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THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

INCLUDING

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(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND

CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ )

CONDUCTED BY

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SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Se.D., F.R.S.,

AND

RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S.

fi | ey)

(Cog een )

Vo} NN.

~ nal Byseut>-3-

VOL. VL—NINTH SERIES.

eee

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“Omnes res creat sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapéentia Domini ;

ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper sestimata ;

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ininica fwit.”—Linn aus.

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voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

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1767.

o + «64 sss ee . Chesyiyanmpomers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

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CONTENTS OF VOL. VI.

[NINTH SERIES. ]

NUMBER 31.

: Page

I. Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collection

of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide, Diptera —

Part I. Subfamily ZLimnobiine. By Cuariers P. ALEXANDER,

yyy Orb alse liliniois. Ui S cls, 6 v.25 scitsets, den joc a arcisle oe bavaisteyacarts 1

II. Some new Species of Cyprinoid Fish from Mysore. By C. R.

Narayan Rao, M.A., University of Mysore, Bangalore. (Plates

ES Ce WUE) eral rarer ciate aioxe! act at) Pe ahs als a Me atbalde sonsie Ue A ote 45

III, Fossil Arthropods in the Buitish Museum.—III. By

T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ........-.ee.0eeee 65

IV. New Species of African Simuliide. By A. W. J. Pomeroy,

IME Tosa CE latecm elie Gar ur ie ceca ia Meraiatots rd whet sic eiqeeeg oe de 5 72

V. British Oligocene Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K. Donts-

PEON Acre Babee « (EIAtG Vs) Gsivscetae cles ov ira tea Meer os 81

VI. On a Collection of Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-

el-Djebel. By Martin A. C, Hinron and P. 8. Kersuaw ...... o4

VII. The Species of Pedetes inhabiting Angola. By Martin

fo Oe LEWISTON I ei Cen oro e Mngt On CODENGU eo amr TOA COGnTE anna. 102

VIII. Three new Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory, By

104

CAR MIME RRGAN HE EO osidieiee's vies e 60s cea ceee ees Serustelsse nate

IX. Descriptions of Three new Frogs in the Collection of the

British Museum. By G. A. BouULENGER, F.RB.S.........00000008 106

IV CONTENTS.

Page

X. Descriptions of Four new Snakes in the Collection of the

British Museum. By G. A. BouLenGcER, F.R.S. ........¢ tis iOS

XI. Notoryctes in North-west Australia. By OLpFirLp Toomas. 111

XII. A new Genus of Echimyine. By OLpDFIELD THomas .... 113

XIII. On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarca, collected by

sr. Budin. By OtpFieLp THOMAS...........«.. eat p ers 116

XIV. Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds, with Descriptions of Two

new Species. By SranLteEy HIRsP....,. 600 lees 0s. Gc Scckewtonetehert 121

XV. Oxyuris paronat, v. Linst., and its Association with another

Oxyurid in the same Host. By H. A. Bayiis, M.A. .........-.. 123

XVI. On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon, Meigen

(Diptera, Chironomide). By F. W. EDWARDS ......--.-....085. 127

XVII. Some new or little-known Gomphine Diagonflies from

South America. By HERBERT Campion. (Plates VI. & VII.) .. 180

XVIII. An interesting new Genus of Avicularnde. By MELLo-

Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of Sciences ........ 141

e AIX. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. By W. L. Distant.... 143

XX. A Whale-barnacle of the Genus Xenodalanus from Ant-

arctic Seas. By W. T. Carman, D.Sc. ........ steepest te hn 165

XXI. Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan in the Channel

Islands, 4By C: W._AnpREWs, DSc.,-HURS.4 sass aes anes GG

XXII. On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. By

E1nak LONNBERG and HIALMAR RENDAHL ..........0eeeceeee 167

NUMBER 82.

XXIII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of LHapalo-

chrus, Ky., with an Account of their accessory ¢ -characters [Coleo-

piera|. By G.'C. Coampion, F.Z.5. (Plate VII.) <,.. 222; 005 Wi

XXIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees. —LXXXIX. By

T. D.A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ............00- -. 201

XXYV. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—IV. By

T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado ..........004. PA ieee!

CONTENTS. Vv

XXVI. The British Species of the Copepod Genus Nitocra, Boeck.

By Ropepr Gurney, M.A. .......... sho Me 4 ade cael weedeat. « 214

XXVII. The ‘Challenger’ Eryonidea (Crustacea). By Oscar

Sunp, Cand. Real., Scientific Adviser to the Norwegian Bureau of

RBH EMSS PESTS ON Gy sia «5-14 stays onda SM ETae cit 8 8 sus) sysiecnstee aero 65,4 220

XXVIII. On the Genus Trichodrilus, and on a British Species of

the Genus. By Franx E. Bepparp, D.Sc., F.R.S.......--... cha aad

XXIX. Three new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. By

DFAT RETHENG Ate, Cree EUTNTON( 5,5) 5 « ¥sicrs 0, ele) sje nef eropeienaseyt inisis)3 ters yareere 259

XXX. A new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman. By OLDFIELD THomas, 2438

XXXI. On a Collection of Pycnogonida from the South Orkney

tslends,) By -W. T. Cauman, D.S¢i5 2 jadee shade ihc eane eon ee's 244

iProcsedings of the Geological Society... «63.050 sueWeoe neces os 247

NUMBER 33.

XXXII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapalo-

chrus, Ey., with an Account of their accessory ¢-characters [Coleo-

ptera]. By G. C. Cuampton, F.Z.S. (Plate VIII.) .......... .. 249

XXXIII. On Mammals from the Lower Amazons in the Goeldi

Museum, Para. By OLDFIELD THOMAS .........6..000- ewan 266

XXXIV. Notes on some Parasitic Worms from East Africa. By

EP Aap rem ACW Tale Vic tarti rapey Heater ces) sverciee&. sig, vie oe, he wvera cans a 8 ceive, 2Oe

XXXV. Note on Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. By G. A.

SMR seid fia, o16 aver bond ae ai ant eeatenslel steve ofelpiatess Mereerrsta sels va hates 295

XXXVI. A new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. By W. T.

WAU MAING IDSC iterate ecto ae sitls cre aisle olor AGRO SDE COROT Doe 299

NUMBER 34.

XXXVI. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of

Hapalochrus, Ey., with an Account of their accessory ¢-characters

[Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S: (Plate VIII)........ 305

XXXVIII. New Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. By

Ratpa V. CHAMBERLIN, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. (Plates

DUE terete tte eaie te) tovi einienatee Osi e se tiws whe Violen tierce e sb 328

XXXIX. Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the

Collection of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide,

Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Zimnobiine. By Cuarizs P. ALEX-

ANDER, on, DS Wrbane,cuinois, USA. stave serie risers beac etene 386

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XL. Notes on Myriapoda.—XXIV. Preliminary Note on a Milli-

pede new to Science. By the Rey. 8. Granam Brapxr-Birks,

M.Sc. (Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, S.E. Agri-

cultural College, Wiye,,Kent...... ....- ee eee eae eee 364

XLI. Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges of the Palpomyia Group.

By Wn W. nD WARDS 1) oi 65. ps sic dw GAs BERR s Eee 365

XLII. On new Species of Curculionide from Africa. By Guy

A; K. MarsHant,o).Se¢,, C.M:G.. (Plate aie yee. ye. eee 369

XLUI. New Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. By Grorcr

PatHor, FH:S: +: Plates: Xl Vi— KEXP ate gaecoe le sincin es Oe 398

XLIV. A new Siamese Nematode of the Genus Falcaustra. By

HA; VDA VETS) NGA. 2 se ciey. <)> 6 eis ee ee Re ne ie ee 408

XLV. Preliminary Description of a new Warthog. By Lord

ROTHSCHILD, Ris Hea Dias gene tua ecm aie bi ees ean eee 416

XLVI. On small Mammals from the Famatina Chain, North-

western Rioja. By OLDFIELD THOMAS..........200eceeseceee: 417

XLVII. On Mammals from Ceram, By OLpFIELD THoMas ., 422

XLVI. A remarkable new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. By

GinnERnT J. ARROW, ELZ.9:71 sa, sn ecsicnstets alee eis ene eee 431

XLIX. A peculiar new Genus of Australian Beetles, By

GILBERT )> ARROW, l):ZaS: kt bicer sual et ea es eke me ree 434

L. A new Genus of Clavicorn Beetles. By Ginpert J. ARRow,

BZ. Oya ch BS eia clogs sects kes ca aieicae Wersene cree stews oie tatne cee 437

New Book :—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phaleenz. Supplement,

Vol. II. By Sir Grorez Hampson, Bart. ............0005 440

NUMBER 35.

LI. On the Oriental Members of the Coleopterous Group Macro-

dactylides (Melolonthide). By Gitpert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., FES. 441

LI. Description of a new Genus and Species of Cicadide from

Cuba. By W.. a, Disrann 22698. (abe eens: ee ee ane 455

LUI. Rhynchota from New Caledonia. By W.L. Distanr .. 456

LIV. Notes on Myriapoda.—XXV. Preliminary Lists for Lincoln-

shire and Norfolk. By Hitpa K. Brape-Brrxs, M.Se., M.B.,

Ch.B., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., D.P.H., and the Rev. S. Grauam

BRADE-BiRRSUMSE. oes cass thie es See ak et te 470

CONTENTS. vii

Page

LV. A new Termite from Mesopotamia. By Prof. F. Smtvesrrt.

(LE) ites ON Fn nah Bee ails 5 oe 6 oi OR ae G's oie sinless) ee bho erarete ATT

LVI. A new Termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa. By

Janes MurkLe Brown, B.Sc., F.LS., BES. ....... 20sec eee 480

LVII. On some new Forms of Lichens. By Prof. Dr. C.

EWES CEIKOW SCY <<, syhalelncos beste 'o.e erate meie ime t'y sels, se s)sis eee ect eless 482

New Books:—A Handbook of British Mosquitoes. By WuiLLiaM

SONG CAIN ec ole) # aye ss) «ct lier aneuetee Sel et et sper ofa dacl'nl ins sundisholelsie 490

Barbados—Antigua Expedition.—Narrative and Preliminary Report

of a Zoological Expedition from the University of Iowa to the

Lesser Antilles under the auspices of the Graduate College. By

Prof. C. C. Nurtina. University of Iowa Studies in Natural

Elites Oye me VO Le WW olin INOW Giclee ater quate ol peiecctaj oir eletel ete sehenes «tf 318 wb.

Furniture-beetles, their Life-history, and how to check or prevent

the damage caused by the Worm. By Cuaries J. GAHAn,

ES Coes ener ouet oe ear) orm anche ute AT ARTE ieuats i cerateta ch cle ws as tats ab.

Proceedings of the Geological Society. ..........eeseeeeeeeeeeee 491

NUMBER 36.

LVIIT. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—V. By H. E. ANpREwEs, 495

=— / LIX. On the Cynodontia. By D. M.S. Warson ............ 506

LX. Observations on the Succession of the Gastropods Paludestrina

ulveé and ventrosa in Brackish Water. By G. C, Rosson, B.A. 525

LXI. Note on the Duikers hitherto referred to Cephalophus max-

Wee Eye NEAR TEN is Cy EVENTONG ae 56 68 ox: cie,s o's, 04 6 oi cloreler oils ais 529

LXIL New small Mammals from New Guinea. By OLDFIELD

ABELODNIIA Stee ser GAN echt el sci et No arate Stein AILS 4.00) el «Ge siehe sumreteydia. «ase eo auays 533

LXIII. Supplementary Note on the Genus Hapalochrus, Ey.

(Coleopteral, By G.C. CHAMPION, F’Z.5. 2.0.0. .vcsvescceeade 537

New Book :—Monograph of the Lacertide. By G. A. BouLENGER.

Wo lea lepers etevec ira ccate) ve a Se worden’ wcities o Nlcloa seid owe 66 o'x's 539

Proceedings of the Geological Society..........0s.ecccseessenes 540

Index: Tineeate ee wate Pola’. sees miayalej cit oeetyie oleate SOO nodW ODOC 541

PLATES IN VOL. VI.

Piatr I,

tt:

Iv. |

V. British Oligocene ants,

VI.

VII.

VIL. African and Asiatic Hapalochrus.

Cyprinoid fishes.

Pup and genitalia of Simulium.

South American dragonflies.

XI.

XII.

XIII. New Curculionids from Airica.

XIV. Troides procus, Roths., ¢.

IX. |]

as Chilopods of the genus Mecistocephalus.

o.QE ” 3 is tee

XVI. Central Ceram butterflies.

XVII

aT Delias joiceyi, Talb.

XIX. Delias manuselensis, Talb.

XX. Microcerotermes diversus, sp. n.

“ Vol.o. = = WINTH SERIES. No. ol

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NV. Parthenii Giannethesi, Wols 1,

No. 81. JULY 1920. \Secionay yoa®

I.—Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collec-

tion of the British Museum (Natural History) : Tipulide,

Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Limnobiine. By Cuaries

P. Atexanper, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

For several years past the writer has been engaged in the

preparation of a monographic revision of the Tipuloidean

flies of the Ethiopian Region. During the progress of this

study the collections of many of the Museums in America,

South Africa, and Europe were kindly sent me for study by

the authorities in charge. The largest and most important

collections of tropical African crane-flies are those contained

in the British Museum of Natural History, and it is with

the deepest appreciation and thanks that the writer acknow-

ledges the kind assistance of Mr. F. W. Edwards in securing

the loan of these unrivalled collections. The species herein

diagnosed as new will be keyed, and many of them figured,

in the forthcoming revision mentioned above.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 1

2 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Family Tipulide.

Subfamily Lruwozrrz.

Tribe LiMNOBIINI.

Genus Dicranomyia, Stephens.

Dicranomyia scutellum-nigrum, sp. 0.

Head dark ; mesonotal preescutum and postnotum yellow-

ish, the scutal lobes and scutellum black; pleura yellow with

a transverse dark brown stripe on the mesepisternum ; wings

long and narrow, yellow, with about four dark brown cross-

bands, the second at the level of the sector, the third at the

cord, the last at the wing-tip ; Sc long, cell ls¢ M; closed.

Female.—Length about 85 mm.; wing about 9 mm.;

middle leg, femur, 8°5 mm. ; tibia, 8°9 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish yellow, the latter a little the

darker, short. Antennze with the scapal segments obscure

yellowish, the second segment dark brown at the tip;

flagellum rather elongate, dark brown, each segment with a

very long, secund verticil. Head dark brown.

Mesonotal preescutum shiny yellowish red without darker

markings ; scutal lobes brownish black, the median area and

base of the scutellum obscure yellow; remainder of the

scutellum blackish; postnotum yellowish. Pleura shiny

yellowish with a single, rather narrow, transverse, dark

brown stripe on the mesepisternum, continued ventrad on to

the dorsal margin of the mesosternum, this line extending

from the concolorous scutal lobes, passing immediately before

the wing-root. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown.

Legs with the cox and trochanters yellow ; femora brown,

pale at the base, passing into dark brown at the apex; tibiz

brown, the tips dark brown ; tarsi dark brown; legs rela-

tively long and slender; claws broken. Wings long and

relatively narrow, light yellowish, with about four brown

cross-bands ; these markings are dark brown in the costal

region but fade into grey in the anal cells; these bands are

distributed as follows: the first band lies just beyond the

yellowish wing-base and completely traverses the wing,

occupying the middle third of cell 2nd A; the second band

occupies the level of the origin of fs, appearing as a large,

dark brown area at this origin, continued caudad across the

wing as a much paler, grey cloud; the third band occupies

the cord and completely traverses the wing, paler in the

caudal cells; a large rounded brown spot at the tip of R, ;

an the British Museum. 3

wing-tip extensively darkened, this including the outer halves

of cells 2nd R,, R3, Rs, all of 2nd M, and M3, and the apices

of Cu, and Cu; the outer end of cell Ist M, is seamed with

brown, confluent with the dark wing-apex. Venation: Sc

long, Se, ending opposite the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of

Sc,; Rs long, strongly arcuated at origin; 7 at the tip

of FR, ; basal deflection of A,,; less than twice the length of

r; cell lst M, closed, large, longer than the veins beyond it;

the remainder of the wing-tip is injured and cannot be

described.

Abdominal tergites reddish yellow, the bases of the seg-

ments more or less blackish, this most distinct on tergites

six and seven where it occupies about the basal half of the

segment; on the basal and intermediate segments these

marks are much paler ; sternites similar, the black markings

on segments six and seven distinct. Ovipositor with the

valves chitinized, but relatively short and stout; sternal

valves black at the base on either side of the median line,

the tips acute ; the weak and rather slender tergal valves

are bent upward at about mid-length.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2 , Ilesha, September 18, 1910, caught in house,

lem. (Capt. L. E. H. Humfrey).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911-422.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Dicranomyia woosnami, sp. 0.

General coloration light yellow ; antennz yellow; tips of

the femora and tibiz wuarrowly darkened, claws simple ;

wings hyaline, with sparse, small, brown spots ; abdominal

tergites marked with brown triangular cross-bands; ovi-

positor with the tergal valves very sinall, strougly curved.

Female.—Length about 6 mm. ; wing 6°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first

scapal segment dark brown, remainder of the antenne light

yellow, the terminal three segments very slightly darkened ;

flagellar segments long-oval with rather long, black verticils.

Head dark brown, the vertex narrow.

Mesothorax clear shiny yellow without dark markings ;

metanotum dark brown. MHalteres pale, the knobs a little

darker than the stem. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

pale yellow ; femora yellow, the tips narrowly dark brownish

black ; tibiz brownish yellow. the tips very narrowly dark

4 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

brown; tarsi brown; claws slender, untoothed. Wings

hyaline, iridescent, with small brown spots arranged as

follows: at the origin of Rs; fork of Sc; tip of R, and on

r 3; very narrow and indistinct seams along the cord and

outer end of cell lst M, and a conspicuous spot at the end

of vein 2nd A; veins slender, dark brown. Venation: Sc

rather short, Sc, ending a short distance beyond the origin

of Rs; Sco at the tip of Sc,; Rs strongly angulated and

spurred at origin ; 7 at the tip of A,; basal deflection of

R,,, about equal to the basal deflection of M,,,.; cell lst My,

large, rectangular, about as long as vein M,,, beyond it;

m a little shorter than the outer deflection of M3; basal

deflection of Cu, at or just beyond the fork of MM.

Abdomen pale brownish yellow, the tergites with a broad-

triangular brown band at the caudal margin of segments

one to six, smallest on the sixth segment. Ovipositor with

the tergal valves very tiny, slender, strongly upcurved, the

tips acute ; sternal valves brown, the bases blackened, very

long and powerful, gently upceurved, the tips broad, obliquely

truncated, and minutely angulated.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 2, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1,

1912 (R. B. Woosnam). B.M. No. 1914. 2.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The species is dedicated to the collector, Mr. R. B.

Woosnam.

Genus Limnosia, Meigen.

Limnobia trichoptera, sp. n.

Head black ; antennz black, the verticils unusually long;

pronotum and mesonotum with a broad, median, black

stripe ; preescutum with brown lateral stripes ; femora with

one or two yellow rings before the tip; wings pale brown

with darker costal markings and numerous small, pale

yellowish, subhyaline areas in all the cells; distal cells of the

wings with numerous macrotrichia; 7 at the tip of Ry, basal

deflection of Cu, before the fork of ©.

Male.—Length 7°5 mm.; wing 9°5 mm.

Female.—Length about 7°5 mm. ; wing 9°8-10 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne black,

the flagellar segments elongate, attenuate, with very long

delicate verticils. Head deep velvety black.

Pronotum velvety black. Mesonotal preescutum light

in the British Museum. 5

yellow with a broad, black, median stripe which splits

behind into two divergent arms enclosing a yellowish tri-

angular area between them, this lying immediately before

_the suture ; lateral stripes broad, dark brown; scutum with

the lobes brown: scutellum obscure yellowish ; postnotum

pale yellowish brown, the sides darker. Pleura pale brownish

yellow with indications of darker brown clouds on the

mesepisterna. Halteres moderately long and slender, dark

brown, the extreme base paler. Legs with the cox pale

brownish yellow; trochanters dull yellow; in the male

allotype the femora are brown with a single yellow ring

before the broad brown apex, a narrow yellow median area

being barely indicated ; in the females, however, the femora

are pale brown, more yellow on the outer half, with a narrow

blackish postmedial ring and a slightly narrower and paler

subapical ring, the tip broadly yellow; tibize black, the

extreme bases a little paler; tarsi black. Wings pale

brown with darker brown marks along the costal region, the

first at the arculus, the third at the origin of Rs, the fourth

at the tip of Sc,; stigma rectangular, dark brown; cord

and outer end of cell lst M, narrowly seamed with brown ;

remainder of the wing-surface variegated with yellowish

spots and blotches, these occurring in all the cells, the more

conspicuous being as follows: before and beyond the stigma ;

before the wing-tip in cells 2nd RK, and R; before the cord,

in cell lst M., in the bases and before the tips of cells

2nd M, and M3, in cell Cu before the basal deflection of Cu,,

near the end of Cu, lst A, and 2nd A; veins dark brown ;

apical cells of the wing with macrotrichia, these including

the stigma, cell 2nd R,, the outer half of R, and R;,, all

but the base of 2nd M,., M3, and the extreme tip of Cv.

-Venation : Sc long, ending about opposite mid-length of Rs,

Sc. at the extreme tip of Sc, and more than twice its length;

Rs strongly angulated at origin; r at the tip of A,; veins

R,,3 and R,,; running parallel to one another, so cell 2nd R,

is very wide at the wing-margin ; cell 1st M/, closed, about

as long as vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, before

the fork of 1, this distance longer than r—m.

Abdomen short in both sexes ; tergites pale brown, the

sternites yellowish ; a blackish spot at the posterior lateral

angles of the sternites. Male hypopygium with the pleurites

rather small, on the proximal face with a large fleshy

appendage, which is provided with long coarse hairs ; pleural

appendages small. Gonapophyses appearing as flattened

plates, each terminating in an acute blackened point that is

directed caudad and slightly laterad. Ovipositor with the

6 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

valves slender but weak, the tergal valves gently upcurved,

the sternal valves blackened beneath at the base.

Hab. Rhodesia, Uganda.

Holotype, 2, Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter District, Southern

Rhodesia, altitude 3500 feet, June 11, 1911 (C. FL A.

Swynnerton), collector’s no. 3625.

Allotype, 3, Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon, Uganda,

altitude 6400 feet, August 2, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M.

no. 1913. 140.

Paratopotype, ° .

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1912. 145.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia rhanteria, sp. n.

Head dark grey with a median brown line ; antennze dark

brownish black, the tips of the individual segments paler ;

mesonotal preescutum pale brown with four indistinct, darker

brown stripes ; thoracic pleura with a broad dark stripe, with

a silvery stripe ventrad of it; femora with the tips yellow,

with a subapical brown ring in this yellow portion ; wings

pale yellow, dotted and sprinkled witb pale brown in all the

cells; stigma with yellow centre; abdominal tergites brown,

the sternites brownish yellow.

Male.—Length about 5°5-6 mm.; wing 9°5-10°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz dark brownish

black, the flagellar segments indistinctly tipped with paler ;

the elongate first scapal segment is dusted with grey ;

flagellar segments oval, narrowed at the ends. Head dark

grey with a median black stripe.

Pronotum pale brown, rather prominent. Mesonotal

prescutum pale brown with four indistinct darker brown

stripes, the median pair divided by a very indistinct, capillary

median line ; scutal lobes dark brown, the remainder of the

scutum pale brownish yellow ; scutellum pale brown, a little

darker laterally, continued caudad from the dark scutal

lobes ; postnotum dark brown. Pleura pale brown with a

darker chestnut-brown stripe extending from the fore cox

to the base of the halteres, the mesosternum likewise dark

brown, the space between these dark marks silvery pruinose.

Halteres long and slender, dark brown, the base of the stem

abruptly light yellow. Legs long and slender with the coxze

and trochanters reddish yellow; femora with the basal

quarter pale, thence passing into dark brown, the tip broadly

an the British Museum. 7

yellow, enclosing a brown subapical annulus, this being a

little broader than the actual yellow tip; tibiz and tarsi

dark brown. Wings pale yellow, cells C, Sc, and Ist R,

brighter yellow; wing-surface marbled and sprinkled with

pale brown spots and clouds ; stigmal area enclosing a pale

yellow spot immediately before 7; the marks at the origin

of Rs and along the cord are somewhat darker brown, the

middle half of Rs being yellow, the ends surrounded by

these brown seams; 2nd Anal cell largely occupied by a

brown cloud ; compared with the somewhat similar L. soko-

trana, the markings are fewer in number and more confluent.

Venation : Se moderately long, Sc, ending a short distance

before the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se, ; rat the tip of

R,; basal deflection of Cu, at or a short distance before the

fork of JZ.

Abdominal tergites brownish, the sternites brownish

yellow; hypopygium pale brown.

Hab. Uganda, British East Africa.

Holotype, 3, Hill Bembadalada, May 26, 1911 (Dr. C. H.

Marshall).

