

Molars less hypsodont, the crowns more abruptly marked

off from the roots. Looking at these teeth from the inner

side, the large internal root is narrow, well-spaced from its

neighbours on each side, and abruptly broadens out above at

the crown. In Paraxerus, on the other hand, this root is

proportionally larger below, so as more nearly to approach its

neighbours, and quite gradually broadens upwards to the

crown. Owing to the greater size of the roots in Parazerus,

their tips are more generally visible on the upper side of tlie

maxillary than in Tamiscus.

Genotype. Tumiscus emint (Sciurus emini, Stuhlm.).

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii, p. 467 (1909).

t+ Two only in alexandri.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 3

34 Mr. O. Thomas on the Striped Squirrels

The forms referable to this genus appear to be as follows :—

1. Tamiscus béhmi, Reich.

Sciurus boehmi, Reich. Zool. Anz. ix. p. 815 (1886).

Dark lines on back not deep black, but lightened by inter-

mixed greyish or buffy hairs. Edges of ears lighter than

general colour of head.

Marungu (Bohm), Mweru (Sir A. Sharpe).

2. Tamiscus emini, Stuhlm.

Scturus emint, Stuhlm. Mit Emin Pascha, p. 320 (1894).

Dark lines of back strongly contrasted glossy black.

ee of ears (proectote and antitragus) not lighter than rest

leads: ; a small whitish patch behind them.

eee not specially thrown forwards; comparatively

thick, about 1:6 mm. in antero-posterior diameter at their

exit from the base in adult specimens.

2a. Tamiscus emini emini.

Sciurus emini ugande, Neum. SB. Ges. Nat. Berl. 1902, p. 180.

General colour strong olivaceous. Dark stripes variable in

breadth, the outer ones well marked, well over 2 inches

in length.

Semliki River (Stuhlmann, Carruthers) (type-locality) ;

Congo area westwards to the Ubanghi (Boyd Alexander),

Welle and Ituri Rivers (Hmin, Boyd Alevander, Christy, and

others), Ruwenzori and Fort Portal (Woosnam), Unyoro

(Ansorge), Businde, Uganda (Blaine), Entebbe (Jackson),

Kampala (Neumann).

I fail to find any distinction between the series from the

Congo area and those from Uganda. The breadth of the

dorsal stripes, used by Neumann to characterize his subspecies

ugande, proves to be absolutely variable in every locality, as

also do the sizes of the teeth and the bowing of the skull, in

which respects differences are observable between different

specimens.

2b. Tamiscus emint gazelle, subsp. n.

General colour of true emini, but body- colour much paler

and greyer. Flavks near “dull citrine” of Ridgway, head

and shoulders rather greyer. Proectote of ears coloured quite

like the crown, but the edge of the antitragus may be a little

lighter. Dark dorsal lines reduced in “extent, the outer

narrower and shorter, little more than an inch in length.

hitherto referred to the Genus Paraxerus. 35

Under surface greyish, with but little olive infusion, Tail

slender, its edges ochraceous yellow.

Hind foot of type 30 mm.

Skull: greatest length 35°5; upper tooth-series exclusive

of p® 5°7.

flab. Meridi, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 17.10.4.4. Original

number 5. Collected January 1916 and presented by Major

Cuthbert Christy. Four specimens.

A paler northern form of TY. emin?. The genus had not

been previously recorded from the Nile drainage-area.

3. Tamiscus vulcanorum, sp. n.

Size rather smaller than in J. emini. General colour

rather brighter and more yellowish olivaceous, with strongly

contrasted stripes. Edges of ears (proectote and antitragus)

lighter than general colour of head. No white spot on sides

ot neck behind ears.

Incigors slenderer than in 7. emtni, their antero-posterior

diameter about 1-4 mm.; generally more proodont * than in

emini. Molars small.

The members of Tamiscus from Ruwenzori southwards, as

represented by specimens from three different places, all differ

from 7’. emini by their light-edged ears and certain other

characters which indicate differences from that animal. But

while the specimens from each locality are closely similar

inter se, it is difficult to name any character except that of

the ears which will distinguish the whole of them from emind.

Further material from their somewhat inaccessible habitats

will be needed before their true relationships can be worked

out; but I would provisionally consider them as one species

with three subspecies, as follows :—

3a. Tamiscus vulcanorum vulcanorum.

Fur long, soft, and rich; axillary patches not naked,

practically hidden by thin fur. General colour of head aud

flanks near “ dull citrine.”” Black stripes glossy black, the

inner pair broad, broader than the yellowish median line

between them; the outer pair narrow, little developed,

shorter both in front and behind than the white stripes internal

to them. Under surface washed with yellowish green

(‘“ pyrite yellow”).

* The words proodont, orthodont, and opisthodont (on the analogy of

prognathous &c.) might be suggested to express the set of rodent incisors,

thrown forward, upright, or turned in backwards respectively.

36 Mr. O. Thomas on the Striped Squirrels

Incisors slender, proodont (93° to 100°). Molars very

small.

Dimensions of type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 135 mm.; tail 116; hind foot 35;

ear 14,

Skull: greatest length 36; condylo-incisive length 32:8;

upper tooth-series exclusive of p49.

Hab, (of type). Buhamba, near Lake Kivu, in Belgian

Congo. Alt. 6500’. Other specimens from Burunga,

Mt. Mikeno.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.12.3.64. Original

number 2194, Collected 4th June, 1911, by Robin Kemp.

Jfour specimens.

3b. Tamiscus vulcanorum lunaris, subsp. n.

Fur less long and soft than in vuleanorum. General colour

of head and sides dark greyish olive, duller and more smoky

than in other forms, Dorsal dark stripes not glossy black,

but mingled with greyish, the inner pair narrower than the

comparatively broad yellowish median band between them ;

outer dark lines little conspicuous. Under surface washed

with yellowish olive.

Incisors proodont, slender. Molars small.

Dimensions of type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 125 mm.; tail 154; hind foot 33;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 36°5 ; condylo-incisive length 32°5 ;

upper tooth-series exclusive of p? 5:3.

Hab. Ruwenzori East (Mubuku Valley). Alt. 6500’.

Lope Adult male.”. .B.M. no.76) 7.4). 54; 9 Ofioinal

number 264. Collected 7th February, 1906, by Doug! as

Carruthers. Presented by the Ruwenzori Exploration

Committee. ‘Two specimens.

This animal was obtained halfway up Mount Ruwenzori,

side by side with specimens referable to 7. emini. It will

probably prove to be a mountain-form occurring upwards

from that altitude, at which it just meets the common species

of the lower levels.

3c. Tamiscus vulcanorum tanganyike, subsp. n.

Fur not so Jong as in true vulcanorum ; axillary patches

large, quite naked. General colour as in vulcanorum, or even

slightly lighter. Dark dorsal stripes glossy black, the inner

ones broader than the very narrow median yellowish line ;

outer ones narrow, but extending the full length of the white

lines internal to them. Hdges of ears not so conspicuously

;

hitherto referred to the Genus Paraxerus. 37

lighter than the head as in true vuleanorum, but still percep-

tibly so. Yellow spot on sides of nose particularly well

marked. Under surface yellowish grey, more as in some of

the'forms of emint,

Incisors thicker than in other specimens of vulcanorum,

16 mm., therefore about as in emnz. Molais comparatively

large,

Dimensions of type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 125 mm.; tail 151; hind foot 30°5;

ear 14.

Skull: greatest length 35; condylo-incisive length 31:5;

upper tooth-series exclusive of p? 6.

Hah, 10 miles west of Baraka, Burton Gulf, Lake Tan-

ganyika, in the Tanganyika drainage-area, Alt. 4000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 7.6.14. 33. Original

number 328. Collected 3rd January, 1907, by Douglas

Carruthers. One specimen only.

This animal, while obviously distinct enough to deserve a

subspecific name, is of somewhat doubtful relationship, and

more specimens will be needed before the question can be

settled. While its comparatively thick incisors and large

molars are more as in 7. emini, its general colour and light-

edged ears approach those of 7. vuleanorum, to which, mainly

on geographical grounds, I provisionally refer it. But I

should not be surprised if it turns out to be instead a southern

subspecies of ZT. emint.

4, Tamiscus antonie, Thos. & Wrought.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 377 (1907).

Size much smaller than in the previous species. Colour

yellowish grey, with four well-defined black stripes. Haig

not lighter than head ; no white patches behind them.

Greatest length of skull 31°5 mm.

Hab. Upper Congo. Type from Ponthierville, near

Stanley Falls.

5. Tamiscus alexandri, Thos. & Wrought.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 876 (1907).

Size smallest of the genus. Colour yellowish. Stripes

much reduced, the dark inner pair narrow ‘and mixed with

yellowish, and the outer pair almost imperceptible. Hars

conspicuously white both on edges and backs.

Greatest leneth of skull 30 mm.

Hab, Welle and Ituri Rivers, eastwards into Uganda.

38 Mr. O. Thomas on

Semliki (Weave). Type (aslightly immature specimen) from

the Upper Welle.

young example of this species shows the outer dark lines

more plainly than the adults.

V.—Two new Tuco-tucos from Argentina.

By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Ctenomys latro, sp. n.

Near OC. tucumanus. ;

Size about as in tucewumanus. General colour paler than the

peculiar dark fawn of tucwmanus, more as in dorsalis, bufty

fawn on sides of head, on back, and on flanks, but the middle

area of the face and crown dark brown. Under surface

broadly washed with pale buffy (“light buff’’), the throat

whiter, and a patch on the chest darker, near “ avellaneous,”

very like the belly-colour of C. tucwmanus ; the colours of

upper and under surfaces rather sharply distinguished. Be-

hind each ear a light buffy patch runs downwards and back-

wards on the side of the neck. ‘Tail dark brown on whole

breadth of upper surface, pale buffy on sides and below.

Skull of about the same general shape as in C. tucumanus,

similarly low and flattened, though the brain-case is narrower.

Muzzle unusually broadened, owing to a peculiar thickening

of the bone outside the anterior half of the buried part of the

incisors. Nasals broad, abruptly and squarely truncated

behind, where they are considerably surpassed by the ends of

the premaxillary processes, their sides forming straight con-

verging lines instead of the curves found in tucumanus.

Zygomata as widely expanded as in tucumanus, but distinctly

shorter antero-posteriorly ; a groove present along the upper

outer edge of the malar, not found in any of our five skulls of

tueumanus. ‘Temporal ridges uniting to form a low median

sagittal crest, the ridges being quite separated in older

specimens of tucumanus. Supraoccipital smooth, without the

median ridge present in adult twcumanus. Bulle slightly

smaller than in tucumanus, but still smooth and well inflated,

not contracted as in Ct. pontifex.

Incisors of the normal set and usual orange-colour. Molars

rather smaller and more delicate than in ‘tucumanus, p ex-

ceeding the molars in diagonal diameter rather less than is

new Tuco-tucos from Argentina. 39

usual, ‘The two rows of cheek-teeth a little nearer together

than in tucumanus. .

F Dimensions of the type (measured by collector in the

esh) :—

Head and body 170 mm.; tail 71; hind foot 29.

Skull : condylo-incisive length 45°2 ; condylo-basal length

43°6 ; zygomatic breadth 29; breadth across swollen part of

muzzle 11°8; nasals, length 13:5, breadth anteriorly 7, pos-

teriorly 3:9 ; interorbital breadth 10; breadth across brain-

case 1671 ; posterior breadth on lips of meatus 26°3 ; palatilar

length 21°6 ; upper tooth-series 8°8; diagonal diameter of

Dao J, Olen 353.

Hab. Tucuman. Type from Tapia, about 20 miles north

of Tucuman City. Alt. 600 m.

Type. Adult male, with basilar suture closed. B.M. no.

2.1.5.13. Collected 28th October, 1901, by LL. Dinelli.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. One specimen only.

This species is no doubt most closely allied to its geogra-

phical neighbour C. tucumanus, but, as may be seen above,

differs both in colour and in quite a number of cranial

characters as compared with a set of five good examples of

the older-known species.

Ctenomys pontifex, sp. n.

A medium-sized species without special markings, the bullae

very narrow.

Size about as in C. latro. Colour above uniform drab-

brown without darker markings; below paler and more

buffy. Tail brown above for its whole breadth, whitish

below.

Skull rather narrow, the zygomata not widely expanded.

Nasals long, nearly parallel-sided, slightly surpassed behind

by the premaxillary processes. Brain-case scarcely ridged.

Zygomata with the median ascending process rather farther

back than usual, the orbital fossee therefore proportionally

large as compared with the temporal fosse. Mesopterygoid

fossa narrow. Bulle long, low and narrow, in marked con-

trast to those of C. mendocinus, more like those of the other-

wise very different C. frater.

Incisors and cheek-teeth normal, p* of scarcely greater

diameter than m'.

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body 183 mm. ; tail 77 ; hind foot 34.

Skull: approximate condylo-incisive length 44; zygomatic

breadth 26°5 ; muzzle, breadth anteriorly 9°8, between ante-

orbital foramina 8 ; nasals, length 18, breadth anteriorly 7,

40 Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin.

posteriorly 6°2; interorbital breadth 9:5; breadth across

brain-case 17°8 ; palatilar length 21; upper tooth-series 10;

diagonal diameter of p* 3°6, of m’ 3:5.

flab. “ Kast side of the Andes near Fort San Rafael,

Province of Mendoza.”

Type. Adult female, BM. no. 60.1, 5.2. Collected by

Mr. T. Bridges. Presented by G. R. Waterhouse.

Mr. Bridges collected in this region a number of tuco-tucos

which have hitherto been assigned to Philippi’s Ctenomys

mendocinus *, but I now find that they belong to two quite

distinct species—the one with normally inflated rounded

bulla and the other with very narrow ones. Now it fortu-

nately happens that the Muserm contains a series of

mammals purchased of Gerrard in 1873 which were labelled

‘with Philippi’s names in what I believe to be his handwriting,

and among them is a tuco-tuco from “ Mendoza” labelled

Ct. mendoctnus, which, in the absence of other evidence, we

may accept as typical. This specimen has the full rounded

bullee usual in the genus, and I therefore describe as new

the one with the narrow bulle,

VI.—Protoéchinus Austin.

By F. A. Baruer, D.Sc., F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate II.]

Previous History.

In December 1860 Fort-Major Thomas Austin published in

“The Geologist’? (4. pp. 446-448) a paper ‘‘On a new

Genus of Echinoderm, &c.”? This was Protoechinus, so called

because its author believed it to be ‘‘ one of the first, if not

the very first true echinus, that appeared on our globe.”

The Genotype was the unique species Protoechinus anceps,

of which three specimens had been “found in the lower beds,

but not the very lowest, of the Carboniferous Limestone

[Lowest Tournaisian |, at Hook Point, county of Wexford,”

Ireland. One of these specimens “fell into unscientific

hands, and was lost to science.’ Another was imperfectly

preserved. Of the third a rough woodcut was given, and it

is this which must be regarded as the Holotype.

The Holotype is No. 401 of the Austin Collection in the

* Arch. f. Nat, xxxy. p. 88 (1869).

Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin. 41

Liverpool Museum. It is the only specimen now known,

and I am greatly indebted to Dr. J. A. Clubb for allowing

me to borrow it for detailed study.

I have little doubt but that the Hehinocrinus anceps of

T.& T. Austin (nom. nud., Oct. 1842, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

x. p. 111, and brief description, Mar. 18438, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. xi. p. 207) refers to the same specimen, although Dr.

R. T. Jackson, in his admirable “‘ Phylogeny of the Echini”’

(Jan. 1912, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vii.*) twice men-

tions it as a distinct species (pp. 449, 454). The Austins’

description being in the form of a comparison with the

undescribed EH. pomum is a case of ignotum per ignotius, but

the specimen is said to be ‘‘ a fragment showing the internal

structure of the ambulacra and a few of the adjoining plates,”

and this fully agrees with our holotype. Moreover, no other

specimen agreeing with this statement is in the Austin col-

lection or represented in the Austins’ unpublished drawings.

It will be remembered that the Austins originally regarded

Echinocrinus (= Archaeocidaris) as a possible Crinoid, partly

no doubt because some of their Carboniferous echinoid spe-

cimens had crinoid stems accidentally lying just over their

oral or apical poles. Consequently Protoechinus or Echino-

crinus anceps appears with the other Echinocrini from Hook

Point on the sketch for a plate of the unfinished Crinoid

Monograph.

The essential clauses in Austin’s description (1860) are:

“ Ambulacral areas wide ; the two rows of pores in double

pairs near the margin, with alternate additional perforated

plates near the widest spread of the ambulacra; where these

additional plates intervene the pores become quadruple;

interambulacral areas wide.” The word “quadruple” can

only mean that where there are four columns of ambulacrals

there are four double pores in a transverse row. Neither

Lovén (1874), nor Zittel (1879), nor Pomel (1887) seem to

have understood this, and they ascribed to the genus only

three columns of ambulacrals. But if the phrase receive

the preceding interpretation, which agrees with that of R. T.

Jackson (1912), then the description is correct so far as

it goes. The same cannot be said for Austin’s figure,

Neither takes us very far, and though Duncan (1889)

ventured to refer the species to Palaeechinus, and Lambert &

Thiéry (1910, p. 120) to Melonechinus, most writers have

agreed that “with present knowledge .... this interesting

*In this work the various references to other authors are given in

detail, which is therefore not repeated here.

42 Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin.

type .... cannot be definitely located” (Jackson, 1912,

p. 454). .

Examination of the actual specimen would at any time

have enabled these distinguished authorities to come toa

more definite or more correct conclusion, and now that I

have succeeded in removing more of the matrix, it is possible

to give a fuller account than might have been anticipated.

DeEscriPTion oF HoLoryPe.

The fragment, which is of roughly triangular shape,

73°5 mm.xX41°5 mm., lies ona matrix of dark shaley hme-

stone, and is, or was,in part covered by the same. This

matrix contains numerous fragments of crinoids, a plate of

Palaeechinus, some brachiopod spines, and bits of Polyzoa.

The portion of test preserved is viewed from the inner

Suances

As represented in Austin’s text-figure and in Plate IT.

given herewith, the truncated apex of the triangle occupies

the peristomial region. Here there meet the adoral por-

tions of two ambulacral areas (B, D), enclosing part of an

interambulacrum (C). The accompanying text-figure (p. 48)

gives the outlines of the component plates, and the areas are

lettered in arbitrary fashion A to D. Of the interambu-

lacra] area A, only two fragmentary plates are preserved.

The Imbrication, as may be seen in the photograph, affects

both ambulacrals and interambulacrals, especially the

former. It follows the normal plan: an adoral overlap for

ambulacrals ; an aboral and adradial overlap for inter-

ambulacrals, which also cover the edges of the ambulacrals.

The imbrication of both is strong.

Interambulacrum C begins with the primordial plate in

the basicoronal row, about 5°5 mm. long and wide. It is

succeeded in the second row by two plates. In the third

row appears a space for the initial plate of column 3, but

there issome disturbance at this point, and either the plate

has in whole or part been overturned so as to expose its

outer surface, or an interambulacral from the dorsal region

has been forced down upon it ; it will be seen in the photo-

graph that the outer margin of this plate on the left passes

over the edge of the adjacent plate in column 2 instead of

under it, as would be its normal position. That the initial

plate of column 3 did occupy this space is proved by the

existence of four plates in the fourth row. In the next row

appears the initial plate of column 5. Immediately below

this in the drawing are seen portions of what appear to be

—————E——————

Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin. 43

two plates. Of these the one to the right, over which the

dotted line 5 passes, is turned up at the edge next the spec-

tator, but it must be a part of the second plate in column 5.

The small portion underlying it to the left may be a part of

the same plate in its normal position, or it might possibly

belong to the initial plate of column 6. The outwardly

splaying curves of the ambulacra just here render the

existence of a sixth column almost inevitable.

Of these columns of interambulacrals, No. 1 is the least

disturbed. It consists of five plates, all, except the prim-

ordial, higher than wide and relatively thin ; the third plate

measures 8°2 mm. x 4°5 mm., so far as visible. Towards the

peristomial margin the plates of this and of column 2 in-

crease in thickness, and the primordial plate itself is fairly

stout. The adradial edges of this plate, instead of being

merely bevelled off, are marked on each side with two curved

notches to receive the ambulacrals; and this confers greater

rigidity on the peristomial frame. The edges of the adoral

pair of notches are raised. The adoral margin of the plate

seems incomplete, and adoral to it a fragment of some plate

is seen in the matrix.

The plates of column 2 as represented in the drawing do

not seem to tally with the corresponding plates of column 1.

It is, however, difficult to see the suture between the second

and third plates, and these may really be but a single plate.

The plate at the beginning of column 38 displays part of

the outer surface, and this is covered with small secondary

tubercles. A primary tubercle, if borne by the plate, is not

seen on this exposed part.

The initial plate of column 5 bears a circular depression

with central elevation, and this may be caused by the pres-

sure of a scrobiculate primary tubercle on its underlying

outer face.

Of the Ambulacra, B is the better preserved. The notches

in the primordial interambulacral indicate that the first of

the coronal ambulacrals has been removed. Reckoning this,

we note in this column a five ambulacrals stretching to the

perradius and alternating with five of the adjoining column d.

Their width increases from 7°6 mm. to 8'9 mm. These are

succeeded by a row of four ambulacrals, and then, oddly

enough, the next row consists of only two very wide plates

(a being 9°2 mm. wide). After this the succession of four

columns reappears and, so far as can be seen, continues

regularly (a, a’, 0’, 6).

In the right half of Ambulacrum D there was likewise a

series of five plates before the column divided into two. In

AA. Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin.

the third row of double plates there is some irregularity,

suggestive of a change to three columns instead of two; but

this does not seem to continue,and probably should be

regarded as an accidental abnormality.

The inner surface of the ambulacrals is divided into two

fields by a transverse elevation, which arises gradually at

the outer end (next the interradius), but becomes more pro-

minent at its inner end where it bends round to meet the

corresponding ridge of the adjacent ambulacral in the next

column. These ridges are stouter in the ambulacrals nearer

the peristome, and in ambulacrum B those of column a are

seen bending adapically so as to meet the adorally bending

ridges of the plates in column }. This increased stoutness

of the ambulacrals and the apposition of their ridges afforded

additional support to the peristomial frame.

May we not see here the beginnings of a regular perignathic

girdle? The low ridges bordering the adoral notches of the

primordial interambulacral suggest incipient apophyses, and

these elevations of the adoral ambulacrals may have served

for the attachment of the retractor muscles. They are con-

spicuous structures even in the fossil, where they are broken,

but in a perfect specimen they would have been still more

conspicuous. ‘The auricles of later echinoids are separated

from the ambulacrals on which they rest by a suture, but

these processes are part of the ambulacrals. That, perhaps,

does not forbid the hypothesis of their subsequent separa-

tion. If, as in Lepidesthes (Jackson, 1912, pl. 68. fig. 3),

the ambulacrals flowed down on to the peristome, then the

attachment of the retractors must have kept moving from

the processes of one row of plates to those of the succeeding

row. So awkward an arrangement may have been super-

seded by the separation of the processes and their conversion

into true auricles. It is hard to believe that the auricles

originated later as independent elements, and the suggestion

that they were modified from pre-existing subambulacral

elements (e. g., floor-plates) does not appear to me to be

supported by adequate evidence from the fossils.

From the transverse ridge the ambulacral plate slopes to

its adapical margin, which is flattened out in a slight flange-

like rim. On the other side the plate slopes to its adoral

margin, passing under the next plate (as seen from the

inside).

The Ambulacral Pores lie on the adoral side of the trans-

verse ridge, a little to the outer side of the median meridional

line of the plate. They appear in many cases to be very

close to the adoral margin of the plate; this, however, is

ae ee el

Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin. 45

largely due to the imbrication of the ambulacrals. If the

same plates were viewed from the outside the pores would

in any case not be so near the edge; but, further than this,

the pore-canals slope slightly from inside to outside in an

adapical direction, so that they would have opened on the

outside still nearer the middle transverse line of the plate.

The pore-pair opens on the inside at the bottom of a slight

depression, one side of which forms part of the transverse

ridge. The long axes of these internal peripodia lie at an

angle to the perradius, the inner pore being more adoral in

position than the outer. The adradial end of the peripodial

rim is depressed, presumably for the passage of the side-

branch from the radial water-vessel which passed to each

pore-pair behind the transverse ridge of the adjoining orad

ambulacral. In the case of the two or three ambulacrals

nearest the peristome this passage is quite arched over by

the above-described processes; and it looks as though the

radial vessel were also covered by these processes when they

were complete. This latter arrangement increases the re-

semblance of the processes to auricles, and suggests that in

serial sections obtained by grinding down such a fossil

embedded in matrix the processes, especially if broken, might

possibly be interpreted as floor-plates.

A few Radioles are preserved on both faces of the speci-

men. The evidence that they belonged to this individual is

inconclusive, but they are of a character consonant with that

view. The one shown just above the numeral 4 in the text-

figure is probably a primary radiole, . It is 4°38 mm. long, has

a slightly enlarged base, and is almost smooth, with traces

of longitudinal fasciculate micro-structure. It closely re-

sembles, except in its smaller size, the primary radiole of

Pholidocidaris irregularis (Jackson, 1912, pl. 75. fig. 5).

The other fragments are rather thinner, but show the longi-

tudinal striation more plainly; they belong probably to

secondary radioles.

‘The minute Structure of the Stereom is visible under a

strong lens on several of the plates. In the ambulacrals it

is rather coarser and quite ‘irregular. In the imterambu-

lacrals it is finer, with the meshes arranged in regular,

though not necessarily straight, rows.

Systematic Position.

Following the Classification of R. T. Jackson (1912), and

using his Key (pp. 201-208), we note that the number of

columns of ambulacrals and interambulacrals, their strong

46 Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin.

imbrication, and the retention of the primordial interambu-

lacral in the basicoronal row, place the specimen without

doubt in the Lepidesthidae.

The number of ambulacral columns removes it from

Lepidechinus and Perischodomus, which have only 2 ; also

from Lepidesthes with its 8 columns, and from Meekechinus

with 20. Perischocidaris has 6 columns, a number which

might conceivably, though improbably, have been attained

by Protoechinus anceps; but the structure of both ambu-

lacrals and interambulacrals is quite different. Proterocidaris

has only 4 columns of ambulacrals, but, on the other hand,

it has “‘ many more columns of interambulacral plates than

are known in other genera of this family,” certainly very

many more than in Protoechinus and of quite different

character. F

Of described genera there remains only Pholidocidaris.

According to Dr. Jackson’s Key this has 4 to 6 ambulacral

columns, 5 to 6 interambulacral columns ; plates strongly

imbricating ; adoral ambulacrals much larger than those of

the adapical region. In the account of the genus on p. 433

it is added that the interambulacrals are large and scale-like.

All this agrees well with Austin’s specimen, which, if not

actually a Pholidocidaris, is at any rate “near to”’ it, as

Dr. Jackson himself (in litt.) concluded on the evidence of

a cast which I sent to him.

It is, however, not clear why Dr. Jackson assigns a

possible four columns to the ambulacral area of Pholido-

cidaris, considering that in P. gaudryi and P. irregularis

there are six columns; it is only in the dorsal (adapical)

region of an immature individual of the latter species that

four columns are noted, and there may have been more at

the ambitus. The ambulacral areas are unknown in P. tenuis

and P. acuaria (Whidborne, sub Protocidaris). Even if all

other species of Pholidocidaris had six columns to the area,

while Protoechinus anceps had only four, this would not of

itself be enough for generic distinction.

Apart from this, P. anceps differs from P. irregularis Meek

& Worthen in the regular succession of its interambulacral

columns (though the irregularity observed in a specimen of

the latter species may be individual only), and in the appa-

rent differences of size between the various interambulacral

plates, those in the adoral region of P. irregularis being “ of

about the same size” (Jackson). In P.irregularis the pore-

pairs of the adoral region are ‘‘ about in the middle of each

plate’’; vague though this statement is, I scarcely think

that Dr. Jackson would have applied it to P. anceps.

From Pholidocidaris tenuis 'Tornquist, known only from

—

Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin. 47

scattered plates, P. anceps differs in the less regular shape

and less width, both relatively and absolutely, of its inter-

ambulacral plates; also in the less height, relatively and

absolutely, of its ambulacrals. It is worth noting here that

Jackson has referred to P. tenuis a specimen from Coplaw,

Clitheroe (Mus. Pract. Geol., 16,304).

Pholidocidaris acuaria (Whidborne) is so imperfectly

known that no comparison is possible ; but since it comes

from the Upper Devonian (Pilton Beds) it is unlikely to be

the same species as P. anceps.

Pholidocidaris gaudryi Julien is also known only from

fragmentary imprints of plates and radioles, which cannot

be compared. The possession of six ambulacral columns

seems, however, to constitute a difference.

CoNnCLUSION.

Protoechinus anceps may therefore be referred to the family

Lepidesthidae, genus Pholidocidaris.

Since Austin’s description has proved to be quite unre-

cognizable, the name Protoechinus, though of earlier date,

cannot possibly supplant Pholidocidaris Meek & Worthen,

1869.

If the specimen could be proved to belong to any species

of Pholidocidaris hitherto described, the name anceps also

would have to give way. Since, however, it appears to be

specifically distinct I propose to retain the name, denoting

the species as

Pholidocidaris anceps.

Diagnosis—A Pholidocidaris with 4 columns to the ambu-

lacral area; adoral ambulacrals of both the double and the

quadruple series more than twice as wide as high, fairly stout,

with pore-pairs outside the median meridional line and orad of

the median transverse line, sloping from the perradial end in

an adapical direction, with 5 (? 6) columns to the inter-

ambulacral area; adoral ambulacrals thin, irregular in

outline, but width not more than 2/3 height, except in the

primordial plate, which is about as wide as high.

This diagnosis, being based only on the internal surface

of the adoral region, is of course incomplete. The real

interest of the specimen lies in its structural features.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

The Holotype of Pholidocidaris anceps, from a photograph by Herbert

G. Herring, enlarged to two diameters. The unnatural appear- »

ance of the shadow below the specimen is not due to Mr.

Herring’s excellent photograph.

Dr. F. A. Bather on Protoéchinus, Austin.

HdALOIOY

ulysny SdFONV

SQNIHOZOLOUg

DVOls Thee ie

Amn. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser.

BATHER.

‘“SdAONY SNNIHOAOLOYd

On the Braconidee in the British Museum. 49

VII. — Notes on the Braconide in the British Museum.—

II. On the Australian Species of Cardiochiline and

Doryctine. By Row ann E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Subfamily Carprocurzrv#, Ashm.

Genus Carpiocuies, Nees.

Key to the Australian Species.

vec

1. Hind metatarsus distinctly broadened, not

cylindrical; head and abdomen black,

the basal abdominal segment sometimes

MBCA Bits .rope aston ihre NES fae eee: 2.

Hind metatarsus cylindrical; head and abdo-

men mostly red or fulvous ............ 3.

2. Thorax and abdomen entirely black ........ C. assimilator, Turn.

Thorax and basal abdominal segment red.... C. dissimudator, Turn,

apm vertex entirely blacks os... 0.08 adsasee toes C. verticalis, Turn.

Woertex:rod onifulvouscs : <n can cr ss oa eee

4, Wings strongly infuscate on the apical third;

costa and basal half of stigma yellowish . C. rufator, Roman.

Wings uniformly subhyaline; costa and

stigma fuscous, a yellowish spot at the

base.of the stigma, . 052. 0 ce as bee's C. uniformis, Turn.

Cardiochiles assimilator, sp. n.

2. Nigra; femoribus anticis apice, tibiis anticis subtus, tarsisque

anticis et intermediis, unguiculis exceptis, albido-brunneis ; cal-

earibus albis; alis fusco-hyalinis, tertio apicali fuscis, stigmate

venisque nigris ; mandibulis fusco-ferrugineis.

3. Femine similis, tarsis intermediis nigris; alis fuscis uni-

coloribus.

Long. 6 mm.

2. Head nearly as broad as the thorax; antennz 387-

jointed, the second joint of the flagellum distinctly longer

than the third. Vertex and face shining, minutely punc-

tured, the cheeks a little shorter than the breadth of the

mandibles at their base. Thorax minutely punctured,

shining, the notauli crenulated. Pubescence white, long,

and rather close on the sides of the scutellum and on the

dorsal surface of the median segment; the enclosed area of

the median segment ovate, rather narrow, the longitudinal

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 4

50 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

carina on each side further at the base from the enclosed

area than from the lateral margin of the segment. Abdo-

men smooth and shining ; sheath of the ovipositor short and

broad, subtruncate at the apex, scarcely one-third of the

length of the abdomen. Hind metatarsus somewhat

broadened, especially at the base, not cylindrical. Neura-

tion as in C. saltator, Fabr., but the distance between the

nervulus and the basal nervure is only one-quarter of

the length of the first discoidal cell on the discoideus, not

one-third as in saltator.

Hab. Kuranda, N. Queensland (Turner), May 19138;

Mackay, Queensland (Turner) (type), March to May 1900,

August 1891].

The wings are hyaline on the basal half in the specimen

from Kuranda. ‘This species is very nearly related to

C. fuscipennis, Szép., and C. fasciatus, Szép., from New

Guinea, and may prove to be only a race of one of them,

but the descriptions are very brief. C. piliventris, Caif.,

and C. trichiosoma, Cam., from Waigiou, are also very

closely related.

Cardiochiles dissimulator, sp. u

@. Nigra, thorace, segmento mediano, segmentoque dorsali primo

area mediana rufis; clypeo, mandibulis, apice excepto, palpis

apice, femoribus anticis apice, tibiis anticis, tibiis intermediis

subtus et basi, tarsisque anticis et intermediis ferrugineis; cal-

caribus albidis; alis hyalinis, apice ad medium stigmatis fortiter

infuscatis, venis nigris.

Long. 5 mm.

?. This is very similar to the last species, except in

colour, and may possibly be a variety, but the sheath of the

ovipositor is distinctly shorter, being scarcely more than

one-quarter of the length of the abdomen, and the enclosed

area on the median segment is a little broader and distinctly

rhomboidal. The pubescence on the dorsal surface of the

median segment and the sides of the scutellum is much

shorter and more sparse. ‘The antenne are 37-jointed.

Hab. ‘Thursday Island, Queensland (Turner), May 1902.

In all Australian species of the genus here described the

radius beyond the second transverse cubital nervure and also

that nervure itself are only indicated, not fully developed as

in the Huropean C. saltator, Fabr. This condition, however,

appears to be common in the genus, C. saltator seeming to

be rather exceptional.

Braconide in the British Museum. 51

Cardiochiles verticalis, sp. n.

©. Fulva; antennis, vertice latissime, segmento dorsali sexto

macula apicali, valvulis terebre, tibiis posticis apice extremo,

tarsis posticis, unguiculisque nigris; alis flavo-hyalinis, apice ad

medium stigmatis fortiter infuscatis, venis basi flavis, apice

infuscatis.

Long. 6 mm.

?. Head distinctly broader than the thorax, not narrowed

behind the eyes, distinctly narrowed anteriorly, face minutely

and not very closely punctured; cheeks a little more than

half as long as the breadth of the mandibles at their base.

Antenne 41-jointed, stout, setaceous, second joint of the

flagellum shorter than the scape and no longer than the

third joint. Notauli deep and smooth; median segment

finely rugulose, with an enclosed ovate area in the middle,

on each side of which, halfway to the lateral margin of the

segment, is a longitudinal carma. Abdomen almost smooth,

the punctures microscopic; the sheath of the ovipositor

nearly half as long as the abdomen, deflexed, broadened,

obliquely truncate at the apex. The nervulus is received

much nearer to the basal nervure than in saltator, Fabr., or

rufator, Roman, the distance between them being scarcely

more than one-fifth of the lower margin of the first

discoidal cell.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner), January 1900.

This is near rufator, Roman, but the colour-differences

are considerable, and the ovipositor seems to be longer, and

the comparative length of the basal joints of the antennez is

different. The male has the apical half of the hind femora,

the hind tibiz, except a spot at the base, and the hind tarsi

black.

Cardiochiles uniformis, sp. n.

Q. Fulva; mandibulis apice extremo, antennis, mesosterno apice,

segmentis dorsalibus quarto, quinto, sextoque macula mediana,

valvulis terebrze, tibiis posticis apice, tarsis posticis incisuris

fulvis, unguiculisque nigris; mesonoto fasciis longitudinalibus

4 brunneis; alis pallidissime fusco-hyalinis; stigmate fusco,

basi macula parva flava; venis fuscis, apice pallidis.

3S. Femine similis; vertice fascia lata curvata utrinque circum

ocellos, mesonoti fasciis, segmentoque septimo dorsali macula

mediana nigris.

Long. 5 mm.

Mr. R. E. Turner on the

?. Head a little broader than the thorax, minutely and

not very closely punctured, cheeks about as long as the

breadth of the mandibles at their base. Antennze setaceous,

second joint of the flagellum as long as the scape, a little

longer than the third joint ; 35 joints in the antenne in

both sexes. Notauli smooth at the base, distinctly crenu-

lated posteriorly ; dorsal surface of the median segment very

feebly rugulose, occupied by a very broad cordiform area.

Abdomen smooth and shining; sheath of the ovipositor

truncate at the apex, broadened from the base, about one-

third of the length of the abdomen. Nervulus separated

from the basal nervure by a distance not exceeding one-

fifth of the length of the first discoidal cell on the

discoideus.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner), February to April

1900.

There is much variation in the size and intensity of the

black marks on the vertex and mesonotum in both sexes,

the female occasionally having a small spot on each side

close to the posterior ocelli and the male often having the

vertex entirely fulvous. The female has the marks on the

mesonotum either black or brown. This seems to be closely

allied to C. rufator, Roman, differing in the colour of the

wings, the position of the nervulus, and the number of joints

in the antenne. The latter character may vary.

Cardiochiles rufator, Roman.

Cardiochiles rufator, Roman, Arkiv f. Zool. ix. 9, p. 17 (1915).

Hab. Kimberley, N.W. Australia.

I have not seen this species.

The species with cylindrical hind metatarsi would come

into Cameron’s genus Ernestiella, which was formed for the

Ceylon species nxigromaculata, Cam., which is closely allied

to the Australian species, but I cannot regard the distine-

tions as of generic importance. Cameron himself some

years after publishing the name Lrnestiella described an

allied Indiau species as Cardiochiles fulvus. I consider that

Schinlandiella, Cam., founded on a South African species, is

also a synonym of Cardiochiles.

Braconidee in the British Museum. aS

Subfamily Dorrcrrvz.

Key to the Australian Genera of the Doryctine.

1. Hind coxee with a long spine; parapsidal

furrows obsolete; a strongly curved

nervure springing from the apical angle

of the mediellan cell and dividing the

discoidellan cell “{eiieewa tenant oe nts Lnodoryctes, Szép.

Hind coxe unarmed; parapsidal furrows

well developed; discoidellan cell not

divided by a curved nervure........ 2.

. Pronotum armed with an upright spine o on

each side, the first and basal area of the

second tergite longitudinally striated .. Acanthodoryctes, Turn.

Pronotum unarmed; basal tergite longer

than broad, sparsely punctured ; second

tergite SOO. Se hae Syngaster, Brullé.

Key to the Species of Liodoryctes.

1. Second tergite smooth ; mesonotum reddish. 2.

Second tergite finely longitudinally striated

on the basal area; mesonotum black .. LZ. nigrodorsalis, Turn.

2. Ovipositor very distinetly shorter than the :

abdomen; median segment black...... L. erythrothoraax, Turn.

Ovipositor at least as long as the abdomen,

median segment Toddish ete At as he)

5, Head yellowish redit? 3.6 Sts... 895. an L, australiensis, Szép.

Etcad@ blacks jostisn iat cctaad atc GFareretel siete she mEdeha Rarer cepa rn.

Liodoryctes nigridorsalis, sp. n.

@. Fulvo-brunnea; mandibulis apice, antennis, pronoto, meso-

noto, scutello, propleuris, mesopleuris, tarsis articulo apicali,

mrochanterioad intermediis subtus, coxisque posticis nigris;

capite, segmento mediano, abdomine subtus, segmento doreali

primo, sesmentoque dorsal secundo laneenas flavis ; alis fusco-

hyalinis, basi flavidulis, venis fusco-ferrugineis, stigmate flavo ;

terebra abdomine paullo- longiore, nigra.

Long. 9 mm., tereb. long. 5 mm.

?. Face below the base of the antennz rugulose ; front

shallowly concave between the anterior ocellus and the base

of the antennz. Thorax smooth and shining ; median seg-

ment covered with very large punctures. First tergite more

than half as broad again at the apex as long, irregularly and

54 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

finely longitudinally striated, with punctures between the

strie in the middle; curved basal area of second tergite

finely longitudinally striated, the apex almost smooth.

Ovipositor longer than the abdomen by about one-fifth.

Intermediate tarsi a little shorter than the tibie; hind

coxe with two spines, the basal one leng and whitish, the

apical one very small and black.

Hab. Port Darwin (Turner), December.

Differs from australiensis, Szép., in the colour of the

thorax, in tlhe much more extensive striation of the first

tergite, in the striation of the basal area of the second

tergite which is wholly smooth in australiensis, and in the

colour of the stigma.

Liodoryctes erythrothoraz, sp. n.

@. Flavidula; mandibulis apice, antennis, prothorace, segmento

mediano, segmentis dorsalibus quinto sequentibusque, terebree

valvulis, coxis intermediis posticisque, trochanteribusque posticis

nigris ; mesothorace, scutello, postscutello, maculaque basali seg-

menti mediani rufis ; alis fusco-hyalinis, venis basi fuscis, apice

testaceis ; stigmate testaceo, margine costali late fusco ; terebra

ferruginea.

3. Femine simillimus.

Long., 9 9-10 mm., d 6 mm.

?. Very similar to australiensis, differing in the shorter

ovipositor, which is distinctly shorter than the abdomen, in

the colour of the thorax and median segment, and in the

wholly black spine of the hind coxe.

3. The whole second tergite is closely and finely longi-

tudinally striated; the first tergite less regularly striated,

with punctures intermingled, but more distinctly striated

than in the female; the apical tergites very closely and

finely punctured. ‘The apical half of the spine of the hind

coxe is yellow. ‘The wings are paler than in the female, the

stigma almost entirely dull testaceous,

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner), January and

February.

Liodoryctes atriceps, sp. n.

9. Ferruginea; capite, coxis intermediis posticisque, tarsis articulo

apicali, segmentis dorsalibus tribus apicalibus, valvulisque terebree

nigris, pedibus intermediis posticisque fuscis ; abdomine brunneo,

subtus flavo, segmento dorsali primo basi, segmentoque secundo

Braconidee in the British Museum. 55

lateribus flavis; alis pallide fuscis, stigmate venisque nigris ;

terebra abdomine paullo longiore.

Long. 11 mm. ; terebre long. 5} mm.

?. Very similar to australiensis, and erythrothoraz,

differing trom both in the black head and in the more

distinct longitudinal striation of the first tergite. The

spine of the hind coxe is pale, not black as in

erythrothorax.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner).

Liodoryctes australiensis, Szép.

Acanthobracon australiensts, Szép. Termes. Fiizetek. xxv. p. 48

(1902). ¢. i

Neotrimorus australiensis, Szép. Wytsman’s Genera Insect. xxii.,

Braconide, p. 64 (1904),

Liodoryctes australiensis, Szép. Ann. Mus, Nat. Hungar. iv. p. 599

(1906).

This species is variable in colour, the tergites are usually

fulvous brown, with the basal segment and sides of the

second pale yellowish, but in a specimen taken by me at

Kuranda in May 1913 the brown is replaced by black.

Ovipositor distinctly longer than abdomen.

Hab. Cooktown (D. Le Souef).; Kuranda and Mackay

(Turner).

Genus ACANTHODORYCTES, gen, nov.

Front strongly concave between the anterior ocellus and

the base of the antenne ; pronotum depressed, armed with

two spines; basal half of the scutellum depressed and

coarsely striated ; first tergite as broad at the apex as long,

coarsely longitudinally striated, second tergite punctured-

striate on the rounded basal area; second abscissa of the

radius about twice as long as the second transverse cubital

nervure ; radial cell of hind wing not divided, discoidellan

cell not divided. Ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen,

Key to the Species of Acanthodoryctes.

1, Spines of the pronotum strong, upright, and

acute; median segment covered with close-

lying hairs, without carinee on the basal

ali Maced Yellow «. y4.< «+ 29) qos - A, morleyt, Froge,

Spines of the pronotum reduced to tubercles ; ;

56 On the Braconidee tn the British Museum.

median segment without close-lying hairs,

with two strong carine from base to apex;

eRe DLAC” yee em crcl shai hts ter eee A, gilberti, Turn.

Type of the genus, Iphiaulax morleyi, Frogg.

Acanthodoryctes gilberti, sp. n.

2. Rufo-testacea; capite pedibusque nigris; segmento dorsali

primo pallide flavo; segmentis ventralibus albidis, lateribus

nigro-marginatis ; alis fuscis, venis nigris, stigmate fusco-

ferrugineo.

Long. 8 mm.; terebre long. 3 mm.

?. Face finely punctured, sparsely clothed with long

cinereous hairs. Pronotum slightly concave, margined,

with a short carina from the hind margin to the middle,

a small acute tubercle on each side; parapsidal furrows dis-

tinct. Postscutellum with three strong longitudinal carine ;

median segment with two strong longitudinal carine from

base to apex. First tergite about as broad at the apex as

long, coarsely longitudinally striated, the sides with a deep

broad longitudinal groove between carine, two longitudinal

carine from the base converging towards the apex, the apical

half of the segment with short irregular longitudinal striz ;

second suture distinct ; second tergite with a broadly rounded

basal area, which is longitudinally striated at the base, punc-

tured at the apex. Sheath of the ovipositor black. Second

abscissa of the radius a little less than twice as long as the

second transverse cubital nervure.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (G. Turner), April.

Acanthodoryetes morleyi, Froge.

Iphiaulax morleyi, Frogg. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales,

XXvii. p. 566 (1916). 9. ~

?. This is a larger species than A. gilberti and differs

much in colour, the head being yellow, the mesonotum,

scutellum, and postscutellum ferruginous, the pronotum

and pleure black; the median segment and three basal

abdominal segments brown, the apical segments black ; the

legs brown, variegated with black. The second abscissa of

the radius is more than twice as long as the second trans-

verse cubital nervure ; the spines of the pronotum are strong

and erect. Median segment punctured reticulate, with two

longitudinal carine on the apical slope; first tergite almost

On the Asilide of Australia. 57

as broad at the apex as long, longitudinally striated, with a

distinct median carina, and two longitudinal carinz on the

sides, the space between the latter increasing in breadth

towards the apex and covered with close-lying yellowish-

white hairs. The male has the four basal tergites rugose.

Hab. The East Coast of Australia as far north as

Townsville, and inland as far as Hermannsburg, Northern

Territory.

The South-American genus Binarea has a single spine on

the pronotum and has the radial cell of the hind wing

divided, the sculpture is also very different.

A. morleyi was submitted by Froggatt to C. Morley before

description, and placed in Jphiaulag on his authority.

Genus Synecaster, Brullé.

Brullé described two species from Australia, S. /epida and

S. annulicornis. The former is a fairly common species in

S.E. Australia and Tasmania, and ranges as far north as

Townsville. The white median segment and first tergite are

very conspicuous. In the typical form the legs are black,

but a variety taken by Mr. Froggatt at Narrabeen, N.S.W.,

has the femora, tibize, and tarsi red. I have not seen speci-

mens of S. annulicornis, and am doubtful ifit belongs to the

same genus. .

Doubtless other genera of Doryctine will be recorded

from Australia when larger collections are available.

VIIL.— Further Notes on the Asilide of Australia.

By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

From small collections of Asilidee sent me by Mr. C. Gibbons

and Mr. Frank Taylor for identification the following

descriptions of new species and notes on old species are taken,

with the addition of any new material in the Brit. Mus. Coll.

The types are almost all presented to the Brit. Mus. Coll. by

the kindness of the two above-named gentlemen.

Dasyrogonina.

Bathypogon testaceovittatus, 8 2, Macq. Dipt. Exot., Suppl.

v. p. 70, pl. il. fig. 1 (Dasypogon).

Two females from Sydney (C. Gibbons) I believe belong

to the above species.

58 Miss G. Ricardo on the

These females agree with the description with the exception

of the bristles on the tarsi, which are black, not white as

stated by Macquart, but the rounded angle of the anterior

branch of the fourth vein emitted from the discai cell is

present, though not quite so exaggerated as given in the

figure; the white hairs below the first two joints of the

antenne are here more reddish and black. Forehead with

black bristly hairs. Thorax with white tomentum on the

testaceous sides. Preesutural bristles three in number—one

supraalar, two postalar,—all black, and three or four weak

dorso-central bristles on each side, pubescence on dorsum

black and numerous. Scutellum brown, with grey tomentum

and four black bristles on its posterior border. Abdomen

with two black bristles on each side of the first segment ;

dorsum with short white pubescence, and the usual circle of

spines at apex. Femora and tibiee with short white pubes-

cence also present on the first joint of the tarsi and partly on

the other joints ; all the legs with numerous black bristles.

Bathypogon brachypterus, Macq. Dipt. Exot. i. pt. 2, p. 160,

pl. ili. fig. 3 [| Dasypogon] (1838); id. Suppl. ii. p. 50

[ Dasypogon] (1846) ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) ix. pp. 151, 152 (1913).

A male and female from Queensland and a female from

Sydney have a good many black bristles on the legs, and the

four bristles on the scutellum are black, not yellow. Others

from Queensland have the pale colour of the legs more yellow

than red, and are smaller in size.

This appears to be a rather variable species, differing in

size and general appearance.

NEODIOCTRIA, gen. nov.

Established for one species from Sydney which has a

superficial resemblance to Dioctria wlandica, of Kurope, but

is at once distinguished by the shape of the antennee, which

are not situated on a projection, and the first two joints are

almost equal in length, in other respects the characteristics

of the genus are very similiar to those of Dioctria, the abdo-

men ig slender. Wings large. Legs slender and nearly

bare. Scutellum with no bristles, moustache on tace almost

confined to the oral margin.

Asilidee of Australia. 59

Neodioctria australis sp. n.

; » Sp

Type (male) from Sydney in Gibbons Coll.

Type (female) in Brit. Mus. Coll. from Australia, and

other males and females in Gibbons Coll., all from Sydney.

A handsome reddish-yellow species with large black spots

on the thorax and the abdomen. Legs reddish yellow, the

hind pair largely black. Weéngs blackish.

Length, ¢ 15-20, 2 15-20 mm.

Male.— Face brownish, covered with golden-yellow to-

mentum ; moustache consists of yellow bristly hairs round

the oral margin and continued above, but not reaching the

middle of the face. Beaid golden yellow. Palpi black,

with black hairs and a few reddish ones at apex. Antenne

black, longer than the head (depth), the first two joints

similar in shape, and almost the same length, with black

hairs and bristles below, the thirdejoint longer than the first

two joints together, with a short obtuse spine at apex. ore-

head black, with a few black hairs. Hind part of head

bordered with strong reddish-yellow bristles, collar also with

same-coloured longer bristles. Thorax reddish yellow, the

large black spot covering almost all the dorsum produced

anteriorly, so that the shoulders are reddish yellow; there

are three preesutural reddish-yellow bristles and two similar

supraalar bristles; dorsum almost bare; a few short black

hairs are discernible on the median line, on shoulders, and at

sides; breast-sides bright reddish yellow, with some yellow

tomentum. Scutellum same colour, bare, with a very few

short black hairs on dorsum. Abdomen with a large oblong

black spot on each segment forming a stripe, though each |

spot has rounded angles posteriorly, and the first segment is

almost entirely black, its posterior border being reddish

yellow at the sides only ; underside almost entirely pale

yellow. Genitalia small, with black hairs and a few short

yellow ones. Legs reddish yellow, the hind femora black

except at their extreme base, and the hind tibiz black on the

apical two-thirds ; tarsi except the first joint chiefly black ;

the femora are slightly incrassate, bare, with some very short

black pubescence; all the tibiae with reddish-yellow stout

bristles and black short pubescence ; the tarsi with the same

bristles, the hind pair with some black ones. Wangs blackish

grey, veins black, all the cells open, the fourth slightly

narrower at border and the anal cell very narrow at border,

the small transverse vein at the middle of the discal cell,

Female identical, the presutural bristles one less in number

60 Miss G. Ricardo on the

and the supraalar apparently one more in number; the

seventh segment of abdomen is entirely yellowish in the type

only, the last segment greyish yellow with a fringe of red

short spines. The hind tibize are only black on the apical

third in the type only ; the small transverse vein of wing is

beyond the middle of the discal cell. Wengs in both sexes

with very small alule, as in species of Dioctria.

Neosaropogon nigrinus, 8, sp. n.

Type (male) and three other males from Kuranda, Queens-

land (FF, P. Dodd), and two in Mr. Taylor’s Coll. from

Queensland.

A handsome species, nearly allied to WV. claripennis,

Ricardo, but distinguished by the darker abdomen, antenne,

and tarsi.

Length 18 mm. *

Face covered with golden-yellow tomentum. Moustaclie

composed of long stout yellowish bristles round the oral

opening. Palpr black with black pubescence. Beard

yellowish. Antenne blackish, the third joint nearly three

times as long as the first two joints together, ending in an

obtuse knob on its lower border at apex. orehead same as

face, with black hairs at sides and on ocelligerous tubercle ;

bristles at vertex round head are black, then yellowish hairs.

Thorax blackish, the shoulders and sides covered with yellow

tomentum, sides with black hairs. Presutural bristles two

in number, stout and long; two supraalar and two postalar

bristles, two very stout long dorso-central bristles, and a few

short finer ones intermixed ; dorsum of thorax nearly bare, a

few fulvous hairs are discernible. Scuted/um with two black

bristles, covered with yellow tomentum. Abdomen long and

slender, blackish, with dull fulvous spots on the sides, and the

last three segments are almost wholly reddish yellow; geni-

talia rather large, black above and reddish yellow below, with

long yellowish tuft-like hairs; dorsum with very fine

yellowish pubescence, not at all prominent, sides of first

segment with yellow hairs and three or four usually reddish

bristles; underside of abdomen dark. Legs reddish yellow,

the fore femora with a broad black stripe on their upper

sides, the others with a less well-marked dark stripe; tibie

bright yellow with black apices; and all the tarsi black ;

femora with long yellow hairs below and short black pubes-

cence on dorsum ; tibize with fringes of yellow hairs at sides

and on the pale parts and black pubescence at apex, and

Asilidee of Australia. 61

armed with fairly numerous black bristles ; tarsi with stout

black bristles. Wings as long as the abdomen, clear, pale

yellowish at the extreme base; veins brown, the first vein

from the discal cell bulges moderately into the first posterior

cell; the small transverse vein is on the apical third of the

discal cell ; fourth posterior cell open but very narrow at the

border, anal cell the same.

LDAPHRINZ.

Nusa queensland’, 8, sp. n.

Type (male) from Stannary Hills, N. Queensland, circa

3000 feet (Dr. T. LZ. Baneroft), 1909, 145.

The only species of this genus recorded from Australia is

N. tectamus, Wlk., a large species distinguished by the grey

hairs at base of abdomen. ‘This is a blue-black shining

species considerably smaller, and the abdomen is bare. Legs

with white and black pubescence.

Length 16 mm.

Face black, with white tomentum at sides. Moustache

consists of stout black bristles, with long white hairs below

and white hairs at sides of face. Palpi black, with some

short reddish hairs at apex. Antenne blackish brown, the

first two joints with black hairs below and a strong black

bristle on underside of the second joint. orehead with black

bristles on the central tubercle and whitish hairs at sides and

round head, and one black bristle each side. Prothorax

armed with a circlet of black bristles. Thorax with some

sparse black pubescence, shoulders greyish white. Scutellum

the same, with a fringe of weak black bristles on its poste-

rior border. Abdomen with a white spot at the side of the

second, third, and fourth segments, two stout black bristles

on side of second segment, and one on nearly all the remaining

segments, with black hairs at sides and white ones on the

pale spots. Genitalia prominent, with black and yellow

hairs. Legs blackish, with black pubescence, the femora

with some white hairs, the tibia with chiefly white hairs and

with black bristles, the tarsi armed with numerous strong

black bristles. Wings brownish, paler on posterior border,

the tirst posterior cell closed near the border, fourth and anal

cell also closed.

A female or male from Hidswold, Queensland, though

much smaller (only measuring 12 mm.), appears to be iden-

tical with this male, though the white pubescence on the legs

62 Miss G. Ricardo on the

is not so marked; the end-segment of abdomen being

destroyed, it is not possible to determine the sex; the first

posterior cell of wing is very narrow, but not absolutely

closed.

A SILINaE.

Dysmachus rudis, Walker, List Dipt. vii., Suppl. 3, p. 737,

254 (1855) [ Astlus] ; Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) xi. p. 422 (1911); White, R. 8S. Tasmania, p. 172

(1916).

This has been placed in a new genus T'richoitamus by the

late Mr. A. White, who draws attention to the difference in

the ovipositor from Dysmachus, the lamelle being free, not

wedged in as in the last-named genus. Owing to the War,

Mr. White’s paper has not yet been forwarded to this country,

but owing to his brother’s kindness I have had the MS. to

study.

Mr. Gibbons sent me males and females of this species

from Sydney. These differ somewhat from the type in the

colour of the legs, which are darker, the tibize only dull red

at the base, not reddish yellow on the basal two-thirds, and

the first joint of tarsi is black, not yellow ; the whole insect

is darker than Walker’s type. The female has a short

ovipositor, not including the seventh segment, though it is

much compressed laterally.

In the Brit. Mus. Coll. a female from Mangalore, Tas-

mania, presented by A. White, has the legs very similar to

those of the type, and the moustachie has white hairs below

the black ones ; in the specimens from Sydney the moustache

is wholly black.

Cerdistus australis, 8 2, sp. n.

Type (male) and two other males, type (female) ; all from

Sydney. In Mr. Gibbons’s Coll.

A small black species distinguished from Cerdistus maricus,

Wik., and Cerdistus sydneyensis, Schiner, by the entirely

black legs in the males. Schiner’s species has the wings

tinged with grey, which does not appear in this species.

Length 13 mm.

Male.—Face blackish brown, with a little white tomentum

at sides and below. ‘Tubercle small, with moustache com-

posed of black bristles and some white ones below. Beard

Asilide of Australia. 63

white. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with black

hairs. Forehead with black hairs. Thorax brownish, with

grey tomentum and with black stripes, the median one broad,

the side ones shorter ; dorsum covered with short black hairs

and long black bristles posteriorly, one or two are white.

Scutellum with two white bristles on its outer border. Abdo-

men black, with grey segmentations, those on the second and

third segments broadest ; pubescence on dorsum black, hairs

at sides white and black with white and black bristles; geni-

talia black, with black hairs and long black bristles. Legs

black, the fore femora with long white pubescence and bristly

white hairs, the middle and hind pair with shorter white

pubescence and bristles ; fore tibize with two long black bristles

on outer side and other black aud white shorter bristles ;

pubescence white, rufous on the inside, middle and hind pair

with white and black bristles; tarsi with black bristles only.

Wings clear, small vein beyond the middle of discal cell.

Female is identical, but the fore and middle tibize are

obscurely reddish, and the white bristles of the moustache are

rather more numerous ; ovipositor nearly as long as the last

two segments together.

Cerdistus sydneyensis, Schiner, ‘ Novara’ Reise, Dipt. p. 187

(1868).

One male and one female from Sydney, in Mr. Gibbons’s

Coll.

One male from Hornsby, in Mr. Gibbons’s Coll.

This is a small species distinguished by the reddish-yellow

bases of tibize and femora; the bristles on the legs are largely

white, most numerous on the underside of the hind femora ;

the two bristles on margin of scutellum are black, the bristles

on sides of abdomen black.

The type was described as from Sydney.

Cerdistus maricus, Walker, Insecta Saunders, Dipt. i. p. 141

(1851) ; id. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. vii., Suppl. 3, p. 735

(1855); Ricardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 436

(o13).

In my description of the above the two weak yellow long

bristles on scutellum are present on the specimen from

Queensland (a female) ; in the type (a male) they are black.

Another female in Mr. Gibbons’s Coll. from Sydney has them

yellow.

6+ Miss G. Ricardo on the

Neottamus gibhonsi, 9, sp. n.

ei)

Type (male) in Brit. Mus. Coll., presented by C. Gibbons,

20. 2. 16, from Sydney.

Ty pe (female) from Sydney, and other males and females

from the same place and by the same collector.

This species will not belong strictly to this genus, as the

ovipositor of the female, though long, does not include the

sixth or seventh segment ; but, as remarked by the late

Mr. Arthur White in his last paper, species from Australia

placed in this genus are many of them not typical and may

require later to be removed to a new genus peculiar to

Australia.

It is a large species nearly allied to my Neottamus hyali-

pennis, but distinzuished from it by the. ovipositor not in-

cluding the seventh segment, by the moustache being wholly

black, ‘and the base of the hind femora more or less reddish

yellow.

Length, ¢ 16-17, 2? 18-24 mm.

Male.—Face with a very large tubercle, blackish with pale

tomentum, thickest at the sides. Moustache composed of

many short black bristles. Palpt black, with white hairs.

Beard white. Antenne black, the first two joints and the

forehead with black bristly hairs. Thorax with the usual

stripes very distinct, the middle one not divided and the side

ones continued from the anterior border to the posterior

border ; the presutural, supraalar, and postalar bristles each

two innumber ; dorso-central bristles numerous, some stout

and some hair-like, with short black hairs continued to anterior

border rather Dysmachus-like. Scutellum with at least two

stout black bristles, intermixed with finer hair-like ones

which also cover the dorsum. Abdomen blackish, with some

grey tomentum, and the segmentations grey; sides grey ;

the pubescence on dorsum is thick and black, but short, sides

with white hairs. Genitalia long and narrow, longer than

the last two segments together, shining black, with short

black hairs. Legs black, the hind femora reddish at their

extreme base, in some of the specimens this colour is ex-

tended ; the tibia reddish yellow for two-thirds of their

length; fore femora with long black and white hairs above

and below, the others with short black pubescence and black

bristles ; tibiee and tarsi with black bristles. Wengs clear,

the small transverse vein almost in the middle of the discal

cell, which is very narrow.

Female identical. The ovipositor, though not including

Asilide of Australia. 65

the seventh segment, is very long, almost the length of the

last four segments.

A male and female from Tasmania seem to belong to this

species ; the male has some white hairs in the moustache.

Neoitamus australis, $ 2, sp. n.

Type (male) and another, type (female) and another ;

all from Sydney (C. Gibbons).

A small species, distinguished from Neottamus varius,

Wik., by the white bristles on thorax and by its lighter

colouring. Legs reddish yellow, with black streaks. Mou-

stache pale yellow.

Length, ¢ 10-11, 2? 14 mm.

Male.—Face covered with silky yellow tomentum, tubercle

very small. Moustache composed of long bristle-like yellow

hairs. Antenne blackish brown. Postocular bristles pale.

Thorax covered with yellowish-grey tomentum, the stripes

dark blackish brown, the median one broad, not divided, but

becoming narrower posteriorly. The presutural bristles two

in number (one black, one white), one supraalar, one postalar,

both long and white in colour ; dorso-central bristles weak,

white, four in number; pubescence on dorsum scanty, black ;

a median line of hairs from the anterior border extends

beyond the suture composed of short but distinct hairs,

Seutellum with two long white bristles on its margin.

Abdomen.covered with grey tomentum and with a large black

spot on each segment; a long yellowish bristle at the side

of most of the segments, three longer ones between the fourth

and the fifth segments, and yellow hairs intermixed ; pubes-

cence on dorsum short, white. Genitalia large, black, with

black pubescence. Legs long, slender, the coxz black, the

femora reddish yellow on their basal halves with the exception

of the hind pair, which are black at their extreme base ; only

the middle and posterior ones have black bristles, and then

only few in number ; all have some soft hairs below ; tibice

reddish yellow, black at their apices, the tarsi on their antv-

rior joints reddish, then black; tibiee and tarsi with black

bristles. Wings grey, the small transverse vein beyond the

middle of the discal cell.

Female similar. Ovipositor includes only the seventh

segment, as in Veoitamus varius, which does not include tlie

sixth as stated by me in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi.

p- 432(1913), and in both species the seventh is only included

in a modified degree.

This species will belong to the late Mr, White’s subgenus

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i.

66 On the Asilide of Australia.

Rhabdotoitamus, formed by him for species of Neottamus with

the femora striped or partly yellow.

Ommatius distinctus, 2, sp. n.

Male (type) in Brit. Mus. Coll. from Townsville, Queens-

land (2. P. Dodd), 1904, 284; another in Mr. Gibbons’s

Coll. from Kidswold, Queensland ; another from Kuranda,

Queensland (7. P. Dodd), in Mr. Taylor’s Coll.; and a

female (type).

A species distinguished in the male by the dilated wing

and by the brown spot on apex of wing, which is absent in

the female. Moustache black and white. Legs yellowish,

with black stripes.

Length, ¢ 18-14, 9 13 mm.

Male.—Face with a fairly large tubercle, not, however, very

prominent, covered with whitish tomentum. Moustache

composed of whitish long bristly hairs and two long black

bristles above ; in one male there are four of these. Beard

whitish. Antenne dull brown, the feathered arista twice as

long as the antennas themselves. Hind part of head with

white bristles and white hairs below. Thorax blackish blue

with grey tomentum ; two preesutural bristles, one supraalar

bristle, and one postalar bristle, nearly all white; the dorso-

central bristles chiefly white; the dorsum almost bare of

pubescence. Scutellum the same colouring, with two white

bristles. Abdomen blackish, with grey tomentum and some

grey hairs ; sides with longer grey hairs. Genitalia rather

stout and prominent, black. Legs yellowish red, with black

stripes on the upper sides of the fore and middle femora, the

hind pair with the apical half only, black above; the hind

tibim black at apex; the last four joints of all the tarsi

dusky ; the femora all incrassate, the middle pair with

noticeable black bristles, the hind pair with four or more

white ones, the hind and fore pairs with long fine white hairs

below; the fore tibiae with the same, and the others with

shorter white pubescence; the bristles on the legs almost

entirely black. Wings clear, the anterior border very much

dilated in the middle, the veins coalescing and forming a

black thick border ; the brown spot is at the extreme apex,

reaching across the anterior branch of the third vein ; the

small transverse vein is this side of the middle of the discal

cell.

Female seems identical, but the black bristles on moustache

are more numerous and those on the thorax are largely black,

those on the middle tibia white.

Wings at apex are very

faintly grey.

On the Lower Jaw of Stereognathus ooliticus. 67

IX.—Note on the Lower Jaw of Stereognathus ooliticus,

Charlesworth. By Dr. BRANIsLAV PErRONIEVICS.

[Plate III. ]

Tw 1854 Charlesworth announced the discovery of the fragment

of jaw of a new mammal, to which he gave the name Stereo-

gnathus, and which afterwards, in 1857, Owen described and

figured. In 1887 Marsh expressed doubts about the nature

of the fragment, suggesting the possibility of its being an

upper jaw instead of a lower one, as was held unanimously

before *,

‘’o decide the question, I took, while in London at the end

of last year, the specimen from the Museum of Practical

Geology, where it is preserved, to the Natural History

Museum, where it was further prepared by F. O. Barlow

according to my directions.

When I saw the specimen for the first time, and compared

fig. 3 of the middle tooth in Owen (1857) with the root of

this tooth, I was. struck by the inexactness of Owen’s figure

(fig. 29, pl. i. in Owen, 1871, is better in this respect).

Owen’s figure shows a longitudinal division of the root,

whilst the magnifying-glass shows no trace of such a division,

and the root of the other side of the same tooth, now un-

covered, confirms this lack of divisiont. But the newly

prepared hindermost tooth shows on the hinder side three

distinct roots(comp. Pl. III. tig. 4, «, B, 7), corresponding to’

the three longitudinal rows of cusps. So that we have in

Stereognathus only a transverse division of molar roots.

PI. III. fig. 1 shows the outer side of the fragment. As its

vertical diameter is greater behind than in front, we must

conclude that the deeper end is the hind end of. the jaw,

which, accordingly, is a left one. This state of things was

rightly referred to by Owen (comp. Owen, 1857, p- 2), but he

* Comp. Marsh, O., 1887, p. 343: “None of the known Mesozoic

mammals appear to have been truly herbivorous. Stereognathus, which

has been considered as such, from its molar teeth, cannot fairly be re-

garded as evidence, since it was based, not upon part of a lower jaw, as

described by Owen, but upon a fragment, evidently the posterior portion

of the maxillary, and the teeth resemble the superior molars of some

insectivorous forms,” Comp. also Marsh, 1891, p. 613,

+ In his ‘ Paleontology,’ 2nd ed. 1861, p. 345, Owen says expressly :

“The outer side of the crown (fig. 115, 5), supported by a bifurcate fang

which contracts as it sinks into the socket, shews,.. .”

68 Dr. B. Petronievies on the

hesitated to affirm it categorically. The shaded part below

indicates the lower surface of the jaw, which was already

uncovered before the new preparation.

P]. III. fig. 2 shows the newly prepared inner side of the

fragment, which sets beyond any doubt that this fragment is

a lower jaw. Its lower edge is wholly uncovered in the

front part, whilst a narrow band of bone remained covered

behind. 'The ——- line shows the position of the lower edge

in this hind part in concordance with the lower edge in fig. 1.

A faint groove seems to occur in the front part, possibly a

trace of the mylohyoid groove.

PI. III. fig. 3 shows the upper surface of the three molar

teeth. It is probable that in front of them there were three

more teeth. As the hindmost molar (m3) seems to be some-

what smaller than the middle one, so it is probable that it

represents the last molar of the Jaw. ‘The valleys between

the obliquely placed cones are especially marked in this figure.

The grooves between the middle and inner cones of mz and ms,

which are interrupted only where the edges of the oblique

valleys meet one another, are marked in the figure as empty

spaces. These grooves are clearly distinct from the oblique

valleys between the cusps, but narrow in comparison with

the cusps.

To the detailed description of the middle tooth by Owen

(1857) I must add some corrections. Our fig. 5 (Pl. IIL.)

shows, when compared with fig. 3 of Owen, that there is no

such prominent basal cusp on the outer side of this tooth

as is marked in Owen’s figure *, and our fig. 6 shows, com-

pared with Owen’s fig. 4, that its inner cones are not “ slightly

inclined forwards” (comp. Owen, 1857, p. 2), as it is quite

wrongly indicated by this last figure of Owen. Fig. 7 shows

the two middle cusps of this tooth seen from the inner side

‘that have not been figured by Owen. ‘The oblique position

of the cusps is quite clearly indicated in this figure. In

figs. 5 and 6 the cement that coats the roots is shaded.

I conclude this paper with a remark concerning the

probable direction of the motion of lower jaw in Stereo-

gnathus. According to the mechanical theory of teeth-forms

proposed by Ryder and Cope, the oblique position of the

molars in some rodents (upwards and forwards for the lower

and downwards and backwards for the upper molars) is due to

* Unfortunately the hinder cusp of this tooth, shown so conspicuously

in fig. 8 of Owen, has been broken away since Owen's time.

Lower Jaw of Stereognathus ooliticus. 69

the motion of its lower jaw from before backwards*, If this

mechanical explanation is a right one, then we may conclude

that the oblique position of molar cusps in Stereognathus (and

probably also in Meniscoéssus) is due to a motion of its lower

jaw from backwards forwards, opposite to the direction in

rodents.

Finally, I desire to express my thanks to Dr. A. Strahan

and Dr. Kitchin, of the Museum of Practical Geology, and to

Dr. Woodward, of the British Museum, for the loan of the

new preparation. Also to Dr. Andrews, of the British

Museum, tor some valuable help.

Literature on Stereognathus.

1, CoaRLeswortH, KE, “Notice on new Vertebrate Fossils,” in Report

of the British Association, 1854, Transactions, p. 80.

2. OwEeN, R. “On the Affinities of the Stereognathus ooliticus (Charles-

worth), a Mammal from the Oolitic Slate of Stonestield,” in Quart.

Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. vol. xiii. 1857, p, 1-11.

. OwEN, R. ‘Palzontology,’ 2nd ed. 1861 (“On Stereognathus,”

pp. 345-349).

. Owen, R. ‘Monograph of the Fossil Mammalia of the Mesozoie

Formations,’ 1871 (on Stereognathus, pp. 18-20).

. Marsu, Cu. O. “ American Jurassic Mammals,” in Amer. Journ. Sci.

vol. xxxili, 1887, pp. 827-348 (on Stereognathus, p. 343),

. OsporN H. F. “On the Structure and Classification of the Mesozoic

Mammalia,” in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1888, pp. 186-264

(on Stereognathus, p. 221).

7. Marsa, Cu, O. “ Notes on Mesozoic Mammalia,” in Amer. Nat.

yol, xxy. 1891 (on Stereognuthus, p. 618).

8. Goopricu, E.S. “On the Fossil Mammalia from the Stonesfield

Slate,” in Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxxv. 1894, pp. 407-482

(on Stereognathus, p. 424, with the note of E. Ray Lankester on

another Jost fragment of jaw of Stereognathus).

Oo Oo -~ oo

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

Stereognathus, Charlesworth.

Fig. 1. The outer side of the fragment of lower jaw, somewhat mutilated

in front.

Fig. 2. The inner side of the same; mg., mylohyoid groove.

* Comp. Ryder, T. A., ‘On the Mechanical Genesis of Teeth-forms,”

in Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878, especially fig. 84, 7, p. 66, and

Cope, E. D., “The Mechanical Causes of the Origin of the Dentition of

the Rodentia,” in ‘ American Naturalist,’ vol. xxii. 1888, p. 9 s. and p. 12

ee his ‘ Primary Factors of Organic Evolution, 1904, pp. 849-351 and

p- 325).

70 Mr. 8S. Maulik on Variation in the Prothoracic

. Upper surface of the three molar teeth. The oblique valleys

between the cusps are shaded.

The three transverse roots of the hindmost molar.

. The outer side of the middle tooth, with the front cusp (a) and

hind cusp (6).

. The inner side of the middle tooth, with the front cusp (a) and

hind cusp (0),

. The two middle cusps (a and 6) of the middle tooth seen from

inner side and partly from above.

2 = $

O oP ovo

“J

X.— Variation in the Prothoracic Spines of Dactylispa

xanthopus, Gestro. By 8. Mautix, B.A. (Cantab.), F.H.S.

In the ‘ Természetrajzi Fiizetek,’ vol. xxi. 1898, p. 262,

Dr. Gestro described this species from one example which

now exists as the type in the National Museum at Budapest.

This particular individual was taken at Darjeeling. In

examining the collection of Hispinz belonging to the Indian

Museum, Calcutta, I have come across a group of seventeen

examples collected by Atkinson at Jalapahar, Darjeeling.

They were all mounted on one card. Among this lot I find

one example that answers Dr. Gestro’s description well—

viz., the insect is black and shining, the abdominal segments

and the legs are yellow, the colour of the basal five joints of

the antenne is different from that of the remaining apical

joints, each side of the prothorax has a group of three spines

which may be regarded as having acommon base. The front

margin has a pair of double spines. ‘he other examples of

the same lot before me agree with the description in the

main—viz., the general form of the insect, the coloration

(black, with the abdominal segments, antenne, legs, and

mouth-parts yellow), but differ in the following structures :—

(1) On the front margin of the prothorax there are a pair

of triple spines instead of double.

(2) On each side of the prothorax there is a group of four

spines instead of three. ‘he latter are arranged in

two ways—in some specimens the four spines have a

common base, in others the fourth may be regarded

as standing separate.

In a note published in the ‘Annales Musei Nationales

IIungariei,’ 1907, p. 72, Dr. Gestro identifies the examples

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. I. Pl. LI.

PETRONIEVICS.

Fie. 1.

Fig. 5. Fie. 6,

Kira. 4. Biter

Geter esrat NN) RkaeIUN aired ty OS :

: r He

Ll : U

i mi

a Pctos A ie

4 &:

*. ® 7

y,? i

? a

an ae

rs .

: ‘

rid

—

3 1

re y 1

: 4

a par,

mi eee cin Ny

- 4, Mes

7. ‘

Spines in Dactylispa xanthopus, Gestro. (cl

collected by Fruhstorfer from Sikkim as D. wanthopus, but

points out that each side of the prothorax has got two spines,

but he considers this cireamstance an anomaly. He is quite

right in thinking so. ‘The object of this note is to show the

variation in the number and formation of the prothoracic

spines of D. wanthopus.

From the numerous examples before me it can be safely

concluded that the normal number of the prothoracic spines

is four on each side, and a pair of triple spines on the front

margin—7. e., three spines standing on a common stock.

Variation in the Spines on the Front Margin.

Normally there is a pair of triple spines. The horizontal

distance between them is as usual in most species of the

genus. ‘The spines stand erect; the first is always an

appendix to the second arising from its front side ; it may

arise either near the base (fig, 2) or a little above (fig. 3), its

us 2

LMU

Dactylispa xanthopus.

Figs. 1, 2, 8, 4 are marginal spines at the front; 5, 6,7 are the lateral

groups of spines, The spines on the right of the figures point

towards the head.

length may be quite small or it may attain the length of a

normally developed spine (fig. 4), but it is always smaller

than the second spine. The latter, together with the first, is

slightly inclined forward. The third stands almost vertical

and is the longest. The first spine may be entirely absent

in some cases (fig. 1). Occasionally in the same individual

72 Mr. 8. Maulik on Variation in the Prothordeic

I have observed that of the pair of frontal spines, one con-

sists of two spines and the other three. This, of course, is

abnormal. ‘There is no correspondence between the number

of the frontal spines and the lateral ones. Hach of the

frontal pair may consist of two (fig. 1) or three, while the

lateral group may be composed of four, three, or even two.

Variation of the Lateral Group of Spines.

The usual number is four, as is seen in the majority of

specimens before me. ‘They may be three, or even two, as

Dr. Gestro has already pointed out in a little note. In one

individual before me the group on the left side of the pro-

thorax consists of three spines, while on the right there are

three, with the first one having a littlé appendix arising from

its front margin (fig. 5). The spines are slightly inclined

outwardly to the vertical line, the front 7. e., one nearest the

head is smaller than the second which follows it. The latter

is inclined to be the longest, sometimes it is a little curved.

The third is slightly shorter than the second. The fourth is

always shorter than others ; it is sometimes quite close to the

third, but occasionally it may be considered as standing

apart (fig. 7). For purposes of classification I should con-

sider this group as consisting of four spines having a common

broad base. It may be observed here that the individual

having a lateral group of three spines has the basal joints of

the autennze ferruginous and has a fine longitudinal impres-

sion along the middle line. The whitish hairs on the surface

of the prothorax are also more prominent. These characters

are not seen in the examples having a lateral group of four

spines.

From the above considerations it will be seen that the type-

specimen at Budapest Museum from which the first descrip-

tion was drawn up is not typical of the species ; it is only an

aberration. ‘he normal form is one with a lateral group of

four spines. ‘There are specimens of the normal form in the

British Museum, in the Genoa Museum, and in the Indian

Museum, Calcutta.

Description of the Insect.

Body elongate, with a little constriction in the middle,

The colour is shining black, specially on the elytra. The

mouth-parts, the antenne, the abdominal segments, and the

legs are yellow. The antenne are slender, with the apical

—_—-' =

Spines in Dactylispa xanthopus, Gestro. 73

five joints more hairy, slightly thicker. The legs are also

Jong and slender. The front margin of the prothorax has a

pair of triple spines and each lateral margin a group of four

spines, The number of the prothoracic spines varies, The

elytra are punctate-striate and spiny.

Length 33-44 mm.

Dactylispa xanthopus, X 16,

Head: interocular space rugose, with a longitudinal cleft

in the middle. The eyes are strongly convex. The antenne

are slender ; their length is about two-thirds the total length

74 Mr. $8. Maulik on Epistictia reicheana, Guérin.

of the body ; the first joint is almost as long as the third, the

second is much smaller ; fourth, fifth, and sixth are equal to

each other in length ; seventh to eleventh are slightly thicker,

more hairy, and darker. ‘The mouth-parts are yellow.

Viewed from underside there is a ridge along the middle of

the interocular space.

Prothorax quadrate. The arrangement of the spines and

their variation have been discussed above. In the accom-

panying figure (p. 73) the spines of the front margin are shown

diagrammatically. Itshows the number, but does not express

the manner in which they stand. The upper surface has two

transverse shallow depressions, it is coarsely and roughly

punctate, it may have whitish hairs, and there may be a

longitudinal impression along the middle. The last two

characters may not be present in all examples. ‘The surface

is not so shiny as the elytra.

Scutellum triangular, with the apex rounded. The surface

is subnitid and granulate.

Llytra constricted in the middle, punctate-striate ; the

punctures are large, coarse, deep, and they touch one another.

Owing to the spines on the elytra the number of rows

of punctures cannot be accurately counted. On each side of

the scutellum there is a short row of three or four minute

spines. The humerus is raised, along the raised portion there

are four Jong spines. Besides these spines on each elytron

there are about nine or ten moderately long spines. ‘The

margin of each elytron, including the apical portion, has got

about eleven long spines ; at the apex they have become very

small. In between the long spines there occur very minute

spines.

Underside smooth, shining, impunctate. The claw-joint

projects beyond the third joint of the tarsus.

Eastern Himalayas: Darjeeling, Sikkim.

This species has not been reported from any other locality.

I thank Dr. C. J. Gahan for reading this note.

XI.—WNote on Epistictia reicheana, Guérin.

By 8. Mau ix, B.A. Cantab., F.E.S.

In 1844 Guérin-Ménéville described a species, viz. Calo-

pepla reicheana, in the ‘Iconographie du Régne Animal de

G. Cuvier,’ texte ii, p. 286. He commences with the

Mr. 8. Maulik on Epistictia reicheana, Guérin. (5)

following remark :—‘* Avec quelques Jmatidies de l’Inde,

M. Hope a établi et caractérisé les genres Calopepla et

Prioptera, que M. Chevrolat avait distingués, sans les carac-

tériser, sous les noms de Craspedonta et Basiprionota”*, In

the collection of the British Museum there exists a specimen

which bears the following label in M. Guérin-Ménéville’s

handwriting: ‘¢ Craspedonta Leicheana Guer. Ic. R. A.

type Visapour.” “Ic. R. A.” means the reference given

above. Visapour is a place in India. From the above

remark it would seem that Chevrolat’s name Craspedonta is

the same as Hope’s Calopepla.

But having examined this

specimen, I have come to the following conclusions :—

(1) Reicheana is not a Calopepla at all, but an Epistictia.

(2) It is identical with Hpistictia selecta which Boheman

described in 1850 (Mon. Cassid. i. p. 13).

The differences

between Calopepla and Lpistictia are shown thus :—

Calopepla.

(1) In repose the head is inserted

into the prothorax so that the

mouth-parts are completely con-

cealed trom view.

(2) The apical five joints of the

antenn are dorso-ventrally flat-

tened.

(3) The prothorax is narrower

than the elytra at the base.

(4) The margins of the prothorax

are strongly retlexed,

(5) The upper surface of the

prothorax is smooth,

(6) The sculpturing of the elytra

is more rugose in appearance.

(7) There are more than two

strong coste on each elytron.

Guérin’s species reicheana

Epistictia.

(1) In repose the head is not

inserted into the prothorax, the

mouth-parts are well exposed to

view.

(2) The apical five joints of the

antennee are rounded,

(3) The prothorax is not nar-

rower than the elytra at the base.

(4) The margins of the prothorax

are not strongly reflexed,

(5) The upper surface of the

prothorax is punctate,

(6) The sculpturing of the elytra

is much less rugose in appearance.

(7) There are only two weak

costee on each elytron, one nearer

to the suture vanishing at the

apical surface and the other at

about the middle.

has all the characters men-

tioned above under /pistictia, and does not possess one single

character named under Calopepla; it is, therefore, without

doubt an LMpistictia,

As to the identity of retcheana with selecta, it may be

* In dOrbigny’s ‘Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle’ a short charac-

terization of both these names will be found, but it was later than

Hope’s. Chevrolat published them perhaps owing to their being adopted

by Dejean in his Catalogue.

76 Mr. 8. Maulik on Epistictia reicheana, Guérin.

remarked that, after examining ten examples in the collection

of the British Museum, I find that (1) the colour of the

insect varies from dark red to light brown, (2) twelve green

spots or patches are always present on each elytron. LReicheana

is very dark red and has twelve green spots on each elytron

at identical positions ; the dark background almost obscures

the green spots. As there is no structural difference, one

cannot help the conclusion that they are the same species.

Boheman’s species selecta must therefore be a synonym of

Guérin’s retcheana, the latter having the priority.

Epistictia reicheana, from a co-iype in the British Museum.

Antenna—ZJZ. selecta.

There are four examples in the British Museum from

Ceylon which Boheman has called matronula. They are

exactly the same as selecta, but only lighter in colour; the

number and position of the green spots on the elytra are the

same, but they stand out in bold outlines because of the

lighter background. This circumstance may lead one to

think, at first sight, that it is a different species. I am

inclined to the view that it is only a Ceylonese variety, the

dark variety generally occurring in Northern India. I

therefore regard matronula as a lighter variety of reicheana.

An illustration of reicheana is added.

I thank Dr. Gahan for reading this note.

On new Species and Races of Ithomiine. 77

XII.— New Species and Races of Ithomiinee in the Joicey

Collection. By W. J. Kaye, F.H.S.

Some striking new species and forms are here described.

The race jovceyt of Lithoria bonplandi is quite stable, as no

typical bonplandit came with them, and the series of twelve

3 & are quite uniform. Haensch, in Seitz, vol. v. p. 119,

separates tamasea, Hew., with lugubris, Usch., as a distinct

species, and rega/is, Stich., as another species distinct from

bonplandii ; but these are all forms of the same—bonplandii.

The three new species of Pteronymia are in each case

female specimens and only single individuals. They are all

remarkably large species, and in the case of catenata of

curious pattern, the very large marginal spots giving the

insect a distinct appearance. Five new species of WVapeo-

genes are described and one new subspecies of Napeogenes.

There are two new species of Hymenttis, one Scada, one

Callithomia, two Epithomia, one Hyposcada, and two Athesis.

One of the last at first glance looks like a large dark A. clea-

rista, but it is a distinct species from N. Peru. The other,

a dark subspecies of Clearista from Colombia, must be well

known, and it seems strange that Haensch did not make for it

subspecific rank, The series at Witley shows it to be quite

a well-marked race. Typical Clearista occurs in Venezuela

and also in Colombia, but probably only as an aberration in

the latter country.

All these forms and species will be figured after the War.

Athesis clearista colombiensis, subsp. n.

Fore wing darker than in the type-form. The discoidal

blotch heavier black, without any ochre colour at lower angle

of cell, and the black extending down towards vein 2. In

the type-form this is always ochreous. The veins blacker,

especially vein 3, which has stripe along it. Hind wing with

the veins 3, 4, 5 blacker and the outer margin broader black.

Ochre colour at discocellulars and along veins 1 and 2 more

reddish than in Clearista clearista.

533,899.

Hab. Colombia, “ Tnterior,” Cauca Valley, S. Martin,

Llanos of Rio Meta (G. D. Child).

Athesis vitrala, sp. n.

Larger than A. clearista, darker and more transparent,

78 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new

Fore wing with costa dark brownish, becoming more ochreous

beyond the cell, then again dark blackish brown. Inner

margin broadly black. A black band across middle of cell

and black discoidal mark. Veins dark. Outer margin very

narrowly black, and where it meets costa narrowest. A

transparent area between veins 7,8. Hind wing transparent,

the veins very dark brown. Marginal bands narrow. Fore

wing below with light brown costa and triangular terminal

areas to the veins. Tornus light brown. Just before apex

on inner side of narrow marginal band two or three whitish

spots. Underside of hind wing with the costa broadly

whitish, followed by a broad black band shading off into

light brown. <A row of white submarginal spots alternately

with light brown patches, which run into the dark narrow

marginal band.

Hixpanse 84 mm.

12).

flab, N. Peru, River Tabaconas, 6000 feet.

» Tithorea bonplandw joicey?, subsp. n.

Above: Fore and hind wing black with white markings.

A trace of yellow scaling along the basal and median veins

where the white band crosses. Beneath with a great exten-

sion of red marking. Fore wing with a red streak below

costa, a broad red band on either side of the subapical line of

white dots uniting into a submarginal band. Hind win

with a short red costal streak, a red band on either side of the

postdiscal white dotted line, merging into a broad red sub-

costal band.

Jixpanse 90 mm.

Tab. Cauca Valley, Colombia; Corinto, May-July.

10 ¢ 8,124 without locality, 1 & Brit. Guiana (err. loc. !).

This remarkable race of bonplandii is so distinct-looking as

to at first glance ¢ appear as a good species, but in the Joicey

Collection is a specimen of. bonplandii latreillet showing

incipient extension of the red markings beneath as to at once

suggest racial and not specific rank. The change of colour

a yellow to white, although frequently opeereblen in the

Heliconide, is a rare phenomenon i in the Ithomiine.

Napeogenes curvilutea, sp. n.

Fore wing orange-brown, with a black streak along the

median vein to just beyond origin of vein 2, and another

Species and Races of Ithomiinee. 79

black streak just below along inner margin. Apical half

black, containing a broad curved yellow mark from costa to

vein 3. A very indistinct row of greyish marginal spots.

Hind wing orange-brown, with a large oblong black patch

from base to vein 4 on its anterior side, but only to vein 2 on

its posterior or inner marginal side,leaving a curved, gradually

tapering bit of the orange-brown ground-colour. Fore wing

below similar to above, but marginal white spots very

distinct. Hind wing below also with white marginal spots,

but smaller and elongated. A black mark within the cell

and a black streak along costal vein.

Expanse 57 mm.

33 3,1 ¢.

Hab. N. Peru, Pebas, Loreto, 1913:

Napeogenes diaphanosa, sp. n.

Fore wing brownish transparent and black. Costa, inner

and outer margins black. Basal half of wing brownish trans-

parent. Apical half-black, with a large squarish transparent

patch between veins 5 and 7, with a small transparent spot

immediately above. A series of three transparent spots, the

centre one more elongated, situated near the margin between

veins 2,3; 3,4; and 4, 5. <A series of very distinct white

marginal spots. Hind wing brownish transparent, with a

broad black marginal band containing a series of white spots.

Antenne black.

Expanse 52 mm.

ie oe

Hab. Colombia, Valdivia (Pratt, 1897).

Comes nearest in shape and pattern to Napeogenes amara.

Napeogenes opacella, sp. n.

Fore wing with the base reddish orange, the costa black ;

a large black roundish blotch within the cell, followed by an

irregularly shaped yellow blotch. Outer two-thirds of wing

with the ground-colour black. A large subapical yellow

patch with its distal margin curved. Between veins 2, 3 and

3, 4 are irregular yellow blotches. A row of large yellow

marginal spots. Hind wing with the base reddish orange,

the remainder black, with a marginal row of yellow spots,

preceded by a row of three larger irregular yellow spots in

the upper half of the wing. At vein 3 the black ground-

colour is set back greatly, from thence tapering to a point at

80 Mr. Wo I: Kaye on new

anal angle. Sometimes a black spot between veins 2, 3 close

to cell.

Expanse 50 mm.

Sie, Bhs

Hab. Colombia, Quebrada de la Sarga, Rio Tomana.

This species figures in some collections as JV. aster, but it

is quite distinct. LV. aster, Godm., is the Ecuador dark race

of stella. N. glabra, Godm., is exceedingly close to stella

and is doubtfully of subspecific rank. NV. decora, Godm.,

is quite a distinct species with much narrower wings.

Haensch, in Seitz, makes these all forms of stella, but was

evidently unacquainted with the types.

Napeogenes mesosticta, sp. n.

9. Antenne yellow-tipped. Fore wing dusky transparent,

with black margins tinged with reddish interiorly. No

discoidal spot. A very distinct row of submarginal white

spots. Inner margin very broadly black from base for one-

third, thence tapering to tornus. Costa blackish and a half

black spot across centre of cell merged partly in the black

costal stripe. Hind wing dusky transparent, with very

broad black outer margin tinged internally with reddish. A

distinct series of white submarginal spots. Yellowish along

inner margin and with a broad black costa widened con-

siderably at base. Fore wing below with the costa, cell-

mark, and inner crenulated edging of marginal band broadly

brownish red, Hind wing below with the costa broadly

brownish red, succeeded by a horizontal black streak, followed

by reddish again in outer half of cell. Inner edging of sub-

marginal band broadly brownish red.

Expanse 68 mm.

Hab. Peru, Pozuzo, 5000-6000 feet.

Related to VV. glycera, but a distinct species.

Napeogenes polymela, sp. n.

Very close to NV. harbona.

g. Fore wing black and transparent. The costa black.

Discoidal spot black. Outer margin broadly black, with very

distinct white submarginal spots. A triangular black patch

between median and vein 2. Inner margin broadly black.

Hind wing transparent, the outer margin very broadly black,

containing a row of very distinct submarginal white spots.

Species and Races of Ithomiinee. 81

Inner margin yellowish, edged slightly with reddish. An-

tennee black.

?. Similar to male, but no yellow at inner margin.

Expanse 56 mm.

Hab. Peru, Pozuzo, 5000-6000 feet.

This may be only a race of N. harbona, the type-form

coming from Ecuador. N. harbona varies in the hind wing

from colourless to yellow-tinged, when it is known as ewnomia ;

and it is possible that polymela varies in the same way.

The apparent difference in the undersides between harbona

and ewnomia, the former having a considerable red edging

along the margins, is bridged with intermediate forms.

Kunomia occasionally has strong red markings, although

remaining yellow-tinged in the hind wing.

Napeogenes zurippa apobsoleta, subsp. n.

Fore wing with.the basal half orange. A narrow black

inner marginal line and a somewhat rectangular-shaped black

spot within the cell and just touching the outer edge of the

orange ground-colour. An oblique yellow median band

enclosing asmall black discoidal spot from which runs a short

black line to origin of vein 10. Apical half wholly black,

without any trace of yellow marks. Hind wing brownish

orange, with four elongated black patches; the two innermost

are nearly completely fused, the third is joined posteriorly,

while the smaller fourth is entirely separate.

Hixpanse 58 mm.

E'S:

ffab. Ecuador, without precise locality.

Callithomia alexirrhoe concolor, subsp. n.

Fore wing wholly reddish brown and black. Cell with

large black central blotch and smaller spot in the upper

corner of the cell. In the large black apical area beyond the

cell are placed four large elongate patches of the reddish-

brown ground-colour. Inner margin black and a short black

costal streak from base. Hind wing reddish brown, with a

double row of black spots, those immediately below the cell

much the largest.

Eixpanse 68 mm.

Hab. Peru, without precise locality.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. 1. 6

82 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new

This subspecies comes nearest C. infuscata, Hsch. C. thor-

naw is a self-coloured race, but has a black apex and only a

single row of black spots to the hind wing.

Callithomia viridipuncta, sp. n.

Fore wing with the base black and a black, suffused, trans-

parent patch at the end of the cell. Inner margin black

except for a short brownish streak in the middle area. Be-

tween veins 2,3; 3,4; and 4,5 are greenish, transparent,

elongated patches, the lower one the largest, while the upper

two are edged with whitish exteriorly. Beyond vein 5 isa

compound greenish transparent area composed of two long

patches and two small costal spots. Hind wing unicolorous

orange-brown, a small black spot in the middle discocellular,

marginal black band just traceable. Fore wing beneath as

above, except for four white marginal dots at margin of apex.

Hind wing below with a broad black subcostal streak,

widest at base and at end of cell. A festooned greyish-black

marginal band containing a series of white spots. Antenne

black, with the club yellow-brown.

Expanse 66 mm.

ige

Hab. Ecuador, without precise locality.

Callithomia viridipuncta, ab. confluens, ab. nov.

Fore wing with the transparent patch within the cell

without black dusting. The greenish transparent marks

between the veins all united, leaving only a large, black,

squarish discoidal patch. Hind wing with the central area

semitransparent and reaching down to close to margin before

vein 4. Black marginal band distinct and very irregular on

its inner edge. Fore wing below with traces of a reddish

submarginal band. Hind wing below with a very distinct

row of white marginal spots within the crenulated black

marginal band.

1 ¢ without locality.

Hyposcada attilodes, sp. n.

3. Fore wing like 2 of Leucothyris attalia, but may be

recognized by the pear-shaped translucent spot at tornus and

the absence of a transparent spot between veins 3, 4 close to

cell. An outer transparent spot is present between veins 3, 4,

Species and Races of Ithomiine. 83

but close to margin corresponding with a similar spot in the

Leucothyris. Costa black. Inner margin broadly black. A

wedge-shaped black mark across the cell; a heavy black

discoidal blotch extended greatly towards the margin. Three

transparent spots close together just beyond cell and lying

near costa. Three subapical spots and three marginal dots.

Hind wing with a very broad black transverse band ex-

tending beyond cell. A row-of transparent spots from inner

to outer margin smaller than in ZL. attalia, the two at the

apex especially so. ‘Two or three small white marginal dots.

Underside of tore wing with more black than in the Leuco-

thyris species. The band across the cell black, not red-

brown, and the white marginal spots small.

Expanse 64 mm.

Hab. Bolivia, no precise locality.

Tegé

This remarkable species, so extremely like 9 Leucothyris

attalia except for the slender long antenne, appears to have

been undetected till now amongst the series of Z. attalia.

There are, besides the type g in Coll. Joicey, 2 $ ¢ and

2 ? 9 in the British Museum, and doubtless many others

remain to be discovered in various collections. The ¢ of

L. attaha is very much larger than the 9, but g and 2 of

H. attilodes are about the same size. From the very brief

description of attalita, Hnsch., it is impossible to say if this is

the same species. But no mention is made of the different

shape or the long slender antennee, characters which could

scarcely have escaped observation.

Scada perpuncta, sp. n.

Fore wing pale transparent yellowish. Costa narrowly

grey-black except immediately above cell, where it is yel-

lowish. A large, solid, square, black discoidal blotch. Inner

margin black except at base. Broad outer margin black,

containing a very distinct row of white spots. Hind wing

pale transparent yellowish, with a large solid roundish

discoidal blotch. A black marginal band (much narrower

than fore wing band) containing series of white spots.

Expanse 42 mm.

A gd.

Hab. 8.E. Colombia, Rio Caqueta (D. M. Eder & T,

Alexander).

84 Mr. W. J. Kaye on new

Pteronymia catenata, sp. n.

Fore wing smoky at apex. Cell completely margined with

blackish ; a broad wedge-shaped mark in the cell and heavy

discoidal blotch extending ere SE outwards between veins 4, 5.

A subapical vitreous spot ‘and a row along outer margin. A

small whitish mark beyond cell on costa. Below as above,

with all the dark markings dull brownish edged with

blackish. Hind wing with some dark scaling along lower

discocellular and along median. A very broad dark marginal

band containing three very large vitreous spots and one small

spot situated fore crem as Below as above, with all the

dark markings dull brownish.

Expanse 70 mm.

Hab. Peru, Pozuzo, 5000-6000 feet (native collector).

A striking species and quite unlike any other, the very

large marginal transparent spots in the hind wing giving tlie

insect a very distinct appearance.

Pteronymia amplificata.

Fore wing transparent, with the costa orange-brown inter-

rupted by a yellow spot just above discocellulars. Discoidal

spot large, dark brown, median and veins 2 and 3 orange-

brown. Inner margin broadly dark brown. Apex dark

brown and a narrow lunular marginal dark band. Against

a dark background there are to be seen same yellowish

scaling beyond discoidal spot and a series of faint yellow sub-

marginal spots. Hind wing transparent, with a rather broad

dark lunular marginal band. Against a dark background a

series of large yellowish submarginal spots. Hind wing

beneath with ‘large cruciform orange marks at vein-tips and

between veins 2; 3; 3, 4; 4, 5 are paired white spots.

Between veins 5, 6 and 6, 7 ‘single spots of a different shape.

Hixpanse 68 mm.

fab. Ecuador.

esi

Pteronymia grandipennis, sp. 0.

Fore wing smoky transparent. Costa above cell reddish.

Discoidal spot narrow and continued down the median to

dark inner. margin. A small whitish spot on costa beyond

end of cell. A row of faint whitish submarginal spots and

Species and Races of Ithomiinze. 85

some whitish marks beyond the cell, forming a very indistinct

sort of band to inner margin. Hind wing above transparent,

with a yellowish tinge at anal angle. Some indistinct

whitish submarginal spots in apical area, becoming less and

less defined towards anal angle.

Eixpanse 68 mm.

1 ee

Hab. ? Peru, Pozuzo.

There is no locality-label on the specimen, but it is in good

condition and well set, and as it was amongst some Velamysta

torquatilla from Pozuzo, Peru, it seems probable that the

locality hazarded is correct. The fairly strong mimetic

resemblance to the Velamysta also lends support to the place

of origin.

Eypoleria ina negrina, subsp. n.

Differs from the type-form in the absence of red at anal

angle of hind wing.

Expanse 56 mm.

flab, Eeuador.

Hewitson gave no locality for his Zthomea ina, but it probably

occurs with other similarly coloured Ithomiine species such as

Ceratinia pravilla in Keuador. The two forms may occur

together or be racial. ‘The very similarly coloured Ceratinia

ocna and Napeogenes apulia have, in addition, yellow tinting

on the hind wing, and this is a characteristic of Central-

Colombian Ithomiines.

Ilymenitis joiceyi, sp. n.

Closely resembles Dismenitis pardalis, but easily separable

by the neuration.

Fore wing brownish transparent, with the veins promi-

nently orange when held in certain lights. Costa brownish

orange edged narrowly with dark brown. A large, somewhat

cruciform, blackish discoidal mark. Inner margin black.

Outer margin with blackish triangular patches at the vein-tips

of veins 2, 3,4, 5. Apex with a blackish margin, Paired

white dots between the veins, to be seen clearly only when

held against a daik background. Hind wing brownish trans-

parent, with a very heavy blackish discoidal patch. A broad

black marginal band, deeply sinuous internally, and on the

margin between the veins are heavy white spots, becoming

smaller towards costa.

ixpanse 74 mm.