Paratype, 3, Fort Hall, British East Africa, May 1, 1912

(W. C. Prichard).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1912. 109, 1913. 394.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The paratype male is much less distinctly marked than

the type above described, but almost surely refers to the

same species.

Limnobia pecila, sp. n.

Head brown ; antennz dark brown, the flagellar segments

oval; pronotum and mesonotal preescutum reddish brown

with a broad median stripe; pleura reddish brown; legs

dark brownish black, the femora with an indistinct, narrow,

reddish ring before the tip ; wings yellowish subhyaline with

brown spots and dots that are found in all the cells, but are

more distinct and clear-cut in the cells of the costal half,

paler and ill-defined in the cells of the caudal half of the

wing ; abdomen dark brown.

Male.—Length 8 mm.; wing 10:1 mm.; fore leg, femur

8°4 mm., tibia 10°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the flagellar segments oval. Head dark brown.

Pronotum dark brownish black, the sides reddish yellow.

8 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Mesonotal preseutum reddish brown with a broad, brown,

median stripe ; scutal lobes dark brown; median area of the

scutum and the base of the scutellum obscure yellow ;

remainder of the mesonotum dark brown. Pleura reddish

brown without stripes. Halteres moderately elongated, the

stem obscure yellow, passing into the dark brown knobs.

Legs with the coxze and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora

dark brownish black, the bases a little paler ; a very obscure,

narrow, reddish ring before the broad black tip; remainder

of the legs black. . Wings with a faint yellow tinge, with

brown spots and dots scattered in all the cells, these heavier

and more distinct in the cells of the costal half of the wing,

very pale, ill-defined, and confluent in the caudal cells ; these

marks consist of a series of brown spots in cells C and Sc;

a large brown spot at the origin of As, including cell Se; a

larger spot at the tip of Se,; stigma oval, dark brown,

entire; wing-tip at the end of vein R,,3; darkened; the

spots in the radial cells are more scattered, but in the caudal

cells they are so numerous and approximate that their limits

become ill-defined and the general coloration of these cells

of the wing becomes pale brown; veins dark brown. Vena-

tion: Sec, ending almost opposite or but slightly before the

fork of Rs ; Sc, at the tip of Sc; ; 7 at the tip of R, and

subequal to this tip; basal deflection of Cw, at the fork

of M.

Abdominal segments dark brown, the centres of the disk

more reddish ; hypopygium brown,

Hab. Gold Coast.

Holotype, 3, Bibiani, October, 1910 (Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia pecila is generally similar to LZ. rhanteria, but

is readily told by the diagnostic characters listed above.

Limnobia sokotrana, sp. n.

Antenne black, the segments not conspicuously elongated,

verticils short; vertex very narrow between the eyes;

mesonotum obscure greenish yellow with a broad blackish

median stripe; pleura yellow, with a conspicuous, longi-

tudinal, brown stripe; halteres with the knobs yellow; legs

with the femora long and slender, light brown, the tips dark

brown and with a yellowish subapical ring; wings pale

greyish yellow, with a few brown spots and seams at the

ends of the veins in the costal region and along the cord;

all the cells of the wing dotted with pale brownish grey ;

in the British Museum. 9

cell lst M, closed, basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the

fork of M; abdominal segments yellowish, the basal tergites

dark brown.

Male.—Length about 9°5 mm. ; wing 11°5 mm.; hind leg,

femur 10 mm., tibia 9°2 mm.

Rostrum slightly elongate, dark brownish black ; palpi

black. Antenne dark brown throughout; first scapal

segment elongated; basal flagellar segments enlarged, sub-

globular, the distal segments cylindrical, the verticils shorter

than the segments that bear them; terminal flagellar

segment nearly twice as long as the penultimate, deeply

constricted at mid-length to appear as two. Head dark

brown; vertex between the eyes very narrow, so that the

eyes are almost contiguous.

Pronotum obscure yellowish. Mesonotal prescutum

obscure greenish yellow with a broad, brownish-black,

median stripe that broadens out behind; scutal lobes

largely blackish brown ; scutellum and postnotum similar,

sparsely grey-pruinose, the sides at the base paler. Pleura

obscure yellow with a narrow, dark brown, longitudinal

stripe extending from the propleura, passing above the fore

coxe and base of the halteres to the postnotum; meso-

sternum similarly dark brown. Halteres with the knobs

and bases of the stem yellowish, the remainder of the stem

pale brown. Legs with the coxe yellow, the posterior cox

darker; trochanters dull yellow; femora rather long and

slender, light brown, the tips narrowly (1-1:1 mm.) dark

brownish black; a dull yellowish subapical ring ; tibie and

tarsi dark brown; claws with four basal teeth. Wings with

a pale greyish-yellow tinge, costal and subcostal cells more

yellowish ; membrane with a few brown spots and seams,

and numerous pale brownish-grey dots in the cells; the

larger brown markings are as follows: At #; at the origin

of Rs, continued along the vein to beyond a third its length;

tip of Sc,; at the tip of R, and along r; as seams along the

cord and outer end of Ist M,; the small pale dots are well

scattered over all the cells; there is a small yellowish area

near the end of cell lst Ry, immediately before 7, giving a

somewhat ocellate appearance to the stigma. Venation:

Sc long, ending but a short distance before the fork of Rs,

Sc. at the tip of Sc, and subequal to it; Rs long, gently

arcuated; r at the tip of R,; Ry,3 rather arcuated at

origin, thence running parallel to A,,;; basal deflection

of Ry,5 about one-half longer than r—m ; cell 1st M, closed,

long-pentagonal, m being about two-fifths the length of the

10 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

long outer deflection of M,; basal deflection of Cu,

immediately before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites one and two, and the sides of three

dark brown; caudal margin of segments two to seven

obscure yellow, the remaining tergites reddish yellow;

sternite yellow.

Hab. island of Sokotra.

Holotype, 3, Adho, Diemelilus, altitude 3500 feet,

February 15, 1899 (JV. R. O.-Grant), B.M. no. 1903. 75.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia nyasaensis, sp. 0.

Antenne black, the flagellar segments pale at their tips ;

head dark-coloured, grey-pruinose; mesonotum reddish

yellow with an anterior dark brown median stripe on the

prescutum; femora with the tips broadly dark brown;

wings pale yellow, the costal and subcostal cells brighter,

the membrane dotted with brown, the origin of Rs and r

seamed with darker brown.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 9°3 mm.

Female.——Length about 8 mm.; wing 9'4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennz black,

the distal ends of the intermediate segments pale to produce

a bicolorous appearance; basal flagellar segments sub-

globular, the intermediate oval, the distal segments elongate-

oval. Head dark-coloured, grey-pruinose.

Pronotum reddish yellow with a dark brown median

stripe. Mesonotal prescutum similar, with an anterior dark

brown median line that becomes bifid and obliterated at

about mid-length of the sclerite; remainder of the meso-

notum and the pleura reddish yellow. Halteres rather long

and slender, pale brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with

the coxz and trochanters reddish yellow ; femora brownish

yellow, the tips broadly dark brown; tibie light brown, the

tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings pale

yellow, the costal and subcostal cells brighter ; a dark brown

seam at the origin of Rs and along r and the tip of £,;

narrow, paler brown seams along the cord and outer end of

cell 1st M,; scattered pale brown dots in all the cells as in

L. irrorata, their number and position somewhat variable.

Venation: Se rather long, ending opposite about two-thirds

the length of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se,; r at the tip of R,,

the latter being equa! to or about twice the length of the

former; cell lst M, closed, irregularly pentagonal, m being

in the British Museum. . 11

Jess than one-half the outer deflection of M3; basal deflection

of Cu, shortly before the fork of M.

Abdomen reddish brown.

Hub. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3 , Mianje, January 20, 1913 (S. 4A. Neave).

Allotopotype, 2 , January 24, 1913.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 236.

Ty pe in the collection of the British Museum.

Limnobia nyasaensis is close to L. irrorata (Enderlein),

but differs in the broad dark brown femoral tips and the

eonspicuous dark brown seams at the origin of Rs and along

r and the tip of R,.

Limnobia humfreyi, sp. 0.

Antenne brown ; head dark grey; pronotum dull yellow

with a broad black median stripe; mesonotum black, the

humeral angles of the praescutum yellow; pleura obscure

yellowish ; halteres black, the basal third of the stem yellow;

femora dark brown, the tips black ; wings subhyaline, costal

and subcostal cells dark brown; cord, outer end of cell

1st M,, and the wing-tip brown; abdominal tergite orange-

yellow with segments two, six, and seven black.

Male.—Leugth about 11 mm.; wing 11 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz with the scapal

segments brown, the flagellar segments a little darker brown;

flagellar segments oval, the distal segments a little more

elongate, the longest verticils about one-half longer than the

segments that bear them. Head dark grey, the eyes very

large, the vertex between tlem narrowed to a linear strip.

Pronotum dull yellow with a broad black median stripe.

Mesonotal preescutum dull yellow witb a broad black median

stripe that is broadened out behind near the suture to

include the whole posterior half of the sclerite ; scutal lobes

black, the median area a little paler; scutellum and post-

notum dark brownish black. Pleura obscure yellowish

without darker markings. Halteres black, the basal third

of the stem abruptly light yellow. Legs with the coxz and

trochanters dull yellow; femora dark brown, the tips black ;

tibie black, the extreme bases paler; tarsi black. Wings

subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells dark brown; stigma

dark brown, hairy; brown spots and seams at the origin

of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell Ist M/,; a less

distinct mark at arculus ; the wing-tip is broadly infuscated,

this including all but the base of cell 2nd R,, the outer half

12 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

of cells R; and R;, all but a spot at the base of cell 2nd Mz,

all of M,, all of Cu, except a large subbasal spot, and the

margins of the remaining cells of the wing; veins dark

brownish black. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending a short

distance before the fork of Rs, Se, at the tip of Sc,; Rs

angulated and slightly spurred at origin; 7 on the tip of R,

and long, nearly equal to the basal deflection of Cu,; basal

deflection of R,,; nearly three times the length of r-m; cell

lst M, long, narrow, a little widened distally, much longer

than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, just before

the fork of MW.

Abdominal tergite one light orange-yellow ; two black,

except at the extreme base ; three orange, the caudal margin

indistinctly darkened; four orange ; five with the basal half

orange, the caudal half and all of segments six and seven

black ; eight and nine and the hypopygium orange; sternites

orange, segments three and the subterminal ring of the

tergites occurring on the sternites also, black.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 3, llesha (Capt. L. EH. H. Humfrey).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422.

This handsome species is closely allied to LZ. congoensis,

Alexander (Belgian Congo), and several other species

described at this time. It is with pleasure that the fly is

dedicated to Captain Humfrey as an appreciation of the

labour involved in collecting numerous Tipulide in Southern

Nigeria.

Limnobia grahami, sp. n.

Head dusky black, a narrow median line and the margins

of the eyes light grey ; mesonotum brownish black, only the

narrow humeral regions of the prescutum yellowish; meso-

pleura and mesosternum with a conspicuous transverse dark

brown area; legs black; abdomen with segments one, four,

eight, and nine yellow, two, three, five, six, and seven black.

Male.—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 10°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennee with

the first scapal segment dark brown, the second segment

dark brown basally, the tip paler; flagellar segments

elongate-cylindrical, the verticils longer than the segments.

Head with the vertex blackish ; the median area and the

narrow margins adjoining the eyes light grey; the dusky

black areas of the vertex and occiput bear numerous black

an the British Museum. 13

bristles ; vertex between the eyes narrowed at the hinder

part of the eyes, at the narrowest part rather ight brown.

Pronotum yellowish, narrowly dark brown medially.

Mesonotal preescutum brownish- black, sparsely dusted with

erey, especially behind ; humeral region very narrowly dull

yellow; remainder of the mesonotum black, the median

area of the scutum greyish. Pleura obscure yellow, the

mesepisternum, mesepimeron, and lateral sclerites of the

postnotum dark brown, sparsely dusted with greyish, directly

continuous with the median sclerite of the postnotum ;

sternites similarly dark brownish black. MHalteres dark

brown, the base of the stem narrowly yellowish. Legs with

the coxz obscure yellow, the outer faces infumed; tro-

chanters brown ; legs dark brownish black. Wings nearly

hyaline, the costal and subcostal cells dark brown; stigma

dark brown, hairy ; wing-tip dark brown in cells 2nd R, (except

the base), the outer half of R,; and R;, all but the base of

2nd M,, M,, and Cu, and the apices of the other caudal cells ;

cord and outer end of cell Ist M, rather broadly seamed

with dark brown ; aspot at the origin of Rs; veins brownish

black. Venation as in L. humfreyi.

Abdominal tergite one light yellow; two and three black

except a narrow basal ring; four orange; five to seven black;

eight, nine, and the hypopygium orange ; sternites generally

similar to the tergites.

Hab. Ashanti.

Holotype, 3, Obuasi, July 5, 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham);

caught on window. B.M. no. 1908. 245.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnobia grahami is very close to L. humfreyi, but may be

told by the increase of black markings on the mesonotal

prescutum, the conspicuous dark area on the mesopleura,

tue black abdomen with the fourth segment clear orange,

aud other characters.

Limnobia edwardsi, sp. n.

Mesonotal przscutum yellow with a broad black median

stripe ; scutal lobes, the distal halves of the scutellum, and the

postnotum deep velvety black, basal halves of the scutellum

and the postnotum yellow; pleura yellow with a narrow

transverse band across the mesopleura and mesosternum,

completely girdling the thorax at this point ; a dark mark in

front of the halteres, the area between these two dark bands

couspicuously yellow-pollinose ; legs black; wings with the

14 Dr. C. P. Alexander on Afrecan Crane-flies

brown seams on the cord broad, cell 1s¢ M, long; abdominal

tergites reddish with a black ring on segments six and seven.

Male.—Length (exclusive of head) about 12 mm.; wing

13 mm.

Head lost in the unique type.

Pronotum pale yellow with a broad median black stripe.

Mesonotal prescutum golden-yellow, with a broad black

median stripe, at the suture meeting the black scutal lobes,

from which extends laterad a narrow black - girdle across

the pleura and sternum, completely encircling the body ;

median area of the scutum and the base of the scutellum

golden-yellow pollinose; remainder of the scutellum black ;

postnotum with the basal half golden-yellow pollinose, the

caudal half deep velvety black. Pleura light yellow, with a

narrow transverse black band on the mesopleura and meso-

sternum as described above; sides of the postnotum cephalad

of the base of the halteres black ; the region immediately

beneath the wing-root dark brown; the large oval space

between these transverse black areas, occupying the mesepi-

meron and part of the mesosternum, light golden-yellow

pollinose. Halteres with the extreme base of the stem dark

brown; stem yellow, the knobs broken. Legs with the

coxe and trochanters lhght reddish yellow; remainder of

the legs black, the bases of the fore femora narrowly obscure

yellow. Wings pale yellowish subhyaline; cell Se brown,

cell C brown distally, the basal half pale; stigma oval, hairy,

dark brown; a large brown spot at the origin of Rs and

brown seams along the cord and outer end of cell lst M,;

wing-tip narrowly darkened, this including the outer half of

cell 2nd R, and the extreme outer ends of cells Rz, R;, 2nd

M,, M3, Cu, and Cu; distal two-thirds of cell 2nd A greyish ;

vein Cu distinctly and rather broadly seamed with brown ;

the other longitudinal veims more narrowly and _ less

distinctly seamed with brown, more distinct on the outer

half of the wing; veins dark brownish black. Venation :

Sc long, ending a short distance before the fork of Rs, Sc,

at the tip of Sc,; As slightly angulated at origin ; 7 at the

extreme tip of R, and more than twice the length of this tip ;

basal deflection of R,,; about two-fifths the length of Rs;

ecll 1st M, long and comparatively narrow, longer than any

of the veins issuing from it, its inner end arcuated, lying

proximad of r—m; basal deflection of Cu, and short distance

beyond the fork of MZ.

Abdominal tergite one yellow; two reddish with a black

ring around the middle; three and four reddish ; five reddish

with a black ring around the middle ; segments six and seven

in the British Museum. 15

black ; eight, nine, and hypopygium reddish ; eighth tergite

telescoped beneath the seventh.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 3, Nairobi, June-July, 1912 (Dr. A. D. Milne).

B.M. no. 1918. 192.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

It is with great pleasure that this very beautiful Limnobia

is dedicated to Mr. F. W. Edwards, in appreciation of his

critical studies on tropical Tipulidee.

Limnobia compta, sp. n.

Mesonotal prescutum yellow with a narrow, dark brown,

median stripe, before the suture traversed by a broad

transverse band that passes across the mesopleura and meso-

sternum, completely girdling the body; scutum with the

lobes black; scutellum light yellow; postnotum black;

pleura with a silvery-white area behind the black girdle;

halteres black, pale basally; femora obscure brownish yellow,

the tips dark brown; wings faintly yellow, with incon-

spicuous dark markings ; basal abdominal segments black,

ringed caudally with reddish ; segments five to seven black,

eight and nine orange.

Female.—Length about 10°5-11°5 mm.; wing 11-11°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennze with the scapal

segments yellowish brown; flagellar segments pale brown,

moderately elongated, and with long secund verticils. Head

light brown, sparsely grey-pruinose medially, the lateral

portions dark brown.

Pronotum yellow with a moderately broad, dark brown,

median stripe. Mesonotal przscutum subshiny, dull

yellowish with a narrow, dark brown, median stripe that

broadens out on the posterior half of the sclerite, before the

suture with a broad transverse band that forms a cross with

the median stripe; immediately in front of this cross the

median stripe is considerably narrowed ; the transverse band

is continued laterad across the pleura and sternum, com-

pletely girdling the body; scutum obscure yellow, the lobes

largely shiny black, indistinctly connected with the black

pleural band ; scutellum conspicuously light yellow-pollinose;

postnotum shiny black. Pleura light yellow with a broad,

transverse, black band as described above, this including the

mesepisternum and mesosternum; lateral pieces of the

postnotum immediately before the bases of the halteres

black, these two black areas enclosing between them a

16 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

narrow silvery-white spot. Halteres rather short, black, the

basal two-fifths of the stem pale yellow. Legs with the fore

cox yellow; middle and hind coxe with the outer faces

largely black ; trochanters obscure brownish yellow; femora

yellowish basally, the tips dark brown, these broadest on the

fore legs where less than the basal third is pale, narrowest on

the hind legs where it includes only the distal fifth ; tibize

pale brown, the tips narrowly dark brown ; tarsi dark brown.

Wings with a faint yellowish tinge ; the base of the wing

before the arculus darkened: basal half of cell Se darkened;

stigma oval, hairy, dark brown; narrow and indistinct brown

clouds at the origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of

cell lst M,, and as indistinct clouds along the longitudinal

veins and in the ends of cells 2nd M,, M3, Cu,, and at the

end of vein lst A; veins dark brownish black. Venation :

Sc malerately short, Sc, ending but little beyond mid-length

of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc,; r at the tip of R,; cell lst M,

rather small, not longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal

deflection of Cu, a short distance before the fork of M.

Abdominal segments one to four black, the caudal margins

broadly reddish yellow; segments five to seven black, eight

and nine orange ; valves of the ovipositor short and blunt

as in this group of species.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2, Oshogbo (Dr. T. F. G. Mayer).

Paratopotype, ¢ .

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Tribe ANTOCHINI.

Genus Creratocuetius, Wesché.

Ceratocheilus edwardst, sp. n.

Rostrum about as long as the body ; head light grey ;

mesonotal prescutum light reddish orange; remainder of

the mesonotum brown ; pleura with a broad dark brown

dorsal stripe; wings pale creamy with a heavy dark brown

pattern ; vein R,,; very long, bisinuous ; cell 1st JZ, closed,

basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.

Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 6°3 mm. ; wing

4:4. mm.; rostrum about 6 mm.

Rostrum very long and slender, approximately as long

as the body, dark brown, the extreme base almost black.

in the British Museum. Lf

Antennz dark brownish black. Head clear light grey, the

vertex surrounding the antennal bases infuscated ; corni-

culus flattened, sub- oval, narrowed at the base, pale orange,

the surface whitish- pubescent. Space between the eyes

broad.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum greatly

narrowed and projecting anteriorly over the pronotum, light

reddish orange in colour without apparent darker markings ; :

remainder of the mesonotum brown. Pleura pale, with a

very broad, dark brown, dorsal stripe extending from the

pronotum to the base of the abdomen. Sternum dark

brown, this colour continued across the outer faces of the

middle and hind cox. MHalteres pile yellow, the base of

the stem a little darker, the knobs large, dank brownish

black. Legs with the fore coxe light-colour d, the middle

aid hind coxze more or less infumed on their outee faces ;

trochanters dull yellow ; remainder of the legs dark brown,

the femoral bases and the last tarsal segment paler. Wings

with a pale creamy tinge, the wing- -base and costal region

more yellowish; a heavy dark. brown pattern as follows :—

a small seam at 4; a large dark brown mark just beyond the

arculus, extending from cell C to the ls¢ Anal vein ; a large

seam at Sc,; a large U-shaped mark at the origin of Rs, one

branch embracing the tip of Se,, the other the tip of R,, the

end of cell Sc between being pale, this brown mark continued

caudad almost to vein J/; a large rounded area at the end

of vein R,,3;; cord and outer on of cell Ist M, seamed

with dark brown; brown spots at the ends of veins of Cw,

Cu,;, lst A, and 2nd A; a large cloud beyond mid-length of

vein ls¢ A ; a paler brown subapical band extending from

cell R; to M3, the extreme wing-tip in cells R;, R;, and M,

creamy white; veins yellow, dark brown in the darkened

areas. Venation: R,,3; very long for a member of this

genus, gently bisinuous, approximately as long as the sector

itself, cell R, being unusually long; cell Ist M, closed ;

basal dedection of Cui before the fork of M, the distance a

little longer than m.

Abdomen dark brown.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 3, Ikotobo, November 1913 (Dr. J. W. Scott-

Macfie).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

48.

Type in the collection of ‘the British Museum (Natural

History).

Ann. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 2

18 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

This interesting fly is readily told from the other known

species of the genus, nine in number, by the long vein R,,3

and the very heavy wing-pattern. Ceratocheilus edwardsi 1s

dedicated to Mr. F. W. Edwards in appreciation of his

critical work in determining the true status of the subfamily

Ceratocheiline of Wesché and the synonymy of the genera

therein included (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. viii.

pp. 279-283, 1911).

Genus EL.epuantomyta, Osten-Sacken.

Elephantomyia nitidithorax, sp. n.

Rostrum longer than the body, dark brown ; head grey ;

mesonotal prescutum shiny brownish yellow with three

confluent shiny black stripes; pleura reddish yellow with a

sooty-black dorsal area; legs dark brown; wings faintly

brownish, stigma dark ‘brown ; abdomen dull ‘brownish

yellow, the tergites indistinctly rimged with darker brown.

Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 7 mm. ; wing

8 mm.; rostrum about 6°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown, about as long as the body.

Antenne dark brownish black, with fifteen segments, as in

the genus, the flagellar segments with very long verticils.

Head grey, the vertex between the eyes very narrow.

Cervical sclerites dull yellow. Pronotum dark brown.

Mesonotal prascutum shiny brownish yellow with three

confluent shiny black stripes, the humeral angles of the

ground-colour ; scutum shiny yellowish ee, scutellum

and postnotum deep brownish black. Pleura shiny reddish

yellow; asooty-bfack triangular area on the mesepisternum

just beneath the margin ‘of. the mesonotal preescutum ;

immediately behind this blackened area and beneath the

wing-root a strong erect seta. Hlalteres brown, the knobs

dark brown. Legs with the cox and trochanters brownish

yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown, the bases of the

fore femora narrowly dull yellow. Wings with a faint

brownish tinge, a little darker at the apex; stigma oval,

dark brown; veinsdark brown. Venation as in #. westwoodi,

Osten-Sacken (genotype), except that As is a little longer,

aud angulated or slightly spurred at origin: Se ending just

before the fork of Rs; basal deflection of Cu, but a short

distance beyond the fork of M, at less than one-fourth the

length of cell lst Mg.

Abdominal tergites dull brojnish yellow, the basal and

posterior margins of the segments narrowly and indistinetly

in the British Museum. 19

dark brown to produce an annulated appearance ; sternites

more yellowish; eighth segment uniformly darkened.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 8, Yaba, Lagos (Dr. L. H. Booth).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

55.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Elephantomyia nitidithorax is closest to E. wahlbergi,

Bergroth (Caffraria), from which it is distinguished by the

different coloration of the prescutum and pleura, the dark

brown legs, the differently coloured abdominal tergites, and

the venation, the latter assuming that Bergroth’s comparison

of his species with the genotype, HE. westwoodi, is correct.

Elephantomyia neaver, sp. n.

Rostrum less than half as long as the body, dark brown ;

head light brown, pale buffy grey adjoining the eyes ; meso-

notum buffy brown, the prescutum with a broad brown

median stripe ; scutal lobes with dark brown centres ; wings

subhyaline, the stigma pale; cell R; at the wing-margin

broad ; cell Ist M, very small; basal deflection of Cu, before

the fork of M.

Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 7°5 mm. ;

wing 7°5 mm.; rostrum 3°3 mm.

Rostrum only moderately elongated, slender, dark brown ;

palpi rather long, dark brown. Antenne dark brownish

black, normal for this genus. Head light brown, pale buffy

grey adjoining the inner margins of the eyes; vertex

narrow. ;

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum light buffy

brown with a broad, dark brown, median stripe, which is

somewhat more reddish anteriorly; scutum light butty

brown, the centres of the lobes dark brown ; remainder of

the mesonotum pale buffy brown. Pleura pale plumbeous

brown. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

pale brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs pale yellowish

brown, the terminal tarsal segments darker brown. Wings

subhyaline, the bases pale yellow ; stigma pale brown; veins

pale brown, Sc more yellowish. Venation: Sc rather short,

ending about opposite two-thirds the length of the long

straight Rs, Sc at the tip of Sc,; Rs, 3 rather short, parallel

with? R,,5 to near its tip, when it Bends slightly cephalad

so that cells R, and f; are approximately equal at the

20 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

wing-margin ; cell Ist J/, very small for a member of this

genus, pentagonal, the section of M,,, between r—m and m

shorter than the basal section and about equal to m; the

fusion of Af, and Cu, longer than any of the other veins

that surround cell Ist J/,; basal deflection of Cu, before

the fork of M, this distance about equal to one-half the

length of the basal deflection of Cu,.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the hypopygium brown,

the sternites reddish brown.

Hub. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mt. Mlanie, December 5, 1912 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 236.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This curious fly requires comparison with no other of the

known species of the genus. It is dedicated to the collector

in appreciation of his efforts in collecting members of this

neglected family of files in Eastern Africa.

Genus Dicranoprycua, Osten-Sacken.

Dicranoptycha atricolor, sp. 1B.

General coloration deep shiny black, the antennal scape

and bases of the fore femora brighter.

Male.—Length about 10 mm. ; wing 12 mm. ; hind lg,

femur 9 mm., tibia 10°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scape

dark brown, tie flagellar segments black. Head dark

brown.

Pronotum and mesonotum deep shiny black. Pleura

shiny black. Prosternum broad, Haltercs dark brownish

black. Legs with the coxz and trochauters black ; femora

black, the bases of the fore femora dull yellow ; tibize dark

brown, tipped with: black ; metatarsi dark brown, tipped

with black; remainder of the tarsal segments broken. Wings

with a deep, dark brown tinge, more suffused in the cos.al

region ; velus dark brown. Venation: Se longer than in

D. natalia, Sc, ending about opposite 7-m, Sc, beyond mid-

length of the deflection of ,,; ; R, beyond 7 shorter than

the deflection of Ry,;; Rs short, about equal to or shorter

than cell lst Mp).

Abdomen black throughout. |

Hab, Uganda.

in the British Museum. 21

Holotype, 3, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, altitude 3500-

3800 ft., July 16-25, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1913.

140.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Dicranoptycha atricolor may be confused only with the

much smaller D. natalia, Alexander (Natal), which is readily

told by the paler body-coloration, the yellow trochanters,

and the different venational details as outlined above.

Genus RuAmpuipis, Meigen.

Rhamphidia iris, sp.

Rostrum very long and slender, nearly as long as the

head and thorax taken together; head grey ; mesonotal

prescutum and scutum shiny black, remainder of the

thorax orange-yellow ; coxe and trochanters black ; wings

iridescent, the apex and stigma brown; abdomen black,

the last segment (in the femaie) orange.

Female.—Lenugth (excluding rostrum) about 8 mm.; wing

7 mm.3; rostrum 2 mm.

Rostrum very long and moderately slender, nearly as long

as the combined head and thorax, dark brown, the short

brown palpi at the tip. Antenne dark brown throughout,

the flagellar segments oval. Head dark, heavily light grey-

pruinose ; eyes “large, the vertex between them very narrow.

Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum orange-yellow,

the anterior margin a little darkened. Mcsonotal preescutum

and most of the scutum shiny black, the posterior margins

of the scutal lobes, scutellum, and postnotum orange-yellow.

Pleura and sternum orange-yellow. Prosternum rather

broad and extensive, narrowed anteriorly. Halteres black,

only the extreme base of the stem yellowish. Legs with the

cox and trochanters black, contrasting conspicuously with

the light-coloured pleura; remainder “of. the legs broken.

Wings subhyaline, highly iridescent, the costal and subcostal

cells a little darker ; wing-tip in cells &, to J/; darkened ;

stigma oval, dark brown; veins dark brownish black.

Venation (a single wing preserved in the unique type) :

Sc ending opposite the end of As, Sc, at the end of Ne, ;

Rs long, almost straight; basal deflection of Ry,; about

equal to m3; cell lst M, closed; basal deflection of Cu, a

little beyond mid-length of the cell lst M/y.

Abdomen black, the genital segment orange. Ovipositor

2p Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

brown, the tips paler, the tergal valves very long, almost

straight, slightly upeurved at the tips.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 2 , “Col. Cole’s house, NTB, early morning,”

November 1904 (Capt. FE. D. W. Greig). B.M. 1905. 310.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia cacoxena, sp. n.

Rostrum very long aud slender, nearly as long as the head

and thorax taken together ; head grey ; mesonotum black ;

pleura dark brown, the metapleura more brownish yellow ;

coxe and trochanters black ; wings iridescent, the apex and

stigma brown; abdomen black, the last segment orange.

Female.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 5°5 mm.;

wing 5 mm. ; ae 14 mm.

Rostrum very long and moderately slender, nearly as

long as the combined head and thorax ; 3 palpi dark brown.

Autenne dark brown. Head grey.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotum black. Pleura dark

brown, the dorsal pleurites and metapleura obscure brownish

yellow. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem dull

yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters dark brown ;

femora dark brown ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings

subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells and the wing-tips

darkened ; stigma dark brown, large, extending across cell

R, to vein Ay,3;; membrane iridescent. Venation as in

R. iris, but the basal deflection of Cr before the middle of

cell 1st A/, ; cell R3; at the wing-margin but little wider than

ceil R;.

Abdomen black, the genital segment and valves of the

ovipositor orange; valves of the ovipositor straight, the tips

a little upeurved.

flab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, ¢ , Ilesha, August 17, 1910 (Capt. L. E. 4.

Humfrey). ‘ Caught in house.”

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia cacozxena very closely resembles R. iris, of which

it appears almost as a miniature; the different coloration of

the posterior sclerites of the mesonotum will separate the

two species.

in the British Museum. 23

Rhamphidia obsoleta, sp. 0.

Rostrum very long and slender, nearly as long as the

head and thorax taken together; general coloration brown ;

wings nearly hyaline; stigma pale brown, the wing-tip not

darkened.

Female.—ULength (excluding rostrum) about 6°3 mm. ;

wing 5°7 mm.; rostrum 1:8 mm.

Rostrum long and comparatively slender, nearly as long

as the combined head and thorax, dark brown; palpi dark

brown. Antenne dark brown. Head dark brown.

Mesonotum brown, the pleura scarcely paler. Halteres

brown. Legs slender; coxe and trochanters dark brown ;

remainder of the legs dark brown, the terminal tarsal

segments a little paler. Wings nearly hyaline ; stigma pale

brown, not reaching vein R,,3; veins dark brown. Venation:

Sc ending just beyond the end of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Se, ;

vein Ry, running parallel with ,,;, diverging only at the

end of the cell, cell R; trumpet-shaped only at its outer end ;

cell R; but little wider at the wing-margin than cell R; ;

cell lst M, small, hexagonal, the section of M,,, between

r—m and m subequal to the basal section of J/,,. and nearly

twice as long asm; m subequal to the outer deflection of

M,; basal deflection of Cu, slightly beyond mid-length of

cell lst 14,.

Abdomen dark brown; valves of the ovipositor long and

straight.

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, 2, October 1904 (Major F. Smith). B.M.

no. 1904. 347.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

In general appearance, Rhamphidia obsoleta agrees most

closely with R. cacoxena (Southern Nigeria), from which it

may be told by the darker thoracic pleura, the lack of

darkened wing-tips, the smaller and paler stigma, and the

different venation, the longer /?s, the longer Se which ends

beyond the fork of Rs, the narrower and straighter cell R;

which is suddenly dilated at its outer end, the lower cell

lst M, and the consequent elongation of r—m, and other

characters.

Rhamphidia morosa, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown; rostrum about twice the

length of the head ; wings uniformly pale brown, the stigma

24 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

darker brown ; cell R; about three times as wide as cell Ry

at the wing-margin; cell 1st J/, closed, irregularly pentagonal.

Female——Length (excluding rostrum) 6°6 mm. ; wing

7 mm.; rostrum 1°3 mm.; abdomen alone 4°4 mm.

Rostrum about twice the length of the head, dark brown ;

palpi dark brown. Antenne and head dark brown.

The thorax is badly injured in pinning and the coloration

can be discussed in general terms only. Mesonotum dark

brown, pleura a little paler. Halteres dark brown, the base

of the stem a little paler. Legs long and slender ; coxe and

trochanters dark brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown,

the femora a little paler basally, the tarsi somewhat paler at

the tips. Wings with a uniform pale brown suffusion, the

subcostal cell a little darker ; stigma elongate-oval, darker

brown ; veins dark brown. Venation: Se ending just before

the fork of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc, ; R,,3; running rather

close to R, before the end of the latter; cell R3 very wide at

the wing-margin, about three times as wide as cell R, ; cell

lst M, closed, irregularly pentagonal ; M,,,. between r—-m

and m being a little shorter than the basal deflection of M,,.

and but little longer than the gently arcuated m; outer

deflection of M/3; perpendicular, about two-thirds as long as

m ; basal deflection of Cu, immediately before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites brownish

yellow. Ovipositor with the valves long and straight, the

extreme tips broken in the unique type.

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, °, October 1904 (Alajor F. Smith). B.M.

1904. 347.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia imperfecta, sp. n.

Rostrum long and slender, about twice the length of the

head ; general coloration dark brown ; legs dark brown,

the tarsi paler; wings hyaline, the stigma narrow, pale

brown ; cell lst J/, open, basal deflection of Cu, beyond the

fork of M.

Sex ?—Wing 5 mm. ; rostrum 1 mm.

The type-specimen has the tip of the abdomen injured, so

the sex cannot be determiied.

Rostrum moderately elongate, about twice the length of

the head, dark brown ; palpi dark brown, Antenne with

in the British Museum. 25

the scapal segments dark brown, the flagellum broken.

Head dark brown, the cheeks with long curved sete.

Mesonotum dark brewn without apparent darker markings,

the pleura a little paler. Halteres broken. Legs with the

coxe and trochanters testaceous brown ; remainder of the

legs dark brown, the tarsi somewhat paler brown. Wings

hyaline; stigma narrow, indistinct, pale brown; veins dark

brown. Venation: Se ending just before the fork of Rs,

Sc, at the tip of Sc;; Rs long and almost straight ; cell

lst M, open by the atrophy of m; basal deflection of Cu,

inserted a short distance beyond the fork of M, the distance

between it and the fork of J/ about one-third tle fusion of

Cu, and M3.

Abdomen dark brownish black, the tip injured.

Hab. Sierva Leoue.

Holotype, sex ?, Daru (Dr. Murphy).

Presented by the Enutomclogical Research Committee,

1913. 594.

T'ype in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Rhamphidia imperfecta may be told by the open cell 1st Mg,

a character possessed only by R. eamarounensis, Alexander,

among the known Ethiopian species of the genus. ‘This

latter fly is the type of the subgenus Rhamphidina, distin-

guished by the shorter Sc, the very divergent veins Ry,3 and

R,,5 with the consequent widening of cell Ry, and the loca-

tion of the basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M.

Genus Trevcuouasts, Osten-Sacken.

Teucholabis rubrithorax, sp. n.

Heed black; thorax shiny reddish yellow throughout ;

wings subhyaline with three narrow brown cross-bands, the

last occupying the wing-tip far beyoud the outer end of ceil

lst M,; abdomen black, the ovipositor reddish horn-colour.

Female.—Length about 7°5 mm.; wing 6°2 mm.

Rostrum slender, nearly as long as the tead, dark brown ;

-palpi dark brown, Antennze dark brownish black, the

scapal segments a little paler brown. Head black, the

anterior part of the vertex sparsely grey-pubescent.

Neck brown, Pronotum reddish. Mesonotum shiny

redddish yellow without distinct darker stripes. Pieura

reddish yellow. Halteres dark brown, the knobs Jight

yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters reddish yellow ;

26 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

fore femora with the basal three-fifths yellow, the slightly

incrassated apex black ; hind femora with the basal half dull

yellow, passing into dark brown; tibiz dark brown, tipped

with black; tarsi black. Wings subhyaline with three narrow

brown cross-bands, the first at the level of the origin of the

sector, most evident at the origin of the sector and the end

of vein 2nd A, very pale and indistinct in the intervening

cells ; the second band is located along the cord, broadest

at costa, extending to the fork of Cu and thence as a much

paler cloud to the wing-margin ; the third band occupies

the wing-apex, the inner margin almost straight, including

the extreme tips of cells 2nd A, and M;, about the outer

third of cells R3, R;, and 2nd M,; veins dark brown, veins C,

Sc, and the wing-base more yellowish. Venation: Se ending

beyond mid-length of the long sector, Sc. far back from its

tip, nearer to the origin of Rs than to the tip of Sc, ; cell

lst M, long and narrow, widened distally, a little longer

than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, near the

inner end of cell Ist M3.

Abdomen shiny black. Ovipositor reddish horn-colour,

the bases of the sternal valves black ; tergal valves of the

ovipositor long and slender, strongly upcurved, the tips

acute,

Hab. Gold Coast.

Holotype, 2? , Aburi, 1912-1913 (W. H. Patterson). B.M.

no. 398. :

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Teucholabis nodipes, Speiser (Cameroun), has the meso-

thorax largely shiny black and the brown wing-pattern more

extensive.

Teucholabis latifascia, sp. n.

Male.—ULength about 7 mm.; wing 6°7 mm.

Female.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 6°2 mm.

Very similar to 7. rubrithoraz, differing as follows:

The wing-apex and the brown band at the cord are much

broader, the apex including about the outer third of cell

2nd R,, nearly the outer half of cell R;, and the outer three-

fourths of cell 22d M,; the band at the cord is approximately

one-half as wide as the hyaline band between it and the dark

apex; the latter is approximately as wide as, or wider than,

this hyaline band; the basal band is but little narrower

than the band at the cord. Cell 1st MW, is longer, slightly

exceeding in length that portion of vein Cu, beyond it and

subequal to vein 4/7, beyond it.

tn the British Museum. At

Hab. Ashanti.

Holotype, 3, Obuasi, June 8, 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham).

B.M. 1908. 245.

Allotopotype, 2, July 5, 1907.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

A note by the collector indicates that these specimens

were “caught on window.”

Tribe ERIOPTERINI.

Genus Erioprera, Meigen.

Erioptera (Erioptera) earissima, sp. n.

Autenne pale brownish yellow ; head shiny black ; meso-

notal prescutum obscure yellow with three stripes, the

median stripe reddish brown, the lateral stripes blackish;

halteres pale yellow at the base, the remainder brownish

black ; legs light yellow; wings light yellow, with three pale

greyish cross-bands, the tip broadly pale ; male hypopygium

with two pleural appendages, the inner one branched;

gonapophyses powerful, directed laterad.

Male.—Length about 5°5 mm.; wing 5°3 mm.

Female.—Leugth about 5°8 mm.; wing 5-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi pale brownish yellow. Antenne in

the male sex pale brownish yellow, in the female with the

flagellum a shade darker brown than the scape. Head

shiny brownish black, eyes of the male very large, broadly

contiguous beneath.

Mesonotum highly polished, obscure yellowish, with three

broad stripes, the median stripe reddish brown, the lateral

stripes almost black ; scutum with the lobes shiny brownish.

black, indistinctly margined with pale; secutellum dull

brownish yellow; postnotum with the basal half brown, the

posterior half almost black. Pleura with the dorsal sclerites.

deep chestnut-brown, the ventral sclerites yellowish ; a con—

spicuous china-white area on the mesepisternum, cephalad

aud ventrad of the wing-root ; in the paratype, this area is.

scarcely evident. Halteres with the basal half of the stem

pale yellow, the remainder of the stem and the knobs dark.

brownish black. Legs with the coxa and trochanters.

light yellow; femora clear golden yellow; tibie brownish

yellow; tarsi pale, the apical segments dark brown. Wings.

light yellow, including a broad incomplete sub-basal band,

a broad baud immediately before the cord, and the broad.

28 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Cran--flies

wing-apex, this latter narrowest in the type male; remainder

of the wing-surface provided vith three broad, pale grey

cross-bands, as follows: the first Just beyond the arculus,

occupying most of the basal half of cell 2nd A, in cells

and M narrowly connected with the broad second band

which occupies the level of the sector and the end of vein

2nd A, beginning in cell Se, continued to the posterior

margin, the third band lies just beyond the cord, narrowest

near the dark brown stigma, continued caudad across the

wing, occupying about the basal halves of cells A, Ry, R;,

M,, and M3, all but the base of cell Cu, and the tip of cell Cu;

veins brown, a little darker in the grey areas. Venation:

alinost as in the related 1. péringueyi, but vein Cuz is less

strongly bent near the tip and vein 2nd A runs closer to

the wing-margin atits bend so that cell 2nd 4 is very narrow

at this point.

Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, shiny, indistinctly

darker medially; steruites rather more uniformly yellowish.

Male hypopygium with the pleurites stout, the inner apical

angle a little produced and covered with numerous setigerous

tubercles ; two pleural appendages, the outer one straight,

the stem slender, the apex enlarged into a globular head

that is covered with parallel rows of overlapping, scale-like

structures; the inner appendage is profoundly two-branched,

the arms divergent at a straight angle; the short arm is

straight, the long arm recurved just beyond the base so the

loug apex lies subparallel with the short arm; this arm is a

little dilated before the acute tip and here provided with

numerous short appressed hairs. Gonapophyses flattened,

the inner angles produced into powerful blackened horns

that are directed strongly laterad and thus divergent. Ninth

pleurites dark brown basally, the tips brightened.

Hat. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mt. Mlanje, January 18, 1914 (S.A. Neave).

Allotopotype, ¢, August 29, 1913.

Paratopoty pe, scx ?, abdomen broken, September 3, 1913.

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

431, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This beautiful crane-fly is readily told from EK. péringucyi,

Bergroth, the ouly described species that 1s close to it, by

the well-marked diagnostic characters given above.

in the British Museum. 29

Erioptera (Erioptera) carissima nitidiuscula, subsp. n.

Female.—Length 6:1 mm.; wing 5°5 mm.

Very similar to typical carissima, differing as follows:

The eutire thoracic dorsum and pleura is a deep brownish

black, with a light yellow area on the mesepisternum as

described under the typical form. The dark wing-pattern

is more extensive, all three bands being connected with one

another in the cubital ceils of the wing, the band beyond

the cord suffusing the entire wing-apex, excepting a narrow

delicate margin at the extreme tip. Abdomen dark brown,

only the bases of the segments indistinctly paler ; genital

segments and valves of the ovipositor reddish horn-colour,

as in the typical form.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 2, Mumias District, north and south banks of

the Nzoia River, North Kavioronda, September 2, 1911

Cay Woodhouse) ; on self,

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1912. 196.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Erioptera subirrorata, sp. n.*

General coloration pale greyish brown, the dorsal pleural

sclerites of the thorax rather darker; halteres with the

knobs pale ; legs with the femora yellowish, the tibiz more

brownish ; wings faintly brownish yellow, the outer costal

margin more Hiihcaab the veins beyond the cord faintly

irrorate with pale brown dots; cell 1st Mz closed, 2nd Anal

vein sinuate,

Sex? —Wing 6°3 mm.

Rostrum and the rather large palpi brown. Antenne

with the scapal segments brown, the flagellum broken,

Head dull yellow, the vertex whitish- pruinose.

Mesonotum pale greyish brown, the lateral margins of

the prescutum paler; tuberculate pits separated by a

distance that is about equal to three t:mes the diameter of

one, located immediately cephalad of the level of the nearly

transverse pseudosutural fovezr. Pleura dull yellow, the

dorsal sclerites broadiy but somewhat indistinctly infuscated

to produce a dorsal stipe. Halteres brown, the knobs large,

light brownish yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

light yellow ; femora yellow ; tibie and tarsi brown, the

distal segments of the latter darker brown, Wings with

a faint brownish-yellow suffusion, the costal margin between

30 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

the origin of Rs and the wing-apex more suffused with brown,

the basal half of the costal cell pale ; veins beyond the cord

in the radial and medial fields with series of small pale

brown dots, somewhat after the fashion of Conosia irrorata ;

larger, dark brown spots along the costal margin at Sc, Sc,

R,, R,, and R;. Venation: Sc, retreated some distance

from the tip of Sc,, Sc, being at about one-third the distance

between the origin of Rs and the tip of Sce,; r on JL, at

about its own length beyond the fork of Ry,3; Ro,3 about

equal to the basal deflection of Cu,; cell lst M, closed;

m transverse; inner end of cell Ist 37, narrowed; basal

deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the distance about

equal to r-m; 2nd Anal vein sinuous, as in the subgenus

Erioptera.

Abdomen broken.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, sex ?, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1,

1912 (R. B. Woosnam). B.M. no. 1914. 2.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The unique type above described is in poor condition, one

wing and the abdomen being lost. The well-marked

characters diagnosed above will render the species easily

recognizable. The type is pmned on the same pin witha

paratype of Limnophila diffusa.

Erioptera ignava, sp. 0.

Head dark grey ; mesonotal prwscutum yellow with three

reddish-brown stripes; scutellum dark brown; postnotum

with a median brown line ; pleura with a broad dark brown

dorsal stripe and a slightly narrower yellow ventral stripe ;

wings long and narrow, greyish yellow ; cell lst M, closed,

vein 2nd A straight,

Male.—Length 5°8 mm.; wing 5°7 mm.

Female.—Length 6 mm. ; wing 6°2 mm.

Rostrum varying from light to dark brown. Antennz

dark brown, the scapal segments slightly paler brown.

Head dark grey, the vertex surrounding the eyes pale

brownish yellow, in some cases forming a U-shaped mark

behind the antennz with the arms of the U directed back-

ward ; posterior region of the vertex with numerous, stiff,

subproclinate bristles; eyes small, broadly separated both

above and below.

Pronotum moderately prominent, light yellow, the scu-

tellum with a shiny median area ; procoxe large, practically

contiguous. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with three reddish-

brown stripes, the lateral margins of the sclerite brighter ;

in the British Museum. 3L

scutal lobes reddish brown, scutellum dark brown; postnotum

dull yellow, dark brown medially. Pleura with the dorso-

pleural membranes dull yellow; a broad conspicuous, brown

to dark brown dorsal stripe, continued from the prosternum

to the base of the abdomen ; immediately beneath this stripe

is a slightly narrower, light yellow stripe passing immediately

above the coxal bases; sides of the mesosternum deep

reddish, the median area light yellow, with a deep median

impressed line. Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxz

reddish; trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow, the

tips indistinctly brownish ; tibiz yellowish brown; tarsi

brown. Wings long and narrow, with a strong greyish-

yellow tinge, the stigma indistinct; veins brown. Venation:

Sc long, ending opposite to the fork of Rs, Sc, some distance

from the tip of Sc,, so that it lies just beyond mid-distance

between the origin of Rs and the tip of Sc, ; Rs long, slightly

angulated at origin ; Ry, about two-fifths the length of Rs,

r at its fork ; cell A, very long and narrow ; the very short

basal deflection of Ay,5 is almost in direct alignment with

both Rs and Ay,;; r—-m about twice r; cell lst M, very long

and narrow, widened distally, a little longer than vein Cu,

beyond it; basal deflection of Cu, at. the fork of M; 2nd

Anal vein almost straight, cell 1s¢ Ad consequently widest at

the wing-margin.

Abdomen.brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with the

pleurites moderately elougated, the inner face concave; two

short, shiny black appendages, the dorsal one about twice as

Jarge as the ventral. ‘lhe female has the valves fleshy or at

least not strongly chitimized as in most species of the genus ;

the tip of the abdomen is abruptly narrowed, viewed from

beneath with the tip feebly bilobed.

Hab. Cape Colony.

Holotype, 3, Cape Town, September 7.

Allotopotype, 2? , October 9.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This fly would seem to be one of the aberrant members of

the genus Erioptera, though it is possible that more material

would necessitate its removal from this group.

Erioptera nigrolatera, sp. n.

Head black, heavily light grey-pruinose ; mesonotal pre-

scutum with a broad grey median stripe, the broad lateral

stripes sooty black; legs brown clothed with conspicuous

erect hairs; wings dusky grey; cell lst M, open by the

atrophy of m, Anal veins divergent; abdomen brownish

32 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

black ; gonapophyses of the male hypopygium shaped like a

furcula, the arms expanded into blades at their tips.