Zi pe Sas

Hab. Ecuador, without precise locality.

86 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Hymenitis onetdodes, sp. n.

Fore wing above yellowish brown, with the veins orange.

Costa orange to end of cell, inner margin blackish, tip with

blackish border. Veins 2, 3, 4, and 5 with triangular

blackish marks at tips, that at vein 3 the largest. An irre-

gular discoidal black blotch spreading over lower discocellular.

Hind wing above yellowish brown, with a very broad

blackish marginal band, heavily dentated on inner margin,

especially between veins 3 and 4, A faint indication in

some lights of a yellow macular band from upper discocellular

to outer margins ‘Two yellowish subapical spots and two

further yellow spots on outer margin. Fore wing beneath

asabove. Hind wing beneath with large white wedge-shaped

marks in the apical portion of marginal dark band and paired

white spots between the veins thence to inner margin.

Expanse 67 mm,

ae ie

Hab. Ecuador.

XITI.— Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteran—XXXII1. On new

Species in the British Museum. By Rowxiany E. Turner,

F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Family Scoliide.

Subfamily Mrrprvz.

Elis (Mesa) ugandensis, sp. n.

©. Nigra; capite, femoribus anticis apice, tibiis anticis, tarsisque

anticis rufis; flagello articulis quatuor apicalibus nigris; alis

nigro-violaceis.

Long. 15 mm.

?. Mandibles bluntly bidentate at the apex; clypeus

with a strong carina from the base nearly reaching the

apex, the apical margin with two minute teeth in the

middle. Antennal tubercles large and rounded; head

rectangular, much broader than long, eyes separated from

the bind margin of the head by a distance equal to their

greatest breadth ; posterior ocelli twice as far from the

eyes as from each other, and about three times as far from -

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 87

the hind margin of the head as from each other; front

closely and deeply punctured ; vertex smooth and shining,

with a few small scattered punctures. Thorax rather

sparsely punctured, shining; the pronotum longer than

the mesonotum ; scutellum as long as the pronotum.

Median segment broader than long, sparsely punctured,

more Closely at the base than at the apex, with two carinze

very near together converging from the base and almost

touching at the apex ; the apical slope rugosely punctured,

the sides of the segment rather indistinctly obliquely striated.

Abdomen shining, with large scattered punctures; sixth

tergite rather more closely punctured, but without striz.

Hind femora produced into a strong spine near the apex

beneath ; hind tibize serrate; basal joint of the hind tarsi

with a row of fine hairs beneath. Second abscissa of the

radius very long, much longer than the third.

Hab. Tero Forest, Uganda (C. G. Gowdey), July 1912.

Nearly allied to the Oriental /. tricolor, Sm., both in the

puncturation and the long second abscissa of the radius;

- but differimg in the absence of the steel-blue colour on the

abdomen, in the somewhat more slender build, in the

different form of the clypeus, and in the narrower hind

femora with a much more strongly developed spine. Not

nearly allied to any other Ethiopian species.

Elis (Mesa) tricolor, Sm.

Myzine tricolor, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn, Soce., Zool. ii. p. 91 (1858).

There are three closely allied forms in the British Museum,

probably representing local races of one species. These

may be separated by the following key :—

1, Anterior ocellus very distinctly further from

the posterior margin of the head than

from the antennal tubercles; scape and

three basal joints of flagellum red ; clypeus

with a low median carina not reaching

the apex; posterior slope of the median

segment not concave in the middle ...... E.. tricolor longiceps,

Anterior ocellus as near to the posterior [subsp. n.

margin as to the antennal tubercles or

nearer; antennee wholly black; carina of

clypeus very prominent or wholly absent ;

posterior slope of the median segment

BIT HELy CONCHVG! o.../.+0,. 00> so aeemeee 2.

2. Clypeus with a very prominent carina

ending in a raised tubercle ......,...., EE. tricolor tricolor, Sm,

Clypeus depressed in the middle, without

CUT OOLANEGREIN Ge visiinc.s: 5.0.0 0's viele Meteeraem Li. tricolor shuckardi,

| subsp. u.

83 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Hab. EF. tricolor tricolor, Sm., Borneo.

E. tricolor longiceps, subsp. u., Dibrughur, Assam.

E. tricolor shuckardi, subsp. n., India (probably the

South or West), ex coll. Shuckard.

E. dimidiaticornis, Bingh., and E. crassepunctata, Turn.,

will probably prove to be.the males of the two Indian sub-

species.

Superfamily SpHecorDpa.

Subfamily Sezxcrvz.

Sphea (Psammophila) lutaria, Fabr.

Sphex lutaria, Fabr. Mant. Insect. i. p. 278 (1787).

Ammophila affinis, Kirby, Trans. Linn, Soc. iv. p. 195 (1798).

Specimens from Gyangtse, ‘Tibet, have the first tergite

almost entirely black.

S. hirsuta, Scop., occurs in the same locality.

Sphex (Psammophila) mahatma, sp. 0.

@. Nigra; abdomine segmentis primo, secundo, tertio quartoque

dimidio basali rufis; femoribus anticis apice extremo subtus,

tibiis anticis subtus, tarsis anticis, articulo primo basi nigro,

tarsisque intermediis et posticis articulis tribus apicalibus ferrugi-

neis; alis subhyalinis, venis nigris, 4

Long. 12-19 mm.

9. Hairs of the head and thorax black, sparse ; inner

orbits parallel ; posterior ocelli separated from the eyes by

a distance about equal to the length of the third joint of

the flagellum. TFront densely, clypeus and vertex much

more sparsely punctured; pronotum, mesonotum, and

scutellum shining, very sparsely punctured; the meso-

pleurz closely and rather indistinctly striated with large

punctures between the striz. Median segment opaque,

transversely striated; the striz very fine and close, only

visible with a lens; the sides and apical slope of the

segment more coarsely striated. Anterior coxz not tuber-

culate at the apex; joints of the fore tarsi strongly

asymmetrical; pulvilli distinct, not very small; _ tarsal

ungues with a very minute tooth at the base. Petiole as

Mr. R. E, Turner on Fossorvial Hymenoptera. 89

long as the second joint of the hind tarsus. Radial cell

‘rounded at the apex.

Hab. Gyangtse, ‘Tibet, 13,000 ft. (H. J. Walton), June 30,

1904. Khamba Jong, Sikkim, 15,000-16,000 ft.

The striation of the dorsal surface of the median segment

is much finer than in S. lutaria, from which it also differs

in the colour of the nervures, tarsi, and first abdominal

segment and in the sparser punctures of the mesonotum.

The male has the petiole longer than the second joint of

the hind tarsus, but distinctly shorter than the basal joint

and the colour of the tarsi is fuscous.

Sphex (Psammophila) sheffieldi, sp. n.

@. Nigra, nigro-pilosa; mandibulis basi, segmentis abdominalibus

primo, secundo tertioque basi rufis; clypeo argenteo-pubescente ;

alis flavidulis, margine apicali pallide infuscatis, venis fusco-

ferrugineis.

Long. 22-27 mm.

9. Head large and massive, broader than the thorax,

densely punctured, clothed with black hairs, the clypeus

with a delicate silver pubescence beneath the black hairs.

Clypeus broadly truncate at the apex, the apical margin

deflexed, the angles of the truncated margin well marked.

Inner orbits parallel, the posterior ocelli separated from

the eyes by a distance distinctly exceeding the length of the

third joint of the flagellum. Thorax and median segment

coarsely rugosely punctured, mesonotum with a distinct

carina from the base to the middle; mesoplenre rugose.

Anterior coxee not tuberculate at the apex ; joints of the

anterior tarsi asymmetrical, but not strongly so; tarsal

ungues without a tooth. Petiole as long as the basal joint

of the hind tarsi, the basal third strongly punctured and

clothed with black hairs. Radial cell rather long, narrowly

rounded at the apex; third cubital cell small, the second

transverse cubital nervure nearly twice as long as the

cubital margin of the cell and about three times as long as

the radial margin.

Hab. Mianje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), March 12—May 5,

2400-7000 ft.

90 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Sphex (Parapsammophila) testaceipes, sp. n.

3. Niger, albo-pilosus ; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo in medio

nigro-lineato, tegulis, pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; coxis posticis,

trochanteribus femoribusque posticis supra, tarsis intermediis

posticisque articulo apicali, unguiculisque nigris ; alis hyalinis,

venis fusco-ferrugineis.

Long. 25 mm.

3d. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, subdenticulate

in the middle of the apical margin, clothed with delicate

silver pubescence, which extends on to the front. Head

and sides of the thorax rather densely clothed with long

white hairs, the hairs on the mesonotum and dorsal surface

of the median segment cinereous. .Hyes convergent towards

the clypeus, where they are separated by a distance slightly

exceeding twice the length of the scape and first joint of

the flagellum combined. Posterior ocelli separated from

the eyes by a distance scarcely equal to the length of the

third joint of the flagellum. Head and pronotum punctured-

rugulose, the clypeus shining and almost smooth ; meso-

notum rugulose; dorsal surface of median segment closely

transversely striate, the striz slightly curved in the middle.

First joint of the petiole a little longer than the hind femur ;

second tergite longer than the apical breadth; seventh

tergite broadly truncate at the apex; eighth sternite long,

the sides almost parallel, the apex rather broadly truncate.

Mesosternum not produced anteriorly. Tarsal ungues with

two teeth close to the base; pulvilli large. Second re-

current nervure almost interstitial with the second trans- —

verse cubital nervure ; second abscissa of the radius much

longer than the third, third transverse cubital nervure rather

strongly curved outwardly in the middle.

Hab. Valley of the Ruaha River, German East Africa

(S. A. Neave), December 1910.

This has somewhat the build of S. dives, Brullé, but may

easily be distinguished by the colour of the legs, the form of

the apical segments, the broader head and clypeus, and the

sculpture of the median segment, also by the presence of

two teeth on the tarsal ungues.

Sphex (Parapsammophila) erythrocephala, Wabr.

Sphex erythrocephala, Faby. Spec. Insect. i. p. 445 (1781). Q.

Ammophila fuscipennis, Sm. Trans. Zool, Soc. London, vii. p, 187

(1870). 3.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 91

The tarsal ungues of the male have two teeth—not one

only, as stated by Bingham.

Sphex haimatosoma, Kohl.

Ammophila haimatosoma, ‘Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiil.

p. 888 (1883). 9.

Specimens of this species were taken at Karachi by

Mr. Comber. They are very highly coloured, being without

black on the head and thorax, and with the blue colour of

the apical abdominal segments more strongly developed ;

the wings are of a deep yellow. 8S. dusalis, Sm., which also

occurs at Karachi is very near this species, but has the

mesonotum much more strongly striated and is very different

in colour,

Sphex punctata, Sm.

Ammophila punctata, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M, iv. p. 218 (1856). @.

T cannot see that this differs specifically from S. sabulosa,

Linn., though the red on the abdomen is more extensive.

This form occurs at Gyangtse in Tibet in June.

Subfamily Purrawrurz.

Cerceris spinipleuris, nom. n.

Cerceris varipes, Sm. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xii, p. 413 (18738). 9.

(Nec Smith, 1858).

This Australian species is quite distinct fromthe species.

described by Smith from Celebes in 1858 as C. varipes, so

a new name is necessary.

Cerceris yalensis, Turn,

Cerceris yalensis, Turn, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p, 745, 1912 (1918).

The female is the type of the species. The male described

with it does not belong to it, but to C. cratocephala, Cam.

Subfamily Szizrva.

Stizus persimilis, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; clypeo, labr@g,mandibulis, palpis, antennis, pronoto

92 Mr. R..E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera.

margine postico, in medio angustissime, lateribus late, callis

humeralibus, mesonoto fascia laterali utrinque ante tegulas,

femoribus anticis, femoribus intermediis posticisque apice, tibiis

tarsisque flavo-aurantiacis ; segmentis dorsalibus secundo macula

parva utrinque angulis apicalibus, tertio quartoque fascia lata

longitudinali laterali, quinto fere omnino, sextoque omnino

flavis ; alis nigro-ceruleis.

Long. 16 mm.

?. Extremely near to S. klugit, Sm. (S. apicalis, Klug),

of which I formerly considered it a variety (see Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (8) xvi. p. 444, 1916). But I have since had

the opportunity of comparing it with a female of Alugit in

the collection of the Rev. F. D. Morice, and find the following

distinctions in addition to colour :—

S. klugit. S. persimilis.

First tergite sparsely punctured. First tergite closely punctured.

Sixth tergite closely rugosely punc- | Sixth tergite sparsely and more

tured. | finely punctured.

Hab. 30 miles from Magadi Junction, British East Africa

(F. G. Hamilton), April 1912.

Subfamily Crazrovivz.

Rhopalum ornatipes, sp. 0.

@. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo, scapo, flagello

dimidio basali subtus, pronoto, scutello, tegulis, pedtbus anticis

intermediisque, trochanteribus posticis, tibiis posticis dimidio

basali, metatarsisque posticis flavis; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus,

venis fuscis.

Long. 4 mm.

?. Eyes separated at the base of the clypeus by a distance

equal to about one-quarter of the length of the scape, the

facets much larger in front than on the side ; clypeus short

and broad, clothed with delicate white pubescence. Head

smooth and shining, an indistinct groove from the posterior

ocelli not quite reaching the eyes; temples about half as

broad as the eyes. Thorax smooth and shining ; pronotum

transverse ; median segment almost smooth, with a well-

marked median sulcus. First tergite very slightly longer

than the second, uot much swollen at the apex ; second

tergite broadened from the base, nearly half as long again

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 93

as the third. Serration of the hind tibiz almost obsolete.

Radial cell broadly truncate at the apex ; recurrent nervure

received close to two-thirds from the eee of the cubital

cell.

Hab. Zungeru, N. Nigeria cr W. Scott-Macfie), January—

February 1911.

Rhopalum spinulifer, sp. n.

3. Niger; scapo, pronoto, postscutello, callis humeralibus, pedibus

anticis intermediisque, trochanteribus coxisque exceptis, flavis ;

segmentis abdominalibus duobus basalibus subtus lateribusque,

segmentis sexto apice, septimoque, femoribus posticis apice,

tibiis posticis supra nigro-maculatis, metatarsisque posticis basi

ferrugineis ; tegulis brunneis; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis

nigris; petiolo apice spina minuta armato.

Long. 4 mm.

3. Eyes separated at the base of the clypeus by a distance

about equal to the length of the scape ; anteune short, the

basal joimts of the flagellum normal, not tuberculate or

emarginate. Head subopaque, very minutely punctured ;

posterior ocelli as far from each other as from the eyes.

Pronotum transverse, not rounded at the angles; thorax

subopaque, minutely and closely punctured. Petiole rather

stout, distinctly swollen at the apex, with a small spine at

the apex on the dorsal surface; the second tergite half as

long again as the first, broadened from the base, no longer

than the third. Hind tibiz stout, distinctly but not strongly

serrate. Radial cell very broadly truncate at the apex ;

recurrent nervure received just beyond the middle of the

cubital cell.

Hob. Kuranda, N. Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

In the form of the petiole and following segments this

resembles R. frenchii, Turn., but differs much in colour and

in the remarkable spine on the petiole.

Rhopalum imbelle, Turn.

Rho alum tricolor, Smm., subsp. imbelle, Turn, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) xv. p. 92 (3915).

In addition to the distinctions given in the description,

the male antenne are much shoxter in imbelle than in

tricolor ; the third joint of the flagellum, which is emarginate

beneath, being more than twice as long as the apical breadth

in ¢ricolor, and scare ely half as long ¢ again in imbelle. On

94 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

the whole, I am inclined to think that the two forms should

staud as distinct species.

Subfamily Larrrmz.

Tachytes diversicornis, sp. ni.

3g. Niger, albo-pubescens; flagello articulis 5-9, articuloque

quarto subtus fulvis; tarsis brunneo-rufescentibus ; segmentis

dorsalibus 4 basalibus fascia apicali argenteo-pubescente ; seg-

mento septimo dense argenteo-pubescente ; alis hyalinis, venis

tegulisque testaceis.

®. Mari simillima; antennis nigris; segmento dorsali sexto

aureo-pubescente.

Long., ¢ 9 mm., 9 10 mm.

3d. Clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, clothed

with silver pubescence, which extends on to the face ; joints

of the flagellum not arcuate. yes separated on the vertex

by a distance fully equal to the combined length of the two

basal joints of the flagellum. ‘Thorax and median segment

clothed with short whitish hairs; the median segment

scarcely as long as the scutellum and postscutellum com-

bined. Seventh dorsal segment broadly rounded or sub-

truncate at the apex; eighth ventral segment strongly

emarginate, the apical angles of the emargination produced -

into acute spines. Radial cell narrowly rounded at the

apex, third abscissa of the radius longer than the second,

the third cubital cell extending on the cubitus beyond the

apex of the radial cell. Basal joint of tlie fore tarsi with

three small white spines.

2. Basal joint of the fore tarsus with five spines. Second

ventral segment subopaque, microscopically punctured, the

apical margin broadly smooth in the middle ; pygidial area

subtriangular, narrowly rounded at the apex.

Hab. Karachi (E. Comber), September and October.

This approaches the Algerian 7. maculicornis, Saund.,

but in that species the male has the joints of the flagellum

thickened and arcuate beneath. In both species the inter-

mediate metatarsus of the male is curved and somewhat

strongly asymmetrical at the apex. The female of maculi-

cornis has the pygidial area clothed with silver pubescence.

Tachytes nilotica, sp. 0.

9. Nigra, albo-pubescens ; mandibulis, palpis, femoribus, tibiis

tarsisque ferrugineis; femoribus anticis basi nigro suffusis ;

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 95

tegulis testaceis; segmentis abdominalibus 1-5 apice anguste

brunneis, dorsalibus 1—4 fascia apicali argenteo-pubescente ;

area pygidiali aureo-pubescente ; alis hyalinis, venis ferrugineis.

Long. 10 mm,

2. Galea short, broader than long. Clypeus very broadly

rounded at the apex, the front and clypeus clothed with

silver pubescence. Eyes separated on the vertex by a

distance slightly exceeding the length of the two basal

joints of the flagellum. Thorax closely and minutely

punctured, clothed with short greyish hairs, with short

silver pubescence on the mesopleure. Median segment

more than half as long again as the scutellum, very minutely

punctured and clothed with short whitish hairs ; the posterior

slope with a deep longitudinal sulcus, which extends to the

apex of the dorsal surface. Second ventral segment sub-

opaque, very finely and closely punctured; third and

following ventral segments shining, with a few scattered

punctures. Pygidial area longer than the basal breadth,

narrowly rounded at the apex. Basal joint of fore tarsus

with five spines. Radial cell narrowly rounded at the apex,

not reaching as near to the outer margin of the wing as the

apex of the third cubital cell; second and third abscisse

‘of the radius subequal.

Hab. Meadi, Egypt (Egyptian Department of Agriculture),

July.

This species bears a strong superficial resemblance to

Tachysphex fluctuatus, Gerst.

Tachytes rufiscutis, sp. n.

3. Niger; palpis, galea, mandibulis dimidio basali, clypeo,

antennis, prothorace pedibusque ferrugineis; mesonoto antice,

scutello postscutelloque fusco-ferrugineis; tegulis testaceis ;

segmentis duobus apicalibus rufo-brunneis ; alis flavo-hyalinis,

yenis ferrugineis.

Long. 18 mm.

3d. Galea scarcely longer than the scape, a little longer

than its basal breadth ; palpi not elongate. Head covered

with whitish hairs, changing to pale golden on the clypeus.

Vertex opaque, very finely punctured ; eyes separated on

the vertex by a distance scarcely equal to half the length of

the second joint of the flagellum. Antenne stout, the

joints not arcuate beneath. ‘Thorax opaque, finely and

very closely punctured; median segment twice as long as

96 Dr. W. T. Calman on

the scutellum, without a distinct median suleus, but with a

strong apical fovea, the posterior slope with a strong median

sulcus. Abdomen closely and minutely punctured, rather

sparsely clothed with very short silver-grey pubescence,

which does not form apical fasciz ; second sternite very

minutely and closely punctured on the sides, much more

strongly and rather sparsely in the middle ; the third and

following sternites very sparsely and deeply punctured in

the middle. Seventh tergite elongate-triangular, rather

narrowly rounded at the apex, densely clothed with coarse

reddish-gold pubescence. Eighth sternite rather narrowly

truncate at the apex, the angles not produced. First

recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse

cubital nervure, second received just before the middle of

the second cubital cell ; third abscissa of the radius nearly

twice as long as the second and about equal to the first.

Six spines on the basal joint of the fore tarsus.

Hab. Mianje, Nyasaland, 2300 ft. (S. A. Neave), October.

A very distinct species in colour, inthe position of the

first recurrent nervure, and in the even distribution of the

pubescence of the tergites.

X1LV.—On Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum from Deep-sea

Telegraph-Cables. By W.T. Caiman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Durine the last few years the British Museum (Natural

History) has received collections of deep-sea animals taken

from telegraph-cables raised for repair in the Atlantic and

in Oriental seas. Most of these collections have been obtained

by the cable-ships of the Eastern and Associated Telegraph

Companies, and the Museum is indebted to Mr. Walter

Judd, Electrician-in-Chief of these companies, who has taken

much trouble to facilitate the collecting and safe trans-

mission of the specimens. The Museum is not less indebted

to the captains and other officers, and particularly to the

medical officers of the various ships, by whom the collections

were actually made and who have supplied exact details of

the positions and depths at which the specimens were taken.

The following is a list of the ships by which the specimens

described in this paper were obtained, and indicates the

Barnacles of the Genus Sealpellum. 97

companies to which they belong and the areas in which they

were working. The companies belonging to the group of

the “Eastern and Associated Telegraph Companies’ are

distinguished by an asterisk :—

C./S. ‘ Britannia.’ *astern Telegraph Company. Capo Verde Ids,

‘ Electra.’ do. do. Gulf of Aden.

‘Sherard Osborn.’ do, do. Java—Australia.

‘Norseman.’ *Western Telegraph Company. Brazil.

* Patrol.’ *Eastern Extension, Austra- Java—Australia.

lasia, and China Telegraph

Company.

‘ Recorder.’ *Kastern Extension, Austra- Java Sea,

lasia and China Telegraph

Company.

‘ Colonia.’ Telegraph Construction and Aden-Zanzibar.

Maintenance Company.

‘Henry Holmes.’ West India and Panama West Indies.

Telegraph Company.

The bulk of the collections consists of sessile organisms

that were actually attached to the cables, and among these

the barnacles are conspicuous by their numbers and, in many

cases, by their large size. One of the specimens of Sca/pellum

nudipes mentioned below is among the largest of the pedun-

culate Cirripedes yet recorded. -

While some species of deep-sea Cirripedes are known to

have a very wide distribution, occurring in the Atlantic, the

Indian, and the Pacific Oceans, there is some evidence that

certain species are confined to more restricted habitats.

Thus, two of the species recorded below (S. nudipes and

S. persona) have been only very recently described by

Dr. Annandale from localities not far distant, and probably,

indeed, from another part of the same cable.

The ‘ new species” that are described here, like many of

those already established in the genus Sca/pellum, must not

be taken too seriously. A large proportion of the known

species of the genus have been described from solitary

specimens or from a very few, and we are without the means

for forming even the roughest estimate of the limits within

which variation may occur. Further, even where a con-

siderable number of specimens have been found growing

side by side or attached to one another (as in the group of

S. bengalense mentioned below), there is reason to believe

that they may all belong to a single family, and that the

uniformity of character which they show may be, in part,

fraternal or filial rather than specific. At the same time

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 7

98 Dr. W. T. Calman on

there is some evidence for the constancy of apparently trivial

characters in specimens from widely remote localities. A

striking example is afforded by S. acutwm, of which I have

been able to compare, side by side, specimens from the

Kermadec Islands, the Gulf of Aden, and the Cape Verde

Islands without finding any noteworthy differences.

The classification here adopted is that of Annandale (1910),

who retains, in its full extent, the old genus Scalpellum,

dividing it only into the two subgenera Smilium and Scal-

pellum, s. str. The criticisms of Annandale (1910, 1916) on

the more elaborate schemes proposed by Hoek, by Pilsbry,

and by Joleaud appear to be, on the whole, well founded.

List of Species.

Scalpellum (Smilium) trispinosum, Hoek. Java Sea, 75-175 fath.

( ) nudipes, Annendale, Java—Anstralia, 180-500 fath.

— ( ) acutum, Hoek. Gulf of Aden, 1200 fath., and Cape Verde

Ids., 990 fath.

) bengalense, Annandale. Gulf of Aden, 260 fath.

—— (Scalpellum) ecaudatum, sp. n. Java Sea, 73-175 fath.

— ( ) velutinum, Hoek. Java—Australia, 400-700 fath., and Aden-

Zanzibar, 600 fath.

—— (——) annandalei, sp. n. Gulf of Aden, 1200 fath., and Java—

Australia, 700 fath.

—— (——) regina, Pilsbry. Pernambuco, 50-150 fath.

—_( ) regulus, sp. u. Java—Australia, 800-1500 fath.

—— ( ) alcockianum, Annandale. Java-—Australia, 700 fath.

— (——) juddi, sp.n. Java-Australia, 250-400 fath.

— ( ) persona, Annandale. Java—Australia, 400 fath.

—— ( ) portoricanum, Pilsbry. Porto Rico, 180 fath.

(6 ) rubrum, Hoek. Java Sea, 73-175 tath.

—— ( ) nove-zelandie, Hoek. Gulf of Aden, 1200 fath.

—— (——) gruvelit, Annandale. Gulf of Aden, 770-1200 fath.

) daccadivicum, Annandale. Java—Australia, 400 fath.

Scalpellum (Smilium) trispinosum, Hoek.

Scalpellum trispinosum; Hoek, Rep. ‘ Challenger’ Cirripedia, 1883,

p. 72, pl. vi. figs. 15, 16.

Calantica trispinosa, Kriiger, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, math.-phys.

KL, Suppl. Bd. ii. Abh. 6, 1911, p. 11, pl. i. fig. 1, pl. ii. figs. 12, 13.

Locality. —Lat. 7° 35' S., long. 114° 30’ 30” E. (Java Sea),

73-115 fath. (C./S. ‘ Recorder’ “4:6, 1 ¢.

Remarks.—The specimens agree very closely indeed with

the holotype, the largest exceeding it only a little in size

(length of capitulum 15 mm.). The lines of growth on the

valves are not so sharp or so conspicuous as in Hoek’s

figure. There is some variation as regards the acuteness of

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 99

the tergal apex, and the occludent margins of both tergum

and scutum may be either straight or concave. The carina

has a broadly convex ridge in the middle of the roof, bor-

dered by a shallow concavity on each side, and the parietes,

which are broad above and narrow below, are inflected at a

sharp angle. In a very small specimen (capitular length

4°5 mm.) the carina is more strongly curved than in larger

specimens, and its apex, instead of projecting freely, enters

between the terga.

Kriiger’s specimens reached a much larger size (capitular

length 29 mm.), and, in some cases at least, the peduncle

greatly exceeded the length of the capitulum.

The two subequal rami of the first cirrus have, in one

specimen, 13 and 14 segments respectively ; in the sixth

cirrus the numbers are 21 and 19. The caudal appendages

resemble those figured by Annandale for S. nudipes. The

proportions of the penis and the structure of the mouth-

parts agree in general with Kriiger’s account.

One of the hermaphrodites carried a single dwarf male,

about 1:25 mm. in total length, wedged between the occlu-

dent margins of the scuta on the outer surface of the adductor

muscle. It differs considerably from Kriiger’s figure in

having the valves of the capitulum much larger and more

regularly formed. It resembles Darwin’s figure of the male

S. villosum (§ Lepadidee,’ pl. vi. fig. 4), except that the strongly

curved rostrum is much larger, the scutum more than twice

as wide as the tergum, and the mtegument without con-

spicuous spines, in these respects approaching Annandale’s

figure of the male S. nudipes. On one side the base of the

rostrum has been cracked, separating off a small plate

similar to those found by Annandale on each side of the

carina in the male of S. nudipes, and suggesting that the

latter plates are also due to accident.

Scalpellum (Smilium) nudipes, Annandale.

Scalpellum (Smilium) nudipes, Annandale, Journ, Straits Branch Roy.

Asiatic Soc. no. 74, 1916, p. 287, pl. iv. fig. 1, pl. v. figs. 1-6, pl. vi.

figs. 1, 2.

Locality.—Lat. 10° 22' 30”S., long. 120° 7’ 30” E. (Java—

Australia), 130-500 fathoms. 1 %,1 ¢%.

* This specimen, transferred to the Museum some years ago from the

Netley Hospital collection, bears on the label exactly the indications of

position and depth given by Annandale for the holotype, with the addi-

tional information that, as he suspected, the latitude is south of the line.

It may be assumed, therefore, that this specimen also formed part of the

collection made by Capt. F. Worsley of the C./S. ‘Sherard Osborn.’

100 Dr. W. T. Calman on

Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 121° 380’ E. (Java—Australia), 400

fathoms. C./S.‘ Patrol.’ 1 8.

Remarks.—The second of thetwo hermaphrodite specimens

recorded above measures 63 mm. in length of capitulum by

47 mm. in breadth, and the peduncle is 87 mm. long by

about 29 mm. in diameter in the middle. These dimensions

are considerably greater than those recorded by Annandale,

and show that the species reaches a size not exceeded, if it

be attained, by any other member of the genus.

Certain slight differences from Annandale’s description

are shown by both specimens. ‘The occludent basal angle of

the tergum is by no means acute, but, as shown in Annan-

dale’s figure, clearly obtuse. Tle apices of both tergum and

scutum may be straight or slightly recurved. The median

latus (called inframedian and sometimes upper by Annan-

dale) is quadrangular, not triangular; its posterior (or

carinal) angle does not ‘* dive beneath the carina,” but is

broadly truncated, forming a side, the shortest of the four,

parallel to the margin of the carina. The apex of the carina

is free for a short distance in one specimen, but not in the

other ; the roof is bluntly ridged in the middle and flat or

faintly concave on each side ; the parietes are very narrow

and inflected. The basal half of the carina is straight in one

specimen, gently curved in the other.

The first cirrus has the rami unequal in length, but with

about the same number of segments (20: 21 in one specimen).

The penis is laterally compressed in one specimen, as in

Annandale’s description, but in the other it is swollen; it

does not exceed one-half the length of the sixth cirrus.

Annandale states that this species “ would find a place in

the genus Calantica as redefined by Pilsbry in 1908.”

Pilsbry based the separation of Calantiea from Smilium on

the fact that in the former genus there is “no plate inter-

posed below the tergum between scutum and carina,” stating

that “in othercharacters the two groups are almost identical.”

Presumably, therefore, Annandale’s remark was suggested

by his impression of the median latus as triangular in form,

with its posterior angle overlapped by the carina. As shown

above, however, this plate is distinctly quadrilateral, and it

is interposed, as clearly as possible, between the scutum and

the carina, Sca/pe/lum nudipes is, indeed, well fitted to show

that the distinetion between Calantica and Smilium, as defined

by Pilsbry, is of little importance (as Pilsbry hin self acknow-

ledges), and that Aunandale was justified in disregarding: it.

Dr. Annandale goes on to say, “In spite of the absence of

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 101

an upper latus in the hermaphrodite it seems to me to be

probably related to such forms as Scalpellum stratum, Auri-

villius, from the West Indies, aud S. sinense, Annandale,

from the seas of Burma and China.” The affinity of S. nu-

dipes with S, sinense is at once evident on comparing the

excellent figures that Annandale has given of both species,

but I am at a loss to understand the reference to S, stratum.

Tn that species, as figured by Aurivillius, there are two

median latera, the “upper latus” and the “ inframedian

latus”’ ; in the present species, as in S. sinense, there is only

one, whatever its proper designation may be.

Male.—A very small specimen was attached between the

scuta below the level of the adductor muscle in the Netley

Hospital specimen. It is less than half the size of the young

male figured by Annandale, the capitulum measuring 1*1 mm.

in length, and it carries to a greater degree the elongation

of the capitulum which Annandale found to distinguish the

young from the adult male, the breadth being only 0°7 mm.

It further differs very remarkably in having only five

calcified valves, there being no trace of a rostrum. The

peduncle, about 0°6 mm. in length, is clothed with long sete

which are most numerous on the carinal side. The internal

structure is not well preserved, but the mandible can be seen

to have only three teeth besides the inner angle; there are

six pairs of cirri and a short penis, and the caudal appendages

are minute, unjointed, with two or three long apical sete.

If this be really an earlier stage in the development of the

male than those figured by Annandale—and there seems to

be no reason to doubt that it is—it infringes im a very signi-

ficant fashion the rule that ‘‘in all known males of the genus

in which the calcareous armature is not degenerate there are

six valves” (Annandale, ¢. c. p. 286). 1t would seem to

indicate, in fact, that the rostrum forms no part of the

‘‘ primitive armature,” which is thus reduced to that typical

of the family Lepadidee.

Scalpellum (Smilium) acutum, Hoek.

Scalpellum acutum, Hoek, Rep. ‘Challenger’ Cirripedia, 1883, p. 80,

pl. iii. fig. 19, pl. viii. fig. 12; id. ‘Siboga’ Exp. Cirripedia Pedun-

culata, 1907, p. 64, pl. vil. fig. 1.

S. (Smilium) acutum, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vy. 1910, p. 154; id.

Mem. Ind. Mus, vi. 1916, p. 129, pl. vii. fig. 4.

S. longirostrum, Gruvel, Bull. Mus. Paris, vi. 1900, p. 190; Exp.‘ Tra-

vailleur’ et ‘Talisman,’ Cirrhipédes, 1902, p. 70, pl. il. figs. 4, 5,

pl. iii. figs. 17-21.

102 Dr. W. T. Calman on

Localities. Lat. 14° 54/ N., long. 23° 42’ W. (Cape Verde

Ids.), 990 fath. C./S. ‘Britannia. 2 8.

Lat. 14° 20’ N.; long. 52° 30’ E. (Gulf of Aden), 1200

fath. C./S.‘ Electra” 5 % (N. Annandale det.).

Remarks. The seven specimens differ in no noteworthy

respect from one another or from a specimen from ‘ Chal-

lenger’ Station 170 (near Kermadec Islands), which is the

sole survivor of the four syntypes. I find no reason to

dissent from the conclusion of Hoek and Annandale that

Gruvel’s S. longirostrum is a synonym of this species,

although in none of the specimens examined is the sub-

carina so tall as in Gruvel’s figure. Two of our speci-

mens, in which the capitulum measures 12 mm. in length,

are twice as large as any hitherto recorded. ‘The penis is

short and the caudal appendages appear to be entirely

wanting.

Scalpellum (Smilium) bengalense, Annandale.

(Text-fig. 1.)

Scalpellum hengalense, Annandale, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii.

1906, p. 895; id. Ilustr. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Crust. Entom. pl. i.

fig. 5, ee Stewart, Mem. Ind. Mus. iii. 1911, p. 44, pl. vi.

tigs. 7, 10.

S. (‘Smilium) bengalense, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. v. 1910, pp. 147,

158, text-fig. 1; id. Mem. Ind. Mus. vi. 1916, p. 129, pl. vi. figs. 3, 4,

pl. vii. fig. 3, pl. viii. figs. 1-5.

Locality. Lat. 12° 43! N., long. 45° 17' E. (Gulf of Aden),

260 fath. C./S.‘Colonia.? About 50 3,3.

Remarks. Annandale has called attention to the resem-

blance which the hermaphrodite individuals of this species

bear to those of S. sguamuliferwm Weltner—a resemblance

so close that they “might almost have been considered

specifically identical,’—while the males of the two species

are remarkably different. The material now examined

confirms this general statement, but shows that the dis-

tinguishing characters as given by Annandale require some

modification.

Scalpellum bengalense was originally described from eight

syntypes and the length of the capitulum was given as 10 mm.

Annandale later stated that the type-specimens were imma-

ture and described “ adult ” specimens, but did not indicate

their size ; measurements taken from his figure published in

1916 show the capitular length to be about 14mm. The

statement as to the “immaturity ” of the original specimens

requires qualification. The British Museum received from

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 103

the Indian Museum in 1906 a specimen labelled “ Ganjam

Coast, 98-102 fathoms, Station 106, Marine Survey,” and,

although it is not so stated on the label, there can be little

doubt that it is one of the eight syntypes. This specimen

Bi geain

fe f

/ / ' , '

u ; ! }

7? ' i

‘ 4 ‘ i

Pre at

Scalpellum bengalense.

A. Syntype. Outline of body, from the side, to show the dorsal fila-

mentary appendages. JB, Carina, C. Scutum, of male specimen.

measures only 9 mm. in length of capitulum, but it carries

a mass of about 40°eggs in the mantle cavity; it is, there-

fore, sexually mature, although it has by no means attained

104 Dr. W. T. Calman on

the full size or the definitive characters of the species. The

present collection includes a number of specimens exceeding

20 mm. and one which measures 24 mm. in length of capi-

tulum, and these differ considerably in general appearance

from the small syntype.

For comparison | have examined a considerable series of

Scalpellum squamuliferum from the Bay of Bengal, received

from the Indian Museum, and four specimeus—determined

by Gruvel and mentioned by Annandale—stated to come from

Singapore. The results of this comparison, as regards the

hermaphrodite individuals, may be briefly stated as fullows :—

S. bengalense. Valves thinner, separated by distinct inter- |

spaces, cuticular covering less opaque. Upper latus

with basal margin about as long as the scutal and two-

thirds or more of width of scutum, with scuto-tergal

angle less acute (75°-90°). Inframedian latus rhom-

boidal, hardly wider than high. Rostrum straighter as

seen from side. Carina narrower, its width at base

less than one-sixth of its length. Peduncle much less

strongly annulated, the ridges separated by narrow and

shallow grooves. Scelerites of peduncle ovoid or pyri-

form nodules, rarely more than twice as long as wide,

arranged in oblique rows ascending from rostral to

carinal side of peduncle and more or less interrupted

on carinal side; even in large specimens these rows,

while less regular than in small specimens, are not alto-

gether masked by the transverse annulations. Dorsal

filamentary appendages usually three in number,

sometimes two, or (teste Annandale) absent.

S. squamuliferum. Valves thicker, all in contact or nearly

so, cuticle more opaque. Upper latus with basal

margin one-half to two-thirds as long as scutal, and

more than one-half of width of scutum, with scuto-

tergal angle more acute (50°-65°). Inframedian latus

nearly triangular and about twice as wide as high.

Rostrum more curved. Carina wider, its width at base

more than one-fifth of its length. Peduncle strongly

annulated, the ridges separated by deep grooves which,

in places, are wider than the ridges. Scelerites rod-

shaped, up to five times as long as thick, crowded

together on the ridges and absent from the furrows, so

that the arrangement in oblique-rows seen in the

young is absent or obscured in large individuals; the

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 105

interruption of the rows on the carinal side is never

extensive. ‘Two dorsal filamentary appendages.

As regards the filamentary appendages, which Annandale

calls “ ovigerous lamelle,”’ and which he states are absent in

S. bengalense, their presence in the syntype above men-

tioned and in the ten other specimens dissected shows that

their absence must be considered exceptional. In the syn-

type (fig. 1, A) and in eight of the other specimens there are

three of these filaments depending from the tergal surface

of the prosoma, a short one being interposed between the

two longer and nearer to the posterior one. In one speci-

men the short process is reduced to a papilla, and in another

the posterior filament gives off two short branches near its

base. In two specimens the two long filaments alone are

present as in S. squamuliferum. Some half-dozen specimens

of the latter species were examined as to this point, and all

agreed with Annandale’s description and figures.

In none of our specimens of either species is the peduncle

much longer than the capitulum.

The males, of which only three specimens (two on one

hermaphrodite) were found, agree very well in general form

with Annandale’s figure of 1910, less well with that of 1916

or with Stewart’s figure of 1911. With regard to the valves

of the capitulum, Annandale’s description runs, “ Capitulum

entirely without calcified valves, or with a pair of amorphous

scuta, or occasionally with minute terga in addition to such

scuta”’ (Annandale, 1910, p. 154). Two of our specimens

were removed for examination and found to disagree with

this account. They show no signs of terga, but possess a

pair of scuta (fig. 1,C) which by no means deserve the

epithet “amorphous,” and, in addition, a large and symme-

trically-developed carina (fig. 1, B). The whole surface of

capitulum and peduncle is covered with sete arranged in

regular transverse rows. Over the greater part of the surface

these sete are uniformly short, but towards the carinal side

of the capitulum they become lengthened, forming a thick

brush running along each margin of the carina but not

covering the carina itself. This brush is roughly indicated

in Annandale’s figure of 1910.

The males were attached close to the margin of the scutum,

external to the adductor muscle and just below a fold of cuticle

which forms the lower lip of the mantle-opening. The

slender peduncle is curved upwards and backwards over this

lip, so that the body of the male projects into the mantle-

106 Dr. W. T. Calman on

cavity and hes on the upper surface of the adductor. In

S. squamuliferum the males which I have examined were

attached in the fossa between the margins of the two scuta,

external to or below the adductor muscle *,

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) ecaudatum, sp.n. (Text-fig. 2.)

Locality. Lat. 7° 35' 8., long. 114° 80’ 30” E. (Java Sea),

73-175 fath. C./S.‘ Recorder.’ 1 9 (holotype).

Description.—Capitulum compressed, rather elongated.

Valves 14, all in contact, covered with a thin cuticle which

does not conceal the sculpturing and carries minute setze

scattered, for the most part, in rows along the lines of

growth. All the valves boldly sculptured with ribs radiating

from the umbones; the lines of growth marked by fine and

inconspicuous strize. Terguwm rather more than twice as long

as wide, occludent margin straight, scutal margin nearly so,

carinal margin convex, becoming straight or faintly concave

near the acute apex. Scutwm twice as long as wide, occlu-

dent margin convex, other margins straight, apex slightly

overlapping tergum. Carina less than five times as long as

it is wide at the base, evenly curved, with the umbo apical,

entering between the terga, with a flat roof bordered by

strong ridges; parietes rather deep, sloping inwards.

Upper latus quadrangular, scutal margin very slightly con-

cave, longer than the others, which are straight. Rostrum

small, triangular, overlapped at sides by rostral latera.

Rostral latus more than three times as wide as it is high,

with a pair of horizontal ribs converging to the umbo.

Inframedian latus very narrow, the sides converging to the

umbo, then diverging slightly in a small apical extension

beyond. Carinal latus with the recurved umbo projecting

behind and to the side of the carina; the convex margin

below the umbo less than half as long as the straight margin

above it which abuts against the carina; the two latera meet

below the square base of the carina (fig. 2, B).

Peduncle a little shorter than capitulum, closely set with

imbricated scales in about 14 longitudinal rows of 11 scales

each,

* The statements as to the place of attachment of the males in

the genus Scalpellum in my account of the Crustacea in Lankester’s

‘Treatise on Zoology’ (pt. vii. fase. 3, p. 119) are, unfortunately, mis-

leading. The less-moditied males are, as a rule, attached in the position

described above for S. sguamuliferum. The more highly modified males

ave usually lodged in fossettes on the scutal margins. I know of no case

where they are placed far within the mantle-cavity in this genus.

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 107

Mandible (fig. 2,C) with four teeth (including inner angle),

the interval between the two distal nearly twice that between

the two proximal teeth. Mavillula (fig. 2, D) with inner edge

Fig. 2.

Scalpellum ecaudatum, holotype.

A. Capitulum, from the side.

C. Mandible. D. Maxillula.

B. Base of carina and earinal latera.

concave or notched below a distal group of strong spines.

first cirrus with rami unequal, of 9 and 11 segments, exopod

108 Dr. W. T. Calman on

not greatly expanded. Siath cirrus with rami of about 22

segments, middle segments bearing four pairs of spines

anteriorly and a group of long distal sete posteriorly; no

conspicuous spines or setz on inner face of endopod seg-

ments. Caudal appendages absent. Penis absent. No

males were found.

Measurements. Length of capitulum 13:0 mm., breadth

7-0 mm.; length of peduncle 10 mm., diameter 4°5 mm.

Remarks. Tn Hoek’s classification of the genus this species

would find a place in the section (or subgenus) drcoscal-

pellum and in “ Group c,” of which S. hamatum is the type.

From most of the species forming this group it is dis-

tinguished by the strongly ribbed valves, resembling in this

respect some species of Hoek’s ‘Group d” (S. formosum, &c.);

but it appears to be separated from all the members of both

groups by the very low rostro-lateral plates. The structure

of the appendages does not appear to have been described

in any closely related species, but the complete absence of

caudal appendages is, at all events, very unusual in the

genus. Gruvel mentions, as the only example of this defi-

ciency, the widely different S. villosum, and to this, as

mentioned above, the hardly less different S. acutum must

now be added.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) velutinum, Hoek.

Scalpellum velutinum, Hoek, Rep. ‘Challenger’ Cirripedia, 1883, p. 96,

pl. iv. figs. 10, 11, pl. ix. figs. 7-9; Gruvel, Exp. ‘Travailleur’ et

‘Talisman,’ Cirrhipédes, 1902, pp. 56, 136, pl. i. figs. 8 e, 14, pl. iii.

figs. 1, 27-31, pl. iv. figs. 6, 11-22; Pilsbry, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.

Ix. 1907, p. 26, pl. ii. figs. 2,3; Annandale, Illustr. Zool. ‘ Investi-

gator,’ Crust. Entom. pl. iv. fig. 7 (1908) ; id. Ree. Indian Mus. ix.

1918, p. 229.

S. eximium, Hoek, Rep. ‘Challenger’ Cirripedia, 1883, p. 100, pl. iv.

figs. 6, 7, pl. ix. figs. 10, 10*.

S. sordidum, Aurivillius, Bull. Soe. Zool. France, xxiii. 1898, p. 190.

S. alatum, Gruvel, Bull. Mus. Paris, vi. 1900, p. 192.

Localities. Lat. 8° 46’ S., long. 114° 44’ HE. (Java—

Australia), 400 fath. C./S. ‘Recorder. 1 ?.

Lat. 10° 45’ S., long. 120° 50’ EH. (Java—Australia),

700-fath. C./S.* Patrol? Tee

Lat. 11° 0' S., long. 121° 30’ E. (Java—Australia),

500 fath. C./S.‘ Patrol’ 3 @.

Lat. 11° 0’ S., long. 122° 0’ E. (Java—Australia),

600 fath. C./S. ‘ Patrol?, “Sage

Aden-Zanzibar cable, about 600 fath. C./S. ‘Colonia.’

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 109

Remarks. Gruvel and other writers have already admitted

a considerable range of variation in the characters of this

species, and I therefore record as belonging to it a number

of specimens which differ a good deal from one another and

from the holotype. Most of the specimens group them-

selves round Hoek’s paratypes from Cape St. Vincent, and

with this series the holotype of S. eximium may be asso-

ciated, as well as most of the specimens described or figured

by later authors. The holotype of S. velutinum differs

especially in having much wore numerous, narrower, and

more closely set peduncular scales. In addition, the tergum

is longer and narrower, the scuto-tergal angle of the upper

latus is more acute (about 47°), and that valve has no por-

tion of its convex base touching or opposed to the carina.

The specimen recorded above from lat. 10° 45’ S., long.

120° 50! E., differs a good deal from all the others, and is only

placed here with some doubt. The width of the carina at

the base is hardly more than one-fifth of its length, and the

marginal ridges of the roof are wanting altogether in the

lower half and only slightly marked towards the apex. The

upper latus has the scuto-tergal angle less acute (about 70°),

and the curved basal margin extends upwards alongside the

carina for some distance, the tergum being correspondingly

shorter.

In all the specimens the caudal appendages are rather

stout and do not differ greatly in length from the peduncle

of the sixth cirrus. They seem to consist of from four to six

segments, but, as Gruvel notes, some of the seven or eight

segments which he counts are very indistinct. The carina is

by no means always, as Pilsbry states, ‘‘ squarely truncate ”

below; in many specimens jit is rounded or even, as in the

holotype of Hoek’s S. eximium, distinctly angled. In none

of our specimens is there any trace of a penis.

Annandale’s record from 1200 fathoms (Rec. Ind. Mus.

ix. 1903, p. 230) refers, as shown below, not to this but to

the next species.

Scalpelluin (Scalpellum) annandalei, sp. 0.

(Text-fig. 3.)

Locality.— Lat. 14° 20’ N., long. 52° 30/ BE, (Gulf of Aden),

1200 fath. C./S. ‘Electra.’ 1 § (holotype).

Lat. 10° 45’ S., long. 120° 50’ EH. (Java—Australia), 700

fath. C./S.‘ Patrol.’ 1 8 (paratype).

Description.—Capitulum oblong-oval, its height more than

A. Lateral view before removal of cuticle. B. Capitulum with cuticle ~

removed to show outline of caleareous valves. C. Rostrum and

I). Base of carina and carinal latera. E. Mandible.

F’. Base of sixth cirrus and caudal appendage.

rostral lateia.

Sca’pellum annandalei, holotype.

. 4

Ay Thee

all

Dr. W. T. Calman on ¥ /

Fig. 3.

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 1

half as great again as its width, the 14 valves covered with

opaque “cuticle, only the umbones exposed (fig. 3, A), the

surface with avery short velvety pile; on removing the

cuticle the valves are seen to be separated by rather wide

chitinous interspaces (fig. 3, B). Tergum quadrilateral, with

nearly straight sides, about twice as long as wide, with

rather widely spaced and not very prominent lines of

growth, and with a faint ridge running from the apex to the

basal angle; the straight occludent margin forms a slight

angle with that of the scutum. Scutum triangular, with the

inner margin obtusely angled about its middle, so that the

valve becomes almost quadrilateral, about twice as high as it

is wide, apex very slightly recurved, occludent margin slightly

convex. Carina simply bowed, nearly straight im its lower

half, umbo apical, touching but not entering between the

terga, lower end rounded, more or less widely separated from

carinal latera (fig. 3, D) ; roof strongly convex, not defined

from the parietes. Upper latus triangular, with umbo at the

acute scuto-tergal angle, basal and tergal margins convex,

scutal margin concave. Rostral latera (fig. 3,C) very low,

apices incurved, separated by the minute rostrum. Infra-

median latus small, triangular, about as high as it is wide at

the base. Carinal /atus much wider than high, not projecting

behind the carina, umbo at upper end, a more or less distinct

ridge extending from umbo toinnerangle. The two carinal

latera do not meet behind (fig. 8, D).

Peduncle short, with large plates, not imbricated, arranged

in six longitudinal rows of about five plates each. Free

margins of plates rounded except in the carinal series, where

they are bluntly angled.

Mandible (fig. 3, EZ) with four teeth (including inner angle),

the interval between the two distal twice that between the

second and third. Cirrt purplish or greenish. First cirrus

with rami of about 9 and 14 segments. Siwth cirrus with

rami of about 86 segments which about the middle bear

three pairs of long spines anteriorly with a few finer sctze

between. Caudal appendages (fig. 3, F) in holotype less than

twice as long as peduncle of sixth cirrus, with 13 segments,

in paratype more than twice as long as peduncle and with

25 segments. Penis about as long as caudal appendages,

tapering, without conspicuous sete.

Measurements.—Length of capitulum 20 mm., breadth

12°5 mm. ; length of peduncle 11 mm., diameter 7 mm.

Remarks.—This_ species belongs to the group Arco-

scalpellum, and by its wide carinal latera with the umbo

b id be Dr. W. T. Calman on

near the upper margin, its valves separated by wide inter-

Spaces, and its carina with a rounded roof it is brought into

proximity with such forms as S. giganteum, Gruvel. From

that species it is separated by the narrower and more oblong

form of the capitulum withstraighter carina, by the differently

shaped carinal latus with the upper angle not above the

level of the umbo, and by the long and many-jointed caudal

appendages.

The specimen described as the holotype formed part of a

small collection which was kindly determined for the

British Museum some years ago by Dr. Annandale. By

some mischance, which cannot now be explained, the speci-

men was returned bearing the label “ S. velutinum,” although

its distinctness from that species seems obvious to a much

less practised eye than Dr. Annandale’s. Unfortunately the

record has been published by Dr. Annandale (Rec. Ind.

Mus. ix. 1913, p. 230). The paratype, although from a

widely distant locality, agrees very closely with the holotype

in external characters. It differs, however, in having the

caudal appendages longer and composed of a larger number

of segments.

It is possible that the specimen figured by Hoek in his

‘Siboga’ Report (p. 85, pl. vii. fig. 13) as S. moluccanum

belongs to the species here described. The figure, however,

shows the capitulum to be a good deal wider, and some’

details of the valves can hardly be reconciled with the

specimens examined by me. The true S. moluccanum, as

represented by the holotype in the ‘ Challenger’ collection,

is widely different from the present species ; it has the roof

of the carina angled in the middle and separated by well-

marked angles from the parietes, the valves all in contact

or nearly so, the rostral latera much deeper, and the caudal

appendages of seven segmeuts.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) regina, Pilsbry.

Scalpellum regina, Pilsbry, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, lx, 1907, p. 31, pl. ii.

firs 4-6,

Locality.—Lat. 7° 87' S., long. 34° 264’ W. (off Pernam-

buco), 50-150 fath. C./S. ‘Norseman.’ 2 &.

Remarks.—In general these specimens agree so closely

with Pilsbry’s description and figures that there can be little

doubt that they belong to the species described by him.

‘I'he most conspicuous difference is the greater width of the

scutum, which is not twice as long as wide (16x 29 mm.).

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 113

The carina of one specimen shows faint traces of marginal

ridges to the roof. The rostral latus, and especially the

inframedian latus, are wider than the figure, the latter valve

being about twice as wide as high.

Pilsbry does not describe any of the appendages. The

mandible has four teeth, the interval between the two distal

less than twice that between second and third. The cirri

are pale. The first cirrus has rami not very unequal, with

18 and 20 segments, and the exopod is slender in its distal

third. The sivth cirrus has 86 segments in the exopod,

with five pairs of spines on the middle segments. The caudal

appendages are about half as long as the sixth cirrus, with

26-380 segments. The penis is slightly longer than the

caudal appendages, slender, tapering, with a few scattered

setze on its distal part.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) regulus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 4.)

Locality.—Lat. 9° 15'S., long. 115° 10’ E. (Java—Aus-

tralia), 800-1500 fath. C./S.‘ Patrol.’ 22.

Description—Resembling S. regina, Pilsbry. Valves

covered with opaque velvety cuticle with only the umbones

exposed ; separated from each other by rather wide chitinous

interspaces; with well-marked but not prominent and

rather widely-spaced lines of growth. Tergum nearly twice

as long as wide, occludent margin straight, carinal margin

strongly and scutal margin slightly convex ; no distinct

apico-basal ridge. Scutuwm less than twice as long as wide,

occludent margiu nearly straight, lateral margin convex,

passing without marked angle into the straight tergal

margin ; apex acuminate, slightly recurved. Carina arcuate

throughout its length, less than six times as long as wide

at base; umbo apical, entering between terga, roof slightly

convex, without marginal ridges, parietes very narrow, at

right angles to roof, base rounded or angled. Upper latus with

tergal margin convex and scutal margin concave, so that the

acute apex is turned forwards ; carino-basal margin convex,

forming an almost even curve. Rostrum very small, trian-

gular, separating the rostral latera. Rostral latus low, with

an oblique ridge from the umbo. Jnframedian latus trian-

cular, nearly equilateral. Carnal latus shaped. much as in

S. regina, but with umbo closely appressed to, and not pro-

jecting behind, the carina (fig. 4, B).

Peduncle about as long as capitulum, with large over-

lapping scales arranged in 10-12 rows of 11-18 scales each.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. 1. 8

114 Dr. W. T. Calman on

Mandible (fig..4, C) with four teeth, interval between the

two distal only a little greater than that between second and

third. Ciéirri purplish, lighter towards the tip. Rami of

Scalpellum regulus, holotype.

A, Lateral view, with cuticle removed from capitulum. B. Base of’

carina and carinal latera. C. Mandible. D. First cirrtis (sete

omitted). EK. Base of sixth cirrus and caudal appendage.

first cirrus (fig. 4, D) with 8 and 12 segments, exopod not

very slender distally. Si#th cirrus with about 30 segments

in exopod, with five pairs of spines on middle segments.

ee Eee a Se

eat t

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 115

Caudal appendages (fig. 4, E) equal to or a little longer than

peduncle of sixth cirrus, of 4 or 5 segments. Penis absent.

- Measurements.— Length of capitulum 36 mm., breadth

22 mm. ; length of peduncle 35 mm., diameter 13. mm.

Remarks.— Regarding only the characters of the capitular

plates, the differences separating this species from S, regina

are so little marked as hardly to suffice for the discrimination

of-the species. The most important, perhaps, are the form

of the upper latus, with its acute and curved apex, and the

less projecting umbo of the carinal latus. The value of these

differences, however, is greatly enhanced by the very striking

differences shown by the appendages. The mandible has a

relatively smaller interval between ‘the distal teeth; the cirri

are shorter and the rami of the first cirrus have fewer

segments ; the caudal appendages are very short and com-

posed of few segments, and the penis is absent. In certain

characters, such as the form of the upper latus and the

number of segments in the cirri and caudal appendages, the

species approaches S. regium, but it differs widely from it in

the form of the carinal latus, which in that species is much

higher and has an apical umbo.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) alcockianum, Annandale.

Scalpellum alcockianum, Annandale, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii.

1906, p. 392; id. Illustr. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crust. Entom. pl. i.

fig. 2, pl. it. figs. 2-2 6 (1907) 3 id. Rec. ‘Ind. Mus. ix. 1913, p. 229;

id. Mem. Ind. Mus. vi. 1916, p. 129, pl. vi. figs. 5-5 0.

Locality.—Lat. 10° 45' S., long. 120° 50’ E. (Java—Aus-

tralia), 700 fath. C./S.‘ Patrol.” 1 8.

Remarks.—The specimen, which has almost exactly the

dimensions recorded by Annandale except that the peduncle

is a little longer, agrees very well with a somewhat smaller

specimen received from the Indian Museum, and apparently

one of the syntypes. In both specimens the capitulum is

inflated in its upper part, less strongly in the syntype than

in the new specimen, where the main swelling seems to be

over the areas between the tergum and neighbouring valves ;

the swelling is not due to a thickening of the wall, but to

an expansion of the mantle-cavity.

In the present specimen the calcareous valves are rather’

more widely separated than in the syntype, the occludent

margins of terga and scuta form an even curve rather than

a projecting angle, and the upper latus has its scutal margin

more concave. In both specimens the scutum is more than

116 Dr. W. T. Calman on

twice as long as its basal width. In the new specimen the

mandible has the proximal tooth more produced and acute

than in Annandale’s figure and the interval between it and

the second equal to that between the second and third teeth ;

there is no accessory tooth on the inner margin of the distal

tooth. The rami of the first cirrus have 10 and 15 seg-

ments and the caudal appendages, which are little less than

half as long as the sixth cirri, have about 22 segments. No

males are attached to either specimen.

In Annandale’s key to the Indian species of the subgenus

Scalpellum (Rec. Ind. Mus. ix. 1913, p. 228) the entry

relating to this species should apparently read “ margins of

tergum moderately excavated,” imstead of “ not excavated.”

’

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) juddi, sp. 1.

(Text-figs. 5, 6, 7.)

Localities.—Lat. 11° 0' S., long. 121° 30’ E. (Java—Aus-

tralia), 400 fath. C./S.‘ Patrol” 1 ? (holotype).

Lat. 10° 25'S., long. 120° 8’ E. (Java—Australia), 250 fath.

C./S. ‘Patrol.’ 1 ¢ with ¢ 3 (paratype).

Description.—Female, Capitulum compressed, oval, notched

above, with 14 calcareous valves embedded in—and, except at

the umboneés, entirely concealed by—a thick cartilaginous

layer. On the outer surface, which is covered with a very

short velvety pubescence, the areas of the valves are defined

by grooves and the lines of growth are strongly marked

(fig. 5,A). On paring away the cartilaginous layer the

calcareous valves are seen to be widely separated, but with

the margins not markedly excavated and with the lines of

growth shallow and rather widely spaced (fig. 5, B). The

following description apples to the calcareous valves, not to

the superficial areas, except where the latter are mentioned.

Tergum irregularly triangular, apex projecting above that

of carina, recurved; carinal margin angled above the middle,

upper portion concave, lower straight or slightly convex ;

scutal margin slightly sinuous; occludent margin slightly

convex, forming an even curve with margin of scutum.

Scutum triangular, basal width more than half its height,

apex overlapping tergum, occludent margin slightly convex,

other two sides nearly straight, inner angle rounded. Carina

eveuly curved, its apex projecting freely for a short distance

and touching or entering between the terga, its base rounded

and widely separated from carinal latera; roof strongly

convex, defined by a slight ridge on each side from the

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 117

narrow parietes (holotype) or slightly convex, forming

prominent angles with the parietes (paratype). Upper latus

triangular, base convex, scutal margin very slightly concave.

Rostrum (fig. 5,C) a horizontal triangular plate, deeply

ad -"-r ?

re a

Scalpellum juddi, holotype.

A. Lateral view before removal of cuticle. B. Capitulum with cuticle

removed to show outline of caleareous valves. C. Rostrum and

rostral latera. D. Base of carina and carinal latera.

embedded, overlapped by rostral latera. Rostral latus also

nearly horizontal, so that hardly more than the edge is seen

in lateral view; apices incurved and separated only by apex

118 Dr. W. T. Calman on

ofrostrum. Inframedian latus small, triangular, set obliquely

with the apex near the surface and the base deeply embedded.

Carinal latus also set obliquely, much broader than high,

with umbo in line with upper margin, recurved and slightly

projecting laterally but hardly posteriorly, not meeting its

fellow below the carina (fig.5, D). The outline of the carinal

Scalpellum judd, holotype.

A. Exopod of sixth cirrus and caudal appendage (seta omitted).

B. Caudal appendage. C. Mandible. D. Maxillula.

latus as defined by grooves on the external surface differs

widely from that of the calcareous valve just described,

extending well above the umbo, having three points or

angles, one between carina and upper latus, one between

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 119

upper and inframedian latera, and one meeting the carinal

angle of the inframedian latus ; to each of these points a

strong curved ridge runs from the umbo.

Peduncle about as long as or shorter than capitulum, with

large transverse plates, not overlapping, widely spaced in

holotype, more closely set in paratype, in five longitudinal

rows of ]1 to 15 plates. ;

Mandible (fig. 6,C) with four teeth, the middle interspace

the shortest. Mazillula (fig. 6,D) with oral edge sinuous,

with a large spine at its proximal third and another at its

Fig. 7

to)

Scalpellum juddi, holotype.

A. Segment of exopod of sixth cirrus. B. First cirrus (sete omitted).

distal end. Cirri pale purplish. First cirrus (fig. 7, B) with

exopod much expanded, of 12 segments, endopod of 16.

Sixth cirrus with about 88 segments in exopod, five pairs of

long spines with shorter setze between on middle segments

(fig. 7, A). Caudal appendages (fig. 6, A, B) equal to peduncle

of sixth cirrus, of six segments (holotype), or a little longer

than peduncle, of eight segments (paratype). Penis abseut.

Male. In the paratype about fifteen males and larve were

attached inside the margin of the scutum on one side and

three or four on the other. The males are saccular or flask-

shaped, with a very short neck, and the outer surface is

120 Dr. W. T. Calman on

spinose. Four very small calcified valves are clearly visible

in some specimens, but in others no trace of these is to be

detected.

Measurements.—Female (holotype). Length of capitulum

43 mm., breadth 86 mm., thickness 19 mm.; length of

peduncle 48 mm., diameter 21 mm.

Male. About 0°8 x 0°45 mm.

Remarks.—A group of species within the section Arco-

scalpellum of Hoek is characterized by the great thickness

of the cartilaginous substance of the capitulum, so that the

calcareous valves are entirely or all but entirely concealed.

The group includes, in Oriental seas, S. alcockianum and

S. persona, Annandale, from both of which the species now

described is separated by the brevity of the caudal appendages

and by various small characters of the calcareous valves, the

non-excavated margins of the terga being perhaps the most

important. In the Atlantic the most closely related species

is S. giganteum, Gruvel, which is distinguished by various

details of the capitular valves and by the truncate, almost

clavate, form of the short caudal appendages. From all

these species that now described appears to differ further in

the flattened parietes of the carina and in having no penis.

This last character is probably of great importance as a

specific distinction, although Pilsbry has stated that in

S. regium the penis may be present or absent (Bull. U.S.

Nat. Mus. lx. 1907, p. 28), or, in other words, the large

individuals of the species may be either hermaphrodite or

purely female *.

The specific name is chosen in recognition of the part

taken by Mr. Walter Judd in obtaining for the Museum the

very interesting collection now described.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) persona, Annandale.

Scalpellum persona, Aunandale, Jour. Straits Branch. Roy. Asiatic

Soc. No. 74, 1916, p. 295, pl. iv. fig. 8, pl. v. figs. 7, 8, pl. vi.

fies, 3-5.

Locality.—Lat. 8° 46' S., long. 114° 44’ E. (Java—Aus-

tralia), 400 fath. C./S. ‘Recorder.’ 8 8.

Remarks.—The specimens agree well with the descriptions

* Pilsbry implies that only one specimen of S. regiwm was examined

by Hoek as to this character. There were at least six syntypes, but only

two now survive, and one of these is imperfect ; the other has no penis.

On the other hand, the holotype of S. regiwm, var. ovale (which, from

other characters, may possibly deserve specific rank), has a penis.

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 121

and figures of Annandale, but the largest is only about two-

thirds of the size shown by his figure (no measurements are

recorded in the text). Further, the surface of the capitulum,

instead of being glabrous, is covered with a very short and

fine velvety pubescence with longer hairs scattered at

intervals. The largest specimen shows an inflation of the

capitulum like that described above in S. alcockianum. The

angular projection of the peduncular scales is very prominent

and characteristic.

The cirri are light-coloured. The caudal appendages are

about twice as long as the peduncle of the sixth cirrus and

have 13 to 16 segments. No males were found.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) portoricanum, Pilsbry.

Scalpellum portoricanum, Pilsbry, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. lx. 1907, p. 35,

text-fig. 8.

Locality.—Lat. 18° 31' N., long. 66° 19’ W. (Off Porto

Rico), 180 fath. C./S.‘ Henry Holmes.’ 2 8%.

Remarks.—The two specimens differ from the description

of the typical S. portoricanum in having the cuticle covered

with a close but very short velvety pile (the subspecies

intonsum is said to be “‘ rather densely hairy”). The valves

are all in contact, as in the figure of the subspecies. The

marginal ridges of the carina are obsolescent and the area

between them slightly convex ; the base of the carina is

angled. The carinal latera do not spread outwards quite so

much as in the figures. The rostral latus approaches closely

the proportions of that figured for the typical form. The

inframedian latus is wider at the base than it is high, but

shows the characteristic curvature of the apex towards the

scutum. The peduncle is as long as the capitulum. The

peduncular plates of the larger specimen are more trans-

versely elongated than in tie figure of the type and not

close-set and overlapping as in that of the subspecies.

There are seven longitudinal rows of about eleven plates in

the larger specimen. ‘I'he capitular valves show traces of a

reddish colouring arranged in bands following the lines of

growth.

Although the larger of our two specimens is more than

twice the size of the holotype, the agreement in all characters

except those mentioned above appears close enough to

warrant its identification with this species.

No account of the appendages is given by Pilsbry. The

122 Dr. W. T. Calman on

following particulars are taken from the larger of our

specimens. Mandible with four teeth, the interval between

the two distal not quite twice that between first and second.

First cirrus with exopod considerably expanded, segments

12and 15. Sixth cirrus with about 35 segments in exopod,

five pairs of spines on middle segments with shorter sete

between, no conspicuous sete on inner face of endopod.

Caudal appendages as long as peduncle of sixth cirrus,

slender, with a stouter base, consisting of about 7 segments.

Penis stout, tapering to an acute tip, at least half as long as

sixth cirrus.

This species is evidently closely allied to the Malayan

S. sociabile, Annandale, a species which, like that of Pilsbry,

includes named varieties. As regards the capitular valves,

the differences between West Indian and Malayan specimens

are not great, the relatively longer carina extending beyond

the distal third of the tengum in the present species, and

the more complete disappearance of the marginal ridges of

that valve in S. sociabile being perhaps the most important.

The scuto-tergal angle of the upper latus is more acute in

S. sociabile. The caudal appendages, however, differ con-

siderably. In S. sociabile the basal segment is greatly

expanded, and exceeds the length of the distal segments

together. In S. portoricanum the basal segment is little

expanded and not more than half as long as the distal

portion.

If our specimens are correctly identified with Pilsbry’s

species their occurrence so near the type-locality is suggestive

of a very restricted area of distribution.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) rubrum, Hoek.

Scalpellum rubrum, Hoek, Rep. ‘ Challenger ’ Cirripedia, 1883, p. 91,

pl. iv. fig. 18; Pilsbry, Bull. Bur, Fish. Washington, ‘xxix. 1911,

p. 62, pl. viii. figs. 1-4, text-fig. 1.

Locality —Lat. 7° 85’ S8., long. 114° 30’ 80’ EK. (Java Sea),

78-175 fath. C./S. ‘ Recorder. 1:9.

Remarks.—The holotype in the ‘ Challenger’ collection

is very minute (length of capitulum 5 mm.), but Pilsbry

has described and figured specimens of 17 mm. capitular

length. The specimen in the present collection is nearly

twice as large (capit. length 32 mm.) as those described by

Pilsbry, but is without doubt referable to the same species.

It shows no trace of red coloration except on the upper part

of the roof of the carina. The tergum is more than twice

Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum. 123

as long as wide and its occludent margin is nearly straight.

The rostral latus is a good deal lower than in Pilsbry’s

figure and the inframedian latus is twice as broad at the

base as it is high. The fifth cirri have about 25 segments,

the median ones with four to five pairs of large and one pair

of smaller spines anteriorly, and five to seven sete on inner

face of middle segments of endopod. The caudal appendages

are very slender and have about 20 segments. The penis is

about half as long as the sixth pair of cirri, stout, tapering,

and pilose except near the tip. Pilsbry describes it as

“extremely long and slender, with some short, very sparsely

scattered, hairs.”” In other respects the specimen agrees

very well. with Pilsbry’s account. The minute holotype,

which is now somewhat imperfect, agrees generally with

Pilsbry’s figure, although with slight differences in the

proportions of the plates, no doubt correlated with the

great difference in size. The caudal appendages have about

6 or 7 segments and do not exceed the peduncle of the sixth

cirri in length. One characteristic feature shown by the

holotype, by Pilsbry’s figure, and very conspicuously by the

present specimen, is the prominence of the carinal row of

peduncular plates which project as a series of teeth, bluntly

angular and shghtly curved downwards,

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) nove-zelandie, Hoek.

Scalpellum nove-zelandie, Hoek, Rep. ‘ Challenger’ Cirripedia, 1883,

p- 124, pl. v. figs. 7,8; Gruvel, Exp. ‘ Travailleur’ et ‘Talisman,’

Cirhipédes, 1902, p. 54, pl. ii. tigs. 12, 13,15; Annandale, Ilustr.

Zool. ‘ Investigator’ Crust. Entom. pl. v. fig. 7 (1908) ; id. Rec. Ind.

Mus. ix. 1913, p. 231.

Locality. —Uat. 14° 20' N., long. 52° 30' E. (Gulf of Aden),

1200 fath. _©./S..* Electra 2 9.

Remarks..—Our specimens were identified by Dr. Annan-

dale and I leave them under the name which he gave them.

It is to be noted, however, that the larger of the two

(capitular length 17 mm.) has the roof of the carina

distinctly convex and the apex extending further towards

the tip of the tergum than it does in the holotype. Both

features tend to assimilate the specimen to the closely

alhed S. flavum, Hoek. ‘The other specimen differs still

more from the holotype, but as it is much damaged it

seems unnecessary to discuss its characters at length.

124 On Barnacles of the Genus Scalpellum.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) gruvelii, Annandale.

Scalpellum gruvelii, and var. quadratum, Annandale, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 8390; id. Herdman’s Rep. Ceylon Pearl

Oyster Fisheries, Roy. Soc. v. 1906, p. 141, text-fig. 4; id. Illustr.

Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crust. Entom. pl. i. fig. 1, pl. i1. figs. 1, 1 a, 3

(1907); id. Ree. Ind. Mus. ix. 19138, p. 232.

Scalpellum chitinosum, Hoek, ‘ Siboga’ Exp., Cirripedia Pedunculata,

1907, p. 738, pl. vii. fig. 4.

Localities —Lat. 12° N., long. 46° E. (Gulf of Aden),

(7/0 fath. _-C./8.s Colonia.’ >, 1597.

Iuat.” 14° 20', N.;. long. 52°°30' E. (Gulf of Aden);

1200 fath. C./S. ‘ Electra” 19. (Annandale det.)

Remarks.—In view of the variability’ which Annandale

attributes to this species, and of the fact that one of the

specimens was determined by him, they may both be recorded

under this name, although I am not altogether satisfied as to

the characters that are said to distinguish the species from

some others, such as S. curiosum, Hoek. In the characters

of the cirri and of the mandible one of our specimens agrees

well with the figures given by Pilsbry (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.

Ix. 1907, p. 75) for his S. imperfectum, which Annandale

suggests as a possible synonym for this species.

Scalpellum (Scalpellum) laccadivicum, Annandale.

Scalpellum laccadivicum and var. investigatoris, Annandale, Ann, &

Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 393; id. Illustr. Zool. ‘ Investi-

gator,’ Crust. Entom. pl. i. figs. 8, 4 (1907); id. Rec. Ind. Mus. ix. .

1913, p. 235.

Scalpellum subflavum, id. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. 1906, p. 397 ;

id. Illustr. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Crust. Entom. pl. i. fig. 6 (1907).

Scalpellum polymorphum, Hoek, ‘Siboga’ Exp., Cirripedia Pedun-

culata, 1907, p. 80, pl. vii. figs. 9-11.

Locality.—Lat. 8° 46' 8., long. 114° 44/ E. (Java—Aus-

tralia), 400 fath. C./S.‘ Recorder. 19.

Remarks.—The synonomy given by Annandale and repro-

duced above implies a range of variation that may well

include our single specimen which approaches Annandale’s

S. subflavum. It seems also possible that S. longius and

S. lambda, Annandale, concerning the specific distinctness

of which from one another Annandale expresses himself as

doubtful, might also be included within the limits of the

same specific name.

On new Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 125

XV.—Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamily

Pyraustine. By Sir Greorce F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S.,

&e.

(Continued from ser, 8, vol. xx. p. 384.]

(27 a) Pilocrocis metachrysias, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax black-brown glossed with silvery blue ;

abdomen orange-yellow, the anal tuft black-brown at extremity

with a leaden gloss; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

orange-yellow, the fore tarsi black at extremities, the mid and hind

tarsi with black streaks below towards extremities. Fore wing

black-brown glossed with silvery blue to beyond end of cell and on

inner area to middle, the rest of wing glossed with purple. Hind

wing orange-yellow, the terminal area black-brown glossed with

purple, broadly at costa and narrowing to a point at termen

at vein 2; the underside with the costa purplish black-brown to

towards base.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 38 mm.

(81a) Pilocrocis cupreinitens, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax dark brown with a bronze gloss ; abdomen

black-brown with whitish bands on basal segments, then with some

white irroration ; antennz black-brown ; pectus and ventral surface

of abdomen ochreous white; legs cupreous brown, the tarsi banded

blackish and white. Fore wing dark brown glossed with brown; a

small whitish spot at base of cell; a brownish white antemedial

spot from below costa to median nervure defined on each side by

black bars, then an oblique black line; a brownish white medial

bar from below costa to median nervure defined on each side by

black lines, the line on its inner side continued to submedian fold;

a minute white spot in end of cell and a sinuous black line just

beyond the cell from below costa to vein 4; a broad whitish band

suffused with bronze-brown beyond the cell, extending to beyond

the postmedial line and below the cell to the line from the medial

bar; postmedial line black, excurved and waved from vein 6 to 3,

then bent inwards to below angle of cell and oblique to inner

margin ; cilia whitish tinged with bronze-brown and with blackish

line at middle. Hind wing white tinged with bronze-brown, the

terminal area broadly dark brown glossed with bronze; a quadrate

discoidal spot defined by black ; an oblique black shade from middle

of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line black, slightly bent inward

at vein 2, then oblique to inner margin, slightly diffused on inner

side at discal fold; cilia with white line at base and black line at

middle, the tips white mixed with black-brown.

Hab. Jamatca (Jackson), 2 Q type. Exp. 36 mm.

126 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(32¢) Pilocrocis caustichroalis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow suffused with brick-red ;

antenne tinged with brown except at base; palpi with the basal

joint and the 2nd joint in front towards base pure white, the rest

of 2nd joint deeper red; the fore tibia banded with white, the mid

tibiee white below, the fore and mid tarsi white; ventral surface of

abdomen whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing yellowish suffused

with brick-red ; antemedial line red-brown, erect to median nervure,

then oblique to above vein 1 and again erect to inner margin: a

minute red-brown spot in upper part of middle of cell and discoidal

bar; postmedial line red-brown, erect to vein 5, then minutely

waved to above vein 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and

excurved above inner margin; cilia with brownish ‘line at middle

and whitish tips. Hind wing yellowish suffused with brick-red,

the costal area white to beyond middle; an oblique red- brown.

discoidal bar; postmedial line red- brown, ereer to discal fold, then

oblique and slightly waved to above vein 2, then retracted and

almost obsolete to lower angle of cell and oblique to inner margin ;

a faint punctiform brownish terminal line; cilia with brownish

line at middle and whitish tips.

Hab, Perv, Yahuarmayo (Watkins), 1 2 type. Exp. 30mm.

(85a) Piletocera nigridentalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow, the head with small

black spot between antenne, the patagia with black spot at middle,

the abdomen with a few black scales and subdorsal spots on 8rd and

5th segments; palpi with the 3rd joint black; fore femora suffused

with black above, the tibize with black band at extremity. Fore

wing pale yellow, the terminal area slightly tinged with rufous ; a

biaele spot ‘at eee antemedial line black, Hilaed into a small spot

below costa, oblique to submedian fold and with some black scales

before it on inner margin; a black spot in middle of cell and ellip-

tical discoidal spot ; postmedial line black, dilated towards costa,

rather oblique to vein 4, then inwardly oblique, dentate, angled

inwards at vein 2 and forming a spotat inner margin. Hind wing

pale yellow, the terminal area “tinged with rufous; a black discoidal

spot ; postmedial line black, arising at vein 6, very oblique to

vein 4, then highly dentate, a broad blackish shade bey ond it.

Hab. Br. a “APRICA, Fog Valley (Weave), 1 3 type, Mt. Mlanje

(Neave),2 9. Hup., 5.22, 2 26 mm.

(le) Ulopeza disjunctalis, sp. n.

3. Head orange-yellow; tegule and prothorax yellowish suffused’

with red-brown, the rest ai thorax and abdomen dark brown with a

leaden grey gloss ; antenne black; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

=> ees

Mt aie T

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 127

of abdomen except at extremity yellowish white, the coxze and

femora and tibie at extremities black, the genital tufts yellow

tinged with rufous. Fore wing dark brown with a strong cupreous

eloss,. the basal area and the costa to beyond middle clossed with

purple ; an orange-yellow spot on costa above end of cell nearly

touching a ather oblique elliptical yellowish white discoidal spot.

Hind wing dark brown with a cupreous gloss; a fine whitish line at

base of cilia.

Ab. 1. Fore wing without the yellow spot above end of cell.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 3 gd type. Hap.

30 min.

(8a) Chalcidoptera orbidiscalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male thickened by a ridge of scales near base ; hind

tibiz short with a large tuft of hair above at extremity.

3. Head and thorax yellowish white suffused with rufous;

abdomen pale grey-brown ; antennze whitish, blackish towards base ;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with

rufous, the fore cox with black patches, the fore tibiee with black

band at extremity, the mid femora at extremity and tibie below

blackish, the tufts of hair on hind tibie black. Fore wing pale

red-brown, the terminal area grey-brown; the medial part of costal

area yellow, conjoined to an oblique elliptical white spot in end of

cell; a round white postmedial patch between veins 7 and 4; a

yellow fascia on costal area towards apex conjoined to a yellowish

white subterminal spot below vein 8, followed by three small white

spots edged with yellow between veins 7 and 4; cilia glossy dark

brown. Hind wing uniform brown with a silvery gloss; the under-

side brownish white with a curved brown postmedial line from costa

to vein 5 and dark terminal band to below vein 3.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 6 $ type. Lup.

26-30 mm.

(S) Hilodes tenuimarginalis, sp. n.

@. Head brown; thorax and abdomen pale orange-yellow; an-

tennz yellowish tinged with brown towards tips. Fore wing pale

orange-yellow, the costa tinged with brown; the terminal area

tinged with brown narrowing toa pointat vein 2; cilia dark brown

with a silvery gloss. Hind wing pale orange-yellow, the termen

narrowly and cilia dark brown with a silvery gloss.

Hab. CELEBES, Saugir I. (Doherty), 1 2 type. Exp. 46 mm.

(8a) Dichogama diffusalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax greyish white; abdomen white slightly

tinged with brown; antennz tinged with red-brown ; peetus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen silvery white, the fore tarsi brown

128 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

at extremities. Fore wing silvery grey-white faintly irrorated with

reddish brown scales; a broad antemedial dark shade formed by

black-brown scales; a diffused triangular dark patch from costa to

lower angle of cell formed by black-brown scales and a diffused

patch at middle of inner margin; postmedial line blackish, oblique

to discal fold, then obliquely excurved to submedian fold below end

of cell and oblique to inner margin; the termen tinged with brown

towards apex and with terminal series of black points to vein 3;

cilia tinged with brown. Hind wing semihyaline silvery white; a

terminal series of black points from apex to above vein 3.

Hab. VENEZUELA, Esteban Valley, Las Quignas, 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 40 mm.

Genus PHRYGANODES will stand as Type

Phostria, Hiibn. Verz. p. 130 (1827).......... did wiafilciicaia stores te scotscenee CEMUNG.

(16 c) Phostria xanthoproctalis, sp. un.

3. Head fulvous yellow; thorax and basal half of abdomen

glossy grey-brown, the former with a faint purple gloss, the latter

with the terminal half fulvous yellow; antennz brown; fore legs

yellow, the cox grey-brown except on outer side, the femora and

tibie black at extremities, the mid and hind tarsi yellowish; ventral

surface of abdomen fulvous yellow. Fore wing uniform glossy

grey-brown tinged with purple. Hind wing glossy grey-brown

tinged with purple, the inner area slightly paler.

Hab. VENEZUELA, Esteban Valley, Las Quignas, 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 46 mm.

(22a) Phostria purpureonitens, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown glossed with purple, -

the anal tuft greyer ; antenne dark brown; basal joint of palpi and

throat pure white ; pectus and legs white suffused in parts with

grey-brown ; ventral surface of abdomen silvery grey-brown. Fore ~

wing grey-brown glossed with brilliant purple except on basal and

eostal areas; cilia darker brown. Hind wing grey-brown glossed

with brilliant purple except at base and on inner area ; cilia darker

brown.

2. Hind wing with’small round white discoidal spot.

Hab. D’ Enrrecasteaux Is., Woodlark I. (leek), 1 5, 129

type. Hxp. 40 mm.

(306) Phostria flaviceps, sp. n.

@. Head and tegule pale orange-yellow, the frons whitish

tinged with yellow; thorax and abdomen pale grey-brown; an-

tenne pale grey-brown ; palpi yellow, white at base; pectus, legs,

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 129

and ventral surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with red-

brown. Fore wing pale smoky brown, the costa white to near

apex, the cilia whitish tinged with brown. Hind wing pale smoky

brown, the cilia whitish “tinged with brown. Underside silvery

white tinged with brown.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo (Watkins), 1 9 type. Ewp. 34 mm.

(48 a) Phostria aterrimalis, sp. n.

Abdomen of male with subdorsal tufts of hair on anal segment.

Head, thorax, and abdomen very dark black-brown ; palpi with

the 1st joint and the 2nd in front to middle whitish ; : pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white with a faint ochreous tinge,

the fore tibize with a black band near extremity. Fore wing very

dark black-brown ; the cilia with a fine pale line at base and the

tips white towards tornus. Hind wing very dark black-brown ;

the cilia with a fine pale line at base ; the underside with the inner

area whitish.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 1 5 type: Hap.

24 mm.

(54a) Phostria chrysomera, sp. n.

¢. Head golden yellow; thorax and abdomen dark brown with

a purple g gloss, the tegulie at base and on outer edge, the patagia

except a patch at base of outer edge and subdorsal stripes on abdo-

men golden yellow; antenne clossy black-brown ; frons with

cupreous brown patch below ; palpi yellow with brown band near

extremity of 2nd joint; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen

pale yellow; legs grey-brown. Fore wing dark brown glossed with

brilliant purple ; a wedge-shaped golden yellow patch in the cell

from base to near extremity ; 5 a broad oblique golden yellow post-

medial band from just below costa to submedian: fold near termen,

its lower edge obliquely curved; a golden yellow streak on inner

margin Sana base to beyond muddle Hind wing golden yellow,

the inner area from near base and the terminal area dark brown

glossed with brilliant purple, the extremity of the yellow area

rounded so that the dark area expands widely towards costa and

tornus.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 40 mm.

(55a) Phostria disciiridescens, sp. n.

3. Head and base of tegule fulvous orange; antenne black-

brown; thorax and abdomen dark brown tinged with grey, the

anal tufts of male orange at sides and the genital tufts whitish ;

palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen fulvous orange,

the fore tibiz with brown patch near extremity and the tarsi ringed

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 9

130 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with brown. Fore wing dark brown tinged with grey ; some bluish

grey hair at base except at costa; the ‘interspaces of medial area

from below costa to submedian fold white glossed with iridescent

blue. Hind wing semihyaline white, the inner area broadly and

the terminal area dark brown with a slight greyish tinge.

Hab. Peru, Chaguimayo (Watkins), 4 3 type. Exp. 40 mm.

(646) Phostria albescentalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale brown,

the last with white segmental rings; antennze pale brown, the

basal joint whitish ; palpi pale brown, white towards base ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the legs tinged with

brown, the fore tibize with brown band near extremity. ore wing

whitish suffused with pale grey-brown; some white at base of

inner margin with a small black spot.at its extremity ; ; a curved

blackish antemedial line : ; a small black spot mm middle of cell and

elliptical discoidal spot; postmedial line blackish, rather oblique to

vein 5, then dentate to below vein 8, then retracted to below angle

of celland somewhat exeurved at submedian fold; a slight blackish

terminal line and fine whitish line at base of cilia. Hind wing

with the basal half white, the terminal half whitish suffused with

pale grey-brown; a small oblique black discoidal spot; a diffused

dark postmedial line, its outer edge bent outwards and slightly

waved between veins 5 and 2; an indistinct diffused curved brown

subterminal line; a black terminal line and fine whitish line at

base of cilia. Underside white, the terminal area of fore wing

sutfused with brown; both wings with prominent black discoidal

spots.

Hab. Portuatese E. Arrica, Kola Valley (Weave), 1¢,1 2,

Mt. Chiperone (Weave), 1¢,2 2 type. Hap. 32-36 mm.

(55,f) Phostria euryleucalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown with a ecupreous

gloss ; trons with white lines at sides; pectus and ventral surface

of abdomen white; femora striped with white; tarsi white tinged

with brown. Fore wing dark brown with a cupreous gloss; hyaline

stripes in and below the cell and a spot above base of vein 2,

slightly irrorated with brown; a broad oblique white band from

below costa beyond middle to above tornus, its lower extremity

rounded. Hind w ing hyaline, the veins streaked with dark brown ;

a rather narrow dark brown terminal band with a cupreous gloss,

narrowing to a point at tornus, the hyaline area towards it slightly

irrorated with brown and with slight brown streaks in the inter-

spaces.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo (Watkins), 2 d type. Exp. 42 mm.

Closely allied to P. calydon, Druce.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 131

(55 9) Phostria internervalis, sp. n.

3. Head, tegule, and patagia dark brown, the outer edge of

tegula and base of patagia deep orange, the dorsum of thorax

white with dark brown dorsal streak ; ‘Abdomen white with dark

brown segmental lines, dorsal streak and lateral fasciz ; lower part

of frons white; palpi white in front at base; pectus and ventral

surface of abdomen white; legs dark brown, the femora and tibiz

white below. Fore wing dark brown tinged with purple ; a slight

white streak below basal half of eosta; a wedge-shaped white patch

in end of cell; a broad white fascia in submedian fold from near

base to near es men with the submedian fold slightly streaked with

brown; broad white fasciz in the interspaces above veins 2, 4, 5,

and 6 to near termen leaving dark streaks on the veins and a patch

beyond the cell; a short white streak above middJe of vein 7 and a

white streak above vein 3 towards termen. Hind wing white; the

veins arising from median nervure, vein 1 and the terminal part of

submedian fold and vein 6 streaked with dark brown tinged with

purple; the costa towards apex and termen rather narrowly dark

brown tinged with purple.

Hab. Cotompra, Choko, Juntas de R. Tamana and R. San Juan

(Palmer), 1 Q type. Hap. 44 mm.

(64¢) Phostria are@osoma, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy grey-brown, the last long

and slender; palpi white in front except towards extremity ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with brown, the

coe tibize with dark band near extremity. Wore wing glossy grey-

brown tinged with purple, the costal half of basal area’ rather

darker; an indistinct dark antemedial line; rather ill-defined

blackish spots at middle and end of cell with paler patches beyond

them; an indistinet diffused brown postmedial mane defined on

outer side by diffused whitish, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then

retracted to below end of cell; cilia with a fine white line at base.

Hind wing glossy grey-brown tinged with purple, the basal and

inner areas paler and_thinly scaled; an oblique blackish discoidal

bar; an indistinct rather diffused brown postmedial line defined on

outer side by whitish, somewhat bent outwards between veins 5

and 2, then retracted to below end of cell and exeurved to inner

margin ; cilia with a fine white line at base. Underside whitish

tinged with brown, the terminal areas suffused with brown.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 3 3 type. LEwp. 38-

45 mim.

(1La) Dichocrocis polystidzalis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the tegule at sides,

patagia at base and middle and metathorax with black spots, the

132 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

abdomen with dorsal and lateral series of black spots ; maxillary

pupi black at tips; (labial palpi wanting) ; fore coxze with black

spots. Fore wing yellow; a curved subbasal series of three black

spots; an oblique antemedial series of spots to vein 1 and a spot

nearer the base on inner margin; a spot in end of cell and discoidal

bar; a lunulate spot below origin of vein 2 and spot on inner

margin; a postmedial series of spots from costa to vein 2, the spots

above and below vein 7 elongate and nearer the termen, the spot at

discal fold nearer the cell, the spots between veins 5 and 2 obliquely

placed with spots before them above and below vein 3; a subter-

minal series of spots, oblique from below costa to discal fold and

again oblique from below vein 5 near termen to inner margin ; cilia

metallic silver at tips. Hind wing yellow; a black discoidal spot

and bar in submedian interspace below end of cell; a postmedial

spot at discal fold and curved series of three spots between veins 5

and 2; a subterminal series of spots between veins 7 and 1, the

spot at discal fold further from termen; cilia metallic silver at

tips.

Hab. Gorn Coast, Kumasi (Dowall), 12 type. xp. 42 mm.

(30a) Dichocrocis rubritinctalis, sp. n.

®. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen pale yellow, the tegule

with pale red patches, the patagia with pale red streak above and

the extremity pale red, the basal segment of abdomen with pale red

subdorsal spots, the rest of abdomen rufous with black subdorsal

spots on anal segment; antenne brownish except towards base ;

palpi blackish behind ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

pale yellow, the fore tibize with brown band at extremity. Fore

wing pale yellow; a brown bar near base from costa to submedian

fold with a pale red band beyond it extending to inner margin; a

slightly eurved brown and pale red antemedial line; the medial

area with the cell pale red with a rather quadrate whitish spot in it

defined at sides by brown, some pale red beyond lower angle of cell

and some pale red in submedian interspace below middle of cell ;

postmedial line brown, erect to diseal fold, excurved to vein 3, then

retracted to lower angle of cell and rather oblique to inner margin ;

the terminal area broadly grey-brown suffused with pale red, its

outer edge excurved at vein 6; a blackish terminal line; cilia grey-

brown with a yellowish line at base. Hind wing pale yellow; an

oblique blackish diseoidal bar and some pale red below angle of cell ;

postmedial line blackish, oblique to vein 3, then obsolete and

retracted to below end of cell and again oblique to inner margin ;

the terminal area broadly pale red, tinged with grey-brown towards

costa, its inner edge incurved to the postimedial line at vein 3; a

black terminal line; cilia pale grey-brown with a yellowish line at

base.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 3 9 type. Hap.

26 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustinee. 133

(35d) Dichocrocis biplagialis, sp. n.

3d. Head and thorax pale red-brown; abdomen pale rufous

with white segmental lines; antennz whitish tinged with rufous ;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing

pale red-brown ; a yellowish white discoidal spot detuned at sides

by rather darker brown and conjoined to a yellowish white patch

above it on costa; a yellowish white postmedial bar from costa to

vein 6, its outer ‘edge somewhat dentate; cilia ochreous at base

followed by a pale brown line, the tips whitish tinged with red-

brown. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown, the terminal

area browner except towards LORnAAS cilia yellowish at base, with

a pale brown line near base, the tips white tinged with brown.

Hab. Gampta (Str A. Moloney), 1 3 ; N. Nigerra, Zungeru

(Macfie), 1 3 type. Hap. 24 mm.

(388) Dichocrocis leucostolalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax white tinged with fulvous, the patagia

pure white except on outer edge towards base; abdomen pure

white at base and extremity, the medial segments tinged with

fulvous; pectus and legs white, the femora tinged with fulvous ;

ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with fulvous. Fore wing

silvery white, tinged with fulvous at “base ; a brown shade through

the cell from near base to near termen towards which it expands

somewhat. Hind wing silvery white, very faintly tinged with

brown except on inner and terminalareas. Underside of fore wing

with the costal area broadly suffused with brown.

Hab, Prerv, Pozuzo, 1 ¢ type. Eap. 24 mm.

Genus NAconeEra will stand as

Type.

Lamprosema, Hiibn. Verz. p. 361 (1827) ..... aia’ Renta Aam arama lunulalis,

(la) Lamprosema pectinalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with short branches ending in

forked bristles, the apical part serrate.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey-brown; frons and

palpi darker brown, the latter white at base ; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white faintly tinged with Sirona

Fore wing pale grey-brown, the basal costal area "and the terminal

area rather darker brown ; a dark antemedial line, oblique to discal

fold; a black discoidal bar; postmedial line dark detined on outer

side by whitish, erect to vein 5, then excurved and slightly waved

to below vein 3, then retracted to below end of cell and excurved

below submedian fold; a slight dark terminal line; cilia whitish

tinged with brown. Hind wing pale grey-brown, the terminal

area rather darker; a black discoidal spot; postmedial line dark

134 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

slightly defined on outer side by whitish, bent outwards and waved

between veins 5 and3; a slight dark terminal line; cilia white

tinged with brown.

Hab. ©. Crtva, Hupeh, Lui-shin-tze (Betton), 1 3 type;

Borneo, Sarawak, 1 ¢. vp. 18 mm.

(1c) Lamprosema anemicalis, sp. n.

Fore wing of male on upperside with a slight fringe of hair on

costa above end of cell with a tuft of hair below it at upper angle

of cell.

3o. Head, thorax, andabdomen pale ochreous tinged with rufous ;

palpi with the third joint blackish above; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white, the fore legs suffused

with fuscous in front. Fore wing ochreous white, the veins

fuscous, the costal edge black towards: base; a brown antemedial

shade, expanding to near base at costa; the hairs on costa above

end of cell and tuft of hair at upper angle of cell fuscous, a brown

shade arising from them and excurved beyond end of cell; the

terminal area suffused with brown; a fine black terminal cilia;

cilia pale brownish with an ochreous line at base. Hind wing

white with a faint ochreous tinge; a fine black terminal line.

Hab. Perv, Carabaya, Oconeque (Ockenden),3 3 type. Exp.

20-24 mm.

(10 e) Lamprosema leucopis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown glossed with leaden

grey and mixed with some whitish, the neck and base of tegule

pale fulvous yellow; the analand genital tufts very large, the latter

pale fulvous yellow ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

pale ochreous, the legs and basal part of abdomen suffused with

brown, the fore tibie blackish at extremity. Fore wing glossy

dark brown, some whitish at base and middle of inner area ; ante-

medial line whitish defined on outer side by black-brown, arising

below the costa and slightly incurved in the cell; a small white

spot in upper part of middle of cell and discoidal bar defined by

black-brown ; postmedial line whitish defined on inner side by

diffused black-brown, waved to diseal fold, then excurved to vein 2,

then retracted to below end of cell and excurved below submedian

fold; cilia with a punctiform white line at base. Hind wing

glossy dark brown, whitish towards base ; a minute blackish

discoidal spot; postmedial line rather diffused whitish, slightly

bent outwards and waved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted

to below end of cell and excurved to inner margin; cilia with a

punctiform white line at base.

Hab. Durcn N. Gurxea, Snow Mts., Oetakwa R. (Meek),

1g type. Hap. 28 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 135

(14a) Lamprosema pogonotornalis, sp. n.

Mid tibize of male greatly dilated; hind wing with the termen

strongly excised in submedian interspace, with tufts of hair round

the excision above and below.

3. Head, thorax, and base of abdomen yellowish white mixed

with fulvous, the rest of abdomen rufous with silvery white and black

segmental bands; antenne ringed with blackish; palpi with the

extremity of second jointand the third joint brown, the latter white

at tip; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white faintly

tinged with rufous, the fore tibiz with blackish band ‘at extremity,

the mid tibie irrorated with blackish. Fore wing pale yellow

suffused in parts with fulvous red especially on costal area, the

terminal area broadly red-brown; a round-fulvous-red spot sur-

rounded by white above inner margin near base ; an incurved black

antemedial line from costa to median nervure, then a white band

defined on outer side by blackish to above inner margin; a leaden

grey spot defined by black except above at middle of cell, extending

to just below the cell; reniform leaden grey defined by black,

large and strongly constricted at middle; a white spot defined on

outer side by black on costa above end of cell and white spot

defined on each side by black on costa above end of cell; post-

medial line with a white bar defined on each side by black at costa,

then black, sinuous to vein 3, then retracted upwards to vein 5

beyond the cell, then bent inwards on median nervure to before

end of cell, then oblique and sinuous with a white line on its outer

side forming a spot below end of cell, some clear yellow in its sinus

beyond the call and some leaden grey confluent ‘with the reniform

in its sinus below the cell; a faint dark subterminal shade from

costa to vein 8; a diffused black terminal line with series of white

bars on it; cilia with black Ine at middle and silvery white tips.

Hind wing white with some fulvous red and yellow suffusion on

inner half of medial area, the terminal area broadly red-brown; a

sinall black spot in end of cell and antemedial spot in submedian

fold; postmedial line black, sinuous, at vein 2 retracted up to

upper angle of cell, then rather oblique to inner margin, enclosing

a leaden-grey ecoidal spot; a dark subterminal shade from costa

to vein 2; a narrow black terminal band from apex to vein 2 with

series of white bars on it; cilia yellowish at base followed by a

black line to vein 2, white at tips and towards tornus.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo, 1 d type. Kap. 24 mm.

J Yt} 1

25¢) Lamprosema aurantia, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow, the last irrorated

with some blackish for ming obscure lateral spots towards base, the

genital tufts large and brownish white ; palpi yellowish white,

the extremity of the second joint and the third joint brown; pectus

136 On new Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraustine.

yellowish white; fore tibia at extremity blackish, the tarsi whitish

ringed with blackish. Fore wing orange-yellow; a blackish point

on costa near base; a curved blackish shade from below costa

before the antemedial line to base of inner margin, the line black

and slightly sinuous ;. the fovea in end of cell whitish surrounded

by a blackish shade extending to vein 1 beyond the antemedial

line: a blackish shade beyond the cell between veins 8 and 3;

postmedial line slight, blackish, excurved from vein 5 to below 3,

then retracted towards lower angle of cell and ending above inner

margin; an oblique blackish shade from below apex to near the

postmedial line at vein 4 and a shade from the line below vein 3 to

inner margin ; a series of black spots before termen; cilia brown

with a yellow line at base. Hind wing orange-yellow; a black

bar below the cell near base ; a diffused blackish spot just beyond

the cell; postmedial line blackish, excurved between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted to below end of cell and sinuous to inner margin

where it forms a black spot; a subterminal blackish shade towards

costa and shade from the postmedial line at vein 2 to vein 1; a

series of small black spots before termen interrupted between

veins 3 and 2; cilia brownish with a yellow line at base.

Hab. Dutcu N. Guryga, Snow Mts., Oetakwa R. (Meek), 1

type. Hap. 22 mm.

(306) Lamprosema bryalis, sp. n.

¢@. Head and thorax dark brown mixed with sap-green ; aldomen

greyish brown; antenne dark brown; palpi grey-brown ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish suffused with brown,

the fore tibiz with black band near extremity, the mid tibiz

with diffused black band near base and the terminal half black,

the tuft of hair white. Fore wing sap-green irrorated with

dark brown and tinged in parts with red-brown; two small

black spots at base; antemedial line black defined on inner side

by diffused whitish, excurved below costa, oblique and sinuous

below the cell; a black spot in upper part of muddle of cell and

two black discoidal spots defined on outer side by a white bar;

an oblique green and whitish shade from lower angle of cell to

tornus; postmedial™ine blackish defined on outer side by green

and whitish, dentate, angled inwards at vein 7, oblique from vein 3

to submedian fold, then excurved; a brown subterminal shade,

expanding at costa and interrupted above tornus ; a terminal series

of small rather triangular brown spots; cilia chequered blackish

and grey with a yellowish line at base. Hind wing dark greyish

brown, the cilia rather paler with a fine yellowish line at base.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, N. Kavirondo; Maramas Distr., Tala

(Neave), 1 3 type Exp. 36 mm.

(‘To be continued. }

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XVI.— Descriptions of Thirty-four Species of Marine

Mollusca from the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and

Arabian Sea, collected by Mr. F. W. Townsend. By

James Cosmo ME vit, M.A., D.Sc.

[Plates IV. & V.]

THE last general descriptive paper, based upon Mr.Townsend’s

large collections, was published in October 1912 *, and since

then I have only essayed a revision of the Turride (Pleuro-

tomidze) + as well as the Terebride ¢ of the Persian Gulf

region, the long continuance of the world-war having natu-

rally prevented much apportionment of time to this task.

But now, with the following thirty-four additions to the

fauna, one feels the work is almost completed. The total

number enumerated cannot be very far short of two thousand,

and this includes, roundly speaking, six hundred new to

science. Should circumstances permit, it would be ultimately

desirable to give a brief, up-to-date catalogue of the whole

series, with “ addenda, emendanda, and corrigenda.”

Doubtless several omissions have occurred, some due to

inadvertence, others through paucity of material or poor

condition of specimens,

* Proc, Malac. Soc. Lond. vol. x. 1912, p. 240 sqq.

+ Ibid. vol. xii. 1917, pp. 140-201.

¢ Journ. of Conch. vol. xv. 1917, pp. 188 & 204.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 10

138 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Murine Mollusca

Tn the following pages I am much indebted to Mr. J. R.

le Brockton Tomlin for valuable opinions and assistance ;

likewise to Messrs. G. B. Sowerby, Hugh Fulton, and R.

Sanden. To Mr. Bernard Lucas also Lam considerably under

obligation for having sorted much shell-sand for me, more

particularly from the very prolific sounding made in the Gulf

of Oman at 156 fathoms, so often referred to in these papers ;

and, finally, I must congratulate Miss Gertrude Woodward

on the two successful Plates accompanying these descriptions.

Bursa gnorima*, sp. n. (Pl. LV. fig. 1.)

B. testa ovato-fusiformi, spira abbreviata, apice obtuso, varicibus

rotundatis; anfractibus ad 7, quorum, tres apicales, leves, globu-

lares, cxteris suturaliter impressis, supra medium angulosis,

undique arcte et delicate spiraliter granulosis, linea transversali

subgranata alternante, granulis nitidis, supra medium, ad angu-

lum, multum fortioribus; superficie pallide straminea ; apertura

ovata, alba ; peristomate incrassato, albo, nitido, simul ac colu-

mella, intus multilirata ; canali paullum recurvo, brevi.

Long, 43, lat. 27 mm.

Hab. Jask, Gulf of Oman.

It is with some diffidence that I have ventured to introduce

another species into a well worked-out and circumscribed

cenus; but this shell, of which I have seen a few specimens

in no way differing from each other, possesses distinctive

attributes, the nearest ally seeming to be the West-American

B. crassa, Desh., and I consider it closely comparable with

no Eastern species. It is pale straw-coloured, neatly formed

and compact, varices somewhat rounded; upper whorls

attenuate, body-whorl uniformly finely granose, spirally, with

interstitial liree, partly granulose likewise ; above the centre

of the whorl a single spiral line of much larger tubercles

surrounds it, and just below the sutures short longitudinal

plaits extend some way towards this line; the labrum is

shining white, columella lirate, also white; mouth ovate,

canal short, very slightly curved. At first considered a

small variety of B. subgranosa (Sowb.), I am obliged to

Mr. Hugh Fulton for having directed my attention to this

species and giving me his opinion thereupon.

* yvwpimos, distinguished.

from the Persian Gulf, &c. 139

Alectryon (Phrontis) alcimus*, sp.n. (Pl. IV. fig. 2.)

A, testa ovato-fusiformi, solida, alba, brunneo-lineata et hic illic

variegata; anfractibus 8, quorum tres minuti, apicales, vitrei,

leeves, ceteris ad suturas gradatulis, longitudinaliter crassi-

costatis, et spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis anfracbum apud ultimum

circa 12, costis infra, juxta suturas, nodulosis, spiraliter brunneo-

zonatis, et maculato-lineatis ; apertura ovata, labro incrassato,

albo, levi, paullum effuso, intus multilirato; columella callosa,

alba, nitida, excavata.

Long. 15, lat. 8 mm.

Hab. Mekran Coast.

This very select species may be a local variety of Nassa

nodicostata, H. Adams, but differs from specimens in my

collection so named by Mr. F. P. Marrat. It evidently

comes nearest this species, but appears smoother than the

Philippine Island type collected by Mr. H. Cuming and

figured by Reeve. There has been some confusion between

this shell and the similarly named Nassa nodicincta, Adams.

This is an entirely different species, of the Western Hemi-

sphere, though equally nodose below the sutures of the

various whorls. I have it from the Galapagos Isles.

Alectryon (Hima) gwaikinianus, sp. n.

(Pl. IV. fig. 4.)

A, testa ovata, cinerea, circa aperturam brunneo-tincta; an-

fractibus 8, quorum 3 apicales subhyalini, fusci, ceteris apud

suturas impressis, ventricosulis, spiraliter arcte noduloso-liratis,

et longitudinaliter decussato-costulatis, costulis obliquis, inter-

stitiis planatis, quadratis ; apertura fere rotunda, labro effuso,

intus multilirato, columella multum excavata, versus basin trun-

eatula, canali lato brevissimo.

Long. 20, lat. 11 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf.

This interesting “ Nussa” is the Eastern analogue of the

Californian perpinguts, Hinds, which in most ways it very

closely resembles. It is, however, of slightly thicker sub-

stance and the columella more strongly excavate. A chestnut

spiral band, ornamenting the whorls, likewise exists in the

American species, but is absent in ours. Having received

this shell from the late Rev. Professor Henry Melvill Gwatkin,

as received by him direct from Mr. Townsend, I have pleasure

in connecting with it the name of a friend of long standing, and

* aXkipos, stoutly-fashioned, strong.

1()*

140 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

one distinguished in many realms of thought and learning,

whose relaxation it was to turn from the study of the Karly

Christian Fathers and deep Biblical lore *, to such successful

research in Molluscan radule that his name soon became a

household word for accurate and discerning knowledge in

this branch of the science, his loss being generally felt to be

quite irreparable. After a short illness, he passed away at

his Cambridge residence in November 1916, aged 73.

Alectryon } (Hima) protrusidens, sp. n.

(PLAY stig 3.)

A, testa ovato-fusiformi, solida, albo-ochracea; anfractibus 8,

quorum 3 apieales, duo superni minuti, tertius vitreus, globulosus,

levis, ceteris nequaquam suturaliter impressis, undique arctis-

sime longitudinaliter noduloso-costulatis, et spiraliter sulcatis,

nodulisapud suturas majoribus, conspicuis, ochraceo-tinctis, super-

ficie ad medium pallidiore ; apertura parva, ovata, labro, simul

ac columella, paullum incrassatis, labro intus 5 denticulo-lirato,

quorum. denticulus secundus et quintus majores, protrudentes,

margine columellari versus basin obscure bilirato, excavato.

Long. 12, lat. 5 mm.

Hab, Karachi.

This small species, compact, solid, hardly suturally im-

pressed, ochreous-banded spirally below, longitudinally closely

nodoso-costulate, and transversely closely decussato-sulcate,

possesses a distinction in the protrusive character of two of

the five lirate deuticulations of the inner side of the lip.

Pisania townsendi, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 5.)

P. testa attenuato-fusiformi, gracili, uniformiter straminea; an-

fractibus 8, quorum duo vitrei, leves, ceteris suturaliter multum

impressis, ventricosis, centraliter paullum angulosis, longitu-

dinaliter obtusi-costatis ; anfractus ultimi numero 12, undique

pulcherrime spiraliter liratis, circa 24-25; apertura oblonga,

angusta, labro recto, intus multilirato, columella recta, canali

lato, paullulum recuryo,

Long. 22, lat. 8 mm.

Hab. Warachi.

* Professor Gwatkin was long “ Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical

History ” at Cambridge University. In 1867 he passed first class in the

Mathematical, Classical, and Theological Tripos, as also in that of Moral

Science—an almost unique record.

t+ We spell the Monttortian name, presumably derived from d\exrpiwr,

a cock, with a ‘‘y” in preference to 2, to conform to the rule of nomen-

clatwre which holds that the Greek “ upsilon” equals the Latin “ y,”

_ from the Persian Gulf, ke. 141

A little like P. crocata, Reeve, in form, but in this species

the whorls are far more angular and echinate. From P. gas-

kelli*, Melv. (=neglecta, Sowb.), it ‘differs in much finer and

more frequent spiral liration, the interstices in both species

being spirally striate but much finer in character, and as

4 to 2 in townsendi compared with gaskell. General form

identical. —

We dedicate this most interesting species to its discoverer,

and I am indebted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby for calling my

attention to it and confirming my view that it needed

description.

Mitra vaticinator +, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 6.)

M, testa oblongo-fusiformi, solidula, straminea, infra suturas et

centraliter floccis albis variegata; anfractibus ad 8, subgradatis,

suturaliter vix impressis, undique arctissime regulariter sulcis

spiralibus preeditis, longitudinaliter decussato-cancellatis, ultimo

anfractu ceteris magnopere exzequante; apartura angusta, ob-

longa, labro paullum effuso, columella quadriplicata, subobliqua.

Long. 26, lat. 10 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, off Muscat, Arabia.

I have, in company with the late Mr. Edgar Smith, com-

pared this species with its near allies, when we considered

that it differed from all others. In size it comes nearest to

M. guttata, Sw., and in general appearance is similar to that

species, but the decussate cancellation is here much finer and

more regular. Likewise, in guttata the spiral lines are some-

what distant. In MM. solida, Reeve, found in the region we

are treating of by Mr. Townsend, the whorls are more tumid

and the sutures deep. In the larger and coarser M. ambigua

and fulva, both of Swainson, the build of the shell is*the

same, but the details coarser and cancellation absent.

M, floccata, Rve., is allied in the character of its marking, as

its name would imply, but here, again, the somewhat ventri-

cose whoris and the sutural arrangements differ.

Mitra (Pusia) iteinaf, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 7.)

M. testa ovato-oblonga, solidula, albo-straminea ; anfractibus ad

11-12, ad suturas impressis, undique arctissime costulatis, et

spiraliter cancellatis, interstitiis quadratis, ultimo anfractu infra

* Journ. of Conch. vi. 1891, p. 406, pl, ii. fig. 5.

+ Vaticinator, a seer or prophet.

} treivos, basket or osier-work,

142 Dr. J. ©. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

suturas stramineo, infra peripheriam fusco-zonato, versus basin

spiraliter noduloso; apertura oblonga, labro paullum incrassato,

columella 5-plicata, fere recta.

Long. 23, lat. 8°75 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, Henjam Island, 10 fathoms.

Allied to this little species are those of the group of which

M. multicostata, Sw., may be taken as an exponent. It is

much narrower in form than this species, the beautiful

shining riblets and decussating cancellations so regularly

disposed, with the white stramineous and fuscous zoned spiral

bands, serving to characterize it. AZ. sculptilis, Reeve, is of

somewhat similar build, but here the interstices alone are

latticed, the ribs remaining clear. In dteina there is com-

plete cancellation, and the same obtains in Jd. dedala, Rve.

Lamellaria (Chelynotus) berghi, Desh.

(PISL Vi. tic.783)

Lamellaria berghi, G. P. Deshayes, Moll. de Réunion, 1863, p. 77,

pl. ix. figs. 18-20,

I figure what appears to be a non-adult form of berghi,

Desh., a most fragile, delicate, vitreous shell, with bluish

tinge, perfectly translucent, apex mamillate, very minute,

measuring alt. 9, diam. 8 mm. So many endemic species or

forms, closely allied to and yet specifically distinct from

others ranging further south, have been recently discovered in

what might be termed the “ cul de sac”’ of the Persian Gulf,

that it is quite possible that, when mature, this may present

characteristics for differentiation; but, at all events, it

being the first time a member of this group has been reported

from these seas, a record of its occurrence is interesting. A

very few examples were collected, all live shells, similar in size

and all other respects. No exact locality is given otherwise

than “ Persian Gulf.”

Melanella lampra*, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 9.)

M. testa parva, attenuata, delicata, pellucida, pallide olivacea, levi ;

anfractibus 11, ad suturas impressis, ventricosulis, perlwvibus,

diaphanis, ultimo tres anfractus approximatos exeequante, versus

basin leniter declivi; apertura oblonga, labro haud effuso, recto,

margine columellari obliquo, simplice.

Long. 6, lat.-1°50 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, probably off Shaikh-Shuaib Island.

* Adprpos, shining.

from the Persian Gulf, &c. 143

A very delicate pellucid Eulimoid, as the specific name

chosen denotes. It indeed seems fatucus to be now com-

pelled to group the members of this genus of ivory whiteness

and delicacy under a name so ill-chosen, and suggestive of

Cimmerian darkness !

Mucronalia aethria*, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 10.)

M. testa parva, perlevi, diaphana, nitidissima, oblongo-fusiform1 ;

anfractibus ad 12, quorum apicales 2 simpliciter heterostrophi,

his 3 proximis attenuato-caudatis, ceteris ad suturas vix im-

pressis, leniter accrescentibus, ultimo longitudine tres approxi

matos anfractus equante ; peristomate tenui, columella obliqua,

apertura ovato-oblonga.

Long. 5, lat. 1°50 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, Henjam Island, 40 fathoms, 1906.

This Mucronalia is a plain, extremely smooth and shining

little species, hardly impressed suturally, the upper whorls

much narrowed and slightly caudate, while the nuclei are

heterostrophe. Three other species are found in these seas,

as follows :—

M. bizonula, Melv. Proc. Malac. Soc. vii. 1906, p. 73,

pl. vil. fig. 8.—A minute twice-banded species, found in the

Gulf of Oman at 156 fathoms and since recorded by Mr. C.

Hedley + from Mast Head Reef, Queensland, 17-20 fathoms.

M. lepida, Melv. ibid. p. 72, pl. viil. fig. 31.—An ovate,

small form from the same locality. Entirely white and semi-

pellucent.

M. oxytenes, Melv. ibid. vi. 1904, p. 163, pl. x. fig. 13.—

Larger than the last in all its parts. Also from the Gulf of

Oman, dredged from deep water.

Turbonilla exilispira }, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 12.)

7. testa alba, minuta, perattenuata, semipellucente ; anfractibus 13,

quorum 8 apicales, valide heterostrophi, cxteris angustis, ad

suturas impressis, arcte oblique costulatis, costulis ad basin

evanidis, interstitiis levibus, ultimo yix latiore; peristomate

recto, tenui, apertura squarrosula, columella recta.

Long. 4, lat. °75 mm.

Hab, Karachi.

Almost as narrow as ZT’. angustissima §, Melv., from the

* ai@puos, clear, bright.

+ Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1907, vol. xxxii. p. 505.

{ Evilis, spira, with slender spire,

§ Proc. Malac. Soe. vol. vi. 1904, p, 55, pl. v. fig. 15.

144 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Maurine Mollusca

Gulf of Oman, 156 fathoms, with which alone it seems com-

parable, this little species can easily be recognized by its

pinched form, its straight peristome and squarrose aperture,

and longitudinal oblique riblets far more close and numerous

than obtain in its ally. Both have similarly constructed

apical whorls. It only occurred very rarely at the above

locality.

Turbonilla patruelis, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 13.)

T. testa minuta, gracili, subpellucente, attenuata, nitida; an-

fractibus ad 14, quorum 3 apicales valide heterostrophi, ceteris

suturaliter impressis, ventricosis, longitudinaliter arcte costulatis,

interstitiis sub lente spiraliter multistriatis, ultimo anfractu ad

medium leniter castaneo-zonato, costulis rectis; apertura parva,

peristomate tenui, columella fere recta.

Long. 5, lat. 1:25 mm.

flab. Gulf of Oman, Charbar, 5 fathoms.

Resembling 7’. materna, Melv., but moulded upon an alto-

gether smaller and more delicate scale, the whorls being

semipellucid, as opposed to the opaque white of the more

solid materna, while the longitudinal riblets are proportion-

ately more frequent. Around the centre of the riblets runs a

very faint spival chestnut band or line. In this particular it

is comparable with Z’. unicincta, Melv., than which it is

thinner and smaller and more multicostate.

Turbonilla thryallis *, sp.n. (Pl. IV. fig. 14.)

7. testa candida, compacta, nequaquam pellucida, levissima, attenu-

ata; anfractibus ad 15, quorum apicales 2-3 incumbenti-hetero-

strophi, ventricosis, ad suturas multum impressis, arcte longitu-

dinaliter recte costulatis, costulis, simul ac interstitiis, perlvibus,

numero anfractum apud ultimum 27, ad basin evanidis ; peri-

stomate tenui, columella recta, apertura angusta, squarrosula.

Long. 7, lat. 1°75 mm.

Hab. Gulf of Oman, Charbar, 40 fathoms.

A very neat and elegant species, pure opaque milky-white,

exceedingly smooth and shining throughout, with impressed

sutures and ventricose whorls, the longitudinal riblets being

close and numerous—twenty-seven may be counted on the

body-whorl. Labrum and columella straight, mouth quadrate

and narrow.

* OpvadXes, white pith or wick of a candle, from the fancied resem-

blance.

from the Persian Gulf, &e. 145

Allied most nearly to the much larger 7. candida, Ad.,

and also to J’. materna and unicincta, Melv. From the

last of these it differs in more frequent costulations and

absence of any spiral coloured band; trom materna in greater

delicacy of substance, and also in the straight smooth riblets

being closer and almost double in number.

Turbonilla umbrina*, sp.n. (Pl. LV. fig. 11.)

T. testa attenuata, solidula, compacta, sordide brunnea, levi; an-

fractibus 15=16, inclusis apicalibus heterostrophis, omnibus ad

suturas impressis, undique arcte costulatis, costis crassis, rectis,

interstitialiter superficie levi, ultimo anfractu infra peripheriam

levigata, costis evanescentibus; apertura fere rotunda, parva,

labro vix effuso, columella recta.

Long. 8, lat. 1°75 mm.

Hab. Karachi, 1906.

A somewhat coarsely built Turbonilla, of a dull brown

colour throughout; whorls fairly impressed suturally, longi-

tudinal riblets frequent, straight, close, interstices quite -

smooth; mouth, proportionately speaking, small, roundish,

columellar margin straight, outer lip hardly effuse. It was

very rare at the above locality.

Eulimella squarrosula, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 16.)

E. testa alba, delicata, tenui, anguste fusiformi, versus apicem

paullum caudata; anfractibus ad 14, quorum apicales 3 valide

heterostrophi, ceteris paullulum ad suturas impressis, lavissimis,

sub lente longitudinaliter albo-strigatis, ultimo anfractu duos

proximos longitudine exeequante ; apertura squarrosa, peristomate

tenui, columella fere recta.

Long. 4:50, lat. 1 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, Mussandam, 55 fathoms.

A species plain in form, hardly impressed suturally ; whorls

smooth, straight; mouth square, outer lip and columella

nearly straight. This differs from all the eight species

hitherto included in this fauna, perhaps coming nearest to

a aes t, Melv., distinguished by its elegant pagodiform

whorls.

* Umbra, shade, from the dusky colour.

+ Proc. Malac, Soe. vol. vi. 1904, p. 56, pl. v. fig, 15.

146 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

Styloptygma clymene*, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 15.)

S. testa parva, tenui, alba, perlevi, elongata, supra brevicaudata ;

anfractibus ad 9, quorum apicales duo laterali-heterostrophi,

ceteris ad suturas impressis, pernitidis, ultimo 4 longitudinis

totius equante; apertura parva, ovato-rotunda, labro recto, colu-

mella fortiter uniplicata.

Long. 5, lat. 1:25 mm.

fab. Persian Gulf, Mussandam, 55 fathoms.

A somewhat stouter species than the allied 8. cometes,

Melv., which is more caudate, and subpellucid. I think it is

right ‘to place it in the same genus; by some it might be

included in Syrnola.

Cingulina secernenda, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 17.)

C. testa minuta, attenuata, oblonga, alba ; anfractibus ad 9, quorum

tres apicales, heterostrophi, Jeeves, lacteo-vitrei, ceteris undique

uniformiter arcte spiraliter carinati et tornati, carinulis rotun-

datis, interstitialiter sub lente alveolatis, supernis duabus, ante-

et penultimo tribus, ultimo septem carinulis preeditis; apertura

oblongo-ovata, peristomate paullulum incrassato, albo, columella

omnino simplice.

Long. 3°50, lat. 1 mm.

Hab, Karachi.

Very like, superficially, to Oscilla indica, Melv., but

wanting the columellar plait.

An Oseilla occurred, likewise, on the telegraph-cable in the

Gulf of Oman, at 43 fathoms, resembling this species, but

more elongate than O. indica, with the same character of

tornate whol ornamented with spiral carinee, columella

strongly once-plicated ; long. 4°75 mm. ‘This we have placed

with our O. faceta t, as probably exemplifying the adult

state of that species. The mouth, however, is smaller and

rounder, and there are other slight differences; but nothing

can be decided till more specimens are obtained.

* Clymene, a Nereid, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and mother of

Phaeton. ee

+ Journ. of Malac. vol. xi. 1904, p. 82, pl. viii. fig. 10.

Jrom the Persian Gulf, &e. 147

Rissorna, d’Orb., 1840.

§ CHILIosTIGMA, subgen. nov.

Rissoina refugium, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 20.)

R. testa isosceliformi, supra attenuata, alba, nitida, solidula; an-

fractibus ad 11, apicalibus levibus, nitentibus, ceteris suturaliter

impressis, ventricosulis, undique arcte et minute longitudinaliter

striato-liratis, striis paullum obliquis, interstitiis regulariter et

arctissime spiraliter puncturatis, punctis minutis, ultimo anfractu

infra peripheriam curto, abbreviato ; peristomate albo, incrassato,

levi, subtriangulari, paullum effuso, fere continuo, ad basin

compresso, erassiore ; columella obliqua, apertura subovata.

Long. 12, lat. 4 mm.

Hab. Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 50’ N., long. 56° 54’ E. ;

156 fathoms.

A remarkable species, which seems worthy of separate

subgeneric rank, coming, it is true, near certain members of

subgen. Zebina or Zebinella, but differing in the close longi-

tudinal striation and interstitial close spiral pitting, the

puncturations being very regular and minute. From these

circumstances I propose the subgenus Chiliostigma *.

The nearest approach I can find in this large genus to our

species is L?. mottez’, Bavay f, from Jamaica, very recently

described. I have only seen figure and description. It is

more decidedly costulate, but the deep spiral pitting is

represented, and I would consider it to belong to the same

new subgenus.

Amphithalamus psomus t{, sp.n. (PI. V. fig. 19.)

A, testa minuta, oblonga, solidula, fusca; anfractibus 5, quorum

apicalis minutus, ceteris arctissime spiraliter striatis, ultimo

paullum elongato; apertura subrotunda; peristomate fere con-

tinuo, late fuscescente, nitido, paullum expanso; columella

simplice.

Long. 3°25, lat. 1°75 mm.

Hab. Mekran Coast, near Gwadtr.

A very small, dark brown shell, with slightly expanded and

reflected lip, very closely microscopically spirally striate

throughout. It has several allies in this region—columen,

* yiuos, oriyua, thousand-pitted.

+ Journ. de Conch. 1917, p. 107, pl. iii. fig. 15.

{ Pwpos, a morsel or tit-bit.

148 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

aristet, elspethe, and others. It differs from all in its

compact form, brown colour, and slightly expanded lip.

Fossarus eutorniscus*, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 21.)

F, testa perminuta, solidiuscula, sordide straminea, ovata; an-

fractibus 4, quorum duo apicales bulbosi, albi, levissimi, peunul-

timo 2- ultimo 5-carinato, videlicet, carina prima infra, juxta

suturas, secunda et tertia ad peripheriam, quarta et quinta circa

umbilicum versus basin, interstitiis spiraliter minute ad profunde

punctatis, umbilico anguste profundo ; apertura rotundata ; peri-

stomate incrassato, rotundo, continuo; margiue columellari

simplice.

Alt. 1:50, diam. 1:50 mm.

Hab. Karachi.

Probably the smallest species of the genus, of which we

have only seen five or six examples, varying very slightly in

size. Though so minute, the sculpture is most elaborate,

especially of the body-whorl, which possesses five spiral keels,

the first just below the sutures, second and third at tlie peri-

phery, fourth and fifth round the umbilicus; these keels are

very incrassate, proportionately speaking, and the interstitial

spaces between the second and third and fourth and fifth

keels are spirally, regularly, deeply punctate. Of the same

general form as /. elegans fT, Verrill & Smith, trom U.S.A.

Atlantic Coast, but much smaller.

Fossarus (Couthouyia) canbellariin sp. n.

(Pl. V:. fig. 22.)

F. testa parva, alba, tenui, ovato-oblonga; anfractibus 6, quorum

apicales 2 vitrei, leaves, mamillati, ceteris 4, ad suturas multum

impressis, ventricosulis, undique minute et pulcherrime regu-

lariter cancellatis, interstitiis quadratulis, ultimo anfractu ceteros

permultum exsuperante ; umbilico perparvo, angustissimo ; aper-

tura ovata, peristomate tenuissimo, fragili, columella simplice,

obliqua.

Long. 3°50, lat. 2 mm. (sp. max.).

Hab. “ Persian Gulf.’””

A very fragile, delicate shell, six-whorled, these being

swollen and veutricose, the whole surface beautifully minutely

cancellate ; outer lip thin, slightly effuse; aperture oval,

* ev Tropvickos, well-turned.

+ Trans. Connect. Acad. v. p. 522, pl. xlvii. fig. 38 (1882).

from the Persian Gulf, &e. 149

umbilicus very small and narrow, columella oblique. The

nearest approach to this may be #. (Couthouyiw) obtusa,

A. Ad., from California, by some authors deemed an Jsapis ;

but this is a far coarser species in character and build. I

possess a large series of this and allied genera, very many

yet unnamed, and neither among these nor yet in the British

5 .

Museum have I been able to find its match.

Triphora incolumis, sp.n. (PI. 1V. fig. 18.)

T, testa cylindrico-fusiformi, pallide straminea, solidula; an-

fractibus 16-17, quorum apicales 5 pulchre et minute longitu-

dinaliter striati, paullum decussati, apice ipso levi, deplanato,

ceteris ad suturas profunde impressis, lateribus paullulum con-

vexis, quatuor supernis bi-, his proximis triseriatis, ordinibus

nodulato-gemmatis decoratis, ultimo anfractu serie quarta pre-

dito, gemmis interdum versus basin evanidis, circa basin tribus

liris succinctis; apertura quadrata, peristomate tenui, canali

brevi, paullum recurvo,

Long. 10, lat. 8 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf: Fao Cable, and along the north coast ;

not rare.

A fine species, of pronounced character. Cylindro-fusiform

in shape, with channelled sutures, whorls (including the

five nuclear, three of which are very finely striate) 16-17 in

number, the lower whorls all ornamented with three equal

spiral regular rows of gemme, shining, round, large propor-

tionately ; the body-whorl possessing four, the lowest of them

sometimes has the gemme partly evanescent, the base being

encircled with spiral plain ridges. Aperture somewhat

squarrose, peristome thin, canal shortly recurved, pronounced,

It may be compared with 7. rufula, Watson, a somewhat

smaller species* (long. 7°5 mm.) from Wednesday Island,

Torres Straits. This is much of the same sculpture, with

channelled suture, the shell being of a ruddy yellow tint

throughout. It differs from 7. idonea, M. & St., not only

in the channelled sutures and greater breadth of contour, but

in the mouth being more eee We have seen a live

albino form from Fao; in this the fourth row of noduled

gemmee at the periphery of the basal whorl is extremely

distinet and perfect.

* ‘Challenger’ Exp. xy. p. 566, pl, xlii. fig. 2,

150 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

Triphora interpres, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 23.)

T. testa elegantula attenuato-fusiformi, gracili, cinerea ; anfractibus

ad 20, quorum 5 apicales, apice ipso pallide fusco, levi, his

proximis pulchre cancellatis, ochraceo-fuscis, ceteris leniter et

anguste ad suturas impressis, lateribus fere rectis, tribus spiralium

gemmularum ordinibus arcte et regulariter praeditis, ordine medio

minorum, superficie hic illic castaneo-tessellato, ultimo circa

basin bilirato; apertura parva, semicirculari, canali conspicuo,

breyi, recurvo.

Long. 11, lat. 2°25 mm. (sp. max.).

Hab. Persian Gulf, Mussandam, 55 fathoms.

A rare species, very gracefully attenuate, many (20 or

more) whorled, the apical being five in number, ochreous-

brown and finely cancellate in young specimens, but soon

getting worn, the remainder slightly impressed suturally,

with three spiral bands of gemmuled nodules, those on either

side of the sutures being the largest and most pronounced,

the median row smaller; the body-whorl has but three

gemmuled rows in all the examples we have examined, the

fourth row, at the periphery, being a simple ridge. The

colour is ashy-white, flecked with pale chestnut dashes over

the whorls at certain intervals. Mouth small proportionately,

semicircular ; peristome thin, canal short, recurved.

* k * %

In the former enumeration of the species of this genus

occurring in the Persian Gulf area five only are mentioned,

VIZ. :—

T. acuta (Kien.),

T.. cingulata (A. Ad.),

T. corrugata (Hinds),

T. idonea, M. & St.,

T. perversa (1).

Of these, acuta, Kien., we have identified with the aid of

specimens in the British Museum, assisted by the excellent

figure in ‘Coquilles Vivantes.’

It is common at Karachi, and known by the dark brown

spiral zone of gemmuled nodules at the sutures. A small

species; may possibly be an extreme form of perversa,

This last-named is protean, and of extremely wide distribu-

tion. We have examined two or three hundred examples at

least, and find it impossible to get a definite grasp of any

essential distinctive character. Mr. le Brockton Tomlin

from the Persian Gulf, &e. 151

kindly gave me his opinion on the subject—that it was

unlikely that the Gulf fauna contained a single species found

inthe Mediterranean ; but since we hear of perversa occurring

on the Pacific coast, ‘in West Aimerica, we dare not accept

this theory as completely valid, and prefer to leave the name

unaltered. One interesting form of this molluse inhabiting

the coast near Karachi is larger than the normal type which

so commonly extends from Bombay northwards, and measures

long. 9, lat. 2 mm.; whorls 15, nuclear small, slightly

caudate ; whorls impressed suturally, of the usual pattern,

3-seriate, with spiral small gemmulate nodules; colour pale

stramineous, nuclear whorls pure white ; body-whorl four-

rowed, two raised ridges around the base. A narrower shell

than incolumis, and not so gracefully attenuate as ¢nterpres.

To this variety of perversa the name persica might be

attached.

T. idonea, M. & St., is a white chalky shell, of deep water.

It has not occurred plentifully, and perhaps comes nearest to

enterpres.

T. corrugata, Hinds, is, next to the ordinary form of what

we still call perversa (L.), the most abundant and striking of

the Gulf Triphore. It is found all along the coast, and with

it we now merge what was erroneously called cingulata in

our first Catalogue.

To these TZ’. concatenata, Melv., a small, very attenuate

species, has been added, audicheretcamence of J’. concors,

Hinds, been noted. Therefore, including the two new species

incolumis and interpres, eight species of this genus are now

recorded, of which, so far as is known, three are endemic in

these seas.

Leptothyra miltochrista *, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 24.)

ZL. testa solida, suborbiculari, fulvo-rubescente; anfractibus 5,

quorum tres apicales, leves, albi, cateris duobus undique arcte

spiraliter liratis, liris uniformibus ; apertura rotunda ; peristomate

crassiusculo nitido, albo, simul ac margine columellari; umbilico

anguste sed profundo, cujus margine nequaquam crenulato.

Alt. 3°75, diam. 4 mm,

Hab. *‘ Persian Gulf,” probably off Henjam Island.

A small, solid, orbicular, reddish-yellow species, with

shining white peristome and columella surrounding its

circular aperture; margin of the deep but narrow umbilicus

not, as 1s so often the case, crenulate, but quite simple. ‘The

* wrroxptaros, in allusion to the red-ochre colour.

152 Dr. J. GC. Melvill on Mariné Mollusca

whole surface of the two lower whorls is closely spirally

lirate. Allied to Z. rosea, Pilsbry, from Japan, but smaller.

Exclusive of this new species, five others of this genus

have, so far, been reported from this region, viz. :—

1. L. jilifera, Desh.

This needs further investigation. I cannot find an

specimens in the collection so named, as I understand, by the

late Mr. E. A. Smith.

2. L. leta, Montr.=costulosa, G. B. Sowb.

In three or four dredgings in Gulf of Oman.

A very prettily painted shell, depresso-discoid in form,

spirally closely lirate, variegated with rose-coloured spots

radiating round the surface. Also a New Caledonian species.

3. L. munda (H. Adams) CoLtonta ; Sowerby, Thes.

Conch., Turbo, pl. xii. fig. 163.

Persian Gulf.

Very minute.

4. I. pilula, Dunker.

Maskat (Muscat) and Charbar, 5-6 fathoms. Also Bahrein,

and in two or three soundings, Gulf of Oman.

A heavily built little round shell, with shouldered whorls,

and buff or cinereous spiral spotting and blotches on a dull

white ground. Umbilicus margin coarsely crenulate.

5. L. rubens, Melv. & Stand.

Persian Gulf, Mussandam, 30 fathoms; live examples.

Also at 60 and 156 fathoms in the Gulf of Oman.

A somewhat smooth, angled species, shining, reddish in

colour, very abundant at 156 fathoms, rarer at a less depth.

Others very possibly occur. The species are hard to

discriminate, and may vary more in sculpture and colouring

than is supposed to be the case.

The genus is mostly Eastern, but several striking species

occur in the Sandwich Isles and western coasts of America.

trom the Persian Gulf, ke. 153,

Minoha charmosyne*, sp. n. (Pl. V. fig. 25.)

M. testa gradata, conica, solidula, tornata, fusco-variegata ; anfrac-

tibus sex, quorum duo albi, minuti, apicales, leves, ceteris infra

suturas acute carinatis, supernis una, ultimo anfractu duabus

carinis predito, inter has spiraliter unilirato, simul ac ad basin

et circa umbilicum profundum, sed angustum, multis liris

decorato, interstitialiter minute longitudinaliter tenuiter rugosi-

striatulo ; apertura rotunda, peristomate tenui, columella

paullulum reflexa.

Alt. 5, diam. 4 mm.

Hab, Karachi.

A little, prettily variegated and acutely tornate Minolia,

of which we have also seen an albino variety which might

be termed var. a/binella. The upper whorls are smooth, the

body-whorl alone showing very fine longitudinal strice infer

stitially, while round the narrow but deep umbilicus this is

more pronounced, causing a delicately shagreened appearance ;

the spiral lire here are three or four in number, and four

between the periphery and the base.

Minolia (Conotrochus) eutyches t, sp. n.

(Pl. V. fig. 26.)

M., testa oblongo-fusiformi, cinerea, delicata; anfractibus 8, quorum

apice ipso minuto, subplanato, ceteris ad suturas multum im-

pressis, centraliter carinatis, carinam supra mediam spiraliter

lente uniliratis, et, infra, juxta sutura, carina secunda forti, sed

minus prominula preditis, undique longitudinaliter minute et

arctissime lamellosis, cinereis, ad carinas et supra _tessellato-

maculatis, ultimo tribus carinis decorato, versus basin paullum

excavato, concentrice lirato; umbilicis profundo, angusto ; aper-

tura rotunda, peristomate continuo, tenul.

Long. 5, lat. 2°25 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, Muscat, 10-30 fathoms.

Allied to C. holdsworthianus t, G. & H. Nevill, which

oceurs at Karachi, with a wide range extending to Singapore

(Archer). From this it differs in for m, being more oblong,

in colour, no bright tinting, in 8 against 5 whorls, Several

examples occurred, all very similar.

* yappootiyn, a delight.

+ cbroixns, fortunate.

t Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1871, p, 3, pl. i. fig. 18.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i, 11

154 Dr. J. ©. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

Euchelus xeniolum*, sp. un. (PI. V. fig. 27.)

E. testa perparva, ovato-conica, imperforata, candida; anfractibus 7,

quorum 3 apicales, apice ipso prominulo, duobus huic proximis

longitudinaliter oblique liratulis, ceteris apud suturas profunde

impressis, supernis spiraliter 4-, ultimo 9-liratis, liris regularibus,

superficie longitudinaliter oblique cancellato-decussata ad junc-

turas lirarum pulchre gemmato-nodulosis, gemmis nitidis, infra

peripheriam ad basin minoribus, concinnis, regularibus; aper-

tura rotunda, peristomate fere continuo, intus denticulato,

margine columellari excavata.

Alt. 4°50, diam. 3 mm.

Hab. Gulf of Oman, Charbar, 5 fathoms.

A small white Huchelus, normal in general characters,

beautifully and regularly spirally lirate and decussate ; at

the point of junction the gemmulate nodules are round and

shining. Mouth small, roundish; peristome almost con-

tinuous ; columella excavate.

Cylichna euthlasta T, sp.n. (PI. V. fig. 28.)

C. testa perparva, fragilissima, ovato-cylindrica, alba, lateribus fere

rectis, undique spiraliter arcte tenuistriata, striis sub lente

minutissime depunctis; apertura versus basin paullum dilatata,

supra angusta, vertice profunde umbilicata, margine rotundato,

columella simplice.

Alt. 2°75, diam. °75 mm.

Hab. On rocks at low tide, Karachi.

Comparable with three species described by the late

Mr. Edgar Smith (but unfortunately not figured), all of

which occur in the same seas, Viz., consanguinea, perpusilla,

and pumilissima t.

The first of these is longitudinally curvedly striate, vertex

encircled with acute carina round the umbilicus, lip slightly

contracted in the centre.

Perpusilla is smaller and with quite smooth surface ; while

pumilissima, equally minute (alt. 1}, diam. }mm.), possesses

longitudinal curved ridges and very dilated aperture basally.

The specimen selected for the type was accidentally broken

after being figured, and a smaller example has to be considered

the available co-type.

* Zeviodoyr, a little gift.

1 cvOdaoros, fragile.

{ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) ix. pp. 352-3.

from the Persian Gulf, &e. 155

Oxynoé omega, sp.n. (PI. V. fig. 29.)

O. testa ovata, cartilaginea, levigata, epidermide tenui sordide

straminea induta, postice contracta, spira depressa, acute trun-

catula, antice dilatata, rotundata, anfractu ultimo tumescente,

labro fere recto, leniter ad basin rotundato, pertenui,

Alt. 6, lat. 4 mm.

fTab. Gulf of Oman, Charbar, 5 fathoms.

Several examples, some of which seem slightly malformed.

O. delicatula, Nevill *, appears the nearest ally. This is

reported from both Ceylon and Australia, and about the same

size as the proposed new species; the last whorl is, however,

much less tumid and full, and the posterior contraction more

marked.

The name Oxynoé, Rafinesque, 1819, has many years’

precedence over Jcarus, Forbes, 1844, and the better-known

Lophocercus, Kroken, 1847.

Cylindrobulla systremma ft, sp.n. (PI. V. fig. 30.)

C. testa parva, elongato-cylindrica, tenuissima, membranacea,

superficie undique levi, subpellucente, ochraceo-straminea; an-

fractibus 3, apicalibus duobus inclusis deplanatis, ultimo maxime

involuto ; apertura angustissime supra, ad basin multum latiore,

subtruncatulo,

Long. 6°25, lat. 3°75 mm. (sp. max.).

Hab. Gulf of Oman, Mekran Coast, off Charbar, 40 fathoms.

In form resembling the much smaller European species

C. fragilis, Jeffr. C. sculpta, Nevill}, is atso comparable.

This species, much of the same dimensions, though a little

broader proportionately, is very finely striate, our species

being quite smooth.

Dentalium tomlini, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 31.)

D, testa mediocri, multum incurya, longitudinaliter regulariter

costata, costis 1i-12, interdum versus aperturam anticam evan-

escentibus, interdum undique fortibus, regularibus, interstitiis

levibus, paullum excavatis, superficie nune albescente, nune

ochro-carnea, apice anali in speciminibus haud adultis perminimo,

aliter sub lente bifisso, antico nequaquam expanso.

Long. 22, diam, antic. 3, post. 1 mm.

* Journ. Asiatic Soc, Bengal, 1869, p. 67, pl. xiii. figs. 5-5 ¢. -

+ cborpeppa, a roll.

{ Journ, Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1869, p. 68, pl. xiii. figs. :

Di A

156 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

Hab. Warachi.

Allied to D. porcatum, Gould, from Hongkong, to which

at first I was inclined to allocate it. I am particularly in-

debted to Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin for having, at my request,

carefully examined and compared it with its congeners in the

British Museum, and his verdict is as follows + —*T examined

the single example of D. porcatum in the Cumingian collec-

tion, which is, I fancy, a co-type, and has a label, pasted

underneath, in what I believe to be Gould’s handwriting.

Your Karachi shell is very similar, but more tapering, and

possesses ribs running the whole length of the shell, whereas

in poreatum the alternate ribs stop abruptly about 3 of the

way” (tn litt., Aug. 10, 1916). It gives me sincere pleasure

to baptize this neat species with Mr. le Brockton Tomlin’s

name.

Divaricella cypselis*, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 33.)

D. testa rotundo-globulari, parva albo-cinerea, delicatula, antice

dorsaliter excavata, postice leniter declivi, deinde circa mar-

ginem ventralem rotundata, umbonibus contiguis, parvis, super-

ficie, spatio centrali valve utriusque excepto, arctissime con-

centrice lirata, et antice, simul ac postice radiatim decussata, ad

jmubunrass lirarum gemmata, valvis profunde convexis.

Alt. 4, lat. 5, diam. 2°45 mm.

Hab. Karachi, 20-30 fathoms.

A small rounded species, with finely sculptured divaricate

liration, the surface of both valves being smooth centrally,

and finely radiately decussate both anteriorly and posteriorly.

‘he umbones are small, acute, shining.

Phacoides malcolmensis, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 32.)

P. testa parva, fere rotunda, alba, arctissime concentrice lamellata,

lamellis paullulum flexuosis, hic illic irregularibus, supra, Juxta

et infra umbones sub lente minutissime decussatis, umbonibus

prominulis contiguis, parvis, antice paullum excavata, deinde

rotundata, postice recte declivi marginem apud dorsalem, dentibus

normalibus.

Long. 9°25, lat. 10 mm. (sp. maj,).

Hab. Persian Gulf, Malcolm Inlet, 35 fathoms.

A small white species with a fugitive light olive epidermis,

very closely lamellate throughout. Only two or three

* «beds, a chest or box,

from the Persian Gulf, &e. ES

examples were dredged, and it is possible it may attain

slightly larger dimensions, as we are not certain of these

being adult.

Cypricardia vertumnalium*, sp.n. (PL. V. fig. 34.)

C. testa sordide alba, solidula, polymorpha, oblonga vel ovata,

~ nune alta, ovata, umbonibus prominulis, nunc oblongo-depressa,

umbonibus minutis, hie arcte concentrice lamellata, illic fere

levigata, superticie longitudinaliter inter lamellas arcte striata,

lamellis rudibus, postice sepius incurvis, intus alba, nitida, sinu

palliali lato, profundo, dentibus variatis, plerisque normalibus,

interdum cardinali laterali absente, vel deformi.

Alt. 26, lat. 22, diam. 13 mm. (sp. max.).

Hab. Karachi.

A polymorphic species which cannot exactly be matched

with any other of the recent forms, with which we have care-

fully compared it, simple though its appearance and characters

be. Through the kindness of Mr. G. B. Sowerby we have

received a suite of specimens, all from the same locality, or

collected by Mr. Townsend, and these each exhibit some

varietal phase.

Carditella concinna, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 35.)

C. testa perminuta, solidiuscula, cequivalvi, fere eequilaterali, sub-

triangulata, concinna, umbonibus contiguis, margine dorsali antice

excayatula, postice leniter declivi, deinde ventrali rotundata,

costis longitudinalibus tredecim, latis in utraque valva, superficie

undique arcte tenuiter striata.

Alt. 1°75, lat. 2, diam. 1 mm.

Hab. Karachi.

An exceedingly small but neat little shell, the shape some-

what triangular, slightly excavate dorsally in front and poste-

riorly gradually sloping off to the rounded ventral margin.

Slightly convex ; both valves, almost equilateral, are pro-

vided with thirteen flattened ribs, the interstices being

exceedingly narrow, all everywhere crossed by transverse

very fine strive. It occurred most rarely.

* Vertumnus, the god of mutability, had festal days, entitled “ Ver-

tumnalia,’ dedicated in his honour.

158 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

hig... a

Fig. 2

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

hig. 30

Fg. 6

Bag. «hs

hig, 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Q'S

Ne ere ee

~7 O) Or ye ©

Fie, 18.

PLATE IV.

. Bursa gnorima.

. Alectryon (Phrontis) alcimus.

(Hima) protrusidens.

(——) gwatkinianus.

. Pisania townsendi.

. Mitra vaticinator.

(Pusia) tteina.

. Lamellaria (Chelynotus) berghi, Desh. (juv.).

. Melanella lampra.

. Mucronalia aethria.

. Turbonilla umbrina.

exilispira.

patruelis.

thryallis. '

. Styloptygma clymene.

. Lulimella squarrosula.

. Cingulina secernenda.

Triphora incolums.

PLATE V.

. Amphithalamus psomus.

. Rissoina (Chiliostigma) refugium.

. Fossarus eutorniscus,

(Couthouyia) eancellarius.

. Triphora interpres.

. Leptothyra miltochrista,

. Minolhia charmosyne.

( Conotrochus) eutyches.

. Luchelus xeniolum.

. Cylichna euthlasta.

29. Oxynoé omega.

. Cylindrobulla systremma.

. Dentalium tomlint.

. Phacoides malcolmensis.

. Divaricella cypselis.

. Cypricardia vertumnalium.

. Carditella concinna.

XVII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —LXXIX.

By T. D. A. CockrrEx1, University of Colorado.

Colletes gigas, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 17 mm.; anterior wing 12 mm.

Black, including legs and antennz, the middle of flagellum

faintly reddish beneath; tegule clear ferrugimous; hair of

), Volt, PLLV.

weaieh)

Ant.c¢ MaawNVat.Atst

LVILL.

FROM PERSIAN GULF AND ARABIAN SEA.

MOLLLUSCA

MELVILL. Ani.d Mug Na i Flist, 8.2, VOCLPLY.

G.M.Woodwara del.et lith Muth imj

MOLLUSCA FROM PERSIAN GULF AND ARABIAN SEA.

Records of Bees. 159

face pale fulvous, with some fuscous, of region about ocelli

mainly fuscous, of cheeks pale but not white ; clypeus lon-

gitudinally depressed in middle, coarsely punctured, with

a marked tendency toward longitudinal ridges; malar space

about half as long as broad; ocelli fulvous; vertex with

very small irregular punctures ; mesothorax strongly punc-

tured; base of metathorax with coarse ruge ; thorax above

with dense bright fulvous hair, sparsely tipped with fuseous ;

tubercles with fulvous hair, and a patch just behind tipped

with fuscous; pleura with pale ochreous-tinted hair. Wings

reddish hyaline, nervures and the small stigma ferruginous,

radial nervure fuscous; second submarginal cell extremely

broad, receiving first recurrent nervure in middle. Legs

with pale ochreous-tinted hair; spurs ferruginous. Abdo-

men dullish, without distinct punctures; hind margins of

segments broadly testaceous, and covered with appressed

ochreous hair, but the first band is mainly on base of second

segment; first segment with hight fulvous hair on basal:

part; fourth and fifth segments with long fuscous hair before

the light bands; venter thinly covered all over with ochreous

hair.

Foochow, Fukien, China, Nov. 16, 1914 (C. R. Kellogg,

243). From Prof, €. F. Baker.

Something like C. fodiens, Kirby, but of gigantic size.

C. mongolicus, Pérez, from Mongolia, has the red hair on

thorax above, but it is very much smaller.

Colletes friesei, n. n.

Colletes mongolicus, Friese, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. St. Pétershourg,

xviii. (1918), p. xlix (not of Pérez, 1903).

Megachile (Paramegachile) kobensis, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 12 mm.

Black, with white hair, which is short and thin on head

and thorax above, so that the general effect is grey. Abdo-

men with entire white hair-bands on segments 2 to 5;

ventral scopa white (with a faint creamy tint, contrasting

with the pure white of the dorsal bands), black on last seg-

ment; last dorsal segment straight in profile, with scanty

short dark hair. Mandibles quadridentate, the basal half

covered with white hair; clypeus convex, densely punctured,

with a smooth shining median line, lower margin subangular

on each side; supraclypeal area densely punctured, with a

shining area in middle ; flagellum obscure fuscous beneath,

160 Mr. DD, 7A: Cockerell— Descriptions and

except at base; mesothorax and scutellum dull, with small

extremely dense punctures ; metathorax with long white

hair all over: tegule dark rufo-fuscous, witha broad hyaline

margin. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky; hind basitarsi

moderately broad, the hair on inner side clear ferruginous.

Abdomen finely punctured.

Kobe, Japan (Baker, 1449).

Not closely allied to any described Japanese species. In

Friese’s Paliearctic table it runs to M. leucomalla, Gerst., but

has no dark hair on thorax. In the table of Oriental species

it runs to M. femorata, Smith, but is larger and has black

legs. Smith’s species requires a new name, as follows :—

Megachile femoratella, n. n.

Megachile femorata, Smith, New Sp. Hym. Brit. Mus. (1879) p. 68

(India). Not W. femorata, Smith, 1853.

Nomia rhododonta, sp. n.

? .—Black; postscutellum with a deeply bidentate pro-

cess, the teeth red; abdomen with broad emerald-green

bands, shot with vermilion, on hind margins of segments 2

to 4; clypeus and supraclypeal area carinate ; wings red-

dish, second submarginal cell short, higher than broad. In

all respects very close to M. incerta, Gribodo, but somewhat

larger, with the jarge tegule bright clear ferruginous, the

mesothorax sparsely punctured with large and very small

punctures, the upper border of prothorax and tubercles with

light fulvous hair, and a large tuft of same before tegule ;

hair of mesopleura ochreous-tinted ; punctures of second

abdominal segment not so dense.

Baton (Bouton ?), Celebes (Queensland Museum, 54).

This appears to be identical with the species from Celebes*

mentioned in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxi. p. 822, but not

named.

Melissodes hymenoxidis, Cockerell.

Tolland, Colorado, Aug. 24, 1911 (Cockerell).

Epeolus humillimus, sp. n.

3 .—Length 65-7 mm.

Black, with the mandibles red except at base, a red spot

at each side of labrum; tegul, tubercles, knees, tibize at

apex, and the tarsi all ferruginous; mandibles bidentate ;

’

Records of Bees. 161

maxillary palpi 2-jointed ; antenne black ; clypeus densely

and minutely rugoso-punctate ; upper part of face covered

with pure white hair; mesothorax and scutellum dull and

rough, scutellum bilobed ; mesothorax with the anterior and

posterior corners, and a pair of well-defined broad bands

anteriorly, with greyish-white pubescence ; mesopleura with

only the upper half densely pubescent ; scutellum covered

with white hair posteriorly. Wings with the apical margin

dusky. Abdomen with the usual bands of creamy-white

tomentum, those on apices of segments 1 to 5 narrowly

interrupted in middle, on 2 to 4 concave anteriorly sub-

laterally, on 2 connected with a round patch at sides, on 5

reduced to a pair of transverse patches; band on sixth seg-

ment entire ; black area on first segment a broad transverse

band, obliquely truncate at each end. ;

Variety a. Bands on mesothorax anteriorly altered to

broad suffused patches, partly coalescent.

Pullman, Washington State, Aug. 2, 1908 (IV. M. Mann).

In Robertson’s table (Canad. Entom. 1903, p. 288) this

runs out, having the pleura below quite closely punctured,

the scutellum bilobed, and the mandibles toothed. It may

be compared with EH. interruptus, Rob., but that is larger,

with red legs and scape. . olympiellus, Ck, is larger, with

the labrum entirely black and the tegule darker; it comes

from the moist coast region, and evidently ZL. humillimus is

its representative in the dry interior. The two may be

found to intergrade in the country between.

Nomia (Hoplonomia) expulsa, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 12°5 mm.

Black, with the hind tibize (except a black spot) and tarsi

dull ferruginous. Eyes reddish brown, strongly converging

below ; face covered with ochreous hair; flagellum dusky

red beneath ; head and thorax dorsally with rather coarse

ochreous hair, ventrally with white hair, the transition

gradual at sides; mesothorax and scutellum dull and

rugose ; postscutellum with a pair of long spines, red at

end; tegule large, brown, with a broad whitish border.

Wings dusky reddish; stigma (which is small) and nervures

ferruginous ; first r.n. joining second s.m. very near its end.

Legs with whitish hair; hind femora enormously swollen,

subglobose, conoid ; hind tibiz extremely short and stout,

triangular, the spurs arising from the extremely produced

inner apical corner; hind basitarsi greatly broadened,

162 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

broadest toward the base, where they are posteriorly con-

eave. Abdomen dulland hairy, the hind margins of the first

five segments (especially the fourth and fifth) whitened or

pallid ; before the light tegumentary bands is fuscous hair,

except on the first segment, where the band itself is feebly

developed.

“Guyane, Maroni” (Queensland Mus. 46).

This seems out of place in the Neotropical fauna, and

I wondered whether it could be an Old World species with

wrong locality-label. However, I fail to find any such species

in the fauna of Asia or Africa, and the structure of the hind

legs, most significantly the basitarsi, approaches that of the

American N. nortoni, Cresson. Consequently I believe it is

really an American insect.

Melipona chrysura, sp. 0.

¢ —Length 9 mm.

Robust; head and thorax black, with short pale hair,

ochreous dorsally ; face dark, except that there is a reddish

spot below each antenna, and the lower edge of clypeus is

narrowly red ; labrum and apical part of mandibles reddish ;

scape with a red spot at base and a less conspicuous one at

apex; flagellum very long, ferruginous beneath; scutellum

and axille clear fulvous; metathorax suffused with reddish;

clypeus dull, but a polished shining band marking its upper

end; tubercles fulvous; mesothorax dull, densely rugoso-

punctate, with two shining lines on each side, and a median

line of greyish-white hair; scutellum dull; base of meta-

thorax shining ; tegule large, ferruginous. Wings reddish

hyaline, stigma and nervures ferruginous. Legs more or

less reddish, the anterior femora beneath and tibie in front,

middle tibize at apex, and hind tibie suffusedly on inner side,

ferruginous. Abdomen broad, dull orange, the first two

segments combined with a very broad X-like dark brown

mark, the upper arms of which reach the sides of first seg-

ment, but the lower arms go little more than halfway to

sides of second; segments 3 to 5 dark at base ; sixth dark

with pale hind margin; venter pale fulvous suffusedly

marked with fuscous.

Olokemeji, Ibadan, Nigeria (Queensland Mus., 55).

Nearest to Jrigona or Melipona tomentosa, Friese, but

larger, and differing in the details of coloration.

Records of Bees. 163

Perdita interrupta, Cresson.

Claremont, California (Baker; Pomona College, 227).

This is the first definite locality; Cresson only gave

“ California.”

Prosopis littleri, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 5°5 mm.

Rather slender; black, marked with pale lemon-yellow

and bright ferruginous; face below antenna, as well as

labrum and mandibles, yellow; the lateral marks extend

upward along orbital margin as a very narrow band, coming

to a point about halfway up front; scape with a yellow band

in front; flagellum ferruginous beneath; mesothorax and

scutellum dull, with no punctures visible under a lens ; base

of metathorax dull, not sculptured; narrow line on pro-

thorax above, and tubercles, white; tegule black. Wings

dusky, first r.n. meeting first t.-c.; knees, anterior tibiz

(except sometimes a small spot), middle tibiz (except a large

patch behind), hind tibize at base and extreme apex, and all

the tarsi (except extreme apex of middle and hind ones)

ferruginous. Abdomen with the basal two segments bright

ferruginous, the others black; the first segment is black at

base, and the second has a large black patch on each side,

or these markings may be practically obsolete.

George Town, Tasmania, March 1915 (Ff. M. Littler,

2593).

Nearest to the mainland P. sanguinipicta, Ckll., but easily

known by the greater amount of red on abdomen.

Prosopis mediovirens, Cockerell.

Launceston, Tasmania, Feb. 13,1916 (Littler, 2809). The

male sent is 455 mm. long, which is larger than the type.

New to Tasmania.

Prosopis chlorosoma, Cockerell.

Launceston, Tasmania, Feb. 13,1916 (Littler, 2810, pars).

New to Tasmania.

Prosopis perhumilis, Cockerell.

Launceston, Tasmania, Feb. 13,1916 (Littler, 2810, pars),

and a male, Feb. 12, 1914 (Littler, 2811). The occurrence

of this species in Tasmania (cf. Descr. Rec. Bees, Ixii. p, 54)

is thus confirmed.

164 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Prosopis brevior, sp. n.

Prosopis perhumilis, Cockerell, Mem. Queensl. Mus, v. (1916) p. 197

(Oxley, Brisbane), ¢.

IT am now convinced that the Queensland supposed per-

humilis must be separated. It is easily distinguished (¢ )

by the shorter clypeus and larger supraclypeal mark. In

perhumilis the parallel-sided part of clypeus is higher than

broad, in drevior it is very much broader than high. In

brevior the lateral face-marks are longer, and the yellow

stripe on scape is broader.

Euryglossa tasmanica, sp. n.

? Length about 6°5 mm.

Head and thorax black without markings. Abdomen very

dark reddish, with a large subtriangular yellow patch on each

side of segments 2 to 5, those on 5 only narrowly separated

in the middle line; mandibles yellow basally, beyond that

ferruginous, and dark at apex; clypeus and supraclypeal

area shining, sparsely punctured ; supraclypeal area strongly

elevated and angulate above; flagellum rather obscure red

beneath; thorax only moderately shining, with scanty pale

hair; mesothorax with mimute very sparse punctures on a

dullish ground; metathorax obscurely reddish ; tegule dark.

Wings slightly dusky, stigma and nervures dull ferruginous,

venation ordinary. Anterior and middle knees, anterior tibize

in front, and stripe on middle ones yellow or reddish-yellow.

Abdomen shining ; venter of abdomen rufo-testaceous, with

no markings except that middle of first segment is piceous.

Launceston, Tasmania, 3 ?, Dec. 27,1915 (Littler, 2806).

Related to EL. maculata, Sm., from Swan River, but that

has yellow legs.

Callomelitta nigrofasciata, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 9 mm.

Shining black, with lateral thirds of mesothorax (narrower

posteriorly) terra-cotta red; anterior femora at apex, anterior

tibiee (except a black mark behind) and their basitarsi red ;

apical plate of abdomen small and narrow, subclavate.

Very close to C. litileri, Ckll., but apparently not its male,

on account of the paler (though strongly dusky) wings, the

broad black band down middle of mesothorax, and the black

Ee ee tltC

Records of Bees. 165

tegule (in /ittleri these are clear red). The second sub-

marginal cell is much narrower below than in Ji¢éleri. The

tubercles are black (red in Ji¢tleri).

Launceston, Tasmania, Dec. 27, 1915 (Littler, 2272).

_Halictus erythrurus, Cockerell.

Launceston, Tasmania, Dec. 19 and 25, 1915 (Littler,

2807). New to Tasmania.

Halictus tasmanie (Cockerell).

St. Helens, Tasmania, Jan. 1-4, 1916 (Littler, 2808). The

mesothorax is very faintly greenish.

Trigona parastigma, sp. 0.

Trigona stigma, Cockerell, ‘Psyche,’ 1913, p, 11 (Las Subanas,

Panama),

A specimen from Maroni, French Guiana (Queensland

Mus., 53), differs from the Panama and Guatemala insect by

the larger, broader head, the sides of the face broadly and

strongly white-pruinose. ‘This must be the true stigma, of

which Smith says, “ head wider than the thorax, the face

anteriorly having a silvery pile.’ In the other form, which

Ihave hitherto regarded as 7. stigma, the head is not so

conspicuously broad, and while the face has a very thin

pubescence, there is nothing to produce a white surface. The

male from ‘Trinidad seems to belong to T. parastigma. The

two species are certainly very closely allied, and yet evidently

distinct.

Andrena ribifloris, Viereck & Cockerell.

? .—Variety with pale hair, the long hair on first two

abdominal segments white.

Near Gresham, Colorado, at flowers of Ribes saxosum,

June 8 (W. P. Cockerell).

Andrena opacissima, sp. 0,

? .—Length about 8 mm.; anterior wing 7°2 mm.

Dull black, the head and thorax with long white hair,

faintly creamy dorsally; facial quadrangle broader than

Jong; cheeks with very long hair; process of labrum small,

obtusely pointed; clypeus with long hair, feebly punctured,

minutely transversely striate; facial foveee rather broad,

166 Descriptions and Records of-Bees.

warm reddish ; antenne black ; vertex dull, not punctured ;

mesothorax dull, without any distinct punctures ; area of

metathorax dull, without plice; tegulz piceous. Wings

hyaline, the large stigma and nervures dull ferruginous ;

second s.m. broad, receiving first r.n, before middle. Legs

black, with pale hair, that on inner side of hind basitarsi

very pale ochreous. Abdomen broad, dull, with a slight

satiny gloss, impunctate; second segment feebly depressed

about two-fifths ; white hair at sides of first segment, and

segments 2 to 5 with long white hair-bands, very weak in

middle of second, apical hair slightly brownish.

Indian Creek, Nampa, Idaho, at flowers of willow,

April 26, 1916 (Goldie McGlothlen).

Easily known from A. nigritarsis, V. & C., and A. brachy-

carpe, V. & C., by the dull abdomen, with the surface micro-

scopically cancellate. It is nearest to A. nudiscopa, Vier.,

and A. mustelicolor, Vier., but is smaller, with reddish facial

foveee and wings not reddened. ‘These two species have not

yet been fully described, but I have specimens determined by

Viereck. ‘lhe hind basitarsus of opacissima is slender, only

about half as broad as the tibia at end, a character of nudi-

scopa (syn. angustitarsata, Vier., fide Viereck in litt.) rather

than musielicolor. On the other hand, the dull minutely-

roughened clypeus is that of mustelicolor rather than nudi-

scopa. The paler, dark margined stigma also distinguishes

the new species from my example of nudiscopa.

Andrena politissima, sp. n.

? —Length a little over 9 mm.

Black, shining, the head and thorax with long pale hair,

distinctly ochreous dorsally ; clypeus with very long hair ;

facial quadrangle broader than long; process of labrum

narrowly truncate; malar space short but distinct ; clypeus

shining, with distinct rather dense punctures, no smooth

median line ; facial fovee rather broad, very pale ochreous ;

antenne black, third joint little (about 4 per cent.) shorter

than next two combined; mesothorax and scutellum shining,

with strong scattered punctures ; postscutellum prominent

in middle; area of metathorax distinctly defined, dull, with

a median ridge and rather weak though large oblique lateral

plice, giving a fluted effect ; tegulz piceous. Wings dusky,

greyish, yellowish basally ; stigma and nervures dusky red-

dish; seconds.m. about as broad as high, receiyiug first r. n,

about middle. Legs black, with pale hair; middle and hind

On the Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 167

basitarsi rather broad, with pale ochreous hair on inner

side. Abdomen extremely polished, impunctate, the second

and third segments depressed in middle nearly to base, the

basal elevated parts weakly punctured; segments 1 to 4

without hair-bands, but 3 and 4 with pale hair at sides; .

fifth segment and apex with abundant pale, slightly cream

hair. :

Nampa, Idaho, at flowers of willow, April 26, 1916

(Goldie McGlothlen).

Related to A. cyanophila, Ckll., but easily separated by the

very feeble punctures at base of second and third abdominal

segments. It seems to be close to A. trachandrenoides, Vier.,

which has never been fully described; but that has the third

antennal joint longer, and on that account is excluded by

Viereck from the subgenus Zrachandrena, to which A, poli-

tissima certainly belongs.

XVIII.—The Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands.

By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S.

Dr. GUNTHER ENDERLEIN’S account of the insects of Tierra

del Fuego, the Falklands, and South Georgia obtained by

the Swedish South Polar Expedition, published in the

‘ Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar,’ Band

xlviil. no. 3, pp. 1-170, with four plates and numerous text-

figures, brings our knowledge of the fauna of these regions

up to 1912. His paper does not, of course, include some of

the Coleoptera captured by Charles Darwin in Tierra del

Fuego and the Falklands during the voyage of the ‘ Beagle,’

which have remained for upwards of thine years unidentified

and buried, as it were, amongst the “ Accessions” in the

British Museum. The Falkland beetles named by the three

members of the Waterhouse family (G. R., C. O., and F.), to

’ whom the Museum is indebted for most of them, are enume-

rated in Enderlein’s list. The remainder, supplemented by

various other collections from the same islands received during

recent years, including a few species obtained by Fleet-

Surgeon M. Cameron in December, 1914, form the material

for the present paper, which adds 11 Coleoptera to the

Falkland list. The 34 (not 35, as stated) enumerated by

Enderlein include 16 apterous Curculionide, probably all

168 Mr. G. U. Champion on the

endemic, 9 Carabide, the winged species of which (Ant-

arctia) occur along the sea-shore and are not peculiar, 3

Tenebrionide, all apterous or incapable of flight, and 1

each of Dytiscide, Staphylinidee, Silphidee, Byrrhidee, and

Chrysomelide, the last-named requiring confirmation. One

species of Carabide, Metius harpaloides, Curtis, type found

by Capt. King at Sta. Elena, Patagonian coast, was in-

correctly included *, and one Curculionid, Listroderes lemnis-

catus, Quoy & Gaimard, type from the Falklands f, omitted

by Enderlein, who probably followed Kolbe’s Magellanic

list (1907) without verifying his citations. The additions

are: two families with one species each (Lathridiide and

Pythide), 6 apterous Curculionidae, 2 Staphylinidee, and

1 Byrrhid, bringing the total to 44. Several minute Staphy-

linide, at present undetermined, were also taken by Mr.

Cameron in the Islands in 1914. Darwin must have met

with thé Curculionid-genus Listroderes there, but no repre-

sentative of it has been found in the Museum.

I hope to deal with various other Magellanic and Chilean

Coleoptera captured by him in a separate paper. The

following is a revised list of the species known from the

Falklands, nearly all of which appear to have been taken on

the Kast Island ¢ :—

Carabide.

1. Lissopterus guadrinotatus, G. R. Waterh.

Hab. FALKLANDS (C. Darwin, C. J. C. Pool), Stanley

Harbour and Port Stanley (Hnderlein, WM. Cameron).

Type in B.M. Enderlein names two varieties of this

insect, binotatus and piceus. His figure represents an imma-

ture reddish example. There are also specimens of this

species in the Mttseum labelled “Straits of Magellan,”

presented by the Lords of the Admiralty in 1869, but the

locality requires confirmation.

2. Brachycelus virescens, G. R. Waterh.

Hab. FALKLANDS (Lebrun, sec. Rousseau) ; TIERRA DEL

Fueao, Navarin Isl. and Hunter’s Peak in Hermite Isl., near

* Of. Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, p. 36.

+ Cf. Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 304.

{ The Ichneumonid described and figured by Enderlein in his Falkland

paper under_the name Ophion larseni=O. occidentalis, Morley (March,

1912), the latter name having a few months’ priority,

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 169

Wigwam Cove, not far from Cape Horn, and Hardy Peninsula

(C. Darwin), Orange Bay, Hoste Isl., and Cape Horn

(Hyades & Huhn), Nose Peak (PR. Crawshay); S. CHtLe,

Punta Arenas (sec. Fairmatre; R. Crawshay), Port Famine

(C. Darwin).

Type in B.M.

3. Aligadops falklandicus, G. R. Waterlh.

Hab. FALKLANDS (C. Darwin).

Type in B.M.

4, Antarctia blanda, Dejean.

Antarctia blanda, De}. Spec. Coleopt. iii. p. 529 (1828) !, and v. p. 805

(1831)?; Enderl. Kungl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl, xlviii. no. 3, p. 9

(1912) ’,

Antarectia malachitica, Dej. Spec. Coleopt. iii. p. 534+; Guérin, Voyage

‘Coquille,’ ii. 2, p. 59, t. i. fig. 14 (1830) °.

Antarctia latigastrica, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 194 (2)

(1839) (nec Dejean) °. 7

Antarctia quadricollis, Solier, in Gay’s Hist. Chile, iv. p. 246 (1849) ”.

Hab. FALKLANDS [Iles Malouines!**] (C. Darwin, Col.

A. M. Reid, C. J. C. Pool, M. Cameron), Port Stanley $;

TIERRA DEL FugEGO (C. Darwin), Useless Bay, Nose Peak,

Rio M°Cleiland (2. Crawshay) ; CHILE?", Valle del Lago

Blanco (Koslowsky), Port Famine® (C. Darwin, Capt. King).

There are upwards of thirty specimens of this species in

the Museum—sixteen from the Ialklands and the rest from

various places in Tierra del Fuego or Chile. It is separable

from the commoner A. nitida, Guér., as here interpreted, by

the narrower, subquadrate prothorax, the sides of which are

distinctly sinuate before the base and the hind angles sub-

rectangular, the less parallel, posteriorly widened elytra, with

their apices more produced and more deeply sinuate exter-

nally, the paler tibiz and tarsi, &c. The general coloration

is much more uniform in the two sexes—green, bluish green,

or obscure violaceous, no cupreous or brassy examples

occurring in the series before me. ‘The male has joints 1-3

of the anterior tarsi less dilated, and the intermediate tibie

less sinuate, than in the same sex of A. nitida. The antenne

and legs are similarly coloured, and the prosternal process

margined laterally, in the two forms. A. annulicornis,

Curtis, type ¢, from Port Famine &c., Straits of Magellan,

is a closely allied, more obscurely coloured insect. The

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 12

170 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

Antaretia recorded by Curtis from Port Famine under the

name A. latigastrica, Dej., is a 2 of A. blanda. Guérin’s

figure of the latter was taken from a specimen from Con-

cepcion, Chile. Bates recorded in 1871 the capture of many

specimens of A. blanda and A. malachitica by Capt. Macey

in the Falklands. A. racovitzai, Rousseau, based on a single

specimen (2, to judge from his ficure) from Lapataia,

Beagle Canal, must come very near A. blanda.

5. Antaretia nittda, Guérin.

Antarctia nitida, Guérin, Voyage ‘Coquille,’ ii. 2, p. 59, t. i. fig. 10

(1830) 1.

Var. Antarctia chalybea, Blanch. Voyage Péle Sud, iv. p. 38, Atlas,

t. ii. fig. 8 (1853) ?.

Antarctia glauca, Blanch. loc. cit. Dp. 39, t, iii, fig. 4.

? Antarctia anodon, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1883, p. 485 +,

Antarctia blanda, Enderl. Kungl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. xlviii. no. 5,

p. 9, t. 1. fig. 9 (Pd nec 2) (1912) (part.) (nec Dejean) *.

Var. Antarctia rimosa, Enderl. loc. cit.®

Hab. FALKLANDS [Iles Malouines!], Lafonia near Port

Darwin (‘Challenger’ Exped.: 3), Port Stanley ®* (Col.

A.M. Reid, C.J. C. Pool, M. Cameron: & 2); OBSERVA-

TION Isu.°; TIERRA DEL FuxGo (C. Darwin: 3), Nose Peak

and leelere Bay (R. Crawshay: 3 ¢); PaTaGonia, Port

. Desire and Santa Cruz (C. Darwin: ¢) ; S. CHILE, Port

Famine 7%, Punta Arenas* [Sandy Bay] (J. J. Walker, Mus.

Brit.: & 3), Possession Bay (Mus. Brit.: g), Valle del

Lago Blanco (Koslowsky: 2).

Guérin’s ‘description of A. nitida must have been taken

from the common Falkland Antarctia figured by Enderlein

under the name A. blanda, a very different insect, though

they are treated as forms of one by the last-named author.

The rough figure given by Guérin, however, does not show

the strongly rounded sides of the prothorax, characteristic

of the present species, while that of Blanchard (of A. glauca)

agrees well in this respect. The series of about 100 examples

before me, including many from Tierra del Fuego, Chile, and

Patagonia, and a still larger number from the Falklands,

shows great variation in colour (much as in a series of the

variable Harpalus eneus, F., of the Palearctic region)—

zneous, cupreo-eeneous (especially in @ ), green, bluish-green,

rarely, blue or violaceous. A. chalybea, Blanch., from

Port Famine, A. anodon, Fairm., from Punta Arenas, and

A. rimosa, Enderl., from Port Stanley, are almost certainly

synonymous with it. A. vimosa is based upon a-single

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 171

example (sex not stated) with the elytral interstices somewhat

convex, a form also to be found now and then amongst the

specimens occurring on the mainland. ‘The male has joints 1-3

of the anterior tarsi considerably widened, and the intermediate

tibize curved, as well as strongly sinuate within. The basal

joints of the antenne and the tibia and tarsi are more or less

testaceous. The third elytral interstice usually has two or

three small pores along the apical half, sometimes indistinct

or wanting.

This insect, according to Mr. Cameron, is common on the

sea-shore at Port Stanley.

6. Dormeyeria audouin’, Guérin.

Hab. FALKLANDS [Iles Malouines], Soledad Bay, Port

Stanley, and Hooker’s Point ; Srrarrs OF MAGELLAN.

This Trechid and the following species, placed by Hnder-

lein under his new genus Dormeyeria, are apparently not

represented in the Museum.

7. Dormeyeria soledadina, Guérin.

Hab. FALKLANDS [Iles Malouines], Soledad Bay, Port

Stanley, and Seal Cove.

8. Trechus antarcticus, Guérin.

Hab. FALKLANDS [Iles Malouines] (C. Darwin, R. Val-

lentin, C. J. C. Pool), Port Stanley (M/. Cameron) ; 'T1eRRA

DEL Furao, Navarin Isl. (C. Darwin) ; PATAGONIA.

A long series seen, including one specimen from Navarin

Island.

9. Merizodus macey?, Bates.

Fab. FaLKLANDS (C. Darwin, Capt. Macey, J. Mac-

gillivray, R. Vallentin, C.J. C. Pool), Port Stanley (Col.

A. M. Reid, M. Cameron) ; ‘TIERRA DEL FuEGO, Picton Isl.,

Beagle Channel (sec. Fairmaire), &e.

More abundant in the Falklands than 7. antarcticus, and

apparently occurring in company .with it. The Museum

received a long series of it in 1851 from J. Macgillivray.

Dytiscide.

10. Lancetes flavoscutatus, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKuLanps (R. Vallentin, M. Cameron), Speedwell

Isl., Halfway Cove (type, 2).

: 12*

172 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

I have seen three males and three females of this species.

It is probably a form of the variable 1.( Dytiseus) varius, F.,

the fragmentary Patagonian type (¢) of which is still pre-

served in the Banksian Collection at the British Museum.

Darwin captured a pur of the latter at Santa Cruz, Pata-

gonla.

Staphylinida.

11. Arpediomimus falklandicus, Cameron.

Arpediopsis falklandica, Cameron, Ent. Monthly Mag. lui. p, 124

(June 1917).

Arpediomimus falklandicus, Cameron, loc. cit. p. 277 (Dec. 1917).

Hah, FALKLANDS, Port Stanley (WZ. Cameron),

Found in decaying kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Dee.

1914. This genus is placed by its describer in a new group,

‘““ Arpediomimi.” The generic name first used was found to

be preoccupied in Staphylinide.

12. Quedius mesomelinus, Marsham.

Hab. FALKLANDS (R. Vallentin).

A cosmopolitan insect. One specimen only taken. It has

been recorded from Australia, New Zealand, Peru, &e.

13. Antarctophytosus darwini, F. Wateth.

Phytosus darwini, F. Waterh. Journ. Linn. Soce., Zool. xiv. p. 531

(1878).

Paraphytosus atriceps, Cameron, Ent. Monthly Mag. li. p. 125 (June

1917) (nec Waterh.).

Antarctophytosus darwint, Cameron, loc. cit. p. 233 (Oct. 1917).

Hab, FALKLANDS (C, Darwin) ; Crozet Is.

Found by Mr. Cameron on sandy beaches in the Falklands

in dry root-masses of “kelp”? in Dee. 1914. Included in

Enderlein’s list under the name Phytosus darwint.

Type in B.M.

Silphide.

14. Catops falklandicus, F. Waterh.

Hab. FALKLANDS(C. Darwin), Port Stanley (JZ. Cameron) ;

TIERRA DEL FurGo, Rio M°Clelland, San Sebastian (2.

Crawshay), Gable Isl.

es Oe

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 173

Three specimens (g ¢ ?) of this species were captured by

Mr. Cameron at Port Stanley.

Type in B.M.

Byrrhidz.

15. Chalciospherium solox, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS, Port Louis.

Type captured on July 25th, 1902. Not represented in

B.M.

16. Chaleiospherium enderlein’, sp. n.

Oval, very convex, shining, eneous or greenish-seneous

above, neo-piceous beneath, the antenna and legs in great

part piceous; somewhat thickly clothed with long, erect,

bristly, brownish hairs (all easily abraded), the under surface

and legs also pubescent; the head and prothorax rather

closely and conspicuously, the elytra more sparsely and irregu-

larly, punct»te; beneath very closely, the metasternum more

sparsely, punctured, the concave pro- and epipleura much

smoother. Head large, broad ; antenne rapidly widening

outwards, joints 6-10 strongly transverse, 11 ovate, about as

long as 9 and 10 united, 7-11 forming an elongate, lax club.

Prothorax rapidly narrowing from the base forward, the sides

(viewed laterally) almost straight, the hind angles sharp.

Scutellum wanting, Elytra mcderately long, rapidly, arcu-

ately narrowing from the base, somewhat acuminate at the

tip. Prosternal process bioad, rounded at the apex, which is

received in a smooth deep cavity in the n esosternum. 'Tarsi

with a narrow pencil of hairs at the apex of the third joint

beneath, the fourth joint very small. Atdeagus: lateral

lobes very long and acuminate, the long penis-sheath also

acuminate and curved downward at the tip.

Length 23-3, breadth 13-12 mm.

Hab. Fatxuanp Is. (7h. Havers), Port Stanley [type, ¢ ]

(M. Cameron).

Described from a perfect male captured by Mr. Cameron in

Dec. 1914. Two others, imperfect and abraded (2 ¢?),

found in the Falklands in 1860, and presented by Mr. Havers

to the British Museum in 1573, seem to belong to the same

species. The unique type of the genus, C. so/ow, is a larger

and broader insect (length 32, breadth 24 nim.), and much

more rounded at the sides (to judge from Enderlein’s figure),

and it has a long lobe or spiniform process at the apex of the

174 Mr. G. ©. Champion on the

third tarsal joint beneath. C. enderleini agrees with C. solowx

in having no visible scutellum, both doubtless being apterous.

The present insect has the general facies of a Simplocaria,

except that the elytra are without trace of strize.

Lathridiide.

17. Lathridius malouinensis, sp. n.

Elongate, somewhat depressed, moderately shining, the

head and prothorax ferruginous, the elytra testaceous, obliquely

nigro-bifasciate (the fascia varying in development, some-

times more or less coalescent and leaving only the apex and a

humeral patch testaceous), the antennee (the club excepted)

and legs testaceous, the terminal joint of the tarsi more or

Jess infuscate, the under surface in great part piceous. Head

densely, rather coarsely punctate, grooved down the middle and

also towards the sides, the eyes sinall, rounded, the temples

about equalling them in length ; antennal club 3-jointed,

the terminal joint obliquely truncate at the tip. Prothorax

much longer than broad, strongly explanate at the sides

anteilorly, deeply constricted and transversely grooved before

the base, the caducous membranous margin broad; the

surface roughly punctate, bicostate on the “disc (appearing

deeply sulcate down the middle). Elytra long, oval, some-

what acuminate at the tip, extending well beyond the abdo-

men, the humeri not prominent ; with rows of closely placed

coarse punctures, the interstices narrow, 3 and 5, and also 7

at the base, costate.

Length 13-2 mm.

Hab, FALKLAND Is., Port Stanley (JZ, Cameron).

Numerous examples, found on the flowers of an introduced

Ulex, on Dec. 9th, 1914. This species belongs to the section

Coninomus, Thoms. It is much more depressed than the

somewhat similarly coloured L. bifasciatus, Reitt. (=nigro-

maculatus, Blackb.), from Australia, and has more even,

relatively longer, oval elytra, Reitter and Belon have

described various allied forms from Chile, but the Falkland

insect does not accord with any of them. This Lathridius

may have been introduced into the islands with the plant

upon which it was found. Some of them, like LZ. nodzjer,

Westw. (=antipodum, White), are cosmopolitan. The genus

is not included in Enderlein’s list, 1912

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 175

Tenebrionide.

18. Darwinella amarotdes, Enderlein.

Hab. FAaukuanps (R. Vallentin), Fox Bay.

Enderlein records the capture of seven specimens at Fox

Bay in March 1902. There isan example of it in the Museum.

A monotypic genus.

19. Parahelops quadricollis, C. O. Waterh.

Hab. FaLkuanns (C. Darwin, Col. A. M. Reid, C.J. C.

Pool), Port Stanley (Md. Cameron), Cannila Creek, Port

Darwin, Goose Green, Seal Cove, Port Louis; TizRRA DEL

Furco, Hardy Peninsula (C. Darwin).

There is a long series of this species from the Falklands in

the Museum, and two specimens from the Hardy Peninsula.

Type in B.M. An addition to Enderlein’s Fuegian list.

20. Parahelops haversi, C. O. Waterh.

Hab. FAuKuLanps (Th. Havers), Fox Bay.

Apparently a much rarer insect than P. quadricollis, repre-

sented in the Museum by two specimens only, including the

type.

Pythide.

21. Poophylax falklandica, Champ.

Poophylax falklandica, Champ. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvii.

pp- 311, 812 (April 1916).

Hab. Fauxuanps (H. NV. Sulivan).

Found in numbers (dead), in 1915, in seeds of tussac-grass,

Poa flabellata, sent from the Islands for the purpose of

attempting to introduce the plant into Scotland.

Type in B.M.

Chrysomelide.

22. Luperus marginalis, Allard.

Hab. FALKLANDS.

The type of this Galerucid was received from M. Pipitz of

Graz. The locality seems to require confirmation.

176 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

Curculionide.

23. [Hypera bidentata, sp. n.

Oval, convex, fusco-testaceous ; the prothorax and elytra

variegated with a dense clothing of rounded, whitish, ochra-

ceous, and dark brown adpressed scales—the darker scales on

the elytr: a condensed into an oblique mark on the dise of each

before the middle, the ochraceous scales on the prothorax

(oval on the disc) forming a large dorsal patch, interrupted

by a faint whitis sh median line, and those on the elytra mainly

placed on the dorsum and suture, and almost enclosing a

rather large oblique postmedian whitish patch—intermixed

with erect pallid scattered sete, which are uniseriately

arranged down each of the elytral interstices; the head,

flanks of elytra, and under surface with hair-like pallid scales,

the antennee and legs with bristly hairs; the entire surface

densely, finely punctate. Head flattened between the eyes 5

rostrum very stout, short, straight, not carinate ; antenns

rather short, joints 5-7 of funiculus transverse, ‘the scape

reaching to the posterior margin of the eyes. Prothorax

broader than long, rounded at the sides, a little wider at base

than at apex. Elytra oval, acuminate at tip, flattened on

tlie dise anteriorly, finely punctato-striate, the fifth interstice

with a large conical tubercle at its point of termination.

Metathoracic episterna narrow. Legs long, comparatively

slender.

Length (excl. head) 54, breadth 24 mm.

flab. FALKLANDS, Hast Island (Col. A. M. Reid, Nov.

1908—Feb. 1909).

One specimen, slightly immature, with the vestiture in

perfect condition, ‘This insect is provisionally referred to

Hypera, and may have to be removed frem it when more

Lie is available for examination. ‘The genus Hypera

(Piytonomus) is not included in Kolbe’s Magellanic list, but

one or two forms have been recorded from Argentina and

Chile. The presence of conical tubercles on the elytra and

the rather large scales on the upper surface (which com-

pletely hide the sculpture) are characters foreign to the genus

Hayera. The prothorex is without ocular "lobes, and the

s} ceics cennot therfore be placed under Listrcderes.

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 177

24. Listroderes lemniscatus, Quoy et Gaimard.,

Curculio lemniscatus, Quoy et Gaim. Voyage ‘ Uranie,’ Zool. p. 549,

t. Ixxxii. fig. 4 (1824) 1.

Cylydrorhinus lemniscatus, Guérin, Voyage ‘ Coquille,’ ii. 2, p. 119

(1830) 7; Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 304 °. e

Cylidrorhynus | lemniscatus}, Guérin, Rey. Zool. 1839, p. 374 4.

Hab. FALKLANDS [ Malouines?], Baie de Chiens Marins?

[Sea Dog’s Bay | (Quoy et Gaimard).

This insect, the type of Cylydrorhinus, Guér., must be

very like the one from Port Famine figured by Blanchard

in 1853 under the name C. dineatus, differing from it in the

more rounded sides of the prothorax and the narrowly albo-

lineate elytra. Guérin? gave the correct locality for it in

1839, a fact overlooked by subsequent writers. In the

enlarged Falkland map of the “ Voyage of the ‘ Beagle’”

there is shown a “Sea Dog Island” in W. Falkland, and the

Bay of that name is doubtless not far distant.

25. Listrederes biangulatus, sp. n.

Elongate, broad, robust, shining; nigro-piceous, the tarsi,

tibiee, and antenne sometimes reddish ; above densely clothed

with narrow, sericeous, adpressed, hair-like scales, which are

bronze-brown on the greater part of the surface, the head

and prothorax along the sides, the scutellum, and the suture,

a submarginal stripe, and the inferior margin of the elytra,

and sometimes several scattered spots on the disc of the

latter, with similar whitish or brownish-white seales, the

vestiture of the under surface sparser and paler, the ventral

segments 1-4 with a transverse pallid patch on each side;

the upper surface densely, finely, rugulosely, the under surface

a little more sparsely, punctate. Rostrum very stout, short,

widened outwards, sharply carinate down the middle, and

obliquely sulcate on each side of this in front of the feeble

basal constriction, the scrobes limited above by a prominent

ridge. Antenne with joints 2-7 of the funiculus rapidly

diminishing in length, 5-7 strongly transverse. Prothorax

broad, short, uneven, biangularly explanate at the sides,

constricted at the base. Klytra long, regularly convex,

oval, deeply punctato-striate, the interstices equal in width,

more or less arched, the apices sometimes obsoletely mucro-

nate. Ventral segment 1 excavate in the middle in @.

Length 13-14 (excl. head), breadth 64-7 mm. (2 2.)

178 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

Hab. FALKLANDS (Th. Havers, Col. A. M. Reid, C. J. C.

Pool), Port Stanley (&. Vallentin).

Seven specimens. This is another species resembling the

insect from Port Famine figured by Blanchard under the

name Cylydrorhinus lineatus*, differing from it in the finely

punctate prothorax, with the sides more strongly explanate

and biangulate, the much finer seriate punctures on the

elytra, and the sides, inferior margin, and suture only of the

latter (instead of the alternate interstices) albo-lineate.

C. tessellatus, Guér., from Port Famine and Punta Arenas,

is another allied form, with the margins of the prothorax less

angulate, and the seriate punctures on the elytra coarser and

Jess approximate, than in the present species. ‘The type of

the genus Cylydrorhinus, C. lemniscatus, has the sides of the

prothorax rounded, and the lateral expansion cannot therefore

be used as a character by which to separate it from Listro-

derés, as has been done by Lacordaire. According to a label

attached to the specimen of L. biangulatus received from

Mr. Rupert Vallentin in 1899, this insect is known in the

Falklands as the “ Peat-beetle of the Malvinas.”

26. Listroderes bicaudatus, Enderlein.

Hab. Fauxianps (W. #. Wright, Th. Havers, Rh. Val-

lentin, C. J. C. Pool), Port Stanley (Col. A. M. Red), Port

Darwin, Goose Green (Enderlein).

The fourteen examples of this species before me, including

one received by the Museum in 1842, show considerable

variation in the elytral markings, some of them having a

distinct sutural stripe, and a narrower line down the third

and fifth interstices, in addition to various scattered spots, of

greyish hair-like scales, such specimens nearly agreeing with

the figure of L. (C.) lemniscatus, one only being spotted and

non-lineate as shown in Enderlein’s plate. The prothorax is

almost rounded at the sides in one example, subangulate in

others. he elytra are long, convex, oval, rather coarsely,

conspicuously, punctato-striate, with the interstices 3 and 5

more or less raised and a little narrower than the others ; the

apices are produced into a stouter and blunter tooth in the ¢

than in the @, as is often the case in this genus. The first

ventral segment is excavate down the middle in ¢.

* Renamed C. confuseanus by Berg in 1899.

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 179

27. Listroderes compressiventris, Enderlein.

Hab. Fauxianns (Th. Havers, R. Vallentin), Seal Cove

and Port Louis (Hnderlein), Port Stanley (Col. A. M. Reid,

M. Cameron).

Described from three examples. The thirteen others in

the British Museum are mostly in poor condition, few of

them showing the pallid oblique streak on the sides of the

elytra towards the apex which is indicated in Hnderlein’s

figure. Recognizable amongst its allies by the apically

compressed, subacuminate, convex, elongate elytra, which,

viewed in profile, appear abruptly declivous at the apex, this

being due to the thickening of the suture before the tip. The

male has the first ventral segment deeply excavate down the

middle. There is an indication of a smooth median line on

the prothorax in all the specimens before me, including three

males.

28. Listroderes nordenskiéldt, Enderlein.

Hab. FaLKuANpbs, Port Darwin, Seal Cove, and Port

Stanley (Enderlein), W. Falkland (2. Vallentin).

Described from nine examples, presumably all males..

Two females before me seem to belong to this species, these

having the prothorax and under surface densely, tinely punc-

tate, almost granulate, and the squamosity of the elytra

variegated with irregular rows of whitish spots, the cinereous

hairs on the under surface long and adpressed. ‘The apices

of the elytra are not produced.

29. Listroderes griseonotatus, sp. n.

3. Elongate, moderately convex, dull above, shining

beneath, nigro-piceous, the antenne, tarsi, and tips of the

femora ferruginous; sparsely, finely griseo-pubescent, the

pubescence becoming closer at the sides of the elytra and

clustered into oblong spots on their dise, and also condensed

into a faint sinuous submarginal line on the prothorax ; above

densely, finely, shallowly, beneath very sparsely, punetate.

Rostrum short, stout, a little widened outwards, rugosely,

confluently punctate, with a sharp median carina and an indica-

tion of another one on each side exterior to this. Head foveate

and somewhat depressed between the eyes, the antennal scape

reaching to a little beyond them, the vertex simply punctate.

Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides, widest before the

180 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

middle, narrowed behind. Elytra long, oval, broadly pro-

duced at the tip, the apices each with a small dentiform

projection above the obtuse apical angle; somewhat flattened

on the disc, and uneven towards the sides and tip, with rows

of rather large shallow punctures, the interstices 3 and 5

towards the apex, and 7 for the greater part of its length,

convex or subcostate. Ventral segments 1 and 2 deeply

excavate in the middle.

Length (excl. head) 9, breadth 4 mm.

Hab. FaLtKuanps (W. E. Wright). ~

One specimen, received by the Museum in 1842. Very

like ZL. nordenskidldi, Enderl., and with similarly griseo-

maculate elytra (except that the small spots on the dise are

less numerous and more elongate), differing from that insect in

its more depressed form, the very sparsely punctate shining

under surface, the less densely punctate, smoother prothorax,

and the wholly ferruginous antenne and tarsi. The rudi.

mentary wings are barely 2 mm. in length.

30. Listroderes bracteatus, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS (Th. Havers & R. Vallentin, in Mus.

Brit.; Mus. Owon.), Port Stanley (Hnderlein, Col. A. M.

fteid, M. Cameron).

Described from two examples captured on Feb. 22nd,

1902. There are a dozen specimens of it in the British

Museum and two abraded individuals in the Oxford Museum.

L. bracteatus has the general facies of a large elongate

Flypera. It is thickly clothed above with small yellowish-

brown scales, with scattered, short, bristly hairs intermixed,

these latter being decumbent on the prothorax, and semi-erect

and seriately arranged on the elytra. The prothorax has a

conspicuous line of opalescent or metallic scales down the

centre and an angulate pallid line towards the outer margin.

In two of the specimens before me the small pallid oblique

streak on the third elytral interstice beyond the middle is

extended outwards, forming with the one on the opposite

wing-case a common V-shaped mark, much as in L. falk-

landicus, Ender|., to judge by the figure given by the author.

‘The male has the first ventral segment moderately excavate

in the middle.

31. Listroderes gibber, Eadvriein.

Hab. FALKLANDS (Mus. Lrit.), Port William, Sperrow

Cove (Enderlein).

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 181

Described from a single example (?2) captured on

March 2nd, 1902. A 2, ex coll. Pascoe, with a conspicuous,

dentiform projection at the apex of each elytron, and the

alternate interstices raised, a sharply 5-carinate rostrum,

and the body finely pubescent, dull above and very shining

beneath, seems to be referable to ZL. gibber. Two males in the

Museum, smaller, narrower, and with the apices of the elytra

unarmed, will probably prove to belong to the same species.

32. Listroderes divaricatus, Enderlein.

Hah. FALKLANDS, Seal Cove.

Described from a single example, taken on March 13th,

1902. Not represented in B.M.

33. Listroderes vulsus, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS, Port Darwin, Goose Green.

Described from three examples, taken on March 6th, 1902.

Not represented in B.M.

34. Listroderes falklandicus, Hnderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS, Hooker’s Point, Port William, Seal

Cove, Port Stanley.

Not recognized amongst the material before me. Appa-

rently very like Z. bracteatus, but with hair-like vestiture

instead of rounded scales.

35. Listroderes abditus, Enderlein.

Hab, FALKLANDS, Fox Bay.

Described from four examples, found in March 1902. A

smaller form than any of its allies in the same islands. Not

represented in B.M.

36. Listroderes salebrosus, Enderlein.

? Lastroderes salebrosus, Enderl. Kungl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. xlviii.

no. 3, p. 20, t. ii. fig. 18%.

g . Elongate, rather narrow, opaque above, shining beneath,

varying in colour (according to maturity) from nigro-piceous

to reddish-brown, tlhe elytra sometimes obscurely rufescent

with blackish markings, finely pubescent ; above densely,

finely, rugulosely, the elytra very shallowly, punctate; beneath

182 Mr. G. C. Champion on the

sparsely, finely, the flanks of the prothorax coarsely, punc-

tate. Rostrum short, stout, widened outwards, feebly or

obsoletely 5-carinate. Head foveate in the middle between

the eyes. Antenne with joints 3-7 of the funiculus short,

1 and 2 elongate. Prothorax transverse, rounded or feebly

sinuate or subangulate at the sides, narrowed behind, uneven,

the two depressions on the anterior portion of the dise separated

by araised median line. Elytra elongate, gradually narrowing

from about the middle, and broadly produced at the apex, the

apices conjointly rounded; with series of coarse shallow

punctures placed in shallow strige, the interstices somewhat

convex; each elytron with two oblique ridges on the disc

beyond the middle (extending from the fifth interstice to near

the suture, the anterior one inconspicuous or evanescent, the

subapical one sharply raised and ternmiinating in a prominent

tubercle on the interstices 2 and 5), and a large subtriangular

tubercle before the tip. Ventral segment 1 with a broad,

deep, transversely rugose excavation in the middle. Tibize

strongly sinuate within.

?. Broader ; the elytra more rounded at the sides, with

the subapical tubercles larger and longer, the inner one on

the second oblique ridge produced into a long spiniform process

on each side of the suture, the apices distinctly caudate.

Tibize less sinuate within.

Length (excl. head) 7-10, breadth 3-44, mm. (¢ 2.)

flab. FALKLANDS (Th. Havers, Kh. Vallentin, C. J. C.

Pool), Port Stanley? (Col. A. M. Reid), Hooker’s Point?,

Port Darwin!, Seal Cove}.

Knderlein apparently did not know the ? of this species,

if it has been correctly identified by me. His figure (¢) is

apparently inaccurate, and the insect is here redescribed

from a series of twenty examples—eleven males and nine

females. ‘he sexual difference in the development of the

elytral tubercles is remarkable, these being longer and larger

in ? than in @: a somewhat similar peculiarity has been

observed in the Patagonian genus Sysctophthalmus, Heller

(1906). L. (Elytrogonus) varicosus, Blauch., from Port

Famine, to judge from the figure, may be an allied form *,

37. Leitchertia exseulpticollis, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS (Th. Havers, R. Vallentin), Port Dar-

win (Jinderlein), Port Stanley (Hnderlein, Col. A. M.

Reid).

* The type of EZ. varicosus is stated to have been accidentally destroyed

by the artist employed by Blanchard.

Culeoptera of the Falkland Islands. 183

The seventeen specimens of this insect before me, including

several males, exhibit considerable variation in the elytral

markings: three only (¢¢) have an interrupted sub-

marginal stripe of pallid scales (a character used by

Enderlein in his table of the species) ; others have small

scattered patches of pallid scales along the rows of punctures ;

others, dirtier, have the vestiture uniformly dark brown.

The oblique dilatation of the’ elytral humeri is more pro-

nounced in the ¢ than in the 9. The penis-sheath is broad

and acuminate, and the first ventral segment transversely

hollowed anteriorly, in g. The eight examples received by

the Museum from Mr. Havers in 1873 were captured in

1860. A specimen (2) in the same collection, from that of

Bowring, is labelled ‘‘ Am. bor. Dupont,” obviously in error,

as the insect is precisely like those from the Falklands.

38. Reichertia tnsquamea, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS, Fox Bay.

Described from two specimens found in March 1902.

These seem to be partially abraded females of R. exsculpti-

collis, the sexes of which were not identified by Enderlein.

39. Reichertia scabra, Enderlein. °

Hab. FaLkuanps (Th. Havers, Col. A. M. Reid, C. J. C.

Pool), Port Stanley (Enderlein, M. Cameron), Port Darwin,

Seal Cove (Enderlein).

About a dozen examples before me seem to belong to this

species. They are considerably smaller than R. easculpti-

collis (length 44-64 mm., exclusive of head), and have the

anterior margin of the prothorax a little straighter, and the

oblique humeral dilatation of the elytra less prominent, at

least in @. Clean specimens show numerous small sub-

quadrate patches of pallid scales on the elytra, giving a

mottled appearance to their surface. The tuberculiform

elevations towards the apex tend to become longidudinally

confluent in most of them. Enderlein’s figure is unsatis-

factory, if the insect has been correctly identified by me.

40. Falklandius brachyomma, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS, Port Stanley (Hnderlein, A. Cameron).

Described from two examples captured in 1902. Seven

males and two females were taken by Mr. Cameron at the

| 84 Mr. G. C. Champion on the.

same locality in 1914. The’ male has the first ventral

seament very broadly and deeply excavate down the middle.

Two of the spectes of this genus have the general facies of

Exomias.

Al. Falklandius turbificatus, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS (C. Darwin, Th. Havers). Port William,

Sparrow Cove (Enderlein).

There are five specimens of this species in the Museum,

including four captured by Darwin. ;

42. Falklandius suffodens, Enderlein.

Hab. FALKLANDS, near Hooker’s' Point.

Not represented in the collections before me.

43. Falklandius inequalis, sp. n.

Oblong-obovate, piceous or reddish brown, the antenne

and legs paler; variegated above with a dense clothing of

small brownish and white, imbricate scales—the white scales

condensed in one specimen into a faint submarginal line on

th prothorax and various small patches on the elytra—

int.:mixed with numerous short semierect setee, the under

surface finely pubescent; the entire surface densely, very

finely punctate, the prothorax with rather coarse punctures

intermixed, the seriate punctures on the elytra also coarse.

Rostrum very stout, short, widened outwards, without groove

or carina above. Hyes rather large, transverse, depressed.

Antenneg with joint 1 of funiculus about as long as 2-4

united, 4-7 transverse, the scape reaching the posterior

margin of the eyes. Prothorax about as long as broad,

somewhat produced in the middle anteriorly, feebly rounded

at the sides, distinctly compressed towards the apex, uneven

on the disc, and obsoletely, interruptedly carinate down the

middle. Elytra oblong-oval, much wider than the pro-

thorax, the striz slightly sinuate, the alternate interstices

interruptedly costate, the others somewhat convex. Legs

stout, the tibiee strongly sinuate within, Prosternum broadly

arcuato-emarginate in front.

Length (excl. head) 3, breadth 12-13 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. FALKLANDS, Port Stanley (Col. A. M. Red, M.

Cameron).

Three examples, the one found by Mr. Cameron slightly

Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands. 185

immature and showing the sculpture and variegated vestiture

much better than the two others captured some years pre-

viously by Colonel Reid. This insect has the structural

characters of F’. brachyomma and turbificatus, Enderl., but

it is very different from them in general appearance,

resembling a Cenopsis or Trachyphleus. It is Just

possible that the three specimens before me are referable to

F, suffodens, Kinderl., the type of which was from Hooker’s

Point ; but as the author says nothing about the uneven

subcarinate prothorax, &e., and the Port Stanley insect is

very different from his figure, it must be treated as distinct.

HAYVERSIA, gen. nov.

Rostrum strongly curved, stout, thickened at the base, about

reaching the posterior margin of the anterior coxee, the

scrobes lateral, deep, extending from the middle to the eyes ;

antenne with a 7-jointed funiculus, 2-7 short, the club

acuminate-ovate, with distinct sutures, the scape reaching the

eyes; head rather small, convex ; eyes transverse; prothorax

without ocular lobes, truncate at base; scutellung triangular,

covered by the elytra; elytra elongate, acuminate at tip,

obliquely cut off at base, the humeri obtuse; anterior and

intermediate coxze contiguous; posterior coxe separated by

the long abdominal process ; metasternum short, not so long

as the lateral portions of ventral segment 1, the episterna

narrow ; mesothoracic epimera small, narrow, not ascending ;

ventral segments 1 and 2 equal in length laterally, connate

at middle, 3 and 4 short, together barely as long as 2, the

first suture sinuous, the others straight ; legs short, stout,

the femora much thickened, the tibia subangulate at apex

externally ; tarsi broad, joints 1-3 spongy-pubescent beneath,

1 and 2 transverse, 3 strongly bilobed, the claws small, stout,

free; body elongate, densely clothed with shining scales,

apterous.