Male.—Length 4-46 mm.; wing 5-5°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz black, the

distal flagellar segments more brownish; second scapal

segment oval, tumid; two basal flagellar segments similar,

but much smaller; remaining flagellar segments somewhat

elongated, enlarged at mid-length and here with moderately

long verticils. Head black, heavily light grey-pruinose.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum with the

lateral margin narrowly but conspicuously light yellow;

disk pale grey with a broad, darker grey, median stripe and

broad, sooty-black, lateral stripes; remainder of the meso-

notum dark, sparsely pruinose. Pleura brown, sparsely

pruinose, the dorso-pleural membrane dull yeilow. Halteres

brown. Legs with the cox dark brown, pruinose ;_ tro-

chanters yellowish brown ; femora pale brown with rather

sparse, but conspicuous, long erect hairs ; remainder of the

legs darker brown, the erect hairs a little less conspicuous.

Wings with a dusky grey tinge ; veins dark brownish black.

Venation: Sec long, Sc; ending beyond the fork of R,,3,

Sc, retreated some distance from the tip of Sc, lying

immediately before the end of As; Rs long and straight ;

R,,, straight, a litle shorter than the basal deflection of Cu, ;

r very faint, located on R, at a distance fromthe fork of

R,,3 that is about equal to this latter vein; A, slightly

arcuated at its origin, so cell R, is wide at its base ; veins /?3

and #,,; almost parallel, M7,,, slightly upeurved at its tip ;

cell 1st M, opened by the atrophy of m; basal deflection of

Cu, at about mid-length of vein J/;; Anal veins divergent.

Abdomen dark brownish black, the appendages of the hy-

popygium horn-coloured. Male hypopygium with the tergal

plate rather large, the caudal margin nearly circularly

coneave, the lateral angles produced into slender cylindrical

horns that are directed caudad and slightly proximad ;

pleurites long, somewhat compressed, relatively slender, with

but a single apparent appendage; this is relatively small,

gradually narrowed to the acute bristle-like tip, the face

provided with numerous setigerous punctures; just beyond

mid-length of the appendage a slender, cylindrical, thumb-

like appendage. Gonapophyses very conspicuous, appearing

as a furcula on the ventral face of the genital chamber ;

each arm is a. prominent flattened blade, shaped somewhat

like a leg and foot, the toe produced into a long curved

point that is decussate with its mate of the opposite side ;

at the base of the fork on the ventral face a slender, straight,

in the British Museum. 33

chitinized rod that bears a short lateral spine on its dorsal

face.

Hab, Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mianje, January, February, 1914 (Dr. J. B.

Davey).

Paratopotype, 3.

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1914.

303, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This species needs no comparison with any of the known

species of the genus. Together with the last-deseribed

species, //. iynava, the present form must be considered an

aberrant member of the genus Hrioptera, and yet there are

no sufficient tangible characters on which to remove either

from this large and somewhat heterogeneous group.

Genus GNopnomyia, Osten-Sacken.

Grophomyia peramena, sp. n.

Head, thoracic pleura, and segments seven to nine of

the abdomen black; mesonotum, halteres, and base of the

abdomen orange ; legs black, the bases of the femora yellow;

wings dark brown with a broad white band before the cord

that does not attain the costal, subcostal, or anal cells;

distal cells of the wing pubescent.

Male.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 7:2 mm.

Female.—Length about 95 mm.; wing 82 mm,

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Anteune dark brownish

black, the basal flagellar segments rather elongate, a little

produced distally on the inner face, outer flagellar segments

more oval. Head shiny black.

Pronotal scutum deep black. Mesonotum and dorso-

pleural membranes orange. ‘Tuberculate pits a little

anterior to the level of the pseudosutural fovese. Pleura

deep black. Halteres orange. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters black; femora black with the bases yellow,

narrowest on the fore femora where it occupies a little more

than one-third of the segment, broadest on the hind legs

where it includes about three-fifths of the segment ; tibize

and tarsi black. Wings dark brown, variegated with white ;

a broad white band before the cord, extending from vein R

into cell Cw, very distinct in cells 2nd R,, R, and M ; an oval

white spot in cell R before the origin of Rs; a less distinct

pale area in the base of cell Ist A, lacking in the type-

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 3

34 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

female; base of the wing before the arculus orange-yellow ;

veins dark brown. Cells of the wing beyond the cord with

strong macrotrichia; in the centre of cell Cu these macro-

trichia continue basad almost to the level of the origin of

Rs. Venation: Sc, ending about opposite 7, Sc, far from

the tip of Sc,, located near the inner margin of the white

band; 7 on R, just beyond its origin ; cell 1s¢ M, moderately

broad, the basal deflection of Cu; inserted at from one-third

to one-fourth its length.

Abdomen with the six basal segments orange, the remainder

of the abdomen deep black.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, &, Mt. Mlanje, January 4, 1913 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee, 1913.

236.

All topotype, @, January 23, 1913. Presented by the

Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This exquisite fly is readily told from G. elegans (Wiede-

mann) by the apically pubescent wings and the very different

coloration of the body and wings.

Gnophomyia perelegans, sp. n.

Head black, light grey-pruinose; thorax and abdomen

metallic greenish blue; halteres brownish black, the knobs

conspicuously pale yellow ; legs black ; wings dark brownish

black with two broad whitish transverse bands; distal cells

of the wing pubescent.

Female.—Length about 9°55 mm.; wing 8°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne black,

somewhat longer than in the corresponding sex of G. per-

amena. Head broad, black, ight grey-pruinose.

Entire thorax metallic greenish blue, the postnotum and

pleura sparsely grey-pruinose. Halteres dark brownish black,

the knobs conspicuously pale yellow. Legs with the coxz

blue-black, sparsely pruinose ; remainder of the legs black.

Wings dark brownish black, with two large whitish cross-

bands, the first lying just. before the level of the origin of Rs,

extending from vein R through cells RK, M, Cu, across the

base of lst A into cell 2nd A, but not reaching the wing-

margin; the second band is larger, lying just before the cord,

extending across cells 1st R,, R, M, and Cu, narrowly inter-

rupted along vein Cu in the latter cell; veims brownish black.

Macrotrichia almost as in G. peramena, but traversing the

outer white band in cell Cu. | Venation: Se slightly shorter

than in G. peramena, Sc, ending just before the tork of Ry,3 ;

in the Dritish Museum. 35

ron F, a little less than its own length beyond the fork of

f,,3; basal deflection of Cu, inserted a short distance before

mid-length of the small, nearly pentagonal, cell lst My.

Abdomen metallic greenish blue. Valves of the ovipositor

black, a little paler at the extreme tips.

Hab, Nyasaland.

Holotype, 2 , Mt. Mlanje, December 28, 1912 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915.58.

‘Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Gnophomyta perelegans is very closely allied to G. peramena,

despite the striking differences in the coloration of the b dy

and legs. In both species the hind legs are conspicuously

longer than the others and the femora are slightly incrassated.

Genus Gonomytia, Meigen.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) nyase, sp. 0.

Antenne black, the scapal segments paler; mesonotum

pale brown, the scutellum broadly margined with white;

pleura striped longitudinally brown and white; halteres

yellow, the base of the knobs brown; legs pale brown;

wings faintly greyish, stigma indistinct ; cell A, very small,

basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M; abdominal

tergites uniformly dark brown; male hypopygium with both

pleural appendages simple.

Male.—Length 3:4 mm.; wing 3°6 mm.

Rostrum dark brown; palpi black. Antennz with the

enlarged scapal segments pale yellowish brown; flagellum

black with exceedingly elongate verticils. Head badly

wrinkled in the unique type, pale brownish yellow, the

vertex indistinctly darker medially.

Mesonotal pescutum pale brown, the extreme lateral

margins yellowish white; scutum similar; scutellum pale

brown, the caudal margins broadly white ; postnotum dark

brown, the sides more yellowish. Pleura dark brown, longi-

tudinally striped with whitish, the dorsal stripe formed by

the lateral margins of the mesonotal prescutum as described

above, the ventral stripe lying across the base of the meso-

sternum. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs brown with ouly

the tips yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters pale

brown; remainder of the legs pale brown, the distal tarsal

segments dark brown; a few stiff seta at the tips of the

femora. Wings with a faint grey tinge ; stigma indistinct ;

veins pale brown. Venation: Se short, Sc, ending a short

distance before the origin of Rs; vein Ry, iralignment with

As and wuch longer than it; cell A, very tiny, vein /, being

36 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

less than one-half of r—-m; inner ends of cells R;, R;, and

lst M, in alignment ; basal deflection of Cu, just before the

fork of J/, the fusion about equal to F,.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternite more yellowish

brown. Male hypopygium with two pleural appendages, the

outer appendage slender, much longer than the inner appen-

dage, the tip broken in the unique type. Inner pleural

appendage rather small, broad at the base, rapidly narrowed

to the subacute, heavily blackened tip, the face with numerous

setigerous punctures that bear stout sete. Gonapophyses

and penis-guard forming a large, pale, central organ of

which the only heavily chitinized elements appear as two

divergent, laterally directed horns.

Hab, Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mt. Mianje, November 8, 1913 (S. A. Neave).

B.M. no. 1914. 498.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Gonomyia nyase is very similar to G. sulphurelloides,

Alexander (Natal to Nyasaland), from which it is readily

told by the very different male hypopygium, in G. sulphu-

relluides the inner pleural appendage terminating in three

points instead of being simple as in the present species.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) noctabunda, sp. n.

Antenne dark brown, the scape paler ; pleura dark brown

with a narrow, white, longitudinal stripe ; femora yellowish

brown with a narrow brown ring before the tips ; wings

nearly hyaline; veins dark brown, C, Sc, and & more

yellowish; abdomen blackish, the segments narrowly

margined caudally and laterally with pale yellowish white.

Male.—Length 2-8-3 mm.; wing 3°3 mm.

Female.—Length 3:8-4 mm. ; wing 3°5-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the scapal segments a little paler, slightly enlarged. Head

light orange-brown.

Mesonotal prescutum light hrown, the lateral margins

narrowly pale yellowish; remainder of mesonotum pale

brown, light grey-pruinose, the scutellum margined caudally

with pale whitish. Pleura dark brown with a conspicuous,

narrow, white, longitudinal stripe; mesosternum dark brown.

Halteres yellow, the kuobs dark brown. Legs with the coxze

yellow, the basal half of the outer face brown ; trochanters

dull yellow; femora pale yellowish brown with a narrow

dark brown ring just before the tip; tibize pale brown, the

tips dark brown ; tarsi dark brown. Wings nearly hyaline,

the veins dark brown, conspicuous; C, Sc, and R more

in the British Museum. 37

yellowish; stigma indistinct. WVenation: Se ending before

the origin of Fs, Sc, narrowly seamed with brown, removed

a short distance from the tip of Sc,, the distance between

the tip of Sc, and the origin of As about equal to one-half

the latter; Ls stongly angulated at origin, shorter than

f,,3; cell R, moderately large for a member of this group,

vein f, slightly oblique; cell Is¢ M, usually closed, rarely

open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M;; basal

deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the fusion of these

two veins about 5 r—m or a little shorter. In the paratype,

fs is square at its origin and strongly spurred and Sc, ends

almost opposite this origin ; in all other characters the two

specimens agree sufliciently well and until male specimens

are found the insects cannot be further separated,

Abdomen blackish, the segments narrowly margined

caudally and laterally with pale yellowish white, more

distinctly on the tergites; genital segment of the female

orange-yellow; ovipositor with the valves horn-coloured,

acute. Male hypopygium with the pleurites moderately

slender, bearing two pleural appendages of very unequal

length; outer appendage unarmed, long and slender, of

nearly uniform width beyond the base, the apex obtuse, the

basal third pale, the apex blackened ; inner pleural appen-

dage small, suboval, the apex with numerous setigerous

tubercles. Gonapophyses long and slender, tapering gradu-

ally to the acute blackened tips ; just before the apex with

a broad setigerous area. Penis-guard pale, broad basally,

narrowed to the decurved tip.

Hab. Transvaal to British Hast Africa.

Holotype, 8, “Lot 380, De Kaap Block B,’ near Kaap-

muiden, Eastern Transvaal, October 11, 1919 (1. K. Munro).

Allotype, 9, Parklands at Nairobi, British East Africa,

April 26, 1911 (J. G. Anderson). Presented by the Hutomo-

logical Research Committee, 1913. 394.

Paratopotype, a broken 3, October 10, 1919; paratype,

2, Camp, Upper Shire, Nyasaland, September 28, 1911

(Dr. J. B. Davey); in dining hut, at night. Paratype

presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomolog gy, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the writer; allotype in the

collection of the British Museum (Natural History).

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) sobrina, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown; thoracic pleura dark

brown with a narrow, whitish, longitudinal stripe ; coxee and

trochanters light yellow; wings pale greyish; sparsely

spotted with brown, the costa variegated with brown and

38 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

yellow; abdominal tergites black, narrowly ringed caudally

with white.

Female.—Length 4°4 mm. ; wing 4°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown., Antenne dark brown,

the scapal segments and first flagellar segment a little paler ;

flagellar verticils not greatly elongated (in the female}.

Head pale yellowish, the centre of the vertex brown.

Mesonotum dark brown, the anterior margin of the pre-

scutum a little paler; scutal lobes adjoining the wing-roots

pale; posterior half of the scutellum pale. Pleura dark

brown with a narrow, white, longitudinal stripe extending

backward from the fore coxe. Mesosternum dark brown.

Halteres yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxze and

trochanters light yellow, contrasting with the dark colour of

the body ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings with a

smoky tinge, sparsely marked with darker as follows : a spot

at arculus; a spot at the origin of /?s; stigma rectangular,

continued backward as a narrow seam along the cord ; outer

end of cell lst M, seamed with pale brown ; a brown seam

on 7?,; a spot at the tip of /;; the basal cells of the wing

immediately beyond the arculus, cell /; before and beyond

the stigma, cell 72, and the tips of cells R,, 2;, My, and Quid

M, paler than the rest of the wing ; veins dark brown ; costa

dull whitish, variegated with brown at Fs, stigma, and tips

of veins FR, and &,. Venation: Sc moderately elongated,

Se, ending about opposite the origin of Rs; ARs and Fy ,3

nearly equal ; /?, short, straight, almost perpendicular to the

end of vein &,,3; cells 3 and &; with their inner ends in

obligue alignment ; cell Ist I, closed ; basal deflection of

Cu, a short distance before the fork of @—this distance less

than one-half of Ay.

Abdomen black, the tergites narrowly ringed caudally

with whitish ; sternites similar, but the pale caudal margius

less distinct. Valves of the ovipositor acute, the tergal

valves much longer than the sternal valves, their tips gently

upeurved.

Hah. Northern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2, Uorm, July 16, 1912 (Dr. J. W. Sevtt-

Macfie).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915. 58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Gonomyia (Gonomyia) venustipes, sp. 0.

Antenne yellow; mesonotal prescutum whitish, rich

einnamon-brown sublaterally, the white lateral triangles

delimited by dark brown; scutellum white, the caudal

an the British Museum. 39

margin narrowly dark brown; legs spotted with black and

yellow; wings pale yellowish subhyaline, with small dark

brown dots and spots; Se long, cell lst M, very long and

narrow.

Female.—Length 4°1 mm.; wing 4°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne with the first

segment pale brown, the remaider of the antennz very pale

yellow. Head pale brown, sparsely grey-pruinose.

Pronotum large and conspicuous, pale whitish. Mesonotal

prescutum with the broad central area whitish, this median

stripe narrowed before the suture to assume the form of an

hour-glass, at its narrowest point connected across by a

delicate brown line; sublateral regions cinnamon-brown ;

the triangular lateral regions are conspicuously white,

narrowly margined with dark brown, the anterior margin,

at the pseudosutural fovez, very distinct ; scutum whitish,

only the margins of the lobes more infuscated ; scutellum

white with two basal spots and the caudal margin narrowly

dark brown ; postnotum pale brownish yellow, brown late-

rally and less distinctly in the middle. The pattern of the

pleura is not clearly evident in the two specimens at hand, as

the pins penetrate this region and are badly verdigrised ;

the region is pale with a large pale brown area beneath the

wing-root and possibly a dark ventral stripe; at least the

mesopleura is heavily white-pruinose. Halteres pale, the

knobs but little darker. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

pale; remainder of the legs broken (see footnote). Wings

pale yellowish subhyline with numerous small brown spots

and dots, arranged as follows: the largest at the arculus,

smaller ones at the origin of “Rs and Sc,; at the tip of Se, ;

at the tip of A, ; seams along the cord, outer end of cell ls¢

M,, and vein &, ; distinct spots at the tips of all the longi-

tudinal veins, largest at 2nd A; veins pale, brown in the

darkened areas. Venation: Sc long, Sc, extending to about

one-half the length of Rs, Sc, a little beyond the origin of

Rs; &, ending opposite the fork of Rs, R,,3; about two-

thirds as long as Rs; A, perpendicular to the end of R,,3 ;

vein A; about equal to R,,3; inner end of cell lst M, far

proximad of the inner ends of cells Rk; and &;; cell lst M,

long and narrow, longer than any of the veins issuing from

it; basal deflection of Cu, at from one-fourth to one-filth

the length of this long cell lst M,. In one specimen Rs is

slightly spurred at its origin.

Abdomen varying from pale yellowish to dark brown, the

genital segment orauge-brown., Ovipositor with the valves

powerful, long, and slender, the tergal valves strongly

upceurved,

40 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, ° , Kamba, November 16, 1913, 8 p.m. (Dr. J. Y.

Wood).

Paratopotype, @ .

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915.58.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The following note by Mr. Edwards accompanies the

specimens: “When these specimens were first shown me

they had legs beautifully spotted with black and yellow ;

these were broken off and lost by the attendant who mounted

them.”

It is very possible that this curious fly is not a true

member of the genus, but as it is here that it will run by the

keys it is retained in this genus until further material is

available. Certain features of the bead and thorax suggest

the isolated genus Styringomyia.

Genus Trentepontia, Bigot.

Subgenus Moncgoma, Westwood.

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) madagascariensis, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown; mesonotal preescutum

dull yellow with three dark brown stripes ; legs brown, the

tips of the femora and tibiz narrowly creamy white ; wings

pale brownish, heavily marked with dark brown; basal

abdominal segments annulated brown and yellow.

Male.—ULength about 12 mm.; wing 10°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi browuish yellow. Antenne rather

elongate, dark brown throughout, the last segment about

twice the length of the penultimate. Head dark brown.

Mesonotal preescutum dull yellow, clearest laterally, with

three dark brown stripes, the median stripe ending before

the suture; scutum yellow, the lobes dark brown ; scutellum

aud postnotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown. Halteres

pale yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the cexz

shiny. dark brown ; trochanters dull yellow; femora light

brown, palest basally, passing into dark brown before the

narrow (1°3 mm.) creamy-white tips; tibiz dark brown with

only the extreme bases and the moderately broad tips (2 mm.)

pale; tarsi pale brown; fore femora’ with a row of small

erect hairs on the inner face, two of these being more

powerful than the others ; on the posterior femora there are

six or seven such spinous bristles ; metatarsi with a few long

hairs near the base. Wings with a pale brown suffusion,

in the British Museum. 41

heavily marked with dark blotches; costal and subcostal

cells more yellowish ; the- brown markings are arranged as

follows: at the origin and fork of Rs; at the tip of A, and

along r; at the origin and tip of R,; along the cord and

outer end of cell lst M.; the cells in the radial field are

paler, the wing-apex a little darker; veins dark brown, C,

Sc, and R paler. Venation: r obliqne, inserted on Ry,

about two-thirds of its length before the fork of the latter ;

R, about one-half longer than r; cell 1st M, is apparently

open by the atrophy of m; cell R; about as long as its

petiole ; v3 strongly arcuated or angulated at the point of

its departure from Cu,, cell M3 being much longer than its

petiole ; Cu, fused with M slightly before the fork of the

latter ; apical fusion of Cu, and lst A very slight.

First abdominal tergite dull yellow; remaining segments

dark brown, the posterior margins of the basal three or four

segments conspicuously dull yellow.

Hab. Madagascar.

Holotype, 3 , Tamatave, 1906 (A. Sauzier). B.M. 1906.

291;

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Trentepohlia madagascariensis is readily told from all

other regional species of the subgenus by the heavily spotted

wings.

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) metatarsatra, sp. n.

General coloration pale yellow; mesonotal prescutum

without stripes ; femora pale brown, the tips narrowly white ;

tibice white with a moderately broad brown ring beyond the

base; metatarsi black, the remainder of the tarsi pale brown ;

wings pale greyish yellow; veins pale brown.

Sex ?—Wing 7°8 mm.

The unique type is unfortunately in very poor condition,

yet the well-marked diagnostic characters are entirely suffi-

cient to enable the species to be recognized. The head and

most of the abdomen are lacking.

Mesothorax shiny light reddish yellow without darker

markings; scutellum and postnotum but slightly darker.

Pleuralight yellow. Halteres palethroughout. Of the legs,

only a single one of the anterior pair remains, the coxee and

trochanters are light yellow, the distal margin of the latter

blackened and produced into an acute tooth ; femora very

pale brown, passing into white (about 1°5 mm.) at the tips ;

tibiee with the extreme base (about 1 mm.) pale, followed by

an indistinct brown ring (about 4°5 mm.), the tips broadly

white (about 7°3 mm.) ; metatarsi black, paling into brown

42 Dr. C. P. Alexander on A/rican Crane-jlies

at the tips ; remainder of the tarsi pale brown; fore femora

with two or three scattered erect bristles; on the distal half

of the femora pairs of small erect bristles, including two at

the tip on the outer face. Wings with a pale greyish-yellow

tinge; stigma pale yellow; veins pale brownish yellow.

Venation: r inserted on R,,; about one-third its own

length before the fork of the latter ; cell 1s¢ My, closed,

m inserted between M,,. and M3.

Abdomen pale brownish yellow (terminal segments

broken).

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, sex ?, Oshogbo (Dr. T. F. G. Mayer).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1911. 422.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) albilatissima, sp. n.

Sex ?—Wing 10 mm.

Closest to 7. albilata, Alexander (Cameroun), differing as

follows: mouth-parts, excepting the distal palpal segments,

light yellow. Antennze with the two basal segments light

yellow, the first flagellar segment dark brown ; remainder of

the antennz broken. Head light fawn-brown.

Mesonotal prescutum shiny reddish, without stripes.

Pleura shiny reddish yellow. Legs with the tibie largely

white, the brown postbasal band (2°5 mm.) a little shorter

than the pale base (3°1 mm.), the latter somewhat more

extensive than the pale femoral tip (2 mm.); the tibial tips

very broadly (10°8 mm.) white, this occupying nearly the

distal two-thirds of the tibia; tarsi white ; the hind legs are

quite similar, but the white apices are even broader (13 mm.),

the entire tibia measuring 18°6 mm. Wings greyish sub-

hyaline, the tips indistinctly darkened. Venation: r inserted

on R,,3 nearly its own length before the fork of the latter ;

m at the fork of Ry,; and J/,,.; basal deflection of Cu, just

befork the fork of 1.

Abdomen broken.

Hab. Gold Coast.

Holotype, sex ?, Aburi, 1912-1913 (W. H. Patterson).

Type im the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The very narrow brown tibial ring will readily distinguish

this fly from its near relative, 7. (M.) albilata.

in the British Muscum. 43

Subgenus PaRAMoNGOMA, Brunetti.

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) nigeriensis, sp. n.

General coloration uniform pale brown, the pleura more

yellowish; legs pale brown, the distal tarsal segments whitish ;

wings pale greyish subhyaline ; r+ far before the fork of R,_3.

Female.—Length about 4°5 mm. ; wing 4°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown.

Head brown.

Mesonotum uniformly pale brown, the pleura more

yellowish. Halteres brown. Legs with the coxe and tro-

chanters brownish yellow ; remainder of the legs pale brown,

on the distal tarsal segments passing into dull whitish.

Wings pale greyish subhyaline; veins brown. Venation:

Sc moderately long, the space on costa between Sc, and R,;

a little more than half the length of 7; 7 on R,,3 about two-

thirds its length before the fork of the latter; R, a little

longer than 7; cell Ist M, closed ; basal deflection of Cr,

before the fork of M, the fusion of Cu, and MW about equal

to m; cell Cu widely open, the space along the wing-margin

about equal to vein Cw, alone.

Abdomen dark brown, the genital segment and valves of

the ovipositor more yellowish, the tergal valves very strongly

upeurved.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, ° , Akassa, May 5, 1910 (Dr. J. J. Simpson),

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

DONO 222.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History):

This new species may be told from the related T. ramisiana,

Riedel (British East Africa), by the position of the radial

cross-vein and other venational details.

Subgenus TRENTEPOHLIA, Bigot.

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) inflata, sp.-n.

Antennal scape dark brown, the flagellum paie brownish

yellow ; mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with three

darker brown stripes; wings comparatively narrow, with the

costal margin near the origin of As conspicuously dilated ;

cell R, small, nearly triangular; brown wing-pattern

extensive.