Type, H. albolimbata.

The insect taken as the type of this genus has the general

facies of a small Livus. It is probably best placed near the

subaquatic American genus Endalus, Lec., and it may have

similar habits. The elytra are more acuminate and the tarsi

broader than in the Palearctic genus Mecinus. For the

present Haversia must be referred to the “ Krirrhinides.”’

The species may have been introduced in some way into the

Falklands, but this is hardly likely to be the case.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, i. Is

186 Mr. O. Thomas on

44, Haversia albolimbata, sp. n.

Kiongate, convex, narrow, acuminate posteriorly, shining,

black, the antenne and tarsi rufescent ; above densely clothed

with shining, adpressed scales, which are coppery-brown in

colour, except along the sides of the prothorax and elytra,

around the eyes, on a median line on the prothorax, and on

the hidden. scutellu: m, where they are wholly whitish, the

scales on the under euitees smaller, whitish, those on the

upper surface of the femora cupreous ; densely, finely

punctate, above and beneath. Rostrum densely punctate,

substriate, and squamose at the base, bare and almost smooth

thence to the tip. Prothorax a little broader than long,

rounded at the sides, narrowed in front and behind, margined

at the base, Elytra a little wider than the prothorax, parallel

to near the middle, and rapidly narrowed thence to the apex,

margined at the base, feebly punctato-striate, the interstices

flat. Ventral segments 1 and 2 sulcate down the middle.

Length (excl. ‘head) 32, breadth 14 mm. (¢.)

Hab, FALKLANDS (Th. Havers).

‘wo specgnens received by the Museum in 1873, both

injured by pinning, one with the vestiture intact. The

scales on the upper surface are so closely placed as to com-

pletely hide the sculpture, as in various species of somewhat

similarly coloured Tyehius and Sibinia.

Horsell, Dec. 1917.

XITX.—On small Mammals from Salta and Jujuy collected by

Mr. 1). Budin. By Ovpriety THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue British Museum has recently received a collection of

Mammals made in Saltaand Jujuy by Mr. E. Budin, to whom

we were indebted for those from Jujuy described in 1913 *.

This further collection contains so many species of interest

that a list of it seems worthy of publication.

‘The specimens come from two. distinct localities—one,

Manuel Elordi, comparatively lowland (500 m.), on the

western Chaco country of the Upper Vermejo, and the

other, Leon, on the hill- country to the north-west of Jujuy

town, at an ‘altitude of 1500 metres. The animals obtained

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 136 (1918).

small Mammals from Salta and Jujuy. 187

at this latter place, like the previous Jujuy collection, all show

a strong relationship to the species of the middle highlands

of Bolivia, 500 miles further northwards, first made known

through the efforts of Mr. Perry O. Simons.

The most interesting forms in the collection are the little

hare of the Vermejo, Sylvilagus b. gibsoni, the first occurrence

of the Leporide in Argentina, and the new genus Hypsimys,

Akodon-like in general appearance but differing from all

members of the Akodon group by its extreme hypsodontism.

1. Molossus rufus, Geoff.

2. 8. Manuel Elordi, Vermejo, 500 m.

Quite like Paraguayan specimens representing M. cas-

taneus, but whether that is quite the same as the Cayenne

M. rufus I am somewhat doubtful. Several specimens of

the latter obtained by Mr. Cherrie are among the blackest

of the group.

2. Oryzomys sp.

6.4; 2. 2,3,6. Manuel Elordi, Upper Vermejo.

3. Oryzomys sp.

6. 138, 14, 32, 34,45; 2. 9, 10, 27, 28, 41,44. Leon,

Jujuy, 1500 m.

These two species of Oryzomys are both of the difficult

flavescens group ; the Jujuy one is the larger of the two.

4. Phyllotis darwini tucumanus, Thos.

6. 12, 16,238,356; %. 15,17, 18; 195 20, 24, 29; 30,35.

Leon, Jujuy.

5. Graomys lockwoodi, sp. n.

6. 5. Manuel Elordi, Vermejo, Salta, alt. 500° m.

7th August, 1917. B.M. no. 18.1.1.6. Type.

Most nearly resembling the Bolivian G. domorum, with

which it agrees im size (though its feet are longer), general

colour, and the slaty bases to the hairs on the chest and

belly; those of the chin and throat only being white to their

bases. ‘ail sharply bicolor, blackish above, white below,

not so heavily haired as in the type of G. cachinus.

Skull of about the same size as in G. domorum and

cachinus, but its bulle larger than in the former, smaller

than in the latter,

-Incisors turned backwards towards the throat more than

188 Mr. O. Thomas on

usual, the index being only 56°. Graomys is always

opisthodont, but usually has the index about 60°-65°,

so that this species, if the character proves: to be constant,

is the most marked of all in this respect.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 131 mm.; tail 158; hind foot 32 ; ear 25.

Skull: greatest length 35 ; condylo-incisive length 31°7 ;

zygomatic breadth 18; nasals 14-7; breadth of brain-case

15; palatilar length 1:57; palatal foramina 7:3; bulle

6:7 x5°5 ; upper molar series 5°4.

Hab. and Type as above.

In its lonver foot and larger bulle, as compared with

G. domorum, this western Chaco species shows two of the

usual modifications induced by desertconditions. G. cachinus

and chacoensis have still larger bulle, and the latter has a

pure white under surface.

Named in honour of Mr. Charles Lockwood, of Buenos

Ayres, by whose kindness as intermediary all the busimess

arrangements with Messrs. Kemp and Budin have been so

greatly facilitated.

I notice that Mr. Osgood would amalgamate Graomys

with Phyllotis, or at least consider it only as a subgenus.

But the convenience of having a special generic name for so

definite a group appears to me to make its retention advisable.

The characteristic supraorbital ridges, which are never found

in Phyllotis, are clearly marked even in half-grown specimens

of Graomys.

6. Oxymycterus paramensis, Thos.*

od. 31, 42, 46,52. Leon, Jujuy, 1500 m.

These Hocicudos appear to agree with the typical series of

O. paramensis, from the highlands near Cochabamba, in every

detail, and thus afford a striking imstance of the community

of the faunas of the two regions concerned.

7. Akodon lactens, sp. n.

9. 87. Leon, Jujuy, 1500 m. 28rd August, 1917.

BoM. no: 18211537. Pune:

Externally approaching A. varius and simulator, but skull

more as in A, obscurus.

* A misprint in the original description (Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)

ix. p. 139, 1902) may be here corrected :—

In line 8 of description, for “ black, lined” xead “ black-lined.”

‘

small Mammals from Salta and Jujuy. 189

Size about as in varius. General colour above mixed

blackish and buffy, the resulting combination near “ buffy

brown,” the lining rather well marked, the head greyer, the

rump more buffy. Sides and belly distinctly more buffy,

the ends of the hairs on lower sides and below strong

cinnamon-buff ; the chin and interramia prominently

contrasted white. Ears about the colour of the head.

Claws rather long, especially anteriorly, as usual in the

obscurus group, the front claw both in front and behind

4mm. in length, the posterior therefore not exceeding the

anterior.

Skull on the whole very like that of A. obscurus, of the

same stout heavy build, with squared but not ridged inter-

orbital region, and minute interparietal. Palatal foramina

long, reaching to the level of the second lamina of m'.

Incisors even more proodont * than in A. obscurus, their

angle with the tooth-row 95° in the type, specimens of

obscurus ranging from 85° to 92°. Their front surface

im the type unusually light coloured, pale yellow, lightening

to white at the tips. Molars as in A. odscurus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 10] mm. ; tail 67; hind foot 22; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 27-2; condylo-incisive length 27 ;

greatest breadth 15°5; nasals 9; interorbital breadth 5;

breadth of brain-case 12°3; palatilar length 13; palatal

foramina 6°6 ; upper molar series 5.

Hab. and Type as above.

This is a very well marked species, differing widely in

colour from the other members of the A. obscurus group,

to which the characters of its skull seem to ally it. In

external appearance it is not unlike d. varius and simulator,

apart from the prominent buffy colour of its lower surface.

Its contrasted white chin is just as in stmudator.

8. Akodon puer cenosus, subsp. nu.

G22; 2: 21,33. . Leon, Jujuy, 1500 m:

Agreeing with true 4. pwer in general characters and in the

remarkably small size of the teeth, but the colour is darker

and duller, less suffused with buffy ortawny. Dorsal surface

dark olivaceous, near ‘‘ brownish olive”’; sides but little

more buffy. Under surface not sharply defined, terminal

half of hairs dull “ pinkish buff.”’

* Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. p. 85 (footnote) (Jan, 1918).

190 Mr. O. Thomas on

Skull apparently quite as in puer.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 82 mm.; tail 72; hind foot 20; ear 16.

Skull: tip of nasals to back of interparietal 18 ; zygomatic

breadth 11:3 ; nasals 9; interorbital breadth 4°6; palatilar

length 10°2; palatal foramina 6 ; upper molar series 3°6 ;

breadth of m* 1:0.

Hab, as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 18.1. 1.38. Original

number 22. Collected 21st August, 1917.

This Akodon seems alone related to A. puer, the remarkably

small size of the molars separating the two from any other

species known to me. In colour, as usual, the Jujuy form

is darker and less bright than that of the dry Bolivian

highlands.

9. Hypsimys budini, gen. et sp. nn.

3. 38, 89, 40, 47,48; 9.438. Leon, Jujuy, 1500 m.

Hypsimys, gen. n.

External characters quite as in Akodon, but claws longer,

the anterior as long as or longer than the posterior.

Skull in general form rather narrower than in Akodon,

but not of the excessive narrowness found in Deltamys.

Muzzle narrow. Supraorbital edges rounded; slightly

squared posteriorly, but not ridged. Brain-case smooth,

without ridges. Interparietal present, but small. Zygo-

matic plate slanted in front, but not so narrowed as in

Oxymycterus and Microvus. Palatal foramina long. Bulle

not specially enlarged.

Teeth—Incisors slender, narrow, flat in front, fairly

orthodont in set, the index about 82°. Molars quite unique

in this group, highly hypsodont, almost as much so as in

Chinchillula, though of so different a type to that as to make

comparison difficult. They are just what Akodon teeth might

be expected to become if made very hypsodont, high, narrow,

with the vertical grooves extending far down towards the

roots, of simple sectional pattern, that of m? pandurate*,

that of m' similar but with three lobes, the front one circular,

and that of m3 subtriangular. The roots are long and pecu-

liarly flattened laterally, and in consequence the alveolar

* Ridgway, ‘Nomenclature of Colours,’ Ist edition, 1886, pl. xiv.

fie. 18,

small Mammals from Salta and Jujuy. 191

holes are deep narrow slits instead of being round. M! has

one long anterior root, one long internal one, and a postero-

external more cylindrical; the usual median external one

practically obsolete. MM? with three roots, m* with two.

Pattern of unworn teeth not-yet known.

Genotype. Hypsimys budini, sp. n.

This genus, while closely resembling Akodon in external

characters, is readily distinguishable by its strongly deve-

loped hypsodontism, both roots and crowns of the tecth

being highly modified. It is clearly a specially hypsodont

Akodon, and has no near relationship to other hy psodont

genera, such as Chinchillula or Andinomys, which belong to

different groups of the subfamily. Its discovery is a most

interesting addition to our knowledge of South American

Muridz, no very hypsodont member of this group having

been hitherto known, although a slight hypsodontism is

present in many of them.

The following is a description of the ty pe-species :—

Size and general appearance very much as in Akodon

fumeus, Thos., of Bolivia, to which the resemblance is so

close that the two were supposed to be the same until the

skull was examined. General colour above dark olivaceous,

becoming warmer and browner on the rump. Under surface

dark greyish, washed with whitish or buffy. A distinct

white spot on the chin. Ears rather darker than head.

Hands and feet greyish, the hairs at bases of claws white ;

claws comparatively long, the fourth anterior about 3 mm.

in length, the posterior 2:8. Tail about as long as the

body without the head, well-haired, distinctly bicolor,

blackish above, whitish below.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 89 mm. ; tail 68; hind foot 21 sear 17.

(An older specimen measures: head and body 115 mm.;

tail 76 ; hind foot 23.)

Skull (of type): greatest length 27:5; condylo-incisive

length 25°4; zygomatic breadth 14; nasals 1G initer-

orbital breadth 4°2; breadth of brain-case 12-2; palatilar

length 24; palatal foramina 68 ; upper molar series,

crowns 4°3, alveoli 4°9.

Hab, as above.

Type. Young adult male. B.M.no. 18. 1.1.44. Original

number 47, Collected 29th August, 1917.

This interesting mouse is so exactly like one of the

ordinary Akodons that no one would suspect its real

peculiarities until the skull was examined, Indeed, it is so

192 On small Mammals from Salta and Jujuy.

like the Bolivian A. fumeus that I at first supposed it to

be referable to that species, from which it is scarcely to be

distinguished externally except by its long fore-claws.

Mr. Budin notes on one specimen, “caught at foot of

pine tree—among the roots.”

10. Dasyprocta variegata belivie, Thos.

9. 7 (young). Manuel Hlordi.

Recently described from Yacuiba.

1]. Sylvilagus brasiliensis gibsoni, subsp. n.

3.1. Manuel Elordi, Vermejo, Salta, 500m. 25th July,

1917.) BoM. nos18.1.128. > Pyne.

Essentially similar to S. 6. parayuensis, but the mottling

of the upper surface slightly less strong and the general

colour a little greyer. Crown with large greyish confluent

patches at the anterior bases of the ears, only a very small

greyish spot indicating their position in the allied form.

Under surface whiter, the white of the chest extending up

the chest above the level of the fore-limbs, and much

reducing the greyish-buff collar, which is little more than

an inch in antero-posterior diameter, as compared with

three or four inches in paraguensis.

Skull about as in paraguensis. Postorbital processes not

touching terminally the bone of the frontal behind. Occi-

pital shelf with its posterior angles not developed, so that it

is nearly semicircular in shape, while it is practically square

in paraguensis ; but only one specimen of sal/@ is available

for comparison with three examples of paraguensis.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 310 mm. ; tail 10; hind foot 71; ear 55.

Skull: greatest length 62°5 ; condylo-incisive length 56 ;

zygomatic breadth 31°5 ; upper tooth-series (alveoli) 12.

Hab. and Type as above.

The reduction of the dark collar and the presence of

the grey patches at the bases of the ears clearly indicate

a subspecific difference in this Sylvilagus of the Upper

Vermejo, as compared with the form found in Paraguay.

This hare, the first and only known member of the

group occurring naturally in Argentina, I have named

after Mr. Ernest Gibson, to whom our Mammal Survey

of the Argentine has been so immensely indebted for the

help he has given in the collecting-trips of Messrs. Grant,

Kemp, and Budin.

On the Generic Division of the Hedgehogs. 193

12. Marmosa elegans cinderella, Thos.

6. 11, 23, 49, 51;. 9.,505 Leon, Jujuy.

Type-locality. Tucuman.

Mr. Budin notes that this little opossum is the culprit

when rats and mice captured in the traps are found partly

eaten. But it is certainly not always so, as I found in

La Plata that the common Akodon arenicola freely eat their

comrades in like case.

XX.— The Generic Division of the Hedyehogs.

By OLpFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the most recent paper on hedgehogs, that by Satunin *,

these animals are divided into three genera—Lvrinaceus, Hemi-

echinus, and Macroechinus,—tlie divisions being based on

certain characters of the pterygoids and bulle first pointed

out and used by Dr. John Anderson.

But Satunin’s paper, based as it is on Asiatic material

only, and drawn up without access to the full literature of the

subject, proves to need some modifications and corrections as

to nomenclature, and the following notes may be of use to

persons wishing to anderstand the grouping ot these animals.

As material increases and has to be classified, labelled, and

arranged in Museum collections, this close splitting of the

genera proves to be of great assistance in carrying out the

work with accuracy and convenience, and on this account I

follow Satunin in using the groups as full genera.

Synopsis of genera :—

A. Pterygoids and bulle normal f.

a, Spines on crown divided into two groups by a

median parting. Postglenoid processes small,

not hollowed out, much surpassed by the mas-

toid processes.

a’. Hallux present.

a’, Coronal parting narrow, inconspicuous.

* Ann. Mus. St. Petersb. xi. p. 1 (1907).

+ Asin Anderson, P. ZS. 1895, p. 416, fig. 1, and J. A. S. B. xlvii.

pl. iv

194 Mr. O. Thomas on the

Posterior palatal shelf narrow, Third in-

cisor normally one-rooted ..........008- 1. Evinaceus.

8, Coronal parting broad, conspicuous. Poste-

rior palatal shelf broad. Third incisor

two-rooted ....... Bo55 ds weecceeeveeso” 2. asthechinus,

BA eollnx absent. <i, ie... hie oi fale elunele cseliede ols eaehn 3. Atelerix.

b. No median parting on crown. Postglenoids as

large as mastoids, hollowed internally * ...... 4, Hemiechinus.

B. Pterygoids inflated, their cavity communicating

with that of the bulle; parapterygoid fossze

shallow t. Postglenoids even larger and more

hollowed out than in Hemiechinus. & parting on

HOWL era claisre/ ees «ce. e 14 ia elle i EIT eferefann ik ahsioeetde 5, Paraechinus.

1. ERINACEUS.

Erinaceus, Linn, Syst. Nat. (10) i. p. 52 (1758).

Range. Palearctic Region, from Spain to China.

Genotype. LH. ewropeus, Linn.

Other species and subspecies :—

ttalicus, B.-Ham.

concolor, Mart. kreyenbergi, Matsch.

console’, B.-Ham. nestotes, Bate.

dealbatus, Swinh. | roumanicus, B.-Ham.

chinensis, Sat.

hanensis, Matsch. tachifuensis, Matsch.

hispanicus, B.-Ham. ussurvensis, Sat.

2. ADSTHECHINUS, gen. nov.

Range. Africa from Algeria to the Cape; also just pene-

trating into Southern Europe (Spain and Balearic Islands).

Genotype. 4. algirus (Hrinaceus algirus, Duv. & Lereb.).

Other species and subspecies :—

frontalis, Smith. vagans, Thos.

sclatert, And.

Besides the characters mentioned in the synopsis above,

this new genus differs from Hrinaceus in the structure of the

sole-pads and other details, which have been described by

various authors when distinguishing algirus from europwus—

notably by Miller, in his ‘Mammals of Western Europe,’

1912. It is evidently a natural group, as the distribution

shows, and clearly deserves a special name.

* Asin J. A.S. B. xlvii. pl. iv.

+ As in P, Z. S. 1895, p. 416, fig. 2, and J. A. 8. B, xlvii. pl. iii.

Generic Division of the Hedgehogs. 195

3. ATELERIX.

Atelerix, Pomel, Arch. Sci. Nat. Geneva, ix. p. 251 (1848).

Peroechinus, Fitz. SB. Wiss. Wien, liv. 1, p. 6 Aes (1866) (type, 2. pru-

nert, Wagn.).

Range. Northern Africa—Senegal to Egypt, southwards

to British East Africa.

Genotype (now definitely designated). A. albiventris (Eri-

naceus a/biventris, Wagn.).

Other species :—

adansont, Rochebr. spiculus, Thos.

hinder, Thos.

4, TIEMIECHINUS.

Hemiechinus, Fitz, SB, Wiss. Wien, liv. 1, p. 565 (1866).

pss Southern and Eastern Palearctic Region, extending

southwards into Egypt and Northern India.

Genotype (now selected and designated). JH. platyotis

(Lrinaceus platyotis, Sund.).

Other species and subspecies :—

alaschanicus, Sat. megalotis, Bly.

albulus, Stol. minor, Sat.

auritus, Gm. miodon, Thos.

brachyotis, Sat. persicus, Sat.

calligont, Sat. przewalskit, Sat.

collaris, Gray. russowt, Sat.

dauricus, Sund. (?). turanicus, Sat.

gray?t, Benn, turfunicus, Matsch.

Satunin and other authors have evidently supposed that

auritus was the genotype of Hemiechinus, but that name

is not included in Fitzinger’s original paper, quoted above,

where the first two species are both members of what is here

called Paraechinus. But by my now formally selecting

platyotis, Sund. (which is synonymized by Anderson with

auritus), from Fitzinger’s list as the genotype, the generic

name may be retained for the group so termed by Satunin,

5, PARAECHINUS.

Paraechinus, Trouess. Rey. Mag. Zool. 1879, p. 242.

Range. From South-eastern Kurope and Egypt to India.

196 Mr. W. L. Distant on the

Genotype. P. micropus, Bly. (syn. pictus, Stol.).

Other species and subspecies :—

ethiopicus, Sund, hypomelas, Brandt.

blanfordi, And. (syn. jerdont, macracanthus, Blant.

And.). niger, Blant.

deserti, Loche. nudiventris, Horsf.

dorsalis, And. & de Wint. pallidus, Fitz.

XXI.— The Homoptera of Indo-China.

By W. L. Distant.

Fam. Cicadide.

I have previously (ante, (8) xix. p. 100 and xx. p. 319)

enumerated 72 species of this family from Indo-China;

the three following species here described bring the number

now to 75 species :—

Salvazana imperialis, sp. un.

?. Body above black ; central anterior margin and poste-

rior and lateral margins of pronotum and a large triangulate

fascia to mesonotum virescent, the latter containing two

small rounded basal black spots ; anterior margin of vertex

of head, a central discal spot to pronotum, and the cruciform

basal elevation ochraceous, the last with the produced angles

and an anterior marginal spot black; abdomen above

purplish black; body beneath and legs purplish black ;

lateral margins of face, lateral segmental spots to abdomen,

longitudinal fascive to intermediate and posterior femora

and tibiz more or less ochraceous ; tegmina subhyaline, the

costal membrane purplish red, about basal third green,

opaque, margined with fuscous brown, the bases of the four

upper apical areas, the apices of all the longitudina! veins

to apical areas and the apical margin fuscous brown ; wings

with about basal halves sanguineous, remaining area hyaline

with its margins fuscous brown, the outer margin being

inwardly strongly notched.

Face strongly transversely striate and centrally longi-

tudinally sulcate ; femora robust ; anterior tibize strongly

sulcate on apical halves.

Length, excl. tegm., 9, 35; exp. tegm. 117 mm,

Hab. Laos; Luang Prabang (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

flomoptera of Indo-China. 197

VAGITANUS, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) wider than base of mesonotum,

about as long as breadth between eyes and as long as pro-

notum ; pronotum much shorter than mesonotum, its lateral

margins more or less oblique, straight, its posterior lateral

angles a little ampliated; mesonotum convex ; abdomen

in male almost as long as space between apex of head and

base of cruciform elevation; tympanal coverings both nar-

rower and shorter than tympanal orifices ; opercula in male

moderately short and oblique, not extending beyond the

base of abdomen; anterior femora spined beneath ; tegmina

aud wings hyaline, the first with its greatest breadth more

than a third of its length, apical areas eight ; wings with

six apical areas.

Allied to Cicadatra, but differing by the relative breadths

of the head including eyes and the base of mesonotum, &c.

Vagitanus vientianensis, sp. n.

3. Head above ochraceous, ocelli margined with black ;

head beneath and face virescent ; eyes brownish, spotted

or mottled with black ; pronotum castaneous, the central

anterior margin and the broad posterior margin virescent ;

mesonotum brownish ochraceous with four obconical black

spots, the two central spots smallest, the two lateral spots

longest and almost crossing the mesonotum, a small rounded

black spot before each anterior angle of the basal cruciform

elevation, which is virescent with the anterior angles black ;

abdomen above and beneath ochraceous, above centrally

piceous on basal half, beneath with a central black spot

near base; sternum, opercula, and legs virescent ; tegmina

hyaline, venation on basal area castaneous, other veins

black, costal membrane virescent, postcostal membrane

brownish ochraceous ; apical margin—from apex to com-

mencement of seventh apical area—broadly fuscous ; wings

hyaline, venation either fuscous or virescent; opercula

in ¢ obliquely directed inwardly, not meeting centrally,

their apices rounded and not passing base of abdomen.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 17; exp. tegm. 49 mm.

Hab. Laos; Vientiane (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Vagitanus luangensis, sp. n.

?. Body above dark brownish ochraceous ; front of head

with the anterior and frontal margin black ; pronotum paler

198 Mr. W. L. Distant on the

and more virescent, with a large castaneous spot more or

less margined with black on each lateral area and two small

central curved spots near base; mesonotum with two

anterior central obconical spots, and an outer elongate spot

on each side, nearly crossing the mesonotal area, black ;

body beneath and legs greenish ochraceous, apices of tibie

and the whole of the tarsi more or less black ; tegmina and

wings hyaline, tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous,

remaining venation black or blackish; tegmina with the

apical margin from apex to commencement of eighth apical

area broadly fuscous ; face centrally longitudinally cari-

nate; abdomen beneath with an obscure, central, macular,

blackish fascia.

Long., excl. tegm., 2,17; exp. tegm. 47 mm.

Hab. Laos; Luang Prabang (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Fam. Fulgoride.

In this family I am now enabled to record a list of

37 species received from Mons. R. Vitalis de Salvaza, but

this computation without doubt will be very largely increased

when the smaller species are collected :—

Pyrops dohrni, Stal. Thessitus insignis, Westw.

chinensis, Dist. Purusha pulverosa, Dist.

Fulgora candelaria, Linn. Ancyra appendiculata, White. .

nigrirostris, Walk. histrionica, Stal.

— viridirostris, Westw. Dictyophara pallida, Don.

— astarte, Dist. ; Dictyopharina consanguinea, Dist.

—— vitalisia, Dist. Neoputala capitata, Dist.

— atroalba, Dist. Zoraida vuilleti, Dist.

clavata, Westw. Pochazia fuscata, Fabr.

Saiva gemmata, Westw. Ricania speculum, Walk.

Penthicodes variegata, Guér. ——- apicalis, Walk.

— pulchella, Guér. Jumosa, Walk.

caja, Walk. Cerynia marta, White.

Kalidasa nigromaculata, Gray. var. tenella, Walk.

paulinia, Sign, Salurnis marginellus, Guér,

Lycorma delicatula, White. Pulastya abbreviata, Dist.

Euphria consimilis, Dist. discolorata, Dist.

Polydictya basalis, Guér. Lawana conspersa, Walk.

tricolor, Westw. optata, Melich.

Subfam. Fureorimvz.

Fulgora vitalisia, sp. n.

Head (including cephalic process) pale testaceous, the

upper surface of cephalic process black, with a few scattered

Homoptera of Indo-China. US

greyish-white spots; an ochraceous spot before eyes and

the eyes anteriorly margined with black ; pronotum ochra-

ceous, the anterior area brownish ochraceous; mesonotum

pale testaceous, six black spots on anterior margin and a

larger black spot near middle of each lateral margin,

extreme lateral margins and the apex ochraceous ; body

above ochraceous, the metanotal area and the upper abdo-

minal surface more or less greyishly tomentose, basal margin,

lateral margins, a curved fascia at the union of the last two

segments and the abdominal apex more or less black ;

ab {omen beneath and legs more or less piceous, posterior

femora alittle paler, abdominal lateral margins sanguineous ;

tegmina pale virescent with numerous brownish-ochraceous

spots margined with pale ochraceous, three near base, a

double Huaneuense series near middle Ae four spots each, ihe

inner series waved, and about twelve spots on apical third,

some of which are duplex ; the apical area is also somewhat

greyish ; wings pale greenish-grey, the apical areas broadly

black ; cephalic process considerably upwardly recurved,

becoming more laterally compressed from basal area to apex,

measured from apex to eyes longer than from anterior

margin of pronotum to abdominal apex.

Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes, 29; eyes

to apex abdom. 25; exp. tegm. 95 mm.

Hab. Indo-China; Tonkin; Hagoang (R. Vitalis de

Salvaza).

Allied to F. connectens, Atkins., and F. astarte, Dist.

Fulgora atroalba, sp. n.

Head (including cephalic process) bright ochraceous, its

apex strongly globose; pronotum and mesonotum bright

ochraceous ; abdomen above pale dull ochraceous, thick]

greyishly tomentose ; body beneath ochraceous, legs black,

abdomen beneath black, with the posterior sezmental margins

ochraceous ; tegmina very pale ochraceous- white, a short

transverse fascia at base, two transverse spots before middle,

which are sometimes slenderly connected, and a costal spot

near middle, black, apical area black with numerous ochra-

ceous spots, of which the two largest are on costal and inner

margins, these are preceded by about six smaller spots and

three near apical margin, the remaining spots minute :

wings dull creamy white, ‘the apical area broadly black ;

cephalic process measured from angle of apex to eyes sub-

equal in length to that of abdomen.

200 On the Homoptera of Indo-China.

Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes, 14; eyes

to apex abdom. 24; exp. tegm. 70 mm.

Hab. Indo-China ; Xiene Klouang (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

By the globose apex of the cephalic process allied to

F, clavata, Westw.

Subfam. EHvryrpracHyDINa”.

Purusha pulverosa, sp. 0.

Head, pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath, and legs very

dark castaneous, more or less greyishly tomentose, tibiz

and tarsi black; tegmina black, more or less greyishly

tomentose, the apical margin broadly pale brownish; wings

greyishly tomentose, the apical area pale brownish-ochra-

ceous speckled with small greyishly tomentose spots ; vertex

of head broad, more than twice broader than long, the apical

margin transverse; eyes distinctly spined; face with the

lateral margins obliquely directed outwardly to about middle

and then more acutely directed obliquely inwardly to base

of clypeus ; pronotum with a distinct central ridge ; femora

moderately flattened and dilated ; anterior and intermediate

tibiz outwardly laminately dilated, the former more strongly

so; posterior tibiz with five spines.

Length, excl. tegm., 16; exp. tegm. 64 mm.

Hab. Indo-China ; Tonkin (A. Vitalis de Salvaza).

This species may also be characterised by the long and

somewhat attenuated tegmina and wings.

Subfam. Frarmvz.

Pulastya discolorata, sp. n.

Body above virescent ; beneath ochraceous, the face and

legs virescent, tegmina virescent with pale ochraceous

suffusions ; ; wings pale greyish, the veins a little darker and

in some places “the veins are very pale virescent; head

obtusely roundly angulate, about as long as breadth at eyes ;

face scarcely longer than broad, its lateral margins distinctly

recurved ; tegmina with the costal membrane distinctly ~

narrower there the radial area, the latter with distinct oblique

transverse veins which are reticulately connected; about as

broad as wings, apically ampliate, apical margin truncate,

its posterior angle angularly produced posteriorly.

Length, excl. tegm., 11 to 13; exp. tegm. 37 to 42 mm.

Hab. Indo-China; Hanoi (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

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XXUW.—Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—lX.*

. By Ricnarp 8. BaGnatt, F.L.S.

Suborder TEREBRANTIA.

Family Ceratothripida.

Genus CERATOTHRIPOIDES, nov.

Like Ceratothrips, but with a 2-jointed antennal style, the

basal segment being stout.

Head transverse; maxillary palpi 3-jomted. Antennz

7-jointed, about twice as long as the head, with the third

segment very small and without trichome ; style 2-jointed,

with the basal segment stouter than the apical; forked

trichome on segment 4.

Prothorax transverse, longer than the head, with two pairs

of stout sete at each posterior angle. Fore-wing with only

a few sete on distal half of upper vein.

Type. Oeratothripoides brunneus, mihi.

Ceratothripoides brunneus, sp. n.

Length about 1-1 mm.

Colour brown, including upper wings; antenne with

joint 3 and extreme bases of 4 and 5 light; fore-tibia and

* Continued from Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xvii. p. 412.

Ann. & Mag. N. fist. Ser. 9. Vol. 1. 14

202 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera,

all tarsi yellowish. Excepting for antennee, curiously like

Physothrips marshall’, Bagn.

Head transverse, about 1°5 times as broad as long ; eyes

coarsely facetted, sparingly pilose; ocelli large, set well

back; anterior one on or above a line drawn across centre

of eyes; interocellar setee present, strong ; dorsal surface of

head weakly striate at base and between eyes above the

ocelli. Mouth-cone rather sharp, almost reaching across

prosternum ; maxillary palpi long, 3-jointed, the joints

being approximately subequal in length. Antenne about

twice as long as the head ; segment 3 small, pedicellate ; 4

egg-shaped, about as broad as 2; 5 cylindrical; 6 broadly

united to 5, sides of basal half subparallel, thence converging

‘

Hips,

Ceratothripoides brunneus, sp.n., 2. Right antenne, x c. 200 diam.

to base of 7. Bifureate sense-trichome on 4 and a single or

simple trichome on 5 at outer side. Relative lengths of

antennal segments as follows:—11 : 15: 11 (with pedicel) :

13 2°22 270 5:0,

Prothorax slightly longer than the head, about 1:5 times

as broad as long; hind angles broadly rounded, each furnished

with two strong sete, the inner longer than the outer and

about 0°6 the length of the pronotum. Surface weakly

striate transversely ; sparsely spinose ; spine on each side of

median line of posterior margin about 0°3 the length of the

inner postero-angular seta.

Pterothorax slightly longer than broad. Legs normal.

Fore-wings about 15 times as long as broad near middle ;

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 203

costa with 22-23 sete; upper vein with 3+4 basally, a long

space, and then 14-1 at extreme apex ; lower vein with 17

sete; all setze smallish, cilia somewhat sparse.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, narrowing from segment 7 to

apex ; posterior margin of tergite 8 with a moderately long

comb of minute setee. Outer pair of postero- marginal sete of

segment 9 longer than the inner pair and 1°7 times the length

of the tergite ; inner pair on 19 higher up and longer than

outer, just upon twice the length of the segment ; a widely

spaced pair of dorsal bristles, moderately long, on tergite 9.

Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial Bureau

of Entomology).

Hab. Goup Coast, Aburi; 1 2 with Eurhynchothrips

‘ convergens, Nov. 5, 1915, on Cola-shoots and flowers CWE:

Patterson). Reg. 269, LB.E. 103.

Family Thripide.

Odontothrips bispinosus, sp. 0.

?.—This form, eu represented by a solitary

example, closely approaches QO. australis, and a separate

description is undesirable. It is lighter in colour, but the

Fig.

Odontothrips bispinosus, sp.u., 2. Dorsal view of end of abdomen,

showing spines on segment 9; bristles and setz omitted, x ec. 200 aan

unique example is probably somewhat teneral. The pro-

notum is practically flat, with longer and more slender ce

at posterior angles. The pterothorax and abdomen are

broader, and the latte ‘Y, 1gnoring segments 8-10, is distinctly

ovate. ‘The comb of posterior margin of tergite 8 is practi-

cally lost, only 2 or 3 very minute micro-sete showing at

extreme ends, whilst the posterior angles of segment 9 are

i4*

204 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

each ornamented by a strong straight spine, which, with the

basal part, is about 0°7 the length of the segment bearing

them. The apical abdominal bristles are shorter and more

slender, especially the dorso-median pair on segment 10,

which are more slender than the others, and shorter than the

corresponding pair on tergite 9, whereas in australis this

particular pair of bristles are the longest of all the apical

bristles,

The comparative lengths of the abdominal bristles of the

two species are approximately as follows :—

bispinosus. australis.

Postero-marginal dorso-median pair, 9.... 100 102

” pe elites sede 125

Pair at posterior angles DO, py (90 100

9 ” s LOR Eon ao) 100

The stout spines of the abdominal segment 9 are a distinc-

tive feature—in fact, they may be reoarded as unique in

known Terebrantian Thysanoptera.

Type. In Goll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. W. Austrautia, Perth; 1 2? with O. australis, sp. n.

(EZ. B. Poulton).

Odontothrips australis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 1:3 mm.

Colour dark chestnut-brown, fore-tibice lighter and all tarsi

yellowish-brown ; fore-wings brown, with basal fifth or

thereabouts clear, though slightly tinged with light greyish-

brown towards anterior margin. Antennal segment 3 light

yellowish-brown, and a ring near base of 4 and 5 greyish to

practically colourless.

Head approximately 1:22 times as broad as long. Cheeks

slightly swollen behind eyes and thence practical parallel,

posteriorly transversely striate; eyes large and coarsely

facetted, occupying approximately O°7 the total length of

head ; ocelll placed well back, posterior pair upon a line

drawn just above the posterior margins of eyes ; interocellar

bristles short, placed - immediately ‘above the posterior ocelli.

Antenne twice as long as the head, sense-cone on inner

surface of segment 6 (peculiar to the genus) normal. Rela-

tive lengths ‘of segments 3 to 8 approximately as follows :—

54:54: 36:52:7: 11, Pronotum apparently suborbicular,

a little longer than the head and about 1°45 times as broad

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 205

as long; bristles at posterior angles about one-half as long as

the pronotum. Anterior femora very broad viewed laterally,

with the posterior margin strongly arched ; fore-tibial teeth

prominent, much as in Odontothrips ulicis. Fore-wings

moderately slender, pointed at tip, 17 to 18 times as long as

wide at middle; sete on costa, upper and lower vein, 26-30,

23-26, and 20-23 respectively, short and slender, but those

on costa and lower vein increasing in size towards the tip of

wing, where they are more than usually long, being appre-

ciably longer than the breadth of the wing.

Abdomen much as in Q. ulicis, but apical bristles compara-

tively shorter and the comb (obsolete medianly in both

species) short and sparse.

$.—The male is much smaller than the female and has

tergite 9 postero-medianly produced into two long “ arms,”

as long as or overlapping segment 10.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. W.. Avstrauia, Perth, Mundaring Weir, Darling

Range; several examples of both sexes on flowers of a few

prickly herbs with Papilionaceous: red flowers, close togetlier,

August 3rd, 1914 (EZ, B. Poulton). Reg. no. 33.

The species may be distinguished from 0. ulicis, Hal., by

its smaller size, the very small interocellar bristles, shorter

pronotal and abdominal bristles, ete. The structure of

tergite 9 in the ¢ is distinctive.

Aptinothrips ruficornis, var. connaticornis, Uzel.

A common species in Burope and North America.

Hab. Invia, Lebong, Darjeeling, Feb. 1909 : 1 @ in tea-

flowers with Physothrips lefroyi, Bagn. (Maawell Lefroy).

Pseudothrips achaetus, Bagn.

3 .—I have now secured a good example of this sex, and

find that the sternites 3 to 7 havea somewhat strongly trans-

verse area on each, that on 3 being the smallest and 7 the

largest. The specialized sete on tergite 8 consist of but one

pair somewhat close together, of normal form, slender, and

about twice as long as the space between them,

206 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Additional Records. W. AUSTRALIA, 1 ¢, Coltsloe Beach,

near Fremantle, Aug. 31, 1914, and New South Wales,

several ? 9, Blue Mountains (Jenslan Caves to Mt. Victoria),

in flowers of Helichrysum sp.(E. B. Poulton). Reg. 40 and

37 respectively.

Physothrips brunneicornis, Bagn.

Originally described from Japan,

Hab. InpIA, 1 2, teneral, Ringtong, T.E., Darjiling Dist.,

on rose, 14, vi. 1916 (H. A. Andrews). Reg. 287, 1.B.E. 121.

Physothrips brevicornts; Bagn.

3 .—Much smaller than the 9, with a large, broad, ellip-

tical area on each of the sternites 8 to 7. Two pairs of

specialized sete on tergite 9 of normal form, the inner pair

situated more posteriorly, long, being about twice the length

of the outer pair.

Additional Records. AUSTRALIA, Melbourne, 1 ? and1

in dandelion-flower, 1914 (/, Spry), Reg. 121; and Heales-

ville, Victoria, both sexes in numbers on S/elianthus sp.,

February 1914 (R. Kelly), Reg. 89,

Physothrips peculiaris, sp. n.

¢ .—Length approximately 1:2 mm.

Colour light lemon-yellow, thorax and first two antennal

seements of a little deeper shade, and head and last two

abdominal segments of a brownish golden-yellow, Fore-

wings clear excepting for a faint and ill-defined bar occupying

the median third or thereabouts, and a short similar bar at

extreme tip. Cilia and sete faintly fuscous. Note: the

specimens before me had been preserved in spirits for ten or

so years before being mounted,

Head slightly broader across eyes (where it is broadest)

than long, and not as longas the prothorax. Eyes prominent,

coarsely facetted, occupying about 0°6 the length of head ;

ocelli large, interocellar setae somewhat close together,

Cheeks somewhat swollen immediately behind eyes, then

slightly emarginate, widening again near base. Antenne

about three times as long as the head; basal joints approxi-

mate, distinctly stouter than any of the succeeding, which

are more than usually slender, 3 and 4 constricted both

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 207

distally and basally, the former with pedicel. Relative

lengths of segments approximately as follows :—29:40:78:

76:47:64:15:19. Pronotum with sides rounded, not

strongly transverse (about 1:3 times as broad as long) ;

bristles at anterior angles somewhat prominent, about 0°2 the

length of the pronotum; those at posterior angles only

moderately long and strong, the inner pair longer than the

outer and about 0°4 the length of the pronotum. Fore-legs

more than usually long, rather stout. Wings long, moder-

ately slender; the fore pair with sete as follows: costa 23-

26; upper vein 4 (3)+7-10, running into the distal half,

with 2 (3) in distal fifth ; lower vein with 14-16. Abdomen

long and slender. Tergite 9 with a series of two pairs of

minute setz, the outer pair being on a higher plane and a

little longer than the inner; the bristle at posterior angles

rather long, somewhat variable, strong, with a shorter stronger

spine at each angle immediately within.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. InptA, Pusa, Bengal, numerous ¢ ¢ on lucerne,

Feb. 1906 (A. Maxwell Lefroy).

This striking species, on discovery of the ¢, may have to

be removed from the genus Physothrips.

Suborder T'UBULIFERA.

Family Phleothripide.

Haplothrips group.

a. Wings clouded.

Haplothrips fuliginosus (Schille).

Cryptothrips (sic) fuliginosa, Schille, 1910, Acad. Litt. Cracov. xly.

eantbietos obscuripennis, Bagnall, 1913, Ent. Month. Mag. ser. 2,

Xxly. p. 264,

I have fortunately had the opportunity of examining

co-types of Schille’s Cryptothrips fuliginosus, and find that it

cannot be referred to the genus Cryptothrips or any allied

genus—that, in fact, it is a typical Haplothrips, and identical

with the species I described under the name of obscuripennis.

Hood’s fH. nubilipennis comes very near to this species ;

it was described from a single example, and the colour of the

208 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

intermediate antennal segments is not well-defined as in

Suliginosus.

Distribution. Europe (Galicia and England).

Haplothrips victoriensis, sp. n.

? —Length 1:7 to 1:9 mm.

Colour deep black-brown, fore-tibize brownish-yellow

shading to yellow distally ; hind and intermediate tarsi brown,

fore-tarsi yellow; basal antennal segments yellow, very

lightly touched with grey-brown; 4 yellowish-grey brown

with basal third yellow ; 5 a slightly deeper brown with

basal fourth yellowish ; 6 to 8 brown (lighter than basal

joints) with extreme base of 6 in some examples feebly

lighter. Wings fumate as in fulrginosus.

Head much as in fuliginosus, but shorter and broader,

approximately as long as or only slightly longer than broad,

cheeks very faintly rounded, slightly convergent posteriorly,

minutely and sparsely setose ; eyes occupying about 0°35 the

length of head; postocular bristles long, stout, dilated

apically. Antenna about twice as long as the head; seg-

ment 3 narrow, 4 large, broadest of all; relative lengths of

segments 3 to 8 approximately as follows:—50 : 55:47:44:

40:22. Pronotum about 0°8 the length of head and twice

as broad as long; setee stout, dilated apically, of the two at

each posterior angle the outer is the longer, being about 0°55

as long as the pronotum ; other pronotal sete shorter. Fore-

wings with 11 (10-12) duplicated cilia. Fore-femora

incrassate, fore-tarsus unarmed. Pterothorax broad, approxi-

mately as long as broad. Abdomen a little broader than the

pterothorax, gradually narrowing to segment 7 and thence

more sharply to base of tube. Tube 0°8 as long as the head,

more than half as wide at tip as at base and twice as long

as wide at base. Bristles on segment 9 long, not as long as

tube, slender, colourless ; apical bristles as long as tube,

stouter than those on 9, fuscous, but losing colour distally.

d.—Smaller, more slender; head a little longer ; fore-

legs stouter and fore-tarsus armed with a short broadly seated

tooth. .

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab, AUSTRALIA, in the neighbourhood of Healesville,

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 209

Victoria, on Acacia decurrens v. mollissima; Acacia fim-

briata ; Acacia melanoaylon ; Prostanthera lasiantha; Da-

visia ulicina; Escallonia montevidensis with larve ; Hryn-

gium pandanafolium; Polygonum sp. ; roses ; wall-flowers

and amongst dead seeds of Bursaria spinosa (A. E. Shaw &

R. Kelly). Warburton, Victoria, on Senecio velleioides,

Leptospermes scoparium, and Laurestinus sp. (A. Kelly).

Distinguished from H. fuliginosus (Schille) by its larger

size, deeper coloration, shorter head, ete. The postocular

and pronotal sete: and those on the wing-scale are pointed in

fuliginosus and are more slender than in wictoriensis.

b. Form heavy, wings clear, broad basally and distally,

without duplicated cilia. Hab. AUSTRALIA.

Ilaplothrips robustus, sp. 0.

? —Length 1°6 mm. ; breadth of mesothorax 0°38 mm.

Colour brown, head, thorax, and end of abdomen darker ;

fore-tibiee shaded yellowish distally and fore-tarsi yellowish.

Antennal segments 1, 2, and 5 to 8 uniform dark grey-brown,

4 lighter brown, and 3 yellowish. Wings clear excepting

for a light brownish patch at base. Hypodermal pigmenta-

tion heavy.

Head scarcely perceptibly longer than broad at base

(where it is broadest), cheeks straight, widening posteriorly,

though this may be exaggerated by pressure in mounting ;

vertex produced in the form of a hump, more pronounced

than usual, upon the apex of which the overhanging anterior

ocellus is seated. Postocular bristles short, blunt. Antennee

about 1:8 times as long as the head, segment 4 broader than

either 3 or 5; relative lengths of segments 3 to 8 approxi-

mately as follows :—50: 55:48:45: 44:33. In one

example segment 6 is longer (49 instead of 45) and at least

half the suture between 7 and 8 is fused.

Prothorax 0°65 the length of the head and about twice as

broad as long; sete moderately long, blunt, colourless ; the

one at each posterior angle the longest, about 0°45 the length

of the pronotum. fore-tarsus armed with a minute tooth ;

fore-femora slightly incrassate. Wings broad, the fore pair

being curiously broadened just beyond basal scale and again,

but neither so strongly nor suddenly, beyond median con-

striction. Abdomen very slightly broader than pterothorax.

210 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Tube 0°65 the length of head, less than twice as long as

wide at base, and approximately twice as broad at base

as at apex. Abdominal bristles somewhat long and slender,

colourless ; those at apex of tube also slender, about as long

as tube, fuscous basally.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. 8. AusTRALIA, Adelaide, Mount Lofty Range, IR ese

from flowers of Acacia myrtifolia or Epachris impressa,

Aug. 9, 1914 ; Outer Harbour, from flowers of Mesonbryan-

themum, Aug. 28th, 1914 (EL. B. Poulton). Reg, 41 and 43.

Haplothrips melanoceratus, sp. n.

This species agrees in almost every respect with H. ro-

bustus, sp. n., but may be sharply distinguished by the fact

that the antennal segments 1-8 are all entirely of a uniform

dark grey-brown. The tube is not so stout and the pronotum

is more than twice as broad as jong. The unique example

appears to be sliglitly teneral, and, excepting for the antenne,

is noticeably lighter in colour.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. S. Ausrratta, Adelaide, Outer Harbour, in flowers

of Mesonbryanthemum with H. robustus, 28. 8.14 (. B.

Poulton). Reg. 43, ;

c. Wings clear, very slender distally, parallel-sided, with

median constriction almost lost.

Haplothrips tenuipennis, sp. n.

? .—Lenegth 15 mm., breadth of mesothorax 0°32 mm.

Colour chestnut-brown, end of abdomen inclined to be

lighter, and tube lighter distally than basally. Fore-tibize

and the extreme apices of intermediate and hind tibiee lemon-

yellow, the fore-tibize tinted with light grey-brown basally

and towards margins; all tarsi light lemon-yellow. Antennal

segment 1 concolorous with head, 2 yellowish distally ; 3 to 6

yellow, 5 and 6 in some specimens shaded lightly with grey

distally ; 7 and 8 uniform light brown. Wings clear, faintly

fuscous at bases.

Head as broad as long and 1°3 times as long as pronotum;

postocular bristles moderately long, about 0°22 2 the length of

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. yal

head. Antenne at least 1°8 times as long as the head ;

relative lengths of segments 3 to 8 approximately as follows :—

46:50:42 :39:37:22. Prothorax transverse, about 2°3

times as broad as long; all setee present, blunt, those on

posterior margins about 0°4 the length of pronotum. Fore-

femora incrassate ; fore-tarsus unarmed. Fore-wings very

narrow from about basal third and median constriction scarcely

apparent ; lower margin with 8 (7-9) duplicated cilia.

Abdomen as broad or scarcely as broad as the pterothorax,

gradually tapering to tube; tube about 0°63 as long as head,

0'5 as broad at base as long, and 0°55 as broad at tip as at

base; sides evenly converging and no constriction at apex.

Bristles at apex of tube distinctly longer than tube.

$.—Smaller, body more slender. Fore-femora not

strongly incrassate and tarsal tooth minute.

Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial

Bureau of Entomology).

Hab. Inpta, Ringtong, T.E., Darjiling Dist., taken in

numbers on tea-bushes (Reg. 286, I.B.. 120) and on rose

(Reg. 287, I.B.H. 121), 14. vi. 1916, by Mr. E. A. Andrews

(of the India Tea Association).

Hindsiania melaleuca, Bagnall.

Hindsiania melaleuca, Bagnall, 1911, Ent. Month. Mag. ser. 2, xxi.

p: 61.

Lygothrips bicolor, Hood & Williams, 1915, Journ. New York Ent.

Soc. xxill, p. 126.

I found my original example of H. melaleuca in the

Botanic Gardens, Copenhagen, and am interested to find that

the Zygothrips bicolor of Hood & Williams, taken by Williams

in Florida, is referable to the same species.

Podothrips duplicatus, sp. n.

? .—Length about 1°2 mm.

Like Haplothrips aculeatus in general appearance.

Colour brown, tube darker basally ; fore-tibia pale yellow,

shaded along inner and outer margins with grey-brown ; hind

and intermediate tibize also pale yellow, lightly shaded with

grey-brown medianly ; all tarsi yellowish, with brown fleck

distally. Antennal joints 1 and 2 concolorous with head ;

212 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

3 yollowish ; 4-8 brown, but of a lighter shade than head.

Wings light smoky grey.

Head 1°5 times as long as the prothorax and only about as

long as broad; cheeks apparently gently arched, with the

appearance of converging posteriorly (this point is not clear

in the unique preparation, due to pressure in mounting).

Eyes in their greatest dorsal length occupying about one-third

(0°33) the length of the head. Ocelli of moderate size,

posterior pair above a line drawn across centre of eyes,

anterior ocellus forwardly directed. Postocular bristles broken

off in type. Antenne approximate at base, about 1°8 times

the length of the head; relative lengths of segments as

follows:—10:14:15:15:14:14:14:11. Joints2 to7

practically subequal in length, gently,diminishing in breadth ;

3 broadly and roundly clavate; 8 pointed, slightly con-

stricted at base. Mouth-cone short, reaching about halfway

across prosternum, broadly rounded.

Prothorax twice as broad as long, the greatest breadth

being scarcely narrower than width across fore-coxee. All

setee present and well-developed ; strongly dilated distally,

those at posterior angles about 0°45 and those at anterior

angles 0°36 the length of prothorax. A similar seta on each

fore-coxa ; fore-femur incrassate; fore-tibia stout, apically

produced within into a sharp tooth; fore-tarsus armed with a

short stout tooth. Pterothorax rather broader than long and

than width across fore-coxe. Metathorax laterally con-

verging posteriorly. Wings slender, reaching to abdominal

segment 6, constricted in middle, sparsely fringed, the fore-

wing having four duplicated cilia.

Abdomen elongate, only as broad as the pterothorax,

elongate, gradually narrowing from base of segment 7 to

tube. Tube about 0°7 as long as the head, 0°47 as broad at

base as long and nearly 0°6 (0°57) as broad at apex as at

base ; terminal hairs short and weak, about 0°4 the length of

the tube. Paired wing-retaining sete up to and including

segment 7, the pair near posterior margin being stronger than

the median dorsal pair. Abdominal sete slender, dilated at

apex, colourless, pointed pairs on 9 being as long as the tube.

Abundantly distinct from P. semiflavus, Hood, beth as

regards colour and structure, and necessitating some slight

amendment of the original diagnosis of the genus,

Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial

Bureau of Entomology).

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 213

Hab. Goup Coast, Aburi, 1 2 on Canna-flowers with

Physothrips marshalli, 30, xi. 15 (W. A. Patterson), Reg.

260, I.B.H. 94.

Podothrips propinquus, sp. n.

? .—Length about 1°5 mm.

This form comes very near to P. duplicatus, sp.n. It is

larger and somewhat more robust. “The distal fourth or

thereabouts of the fore-femora is light yellow ; the antennal

joints 3 and 4 are yellow, the latter lightly touched with

brown.

The prothorax is comparatively shorter and more strongly

transverse, and the posterior sete at least (also strongly

dilated distally) are distinctly longer than in duplicatus (6:4),

those at posterior angles being 0°55 and those at anterior

angles about 0°35 the median length of the pronotum. The

fore-tibia is produced into the form of a tooth at the apex

within, but there does not appear to be a fore-tarsal tooth

(one fore-foot is broken off and the other tucked under the

head in the unique example). The relative lengths of the

antennal joints 3 to 8 are as follows:—18: 20:16:15:

i653 145

There are 6—7 duplicated cilia in the fore-wings.

The tube is stouter basally, being about.0°55 as broad at

base as long and a little less than half (0°47) as broad

at apex as at base, 0°62 as long as the head. ‘Terminal hairs

short and weak.

Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial

Bureau of Entomology).

Hab. Gotp Coast, Aburi, 5. xi. 12, 1 9 from “ Cola -

shoots and buds” (W. H. Patterson). Reg. 269, 1.B.K. 103.

Trichothrips group.

Genus EURHYNCHOTHRIPS, nov.

g.—Head not as long as broad, with sides converging

posteriorly, slightly longer than prothorax., Mouth-cone long,

sides straightly narrowed to apex, reaching across prosternum,

aud as long as the dorsal length of head. Antennze 8-jointed,

all joints well separated. Ocelli well forward, the anterior

ocellus directed forwards.

Prothorax strongly transverse, more than twice as broad

214 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

as long and 1°5 as broad as head; with a well-developed

accessory seta at each hind angle. JF ore-tarsi (in male)

unarmed. Wings broad, with sides subparallel. Tube

basally, in male, only shallowly and broadly emarginate.

Abdomen only moderately heavy.

This genus is separated from Rhynchothrips by the last

and penultimate antennal joints not being short and closely

united, the convergent cheeks, the stouter mouth-cone, and

the shorter and transverse prothorax and more slender build.

It should be here noted that the two Trichothripid species,

Gdemothrips brevicollis, Bagn., from Japan, and Gfdemothrips

propinquus, Bagn.* (Australia), both described from female

examples, may be referable, on the discovery of the respective

males, to other genera.

Type. Hurhynchothrips convergens, mihi.

Eurhynchothrips convergens, sp. n.

g .—Length about 1:8 mm., breadth of mesothorax 0°37 mm,

Colour chestnut-brown ; tube lighter in distal half ; fore-

tibiee yellow, lightly sinealeal with Brongn on the outer margin

and near the base w ithin ; all tarsi yellowish. Antenne with

segment 1 brown, 2 brown shading to yellow, 3 to 6 yellow,

3 pale, 4 and 5 tinged lightly with brown distally, 6 with

distal half or thereabouts brownish, and 7 and 8 wholly light

brown. Wings clear, scale of fore-wing brown, cilia dusky.

Head a little more than 0°8 as long as broad immediately

behind eyes ; cheeks faintly rounded, converging posteriorly,

about 0°85 as broad at neck as behind eyes. Ey es broadly

rounded, occupying in their greatest dorsal length approxi-

mately 0-4 the length of the head; space between them about

0-4 the greatest width ofthe head. ‘Vertex not produced,

ocelli large, posterior pair above a line drawn through centre

of eyes and contiguous to their inner margins, anterior

ocellus forwardly directed. Antenne twice or a little more

than twice as long as the head, set below the vertex with the

basal joints subapproximate ; joint 4 broader than 3 or any

of in other rs. Relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 :—20: 22:

20: 23:22:16; 3 claviform, 4 and 5 broad and roundly

caer. G to 8 narrower, elongated. One stout sense-cone

on outer side of segment 3, 1+2 similarly stout cones on 4,

* This must not be confusedwith Trichothrips propinguus, Bagn., an

English species.

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 215

1+1 on 5 which are not so stout, and 1 + 1 slender cones on 6 ;

1 long slender one on 7.

Sense-bristles at end of maxillary and labial palpi long.

Postocular setee about as long as the eye, apex dilated.

Prothorax about 0°8 as long as the head and a little more

than 1°5 times as broad, from 2°1 to 2°4 times as broad as

long. All setse present, colourless, and also a well-developed

accessory pair at posterior angles, dilated apically; those at

posterior angles the longest, about 0°6 the length of the

pronotum, those at the anterior angles being about 0°35 the

length. Fore-coxe scarcely projecting, each furnished with

1 prominent seta. Femora somewhat stout, fore-femora

short, incrassate ; fore-tarsi simple, unarmed. Pterothorax

only slightly broader than long. Wings only reaching to

about abdominal segment 6; broad, fore-wings about 10

times as long as broad ; duplicated cilia 11 to 14, in two cases

17 and 18.

Abdomen only a little broader than the pterothorax,

eradually narrowing to tube from segment 6. Tube about

0:9 as long as the head, twice as long as broad at base, and

little more than 0-4 as broad at apex as at base. Terminal

hairs brownish, about 0°6 as long as the tube. Abdominal

setze well developed, yellow or colourless, dilated at apex,

those on 9, but slightly dilated at apex, are a little more than

0°8 the length of the tube.

Type. In British Museum of Natural History (Imperial

Bureau of Entomology).

Hab. Gotp Coast, Aburi, Nov. 5, 1915, gs only on

Cola-shoots and buds (W. H. Patterson). Reg. 269.

The larva (advanced stage) of this species is yellowisl:-

white (in spirit), with rows of brown spots across meso- and

metanotum and a single row across each abdominal segment

1-7. Pronotum with two brown “ plate”? patches almost

adjoining; region of first two pairs of stigmata brown, and

abdominal segment 8 with lateral brown patches. Abdo-

minal segments 9 and 10 tube-like. Head small, with a pair

of brown eye-spots, and basal antennal joints brownish.

Trichothrips longicornis, Bagn.

1913. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, xii. p. 298.

This species was originally described from numerous dried

specimens in the British Museum,elabelled “ Sierra Leone.”

216 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

There are several examples in Mr, Patterson’s collection, and

a comparison with the original specimens makes it necessary

to amend and amplify the description. It is larger than

originally stated, being about 1°8 mm. long, and as regards

colour the apical and penultimate antennal joints are chestnut-

brown, of a lighter shade than the body. ‘I'he prothorax has

the postero-marginal sete moderately long, those at posterior

angles being about 0-4 the length of the prothorax : the mid-

lateral pair is shorter, whilst the antero-marginal pairs are

quite short, thus differing markedly from the prothoracic

sete in 7’. femoralis, Moulton. There are two rather stoutish

genal spines at about the basal fourth of head.

?.—Forma macroptera.—The wings are rather stout,

reaching to the abdominal segment. 7; clear with smoky-

grey cilia and without (apparently) any duplicated cilia, thus

again demonstrating the species’ close relationship to 7.

femoralis.

Hab. Goup Coast, Aburi, one macropterous and several

apterous females and a few young larvee, from a “conical

gall (not made by thrips) on leaves of undetermined plant,”

November 17, 1915. Reg. no. 263.

Cryptothrips group.

Cryptothrips shavianus, sp. n.

3 —Length about 3-0 mm., belonging to the major, Bagn.—

carbonarius, Hood, group.

Colour dark blackish brown, abdomen up to the fifth or

sixth segment lighter, but apically very deeply pigmented

black. Fore-tarsus and apex of fore-tibia yellowish-brown.

Antennal segment 2 apically yellowish, 3 yellow lightly

touched with brown distally, 4 grey-brown with basal third

or thereabouts yellowish, basal fourth of 5 similarly yellowish

aud extreme base of 6 yellowish, which is scarcely noticeable

in one example. Wings of a light smoky greyish-yellow,

lighter (to almost clear) distally ; fore-wings with scale and

a small basal patch brown, and with two roughly defined

lines (the part between being light) running for two-thirds

the length of wing ; lower wing’with a similar double line,

which is, however, situated closer to the upper margin of

wing.

Head large, approximately rectangular, converging very

slightly posteriorly, 1°3 tifhes as long as broad. Eyes small,

Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 217

occupying 0°22 the total leneth of head, finely facetted ;

ocelli rather small, posterior pair widely separated, contiguous

to inner margins of eyes near their lower fourth. Postocular

bristles blunt, about as long as the length of an eye; the pair

just behind posterior ocelli minute (as Tare as the postocular

bristles in C. carbonarius). Antenne about 1:35 times as

long as the head, segments 3 to 6 roughly clavate ; 3 but

slightly longer than 4 and 5 slightly shorter than 4.

Prothorax very short (as in C. collaris, Bagn.), with the

anterior margin strongly emarginate, median length approxi-

mately 0°3 the length of the head; all usual setee present,

the spine at each posterior angle being much the longest and

stoutest, and the antero- marginal pairs the shortest. Wings

broad, with margins subparallel and ends rounded; with 16

to 22 ‘duplicated eilia. TF ore-tarsal tooth small.

Abdomen not much broader than pterothorax, sides practi-

cally parallel to segment 6; 8 laterally angulate at basal

third. Tube stout, less than twice as long as wide at base

and more than two-thirds (about 0°7) as long as the head,

distinctly constricted at apex. Bristles on 7 to 9 especially

strong, long, and black, those on 9 about 0°8 the length of

tube ; those at ¢ apex of tube slender, as long as the tube. A

pair of leaf-like ventro-median laminze on segment 11 (apex

of tube).

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hab. AusTRALIA, Healesville, Victoria, 2 ¢s taken on

branch of Acacia linearis with galls, 31.1.16 (R. Kelly).

Reg. no. 254.

‘I have pleasure in naming this species in honour of

Dr. Eland Shaw, of Healesville, Victoria, who has secured

me much interesting material, and has enriched entomology

in other directions.

Family Idolothripide.

Genus KLINOTHRIPS, nov.

Species of moderate size.

& —Head much as in Aleothrips, Schmutz, the produced

part beyond the eyes representing 0:2 of the total length of

the head; Anterior ocellus set near the base of the produced

part, protected by a pair of sete ; ; eyes finely facetted, post-

ocular sete set in tubercles. Antenne about 1:5 timos the

length of head. Prothoracic sete set in tubercles. Wings

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 15

218 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

reaching to abdominal segment 4. Fore-coxse prominent,

fore-femora very sharply bent basally, causing a prominent

angle at base within ; the outer radius adorned by two promi-

nent spine-set tubercles, one short and straight, the other

larger, slightly curved, and surmounted by a curved spine ;

a strong curved spine springs from a prominence at anterior

angle without, much as in Décaiothrips. Abdomen elon-

gated, tube short, about 1:2 times as long as segment 8 and

only 0°6 the length of head.

Fig. 3.

Klinothrips femoralis, gen. et sp. n., d. Left fore-leg.

This species is separated from ¢ Mecynothrips, Bagn., by

the less strongly produced head, the simple prothorax, and

the structure of the fore-femora; and from Kleothrips

(= Dracothrips, Bagn.) and Dicaiothrips, Bufm., by the

last-named feature. It should be noted that, with the excep-

tion of D. nitidus, Bagn., the head in Dicaiothrips is only

slightly produced, never as much as either the length of an

eye or of the base of the produced part.

Type. Klinothrips femoralis, sp. n.

Klinothrips femoralis, sp. n.

& .—Length 7:5 mm.

With the characters of the genus.

Colour dark chestnut-brown; antennal joint 3 yellow,

tinged with brown distally.

Head widest across eyes, where it is about 0°35 as total

leneth of head, more than twice as long as the pronotum.

Relative lengths of antennal joints 3 to 8 approximately as

follows :—72 : 56:48:29: 23:18; 4 and 5 claviform.

Prothoracic sete stout and spine-like.

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 219

Type. In British Museum of Natural History (Imperial

Bureau of Entomology), 1 g described from an unmounted

spirit-specimen.

Hab. Goup Coast, Aburi, from the foliage of Cacao,1 3,

Nov. 12th, 1915 (W. H. Patterson). Reg. no. 275, Imp.

Bur. Ent. no. 103.

Genus Kieorarips, Schmutz.

Kleothrips, 1913 (July), K. Akad. Wiss. Wien. math.-naturw. K1.

exxil. p. 1057.

Dracothrips, 1914 (Mar. 1), Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, xiii. p, 290.

Genus EIDOTHRIPS, nov.

Species of moderate size.

Head long, at least 2°5 times as long as broad, feebly and

gently narrowed behind eyes and thence swollen towards

base ; eyes finely facetted; head only slightly produced

beyond eyes for reception of antenne, which are very slender

and more than twice as long as the head. Prothorax small,

simple in both sexes. Pterothorax largish, broader than the

abdomen. Wings with median vein reaching beyond

middle; fore-wings slightly broadened before apex, fringe

close, not long, and of rather even length, with numerous

duplicated cilia at the lower margin near apex. Femora,

tibie, and tarsi of front legs unarmed in both sexes. Tube

at least 1°5 times as long as the head.

3 .—Abdominal segment 5 with a posteriorly directed

pair of lateral curved horn-like processes ; 6 with a shorter

straight pair situated near the posterior third of segment; 9

with posterior angles produced into spine-set tubercles. ‘Tube,

in ¢ only, with surface scabrous or coarsely aciculate, ex-

cepting the distal fourth.

Type. Evdothrips alluaudi, sp. n.

Eidothrips alluaudi, sp. n.

Length 5:4 to 6°0 mm.

With the characters of the genus.

Colour dark chestnut-brown, antennal segment 3 yellow

with basal sixth brown, and 4 also yellow lightly shaded with

brown basally, both tinged with brown at apices; veins of

wings, scale, and upper margin at base brown, otherwise clear

15*

220 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

but for a faint yellowish tinge near margins. Spines at

posterior margin of abdominal seoment "9 clear yellow.

Relative lengths of antennal segments 3 to 8 approximately

as follows :—45 : 29:23:18: 8 :

Type. In Coll. Alluaud et Jeannel.

Hab. UGANDA, Kijabé, situated on the Uganda Railway

in the forest of the Kikuyu escarpment, Dec. 1911 (Alluaud

et Jeanne/).

Genus KRINOTHRIPS, nov.

Species of moderate size.

Agreeing with Hidothrips, gen. nov.; head more noticeably

narrowed behind eyes and tube less than 1°5 times as long as

the head, similar in both sexes.

g.—Abdominal segment 5 simple, 6 with a posteriorly

directed pair of lateral, curved, horn-like processes, 7 swollen

and laterally tuberculate-dentate ; 8 irregularly swollen and 9

simple. Tube practically smooth, as in ?.

Type. Krinothrips divergens, sp. n.

Krinothrips divergens, sp. n.

Length about 7:0 mm.

With the characters of the genus.

Krinothrips divergens, gen. et sp. n., d. Dorsal view of abdominal

segments 6-8, outline only.

Colour dark chestnut-brown ; tarsi, extreme apex of fore-

tibia, intermediate tibia distally, and hind tibia in distal half

On the Braconidee in the British Museum. pe i

yellow or yellowish. Antennal joint 3 light yellow, 4 and

succeeding joints yellow lightly tinged with brown excepting

apices of 4 and 5, 6 to 8 being practically yellowish-brown.

Wings much as in Hidothrips al/uaudi, with the median

veins narrowly yellowish-brown ; cheeks with a few pairs of

minute spiniferous tubercles; outer margins of femora with

some longish blunt or knobbed colourless sete. Tube

sparingly but regularly setose in both sexes, less than 1-4

times as long as the head. Pronotum about 0°45 the length

of the head. Relative lengths of antennal joints 3 to 8 as

follows:—55 : 36: 30: 24:12: 11 (or 10°5). Fore-femora

aud tibiee in the g more strongly and noticeably pilose than

in the @.

Type. British Museum of Natural History (Imperial

Bureau of Entomology).

Hab. Gop Coast, Aburi (not on leaves of Cacao), Adawsi

Rd, 627. ttt (W.. Patterson), Reg« 282; I.B.E.

no. 116.

XXIIL—Notes on the Braconidee in the British Alusewm.—

Ill. On new Australian Agathine. By RowLanp EK.

Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S.

Key to the Australian Species of Cremnops.

1. Hind femora blackish ; wings of the female

vellow at the base and with a broad

yellow band below the stigma, of the

male fuscous with a narrow diaphanous

band below the stigma.............. C. dissimilis, Turn,

Ilind femora testaceous red; wings not

differing in colour sexually.......... 2.

2. Wings yellow basally from the nervulus

and in the region of the stigma ...... 3.

Wings fuscous, only marked with yellow

in the region of the stigma.......... C. wanthostigma, Szép.

3. The yellow colour of the wings extending

unbroken from the base as far as the

apex of the second cubital cell ....., C. marginipennis, Turn.

The yellow area interrupted by a broad

fuscous band fromthebase ofthe stigma. C. commutator, Turn,

229 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

Cremnops xanthostigma, Szép.

Cremnops xanthostigma, Szép. Termes. Fuzetek. xxiii, p.61 (1900). 9.

A specimen from Kuranda, N. Queensland, agrees fairly

well with the description, but has only a small yellow spot at

the base of the stigma. A series of males from Mackay show

variations in this mark, which is usually fairly large and

triangular as in Szépligeti’s description.

Hab. New Guinea (Bird) ; Kuranda (Turner), May 1913 ;

Mackay (Turner), January 1898.

C. fulgidipennis, Cam, (1911), from the Solomon Islands,

is extremely close to this, but has the terebra rather longer

and the yellow spot at the base of the stigma almost obsolete.

Cameron placed the species in Agathis; but it is a Cremnops.

Cremnops dissimilis, sp. n.

@. Rufo-ferruginea ; capite, segmento mediano, femoribus posticis,

tibiis posticis apice, tarsisque posticis, abdomine segmento

quarto sequentibusque, valvulisque terebre nigris ; alis fuscis, an-

ticis basiad nervulum, fasciaque lata sub stigmate, posticis tertio

basali fasciaque lata post medium flavis.

¢. Femine similis ; alis basi etiam fuscis, anticis fascia irregulari

flavo-hyalina sub stigmate.

Long. § mm.; terebre long. 4 mm.

?. Face shining, finely punctured ; marginal carine of

the frontal depression extending to the posterior ocelli.

Middle lobe of the mesonotum marked with two distinct and

narrow longitudinal grooves separated from each other by

a distinct earina. Median segment with coarse transverse

strie and the usual longitudinal caring, the two middle carine

diverging slightly towards the apex, a small enclosed trian-

gular area at the base of the posterior truncation. First

tergite twice as long as its apical breadth in the female, con-

siderably shorter in the male. Second cubital cell subquadrate.

The stigma is almost entirely yellow in the female, but

fuscous on the apical half in the male.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner), March to May, 1900.

Cremnops marginipennis, sp. n.

@. Rufo-testacea; capite, valvulis terebrae, tibiis posticis apice

tarsisque posticis nigris ; clypeo, mandibulis palpisque testaceis ;

alis pallide flavis, post cellulam cubitalem secundam latissime

fusco-marginatis.

Braconidse 7n the British Museum. 223

3. Femine simillimus, segmentis abdominalibus quarto sequenti-

busque nigris.

Long. 7-8 mm.; terebre long. 3 mm.

?. Face shining, almost smooth ; marginal carinze of the

frontal depression extending to the posterior ocelli. Anterior

portion of the mesonotum with two very shallow longitudinal

grooves, separated by a low and indistinct carina. Median

segment coarsely reticulate; the two median caring of the

dorsal surface diverging slightly towards the apex ; a small

enclosed triangular area at the base of the posterior truncation.

Abdomen smooth and shining; first tergite twice as long as

its apical breadth in the female, shorter in the male. Legs,

valvule, and costa of both pairs of wings clothed with very

short hairs. Second cubital cell subquadrate; the vein

dividing the first cubital and first discoidal cells obsolete in

the middle.

flab. Kuranda, N. Queensland (Turner), May 1913, 1 3

(type), 1 ¢ (cotype) ; January 1902, 1 9.

Cremnops commutator, sp. n.

9. Rufo-testacea; capite, abdomine segmentis quarto sequenti-

busque, valvulis terebre, tibiis posticis apice, tarsis posticis basi

late testaceo annulatis, unguiculisque nigris; alis fuscis; anticis

basi usque ad nervulum, fasciaque lata sub stigmate ; posticis

tertio basali et fascia lata flavis.

Long. 9 mm. ; terebre long. 3 mm.

?. Face shining and finely punctured; marginal carinze

of the frontal depression reaching the posterior ocelli ; median

lobe of the mesonotum with two well-marked longitudinal

grooves. Median segment with the usual longitudinal carine,

the spaces between the carine with a few coarse transverse

strize. Second cubital cell subquadrate.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner), October to May ;

Kuranda, N. Queensland (Turner), July 1913; Townsville,

Queensland (Lodd) ; Port Darwin (J. 4. Walker).

Closely allied to Cremnops papuana, Cam. (described as

Agathis p.), but in that species the face is ferruginous. In

the present form many specimens have the abdomen entirely

rufo-testaceous, and the extent of the yellow band on the hind

wing varies considerably, but I do not think that there are

any differences of specific importance. °

224 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

Braunsia wallacei, sp. n.

9. Ferruginea; antennis, articulis duobus basalibus exceptis,

segmeutis dorsalibus tertio sequentibusque, valvulisque nigris ;

tarsis posticis,infuscatis ; alis fuscis, unicoloribus.

Long. 9 mm.; terebre long. 6 mm.

@. Antenne rather slender; mesonotum in front without

grooves. Median segment with one well-defined longitudinal

carina from the base to the middle, continued less distinctly

in a depression to the apex, the'‘sides of the depression

indistinctly margined. First tergite a little less than twice

as long as its apical breadth, the apical half strongly longi-

tudinally striated ; second tergite and basal area of the third

coarsely longitudinally striated, apical area of the third

tergite entirely smooth ; basal area of the second tergite

equal to the apical area of the third and distinctly longer

than either of the two intermediate aree. First cubital and

first discoidal cells not divided ; second cubital cell sub-

triangular, almost pointed on the radius, with a distinct stump

of a nervure springing from the second transverse cubital

nervure, the stump somewhat longer than that nervure.

An oblique, irregular, hyaline streak runs outwards from the

base of the stigma.

Hab. Dorei, New Guinea (Wallace).

Braunsia diversipennis, sp. n.

3. Rufo-ferrugineus ; capite nigro, mandibulis palpisque testaceis ;

tarsis posticis fuscis; alis dimidio basali flavis, dimidio apicali

fuscis ; stigmate, maculaque magna sub stigmate cellula cubitali

secunda includente flavis.

Long. 11 mm.

3. Eyes large and round; antenne stout, the second

joint very short and broad. Mesonotum in front without

grooves, the parapsidal furrows strongly developed. Median

segment with two median longitudinal carinze, which converge

towards the base and unite before the base. First tergite

strongly longitudinally striated, the striae not continued to

the base, the basal half with strong lateral carine ; the

segment about twice as long as its apical breadth. Second

tergite and basal area of the third tergite coarsely longitu-

dinally striated, the two divisions of the second tergite equal

in length, longer than the striated basal area of the third

tergite, but distinctly shorter than the entirely smooth apical

area of that segment.

Braconidss in the British Museum. 925

The nervure separating the first cubital and first discoidal

cells is distinct; second cubital cell pentagonal, with a

distinct stump of a vein from the middle of the second trans-

verse cubital nervure, the stump almost equal in length to

the cubital margin of the cell. The yellow colour of the

wings extends from the base to beyond the nervulus ; the

yellow spot below the stigma includes the apical half of the

first and the whole of the second cubital cells and the base of

the radial cell, and extends beyond the second transverse

cubital nervure.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner).

Allied to fasciata, Enderl., but differs in the total absence

of striz on the apical division of the third tergite, in the red

apical segments of the abdomen, the black head, and in

details of colour and neuration of the wings.

Key to the Australian Species of Disophrys.

Te Mesonotume place ot eo Aie elite aansic eis Pep abs

Mesonaiumyreds 0 ts ica + stag syentalarehe ol Res 3.

2. Wings pale fusco-hyaline, slightly tinged

VALE VOU OW ites creole ein oiayeleuere cleats 5) scts D, nigropectus, Turn.

Wing yellow to the apex of the stigma,

crossed by a fuscous band from the base -

of the stigma, the apex broadly fuscous. D, similipicta, Turn.

3. Hind femora black, sometimes stained with

BOGIA LEGG ASE cla: ox cisyaporie siszo(o°e) <8. /x) bai ora) D. diversipes, Turn.

Hind femora red, rarely black at the extreme

ESO ASM A er evake rel stay ier ere cieivisi mie, ors hs 2, crater ache 4,

4, Wings fuscous, the stigma and a spot below

it VCO WWE cies cristanel ey ter no vores siciar uiecchetaya ays D. signatipennis, Turn,

Wings yellow or subhyaline on the basal

third atleash ys: is lume sts faa se 5.

chee EL EROE TOC tas ciate ciaisl < ph tetova sinteas's pineye getels 6,

Head black, the face rarely red ......... 7

6. Wings subhyaline, crossed at the base of the

stigma by a pale fuscous band ........ D. diluta, Turn.

Wings yellow on the basal third and crossed

by a flavo-hyaline band from the base of

Eis SUL TIRES ces Aa aint sie © «0:2. «/orepe) Meee RDR D, exornata, Turn.

eM RCCL EC OW wane sculatece ote oa) «sive. +08: 0 cuneate D. rufifrons, Turn.

ACER DECI Rely ve srtret ore ora.c 8 +», nkarmeees D, ruberrima, Turn,

Disophrys signatipennis, sp. n.

3. Rufa; mandibulis palpisque rufo-testaceis; capite, segmentis

abdominalibus tertio sequentibusque, femoribus posticis apice,

tiblis posticis supra, tarsisque posticis nigris ; alis nigris, stigmate

maculaque sub stigmate flavis.

Long. 10 mm,

226 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

3. Face closely and very distinctly punctured; the two

interantennal ridges well developed ; the marginal carinz of

the frontal depression well defined; vertex shining, sparsely

punctured. Mesonotum sparsely and rather finely punctured ;

the depression at the base of the scutellum large and marked

with three strong longitudinal carine; mesopleure almost

smooth behind, punctured in front. Median segment trans-

versely striated in the spaces between the usual longitudinal

carine, the sides of the segment finely punctured-rugulose.

Hind coxe sparsely and finely punctured. Abdomen smooth

and shining ; an indistinct, transverse, impressed line near

the middle of the second tergite. Second cubital cell sub-

quadrate. The flavo-hyaline mark below the stigma extends

into the second cubital cell, and below, the cubitus along the

recurrent nervure,

Hab. Kuranda, N. Queensland (Turner), July 1913.

Disophrys ruberrima, sp. n.

@. Rufa; mandibulis basi palpisque testaceis ; capite, tibiis pos-

ticis apice tarsisque posticis nigris ; alis anticis fuseis, basi ad

nervulum, stigmate, maculaque magna sub stigmate cellulam

cubitalem secundam includente flavyis; posticis dimidio basali

flavo, dimidio apicali fusco.

Long. 13 mm.

9. Face finely and closely punctured, vertex more sparsely

punctured, the two interantennal ridges distinct but rather

low, the marginal carinze of the frontal depression well

marked, Antenne nearly as long as the whole insect.

Mesonotum shining, with a few minute punctures, the para-

psidal furrows distinctly crenulate ; the depression at the base

of the scutellum large, with three strong longitudinal carinze.

Median segment finely rugulose; with a small diamond-

shaped enclosed area in the middle of the dorsal surface ;

from the apex of this area a carina runs to the apex of the

segment, a curved lateral carina on each side of the median

area and a transverse basal carina; the sides of the segment

finely and closely punctured. First tergite a little more than

half as long again as its apical breadth ; the transverse line

on the second tergite almost obsolete.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner) ; Townsville, Queens-

land (Dodd).

Disophrys rufifrons, sp. n.

2. Rufo-testacea; vertice, antennis, tibiis posticis apice, tarsisque

Braconidse in the British Museum. 227

posticis nigris; alis flavis dimidio basali, fuscis dimidio apicali ;

anticis stigmate maculaque magna sub stigmate cellulam brachi-

alem attingente flavis.

Long. 10 mm.

?. Head and thorax almost smooth; the interantennal

ridges low, the marginal caring of the frontal depression well

marked. Parapsidal furrows feebly crenulated. Enclosed

area of the median segment broadly oval, extending to the

apex.

Ela. Port Hssington, Northern Territory (Gould).

Very similar to ruberrima, differing in the sculpture, in the

smaller size and paler colour, in the colour of the face, and in

the larger extent of the yellow mark below the stigma.

Disophrys diversipes, sp. n.

2. Rufo-testacea; capite nigro, clypeo, mandibulis, apice excepto,

palpisque rufo-testaceis ; segmentis abdominalibus quarto sequenti-

busque, femoribus posticis, basi supra rufo-lineatis, tibiis posticis

apice, tarsisque posticis nigris ; alis dimidio basali flavis, dimidio

apicali fuscis ; anticis stigmate fasciaque lata sub stigmate flavis.

Long. 10-11 mm.

Q. Face shining, sparsely and shallowly punctured, vertex

smooth and shining; interantennal ridges rather low, the

marginal carine of the frontal depression well developed.

Median lobe of the mesonotum marked with a low longitu-

dinal carina in front, with a distinct groove on each side of

the carina; parapsidal furrows not crenulate. Median

segment transversely rugulose between the longitudinal

carine ; the enclosed median area elongate-ovate, not reaching

the apex of the segment. First tergite nearly twice as long

as broad, second tergite without a transverse line. ‘The

yellow fascia of the fore wing nearly reaches the lower

margin of the wing in the type, in some other specimens

quite, leaving a detached fuscous band across the wing from

the base of the stigma.

Hab. Wuranda, N. Queensland (Turner), May 1913 ;

Mackay, Queensland (Turner).

Kasily distinguished from ruberrima and rufifrons by the

black hind temora and the black apical segments of the

abdomen.

Disophrys exornata, sp. 0.

2. Rufo-testacea ; antennis, tibiis posticis tertio apicali, tarsisque

posticis nigris ; alis tertio basali flavis, anticis fascia sub stigmate

228 Mr. R. BE. Turner on the

et stigmatis dimidio basali flavis, posticis cellule radialis macula

flavida.

Long. 7 mm.

2. Face shining, minutely punctured, vertex smooth and

shining ; the interantennal ridges low but distinct, the carinze

bordering the frontal depression well developed. Mesonotum

very finely punctured, the middle lobe with a low longitudinal

carina in front and a shallow groove on each side of the

carina ; mesopleure finely punctured ; the depression at the

base of the scutellum with three distinct longitudinal carine.

Median segment rugose, the longitudinal caringe not very

distinct ; the median enclosed area long and narrow, tlie

inarginal carings meeting at the base, diverging to the apex

of the dorsal surface and converging again to the apex of the

“posterior slope; the sides of the segment finely punctured.

Abdomen smooth and shining; first tergite twice as long as

its apical breadth ; second tergite without a transverse line.

Hab. Kuranda, N. Queensland (Zurner), May to July.

Disophrys diluta, sp. n.

©. Testacea; antennis, tibiis posticis apice ftarsisque posticis

nigris; aiis subhyalinis, fascia mediana pallide fusca; venis

fuscis, basi flavis, stigmate dimidio basali flavo, apice fusco.

Long. 8 mm.

2. Very near D. ewornata, the sculpture being identical

on the head and thorax, but the median segment is less

coarsely rugose and the longitudinal carine more distinct.

The pale fuscous fascia of the fore wings is fairly broad and

crosses the wing from the base of the stigma. The basal

portion of both wings is very feebly tinted with yellow, the

apical portion very feebly with fuscous.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner), January ; Kuranda,

Queensland (Turner), July 1913.

Disophrys similipicta, sp. n.

©. Flavo-testacea; antennis, vertice, mesonoto, mesosterno, seg-

mentis abdominalibus quarto sequentibusque, coxis posticis, tibiis

tarsisque posticis nigris ; alis dimidio basali flavis, dimidio apicali

fuscis, anticis stigmate fasciaque magna subtriangulari sub

stigmate flavis.

Long. 8-9 mm.

¢. Face finely and closely punctured; vertex shining,

with minute scattered punctures ; interantennal ridges rather

Braconidee in the British Museum. 229

low; marginal carine of the frontal depression distinct.

Mesonotum sparsely punctured; the median lobe with a

distinct longitudinal carina in front extending to the middle,

with a distinct groove on each side of the carina; the de-

pression at the base of the scutellum with three longitudinal

carinee. Median segment rugulose, the enclosed median area

broadly oval. Second dorsal segment with an ill-defined but

distinct impressed transverse line.

fab, Mackay, Queensland ( Turner) ; Townsville, Queens-

land (Dodd).

Disophrys nigropectus, sp. n.

Q. Flavo-testacea; antennis, mesothorace, scutello, seementis

abdominalibus tertio sequentibusque, coxis intermediis posticisque,

trochanteribus, femoribus posticis intermediisque, tibiis inter-

mediis supra, tibiisque tarsisque posticis nigris; alis subhyalinis

basi flavo apice fusco suffusis, costa nigra, stigmate fusco.

Long. 7 mm.

?. Face smooth and shining ; interantennal ridges low

but distinct ; the marginal carinz of the frontal depression

almost obsolete. Mesonotum smooth and shining, the middle

lobe with a longitudinal carina reaching to the middle and a

shallow groove on each side of the carina; the depression

at the base of the scutellum smooth, without carinee. Median

segment coarsely rugulose; enclosed median area sub-

triangular, the sides diverging from the base to the apex of

the dorsal surface; the apical slope without carinse. First

tergite scarcely half as long again as its apical breadth ;

second tergite without a transverse line.

Hab. Kuranda, N. Queensland (Turner), July 1913,

Approaches the genus Huagathis in the almost complete

absence of frontal carinee.

Biréia solitaria, sp. n.

2. Rufo-testacea ; antennis, articulis duobus basalibus exceptis,

segmento mediano, angulis anticis exceptis, abdomine, pedibus

posticis, valvulisque terebre nigris; ventre basi albido; alis

fuscis, linea curvata, irregulari sub stigmate hyalina.

3. Femine similis; segmento mediano dimidio basali rufo-

testaceo.

Long. 10 mm.; terebre long, 6 mm.

¢. Face and vertex smooth and shining ; two longitudinal

ridges between the antenne as in the genus Disophrys ;

marginal carine of the frontal depression distinct. Meso-

230 Mr. O. Thomas on

notum broadly triangular, narrowly rounded anteriorly,

smooth and shining, without parapsidal furrows. Median

segment with six longitudinal carine, which are almost

parallel and are continued on the face of the posterior trun-

cation, the spaces between the carine transversely striated.

First tergite elongate-triangular in the female, triangular in

the male, with a lateral groove on each side from the base to

beyond the middle ; second tergite with an impressed trans-

verse line behind the middle. Second abscissa of the radius

a little longer than the second transverse cubital nervure.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner), February and March.

This is the only Australian species of the genus known to

me, and no others appear to have been described, though

species of the genus appear to be fairly numerous in New

Guinea, The four genera dealt with in this paper appear to

be Malayan immigrants, and do not seem to occur in the

southern portion of Australia.

XXIV.—Four new Species of Hedgehog.

By Oxuprietp THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Aithechinus angole, sp. 0.

General characters of 4. frontalis, but markedly smaller.

Colour of the type about as in average examples of

ZEB. frontalis ; the dorsal spines tipped with whitish ; the

crown, cheeks, and throat white, the belly black. Dorsal

spines about half whitish, then black, with a light tip. No

dependence can, however, be placed on colour, as not only

does frontalis vary enormously in this respect in single

localities, but, from what Bocage says, the same is evidently

true of angole. The spines of the back are 19-20 mm. in

length, and those of the crown about 22 mm.

Skull essentially as in frontalis, but smaller. The marked

longitudinal groove along the frontal suture, present in

every one of fifteen skulls of fronéalis, is not, however,

perceptible in the type of angole. There is also much less

distance at the sides of the nasals between the tips of the

premaxillary and frontal processes than is usual in jrontalis.

The distance is only 2°2 mm. in angole, while it is commonly

5-6 mm. in frontalis. This is, however, a variable character

in all hedgehogs.

Four new Species of Hedgehog. 231

Dimensions of the type :—

Hind foot (s. u.) 27°5 mm.; ear 26 (measured on spirit-

specimen).

Skull: condylo-basal length 46 ; zygomatic breadth 28°7 ;

nasals 13x 2°4; interorbital breadth 14; intertemporal

breadth 11°83; postglenoid breadth 21°3; palatal length 26°5 ;

upper tooth-series 23°3 ; combined length of p*, m’, m* 11.

Hab. Benguella, Angola.

Type. Adult male with worn teeth (in spirit). B.M.

no. 64. 8.16.4. Collected and presented by F. F. Monteiro,

Esq.

This hedgehog is that described by Dobson * as Evinaceus

diadematus, Fitz., but, as Anderson has shown, certainly

cannot bear that name, which is a synonym of Atfelerix¢

albiventris. Further additional details about the type-

specimen may, however, be found in Dobson’s account.

Bocage’s notice + of the Angolan hedgehog confirms its

small size, for he speaks of an adult female with a hind foot

only 25 mm. in length.

Ateleriz spinifex, sp. n.

Near A. spiculus, but smaller.

External characters about as in spiculus, but with shorter

foot. Ears whitish brown. Ends of spines drabby instead

of white, but this may not be natural. Dorsal spines about

16-17 mm. in length, their basal and terminal thirds drabby,

their middle third blackish.

Skull characterized by its small size, small brain-case,

narrow conical muzzle, and widely and angularly expanded

zygomata, No median groove on forehead.

Hind foot of type 24 mm. ; ear (moistened) 23.

Skull: condylo-basal length 40; zygomatic breadth 25'8 ;

nasals 11x23; interorbital breadth 12°8 ; intertemporal

breadth 9:1; postglenoid breadth 20; palatal length 23 ;

upper tooth-series 20°5 ; combined length of p*, m', and m?

9°3; breadth of m’ anteriorly 3:7.

Hab. of type. Illela, 95 miles north of Sokoto, Nigeria.

Type. Adult male with worn teeth. B.M.no. 4.1.14.1.

Collected May 1903, and presented by Capt. P. S. Lelean.

One specimen.

The Museum possesses now several further examples,

presented by Messrs. Fox and Langslow-Cock, of the North

* Mon. Insect. p. 10 (1882).

+ J. Sci. Lish. (2) i. p. 25 (1889),

232 Mr. O. Thomas on

Nigerian hedgehog, and these are all very uniform with the

original series from near Lake Chad, having a skull-length

of about 43 mm., comparatively broad muzzles and evenly

expanded zygomata. The little specimen from north of

Sokoto, a fully adult male, appears therefore to be worthy

of specific separation. So far as I am aware, it is the

smallest hedgehog in the world.

Atelerix kilimanus, sp. n.

Allied to A. hindei, but smaller.

Colour essentially as in hindei, with a number of the dorsal

spines white-ended, while the majority have drabby ends

with the extreme tip dark. Hairy parts of body white, the

muzzle and feet dark brown. Spines of back about 19 mm.

in length, dark at their absolute base, then with a 5-mm.

white band, a rather longer blackish one, a 3-mm. sub-

terminal one, and a dark extreme point.

Skull of quite the same general shape as that of A. hindei,

broad, with comparatively short muzzle and evenly widely

expanded zygomata; in albiventris the skull is narrower,

the muzzle longer and more slender, and the zygomata less

expanded. In sotike the nasals are of unusual length, and

the species is perhaps more nearly allied to albiventris.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 174 mm.; tail 15; hind foot 25:5 ;

ear 20.

Skull: condylo-basal length 42 ; zygomatic breadth 28°3 ;

nasals 12°7 X 2°6 ; interorbital breadth 13°5; intertemporal

breadth 10°8; postglenoid breadth 22:2; palatal length

24:7 ; upper tooth-row 20:2 ; combined length of p", m', and

an" O:6,

Hab. Kilima-njaro. Type-series from Rombo, alt. 5300’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10.7.2.38. Original

number 11388. Collected 9th June, 1910, by Robin Kemp ;

presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq. Fourteen specimens.

The Kilima-njaro hedgehog is distinctly smaller than that

of Kitui, and may be distinguished even by the size of the

molars, the breadth of m’ (anteriorly) being in hindet about

4’4 mm., while in silimanus it is about a millimetre less.

Both are readily distinguishable from aldiventris by their

broader and more rounded skulls.

Paraechinus amir, sp. n.

Size about as in P. macracanthus. Colour and other

external characters very much as in that species, the head

Four new Species of Hedgehog. 233

and chin hoary grey, the limbs and belly greyish black.

Hars large, greyish white. Spines commencing in front on

a level with the hinder edge of the ears. Dorsal spines

elongate, about 37 mm. where longest, their surface rough,

as usual in this genus, the basal fourth or third white,

succeeded by a darker band 3-5 mm. in breadth, the

remaining portion half white, with the terminal half black.

None of the spines have light tips, and the general colour is

consequently blackish.

Skull without the peculiar elongate narrowness of those

of P.hypomelas and macracanthus, the zygomata about as

widely bowed in proportion to the size of the skull as they are

in P. blanfordi and grayi; the frontal regions also broader,

while the intertemporal “waist” is narrower and more

strongly marked. Nasals less strongly narrowed and pro-

longed posteriorly. Mesopterygoid fossa wider in front,

more narrowed behind. Pterygoids more inflated and more

approaching the extreme type found in P. ethiopicus, the

parapterygoid fossze consequently very shallow. In hypo-

melas and macracanthus these fosse are deeper and more

normal than in other species of Paraechinus. Bulle rather

higher than in the allied species.

Teeth apparently quite as in macracanthus.

Dimensions of the typical skull—the skin having no

measures recorded and being so made that none can be

taken :—

Greatest (condylo-basal) length 52 mm.; basal length 49 ;

zygomatic breadth 30°2 ; nasals 16X3°6; breadth across

postorbital processes 15°5; intertemporal breadth 11:7;

breadth across postglenoid processes 26°6; palatal length

27; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa 41; upper tooth-

series 25 ; combined length of p*, m', and m? 12.

Hab. Kandahar, Afghanistan.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 81.8.16.3. Collected

April 1881, and presented by Ceol. Chas. Swinhoe.

This specimen is that referred by Scully in 1881 * and

again by Wroughton in 19107 to Erinaceus macr acanthus,

but it appears to me certainly distinct. It has not the

peculiarly elongate non-constricted skull of that species,

while the structure of its pterygoids, a most characteristic

part in these animals, is more as in the other species of

Paraechinus.

* Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) viil. p. 224 (1881).

+ Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xx. p. 82 (1910).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 16

234 Dr. W. T. Calman on a new

XXV.—A new River-crab from the Transvaal.

By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A RIVER-CRAB recently sent for determination by Dr. E.

Warren, of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, appears to

be sufficiently interesting to merit brief description.

Potamon (Potamonautes) warreni, sp. n.

Description.—Resembling very closely P. perlatum (Milne-

Edwards), but having the antero-lateral margin of the cara-

pace armed with a series of abott eight curved spiniform

teeth. The first tooth stands at the end of the postfrontal

ridge ; the following teeth diminish in size (not quite regu-

Jarly) from before backwards, passing into a line of granules

that curves on to the dorsal surface. The surface of the cara-

pace and limbs is rather smoother than in most specimens of

P. perlatum, the postfrontal ridge, the margin of the front,

and the upper margin of the orbit are nearly smooth, but the

lower margin of the orbit is rather strongly toothed. |

Measurements.—

Thength ofcarapace; cise cicart ina titer 50

Greatest breadth of carapace. ...5....0:.2.:ee. 70

Width of front between orbits ................ 23°5

Walking-leg of second pair (not fully extended). . 85

Meropodite of second walking-leg ............ 80 X 11

Oceurrence.—“ Potchefstroom, Dr. Cawston, December

1917.” 1 2 carrying young (holotype). Brit. Mus.

Remarks.—lIt is possible that the specimen described above

may only deserve to rank as a varietal form of P. perlatum,

since it appears to differ from typical specimens of that species

only in the armature of the antero-lateral margins of the

carapace. This character, however, is so conspicuous, and

has been accorded such importance in the classification of the

family, that it seems advisable to call attention to it by a

specific name. .

I have examined, for the purpose of comparison, a con-

siderable series of P. perlatum from various localities in

South Africa, and in all the specimens the antero-lateral

margins are either finely granular or minutely denticulate,

the granules or denticles being not only very much smaller

but also much more numerous than the conspicuous teeth of

River-crab from the Transvaal. 235

the present species. Only in one instance is there anything

suggestive of a transition from the one type to the other ;

this is in the case of three specimens from an unspecifi d

locality in the Transvaal, in which the junction of the post-

frontal ridge with the antero-lateral margin is produced in a

small blunt tooth, behind which, however, the margin is only

obscurely granulated.

On any of the current schemes of classification for the

family Potamonide this species would be generically or sub-

generically separated from P. perlatum. Its antero-lateral

teeth are quite as well developed as in P, niloticum (M.-E.),

the genotype of Acanthothe/phusa, Ortmann, This name

— TANT cs a

\ < = : a ae.

‘ate

Potamon (Potamonautes) warrent, sp. n., holotype.

Outline of one-half of carapace from abeve.

was proposed for a subgenus of Potamon, afterwards merged

in Parathelphusa by Miss Rathbun, accorded generic rank by

Alcock, and now included as a subgenus of Hydrothe/phusa

by Bouvier (C. R. Acad. Sci. clxv. 1917, p. 620), owing its

separation in each case mainly to these antero-lateral teeth.

I believe, however, that Acanthothelphusa cannot be main-

tained—at all events, on the ground of this character alone.

Just as P. warrent is intimately related to its geographical

neighbour P. perlatum, so there is at least a hint that P. n7-

loticum may be related, though less closely, to some of the

river-crabs of Hast Africa, A comparison with P. johnstont

16%

236 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

(Miers), for example, shows a similarity in the disposition of

the grooves of the carapace, particularly in the marked trans-

verse branchial groove (or posterior branch of the cervical),

which suggests that the nearest relatives of P. niloticum need

not be sought for in distant parts even of the same continent.

If this be so, a similar argument applies with greater force

to attempts that have been made to trace a connexion between

the African Potamonidee and those of the New World.

Ortmann suggested that the South-American Pseudothelphu-

sine were linked to the Old-World river-crabs by this same

Acanthothelphusa nilotica. This conclusion was disproved by

Alcock, who showed that the affinities of the Pseudothelphu-

singe were with the Gecarcinucine, a group which probably

does not occur in Africa at all. Bouvier now suggests (C. R.

Acad. Sci. clxv. 1917, pp. 617 & 753) that the African

Acanthothelphusa (with Hrimetopus) forms a transition to the

other American subfamily, the Trichodactyline. Here, again,

the argument is greatly weakened if it can be shown that the

essential characters of Acanthothelphusa have been acquired

independently in different parts of Africa by various groups

of Potamonautes; nor am I yet convinced, any more than

were Ortmann or Alcock, that the Trichodactyline are

Potamonide at all.

XXVIL.—On the Papuan, Melanesian, and North-Australian

Species of the Genus Rana. By G. A. BouLENGER,

F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

HAVING recently undertaken a much-needed revision of the

south-easternmost representatives of the large genus Rana, I

feel able, thanks to the extensive material accumulated in the

British Museum since the publication of the ‘Catalogue of

Batrachians’ in 1882, to offer for consideration new views on

the delimitation of the species and on their synonymy, as well

as an attempt at a better classification of them.

The species fall under three groups, which may be regarded

as natural subgenera :—

1. Rana, s. str., represented by one species only, R. grun-

niens, Daud., a close ally of the widely distributed 2. macro-

don, D. & B., from which it differs in the absence of tooth-

like processes in the lower jaw and in the shorter tibia,

ers

Species of the Genus Rana.

a. Rana grunniens.

b. bufoniformis,

Cc. —— papua.

Lower view of foot and enlarged side view of tip of fourth toe.

237

233 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

2. Discodeles, n. n., for three species from the Solomon

Islands which differ from the preceding in the presence of a

horseshoe-shaped groove on the terminal dises of the toes, or

of the fingers also, which are thus divided into an upper and

a lower portion, the latter forming a more or less adhesive

pad, and in the web between the toes not penetrating far

between the outer metatarsals *,

3. Hylorana, ‘I'schudi, agreeing with the preceding in the

groove on the digital discs, but differing in the outer meta-

tarsals being separated nearly to the base. Five species are

referred to this subgenus fT.

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. Rana.