Female.—Length about 4°8 mm. ; wing 4°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennal scape dark

44 On African Crane-jlies in the British Museum.

brown, the flagellum pale brownish yellow, the distal

segments a little darker. Head dark brown.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum reddish

brown, darker medially and with three darker brown stripes ;

scutum with the lobes dark brown, the median area paler ;

scutellum projecting, dark brown ; postnotum dark. Pleura

indistinctly striped longitudinally with whitish on a dark

brown background, the pale stripe lying just above the bases

of the coxee. Halteres brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs

with the coxe larger than is usual in this genus, dark brown,

the tips paler; trochanters dark brown; remainder of the

legs broken, Wings rather long and narrow, the costal

region just beyond the origin of Rs curiously dilated, this

enlargement ending opposite Sc,; wings pale, subhyaline,

the wing-base infuscated, continued as a cloud along vein Cu

to its fork ; a very large brown area occupies the region of

the costal dilation, including almost all of cell lst R,,

excepting only a small rounded hyahne spot beneath Sc, and

the extreme tip of the cell; this band also traverses cell 2

to vein M and continues along the cord to the wing-margin,

connected broadly across vein R,,; plus M,,. with the outer

blotch which appears as a broad seam along vein Ry that is

continued across cell R; and the fork of Ry,; plus M,,.;

the outer end of cell R, and vein R, are narrowly seamed

with brown ; veins yellow, dark brown in the darkened areas.

Venation: 7 is almost in alignment with /, and the outer

section of 2,,3, this latter being very long, about twice as

long as R, or the basal section of A,,3; R, is almost straight

and subperpendicular to the end of /,,3, giving to cell A,

a triangular appearance.

Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments, especially the

sternites, indistinctly ringed with obscure yellow, this colour

embracing both the basal and caudal margins of the

segments. Ovipositor normal for this subgenus, the valves

reddish horn-coloured.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 2 , Yaba, Lagos, April 8, 1910 (Dr. J. J. Simpson).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1910. 222.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History ).

This very small Trentepohlia is remarkable in the costal

dilation of the wings. It will be interesting to learn to what

extent this character is developed in the male.

[To be continued. ]

On new Cyprinoid Fishes from Alysore. 45

II.—Some new Species of Cyprinoid Fish from Mysore.

By C. R. Narayan Rao, M.A., University of Mysore,

Bangalore.

(Plates I. & TI.]

THe material described in this paper was collected from the

Cauvery in Seringapatam, the Thunga in Shimoga, and

from the local tanks, chiefly during the summer recess of

1917-18. In the course of a visit paid to the northern

and south-western parts of Coorg in the colder months of

the latter year, a very large number of examples was

procured from several interesting sources. Through the

courtesy of Dr. N. Annandale, to whom my thanks are due,

I was enabled to examine the collections, at present avail-

able, of Garra, Botia, and Nemachilichthys belonging to the

Zoological Survey of India in the Indian Museum. To

that distinguished ichthyologist, Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri, I am

deeply indebted for the numerous acts of help, which I have

received from him.

Before proceeding to describe my examples, which belong

to the three genera (arra, Botia, and Nemachilichthys, I

propose to add a brief discussion regarding the use of the

term Garra in preference to Discognathus. In his pre-

liminary publication on ‘The Genera of Fishes’ *, Jordan

proposes the revival of the old (generic) name of Garrat,

originally applied by Hamilton Buchanan to that group of

Cyprinine Fishes still included by some authors under

Hickle’s denomination of Discognathus. On resumption

of its labours, the International Congress of Zoology is

bound to discuss the whole question of ichthyological

taxonomy, and it is more than probable that Jordan’s

recommendations, which are based on recent use by nume-

rous writers, will be upheld. In view of the vicissitudes to

which the generic and specific terms are frequently subjected

by systematic writers, it is very desirable that some sort

of stability be secured for the zoological nomenclature, as

otherwise there is bound to Le a great deal of confusion to

the future investigators. There can be little doubt that

Hamilton Buchanan employed the term Cyprinus { in a

broad sense comprising a very large number of fish, though

* 1917. Jordan, ‘The Genera of Fishes’ (Stanford University, Cali-

fornia), p. 116.

t 1822, Hamilton Buchanan, Fish. Ganges, pp. 348, 398.

7 1822. Id. op. cit. p. 256.

46 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

with very little generic affinity ; and obviously, im any

modern systematic work on Fishes, his term Cyprinus

would correspond in regard to inter-relationships to the

subfamily Cyprinine * (family Cyprinide). It is also evi-

dent that this must have been his meaning, for he employs

“ Divisions ” within his ‘ genus” Cyprinus, and these

“Divisions,” though not strictly defined, yet bring together

forms of fish which are nearly allied to each other and

whose common characteristics undoubtedly constitute the

basis of the “ Divisions.” The common name given by

Buchanan to each of these “ Divisions”’ is founded on some

vernacular appellations; and the conclusion cannot be

resisted that Buchanan’s “ Divisions ” therefore correspond

to the “ genera” of modern systematic ichthyologists.

Accordingly, “ Cyprinus garra”’ ft is only used by its

author as a generic designation for Garra itself, which in-

cludes a number of stone carps. This position is perfectly

tenable, and the species Cyprinus lamta ( Discognathus lamta),

which Buchanan describes as a Cyprinus of the Garra kind

with four tendrils, should be obviously written Garra

lamta, H. B.{. Giinther§ regards this term as “an odd

compound” without any claim to anything like an artificial

or natural genus, and he is opposed to Bleeker’s || adoption

of what he calls a barbarous denomination (Garra) in

preference to the more classical term Discognathus. Now,

it was inevitable that, with the literature available to

Buchanan §, and having to deal with a quantity of material

under the circumstances in which he worked, he should

have proposed a scheme of classification which rather

appears, to later investigators more fortunately placed, to

suffer from certain defects of terminology. Neither this

fact nor the other one—viz., that Garra is not a latinised

term—will deprive Buchanan of the authorship of a valid

genus capable of being used for all scientific taxonomic

purposes. Besides Bleeker, who, in following Buchanan,

employed Garra as a generic term for the description of a

stone carp from Ceylon** (Garra ceylonensis, Blkr.), Day

* 1889, Day, Fauna Brit. Ind., Fishes, 1. p. 288.

+ 1822. H. Buchanan, op. cit. p. 348.

{ 1919. Records Ind. Mus, vol. xvi. pt. i. p. 180 (Dr. Annandale

regards Day, and not Buchanan, as the author of lama).

§ 1868. Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus., Fishes, vii. p. 68.

\| 1864. Bleeker. Mehn, Soc. Holland, Harlam, Cobit. & Cyprin. Ceylon,

p- 8.

€ 1918. Chaudhuri, Journ. & Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xiv. no. 6,

p- exly.

** 1864, Bleeker, op. cit. p. 8, and 1864. Zool, Rec. Pisces, p. 171.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 47

also adopted it far more widely for a similar purpose in

dealing with fish of the Garra kind mainly from the

Malabar area of the Peninsular India. Garra malabarica”,

Day, Garra alta t, Day, and Garra jerdoni t, Day, are some

of his examples. Bleecker and Day are not, however, the

only authors who recognised the genus Garra, for Stein-

dachner § among the Germans had also employed it,

regarding lamta as its type-species. Another species of

Garra, also referred to by this author, is Garra gotyla, Gray ||.

Aniong the more recent writers on the subject, we find

Fowler (G. borneensis) {| and Berg (G. persica) ** recognising

the valid term Garra of Buchanan, though there are a few

who still try to revive the obsolete name of Discognathus +f.

Platycara {{, Gonorhynchus §§. and Mayoa |||| have been also

employed as generic terms by certain systematists, and some,

at any rate, are now treated practically as synonymous

with Discognathus. McClelland simply regarded that his

Platycara is synonymous with Gray’s Balitora4 4. The

eligibility of the generic term Gonorhynchus, which was

introduced by Scopoli into the Linnean nomenclature, is,

however, disputed as not conforming to the Linnean Code,

since no type was indicated by Scopoli while introducing

the generic title into the binomial terminology. Still

Jerdon freely used this generic term in his description of

certain Cyprinine fish from 8S. India, such as Gonorhynchus

mcClellandi, Jer., Gon. gotyla, Jer., and Gon. stenorhynchus,

Jer.***, Of the three generic terms Gonorhynchus (1763),

Garra (1822), and Platycara (1838), Giinther (1868) rejects

the first and treats the latter two denominations as synony-

mous with Jiscognathus (1843). Mayoa (1869), being of

later date, is not referred to by him. As Dr. Annandale

informs me, it is possible that on the basis of anatomical

characters two distinct genera may have ultimately to be

recognised, and in that case the more appropriate generic

* 1865. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 297, and 1865. Fishes, Malabar, p. 205,

+ 1867. Id. tom. cit. p. 349.

t 1867. Id. loc. cit.

§ 1867, F. Steindachner, SB, Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lvi. i. p. 36.

|| 1867. Id. loc. cit.

4] 1905. Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol. lviii. p. 482,

** 1913. Berg, Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersburg, vol. xviii. p. 1xi.

tt 1914. Regan (Discognathus wane), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii,

p- 263, fig. A.

{{ 1838. McClelland, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii. no. 6, p. 944.

§§ 1763. Gronow Zoophylaceum.

||| 1869. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 553.

4|*| 1888. McClelland, tom. cit. p. 947.

*** 1849, T.C, Jerdon, Madras Journ, Lit. Sci. no. 35, pp. 309-10.

48 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

name will be Garra for the species occurring in Baluchistan,

India, Burma, Malayan Peninsula, and perhaps Borneo,

while Discognathus, if it is established to be generically

distinct from Garra, may be confined to species met with

in N.E. Africa, Arabia, Asia Minor, and Persia. In settling

all questions relating to terminology, the law of priority

has been relied upon usually as a safe guiding principle, and,

if any valid generic term conforms to the Linnean Code,

there is no sufficient reason why it should be suppressed or

the law of priority itself ignored. If the matter of accep-

tance or rejection of any term should, however, become

purely arbitrary, then, as Jordan states, there can be no

finality in such a case. There is therefore every justifi-

cation for the general adoption of Buchanan’s generic

designation of Garra, which, as has been pointed out already,

has been used as such by Bleeker, Steindachner, Day,

Fowler, and Berg more prominently. I also agree with

Jordan that /amta* is the type of the genus Garra, since

it has been regarded by Buchanan as the representative

species for his “ Division Cyprinus garra,” and also being

the first species described by him under this genus. I

accordingly use the term Garra in the place of Discognathus,

which I think is the correct procedure, at least so far as one

has to deal with forms occurring within the Indian Empire,

Ceylon, and Malayan Peninsula.

Buchanan’s description of his Division Cyprinus garra is

too brief and bald to be of any definitive value, and, having

examined the somewhat rich material f in the Indian

Museum, collected from various localities, and my own

examples taken in equally interesting sources, I consider

that the generic definition of Garra (Discognathus, part.),

given by Giinther and Day, requires revision—at least, in

certain particulars. I proceed to append the following

diagnosis, which I must state is applicable strictly to forms

occurring within the limits prescribed above :—

Subfamily Crrrryry2.

Genus Garra, Hamilton Buchanan (1822).

1763. Gonorhynchus, Gronow (rejected).

1888, Platycara, McClelland.

1843. Discognathus (part.), Hackel.

1864, Discognathus et Lissorhynchus, Bleeker.

1869. Mayoa, Day.

* 1917. Jordan, op. cit. p. 115, & 1868. Giinther, tom. cit. p. 68.

+1918. Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xiv. p. 45. Ifthe specimens of

Discognathus, belonging to the collection of the Indian Museum now

held up in Budapest, were also available, our position in regard to

several species would have been certainly very much clearer.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 49

Stone carps with a cylindrical or subcylindrical body,

covered by scales either moderate or large*. Head never

large, snout rounded, bearing mucous pores or spiny

tubercles, chiefly in adult males, with or without a pro-

tuberance between or outside each nostril +. Mouth veutral

crescentic with both lips well developed, the upper usually

fringed and the lower invariably developed into a powerful

adhesive disk {; barbels short, usually four, sometimes

only two or absent §. Pharyngeal teeth uncinate, in three

closely approximate rows—2, 4, 5/5, 4, 2 or 5, 3, 1/1, 3, 5.

Dorsal fin without osseous ray, upper margin slightly

emarginate or deeply notched, commencing in front of the

ventrals. Pectorals always horizontal, rarely exceeding the

length of the head. Anal scales not generally differentiated.

Distribution.—Fresh-water forms inhabiting tanks, rivers,

and hill-streams throughout the Indian Empire, Ceylon,

Malayan Peninsula, and Borneo.

Synopsis of species of Garra collected up till now in the

Mysore State and Coorg (S. India) :— 5

Garra lamta, H. B.

Garra jerdonia, Day.

Garra stenorhynchia, Jerdon.

Garra jerdonia brevimentalia, var. n., Rao.

Garra platycephala, sp. 0., Rao.

Garra bicornuta, sp. n., Rao.

OUR 8 to

SysTeMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES.

1. Garra lamta, H. B.

1822. Cyprinus lamta, H. Buchanan, op. cit. pp. 843, 393,

1841. Chondrostoma muillya, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soe. i. p. 859.

1868. Discognathus lamta, Giinther, op. cit. p. 69.

1869. Mayoa modestus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 553.

1871. Discognathus modestus, Day, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, (2) xi.

p. 108.

1878. Discognathus lamta, Day, Fish. Ind. Text. vol. ii. p. 527.

* Garra borneana, Vaill., and_G. bicornuta, sp. n., Rao, have larger

scales than most Indian species.

t Two protuberances so far known only in G. bicornuta, Rao.

{ Feebly marked in G. adisca, Annan. Rec. Ind. Mus, 1919, vol. xvi.

p. 68. This is a very variable structure, whose degree of development

depends on the conditions amidst which the species lives.

§ G. imberbia, Vincig., from Burma, has no barbels (Ann. Mus,

Genova, 1889, (2) ix. (xxix.) p. 281); and G. variadilia, Hick., has

only two, perhaps occurring within the limits of the Indian Empire

(Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, (n. s.) il. p. 8 (1906)).

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 4

50 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

1890. Discognathus lamta, Vinciguerra, Ann, Mus. Genova, (2) ix.

pp. 275-279.

1909. Discognathus lamta, Jenkins, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii. p. 290.

1913. Discognathus lamta, Annandale, Journ. & Proc. As. Soc. Bengal,

(i.js;) ix. p. a0:

1919. Discognathus lamta, id. Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 181.

1919. Discognathus kangre, Prashad, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 168.

This is perhaps the commonest species of Garra in the

tanks and rivers of Mysore and Coorg, and also the one

which exhibits extremes of individual variability. The

mental disk, the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins, and eyes

are chiefly affected by the modifying influences like still

water or rapid forrents, shallow rock pools, or deep cavernous

pits in the beds of rivers. This circumstance, together

with the variability of scales and perhaps want of fresh or

well-preserved specimens from widely different localities,

must largely account for the differences of opinion regarding

lamta. Dr. Annandale* writes: “I give Day and not

Buchanan as the author of the former (D. lamta), because

it is impossible to be sure as to the species to which

Buchanan first applied the name Cyprinus lamta.” And

again he writes: ‘‘ But there is some doubt as to whether

Buchanan’s Cyprinus lamta was not rather the form called

D. modestus by Day and Platycara nasuta by McClelland ” *.

There can be no doubt as to the indications which

Buchauan has left behind him in regard to what he meant

by /amta. In his manuscript drawings there is figure of

lamta, though the name written by Buchanan, in his own

handwriting, is Cyprinus godiyari. In his notes on Bhagalpur

District, published in vol. xx. of the Statistical Account of

Bengal, he refers to this C. godiyari, and further in his

notes on Gorakpur District (p. 105) he mentions that

the C. godiyari of Bhagalpur is the same as C. lamia of

Gorakpur.

Accordingly, there can be no doubt whatsoever as to what

Buchanan’s C. lamta is, as described in his ‘ Fishes of the

Ganges’ (1822). It may be further stated that the MSS.

drawing referred to is the protograph}, and having com-

pared the descriptions of Buchanan and of Day, with the

help of the material in the Indian Museum and in my own

collection, I arrive at the conclusion that the lJamta of Day

is identical with the damta of Buchanan.

* 1919. Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. pp. 180, 181.

+ I am indebted to Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri for this information. In an

addendum to his paper “ On the Fish of the Genus Discognathus”’ (Rec.

Ind. Mus. vol. xviii. p. 77, 1919) Dr. Annandale briefly discusses the

same point, and acknowledges information to the same authority.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 51

Further, Day’s /amta is considered to be the same as his

modestus by Jenkins *, with whom I entirely agree. Dr.

Annandale +, however, regards the latter, possibly on the

basis of six anal fin-rays, as synonymous with McClelland’s

nasutus, thus agreeing with Giinther in assigning it the

rank of a separate species in opposition to Day. In dis-

cussing the specific distinctions of masutus, Dr. Annandale ¢

notices that a greatly enlarged adhesive organ (c), and the

simple and flattened outer pectoral rays (e), form exclusive

characters, and [ may point out that several examples of

lamta obtained from the rapid streams, like the Harangi in

Coorg, show these very characters, which accordingly may be

disregarded. Then the other character—viz., six anal fiii-

rays on which Day separates his /amta and jerdoni from

modestus—is uniformly common in several examples of

lamta, both in. my collection and in that of the Indian

Museum, and I may state that this is also the experience of

Jenkins. The other specific characters mentioned by Day

for his modestus, as Jenkins has pointed out, also break

down when a very large number of examples of /amta from

widely different localities are examined, and, as Iam unable

at present to discover any sufficient ground for separating

Day’s modestus from his lamta, I have in this paper treated

the former as synonymous with Buchanan’s /amta. Iu the

absence of more material than is available at present in the

Indian Museum, it is difficult to say whether nasudus is only

a local race of damta or a tiew species.

1 rewrite the formula for Garra lamta of its fin-rays and

lateral transverse rows of scales thus :—

et ( 223: .9/850) 9 Pr ia. Vv.) A. 6-7 (1-2/5),

T1710) wlio. S0267, ie tr 442/344

(1) Specimens with spine-covered mucous glands on the

snout are not peculiar to the Salt Range in the Punjab or

the Chumba District §; they commonly occur in Mysore

and Coorg.

(2) The occurrence of a spiny protuberance is a purely

secondary sexual character.

(3) A greatly enlarged mental disk and an expansive

pectoral fin, with a larger number of simple rays, are

associated with forms occurring in the rapid streams.

* 1909. Jenkins, op. cit. p. 292.

T 1919. Annandale, Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi. p. 152.

£1919. Id. op. cit. p. 138.

§ Day, Fishes—Fauna, Brit. Ind. vol. i, p. 246,

52 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

(4) Younger specimens possess an interesting scheme of

coloration, in which the orange is confined to the fins more

often than not*.

The description of D. kangre} suffers from certain

defects—for example, the number of caudal fin-rays is not

indicated, and it is not clear whether or uot the length of

the caudal fin is included in the total length of the body.

The dorsal profile behind the dorsal fin is described as

being slightly concave and the upper lip as being fairly

broad. ‘These descriptions do not conform to the proto-

graph. I have examined the type and syntypes of this

species in the Indian Museum, and find that the lateral and

transverse series of scales—viz., 35 and 4/34 respectively—

are correctly represented in the text-figure, and not 34 and

4/5 as stated in the description. The caudal fin-rays are

19. The reasons for considering kangre as a separate

species by its author are—(1) the proportions of the different

parts of the body, (2) the shape and size of mental disk,

(8) the situation of ihe eye, and (4) the shape of the tail

and dorsal fin. As I have already stated that characters

2 and 4 are very variable among lamta, it would be

risky to consider them to be of specific importance, The

measurements of kangre I have taken are as follows

(measurements in hundredths of total length without caudal

fin) :—

kangre. lamta.

mm. mm

Total length without caudal fin .... 95 95

Depth-or bpdys.;> Ox tege isso eee 22°1 22°6

Depth of caudal peduncle.......... 12°6 12°7

Depth of head at occiput .......... 189 19°1

Jueng thyof head: <).). sitcom. ses eette 24°1 23°6

Width of interorbital space ........ 16°7 169

Lengthcof snouts, sedate clecte ates 13°6 13:0

Diameter of orbit? ci. <() ce save aoe 4:2 4:2

Length of caudal peduncle ........ 17°8 17-9

Tt will be seen from the above measurements of the two

species (I have taken a well-preserved Jamta of the same

size for comparison) that the only real pomt of difference

between lamta and kangre is the relative length of head,

which, I consider, is too insufficient a basis for founding a

new species upon. Till more material is forthcoming, when

* Vide description of Garra malabarica, Day, ‘Fishes of Malabar,’

p. 206, pl. xv. fig. 1. This is the usual coloration of younger forms of

G. lamta, which fades in the preserving fluids.

+ 1919. Prashad, op. cit. text-tigs. p. 164.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 53

kangre may perhaps be considered as a variety of lamta, I

propose to treat kangre as synonymous with /amta. It is

needless to observe that the other differences in the measure-

ments must be due to conditions of preservation, food, and

maturity of the specimens. The formula of rays and scales

for kangre is almost the same as for lamta*.

2. Garra jerdonia, Day.

1878. Discognathus jerdon’, Day, Fish Ind. Text. ii. p. 528.

1909. Discognathus jerdont, Jenkins, Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. iti. p. 291.

1919. Discognathus jerdoni, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvi.

p: l3d2:

1919. Discognathus jerdoni, Annandale, Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. xvii. p. 73,

pl. ix. figs. 1, 2, and pl. xi. fig. 3.

My specimens of jerdonia have been taken chiefly in the

rapidly running waters of the Cauvery, both in the Mysore

State and Coorg. Having examined a fairly large collec-

tion of this species, I think it is impossible to maintain with

Giinther that it is identical with /amta. As Dr. Annandale

proposes to discuss this and the following species in his

forthcoming paper, I content myself here with recording

their occurrence in Mysore, hoping for a future opportunity

for offering such remarks on them as may be called for.

3. Garra stenorhynchia, Jerdon.

1849. Gonorhynchus stenorhynchus, Jerdon, Mad. Journ, Lit. Sci.

1919. Discognathus stenorhynchus, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. xvii.

pl. ix. fig. 3, pl. xi. fig. 4.

Jerdon’s account of this species, obtained in the Bhavani

River (foot of the Nilgiri Hills) and the streams of Malabar,

is absolutely brief. My specimens, which were obtained

from the rocky pools in the Cauvery (Seringapatam), show

a relatively larger internasal protuberance studded with

spiny mucous pores, the upper lip thick and suctorial, the

upper surface of the head proportionately much broader, and

a greatly enlarged mental disk.

* T have, since writing the above, noticed that kangre, Prashad, is

regarded by Dr. Annandale (1919, op. cit. p. 74) as a subspecies of jerdone.

“This form seems to be no more than a local race of D. jerdont, Day,

distinguished by its longer head and smaller eye.” I consider, for the

reasons given above, that it is more correct to treat it as a subspecies of

lamta.

54 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

4. Garra jerdonia brevimentalia, var. n.

(Pl. I. figs. lar:

I propose to describe this variety in detail, and later

briefly indicate the points of difference between it and the

foregoing species, G. jerdonia, Day.

D: 11 (2/9). P. 12-13. Ve10) A. 80/7) eae re:

L. 1.32. L. tr. 5-52/24-4 *,

The body is cylindrical, the ventral surface rather broad,

compressed behind the vent. The dorsal profile in front of

the dorsal fin is distinctly convex and, behind it, gently

slopes towards the caudal fin. The ventral profile in front

of the ventral fin is equally convex. The height of the body

in front of the dorsal fin is contained slightly more than

32 times in the total length without the caudal fin, and the

depth of the caudal peduncle at its narrowest part is less

than 72 in the total length. The head is small compara-

tively, and its length is contained nearly 44 times in the

total length, and the depth at the occiput is exactly 52 times

in the total length. ‘The upper profile of the head gently

slopes down to tip of snout. The eyes, placed in the middle

of the head, are small, whose diameter is three in the inter-

orbital distance, which is broader than the length of snout.

The interorbital space is convex or slightly flat. The snout

is obtuse, very faintly grooved between the nostrils, covered

with open mucous pores, which are rather small. ‘The

upper lip is large and fringed, the mental disk is sub-

triangular, the labial fold being nearly as wide as the

cartilaginous pad. Both folds are granular. ‘The anterior

barbels equal the posterior ones, or are only slightly longer.

The chest nearly free from scales+. A very large obtuse

angle is formed by the opercular folds with the mental disk.

The length of the pectoral fin equals the distance between

its anterior root and tip of snout, which also equals the

longest dorsal fin-ray. The longest anal and ventral fin-rays

nearly equal. The caudal peduncle merges insensibly mto

the root of the caudal fin, which is lobed. The upper lobe

nearly always longer than the ventral lobe. The colora-

tion is variable. Uniform reddish all over, with the lower

surface of snout and mental disk redder, or uniform olive-_

green, somewhat clouded darker on the back. A dark

* 42 shown in the protograph is incorrect.