Vomerine teeth behind the level of the choans, in long and strong

oblique series; head a little broader than long ; canthus rostralis

very obtuse ; tympanum 3 to 3 diameter of eye; first finger much

longer than second; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye;

heels meeting when the limbs are folded at right angles to the

body; tibia a little over 2 to 25 times in length from snout to

vent; toes with the tips dilated into small discs, webbed to the

dises ; no glandular dorso-lateral fold ; nasal bones large and in

contact with each other and with the frontoparietals ; omosternum

forked at the base; male without secondary sexual characters.

1. RB. grunniens, Daud.

II. Discodeles.

Vomerine teeth behind the level of the choane, in short and strong

series ; tongue with an obtuse papilla in the middle ; head broader

than long; canthus rostralis obtuse ; tympanum 4 to 3 diameter

of eye; toes with the tips dilated into small discs; glandular

dorso-lateral fold, if present, not confluent with the temporal ;

nasal bones large and in contact with each other and with the

frontoparietals ; omosternum forked at the base.

Vomerine teeth not extending outwards be-

yond the vertical of the inner edges of

the choanee ; fingers without dises, first

longer than second; tibio-tarsal articu-

lation reaching the temple; heels meet

or fail to meet; tibia 23 times in length

fiom snout to vent; toes 2 webbed;

* Several other species, from India (2. beddomr, Blgr., letthit, Blgr.,

semipalmata, Blgy.), belong to this subgenus, which leads to Cornufer,

Tschudi.

+ R. holsti, Blgr., from the Loo Choo Islands, originally described as

allied to “R. temporaria, L., should be referred to Hylorana, On the

cenus Babina, Van Denburgh, which has been proposed for it, of C. ht.

Ac. Sci. Paris, elxv. 1917, p. 989.

Species of the Genus Rana. 239

upper parts very warty; an interrupted

dorso-lateral fold ; belly granular; male

TEBETOWT .., « «:.'s' 014 shoddy oa eae aia 2. R. bufoniformis, Bley.

Vomerine teeth not extending outwards be-

yond the vertical of the inner edges of

the choane ; fingers without discs, first

not or but slightly longer than second ;

tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the

eye; heels meet or fail to meet; tibia

21 to 22 times in length from snout to

vent ; toes 2 to ? webbed ; upper parts

smooth or warty ; no dorso-lateral fold ;

belly feebly granular; male with in-

Bernal VOCAL SACS ines «rete e parsin el ociaiete 3. ER, opisthodon, Bley.

Vomerine teeth extending outwards beyond

the vertical of the inner edges of the

choane ; fingers with the tips dilated into

small discs, first longer than second ;

tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye

or the tip of the snout; heels meet or feebly

overlap; tibia 14 to 21 times in length

from snout to vent; toes $ to entirely

webbed ; skin smooth or feebly warty

above, smooth beneath ; no dorso-lateral

fold; male with external vocal sacs.... 4. R. guppyi, Bler.

UI. Aylorana.

Vomerine teeth between the choane or extending beyond the level of

their posterior borders, in oblique groups or short series; can-

4 thus restralis strong; tympanum 2 to ? diameter of eye; tips

of fingers and toes dilated into well-developed discs; glandular

dorso-lateral fold, if present, confluent with the supratemporal ;

nasal bones narrow, oblique, widely separated from each other and

from the frontoparietals; ethmoid largely exposed above, ex-

tending to between the nasals ; omosternum not forked at the base.

A. No dorso-lateral glandular fold ; head as long as broad or broader

than long; discs of toes not larger than those of the fingers ;

outer metatarsal tubercle absent or rather indistinct; tibio-

tarsal articulation reaching between eye and tip of snout, or

slightly beyond; heels feebly overlapping; tibia 1? to a little

over 2 times in length from snout to vent; male with an ex-

ternal vocal sac on each side of the throat and a large oval

eland on inner side of arm........ 5. R. arfaki, A. B. Mey.

B. A dorso-lateral glandular fold; head as long as broad or longer

than broad ; discs of toes larger than those of the fingers; outer

metatarsal tubercle present, rarely indistinct.

a. Male with a large external vocal sac on each side of throat and

a large oval gland on inner side of arm.

Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond tip

of snout; heels strongly overlapping;

tibia 14 to 1? times in length from snout

LORE) hee Coe Lp Oe eet EC TIOOED GER oo 6-2 6. RB. grisea, v. Kamp.

Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching eye or be-

tween eye and nostril; heels more or

240 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

less overlapping ; tibia 2 or a little over

2 times in length from snout to vent... 7. R. kreffti:, Blgyr.

b. Male with vocal sacs internal, exceptionally external but feebly

developed; no gland on inner side of arm.

Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching nostril, tip

of snout, or beyond; heels strongly over-

lapping; tibia 13 to 14 times in length

TPOMN SUOWE LO Vent cele): meets sieges te 8. R. papua, Less.

Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching eye or be-

tween eye and nostril ; heels feebly over-

lapping; tibia 2 to 2} times in length

fromisnout to Vent. <2 pas <cole smiles als eye 9, R. daemeli, Stdr.

SYNONYMY AND DISTRIBUTION.

1. Rana grunniens.

Rana grunniens, Daud. Hist. Rain, Gren. Crap. p. 65, pl. xxi. (1803),

and Hist. Rept. viii. p. 127 (1803); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. viii.

p. 880 (1841) ; Gimth. Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 10 (1858) ; Bouleng. Cat.

Batr. Ecaud. p. 23 (1882), and Tr. Zool. Soc. xx. 1914, p, 249.

Rana subsaltans, Gravenh. Delic. Mus. Vratisl., Batr. p. 35, pl. vii.

(1829).

Rana hydromedusa (Kuhl), Tschudi, Class. Batr. pp. 40, 80 (1888).

Rana macrodon (non D, & B.), van Kampen, Nova Guinea, ix., Zool,

p. 458 (1918).

Hab. Java(?), Amboina (type), and Datch New Guinea, |

2. Rana bufoniformis.

Rana bufoniformis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 210, and Tr.

Zool. Soc. xii. 1886, p. 47, pl. viii.

Hab. Solomon Islands (Treasury [type] and Faro).

3. Rana opisthodon.

Rana opisthodon, Bouleng, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 211, and Tr. Zool.

Soc. x1. 1886, p. 50, pl. x.

? Rana ventricosus, T. Vogt, Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. 1912, p. 8.

Hab. Solomon Islands (Treasury and Faro).—/?. ventri-

cosa, which, according to the description, differs only in

having the toes entirely webbed, is from Lambassa.

4, Rana guppy.

Rana guppyt, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 211, and Tr. Zool.

Soc. xii. 1886, p. 48, pl. ix.

Hab. Solomon Islands (Shortland [type], Faro, New

Georgia, Guadalcanar, Rubiana, Isabel).

Species of the Genus Rana. 24.1

5. Rana arfakt.

Rana arfaki, A. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 188; van Kampen,

Nova Guinea, v., Zool. p. 165 (1906), and ix., Zool. p. 36 (1909).

Limnodytes arfaki, part., Peters & Doria, Ann, Mus, Genova, xiii.

1878, p. 418.

Rana macroscelis, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) i. 1888, p. 345,

and Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xvili. 1898, p. 706; Roux, Abh. Senck.

Ges. xxxiii. 1910, p. 226; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xx. 1914, p. 249.

Rana waigiensis, van Kampen, Bijdr. Dierk. xix. 1913, p. 90, and Nova

Guinea, ix., Zool. p. 459, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1913).

Hab. New Guinea (type), Waigeou, and Aru Islands.

6. Rana grisea.

Rana grisea, van Kampen, Nova Guinea, ix., Zool. p. 460, pl. xi. fig. 3

(1913); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xx. 1914, p. 250.

? Rana nove-britannia, part., Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, li.

1901, p. 614.

Hab. Dutch New Guinea (Went Mts., 4200 feet [type ],

and Utakwa R., 2500-3000 feet).

7. Rana krefftiv.

Hylorana erythrea, part., Giinth. Cat. Batr. Sal. p. 73 (1858).

Rana kreffttz, Bouleng. Cat. Batr. Ecaud. p. 64, pl. iii. fig, 2 (1882), and

Tr. Zool. Soc. xii. 1886, p. 52.

? Rana nove-britannie, Werner, Zool. Anz. xvii. 1894, p. 155, and

Mitth. Zool. Mus. Berl. i. 1900, p. 111, fig.

Hab. Solomon Islands (San Christoval [type], Santa

Anna, Guadalcanar, Isabel).

Werner’s description of R. nove-britannie, from New

Britain, applies well to this species, except for the size of the

tympanum, stated to be nearly as large as the eye.

8. Rana papua.

Rana papua, Lesson, Voy. ‘Coquille,’ Zool. ii, p. 59, pl. vii. fig. 1

(18830); Boettg. in Semon, Zool. Forsch. p. 111 (1894); Méhely,

Term. Fiizet. Budapest, xx. 1897, p.410; van Kampen, Nova Guinea,

v., Zool. p. 164 (1906), ix., Zool. p.87 (1909), and p. 459 (1918) ;

Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xx. 1914, p. 250.

Limnodytes waigiensis, Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén, viii. p. 514 (1841).

Limnodytes papuensis, A. B. Mey. Mon. Berl. Ac, 1874, p. 52; Doria,

Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 396.

Limnodytes papua, Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii, 1878,

418,

Tepastieee arfakt, part., Peters & Doria, /. ¢. pl. vi. fig. 1.

942 Mr. O. Thomas on the

Rana papua, part., Bouleng. Cat. Batr. Ecaud. p. 64 (1882); Roux,

Abh. Senck. Ges. xxxiii. 1910, p. 224.

Rana arfaki, part., van Kampen, Bijdr. Dierk. xix. 1913, p. 90.

Rana fallax, van Kampen, Nova Guinea, ix., Zool. p. 459 (1913).

Hab. New Guinea and neighbouring islands (Waigeou

[type], Aru, Kei, Timor Laut, Fergusson, Murray, &c.).

I am unable to express an opinion on the specimens from

Jobi, referred to this species by Barbour, Mém. Mus. Comp.

Zool. xliv. 1912, p. 65, pl. v. fig. 15, in which the male is

provided with a humeral gland.

9. Rana daemel’.

Hylorana erythrea, part., Giinth, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xx. 1867,

. 56.

Hylorana daemeli, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lvii. i. 1868, p. 532, pl. —.

Hylarana nebulosa, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ii. 1877, p. 137.

Rana papua, part., Bouleng. Cat. Batr. Ecaud. p. 64 (1882), and Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvi. 1885, p. 887; Roux, Abh. Senck. Ges.

xxxill. 1910, p. 224.

Hyla nobilis, De Vis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. 1. 1884, p. 129.

Rana daemeli, Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. 1901, p. 14;

Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xx. 1914, p. 250.

Rana nove-guinee, van Kampen, Nova Guinea, ix., Zool. p. 87, pl. il.

fig. 5 (1909), and p. 459 (1918).

Hab. Northern Queensland (type) and New Guinea.

XXVII.—Some Notes on the small Sand-Fowes of North

Africa. By OLvDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WHILE attempting to determine a small fox from Nigeria

presented some years ago to the National Museum by Mr. (now

Sir John) Eaglesome, I have come upon certain points in the

nomenclature and relationships of what Mr. de Winton * has

called the “ sand-foxes”’ which it seems advisable to record

tor the saving of future trouble.

The species dealt with are three in number—namely, the

widely distributed animal usually known as Vulpes famelica,

the smaller V. pallida of the Egyptian Soudan, and the true

Hennec.

* P,Z.S. 1899, p. 544.

small Sand-Fowxes of North Africa. 243

With regard to the last-named, I have again studied the

account given by Skidldebrand * of the animal he calls

“ Vulpes ? minimus saarensis,’ with a view to determining if

that name would have to be adopted. For, if it would, very

serious results might follow as to the generic name of the

common foxes, owing to the fact that no earlier use is valid

of the genus name Vulpes, of which the fennec would there-

fore be the type, to the exclusion of the common fox, usually

called Vulpes vulpes. Palmer fF has given the Pacis, hae

owing to his accepting the earlier Vulpes of Frisch, now

generally rejected, the importance of the status of Skidlde-

brand’s name does not appear.

But I think the latter may be rejected as being merely a

Latin rendering of “small Saharan fox,” for the author says

he does not know which Linnean genus to put bis animal

into, as he has not been able to examine its teeth. He there-

fore, by his own showing, uses no genertc name, but calls it by

a combination which is not on the binomial system at all, and

1s polynomiat and therefore invalid. Moreover, no Vulpes

minimus existed, of which saarensis could have been taken as

a varietal or subspecific addendum, as we are accustomed to

do in the case of Kerr’s and other early authors’ trinomials.

Fennecus zerda, Zimm., should therefore be the name of the

fennec, thus leaving Vulpes, as a generic name, available for

the true foxes, with V. vulpes as genotype.

Passing to the more fox-like species, the first name to be

considered is Schinz’s Canis riippelli }, of which Mr.de Win-

ton says that it has been “ generally referred” (I do not

know by whom) to Riippell’s Canis famelicus, but that he

“has no hesitation” in assigning it to Canis pallidus. I

regret that in this conclusion I am quite unable to agree

with him.

Schinz based his name on specimens sent by Riippell from

Dongola, in the Nubian desert, seen ny him in the Frankfort

Museum, so that the Cretzschmar descriptions of Riippell’s

animals would include the type or co-types of riippeli. Now

from Cretaschmar’s account it appears that famelicus was

represented by seven specimens w hich had been obtained

partly in the niibischen Wiisten ’? (in which Dongola lies)

and partly in Kordofan, quite a distinct locality, while the

three examples of pallidus were all from Kordofan, the

* K. Vet.-Ak. [landl. xxxviii. p. 265 (1777).

{ Index Gen, Man. p. 708 (1904).

{ Cuv. Thierr, iv., Supp. p. 508 (1825).

244 On the small Sand-Fowxes of North Africa.

species not oceurring further north. Thus Schinz’s Dongola

is only applicable to the famelicus.

Furthermore, while the description given of the colours is

equally applicable to either, the statement “ Schwanz linger

als der Kérper” is quite decisive of the question, for, while

the tail is about the length of the body in famelicus, it is quite

conspicuously shorter in pallidus, as is shown by Riippell’s

measurements of the specimens described.

I feel, therefore, so sure of this conclusion that I propose

to call the larger species, with long white-tipped tail, Vulpes

riippelli, in place of V. famelica, leaving pallida for the

smaller species with short black-tipped tail.

And it would appear from de Winton that earlier authors

have come to the same conclusion, although they have not

seen the necessity of superseding famelicus by riippelli. The

Somali form of rippelldis subspecifically distinguished below.

Next comes V. dorsalis, Gray, from Senegal, placed in this

group by de Winton, who synonymizes Rochebrune’s V. ed-

wardst with it.

The type of dorsal’s is a mere puppy, but by extracting

the germ of its first upper molar I am able to form a judg-

ment as to where the species belongs. This tooth is no less

than 10 mm. in antero-posterior length, which shows at once

that the animal is not one of these small foxes at all, but

would have attained the size of one of the large true foxes.

It is therefore probably related to V. nilotica and atlantica.

The corresponding measurement in réppelli is rarely 8 mm.,

and in pallida 7-7°3 mm.

As a consequence, Rochebrune’s V. edwards: will be valid

as a name for the small Senegal fox, which I believe to be a

local subspecies of V.pallzda ; and I should provisionally refer

the Nigerian fox to the same western subspecies.

The following seems worthy of a special subspecific

name :—

Vulpes riippelli somalia, subsp. n.

Size and other essential characters as in true réiippell’, but

the back greyer, the median dorsal line less prominent and

less strongly ochraceous, while the area on each side of it is

more definitely grey—even blue-grey. Fur rather shorter

and coarser, without the extreme softness characteristic of the

Egyptian animal.

Dimensions of type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 445 mm.; tail 345; hind foot 120;

ear LOO.

Ona new Genus of Asiatic Curculionide. 245

Skull: greatest length 109; condylo-basal length 106 ;

front of canine to back of m? 49°5; antero-posterior diameter

of m' externally 7.

Hab. N. Somaliland. Type from near Berbera.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 97. 8.9.10. Original

number 1. Collected 3rd December, 1896, and presented by

Dr. A. E. Atkinson. Five specimens examined.

There is always much variability in the colour of these

foxes, but the harsher fur, the increase in the grey of the

sides of the back, and the decrease of the ochraceous along the

Spine are so generally characteristic of the Somali specimens

in comparison with the Hgyptian as to make a subspecific

name for the former advisable.

XX VIII.—Platymycterus, a new Genus of Asiatic Curculio-

nidz (Coleopt.). By Guy A. K. Marsuatt, D.Sc.

Tux genus Corigetus, Desbr:,* belongs to Lacordaire’s group

Cyphicerides, and, as defined by Faust (Stett. Ent. Zeit.

1880, p. 67), comprises a number of Oriental species. As it

stands at present, it obviously contains various discordant

elements, and will no doubt eventually be broken up into

several genera. It is here proposed to separate off from it

a small and homogeneous group of species that are related

to Corigetus fee, Fst., a native of Burma and Assam.

PLATYyMYCTE RUS, gen. Nov.

Rostrum broad, almost flat above and lying in the same

plane with the forehead, the sides straight or only slightly

dilated at the apex ; the scrobes short, apical and completely

dorsal. in position, subtriangular, broadly and abruptly de-

limited behind, the basal width almost equal to the length,

and the space between them equal to or less than half the

width of the forehead ; the process forming the covering of

the antennal socket convex, bare and shiny, appearing almost

as if it were the actual condyle of the antenna; the epistome

short, deeply and angularly emarginate in front, its hind

margin forming a low rounded ridge, not sharply carinate,

the angle being a right angle or less and ending a little

* Desbrochers, ‘Abeille,’ xi. 18738, p.746 (1874); Faust, Deut. Ent. Zeit.

1885, p. 167; Reitter, Deut. Ent, Zeit. 1900, p. 62.

246 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on a

behind the middle of the serobes ; mandibles each bearing

three sete ; mentum with two long and four shorter setz.

Prothorax strongly narrowed from base to apex, the sides

almost straight or but slightly rounded, not constricted at

the base or apex, the base very deeply bisinuate ; the post-

ocular lobes very feeble or obsolete, with a fringe of short

vibrissee ; the front cox only slightly nearer to the front

margin of the prosternum than to the hind, Elytra with

very oblique shoulders; mmsects winged. Corbels of hind

tibiee entirely open and without any internal carina.

In addition to the genotype, P. fee, Fst., three other

previously described species must be included in this genus,

namely, Corigetus armiger, Fst., C. turkestanicus, Fst., and

Platytrachelus marmoratus, Fst. (Corigetus kirghisicus, Fst.),

all from Central Asia.

Corigetus (sens. str.) was founded on a Siberian species,

C. marmoratus, Desbr., and will probably prove to be a

purely Palearctic genus. From Platymycterus it differs

principally in the structure of the rostrum. The scrobes

are not so entirely dorsal in position, being linear (more than

twice as long as broad), extendimg for fully half the length

of the rostrum and becoming gradually shallower behind,

without any abrupt transverse delimitation ; the upper edge

of the scrobe is carinate and curves round to the middle of

its base, thence running back towards the middle of the

front margin of the eye ; the scrobes are widely separated,

the space between them being four-fifths the width of the

forehead; the hind margin of the epistome is sharply cari-

nate ; the mentum bears only four sete ; the upper surface

of the rostrum is strongly raised behind and stands high

above the depressed and flattened forehead ; the prothorax

is not subconical, the sides being rounded and constricted

near the base and apex.

In Cyrtepistomus, Mshl. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xii,

1913, p. 186), and Cyphicerus, Schh., the scrobes are ill-

defined posteriorly ; the prothorax is not or only slightly

narrower at the apex than at the base, the basal margin

being subtruncate or very shallowly bisinuate ; in the former

genus the mentum bears four sete, in the latter it bears only

two and the corbels of the hind tibiz contain a well-marked

carina.

The following is a key to the species at present known

to me :—

1 ( 6). Joint 2 of funicle longer than 1.

2( 5). Colour green below and brown or grey

above, with a green patch round the

3 ( 4).

4 ( 3).

5 ( 2).

6( 1).

7 (12).

8 (9).

11 (10).

14 (18).

15 (16).

16 (15).

new Genus of Asiatic Curculionide. 247

scutellum ; the faint transverse carina

on the rostrum that limits the inter-

scrobal area behind straight or only

slightly angulated.

The carina and furrows on the rostrum

well developed; the shoulders of the

elytra obtusely angulated and promi-

nent; the spiculum of the male geni-

talia very slender, no thicker than the

struts of the median lobe............

The furrows on the rostrum yery shallow

and the carinz much reduced; the

shoulders rounded and much less pro-

minent; the spiculum stout, nearly

three times as broad as the struts ..

Colour uniformly green; the transverse

carina on the rostrum strongly angu-

lated and the furrows deep..........

Joint 2 of funicle equal to or a little

shorter than 1.

The scaling on the intervals of the elytra

broken up by irregular bare transverse

lines.

The distance between the two discal

caring on the rostrum at the base but

little greater than the space between

each carina and the eye nearest to it,

the central carina indistinct and hidden

by scales; strize on the elytra quite

straight and regular

FDS) 6:18, STON OC e ALS SO) 8

. The distance between the curine at least

twice as great as that between each

carina and the adjacent eye; the cen-

tral carina distinct and bare ; some of

the striz on the elytra rather wavy or

irregular.

tostrum evidently shorter than its basal

width and slightly widened at the

apex ,

Rostrum almost as long as its basal width,

gradually narrowed from base to apex,

its sides quite straight

ote Bs 6) 9, .6,0/ eeteney wig,

. Scaling on intervals of elytra continuous,

. Colouring grey or brown ; shoulders pro-

minent, the humeral slope forming a

well-marked angle with the side of the

PIOMMOTAR Ties ss oa pee

Colouring uniform metallic green ; shoul-

ders reduced, the humeral slope form-

ing almost a continuous line with the

Sea, Fst.

deceptor, sp. 0.

himalayanus, sp. 0.

marmoratus, Fst.

armiger, Fst.

turkestanicus, Fst.

Meastus, sp. n.

kashmirensis, sp. n.

sjostedti, sp. n.

248 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on a

1. Platymycterus fee, Fst.

Corigetus fee, Fst. Ann. Mus. Ciy. Genova, xxxiy. 1894, p. 201

(1895).

Burma; Assam.

2. Platymycterus deceptor, sp. n.

&. Black, the upper surface covered with dense brownish-

grey scaling, except for a small spot of metallic green on

and round the scutellum; the lower parts and the apex of

the elytra entirely metallic green, that colour extending =

to the 6th stria on the basal half of the elytra, and as far a

the 4th on the upper part of the declivity ; the prothoeee

with a narrow bare central line, and an indistinct broader

thinly-scaled stripe on each side ; ; legs with grey scales

having a coppery reflexion.

Head with a very shallow transverse impression across the

forehead; the central fovea deep and the rostral carina con-

tinued distinctly up to it. Rostrum about as long as broad,

its sides almost ‘straight and parallel, the space between the

scrobe and the eye much longer than the scrobe, the upper

surface with the central carina low and bare throughout,

the furrows very shallow, the two discal carine feeble,

strongly divergent behind and running almost to the inner

margin of the eye, the anterior transverse carina evanescent,

Antenne with the joint 2 of the funicle about one-fourth

longer than 1. Prothorax as long as its width at the apex,

gently convex longitudinally, slightly rounded at the sides,

with deep separated punctures and a narrow impunctate

central line in the basal half. Hlytra with the shoulders

reduced and very obliquely rounded ; the punctures in the

dorsal striz deep and closely set, but diminishing behind,

those in the lateral striz smaller and more widely separated,

each puncture containing a minute recumbent seta; a shal-

low transverse impression across the base, the intervals

almost flat, much broader than the striz,and each with a

row of short scale-like recumbent sete.

The 8th abdominal tergite of the g with the sculptured

dorsal area transversely pat Se and bounded in front by

a distinct dark carina; the apical excavation very deep,

both its upper and lower edges deeply sinuate. The wdeagus

with a very long narrow cylindrical sac, which in repose is

folded twice on itself and is one-third longer than the struts

of the median lobe, only the terminal half being closely set

with minute spines; the spiculum is very stout, Deing nearly

new Genus of Asiatic Curculionide, 249

three times as thick as the median struts, while the stalk of

the tegmen is about as broad as the broadest part of the

latter.

Length 53 mm., breadth 24 mm.

Inpia: W. Almora Division, Kumaon, vil. 1917 (H. G.

Champion).

Extremely similar to P. fee, which it quite resembles in

form and colour; but, apart from the characters mentioned

in the key, that species differs in the following respects :—

The forehead is simply flattened and not impressed, and the

central carina of the rostrum does not extend on to it; the

eyes are slightly less convex ; the prothorax is rather nar-

rower in front, so that the length is greater than the apical

width, and the bare central line is more rugosely punctate ;

the punctures on the elytra are rather larger and less closely

set; the 8th abdominal tergite of the g ‘has no transverse

impression or carina; the cylindrical sac of the edeagus is

not longer than the much more slender median struts, and

is clothed with spines for four-fifths of its length beyond the

median lobe ; the external angles at the apex of the median

lobe are more obtuse, and the central process is more blunt.

3. Platymycterus himalayensis, sp. n.

3 ?. Extremely similar in structure to the two foregoing

species, but readily distinguished superticially by the uniform

green colouring of the whole body.

In P. fee the eyes are almost as broadly rounded behind

as in front, and the wrinkles on the sides of the rostrum are

quite longitudinal, whereas in the present species the eyes

are markedly narrower behind and the wrinkles on the

rostrum are distinctly oblique. It differs also in having the

sulci of the rostrum noticeably deeper, and the transverse

carina behind the interscrobal area is strongly angulated ;

the punctures on the prothorax are less numerous, aud the

postocular lobes are a little more evident. In the 8th

abdominal tergite of the ¢ the upper edge of the apical

excavation forms a much more obtuse granulate ridge,

which is much less deeply sinuated. In the male genitalia

the spiculum is very stout (as in P. deceptor); the uneverted

sac extends for about one-third its length beyond the struts

of the median lobe and is broadly inflated at about two-

thirds its length, thence tapering rapidly to the apex; the

clothing of spines is confined mainly to the distal half and a

patch close to the median lobe.

Length 64 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Inpia: Kulu, Punjab.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 17

250 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on a

4. Platymycterus marmoratus, Fst.

Platytrachelus marmoratus, Fst. Hor. Soe. Ent. Ross. xvi. 1882

p. 3803. be.

Corigetus khirgisicus, st. Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1885, p. 170.

TRANSCASPIA.

5. Platymycterus armiger, Fst.

Corigetus armiger, Fst. Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1885, p. 178.

EK. Boxuara.

6. Platymycterus turkestanicus, Fst.

Corigetus turkestanicus, Fst. Deut, Ent, Zeit. 1885, p. 174.

7. Platymycterus mestus, sp. n.

?. Colour black, with dense sandy grey or brownish

scaling above and below. Sometimes with a faint pinkish

metallic reflexion ; three very indistinct darker stripes on

the prothorax.

Head with the eyes much flatter than in any other species.

Rostrum as long as broad, the sides straight and almost

parallel, the scrobe evidently shorter than the space between

it and the eye, the dorsal sulci moderately deep, the two

discal carinz only slightly diverging behind, the base of each

being a little nearer to the eye than to the central carina,

the lateral area in front of the eye longitudinally wrinkled.

Antenne with the two basal joints of the funicle equal.

Prothoraz with the sides straight from the base for four-

fifths the length, then slightly curved in at the apex, the

apical width about equal to the length of the side, the basal

margin not quite so deeply sinuate as in P. fee and the

postocular lobe distinetly more pronounced; the punctation

closer, but partly concealed by the very dense scaling, with

a rounded impression on each side behind the middle and

no denuded central line, the longitudinal outline almost

flat. Hlytra with well-marked angulate shoulders, the

humeral slope forming a strong angle with the side of the

prothorax; the punctures in the striz narrow and elongate,

each containing a minute recumbent seta, strie 5 and 6

almost or quite uniting at the base; the intervals gently

convex, with short recumbent scale-like sete,

Length 6-7 mm., breadth 23-3 mm.

Inp1a (no exact locality).

new Genus of Asiatic Curculionids. 251

8. Platymycterus kashmirensis, sp. n.

?. Colour black, with uniform metallic-green scaling

above and below.

Like a very small specimen of P. himalayensis, but

differing as follows:—The eyes almost equally rounded in

front and behind; the discal carine on the rostrum sub-

parallel and no trace of a transverse carina; the antennze

with the two basal joints of the funicle equal, and the scape

clothed only with hair-like scales; the prothorax more

transverse, the apical width being slightly greater than the

length of the side, the apical margin distinctly sinuate in

the middle, the basal sinuations less deep, the upper surface

more closely punctate and with a small rounded impression

on each side behind the middle; the elytra with the shoulders

less prominent, the striz very closely and finely punctate,

stria 6 ceasing at some distance from the base, the intervals

almost flat.

Length 33-5 mm., breadth 14-24 mm.

Kasumir: Sonamarg, 8000 feet (7. R. D. Beil).

9. Platymycterus sjéstedti, sp. n.

$ ?. Colour dark piceous, with dense metallic-green

scaling above and below; the head and legs generally pinkish,

and sometimes there is a flush of the same colour on the dise

of the elytra.

Head with forehead much broader than in any other species,

the frontal width being twice as great as the length of the

eye. Rostrum a little broader than long, somewhat dilated

anteriorly, the gene being rounded, the space between the

eye and the hind margin of the scrobe oply slightly longer

than the scrobe itself, the dorsal area impressed, its lateral

carinz subparallel or slightly divergent behind, the lateral

area with deep oblique wrinkles in front of the eye. _An-

tenne with joint 1 of the funicle slightly longer than 2,

Prothoraxe broader than long, strongly narrowed from base

to apex, the sides almost straight, the upper surface with

numerous separated punctures plainly visible through the

scaling and a faint fovea on each side behind the middle,

without any trace of a central carina. Hlytra with the

shoulders very much reduced, the sides subparallel from

there to beyond the middle, the apices slightly divergeut,

the strize with narrow elongate separated punctures which

1 (iad

252 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

scarcely diminish behind, the suture slightly elevated behind,

and the peso declivity steep.

Length 53-61 mm., breadth 23-3 mm.

Inpta: ener Dun, United Provinces (Ollenbach) ; Pusa

(Pusa Coll.) ; and Chota Nagpur, Bengal (Cardon).

Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjéstedt, of Stockholm, to

whom I have been indebted for the loan of numerous types

in the past.

XXIX.— Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamily

Pyraustine. By Sir Greores F.:Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S.,

&e.

{Continued from p. 136,]

(336) Lamprosema inglorialis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey-brown; palpi blackish,

whitish in front towards base and the 3rd joint whitish; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with brown.

Fore wing pale grey-brown faintly tinged with reddish and irrorated

with darker brown; an indistinct curved dark antemedial line; a

narrow blackish discoidal lunule; a sight dark terminal line; cilia

grey-brown with a fine whitish line at base. Hind wing pale grey-

brown faintly tinged with reddish and irrorated with darker brown ;-

a slight dark terminal line; cilia pale grey-brown with a fine

whitish line at base; the underside white tinged with brown.

Hab. Camrroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 13,19 type. Hap.

26 min.

(38 a) Lamprosema hottentota, n.n.

Nacoleia fusalis, Hmpsn, A. M. N. H. (8) ix. p, 442 (1912); nee Thysano-

desma fusalis, Warr, A. M. N. H. (6) xvii. p. 142 (1896).

Hab. Carr Conony.

(40 a) Lamprosema svezeyi, n.n.

Omiodes meyricki, Svezey, Honolulu Sugar Planters’ Bull. v. p. 24, fig:

(Aug. 1907); nec Merotoma meyricki, Swinh. (Jan. 1907),

Hab. Hawa.

(46 a) Lamprosema lateritialis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow tinged with rufous; palpi

white in front at base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustinee. 253

white tinged with fulvous yellow. Fore wing fulvous yellow, the

inner half tinged with brown, the terminal half suffused with grey-

brown ; antemedial line rather diffused, brown, oblique, arising

below the costa; a small brown spot in upper part of middle of cell

and discoidal bar; postmedial line rather diffused brown defined on

outer side by yellowish, excurved to above vein 2, then retracted to

lower angle of cell and excurved above inner margin ; cilia whitish

at tips. Hind wing fulvous yellow tinged with brown, the costal

area white to beyond middle, the inner area whitish, the terminal

area suffused with brown except towards tornus; an oblique brown

discoidal bar; postmedial line rather diffused brown, arising below

costa, oblique to above vein 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell,

then oblique to submedian fold where it terminates; cilia whitish

at tips.

iy 1. More suffused with brown; fore wing with the costal

area yellowish, narrowing to the costal edge towards base.

Hab. Br. C. Arnica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 5 3, 5 @ type.

Eep. 26-30 mm.

Pupe@ in colonies in silken cocoons in rolled up leaves.

(57 b) Lamprosema chrysanthalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown mixed with some greyish,

the last with yellow dorsal patches except at base and extremity ;

antenne ringed with yellow; palpi yellow at base and with yellow

ring at extremity of 2nd joint; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen pale yellowish white, the fore tibize with black-brown

bands at base and extremity. Fore wing golden yellow; the basal

area dark brown mixed with some greyish; small obliquely placed

yellow subbasal spots in and below the cell; antemedial line black-

brown with some yellow before and beyond it on the costa and

defined on inner side by yellow below the cell, excurved to median

nervure and above inner margin and incurved in submedian inter-

space; the medial area with some dark brown suffusion below costa

conjoined to a large black-brown discoidal spot filled in with leaden

grey and with its upper extremity produced and a spot beyond its

lower extremity ; postmedial line black-brown, incurved below

costa, then waved to vein 5, then excurved to vein 2 on which it

is retracted to below end of cell, angled outwards at submedian

fold and oblique to inner margin; the terminal area with a large

irregular black-brown patch from costa to vein 4, its inner edge

dentate to the postmedial line beyond which it encloses yellow

spots, its outer edge incurved and enclosing a yellow patch on

termen between veins 7 and 5, a short subterminal streak on vein 3

and a bar from the postmedial line at vein 2 to inner margin; a

terminal series of black-brown bars; cilia intersected by black-brown

bars at and below apex, at veins 4 and 8, and with spots at base at

veins 2and 1. Hind wing golden yellow; a black-brown discoidal

254 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

spot and spot at middle of inner margin; a diffused spot beyond

lower angle of cell conjoined to the black-brown postmedial line,

which is excurved below costa, bent inwards between veins 6 and 5,

excurved to vein 2 where it is retracted with an upwards curve to

below end of cell, excurved at submedian fold and ending at vein 1

above a black-brown patch irrorated with greyish rather beyond it

on the inner margin and cilia; a black-brown subterminal band

from costa to vein 5, above which it expands into a patch, then

oblique to termen at vein 4; a curved mark from vein 2 before

termen to termen at vein 1, its outer edge rather dentate; a rather

lunulate black-brown terminal line, reduced to spots towards apex ;

cilia with a series of small black-brown spots at base, intersecting

them at veins 4 to 2.

Ab. 1. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some whitish ;

abdomen yellow suffused with red-brown and with dark segmental

lines; fore wing with the markings red-brown, the basal inner area

only red-brown at base, the antemedial line excurved below median

nervure, the discoidal spot with hardly a tinge of grey on it, the

subterminal patch on apical half not dentate to the postmedial

line; hind wing with the markings red-brown.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 6 5,2 2 type. Hxp.,

g 28-30, 2 38 mm.

(59a) Lamprosema flavizonalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark reddish brown, the head

with some yellow on vertex, the two basal segments of abdomen

golden yellow; palpi white towards base; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen yellowish white. Fore wing glossy dark reddish

brown with a very broad golden yellow postmedial band, its inner

edge bent inwards at inner margin to near the antemedial line; the

antemedial line black-brown defined on inner side by a narrow

yellow band, from subcostal nervure to inner margin; a diffused

yellow spot in end of cell. Hind wing golden yellow; some brown

at base; the terminal area glossy dark reddish brown, its inner

edge incurved below discal fold and with dark point before it on

vein 1; cilia white and brown.

Hab. Durcu N. Guryea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 2 type. Exp.

30 mm.

(70c) Lamprosema cervinicosta, sp. n.

Head white tinged with rufous, the frons browner, the palpi

rufous ; thorax and abdomen pure white; fore tibiz grey-brown at

base and extremity. Fore wing silvery white ; the costal area pale

grey-brown, leaving the costal edge white on medial area; the

terminal area pale grey-brown narrowing to a point at tornus;

antemedial line slight, brown and curved from the costal area to

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 255

vein 1; a small dark brown discoidal lunule ; postmedial line grey-

brown, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then almost obsolete

and retracted to lower angle of cell, then slight and obliquely

excurved to vein 1; cilia pale reddish brown with a fine whitish line

at base. Hind wing silvery white; a slight grey-brown discoidal

bar; postmedial line grey-brown, bent outwards between veins

5 and 2, then almost obsolete and retracted to below angle of cell

and faint to vein 1; a rather diffused grey-brown terminal line

except towards tornus.

Hab. CotomsBta, Choko, Juntas of R. Tamana and R. San Juan

(Palmer), 1 3 type, R. Tamana, El Tigre (Palmer), 192. Ezp.,

dg 32, 2 28 mm.

(70d) Lamprosema griseicosta, sp. n.

3. Head white tinged with rufous; thorax silvery white with

black-brown bars on the shoulders; abdomen white tinged with

rufous ; palpi black-brown, white tinged with rufous in front, the

3rd joint whitish; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

whiter, the fore tibiz with grey-brown band at extremity. Fore

wing silvery white, the costal area grey-brown; a faint brown ante-

medial line from cell to vein 1; a curved dark brown discoidal

striga ; postmedial line slight, grey-brown with a blackish bar at

costa, slightly angled inwards at vein 7, bent outwards and waved

from vein 5 to below vein 3, then retracted to below angle of cell

and excurved at submedian fold; a grey-brown terminal line.

Hind wing silvery white; a pale grey-brown postmedial line, bent

outwards and slightly waved from vein 5 to below vein 3, then

retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to above tornus; a

grey-brown terminal line except towards tornus.

Hab. Perv, Carabaya, Oconeque (Ockenden), 2 3 type, San

Domingo (Ockenden), 1 S$. Exp. 26-28 mm.

(70f) Lamprosema rufilinealis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with rufous, the

last with the anal segment black except the extremity of the anal

tuft ; palpi dark brown, white in front and with the extremity of

the 8rd joint white ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

white, the fore tibiz with dark band at extremity. Fore win

white, the costal area narrowly and the terminal area broadly pale

brownish rufous ; antemedial line brown tinged with rifous, erect ;

a brown discoidal bar tinged with rufous; postmedial line brown

tinged with rufous, slightly bent outwards between veins 5 and 8,

then bent inwards to lower angle of cell and erect to inner margin ;

eilia reddish brown and whitish with a whitish line at base. Hind

wing white, the terminal area pale brownish rufous, broadly at

256 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

costa, narrowing to tornus; a reddish brown discoidal bar ; post-

medial line reddish brown, at vein 3 retracted and almost obsolete

to lower angle of cell, then oblique to tornus; a dark brown ter-

minal line; cilia whitish at base, with dark brown line at middle

and white tips.

Hab. Ecvavor, Zamora, 1 d type. Exp. 28 mm.

(70h) Lamprosema monocamptalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white faintly tinged in

parts with pale red-brown, the last with black-brown band before

the anal tuft on which there are lateral black-brown streaks; palpi

pale red-brown, white at base; fore tibize with brown band near

extremity. Fore wing silvery white faintly tinged with pale red-

brown, the costal area pale red-brown leaving the costal edge white

on medial area; antemedial line red-brown, erect and almost

straight; a red-brown discoidal bar; postmedial line red-brown,

slightly bent outwards from vein 5 to above 2, then retracted and

almost obsolete to lower angle of cell, then erect to inner margin ;

a rather diffused red-brown terminal line; cilia white tinged with

red-brown and with red-brown line near base. Hind wing white

faintly tinged with pale red-brown; a red-brown discoidal bar ;

postmedial line red-brown, almost straight to vein 2, then retracted

and almost obsolete to lower angle of cell and oblique to tornus; a

pale red-brown subterminal shade; a fine red-brown terminal lne;

cilia white tinged with red-brown at base and tips and with darker

brown line near base.

Hab. CotompBta, Minea (H. H. Smith), 2 3 type, Don Amo

(H, H. Smith),2 8. Hap. 24-28 mm.

(73a) Lamprosema leuconephralis, sp. n.

®. Head white suffused with pale red-brown; thorax and abdo-

men silvery white; sides of frons and palpi black-brown, the latter

silvery white below; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

white faintly tinged with pale red-brown ; fore tibiz suffused with

black-brown above. Fore wing silvery white, the costal area pale

red-brown ; antemedial line pale red-brown, from cell to inner

margin; a small pale red-brown annulus in upper part of middle

of cell; reniform white defined by pale red-brown; postmedial line

pale red-brown, somewhat bent outwards and very slightly waved

between veins 5 and 2, then retracted and obsolescent to lower

angle of cell and slightly sinuous to inner margin; a diffused very

pale red-brown patch on terminal area below apex, then a very pale

red-brown terminal line; cilia white tinged with pale red-brown.

Hind wing silvery white; a faint pale red-brown discoidal bar;

postmedial line pale red-brown, slightly excurved at vein 5, then

oblique and slightly sinuous to vein 2 near termen, then retracted

and obsolescent to lower angle of cell and oblique to tornus; a

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 257

rather diffused pale red-brown terminal line and the cilia tinged

with pale red-brown except towards tornus.

Hab. Cotomsta, Choko, R. Siato, 1 2 type. Exp. 20 mm.

(78a) Lamprosema furcirenalis, sp. n

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale red-

brown, the tegule dorsally and shoulders with black-brown stripes,

the abdomen with small black subdorsal spots on 2nd segment ;

palpi white, the 2nd joint above and 38rd joint dark brown ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with pale red-

brown, the terminal half of fore tibie black. Fore wing whitish

suffused with pale red-brown, the costal area dark reddish brown to

end of cell; a minute black spot at base of vein 1; a red-brown

subbasal bar from the costal area to submedian fold and a small

black spot at inner margin; antemedial line black-brown, oblique

to discal fold, then erect and slightly sinuous; a black-brown

annulus in middle of cell and two discoidal bars approximated

below; postmedial line black-brown, incurved from below costa to

vein 5, then excurved to vein 2 where it is retracted to below angle

of cell and oblique to inner margin; the terminal area suffused

with red-brown to vein 4 and with slight red-brown shade from

the postmedial line at vein 2 to inner margin; a black-brown

terminal line. Hind wing whitish suffused with pale red-brown ;

a V-shaped black-brown *discoidal mark with an oblique black-

brown line from it to just above inner margin near tornus; post-

medial line black-brown, slightly bent outwards at vein 5 and

diffused from submedian fold to above tornus; a subterminal dark

brown shade from below costa to vein 4; a black-brown terminal

line.

Hab, Carr Cotony, Bedford (Mansell-Weale), 1 @ type.

Exp. 20 mm.

(S56) Lamprosema truncitornalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow tinged with red-brown

and slightly irrorated with fuscous; antenne ringed with black ;

frons at side and palpi black-brown, the latter with the basal half

white ; pectus, legs, and ventral sine: of abdomen white faintly

tinged with rufous, the fore tibize and tarsi banded black and white.

Fore wing yellow tinged with red-brown and irrorated with fuscous ;

some black on base of costa, some spots on terminal half of costa,

and a subbasal spot below costa; antemedial line blackish, waved ;

a blackish annulus in middle of cell; reniform defined by blaek

except below, its lower extremity produced with some blackish

irroration below it; postmedial line blackish, incurved ‘at discal

fold, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below

angle of cell and excurved to inner margin; a slight subterminal

blackish shade from costa to vein 5; a terminal black line, a line

258 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

near base of cilia and the tips of cilia blackish to vein 4. Hind wing

with the tornus truncate; yellow tinged with red-brown and irro-

rated with fuscous; a rather diffused blackish antemedial line

arising at upper angle of cell; postmedial line blackish, excurved

between veins 5 and 2 and ditfused towards tornus; a blackish

subterminal shade from costa to vein 8; a black terminal line and

line near base of cilia from apex to vein 2.

Hab. QuEENSLAND, Brisbane, Taylor Range (Dodd), 1 3 type.

Exp. 14 mm.

(946) Lamprosema strigivenalis, sp. un.

3. Head and thorax whitish tinged with ochreous and fuscous,

the patagia with black streak; abdomen whitish suffused with

fuscous, leaving pale segmental lines, the anal tuft with dorsal and

subdorsal blackish streaks; antenne whitish tinged with fuscous,

the basal joint black; palpi ochreous white with blackish marks

at sides of 1st and 2nd joints; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen ochreous white, the fore cox with black spots, the mid

femora and tibie with black spots and the tarsi ringed black and

white. Fore wing whitish suffused with ochreous; the costal edge

black towards base and a black spot at base of cell; a subbasal

black spot on inner margin; antemedial line blackish with a black

spot at costa, excurved at median nervure and angled inwards at

vein 1; a small rather elongate black annulus in middle of cell and

rather irregular black discoidal spot conjoined to a spot on costa ;

a spot below end of cell; the veins beyond the cell streaked with

black to the postmedial line, which is blackish with a black spot at

costa, angled outwards at vein 6 and inwards at discal fold, then

excurved to vein 3 on which it is retracted, then rather oblique and

angled outwards at vein 1; the terminal area with a black spot on

costa, rather triangular patch between veins 7 and 4, and patch

from below vein 3 to tornus ; a black terminal line; cilia chequered

ochreous white and black. Hind wing whitish suffused with fuscous

brown; a blackish terminal line; cilia whitish tinged with brown

and with brown line near base.

Hab. Ecuapor, Queredo, 1 g type. Hap. 16 mm.

(95a) Lamprosema niphosemalis, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown witha cupreous gloss, the

last with the anal segment and tuft white tinged with red-brown,

the anal segment dilated and flattened and the genital tufts large ;

palpi white in front to near extremity of 2nd joint; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white, the fore and mid

legs suffused with ochreous brown, the fore femora blackish above,

the tibiz black on terminal half and the tarsi banded with blackish.

Fore wing brown witha cupreous gloss; antemedial line indistinct,

brown, sinuous; a small white spot defined by dark brown in upper

Pyralids of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 259

part of middle of cell and white discoidal lunule defined by dark

brown ; postmedial line white defined on inner side by dark brown,

excurved at vein 6 and from vein 5 to 2, then retracted and erect

to inner margin; cilia white tinged with cupreous brown. Hind

wing brown with a cupreous gloss, whitish towards base; a brown

diseoidal bar and line from below angle of cell to inner margin;

postmedial line brown, incurved at discal fold, then oblique and

ending on vein 2 near termen ; a waved brown terminal line; cilia

whitish suffused with cupreous brown.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Mailu (Anthony), 1 3 type. Eup.

16 mm.

(97 c) Lamprosema ediproctalis, sp. n.

3. Head fuscous brown; thorax and abdomen whitish suffused

with red-brown, the latter with the anal segment dilated; palpi,

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with

brown, the fore tibize black above and the tarsi banded black and

white. Fore wing whitish suffused with brown, the veins slightly

streaked with brown and the costal edge black; an indistinct

diffused brown subbasal line; antemedial line brown, excurved

below median nervure and bent outwards to inner margin ; a brown

annulus in middle of cell and whitish discoidal lunule defined by

dark brown ; postmedial line dark brown defined on outer side by

whitish, excurved at vein 7, incurved at discal fold, then excurved

to vein 2, then obsolescent and retracted upwards to beyond lower

angle of cell and excurved at vein 1; the terminal area with a brown

shade to vein 3 and spot above tornus; a dark brown terminal line

to vein 2; cilia white at base, then pale brown, chequered with

white towards tornus. Hind wing white tinged with brown; a

sinuous dark brown line from upper angle of cell to inner margin ;

postmedial line rather diffused brown, incurved at discal fold,

excurved at vein 5, and ending at tornus; a brown terminal shade,

broad at costa and ending at vein 2; cilia white, chequered with

brown except at base.

Hab. Sotomon Is., Rendova I. (Meek), 1 3 type. zp.

18 mm.

(97e) Lamprosema platyproctalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown mixed with white,

the last with white segmental bands, the anal segment whitish,

dilated and flattened, the genital tufts ochreous white; antennze

ringed with blackish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

white, the legs banded with brown, Fore wing white irrorated

with red-brown, the costal area suffused with red-brown; a red-

brown subbasal shade; a blackish antemedial bar from costa; a

red-brown medial shade ; a white discoidal lunule defined by rather

diffused red-brown ; a diffused red-brown patch beyond lower angle

of cell; the terminal part of costa with blackish spots with white

260 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

between them; postmedial line red-brown, excurved from discal

fold to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and excurved

to inner margin, some diffused red-brown before it below costa; the

terminal area with red-brown shade to vein 3, small spot above

vein 2, and diffused spot at tornus; a waved dark terminal line

to vein 2; cilia chequered red-brown and white. Hind wing white

tinged with red-brown; a red-brown terminal line; cilia white

chequered with red-brown to vein 2.

Hab. Ki Is. (Kiihn), 1 3 type. Hep. 16 mm.

(97 7) Lamprosema flaviterminalis, sp. n.

3. Head whitish tinged with red-brown, some orange-red on

vertex ; thorax and abdomen bright red-brown, the latter with the

anal segment whitish tinged with red-brown ; palpi dark brown,

white in front and the 3rd joint white; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the legs tinged with red-brown. Fore

wing glossy bright red-brown, the termen narrowly and cilia

yellowish tinged with rufous. Hind wing glossy bright red-brown,

a terminal band and the cilia yellowish tinged with rufous.

Hab. Perv, R. Pacaya, 1d type. xp. 20 mm.

(16a) Sylepta disciselenalis, sp. n.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy grey-brown; palpi white

in front to near extremity of 2nd joint; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the legs tinged with brown. Fore wing

glossy grey-brown; a small pure white discoidal lunule ; a white

postmedial bar from vein 8 to discal fold formed by three conjoined

spots, then an indistinct dark line slightly defined on outer side by

whitish, excurved to below vein 3, then retracted to lower angle of

eell, and excurved above inner margin; cilia with a fine whitish

line at base. Hind wing glossy grey-brown; a small white post-

medial spot at discal fold, then an indistinct dark postmedial line

faintly defined on outer side by whitish, slightly bent outwards

between veins 5 and 2, then bent inwards to below end of cell and

somewhat excurved to inner margin; cilia with a fine white line

at base and whitish tips.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 3 5 type. Exp.

28 mm.

(50 c) Sylepta molybdopasta, sp. n.

3g. Grey-brown with a leaden gloss, the vertex of head with a

rufous tinge ; palpi rather darker brown, whitish at tips; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen with a whitish tinge. Fore

wing glossy grey-brown; a dark discoidal bar; postmedial line

indistinct, brown faintly defined on outer side by whitish, excurved

and very slightly waved from vein 6 to 2, then retracted to below

angle of cell and erect to inner margin; cilia with a fine white line

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. § 261

at base. Hind wing glossy grey-brown, the cilia with a fine white

line at base.

Hab. Bismarck Arcu., Rook I. (Meek), 1 dS type. Lup.

38 mm.

(50d) Sylepta subcyaneoalba, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark glossy brown ; palpi white

at base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the

legs tinged with brown, the fore tibiee brown except at extremity.

Fore wing very dark brown glossed with purple; a faint rather

diffused dark antemedial line; an indistinct dark discoidal bar;

postmedial line faint, dark and rather diffused, erect to vein 3,

then retracted to below end of cell and erect to inner margin; a

slight pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing very dark brown

glossed with purple; traces of a dark discoidal spot and diffused

postmedial line; a slight pale line at base of cilia. Underside of

fore wing with the basal area white tinged with blue except at

costa; hind wing white tinged with blue, the terminal area brown

to vein 3, the cilia brown.

2. Much paler and greyer brown, the wings with the markings

more distinct.

Hab. CaMERoons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 5 3,5 9 type. Eup.

38 mm.

(50h) Sylepta crenilinealis, sp. n.

Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous, the last with slight

brown segmental lines except at base ; pectus and legs white, the

legs tinged with rufous, the fore femora blackish above, the tibize

with black band at extremity, the tarsi rmged with black; ventral

surface of abdomen white banded with rufous. Fore wing pale

rufous ; antemedial line black, obsolescent at costa, oblique and

sinuous to submedian fold, incurved at vein 1 and oblique to inner

margin; a small black spot in upper part of middle of cell and

elliptical discoidal spot; postmedial line black, crenulate to below

vein 8, then retracted to below angle of cell and excurved below

submedian fold ; the terminal area darker reddish brown ; cilia with

a whitish line at base, the tips dark brown. Hind wing white

tinged with rufous, the terminal area pale reddish brown, narrowing

to a point at submedian fold; a small dark spot at lower angle of

cell ; postmedial line dark, waved to vein 5, then bent outwards and

crenulate to above vein 2, on which it is retracted, then excurved

to above tornus ; a black-brown terminal line; cilia white at base,

chequered black-brown and whitish at tips.

Hab. Dutcu N. Guinea, Snow Mts., Oetakwa R. (Meek), 1 9

type Herp. 40 mm.

(51a) Sylepta grisealis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey tinged with brown, a dorsal

black patch on anal segment, the anal tuft white with subdorsal

262 Geological Society.

black streaks ; palpi white towards base ; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the femora and tibiz tinged with brown,

the fore tibize with blackish band at extremity. Fore wing grey

tinged with brown; a slightly curved blackish antemedial line; a

narrow black discoidal lunule; postmedial line blackish, slightly

bent outwards and waved from vein 5 from above 2, then retracted

to below angle of cell and slightly sinuous to inner margin; cilia

whitish tinged with brown and with a blackish line at base. Hind

wing grey tinged with brown; an oblique black discoidal bar ;

postmedial line blackish, bent inwards and almost obsolete on

vein 2, then foblique to tornus; cilia whitish tinged with brown

and with a blackish line at base. Underside white, the fore wing

tinged with brown except on inner area.

Hab. Peru, La Mercede, Chanchamayo (Watkins), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 32 mm.

[To be continued. }

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

December 5th, 1917.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair,

A Demonstration on the Application of X-Rays to the

Determination of the Interior Structure of Micro-

scopic Fossils, particularly with reference to the

Dimorphism of the Nummulites, was given by E. Heron-

Allen, F.L.S., F.G.S., Pres.R.M.S., and J. E. Barnard, F.R.M.S.

Mr. Heron-AtteEN said that in the year 1826 Alcide @Orbigny

published among the innumerable, and for many years unidentified,

nomina nuda that compose his ‘Tableau Méthodique de la Classe

Céphalopodes’ the name Rotalia dubia. This species was left

untouched by Parker & Jones in their remarkable series of

articles ‘On the Nomenclature of the Foraminifera.’ The French

naturalist G. Berthelin was the first investigator to unearth and

make use of the ‘Planches inédites’ which had been partly

completed by d@’Orbigny for the illustration of his great work upon

the Foraminifera, a work that was never published. Working

with Parker & Jones’s paper, Berthelin made for his own use

eareful tracings of 246 of A. @Orbigny’s unfinished outline-

sketches. These sketches were never elaborated by d’Orbigny upon

the ‘Planches,’ which are still preserved in the Laboratoire de

Paléontologie under the care of Prof. Marcellin Boule; among them

was found the sketch of Rotalia dubia. On the death of Berthelin

the tracings passed into the possession of Prof. Carlo Fornasini

of Bologna, who reproduced them all in a valuable series of papers

published between the years 1898 and 1908. Fornasini’s opinion

Geological Society. 263

was that the organism depicted by d’Orbigny was doubtfully

of Rhizopodal nature, and that it was probably referable to the

Ostracoda. The speaker said that he had examined the d’Orbigny

type-specimens in Paris in 1914, and had noted that Rotalia dubia

was a worn and unidentified organism, resembling an Ostracod.

There the matter rested until Mr. Arthur Earland and the

speaker, while examining the material brought by Dr. J. J. Simpson

from the Kerimba Archipelago (Portuguese East Africa) in 1915,

discovered one or two undoubted Foraminifera of an unknown type,

which resembled Berthelin’s tracing. Prof. Boule kindly sent the

@Orbigny type-specimen to London, and the Rhizopodal nature

of Rotalia dubia was established. It is not a Rotalia, and it

must await determination until more specimens are obtained. It

has been named provisionally Pegidia papillata. There were two

or three forms of the organism, but only one perfect specimen of

the @Orbigny type; and it was undesirable to risk destruction by

cutting a section of it. In these circumstances Mr. Barnard was

approached, and he experimented with the object of ascertaining the

interior structure of the shell by means of the X-rays. His results

were extraordinarily promising, and led to further experiments.

The speaker showed on the screen photographs of the common

and dense Foraminifer Masstlina secans (d’Orb.), followed by a

skiagraph of the same. A skiagraph of the still denser test of

Biloculina bulloides d’Orb. shows the arrangement of the earlier

chambers as clearly as it is indicated in Schlumberger’s beautiful

sections. The application of X-rays to the dense imperforate shells

Cornuspira foliacea (Philippi) produced skiagraphs showing the

dimorphism of the shells, both megalo- and microspheric primordial

chambers being clearly distinguishable. Such results led to the

extension of the experiments to the agglutinated arenaceous forms,

of which sections are made with extreme difficulty. The skiagraph

of Astrorhiza arenaria Norman shows the internal cavities that

contained the protoplasmic body. Two arenaceous forms, Botellina

labyrinthica Brady and Jaculella obtusa Brady, that are almost

identical in external appearance, are distinguished at once by their

respective skiagraphs, the one exhibiting a simple tubular cavity,

the other appearing labyrinthic.

Mr. Barnard subsequently experimented on still more difficult

material. The massive Operculina complanata Defrance, the

umbilical portion of which is obscured by a mass of secondary

shell-substance, furnished a clear skiagraph that showed some

curious distortions of the internal septa. Similar results were

obtained in the case of Orbzculina adunea (Fichtel & Moll), another

species overladen with shell-matter. Cyclammina cancellata Brady

is an arenaceous form, composed of softer mud and sand, studded

with coarse sand-grains which make section-cutting almost an

impossibility. The skiagraphs, however, reveal the primordial

chamber, and establish the character of this form.

The determination of the Nummulites, depending as it does on

a knowledge of the internal structure of the test, is greatly

264 Geological Society.

facilitated by the application of X-rays, which removes the necessity

of splitting it or cutting sections through it.

The speaker showed ordinary photographs and skiagraphs, made

at slightly varying azimuths, of Nwmmulites levigata and N. vario-

laria, forms that strew the shores of Selsey Bill. <A particularly

notable result was obtained in the case of WV. gizehensis, an

organism that forms the dense masses of Nummulitic Limestone

of which the Pyramids of Egypt and the Citadel at Cairo are

built.

Mr. Barnarp said that, although the utilization of X-rays to

determine the internal structure of various bodies was well known,

he was not aware that the method had been successfully applied to

small objects, such as Foraminifera. After he had begun his ex-

periments he found that M. Pierre Goby had done some work in

this direction in France, but the method as he described it is

surrounded with considerable mystery and elaboration of apparatus,

which appear quite unnecessary. The speaker’s results were

arrived at independently; in fact, they are really a side issue.

His original experiments were directed rather towards the use of

X-rays in obtaining magnified images, altogether apart from the

usual skiagraphie methods in which a shadowgraph is, in fact, all

that can be produced. The primary object has not yet been

achieved, although there is some reason to hope that it may

ultimately come to pass. The results shown by Mr. Heron-Allen

are obtained by quite simple means. A very narrow beam of

X-rays, such as would be termed ‘a parallel beam’ when speaking

in terms of ordinary light, is allowed to impinge on the object,

the latter being in contact with the photographic plate. ‘The

negative produced is, therefore, of the same size as the object.

Photographic enlargement is then resorted to, and the result had

been shown on the screen. There are two points that require

careful attention to if success is to be achieved.

The quality of the X-rays must be suited to the object. In

nearly all cases of small objects, what are known as ‘soft’ X-rays

must be used, and the degree of softness is the evwa of the whole

matter. The photographic plate must be of exceedingly fine grain,

otherwise the amount of enlargement that can be obtained is very

limited. Difficulties in this direction have been overcome, and

Mr. Heron-Allen has stated that the results are of considerable

biological value.

Dr. A. Smite Woopwarp, F.R.S., V.P.G.S., exhibited a radio-

gram of the original slab of lithographic stone containing the

skeleton of Archeopteryx, made for the British Museum by

Dr. Robert Knox in 1916. It was evident that the penetrability

of the fossil bones to the X-rays was the same as that of the

surrounding matrix. The only portions of the skeleton visible

in the radiogram were those more or less raised above the general

surface of the slab. This result accorded with that obtained by

Prof. W. Branca when he similarly experimented with the Berlin

specimen of Archaeopteryx.

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CONTENTS OF NUMBER 3.—Ninth Series.

Page

XXII. Brief Descriptions of new sbigssel te) — IX. By

Riowinn 8. Bagwatz, FLL: ie eo eave ee ee “201°

XXIII. Notes on the Braconide in the British Museum.—III. On

new Australian Agathine. By Rowtanp E, Turner, F.Z.S.,

1 AS Ac eGR EMME hy CN eg Gn th Oat ache wins jh Se ohans sae 221

XXIV. Four new Species of Hedgehog, By Otprretp THomas .. 230

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XXVIII. Platymycterus, a new Genus of Asiatic Curculionide

(Coleopt.). By Guy A. K. Marsnart, D.Se....5.. 0. .0..00s «cee eee

XXIX. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamily Py-

raustine. By Sir Groner F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &. ........ 252 |

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THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[NINTH SERILES.]

No. 4. APRIL 1918.

XXX.—-Descriptions of New Pyralidze of the Subfamily Py-

raustine. By Sir Georce F. Hampson, Bart., I'.Z.8.,

&e.

[Continued from p. 262. |

(516) Sylepta brunnetterminalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some whitish;

abdomen yellowish tinged with rufous, a blackish band on 4th

segment, the four terminal segments blackish, the genital tufts

white; antennz brown; palpi black-brown, white in front to near

extremity of 2nd joint; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdo-

men white tinged with brown, the fore femora and tibize and mid

tibize above fuscous brown. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the base,

costal and medial areas suffused with red-brown, the terminal area

broadly dark reddish brown glossed with grey; a curved dark

brown antemedial line; dark brown spots at middle and end of

cell; postmedial line dark brown, rather oblique to diseal fold, bent

outwards between veins 5 and 8, then curved upwards to median

nervure before end of cell and oblique to inner margin; the inner

edge of the dark terminal area rather bent outwards between

veins 5 and 8; cilia glossed with leaden grey and with a fine

whitish line at base. Hind wing ochreous yellow, the basal area

suffused with brown, the terminal area broadly dark reddish brown

glossed with grey; a dark discoidal bar; postmedial line dark

brown, strong, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted

to lower angle of cell and oblique to inner margin ; the inner edge

of the dark terminal area bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 18

266 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

then incurved to tornus; cilia tinged with leaden grey and with

white line at base.

@. Abdomen ochreous yellow tinged with rufous throughout ;

fore wing with the basal and medial areas less strongly suffused

with red-brown ; hind wing without the brown suffusion at base,

the postmedial line rather angled outwards at vein 2.

Hab. 8. Niaerta, Llesha (Humfrey), 1 9; Br. E. Arnica,

N. Kavirondo, Maramas Distr., Itala (eave), 1 5 type. Exp.

24 mm.

(51 9) Sylepta proctizonalis, sp. n.

3. Head ochreous white, the antennz tinged with brown except

towards base, the frons and palpi ochreous tinged with rufous, the

latter white in front to near extremity of 2nd joint; thorax

ochreous tinged with rufous ; abdomen ochreous white, the terminal

segments ochreous tinged with rufous, with a black bar before the

anal tuft and point at extremity of the tuft; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with ochreous. Fore wing

ochreous yellow, the costal area tinged with rufous towards base ;

a curved blackish antemedial line; a blackish point in upper part

of middle of cell and black discoidal bar; postmedial line black,

forming a slight spot at costa, bent outwards from vein 5 to

above 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and excurved below

submedian fold; cilia blackish at base, white at tips. Hind wing

ochreous yellow ; an oblique blackish discoidal bar; postmedial

line black, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to

below angle of cell and oblique to above tornus ; cilia blackish at

base, white at tips.

Hab. C. Cutna, Chungking (Barry), 3 3 type. Hap. 30mm.

(51h) Sylepta ochrotichroa, sp. n.

3. Head ochreous white, the antenne tinged with brown except

towards base, the palpi ochreous, white in front to near extremity

of 2nd joint; thorax and abdomen ochreous yellow with a faint

rufous tinge ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,

the fore legs tinged with ochreous and with a brownish band near

extremity of tibia. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the base and costal

area to end of cell tinged with rufous; a ‘faint oblique sinuous dark

antemedial line, arising at subcostal nervure ; a minute dark spot

in upper part of middle of cell and discoidal bar ; postmedial line

indistinct, dark, bent outwards and slightly waved between veins 5

and 2, then Poracted to below end of cell and exeurved below sub-

median fold; a terminal series of faint dark spots. Hind wing

ochreous yellow; an oblique dark discoidal bar; postmedial line

indistinct, dark, incurved and more distinct at discal fold, bent

outwards "and slightly waved from vein 5 to 2 on which it is

retracted, then oblique to above tornus; the apex tinged with

brown; a terminal series of faint dark spots.

Hab, Assam, Khasis (Wissary), 1 3 type. Exp. 28 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 267

(68 a) Sylepta hemipolialis, sp, n.

@. Head and tegule yellow tinged with red-brown; thorax

grey-brown ; abdomen with the two basal segments yellow tinged

with red-brown, then pale grey-brown; antennze whitish tinged

with brown; palpi pale grey-brown; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen ochreous white, the fore tibize with dark band

near extremity. Fore wing yellow tinged with fulvous to the

postmedial line, the costal area paler, the terminal area pale grey-

brown; the base tinged with grey-brown ; a waved brown ante-

medial line, arising at subcostal nervure; grey-brown annuli at

middle and end of cell; postmedial line dark brown with a white

patch on its inner side between veins 5 and 3, slightly incurved at

diseal fold, then excurved to vein 3, then retracted to below end of

cell and oblique and sinuous to inner margin, a triangular yellow

mark beyond it from costa ; cilia with a fine whitish line at base.

Hind wing with the basal half pale yellow, the terminal half pale

grey-brown ; some diffused red-brown below middle of cell and a

small spot in lower angle of cell; postmedial line rather diffused

dark brown, slightly sinuous, defining the yellow and grey areas ;

cilia white at base, pale grey-brown at tips.

Hab. Cotompta, Bonda (H. H. Smith), 1 2 type. Exp.

36 mm.

(71e) Sylepta albipunctalis, sp. n.

3. Head white, the antenne brown except the basal joint ;

thorax white with red-brown patches at base and extremity of

patagia and on mesothorax ; abdomen white with subdorsal red-

brown patches on three basal segments, then slightly tinged with

red-brown ; pectus and legs red-brown and white; ventral surface

of abdomen white. Fore wing pale red-brown with a cupreous

gloss; a curved white band from base of costa to base of inner

margin ; a short white antemedial streak on subcostal nervure and

spots below the cell and on inner margin; two white discoidal

points; postmedial line white, excurved from below costa to

vein 6, then oblique, sinuous, and only represented by small spots

below vein 4, at submedian fold and on inner margin ; a series of

slight terminal brown spots, defined by some white suffusion

towards apex, then by slight white streaks on the veins and by

some white at submedian fold; cilia white with a pale brown line

near base. Hind wing silvery white, the disk faintly tinged with

brown; faint brown postmedial and subterminal spots below vein 2,

a minute postmedial spot on vein 1, and a small spot on termen

just above tornus.

Hab. Ecvavor, Zamora, 1 6; Borivia, La Paz (Garlepp),

1 type. Exp. 28 mm.

18*

bho

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(71d) Sylepta albicupralis, sp. n.

Head white with some pale red-brown on frons and behind the

antennz which are brown, the palpi with the 2nd joint suffused

with: red-brown ; thorax white, the tegule with red-brown patches

at base, the patagia with their outer halves red-brown, the dorsum

with some red-brown suffusion; abdomen white with red-brown

dorsal and subdorsal patches except at base and towards extremity ;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore femora

and all the tibiz striped with red-brown above. Fore wing red-

brown with a cupreous gloss; a small white mark at base; sub-

basal white spots on costa and in the cell and an elongate white

patch on basal part of inner margin; an indistinct brown ante-

medial line, arising below the costa and defined on inner side by

white spots below the cell and at inner margin; the medial part of

costal area white; white spots in and beyond end of cell; post-

medial line brown slightly defined on outer side by white, dentate,

incurved below vein 4; a terminal series of minute triangular white

spots. Hind wing white, the veins slightly striated with brown ;

some reddish brown suffusion beyond lower angle of cell and on

inner margin before the almost straight reddish brown postmedial

line; the terminal area pale reddish brown with a cupreous gloss,

broadly at costa, narrowing to inner margin; a terminal series of

white bars ; cilia reddish brown, whitish at tips.

Hab. Perv, R. Pacaya, 2 5, 2 2 type, Yahuarmayo (Watkins),

1 9 type. Hup., d 22-26, 2 30 mm,

(73a) Sylepta fulviceps, sp, n.

3. Head, tegule, and basal half of patagia fulvous, the rest of

thorax and abdomen grey-brown ; antennze brown except towards

base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore

femora above, tibie, and tarsi pale grey-brown, the mid femora

striped with grey-brown, the mid and hind tibiz and basal joints of

tarsi grey-brown. Fore wing pale grey-brown with a slight

pwrplish gloss, the cilia grey-white. Hind wing pale grey-brown

with a slight purplish gloss, the cell semihyaline opalescent white,

the termen narrowly and cilia grey-white ; the underside with the

costal area white to beyond middle, the cell and disk glossed with

silvery blue.

Hab, Corometa (interior) (Carder), 1 $ type. Exp. 830mm,

(75a) Sylepta ochritinctalis, sp, n.

¢. Head and thorax white mixed with some brownish ochreous ;

abdomen white tinged with brownish ochreous, the medial segment

more suffused with ochreous, leaving whitish dorsal spots ; palpi

brownish ochreous, white at base and at base of 2nd joint; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with ochreous,

Pyralids of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 269

the fore femora above and tibie at extremities suffused with brown.

Fore wing white tinged with brownish ochreous, the area before

the postmedial line and the terminal area suffused with brownish

ochreous ; a narrow brownish ochreous discoidal lunule ; postmedial

line rather diffused brownish ochreous defined on outer side by

white, slightly waved, ineurved below vein 4; cilia with a series of

brownish bars near base. Hind wing white tinged with brownish

ochreous, the area before the postmedial line and the terminal area

suffused with brownish ochreous; postmedial line rather diffused

brownish ochreous, bent outwards and slightly waved between

veins 5 and 2; cilia with a series of brownish bars near base to

vein 2. ;

Hab. D’EnrrecastEavx Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 1 3 type.

Exp. 30 mm.

(80a) Sylepta euryterminalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow, the shoulders with

red-brown stripes, the abdomen tinged with red-brown except at

base ; antennze cupreous brown; palpi yellowish white, the 2nd

joint above obliquely, and the 3rd joint dark brown ; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white, the fore tibize with

brown spot near extremity. Fore wing yellow, the costal area pale

red-brown to the postmedial line, the terminal area broadly red-

brown ; antemedial line pale rufous, excurved to vein land incurved

above inner margin; a small dark reddish brown spot in middle of

cell and oblique discoidal bar ; postmedial line dark reddish brown,

rather diffused, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted

upwards to angle of cell and oblique and sinuous to inner margin, a

yellow patch beyond it from costa to vein 6. Hind wing yellow ;

a rather diffused reddish brown line from upper angle of cell to

above inner margin, rather dilated at end of cell; postmedial line

strong, dark reddish brown, arising below costa, excurved from

vein 5 to 2, where it terminates ; the terminal area red-brown, its

inner edge oblique to vein 2 near termen, then dilated into a pe

in submedian interspace touching the postmedial line and not

extending below vein 1; cilia red-brown except towards tornus.

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman),1 3 type. Haxp.32mm,

(86a) Sylepta rogationis, sp. n,

Head white, the antenne red-brown with a white spot on basal

joint, the frons tinged with red-brown, the palpi red-brown, white

in front at base; thorax pale red-brown mixed with some white ;

abdomen white tinged with pale red-brown; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore coxe, femora, and tibize

suffused with red-brown. Fore wing yellowish white, the costal

area to the postmedial line, the inner margin except towards base,

and the terminal area red-brown; a diffused incurved red-brown

subbasal line; antemedial line red-brown, oblique to median

270 ~ Sir G. F. Hampson on new

nervure ; a red-brown spot in middle of cell and discoidal bar; the

median nervure towards extremity and a patch beyond lower angle

of cell red-brown; postmedial line red-brown, excurved between

veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and excurved to

inner margin ; the inner edge of the red-brown terminal area waved,

excurved between veins 5 and 2, then expanding into a patch con-

fluent with the postmedial line ; cilia white towards tornus. Hind

wing yellowish white; an oblique brown discoidal bar; the veins

beyond lower angle of cell streaked with brown ; postmedial line

rather diffused red-brown, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then

retracted to below angle of cell and ending above inner margin ;

the terminal area red-brown, its inner edge waved and excurved

between veins 5and 2; cilia red-brown with a fine white line at base

to vein 2, then white with a red-brown line near base.

Hab. Br. C. Arrtca, Mt. Mlange (Neave), 1 3,1 9; Porrv-

GuUESE E, Arrica, Mt. Chiperone (Neave), 246,19 type. Lap.

32. mm.

(86 f) Sylepta sulphureotincta, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white tinged with rufous ;

palpi rufous, white in front towards base; pectus, ‘legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz maith rufous band at extre-

mity. Fore wing white tinged with sulphur-yellow, the base and

costal area pale rufous ; antemedial line dark tinged with yellow,

oblique to just below ‘ne cell, then erect; a dark Sones: in middle

of cell and discoidal bar tinged with ‘yellow and filled in with

white ; postmedial ine dark tinged with yellow, excurved and

wav ed between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell

and angled outwards below submedian fold, a similar icaat line

beyond it; a red-brown terminal line ; cilia with a faint red-brown

line near base. Hind wing white, the terminal area tinged with

sulphur-yellow except at tornus; a dark discoidal bar; postmedial

line dark, bent outwards and waved between veins 5 and 2, then

retracted to below angle of cell and erect to inner margin ; a faint

waved brownish subterminal line; a red-brown Pennell ine and

rufous line near base of cilia except towards tornus.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Ruo Valley (Neave), 1 9; PortuauEsE

EK. Arrica, Mt. Chiperone (Weave), 2 d type. Hap. 24mm.

(111 a) Sylepta microstictalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown glossed with leaden

grey ; frons with white lines at sides; palpi white in front towards

base ; coxee, mid tibiz, fore and mid tarsi, and ventral surface of

abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore wing dark brown with a

cupreous gloss; a faint curved dark antemedial line with a slight

whitish spot before it in the cell; a small quadrate white spot in

end of cell defined on each side by black-brown ; a slight whitish

postmedial bar from below costa ‘to discal fold, "then a very faint

Pyralida: of the Subfamily Pyraustinze. 271

dark line, retracted at vein 2 to below angle of cell, then excurved ;

cilia glossed with leaden grey except at base. Hind wing dark

brown with a cupreous gloss; a fine pale line at base of cilia

followed by a dark line.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with some ochreous white before the ante-

medial line in and below the cell, the spot in end of cell larger and

extending to median nervure, the postmedial bar ochreous white,

broader and with slightly sinuous outer edge.

Hab. Cameroons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 2 type. Huxp.

28 mm. ;

(115 a) Sylepta maculilinealis, sp. 0.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown suffused with grey, pectus

and ventral surface of abdomen white; tarsi white slightly tinged

with brown. Fore wing brown suffused with grey; antemedial

line brown defined on each side by white, arising at subcostal

nervure ; a white spot in end of cell before the blackish discoidal

bar; postmedial line dark defined on outer side by a narrow white

band to vein 5, then by small white spots, ineurved to vein 5, where

it is slightly angled outwards, then very slightly waved, oblique to

vein 3, then strongly incurved ; cilia with a white line at base.

Hind wing brown suffused with grey; a small blackish discoidal

spot with whitish spot before it; an irregularly sinuous dark post-

medial line defined on outer side by a narrow rather maculate white

band from costa beyond middle to inner margin before middle,

touching the lower angle of cell; cilia with a white line at base to

submedian fold, then white with a brown line near base.

Hab. Ucanpa, Chagwe, Mabira Forest (Neave), 1 3 type.

Kap. 32 mm.

(10a) Lygropra leucostolalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax white suffused with fulvous yellow ; abdomen

white, dorsally slightly tinged with rufous except towards base ;

antenne tinged with brown ; palpi orange-yellow ; pectus, femora,

tibiv, and ventral surface of abdomen tinged with rufous, the tarsi

white. Fore wing pure white, the base tinged with orange-yellow ;

a small rather elongate black spot in middle of cell, and rather

lunulate discoidal spot. Hind wing pure white. Underside of

fore wing with the costa brownish grey.

Hab. Sterna LEONE, Resorse (Simpson), 1d, Port Lokko

(Simpson), 1 3; Gop Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 1 3; CaME-

roons, Ja R., Bitje (Bates), 26, 2 2 type; Ueanna, Unyoro,

Bugoma Forest (eave), 1 2. Exp., 3 28-36, 2 36-42 mm,

(366) Lygropia fulvescens, sp. 0.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow tinged with

rufous; pectus, femora, and ventral surface of abdomen white

tinged with fulvous, the tibie and tarsi white. Fore wing fulvous

yellow suffused with rufous; an indistinct oblique sinuous dark

antemedial line; a small faint dark discoidal lunule ; postmedial

272 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

line dark defined on outer side by yellowish, waved, excurved from

below costa to vein 4, then incurved ; a terminal series of dark

points ; cilia with a slight dark line at middle. Hind wing white

with a slight fulvous yellow tinge, the terminal area more suffused

with fulvous to vein 2. a terminal series of blackish points; cilia

fulvous yellow at base An vein 2.

Hab. Cotomsta, Las Parlutas (H. H. Smith), 1 2 type. Hap.

20 mm.

(86 ¢) Lygropia gilvicostalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax brown glossed with leaden grey, the back of

head whitish; abdomen pale grey-brown with yellowish segmental

lines ; antenne dark brown; frons with white lines at sides ; palpi

with the basal joint and the 2nd joint in front white; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white, the femora and tibiz tinged

with brown above. Fore wing brown glossed with leaden grey, the

costal area pale yellow to the postmedial line; antemedial line

indistinct, dark faintly defined on inner side by yellowish white,

angled outwards at submedian fold, then incurved; a faint dark

discoidal spot; postmedial line rather diffused, dark, defined on

outer side by a triangular pale yellow spot at costa, then faintly by

whitish to vein 2, then by v ellowish white, excur eal to vein 4, then

incurved ; a diffused white terminal line from vein 8 to tornus.

Hind wing white, the inner margin tinged with reddish brown; a

rather diffused rufous terminal line; cilia tinged with rufous and

with faint brown line at middle.

Hab. Peru, R. Ucayale, Contamino, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 24 mm.

Genus GLYPHODES.

Type.

Idalia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 308 (1827), nec p.129....,.....¢..ccccsseeees sinuata.

Margaronia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 358 (1827), has priority ............ unionalis.

(32a) Margaronia albianalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown with a cupreous gloss, the

last with the anal segment white with a black dorsal spot at extre-

mity, the anal tuft formed by pale rufous scales dark at extremities ;

pectus, femora, and ventral surface of abdomen silvery white ;

tibize and tarsi brown with a white line at extremity of former;

anal tuft black-brown below. Fore wing red-brown with a

cupreous gloss; a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing

whitish tinged with red-brown, the veins and terminal area glossy

red-brown; cilia with a white line at base. Underside whitish

suffused with red-brown, the terminal areas red-brown.

Hab. CoLomBta, pho R. Siato, 1 9; Ecuapor, R. Pastaza,

R. Verde (Palmer), 2 3 type; Peru, Chanchamayo, La Mercede

(Watkins),1 3. Exp. 28-32 mm.

Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraustinz. 273

(33 a) Margaronia semirufalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous, the last with silvery

white segmental lines on three terminal segments, the anal tuft

with some black-brown at base; antennz with dark rings ; palpi

dark brown, yellowish rufous at base and extremity ; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with rufous, the fore

femora dark above, the fore tibize with dark band at extremity, the

tarsi whiter. Fore wing rufous to the postmedial line, the terminal

area red-brown with a cupreous gloss, the costal area rufous beyond

the postmedial line ; antemedial line red-brown, slightly waved ; a

rufous discoidal bar defined at sides by red-brown; a diffused

oblique dark brown postmedial line, slightly excurved beyond lower

angle of cell; cilia with some whitish at tips. Hind wing rufous,

the terminal area red-brown with a cupreous gloss, narrowing to

tornus ; a faint brown postmedial line, slightly excurved beyond

lower angle of cell; cilia with fine whitish line at base and some

whitish at tips.

Hab. Perv, El Porvenir, 2 g type. xp. 38 mm,

(33 6) Margaronia monothyralis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown glossed with silvery grey,

the last with the anal segment white with dorsal black spot at

extremity, the anal tuft formed by rufous scales white at base and

dark at extremity ; palpi white at base; pectus and ventral surface

of abdomen silvery white, the legs white tinged with brown.

Fore wing glossy reddish brown tinged with grey, the costal edge

white except towards base; a blackish discoidal striga with a reni-

form semihyaline yellowish white spot beyond it; cilia with a fine

white line at base. Hind wing pale glossy reddish brown tinged

with grey ; cilia with a white line at base and whitish tips.

Hab. Couomsta, Sierra del Libane (H. H. Smith), 1 3 type.

Exp. 34 mm.

(387 a) Margaronia punctilinealis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy reddish brown tinged

with grey, the anal tuft white tinged with rufous and with dark

tips to the scales; sides of frons and palpi dark brown, the latter

white at base; pectus, femora, and ventral surface of abdomen

silvery white, the tibize and tarsi brown. Fore wing reddish

brown with a cupreous gloss; a curved punctiform white post-

medial line from vein 7 to 2, then a faint oblique whitish line;

cilia with a fine white line at base. Hind wing reddish brown with

a cupreous gloss; a slightly curved rather punctiform white post-

medial line from vein 6 to inner margin; cilia with a fine white

line at base.

Hab. Cotomsta, Choko, Juntas de R. Tamana and R. San Juan

(Palmer), 1 3 type. Exp. 28 mm.

274 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(66 d) Margaronia viriditinctalis, sp. n.

3d. Head and thorax silvery white, the tegule at base and

shoulders rufous ; abdomen creamy white, the anal tuft black at

sides; sides of frons and palpi rufous, the latter white at base ;

pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen silvery white. Fore

wing silvery white tinged with greenish yellow; a rufous costal

fascia with a pure silvery white streak below it; a black point at

upper angle of cell; a fine red-brown terminal line with black

points in the interspaces; cilia white. Hind wing semihyaline

silvery white tinged with greenish yellow; a fine red-brown

terminal line with black points in the interspaces; cilia white.

Hab. Perv, Chaquimayo (Watkins), 2 3 type. xp. 30 mm.

(69¢) Margaronia lobisignalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the thorax with some

rufous mixed, the abdomen with black dorsal bar on 8rd segment,

the two terminal segments and the anal tuft black with a silvery

gloss; palpi black with a silvery gloss; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the fore femora above, the tibize and

extremity of abdomen black-brown. Fore wing silvery white; the

costal area suffused with red-brown, expanding into antemedia] and

medial lobes defined by black to median nervure, into a discoidal

bar bent inwards and lobed at lower extremity also defined by

black, and into a semicircular subterminal spot defined by black

except above ; subterminal black-brown striz in the interspaces to

vein 5 and a striga below vein 2; a black-brown terminal line

glossed with silver to vein 4. Hind wing silvery white; a pale

rufous reniform discoidal spot defined by dark brown, concave

towards base; dark brown subterminal strie at discal and sub-

median folds.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Neave), 4 5, 2 9 type.

Exp. 18-22 mm.

(71a) Margaronia approximalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the sides of head,

neck, and shoulders dark cupreous brown, the abdomen faintly

ringed with cupreous brown towards extremity ; palpi with a small

dark cupreous brown spot at base of 2nd joint, its terminal half

and the 8rd joint dark cupreous brown; fore femora and tibie

above dark cupreous brown, the tarsi ringed with cupreous brown.

Fore wing silvery white faintly tinged with cupreous brown, the

interspaces somewhat semihyaline ; the costal edge and a slight

streak below it dark cupreous brown towards base ; an antemedial

cupreous brown striga from costa and an oblique medial line ; a

discoidal bar defined by cupreous brown and constricted at middle ;

a cupreous brown annulus below end of cell; a eupreous brown

postmedial line, bent inwards below costa and excurved from vein 7

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 275

to inner margin; a rather oblique cupreous brown subterminal line

arising below the costa and approximated to the postmedial line

‘between veins 8 and 2; a fine dark cupreous brown terminal line

except towards tornus. Hind wing somewhat semihyaline silvery

white ; a slight cupreous brown discoidal striga; a pale cupreous

brown postmedial line, arising at vein 7, slightly incurved at vein 2

and ending at tornus ; a fine dark cupreous brown terminal line to

submedian fold ; cilia with a slight brown line near base.

Hab. Br. N. Gurvea, Owgarra (Meek), 1 6 type. Huxp.

28 mm.

(85a) Margaronia titanicalis, sp. n.

S. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white tinged with ver

pale green; the sides of head, base of tegule, and shoulders

fulvous; antennze white tinged with fulvous ; palpi fulvous, the

basal joint and base of 2nd Joint in front white ; anal tuft black ;

mid tibie with fulvous streak above towards base ; (fore legs

wanting). Fore wing silvery white tinged with very pale green ;

a fulvous costal fascia to end of cell; a terminal series of slight

black points. Hind wing white tinged with very pale green; a

slight dark terminal line to vein 2.

Hab. Sotomon Is., New Georgia (Meck), 1 3 type. Hep.

64 mm.

(90 a) Margaronia euchlorisalis, sp. n.

Head, tegule, and prothorax rufous, the frons white, the rest of

thorax and abdomen bright yellow green with a white band behind

the prothorax and band on 2nd segment of abdomen; anal tuft

dark red-brown; antennze white with some red-brown towards

base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore

tibiz red-brown above with a white band near base, the mid and

hind tibiz with a small black spot at extremity. Fore wing bright

yellow-green; the costa pale green with a yellow fascia below it

defined by white below, extending to inner margin at base, which is

tinged with rufous; an oblique white antemedial line, arising from

the costal fascia and obsolescent towards inner margin ; an oblique

white discoidal bar; a narrow oblique white band from the costal

fascia before apex to termen at vein 4; a terminal series of slight

black points from vein 4 to tornus; cilia white tinged with green.

Hind wing bright yellow-green; a diffused oblique white band

from costa before apex to termen at vein 4; a terminal series of

slight blackish points and some rufous on termen above vein Luk

cilia pale green at base and their tips tinged with rufous to sub-

median fold, then wholly rufous.

Hab. Perv, Yahuarmayo (Watkins), 33, 19 type. Kzp.

38-42 mm.

276 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(1224) Margaronia polystrigalis, sp. n.

3. Headand thorax white tinged with red-brown, the tegule

with minute dark spots, the patagia with elongate dark marks at

middle; abdomen whitish suffused with red- boom and with oblique

whitish subdorsal bars defined by darker brown on 2nd to 4th

segments, the anal tuft black- brown mixed with red- brown ; palpi

white with some brown in front of 2nd joint; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white tinged with red-brown, the fore

tibiz with black band at extremity. "Fore wing white tinged with

red-brown and thickly striated with dark brown, the medial area

with more prominent black-brown strize from costa; an indistinct

oblique dark subbasal line ; a double oblique dark antemedial line,

incurved at vein 1 and the inner line bent inwards to costa; a

minute dark spot in cell towards extremity and discoidal lunule

defined by dark brown and with dark striga in centre; a double

dark line from lower angle of cell, filled in with ochreous and dilated

on outer side into a spot at inner margin below a rounded white

patch defined by dark brown and with dark spot in centre; post-

medial line double, dark brown filled in with ochreous, slightly

sinuous and ending above vein 1 beyond the rounded patch; two

slightly and irregularly waved brown subterminal lines; an ochreous

terminal line defined on inner side by a brown line; cilia with a

silvery gloss. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown and striated

with dark brown; slight dark subbasal marks on median nervure

and vein 1; an ochreous diseoidal bar defined by dark brown and

two slight dark marks below end of cell; a double oblique slightly

waved brown line filled in with ochreous "from costa beyond middle

to above tornus; a waved brown line from costa before apex to

termen at vein 1 with another line rather broken up into spots

beyond it; a red-brown terminal line to vein 1; cilia with an

ochreous line at base followed by a fine red- brown line, the tips

white mixed with red-brown.

Hab. Br. N. Gute, Collingwood Bay, Haidana (Meek), 1 3,

Owgarra (Meek), 1 3 type. Eup. 30 mm.

(3) Furcivena atribasalis, sp. n.

Fore wings with veins 4, 5 stalked; hind wing with veins 4, 5

from cell; antenne of mane with small scale-teeth at the joints.

3. Head, tegulie, and base of patagia white, the rest of thorax

dark brown w ith a cupreous gloss, the “aaa edged with white

at sides and behind ; abdomen white, dorsally suffused with reddish

ochreous leaving white segmental lines; antenne ochreous, the

tufts of scales at the vats “brownish towards base ; palpi ochreous,

the basal joint and the 2nd joint below white ; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white, the tarsi orange- yellow ringed

with white. Fore wing with the basal area sais with a broad

black-brown band near base. narrowing to inner margin; the rest

of wing yellow tinged with ranede leaving the costal edge antl apex

white; an oblique brownish postmedial “line from vein 4 to inner

Pyralidie of the Subfamily Pyraustine. 277

margin; a small blackish brown spot on termen just below apex

and points at veins 7 and 6; the termen suffused with brown below

the white area at vein 6; cilia white tinged with ochreous, brownish

at tips to vein 4. Hind wing white with a slight ochreous tinge

beyond the cell, the termen tinged with brown except towards apex

and tornus ; a curved brownish postmedial line from vein 5 to above

tornus ; a fine brown terminal line ; cilia white.

Hab. Peru, R. Pacaya, 1 5 type. Hap. 22 mm.

Genus SAMEODES.

Type.

Epipages, Hiibn. Verz. p. 357 (1827), has priority ............... fenestralis.

(5b) Epipagis setinalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous yellow; tarsi ringed

with black. Fore wing ochreous yellow ; a black point at base of

cell; a black point in ‘middle of cell and sight obliquely placed

blackish spots in submedian fold and above inner margin; a black

discoidal striga ; a postmedial series of small wedge-shaped black

marks on the veins from below costa to vein 2 and a small spot on

vein 1, rather oblique to vein 5, then incurved ; a curved subterminal

series of elongate black marks on veins 7 to 2. Hind wing ochreous

yellow; a curved postmedial series of minute rather wedge-shaped

blackish marks on veins 6 to 2 and a subterminal series of slight

elongate blackish marks on veins 7 to 3.

Hab. Formosa, Kanshirei (Wileman), 1 2 type. zp.

34 mm.

(8p) Epipagis costistictalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax grey-brown mixed with ochreous yellow, the

metathorax ochreous; abdomen greyish brown mixed with some

ochreous yellow and with ochreous yellow segmental bands on basal

half ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white tinged

with ochreous yellow. Fore wing reddish brown, the terminal half

of costa yellowish white with five small black spots on it; some

yellowish at base; a faint dark antemedial line, arising at sub-

costal nervure and slightly excurved above inner margin; a small

yellowish white spot before it below the eell, an elliptical spot

beyond it in and below the cell, defined by blackish and bisected by

a brown streak on median ner vure, slight yellowish marks before

and beyond it above inner margin; a quadrate yellowish white spot

defined by blackish in middle of cell, a spot below it in submedian

interspace, and a small spot above base of vein 2; postmedial line

blackish, arising below the costa, excurved between veins 5 and 2,

on which it is retracted to below end of cell and ending at vein 1,

defined on inner side by yellowish white spots between veins 7 and 2,

the spot above vein 6 minute, on outer side defined by small rather

conical spots between veins 7 and 2 and by a larger spot in sub-

median interspace; cilia yellowish white with a series of small

dark spots near base, the tips brown between veins 5 and 8. Hind

278 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

wing yellowish white, the terminal area brown suffused with grey ;

some brown at extreme base; a quadrate dark brown discoidal spot,

its centre tinged with grey, with an oblique sinuous brown line

from it to above inner margin where it is rather diffused ; post-

medial line dark brown, strongly excurved between veins 5 and 2,

then defining the inner edge of the terminal area, with a yellowish

white spot on its outer side from below costa to vein 5 and small

spots between veins 5 and 2; cilia yellowish white with a series of

small brown spots and bars near base, the tips intersected by brown

below apex and at middle.

Hab. ConomBta, Choko, San Juan, La Selva, 1 ¢; Brazin,

Amazons, Para (Trumbill), 1 3; Manaios (Trumbill), 1 9; Peru,

Carabaya, 'Tinquiri (Ockenden), 2 9, Ocneque (Ochenden), 1 9;

Boutvia, La Paz (Garlepp), 1 3 type. Eup. 22-24 mm.

Genus SAMEODESMA, nov.

Type, S. flavicostalis.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, the 2nd joint extending

about the length of head and fringed with hair above, the 8rd

moderate and smoothly scaled; maxillary palpi filiform; frons

rounded ; antenna somewhat laminate and almost simple. Fore

wing with the apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; vein 3

from well before angle of cell; 4, 5 from angle; 6 from well

below upper angle; 7 from angle and straight; 8, 9 stalked;

10, 11 stalked. Hind wing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5

shortly stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8 to

towards apex.

(1) Sameodesma flavicostalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax pale yellow ; abdomen vellow tinged with

rufous ; antennz and palpi tinged with rufous; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen yellowish white, the tarsi fuscous at

extremities. Fore wing violaceous grey tinged with diffused red-

brown towards the yellow markings; the base pale yellow except at

costa ; an obliquely curved reddish brown antemedial line, incurved

at median nervure, the costal area beyond it pale yellow, expanding

to discal fold in the cell and into a postmedial spot to vein 6; a

lunulate greyish discoidal spot defined by red-brown and with a

slight yellow spot before it in lower end of cell; the terminal area

pale yellow, broadly at costa and narrowing toa point at vein 2, its

inner edge defined by a red-brown line, oblique to vein 5 and with

slight diffused rufous spot beyond it at discal fold on the yellow

area ; a terminal series of minute rufous points on the yellow area ;

cilia yellow with some brown at base at tornus. Hind wing

creamy white, the area beyond the cell faintly tinged with red-

brown from below costa to submedian fold.

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Sanders), 2 2 type. Hxp.20 mm.

Pyralidee of the Subfamily Pyraustine, 279

(2) Sameodesma undilinealis, sp. n.

do. Head and thorax brownish grey mixed with black ; abdomen

grey suffused with brown; antenne black; palpi, pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen grey suffused with brown. Fore wing

grey suffused with brown and thickly irrorated with black ; a waved

blackish subbasal shade; the first line almost medial, brownish

white defined on outer side by rather diffused black, excurved to

median nervure and incurved in submedian interspace ; an oblique

brownish white discoidal lunule defined by black and with some

black suffusion before it in upper part of cell; postmedial line

brownish white defined on inner side by diffused black marks and

on outer side by diffused black towards costa, ineurved at vein 7,

then excurved to vein 2, incurved in submedian interspace and

excurved at vein 1; a series of slight black bars on termen defined

on inner side by a whitish line with diffused black marks before it;

cilia grey tinged with brown and with slight dark lines at middle

and near tips. Hind wing grey suffused with olive-brown ; a slight

dark terminal line; cilia with a slight dark line near base, the tips

paler.

Hab. MasHonatanp, Salisbury (Jack), 1d type. Hap. 24mm.

(8a) Thliptoceras androstigmata, sp. n.

3. Head and tegule rufous; thorax red-brown; abdomen red-

brown, the two terminal segments and the sides on terminal half

yellow tinged with red; antenne ringed with white, the basal

joint whitish ; sides of frons and palpi chocolate-brown, the latter

white below to near extremity of 2nd joint; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore legs suffused with brown

with white rings at extremity of tibie and on tarsi. Fore wing

red-brown suffused with leaden grey; some yellowish suffused with

red at base of inner margin; a yellow streak tinged with red on

antemedial part of costa; rounded white spots defined by crimson-

red, except above where they are conjoined to the yellow fascia, in

the cell before middle and near extremity; an oblique white spot

defined by crimson-red below end of cell; an orange-yellow post-

medial spot at costa defined on outer side by a blackish striga and

conjoined below to a rather quadrate white spot placed ona crimson-

red patch the outer edge of which is curved and extends from the

costa beyond the blackish striga to vein 2; the costa towards apex

yellow tinged with red; the termen orange-yellow, narrowly from

just below apex to vein 5, then expanding into a triangular patch

ending in a point at tornus; cilia orange-yellow with some brown at

apex. Hind wing with the basal area crimson-red except at costa,

its outer edge slightly exeurved beyond the cell and strongly below

vein 2, an oblique white spot on it below end of cell, pointed above,

constricted at middle, and rounded below ; the costa white; a broad

white postmedial band from the costal area to vein 2, defined on

outer side by a crimson-red line and by orange-yellow below; a.

leaden grey band on its outer side from below the costa to inner

280 On new Pyralide of the Subfamily Pyraustine.

margin ; the terminal area orange-yellow, rather broadly at costa

and narrowing to tornus; a fine reddish terminal line.

@. Head and thorax red-brown suffused with leaden grey ; hind

wing red-brown suffused with leaden grey except the orange-yellow

terminal area and without the white markings.

Hab. Durcu N. Guryea, Snow Mts., Oetakwa R. (Meek), 2 S,

1 2 type. Hap. 24 mm. :

(4a) Thliptoceras xanthomeralis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous greyish suffused with pale

rufous ; antenne ochreous white; palpi white, the 2nd joint with

some blackish in front, the 8rd joint and the maxillary palpi

blackish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous

white, the fore legs suffused with brown in front. Fore wing pale -

grey tinged with red-brown, the medial area with the costa, cell

and the area beyond the cell to vein 3 pale yellow; an oblique pale

brown antemedial line; a rather elongate dark brown spot in

middle of cell; a yellow discoidal bar, defined at sides by rather

diffused brown bars; postmedial line brown, rather oblique to

vein 8, then bent inwards to below angle of cell and erect to inner

margin ; a fine reddish brown terminal line; cilia yellowish white.

Hind wing yellowish white, the basal area tinged with brown, the

terminal area pale grey; an oblique brown discoidal bar; post-

medial line brown, arising at vein 6, bent outwards between veins 5

and 2, then inwards to below angle of cell and sinuous to above

inner margin; a reddish brown terminal line; cilia yellowish white.

Underside yellowish white; fore wing with the terminal area

suffused with brown, the markings as above but without the ante-

medial line and with brown streak below the cell on medial area ;

hind wing with discoidal lunule defined by brown, the postmedial

line as above, the terminal area suffused with brown to below vein 4

and in submedian interspace. —

Ab. 1. 2. Wings more uniformly tinged with yellow.

Hab. Br. C. Arrica, Mt. Mlanje (Weave), 6 5, 6 Q type.

Exp. 20-24 mm.

(5d) Thliptoceras xanthoperalis, sp. n.

White; head, thorax, and abdomen tinged with brown; palpi

banded with chrome-yellow. Fore wing white, the basal area

tinged with chrome-yellow; the disk irrorated strongly with

fuscous; an indistinct curved white postmedial line defined by

fuscous with a chrome-yellow spot on costa and spots beyond it on

costa and in submedian interspace; four terminal yellow streaks

on the veins towards apex with some fuscous irroration between and

below them; cilia fulvous brown chequered with white. Hind

wing white, tinged with brown towards termen ; a fine interrupted

dark terminal line.

Hab. Suntnam, Onoribo, Paramaribo (£ilacombe). Lxp.

14mm. ‘Types in Coll. Rothschild and B.M.

[To be continued. |

A peculiar State of Development in Brachydesmus. 281

XXXIL—A peculiar State of Development in Brachydesmus

(Myriapoda—Polydesmoidea). By Hunry W. BroteMann

(of Pau, Basses-Pyrénées, France).

My colleague, Richard 8. Bagnall, of Penshaw, recently

accorded me the advantage of examining some Myriapods

collected by himself, including a male representative of the

family Polydesmidz, which appeared to him to be of special

interest, and which was taken at Oxford in a mole’s nest,

together with some other Polydesmids identified (by

Bagnall) as Brachydesmus superus, Ltz. (both sexes).

The specimen here spoken of is undoubtedly referable to

the same genus, Brachydesmus, as shown by the shape of

the carine, etc.; but, although probable, it is difficult to

decide as to whether it should be ascribed to Latzel’s species

or not, as it possesses only 18 body-segments, thus being at

the larval stage known as Pullus VI.

To readers not familiar with the growth of Polydesmids,

it might be mentioned that the stage Pullus VI., which is

the one before the last for Polydesmids having 20 body-

segments, is actually the last larval stage for those provided

only with 19, as in the case of Brachydesmus. It is a well-

known fact that the sexually (and specifically) modified

8th pair of limbs of the male Polydesmids are far from

having acquired their normal form in the larva. Until the

last moult these organs are to be seen as two low semi-

cylindrical buds (fig. 1) pressed closely together and scarcely

protruding from the coxal opening located in front of the

9th pair of legs, which latter are normal ambulatory legs.

When isolated and properly prepared, it is possible to

detect in these buds some darker, more thickly chitinized

regions still destitute of any definite outline ; such are at

least the only differentiations that have ever been mentioned

by authors acquainted with the subject.