+ 1913. Annandale, Journ. Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. ix. no. 1, p. 37.

This condition is certainly different from the undescribed Manipur

form referred to by Dr. Annandale.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. Do

pectoral spot. Sides in the green forms are bright yellow,

fading into paler yellow on the ventral surface. A dark

streak along the middle of the caudal fin and the outer

margin of the pectoral and anterior margin of the dorsal

fins, somewhat bronzed.

Measurements”* in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

mm,

Total length without caudal fin............ 85

Depth oft body, oe... sess oar remot ciate «oe « 25

Depth of caudal peduncle ..............5. 12:9

Menotheat heady. .). 0) 1 nceceem ner: om eae 22°3

Depth of head ..... BS Rica Gl 23 4) cis aot 17°6

Interorbital space ......... Ecrie ae ; 10°5

Henetle Gian auibie Law. 2 ts weaeen retells se sisters 9-4

Wiameter Of Obit. Vue gees leer ne ceda 4°6

Distance from tip of snout to anterior end of

orca fin Poy ia wate remi vices sre aed, ¢ 47°5

Height of longest dersal ray .............. 20

Distance between tip of snout to root of pec-

WONG WAM esvares agit Neves Sehiry este asthe oa g bee 20

Menpthrof pectoral tims <a c.t. witsice cs oes se 20

Distance from tip of snout to vent ........ 70°5

Distance from tip of snout to anterior end of

VEMLEE TIMEY scleraat ciel steps, setae atten tha ast oO sia 59

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

SEILER EL Te meer reeeiie ate ict le) Sane gigi Tucra c/o onaht erste 75'2

Height of longest ventral fin-ray .......... 17°6

Height of longest anal fin-ray ............ 17-2

Length of caudal peduncle............0005 15:2

Length of longest caudal fin-ray .......... 22°3

Height of root of caudal fin .............. 13°5

Type-specimen.—Only six specimens were obtained in the

Harangi River (Madapur, Coorg), which is a very rapid

stream flowing over rocky beds. The type-specimen and

two syntypes have been forwarded to the British Museum

and two more to the Indian Museum. ‘The remaining one

is kept in the Central College Museum, Bangalore.

The several points of difference between jerdonia and

jerdonia brevimentalia may be summarised thus :—

(1) Eyes.—As measured in examples in my own collection

and those from the river Bhavani (S. India) and from

Kangra Valley (Punjab) belonging to the Indian Museum,

they are in jerdonia 33 to 4 in the length of the head and

one diameter from end of snout, and two diameters apart.

This is in accordance with Day al8o f.

* References to terminology employed in the measurements :—

1895. Boulenger, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. (2nd ed.) vol. i. pp. xi-xil:

1901. Jordan, Proc. M.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxiii. pp. 737-769.

t Day, Fauna of Brit. India, Fish. vol. i. p. 248,

56 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

In jerdonia brevimentalia, the eyes are more than four

times in the length of the head, 2 diameters from end of

snout, and 24 diameters apart.

(2) Mental disk.—In jerdonia, broadly subcireular, the

lower labial fold is just half the width of the central pad ;

chest covered with largish scales *.

In jerdonia brevimentalis, the metal disk is subtriangular,

the lower labial fold nearly equals the width of the pad.

Chest nearly free from scales (vide PI. I. fig. 1 a).

(3) Fins.—In jerdonia, the pectoral fin is shorter than the

dorsal, and the ventral shorter than the anal. In jerdonia

brevimentalia these sets are nearly equal, and the caudal fin

is proportionately longer.

(4) The other points refer to the number of fin-rays and

scales, which are summarised in the description of jerdonia

brevimentalis.

5. Garra platycephala, sp. n.

(Pl. I. figs. 2,2 a, 20.)

D. 10211 (1/9210: - Baas Vy. TO! A SB aiG 7):

C1920)" 1637-39. distr. 2a

The head, which is greatly flattened, slopes somewhat

abruptly towards the snout, and its length is about five

times in the total length without the caudal fin. The depth

of the head nearly equals its width behind the eyes. The

‘ snout is produced and may be rounded or acute. The

diameter of the eye is contained four times in the length of

the head, and is only half the interorbital space. It is also

less than half the length of snout. Knd of snout more or

less pinched off by a deep groove, which may extend on both

sides of the cheek, and both surfaces covered by fairly open

mucous pores. Anterior barbels nearly twice as long as the

posterior ones,which are hardly visible beyond the hinder labial

fold. The outer rays of the pectoral and pelvic fins, which

are nearly equal in length, are simple and greatly flattened.

The pectoral fin nearly as long as the head or the caudal

peduncle. The depth of the caudal peduncle is considerably

less than half the height of the longest dorsal fin-ray. The

chest is somewhat free from scales or only covered by feebly

developed ones. The caudal fin is deeply lobed, the upper

lobe being longer. e

The colour above is light olivaceous, slightly brownish on

the head. Upper part of snout pale blue or grey. Sides

of body yellow with a dark green lateral band. Ventral

* 1919, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. pl. xxvii. fig. 3.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 57

surface yellowish. Lower lobe of caudal fin clouded dark,

so also the outer margins of the paired fins. A blue pectoral

spot may or may not be present. This coloration of fresh

specimens fades in preserved forms,

Measurements in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

Total length without caudal fin ............ 118

Depth-of body” onan aes taavners Beste igs = Lene

Depth of caudal peduncle.............-...-. 10-1

Tengthrof head): 2 .s::'¢ 23 paetaeraaettet oe oetor 2s 20:2

Deptht of head. © ...)= rice emheberedsh< als: eveiexs 5 13°5

Width of head behind the eyes ............ 13:5

Ihengthiof snout; ...\cwncetecciitetee is vases + ee 18°8

Diameter of Gwbity). ttt arene tere ot att 5:08

Width of interorbital space ......... Fe earecae: 11:01

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Goran latins ec hayes c= ere te ie oie eiare ait « 42°3

Height of the longest dorsal fin-ray ........ 22°03

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

PECCORA Mace oka cies savelelnl clei stele ® sievsrels 19°4

Longest pectoral fin-vay .......5..-5+05- 18°6-20'1

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 56:7

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

SVSTERA ALLA Me tape ralintcs anes a\npatahaller Cyan, "aceve'd) sje Sieve el 46°6

Longest ventral fin-ray ..... 2.0. .00s cee 18°6-19°4

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

PUINGL LG HUTHS earebete eet hara, sisi vp ale shaogo ey os oo heparan 74:5

Peonmest Amal MM EAY eis e< sesus a) 6 wees osee ole '8« 152

henpth of caudal peduncle .........+...... 20°2

Woncesticaudal fim-Taye.. 2. cess eens so = 254

Height of root of caudal fin-ray ..........-- 118

Type-specimen.—Only three specimens of this fish are

included in my collection. The proterotype is sent to the

British Museum, and one of the syntypes is presented to the

Indian Museum, while the other is kept in the Central

College Museum, Bangalore.

Locality.—These specimens were collected in the Cauvery,

Seringapatam (Mysore), along with G. damta and G. steno-

rhynchia towards the summer of 1917.

6. Garra bicornuta, sp. n.

(Pl. I. figs. 3, 3a, 3d.)

Dal yada U7 uN. 8.8 (1/7)..6. 20.

hl gO 3 lea ls tr. Be 4/314.

The dorsal profile in front of the dorsal fin is broadly

convex, and behind the dorsal fin it is nearly horizontal or

only very gently slopes down to the caudal fin. The length

of the head, which is moderate, is contained slightly less than

d8 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

44 times in the total length without the caudal fin. The

greatest depth of body is considerably less than the height

of the longest dorsal fin-ray. The depth of the caudal

peduncle is contained five times in the distance between the

tip of snout and the anterior root of the anal fin. The eyes

are large, the diameter of which is contained 38°1 times in

the length of the head is more than half the length of

snout and is contained 1°5 times in the width of the inter-

orbital space. The upper profile of the eye is almost

conterminous with that of the protuberance in front of it, and

in old examples the tip of the protuberance is studded with

spiny mucous pores. The length of the protuberance is nearly

half the length of the snout or is 8/9 of the diameter of the

eye. From the anterior margin of the interorbital space,

there is a sudden, almost vertical drop. The internasal

portion forms almost a third protuberance, which is, how-

ever, sunk and which like the orbital processes is covered

anteriorly by tubercles. The snout below the nostrils is

again sunk and is marked off by deep grooves into four

tubercular areas, which are prominent. The anterior barbels

are nearly twice as long as the posterior ones. The mental

disk is moderate, and the central pad is about 1} times

broader than the lower labial fold, whose posterior margin is

nearly straight and at right angle to the long axis of the

body. The dorsal and caudal fins are deeply indented. The

pectoral and ventral fins are equal in length to the distance

between the snout and the anterior root of the former. The

anal fin is 14 times the depth of the caudal peduncle and is

longer than the paired fins. The length of the peduncle

is 2/3 of the longest caudal fin-ray. The upper lobe of the

caudal fin is much longer than the lower, and the longest ray

of the upper lobe may be quite as long as the longest dorsal

fin-ray. The outer pectoral and pelvic fin-rays are very

stout. The scales are large.

The colour of the older forms is somewhat uniform,

slightly reddish brown above, pale yellowish below. The

central pad of the disk is rufous, the lower labial fold dark,

relieved in front by a white semicircular collar. ‘The greater

portion of the paired fins is clouded dark, with brown hori-

zontal streaks in the middle of the caudal fin. In the

younger forms the prevailing colour is a warm olive-green

above, sides and ventral part yellow. The paired fins are

bright orange and the mental disk reddish, the other fins

light with brownish streaks. A lateral orange band is

occasionally present. Head frequently red or reddish brown

or grey.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 59

Measurements in hundredths .of total length without

caudal fin: —

Total length without caudal fin ........++.. 132

Depth of body |... stinscfeacte ts selec ds sees 26°5

Depth of caudal peduncle ...........+++++9- 15:1

Length of head ........cccseectenrssscees 21:7

Depth of heads.%, (2 Spectators 2a wenn se 19°6

Width of head behind the eyes ............ 159

Length’ of sn@tt .... jas. silbieepaers oto ©. wiopwS

Diameter of Orbits se wae eeleteres ore pe. ess 68

Width of interorbital space ......-....+.+6- 10°6

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Conga, fin 7 ci. s </ohtaver oer eek toreg eres rate one 45:4

Height of the longest dorsal fin-ray ........ 31:06

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

pectoral fim. 3c. serciemteye wieyee wie o/-nerhsie=e » 19°6

Longest pectoral fin-ray ...........0+s000- 19°6

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 69°6

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

METALL LET Pagehet «. eroke elle wets i's) hates tinue scene es 49-2

Longest ventral fin-ray ............eeeeeaes 19°6

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Cubeeraele FTO TA Netevaysl ore seuss sisi er ota <b oseieeie’s 757

Tonpescanmal GM=TAY a .ssi. wc! sires s cere aieine we 22°7

Length of caudal peduncle ............+4-. 18-4

Igangest caudal M-ray 2 is we cece ase ese 27°2-31:06

Height of root of caudal fin ..... Rate aes 14:4

Type-specimen.—Several examples of this’ species are in

the collection. The type and three co-types are sent to the

British Museum and a similar number of syntypes are

presented to the Indian Museum.

Locality.—They were obtained for the first time by my

collleague, Mr. A. Subba Rao, from the River Tunga in

Shimoga (Mysore State), towards the end of the summer

recess in 1917, aud have since been obtained by myself from

the same source.

Subfamily Cozrrrprvz.

Genus Borta.

The occurrence of loaches belonging to this genus in the

south of the Deccan has not been reported till now.

Dr. B. L. Chaudhuri has described not long ago two new

species of Botia—viz., B. birdi* and B. lohachata + obtained

from Rupar (the Punjab) and from the Gandak River, Bihar,

respectively, and the species described below is therefore

the first new one to be mentioned from S. India.

* 1909. Chaudhuri, Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. iii. p. 339,

t+ 1912. Id. op. cit. vol. vii. p. 441, pl. xl. fig. 2.

60 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

7. Botia striata, sp. n.

(PI. II. figs. 4, 4a, 45.)

D. 11-12 (2/9-10). P. 18-14. V. 8. A. 7-8 (1/6-7). C.19.

The body is greatly compressed laterally and the dorsal

profile in the front of the dorsal fin is a broad incline, which

becomes an abrupt descent from the eyes to the snout. The

depth of body is contained about 32 times in the total length

without the the caudal fin, and is only very slightly greater

than the length of head. The caudal peduncle is almost

squarish, being slightly deeper than long. The head is

greatly compressed, and its length is nearly equal to the

distance between the tip of snout and the anterior root of

pectoral fin. The width of head is just half its own depth.

The eyes are moderate, their diameter 1s contained five times

in the length of the head and is slightly more than half

the length of the suborbital spine. The spine is bifid at

the base. Barbels 8, subequal, the shortest pair being the

mandibular ones. The mouth is crescentic when shut and

is an oval aperture when open. The distance between the

angles of the mouth, if widely opened, is equal to the

diameter of the orbit. The upper lip overhangs the lower,

both somewhat thick and suctorial. The dorsal fin arises in

front of the root of the ventrals and both are behind the

middle point in the total length of body without the caudal

fin. The height of the dorsal fin is equal to the length of

the anal fin, and the ventral * is shorter than these two. The

length of the pectorals is less than twice the length of the

suborbital spine and is longer than the snout. The margin

of tne dorsal fin is entire, that of the dorsal fin is deeply

lobed, the lobes being equal. The anterior nostril is sur-

rounded by a very broad glandular fold, which covers the

posterior nares ; the opening of the latter is a wide funnel,

that of the former is a slit masked by the glandular lips of

the fold. Muciferous glands are few, present on the head

and on the sides of the operculum. The lateral line is entire

and straight, terminating anteriorly in the upper corner of

the gill-opening; is rarely continued forward by a row

of muciferous glands. Scales are absent on the head, oper-

culum, and chest. They are small and non-deciduous.

The colour of this loach is most beautiful. The body is

diversified by broad dark and narrow yellow bands, which

from behind the nape form oblique hoops directed back-

wards; these bands completely surround the body. The

* In fig. 4 the ventral fin is slightly exaggerated, so also is the

lower lobe of the caudal fin.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 61

broad dark bands may bear light streaks of variable number,

forming complete or incomplete hoops. ‘These narrow white

bands may be broken into small elegant dots. This beautiful

pattern may be on a background of a pale pink or a deep

yellow. These two primary types of dark and yellow bands

are broader on the sides of the head and are directed

obliquely forwards. On the upper surface of the head, the

dark and yellow streaks form a trident mark. The posterior

part of the caudal peduncle may be clouded by a deep

bronze, which obscures occasionally the scheme of bands and

dots. The chest is somewhat greenish in freshly captured

specimens, fading almost into a white in the preserving

fluids. The fins are white and are barred, the caudal fin

bearing two entire and two to three interrupted stripes.

The whole scheme of striation on the body is suggestive

more of the zebra.

Measurements in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

mm.

Total length without caudal fin ............ 70

WemthyOn VOR ya Siac cays Setets he ayar'e 4% ayes. sha ate, « 29°5

Depthyor caudal peduncle. 2... 5... cf ejs om aut < Mek

MMETIOT DT OMMMORGS, socre a.a eieralal evsiale ai te vsats, ere aFaithe 28°5

MNS PURE OR CMs arse east ateratetet sed oS cen lois os 22°8

Width of head behind eyes ................ 11-4

eng Th OKsnOubys arate ot Asioe sidiaeoe sate de en 15:7

Diameter of orbit ...... Belo icic he Dt Oe A 57

Width of interorbital space (measured over

CHG ULC My OM HEAG pace tere ce « os caved + ae af Shs 14°2

Width of interorbital space (measured across

1iVe0 9) eee acum he entre re Be ease cine aes 95

WS OCHY Of rome spire siete cica cre hicta Aichals aisha xi (Ga

* Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

DIGTEE Ie re cine entacs hes) DOO St ae ote 3 571

Height of longest dorsal fin- SEA Voreeretsders Saldana 14:2

Distance from, tip of snout to anterior root of

BGC UCLA LOIN a supe caine wae oe isles Atul 28'5

Wongest pectoral in-ray 26.0006 sleet 18°5

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 74:2

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Bier thet Mohit inert gal sek ethene rate Psuararsien of Seas sae tye oe 62:9

Hongest ventral hn-raiyiss sites auie wlan ore 0 13°5

Distance from snout to anterior roet of anal fin 85°7

Mongestianal shin -rary yes 0's «aoe ere ebe ctaere 14:2

Length of caudal peduncle ................ 166

Hongestrcaudall fstay ..cs sc vse nus sls ues 25:7

eight of root of caudalstin 21:07) fae = soe. ome Lyi!

Type-specimen.—T here are eleven specimens in the collec-

tion. The type and four more examples are sent to the

British Museum and four presented to the Indian Museum.

The rest is kept in the Central College Museum, Bangalore.

62 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on

Locality.—These loaches have been obtained in the River

Thunga, Shimoga Town, Mysore State, South India.

Genus NEMACHILICHTHYS.

It is rather doubtful whether the species called by Sykes

Cobitis ruppelu* is identical with Day’s Nemachilichthys

rueppellit. The type of this species, described by Day, is in

the Indian Museum, and is not in a condition for a detailed

examination. One has to supplement therefore very largely

from his figure, which, however, is a protograph. Sykes

gives the following formula for his C. ruppelli : —

CT) D138 (112). Pes PVE O Sa Some. hon ane

(2). DTS" (2/14). Rs. V8. SRA ao). © ..bo, ais

Day’s diagnosis. ~

The coloration of Sykes’s figure has nothing whatever to

do with Day’s rueppelli, though his description is quite

different. It is further mentioned by Sykes that his species

is nearly cylindrical, scaleless, not much thicker than a

large goose-quill, and from two or three inches long. Day’s

specimen is slightly under three inches, and does not fit in

with the above description. Sykes mentions that the dorsal

fin in his specimen of ruppelli is longer than any except the

caudal, and in Day’s specimen it is certainly shorter than

the anal also. Then, the tail-fin in C. ruppelli ¢ is described

as “rather notched than forked,” while in Day’s type it is

deeply forked. I have for these reasons some hesitation in

regarding that Day was correct in thinking that Coditis

ruppeli is ideutical with N. rueppelli.

8. Nemachilichthys shimogensis, sp. nu.

(PIA ID fies. '5, 5.@,"51b:)

D. 14 (2/12))* PAY2413.4 Vii8.)-AS7(2/5) "76, 20:

The dorsal profile in front of the dorsal fin is horizontal

up to the upper margin of the eyes, and the profile of the

head in front of the eyes is a steep incline. The upper

surface of the body is, in fresh and well-preserved specimens,

excavated by two trough-like depressions, the anterior

between the dorsal fin and the occiput, and the posterior one

from the dorsal fin to the end of caudal peduncle. On the

* 1841. Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. p. 366, pl. Ixiv. fig. 1.

+t 1878. Day, Fish. Ind. p. 612, pl. clvi. fig. 7.

t Sykes’s ruppelli may be some local variety of Cobitis cilturis (should

be biltur’) H. B. or Cobitis botius H. B. (Fish Ganges, pp. 350, 394), for

Sykes himself acknowledges close affinity between his Mureh (ruppell?)

and Hamilton and Buchanan’s bilturz.

new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore. 63

ventral surface there are similarly two deep grooves, one

between the base of the ventral and anal fins, and the second

between the latter and the root of the caudal fin. The depth

of body is contained 52 times in the total length without the

caudal fin. The dorsal surface of head is convex and its

length is contained about four times in the total length.

The depth of head is less than half its length, and its width

behind the eyes is contained slightly more than 24 times in

the cephalic length. End of snout blunt and elevated, and

its length is more than half the length of head. The upper

surface of head is also convex. The lumen of the mouth

when shut is horseshoe-shaped ; its upper lip produced into

a forward fleshy fold and the lower lip divided into two

fleshly protuberances. The barbels (six) are subequal, thick

at the Dase, and flagellate towards the tips. The eyes are

directed upwards and their diameter is 3 in the length of

snout aud they are less than one diameter apart. The

nostrils are separated by a glandular fold, which, reflected

back, covers the posterior nares. On both sides of the

snout there is a fairly deep muciferous canal or groove,

which arises near the tip of snout and may stop in front of

the eyes or may be continued below and behind them.

Muciferous glands are few, scattered on the snout and head.

The perpendicular from the first dorsal fin-ray passes through

the middle point in the total length without the caudal fin,

aud the height of the dorsal ray equals the pectoral. The

ventral fin is equal to either of these or is shorter. The

longest anal ray exceeds the length of the caudal peduncle.

The depth of the caudal peduncle is less than its own length,

and corresponds to the width of head behind the eyes. The

tail-fin is deeply forked, the two lobes being equal. The

longest tail fin-ray is shorter than the distance between the

tip of snout to anterior root of pectoral fin. The scales are

small and non-deciduous, absent on the head, chest, and

nearly the whole abdomen. ‘The lateral line is entire and is

somewhat concave in the anterior half of the body.

The colour is a beautiful orange with brown bars, con-

tinuous dorsally and descending to the ventral margin of the

body. A few shorter intermediate bars also present. The

unbroken bands being from 15 to 20. The dorsal fin is

barred and the black dots thrown into relief by a white

edge below each. The caudal fin is chevrotained with brown.

An almost ocellus-like blue spot in the middle of the root of

the tail-fin. Head in freshly captured specimens is brownish

or reddish. Throat is white, and the whole of the abdominal

surface 1s orange.

64 On new Cyprinoid Fishes from Mysore.

Measurements in hundredths of total length without

caudal fin :—

mm.

Total length without caudal fin ............ 85

Depth of body cc.c ucts seo eee es crea L726

Depth of caudal peduncle......05........-: 10-0

Weng th jot ead) etm a. crete serie cies nema tore 25:2

Depth of headiy hy wes~ cree sata etelolacs waagetone epee fo ae Lise

Width of head behind eyes ........0....00. 10-0

Length of snout...........- 5 a Thales saints as 14:1

‘Diameter On Gitte qe ewes ete wom iets alee teen 4-7

Width of interorbital space ........:...000 36

Width cof mouths, 22% Gas saniats ieeceecnee ere 58

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Corsall A gies < wishes ofeteneseale a, eee tae seme teys 50°5

Height of longest dorsal fin-ray ............ 16-4

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

Pectoral Mua Lowey. « isis. es acate taper teeter ss 24:7 ,

Longest pectoral fin-ray ..... see eee eens 16°4

Distance from tip of snout to vent .......... 68:2

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

wertral, fin! bia ce thehamieie Qieses aielsiaiete totale ela te 56°4

Longest ventral fin-ray ............ .-.. 16°4-16°2

Distance from tip of snout to anterior root of

ects Ub 20 Bapeg eee (Pia At conte ees Oc 82:7

longest anal Teray: silts crete tears 14-1

Length of chudalpeduncle” . ow. secu: 5+ 12:9

Longest caudal @n-ray 2.0506 6. eles wale ws 20°2

Height of rootof caudal fin, ...........200 118

Type-specimen.—Several specimens are contained in the

collection. The type and about six syntypes are forwarded

to the British Museum and a number of examples are pre-

sented to the Indian Museum.

Locality Obtained from the Thunga River, Shimoga

Town (Mysore), S. India. A few examples of this species

and the foregoing were taken by my colleague, Mr. A.

Subba Rao, from the same source.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Prats I.

Fig. 1. Garra jerdonia brevimentalia, var. n. 3 nat. size.

Figs. 1a, 16. Ditto. xX .

Fig. 2. Garra platycephala, sp.n. 4 nat. size.

Figs. 2a,2b. Ditto. X Z.

Fig. 3. Garra bicornuta, sp.n. % nat. size.

Figs. 3a,36, Ditto. 3 nat. size.

Puate II.

Fig. 4. Botia striata, sp.n. X 4.

Figs.4a,4b. Ditto. x §.

Fig. 5. Nemachilichth, ys shimogensis, sp.u. slightly more than 3.

Figs. 5a,56. Ditto. » slightly more than j.

On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. 65

I1I.— Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—IU1.

By 'T. D. A. CockereLL, University of Colorado.

‘THE present part deals wholly with Coleopterous elytra from

the Hocene.

Mr. KR. J. Tillyard*, describing some fossil beetle elytra

from Australia, remarks :—‘ The placing of single elytra,

however perfect, can seldom be more than a matter of con-

jecture, since there are scarcely any types of sculpture that

are confined to one family only. But, where the fossil

specimen is well enough preserved, it is nevertheless usual to

name it. Thus, a number of what may be termed ‘ genera of

convenience’ have arisen, of which it may be said that each

one serves to gather together, as a single group, all those

fossil elytra which show correspondence in shape and sculp-

tue, within certain limits. An example of such a genus is

Ademosyne, Handlirsch, from the Ipswich beds. Under this

name are now comprised no less than ten species, which

might belong to the Hydrophilide, Parnide, or Tenebrionide,

the type of elytron which they represent being commonly

found in all three families.”