It was therefore greatly surprising to come across an

utterly different structure in the immature male Brachy-

desmus forming the subject of this note. Instead of the

low buds, a large membranous pouch-like body was found

to emerge from the coxal aperture (figs.2 & 3). This

was considerably developed transversely, being apparently

composed of two pouches fused together. It was gibbous

anteriorly and slightly bent backwards so as to present a

concave posterior surface, and situate on the apex were

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 19

282 Mr. H. W. Briélemann on a peculiar

the two semicylindrical buds (+) spoken of as met with im

normally developed immature males.

Ventral view of the 7th segment of an immature Brachydesmus superus,

Ltz., at its last larval stage, showing the semicylindrical bud-shaped

gonapods (2) in front of the 9th pair of legs (P9).

Fig. 2.

— heads

The membranous pouch (p) tipped with the semicylindrical buds (6),

showing the preformed gonapods (dotted).

co=coxal process; te=telopodite or second joint with its posterior

ridge (7 1) and its anterior process (2). From the side, P9=right

limb of the 9th pair.

Throughout the transparent membrane of the pouch (p)

opaque yellow central masses assuming the shape shown in

State of Development in Brachydesmus., 283

figures 2 and 3 (dotted parts) could easily be seen. Their

development was so advanced that two joints could be

distinguished; a basal lateral joint (co), the outline of

which is very distinct, is the equivalent of the distal coxal

process, with the inner face of which articulates the second

Joint or telopodite (te); the base of the coxa dipping in the

general cavity of the body is hidden from view. The second

joint is almost entirely visible—that is, as far as not concealed

by the coxal process. When viewed from the side (fig. 2)

it is represented by a rather stoutish stem feebly arched

backwards and with a slightly concave posterior surface.

The same ; posterior surface. (Same lettering as fig. 2.

It is divided at its Second third into a posterior transverse

rounded ridge (r 7), which is scarcely protruding ; and an

auterior tapering, antero-posteriorly flattened process (r 2),

which is longish and angularly directed backwards, over-

lapping the posterior ridge.

That these organs should be gonapods can by no means

be contested ; their location and structure leave no room

for auy other hypothesis. Moreoyer, should these organs

be compared with the gonapods of other full-grown adult

Polydesmids, a striking general resemblance will be found

ARS us

284 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

between them. While in the genus Polydesmus (20 body-

segments) most of the species show gonapods more or less

deeply divided into two distinct processes, the great majority

of the Brachydesmus species (19 body-segments) possess

gonapods either undivided at all or but shghtly notched, as

seen in the adjoined sketches. It is even possible to trace

still further homologies in the details of the telopodite.

The posterior transverse ridge, for instance, is beyond doubt

homologous with the pulvillum-bearing wart of the adult

gonapods, and the anterior process with the secondary or

tarsal ramus.

It is therefore unquestionable that we have to deal with

the case of a larva provided with almost adult male copulatory

organs. Such a structure is frequent and even normal with

Diplopods of archaic type, such as Colobognatha or Spiro-

boloidea ; but that it should be witnessed in the highly

specialized Polydesmoidea is certainly most striking.

This case is, moreover, of considerable importance if viewed

with reference to the part assumed by Neotenia in the

evolution of Myriapods, as I have just propounded im a

pamphlet now in the press (‘¢ Travaux du laboratoire maritime

de Cette”).

XXAIT.— Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.a—XXXII1. On

new Lthiopian Species of Psammocharidee. By Rowianp

E. Turner, F.Z.8., FES.

Tux study of the Psammocharide is much complicated by

the strong sexual dimorphism in many. groups, by the

absolute unreliability of colour distinctions in many species,

and by the variability of neuration characters in the same

species within certain limits. As the sexes are very rarely

taken coupled, certainty as to the pairing is extremely

difficult where the sexual dimorphism is strongly developed,

but in some cases the neuration affords a good clue. The

points of neuration most liable to variation are the point of

origin of the cubitus of the hind wing and the comparative

length of the abscissee of the radius ; small variations in

these points should not be considered as necessarily of

specific importance. Colour distinctions are of far less

importance, in //emipepsis glabratus, Klug, the fulvous

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 285

markings of the thorax and abdomen disappear more or

less completely in Central Africa, and reappear fully in

the male of the South African form H. spectrum, Sm. The

colour variations of Batozonus fuliginosus, Klug, are very

striking in the female, the antennze showing all gradations

from orange to black ; in specimens from Guinea the head

and thorax tend to become dark ferruginous ; this is also

the colour in the typical Saharan form, in which the wings

are dull yellow deeply margined with brown ; closely allied

species in India and Madagascar have the wings yellow with

only a narrow fuscous margin, whereas in the common

Ethiopian form the wings are wholly black with a blue

sheen. Many of these colour forms are doubtless of

subspecific importance, but many are merely individual

aberrations.

Genus Hemirersis, Dahlb.

Hemipepsis iodoptera, Stal.

Hemipepsis iodoptera, Stal, Cifvers. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh. xiv.

p. 64 (1857).

Salius lineaticollis, Cam. Ann, Transvaal Mus. ii. p. 121 (1910). 2.

This is closely related to H. spectrum, Sm., but the female

has the clypeus much less emarginate, the angles of the

pronotum Jess rounded, and the abdomen pruinose. In both

species the striation of the median segment is fine and close,

rather irregular. 1. iodoptera usually has a black transverse

mark on the vertex.

Hemipepsis fallax, Sauss.

Mygnimia fallax, Saussure, Distant, Natural. Transvaal, p. 221

(Gk-}°)) Paro HS.

Mygnimia hottentotta, Saussure, Distant, Natural. Transvaal, p. 220

(1892). Q. (Nec Taschenberg, 1869.)

Salius transvaalianus, D. T. Catal. Hymen. viii. p. 242 (1897).

Dalla Torre treats fallax as the male of distanti, Sauss.,

but I consider that this is incorrect. From the description

and figure distanti seems to me to be a synonym of H. tami-

sieri, Guér.

Hemipepsis lacustris, sp. 0.

9. Nigra; capite pronotoque fusco-ferrugineis; antennis pedi-

busque ferrugineis; tergitis 2-5 apice et fascia longitudinali

286 = Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

mediana fuscis, utrinqgue macula maxima flavo-brunnea; ster-

nilis brunneo-ferrugineis ; alis nigro-ceruleis.

3. Femine similis; tergitis duobus basalibus lete flavis, apice

anguste ferrugineo-marginatis, tertio sequentibusque ferrugineis.

Long., 9 22 mm., 5 15 mm.

?. Clypeus broadly rounded at the sides, the middle of

the apical margin almost transverse, very feebly sinuate, a

row of five or six large punctures, each of which has a long

black hair, before the apical margin ; labrum deeply incised,

with a fringe of long fulvous hairs. Interantennal pro-

minence well developed, rounded at the apex. Antenne

stout, the second joint of the flagellum about half as long

again as the third; posterior ocelli a little further from the

eyes than from each other ; eyes separated on the vertex by

a distance about equal to the length of the two basal joints

of the flagellum. Pronotum very broadly rounded at the

anterior angles, not transverse; scutellum convex, not

strongly compressed laterally. Median segment trans-

versely striated, the striz strong, regular, and widely

separated, stronger towards the apex than at the base; the

posterior slope almost vertical, abrupt, the surface smooth

at the apex, but with strong striz at the base; the tubercles

at the basal angles of the segment obsolete. Abdomen

opaque ; sixth tergite sparsely clothed with long black and

fulvous hairs; transverse groove of the second sternite

situated near the base. Comb of the fore tarsi stout, but

not long; hind tibiz spinose_ the serration rather feebly

developed. Third abscissa of the radius much longer than

the first and second combined ; second recurrent nervure

received at the middle of the third cubital cell ; submedian

cell much longer than the median; cubitus of the hind

wing originating much before the transverse median

nervure.

@. Antenne stout, nearly as long as the whole insect,

the second and third joints of the flagellum subequal.

Anterior margin of the clypeus transverse, labrum very

shallowly emarginate. Transverse groove of the second

sternite very feeble ; apical sternite very broadly rounded

at the apex; the penultimate with a longitudinal ridge on

each side ending in a short spine, the space between the

ridges shining, the remainder of the sternites pubescent.

Hab. Semliki Plains, near southern shore of Lake Albert,

2200 ft. (S. A. Neave), November 1911.

Hasily distinguished from glabratus and its allies by the

much more coarsely striated median segment.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 287

More nearly allied to a South African species which I

have identified with some doubt as HA. hottentota, Tasch.

It differs from this in the colour of the abdomen and very

strongly in the much stouter antenne of the male, in which

point it closely resembles /H. brunniceps, Tasch. A female

in the British Museum, apparently identical with the type,

is labelled “Interior of South Africa,’ and another

“ Gaboon.”

Hemipepsis glabratus, Klug.

Pompilus glabratus, Klug, Symbol. physic., Dec. 1834, t, 38, fig. 1. 9.

This species occurs over most of the northern portion of

the Ethiopian region.

Hab. Ambukol (Klug) ; Tuma and Mankuma, Northern

Territories of the Gold Coast (J. J. Simpson), May 1913.

Forms which I think must be treated as subspecies of

glabratus occur throughout the Ethiopian region. These

are :—

1.. Hemipepsis anchiete, Rad.

Priocnemis anchiete, Rad. Journ. acad. sc. math. Lisboa, viii. p. 213

(1881). 2.

Hab. Senaar (Major Penton); British Kast Africa, Kib-

wezi, 3000 ft. (S. A. Neave), April 1911; German East

Africa, Usanga, 3500-4500 ft. (S. A. Neave), December

1910; Nyasaland, Mlanje (S. A. Neave), July 1913;

Karonga district, Valley of N. Rukuru (S. A. Neave), July

1910; Katanga, Lufira, 3500 ft. (S. A. Neave), August ;

N.E. Rhodesia, Niamadzi River, 2000 ft. (S. A. Neave),

August 1910 ; Rhodesia, Lonely Mine (H. Swale), December

1914; Angola (Welwitsch); Angola, Lepi (£. Robins).

The abdomen, except the apical segment, in the female,

and at least the two basal segments in the male are black

in this form, usually also the mesonotum and scutellum.

2. Hemipepsis spectrum, Sm,

Mygnimia spectrum, Sm, Cat. Hym. B.M. iii. p. 187 (1855). ¢.

Priocnemis hirsutus, Saussure, Distant, Natural. Transvaal, p. 21

(1892). ¢.

Mygnimia depressa, Saussure, Distant, Natural. Transvaal, p. 219

(1892). 9.

Hab. Throughout S. Africa from Basutoland to the

288 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Zambesi; Nyasaland, 8S.W. of Lake Chilwa (S. A. Neave),

January 1914.

The range apparently overlaps that of H. anchiete in

N. Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

Very nearly related to the three above forms, but differing

in having the clypeus a little less strongly emarginate and

the hind tibie less strongly serrate, 1s Hemipepsis insignis,

Sm., the locality for which is given as W. Africa.

Hemipepsis quadraticollis, sp. n.

9. Nigra; capite, antennis, pronoto pedibusque fulvis; tergitis

2-6 flavis, apice anguste ferrugineo-marginatis, 2-4 in medio

longitudinaliter ferrugineo-fasciatis ; sternitis brunneo-ferru-

gineis; alis fusco-violaceis.

3. Femine similis.

Long.,, 9 12 mm., ¢ 9 mm.

2. Clypeus widely and very shallowly emarginate at the

apex ; labrum broadly rounded, not incised. Interantennal

prominence well developed, rounded at the apex and divided

by a longitudinal sulcus which extends to the anterior

ocellus. Antenne stout and rather short; eyes separated

on the vertex by a distance not quite equal to the combined

length of the second and third joints of the flagellum ; the

posterior ocelli nearer to each other than to the eyes.

Anterior margin of the pronotum transverse, the angles not

rounded, the sides parallel. Median segment ‘without

lateral tubercles, very finely and closely transversely

striated, sparsely clothed with black hairs; the posterior

slope steep, but not vertical, not sharply divided from the

dorsal surface, which is distinctly convex. Abdomen sub-

opaque, sparsely covered with delicate pubescence; the

ventral surface more shining and sparsely punctured. Hind

tibia feebly serrate, without spines. Cubitus of hind wing

originating well before the transverse median nervure.

g. Antenne not very stout, rather short, not longer than

the head, thorax, and mecca segment domineds second

and third joints of the flagellum subequal. Apical sternite

very broadly rounded, the penultimate with a short longi-

tudinal carina ending in a short spine on each side.

Hab. Bweya, Uganda (C. G. Gowdey), May 1913,1 9;

Valley of Kafu River, Unyoro, 3400 ft. (S. A. Neave),

December 1911,2 62.

This little species is closely related to codoptera, Stil, but

differs in the much smaller size, the colour of the abdomen,

Mr. R. E. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera. 289

the finer striation and much less abruptly truncate median

segment, and in the shorter antennee of the male.

Hemipepsis vespertilio, Gerst.

Pompilus vespertilio, Gest. Monatsber. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,

p- 511 (1857). o.

Pompilus vespertilio, Gerstaecker, Peters, Reise n. Mossambique, Zool.

v. p. 484 (1862). ¢.

Mygnimia belzebuth, Saussure, Distant, Natur. Transvaal, p. 218

(1892). Oo.

A common Kast African species ranging from the Orange

Free State to Uganda. Gerstaecker mentions only one

tooth on the tarsal ungues in his description, but there can

be no doubt that his description applies to this species and

that he overlooked the basal tooth. The clypeus of the male

is usually black, but sometimes fusco-ferruginous as in the

type.

Hemipepsis refulgens, sp. n

2. Nigra; femoribus, tibiis tarsisque lete fulvis; alis splendide

viridi-eeneis ; tibiis posticis haud serratis.

Long. 19 mm.

%. Clypeus broadly and very shallowly emarginate, tlie

labrum very shallowly emarginate in the middle. Eyes

separated on the vertex by a distance not quite equal to the

length of the second joint of the flagellum ; posterior oce!li

nearer to each other than to the eyes. Pronotum rounded

at the anterior angles and very broadly arched posteriorly ;

scutellum almost flat, postsentellum slightly convex. Median

segment with a large rounded tubercle on each side at the

base, coarsely transversely striated, the posterior slope

oblique, not sharply separated from the dorsal surface and

also transversely striated ; the sides of the segment indis-

tinctly obliquely striated. Sixth tergite sparsely clothed

with lone black hairs; transverse groove of the second

tergite shallow and situated close to the base. Basal joint

of fore tarsi with a very short comb ; hind tibiz with a row

of short spines, not serrate, tarsal ungues with two teeth.

Discoidal spot distinct, first recurrent nervure received at

the apex of the second cubital cell, third at one-third from

the base of the third cubital cell ; radial cell oblique at the

apex, cubitus of hind wing interstitial,

290 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial FTymenoptera.

Hab. Buamba Forest, Semliki Valley, Uganda Pro-

tectorate, 2300-2800 ft. (S. 4. Neave), November 1911.

This has a strong superficial resemblance to Cyphononywx

nigrita, Fabr., which occurs in the same locality.

Hemipepsis vestitipennis, sp. n.

Q. Rufo-ferruginea, mesopleuris, sterno, coxis intermediis posticis-

que, segmento mediano lateribus abdomineque nigris ; segmento

mediano supra fusco-ferrugineo; abdomine segmentis duobus

apicalibus rufo-ferrugineis, tergito quinto basi nigro, tergito

quarto apice macula transversa utrinqve rufo-ferruginea; alis

dimidio basali flavis, pilis rufo-ferrugineis vestitis, dimidio apicali

fusco-violaceis.

Long. 26 mm.

?. Clypeus widely and shallowly emarginate at the apex ;

the labrum broadly rounded, almost imperceptibly sinuate

at the apex. Second joint of the flagellum about half as

long again as the third, the latter about two and a half

times as long as its apical breadth. Eyes separated on the

vertex by a distance equal to the combined length of the

two basal joints of the flagellum, posterior ocelli as far from

each other as from the eyes. Pronotum feebly rounded

at the anterior angles, almost transverse in front; post-

scutellum strongly convex, subtuberculate in the midis

Median segment “without lateral tubercles, distinctly convex,

much broader than long, abruptly truncate posteriorly ;

transversely striated, the strize not very close, low and

rather obscure at the base, higher at the apex. ' Abdomen

shining, almost smooth, with a few scattered punctures on

the apical segments ; sixth tergite sparsely punctured,

sparsely clothed with black and fulvous hairs ; the trans-

verse groove of the second sternite situated near the base.

Radial cell very broadly truncate at the apex, the fourth

abscissa of the radius shorter than the second, the third as

long as the first and second combined ; second recurrent

nervure received at two-fifths from the base of the third

cubital cell; submedian cell much longer than the median;

cubitus of hind wing originating considerably before the

transverse median nervure. Spines of the hind tibia

strong ; the serration distinct, but not strongly developed ;

spines of the tarsi short ; the longest of the hind calearia

much less than half as long as the hind metatarsus. Tarsal

ungues with two teeth.

Hab. Bohotle, Somaliland (A. F. Appleton).

Mr. R. KE. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 291

In the colour of the wings this resembles the beautiful

H. sericeipennis, Bingh., but is quite distinct in the form of

the clypeus, pronotum and joints of the flagellum, as well

as in size and colour. From H. barbara, Lep., it differs in

the form of the clypeus, in the more slender flagellum,

in the much more extensive fuscous area of the wings,

and in details of neuration.

Hemipepsis mlanjensis, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; capite, antennis, pronoto, mesonoto, scutello, post-

scutello, segmento abdominali sexto, pedibusque, coxis exceptis

fulvis; alis flavis, apice anguste fuscis.

Long. 18 mm.

?. Clypeus very shallowly emarginate anteriorly. An-

tenne stout, the second joint of the flagellum longer than

the third by about one-quarter. Eyes slightly divergent

towards the clypeus, separated on the vertex by a distance

equal to the length of the second joint of the flagellum,

posterior ocelli a little nearer tu the eyes than to each other.

Pronotum very widely arched posteriorly ; postscutellum

feebly convex. Median segment without lateral tubercles,

rounded posteriorly, not truncate, regularly transversely

striated. Transverse groove of the second sternite situated

just before the middle; sixth tergite closely microscopically

punctured, with sparse setigerous punctures intermingled.

Comb of fore tarsi short, the metatarsus with seven spines ;

serration of the hind tibize only feebled developed. First

recurrent nervure received just before the apex of the second

cubital cell, second just beyond one-third from the base of

the third cubital cell; third abscissa of the radius as long

as the first and second combined. Discoidal spot distinct.

Cubitus of hind wing received just before the transverse

median neavure, almost interstitial.

Hab. Nyasaland, side of Mt. Mlanje, 8000-4000 ft.

(S. A. Neave), December.

The tarsal ungues are not normal, being bifid at the apex,

the inner division truncate ; on the middle of the ungues

there is a small tooth as in Cryptochilus, but no basal tooth

as in Hemipepsis. The only species described in which the

ungues are at all similar is Hemipepsis unguicularis, Kohl

(1913), but in that species the wings are blue-black; the

inver division of the bifid ungues pointed and the median

both oblique and strongly developed so that the ungues

appear to be trifid. The fuscous margin of the wings in the

292. Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

present species begins at the apex of the radial cell and

thence narrows rapidly,

Hemipepsis heteroneura, sp. n.

®. Fulva; alis flavo-hyalinis, venis ferrugineis.

Long. 14-17 mm.

@. Clypeus transverse at the apex, minutely punctured ;

afew large punctures before the apex, each bearing a long

fulvous hair. Interantennal prominence not well developed,

second joint of the flagellum half as long again as the third,

the latter more than three times as long as its apical breadth.

Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance about equal to

the combined length of the two basal joints of the flagellum,

the posterior ocelli nearly twice as far from’ the eyes as

from each other. Anterior angles of the pronotum broadly

rounded, scutellum and postscutellum convex, not com-

pressed laterally. Median segment rounded, gradually

sloped, with an obscure longitudinal impressed line, the

dorsal surface very delicately and indistinctly transversely

striated. Abdomen shining, but not highly polished, the

sixth tergite thinly covered with long fulvous hairs ; im-

pressed transverse line of the second tergite situated beyond

one-third from the base. Spines of the ee tarsi very short

and slender; hind tibiz strongly serrate and with a few

short spines ; tarsal ungues with two teeth. Radial cell

obliquely truncate at the apex, third abscissa of the radius

about as long as the first and second combined, first re-

current nervure received just beyond three- quarters from

the base of the second cubital cell, second at one-third

from the base of the third cubital cell. Discoidal spot very

distinct. Submedian cell much longer than the median ;

eubitus of the hind wing almost interstitial.

Hab. Uganda Protectorate, Western Ankole, 4500-

5000 ft. (S. A. Neave), October 1911.

This is a rather aberrant species owing to the position of

the first recurrent nervure ; but in other characters (such as

the presence of a discoidal ‘spot, the bending of the cubitus

beyond the second transverse cubital nervure, and in the

bidentate ungues) it is an undoubted Hemipepsis. Other

species showing the same aberrant character in the neuration

are H, hilaris, Sm. (Pompilus h.), H. similipicta, Sauss. (Prio-

cnemis s.), H. hildebrandti, Sauss. (Priocnemis h.), and

H. nesarchus, Schulz, to which latter the present species is

more nearly related.

Mr. R. KE. Turner on Possorial Hymenoptera, 293

Hemipepsis (Tetraodontonyx) titan, sp. u.

@. Nigra; alis nigro-ceruleis.

¢. Femine similis,

Long., 2 34-40 mm., ¢ 30 mm.

2. Clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate, labrum

rounded at the apex. Eyes separated on the vertex by a

distance very slightly exceeding the length of the second

joint of the flagellum ; posterior ocelli nearer to each other

than to the eyes. Antenne stout; vertex somewhat swollen

behind the ocelli. Pronotum rounded anteriorly, very

broadly arched posteriorly ; mesonotum longitudinally sub-

carinate in the middle on the posterior half; scutellum

and postscutellum moderately convex. Median segment

short, without lateral tubercles at the base, coarsely trans-

versely striated ; the posterior truncation almost vertical,

its surface smooth on the apical half; the dorsal surface

distinctly convex. Sixth tergite clothed with black hairs ;

transverse groove of the second sternite situated distinctly

behind the middle of the segment. Basal joint of the fore

tarsi with a comb of short stout spines; hind tibie with a

well-defined ridge above, on which are a few smail spines,

not serrate. Calcaria of the hind tibia exceeding one-third

of the length of the basal jomt of the hind tarsi. Tarsal

joints strongly spinose beneath ; tarsal ungues with four

teeth and with a comb of long sete.

6. Clypeus longer and narrower than in the female,

second joint of the flagellum much shorter, very little longer

than the third. Hind tibiz and tarsi clothed rather densely

with very short black hairs, the tarsal joints somewhat

flattened ; the ungues without a comb of long sete. Post-

scutellum more strongly convex than in the female, almost

subtuberculate. Groove of the second sternite shallow,

situated near the base. Neuration as in Hemipepsis ; radial

cell broadly truncate at the apex ; second recurrent nervure

received at one-third from the base of the third cubital cell,

very feebly curved.

Hab. Mianje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), November and

January; N.E. Rhodesia, between Fort Jameson and

Lundazi, 4000 ft. (S. A. Neave), June; Portuguese East

Africa, Busi River (C. F. M. Swynnerton), December ;

Uganda, Mt. Maroto, 3700 ft. (W. P. Lowe), January ;

British East Africa, Crater Lake, N.W. of Meru, 5700 ft.

(S. A. Neave), February.

294 Dr. F. A. Bather on the Homologies

This is allied in structure to H. heros, Guér.; in both

species the sixth sternite of the male has four longitudinal

carine, excluding the raised lateral margins, the outer pair

ending in a small spine and with a large tubercle at

the base, but the seventh sternite is broadly rounded at the

apex in ¢étan and truncate in heros. I do not think that

titan is a mere colour variety, though heros varies much in

colour, especially on the thorax; but it may be a local

race.

XXXIIIL.— The Homologies of the Anal Plate in Antedon.

By F. A. Baraer, D.Sc., F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

OF late years, since rigid distinctions were first drawn between

the various plates in the posterior interradius of Palaeozoic

Crinoids, the plate which appears, migrates, and disappears

in the posterior interradius of the larval Antedon, and is

called the anal plate, has been regarded as homologous with

the plate generally known as anal « (the brachianal of

Bather, 1890) in the Crinoidea Inadunata and Flexibilia.

Dr. Austin Hobart Clark, however (1912, Journ. Washing-

ton Acad. Sci. i. pp. 309- 314, and 1915, Monogr. Existing

Crinoids, vol. i. part 1, pp. 331-339 #), attempts to prove

that the anal of Antedon is homologous with the radianal

(Bather, 1890). A plate presumed to be the same occurs in

the young of Promachocrinus. The representative of anal w

is found by Dr. Clark in the posterior one of the small inter-

radial plates occasionally observed in Antedon and other

normal comatulid genera, while in Promachocrinus he would

homologise it with one of the additional arm-bearing plates

(pararadials, Bather, 1900).

Considering the extensive use that has been made of the

anal plates in the classification of the Palaeozoic Crinoids,

it seems advisable to examine Dr. Clark’s arguments. But

first let us recapitulate the main characters of ‘anal x and the

radianal, as seen in the Inadunata and Flexibilia.

Both of these plates are intimately connected with the

* The references, except when otherwise stated, are to the latter

work,

of the Anal Plate in Antedon. 295

right posterior radius. This is universally admitted with

regard to the radianal, which is in its origin the right posterior

inferradial, in other words part (if not really the whole) of

the radial itself. The same connection does not appear to be

so generally recognized in the case of anal «, but this con-

nection is one of the reasons that led me to give that plate

the name brachianal. Facts proving the connection were

published in the ‘Geological Magazine’ for January 1899,

and summarized in Lankester’s ‘ Treatise on Zoology,’ part il.

Echinoderma, pp. 120-122 (1900),

The geological history of the radianal is briefly as follows :—

It begins in Ordovician times as an inferradial *. Then, as

the posterior interradius widens, the radianal of the Dicyclic

Inadunata moves to the left of the right posterior radial, and,

while retaining its contact with the lower margin of that

plate and with the two underlying basals, comes also into

contact with anal a, if that plate be present (e. g., Palaeo-

erinus and Botryocrinus). In Silurian and Devonian times

the widening of the interradius continues, the radianal con-

tinues to move to the left and comes into contact with a plate

(rt) which sinks down on the right side of the anal tube

between wand r.post.R. (e. g., Huspirocrinus). This arrange-

ment is emphasized in such Carboniferous genera as Poterio-

crinus. In some later forms of the same group the radianal

may stretch upwards, as the body of the animal with its anal

structures comes to lie on rather than in the dorsal cup; but

while the other anal plates (x, rt) pass up beyond the limits

of the cup, the radianal invariably retains that connection

with the lower slope of r.post.R. which bears witness to its

inferradial origin. This arrangement is best shown in some

North-American and British species of Ulocrinus, and I have

recently discussed them in regard to this feature f. A parallel

* An inferradial is the lower half of a transversely bisected radial, the

upper half being distinguished as superradial. These terms were chosen

to indicate the truly radial nature of these plates, O. Jaekel and A. H.

Clark call the inferradials “ subradials.” ‘To this term there are two

objections. First, it implies that the plates are not radial elements, but

independent plates developed below the radials. This, however, does not

appear to be the intention of those two authors. Secondly, the term

subradial was used for the basals by De Koninck, and Dr. Clark seems to

have forgotten (p. 104) that in this use De Koninck was followed by

several American writers of repute down to the end of the nineteenth

century. As to possible homologies of the inferradials, see Bather, 1900,

Bet on Zoology,’ ii. p. 112, and 1918, Bull. Mus, Ottawa, i.

. 9, 14.

ee 1917, Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, xvi. pp. 210-212. On p. 211, in

line 4 of the middle paragraph, “ left posterior basal ” is u slip for “ right

posterior basal.” Of course, RA never touches ].post.B. in any genus.

296 Dr. F. A. Bather on the Homologies

course is followed by the Hupachyerinus series. In many

allied forms (e. g., Delocrinus) it is plain that the radianal

had disappeared before the migration of the other anals from

the cup was complete. There is no evidence that the radi-

anal ever followed those plates outside the cup limits. It

could only do so by losing its primitive morphological con-

nection with the lower end of r.post.R., a connection which it

invariably retains throughout the manifold modifications of

the anal area. The fate of the radianal, as indicated by the

fossils from Cambrian to Permian, is to disappear by atrophy

or resorption while still below the upper margin of the dorsal

cup. In the fossils from the Trias to the Pleistocene no

trace of it is found.

In the Monocyclic Inadunata the history of the radianal

is somewhat different. In the Pisocrinidae and their descen-

dants it is pushed to the right of r.post.R. instead of to the

left, and is eventually squeezed out of existence at the lower

end of the cup; it never rises between the radials.

In the Palaeozoic Flexibilia Impinnata the radianal may

assume a position abutting on anal a, similar to that in

Botryocrinus (vide supra), or it may remain below r.post.R.,

or even be thrust down into the basal circlet. The essential

point in the present connection is that no part of it ever rises

between the radials, as in the Dicyclic Inadunata. The facts

are given by Springer (1906, Journ. Geol. xiv. pp. 516-519).

If any of the later crinoids, including the comatulids, are

descended from the older Flexibilia, and correctly classed as

Flexibilia Pinnata, then it is important to note that the radi-

anal has not been observed in the adult of any one of them

from Triassic to Recent times.

Returning to anal z, and confining our attention to the

Dicyclic Inadunata, we find it beginning in Ordovician

genera above, or partly above, or between the two posterior

radials. In the last two cases it rests on the posterior basal,

but if a radianal be present it abuts or in part rests also on

that plate. It sinks furthest down into the cup in forms

with a wide anal area, such as Carabocrinus and Thenaro-

crinus, or in the peculiar Gasterocomidae, where the anus

opens on the side of the cup itself. Further width is attained,

especially in Poteriocrénus and its allies, by the sinking of

right and left tube-plates (7¢ and /¢) into the cup, the former

even meeting the radianal. The extreme of this development

is reached in some Lower Carboniferous genera, such as

Woodocrinus. ‘hen begins the consolidation of the cup and

the raising of the viscera. As the rectum passes upwards, so

—

of the Anal Plate in Antedon. 297

also does its proximal supporting plate 2, which thus grad-

ually rises above the radial circlet, until the two posterior

radials meet beneath it (e. g., Hrisocrinus). Thenceforward,

from the Trias onwards, the identity of anal w is lost in the

general plating of the adult anal tube when such a structure

exists.

Apart from all hypothesis, the historical facts make it

clear that anal « and the radianal are structures differing in

origin and development and ultimate fate. While anal «

has supra-radial relations, those of the radianal are inferradial,

While anal « finally passes up out of the cup, the radianal is

resorbed when within the cup limits.

If, then, in recent crinoids a plate is observed in young

stages between the posterior radials, and then migrating

upwards beyond the limits of the cup, it is natural, on the

theory of recapitulation, to regard that plate as # rather than

as the radianal.

Let us now consider Clark’s arguments.

First, as to the anal of Antedon and similar forms. He

says this is more closely connected with r.post.R. than with

].post.R. But this is just what I have always insisted on

as the case with anal x in the Ordovician and Silurian In-

adunata. If this tendency of the Antedon anal to keep to

the right “is a fact of the very highest importance,” then I

welcome it as confirming the views I have always expressed

concerning the true anal a.

Clark then passes to the anal in the young of Promacho-

crinus (p. 332). First he describes it as arising “in the

rhombic area between the corners of the basals and orals”

before any of the radials appear. That is to say, it lies in

the right posterior radius. “Soon afterward the [r.post.]

radial appears, just to the right of and in line with” the anal

plate. This radial grows faster than the anal and gradually

“surrounds” it, so that the anal “comes to lie in a deep

concavity in the side of the radial.” Later the r.post.

“radial extends itself beneath the anal and the concavity

becomes straightened out and disappears, the anal con-

currently being shoved diagonally forward (to the left) and

disappearing by resorption.” In a subsequent paragraph it

is added that the concavity which receives the anal is in “the

lower left hand portion of the radial,” also that the anal

migrates upwards.

These facts, says Dr. Clark, “leave no room for doubt that

the so-called anal of the pentacrinoid larvee is nothing more

nor less than the radianal of the fossil forms.”

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 20

298 Dr. F. A. Bather on the Homologies

In the absence of figures for Promachocrinus it is impossible

to be perfectly clear as to the precise relations of the plate in

question to the right posterior radial ; but the description is

far from convincing me that Dr, Clark’s conclusion is justified.

In the well-known figures of the Antedon larva by W. B.

warpenter and others, and in those of Hathrometra prolixa

Chich Clark here reproduces from Mortensen as evidence in

his favour, I find nothing to indicate that the anal is anything

other than anal zw ‘lhe upward migration of the plate

entirely favours this view. If the anal of Antedon be not

homologous with the plate im Promachocrinus, then the latter

might possibly be the radianal, since it does not migrate

beyond the limits of the cup. That fact, however, is scarcely

conclusive, since there is a special reason for it in this genus,

as will shortly appear.

Let us, then, see what further arguments Dr. Clark has to

offer. ‘‘ Since,” he writes, ‘the radianal is represented in

the pentacrinoids of the comatulids we should expect also to

find in the posterior interradius a second plate which we

could with a reasonable degree of probability identify as the

representative of the plate known as anal a; and such a plate

actually occurs.” This, of course, would be almost con-

clusive ; but the statement needs careful checking.

Fst, consider the facts adduced for genera with five

radials, as in Antedon. Wyville Thomson (1865, Phil.

Trans. p. 540) “in one or two cases observed” in Antedon

bifida, “ about the time of the first appearance of the anal

plate, a series of five minute rounded plates developed inter-

radially between the lower edges of the oral plates and the

upper edges of the basals.” The fate of these plates is

uncertain. ‘Thomson himself identified them with certain

perisomic interbrachials of the adult, but P. H. Carpenter

(1884, Chall. Rep. p. 40) doubted this, and regarded them as

true interradials, ultimately resorbed in Antedon, but homo-

logous with the permanent interradials of Thawmatocrinus.

With these plates A. H. Clark (p. 335) homologizes five

plates which appear in Comactinia (species not stated) at the

time of formation of the fiist primibrachs (IBr,) and lie on

the shoulders of the radials at such a height that their upper

halves are between the IBr,. In a single specimen of

Comactinia mertdionalis (p.317, fig. 412) each such plate was

surmounted by two others. In Comatilia iridometriformis

(of rather later stage, pl. i. figs. 528, 529) a “large rounded ”

plate rests in each interradius above the interbrachial

processes of the radials.

of the Anal Plate in Autedon. 299

If these plates in Comactinia and Comatilia are homolo-

gous with those first observed by Thomson in Antedon bifida,

then they seem to support Thomson’s interpretation of those

lates, Further, plates occupying such a position in the

adults of Palaeozoic crinoids, or in such Mesozoic genera as

Guettardicrinus and Uintacrinus, are no longer called “ inter-

radials”? but “interbrachials,” and are not regarded as

homologous with the true interradials of such forms as the

Rhodocrinidae. Consequently there does not seem to be good

reason for regarding such plates in the ordinary comatulid

larva as homologous with true primary interradials. Their

late appearance in development also suggests that they do

not represent plates of former importance in the cup. Even

if these plates were primary interradials, they would not, in

my opinion, have any bearing on the anal question. Anal «x

is a characteristic plate of the Inadunate Crinoids—in other

words, of those crinoids which are devoid of true interradials

or of any interbrachially situate cup-plates in interradii other

than the posterior. Whatever anal w may be, it is a special

plate developed or adapted for the widening of the anal area

and the support of the rectum. The same is the case with

the corresponding plate in the Adunata and the Flexibilia.

There is no reason for regarding it as one of five primary

interradials, retained while the other four have disappeared.

Consequently the existence of plates, whether interbrachials

or true interradials, in all five interradii of certain comatulids,

does not prevent us from regarding the specially developed

anal plate as the homologue of anal «.

Dr. Clark’s final argument, on which he lays most stress,

is drawn from Promachocrinus and Thaumatocrinus. Ever

since P. H. Carpenter described Lhaumatoc:inus renovatus in

1884 there has been a tendency to regard the plate in the

posterior interradius, which supports a short somewhat arm-

like process, as an anal plate. It is, however, one of five

similar plates, each separating the adjacent radials, and

therefore, so long as attention was confined to the original

specimen, ail to be regarded as true interradials. Dr. Clark

still so regards them, a at the same time homologizes tlie

posterior one with anal w ‘That homology is open to the

same objections as have nei been raised in the case of the

supposed interradials of the ordinary comatulids.

Dr. Clark’s own work, however, by putting a new com-

plexion on 7’. venovatus, has made his homology even more

difficult of acceptance. He has shown, in the first place,

that 7. renovatus is the young of the species later described

20*

300 Dr. F. A. Bather on the Homologies

as Promachocrinus abyssorum. The process borne by the

posterior plate is indeed a developing arm, and Clark suspects

“that smaller arms borne on the other interradials have been

lost.... During growth the posterior interradial arm of

Traumatocrinus becomes reduplicated on all the other inter-

radial plates, and all of the five interradial arms gradually

increase to the size of the five primary arms so that the

10-armed Promachocrinus abyssorum results” (p. 338). It

follows from this that the supposed interradials of Thaumato-

crinus, including the posterior one or supposed anal, are of

precisely the same nature as the five arm- bearing plates

which in Promachocrinus have been added to the five normal

radials of the ordinary comatulid. Dr. Clark calls all these

plates “interradials,” a term which suits his argument, but

which searcely seems justi ified,

In 1900 (Lankester’s ‘Treatise on Zoology,’ i. p. 150) I

suggested that these “ interradial radials”” were of the same

nature as the arm-bearing plates in the cup of the Monocyclic

Inadunata Calycanthocrinus and the Catillocrinidae, for which

plates Jaekel in 1895 had devised the excellent term “ para-

radials.” Dr. Clark now tells us how the pararadials of the

Promachocrinidae develop. They “arise very early in life

and are from the first equal in height to the radials. They

are probably ... best interpreted as a sort of lateral budding

from, or a delayed reduplication of, the radial to the lett.

As the radials move apart [the pararadials | continue to

broaden, and their development in all ways is proportionate

to their breadth as compared with the breadth of the normal

primary radials” (p. 337). The development of the arms

which they support bears a similar relation to the arms borne

by the normal radials. The opinion that each pararadial is

in a sense derived from the radial to the left of it is confirmed

by various facts. Thus the posterior pararadial always

maintains “a closer relation with the’ left posterior radial

than with the right posterior (p. 386). In some thirt

6-rayed specimens of Promachocrinus studied by Dr. Clark

the supernumerary ray is in all cases but two inserted to the

right of the left posterior radial, and receives its food-groove

from the groove-trunk leading to that radial (p. 338).

The posterior pararadial appears to originate slightly before

the others; in the original specimen of Zhaumatocrinus

renovatus its arm was more developed, and, as just stated, it

is sometimes the only one to be formed. ‘These facts are

very simply explained as due to the relatively greater widening

of the posterior interradius by the pressure of the rectum.

—-

———

of the Anal Plate in Antedon. 301

It is not necessary to suppose, as Dr, Clark does, that the

posterior pararadial represents a phylogenetically persistent

anal a, which subsequently is reduplicated in the other

interradil. B

The facts given by Dr. Clark seem to me fo show that

the pararadials of the Promachocrinidae are really of radial

origin. There is no more reason to regard them as inter-

radials than there would be in the case of the Catillocrinidae.

A similar proliferation of arm-bearing, or, rather, brachiole-

bearing, elements is seen in many Cystidea Rhombifera,

e. g., Cheirocrinus (Bather, 1913, Trans. R. Soe. Edinburgh,

xlix. p. 446, figs. 52-59).

Dr. Clark, it is true, has some ingenious remarks, appa-

rently intended to show that there is no real difference between

a radial and an interradial. To quote from his paper of

1912 (p. 312): “while a plate if situated below the ventral

edge of the perisomic surface may give rise to a simple series

of more or less similar plates running up to the edge of the

ventral surface, and possibly continued further along the anal

tube, the same plate if situated just at the ventral surface will

give rise to an arm or a group of arms exactly like those

arising from the radials. The character of the ossicles

following a plate is not determined so much by the character

of the plate itself as by its position in reference to the

boundary between the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the

animal.” This seems to me hopelessly inconsistent with

well-known facts. On the one hand, there are plenty of

genera in which the anal is on a line with the radials and yet

does not give rise to an arm (e. Hexacrinus) 3 on the

other, there are genera in which some radials, though on a

level with the others, cease to bear arms (Ee. g., Tribrachio-

crinus, Sycocrinus).

We have, then, found no reason for accepting Dr. Clark’s

statement fhat a “ representative of anal w actually occurs as

along with the plate which he calls the radianal. Conse-

uently that argument for the radianal nature of the latter

plate falls to the ground. The facts do, however, throw

light on the non-migration of the anal in Promachocrinus, the

peculiarity which, 16 was admitted, might conceivably en-

courage one to regard it as the radianal (antea, p. 298).

Dr. Clark says (p. 837) : “I have examined pentacrinoids of

Promachocrinus kerguelensts in which both the radianal and

anal w are present, the former dwindling, the latter increasing

in size. They are situated side by side between tle two

posterior radials? Obviously the lateral growth of the

302 Mr. O. Thomas on the

posterior pararadial (Clark’s “anal #”’) prevents the upward

migration of the anal (Clark’s “radianal”’?) and inhibits its

further growth, partly by drawing on its stereom for its own

supply of calcium carbonate.

We may, therefore, continue to regard the anal in the

Promachocrinidae as homologous with that of the other

comatulid larvae, and, in all, as the representative of anal «.

XXXIV.—On the Arrangement of the small Tenrecide

hitherto referred to Oryzorictes and Microgale. By Oxp-

FIELD ‘THOMAS. :

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THERE has long been some doubt as to the distinction from

each other of the two genera Oryzorictes and Microgale, the

latter of which I described in 1882, twelve years after

Grandidier had described the former, and in consequence of

this doubt the generic allocations used by Forsyth Major in

describing the many new forms of Tenrec-shrews which he

discovered during his successful expedition of 1894—96 have

never been revised or confirmed.

I have now had an opportunity of going over the Museum

material of the group with a view to putting its generic

arrangement more in order than it was left by Dr. Major,

who never completed the admirable work he began on it.

No additional specimens have been received since his

collection came, but the fine series he obtained, combined

with those previously collected by Mr. Deans Cowan and

worked out by me, have enabled me to obtain some idea of

the natural arrangement of the group.

I find that it may be divided into five genera, whose chief

characteristics are set out in the following synopsis :—

A. Claws not markedly fossorial, the anterior

not or little longer than the posterior.

Canines not dominant, commonly low and

bifid, and never surpassing the anterior

incisors.

a. Molars with marked internal lobe. In-

cisors diminishing backwards, the canine

considerably longer than 2°. Muzzle

little elongated, the teeth touching each

other. Fore-claws not longer than

hind,

Arr mgement of the small Tenrecidee. 303

a?, Skull heavily built. Interorbital region

parallel-sided. A high lambdoid ,

crest present. Zygomatic process of

squamosal prominent, projecting late-

rally beyond brain-case, Teeth stout

and heavy; posterior secondary cusps

reduced or absent .........ss...-. 1. Nesogale, g. n.

b?, Skull papery ; tapering forwards evenly

from the brain-case. Lambdoid crest

not or scarcely developed, and not

interrupting the smooth even profile

of the skull. Zygomatice process of

squamosal minute, surpassed by the

lateral inflation of the brain-case.

Teeth light and delicate; posterior

secondary cusps well developed .... 2. Microgale, Thos.

b. Internal basal lobe of molars obsolete.

Incisors subequal, the bicuspid canine

little surpassing 2°. Muzzle long and

slender, the teeth widely spaced. Fore

claws longer than hind .............. 3. Leptogale, g. n.

B. Claws markedly fossorial, the third anterior

twice the length of the third posterior.

Canines dominant, always surpassing the

anterior incisor; their secondary cusp

quite small.

a. Pollex absent. Fur ordinary. Skull less

hroadenedebeninds pm ac). cesta cine eres © 4, Nesoryctes, g. n.

b, Pollex present. Fur velvety, mole-like.

Skull more broadened behind ........ 5. Oryzorictes, Grand.

In the following notes the more important generic

characters are not necessarily repeated, as they have been

already given in the synopsis above :—

1. NEsoGaLe, g. 0.

Genotype. N. dobsoni (Microgale dobsoni, Thos.).

Other species :—talazaci, Maj.

A larger heavier form, related to Microgale, but with

more powerful teeth and heavily ridged skull. In side view

the skull is peculiar for the sinuosity of its profile, the high

transverse occipital ridge being succeeded anteriorly by a

concavity, in front of which again there is a marked con-

vexity whence the profile runs straight to the tip of the

nasals, or is even slightly concave or sinuous. Below there

is a marked ridge connecting the postglenoid processes with

the entopterygoids, the ectopterygoids being practically

obsolete.

Teeth essentially like those of Microgale, but stouter and

304 Mr. O. Thomas on the

heavier throughout, and the posterior basal cusp of the

incisors and canines is reduced or absent. The anterior

incisors are always longer than the canines.

A specimen in spirit of N. dobsoni, obtained by Dr. Major,

has got an incrassated tail, but whether this is normal or

seasonal I am not able to state.

2. Mrcrocare, Thos.

Genotype. MW. longicaudata, Thos.

Other described forms :—

cowani, Thos.

cowani nigrescens, Kill. *

crassipes, M.-lidw.

longirostris, Maj.

majori, sp. n. (infra).

pusilla, Maj.

taiva, Maj.

thomasi, Maj.’

The characters of the teeth and the smoothly rounded

profile of the skull, uninterrupted by any ridges or sinuosity,

are sufficiently indicated in the figures in the original

description +.

As noted below, the longer-tailed species, Jongicaudata and

majori, have the tail modified for prehension terminally, and

the shorter-tailed forms, cowani and thomasi, not. But the

intermediate-tailed taiva and pusilla are as intermediate in

the structure as in the length of the tail, and show that no

superspecific value can be attached to the modification.

The animal called M. c. nigrescens by Elliot is undoubtedly

a mere melanism of a species which Dr. Major got in some

numbers and which he referred to M. cowani. Several

intermediate examples between the wholly brown and wholly

black forms occur in our series, with a greater or less extent

of the median dorsal area black.

But what its proper determination is still remains rather

doubtful, as no less than three different points bearing on

the question need further material for their elucidation.

Firstly, what variation is found in typical M. cowani, for the

type of that species differs in certain details of dentition

* P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xviii. p. 237 (1905).

+ J. Linn. Soe., Zool. xvi. p. 819 (1882).

Arrangement of the small Tenrecide. 305

from Dr. Major’s “ M. cowani.” Secondly, what M. ecras-

sipes, M.-Kdw., is—the measurements are not very different

from those of Dr. Major’s animal, though the claws would

seem to be longer. And, thirdly, whether M. longirostris,

Maj., is really different from his ‘ M. cowani”?; the hiud

foot of the type is certainly unusually long, but otherwise

I can see no difference. On the whole, pending the arrival

of further material, I am inclined to believe that the speci-

mens called cowani by Major are not that species but are

the same as his dongirostris, of which, therefore, nigrescens

would be a synonym. And crassipes may also possibly be

the same animal.

The following new species was obtained by Mr. Deans

Cowan with the first series of the genus, but was not then

distinguished by me from M. longicaudata :—

Microgale majori, sp. n.

Allied to and of the same general proportions as M. longi-

caudata, but decidedly smaller and with less excessively

long tail.

Length of skull and feet from 2-3 mm. less than in

M. longicaudata. Colour, of a specimen skinned from spirit

and therefore probably too rufous, reddish brown above and

near “ sayal-brown ” below—but without specimens skinned

fresh, these colours cannot be trusted ; bases of hairs every-

where dark slaty. Hands and feet brownish white. Tail

very long, though not so long as in longicaudata, brown

above, paler below.

Skull very similar in shape to that of M. longicaudata,

but decidedly smaller. The brain-case is, however, rather

more smoothly rounded, without such a marked inflation at

the poit where its greatest breadth occurs.

Dimensions of the type, those of the type of longicaudata

in brackets :-—

Head and body 60 mm. (67); tail 109 (158) ; hind foot

16 (182); ear 13 (15).

Skull: greatest length 20°5 (22) ; condylo-basal length

19°6 (20°9); greatest breadth across brain-case 9 (9°6) ;

palatal length 9:4 (10°5) ; front of canine to back of m3 6:8

(74) ; combined length of p*~m? 3:1 (3-4).

Hab. Ankafina Forest, Eastern Betsileo.

Type. Adult female, skinned out of spirit. B.M. no.

82.3.1.17. Collected February, 1881, by the Rev. W.

Deans Cowan. Thirty-seven specimens originally examined,

306 On the Arrangement of the small Tenrecidex.

of which, however, the majority were not retained for the

-Museum.

When I originally described Microgale longicaudata *,

two of the specimens measured, one of them the type,

stood out from the rest by their larger size and longer tails,

but they were not thought to be specifically different until

Dr. Forsyth Major, a few years ago, drew my attention to

the possibility of two species being mixed up in the series.

After the extraction of further skulls I find this suggestion

to be correct, and now name the new species in honour of

its first observer. The skull-measurements, however, given

in the original description of longicaudata are those of a

majori, and I therefore now publish for the first time those

of the real longicaudata, taken from the type, no. 82. 3.1.15.

The latter species is evidently much the rarer of the two, as

only two specimens of it were collected by Mr. Cowan as

against thirty-seven of majori. . An additional example

of lonyicaudata was obtained by Dr. Major at Amboanara in

1896.

It may be of interest to record that these two long-tailed

species of Microgale have the end of the tail for from half

an inch to an inch naked and transversely wrinkled on its

upper surface, just as in certain prehensile-tailed Muride.

This character, and also the more lengthened fifth hind toe

of the same species, indicates that these forms are arboreal,

being the only Insectivora—other than the Tupaiide—

which are so. Nor is any other truly prehensile tail known

in the order.

3. LEPTOGALE, g. 0.

Genotype. L. gracilis (Oryzoryctes gracilis, Maj.).

A remarkably slender-skulled form, with quite a number

of special characteristics. The peculiar long narrow muzzle

and small subequal widely spaced teeth, and the suppression

in the molars of the prominent internal lobe so marked in

other forms, render this one of the most isolated members of

the group.

Dr. Major’s brief preliminary account of it indicates that

he appreciated its nearer relationship to Microgale than to

Oryzorictes, and his use of the latter name was only due to

his then thinking it possible that the two genera would

grade into one another, and he therefore used the earlier

* J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvi. p. 319 (1882).

On the Baculum of some Genera of Mustelide. 307

name. But that he later realized its peculiarity is proved

by his having written on the typical skin a special generic

name, no doubt intended for ultimate publication.

4. NESORYCTES, g. n.

Genotype. N. tetradactylus (Oryzoryctes tetradactylus,

M.-Edw. & Grand.).

No other species known, as O. niger, Maj., appears to me

to be merely a melanism of N. tetradactylus.

Very like Oryzorictes in most respects, but not quite so

highly modified for a fossorial life and with ouly four fore-

claws. Its fur is like that of other members of the group,

and not modified into the velvety condition of that of the

Talpide, as is the case in Oryzorictes. The skull also is less

markedly ridged and broadened behind than in that genus,

nor is it so expanded at the tip of the muzzle.

No special differential characters in the teeth.

It may be here recorded that both Microgale cowant and

Nesoryctes tetradactylus possess a baculum in the penis.

The presence of this bone has been recorded in the larger

Tenrecidz, but no other Insectivores possess it.

The bone in Nesoryctes is a simple slightly curved spicule

6 mm. in length, thickened at the proximal end.

5. Oryzorictes, M.-Edw.

Oryzoryctes, Trouess. (emend.).

Genotype and only species. O. hova, M.-Edw.

XXXV.—The Baculum or Os Penis of some Genera of

Mustelide. By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S.

Mr. OLDFIELD THOMAS’S paper upon the os penis—or the

baculum, as he appropriately names it—of the Sciuridee shows

that this bone, at least in the case of those rodents, has a quite

unexpected value, greater than that supplied by the skulls

and teeth, in determining the affinities of the genera. Very

possibly it has a similar systematic importance in other

groups of Mammalia, and deserves, in consequence, more

attention than has hitherto been given to it by osteologists.

As has long been known, this bone is especially well

developed in the Arctoid and Cynoid Carnivora. It has been

308 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the Baculum or

described in a great many genera of Canidse, Urside, Pro-

cyonidee, and Mustelidee ; and in the case of the Mustelide

it was made the subject of a special paper by Pohl (Jena.

Zeitschr. xlv. pp. 381-394, 1909), who figured and described

the bone in the following genera and species :—Galera

barbara, Lutra lutra, Gulv luseus, Meles meles, Zorilla zorilla,

Martes foina, Martes martes, Mustela erminea, Mustela nivalis,

and Putorius putorius *.

During the past few years I have collected the bacula of

a considerable number of Mustelide that have died in the

Gardens of the Zoological Society, and have verified the

observations published by Pohl and others on the following

species :—Lutra lutra{, Meles meles, Galera barbara, Zorilla

striata, Martes foina and M. martes, Mustela erminea and

M. nivalis; Putorius putorius, and Gulo gulo. To these I

am now able to add Grison furax and Charronia flavigula, of

which the bacula have not been previously described appa-

rently, and I have taken the opportunity of figuring and

describing it in Mellivora, because it was very indifferently

described and left unfigured by Gilbert.

Attention may again be drawn to the singular differences

between the bacula of Mustela erminea and M. nivalis. By

the shape of the bone the latter falls into the same category

as Mustela (Putorius) putorius and furo. In M. africana the

bone is shaped substantially as in JZ, nivalis.

I may add that the tip of the glans penis in the Mustelidze

is composed of highly vascular erectile tissue, which, when

distended with blood, fills the concavity of the bone formed

by the upcurvature of its distal end.

Genus CHARRONIA, Gray.

Martes, section c, Charronia, Gray, Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus, 1869, p. 86;

type, flavigula, Bennett.

The characters embodied by Gray in his definition of

Charronia were of little or no systematic value. Down to

the present time therefore the large Oriental marten (MZ. flawi-

gula) has been invariably assigned to the genus Martes. It

appears to me, however, that the structure of the baculum,

* Pohl, it should be explained, referred foina and martes to the genus

Mustela and erminea and nivalis to the genus Ictis. I have here altered

his terminology to bring the names into accord with recent usage. Since

the memoir contains references to previously published works upon the

subject in hand, I have not troubled to cite them in this paper.

+ Loénnberg has figured and described the baculum of the sea-otter

Letax lutris (Anat. Anz, xxxviii. p. 231, 1911).

Os Penis of some Genera of Mustelide. 309

Baculum of Grison furaa from the left side, nat. size.

Extremity of the same, X 2.

Extremity of the same from above, X 2.

Extremity of baculum of Martes foina from the left side, x 2.

Baculum of Charronia flavigula trom the left side, nat. size.

. Extremity of the same, X 2.

. The same from the front, x 2.

. The same from the right side, x 2.

. Baculum of Mellivora from the left side, nat. size.

. Extremity of the same from below, nat. size.

The same from above, nat. size.

m. The same from the front.

PoRe ie rR

In a, d, e, and i the dotted line shows the course of the urethra along

the ventral side of the baculum.

310 Mr. R. 1. Pocock on the Baculum or

which differs greatly from that of Martes martes and M. fotna,

justifies completely the future adoption of Charronia in full

generic sense.

The genus may be diagnosed as follows :—Baculum long,

slender, nearly straight, and=near ly evenly attenuated for ble

greater part of its len eth, its terminal sixth being slightly

expanded and strongly upcurled. Its basal third a little

compressed above, flat below, and marked by a shallow wide

groove. The portion of the baculum between this point and

the upeurled end is subeylindrical and has no inferior groove.

The terminal portion is bent abruptly upwards and slightly

backwards with a concavo-convex curvature, the proximal

half of this portion being somewhat depressed and widely

grooved above and very indistinctly and narrowly grooved

below. The apex is a little expanded and is furnished with

four subsymmetrically arranged, short, blunt processes

arranged quadrilaterally, the two posterior being geniculate,

longer, and set higher up than the anterior, all ending in

slightly expanded and rounded tips. The anterior process of

the right side is the thickest of the four, and the posterior

of the: right side is set a little further back than the posterior

of the left side.

The baculum examined, extracted from an old example of

Charronia flavigula peninsularis, gives the following measure-

ments :—Total length 78 mmm., length tollowing the inferior

curvature of the upturned end 85 mm., basal width 4 mm.,

width at narrowest part 8 mm., width of tip4 mm. The

great length of this baculum may be judged by comparing

it with that of the adult Mellivora recorded below and with

that of an example of Galera barbara with a basal skull-

measurement of 103 mm., that of the C. flavigula being

86 mm. In the Galera the baculum is only 6] mm. Again,

ina specimen of Martes foina with a basal skull-measurement

of 72 mm., the baculum is 55mm. It thus more nearly

approaches the baculum ot C. flaviyula in relative dimensions

tiian in Galera.

The baculum of Charronia flavigula differs from that of

Martes foina and AM. martes in the following respects :—In

tiie two species of Martes the distal third ot the bone is bent

upwards with a gradual and open curvature, the tip 1s not

expanded and ends in two branches—a lower, which is nearly

straight, and an upper, which rises on the right side of the

base of the lower and curves obliquely forwards towards the

left to coalesce with the distal end of the lower in adult

examples of J. foina, but remaining permanently distinet

Os Penis of some Genera of Mustelide. 311

from it at all ages in M, martes, as established by Pohl and

others.

Genus GRISON, Gray.

In an example of Grison furax from Cordova, in Argen-

tina, the baculum is slender and moderately long, with a

sinuous curvature in its thicker basal third, the rest of the

main shaft being straight and attenuated, and approximately

the terminal sixth a little expanded and depressed. The

posterior third is compressed and carinaté above, flat but not

grooved below. From the posterior third up to the depressed

termination the slender shaft is cylindrical and marked below

by a narrow linear groove. The terminal piece is parallel-

sided and apically rounded. It is depressed at an angle of

about 140°, and just at the bend on the upper side there rises

a pair of erect horn-like apically rounded excrescences.

Total length 44 mm. ; length of depressed termination 6 mm.,

width across the horns 3 mm., of narrowest part just behind

the horns 2 mm.

This baculum differs from that of all the Mustelide in

which the bone has been described in having the end de-

pressed and provided with two short upstanding processes on

the dorsal side a little behind the apex. At first sight it

recalls the baculum of the Procyonid Bassariscus described

by Lénnberg (Anat. Anz. xxxvil. p. 232, 1911), but in that

genus the two processes arise from the underside of the bone.

Genus MELLIVoRA, Storr.

The baculum of this genus was very briefly described by

Gilbert, and the description was repeated by Pohl, to whom

the bone itself was quite unknown. It may be interesting

and useful, therefore, to publish a figure and a new descrip-

tion of it.

Baculum deep and wide at its root, attenuated and tolerably

straight for five-sixths of its length, the terminal sixth being

upturned and expanded. The upper edge of the basal half

somewhat compressed and subcarinate. The lower surface

widely grooved longitudinally. The wide apex not recurved,

but directed forwards and upwards and expanded into a cup-

shaped hollow much wider from side to side than from above

downwards. The thin upper and lateral rims of the cup

form a continuous nearly semicircular curve, but the lower

rim is transverse and interrupted in the middle line by a

narrow deep cleft which at the bottom passes into the groove

312 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

traversing the lower surface of the baculum. ‘The edge of

the cup on each side of this cleft forms a lobate thickening.

The measurements of the baculum examined, which was

extracted from a specimen of Mellivora ratel, are as follows :—

Total length in a straight line 70 mm. ; length along the

inferior curve 77 mm. ; width at the is 11 mm., at the

narrowest point behind the upcurved end 4 mm.; of the

expanded cup-like termination 12 mm., height of the latter

9 mm.

It may be added that in Mellivora, as in other genera and

species of Mustelines with the tip of the baculum upcurled,

the urethral canal does not follow the curvature, but runs

straight forwards, following the line of the lower surface of

the baculum.

XXXVI.—New Heterocera in the Joicey Collection.

By Lovis B. Prout, F.E.S

Family Zygenide.

Subfamily CuazcoszvZ.

1. Lterusia proprimarginata, sp. 0.

jg .—48 mm.

Head and body above black, beneath pale buff; collar

red, as in pulchella, Koll. Abdomen above with very fine,

in part interrupted, buff rings at the extremities of the

segments.

Wings shaped as in pulchella.. Fore wing brownish black,

the yellow markings consisting of a longitudinal streak be-

hind cell from base, as in pulchella, the transverse median

band more interrupted at M than in that species ; a large

spot at the discocellulars, and a row of submarginal spots

between SC® and M’, recalling the anterior part of the

series which is developed in elizabetha, Walk. Hind winy

predominantly yellow, blackened im proximal part of cell,

on veins M (as far as the origin of M’*), M’, and SM’, in

the abdominal region to the same extent as ‘in elicabetha,

and irregularly at the distal margin, the border being rather

narrow (about 2 mm.) between apex and M!, then forming

a triangular proximal projection; a roundish black spot

between R*® and M', nearly touching the distal border.

HMeterocera in the Joicey Collection. 313

Fore wing beneath with the yellow markings a little

broadened, the subapical ones paler. Hind wing beneath

with the black parts only feebly expressed (olive-grey),

but with two strong roundish black outer spots, one

corresponding to that of upperside, the second between

M’* and M?.

Chang Yang, Central China, July 1888 (A. E. Pratt).

Type in Coll. Joicey ; 2 ¢ ¢ in coll. Brit. Mus. Alsoa ¢

from Ichang and one from Ta-tsien-lu in coll. Brit. Mus.

Unaccountably mixed by Leech among elizabetha ; collar

red, wings narrower, fore wing wanting the yellow longi-

tudinal line in cell and the large submarginal spot behind

M’; hind wing wanting the black transverse mark near end

of cell and with narrower, quite differently shaped distal

border. Evidently nearer to pulchella, but larger, both

wings differently marked in distal half.

Family Geometride.

Subfamily Heurruziva*

2. Synclysmus nigrocristatus, sp. n.

3 .—3l1 mm.

Face whitish, irrorated with light brown and darker red-

brown, a small pointed tuft at the lower extremity tipped

with the latter colour. Palpus black on upper and outer

sides and at tip. Vertex white mixed with brown. Thorax

dirty white, much mixed with brown and red-brown above,

and in part with black. Abdomen more ochreous, with

rather strong brown black-mixed crests; a red tinge on

sides.

Fore wing white, shaded with light brown (less strongly

in submedian and terminal areas than in the rest of the

wing) ; lines formed of black irroration more condensed at

anterior end ; first extremely oblique from costa at base;

antemedian from costa at 3°5 mm. to middle of hind margin,

sinuous, excurved in cell, incurved between fold and SM?;

postmedian at about two-thirds, dentate, rather deeply inbent

between the radials and again between M’ and fold; a more

reddish-brown shade between this and the very indistinct,

dentate, whitish subterminal; termen with elongate black

markings between the veins.

Hind wing long (Pingasa-shaped), whiter than fore wing,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 21

314 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

with postmedian line indicated posteriorly, marked with a

small dark spot at abdominal margin and slight indications

of small admarginal spots between the veins ; terminal

markings as on fore wing. Fore wing beneath white, in

anterior part (except towards distal margin) with some

coarse dark irroration, at costal margin mixed with reddish ;

a slight blackish patch at base of costa, a stronger one at

origin of postmedian line, which otherwise is scarcely

developed ;_ terminal markings weaker than above. Hind

wing beneath with weak terminal markings.

Diego-Suarez, Madagascar.

3. Heterorachis melanophragma, sp. 0.

o .—22 mm.

Face blackish brown. Palpus beneath pale. Vertex

white. Antenna pale ochreous, in places with a tinge of

reddish ; pectinations long. Thorax above green ; abdomen

above reddish sprinkled with black, the anterior segments

each with a white spot, the posterior ones with a white belt.

Underside of body*and legs pale ; fore leg somewhat marked

with red; hind tibia somewhat dilated.

Fore wing with SC’ anastomosing slightly with C, R’

connate, M' connate ; pale French-green or dull malachite-

green, more opaque than diaphana, Warr.; costal edge

narrowly ochreous ; a small black cell-dot ; a slender inter-

rupted brown terminal hne, strongly sprinkled with black

scales ; fringe chequered, blackish opposite the veins, white

between.

Hind wing with termen more ventricose than in diaphana ;

C anastomosing very slightly with SC, continuing appressed

for a short distance, SC? short-stalked, M’ short-stalked ;

as fore wing. Underside whitish green, unmarked ; costal

edge of fore wing rather more broadly ochreous than above,

but somewhat paler.

Diego-Suarez, Madagascar.

Subfamily Srerrurs.

4. Anisodes (Pisoraca) concinnipicta, sp. 0.

$ — 41-42 mm,

Face and palpus dull reddish above, whitish buff below ;

palpus long (nearly three times diameter of eye), second joint

Feterocera in the Joicey Collection. 315

with the erect hairs of upperside strongly developed, third

joint nearly as long as second. Vertex and antennal shaft

pale, with only very minute and very sparse pink irroration.

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings ; tegula with

a geranium-pink transverse bar near extremity; abdomen

with pink dorsal dots on first two or three segments ; hind

tibia with the single proximal spur well developed.

Fore wing moderately elongate, termen almost smooth ;

cream-buff with fine pink irroration; a minute pink

whitish-pupilled annulus on DC; antemedian pink dots

placed as in fastidiosa, Dogn. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliv.

p- 441), but on an average more elongate, especially that on

the cell-fold; a faint zigzag grey median shade placed

nearly as in fastidiosa or still more oblique posteriorly ;

postmedian pink dots nearly parallel with median shade,

connected by faint traces of a fine line ; submarginal pale

line very feebly indicated by faint shades proximally and

distally ; terminal dots small, but sharp.

Hind wing with termen subcrenulate, with an appreciably

stronger tooth at R?; M* widely separate from R* ; markings

corresponding to those of fore wing. Underside less

irrorated ; markings nearly as in fastidiosa, median shade

of fore wing rather broad, proximal subterminal shade of

fore wing and median shade of hind wing rather well

developed.

Sierra del Libane, Colombia, 6000 ft. CH. H. Smith),

May be placed next to punctulosa, Warr. (Nov. Zool.

Xi. Px ol).

Subfamily Gromerrinvz.

5. Mimaletis paucialbata, sp. 0.

3 .—40-43 mm.

Head and body with the colouring of the rest of the group

(postica, Walk., &c.), the three areas of the face (black

down the centre, white down the sides) sharply defined, the

white dorsal markings of abdomen not very broad.

Fore wing narrower than in the allies ; the orange ground-

colour less reddish ; costal edge very narrowly black to

base ; a very small black basal mark, throwing out a slight

prong along M ; black apical border broad anteriorly, its

margin commencing at middle of costa and running fairly

straight to hind margin close to tornus, slightly crenulate ;

21*

316 Mr. L. B. Prout on new

the contained white spots small, the anterior one not

reaching SC*® or R*, the second very small and the third

a minute dot ; posterior margin slightly folded and narrowly

blackish.

Hind wing slightly narrower than in the allies ; the black

cell-spot large; border not broad, the white spots small or

very small, anteriorly obsolescent. Underside similar, but

with the white spots of hind wing slightly better developed.

Lake Bangweolo, N. Rhodesia, Sept. 1917 (7. A. Barns),

Rigs

Superficially nearest to reducta, Prout (Nov. Zool. xxii.

p. 869), but with the white spots still further reduced ; very

distinct in shape, robuster build, coloration, large cell-spot

of hind wing, &e. 5

6. Craspedosis niveosignata latesignata, subsp. n.

$ — Distinguished from name-typical niveosignata, Warr.

(Nov. Zool. vi. p. 47, Ron Island), by having the white

patches broader (on fore wing at R® 4 mm., on hind wing

from proximal edge to distal edge at K* 8 mm.), sometimes

in addition blurred white scaling behind middle of cell of

fore wing. Abdomen with the black belts dorsally inter-

rupted or obsolete.

Mysol, foot-hills, 100-500 ft., Oct.-Nov. 1916, wet

season (W. J. C. Frost), 3 3 3.

Family Hypside.

7. Aganais diastropha, sp. un.

& .—55 mm.

Head orange ; palpus with a black spot at end of first

and of second joint, third joint wholly black; antenna

black. Thorax and abdomen orange, paler beneath; abdo-

men with black spots dorsally and laterally.

Fore wing with termen curved, extremely oblique, hind

margin slightly excavated close to tornus, then protuberant,

the sex-patch strongly developed ; fawn-colour, proximally

mixed with orange, without sharp demarcation ; the cell-

spot of underside showing through. Underside orange,

rather paler than above, the apical region of fore wing

(from costa just before cell-spot to tornus) and the sex-

patch and a few apical scales of hind wing fawn-colour with

Fleterocera in the Jotcey Collection. ay

a smoky admixture; fore wing with a large black cell-spot,

hind wing with a black dot. .

Maevatanana, Tananarivo district, Madagascar, 2 3 3.

It is not altogether impossible that this may be the ¢ of

concolora, Swinh. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 503),

described from the ? only, but it seems very improbable,

as that. has broad wings, the second joint of palpus more

extended black above, the tarsi and spurs black, &c.

8. Nyctemera pellex frosti, subsp. n.

&o .—40-43 mm.

Fore wing with the white spots reduced in size; the

elongate white hind-marginal streak reduced to a small spot

(1 or 2 mm. in length) at 5 or 6 mm. from base.

Hind wing with black border strongly broadened (as in

some aberrations of pellex separata, from the Northern

Moluccas) ; abdominal margin broadly grey-black, this shade

extending at least to the fold, and proximally encroaching

so as even to enter the cell ; the black at costal margin

shaped as in pellex separata.

Kei Islands, Dec. 1916-Feb. 1917 (W. J. C. Frost), type

6 and another.

9. Nyctemera luctuosum rostrigera, subsp. n.

? .—Forewing with the white subbasal patch behind the cell

enlarged, reaching posteriorly to SM’, thus only separated,

in its distal part, from the hind-marginal white streak by a

line along SM? ; postdiscal white band in general somewhat

narrowed ; a beak-shaped white projection outward from this

band between R? and R*,as in galbanum, Swinh.; fringe

sometimes whitened towards tornus. Hind wing with the

white in the fringes more or less extended.

Philippines: Cebu (J. J. Mounsey), type 2 and another ;

Mindanao (ex Semper), two ? ?.

This is certainly the Juctwosum of Semper (compare

Schmett. Philippinen. p. 492, pl. lviii. fig. 1), but I am

by no means certain that it is not a distinct species or

possibly a dimorph of galbanum, Swinh., wanting the

characteristic white spot in cell of fore wing ; compare the

remarks of Semper (/. c.) under that species, though gal-

banum is certainly not the Luzon representative of /uctwosum

(rostrigera), for the Joicey collection possesses three typical

galbanum from Cebu.

318 Mr. S. Maulik on Laccoptera vigintisex-notata.

Family Liparide.

10. Otroeda varunea tenuimargo, subsp. n.

3. Fore wing with the black border much reduced, at its

widest part 8 mm., behind R? scarcely over 1 mm.in width,

vanishing in a point before M?; the contained white spots

also reduced, well separated, the one between R* and R?

placed entirely on the ground-colour, in an angle which is

formed by the apical and discal border.

Hind wing with the border rather narrow.

Abercorn, N. Rhodesia, June 1917 (7. A. Barns).

The first eastern representative known to me of this

group. Some entomologists to whom I have shown it have

thought it a good species, chiefly on account of the angle in

the black border of the fore wing ; but as I have seen some

rather intermediate aberrations from the Lualaba River,

Congo, I feel satisfied it is merely a local race. The black

streaks from costa are not extremely attenuated ; the

proximal ends on M? about 5 mm. from its origin, the

distal in a fine point just behind M’, but both will probably

prove more or less variable in development.

XXXVIT.—WNote on Laccoptera vigintisex-notata, Boheman.

By 8. Mautix, B.A. Cantab., F.E.S., F.Z.8.

THE object of this note is to clear up the confusion among

the different varieties of Laccoptera mentioned below.

Hitherto they have been considered different species, perhaps

owing to insufficient material. This note is based on the

material contained in the collection of the British Museum,

as well as on that of the Indian Museum and other sources

from India. The figures show the form of the insect, but

they are mainly intended to show the disposition and situation

of the black spots on the prothorax and the elytra. The

surface-structure of the insect is not represented in the

drawings,

Laccoptera vigintisea-notata, Boheman.

Laccoptera 26-notata, Boh. Mon. Cassid. iii, 1855, p. 66.

Var. Laccoptera novemdecimnotata, Boh. Mon. Cassid. iii. 1855, p. 67.

Var. Laccoptera hospita, Boh. Mon. Cassid. iii. 1855, p. 68.

Var. Laccoptera multinotata, Boh, Mon, Cassid. iii, 1855, p. 70.

Mr. 8. Maulik on Laccoptera vigintisex-notata. 319

Body subtriangular. Colour brown, with black spots on

the prothorax and the elytra. These spots are variable in

number, but their disposition in relation to each other is

Fig. 2.

OF, Tassarv

0.7assart

Fig. 1.—Zaccoptera 26-notata, x 7,

Fig. 2.—Laccoptera 19-notata, x 7.

Vig. 3.—Laccoptera hospita, Xx 7.

constant. By the absence of some of them or fusion with

each other the number is increased or diminished. The

320 Mr. 8S. Maulik on Laccoptera vigintisex-notata.

greatest number is twenty-six. The variation is explained in

als

Length 103-10, greatest breadth 9-8 mm.

Head: dorsally completely concealed by the explanate

margin of the prothorax. Viewed from the ventral side the

clypeus is elevated. The antenna are long and slender ; the

first joint is long and stout, the second is very small, the

third is about one-and-a-half times longer than the fourth ;

the latter and the fifth and sixth each become smaller than

the preceding one; the apical five joints are thicker and

more hairy than basal six joints.

Prothorax : narrower than the elytra at base, more or less

elliptical in shape; the basal margin is sinuate on either

side. The upper surface is uneven, smooth, impunctate, and

without wrinkles. It has six round black spots which are

variable.

Scutellum: triangular, with the apex acute. The surface

is smooth and impunctate.

Elytra: broader at base than the prothorax. Behind the

scutellum there is a low hump. The surface is punctate-

striate. The punctures are more or less square pits. The

interstices are raised into cost. There are also raised short

transverse coste joining the interstices. In many places,

particularly below the hump, many punctures have run into

each other, forming rather large depressions.

Underside: the claw-joint slightly projects beyond its

preceding joint. The combs on either side of the claws in all

the varieties are developed, that on the inner side consists of

three long and one short teeth, that on the outer side consists

of two long and one short teeth.

The pattern of black patches and spots, their variation and

other differences between Lace. 26-notata, DL. 19-notata, L.

hospita, and L. multinotata are shown in the accompanying

table (p. 321).

There are two specimens in the collection of the British

Museum, in one of which spots nos. 1-6 are absent, 11 and 12

are also absent, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, and 25 have fused into a

long broad band, the corresponding spots on the other elytron

have also done the same, the underside is without any black

markings except the two lower spots on the explanate margins

of the elytra showing through. In the other specimen

(N. Chin Hills, Burma) the elytral spots are almost obso-

lescent, 7, 8,9, 10 are not fused, 13, 15, 21, and 25 are

entirely absent, the corresponding spots on the other elytron

are also absent; the whole of the underside is black. I

consider these specimens as varieties of . 26-notata as well.

321

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‘sovyq squtol eay Io moj

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‘TTB 78 soyayed

Yov[Y ou svy oepisiepun oy], °G

*(pexvoddestp os,

eavy 9% ® Ge { porved

-destp eavq gf ¥ ST)

T =9+9 °° wor, ATA yore uD

fs \eijeifaceiieite) 0) @) elene) s.56 dumy ug

Seereeaae chr eke LA TOU TON SUG

‘sgods fo ON *T

Mr. 8. Maulik on Laccoptera vigintisex-notata.

Orin

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eet

syutof oAy Io Moj IO daIY], “gS

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-u0o ore OT “FT % “CT ‘ET

jl {4ueosefosqo o1v sesvo

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SOTITJOUIOS

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(G¥

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pesny oaey OT % °6 ‘8 *Z)

seo ee we ee ewe dumny ud

(ZY T ‘s3g 008

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ee xn tO OnUsu()

‘sgods fo ‘ony 'T

"DYD}OU-BT “'T

‘yovjq yutol on ‘g

“YSNOIT} MOS OA IOMOT

ey} Aj[uo somouios ‘apts

-lepun ey} UO Yono1q} Mos

eIzATo OY} JO SULSILU eyvueyd

-xo oy} uO syods anoj AyjensQ “Ff

‘yovtq st yurof ou semtyouros

IO YOuq ore euuezue oq} jo

sjurof vay [eorde ony ATTensy ‘¢e

‘OV]G OLB VUIE}s O1OvIOYY

eq} A[uo sowyemos {septs

ey} ydeoxe yortq opistepug °%

‘(avoddustp etos 443 ur

‘erquiwa are sjods esat3)

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‘(emo O7UL

esnj Aoy} sosvo Auvur ut)

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‘sgods fo ony ‘T

"DDZOU-JG "T

322 Mr. 8S. Maulik on Two new

From the above facts it can be deduced that (1) there

is no structural difference between these species of Boheman,

(2) the variation is confined to colour and size (multinotata

is generally of smaller size), (3) disposition of the spots and

patches in relation to each other is constant, (4) the difference

in their total number is caused by the absence or fusion of

two or more spots into one. ‘These considerations point to

the conclusion that the differences on which Boheman created

several species may fall within individual variation. I there-

fore consider 19-notata, hospita, and multinotata varieties of

26-notata. I have selected 26-notata as the name of the

species because its description precedes those of the others in

his monograph and because it is more convenient to state the

maximum number first and then call others the varieties

according as the number is reduced.

The insect has a wide distribution in Indo-China, Burma,

the Malay Archipelago, and the adjacent islands. It seems

that a variety tends to confine itself to one locality. As a rule

19-notata, hospita, and multinotata are not found within our

faunistic limits, although L9-notata has been known to occur

in Assam, Burma, and a form of hospita with reduced

markings has been taken at Maymayo, Burma (v. 1910,

H, L. Andrewes). LL. 26-notata has been reported from

Burma, Pegu, Upper Tenasserim, N.E. Assam, Sibsigar,

Shillong (S. #. Peal), and Cachar. It has also been found

in Tonkin. The types of these are probably in the Stockholm

Museum.

XXXVIII.—Two new Indian Cassidine Beetles.

By 8. Mautix, B.A. Cantab., F.E.S., F.Z.S.

THE following descriptions are of two new insects from

India. One belongs to the Indian Museum and the other to

Mr. H. E. Andrewes. Aspidomorpha chandrika, sp. n., has

a great superficial resemblance to Chirida cruciata, Linn.

The latter is a South-American species, and the former is

found in the Eastern Himalayas.

Aspidomorpha chandrika, sp. n.

Body rotundate. The colour of the disc of the prothorax,

Indian Cassidine Beetles. 323

the elytra, the anterior lateral angles of the explanate margin

of the elytra, and the suture at the apex, 7. e., on the ex-

planate margin, is yellow-brown, which is not uniform, some

portions being lighter than others, The species has a darker

variety in which the colour is deeper brown. The explanate

margins are light yellowish and transparent, with a honey-

comb structure. The fact that the suture is marked at its

apex distinguishes this from all other Indian species. Hence

the name chandrika, which is a Sanskrit word meaning “a

mark ” or “ beauty spot.”

Aspidomorpha chandrika, Maulik, x 10.

Length 7-8, greatest breadth 6-7 mm.

Head: it is completely concealed under the explanate

margin of the prothorax, Owing to the transparency of the

former the dorsal surface is indistinctly visible from above.

Viewed from the underside the clypeus is slightly elevated,

smooth, and impunctate. The basal six joints of the antennee

are slender and less hairy ; the apical five joints are thicker,

more hairy, and the last two joints are black. The first joint

is long and club-shaped, the second is small, the third is the

324 On Two new Indian Cassidine Beetles.

longest, the fourth, fifth, and sixth become shorter and

shorter.

Prothorax: semi-elliptical, broader than long, narrower

than the base of the elytra. The basal margin is almost

straight except for a slight sinuation near the scutellum.

The explanate margin is broad and gently reflexed, so that

the upper surface is concave. The central region or the disc

is convex, smooth, and impunctate. Owing to a peculiar

transparency of the chitin, elongate bunches of fibrous struc-

ture are visible.

Scutellum: triangular, surface impunctate.

LElytra: broader at the base than the prothorax. Posterior

to the scutellum there is a conical pointed hump. The

humerus is raised and convex. The surface is plain and has

scattered rows of punctures. Nearer the suture the rows are

far apart from each other, each row consists of groups of

punctures of twos or threes in a longitudinal line separated

by considerable distances. ‘The punctures are slightly coarser

and the rows are closer near the margin.

Underside: the same colour as above, but more shining.

The claws have the usual comb-like structure both on the

inner and outer side.

Described from sixteen examples.

Eastern Himalayas: Darjeeling district, alt. 1000-5000 ft.,

May, June, and July, 1912 (Lord Carmichael) ; Pashok,

26. v.14. vi. 1916 (Ff. A. Gravely).

Aspidomorpha spaetht, sp. n.

Body rotundate. The colour is dirty brown with a

greenish tinge, shining. On the underside of the explanate

margins at the four corners, viz., the anterior and posterior

lateral angles, there are deep red-brown patches which show

through on the upperside. Posterior to the scutellum there

is a conical pointed hump. ;

Length 9-10, greatest breadth 8-9 mm.

Head : it is entirely concealed under the explanate margin

of the prothorax. The clypeus is rather short, so that the

mouth-parts are more approximated to the base of the

antenne. The basal six joints of the antenne are elongate,

the apical five are thicker, more hairy, and having more

greenish tinge, the last two joints are black. The first joint

is long and club-shaped, the second short, the third elongate,

longer than fourth and many times longer than the second ;

the fourth, fifth, and the sixth become shorter and shorter.

On a new Genus and Species of Amatide. 325

Prothorax: semielliptical in shape, the basal margin is

gently bisinuate. The upper surface of the prothorax without

the explanate margins is unevenly convex, smooth, impunc-

tate. The peculiar transparency of the chitin is visible.

The explanate margin is broad, transparent, and shows the

usual honeycomb structure.

Scutellum: triangular, with the surface smooth and im-

punctate.

lytra: broader at the base than the prothorax. Posterior

to the scutellum there is a pointed conical hump. The

humerus is smooth, shining, and impunctate. ‘The surface

is scatteredly punctate-striate, the punctures are a little coarser

at the basal surface and near the suture. The arrangement

of the punctures and the rows are similar to that of the other

species which is usual in the genus. ‘The explanate margins

are transparent and show honeycomb structure. At the four

corners, as indicated in the above diagnosis, where the marks

on the under surface show through, the surface of the ex-

planate margins is slightly raised.

Underside: dirty brown, shining, smooth. The legs are

sparsely covered with hair. In the dried specimens before

me the tarsi are decidedly green in colour.

Described from six examples in Mr. H. E. Andrewe’s

collection. These specimens bear Spaeth’s manuscript name

Asp. acuta. I can trace no published description of the

insect. I have therefore decided to publish a description

of it.

South India: Nilgiri Hills (1. L. Andrewes).

Type in Mr. H. E. Andrewe’s collection.

XXXIX.—Onanew Genus and Two new Species of Amatidee

(Syntomidee) én the Jotcey Collection. By W. J. Karn,

FE .E.S.

Genus CRINOPHORA, nov.

tennze with short bristles. ‘Tibi with short spurs. Fore

wing beneath with vein 1 close to inner margin, nearly

straight ; vein 2 fiom before end of the cell commencing

downcurved, then with a large dip, finally finishing upeurved ;

326 On anew Genus and Species of Amatide.

3 absent, 4 and 5 parallel from outer margin of an oblong

scent-patch lying beyond the cell ; 6 and 8 from upper corner

of scent-patch, 7 absent, 9 absent, 10 from angle of cell, 11

from before angle. Fore wing above with 5 and 6 carried

through to the cell. Hind wing with 2 from lower angle

of cell, 3 and 4 from a point close to angle, 5 absent, 6 and 7

coincident.

?. With vein 1 bent up to a point near middle ; vein 2

long before end of cell, evenly curved downwards to outer

margin ; 3 from lower angle of cell, 4and 5 stalked ; a slight

fold between 5 and 6; vein 6 from top of middle discocellular,

7 absent, 8,10, 11 stalked. Hind wing as in g. The ?

has thus an extra vein, vein 3 being present which is absent

in the @.

Type, C. bicellulata.

Crinophora bicellulata, sp. n.

3g. Fore wing brownish black with transparent areas.

Basal half of wing hyaline except for a broad belt of dark

sealing along median vein. Apical half of wing brownish

black, with small hyaline patches between veins 4, 5 and

5, 6. A brand on the underside shows through and appears

do underside. 2 underside.

Crinophora bicellulata,

as a dead black elongated patch nearly parallel with costa.

Hind wing hyaline, with a broad apical area of brownish-

black scales and a smaller trapezoidal area at tornus.

?. Fore wing with large hyaline patch within the cell, a

smaller patch below the cell from base, and a much larger

patch extending to tornus. An oblong patch above vein 6

Bibliographical Notice. 327

and transparent patches between veins 3, 4 and 4, 5. Hind

wing asin ¢.

do 2. Head black, frons white, tegula orange. Abdomen

with seven yellow belts. Antenne blackish from the tip to

half its length, whitish beneath.

Hab. Philippines, Cebu (J. J. Jlouns:y).

3S S229.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

Crinophora palawanica, sp. n.

$. Fore wing very narrow and pointed. Coloured simi-

larly to Crinophora bicellulata except that the hyaline spaces

are yellowish, the patch on inner margin small and less than

half the size of the same patch in bicellulata, Hind wing

very small and very pointed. The central transparent area

very restricted. Apex and inner margin broadly brownish

black. Collar, tegula, and metathorax orange. Frous black.

Antenne with the tips pale yellowish.

Hab. Philippines, Palawan (Doherty).

438.

Type in Coll. Joicey.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Shells as Evidences of the Migrations of Early Culture. By J.

Witrrep Jackson. Manchester: University Press, London:

Longmans, Green, & Co.

Nowapays our analyses of the geographical distribution of animals

and plants is based upon the assumption that this distribution is

indicative of the wanderings of such organisms from some common

centre, governed by ‘ barriers” such as temperature, mountain-

ranges, forests, deserts, or large areas of water; or they may be

determined entirely by the matter of food-supply. But the ethno-

logist, in his endeavours to trace the birthplace and spread of

ancient customs and beliefs, commonly ignores this method of

argument. He sees in them no evidence of genetic relationship,

but attributes their existence to the “similarity of the working of

the human mind.” Each of such customs or beliefs are for him, in

short, a special creation. Rather than abandon this archaic mode

of reasoning he will swallow whole caravans of camels.

328 Bibliographical Notice.

Prof. Elliot Smith has long been striving to induce the prota-

gonists of this antiquated school to adopt more enlightened

methods of reasoning. By way of demonstrating the effectiveness

of the more rational method one of his disciples—Mr. Wilfred

Jackson—has set himself the task of tracing the migrations of early

culture by means of the molluscan shells which came to be inti-

mately associated therewith.

This shell-cult began, apparently, far back in prehistoric times,

in the neighbourhood of the Red Sea and the eastern Mediterranean,

where cowries, shell-purple, shell-trumpets, pearls, and pearl-shell

came to be regarded as possessions of great price. In these, indeed,

the foundations of religion, art, and commerce were laid, and with

this cult went the erection of megalithic monuments and sun-

worship.

The cowry shell appears to have been the seed out of which the

associated complex of ideas developed. It was regarded with

peculiar veneration, at least semi-erotic in its origin, for it would

seem that the belief in its life-giving powers, which dominated all

its other ascribed virtues, arose out of the suggested likeness of the

inferior aspect of the shell to the human vulva. It imparted

fertility and help in parturition. Endowed thus with mystical

gifts of vitality, it became the custom to bury cowries with the

dead, to ensure their resurrection. The wonderful powers of

cowry shells having thus possessed men’s minds, it is not surprising

to find them used as artificial eyes for mummies and idols, as

charms against the ‘ Hyvil-eye” and to bring good luck. Hence

their use in games of chance and as currency, where, originally,

as “pearls of great price,” they were given in exchange for some

much desired object which these alone could buy.

The great antiquity of these beliefs is attested by their discovery

with the remains of Cro-Magnon man and in prehistoric graves in

Great Britain, as well as among the ancient Chinese, while to-day

they retain all their ancient potency among savage peoples the

world over.

The Author has convincingly presented the evidence he has so

laboriously collected that there seems no room for doubt as to his

contention that this shell-cult was spread by early adventurers in

their search for gold and pearls, and the metals, which necessarily

earried them further and further afield. Wherever they settled

there they set up their megalithic monuments inseparably associated

with sun-worship. Thus we have a consistent story, and thus we

can trace the wanderings of early man from the Old World to the

New. This thesis, at any rate, is far more reasonable than the

contention that these apparently precisely similar beliefs associated

with the same objects were independently evolved ‘ by the similarity

of the working of the human mind.”

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XXX. Descriptions of New Pyralide of the Subfamily Py-

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Page

XXXI. A peculiar State of Development in Brachydesmus (Myria-

poda—Polydesmoidea). By Henry W. Broremann (of Pau, Basses-

Pyrénées, France) ..... eerie eres kis: Mistavessuuieth ade Seon ea cee

XXXII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXXIII. On new

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BES 3, BeBe SS ick ces cy ad a ee sn ae Cee Gee

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FA: Batars: Didtes EGS. ey eek enue: aren See Saae ve

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B.A. Cantab.; FES, FU: sgaeee oss eee ee

XXXIX. On a new Genus and Two new Species of Amatida

BI x

284

294

302

307

312

318

322

(Syntomide) in the Joicey Collection. By W. J. Kayn, FES. .... 326

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Shells as, Evidences of the Migrations of Early Culture. By J.

WILFRED JACKSON RS hoe ets bcos 6 3 ee ae Sis Peer

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No: 5. MAY 1918:

XL.—Notes on Exotic Chloropidee.x—Part II. Oscininee.

By C. G. Lamp, M.A., B.Sc., Clare College, Cambridge.

OscrniInz.

This section of the family, like the Chloropine, is very

indeterminate in generic relationships, and there are even

more cross-relationships than occur there. It will be noted

in what follows that increased spatial extension of several

genera is established, and further evidence of the remarkably

wide distribution of dipterous genera, even though appa-

rently of highly specialized types, is thus brought to

light. It is a point of considerable interest, that this semi-

cosmopolitanism is possessed by the families and genera of

Diptera to a far greater extent than it is by the other chief

insect groups, though it unfortunately diminishes greatly

their usefulness in regard to questions of distribution.

The genus Oscinis, Mcq., still remains to be adequately

dealt with, as has been observed previously by Becker, in

spite of having shed various more or less well-marked

sections. This task cannot well be undertaken without a

very extensive collection of world-wide range, as the great

majority of the species are too briefly described, with the

omission of many minor characters of great systematic value,

and are in general unfigured. The colour-characters, so often

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 22

330 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

dwelt on to the exclusion of structural details, appear to vary

within considerable limits in this subfamily, and hence much

of the published descriptive work is of comparatively little

help in deciding to which section of the genus a species

should be allotted.

As before, all the types have been deposited in the British

Museum.

The author is indebted to Dr. F. J. H. Jenkinson, of

Trinity College, Cambridge, for forming the generic names.

The references to the genera are all omitted, as they will be

found in Becker’s monographs, referred to in the former

paper [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vol. xix. p. 33 (1917)].

APROMETOPIS, Becker.

A, flavofacies, Beck.

Nata: Durban (7. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

Aprometopis minima, sp. n.

This is a remarkably small species, and can be described

briefly but adequately as follows :—

In form and structure almost exactly a small replica of

flavofacies ; the head is, however, a little less prominent and

the face less concave. ‘The whole insect, including legs and.

wings, is pale yellow, the anterior of frons and the antenne

more orange; the ocellar spot is black, but absolutely no

other dark spots or marks are to be seen.

In two specimens the head has fallen in as a result of

drying, which gives a fallacious appearance to the frons.

Size just under 2 mm.

S. Inp1A: Coimbatore (7. B. Fletcher).

Note appended :-—* From larva in rotten cholam-stems, and

in cholam stubble.”

ScoLIOPHTHALMUS, Becker.

S. obliguus, Beck.

Jirst described as Anacamptoneurum obliquum, Beck., from

Egypt. ‘The present specimen is practically identical with

his description.

S. Inp1a: Coimbatore.

Mr. C, G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 331

S. trapezoides, Beck.

One specimen, which agrees well with the description and

figure, except that the jowls are just perceptibly deeper and

the hairs less white.

Narau: Durban (Ff. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

Scoliophthalmus micans, sp. n.

This is a small shining species from 8. India belonging. to

the trapezotdes section, which must be close to S. albipennis,

although quite distinct.

Head (top view) :—F rons on sides black with a brownish

tone ; triangle extending right over frons, the base about 3

of the cross vertical breadth, the tip slightly rounded, sides

straight; it is all very shining, with the usual border of pale

hairs ; under side illumination it is seen to have three broad

rounded parallel ridges, the first extending from ocellus, and

a shorter one on each side. Face shining black ; antennze

darkish orange, with a fine basal arista. Side view (fig. 1) :

jowls deepening to back, all deep shining black, with stoutish

vibrissa ; palp entirely inside mouth, small and black.

Scoliophthalmus micans, X 80.-

Thorax: dorsum very shining black, with sparse minute

punctures and fairly long brown hair, especially so behind;

scutellum as dorsum, but the punctures nearer and larger, in

shape a roundly truncate triangle, with long divergent end-

bristles on small papille ; pleura shining black.

Wings (fig. 2) clear, with palish veins, the absolute costa

somewhat darkened distally up to the break. Halteres with

black shining knobs.

22*

332 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

Legs predominantly dullish orange, but the coxa, femur,

and tibia are somewhat extensively suffused (though not

truly black) except at the base and tip of tibia; the last

tarsal joints of hind legs are also dark.

Abdomen all shining black, with fairly long pale hairs,

especially at the sides and on the male hypopygium.

Size just under 2 mm.

S. Inp1a: Coimbatore,

The next series of species belongs to some of the allied

Meroscinid genera, such as Meroscinis, Dactylothyrea, «ec.

These form a fairly natural group, but show extreme variety

of structural detail; nevertheless, they are readily recog-

nizable. ‘The variety of scutellar structure is quite remark-

able, ranging from the simple form of JZ. tibiella up to the

extraordinary shapes found in Dactylothyrea and Epicelyphus.

The complex intermingling of various characters makes the

limitation of genera even more difficult than usual, and in

consequence some genera have within their present boundary

quite heterogeneous assemblages. The group will doubtless

be found to include a great number of species, as they are

often small and easily overlooked. When a proper amount

of material is obtained, it may be possible to arrive at a more

satisfactory generic allocation ; at present it is desirable, as

far as possible, to avoid increasing the number of genera.

In such a study it will be necessary to pay much attention

to the punctation of the thoracic dorsum and the scutellum.

The former is generally smoother than the latter, which is

often rugose or shagreened in various ways, and the puncta-

tion of the two differs in amount and form. The thoracic

punctures differ in size and “ pitch” or distance apart, and in

some cases are very remarkable. Thus, in the new genus

Lonchonotus it will be found that most of the punctures consist

of a complex of three tiny ones, forming an isosceles triangle

of long base. In Dactylothyrea similar punctures occur, but

to a less extent, and they are also visible in AZ. validissima,

The description of these characters is a matter of much diffi-

culty, as is their delineation, owing to the shininess of the

general surface ; but it will be necessary to pay much atten-

tion to the above points. In any case the relative degrees of

punctation of dorsum and scutellum can be noted if absolute

values are not attainable.

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 333

Merroscrnis, de Meijere *.

M. plumigera, Loew.

Navrau: Durban (Ff. Muir, Camb. Coll.) ; S. Ruopesra :

Salisbury (G. A. K, Marshall).

M. eneifrons, Lamb.

Narat: Durban (Ff. Muir, Camb. Coll.) : 8. RHopesta :

Salisbury and Chirinda Forest (G. A. K. Marshall).

M. rugosa, Lamb.

Nata: Durban (F. Mur, Camb. Coll.).

Specimens are present which cannot be separated in the

slightest degree from the last two species, which were first

described by the author from the Seychelles (Trans. Linn.

Soc. xv. 1912, part 3, pp. 332, 333). They both belong to

the scutellata section of the genus, with a large steely-blue

triangle ; the species wnedfrons is very close to scutellata, if

one may judge from the description of the latter. The true

scutellata has a bright red third joint to the antenne, and

eneifrons has normally a black one, but in some cases it is

distinctly rufous centrally. It might be supposed that one

is dealing with a variable species with many local forms ;

however, the exact identity of the African and Seychelles

specimens is not only a matter of interest in itself, but inclines

one to the opinion that these closely related forms are true

species.

Two single-specimen species from Ceylon are very distinct

from any described in Becker, III.

Meroscinis foveata, sp. n.

The insect is remarkably punctate, the dorsal and scutellar

punctures being very similar in depth and distribution, which

is not a usual character. The long scutellum has a terminal

pair of long bristles and two smaller ones on each side, all on

well-marked tubercles. The cheetotaxy is unusually strong.

Head (top-front view, fig. 3) :—AII black, the eye-margins

* There are some who find pleasure in the barren and (to others)

annoying pastime of diligently working at disturbing well-known and

long-established names. If such an one reads this paper, he may possibly

find something to excite his curiosity in the Kansas Univ. Se. Bull. iu.

no, 6, p. 197.

334 Mr, C. G. Lamb on Evotie Chloropide.

dull, the triangle very shining black, its base occupying

about 3 of the vertex and its tip extending to the antenne

and rounded, Side-view : antenna bright orange except

for the slightly infuseate tip of the 3rd joint ; arista pubes-

cent, much paler than usual; all the bristles on head strong ;

the ‘palpi are retracted, but are apparently black ; vibrissa

evident.

Thorax (fig. 4): dorsum all shining black, coarsely and

shallowly punctate, the hairs well developed, brownish ;

scutellum as above ; pleura all smooth, shining black.

Fig. 8. Fig. 4,

Fig. 5.

Meroseinis foveata, X 22.

Wings (fig. 5) with basal widening of Ist posterior cell

Jess than usual, clear, with brown veins. Halteres with black

head and yellow stalk.

Legs stouter and hairier than usual; all black, except for

the entirely pale yellow tarsi.

Abdomen shining black, haired as the thorax,

Length a little over 2 mm.

CrrLon: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford).

Note.-—This species must be related to M. albiseta, Beck.

(III. p. 193), but is abundantly distinct.

rat

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evxotie Chloropide. 335

Meroscinis planiscutellata, sp. n.

The second species is more normal in punctation and

general form, but has the scutellar dise flattened like in

Chloropisca.

Head (top-front view, fig. 6):—Black, eye-margins dull,

triangle shining, its base extenling nearly across vertex,

sides straight, tip extending to antenna and slightly rounded ;

antenna with brown basal joints, clear orange 3rd, and dark

pubescent arista. Side-view: all bristles prominent, in-

cluding the vibrissa; jowls narrowly linear, shining black,

as is the hind head. 3

ry) . ae .

Thorax (fig. 7): dorsum all shining black, the hairs

Meroscinis planiseutellata, X 22.

standing in tiny punctures and showing brown against the

background ; scutellum subtrapezoidal, flattened on the disc

and covered there with coarse shallow shagreening ; long

terminal bristles on small tubercles, a smaller one on each

side on a smaller tubercle, and a few bordering hairs.

Wings (fig. 8) clear, with yellow veins, 4th ending before

tip, 1st posterior cell but little widened at base. Halteres

dull orange.

Legs all alike; coxa black, trochanter just visibly orange,

femur black except the knee, tibia with broad infuscate belt

leaving base and tip orange, tarsi all orange.

Abdomen shining black.

Size 2 mm.

CryLon: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford).

Meroscinis validissima, sp. n.

This species is aberrant in respect to its powerful hairy

legs and its abdomen, which has the peculiarity shared by

336 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

several Chloropids (e. g., some Elachiptera) of possessing a

very large 2nd segment, longer than the rest of the abdomen.

The legs are exceptionally well developed, long, stout, hairy,

and even subspinose antero-inferiorly on the femur. ‘The

lead-bristles are very long and strong, the thoracic ones not

markedly so. The general head and body form is very like

the ordinary type, though more robust in every way, and the

colour-scheme is that of the scutellata group. It is repre-

sented by two males only, and although these show a very

evident hypopygial appendage (smaller than, but approaching

to, that of Dactylothyrea), it is thought best to assign them

to the present genus, although they are probably worthy of

at least subgeneric rank.

Fig. 9. Fig. 10.

Meroscinis validissima, X 22.

Head (top-front view, fig. 9) :—Eye-margin dull black,

getting very slightly broader anteriorly and leaving free the

large steely-blue trapezoidal triangle, which extends right up

to the antennz and has very long inwardly bent bordering

hair-rows; the usual f.o. hair-rows are also very strong, the

verticals, long crossed post-verticals, and very divergent

ocellarsare all long, the last-named inserted close together on

the middle of the ocellar area. Side-view: antennze normal,

with black basal joints and dark brown 3rd, a long black

very pubescent (almost hairy) arista; upper lip just visibly

protuberant but sharply so, vibrissee present, palpi black.

Face all black, as is the hind head,

Thorax black, rather dull, profusely and minutely punctate,

with longish fine hairs, which show up brown against the

black; scutellum more coarsely, though likewise shallowly,

punctate, triangular in plan, with rounded end and also well

arched in side-profile ; four tubercles, the end two with long

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 337

black bristles, the others with short ones ; pleura all shining

black.

Wings perfectly typical, with widened 1st posterior cell,

glassy, with brown veins. MHalteres with black head and

orange stalk.

Legs very robust, long, front coxa noticeably so, all clothed

with strong dense hairs except beneath the femur, where tlie

hairs become almost bristles, as mentioned above, especially

on the front pair ; in colour entirely pitchy black, except the

tarsi, which are whitish yellow, with the terminal joints

blackened; the tarsi all dénsely haired.

Abdomen (fig. 10) all shining black, with palish hairs,

except for a large triangular area on the 2nd segment, which

is quite bare. The whole abdomen is flattened, pointed, oval

in profile ; the second segment is as long as all the others

together, and the basal segments have a deep central axial

sulcus. In side-view one can see a well-developed, though

small, free hypopygium, which is shining black and hairy,

except for a side protuberance, which is orange.

Size 34 mm.

NataL: Durban (7. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

This species seems to be an early step towards Dactylo-

thyrea.

DactyLoTuyREA, de Meijere.

D. hyalipennis, de Meijere.

There are several specimens, both g and 2, which agree

with the description of this Javanese species ; it is not quite

certain that they are the same, as no numerical relation

between the relative lengths of “ fingers ” and thorax is given

by de Meijere. In the present specimens there is a very

small additional finger basal to the two main ones, carrying

a small spine. There appears to be no valid reason for

separating them as a distinct species.

CryLon: Peradeniya (J. C. F. Fryer, Camb. Coll.).

LONCHONOTUS, gen. nov.

There is a series of a handsome Meroscinid from Durban

which offers some difficulty. It appears to be another

“linking” species. ‘I'he general facies is that of a large

Meroscinis, approximating to validissima, but with quite

ordinarily shaped and clothed legs ; the wings are veined

like those of Dactylothyrea, having almost parallel veins and no

widening at the springing of 4th; the scutellum is long, with

338 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

four tubercles of considerable length, compared with any

true Meroscinis, though falling far short of those in Dactylo-

thyrea, and these tubercles bear long brilliant orange spines

like those of Thyridula. The most remarkable character is

possessed by the male, which has large and complex hypo-

pygial segments resembling closely those of many Dolichopids.

This hypopygium has side-flaps carrying end-valves, between

which lies a long penis, while the previous segment carries

complex chitinous processes.

Although the author is one of those who objects to multi-

plying genera, there appears in this case to be no escape

from the process.

In addition to the above remarks, the following can be

added :—Like Meroscinis in general form of head and thorax,

the latter punctate, as is the elongate scutellum ; legs very

long, the front coxa especially so; the thorax with normal

bristles and well developed.

Type, the following species.

Lonchonotus formosus, sp. 0.

Head (top-front view, fig. 11):—All black, the triangle

very shining, not quite extending across vertex, the tip

extending right up to the antenne ; head-bristles all long

but slender, normal as for Meroscinis, but the hair-rows

bordering the triangle are especially long. Antenne quite

normal, all dull orange, the 2nd joint narrowly bordered with

black on its margin, 3rd with a dusky tip; arista slender,

black, finely pubescent. Side-view: vibrissa present, palpi

stoutish, black.

Thorax (fig. 12) bluish black, fairly coarsely punctate,

covered with black-brown hairs ; last d.-c. and pleural bristles

long but slender. Scutellum rounded in vertical section,

triangular in profile ; hairs and punctures as on dorsum, with

four long tubercles each carrying a long brilliant orange

bristle.

Wings (fig. 14) yellow, with yellow veins. Halteres

yellow.

Legs quite long, the front coxa being especially so, varie-

gated with shining black and orange; all coxe black, tro-

chanters yellow, femora and tibia shining black except at

knees and extreme tip of tibiee; front tarsi orange on Ist

joint, others black, mid and hind tarsi black on last joint,

others orange.

Abdomen shining black, but darkish orange on the basal

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 339

segments, rather soft in texture, but not so much so as in

Dacetylothyrea ; the male with a Dolichopid-like hypopygium

(fig. 13) as described above.

Size 3+ mm.

Natau: Durban (F. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

Fig. 12.

Figs. 1] , 12.—Lonchonotus formosus, X 22.

Fig. 13.—Lonchonotus formosus, X 40,

Fig. 14.—Lonehonotus formosus, X 22.

HETEROSCINIS, gen. nov.

The two species now to be dealt with offer considerable

difficulty. They have Many points of resemblance, but

differ in others which might well be considered of generic

340 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

importance in the present subfamily. One species is repre-

sented by a specimen in first-rate condition, the other by a

very good specimen and a headless one. At present it seems

best to adopt a makeshift and place them in the same genus,

although it is highly probable that further research will

discover other forms allied to both the species, which should

then be placed in separate genera. ‘The generic description

has therefore been drawn so that if the words in brackets

are deleted the characters will hold for the first species

(vartegata) and any future congeners; the other species

(ornata) can then be relegated to a new genus.

Generic diagnosis—The whole insect, including frons,

glabrous ; forehead and mouth-margin about equally promi-

nent, with a concave profile between; the tangent-plane to

these and that to the frons meet at a little more than a right

angle. Antenne, 3rd joint suborbicular, rather like that of

Stiphonella, with a faintly pubescent arista. Eyes absolutely

bare, long-oval, oblique. Head-bristles fairly normal, small

inner verticals, large outer, parallel post-verticals on the

ridge, small ocellars many (or a few), fine f. 0. hairs. The

triangle ill-differentiated except by colour (or scarcely at all)

from the frons. Single vibrissa. Tongue fleshy, not long,

with a distinctly bent tip. Thorax with the d.-c. lines

marked by a row of bristle-bearing punctures, rest of dorsum

with fairly regular bristle-rows of different ‘ pitch”? from

that of the d.-c. punctation (or perfectly smooth). The

scutellum is remarkable; it is triangular in outline, long,

with long divergent end-bristles and a following row of four

or five smaller stout stubbly ones on the lower edge, all of

them standing on more or less well-marked papillae as in

Meroseinis ; dorsum swollen in profile (or flattened on the

disc). Wings clear, with venation as shown in fig. 16.

Legs normal.

The above will show that the general affinities of both

species tend towards some forms of Siphonella, but the

exceptional scutellar development and other details render

the position of the genus very doubtful.

Type, the following species with above reservation.

Fleteroscinis variegata, sp. n.

Head (top view) :—Frons excessively shining orange, with

sparse and exceedingly fine hairs; triangle leaf-shaped,

shining brown, the base about half the vertical cross-width,

the tip about 2 the distance from ocellus to frons. The face

is orange, antenna with 2nd joint orange, the suborbicular

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 341

3rd has the tip somewhat blackened, especially inside ; arista

orange, pubescent when seen under (x 60). Side-view as

fig. 15, all orange, including palpi; hind head shiny black,

with longish horizontal orange spot behind ocelli.

Fig. 15.

—

Heteroscinis variegata, x 30.

Thorax : dorsum very shining black, with tiny punctures

from which the hairs arise ; the main rows along the d.-c.

lines are about twice as closely set as are the other more

irregular rows ; these number five between the d.-c. rows and

two or three rather irregular rows beyond ; callus and noto-

pleura shining orange ; scutellum triangular, about half as

long as the thoracic dorsum, sharply cut off from it, rounded

in side-profile, dark orange-black, with shallow irreguiar

larger punctures; the long end-bristles on very conspicuous

tubercles, the short thorn-like side ones on slightly smaller

ones, all black; pleura shining black except anteriorly,

where it is orange.

Wings clear, with very pale yellow veins, much like

fig. 16, except that 2, 3, and 4 are all a little longer and are

advanced at the end a little more round the costa.

Legs strong, shining orange, except that the hind femora

are widely ringed nearly to the knees, mid femora less so,

front femora but slightly ; all the tibiee black, the last two

tarsal joints suffused.

Abdomen ; basal segments orange, the others black, al}

shining and slightly haired.

Size 22 mm.

S. Ryopesta: Chirinda Forest (G. A. K. Marshall,

Camb. Coll.).

The insect has a curious superficial resemblance to a large

shining Meroscinis.

342 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evzotic Chloropide.

Heteroscinis ornata, sp. ne

This second species is a considerably smaller bright orange

inséct, which has a remarkably different general aspect from

the last and some structural differences of importance.

Head (top view):—Frons and triangle all smooth pale

shining yellow, the demarcation between the sides and triangle

being difficult to see, but with a suitable illumination the

border-row of extremely fine hairs can just be seen; they

define a large triangle with its base across the vertex and

slightly rounded tip right up to the-front, it being just

perceptibly more shining than the rest; the absolute ocellar

area is black. Face all pale yellow, as is the antenna, thie

2nd joint narrowly bordered with brown, and .the small

suborbicular 3rd with a tiny black spot at aristal insertion ;

the arista is brownish and like that of the last species in

structure. Side-view: very like fig. 15, but the head pro-

portionately a little longer axially ; a distinct black bristle

on hind jowl ; in colour all pale yellow, with orange exserted

palp ; hind head all yellow.

Heteroscinis ornata, X 22.

Thorax superficially very different from that of last species,

the dorsum being all excessively smooth and _ brilliantly

shining; the d.-c. lines are occupied by a row of tiny close-set

pits carrying very minute black hairs ; in colour it is slightly

orange, callus bright yellow, on the dorsal side of the same a

tiny black spot; scutellum half as long as thorax, triangular

in profile, with slightly rounded sides and sharp point, deeply

cut off from thorax, the dise a little duller, pale yellow, and

quite flat ; the border of the flat part is edged with brown

lines from the tip (these themselves being bordered with a

few hairs inside), and these run across the thoracic dorsum in

two slightly concave lines nearly to the middle; the long

black end-bristles stand on quite small papille ; the sides

are also plane and carry the side-spines on still smaller

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 343

papillz, which are inserted mainly on the loweredge. Pleura

shining yellow, metanotum shining orange. —

Wings (fig. 16) absolutely clear, with palest yellow veins.

Halteres pale yellow.

Legs all yellow except the claws.

Abdomen somewhat oval, orange, with the following black

spots on each side:—a small one at lower angle of 3rd seg-

ment, a large triangular one based on distal edge of 4th and

occupying one-third the breadth and the whole of the side of

that segment, a smaller similar one on 5th which does not

extend so far up side of segmeut.

Size about 2 mm.

S. Ruopesia: Salisbury (G. A. K, Marshall, Camb.

Coll.).

SIPHONELLA, Mcq.

Siphonella robusta, sp. n.

There is a fair series of a large strongly built insect of this

genus, which (like S. palposa) has strong palpi and a shortish

fleshy tongue.

Head (top view) :—Eyes bare, frons shining chestnut-

brown, orange in front, the triangle shining black, with the

usual hair-borders, the base about half the cross vertical

breadth, the point about centre of frons. Face yellow ; an-

tenna yellow, with orbicular 3rd joint and an almost bare

arista ; a very narrow but well-developed ridge separates the

fover ; palpi protuberant, rod-like, bright orange. Side-

view : jowl deep, about 13 times 3rd joint, all orange; it is

divided into two areas by a ridge from the back of the eye to

the front mouth-margin, the lower area being somewhat bent

in sideways to the side mouth-margin ; face somewhat hollow,

the frons and mouth being equally prominent, tongue dark

orange, moderately long, fleshy ; small vibrissa. Hind head

all black.

Thorax all very shining, with tiny well-defined punctures ;

in a good light some of these form two just perceptibly more

regular double rows along the d.-c, lines, the other punctures

being profusely scattered over the rest of the dorsum in quite

irregular lines; hairs black, as are the calli and all the

bristles. Scutellum subtriangular, with slightly convex sides

and rather sharp point, the disc somewhat flattened, sha-

greened with larger shallow punctures, bristled like §. rufi-

cornis, with two closely set, nearly parallel, strong terminal

344 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Faotie Chloropidee.

bristles and a row of some eight or ten shorter ones on each

side along the lower edge. Pleura shining black.

Wings pale, with yellow veins, costal section 2 to 3 a little

greater than 3 to 4, which is about 2 of 2 to 1; small cross-

vein opposite end of 1; hind cross-vein sloping so that if

produced it would cut costa at end of 2; distance between

cross-veins a little more than length of hind one, which is

nearly twice its length from the abbreviated end of 5.

Halteres orange.

Legs all orange, generally with broad dark rings on the

hind femur and tibia ; sometimes the rings are faint or even

absent, sometimes they are on the other legs as well, but less

extensive.

Abdomen shining black, a somewhat flattened. oval, with

the last segment somewhat triangular and about twice as long

as the preceding one; hairs fine, blackish brown, fewer on

the last segment.

Size 22 mm.

S. Ruopesta: Salisbury (G. A. K. Marshall, Camb.

Coll.).

SIPHUNCULINA, Rond.

S. funicola, Mei).

There is a long series of this insect in both collections from

Singapore, Coimbatore, and Ceylon. The specimens show

some variation in size. The antenne are not always clear

red, being occasionally a little infuscate apically. The thoracic

hairs are said to be black, and against a light background

this is true, but when viewed against the black dorsum it can

be seen that the hairs are brownish and the darkness of the

brown itself varies.

A note appended to some specimens says “on decaying

cholam shoots.’ This is the well-known and troublesome

ce eye fly.”

S. ornatifrons, Loew.

Several specimens are present which must be assigned to

this species. On the whole, they agree well with Becker’s

description (I. p. 132), but the distal part of the wing is not

like his figure (I. pl. iii. p. 52), the wing being longer and

the costa between 2 and 8 not so arched. If one supposes

that the figure was made from a wing which was bent on its

distal half so as to be out of the normal plane, the discrepancy

is accounted for. Errors of this sort can be traced in several

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropidee. 345

of Becker’s figures. The frontal colouring varies a little ;

when a specimen is in first-rate condition the grey eye-margins

and the three spots on them are very distinct, the triangle is

narrowly bordered with grey, and there are a few tiny parallel

grey lines running from this to the front. A slight degree of

damage seems to remove the pollen easily, and then one can

only just glimpse the dark spots, the borders becoming faint.

In two worn specimens it is practically impossible to see the

frontal pattern. The length of the triangle also varies a

little, depending on the amount of shrinkage of the orange

lunule. In all main characters the agreement is good.

S. RuopesiaA: Salisbury (G. A. A. Marshall, Camb.

Coll.).

Siphunculina intonsa, sp. n.

Two rather indifferent specimens occur of a species which

does not agree with any hitherto described. The general

colour is entirely black, but the head and thorax are provided

with peculiar hairs in regular rows on the thorax ; these are

bright silky yellow, short and stout, like stubble.

Head (top view):—Frons slightly shining and very

minutely roughened, covered with the above-described hairs ;

triangle duller and also roughened, with its base about % of

Stphuneulina intonsa, X 30.

the vertical breadth, straight sides, and the point halfway

from vertex to antenne ; ocelli somewhat widely separated ;

no spots or marks on the head. In front the antennz are

deeply sunk in pits and approximate at the base, 3rd joint

orange with darkened tip, and a fine, bare, very short arista.

The palpi are hidden in the gum used to secure the specimens,

but appear to be orange; tongue rather long. Side-view:

all shining black, very similar to Becker (I. pl. iii. p. 53).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 23

346 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

Thorax shining black, very finely roughened, with regular

rows of the above-mentioned hairs. Scutellum rounded, dull,

more roughened than thoracic dorsum, with four short pale

terminal bristles. Pleura shining black, the notopleural

bristles pale.

Wings (fig. 17) pale, with whitish veins. Halteres shining

black.

Legs: all cox black, trochanters orange, femora black

except knees, tibize orange with broad black rings, smallest

on the front pair; tarsi orange.

Abdomen all shining black.

Size 12 mm.

Cryton : Peradeniya (A. Rutherford).

KPIMADIZA, Beck.

There are two new species of this interesting little form,

one represented by several specimens, one by a single very

perfect specimen.

Epimadiza nigra, sp. 0.

Head (top view) :—All very shining, slightly bluish black,

the triangle only demarcated by its border-lines of very faint

hairs; the triangle extends about half across the vertex

basally and its point is about midway to the frons; the bristles

Epimadiza nigra, X 380.

are outer verticals, widely separate p.v., tiny ocellar, a few

just visible f.o. ‘The face is orange ; antenne darkish

orange, just separated at the base by a tiny ridge, inserted in

pits, arista hair-like and orange; palpi orange. Side-view :

Mr, C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 347

jowls dark orange-black, divided into two parts by a line

from the lowest point of eye to the insertion of the small

vibrissa, the upper part of this area being duller than the

lower, which is quite shining; the depth is about twice that

of the 3rd joint.

Thoracic dorsum and scutellum rather shining, all densely

but finely shagreened and practically bare, small notopleurals,

‘and parallel scutellars; pleura all shining black, callus

prominent,

Wings (fig. 18) glassy and pale-veined. Halteres black.

The legs vary somewhat in colour, being very chitinous,

especially the femora ; the “ black ” in what follows is some-

times nearly darkish orange; coxa black, trochanter dark

orange ; femur blackened, front pair much swollen, hind pair

less so, the former with the usual pair of small spines ; tibia

black, tarsus orange.

Abdomen all shining black, tinted with orange on the

base.

Length 24 mm.

S. Ruopesta: Salisbury (G. A. K. Marshall, Camb.

Joll.).

Var. (?).—There is a single specimen which could well be

considered as another species if more individuals were present.

It is very like the above, but differs as follows :—F rons

orange in front, antenna bright orange, upper half of jowls

bright dull orange; last cross-vein more oblique instead of

nearly straight across, and longer, so that it is only about

14 times as far to the end of 5 as is its own length.

Size just over 3 mm.

Locality the same.

Epimadiza nitida, sp. n.

The single well-preserved specimen is fairly near 4. rugosa,

Beck., but it is a very distinct and brilliant little insect.

Head (top view) :—AII excessively shining; triangle as in

last species, but even less well defined by the hair-rows ; face

orange, with two small black spots just over the mouth-

margin ; antenne as in J. nigra, orange, but a little suffused

on the 3rd joint apically. Side-view: lower anterior eye-

margin dark orange, merging into the shining black jowls,

which are nearly parallel to the lower eye-margin and are

about the depth of 3rd joint. Palpi bright orange, tongue

black.

23*

348 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

Thorax as in last species, but much more shining, the

pleural and the two scutellar bristles long, the seutellam with

side-rows of four or five smaller ones ; pleura very shining

black. |

Wings clear, with pale veins (fig. 19). Halteres bright

orange.

Fig. 19.

any ae aps

\ —~— ye a \

~ > SS

\ SEY

\ X<

Epimadiza nitida, x 80.

Legs: front pair—the long coxa and the trochanter bright

orange, femur (except at base), tibia, and tarsus (except last

two yellow joints) all shining black: mid and hind pairs—

coxa black, trochanter dark orange, femur black (except the

tip), the rest yellow,

Abdomen all shining black.

Size 24 mm.

NataL: Durban (/. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

ANATRICHUS, Loew.

A. erinaceus, Loew.

Specimens of the form with darkened front tarsi and of

that with bright legs are in the Camb. Coll. from Durban

(F. Muir). :

Var. pygmea.—There is a remarkable form from Ceylon

which is practically identical with the darker variety of the

type, but is only about 2 of its length.

CEYLON: Peradeniya (J. C. &. Fryer, Camb. Coll.).

|'T'o be continued. }

Mr. R. K. ‘Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 349

XLI.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenopteraa—XXXIV. On

Ethiopian Psammocharide in the British Museum. By

Row anp E. 'TurNeER, F.Z.S8., F.E.S.

Family Psammocharide.

Cyphononyx optimus, Sm.

Pompilus optimus, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iii. p. 141 (1855). 9.

Salius (Cyphononyx) lynx, R. Lucas, Deutsch. Ost-Africa, iv., Hymen.

p. 65 (1897). ¢.

Cyphononyx abyssinica, Grib. Aun, Mus. Civ. Genova, xiv. p. 343

(1879). Qo.

Salius (Cyphononyx) schénlandi, Cam. Rec. Albany Mus. 1. p. 228

(1905). ¢.

Cyphononyx bretonii, Guér.’

This wide-ranging species is referred to by R. Lucas as

Salius (Cyphononyx) croceicornis, Dut. C. bretonit is a

composite species, but I think the name should be retained

for the male. The female is a Batozonus, which I regard as

a form of B. fuliginosus, Klug. But if- the name is rejected

or held toapply to the female, then the present species should

be known as Cyphononya croceicornis, Hrichs., which has

priority over Dufour’s name.

Cyphonony# atropos, Sm.

Mygnimia atropos, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iii. p. 186 (1855). 9.

Salus (Cyphononyx) splendens, R. Lucas, Deutsch. Ost-Afrika, iv.,

Hymen. p. 65 (1897). Qd.

This species seems to be spread over the whole of tropical

Africa.

Cyphononyx castaneus, Klug.

Pompilus castaneus, Klug, Symb. physic. Dec. 4, 1834, t. xxxviii. fig. 9.

Pompilus rubescens, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iil. p. 1386 (1855). 2.

Cyphononyx subauratus, sp. n.

2. Nigra; capite, antennis, prothorace, mesonoto, scutello, post-

scutello, tegulis, pedibus, coxis exceptis, segmentisque abdomin-

alibus quinto sextoque fulvo-ferrugineis ; alis flavis, apice

extremo anguste fuscis, venis flavo-testaceis,

Long. 16 mm.

@. Clypeus narrowed towards the apex, the apical margin

350 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

widely and very shallowly emarginate, microscopically punc-

tured; a few large punctures, for which spring black

hairs, close to the apical margin. Second joint of the

flagellum about half as long again as the third; the distance

between the eyes on the ve rtex about equal to the length of

the second joint of the flagellum ; posterior ocelli as far from

each other as from the eyes. Pronotum short, nearly four

timesas broad as its length at the sides, very shallowly arched

posteriorly. Scutellum broad, not convex in the middle,

postscutellum convex, not tuberculate. Median segment

without lateral tubercles; gradually sloped posteriorly, not

truncate ; coarsely transversely striated. Sixth tergite with

sparse setigerous punctures, broadly rounded at the apex, the

sete fulvous with a few black intermingled. ‘The’suleus on

the second sternite curved. Hind tibia very distinctly

serrate, the inner calcar long, nearly half as long as the meta-

tarsus. First recurrent nervure received distinctly before

the apex of the second cubital cell, second at two-fifths from

the base of the third cubital cell. Cubitus distinctly curved

downwards from the second trausverse cubital nervure ; first

transverse cubital very long and oblique as in Hemipepsis,

the second cubital cell long and narrow ; third abscissa of

the radius about half as long again as the second. Cubitus

of the hind wing originating just before the transverse

median nervure, ‘I'he fuscous border of the fore wing just

die the apex of the radial cell and thence is narrowed

rapidly.

Hab. Mlanje, Nyasaland (S. A, Neave), November to

February ; Valley of Kola River, near Mt. CORRS 1500-

2000 ft., Portuguese Hast Africa (S$. A. Neave), April.

This is very ‘distinct from any other African Cyphononya,

resembling in colour C. flavus, Fabr., an Oriental species,

but the shape of the second cubital cell shows an approach to

Hemipepsis ; the tarsal ungues, however, are the same as in

Cyphononyx.

‘Type in B.M.

Cyphononya flavicornis, Fabr.

Sphex flavicornis, Faby. Spec. Insect. i, p. 450 (1781).

‘This is distinct from bretonti, Guér., having fulvous legs

and no blue sheen on the abdomen. I look on C. antennata,

Sm. (=¢renensis, Cam. 1910), as merely a variety of this,

differing in the colour of the head and thorax, which are

mostly Dlack in antennata and dull ferruginous in “ flavicornis ;

but colour varies in a similar manner in some other African

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 351

species. The locality Malabar given for flavicornis is

evidently erroneous, but there are several mistaken localities

among the Fabrician types in the Banksian collection.

Cryptochilus gowdeyt, sp. 0.

2. Nigra; femoribus basi nigris, tibiis tarsisque fulvo-aurantiacis,

alis flavis, fulyo-tinctis, apice angustissime fusco-marginatis ;

unguiculis unidentatis.

3. Femine similis; unguiculis bifidis; postscutello conigero.

Long., 9 25-32, ¢ 22-32 mm.

¢. Clypeus convex, the anterior margin broadly sub-

truncate, minutely punctured, with sparse large punctures

interspersed, from each of which springs a long black hair.

Second joint of the flagellum half as long again as the third ;

eyes separated on the vertex by a distance equal to about

three-quarters of the length of the second joint of the

flagellum. Head and thorax clothed with black hairs,

scutellum and postscutellum not compressed, the former flat,

the latter feebly convex. Median segment obliquely sloped

on the apical portion, the oblique declivity not sharply

separated from the dorsal surface; bluntly, roundly sub-

tuberculate laterally at the base ; the dorsal surface rather

finely transversely striated, the striae on the oblique slope

much coarser. Abdomen shining, microscopically punc-

tured, with a few larger punctures intermingled ; sixth tergite

closely punctured, densely clothed with fusco-ferruginous

sete ; transverse groove of the second sternite deep and

sinuate. Cubitus of the hind wing originating distinctly

beyond the transverse median nervure. Radial cell of the

fore wing obliquely truncate at the apex ; second abscissa of

the radius nearly as long as the first and third combined ;

first recurrent nervure received distinctly before the apex of

the second cubital cell ; second before the middle of the third

cubital cell ; submedian cell much longer than the median,

the nervulus oblique. Hind tibize strongly serrate, tarsal

ungues unidentate.

&. Differs from the female in having the scutellum sub-

tuberculate in the middle, the postscutellum raised into a

large conical tubercle; the hind tibiew are spinose, not

serrate, the tarsal ungues strongly bifid. In both sexes the

wings are yellow, clothed with minute fulvous hairs, which

are much denser towards the base. Seventh tergite of the

male broadly truncate at the apex; seventh sternite with a

raised triangular area extending nearly to the apex.

302 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Hab. Entebbe, Uganda (0. G. Gowdey), May to De-

cember; Mabira Forest (C. G. Gowdey), July ; Buddu, west

shore of Victoria Nyanza (5. A. Neave), September; Bu-

dongo Forest, Unyoro, 3400 ft, (S. 4. Neave), December.

This splendid species is one of the few African Crypto-

chilus known to me in which the male has the ungues bifid

as in Cyphononyx. Species showing this sexual difference

are fairly numerous in India and the Malayan region, and

one occurs in Madagascar. The tuberculate postscutellum

of the male is remarkable in this species. It appears to be

common in Uganda, but I have not seen specimens from any

other locality.

Type in B.M.

The African species with dark wings, which have the tarsal

ungues differing sexually as in gowdeyt, are :—

1. Cryptochilus natalensis, D, T.

Pompilus obscurus, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iii. p. 140 (1855). 9. (Nee

Pallosoma obscura, Lep. 1845.)

Salius natalensis, D. T, Cat. Hymen, vill. p. 253 (1897).

2. Cryptochilus severini, Kohl.

Priocnemis severini, Kohl, Revue Zool. Afric. iii. p. 198 (1913). @.

3. Cryptochilus anguliferus, R. Lucas.

Salius (Priocnemis) anguliferus, Lucas, Deutsch. Ost-Afrika, iv., Hymen.

p. 67 (1897). 9.

I suspect that anguliferus and severini are identical.

Pseudagenia pseudocyphononya, sp. 0.

®. Nigra, opaca; flagello, articulis duobus apicalibus infumatis,

femoribus, basi extrema nigra, tibiis tarsisque fulvo-ferrugineis ;

mandibulis basi palpisque fusco-ferrugineis; alis nigro-violaceis.

Long. 20 mm.

@. Clypeus very broadly rounded at the apex, sparsely

clothed with black hairs ; antenna long and slender, slightly

exceeding three-quarters of the length of the insect, the first

and second joints of the flagellum combined half as long

again as the third joint. Eyes separated on the vertex by a

distance equal to the length of the third joint of the flagellum ;

posterior ocelli much futher from the eyes than from each

other. Scutellum and postscutellum evenly convex, the sides

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 353

of the postscutellum distinetly obliquely striated. Median

segment roundly depressed posteriorly, not truncate, distinctly

transversely striated, with a median sulcus from the base,

which becomes obsolete near the apex. First tergite a little

longer than its apical breadth, very rapidly broadened from

the base ; transverse furrow of the second sternite situated

near the base; sixth tergite closely punctured. Second

abscissa of the radius long, equal to the third, first recurrent

nervure received at three-quarters from the base of the

second cubital cell, second at the middle of the third cubital

cell; third transverse cubital nervure oblique. Cubitus of

hind wing received just beyond the transverse median nervure.

Spines of the fore metatarsus very short ; hind tibie almost

smooth, the spines microscopic.

Hab. Mlanje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), January 1913.

Very similar superficially to the common Cyphononyx

optimus, Sm., but differs generically, also in the colour of

the flagellum.

Pseudagenia esau, Koh).

Pseudagenia esau, Kohl,-Reyue Zool. Afric. iii, p. 200 (1913).

A form which I take to belong to this fine species occurs at

Mlanje, Nyasaland. It is entirely black, but otherwise

answers fairly well to the description. ‘lhe antenne are

shorter and stouter than is usual in the genus, not “ tenues,”

as in the description, and the position of the cubitus of the

hind wing is variable, sometimes interstitial as in Kohl’s

type, sometimes originating distinctly beyond the transverse

median nervure.

Genus CRYPTOSALIUS, Turn.

Cryptosalius, Turn, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 76 (1917).

Allied to the Indian species typical of this genus are

several African species which may conveniently be included

in the genus.

1. Cryptosalius robustus, Cam.

Pseudagenia robusta, Cam. Rec. Albany Museum, i. p. 136 (1904). @.

In structure this is closely allied to C. rava, Bingh., the

type of the genus, differing in the shorter inner branch of the

bifid tarsal ungues, in the arcuate hind margin of the pro-

notum, and in the lesser development of the frontal promi-

nence above the base of the antenne, but agreeing in the

354 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

rather abruptly truncate median segment with a distinct

longitudinal sulcus on the dorsal sutfice. This group is

separate -d from Calopompilus, Ashm., by the bifid tarsal

ungues and by the form of the third cubital cell, which is

shorter than the second; not much longer, as in Calo-

pompilus, to which, however, the genus is much more nearly

related than to Pseudagenia.

Less closely related to C. rava, differing in the absence of

a sulcus on the median segment and in the coarsely rugose

or reticulate sculpture of the dorsal surface of that segment,

are the following :—

2. Cryptosalius contristans, sp. 0.

@. Nigra; propleuris fusco-ferrugineis ; alis fuscis, ceruleo-

suffusis, anticis macula magna ovata hyalina ante apicem.

Long. 15-18 mm.

?. Clypeus short, slightly convex, broadly truncate at the

apex. Head opaque, very closely microscopically punctured ;

the front triangularly prominent between the antenne, with

a shallow sulcus not reaching the anterior ocellus. Inner

margins of the eyes parallel below, distinctly convergent

above towards the vertex ; posterior ocelli as far from each

other as from the eyes. Anteune rather stout, a little longer

than the head, thorax, and median segment combined, the

second joint of the flagellum a little shorter than the third.

Temples very narrow. Thorax shallowly and sparsely punc-

tured, with close microscopic punctures between; the meso-

pleuree coarsely punctured, with irregular ill-defined strie ;

the pronotum very broadly arched posteriorly, the sides

almost parallel, the anterior margin almost straight ; meso-

notum longer than the pronotum ; scutellum with a distinct

longitudinal carina, the dorsal surface flat and triangular.

Median segment short, much broader than long, the poste-

rior slope oblique, not sharply divided from the dorsal

surface, without lateral tubercles, the dorsal surface very

coarsely rugose-reticulate, the posterior slope strongly trans-

versely striated, the. sides ,of the segment more finely and

irregularly vertically striated. Abdomen opaque, somewhat

elongate; the sixth tergite elongate-triangular, narrowly

rounded at the apex; the transverse sulcus of the second

sternite situated very near the base. Second abscissa of the

radius at least half as long again as the third, the fourth a

little longer than the second ; submedian cell much longer

Mr. R. EK. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 355

than the median ; recurrent nervures received very near the

middle of the second and third cubital cells ; cubitus of the

hind wing interstitial. Fore tarsi and hind tibize almost

entirely unarmed ; inner spur of the hind tibie fully half as

long as the hind metatarsus ; tarsal ungues strongly bifid.

flab. Mianje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), January 1913.

3. Cryptosalius indocilis, sp. n.

2. Nigra, opaca, argenteo-pruinosa; alis hyalinis, anticis late

fusco bifasciatis, apice angustissime fuscis.

Var. Capite pedibusque fusco-ferrugineis.

Long. 18-20 mm.

@. Very similar in structural details to contristans; the

antenna stout, more or less covered with very delicate silver

pubescence, which is also visible on the abdomen ; the dorsal

surface of the thorax rather less minutely punctured, giving

the appearance of very fine granulation; mesopleure rugose.

Median segment, abdomen, and legs as in contristans.

Second abscissa of the radius almost twice as long as the

third. The first fuscous fascia of the fore wing runs along

the basal nervure, broadening rapidly from the costa; the

second is very broad, filling the whole of the second and

third cubital cells, the radial cell except the extreme apex,

the apex of the first cubital cell, the apex of the first discoidal

cell, the second discoidal cell except the base, and the base

of the third discoidal cell.

Hab. Mianjé, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), December 1913

and January 1914.

Except in the very different colouring of the wings the

differences between this and contristans are very small.

Cryptosalius perluctuosus, sp. n.

@. Nigra, opaca; pedibus fusco-ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, anticis

fusco bifasciatis,

Long. 12 mm.

Oi. Very similar in structure to the two last species,

differing in the following points:—HKyes nearer together on

the vertex, the posterior ocelli being half as far again from

each other as from the eyes; pronotum fully as long as the

mesonotum, the sculpture of the thorax fine as in eontristans ;

pleuree sparsely punctured, the punctures large ; sides of the

median segment delicately striated, with sparse punctures ;

scutellum without a carina. The second fascia of the fore

wing is much narrower than in zndoeilis, occupying the radial

356 Mr. R. E, Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

cell except the extreme apex, the second and third cubital

cells, and the apical third of the second discoidal cell.

Hab. 8.W. of Lake Chilwa, Nyasaland (S. A. Neuve),

January 1914.

“ ;

Cryptosalius elgonensis, sp. n.

?. Fusco-ferruginea ; mesonoto, abdomine flagelloque nigris ; alis

subhyalinis, anticis fusco bifasciatis.

Var. Mesonoto fusco-ferrugineo.

Long. 10-11 mm.

?. Posterior ocelli a little nearer to the eyes than to each

other. Head and thorax closely microscopically punctured,

the mesonotum nearly twice as long as the pronotum in the

middle ; propleure with microscopic oblique striz, meso-

pleuree with large sparse punctures interspersed with the

minute puncturation. Carina of the scutellum almost obso-

lete. Median segment, legs, and neuration as in perluctuosus ;

fascie of the fore wing as in that species, the second fascia

a little broader in the discoidal cells.

Hab. Southern slopes of Mt. Elgon, 5100-5800 ft. (S. A.

Neave), June 1911; Daro Forest, Toro, Uganda Protectorate,

4000-4500 ft. (S. A. Neave), October 1911.

The pronotum is much shorter than in the allied species.

XLII.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—XXXV. On

new Sphecoidea in the British Museum. By ROWLAND E.

TuRNER, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

PROTOSTIGMUS, gen. nov.

Head large, much broader than the thorax. Eyes reaching

the base of the mandibles, their inner margins almost

parallel. Mandibles bidentate at the apex. Antenne in-

serted very low down near the apical angles of the clypeus ;

scape long, rather less than half as long as the flagellum.

Pronotum short, narrower than the mesonotum, rounded at

the angles, the calli reaching back to the tegule; median

segment short and small, opaque and without coarse sculp-

ture. Abdomen not petiolate. Jore tarsi unarmed; hind

tibia almost smooth, very feebly serrate towards the apex.

Stigma large, more than twice as long as the greatest

breadth, much smaller than in Ammoplanus. Radius

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 357

originating near the middle of the stigma; the first abscissa

of the radius short, scarcely more than half as long as the

breadth of the stigma; an oblique vein from the apex of

the stigma meeting the radius and closing the radial cell, the

radius not continued beyond this vein, the space between the

transverse cubital nervure and the oblique vein a little more

than twice as long as the first abscissa of the radius. First

cubital cell receiving the only recurrent nervure well before

the apex ; second cubital cell very small, with a short petiole,

triangular, the cubital margin a little longer than the first

abscissa of the radius. Median cell longer than the sub-

median.

Protostigmus championi, sp. 0.

3. Niger; mandibulis, scapo, tibiis anticis, tarsisque pallide flavis ;

flagello, tibiisque intermediis posticisque basi brunneo-flavis ;

alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, venis pallidis, stigmate fusco-

ferrugineo.

Long. 2°7 mm.

3. Clypeus subcarinate longitudinally, triangularly pro-

duced and almost pointed at the apex. Tirst joint of

flagellum longer than the second and third combined ; joints

2-5 broader than long, thence gradually lengthening and

becoming thicker to the apex. Front flat, obliquely sloped

from a little below the anterior ocellus ; posterior ocelli

Protostigmus championt, sp. n.

nearer to the hind margin of the head than to each other, but

nearer to each other than to the eyes. Head, thorax, and

abdomen smooth and shining ; median segment opaque, very

finely granulate, subcarinate longitudinally in the middle,

much broader than long, narrowed to the apex, the sides and

the apical slope almost smooth, shining, the latter with a

median sulcus.

Hab. Kairouan, Tunisia (G. C. Champion), May 3, 1913.

This genus is very distinct in the shortened radial cell and

petiolated second cubital cell from Stégmus and other related

genera, but is to be placed in the same subfamily. Except

for the neuration it is very near Ammoplanus.

358 Mr. R. EK. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Spilomena indostana, sp. 0

2. Nigra; mandibulis, antennis, callis humeralibus, tegulis pedi-

pusque ‘pallide flavis ; alis hyalinis, venis testaceis, stigmate

fusco.

Long. 3 mm.

@. Mandibles bidentate at the apex, the inner tooth broad

and blunt; clypeus very strongly convex in the middle.

Antenna inserted low down by the sides of the clypeus, the

scape fully half as long as the flagellum, first joint of the

flagellum longer than “broad, shorter than the second joint.

Kyes distinctly divergent towards the clypeus, posterior

ocelli nearer to each other than to the eyes. Head broader

than the thorax, narrowed behind the eyes. Head and thorax

slightly shining, microscopically punctured, the pronotum

narrower than and below the level of the mesonotum.

Median segment coarsely and closely reticulate, with two

longitudinal caringe near the middle, the space between the

caring transversely striated ; the sides of the segment closely

obliquely striated, the apical slope granulate. Abdomen

smooth and shining. Recurrent nervure interstitial with the

first transverse cubital nervure; second cubital cell rectangular,

the radial and cubital margins distinetly longer than the

transverse cubital nervures. Stigma smaller and narrower

than in S. troglodytes, Lind. Legs unarmed.

Hab. Bombay district (Dr. Leith).

Differs from S. obliterata, Turn., in the sculpture of the

median segment, the colour of the nervures, and the presence

of the first transverse cubital nervure.

Chlorion (Proterosphex) nyanz@, sp. 0.

g. Niger; mandibulis in medio obscure fusco-ferrugineis; seg-

mento mediano albido-hirsuto ; alis fusco-hyalinis, cruleo

suffusis.

®. Mari simillima.

Long., d 19, 9 24 mm.

3. Clypeus convex, with a longitudinal carina from the

base to the middle ; covered with short silver pubescence,

intermingled with which are long black hairs. Hyes dis-

tinctly converging towards the ly peus, separated on the

vertex by a distance about equal to the combined length of

the two basal joints of the flagellum plus half the length of

the third joint ; the posterior ocelli nearer to each other than

to the eyes. Pronotum short, not impressed in the middle,

Mr. R. K. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 359

the mesonotum rather thickly clothed with short black hairs.

Scutellum subopaque, with an almost obsolete longitudinal

impression; postscutellum without an impressed line. Median

segment clothed with very short silver pubescence, and with

long whitish hairs ; the segment beneath the pubescence very

finely transversely rugulose ; the sides of the segment sparsely

and shallowly punetured, with sparse black hairs. Petiole as

long as the second joint of the hind tarsi ; seventh tergite

rather broadly truncate at the apex. Sternites sparsely

clothed with long black hairs which become denser on the

sides, eighth sternite narrowly rounded at the apex, with a

longitudinal carina. First recurrent nervure received at

about three-quarters from the apex of the second cubital cell,

sometimes a little nearer to the apex.

?. Sixth tergite narrowly rounded at the apex ; sixth

sternite convex, narrowly rounded at the apex, the hairs on

the sternites short and very sparse.

Hab. Entebbe, Uganda (C. G. Gowdey), May to January ;

N.W. shores of Victoria Nyanza (S. A. Neave), September ;

Bukoba, German Hast Africa (C. G. aa June.

Nearly related to C, hemorrhoidalis, Fabr. (volubilis,

Kohl), but may be distinguished from the variety of that

species with black legs by the white hairs and pubescence of

the median segment and by the position of the first recurrent

nervure, which in hemorrhoidalis is interstital with the

second transverse cubital nervure ; the apical tergite of the

male is also much broader at the apex.

Chlorion (Proterosphex) rufiscutis, sp. n.

2. Nigra; mandibulis basi, clypeo, antennis, articulis 5 apicalibus

exceptis, pronoto, tegulis, scutello, postscutello, pedibusque, coxis

exceptis, ferrugineis; fronte clypeoque dense aureo- pubescentibus;

alis hyalinis, venis ferrugineis, anticis margine apicali late in-

fumatis.

d. Femine similis; flagello, clypeo basi, pronoto, scutello, post-

seutello, trochanteribus femoribusque basi nigris.

Long., 2 ¢, 22 mm.

2. Clypeus and front sparsely clothed with long fulvous

hairs, which stand out from among the short golden pubes-

cence. Inner margins of the eyes parallel ; posterior ocelli

scarcely as far from the eyes as from each other ; eyes sepa-

rated on the vertex by a distance equal to the length of the

second joint of the flagellum plus half of the third joint.

Scutellum with a delicate impressed longitudinal line which

does not reach the base or the apex, strongly convex ; post-

360 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera.

scutellum convex, feebly bituberculate. Median segment

clothed with long whitish hairs which are denser on the apical

and lateral surfaces than on the dorsal, finely and closely

transversely striated. Petiole about as long as the second

joint of the hind tarsi; abdomen pruinose, the apical margins

of the segments brownish. Third abscissa of the radius

shorter than the first. Comb of the fore tarsi long and very

slender, fore metatarsus with ten long spines on the outer

side and apex.

g. Very similar to the female, but the pubescence on the

face and clypeus paler; the petiole half as long again as

the second joint of the hind tarsi; seventh tergite very

broadly subtruncate at the apex ; seventh sternite widely and

shallowly emarginate; the eighth produced into a point at

the apex, subcarinate longitudinally in the middle, the sides

slightly sinuate.

Hab. Sinapunge, North Rhodesia (O. Silverlock), February

1911, ¢ g; Valley of N. Rukuru, Karonga, Nyasaland,

2000-4000 ft. (S. A. Neave), July 1910, 2? 3g.

The eighth sternite of the male is shaped somewhat as in

malagassus, Sauss., but is more distinctly pointed. The

colouring of the female is very similar to that of gorgon,

Kohl, but the sculpture of the median segment 1s very

different ; the postscutellum is also similar to that of gorgon,

but the pronotum has a median sulcus in rufiseutis which is

absent in gorgon.

Chlorion (Proterosphex) observabilis, sp. n.

9. Nigra, robusta; pleuris, mesosterno segmentoque mediano

dense pallido-aureo-pubescentibus ; alis fusco-hyalinis, venis

nigris.

Long. 26-30 mm.

@. Clypeus with sparse long black hairs, closely covered

with pale golden pubescence, convex ; eyes separated on the

vertex by a distance greater than the combined length of

the two basal joints of the flagellum. Ocellar space slightly

depressed, the posterior ocelli much nearer to each other than

to the eyes. Vertex sparsely clothed with long black hairs,

the temples with long pale golden hairs. Pronotum short,

transverse ; mesonotum opaque, rather closely clothed with

short black hairs ; scutellum shining, with a shallow longi-

tudinal impression ; postscutellum without a groove. Median

segment, pleurze, and mesosternum densely covered with very

pale golden pubescence, with long hairs of the same colour

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 361

intermingled. Petiole short, as long as the third joint of the

hind tarsi; abdomen subopaque.

Hab. 'Tero Forest, 8.E. Buddu, Uganda, 3800 ft. (S. A.

Neave), September 1911.

This is a stoutly built species allied to bohemanni, Dahilb.,

but differing in the pubescence of the median segment, pleure,

and mesosternum. ‘lhe wings are also much paler and only

faintly tinted with blue.

Chlorion (Proterosphex) bohemanni, Dahlb.

Sphex bohemanni, Dahlb. Hymen. Europ. i. p. 486 (1845). ¢.

Sphex kilimandjaroensis, Cameron, Sjéstedt, Kilimandjaro-Meru Ex-

ped. ii. p. 262 (1910). Qo.

Sphev transvaalensis, Cam, Ann. Transvaal Mus. ii. p. 140 (1910).

Hab. i. Africa, from Natal to Uganda; Pretoria (Dis-

tant); Mlanje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), November to

March; Mt. Rungwe, near New Langenburg (S. A. Neave),

November; Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. ot Elgon, Uganda Pro-

tectorate (S. A. Neave), August.

Chlorion (Proterosphex) schoutedent, Koll.

Sphex schoutedeni, Kohl, Rev. Zool. Afric. ii. p. 205 (1918). ¢.

Hab. Mianje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), March to June

Lose

Chlorion (Harpactopus) tyrannus, Sm.

Harpactopus tyrannus, Sm. Cat. Hym, B.M. iv. p. 264 (1856). 9°.

Sphex vagus, Rad. Journ. acad. se. math. Lisboa, viii. p. 209 (1881). g.

Philanthus ramakrishne, sp. 0.

@. Nigra; capite maximo; clypeo, orbitis dimidio inferiori latis-

sime, macula obliqua utrinque inter antennas, macula frontali

mediana, vertice macula parva utrinque, linea obliqua pone

oculos, pronoto postice, tegulas, mesopleuris maculis duabus,

scutello macula magna utrinque, segmento mediano macula

magna basali utrinque maculaque elongata apicali utrinque,

tergito primo fascia lata apicali interrupta, tergitis 2-5 fascia

angusta apicali, sternitis 2-4 macula transversa apicali utrinque,

coxis macula apicali, femoribus macula apicali, tiblis tarsisque

flavis ; alis hyalinis, leviter infuscatis, venis fuscis.

Long. 14 mm.

?. Head very large, broader than the thorax ; clypeus

deflexed from the middle, the apical margin produced in the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 24

362 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

middle and rounded. Eyes touching the base of the man-

dibles, strongly divergent towards the clypeus, separated on

the vertex by a distance equal to about twice the combined

length of the two basal joints of the flagellum ; posterior

ocelli much nearer to each other than to the eyes. Clypeus

shining, sparsely punctured; front finely and very closely

punctured; vertex and thorax more strongly punctured.

Basal area of the median segment smooth and shining,

divided by a broad longitudinal groove ; the apical slope

steep, finely and very closely punctured. Abdomen minutely

and closely punctured, the ventral surface much more coarsely

and very sparsely punctured. Fore metatarsus with six

spines.

Hab. Bababuddin Hills, Mysore, 4700 ft. (7. V. Rama-

krishna), June 1, 1915..,

Not very near any other species; the head is much larger

than in P. basalis, Sm., and the median segment is shorter

and very different in sculpture. In P. dentatus, Cam., the

head is as large, but the clypeus and median segment are

very different.

Motes rugifera, sp. n.

9. Nigra; femoribus posticis ferrugineis ; tarsis subtus brunneis ;

alis hyalinis, leviter infumatis, venis fusco-ferrugineis ; unguiculis

denticulatis.

Long. 11 mm.

?. Clypeus clothed with delicate silver pubescence; third

joint of the flagellum twice as long as the first, the second

distinctly shorter; eyes separated on the vertex by a distance

about equal to the length of the third joint of the flagellum.

Pronotum obliquely depressed, with a shallow longitudinal

median line, the middle of the hind margin level with the

mesonotum. Thorax opaque, scutellum and _ postscutellum

shining. Median segment longer than broad, narrowed

towards the apex; the dorsal surface coarsely, rugosely,

transversely striated, with a distinct longitudinal carina ; the

sides of the segment closely obliquely striated ; the face of

the posterior truncation indistinctly transversely striated,

with a deep median sulcus. Tergites 1-3 with a broad but

ill-defined apical band of dull whitish pubescence ; sixth

tergite bare, delicately punctured, narrow, the sides con-

verging towards the apex, which is very narrowly truncate ;

second sternite not swollenat the base. Radial cell obliquely

truncate at the apex; first abscissa of the radius as long as

the second and third combined, Tarsal ungues long, with a

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossor‘al Hymenoptera. 363

well-defined tooth near the middle. Comb of fore metatarsus

almost obsolete.

Hab. Mabira Forest, Uganda (C. G. Gowdey), July 1913.

This is a true Motes, not one of the crwsus group of

Notogonia.

Tachyspheu fulvicornis, sp. n.

2. Nigra; mandibulis, apice excepto, clypeo dimidio apicali, an-

tennis, tibiisque tarsisque anticis fulvo-ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis,

venis fusco-ferrugineis,

Long. 7 mm.

2. Clypeus short, broadly truncate at the apex, the ante-

rior margin strongly depressed. Head and thorax closely and |

very delicately punctured-rugulose ; antenne slender ; second

and third joints of the flagellum equal, each twice as long as

the first joint. Hyes separated on the vertex by a distance

slightly exceeding the combined length of the two basal

joints of the flagellum. ‘Thorax opaque ; pronotum oblique,

showing a distinct transverse dorsal surface, which is only

slightly below the level of the mesonotum. Median segment

much broader than long, abruptly truncate posteriorly ; the

dorsal surface coarsely longitudinally rugose-striate in the

middle, finely punctured-rugulose on the sides; the apical

slope finely and closely punctured, with a deep median

groove ; the sides of the segment obliquely striated. Abdo-

men finely shagreened ; the two basal tergites with transverse

spots of white pubescence at the apical angles ; pygidial area

elongate-triangular, slightly convex, finely and closely punc-

tured. Comb of the fore tarsi long and slender ; tarsi not

unusually short, the fourth joint longer than broad. Wings

rather short, the radial cell broadly truncate at the apex ;

third abscissa of the radius twice as long as the second, third

cubital cell less than half as long again on the cubitus as on

the radius.

Hab. Chapra, Bihar (Mackenzie).

Easily distinguished from other black Tachysphea by the

colour of the antenne, the sculpture of the median segment,

and the dull opaque surface of the whole insect.

Trypoaylon fletchert, sp. n.

@. Nigra; abdomine rufo-ferrugineo; trochanteribus posticis,

femoribus posticis dimidio basali, tibiis supra nigro-suffusis,

tarsisque anticis intermediisque ferrugineo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis,

iridescentibus, venis fuscis,

Long. 8 mm,

24*

36-4 Mr. O. Thomas on

?. Head opaque; the clypeus covered with silver pubes-

cence, with two small teeth in the middle of the apical margin.

Eyes separated at the base of the clypeus by a distance not

quite equal to the combined length of the two basal joints of

the flagellum, and by about the same distance on the vertex ;

posterior ocelli very narrowly separated from the eyes,

distinctly larger than the anterior ocellus. Flagellum thick-

ened from the base to the apex, the first joint globular, the

remaining joints longer than broad; the front longitudinally

impressed below the anterior ocellus, produced into a minute

tubercle between the antennze, very finely and closely punc-

tured, Thorax subopaque, minutely punctured; median

segment smooth and shining, with a median longitudinal

furrow, but no lateral furrows. Abdomen shining, very

minutely punctured ; the first segment longer than the

second and third combined, the basal half forming a petiole,

the apical half very gradually widened to the apex, where it

is about half as broad as-the apex of the second segment ;

the third about equal in length to the second and distinctly

broader. Hind tibiz without spines.

Hab. Shillong, Assam, 5000 ft. (7. Bainbrigge-Fletcher),

October 1916.

XLIIT.— Notes on Petrodromus and Rhynchocyon.

By OLvFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I owE to the kindness of Mr. Ernest Warren, of the Natal

Museum, Pietermaritzburg, the opportunity of examining a

number of small mammals which had been sent to that

museum from various South-African localities. Among

them I may record an example of the rare Otomys laminatus,

Thos. & Schw., from Induku-duku, near Umfolozi, and a

Petrodromus from Manguzi, N. Zululand, the latter being the

first-known occurrence of the genus south of the boundary of

Portuguese S.K. Afiica. This southern Petrodromus appears

to represent a new subspecies, which may be called

Petrodromus tetradactylus warreni, subsp. n.

General essential characters of true tetradactylus, but

colour greyer and less buffy throughout. Back with the

buffy suffusion at a minimum, sides and hips clear grey,

Petrodromus and Rhynchocyon. 365

lower flanks with only a slight indication of the buffy so

strongly developed in this region in tetradactylus. Under

surface as white as in venustus, not washed with buffy, as

is usual (though not invariable) in teéradactylus ; chin, how-

ever, of the single specimen quite buffy. Facial markings

Jess developed than in tetradactylus, the light line over the

eye broader, vaguer, and less sharply contrasted; the usual

Jarge continuous dark patch behind it broken into two and

much less conspicuous. Upper surface of hind feet pale

brown, as in ¢tetradactylus, not so whitish as in venustus.

Skull as in tetradactylus, with average palatal vacuities,

Dimensions of the type (taken by collector in the flesh) :—

Head and body 191 mm.,; tail 155; hind foot 56 (also 56

dry) ; ear 37.

Skull: greatest length 52-45; condylo-basal length 50 ;

zygomatic breadth 27 ; upper tooth-series 27°.

fab, (of type). Manguzi, N. Zululand (6 miles from coast

and about the same distance south of the Portuguese frontier).

Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 18,.4.9.1. Original

number 86. Collected November 1905 by Mr. Toppin for

the Natal Museum, and presented to the British Museum by

the latter,

This Petrodromus differs from true P. tetradactylus by its

much greyer and less buffy coloration and its less conspicuous

face-markings. In distribution it would seem to be separated,

so far as we know at present, from the area of tetradactylus

by about 6 degrees of latitude, that animal not being hitherto

recorded south of 21° §., while the intermediate area is

occupied by P. (Cercoctenus) schwannt.

In connection with the determination of the Zululand

Petrodromus, I have made a renewed examination of the

considerable series in the Museum, with a view to finding

out how far Mr. Hollister’s * recent erection of a genus for

P. sultan and schwanni, the species with bulbous tail-bristles,

is supported by this material, and especially what is the

bearing on this distinction of P. rovume, so intermediate

between the others in its essential characters.

Of the characters of “ Cercoctenus” recorded by Hollister,

those of the bulbous bristles and. less imperfect palate are

undoubtedly valid, but those drawn from p* and p* do not

appear to be at all constant—the “spikelet”” on p* is present

in several of our P. sultan and many of our P. schwanni,

while the reputed greater complexity of p* is not true as

* Smiths. Misc, Coll. vol. Ixvi. p. 1 (1916).

366 Mr. O. Thomas on

compared to many of our large series of P. tetradactylus.

On the other hand, I may note, as a further character in

P. sultan, that che. anterior incisors are longer and more

dominant as compared to the teeth behind them than they

are in other species. But even this character is not true

of P. schwanni, and is equalled in P. robustus.

Then, as to P. rovume and the forms allied to it, I find

among the six skulls I refer to the group a variation in the

condition of the palate extending over the whole gamut

shown by typical Petrodromus on the one hand and Cerco-

clenus on the other, the original specimens from the Rovuma

having the palate as imperfect as in the former, while one,

which I believe to represent P. nigriseta, Neum., from

Mandera, K. Africa, has it as complete as in the latter.

With regard to the caudal bristles, some specimens of

“ Cercoctenus”’ sultan have them, or, at least, some of them,

hardly more knobbed than in P. rovwume, and, on the other

hand, some of those of P. rovume are scarcely more thick-

ened than in the less hairy-tailed forms of true Petrodromus.

In view, however, of the way the species overlap geogra-

phically, and of the apparently superspecific value of the

bristle structure, I would suggest that three subgenera should

be recognized—the typical Petrodromus (g enoty pe P. tetra-

dactylus), characterized by its perfectly 1iormal tail-hairs, a

new subgenus Jesoctenus (genotype P. rovume), with thick-

ened and partially differentiated bristles, and Cercoctenus

(genotype P. sultan), with its bristles Kknobbed and fully

differentiated trom the other hairs of the tail *.

* It is difficult to enter into the mind of an author (A. Roberts, Ann.

Transy. Mus. iv. p. 69) who in 1918 stated that the knobs on the caudal

bristles of P. schwanni were “ probably” due to singeing in grass fires.

Of course, forty years ago, when the first specimen of P. sultan came,

this idea presented itself and was considered, but was even then disproy-

able by the different lengths, inter se, of the bristles, of which fresh ones

could be seen pushing up fully formed, among the bases of the longer

ones. But now, when dozens of examples of Petrodromus with knebbed

bristles have been recorded, one can only wonder how Mr. Roberts sup-

poses that every indiv idual’ singes its tail in exactly the same part and to

the same extent.

Mr. Roberts has also given new names to Beira and N.W. Rhodesian

forms of Petrodromus, of both of which the British Museum possesses

topotypes. In the case of the former it seems true that Beira and Goron-

goza specimens may be recognized as distinct from those of the Zambezi

by their larger size, darker feet, and buffy thighs. But, if this be so, it is

certain that the Chirinda series, put in with tet) -adactylus by Mr, Roberts

in defiance of the geography of ‘the ease, should not be included in that

species, but be either detre@ or distinct. Personally I believe them to be

the latter, and have described them below,

With regard to occidentalis, it does not appear that the reputed diffe-

rences 1n size hold good, and the name should apparently be synonymized

Petrodromus and Rhynchocyon. 367

The following new forms also appear to need description :—

Petrodromus robustus, sp. n.

Similar to venustus, but larger and with more powerful

muzzle and incisors.

Size rather greater than in venustus, the feet stouter.

Colour about as in that animal, though not so pale as in the -

most extreme specimens ; feet similarly whitish instead of

brown as in telradactylus. Under surface of type white

almost without buffy suffusion; the hairs slaty at base. A

patch on the chest drabby, but this may be either glandular

or artificial, like the chest-staining found in many African

small mammals, and often mistaken by ignorant workers for

a natural character. ‘l'ail well-haired, black except for its

basal third below, where it is dull whitish.

Skull very stout and heavy, larger than in any true Petro-

dromus, and only equalled by that of P. (Cercoctenus) sultan.

The muzzle is long and broadened in front, where it contains

the large anterior incisors, not evenly tapering forwards as is

usual, Nasals also broader. Palate with the large vacuities

characteristic of true Petrodromus. Parapterygoid fosse very

broad, the breadth across the pterygoids 10 mm., a breadth

only approached in other species when long lateral spines are

developed, which is not the case here. ‘The lines of the outer

edges of the ectopterygoids, if produced forwards, meet at an

angle of about 55°, while this angle is ordinarily about 40° in

tetradactylus aud 43°-47° in venustus, but, of course, there is

a good deal of variation in individual cases, -

Anterior incisors conspicuously larger than in any other of

the allied species, only equalled in length, though not in thick-

ness, by those of P. (Cercoctenus) sultan ; their length 5mm.

and their greatest diameter 2°2; their height fully double

that of 7? and the canine. Other teeth broad and stout; p* as

broad posteriorly as anteriorly.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh by collector) :—

Head and body 193 mm.; tail 178; hind foot 57:5

(56°5 dry); ear 38.

Skull: greatest length 57; condylo-basal length 53:2;

with venustus. In the measurements given it is not clear whether “ bas.

leng.”’ means basal or basilar length, while it 7s clear that “ molar series ”’

includes premolars as well as molars.

I regret to have to recur to the character of Mr. Roberts’s mammal

work, but accident having necessitated my working on the same things

from the same region, [ should not be doing my duty if I took the easy

course and refrained from commenting on the harm such work is lixaly

to do to the mammalogy of the countries concerned,

368 Mr. O. Thomas on

zygomatic breadth 31:3; breadth of muzzle above 2° 88;

nasals 20°5 x 4°2 ; interorbital breadth 9°4 ; breadth of brain-

case 21; palatal length 32; anterior palatal foramina 6°9 ;

breadth of palate outside m' 19:7. Upper tooth-series 29°3 ;

front of p* to back of m? 11.

Hab. Katanga, Southern Congo basin. Type from the

Upper Lufira River. Alt. about 8600!.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 7.12.13.7. Collected

21st June, 1907, by Mr. S. A. Neave.

Comparison with about forty skulls of Petrodromus (s. s.)

from all parts of the range of the genus shows that this

animal from the north side of the Congo-Rhodesian watershed

stands out markedly from all of them by its heavy muzzle

and large anterior incisors. Although adult the type is by

no means old, its teeth being but little worn. Many male

specimens with teeth more worn are among those with which

I have compared it.

With regard to P. venustus itself, I am somewhat doubtful

if it ought not, like the Zululand form above described, to be

considered as a subspecies of P. tetradactylus, some of the

Nyasa specimens being more or less intermediate between the

two. But this question may be left for further material to

decide.

Petrodromus tetradactylus swynnertoni, subsp. u.

General colour rather dark as compared with specimens

from Gorongoza and Beira, the cinnamon or hazel area of the

back less bright, the grey of the flanks more smoky, and the

buffy edging of the belly darker, Belly-hairs generally

washed with buffy. Upper part of thighs much greyer and

less buffy, the buffy of the flanks scarcely continued on to

them. In the other form this region is prominently buffy.

Upper side of hind feet rather lighter, though not so whitish

as in venustus,

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body 200 mm, ; tail 164; hind foot 53.

Skull: greatest length 52; condylo-basal length 49;

zygomatic breadth 26°35; nasals 20°5 x 3°6; breadth of brain-

case 19°4; upper tooth-series 27:2 ; p* and two molars 9°7.

Hab. Chirinda Forest, Melsetter, S. Rhodesia.- Alt. 3900’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 8. 7. 19. 10. | Original

number 58. Collected 26th June, 1906, by C. F. M. Swyn-

nerton, Esq., and presented by him to the National Museum,

Eleven specimens.

This race of Pelrodromus is readily distinguishable from

Petrodromus and Rhynchocyon. 369

the form next north of it, that of Beira and Gorongoza,

by its generally duller coloration, and especially by the

practical absence of the prominent buffy on the thighs. I

have named it in honour of its donor, to whom we owe such

interesting series of the mammals of the Chirinda Forest.

Petrodromus (Mesoctenus) mossambicus, sp. 0.

Most nearly allied to P. rovume, but the palate much more

complete and the belly-hairs not white to their bases.

Size and general characters quite as in P. rovume.

Colour apparently as in that species in most respects, but, as

the specimens of both are in spirit, no exact comparison 1s

possible. It is, however, evident that while in the type of

rovume the belly-hairs are white quite to their bases, that of

mossambicus has, as is usual in the genus, the bases of all the

ventral hairs slaty. In both the chin-hairs are completely

white and those of the chest slaty-based. Rump broadly

naked, or, rather, clothed with an exceedingly fine pubes-

cence quite different from the general fur.

Skuli with its palate about as complete as in average

female * specimens of Cercoctenus, markedly more pertect

than in rovume, in which the vacuities are as large as or

larger than in Petrodromus (s, s.). Other characters as in

that species.. Ectopterygoids rather narrow, the lines of their

outer edges making an angle of about 40°.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the sp'rit-speci-

men) :—

Head and body 170 mm.; tail 148; hind foot 49°5 ;

ear 31.

Skull: greatest length 50°5; condylo-basal length 47 ;

zygomatic breadth 26°5 ; nasals 20 x 3°85 interorbital breadth

9; palatal length 28°7; breadth across pterygoids 7:5;

upper tooth-series 26°5 ; p* and two molars 9.

Hab. Cabaceira, Mozambique.

Type. Adult female in spirit. B.M.: no. 64. 12. 6. 1.

Collected and presented by Sir John Kirk.

This is the female specimen recorded as P. rovume

“without exact history” in my original description of that

animal. But J have since found out that it came from Caba-

ceira, a distance from the Rovuma quite sufficient to render

the differences above noticed worthy of recognition. From

P. (M.) nigriseta, Neum., to which I assign a specimen from

* Throughout the group male skulls have on the average rather more

complete palates than female, though there are many exceptions to this

rule.

370 Mr. O. Thomas on a

Mandera, Hast Africa, it is distinguishable by its broadly

naked rump, that region in nigriseta being about as hairy as

in ordinary Petrodromus.

RHYNCHOCYON.

Since in Rhynchocyon there are three coaspicuously diffe-

rent types ef coloration—those of the cirne?, petersi, and

chrysopygus groups respectively,—it seemed likely that a close

examination of the skulls would indicate the advisability of a

triple subdivision of this genus also. Such, however, proves

to be only partially the case, for the natural grouping would

appear to be into two, as follows :—

’

RHYNCHOCYON, s. s.

Back with a chess-board pattern ; ground-colour some shade

of grey, rarely a little rufous.

Outer upper incisor normally deciduous.

Genotype. R. cirned, Peters.

RuINoNAX, subgen. nov.

Back without chess-board pattern. Ground-colour deep

rufous or chestnut, the posterior back yellow or black.

Outer upper incisor normally permanent.

Genotype. RB. chrysopygus, Giiuth.

Also contains 2. petersi and its allies.

The fact that the character of the permanence or otherwise

of the upper incisor is not absolutely constant in either sub-

genus, a small proportion of the skulls of each providing

exceptions to the rule, induces me to treat these groups

merely as subgenera, and not full genera.

I may take this opportunity formally to select B.M.

no. 80. 11. 30. 7, with its skull 1758a, as a lectotype of

R. (Lhinonax) chrysopygus, the other two co-types mentioned

by the author thus becoming lecto-paratypes.

XLIV.—A new Wild Dog from the Bogotd Cordillera.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum owes to the Rev. Prof. Apollinaris

Maria, of the Faculty of Medicine, Bogota, an example of

a wild dog from the eastern slopes of the Bogoté Cordillera,

and this appears to me to represent a species not hitherto

described.

new Wild Dog from the Bogotd Cordillera. 371

It may be called

Cerdocyon apollinaris, sp. n.

A small stoutly built Cerdocyon, with very robust teeth.

External characters much as in C. thous. General colour

above coarsely grizzled black and white, with a suffusion of

buffy. Sides dull butfy. Belly buffy whitish. Back of ears

little darker than head, their inner surface and edges, and a

large patch behind them buffy. Lips and chin black. A

white patch on throat. Limbs buffy, greyish externally,

clearer buffy internally ; hands and feet black, more or less

grizzled proximally. Tail with the usual dorsal and terminal

black-tipped hairs.

Skull short but very stoutly built; its length slightly

exceeding that of C. aguilus, Bangs, of Santa Marta, less

than that of the Brazilian C. brasiliensis, Schinz. Muzzle

proportionally short and broad, the combined transverse

breadth of the incisors unusually great.

Teeth stout and heavy throughout. Canines thick. Pre-

molars broad. Carnassial and molars large, and so rounded

as to give them an unusually large area, even as compared

with forms in which direct measurements make the teeth

appear larger—e. g., C. mimaw. Space between m! and m?

reduced to a narrow crack.

Dimensions of the type :—

Tail (measured on skin, vertebrae extracted) 240 mm. ;

hind foot (wet) 131; ear (wet) 71 x 54.

Skull: greatest length 135; condylo-basal length 132 ;

zygomatic breadth 79; nasals 49; breadth of muzzle at

p 24; interorbital breadth 27; tip to tip of postorbital pro-

cesses 42; intertemporal breadth 33; breadth of brain-case

48°5 ; palatal length 67.

Teeth. — Transverse length of upper incisor-row 18°7.

Diameter of canine on cingulum 6°6. Length of p! 4:6,

p? 7:2, p® 74, p* on outer edge 13°6, diagonally 15. JZ,

length on outer edge 10°9, middle breadth 11°8, greatest

diagonal breadth 14. 4/, length on outer edge 6°7, greatest

diagonal breadth 10. Length of py 4°5, po 6°8, ps 8°2, py 8°8,

m, 15°5, mz, 9, mz 4°7.

Hab. (of type). Choachi, eastern slope of Cordillera,

Bogota. Alt. 1800 m.

Lype. Adult male. B.M. no. 18. 3. 28. 1.

This wild dog differs markedly from all its allies by its

short stoutly built skull and remarkably heavy teeth. I have

much pleasure in connecting with it the name of the

enthusiastic naturalist to whom we owe its discovery.

372 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the Batrachian

ALV.—Remarks on the Batrachian Genera Cornufer, Tschudi,

Platymantis, Gtr, 8S a g. Ny and Staurois, Cope.

By G. A. BoULENGER, F.RS

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the March number of these ‘ Annals’ I have pointed out

some differences in the structure of the terminal dises of the

digits in the genus Rana, and endeavoured by their applica-

tion to the Papuan and Melanesian species to ensure a clearer

definition of these frogs and a grouping more in accordance

with their natural aftinities. In proposing the subgenus

Discodeles for certain Indian and Melanesian frogs, the true

relationships of which I had failed to grasp before, I stated

that it leads to Cornufer, a genus previously defined as

“differing from Rana in the free or very feebly webbed toes

and the complete union of the outer metatarsals by the

thickened integument, the web not penetrating between

them. In view of the state of things in the species grouped

under Discodeles, the definition is no longer sufficient, and ‘

have had to consider whether Cor nufer should be treated «

a mere subgenus of Rana, or whether other fame

justifying a generic separation, could be discovered.

I have come to the conclusion, after examining a large

material, that, although unquestionably counected with Diseo-

deles, these frogs can be sharply separated from Rana by

reverting to the view of Giinther (1858), that the species

with large digital dises (Cornwer, Tschudi,= Halophilus,

Girard) should be kept distinct from those with small dises

and practically free toes (Platymantis, Gthr.).

The dises of Platymantis do not differ from those of Rana

bufoniformis, opisthodon, and guppy, from which group the

genus may be derived, whilst those of Cornujer, though

agreeing in shape with those of Rana beddvmii and its Tndian

allies, present this notable feature, that a transverse groove,

extending across the lower surface and corresponding in

position with the horizontal limb of the T-shaped terminal

phalanx, is continuous with the crescentic or horseshoe-

shaped groove between the upper and the lower surface, thus

defining a hemispherical area within the dise, a feature which

is foreshadowed in the species of Rana (subgenus //ylorana)

separated by Cope under the name of Amo/lops, in which a

more or less distinct transverse ridge or groove also corre-

sponds to the very long horizontal limb of the terminal

phalanx without actually joining the marginal groove. There

is, I feel sure, no direct genetic connection “between these

frogs and Cornufer , as proved by the osteological characters

Genera Cornufer, Platymantis, &e. 373

of the latter, which agree with those of Discodeles (large

nasals in contact with the frontoparietals, omosternal style

forked at the base) and differ from those of Amolops and

Staurois (small nasals widely separated from each other and

from the frontoparietals, omosternal style not forked).

Digital discs absolutely similar to those of Cornufer are

found in Staurois, Cope (type: Lvalus natator, Gthr.), and

in a frog from Kina Balu, North Borneo, described by me

thirty years ago under the name of Iaalus latopalmatus,

which I now regard as the type of anew genus, Simomantis,

so named in allusion to the curious pug-like form of the

snout ; this frog agrees with the species grouped under Staurois

in the very large digital discs, broader than long, supported

by T-shaped phalanges in which the horizontal limb is longer

than the longitudinal, in the absence of an intercalated bone

between the penultimate and distal phalanges, in the outer

metatarsals separated to the base by the very broad web of

the toes, in the absence of vomerine teeth, and in the osteo-

logical characters referred to above. In addition to the

structure of the digital discs, Simomantis is distinguished

from Rana, as it isalso from Staurois, by the webbed fingers,

a character which had led me to refer S. /atopalmata to the

vicinity of Zvalus bimaculatus, Peters, likewise from Borneo,

which is, however, a true Jzalus.

Simomantis is confined to Borneo; Cornufer is known

from Burma (C. tenasserimensis, Stoliczka, originally de-

scribed as a Rana), Borneo (C. baluensis, Blgr.= Kana sariba,

Shelford), the Philippines (C. quenthert, Bler., jagori, Peters,

worcesteri, Stejneg., corrugatus, A. Dum.), New Guinea

(C. unicolor, Tschudi), the Solomon Islands (CU. guppyt,

Blgr.), and the Hiji Islands (C. dorsalis, A. Dum., inter-

medius, F, Mill.) ; whilst Platymantis 1s represented in the

Philippines (P. corrugata, A. Dum., meyert, Gthr.), New

Guinea and neighbowing islands (P. corrugata, A. Dum.,

punctata, Peters & Doria, beauforti, v. Kamp.), New Britain

(P. boulengert, Boetig.), the Solomon Islands (P. solomonis,

Blgr.), and the Fuji Islands (P. vitiana, A. Dum., wnilineata,

Peters).

Although the presence or absence of vomerine teeth is

generally regarded as of generic importance, it would be so

obvious a violation of the principles of watural classification

to separate generically Staurois hainanensis, Blgr., from

Rana latopalmata, Bler. (Amolops afyhana, Cope), or Staurois

natator, Gthr., from Rana guttata, Gthr., on this ground, that

I have no hesitation in referring Staurols hainanensis to Rana,

in spite of the absence of vomerine teeth, and jn modifying

the definition of the genus Staurois, founded on the absence

374 On the Genera Cornufer, Platymantis, ce.

of these teeth, so as to include Rana guttata, in which they

are present though feebly developed. I have formerly even

gone so far as to regard the last as specifically identical

with Staurois natator ; now, with a larger material for study,

I find it advisable to distinguish them and also to recognize

the species described by Mocquard as Jvalus nubilus.

Rana larutensis, Blgr., shows the same digital structure as

the last-named species, and is therefore removed from Rana

and referred to the same genus.

Five species constitute the genus Stauro’s as now defined,

agreeing in the small tympanum; in the very large discs of

the fingers, broader than long and larger than those of the

toes, with a half-dise within the dise on the lower surface ;

in the very full web of the toes, involving the base of the

dises; and in the outer metatarsals separated to the base.

They may be distinguished as follows :—

I, Head as long as broad, much depressed ; no papilla in the middle of

the tongue ; vomerine teeth in small groups just behind level of

choanee ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching tip of snout or beyond ;

tibia 4 to 43 times as longasbroad. SS. darutensis, Blgr. (Malay

Peninsula and Borne»).

Il. Head longer than broad, moderately depressed.

A. No papilla in the middle of the tongue ; tibio-tarsal articulation

reaching tip of snout or beyond ; tibia 5 to 7 times as long as

broad ; skin of upper parts coarsely granulate.

Vomerine teeth in small groups between

thetchoante 5's...) eer, sone: .... SS. guttatus, Gthr. (Borneo).

Nolvomerine teeth. asc mrss tet ona ae S. natator, Gthr. (Philip-

pines).

B. A conical or rounded large papilla in the middle of the anterior

third of the tongue ; no vomerine teeth.

Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching tip of

snout or beyond; tibia 5 to 6 times as

long as broad; skin of upper parts [ wan).

coarsely pranulate. .., 3552. chen S. nubilus, Moequard (Pala-

Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching between

eye and nostril; tibia 4 to 43 times as

long as broad; skin of upper parts _ [(Borneo).

feebly granulate: .\ vias eeteo tne S. tubertlinguis, sp. un.

The eggs, which measure 14 mm. in diameter, are strongly

pigmented, dark brown over the greater part of the surface,

in S. guttatus, feebly pigmented, pale brown, in S. nubilus,

unpigmented in S. natator; they are also unpigmented, but

larger (2 mm.), in S. larutensis.

I append a description of the new species :—

Staurois tuberilingurs.

Vomerine teeth absent. A large conical papilla in the

On some External Characters of the Bears. 375

middle of the anterior third of the tongue. Head longer

than broad, moderately depressed ; snout obtusely pointed,

strongly projecting beyond the mouth, as long as the eye ;

canthus rostralis sharp; loreal regiom feebly oblique, deeply

concave ; nostril a little nearer the tip of the snout than the

eye; interorbital space as broad as or a little broader than

the upper eyelid; tympanum moderately distinct, not quite 4

the diameter of the eye. Fingers rather slender, the tips

dilated into very large discs which are broader than long ;

first finger longer than the second; subarticular tubercles

small, feebly prominent. Toes rather short, the fourth not

much longer than the fifth, with discs similar to those of the

fingers but smaller, fully webbed, the web feebly notched and

involving the base of the discs ; no tarsal fold; inner meta-

tarsal tubercle oval, flat, 4 the length of the inner toe; no

outer tubercle. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching between

the eye and the nostril ; tibia 4 to 43 times as long as broad,

twice, or slightly less than twice, in length from snout to

vent, shorter than the fore limb, longer than the foot. Skin

feebly granulate above, with flat glandules on the sides, of

belly smooth or feebly granulate. Dark brown above and on

the sides, including the upper lip, with a few very indistinct

hghter vermicular markings on the head and back ; limbs

without or with rather ill-defined dark cross-bands ; hinder

side of thighs dark brown, with small yellow spots or vermi-

cular markings; web between the toes blackish ; lower parts

white, throat brown or spotted with brown.

From snout to vent 42 mm.

This species is proposed for two female specimens, the

larger from Mt. Kina Balu, North Borneo, altitude 4200 feet,

received from Dr. R. Hanitsch in 1899, the smaller from

Mt. Batu Song, Sarawak, 1000 feet, received from Dr. C. Hose

in 1892.

XLVI.—Further Notes on some External Characters of the

Bears (Urside). By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S.

Introduction.

In 1914 (Proe. Zool. Soc. pp. 929-941) I described the feet

and rhinaria of certain species of Ursidze, and on the strength

of the characters observed admitted the following genera of

this family : Melursus for ursinus, Helarctos for malayanus,

Tremarctos for thibetanus and ornatus, Ursus for arctos,

horribilis, americanus, and their allies, and Thalarctos for

376 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some

maritimus. The material examined consisted of a newly

born cub of Thalarctos maritimus and of Ursus arctos aud

adult examples of Melursus ursinus, Tremarctos thibetanus,

and of Ursus americanus, the conclusions regarding Helarctos

malayanus heing derived from an inspection of living

specimens and dried skins. Since that date I have had the

opportunity of examining in the Prosectorium of the

Zoological Society fresh dead specimens of Ursus horribilis

and of Helarctos malayanus, thus adding two species to my

previous list, and also of Melursus ursinus, Tremarctos thibet-

anus, ana of Ursus americanus, and an adult of Ursus arctos

from North Russia, enabling me to confirm and extend my

previous observations on these species. With regard to

Thalarctos I can add nothing to what I previously stated.

The examples of Ursus horribilis, two females 25 and 27

years old respectively, from the Missouri Brakes, Montana,

whence they were brought as cubs in 1890 by Mr. Ewen

Cameron, cause me to modify considerably my conception of

the genus Ursus. The feet, indeed, as explained below,

differ so markedly from those of Ursus americanus that I am

persuaded the two bears should be separated generically or

subgenerically, unless other examples of U. horribilis show

the characters to be variable, a conclusion not justified by the

analogy of other Carnivora. In certain respects the feet of

Ursus arctos bridge the interval between those of U. horribilis

and U. americanus. But, curiously enough, U. arctos is in

this character nearer U. americanus than U. horribilis, which

was hardly to be expected from the external appearance of

the species concerned.

It may be recalled that Gray long ago gave superspecific

rank to these bears, applying the name Danis to horribilis,

Euarctos to americanus, and reserving the name Ursus for

arctos and its nearallies. In the following pages the species

are recorded under those names.

In 1917 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xx. p. 129)

I severed thibetanus from Tremarcios as a distinct genus

Arcticonus, based upon the cranial differences between the

Asiatic and South American forms. Hence it follows that

each of the well-marked types of living Bears takes generic

or subgeneric instead of specific rank, a conclusion which

many W vill deprecate, but which is more in accord with modern

schismatic treatment than the older conception.

The existing genera and typical species of Urside will

therefore stand as follows:—Thalarctos maritimus, Ursus

arctos, Danis horribilis, Euarctos americanus, <Arcticonus

thibetanus, Helarctos malayanus, Melursus ursinus, Tremarctos

ornatus. Whether the various forms of Ursus, Danis,

Eaternal Characters of the Bears. Std

Fuarctos, Arcticonus, Helarctos, and Tremaretos should rank

as species or subspecies is a matter about which there will

probably be no unanimity for many years to come ®*.

In my previous paper upon the bears, only the rhinarium

and feet were discussed. In the present instance I have

added a few notes on the ears.

The Ears.

I have not examined the ears in Thalarctos, Arcticonus,

Melursus, and Tremarctos, but, judging from their size in

these genera, it may bé assumed provisionally that they

resemble the ears of Ursus, Danis, and Euarctos. Taking

the ears of these three forms as typical, it may be said that

in all bears, except Helarctos, the ears are expanded and

flattened distally, with convex margin, and tubular proximally,

the angular junction of the traval and antitragal edges

reaching nearly as high as the low-set supratragus, and the

external meatus lyimg deep at the bottom of the tube.

There is no trace of the bursa, an invariable feature in the

Canidee and Felide.

The supratragus (plica principalis) is a strong ridge

overlapped anteriorly by the antero-internal ridge and

provided towards its posterior end with a conspicuous knob-

like thickening. The tragus and antitragus are small

elevations separated by a shallow, narrow notch. The

antero-external ridge above the tragus is weak but the

antero-internal is strong and prominent where it overlaps

the supratragus. The two posterior ridges are likewise

moderately strong, the greater part of the external lying

deep in the tubular hollow below the point of junction of

the two rims externally te

and narrower and simpler than in the three above-mentioncd

species. The upper portion of the pinna is considerably

Jess expanded and less rigid and its height from the supra-

tragus to the summit is less than its total width, despite its

narrowness. All the ridges are soft, not rigid, the tragus,

the antitragus, and the anterior and posterior 1idges are

* In 1896 Merriam (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. x. pp. 65-83) admitted

Euarctos, comprising three species, as a subgenus of Ursus. The rest of

the North American bears, excluding Thalarctos, he referred to Ursus,

sensu stricto, recognising two species of the grizzly bear type and three

of the brown bear type.

+ The ears of Melursus ursinus and of Helarctos malayanus have been

described by Boas (Die Ohriknorpel, etc., p. 1386, 1912); but the figure

of the ear of M. wrstnus is not helpful from my present standpoint.

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 25

378 Mr. R. J. Pocock on some

obsolete and the supratragus alone retaius its normal size

and shape.

The Rhinarium.

In profile view the rhinarium of Danis horribilis resembles

that of Euarctos americanus, as figured by me in 1914, the

septum of the nares visibly projecting beyond their lateral

boundaries. From the anterior view also the rhinaria of

the two specics are much alike; except that in D. horribilis the

Fig. 1.

WAR

os \

EEN

sey

A. Rhinarium and upper lip of Helarctos malayanus from the front.

B. The same from the side.

C. Right ear of Helarctos malayanus, flattened. _s. supratragus; the

dotted line indicates the line of attachment of the pinna to the head.

D. Rhinarium and upper lip of Melursus ursinus from the front.

rhinarium is relatively a little wider, forming a disk about as

wide as high, with the summit mesially depressed and the nares

themselves more expanded laterally. Moreover, the median

area of the upper lip below the rhinarium is scantily hairy.

The rhinarium, however, is everywhere sharply circum

scribed.

The rhinarium of the example of Ursus arctos generally

resembles that of Danis, but the nostrils are a little smaller,

the septum a little wider, and the infranarial portion less

sharply defined from the tip towards the middle line, and the

External Characters of the Bears. ante

lip itself showed hardly any vertical groove. These diffe-

rences may be merely individual.

My figure of the rhinarium of AHelarctos malayanus,

published in 1914, was taken from a dried skin and very

imperfect. In the fresh specimen examined, the rhinarium

(fig. 1, A, B) from the front resembles in a general way that

of Danis horribilis, Euarctos americanus, and Arcticonus

thibetanus ; but in profile view the lateral boundaries of the

nares project beyond and conceal the septum as in MJelursus.

The skin round the disk is naked both dorsally, laterally,

and inferiorly, and the rhinarium itself is nowhere sharply

circumscribed, and the upper lip is more prominent and

mobile than in ordinary bears, though less so than in

Melursus.

The most noticable characters in the rhinarium of Melursus

ursinus are its great width as compared with its height, the

transverse elongation of the nares, and the extent to which

the nares are overlapped above and sideways by the upper

rim and lateral lobes. The infranarial portion of the

rhinarium is very shallow, indistinctly defined from the

subjacent area of the upper lip which is to all intents and

purposes naked, generally moist, and shows no trace of

the median divisional line apparent in other bears, even

in Helarctos malayanus. The structure of the rhinarium in

Melursus suggests that the nostrils are capable of being

closed by compression from above downwards (fig. 1, D).

The Feet.

My brief account of the feet of Huwarctos americanus may

be repeated and amplified.

The digital pads of the fore foot are separated almost to

their proximal ends, where they are united by a narrow strip

of naked skin. They are susceptible of considerable divari-

cation, expanding the paw distally. When in contact they

form a relatively strongly curved line, the third and fourth

toes projecting beyond the second and fifth, and the first

lying considerably farther back and well behind the second.

The area between the digital pads and the plantar pad is

overgrown with hairs arranged in four patches on the inter-

digital webs, the middle line of each digit exhibiting a narrow

hairless tract. The plantar pad appears to vary in shape

and in its length with relation to its width*; but in all

* In my figure of the fore paw of a specimen from Newfoundland

this pad is wider as compared with its length than in examples from

Ontario subsequently examined; but whether this variation and the

more distal placing of the pollical pad, as well as others observable in

the hind foot of the Newfoundland specimen, are seasonal, local, individ ual,

or due to inaccuracy of drawing, I am not in position to say.

380 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some

cases the area behind it is overgrown with hairs from which

the carpal pad arises, as an island, towards the outer or

ulnar side of the wrist.

The hind foot, so far as the digital pads are concerned,

agrees, broadly speaking, with the fore foot. The whole

foot is actually longer and narrower than the fore foot; and

the plantar pad is partially divided in two by a deep angular

depression, covered with hair, which penetrates it on the

inner or halluecal side. The part of the pad behind this

hairy depression does not extend nearly to the tip of the

heel, the extent of the heel which is covered with hair being

Fig. 2.

A. Right fore foot of Danis horribilis from below.

B. Right hind foot of the same. 1, the first digit; 5, the fifth digit.

(The hairs are everywhere cut short.)

almost equal to the length of the anterior half of the plantar

pad along the middle line *.

In the fore foot of Danis horribilis (fig. 2, A) the digital

pads are tightly tied together by naked integument extending

approximately to the middle of their length, the integument

* At least in the Ontario specimens. In my figure of the hind foot

of the Newfoundland specimen the heel appears to be much shorter ;

but the approximate equality in length between this foot and the fore

foot of the same specimen convinces me that the precise length of the

heel was disregarded in the illustration.

External Characters of the Bears. 381

advancing a little further between the second, third, and

fourth toes than between the first and second and the fourth

and fifth. These pads, therefore, are susceptible of com-

paratively slight divarication. Moreover, the line of these

pads is only lightly and tolerably evenly curved, the pad of

first digit (pollex) lying alongside that of the second. It is

noticeable that the strip of integument joining these two

pads is a little wider than the others. In other respects the

tore foot conforms to the type of Euarctos americanus, except

that the hairy space between the digital and plantar pads is

much shorter*.

The hind foot (fig. 2,B) with respect to the digital pads

differs similarly from that of Hwarctos, with the additional

difference that these pads on the third and fourth digits are

themselves immovably fused together along the proximal

half of their juxtaposed edges and cannot be separated at

all. The plantar pad covers the sole of the foot almost as

far back as the tip of the heel, a relatively small portion of

the latter being covered with hair; and the divisional

depression passing inwards from the hallucal margin is both

shorter and narrower than in Huarctos, and is, moreover,

hairless.

Finally, in both the fore and hind feet the pads are much

more coarsely papillate than in Huarctos.

In the analytical tabie of the external characters by which

the genera of bears appeared to be distinguishable (P. Z.S.

1914, p. 940), I stated that the digital pads of the brown

bear and of the grizzly bear are separated throughout

their length. This was a double error, due to an exami-

nation of dried skins, to the necessarily superficial inspection

of the feet of living examples, and, in the case of U. arctos,

to my having only a newly-born cub, preserved in alcohol,

in my hands.

In an adult example of U. arctos, from North Russia, the

feet generally conform to those of Danis horribilis, but they

differ in two particulars. The digital pads, although united:

by webbing to approximately the same extent, are susceptible

of being more widely divaricated owing to the greater width

of the web. ‘This applies both to the fore and hind foot.

Moreover, in U. arctos the pads of the third and fourth

digits of the hind foot are not immovably fused together

throughout the greater part of their length, but are quite

free, although not to precisely the same extent as the third

is from the second and the fourth from the fifth. The

* A feature possibly attributable to my inability to straighten the

digits, owing to the previous immersion in alcohol of the feet of

D. horribilis.

382 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some

differences between the hind feet of Danis and Ursus may

be seen by comparing my sketch of the right foot of the

former with that of the latter, published by Boas in 1909

(Zool, Anz. xxxiv. p. 529). This figure shows the digits of

U. arctos in their natural position and not separated to

their full extent as in my figure of the feet of D. horribilis,

Also in Boas’s figure it may be noted that the pad of the

first digit is set farther back, a much greater extent of the

heel is covered with hair, and that the transverse groove on

the inner half of the sole is larger and inva ded by hair.

This character, however, is variable in U. arctos.

A point of special interest connected with the feet of

Danis horribilis is their resemblance in the alignment and

fusion of the digital pads to the feet of Me/ursus ursinus.

In the latter, however, all the digital pads are united to the

same, or nearly the same, extent * as are those of the third

and fourth digits of the hind foot in D. horribilis, and the

posterior border of the pads is less well defined and the area

between them and the plantar pad is quite naked. Similarly,

in the fore foot of Melursus the area between the plantar

pad and the carpal pad is naked, and above the carpal pad

the integument is for a short distance quite scantily clothed

with hair. Nevertheless, the structure of the feet of Mel-.

ursus suggests that this a is a specialized moditication

of the Danis-type rather than of the Arcticonus thibetanus or

Helarctos malayanus-type, the hemispherical ulnar carpal

pad and reduced radial carpal pad recalling these structures

in Danis, Ursus, and Euarctos.

In Helarctos malayanus, as I have already stated from

an examination of living specimens and dried skins, the feet

resemble tolerably closely those of <Arcticonus thibetanus.

This I have been able to verify on a fresh specimen from

British North Borneo. The ‘digital pads are free and

susceptible of wide divarication as in Hwarctos, but when in

contact their alignment is not quite so strongly curved as in

that genus. The hair clothing the area between the digital

and plantar pads is reduced to four patches opposite the

interdigital spaces, and these patches are much larger on

fore than on the hind feet and the anterior border of the

plantar pad is less well defined than in Luarctos. In the

fore foot the carpal pad forms an area as wide as the plantar

pad and continuous with it, as in Arcticonus thibetanus, but

the divisional line between the two is much less emphasised

than in the specimen of that species I figured in 1914. In

* The degree of fusion varies within the genus, the sutural line

sometimes being distinctly rainaitle sometimes almost obliterated as in

my original figure.

Telernal Characters of the Bears. 383

the hind foot the sole, as in Arcticonus thibetanus, but not in

Huarctos, shows no deep inrunning depression on the

hallucal side and the hairy area of the heel is comparatively

short as in Arcticonus.

The genera above enumerated may be defined by the

following combination of external characters :—

Genus Metursvs, Meyer.

Rhinarium transversely elongate, without median groove,

and not traceable to edge of upper lip, which is smooth

beneath the rhinarium, the margin of the latter overlapping

the valvular nostrils above and laterally. Lips and tongue

long and highly protrusible. ars large. Feet with fused

digital pads and area between these pads and the plantar pad

hairless ; carpal area of fore feet naked, but with radial

pad forming a rounded eminence as in Ursus, and uluar pad

also defined, though indistinctly ; groove on plantar pad of

hind foot deep and moder ately long.

Type and only species, M. ursinus.

Genus Hevarcros, Horsfield.

Rhinarium not transversely elongated, with median groove

traceable to lower edge of upper lip, which is smooth

beneath the rhinarium, the latter laterally overlapping the

septum between the expanded portion of the nostrils. Lips

aud tongue less protrusible than in Melursas, more so than

in the succeeding genera (? Tremarctos). Ears very small,

with supporting ridges, apart from the supratragus, obsolete.

Feet with free digital pads and area between them and the

plantar pad with four interdigital mats of short hair;

carpal area covered by a continuous large pad separated

from the plantar pad by a comparatively narrow crease ;

groove on plantar pad of hind foot short and shallow,

Type, H. malayanus. Number of species or subspecies

doubtful.

Genus Arcriconus, Pocock.

Rhinarium at least differmg from that of Helarctos in that

the lateral lobes do not overlap the expanded portion of the

nostrils, which are thus exposed in profile view. Upper lip

less protrusible and hairy beneath the rhinarium up to the

median vertical groove. Lars large, expanded, with well-

defined ridges. Feet of the same type as in Helarctos, but

with the groove between the plantar and carpal areas better

defined and the hairs of the interdigital mats longer.

Type, A. thidetanus. Number of species and subspecies

doubtful.

384 On some External Characters of the Bears.

Genus Tremarcrtos, Gervais.

External characters known to me only from dried skins,

but apparently resembling those of Arcticonus, although the

examination of fresh material will probably reveal some

differences in the feet and other organs. Pending this the

two genera may be distinguished by the skull-characters I

pointed out in 1917.

Type, 7. ornatus. One or two species.

Genus Evarcrtos, Gray.

Rhinarium, lips, and ears apparently essentially as in

Arcticonus, but the ears smaller. Feet differing from those

of Arcticonus in that the carpal area is thickly covered with

hair, from which the ulnar carpal pad arises ‘as a hemi-

spherical excrescence towards the inner side of the wrist,

and the groove on the plantar pad of the hind foot is much

deeper, wider, and longer, and filled with hair spreading

inwards from the margin of the sole.

Type, Eu. americanus, A few species.

Genus Ursus, Linn.

Approximately resembling Ewarcéos in external characters,

except that the digital pads are united by membrane in

the basal half of their length, although capable of consider-

able separation. Further distinguishable from Lwarctos by

the cranial features described by Merriam in 1896.

Type, U. arctos. Probably a few species, certainly many

subspecies.

Genus Danis, Gray.

In external features agreeing with Ursus, but with the

pads of the third and fourth digits of the hind foot completely

fused in the basal half and inseparable, and all the rest of

the digital pads united by much narrower webbing, so that

the digits themselves are susceptible of very slight di-

varication.

‘ype, D. horribilis. Two species, possibly more.

Genus THaLarcros, Gray.

Rhinarium, lips, and ears, so far as it is permissible to

euess, resembling those of Ursus and Euarctos, and the feet

conforming to the same general type as in those genera*,

but the soles much more overgrown with hair enormously

reducing the size of the plantar pads, the pad behind the

plantar pad of the hind foot represented by a small elon-

gated piriform pad towards the inner side of the foot about

halfway between the plantar pad and the heel.

Type, Th. maritimus. Only one species admitted,

* In newly-born cubs the digital pads are not united.

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CONTENTS OF NUMBER 5.—VNinth Series.

op!

XL. Notes on Exotic Chloropide.—Part II. Oscinine. By C. G.

Lamp, M.A., B.Se:, Clare College, Cambridge ............4.... . 329

XLI. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera. KX XIV. On Ethiopian:

Psammocharide in the British Museum. By Row1anp E. Turner,

BZ 23 Fics ep oe gt es a eee ers ties 8 Ee 349

XLII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—XXXV. On new

Sphecoidea in the British Museum. By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z.5.,

1 URS rate pres os APN eR IEA nou ToD ke Gre goalie «eae ia GOO

XLII. Notes on Petrodromus and. Rhynchocyon. By OLDFIELD

TPOMAB 0) Sosa pe nies ep tes atens eR ee Senne die e a eee 364

XLIV. A new Wild Dog from the Bogota Cordillera. By Oxp-

WIELD THOMAS O30 505 cs 5 oo a Pees ee ee Rue eee 370

XLV. Remarks on the Batrachian Genera Cor nufer, Tschudi,

Platymantis, Gthy., Simomantis, g.n., and Staurois, Cope. By G. A.

Bovsenger, FoRB20.0 5 1 saGien ee eval hy Seagate Se eee ate sete Peed a

XLVI. Further Notes on some External Characters of the Bears

(Urside). : By Be iL: Pocock, VRS ee ia sic goss eels hie

375

y x

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XLVII.— Notes on Hxotic Chloropidee.—Part IT. Oscinine.

By C. G. Lams, M.A., B.Sc., Clare College, Cambridge.

[Concluded from p. 348. ]

EXLACHIPTERA, Macq.

E, simplicipes, Beck.

S. Rwopesia: Salisbury (G. A. K. Marshall, Camb.

Coll.).

EE, conjuncta, Adams.

In the Camb. Coll. is a long series of an Llachiptera from

various parts of South Atrica. It has the remarkable form

of abdomen in which the basal segments are fused and much

elongated, the end segments being often almost entirely

drawn up inside the previous one; the scutellum has one

main pair of tubercles and a smaller side pair ; the arista is

shaped like a sword-bayonet. The amount of blackening

varies very greatly with the locality. In the Chirinda Forest

the prevalent type is one in which the dorsum is all shining

black, the pleura red, the scutellum more or less blackened

basally and discally ; im one specimen the thorax is all

orange, with an entirely black scutellum. Near Durban the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 26

386 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide.

prevailing type has the blackening confined to the two side-

rows of pits on the dorsum and the scutellum is much paler ;

in a few cases the dorsum is more generally suffused, though

not all black, or the dorsum is entirely darkish orange. A

single specimen from near Durban is even quite clear orange

and is larger than the others.

In all the forms the elongate abdominal segments vary in

colour; the normal type is orange in the centre, with a black

border, but this varies much till it may nearly cover the

whole surface. The legs are orange, but in some cases the

front tibia and in others the last tarsal joints are a little

darkened. There is also a barely perceptible variation in the

slope of the hind cross-vein, which is most marked in the

large pale specimen. ‘=

It appears that we have here a single variable species.

Although Adams (Kansas Univ. Se. Bull. iii. 1905, p. 190)

omits to mention the aristal form, there can be little doubt

that the whole series is best placed in his species, of which

he had but two specimens. The larger single specimen can

be taken to be Becker’s Z. occipitalis ; in fact, Becker is

of the opinion that this is merely a pale variety of Adams’s

species,

Nata: Durban (fF. Muir); 8. Ruopesra: Chirinda

Forest (G. A. K. Marshall).

Llachiptera dubia, sp. n.

There are several specimens of a species of the cornuta

group, which may be a light form of Z. sibiriea, Lw., which

species Becker records from Africa. It does not absolutely

agree with Becker’s description, and hence a brief account

of it is appended.

The thoracic colour is darkened orange, not black, though

some specimens are more dusky than others. The puncture-

lines are less marked than in cornuta, largely owing to the

much smaller size of the diverging furrow-bristles; the

scutellum is more finely punctate, the end tubercles being a

little larger, the side ones about the same; the head is very

like that of cornuta, but the triangle is perceptibly smaller,

the thickened arista slightly longer, and the hairing of it

considerably denser. The legs are entirely yellow, with the

last tarsal joints sometimes a little suffused ; the hind tibia

has a well-marked * brand” outside.

The pleura is all red right up to the edge of the dorsum.

I'he insect is of about the same size as /. cornuta.

Nata: Durban (2/. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evotie Chloropide. 387

MeELANocHaTA, Beck.

M, pubescens, Thalh.

There is a long range of specimens from Durban (/. Mur)

and a few from the Chirinda Forest, Mashonaland, which

cannot be separated from this cosmopolitan species, although

there is a certain amount of variation in the intensity and

extent of the dark suffusions.

ML. flavofrontata, Beck.

There are three specimens that agree with the description

of this species, even in the presence of the small femoral

spot (see III. p. 165). They area light form, aud the rows

of punctures are very nearly obsolete, as is the case in many

specimens of M. pubescens. It is just possible they are speci-

fically distinct from Becker’s species.

S. Inpta: Yerkand, Shevaroy Hills, 4500 ft.

HIPPELATES, Loew.

H. longiseta, Lamb.

This species was first described by the author from the

Seychelles (Proc. Linn. Soce., Zool. xv. pt. 3, p. 334). There

are specimens in the Camb. Coll. from Mozambique (f.

Muir).

Hl, nigricornis, Vhoms., var. bilineata, Meij.

Cryton: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford).

HF. minor, Meij.?

There are a few specimens which are probabiy a light form

of this species. According to the description, it has two

thoracic lines merging into a big spot. These specimens

have a large black thoracic spot just before the scutellum,

but practically no sign of the lines. They possess all the

other characters, including the peculiar mesopleural spot

and the non-terminal tibial spur. In the absence of more

material, and bearing in mind the considerable colour

variation that occurs in species of this genus, there is no

valid reason for separating the specimens under another

name.

CEYLON: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford).

20*

388 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropides

Hippelates ocellata, sp. n.

Two specimens are present which must be near meso-

pleuralis, Beck.

Head (top view) :—Frons orange, the cael shining,

equilateral, the base being about # the breadth of the head at

vertex and the point extending about 4 down to the front ; eyes

considerably more densely pilose than in most of the pubescent

eyed species. Side-view: antenne orange, with black and

very pubescent arista inserted just supra-apically ; jowls at

their narrowest about } depth of 3rd joint, these and the face

whitish and slightly ‘silvery ; hind head orange, slightly

- darkened around the neck ; palpi orange.