In the case of the elytra described below, the uncertainty

referred to by Mr. Tillyard exists; though it might, perhaps,

be removed, at least in part, by one more familiar with the

Coleoptera of the world. An intensive morphological study

ot Coleopterous elytra, with large quantities of material, would

probably reveal many significant diagnostic features, which

could be seen in the fossils. In the meanwhile, however, all

these elytra present excellent specific characters, and are, I

t ink, perfectly recognizable. ‘They can accordingly be used

in stratigraphy and in estimating the resemblances and

differences between Cenozoic faunze. For these reasons alone

it appears justifiable to make them known. |

Carabites euneatus, sp.n. (Hig. 1.)

Elytra 8°5 mm. long and slightly over 4 wide, the base

broadly truncate, the apex narrowed but obtuse, the outer

margin gently curved ; ten delicately punctured and feebly

impressed strig, the outer one failing below the humeral

angle, and supplemented by a short stria a short distance

mesad of it; a fine curved sulcus or impressed line, inde-

pendent of the striz, extending inward and downward from

* Proc, Linn. Soc. New South Wales, xlii. (1918) p. 749.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 5

66 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

the humeral region, and finally passing apicad, nearly parallel

with the inner margin. .In the punctured striz there are

about two punctures in 160 pw. “hy

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner). British

Museum, 19014, with reverse.

Carabites cuneatus, sp. 0.

T sent a sketch of this elytron to Mr, S. A. Rohwer at the

U.S. National Museum, asking him to seek the advice of the

well-ki own Coleopterists Messrs. Barber and Schwarz. He

writes :—‘ I have shown your drawing of the beetle elytron

to both Barber and Schwarz, and they agree that it might be

that of a good many different groups of beetles, but suggest

it may possibly be that of a Carabid, and possibly a Har-

palid. ‘The ‘sulcus’ is produced by the fold of the elytron,

and the small part is ‘epipleurite’ of the elytron turned

under. It is probable that the view you have is from the

under side. By the study of a detached elytron of any large

Carabid you can easily see what the ‘sulcus’ of the fossil

really is.”

Carabites parallelus, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Elytra about 10 mm. long and slightly over 4 wide, the

actual apex not preserved, but evidently very obtuse ; margins

subparallel ; sculpture as in 19014, with the same curved

sulcus.

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner).

British Museum, 18999.

I had referred this and the previous species to Hydro-

philites, but follow the opinion as to possible affinities

expressed by Messrs. Barber and Schwarz.

in the British Museum. 67

Carabites parallelus, sp, a.

Tenebrionites (gen. nov.) anglicus, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Elytra 9°5 mm. long, 3°8 wide, base obliquely truncate,

apex sharply pointed; inner margin from 1°5 mm. from base

to 3 mm. from apex, straight, with two rows of rather coarsely

punctured strize parallel with it, the first marginal, the second

less than half a millimetre from it ; rather widely spaced and

indistinct stricze converge toward the apex, but the disc shows

no distinct strise, and its surface is broken up into irregular

subreticulate areas, defined by impressed lines; humeral

region with a very oblique short stria.

Zenebriontes anglicus, sp. n.

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner). British

‘Museum, 19015.

68 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

The sculpture is suggestive of certain Tenebrionids, as

Asida opaca, Say. The shape, especially the inner margin,

recalls the Siberian Jurassic fossil Doggeria sibirica, Hand-

lirsch. (The species which Handlirsch refers to Doggeria

are probably not congeneric, so DD. sibirica is herewith

designated the type of the genus.)

Chrysomelites quadrilineatus, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Elytra 5°5 mm. long, a little over 3 broad; subquadrate,

with obliquely truncate base and apex; outer margin feebly

convex ; surface minutely pustulose ; disc with two pairs of

Chrysomelites quadrilineatus, sp. n.

parallel longitudinal strive, not deeply impressed, the outer-

most of one pair 1 mm. distant from the outermost of the

other.. There are no dark bands or markings ; ; as preserved

the elytron is pale ferruginous.

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bolen oe. British

Museum, 19006, with reverse.

The parallel ‘strize suggest the fossil Pachycoleon woodlet

(Westwood), from the Lower Purbeck. The insect appears

to belong to the Chrysomelidee, but cannot be referred with

any assurance to a living genus.

Carabites peracutus, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Elytra 11-4 mm. long, 4°3 mm. broad; cuneate, with

straight inner margin, strongly convex outer margin, and

very acute apex; a stria close to inner margin, and eight

other ones, sharp and distinct, but failing about 3°5 mm. from

apex ; on close examination the striz are seen to be obscurely

and rather coarsely punctate.

in the British Museum, 69

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner, 21).

British Museum, 19018.

Fig. 5.

pa ee re

Carabites peracutus, sp. n,

Resembles Carabites gardneri, Ckll., but that is considerably

larger, with the strize strong to the apex and the inner margin

gently curved before the apex.

Buprestites purbecensis, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Elytra probably about 11 mm. long (9 mm. preserved),

3°6 mm. wide, acute at apex; eleven sharp striz, four in

Fig. 6.

Buprestites purbecensis, sp, n.

1 mm. transversely (in 19018 the strize are half a millimetre

apart) ; striz extending to the apical region and not distinctly

punctured.

70 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Upper Eocene, Bagshot Beds, Studland Bay, Isle of

Purbeck, Dorset (Brodie). British Museum, 10423.

Very much like modern Buprestis, but the apex appears to

be sharper than usual.

Curculionites brenthiformis, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Elytra probably at least 13 mm. long (11°3 mm. preserved),

4mm. wide, nearly parallel-sided, the humerus gently rounded,

apex lost. Nine coarse strong striz (in middle half a milli-

metre apart), more or less distinctly interrupted by large

shallow depressions, about three in 2 mm. longitudinally.

lig tt

Curculionites brenthiformis, sp. n.

Bartonian, Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth (Gardner, 8 and

15). British Museum, 19007, with reverse.

The punctiform depressions are too large and shallow for

an Elaterid, and appear to indicate an unusually elongate

member of the Rhynchophora, similar to the Brenthidee.

Fig. 8.

Chrysomelites bartonicus, sp. n.

in the British Museum. 71

Chrysomelites bartonicus, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Elytra probably about 7 mm. long (6 mm. preserved),

3 mm. wide ; apex very obtuse, subtruncate ; ten very finely

punctured striz, sharp and distinct, with the arrangement

shown in the figure. No markings are preserved.

Bartonian. The label is lost, but the soft white iron-stained

rock agrees with that of 19022, from the Bagshot Beds,

Bournemouth (Gardner). I have marked the specimen x.

The form agrees with the Chrysomelids.

Curculionites optimus, sp. n. (Fig. 9.)

Elytra probably about 14 mm. long (11 mm. preserved),

6°5 mm. wide ; nearly parallel-sided ; humeral angle very

distinct ; ten rows of very distinct but irregularly placed

punctures, the innermost row double and the outermost more

or less so. The figure shows the arrangement of the rows.

RAS Daa

ue ey

tu a eS

Pteph yes

ees Day vans

Teniae:

A ana eens ee al et

EE RC aaah

i eos Ort Ove O. a

eet awe bel tog

Se te ete

° clei olals timelta. iat

Sp etd gat Ve cetine

Honea Odie op &

SPOR ere Bah

PFI Om tak (BE Ra RSCOSR a

one cai aaa

Curculionites optimus, sp n.

Bartonian, Lower Bagshot Beds, Bournemouth. British

Museum, 12869, with reverse.

It was purchased from F. H. Butler in 1909, but came

from the Nevil Jones collection.

Erotylites (gen. nov.) wallacet, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Elytra about 12°3 mm. long, 4°8 mm. broad, very convex,

the apex broad, but with a sharp point; surface (abraded in

middle) beset with fine distinct punctures, which run more or

less in rows, as shown in the figure.

72 _ Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

Bartonian, Lower Bagshot, Corfe Clay, Creech, between

Corfe and Wareham, Dorset (W. R. Brodie, 14). British

Museum, 19047. Purchased from the executors of H. 8.

Beckles in 1891.

Fig. 10.

Evotylites wallacet, sp. n.

The shape of the elytron is like that of Cypherotylus

aspersus, Gorham (Krotylide). The general form is rather

suggestive of Tenebrionide, but the apex is different.

Named atter Dr. A. R. Wallace, in memory of a visit to

Corfe in his company many years ago.

1V.—New Species of African Simulhidee.

By A. W. J. Pomeroy, M.B.E.

[Plates III. & IV.]

In a previous paper* the writer pointed out the importance

of the respiratory filaments of the pupa of Stmulium as

specific characters in distinguishing closely allied species, and

an extended series of observations on African species con-

firms this opinion. In addition to the differences of the

formation of the branching of the filaments, what may prove

to be a very important clue to generic eharacter has been

observed, namely, the composition of the chitinous mem-

brane of the filaments themselves. In some species the

chitin is in the form of “scalloped ” plates welded together,

* Pomeroy, Bull. U.S, Dep. Agric. no, 329, Professional Paper,

March 6, 1916, p. 24,

Species of African Simuliide. 73

in others on hexagonal plates. In one species—S. gilvipes,

Pomeroy—the membrane is covered with crescent-shape«l

nodules arranged in rows. In three species which have

pup with four-branched filaments the resemblance in tlie

arrangement of the chitin is remarkable, since one species

(S. bracteatum, Coq.) is found in N. America, another

(S. aureum, Fries) is a British species, and a third (8. aureo-

simile, Pomeroy) is found in the Kamerun, W, Africa. The

writer has not made any histological investigation into tlic

subject, and some considerable work needs to be done before

any definite conclusion can be reached ; but from superficial

observation under a low power the characters seem to be

too important to be overlooked.

In the following descriptions of new species the pupz

have been correlated with the adults, by dissecting adult

males which were almost ready to emerge from the pupal

skin and comparing their genitalia with those of specimens

bred in the streams at the same time and place.

Simulium cervicornutum, sp. n.

(Bie Biiefier 3 > Plo LY; fies 3.)

Male.—Length 15 mm.

Antenne black, covered with a short greyish pubescence».

Thorax velvet-black, covered with thick golden pubescence,

in freshly emerged specimens entirely so. Pleuwre brown,

lacking the patch of soft hairs. Wings hyaline, veins brown,

radius unforked. Abdomen velvet-black, first segment with

a fringe of dark purple-brown hairs; a diagonal perlaceous

stripe on each side of the abdomen across the fifth, sixth, and

seventh segments, rather more iridescent blue in some lights.

Legs: front legs, coxze dark brown ; femora, apical ends

dark purple-brown, remainder covered with shining light

yellow hairs; tibize, apical third dark purple brown, re-

mainder covered with light yellow hairs; tarsi almost black.

Hind legs: coxee dark purple-brown; femora dark purple-

brown ; tibiz, basal third covered with light shining yellow

hair ; tarsi purple-black, second tarsal joint with excision

near base. Genitalia: basal pieces large; claspers about

one-third the length of basal piece, having one finger-like

process at the apex ; anal plates, the lateral plates very long,

exceeding the length of the claspers, with a few short bristles

at the apex, the centre plate large; adminiculum ratiier

broad, with a fringe of short hairs and some very irregular

short spines at the apex of the trough; arms, the arms end

‘ mesally with a pair of spines, the outer one very long, the

inner very short.

74 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

Hab. Quick-flowing mountain-streams, obtained hy

rearing from pupa.

Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14.2.1916. Altitude

2200 metres. 5

Type in the British Museum.

Female.—Uength 1°7 mm.

Frons silver-grey. Antenne’ brown with grey dusting, the

two basal joints yellow. Thorax lustrous black, covered

with strong golden pubescence. Pleure fuscous and lacking

the patch of soft hairs. Wings hyaline, radius unforked.

Abdomen: basal segment with fringe of long yellow hairs;

second, third, and fourth segments with long golden hairs

dorsally and laterally, the last four segments shining purple-

black, with sparse black hairs and bristles. Legs: front

legs, coxee dark brown, with shiny masses of yellow hair ;

femora dark, with thick shining pale yellow hair on the

(MEG

Hind claws of Simulium, 2.

Fig. 1.—Simulium meduseformis, sp.n. ind claw of female.

Fig. 2.—Stmuliwm cervicornutum, sp. ua.

Fig. 38.—Simulium awreosimile, sp. n.

Fig. 4.—Stmulium gilvipes, sp. n.

apical half, silvery in some lights ; tibize yellow, dark brown

on apical fourth; tarsi very dark brown, almost black.

Hind legs: coxe dark brown; femora dark brown; tibiz

hairy, basal half shining yellow, apical half dark purple-

brown; first tarsal joint yellow, but black at apex ; second

tarsal joint with marked excision near base; second, third,

fourth, and fifth tarsal joints all purple-black. Claws with

a large blunt tooth projecting from the base similar to

S. latipes, Meig.

Hab. Not found biting. Bred from pupa in swift

mountain-stream,

Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14. 2.1916. Altitude

2200 metres.

Paratype in British Museum.

Pupa.—Pupal filaments shaped like the antlers of an elk. -

The filaments arise from the base in three main branches ;

Species of African Simuliidee. 75

the first branch divides dorsad into three short branches

progressively longer ; the second main branch divides dorsact

into four, the first very short, the remainder progressively

longer; the third main branch divides into two.

The pupa was determined from the genitalia and legs of

the adult male, dissected from the pupa and compared with

the type.

Simulium gilvipes, sp. i.

(Pl. Ti, fies SRS TVs ite. 1.)

Male.—Uength 2-4 mm.

Antenne entirely dark brown, with greyish pubescence,

the two basal joints somewhat paler. Thorax velvet-black,

covered with thick light golden pubescence. Pleure light

grey-brown, with patch of soft hairs near spiracle. Wings:

hyaline yeins brownish yellow, radius unforked. Abdomen

velvet-black, covered with golden pubescence ; first segment

with fringe of long yellow hair, golden at base, pale at apex.

Legs: front legs, coxe very dark brown ; femora dark brown

at base, middle light yellow, brown at apex; tibize brown at

apex, middle yellow covered with light golden pubescence,

apex dark brown ; tarsi, all tarsal joints very dark brown,

last three almost black. Hind legs: coxze brown; femora

very yellow, with golden pubescence, apex dark brown ;

tibie, basal third yellow, apical two-thirds dark brown ;

tarsi almost black, the second tarsal joint with excision near

base. Genitalia: basal pieces large ; claspers less than the

length of the basal pieces, blunt at apex, with single finger-

like process; the ends usually turned over mesally ; anal

plates, side-pieces very small and very constricted inwardly

at apices, bearing five to six stout bristles arising from very

distinct nodules, centre plate small and denude of bristles ;

adminiculum very broad, with a fringe of weak hairs along

the lower portion of pouch; arms very chitinous, ending

mesially in two groups of strong black spines, the main spinal

process very serrated outwardly.

Hab. Quick-flowing mountain-streams: obtained from

pupa attached to rocks.

Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14. 2.1916. Altitude

2200 metres.

Type in British Museum.

Female.—Length 2:6-7 mm.

Head: frons covered with silver pubescence ; face silver-

grey ; antennee dark brown with grey pubescence, first two

joints pale yellow, third joint pale yellow at base. Thorax

dull purple-black, covered with golden pubescence. Pleure

76 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

brown-grey with patch of soft silky hair near spiracle.

Wings hyaline, veins yellowish, radius unforked. Abdomen

dull purple-black, covered with rather brassy pubescence, the

seventh and eighth tergites rather bare and shiny, the fringe

of hair on the first segment distinctly short, almost absent

dorsally. Legs: front legs, coxee brown; femora yellow,

apex brown ; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, remainder

dark brown ; tarsi very dark, almost black. Hund legs :

coxe light brown; femora golden yellow, covered with

brassy pubescence, apex black ; tibie, basal two-thirds

yellow, remainder dark brown ; tarsi, first tarsal joint—

basal third yellow, two-thirds covered with yellow pubes-

cence, remainder of tarsal jomts black. The second tarsal

joint with excision near base ; hind claws with tooth at base

as in S. ornatum.

Hab. Not found biting ; bred from pupe in quick-flowing

mountain stream.

Loc. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 14.2.1916. All.

2200 metres.

Paratype in British Museum.

Pupa.—The pupal filaments consist of fourteen branches

arising from seven main stems and branching dichotomously

a short distance from the base. The filaments are very

strong in appearance, very dark and quite black at the apices,

which are sharp-pointed and very chitinous. Under a high

power the outer wall is seen to be covered with crescent-

shaped nodules, which are arranged in rows over the entire

surface. The pupa is described from specimens containing

adult males dissected out and compared with type. They

were also collected from the same locality on the same date.

Simulium meduseformis, sp. n.

(PLL digs Gs (Pie TVs. 25)

Male.— Length 2 mm.

Antenne black, covered with fine short grey pubescence,

the two basal segments dirty yellow. Thorag velvet-black

covered with thick light golden pubescence (in the type-

specimen some of the pubescence has been rubbed off),

especially thick at the sides. Pleuwre brown with silver

slieen, lacking the patch of soft hairs near the spiracle.

Wings hyaline, radius unforked. Abdomen velvet-black,

first segment with long fringe of golden-brown hairs, a

diagonal broad patch of iridescent silver-grey on the sides

about the fifth and sixth segments; a fringe of long shining

pale yellow hairs arises from the margins of the ventral

sclerites, covering the sides of the abdomen on the first five

Species of African Simuliide. 77

segments ; the ventral surface of the abdomen brown, with

blue-grey iridescence. Legs: front legs, cox dark

purple-brown ; femora dark purple-brown just at apex

~ covered with light yellow pubescence; tibie, dark brown

front, basal two-thirds covered with shining silver pubes-

cence ; tarsi all black. Hind legs: coxe black; femora

purple-black ; tibize, basal third covered with shining golden-

yellow hair, remainder purple-black ; tarsi, black first

tarsal joint paler in middle, second joint with excision near

base. Genitalia : basal pieces large; claspers large, rather

tapering, with two finger-like processes at apex ; anal plates,

side-pieces small, with very few strong bristles ; centre plate

small with no bristles ; adminiculum rather oblong with

peculiar rows of stout spines running diagonally mesad

across the lower end of pouch; arms strongly chitinous,

ending mesally in two groups of very strong black spines,

surrounded by a spiny membrane.

Female.—Length 2°3 mm.

Head: frons and face silver-grey ; antennee black with fine

short silver pubescence, the two basal segments pale yellow.

Thorax dark greenish black covered with golden pubescence,

silver pubescence laterad on the shoulders. Pleuwre brown-

grey pollinose, lacking the patch of solf hair on the mem-

branous patch near spiracle. Abdomen black, heavily covered

with long thick matted golden pubescence, which turns silver

at the sides, first segment with a fringe of long pale hairs.

Legs : front legs, coxz black, femora black, front covered

slightly with silver pubescence ; tibize, basal two-thirds silver,

apical third black ; tarsi entirely black ; hind legs, coxie

black, femora and tibiz purple-black with silver pubescence ;

tarsi, first tarsal joint black at point of base, following two-

thirds yellow, devoid of pubescence, black at point of apex,

remainder of tarsi black ; second tarsal joint with excision at

base ; claws simple.

Type-locality. Bangan, Kamerun, W. Africa, 2. 14. 1916.

Alt. 2200 metres.

Hab. Bred from pupe in swift-flowing mountain streams,

Not found biting.

Paratypes in British Museum.

Loc. Top of Table Bay, Capetown, 8. Africa. Specimens

of pup obtained Dec. 7, 1912, by K. H. Barnard in Brit,

Museum.

One male dissected from pupa shows the same male

genitalia as type.

Pupa.—Pupal filaments with unique secondary filaments

arising from main trunks. ‘The main branches are as

78 Mr. A. W. J. Pomeroy on new

follows :—first main branch rather weak, consisting of four

long filaments arising dorsally from the stem at intervals ;

the remaining branches consist of four very stout finger-like

processes, very dark in colour, with secondary filaments of a

pale colour arising from them as follows :—from first finger

two long filaments arise together from the base, about half-

way up towards the apex a single long filament arises, and

near the apex another long filament, making four secondary

filaments in all; from the second finger two filaments arise

from the base, a third about halfway up, a fourth two-thirds

and a fifth a short distance from the apex ; from the third

finger only two filaments arise, one about two-thirds up and

the other a short distance from the apex; the last finger is

not so thick as the preceding and is devoid of secondary fila-

ments. Pupa described from specimens containing male

adults dissected out and compared with type. The pupe

were also collected from the same locality and on the same

date as adult type.

Simulium aureosimile, sp. n.

(PIS he Ploy ties ac)

Male.—Antenne brown. Thorax thickly covered with

rich red-golden pubescence. Pleure brown, lacking patch

of soft hair. Wings: radius unforked. Legs: front legs,

coxze pale yellow ; femora pale yellow covered with light

golden hair ; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, apical third

brown ; tarsi all black. Hind legs: coxe black ; femora,

basal two-thirds yellow, apex black ; tibiz, basal two-thirds

- yellow, apex black ; tarsi black, second tarsal joint with ex-

cision at base. Genitalia: basal pieces large ; claspers less

than length of basal pieces with single finger-like process at

apex of clasper ; anal plates not as large as claspers, with 18—

20 strong bristles at apex ; centre plate rather small, devoid

of bristles ; adminiculum very broad; the pouch very

narrow, constricted, with many small bristles; arms end

mesially in a single very prominent spine divided and

thickened at base.

Hab. Bred from pup found in slow-moving stream. ‘The

pupe were attached to grass-blades and vegetation.

Loc. Baliben, Kamerun, W. Africa, 10. 1. 1916.

Type in British Museum. Described from a single adult

and some specimens dissected from pupa.

Female.— Thorax dull black, sparsely covered with light

golden pubescence. Pleure brown, lacking the patch of

soft hairs. Wings: radius unforked. Abdomen dull brown.

Species of African Simultidee. (8

Legs: front legs black with traces of pubescence, coxze and

femora yellow; tibiz, basal two-thirds yellow, apical third

black; tarsi all black. Hind legs: cox black; femora pale

yellow, black at apex; tibic, basal third yellow, remainder

black ; tarsi all black; second tarsal joint with excision at

at base; claws with very large projecting tooth at base.

Described from a single specimen reared from pupa and

others dissected from pupa. ‘The very conspicuous feature

of the species is the yellowness of the upper part of the legs

and the tooth-like process at the base of the claw.

Hab. Bred from pupa in slow-moving stream. Alt. 1000

metres. Not found biting.

Loc. Baliben, Kamerun, W. Africa, 10. 1. 1916.

Pupa.—The pupal filaments are four in number... The

first two branches arise from the main stem near the base.

The third branch divides dichotomously a short distance from

the base. The filaments are very similar to those of S. awreum,

Fries, and to S. bracteatum, Coq., but differ in the way they

arise from the main stem. The pupa were determined from

specimens containing male adults dissected out and compared

with type.

Simulium unicornutum, sp.u. (Pl. ITI. fig. 2.)

Pupa.—Uength 2-2°3 mm.

The pupal filaments are of a very unique character, con-

sisting of a single horseshoe-shaped tube, rather more

prominent cephalically, situated either side of the thorax.

‘The filament, the cephalic portion of which is about 1 mm.

in length, is attached at the usual position on the thorax

and the tubular extension leading from the base is present.

One of the specimens contained a male imago, but not

sufficiently well developed to permit of an accurate descrip-

tion. The writer is of the opinion, however, that the very

remarkable formation of the pupal filaments is sufficient to

warrant its description as a new species.

Described from six specimens. Type in the British

Museum.

Hab. Slow-moving mountain stream, attached to grass-

blades.

Loc. Balibo, Kamerun, W. Africa, 12.12.1916. Altitude

about 2000 metres.

Simulium damnosum, &, Theobald.

(IAIN, fig. 45 Pl. LV... fig. 5.)

Male.—Length 2 mm.

Antenne dark brown with grey pubescence. Thorax :

8) On new Species of African Simuliidee.

general colour lustrous slate-blue, with a broad black median

stripe and a broad black stripe on either side concave out-

wardly, abbreviated toward basal margin. Pleure slate-grey,

lacking patch of soft hair near prothoracie spiracle. Addo-

men velvet-black, first segment with fringe of dark golden-

brown hair, sides of abdomen with diagonal stripe of per-

laceous blue. Legs: front legs, cox black; femora and

tibie dark brown, with front of shining silver ; tarsi very

broad and black. Hind legs: coxz and femora black ;

tibiz black, basal third shining silver; tarsi, first tarsal

joiut shining silver, black at apex, remainder of tarsal joints

black ; second tarsal joint with excision near base. Genitalia:

basal pieces about the same length as the claspers, having

the apex of the outer lateral margin projecting very strongly,

covered with very stout black bristles ; claspers the same

length as the basal pieces, with a single finger-like process

at apex and rather pointed; anal plates—lateral pieces

prominent, with several strong bristles, centre piece broad ;

adminiculum V-shaped, covered with very stout small tri-

angular spines and a fringe of short hair at the apex of the

pouch ; arms—the arms end mesially in two masses of very

black chitinous spines, the general appearance rather like a

brush.