Thorax: dorsum orange, the humeri lighter; just behind

each is a perfectly circular black spot ; a long, somewhat

oval-ended black spot starts just beyond the middle of the

dorsum and extends nearly to the scutellar insertion ; the

scutellum is orange, with two long terminal and shorter side-

bristles ; in one specimen the central thoracic spot extends

over the scutellum, in the other the disc is barely darkened.

Pleura shining orange ; the notopleura is blackened just over

wing-base; the mesopleura is all very shining black, the

metanotum dark shining orange,

Wings quite normal, clear, with brown veins. Halteres

all orange.

Legs all orange, except that the front tibia and tarsus are

infuscate, as is most of the hind tibia; the spine on the latter

is inserted before the end and its tip extends to just beyond

the articulation of the tibia and tarsus.

Abdomen black and rather shining, the central area of Ist

and 2nd segments orange.

Size, excluding antenna, 2 mm.

CEYLON: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford).

LASIOPLEURA, Beck.

The occurrence of this aberrant Kuropean genus in Ceylon

is of interest. The genus is remarkable in possessing an

almost complete Acalyptrate type of chetotaxy, including a

full complement of d.-c. and acrostichal bristles,

Lasiopleura zeylanica, sp. n,

The chetotaxy is practically as given by Becker (I. p. 131),

and will not be further indicated.

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evotic Chloropide. 389

Head (top view) :—Frons very bright clear orange, the

side-forks (between eyes and triangle) brown ; the triangle

is very shining black, with its base across the whole vertex,

slightly concave sides, and its extreme tip yellow and ex-

tending somewhat indistinctly almost to the front ; there are

a few scattered black hairs on the frons. Face nearly

white. Side-view: eye-margins and jowls pale orange,

somewhat suffused with silvery dust, the depth of jowl about

equal to 3rd joint ; fine pale vibrissa about halfway down

the curved profile, followed by tiny hairs ; antenna orange,

with a black spot at insertion of the black, distinctly pubes-

cent arista; second joint with a long dorsal bristle at tip ;

palpi pale yellow; tongue long, thickening towards the end,

shining black. Hind head dullish black,

Thorax: dorsum absolutely smooth, black, uniformly

though thinly covered with golden brown pollen, all bristles

black, well developed, and long, especially the last d.-c. Scu-

tellum as thorax, nearly semicircular in profile, very long

terminal bristles and quite short side ones ; pleura as dorsum,

but less shining.

Wings (fig. 20) long, infuscate, especially so in some cases

on the costal half. Halteres yellow.

Lastoplewra xeylanica, X 22

Legs long, all yellow, but generally slightly suffused on

the tibize and tarsi.

Abdomen rather shining black, with longish black hairs,

especially long on the sides.

Size 22 mm., wings a little more.

Cryton: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford),

390 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropidee.

GAMPSOCERA, Schin.

Gampsocera mutata, var. grandis, nov.

The agreement between these specimens and Besker’s

description (IIT. p. 134) and figure of this Formosan species

is almost exact in all structural details ; they differ in being

larger (24 mm, as against 15 to 2 mm.) and in the fact that

Fig. 21,

Gampsocera nutata, var. grandis, X 22.

va } e ?

the parts coloured palely are not “red-yellow” but more

ordinary pale yellow ; the venation is also apparently a little

aberrant in the costal divisions (see fig. 21).

CrYLon: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford).

CESTOPLECTUS *, gen. nov.

Four specimens occur which cannot find place in any of

the present genera.

Generic diagnosis.—Head as in figs. 22, 23, & 24, very

compressed axially, so that the horizontal breadth is about

three times the vertico-frontal distance and the depth in side-

view is nearly twice the axial breadth ; facial angle between

frontal and facial planes about 120°. Antenna (fig. 25) with

large reniform third joint and dorsal pubescent arista; the

antenne are pressed sideways against the face. There is no

vertical triangle and no f.-o. bristles ; the head-bristles are

outer verticals, post-verticals, and small ocellar. The eyes

are very densely pubescent, almost hairy.

The thorax is devoid of d.-c., and. has one supra-alar and

two bristles on the notopleura just before wing-base, placed

* So named from the face being flattened, as if by a blow.

Mr. C, G. Lamb on Evotie Chloropide. 391

vertically above one another; other fine hair-like bristles can

be seen. The calli are very prominent and large ; scutellum

with two main bristles and small side ones; it is large and

Fig. 22. Fig. 23.

Cestoplectus intuens.

Figs. 22, 23, 24, & 26, x 80; fig. 25, x 75.

truly semicircular in profile. Legs long, but quite normal.

Wings with venation as in fig. 26. They offer quite an

exceptional character, in that some of the veins are provided

392 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chioropide.

with dense rows of hairs. On the lower surface the 2nd vein

has a dense row of very short black hairs, getting a little

longer towards the costa; the 3rd vein is similarly, hairy,

but on the upper surface instead of the lower.

The whole insect is orange, with black marks.

Type, the following species.

Cestoplectus tntuens, sp. n.

Head (top and front view, figs. 24 & 23) :—All dull orange,

with fine hairs ; ocellar spot black; in front of it a tiny

shining area, which may represent the triangle; a well-

marked ridge extends from eye to eye over the antennal

bases, and hence the front of frons is slightly hollowed ;

antennal pits with a narrow median keel between. Antenna

(fig. 25) with orange basal joints and deep black 3rd, the

pubescent arista also black. ‘Face yellow, the broad inferior

eye-margins running up to the antenne; mouth emarginate ;

palpi rather club-shaped, black. Side-view (fig. 22): jowls

and hind head yellow, the latter with two extremely tine

divergent dark lines from neck to vertex.

Thorax: dorsum dullish orange, with pale hairs; two

black bands run from the neck over the dorsum, but these

terminate some distance before the scutellum, diverging

slightly behind; on each side is a largish black oval spot

just in front of the well-marked side portion of the cross

furrow; behind the furrow is a short black stripe in line with

the spot, and there is a similar stripe above the wing-base.

The calli are large, almost scale-like, smoother than the

dorsum, almost hairless, and brightish yellow. Scutellum

as in generic diagnosis, somewhat flattened discally, and there

blackened except for an orange median line; it is pale-

haired like the dorsum. Pleura shining orange, "the mar gins

of the sclerites more or less black-bordered ; a large black .

subrectangular spot over the mid coxa.

Wings (fig. 26) clear, with brown veins, which bear hairs

as desciibed above: Halteres all orange.

Legs long, especially the hind pair; all coxe, trochanters,

and femora bright yellow ; front and hind tibiee more or_less

blackened except at extreme tips, middle tibia orange ; front

and hind tarsi infuscate on middle of all joints, mid tarsus

slightly so on Ist joint.

Abdomen all pitchy black.

Size 25 mm, (the abdomen is rather shrunk); wing 34 mm.

CEYLON: Peradeniya (A. Rutherford),

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 393

TRIcIMBA, Lioy.

(Notonaulax, Becker.)

Tricimba setosa, sp. n.

A remarkably bristly form, with an unusually shaped

scutellum.

Head (top view) :—In general appearance and colour very

like 7. lineedla; frons dull orange, triangle ill-defined and

brown, the base extending across frons at about level of front

verticals, the point extending to midway between front

ocellus and forehead ; the bristles are very strong, two parallel

anterior f.-o., the first the smaller, stout inner verticals far

forward, just beyond ocelli (possibly really the upper f.-o.) ;

strong convergent post-verticals placed on vertical ridge just

behind the hind ocelli, and strong parallel ocellars just in

front of these ocelli; all the bristles are black. Face orange,

as are the antenne, except for the tiny black tip of the ard

joint ; arista almost black, long, fully 13 times as long as in

lineella, with long basal joints and faintly pubescent flagellum.

Side-view : jowls all orange, considerably deeper than lineedla,

about 13 times the depth of 3rd joint; orange vibrissa ;

palpi thick and orange, as is the tongue. Hind head grey,

dusted with brown; two fine divergent orange lines from

neck to vertex.

Thorax much the same in colour and dusting as in lineedla,

but with somewhat brighter pollen ; the punctured lines

quite the same in character, the middle one with single-

rowed punctures, side ones double-rowed, though not so right

to the front; callus orange; the bristles present are as in

lineella, not short and orange as in that species, but quite

long, stout, and black. Scutellum subtriangular, with flat

dise, similar to dorsum, but orange at tip; terminal bristles

parallel, black and very long, with a shorter black one on

each side; pleura dark orange, dusted except behind front

coxa.

Wings in general appearance very like those of lineella,

but the venation differs as follows:—Last cross-vein not

sloped, nearly perpendicular, considerably more remote from

the small cross-vein; end of 2ud much nearer end of 3rd.

Halteres pale yellow.

Legs entirely yellow, except for claws.

Abdomen dullish orange-black, brighter towards sides.

Size 3 mm.

Natau: Durban (£. Muir); 8. Ruopesta: Salisbury

(G. A. K. Marshall).

Oscrinis, Macq.

(modo, Oscinella, Becker.)

The number of examples in this genus is not very large,

and several of the very obscure black species are represented

by single specimens; further, a good many were damaged,

so that there are only the following that can be made out

with fair certainty :—

O. maura, Fin.

Several specimens which cannot be separated from forms

of this widely spread species. :

Natau: Durban (F. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

O. complicata, Beck.

Specimens from Durban (Ff. Muir) are quite indistin-

guishable from the specimens from the Seychelles on which

the species was founded. by the author under the name

O. oculata (Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. part 3, 1912, p. 340; see

same, xvi. part 4, 1914, p. 370).

O. maculata, Beck. ?

There is a single specimen from Africa which is either a

bright form of O. maculata described by Becker (III. p. 158)

from New Guinea or a closely allied species of that group,

which ig characterized by a very undulated 4th vein running

just up to the vein-tip. It is unstriped, as are some forms of

Becker’s species, but is apparently more shining and a little

larger. The sternopleural spot is only just visible, owing to

the position of the pin.

Size 14 mm.

S. RuopesiA: Salisbury (@. A. K. Marshall).

O. ornatifrons, Meij.?

There are two specimens, both rather worn, which accord

with fair exactness with the description. The d.-c. bristles

are very small, but all the colour-characters of head &e.

hold.if one allows for the dilapidated state. The only real

difference is a slight one in the colour of the legs, these being

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 395

more dusky than the description would indicate ; all the tibia

are 2 blackened, front tarsus, other tarsi on last joints, and

middle of hind femur also black.

Though the species was originally described from New

Guinea, I can only consider these specimens to be a local

form.

Nata: Durban (Ff. Muir, Camb. Coll.).

Oscinis longipes, sp. Nn.

There is a single female specimen from South Africa

which must be mentioned, in spite of the objection to single-

specimen species. It is an abnormal form of the atricornis

group, differing in size, venation, form of antenna, and in

its very long legs. When the genus is fully investigated,

this will probably be recognized as being of generic rank.

Head, generally speaking, like that of an ordinary black

Oseinis: top view, all black, the triangle excessively shining

black and very large, the base lying across the vertex, the point

Oscinis longipes, X 22.

over the antenna, the sides much arched, so as to leave the

eye-margins narrower than usual and evanescent at vertex.

Face rather blackened behind antenne, but lower half pale

yellow; antenna blackish brown, 2nd joint large, 3rd quite

large, oval in outline, and about as broad as face ; the well-

pubescent arista is also brown. Side-view: eyes faintly and

sparsely pubescent, large, the frontal and anterior boundary

quite circular in outline, leaving only the tip of frons just

visible, the posterior and inferior boundary more flattened,

leaving the linear lower jowls’ and well-marked somewhat

swollen hind jowls visible, these being all black; small

vibrissa ; palpi retracted, orange; tongue with a recurved tip,

the base black, the tip yellow. Hind head all black. The

396 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide,

specimen is in only moderate condition, but the bristles are

normal as far as they can be seen.

Thorax all entirely black and shining, with barely visible

rows of tiny hairs, such as occur in other Oscinids ; main

bristles normal, where present.

Wings as figured (fig. 27), slightly browned, with brown

veins; from the end of 2 to that of 4 the wing has a some-

what darker brownish border. Halteres yellow.

Legs long, the hind pair quite exceptionally so, the femur

being about as long as the abdomen (excluding the ovipositor) ;

the tibia is about ? of the femur in length, and the tarsus

equal to it; in colour pale orange, except that the front and

middle pair are slightly suffused distally on the tarsi; the

middle pair has a black spot on tip of femur; the hind femur

is blackened for the apical third, the tibia for its distal two-

thirds and is so far a little swollen, the tarsus all black.

Abdomen parallel-sided, rather narrow, somewhat flat-

tened, shining black, with a red tinge owing to the pale

orange venter showing through the thin chitin. The ovi-

positor is long, triangular in profile, forming a jointed tube

about half the length of the abdomen proper ; in colour it is

brown.

Length, without ovipositor, 3 mm. ; wing about 22 mm. ;

hind leg nearly 3 mm.

Naran: Durban (Ff. Aluir, Camb. Coll.).

Oscinis bistriata, sp. n.

Head (top view) :—Mainly dull yellow with tiny black

hairs ; triangle slightly raised, with the boundaries extending

to the vertical angles behind the eyes, sides concave, point

about halfway from ocellus to frons; the fore part (including

the slightly raised ocellar hump) is black, rather dull, the

side areas between this and the boundary orange; this

colour extends over the hind head a short distance, and the

bristles are inserted on it just over the vertical ridge; the

black of the ocellar patch also extends behind between the

orange patches, and merges into the lower black part of the

hind head. Eyes with very short but strong pubescence.

Face orange, with the frons overhanging the antennal bases,

the antenna with orange 2nd joint, the 3rd black-brown, but

with a narrow border of yellow round the edge inside; arista

brown, with just perceptible pubescence. Side-view (fig. 28) :

projecting frons yellow, as is the jowl, the latter orange

behind the eye.

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Exotic Chloropide. 397

Thorax, dorsum, and scutellum subshining brown-black,

with very short apparently black hairs, those on the rounded

scutellum a little longer and much more widely scattered ;

long, nearly parallel, terminal bristles, with one short side-

bristle ; in side-light both bristles and hairs appear golden

brown. Along the dorsum run two narrow, shallow, non-

punctate sulci which are dull yellow, and these stripes just

run on to the basal angles of the scutellum ; callus orange ;

pleura and metanotum shining orange-black, the latter the

darker.

Wings (fig. 29) clear, just perceptibly yellow between 1

and 2, veins brown. Halteres pale yellow.

Fig. 28. Fig. 29.

Oscinis bistriata.

Fig, 28, x 40; fig. 29, x 22,

Legs all dull orange, femora with the faintest possible

suffusion,

Abdomen slightly shining, blackish, paler at the base..

Size 14 mm. ; wing a little more.

Britisu East Arrica: Njoro (7. J. Anderson),

ANOM@GOCEROS, gen. nov.

In the collection are two pairs of a remarkable form

exhibiting marked sexual dimorphism in the antenna. The

eyes and most of the body are densely haired. It would

almost seem that they bear somewhat the same relation to

the New Guinea genus Zhyrdula (Becker, III. p. 94) as the

new genus Bathyparia bears to Huryparia.

Generic diagnosis—The large head (fig. 30) bears a big

punctured triangle, which carries a shining broad central

398 Mr. C. G. Lamb on Evotie Chloropide.

stripe; the whole frons except the stripe is hairy. Eyes

large, upright long-oval, extremely pubescent, almost hairy.

The head-bristles are outer vertical, approximated post-

vertical, tiny ocellars bent backwards, all of them pale. Tie

o has a Jargish antenna (fig. 31), with a comparatively long

2nd joint and a triangularly pointed 31d; the arista is

inserted basally and has abnormally long basal joints and a

pubescent flagellum. The ? has an ordinary 2nd (fig. 32), an

oval 3rd with rather acute upper angle, and a similar arista.

Thorax ail punctured and black, with dense fairly long

yellowish hairs, well seen when viewed sideways; the scu-

tellum is similar, somewhat swollen, in profile a long

round-tipped triangle, with two terminal tubercles carrying

long orange bristles ; alongside the end-tubereles on the

lower surface are some smaller auxiliary ones with much

smaller similar bristles. Only the last d.-c. and the noto-

pleural bristles present, all orange. Wings (fig. 33) a little

darkened in male. Legs rather stout, especially so in male.

Type, the following species.

Note.—The specimens are only in moderate condition, and

the bristles are easily detached; hence the above characters

are compiled from all the specimens.

Anomaoceros hispidus, sp. n.

g. Head (top-front view, fig. 30) »—All brown-haired,

frons black, the punctured triangle with base not quite across

vertex and point down to antennee, the central stripe very

shining, the hairs just over antenna white and longer. An-

tenne as fig. 31, 2nd joint orange, very hairy inside, 3rd

basally orange, apically from just before the arista black ;

arista pale orange, with dark-haired flagellum. Trout Sea.

the antennee have long shallow separate fovee, the bottom of

these being dusted grey, as are lines near the edges of the

very hairy eyes. Side-view as fig. 34; palpi orange.

Thorax : dorsum and seutellum similarly and finely pune-

tate, pale-haired (see above) ; calli very prominent, but like

rest of dorsum; scutellum as above. Pleura all shining

black, with few hairs.

Wings long (fig. 33), dusky, with stout brown veins.

Hlalteres with shining black knob.

Legs stout and hairy; all coxe black, all ttochanters

orange, all the femora a little swollen and black (except

knees) ; front femur orange with a small dark ring, middle

Mr. C. G. Lamb on Ezotie Chloropide. 399

with a bigger ring, hind all black: all tarsi paler orange

except the darkened last three joints of hind tarsus.

Abdomen extensively red on the three basal segments, the

rest brown-black with pale margins, covered with fine pale

hairs. A small imbedded hypopygial knob below.

2. Less robust, less hairy, a little smaller, legs less stout ;

Fig. 31. Fig. 82.

Anomeoceros hispidus.

Figs. 30 & 34, x 80; fig. 31 (3) & 82 (Q), x 50; fig. 33, x 22,

abdomen elongate, the last segments forming a longish trian-

gular tubular ovipositing apparatus; no pale margins to the

seginents, Other differences as in generic diagnosis ; other-

wise like @.

Size 24-3 mm.; wings about 4 longer.

S. Ruopesia: Salisbury (G. A. K. Marshall, Camb.

Coll.).

400 On the Acari of the Fami/y Demodecide.

XLVIII.—On the Origin and Affinities of the Acart of the

Family Demodecide, with Brief Remarks on the Mor-

phology of the Group. By Stanuey Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE mites of the family Demodecide are regarded by most

acarologists as an isolated group, and, owing to the extreme

elongation of the body and annulation of the abdomen, they

are usually placed with the ‘Tetrapoda (Hriophyide), a

family also exhibiting these peculiarities, but otherwise very

dissimilar in structure. Oudemans has hinted at their deriva-

tion from the Sarcoptidee (Astigmata) parasitic if mammals,

and has also drawn attention to the rather close resemblance

of Demodex to the Cheletid mite Psorergates belonging to

the order Prostigmata. There can be little doubt that the

Demodecidee are closely related to the Cheletide, and probably

are an offshoot from that family. The male sexual organ

opening is dorsal in position in Demodew, being placed well

forward on the cephalothorax, and this is also well known to

be the case in the Cheletide, notably in the genus Myobia ete.

The penis is a slender elongated structure of considerable size

in both these families, and is attached by the posterior end,

the anterior end being directed forwards and upwards. The

mouth-parts of Demodew are very like those of Psorergates,

and in the former genus a pair of minute ventral stigmata

are present at the base of the capitulum. The respiratory

system is said to be absent in the family Demodecide, but it

is improbable that this is really the case, and I have seen

internal tracheze of a very similar type to those present in

Cheletide. The nymphs of the genus Demodewx differ from

the adults in important details of structure, being provided

with simple lateral plates or epimera (each of which bears

a pair of tubercles furnished with very minute denticles)

instead of the fully developed legs of the mature form. Four

central pairs of curious epidermal discs bearing minute spines

on their posterior margin are also present on the ventral

surface of the body. Further details are given in my revision

of the family Demodecidz, which will be sent to press

shortly.

On the Type-spectmens of Poecilasma carinatum, 401

XLIX.—TVhe Type-specimens of Peecilasma carinatum, [/oek

(Cirripedia). By W.'T. Catman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the Report on the Cirripedia of the ‘Challenger?

Expedition, Hoek described two species of Pweilasma

(2. carinatum and P. gracile) differing trom all those referred

to the genus by Darwin in having “thie sides of the carina

expanded below. Pilsbry, in 1907, “transferred these species

to Hoek’s genus Megalusma, ich them ina new subgenus,

Glyplelasma, with Jf. subcarinatum, Pilsbry, as the type-

species. Annandale, more recently (L9L6), has transferred

Glyptelasma to Prcilaonas belie that ite included species

have more affinity with that genus than with AL g lusma,.

A re-examination of the type-specimens of P. carinatum

and of the specimen described by Gruvel in 1901 reveals

certain omissions and errors in the original descriptions which

deserve to be noticed, since they affect not only the specific

but also the generic ani subgeneric definitions,

Megalasma (Glyptelusma) carinutum (ok).

Pecilasma carinatum, Hoek, eee ‘ Challenger’ Curipedia, 1883, p. 44,

Gherasie Pedune. 1907, p. 5, pl. i. tig. 1; Gravel, Trans. ‘Linn, Suc.

London, Zool. viii. 1901, p. 157, pl. xvii. figs. 9-16.

Megalusma ( Glyptelasma) carinatun, Pilsbry, Bull. U.S. Nat. ‘Mus. Ix.

1907, p. 93; id. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, lx. 1907, p. 416,

Material examined.—Hoek, in his * Challenger’ Report,

mentions six specimens of this species. One, enn Station 24,

off Culebra Island, is no longer in the eollccnune Tom

Station 344, off Napeneion Teland: he records ‘Three speci-

mens and two very small ones.” The bottle bearing the

label of this station now contains six specimens ranging from

1°75 mm. to 14 mm. in length of capitulum. ‘he largest of

these is represented by the capitular valves (the carina and

one scutum separated from the others) and by a partially

dissected body with ovigerous lamelle still attached. Since

the capitular length of this individual is that indicated by

Hc ek tor his largest specimen, and since it appears to have

furnished the imaretiall for most of his figures and much of

his description, I have selected it as the holoty pe.

With regard to Hoek’s figure of the entire animal there is

some difficulty. He says (Chal I, Rep. p. 45) :—* Capitulum

Alin. Mag. NeThst. "Ser, 9.. Vol. i. 24

402 Dr. W. T. Calman on the

....in the largest specimen narrower than in the smaller

ones. Fig. 8 (pl.i.) represents one of the smaller ones.”

The figure, however, measures 28 mm. in length of capitulum,

aud as it is stated to be ‘ magnified two diameters,” it would

correspond exactly in this dimension with the largest of the

ty Pe-specimens: Its width represents an actual measurement

of 85 mm., which is considerably greater than that of any of

the specimens. It does not seem possible, therefore, to

identify this igure with any individual specimen, although

in the form of the seutum, and particularly in the angle

formed by its basal and oceludent margins, it shows a certain

similarity to the second in point of size among the type-

specimens. This individual, of which the capitulum measures

Y mm. in length, is described separately below. +

The Museum also possess * the remains of the specimen

described and figured by Gruvel, as well as a number of

other specimens from the same loc ality (“* off coast of Cuba ’’)

which were seen but not examined in detail by him (Gruvel,

t.¢c. p. 159). Some error has crept into Gruvel’s measure-

ments of his specimen, He gives the length of capitulum as

14 mm, and its width as 4} mm., and his statement that it 1s

about three times as long as wide has been copied by Pilsbry,

who regards this as the chief character distinguishing the

species trom his A/, subcarinatum. ‘The statement, however,

isin conflict with Gruvel’s own camera drawing of the outline

(¢, c pl. xvi. fig. 9) and with the specimen itself. When

the valves are placed together the capitulum measures about

13 mm, by 6 mm., a proportion which agrees well with

Gruvel’s drawing.

Deseription of Holotype. — Valves covered with a fine

nearly colourless cuticle, without sete, Lines of growth

well-marked, with finer concentric ridges aes radial

striaticns very fine, but distinct. Scutum (fig. 1, A) twice as

long as wide, occludent margin convex, Ae margin

straight, carina margin convex ‘above, dee ply concave below,

basal’ margin forming an even curve with occludent margin,

wilh the chord of which it makes a very obtuse angle ; basi-

carinal angle acute and recurved, , Ridge from umbo to apex

well-marked, curved, distant from occludent margin a.

near the ends ; ridge from umbo to carino-tergal angle low

aud rounded but distinct. A small umbonal tooth on inner

surface of both valves and a basal area which is radially and

* Unfortunately the history of these specimens is incomplete, and thee

indications of loeality and depth quoted by Gruyel fiom the labels

Cannot now be confirmed,

—"

Type-specimens of Poecilasma carinatum. 403

concentrically striated (fig. 1, B). Tergum (fig. 1, A) with

carinal margin rather less than half as long as occludent

margin and inclined towards it above. Carina (fig. 1, A, C)

evenly arcuate, upper portion narrow, its transverse width

above not more than one-twelfth of the length of the valve ;

. . . 5

sides expanded in the lower third; septum concave, the

Fig. ©.

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) carinatum (Hoek), holotype.

A. Valves of the capitulum, lateral view. B. Basal angle of scutum,

inner surface. C. Carina, inner surface,

Jateral lobes projecting as seen from the side; basal margin

forming a slightly convex curve with that of the scutum

when the valves are in their natural position and viewed

from the side.

Dorsal surface of prosoma provided with long filamentary

ah re ae 1: an

appendages arranged in two series (cf. fig. 3). The exact

404 Dr. W. T. Calman on the

number of these is difficult to ascertain and the arrangement

is not quite regular, but at least ten appendages can be

counted on one side, the most anterior attached close to the

point of origin of the mantle-fold.

The mouth-parts and the first pair of cirri have been

removed. The second cirrus is present on the right side ; it

has the rami subequal in length, each with sixteen segments.

The fourth cirrus has, on the middle segments, five pairs of

spines, and the posterior sete are shorter than the segments.

The posterior cirri and the caudal appendages are wanting.

Measurements of Holotype.—

mm.

Length of capitulum (approx,)......... 6c eee eee 14

Breadth Soh een OE » 65

Length ofscutum, %.fj1.ctice ein oie aes aise ieee 12

Breadth site «UN Pu chactie erin cet ol cx oaneRerereuera fete 6

Length of tergum (apex to scuto-carinal angle).... 7°26

Mength ol CaTINGingc sso. antes cick or Greet caer e 95

Width Poem (oles iN :))0)-).2) Paneer iee, A a iA oo aos 0-8

Width ap (abbas, approx.) 0c. was seine 12

Fig. 2.

i “

x ~~

\ HN

| \ ‘ we

| \

Outlines of scuta from two paratypes of Megalasma ( Glyptelasma) carina-

tum (Hoek). The larger from a specimen of capitular length

8:5 mm., the smaller from one measuring 6°5 mm,

Variation —The paratypes, which are all much smaller

than the holotype, differ from it more or less in the outline of

the scutum (fig. 2). The basal margin is straight or even

slightly concave, and its junction with the occludent margin

at the umbo is marked by a distinct angle; the angle formed

Type-specimens of Poecilasma carinatum. 405

with the chord of the occludent margin is always very obtuse.

The convexity of the occludent margin varies considerably,

as shown in the figures, and so also does the curvature of the

carinal margin. The median ridge of the carina stops a little

short of the base, forming a tooth which is most prominent

in the smallest specimens.

Fig. 3,

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) carinatum (Hoek). Specimen from coast of

Cuba. Body, from the side, to show dorsal filamentary ap-

pendages, first cirrus, and caudal appendages.

In the specimen figured by Gruvel the outline of the

scutum differs only very slightly from that of the holotype ;

Gruvel’s figures represent rather too sharp an angle between

the basal and occludent margins. ‘The other specimens from

the same locality show considerable variation in this respect ;

406 Dr. W. T. Calman on the

the basal margin may form a continuous curve with the

occludent margin or it may meet it in a distinct angle at the

umbo; the angle which it forms with the chord of the occlu-

dent mar gin varies, although it is always noticeably greater

than a right angle ; the basal margin may be straight or

slightly concave or convex; and it may be equal to or shorter

than the base of the carina.

In Gruvel’s specimen and in the others that have been

dissected the filamentary appendages (fig. 3), although

varying in number, resemble those found in the holotype;

there are usually some six or seven pairs of very long

appendages on the anterior part of the tergal surface of the

prosoma, followed by a number of shorter ones, some of which

may, as in the specimen figured, be reduced to papillee.

The asymmetry of the mandibles observed by Hoek and

again found in Gruvel’s specimen is by no means constant ;

as arule, both mandibles have three teeth in addition toa

bidentate inner angle, but smaller intermediate teeth may be

developed in some or all of the intervals between the larger

teeth. :

The rami of the first pair of cirri (fig. 3) have respectively

ten and eleven hoe ue at least one of the proximal segments

being, as usual, very indistinctly defined. ‘The posterior

cirri in large specimens have a small sixth pair of spines in

addition to those observed in the holotype. The caudal

appendages (fig. 8) may exceed one-fourth of the length of

the peduncle of the sixth cirrus.

‘The largest of the specimens from the coast of Cuba

measures 23 mm. in length and 10°5 mm. in breadth of

capitulum.,

Megalasma (Glyptelasma) sp.

The specimen here recorded was found, as mentioned above,

among the syntypes of P. carinatum. The capitulum

measures 9°5 mm. in length by 4°6 mm, in width. It differs

from all the specimens described above in the following

characters :—

(1) The cuticle of the capitulum is everywhere beset with

short fine setee.

(2) The straight basal margin of the scutum is at right

angles to the chord of the occludent margin, and is a little

longer than the concave basal margin of the carina.

(3) There are no filamentary appendages.

(4) ‘The caudal appendages are extremely short, not more

—— )*

Type-specimens of Poecilasma carinatum. 407

than one-twelfth of the length of the peduncle of the sixth

cirri.

‘The mandible has three teeth and a forked inner angle ;

the first cirri have eight segments in each ramus ; the poste-

rior cirri have four or five pairs of spines on the middle

segments, the proximal pair very small.

‘This specimen doubtless represents a species distinct from

M. carinatum, but it is not so easy to be sure that it is

distinct from some of the other species of the subgenus, in

which the appendages have not been described. Since it is

solitary and probably immature, it seems inadvisable to

distinguish it by a new specific name,

General Remarks.

In establishing the genus Pwcilasma, Darwin stated the

filamentary appendages were absent (Lepadide, p. 100), and

the statement is repeated by Gruvel and by Annandale.

Hoek does not mention these structures, and Pilsbry (Bull.

U.S. Nat. Mus. Ix. 1907, p. 82) merely says of Pacilasma

‘¢ No lateral filaments at bases of the cirri,’ and does not

mention the character under Megalasma. There is evidently

considerable diversity as regards these appendages in the

species referred to Glyptelasma, and in some species they are

absent altogether, as they are in Pecilasma, s. str. They

may furnish characters valuable for the discrimination of

species in this group, subject to the caution suggested by

their known variability in size and number in the species of

Lepas (Darwin, Lepadidee, pp. 70-71).

Annandale’s transference of the subgenus Glyptelasma

from Megalasma to Peeilasma is not supported by the facts

here recorded, Apart from the carina, Megalasma is distin-

guished from Pecilasma by the form of the scuta, in which,

as Pilsbry expresses it, “there has been a rotation of the

basal margin of the scutum through 90°, bringing it in line

with the occludent margin.”” The specimens discussed above

show intermediate stages between those in which the basal

margin is at right angles to the chord of the occludent

margin and those like the holotype of J/. carénatum, in

which the two margins form a continuous curve. From

these to the typical forms of Megalasma the change is very

slight, and I therefore follow Pilsbry in including the species

of Glyptelasma in that genus.

M. subcarinatum, Pilsbry, the type of the subgenus, does

not differ greatly from JM. carinatum in the proportional

AQS Mv. R. E. Turner on new

width of the capitulum, but in some of the other characters

mentioned by Pilsbry it seems to be quite distinet. ‘The

basal width of the capitulum is relatively greater, the basal

margin of the scutum apr ars to be at roht angles to the

chord of the occludent margin, the carina is straighter, and

the width of its upper part | is about one-sixth of its length.

No details are given as to the appendages

L.—On new Ilymenoptera of the Family Kivaniide in the

British Museum. By Rowianp KE. Turner, F.Z.S.,

FE: S: ;

Hyptiogaster rufir, Westw.

Fenus rufus, Westw. Ann. & Mag. Nat. ist. (1) vii. p. 587 (1841). 3;

Westw. Trans, Ent. Soc. London, (2) i. p. 222 (1851).

Hy ntiogaster macrochela, Wieff. Aim. Soe. Ent. France, Ixxx. p. 180

(1911). g.

Ilyptiogaster avrenicola, sp.

2. Ferruginea; vertice fascia transversa nigra; valvulis terebree

nigris, tertio apicali flavidulis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, stig-

mate ferrugineo.

Long. 14-16 mm.; terebre long. 6 mm.

3. Femine similis, vertice fronteque nigris.

Long. 16-17 mm.

. Head fairly large, broader than the thorax; the poste-

rior margin distinetly raised and broadly emarginale, sepa-

rated from the eyes by a distance equal to about one-third of

their length. Vertex and front coarsely punctured-rugose ;

the face below the antenne less coarsely punctured- -rugose,

punctured in the middle ; a triangular Eubercleibeewacnmnie

antenne. Clypeus somewhat shining, microscopically pune-

tured, with sparse larger punctures intermingled, the apical

margin almost straight. Second joint of the flagellin a

little longer than the third, more than four times as long as

the first: posterior ocelli separated from each other by a

distance equal to two-thirds of the length of the second joint

of the flagellum, a little nearer to the eyes than to each other.

Neck short ; pronotum not produced at the angles ; thorax

coarsely rugose; the mesonotum distinetly margined both

anteriorly and laterally, the anterior margin straight ; pleuree

less coarsely rugose ; median segment rugose- reticulate

Hymenoptera of the Family Evaniidee. 409

without asuleus ; hind coxe indistinctly transversely striated,

with punctures between the striae. Abdomen a little less

than twice as long as the head and thorax combined ; terebra

half as long again as the petiole. Hind metatarsus not

abnormally thickened, equal in length to the four apical

tarsal joints; tarsal yngues normal.

¢ . Second joint of the flagellum five times as long as the

first.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia (Turner), December 1913-

January 1914.

This is very near H. rufa, Westw., but has the terebra

very distinetly shorter, only 6 mm. as compared with 8 mm.

in AL. rufa.

Twelve males and eight females taken flying low over

sand.

[yptiogaster asymmetrica, sp. 0

2. Fusco-ferruginea, plerumque nigro-suffusa; alis saturate hya-

linis; venis fuscis, basi testaceis; terebra recurvata, haud

exserta.

3S. Femine similis.

Long., 2 18, ¢ 20 mm.

?. Head a little broader than the thorax, the posterior

margin raised and widely emarginate ; posterior ocelli as far

from the eyes as from each other, and as far from the eyes

as from the posterior margin of the head. Vertex opaque,

sparsely but rather deeply punctured; front and ocellar

region coarsely pnnetured-rugose, face finely rugulose ;

elypeus minutely and closely punctured ; the mandibles

coarsely punctured at the base, smooth at the apex. Second

joint of the flagellum four times as long as the first, equal to

the combined length of the third and fourth, which are sub-

equal; a strong carina between the antenne not reaching

the anterior ocellus. Neck very short ; pronotum not pro-

duced at the angles ; mesonotum coarsely transversely rugose,

the anterior margin straight ; a narrow, slightly depressed

rea in the middle of the anterior margin not extending as

far as the middle of the middle, lobe, this depression is trans-

versely striated. Scutellum rugose, with one or two trans-

veise stria ; pleuree closely and finely punctured and clothed

with very delicate whitish pubescence; median segment

transversely rugulose, without a suleus; hind coxa ‘finely

transvers ‘ely striated, Hind metatarsus broad, as Jong as the

three following joints, the three basal joints of the hind tarsi

strongly asy mmetrical, the outer lobe of the third joint

410 Mr. R. KE. Turner on new

reaching beyond the apex of the fourth, all the joints much

longer than broad, ungues normal. On the sides of the

abdomen are oblique bands of whitish pubescence. The

terebra is recurved and does not extend beyond the apex of

the abdomen. Base of the petiole very finely transversely

rugulose.

do. Very similar to the female, but the joints of the hind

tarsi are not so strongly asymmetrical, the outer lobe of the

third joint does not extend as far as the apex of the fourth.

‘The abdomen is longer and more slender than in the female.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia (Turner), October 1913;

eight males and fourteen females.

The asymmetrical hind tarsi show an approach to those of

Hemifanus brevithorax, Wiett., but the joints ‘are broader

and less strongly asymmetrical than in that species. I cannot

regard Hemifwnus as a good genus; L/. brevithorax appears

to differ less from the section of Ayptiogaster to which the

present species belongs, which seems to be the typical group,

than that section differs from the section of “Z. rufa, Westw.

Llyptiogaster inequalis, sp. n.

Q. Ferruginea, macula circum ocellos, mesonotoque fascia longi-

tudinali nigris; alis hyalinis, venis ferrugineis; terebra recur-

vata, haud exserta.

Long. 10-11 mm.

9. Head narrowed behind the eyes; the posterior margin

raised and strongly emarginate, separated from the eyes by a

distance equal to nearly half their length. Vertex and face

almost smooth, subopaque ; the front strongly convex in the

middle, with a longitudinal carina from between the antenne

nearly reaching the anterior ocellus; on each side of the

carina the front is very finely rugulose. Posterior ocelli as

far from the eyes as from each other. Second joint of the

flagellum neariy five times as long as the first, very little

shorter than the third and fourth combined. Mesonotum

coarsely rugose, rounded anteriorly, with two short longitu-

dinal carine from near the middle of the anterior margin ;

pronotum not produced at the angles ; scutellum transversely

rugose-striate ; pleuree minutely punctured ; median segment

punctured-rugose ; hind coxe finely and closely punctured,

Petiole as long as the four following segments combined, the

terebra recurved and usually hidden, not reaching beyond

the apex of the abdomen. Hind metatarsus longer than the

three following joints, about twice as long as broad, the three

=] .

intermediate joints as broad as long, not asymmetrical ; the

Hymenoptera of the Family Evantidee. AIL

apical joint slender, longer than the second and third com-

bined, ungues of the hind tarsi almost as long as the apical

joint of the tarsi, the other tarsal ungues small.

Hab, Yallingup, S.W. Australia (Turner): November

and December 1913.

This belongs to the section of the genus in which the

terebra is not exserted and is recurved. In this section the

third and fourth joints of the flagellum are short, their com-

bined length being scarcely if at all greater than that of the

second joint. In the group of rufa and humeralis, in which

the terebra is straight and exserted, the third and fourth

joints of the flagellum are each almost as long as the second,

Kixcept in the presence of two discoidal cells instead of one,

this species and its allies nearly approach typical Pseudo-

fenus trom New Zealand. American and Australian species

with the neuration of Pseudofenus are slender insects much

more nearly allied to Fwnus.

ITyptiogaster darwinti, Westw.

Fenus darwin, Westw. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) vii. p. 537

(1841). ¢.

Pseudofeenus darwinit, Kieff. Das Tierreich, xxx., Evaniide, p. 211

(1912).

This belongs to //yptiogaster, having two discoidal cells

and the cubital vein springing from the basal nervure. A

specimen from Darwin’s collection, almost certainly the type,

is in the British Museum, but the abdomen is lost.

Hyptiogaster nitidiuscula, sp. n.

@. Brunneo-ferruginea ; mesonoto nigro-suffuso, punctato, haud

rugoso; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis; terebra recurvata, haud

exserta,

3. Femine similis.

Long. 8-10 mm.

@. Very similar to LH. cdnequalis, described above, but

differs in the following points :—Less robust ; front much

less convex in the middle, the carina not as strongly raised,

the front sparsely punctured. Second joint of the flagellum

three and a half timesas long as the first, as long as the third

and fourth combined. Mesonotum deeply and strongly

punctured, not rugose, the punctures distinctly separated.

Ungues of the hind tarsi small as in the other tarsi, hind

metatarsus a little longer than the three following joints

combined, all the joints normal, longer than broad, only

slightly asymmetrical.

Hab. Yallingup, S.W. Australia (Turner), December 1913.

412 Mr. R. E. Turner on new

Hyptiogaster minima, sp. 0.

2. Nigra, scutello basi, segmento mediano, propleuris, abdomine-

que subtus fusco-ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, stigmate

ferrugineo; terebra recurvata, haud exserta.

Long. 4 mm.

?. Head broader than the thorax, very finely and closely

punctured, the front not convex, the frontal carina obsolete.

Second joint of flagellum rather slender, two and a half times

as long as the first, distinctly shorter than the third and

fourth combined. Mesonotum short, much broader than

long, finely and closely punctured, longitudinally depressed

in the middle anteriorly, the depressed space finely trans-

versely striated ; pleure and scutellum finely and closely

punctured; median segment very delicately transversely

rugulose ; hind coxe smooth and shining. ‘Tarsal ungues

very small, tarsi slender; hind metatarsus as long as the

four apical joints combined, not broadened, the joints of the

hind tarsi not asymmetrical.

Hab. Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, 2300 ft. (Turner),

January 1913; one female.

The neck is short and the thorax is quite as short as in

Hemifanus brevithoraz, Kieff., but the structure of the hind

tarsi is very different. The species is also much smaller and

less robust. he absence of the frontal carina is also a point

of agreement with H/. brevithorar, and a point of difference

from typical /Typtiogaster. H. brevithorax also occurs on

Mt. Wellington in January.

Hyptiogaster floricola, sp. n.

@. Nigra; coxis anticis subtus, tarsis anticis, mandibulis, pleuris

in medio nigro-fasciatis, segmentoque mediano testaceis ; alis

hyalinis, venis fusco-ferrugineis ; terebra recurvata, haud exserta.

3. Femine similis.

Long., ¢ 2, 5-6 mm.

2. Head much broader than the thorax; vertex smooth

and shining, front closely and finely punctured, without a

carina; front and clypeus subopaque, microscopically pune-

tured. Second joint of the flagellum about three and a half

times as long as the first, distinctly shorter than the third

and fourth combined. Posterior ocelli a little further from

each other than from the eyes, and a little further from the

hind margin of the head than from each other. _Pronotum

not produced at the angles, mesonotum as long as broad,

rounded at the anterior angles, coarsely rugose, transversely

Hymenoptera of the Family Evaniide. 413

rugose-striate anteriorly ; scutellum rugose ; pleuree minutely

punctured ; median segment rugulose; hind cox very

delicately transversely striated. All the tarsal ungues small ;

hind metatarsus longer than the three following joints, but

shorter than the four apical joints combined, the joints slender

and symmetrical.

Hab, Kalamunda, S.W. Australia (Turner), February.

A long series taken on blossom of Hucalyptus calophylla.

Differs from the nearly allied H. minima described above

in the colour of the pleuree and median segment, in the larger

size, the sculpture of the head and thorax, and the longer and

narrower mesonotum, also in the proportion of the joints of

the flagellum and other details.

Pseudofenus crasstpes, Sm.

Fenus crassipes, Sm. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 479 (1876). @.

Aulacofenus crassipes, Kieft. Das Tierreich, xxx., Evaniide, p. 195

(1912).

Smith states that the two oblique sutures on the meso-

notum meet at the scutellum, which is apparently the reason

which led Kieffer to place the species in Aulacofenus. But

Smith’s statement is erroneous; the species is congeneric

with P. pedunculatus, Schlett., the type of Pseudofwenus.

Fenus rugosissimus, sp. 0.

@. Nigra; mandibulis apice excepto, coxis anticis, coxis inter-

mediis supra, trochanteribus femoribusque anticis intermediisque,

femoribus posticis infra, tiblisque anticis intermediisque infra

ferrugineis; tegulis testaceis; valvulis terebre tertio apicali,

tibiis anticis intermediisque supra, tibiis posticis macula magna”

hasali infra tarsisque albo-flavidulis ; metatarso postico dimidio

basali nigro; terebra abdomine paullo breviore; alis hyalinis,

venis nigris.

3. Femine similis; tibiis posticis infra ferrugineo-lineatis, haud

albido-maculatis.

Long., 2, 19 mm., terebree long. 11 mm.; ¢, 17-19 mm.

¢. Vertex and front coarsely rugose; face opaque,

sparsely punctured, clypeus microscopically punctured ; head

behind the eyes broad and slightly swollen ; the hind margin

distinctly raised. Cheeks as long as the first joint of the

flagellum. Second joint of the flagellum fully half as long

again as the first, the third. very distinctly longer than tie

first and second combined. A low longitudinal carina between

the antenne. Neck very short and stout; mesonotum and

Ais Mr. R. E. Turner on new

scutellum coarsely rugose, median segment punctured-

reticulate ; the mesonotum with two short longitudinal caring

from near the middle of the anterior margin. Angles of the

pronotum produced into a minute spine oneach side. Pleuree

finely punctured-rugulose and sparsely clothed with very

delicate white pubescence ; hind coxw shining, indistinctly

transversely striated at the base.

Hab. Yallingup, 8.W. Australia (Turner), November and

December 1913; five males and sixteen females.

Very nearly allied to F’. rogenhoferi, Schlett., which is only

known to me by description, but differs in the much shorter

terebra and in the very small development of the angles of

the pronotum.

Pristaulacus fuscocostalis, sp. 0.

2. Nigra; tarsis anticis brunneis; alis subhyalinis, costa cellula-

que radiali late infuscatis.

Long. 19 mm.; terebre long. 19 mm.

9. Head behind the ocelli subopaque, smooth; front

opaque, coriaceous. Cheeks fully as long as the scape.

Second joint of the flagellum three times as long as the first,

half as long again as the scape, third joint distinctly longer

than the first and second combined. Head not margined

posteriorly ; the posterior ocelli nearer to’ the eyes than

to each other, separated from the eyes by a distance equal to

the length of the first joint of the flagellum. Neck not very

short ; mesonotum coarsely transversely striated, the median

lobe strongly depressed in the middle anteriorly ; scutellum

transversely striated, finely punctured on the sides. Pro-

notum not produced at the angles ; pleura irregularly striated,

finely and closely punctured below the wings. Dorsal surface

of the median segment transversely striated, the surface of

the posterior truncation irregularly reticulate, with an almost

smooth bell-shaped median area bounded laterally by carinee.

Abdomen clavate, a little longer than the head and thorax

combined, smooth and shining. Hind cox transversely

rugose-striate, more coarsely at the apex than at the base ;

hind metatarsus much longer than the four apical joints

combined. First recurrent nervure received by the first

cubital cell, the distance between it and the first transverse

cubital nervure equal to nearly two-fifths of the length of the

recurrent nervure. _

Hab. Cairns, North Queensland (Ff. P. Dodd).

This large species is easily distinguished by the broad

fuscous costal band. The abdomen is more slender and has

a longer petiole than in most Australian species of the genus,

TTymenoptera of the Family Evade. ALS

Pristaulacus fulvus, sp. 0.

magna mediana, mandibulis apice, valvulis terebre, tibiis posticis

dimidio apicali, tarsisque posticis nigris; alis flayo-hyalinis,

venis fuscis.

Long, 10 mm, ; terebre long. 6 mm,

2. Head smooth and shining, the front in the middle

below the anterior oeellus very finely punctured. Cheeks a

little longer than the scape. First joint of the flagellum half

as long as the scape, second three times as long as the first,

third equal to the first and second combined. Posterior

ocelli about half as far again from each other as from the

eyes, separated from the eyes by a distance slightly exceeding

the length of the first joint of the flagellum. Neck very

short; angles of the pronotum not produced; mesonotum

coarsely transversely striated, the median lobe deeply im-

pressed in the middle anteriorly ; scutellum irregularly trans-

versely striated in the middle, longitudinally striated on the

sides. Median segment transversely striated at the base ;

the surface of the posterior truncation with a few longitudinal

earinee; hind coxe smooth and shining. Abdomen short,

fusiform, narrowed at the base, but without a distinct petiole,

smooth and shining. Hind metatarsus longer than the four

apical joints combined, First discoidal cell short, the first

recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell close to

the middle of its cubital margin,

Hab. Kuranda, N. Queensland (Turner), February 1902 ;

one female,

IAD vie ao ~ or = Spe Pe B) if

his is most nearly allied to the group of P. flavoguttatus,

Westw., but differs very much in colour from any described

species.

Pristaulacus flacoguttatus, Westw.

Aulucus flavoguttatus, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, (2) i. p. 223

(1851). 3

Pristaulucus flavoguttatus, Cam. Zeitschr. Hymen. Dipt. iv. p. 19]

(1904).

Pristaulacus flavopictus, Kieff. Das Tierreich, xxx., Evaniidi, p. 406

(1912).

Pristaulacus lateritius, Shuck.

Aulacus lateritius, Shuck, Entomologist, p. 125 (1841).

-lulacus congener, Westw. Trans, Ent, Soc, London, p. 267 (1843). ¢.

A male without data in the British Museum is probably

the type of congener. Shuckard’s description seems to refer

to the female, though he does not mention the terebra,

416 Mr. W. IL. Distant on the

LI.—Contributions to a further Knowledge of the Rhynchotal

Family Lygeide. By W. L. Disranr.

Astacops subochraceus, sp. n.

Head and pronotum testaceous ; the stylated eyes apically

black ; antenne black, base of first joint testaceous ;

scutellum black; corium dull pale purplish, the clavus

darker and more nigrescent ; membrane glossy black, its

apical area pale ochraceous ; head beneath pale sanguineous;

sternum and abdomen beneath ochraceous, disk of abdomen

a little darker and containing a central longitudinal seg-

mental series of mostly transverse black spots ;- legs black,

anterior and intermediate femora—excluding cee san-

euineous; rostrum black ; antenne with the second joint

longest, third slightly longer than fourth, which is greyishly

pubescent; pronotum with the anterior marginal area

transversely broadly carinate, from which a much more

slender, central, longitudinal carination extends about mid-

way across pronotum; scutellum strongly transversely

carinate near base, and from thence centrally longitudinally

carinate to apex ; membrane passing the abdominal apex.

Long. 12 mm,

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

Allied to dA. viridiventris, Stal.

Scopiastes turneri, sp. n.

Head reddish ochraceous, apices of the strongly stylated

eyes and the apex, or apical area, of the central lobe black ;

pronotum, broad lateral areas of sternum, scutellum, corium,

and membrane black; abdomen Beneath pale reddieh

ochraceous with a broad, sublateral, longitudinal fascia on

each side and the apex black ; cox and femora ochraceous,

their apices or apical areas and the tibiz and tarsi black or

blackish ; antennee black or blackish, basal joint—excluding

apex— ochraceous, second and third joints longest and sub-

equal in length; eyes very strongly and robustly stylated

and a little conc avely and upwardly produced ; pronotum

coarsely and rugulosely punctate ; scutellum trausversely

carinate near base, and thence centrally longitudinally

carinate to apex, which is acute; corjum thickly finely

punctate ; membrane about reaching but not passing abdo-

minal apex.

Long. 6-6} mm.

Rhynchotal Family Lygeide. 417

Hab. North Queensland; Kuranda, 1-100 ft. (R. F.

Turner). :

We have also received this species from the same area

collected by Mr. F. P. Dodd.

Allied to S. bicolor, Dist., and S. vitticeps, Horv.

Scopiastes elegans, sp. u.

Head testaceous, apices of the stylated eyes black ; pro-

notum testaceous with a broad, central, transverse black

fascia, the basal area often strongly tinged with ochraceous ;

scutellum shining black; corium purplish red, the clavus

sometimes much darker ; membrane subhyaline, but reflect-

ine“the black abdomen beneath; body beneath ochraceous,

lateral areas of the pro- and metasterna, and nearly the

whole of the mesosternum black ; anterior femora testaceous,

intermediate and posterior femora black, all the femoral

apices ochraceous, fore and intermediate tibize dull ochra-

ceous, tarsi and posterior tibiz black or blackish ; antenne

black, base of first joint ochraceous, second, third, and

fourth joints almost subequal in length; pronotum with

the anterior area transversely, sinuately impressed, the

remaining area more or less strongly punctate ; scutellum

transversely carinate before base, and thence longitudinally.

carinate to apex; corium thickly but very finely punctate ;

membrane slightly, but distinctly, passing the abdominal

apex.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. North Queensland; Kuranda (F. P. Dodd).

Scopiastes linearis, sp. ni.

Body above (excluding membrane) and body and legs

beneath ochraceous; membrane subbyaline and reflecting

the dark ochraceous abdomen beneath ; apices of the strongly

dilated eyes purplish red ; antenne ochraceous, the extreme

apices of the joints black, second joint longest, third slightly

shorter than fourth ; pronotum blackly punctate, a central

longitudinal line and two spots near each posterior lateral

angle black; scutellum finely, sparsely, blackly punctate,

concavely transversely carinate near base, and thence longi-

tudinally carinate to apex ; corium with the longitudinal

yeins more or less black ; membrane distinctly passing

the abdominal apex; femora distinctly, minutely, blackly

punctate.

Long. 4-43 mm,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. 1, 28

418 Mr. W. I. Distant on the

Hab. North Queensland ; Kuranda, 1-100 ft. (R. E.

Turner).

We have also received this species, collected in the same

habitat, by Mr. F. P. Dodd.

Oncopeltus vagus, sp. n.

Ochraceous or testaceous; head, antenne, anterior area

of pronotum sometimes centrally connected with narrow

posterior margin, basal area of scutellum, a somewhat broad

central transverse fascia and apical angle to corium, mem-

brane, sternum—excluding basal lateral angles of prosternum

and basal margin of metasternum,—about posterior half of

abdomen beneath, legs, and rostrum black ; antennz with

the second joint considerably the longest ; pronotum pro-

minently, centrally, longitudinally carinate, the lateral

margins broadly recurved; scutellum centrally longitudi-

nally carinate; membrane with two white spots, one at

basal angle, the other near middle and transverse.

Long. 10-1] mm.

Hab. Aru and Admiralty Islds. (‘ Challenger’ Exped.) ;

Mysol Isld. (Wallace) ; Port Darwin.

‘Allied to O. dispar, Ww alk., from the Moluccas.

Oncopeltus consors, sp. Ni.

Head and pronotum testaceous ; anterior area and

posterior margin of pronotum darker, sometimes black, and

also sometimes narrowly centrally connected ; scutellum

fuscous, the basal urea black ; corium dark ochraceous, with

a somewhat narrow, transverse, central fascia and the extreme

apical angle black ; membrane piceous, the veins black, and

with ksi small white spots, one at basal angle, the other

central; body beneath testaceous ; trochanters s, coxew, and

about apical half of abdomen beneath castaneous, legs black

or blackish ; rostrum black ; antenne black, the second and

fourth joints longest and subequal in length ; pronotum

centrally, longitudinally, prominently carinate, the lateral

margins broadly moderately recurved ; membrane scarcely

passing abdominal apex.

Long. 10-11 mm.

Hab. Queensland (Ff. P. Dodd).

Oncopeltus nigroflavatus, sp. n.

Pale ochraceous ; anteune, pronotum (excluding posterior

Rhynchotal Family Ly geide. 419

lateral areas), scutellum, a somewhat broad central trans-

verse fascia to corium, membrane, legs (including tro-

chanters and cox), rostrum, and apical area of abdomen

beneath black ; membrane with two white spots, one at basal

angle, the other before middle; pronotum broadly con-

tracted at anterior area, centrally longitudinally carinate,

the lateral margins broadly recurved ; antenne mutilated,

but second joint probably longest, remaining joints absent.

Long. 114 mm.

Hab. N. Queensland; Mossman.

Oncopeltus niloticus, sp. un.

Stramineous; head, antenne, about posterior half of pro-

notum, scutellum, central transverse fascia to corium,

membrane, rostruin, legs, lateral margins (more‘or less) of

meso- and metasterna, central and lateral spots to fourth

abdominal segment, and almost the whole of apical segment

black ; a pale greyish spot at base and on disk of membrane ;

antenne finely pilose, the second joint longest, fourth very

slightly longer than third ; head above moderately convex,

smooth, almost impunctate ; pronotum broadly transversely

and longitudinally carinate on anterior half, longitudinally

extending into the upper half of the basal black area, the

basal margin sinuate, the posteriorangles broadly, moderately,

posteriorly produced; scutellum moderately, centrally, longi-

tudinally carinate ; veins to corium prominent.

Long. 75 mm.

Hab. Blue Nile (£. S. Crespin).

Oncopeltus erebus, sp. n.

Head above, pronotum, and scutellum black, the first with

a small testaceous spot at base; corium black, the basal

and apical areas fuscous brown; membrane with a small

spot at basal angle and a transverse spot before middle

greyish white; head beneath testaceous, the lateral and

basal areas fuscous; sternum and abdominal margins be-

neath ochraceous, anterior area of prosternum and basal

area of mesosternum testaceous ; an oblique lateral fascia

on each side of prosternum, anterior area of mesosternum,

nearly the whole of metasternum, abdominal segments

(excluding margins), rostrum, and legs black; antenne

inutilated ; pronotum with a central longitudinal carination

not reaching base and crossed before each extremity with a

short transverse ecarinate line, the basal margin somewhat

2 Ge

420 Mr. W. L. Distant on the

strongly concave, the lateral angles broadly posteriorly pro-

duced ; scutellum moderately convex and centrally carinate ;

lateral margins of head, pronotum and corium, and the legs

distinctly pilose ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.

Length 14 mm.

Hab. Brit. E. Africa ; Ngarenarok, Masai Reserve (Capt.

A, O. Luckman).

Microspilus sternalis, sp. n.

Head and pronotum testaceous, the discal area of the

latter more ochraceous ; scutellum and corium testaceous,

the latter with a transverse black fascia behind middle;

membrane dark indigo-blue with the veins black, a pale

fuscous spot at basal angle and another on basal margin, a

small transverse spot on disk of basal area, and narrow apical

margin greyish white; body beneath testaceous red, the

central areas of the sternal segments dull greyish; apex of

abdomen and the legs black; femora (excluding bases and

apices) testaceous red ; antennze mutilated ; pronotum with

the lateral margins sublaminate, convex, and moderately

upturned ; scutellum broadly, coarsely, transversely carinate

near base and thence centrally much more narrowly Jongi-

tudinally carinate to apex; veins to corium very prominent ;

rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.

Long. 16 mm.

flab. Madagascar.

Lygeus lagosensis, sp. n.

Reddish testaceous ; antennee, extreme apex of head, narrow

anterior margin of pronotum from which emerge two angu-

Jated lines barely extending to middle, and narrow posterior

margin from which emerge two short angular projections,

basal margin of scutellum, membrane, antenne, rostrum,

lees, sternal segmental margins, and apical abdominal seg-

ment black or blackish; antennee somewhat robust, second

joint longest; scutellum robustly, globosely, transversely

carinate at basal margin and then robustly, broadly, longi-

tudinally carimate to apex; veins to corium very robust ;

rostrum about reaching posterior coxe.

Length 13 mm.

aos Lagos (Hinterland) Ge W. Rowland),

Allied to ZL. furcatus, Fabr,

Rhynchotal Family Lygeide. 421

Lyyeus tonkinensis, sp. 0.

‘Head above sanguineous, eyes, a broad basal maculation

gradually attenuated anteriorly and reaching apex, and the

antenne black; pronotum and corium pale testaceous,

inclining to violaceous; two large basal pronotal spots,

almost meeting centrally and scarcely separated from the

lateral margins, seutellum (excluding central carination),

a somewhat oblongly rounded spot just before the apical

incisure of clavus, a much larger spot near middle of corium,

which is rounded inwardly and truncated at lateral margin

of corium, and the membrane black, apical margin of the

latter greyish white ; body beneath dark testaceous; legs,

rostrum, antenne, and apical abdominal segments black ;

basal joint of rostrum testaceous and basal joint of antenne

somewhat of that colour; second joint of antenne much

‘the longest, third a little shorter than fourth ; pronotum

moderately transversely and longitudinally carinate, scutel-

lum longitudinally carinate ; rostrum about reaching the

posterior coxe.

Long 8-9 mm.

Hab. Indo-China; Tonkin, Ban Son Moi (R. Vitalis de

Salvaza). :

Allied to L. melanospiloides, Montand., L. autolycus, Dist.,

and L. fimbriatus, Wall., and belonging to the subgenus

Tropidothoraa, Berg., u.n.= Melanospilus, Stal, nom. przeocce.

Graptostethus inornatus, sp. 0.

Reddish ochraceous or testaceous ; apex of head, a basal

spot contiguous to eyes, a central transverse fascia on

anterior area of pronotum not nearly reaching the lateral

margins shortly posteriorly attached to two discal rotundate

spots, scutellum, membrane, body beneath, legs, rostrum,

and antenne black; posterior margins of corium and

posterior margins of sternal segments ochraceous; ody

beneath and legs finely greyishly pilose, the posterior

abdominal segmental margins narrowly obscurely ochra-

ceous, the lateral sternal areas with prominent dark black

spots, lateral margins of sternum and abdomen beneath

testaceous; second joint of antenne longer than third ;

pronotum centrally, faintly, longitudinally carinate ; scutel-

jum broadly and coarsely basally and centrally carinate ;

membrane slightly passing the abdominal apex and with its

422 Mr. W. L. Distant on the

apical margin greyish white ; rostrum reaching the posterior

COX.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. Ma\ay Archipelago; Andai(W. Doherty). Batchian

(Wallace).

Graptostethus parvinotatus, sp. n.

Testaceous; central longitudinal fascia to head, eyes, two

oblique transverse incisures on anterior area of pronotum

followed by four small discal spots in two transverse series,

corium with the outer claval margin and two elongate discal

spots in oblique series on disk, membrane, promineut lateral

spots on sternal segments, rostrum, and antenne black ; legs

fuscous, thickly pilose; anteune with the second joint

considerably Jongest ; scutellum not rugosely carinate ;

apical margin of corium narrowly faintly ochraceous; rostrum

about reaching or very slightly passing the posterior coxe ;

body beneath distinctly, finely, thickly pilose, the apical

segments more or less suffused with black.

Long 9 mm.

Hab. Siamese Malay States;

Biserat (Annandale and

Robinson).

Graptostethus parvus, sp. 1.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium ochraceous; a

broad central longitudinal fascia to head, two broad discal

longitudinal fascize connected with a similar transverse

anterior fascia to pronotum, two large contiguous basal spots

to scutellum, interior claval margin and a submarginal

elongate spot on posterior half of corium and extreme apical

margin of same, large lateral spots to sternal segments,

antenne, rostrum, and legs black ; abdomen above san-

guineous, its apex black ; antennze with the second joint

distinctly longer than the third, but scarcely longer ‘than

the fourth; pronotum and scutellum distinctly somewhat

coarsely punctate ; scutellum centrally longitudinally cari-

nate ; legs thickly pilose ; abdomen beneath finely, somewhat

obscurely pilose, its apical segments more or less suffused

with black ; rostrum about reaching posterior coxe.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Townsville (F. P. Dodd).

Allied to G. cardinalis, Stal.

lthynchotal Family Ly geide. 423

Graptostethus electus, sp. n.

Sanguineous ; head with apex of central lobe and a basal

spot contiguous to eyes, pronotum with a broad, anterior,

transverse fascia connected with two broad, longitudinal,

sublateral fasciz reaching base, basal margin of scutellum ;

clavus connected with a small outer longitudinal spot ‘at

base and with a transverse fascia at its apex, which is con-

tinued along lateral margin of corium to apex black ;

antenne, rostrum, sternum (excluding lateral margins), legs,

and apex of abdomen beneath black ; anterior and inter-

mediate femora (excluding bases) sanguineous; antennee

with the second, third, and fourth joints almost subequal in

length, second slightly the longest ; pronotum distinctly,

centrally, longitudinally carinate on about posterior two-

thirds; scutellum transversely rugosely carinate at hase,

thence «more finely longitudinally carinate to apex; corium

with the veins moderately prominent; membrane greyish

white, black at base, distinctly passing abdominal apex ;

rostrum reaching posterior coxe.

Long. 9-10 mm.

Had. Brit. East Africa ; Voi, 1800 ft., Simba, 3350 ft.,

West Slopes of Kenya, on Meru Nyeri Rd. (S. A. Neave).

30 miles from Magadi June. (fF. G. Hamilton). Nairobi

(Dr. A. D. Milne).

Graptosiethus grandis.

Graptostethus grandis, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 537

(1901).

This species proves to be of a slightly variable character ;

the scutellum is in some specimens totally black and the

outer margins of clayus also of that colour. The abdomen

beneath in some varieties is almost wholly black.

Hab. Nyasaland, Fort Johnson (P. Rendall) ; Mlanje

(S. A. Neave). Congo Free State, Kambove, Katanga

(S. A. Neave). Uganda, Entebbe, and Buamba Forest,

Semliki Valley (S. A. Neave).

Graptostethus rufus, sp. 0.

Reddish ochraceous ; apex of head, anterior margin and

two small spots on anterior area of pronotum, basal margin

of scutellum, membrane black ; body beneath, legs, rostrum,

and antenne black; lateral margins of head, sternum, and

abdomen reddish ochraceous ; sternal segmental transverse

margins and coxal spots greyish white ; abdomen beneath

424 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

more or less suffused with reddish ochraceous and the

abdominal segmental margins very narrowly of that colour ;

a pale fuscous spot at base of membrane; second and fourth

joints of antennz longest and subequal in length, each

distinetly longer than third; pronotum very indistinctly

longitudinally carinate ; membrane scarcely or very slightly

extending beyond abdominal apex.

Long. 10-12 mm.

Hab. Uganda Prot. (C. C. Gowdey), Buamba Forest,

Semiliki Valley, 2800-2800 ft., Mpanga Forest, Toro,

4800 ft., and Daro or Durro Forest, Toro, 4000 to 4500 ft.

(S. A. Neave).

In some varieties the anterior black margin of the pro-

notum is much enlarged and extends to and absorbs the

two small anterior spots, in other specimens again these

pronotal spots are entirely absent.

* [The types and other specimens described or referred to in

this paper are all contained in the British Museum. |

LIT.—Two new Diptera from Trinidad.

By F. W. Epwarps.

Pur two species diagnosed below were sent me for deter-

mination by Mr. C. B. Williams, who, in company with

Mr. F. W. Urich, collected them at Guacharo cave, Trinidad

—the Trichobius on an undetermined bat, the Tipulid on the

walls of the cave. Co-types of the former and the type of

the latter have been presented by the collectors to the British

Museum ; further reference to them will be made in their

forthcoming paper on the cave fauna.

Trichobius cecus, sp. 0.

Eye-spot unfacetted. Mesonotum uniformly covered with

rather short bristles, those on the front margin not longer

than the rest. Scutellum with four long bristles. Longi-

tudinal suture of the mesonotum short, bifurcated behind,

extending barely one-third of the distance from the front

margin to the transverse suture. Anterior angle of meta-

sternum about 95°.

Length 1°8 mm.

According to specimens in the British Museum from Basin

new Diptera from Trinidad. 425

Well, Dominica (host, Vespertilio nigricans), Trichobius para-

siticus, Gerv., differs as follows from the new species :—

Eye-spot with about eight distinct facets. Mesonotum with

two rows of long bristles in front, remainder with minute

bristles which are less numerous and smaller than those of

T. ceecus; several moderately long ones just before the

scutellum. Longitudinal suture not bifurcated, extending

nearly two-thirds of the distance from the front margin to the

transverse suture. Anterior angle of metasternum more

obtuse. Length 2°2 mm.

I consider it doubtful, however, whether the Dominican

specimens are correctly identified, since both they and the

Trinidad species have the front femora much less swollen

than is indicated by Gervais for J. parasiticus and Kolenati

for Strebla wiedemanni. Neither of these forms shows the

emargination of the wing-tip, given by Speiser as a character

of T. parasiticus.

Erioptera troglodyta, sp. n.

Head dark brown ; antennze and palpi blackish ; a white

spot on the front just above the base of the antenna. Thorax:

mesonotum rather light brownish, somewhat darker towards

the margins, but without distinct stripes. Pleure light

Evioptera troglodyta, 3 genitalia.

yellowish ; one broad dark brown stripe across the middle ;

sternopleura also dark brown. Addomen blackish. Male

genitalia as figured. Legs ochreous brown ; femora with the

tips almost white and with a dark brown subapical ring.

Wings entirely unmarked ; venation as in EF. immaculata,

Alex. ; wing-length 3 mm.

Allied to FE. immaculata, Aiex., but the coloration of the

thorax is quite different. Alexander placed E. immaculata

in the subgenus Alesocyphona, but according to Osten-Sacken’s

definition both it and the new species are typical Lrioptera.

426 Mr. R. I. Pocock on sone

LIIL.—On some External Characters of Ruminant Artio-

dactyla—Part I. The Cephalophine, Neotraginz, Oreo-

tragine, and Madoquine. By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S

In 1910 (Proce. Zool. Soc. pp. 840-986) I described the

specialized cutaneous glands and some other external characters

of Ruminants. The account was based upon the facts re-

corded by previous workers, upon the post mortem examina-

tion of specimens that had died in the Zoological Society’s

Gardens and upon dried skins in the collection of the British

Museum or in the possession of Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.,

and of Mr. E. Gerrard, who kindly helped me with material.

Since that time I have had the opportunity of seeing many

additional specimens, some belonging to species previously

examined, others to species, and” in some cases to genera,

which were not available for inspection in 1910. Most of

the additional specimens were fresh individuals that had been

exhibited in the Zoological Gardens up to the time of their

death, but several of them were brought to me, at my special

request, from British Kast Africa by the late Mr. F. C. Selous

on his return from his last hunting-trip to that country before

the outbreak of war.

All this extra material has enabled me to confirm and

amplify my previous records, and in some cases to correct a

few of the statements with regard to the structure of the

pedal glands, which were based upon what has proved to be

defective material in the form of feet supplied by Messrs.

Rowland Ward and Gerrard.

In a series of short papers to be published in the course of

the current year in the ‘ Annals,’ I propose to embody the

facts noted since 1910 as supplementary to the account

issued in that year; and to facilitate reference I have in-

serted atter each species or genus cited the page of my paper

in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society ’ where the

species may be found,

Subfamily Capuzatopurn®.

Genus GUEVEL, Gray (p. 867).

Guever monticola, Thunb.

I had not seen this species in 1910. It is of special in-

terest, because of Ogilby’s statement that tle pedal glands

External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla, 427

are absent. In 1910 I assumed, from the analogy supplied

by G. maawell’, G. melanorheus, and G. equatorialis, that

Ogilby was wrong in this particular, and a fresh example

from South Africa, received in 1912, completely justified this

assumption. The glandsin question are present on both fore

and hind feet, and resemble tolerably closely in structure

those of G. equatorialis, which I described from dried feet.

It may be recalled that in each of the three species of

Guevei described in 1910 the pedal glands differed to a

certain extent. In G@. maxwelli the inner or proximal end of

the deep sack is dilated between the bones of the digits, so as

to reach almost from the posterior to the anterior integument

of the pastern, the orifice of the narrower tubular portion

being somewhat expanded (fig. 92, p. 869). In G. equatori-

alis and G. melanorheus (fig. 93, p. 871), on the contrary,

there is no inner or proximal dilatation of the sack. In

G. melanorheus, moreover, the lumen of the sack is almost

cylindrical in longitudinal section, the orifice being scarcely

expanded, whereas in G. equatorialis the sack expands

tolerably evenly from its proximal end to its orifice, which is

greatly dilated. he gland is similarly expanded in G. mon-

tico/a, but it is relatively rather shorter than in G. equatori-

al’s and has the walls less hairy.

For the shape of the rhinarium in G. maawelli see fig. C.

Genus CEPHALOPHUS, H. Sm.

Cephalophus dorsalis, Gray (p. 871).

An adult male example from Obuassi in Ashanti agrees

in its characters with the description of the specimen from

Sekondi.

The preorbital gland was of immense size and exuded

from its serially arranged pores a sugary sweet-smelling

secretion.

The inguinal gland was set far out on each side close to

the knee-joint. From its thick-lipped orifice the sack ran

obliquely forwards and inwards for a couple of inches under

the flap of skin that ties the knee to the abdomen. ‘The

secretion was brown and waxy, with a strong unpleasant

smell,

The secretion of the pedal glands was like cream-cheese

in appearance and odour.

The penis terminated in a downwardly bent expansion,

with the orifice of the urethra opening near the middle of its

428 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some

left side, and thus behind the tip of the penis. The point to

notice is that the end of the urethral canal is not prolonged as

a special tubular process beyond the glans, whereas according

to Garrod this canal is produced in Guevei maawelli and

monticola into a long almost filiform termination, recalling

that of the sheep and goats, the shape of the glans otherwise

being as in Cephalophus (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 10,

fig. 20).

Genus SYLVICAPRA, Ogilby.

Sylvicapra coronata, Gray (p. 873).

The description and figure of the inguinal glands of this

species published in 1910 were taken from immature male

specimens from various parts of Nigeria. They were stated

to be wide shallow pits, much shallower than the corresponding

elands of Cephalophus dorsalis.

In an adult female of the same species from Nigeria

(W. A. Clayton) I found the gland to consist not of a definite

and deep pocket, as in Cephalophus, but of a long, oblique,

eutter-like depression of the integument overlapped by a flap

of skin in front.

I find nothing to add to my description of the preorbital

and pedal glands.

Sylvicapra grimmia, Linn.

Of this species I was able to describe only the pedal glands |

in L9LO.

The inguinal glands in three examples subsequently re-

ceived from various parts of South Africa had inguinal

glands like those of S. coronata described above—that is to

say, each gland consisted of a gutter-like groove lying in the

angle formed by the junction of the femur and the abdomen.

in one specimen, a female, the ends of the groove were over-

lapped by a small flap of skin forming a very shallow pocket.

From the material available it appears that the inguinal

glands of Sylvicapra differ very markedly from those of

Cephalophus, where they consist of deep narrow pockets.

A further difference between the genera, apart from that

supplied by the direction of the horns, is to be found in the

penis. Inamale of Sylvicapra grimmia the extremity of the

penis was much less expanded than in the example of Cepha-

(ophus dorsalis described above, and the urethral canal was

prolonged by a slender tubular process beyond the tip of the

glands, recalling the similar process found in many antelopes

and other Bovine Ruminants.

External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 429

In view of the above-recorded facts, the tabulation of the

genera of Cephalophine I published in 1910 (p. 876) may

be amplified as follows :—

&, Inguinal glands absent oc... cen vena oo rs ae Guevet.

a’, Inguinal glands preseut. }

b. Inguinal glands consisting of a deep pocket ; urethral

canal not prolonged as a slender tube beyond the

tip of the glans of the penis; horns backwardly

TACIINGH Nk Hora cceres eee aye alas te rein 8 aa Cephalophus.

b'. Inguinal glands consisting of a very shallow pocket

or cutter-like groove ; urethral canal prolonged as

a slender tube beyond the end of the glans of the

penis ; horns approaching the vertical .......... Sylvicapra.

To the characters of the subfamily Cephalophine must be

added the absence of the gall-bladder in the liver. I have

failed to find a trace of this structure in any one of the many

examples of this group I have examined, thus confirming the

statements of others as to the invariable absence of this

hepatic sack.

Subfamily Nzorraera.

Of this subfantily I had only seen in 1910 representatives

of two genera and species, namely Ourebia nigricaudata and

Raphicerus campestris, my acquaintance with the latter being

limited to two dried and mounted skins. Since then I have

seen fresh examples of two additional species of Ourebia and

of the two genera Nototragus and Neotragus. The two species

of Ourebia agree in all essential points with the one previously

described, and Nototragus similarly resembles Raphicerus,

as might be expected. But Meotragus is in many respects

different from the other genera referred to the Neotragine ;

and if subsequent examination of the species supposed to be

related to Neotragus, but assigned to the genera or subgenera

FAlylarnus and Nesotragus, shows that they are like Neotragus

pygmeus in the pedal glands, it may be desirable to sever

Ourebia, Raphicerus, and Nototragus from the Neotragine as

a separate subfamily, Ourebiine.

Genus OureEBIA, Laurill.

Ourebia nigricaudata, Brooke (p. 882).

A subadult male of this species from Sierra Leone (F. W. F.

Jackson) agreed closely with the specimen described in 1910

in the structure of the pedal and preorbital glands, the secre-

tion from the latter being copious and black. The carpal

430 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some

glands, set more towards the inner side of the leg than in

eazelles, were covered for the most part with white hairs

stained with yellow secretion at the base. The inguinal

glands, however, were not or scarcely invaginated, being

represented by a thick tuft of longish hairs arising from a

thickened area of skin close to the scrotum and covered with

an abundance of yellow powdery secretion. Although there

was no definite pocket, these glandular hairy areas had the

appearance of being capable of invagination, and thus of

reproducing the condition of pockets with protruding hair

described and figured in this species in 1910.

Ourebia montana, Cretzsch.

A female example of this species from the Soudan (G@.

Blaine) agreed with O. nigricaudata in every particular so

far as the cutaneous glands were concerned, the inguinal

glands being definite pouches filled with hair protruding from

tle orifice.

Ourebia ourebi, Zimm.

No example of this South-Africangspecies had been seen

when I wrote my paper in 1910. 7

A young male that died in the Gardens in 1911 agreed in

the structure of its preorbital, carpal, and pedal glands with

O.nigricaudata. Asin O. nigricaudata, the bare patch below

the ear showed no sign of being glandular ; but each inguinal

gland consisted of a very large mat of rather coarse white

hair holding a quantity of powdery secretion smelling like

“cold cream” ointment. ‘The skin beneath the hair was

pale-coloured and not invaginated. The surrounding skin,

as far out as the inner side of the thighs and as far forwards

as the penis, was naked and Jead-coloured.

A remarkable difference between this species and O. nigri-

caudata was the arrangement of the four mamme in a trans-

verse line in front of the scrotum. In O. nigricaudata the

mamme form a quadrate figure wider in front than behind,

The interesting points for future confirmation or refutation

connected with these species of oribi may be tabulated as

follows :—

a. Inguinal glands regresented-by a great tuft

of uninvaginated hair on each side; the

four mammee arranged in a transverse line. ouwred.

a’. Inguinal glands represented by a smaller

tuft of partially invaginated hair on each

side; arrangement of mamme quadri-

lateral’ Vos ta A ae Weve errr rs tenets rae nogricaudata & montana.

Eternal Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla, 431

Genus Nororracus, Thomas & Schwann.

Nototragus melanotis, Thunb. (p. 182).

I had not seen this species in 1910, but since that date two

examples—an immature female and an adult male—have

come into my hands.

The pedal and preorbital glands were like those of

Raphicerus campestris described from dried skins in 1910

(pp. 879-880, fig. 98). According to Owen inguinal glands

are present, but there was no trace of them in either of the

two above-mentioned specimens. As in Ourebia, the whole

of the inguinal area, involving the penis, scrotum, and part

of the thighs, was bare, and the four teats were arranged in a

transverse line, as in Ourebia ourebi, with this cones

that, whereas in the oribi the median, morphologically the

posterior, mammee were much more widely separated from

each other than either was from the adjacent exterior (ante-

rior) mamma, in the grysbok the reverse was the case, the

two medians being closely juxtaposed,

An interesting discovery in the case of the male was tlie

presence of a well-developed preputial gland recalling that of

Moschus (P. Z. 8. 1916, p. 749, tig.6). Whether this gland

is present or not in Raphicerus and Ourebia has yet to be

ascertained.

Genus Neorragus, H. Smith.

Neotragus pygmeus, Linn.

In 1910 I was unable to give any particulars about oe

cutaneous glands of the genus Neotr agus ; nor does it appea

that any previous auithon has described them *. A ee

female specimen from Accra, which died in the Gardens in

1912, was therefore of Considemble interest.

The preorbital gland was a circular area of considerable

size, rising slightly above the general level of the skin of the

face, and covered with very short hair. In the centre

of the glandular area there was a cluster of pores, from which

a gummy secretion without any particular odour could be

pressed. But there was no invagination of the secreting

surface to form a pocket or reservoir for the substance.

The rhinarium was large and moist, extending dorsally

* In 1910 (p. 867) I gave reasons for concluding that the antelopes

cited by Owen and Ogilby under the specitie name pygmeus belonged to

the genus Guevet of the subfamily Cephalophine.

432 Mr. R. I. Pocock on some

far back as a line joining the posterior angle of the nostrils.

There was a tolerably deep infranarial tract on each side, and

the inferior extension of the rhinarium to the edge of the

upper lip in front was wide—a little wider, indeed, than the

space between the nostrils just above it. Jt was marked

below by a short median groove not reaching upwards to the

level of the nostrils (fig. EK).

A. Section of hind foot of Neotragus pygmeus.

B. The same of Oreotragus oreotragus.

C. Rhinarium of Guevet maxwell.

D. 55 Nototragus melanotis.

E . Neotragus pygmaeus.

The false hoofs were absent, but were represented by small

naked protuberances of soft uncornified skin *.

The absence of a pouch connected with the preorbital gland

shows this gland to be of a more primitive type than that of

* It may be interesting to record in connection with this specimen

that there was a minute canine in the upper jaw and a canine-like corni-

fied papilla on the gum of the lower jaw; that the liver was provided

with a small gall-bladder and the psalterium was furnished with only

seven primary laminee—one in the middle and three on each side,—all

depending from the roof to the floor of the cavity, no trace of the ordinary

secondary and tertiary lamin being discernible. This was the simplest *

type of psalterium I have seen in any Ruminant.

External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla. 433

Ourebia, Raphicerus, and other genera referred to the Neo-

traginee, and serves to connect the latter in a measure with

the Cephalophine. In the Cephalophing, however, the row

of secreting pores is arranged in a definite longitudinal

series forming a streak upon the face. Probably in Neo-

tragus the gland represents an earlier stage in the evolution

of the gland both in the Cephalophinee and the other genera

of the Neotragine. The relatively greater size of the

rhinarium also, in my opinion, marks Neotragus as more

primitive than Ourebia or Raphicerus, and brings it into line

with the Cephalophine, -In a measure also the pedal glands

of Neotragus serve to link the Cephalophine with Ourebia

and Raphicerus.

There was no trace of inguinal glands, and there were two

pairs of mamme.

The pedal glands were well and equally developed on both

front and hind feet. Hach gland consisted of a capacious

and deep pouch occupying the greater part of the space

between the phalanges and opening into the hairy inter-

digital space by a small circular orifice, the lower ‘rim

of which was formed by the upturned edge of the fold of

integument tying the heels together, and the upper rim by

the closely folded integument of the front of the pastern.

Thus the orifice was set higher up within the interdigital

space than in the Cephalophines, and in Madogua and

Dorcotragus. The sack of the gland was sparsely hairy ;

the interdigital space was covered with long hairs, but the

inferior apex of the triangular heef-tie was naked as in the

Cephalophines (fig. A).

The genera of this subfamily known to me may be distin-

guished by their cutaneous glands ‘and other external features

as follows :—

a. Pedal glands opening into the interdigital space by a

small circular orifice; no invagination of the surface

onthe preoxbival @lands ...... smauseiiia eee a leat Neotragus.

6. Pedal glands opening into the interdigital space by a

long cleft ; surface of the preorbital gland invaginated.

a', Pedal glands overlapped in front and above by a long

fold of integument; no inguinal glands,

pro Halse Hooigiapsont, ".. sts occ we aed eee ir. RRR Raphicerus,

B2,. Palse, hoois prosont..2.). cove ene. tddna eee ane Atle Nototragus.

b', Pedal glands an open cleft not overlapped in front

above by a fold of integument; inguinal glands

PICHON | a te cnavn Ke ccd ea eU eT NS AA Roay Maks pane Ourebia,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. i. 29

434 External Characters of Ruminant Artiodactyla.

Subfamily Orzorraary2.

Genus OrEoTRAGUS, H. Sm.

Oreotragus oreotragus, Zimm,

In 1910 the only material of this species available for

examination was a single foot with the bones of the pastern

cut away from behind. <A fresh specimen that has since

come into my hands has shown that my description of the

foot was wrong in one important point. I am now able to

correct this, and to add some particulars about other glands.

The preorbital gland was visible externally as a small

shallow pouch with a circular orifice opening in the centre of

a sparsely hairy area of skin a little way in front ‘of the ante-

rior angle of the eye. The gland itself consisted of a thick

solid mass of black tissue, the secretion of which, smelling

like the perfume of Viverra, was discharged through four

large pores opening at the bottom of the shallow pouch.

I'he published evidence as to the existence of inguinal

glands in this antelope is contradictory, Hamilton Smith

affirming, Owen denying, their presence. ‘here was no trace

of them in the specimen I examined. ‘There were two pairs

of mamme.

A peculiarity of the klipspringer is its habit of standing

upon the truncated ends ot the hoofs, and not upon the sole

and heel of the foot like all other Ruminants, whatever the

vature of the ground they inhabit. The interdigital space

above the hoofs is tolerably long and deep and lined with long

hair, but is not apparently glandular. In longitudinal

section it is nearly rectangular im shape, the heel-tie being

short and formed of a close fold of skin which is everywhere

covered with long hair and neither thickened nor upturmed at

its distal or lower extremity. ‘he fore and hind feet are

alike in structure (fig. B).

The rhinarium or muffle is naked above as far back as a

line joining the posterior extremities of the nostrils. On the

sides of the upper lip the hairs extend up to the inferior edge

of the nostrils and forwards towards the middle line, nar-

rowing the lower part of the rhinarium almost as in Ourebia

and Aototragus (fig. D).

The status of the subfamily Oreotraginge is not, in my

opinion, affected by the corrected information we now possess

of the structure of the interdigital spaces.

Geological Society. 435

Subfamily Manogvrva.

Genus Mapoqua, Ogilby.

An example of M. kirki from British Kast Africa (F. C.

Selous) agrees with the specimen of MM. phillipsii described

by me in 1910 in the structure of the pedal glands and the

absence of inguinal glands. There were two pairs of mamme. .-

The Madoquine (Madoqua and Dorcotragus) differ from

the other antelopes considered in this paper by the structure

of the muzzle and rhinarium.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

April 17th, 1918.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘The Evolution of the Liparoceratide.’ By Arthur Elijah

Trueman, M.Sc., F.G.S.

The Ammonites considered include several sub-parallel series, of

which four genera were indicated by Mr. S. 8. Buckman in

‘Yorkshire Type Ammonites.’ The details of ontogeny and the

sutures, which had not hitherto been compared, have been em-

ployed in constructing tables showing both the biological and

the stratigraphical relations of the various species; a revision

of the existing classification is proposed.

The early members of each series are similar ‘capricorn’ forms

with slender whorls and stout ribs (for instance, J. capricornus,

A. latecosta, A. maculatus). In somewhat later examples the

outer whorl is swollen, and has paired tubercles (for instance,

A. heterogenes). From this stage the tendency is to shorten the

period with slender capricorn whorls by accelerating the develop-

ment of bituberculation and prolonging the period of pre-costate

globose whorls; thus the most advanced members of each series

are stout bituberculate forms (for instance, 4. striatus, A. bechez),

which do not pass in development through a capricorn stage.

The following genera may be recognized; each includes am-

monites of the three types mentioned above :—

1. An earlier group, with tubercles paired in the involute

stages; Radstock (Somerset) is the only British locality where

these ammonites have been found.

Parinodiceras, gen. noy. Elevated whorl, paired tubercles, the inner and

outer rows widely separated. Genoholotype, Ammonites striatus

parinodus Quenstedt (1884, pl. xxviii, fig. 6).

Gen. noy. Round whorl, with the rows of tubercles placed close

together. Genoholotype, a specimen to be figured as a new

species.

436 Geological Society.

2. A later group, with unpaired tubercles in the involute stage.

These genera are most readily distinguished by sutural characters,

namely, the relative depths of the external lobe (EL) and the first

lateral lobe (IL), and by the width of the external saddle (ES).

(a) With narrow ES (not reaching to the outer tubercles).

Liparoceras Hyatt. IL and EL about equal in depth. Genolectotype,

Ammonites striatus Bronn.

Becheiceras, gen. nov. IL deeper than EL. Genoholotype, Ammonites

bechei Wright. (‘Lias Ammonites’ pl. xh, fig. 1.)

Anisoloboceras, gen. nov. IL much deeper than EL, the ventral lobules

of IL almost meeting under EL. Genoholotype, Ammonites nautili-

formis J. Buckman.

(b) With wide ES, reaching to the outer tubercles.

Algoceras Waagen. EL and IL about equal in depth, IL symmetrical.

Genolectotype, Ammonites planicosta d’Orbigny. ’

Androgynoceras Hyatt. IL and HL about equal in depth, IL asym-

metrical. Genolectotype, Ammonites hybrida d’Orbigny.

Oistoceras S.S. Buckman. Ribs with sharp peripheral curve.

similar to Androgynoceras.

Simpson.

Amblycoceras Hyatt. Ribs with slight peripheral curve.

than EL. Genoholotype, A. capricornus Hyatt, 1900.

These ammonites generally occur in the upper part of the Lower

Lias, where it has been usual to recognize a capricornus “zone oyer-

lying a stréatus zone. Careful collecting has shown, however, that

there are several horizons with capricorn ammonites of different

series and several with the involute forms evolved from them, as

shown below :—

Suture

Genoholotype, Ammonites figulinus

IL shallower

es. Bituberculate ammonites of the A. nautiliformis series.

margaritatus zone.

Bituberculate as 5, Oistoceras. '

Capricorn op ,, Oistoceras.

Bitubereulate os ;, the A. bechei series.

; Bituberculate a5 », Gigoceras & Androgynoceras.

daveet zone ......... 3

Bituberculate 3 5, Amblycoceras. =

Capricorn a », Amblycoceras.

| Capricorn a », Bgoceras, Androgynoceras.

Capricorn 3 5, Beaniceras.

; Bitubereulate * 5, Liparoceras.

ibee ZONE .....4.. Capri Seed Api

apricorn a4 ,, Liparoceras.

Bituberculate 5 ,, the first group (with paired

tubercles).

In no locality that has been examined is the complete sequence

shown. The absence of some groups is due to the original distri-

bution of the ammonites ; in other cases it is due to non-sequences

(for example, the upper part of the dave? zone is not represented in

Gloucestershire). ;

Two groups of Lias Ammonites are recognized, namely: (i)

those which were evolved directly from a globose ancestor; this

includes the Liparoceratide, Echioceratide, Hildoceratide, Poly- .

morphide, Deroceratide ; and (1) those which passed through an

intermediate broad-ventered (cadicone) stage; these include the

Amaltheide and Dactyloide (with Beaniceras).

437

INDEX to VOL. I.

ACANTHODORYCTES, characters of

the new genus, 55.

AMthechinus, characters of the new

genus, 194, 230.

Aganais, new species of, 816, .

Akodon, new species of, 188,

Alectryon, new species of, 139.

Amatide, new, 325.

Amphithalamus, new species of, 147.

Andrena, new species of, 165,

Anisodes, new species of, 314.

Anomeceoceros, characters of the new

genus, 397,

Antedon, on the anal plate in, 294.

Antitrygodes, new species of, 27.

Aprometopis, new species of, 330,

Asilidee from Australia, notes on,

GY (i

Aspidomorpha, new species of, 322.

Astacops, new species of, 416.

Atelerix, new species of, 231.

Athesis, new species of, 77.

Bagnall, R. 8., on new Thysano-

ptera, 201.

Bather, Dr. F. A., on Protoéchinus,

40; on the homologies of the anal

plate in Antedon, 294.

Batrachians, notes on, 236, 372.

Bibliographical notice, 327,

Birdia, new species of, 229.

Boulenger, G. A., on species of the

genus Rana, 236; on the batra-

chian genera Cornufer, Platy-

mantis, &¢., 372.

Brachydesmus, a peculiar state of

development in, 281.

Braconidze, notes on, 49, 221.

Braunsia, new species of, 224.

Brélemann, H. W., on a peculiar

state of development in Brachy-

desmus, 281.

Bursa, new species of, 138.

Callhistia, new species of, 32,

Callithomia, new species of, 81.

Callomelitta, new species of, 164.

Calman, Dr. W. T., on barnacles of

the genus Scalpellum, 96; on a

new river-crab from the Trans-

vaal, 234; on the type-specimens

of Peecilasma carinatum, 401.

Cardiochiles, new species of, 49.

Carditella, new species of, 157.

Cassidine, new, 322.

Ceratothripoides, characters of the

new genus, 201.

Cerceris, new species of, 91.

Cerdistus, new species of, 62.

Cerdocyon, new species of, 371.

Cestoplectus, characters of the new

genus, 390,

Chalcidoptera, new species of, 127. _

Chalciospherium, new species of,

173.

Champion, G. C., on Coleoptera

from the Falkland Islands, 167.

Chlorion, new species of, 358.

Chloropids, new, 329, 385.

Cingulina, new species of, 146.

Cleora, new species of, 32.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 158.

Coleoptera, new, 1, 167, 245.

Colletes, new species of, 159.

Comibzena, new species of, 19.

Cosymbia, new species of, 25,

Craspedosis, new species of, 316,

Cremnops, new species of, 222,

Crinophora, characters of the new

genus, 325,

Crozier, Miss B. B., on Bermudian

species of Donatia (Tethya), 11.

Cryptochilus, new species of, 351.

Cryptosalius, new species of, 354.

Cryptothrips, new species of, 216.

Ctenomys, new species of, 38.

Curculionid, new species of, 1, 245,

Cylichna, new species of, 154.

Cylindrobaris, characters of the new

genus, 8.

Cylindrobulla, new species of, 155.

Cyphononyx, new species of, 349,

Cypricardia, new species of, 157.

Dactylispa xanthopus, on variation

in the prothoracie spines of, 70.

Deiradognathus, characters of the

new genus, 4,

438 INDEX.

Demodecide, remarks on, 400,

Dentalium, new species of, 155,

Dichocrocis, new species of, 131,

Dichogama, new species of, 127.

Diptera, new, 424.

Disophrys, new species of, 225

Distant, W. L., on arian from

Indo- “China, 196; contributions to

a further knowledge of the rhyn-

chotal family Lygzidie, 416.

Divaricella, new species of, 156.

Donatia, on Bermudian species of,

La:

Edwards, F. W., on two new diptera

from Trinidad, 424.

Hidothrips, characters of the new

genus, 219.

Elachiptera, new species of, 386.

Elis, new species of, 86.

Hpeolus, new species of, 160.

Kpimadiza, new species of, 346.

Epipagis, new species of, 277.

Kpistictia reicheana, note on, 74,

Erioptera, new species of, 4 DD.

Iiterusia, new species of, 312.

Juchelus, new species of, 154.

Eulimella, new species of, 145.

Kurhynchothrips, characters of the

new genus, 213.

Zuryglossa, new species of, 164.

Falklandius, new species of, 184.

Filodes, new species of, 1 27,

Flavinia, new species of, 3].

Foenus, new species of, 413.

Fossarus, new species of, 148.

Fulgora, new species of, 198.

Furcivena, new species of,

Gampsocera, new variety of, 390.

Son eos Society * proceedings of

the, 2 2, 455

Gri aomys, now sp scies of, 187.

Graptostethus, new species of,

49),

Hamalia, new species of, 26.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new Pyra-

lidee of the subfamily Pyraustine,

125, 252, 265.

Haplothrips, new species of, 208.

Haversia, characters of the new

genus, 185.

Hemipep-is, new species of, 285.

Heterocera, new, 312.

Heterorachis, new species of, 514,

Heteroscinis, characters of the new

genus, 359.

Hippelates, new species of, 388.

Hirst, 8., on the origin and affinities

of the Acari of the family Demo-

decide, with brief remarks on the

morphology of the group, 400.

TLomoptera, new, 196,

Ilymenitis, new species of, 85.

Hymenoptera, new, 86, 158, 284,

349, 356, 408.

Hypera, new species of, 176.

Hypoleria, new species of, 85.

Hyposcada, new species of, 82

Hypsimys, characters of the new

genus, 190,

Hyptiogaster, new species of, 408.

Ithomiinee, on new species and races

Obit

Kaye, W. J., on new species and

races of Ithomiine, 77 ; on a new

genus and species of Amatide,

325.

Klinothrips, characters of the new

genus, 217.

Krinothrips, characters of the new

genus, 220.

Laccoptera vigintisex-notata, note

on, 318.

Lamb, C. G., notes on exotic Chloro-

pide, 329, 385.

Lamellaria, new species of, 142.

EASE a new species of, 133,

252.

Lasiopleura, new species of, 388.

Lathridius, new species of, 174.

Lepidoptera, new, 18.

Leptogale, characters of the new

genus, 306.

Leptothyra, new species of, 151.

Liodoryetes, new species of, 53.

Listroderes, new species of, 177,179.

Lonchonotus, characters of the new

genus, 357.

Lygeeus, new species of, 420.

lygropia, new species of, 271.

Mammals, new, 33, 38, 186, 193,

230, 242, 302, 307, 564, 370, 375,

426.

Margaronia, new species of, 272.

Marshall, Dr. G. A. K., on new

African Curculionide, 1; on a

new genus of Asiatic Curculionidee,

245.

Maulik, S., on variation in the pro-

thoracic spines of Dactylispa xan-

thopus, 70; note on Kpistictia

reicheana, 74; on Laccoptera vi-

cintisex-notata, 318; on two new

Indian Cassidine beetles, 322.

Mecistocerus, new species of, 7.

INDEX.

Megachile, new species of, 159.

Melanella, new species of, 142.

Melipona, new species of, 162.

Melvill, Dr. J. C.,on marine mollusca

from the Persian Gulf, &c.,

137.

Mennis, new species of, 31.

Meroscinis, new species of, 333.

Metasiopsis, new species of, 29,

Microgale, new species of, 805.

Microspilus, new species of, 420,

Mimaletis, new species of, 315.

Minolia, new species of, 153.

Mitra, new species of, 141.

Mollusca, new, 96, 137, 234, 401.

Motes, new species of, 362.

Mucronalia, new species of, 143.

Napeogenes, new species of, 78.

Neodioctria, characters of the new

genus, 58.

Neoitamius, new species of, 64.

Neosaropogon, new species of, 60.

Nesogale, characters of the new

genus, 303,

Nesoryctes, characters of the new

genus, 307.

Nomia, new species of, 160, 161.

Nusa, new species of, 61,

Nyctemera, new species of, 317.

Odontothrips, new species of, 203,

Ommiatius, new species of, 66.

Oncopeltus, new species of, 418,

Oscininee, notes on the subfamily,

329, 385.

Oscinis, new species of, 395.

Otroeda, new species of, 318,

Oxynoe, new species of, 155.

Paraechinus, new species of, 232,

Petrodromus, new species of, 364.

Petronievics, Dr. B., on the lower

jaw of Stereognathus ooliticus

Phacoides, new species of, 156.

lhilanthus, new species of, 361.

Phostria, new species of, 128.

Physothrips, new species of, 206,

Pigia, new species of, 27,

Piletocera, new species of, 126,

Pilocrocis, new species of, 125.

Pisania, new species of, 140.

Pisoraca, new species of, 25.

Platymycterus, characters of

new genus, 245,

Pocock, R. I., on the baculum of

some genera of Mustelide, 307 ;

further notes on some external

characters of the bears, 375; on

the

439

some external characters of rumi-

nant Artiodactyla, 426.

Podothrips, new species of, 211.

Peecilasma carinatum, remarks on,

401.

Potamonide, new, 234.

Pristaulacus, new species of, 414.

Prosopis, new species of, 163.

Protoechinus, remarks on, 40,

Protostigmus, characters of the new

genus, 356,

Prout, L. B., on new Lepidoptera,

18; on new Heterocera, 312.

Pseudagenia, new species of, 352.

Pteronymia, new species of, 84.

Ptochophyle, new species of, 22.

Ptychopoda, new species of, 29.

Pulastya, new species of, 200.

Purusha, new species of, 200.

Pyralidze, new, 125, 252, 265.

Pyraustinie, notes on the subfamily,

125.

Rhopalum, new species of, 92.

Rhynehocyon, notes on, 370.

Rhynchota, new, 416.

Ricardo, Miss G., notes on Asilide

from Australia, 57.

Rissoina, new species of, 147.

Sabalia, new species of, 18,

Salvazana, new species of, 196.

Sameodesma, characters of the new

genus, 278.

Seada, new species of, 83.

Scalpellum, on barnacles of, 96.

Scohophthalmus, ew species of,

weal,

Scopiastes, new species of, 416.

Semeopus, new species of, 20.

Siphonella, new species of, 343.

Siphunculina, new species of, 345.

Spbex, new species of, 88.

Sphrigodes, new species of, 2.

Spilomena, new species of, 358.

Stereognathus ooliticus, on the lower

jaw of, 67.

Stizus, new species of, 91.

Styloptygma, new species of, 146.

Sylepta, new species of, 260, 265.

Sylvilagus, new species of, 192,

Sympiezomias, new species of, 1.

Synclysmus, new species of, 313.

Tachysphex, new species of, 363.

Tachytes, new species of, 94.

Tamiscus, characters of the new

genus, 33.

Thliptoceras, new species of, 279,

Thomas, O., on the squirrels hitherto

440 INDEX.

referred to Paraxerus, 33; on two ‘Trichobius, new species of, 424,

new tuco-tucos from Argentina, Tricimba, new species of, 393.

and Jujuy, 186; on the generic Triphora, new species of, 149.

division of the hedgehogs, 193; Trypoxylon, new species of, 368.

on four new species of hedgehog, Turbonilla, new species of, 143.

230; notes on the small sand- Turner, R. E., notes on Braconidae,

foxes of North Afriea, 242; on 49, 221; notes on fossorial hy-

the arrangement of the small menoptera, 86, 284, 849, 356,

Tenrecide, 302; notes on Petro- 408.

dromus and Rhynchocyon, 364; Ulopeza, new species of, 126.

on a new wild dog from the Vagitanus, characters of the new

Bogoté Cordillera, 370. genus, 196,

Thysanoptera, new, 201. Vulpes, new species of, 244.

Tithorea, new species of, 78.

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