Pupa.—The filaments are rather pale and translucent in

structure. They are composed of eight main lobes, bulbous

and finger-like.. The cephalic and caudal lobes very broad

in the middle, pointed toward the apex. These two lobes

are very often found split up the ceutre. The remaining

six arise from the base of the main stem in pairs, and in

some specimens a short broad secondary finger-like filament

is present attached to one of the middle filaments, usually

the first cephalic pair, about halfway up.

Described from specimens containing male imagos dis-

sected out and compared with emerged adults, bred from

the same locality and at the same time.

Hab. Swift-flowing mountain stream, attached to rocks in

large masses.

8 Morogoro, Conquered Territory, E. Africa, 24.11.

LON7.

No previous description of the male or pupa has been

published. ‘The females bred from the same pupz were

compared with the type in the British Museum. ‘The larva

will be described in a later paper.

Specimens placed in the British Museum Collection.

On British Oligocene Ants. 81

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate III.

Pupee of Simulium.

Fig. 1. Respiratory filaments of the pupa of Simuliwm aureosimile, sp. n.

Fig. 2. Respiratory filaments and upper portion of the pupa of Srmedlium

unicornutum, sp.

3. Simulium cervicornutum, sp. 1.

4, Stmulium damnosum, Theobald.

Fig. 5. Simulium gilvipes, sp. n.

6. Simulium meduseformis, sp. 0.

PuateE IV.

Genitalia of Staadiwn.

. Stmulium gilvipes, sp. 0.

. Simulium meduseformis, sp. n.

. Stmulium cervicornutum, sp. n.

. Simulium aureosimile, sp. n.

. Simulium damnosum, Theobald.

OU 09 bD

V.—British Oligocene Ants. By Horace Sr. J. K.

DonisTHoRPE, F.Z.8., F.1E.S.

[Plate V.]

In my book on British ants (1915) I pointed out that two

wing-impressions from the Lower Purbecks of Durdlestone

Bay, considered by Westwood to belong to ants, and described

by him in 1854 as Formicium brodiet and Myrmicium heerd,

had been shown by Handlirsch to belong to saw-flies. I also

stated that the remains of three genera—Myrmica, Formica,

and Camponotus—were found in the Bembridge Limestone.

The latter statement was made on the strength of a short

note by P. B. Brodie on Tertiary fossil ants (1875) and a

list of genera given in a paper by Dr. Henry Woodward

(1879) on the authority of Mr. Frederick Smith of the

British Museum.

At the time I was not aware that there were in the British

Museum large collections of insects made by Brodie and

Ki. J. A’Court Smith from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight.

At the request of the officers of the Geological Department I

have since overliauled this collection, as well as a number of

British fossil insects belonging to Mr. R. W. Hooley from

the same source, and have arranged the specimens, as far

as I am able, into their different families. Of the numbers

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 6

82 - Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

attached to individual specimens, those following an “I” or

“In” are register-numbers of the Geological Department of

the British Museum. ‘These numbers are all in one series,

but the letter “I,” being subject to misapprehension, was

recently changed to “In.” It so happens that all the speci-

mens of the Brodie Collection (purchased in 1898) are denoted

by numbers following “I,”’ and that those of A’Court Smith

Collection (though purchased in 1883) were registered later

under numbers following “In.” Specimens from Mr. Hooley’s

collection bear numbers following “H.” The numbers in

brackets, with or without a letter, are those of my working

list.

A large proportion of these insects belong to the Formicidae,

and I find that the so-called Formica and Camponotus are

really species of Oecophylla. ‘There are no specimens of

Myrmica, but one ant, which has “ Myrmica” written in

pencil on the matrix, belongs to a new genus. Several

specimens of a large wing marked “ Wing of Syrea” are

really the wings of a large species of Oecophylla described by

Cockerell as O. megarche. For, on December 11th, 1915

(after the publication of my ‘ British Ants’), Professor

Cockerell published a paper on “ British Fossil Insects,” and

in it he described eight species of ants from the Oligocene of

the Isle of Wight, based on duplicate material rejected from

Brodie’s Collection, and now preserved in the United States

National Museum as part of the Lacoe Collection.

The locality in the Isle of Wight is Gurnet or Gurnard

Bay (both spellings appear in the maps), which lies a little to

the west of Cowes in the north of the island.

This deposit has been placed both in the Bembridge series

=Middle Oligocene, and in the Osborne series, which is

Lower Oligocene, as also are the deposits of Aix and the

Baltic amber. Cockerell thinks, however, that the Gurnet

Bay fossils indicate a more decidedly temperate climate, and

consequently an age a little later than that of the Baltic

amber. He suggests that there was, perhaps, a mud-spring,

with heated waters, into which the insects fell, possibly over-

come by gaseous emanations. The waters were not themselves

poisonous, as fragments of rock carry also multitudes of a

species of Phyllopod Crustacean, the Branchipodites described

by Woodward (1879). Very many of the blocks I have

examined exhibit these crustaceans, and some are marked in

pencii “ Branchiopode.” Cockerell’s contention with regard

to the mud-spring is supported by the fact that nearly all

the ants I have examined are winged, and were probably

overcome by the vapours during their marriage flights.

British Oligocene Ants. 83

The ants described by Cockerell are as follows :—

Ponera hypolitha, represented by the middle of a fore wing

and one hind wing.

Dolichoderus britannicus, from a thorax with fore and hind

wing; petiole and part of gaster; also a lateral section

of a body.

anglicus, from the middle of a fore wing.

ovigerus, from the middle of a fore wing and part of

body.

Leptothorax gurnetensis, from a nearly complete fore wing ;

also part of a larger one, described as a variety.

Oecophylla atavina, from part of body, fore and hind wing.

-~—— perdita, from a complete fore wing ; another varying

somewhat ; also a small head and bit of thorax, and part

of a fore wing, described as a male.

megarehe, from a large fore wing, not quite complete ;

a hind wing ; and head with large mandibles.

It is certainly unfortunate that Cockerell should have

restricted his studies to a few relatively inferior specimens of

these ants when such magnificent collections were available ;

but, of course, he could only make the best of such material

as he had before him. His descriptions are based chiefly on

measurements of the wings, their cells, and their veins, as

these are almost all he had to go by. Now, asis well known,

the wings of ants vary considerably, not only in the same

species [ Adolph (1880) examined a large number of male and

temale Acanthomyops ( Chthonolasius) umbratus, Nyl., taken by

him during a marriage flight, and found that over 80 per cent.

of the specimens varied in the neuration of their wings], but

even in the same individual—the cells and veins of the wings

on one side of the insect not agreeing with those on the other.

In Oecophylla, of which Cockerell had only tive specimens, I

have examined and measured over two hundred and forty-five

specimens, and found them to differ in small measurements

spreading over a large range. It would, of course, be absurd

to give a separate name to each specimen that varied a little

from the others ; and it is almost impossible to decide where

to draw the line or even which insects belong to Cockerell’s

species.

The specimens examined by me appear to belong to the

following subfamilies :—

PONERINAE: 4 genera and 4 species.

DOLICHODERINAE: 1 genus and 4 species.

CAMPONOTINAE: 3 genera and 6 species.

84 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

Tt will thus be seen that I have been unable to detect any

species belonging to the other two subfamilies—Dorylinae and

Myrmicinae. As no species of the former subfamily occur in

the Baltic amber, their absence is not surprising here; but

that no species of the latter are present is very curious.

There are also some thirteen specimens of whose genera I am

doubtful (some being only fragments), but in any case they do

not belong with certainty to the two subfamilies just mentioned.

These are numbered :—I. 8676, I. 8683, I. 8723, I. 8759,

T. 9820, I. 9624, I. .9695, 1, 101295. 4.102097 54 to ia

In. 17074 ; H. 127, and H. 334. Of these doubtful species

I sent drawings of the six most distinct specimens to my

friend Prof. Wheeler, and he has very kindly returned them

to me with suggestions as follows :—(a. 18) I. 9695 Cat-

aulacus?, 93 I. 10211 Dolichoderus? (Hypoclinea?), @ ;

T. 10209 Liometopum?, 9; In. 17074 Lrometopum?, ¢ ;

H. 127 Liometopum?, 2 ; H. 334 Camponotus ?, &.

I do not propose to describe or figure these specimens, for

the excellent reasons given by Wheeler. He writes (an Mitt.,

10th Dec., 1919) :—‘*In the case of the Florissant fossils I

shall not bother to describe or figure any specimens which are

not quite clear. I pursued this course with the Baltic amber

ants, of which I saw many that were indecipherable. IPf one

actually refers obscure fossils to a particular genus without

a query, they are dragged through the literature, and often

produce great confusion later by giving the impression that

certain genera were present in certain formations.”

Subfamily Powzrrwaz, Le Peletier.

Tribe EcTATOMMINI, Emery.

Genus SYNTAPHUS, nov.

(sbvragos, buried in the same grave.)

Diagnosis, An Kectatommine with a spine on the epinotum.

Genotype. S. wheelert.

Syntaphus wheeleri, sp. n.

There are three pieces of rock which carry this species ;

two of them [I. 8744, I. 9936] exhibit the same specimen

bisected by the splitting of the block, and show the head,

thorax, and gaster, two legs, part of both antennze, and a

trace of the wings. On the third block [I. 9325] only the

head, thorax, and half of the fore wing are present (PI. V.

fig. 2). The head is pointed at the posterior corners and the

British Oligocene Ants. 85

epinotum is spined. Part of the integument remains on the

head and thorax in all three bits of rock, and the punctu-

ration is coarse and rugose as in Rhytidoponera, Stictoponera,

etal. The neuration of the wing is not very distinct, but a

discoidal and second cubital cell are present. The junction

between the thorax and gaster is not clear.

Long 5 mm.; head and thorax together 2°5 mm. ; discoidal

cell, which touches the second cubital cell, *5 mm.; first

cubital on discoidal *3 mm. ; second cubital at apex *2 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (a. 12), I. 8744 (Pl. V. fig. 1), and its counter-

part (a. 13), I. 9936; paratype, (a. 11), I. 9325 (PI. V.

fig. 2). Allin Brit. Mus.

Named after my friend Professor W. M. Wheeler, in

recognition of his splendid work on the ants of the Baltic

amber (1914).

Tribe PONERINYI, Forel.

Genus EuPonerA, Forel.

Subgenus Mesoponera, Emery.

Euponera (Mesoponera) crawleyt, sp. n.

Head, thorax, scale, gaster, one antenna, and traces of

several legs present.

The head is triangular but indistinct in detail, the jaws

and eyes not being indicated. The antenna is thickened

towards the apex. The scale is high and narrower at the

apex. The segments of the gaster fairly distinct, the first

segment not strongly constricted.

Long 4 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, if 8675, in Brit, Mus. CPi V. fig. ahs

I have placed this specimen in A/esoponera with considerable

hesitation. It shows the lateral view and resembles specimens

of this genus when seen in profile. I have named the species

after my friend Mr. W. C. Crawley, in recognition of kind

suggestions made by him concerning these difficult fossil ants.

Mesoponera is widely distributed, occurring in Africa,

India, Australia, New Zealand, and America.

Genus Ponera, Latreille.

Ponera minuta, sp. n.

This small ant appears to me to be a Ponera. The head

is raised in front, one fore and one hind wing are present ;

86 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

but the neuration is quite indistinguishable. The pedicel is

also indistinct. Traces of two legs are present.

Long 2 mm.; fore wing, long 2 mm.; hind wing, long

1:2 mm. ; head, fone ‘5 mm. ations ae ; gaster cyan:

Oligocene at ‘Gumet Bay (Br odie).

Holotype, (D. 1), 1. 9734 in Brit. Mus. (PI. V. fig. 4).

The Ponera atavia of the Baltic amber is said ‘to be so

similar to the recent Ponera coarctata, which occurs in Britain,

that it is almost impossible to distineuish the two by any

satisfactory characters. It isa larger. insect than P. minuta,

and measures about 3°6 min. in length.

Genus EMPLASTUS, nov.

(¢u7Xaords, imprinted.)

Diagnosis. A Ponerine with eyes small and close to the

base of the mandibles, mandibles without teeth.

Genotype. E. emery.

Eimplastus emery?, sp. n.

This specimen shows the head, which is distinctly outlined,

part of the thorax, part of one front wing, and traces of two

legs.

"The species comes near to Myopias, Roger, but the man-

dibles, which in that genus possess two small teeth, appear

to be quite without teeth. The eyes are small and are placed

close to the base of the mandibles. Head 2 mm. long and

2:3 mm. broad ; transverso-medialis to basal corner x dis-

coidal cell ‘7 mm., discoidal cell, which touches the second

cubital, 1 mm. long ; second cubital cell, long 1:2 mm. ; first

cubital cell on discoidal ‘8 mm.; basalis on first cubital

*3 mm.; second cubital cell at apex ‘6 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Hooley).

Holotype, (a. 30), H. 129, in coll. Hooley (PI. V. fig. 5).

Named in honour of Professor C. Emery, in recognition of

his valuable work on the ants of the Sicilian amber ( (1891);

and also for kindly pointing out to me the position of this

and some other species of these fossil ants, from sketches I

sent to him.

Only two species of Myopias are known; they occur in

Ceylon and New Guinea respectively, and both are very rare,

British Oligocene Ants. 87

Subfamily DozrczopeErraz, Forel.

Tribe DOLICHODERINI, Emery.

Genus DoLicHopERvs, Lund.

The genus Dolichoderus is very widely distributed now,

and occurs in Europe but not in Britain. Only one genus

and species of the subfamily Dolichoderinae—Tapinoma

erraticum, Latr.—is found in Britain to-day.

From the Baltic amber Wheeler mentions nine species of

Dolichoderus, described from over five hundred and eighty

specimens. Cockerell based three species on four specimens

that he had before him from the Gurnet Bay deposit. The

wings of the latter species differ as follows :—In D. brit-

annicus the base of the radial cell is vertical and level with

the end of the second cubital cell, the latter touching both

the radial and the discoidal cells. In D. anglicus the second

cubital cell is petiolate above, not reaching the radial, and

also failing to reach the discoidal cell; I have not found any

specimens of this species among my material. In D. ovigerus

the base of the radial cell is vertical and practically level with

the end of the second cubital cell; the latter touches the

radial cell, but fails to reach the discoidal cell.

Dolichoderus britannicus, Cockerell (1915, p. 483).

There are fifteen specimens which I refer to this species,

some being perfect wings, others complete bodies with parts

of wings, and some only fragments of wings. One deiilated

female [(a. 22), I. 8695], which is very like Cockerell’s

figure of a lateral section, may be a small specimen of this

species. In one large specimen [(a. 4), I. 10142] showing

the lateral aspect, the outline and segments of the body are

very clear, but only half the fore wing is present. One wing

[(a. 23), H. 279] appears to be a variety, for, though it agrees

in all other respects, the base of the radial cell is not level

with the end of the second cubital cell, but comes before it.

The measurements of the specimens are as follows :—Length

4-5-7 mm. ; fore wing, long 6-6°5 mm. ; transverso-medialis

to basal corner of discoidal cell *5-"7 mm.; basalis on first

cubital -3--5 mm.; discoidal cell, long 6-8 mm.; second

cubital cell, long ‘7-1'°5 mm. ; radial cell, long 1-7-2 mm, ;

first cubital cell on discoidal *5--7 mm.; second cubital,

width at apex *3-"6 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’ Court Smith, and

Hooley).

88 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

Other specimens than those already mentioned are :—

1 S751, 1. 9185, I. 10257, 1 102821. 10329, slats it,

In. 17315, H. 114, H. 117, H. 262, H. 440, H. 497.

Dolichoderus ovigerus, Cockerell (1915, p. 484).

I consider the under-mentioned seven specimens to belong

to this species. The range of measurements is as follows :—

Length 4:5-6 mm.; fore wing, long 4°7-7 mm. ; transverso-

medialis to basal corner of diseoidal cell, long ‘5-7 mm. ;

basalis on first cubital cell 3 mm. ; discoidal cell, long *6-

‘7 mm.; second cubital cell, long *7-Lmm.; radial cell, long

1:2-1'8 mm.; first cubital cell on discoidal *5-6 mm. ;

second cubital cell at apex ‘5-6 mm.; base of second cubital

to apical corner of discoidal °3--5 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’Court Smith, and

Tlooley).

I. 8861, I. 9198,. 1. 9347, 1.9354, I. 10348, In. 17274,

H. 374.

Dolichoderus vectensis, sp. Ns

The holotype shows outline of head, thorax, pedicel, and

gaster, and one leg complete ; trace of one fore wing showing

discoidal cell; and a bit of one antenna.

Head pointed behind; epinotum with a spine; petiole

large.and pointed above ; gaster with segments very distinct.

Long 5-6 mm.; discoidal cell °5 mm. long; first cubital on

discoidal *3 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (a. 14), I. 9198, in Brit. Mus. (Pl. V. fig. 6).

Dolichoderus gurnetensis, sp. 1.

In the unique specimen the head is separated from the body,

but lies near it, and parts of a fore and hind wing are present.

The thorax, scale, and gaster, two perfect legs, and parts of

others can be seen.

The scale is large and high, the second cubital cell long,

and the discoidal cell, which touches it, oblong. The base of

the radial cell is slanting, not forming a straight line with

the apex. of the second cubital cell. The insect measures

(with head) 5°5 mm. long; discoidal cell, long -7 mm. ;

second eubital cell, long 1 mm. ; first cubital on discoidal

‘5 mm.; basalis on first cubital ‘3 mm. ; second cubital ell

‘at apex ‘D mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (a. 17), I. 9755, in Brit. Mus. (Pl. V. fig. 7).

British Oligocene Ants. 89

Subfamily Camupoworrwaz, Forel.

Tribe FORMICINI, Forel.

Genus LEUCOTAPHUS, nov.

(Acuxés, white, tapos, tomb.)

Diagnosis. A Formicine with small head, very small dis-

coidal cell, and long cubital cell. The wings are similar to

those of Formica and Acanthomyops, but the discoidal cell is

much smaller in proportion and the cubitus and radius veins

join each other at the apex of the cubital cell—not a little

before it, as is usually the case with Formica and the subgenera

Donisthorpea, Chthonolasius, ete., of Acanthomyops.

Genotype. Leptothorax gurnetensis, Cockerell (1915).

Leucotaphus gurnetensis (Cockerell).

Syn. Leptothorax gurnetensis, Cockerell, 1915, p. 485, pl. Ixv. figs, 4, 5.

Cockerell had before him only a not quite complete fore

wing and part of another (which he considered a variety) ;

and, as he himself writes, ‘‘ This seems to be a Leptothoraw,

but I have only the wings to judge from.” Unfortunately

the fragments described by Cockerell will have to be the

holoty pes of this species and variety. Many of the specimens

in the large series I have studied are nearly complete. Most

of the winged specimens present the lateral aspect, others the

dorsal, with the wings expanded. ‘The wings are generally

complete and the neuration very distinct. The species is, of

course, a Camponotine, and not a Myrmicine, there being

only a single joint to the pedicel, which bears a scale, as in

Formica, Acanthomyops, ete.

L. gurnetensis closely resembles Formica primitiva, Heer

(1850), from the Oeningen beds; but, apart trom the generic

distinction, it is much smaller.

I have seen some eight workers, nearly all of them

being on the same piece of rock as winged specimens. The

head is small, the scale distinct, and some parts of the legs

are present, but the general outline is not very clear. ‘The

length is 2-2°7 mm. (PI. V. fig. 80).

There is also what I consider to be the cocoon on the same

block as a winged ant of this species [(b. 71), I. 9343

(Pi. V. fig.8a)]. It measures 3 mm. in length and is shaped

as in Aeanthomyops. Whieeler found cocoons with Formica

and Acanthomyops in the Baltic amber.

The variation in measurements of these ants is as follows :—

Length 2°5-3°5 mm. ; fore wing, long 2:8-3:7 mm.; hind

90 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

wing, long 1°5-2°5 mm.; upper end of transverso-medialis to

lower end of basalis 1°5-2'°5 mm.; lower side of discoidal

cell -2—-3 mm. ; cubital cell, long -7-1 mm.

There are several larger specimens which may be the

females of this species, this sex being, on that view, larger

than the male, as in some of the subgenera of Acanthomyops;

some are deiilated, others winged. One specimen [(b. 106),

I. 10097)] is very perfect, showing well the segments of the

thorax and gaster. It possesses the small head and discoidal

cell of the smaller specimens, as well as a similar wing-

neuration. Its measurements are:—Long 4:5 mm.; fore

“wing 4 mm.; hind wing 3 mm.; transverso-medialis to

basalis ‘6 mm.; discoidal cell, lower side °3 mm.; cubital

cell, long 1°1 mm.

A few specimens possess a larger discoidal cell, and agree

with Cockerell’s var. a; in specimen (b. 64), I. 9082, a

female 4°5 mm. in length, the lower side of the discoidal cell

is ‘7 mm. long.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’Court Smith, and

Hooley).

Plesiotype, (b. 72), I. 9756 (Pl. V. fig. 8).

Ergatotype, (b. 56), I. 9744. Other workers, (b. 101),

1210248 ; (b. 104), 1. 9688 = .(b. 107), Im: 17250"; (b. 108),

1.87225 (b. 109), 1. 9483; (b. 116), YE: 168; (b. 117),

H. 450.

Cockerell’s var. a is represented by: (b. 7), I. 81026 ;

(br15);20.17202's {b. 11), in217 298.

Other specimens :—

I.: 7286, 8539, 8677, 8678, 8681, 8684, 8698, 8719, 8724,

8728, 8735, 8736, 8737, 8740, 8759, 8764, 8765, 8889, 8927,

8972 (b. 105, b. 113), 8994, 8999, 9013, 9037, 9039, 9142,

9163, 9168, 9184, 9218, 9231, 9242, 9246, 9250, 9266, 9275,

9281, 9285, 9295, 9299, 9332, 9351, 9353, 9356, 9369, 9386,

9406, 9511, 9526, 9578, 9584, 9593, 9632, 9653, 9667, 9677,

9718, 9723, 9746,-9751, 9762, 9763, 9774, 9778, 9796

(PI. V. fig. 9); 9823;°9847, 9869, 9889; 9900,°9908; 9918;

9930, 9958, 9996, 10005, 10006, 10018, 10040, 10:03,

10120, 10123, 10127, 10185, 10215, 10256, 10258, 10265,

10341.

In.: 17066, 17084, 17106, 17175, 17181, 17203, 17213,

17227, 17250, 17281, 17318, 19602.

HS 1990489, 377:

Leucotaphus cockerelli, sp. n.

Two large specimens agree in structure and neuration with

British Oligocene Ants. 9%

the genotype. They possess the small head, small discoidal

cell, long cubital cell, etc., but are considerably larger, and it

is, perhaps, best to treat them as a distinct species. One

[I. 9028] is a detilated female, 5°5 mm. long; the other

[ I. 8517] is winged, and is 6 mm. long; fore wing 6 mm. ;

hind wing 3°5 mm. Although the neuration of the wing is

clear enough to show its correspondence with that of J. gurne:-

ensis, it is too indistinct for exact measurement.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Flolotype, (bs 115), E850 (Bravia fie. 10).

Paratype, (b. 64), I. 9028.

Tribe OECOPHYLLINYI, Forel.

Genus OrcopHyLLa, I. Smith.

This genus occurs at the present day in Africa, India (with

Ceylon ete.), Australia, and New Guinea. These ants are

famous on account of their interesting habit of employing

their larvee to sew together the leaves and other materials of

which their nests are constructed.

Wheeler (1914), in his most important work on the ants

of the Baltic amber, mentions two species—O. brisckei, Mayr,

of which he had examined thirty-six workers and two males

(which he describes), and O. brevinodis, newly described from

a single worker. Himery (1891) described the worker of

another species—O. sicu/a—from the Sicilian amber, and

Cockerell based three more species on five specimens from

the Isle of Wight deposit.

Oecophylla megarche, Cockerell (1915, p. 486).

Of the large series of Oecophylla I have seen from the

Gurnet Bay locality, forty-two specimens appear to belong to

this species.

Cockerell gives the length of the fore wing as 20°5 mm. ;

but his specimen, which unfortunately has to be the holotype,

is not complete. In the complete wings before me (some

nine specimens) the length varies from 22 to 24°5 mm., the

other measurements of the cells and veins varying in propor-

tion. ‘The upper section of the basalis is longer than that of

the lower, and the two sections are in a straight line. The

length of the hind wing described by Cockerell is 16 mm. ;

that of three hind wings which I have examinedis 18mm. It

may be worth while to mention that the length of the fore

wing in the modern Oecophylla smaragdina is about 16 mm.

and that of the hind wing 10 mm.

92 Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe on

Cockerell describes the head of a female with long massive

jaws and part of the body. I have seen three deilated

females: one specimen [Il. 8702] exhibits the head with

massive jaws, outline of thorax, petiole and gaster, and part

of the femora of all six legs. A number of eggs are visible

within the gaster. Its measurements are as follows :—Length

12°5 mm.; petiole 1:2 mm.; gaster, long 3°5 mm., broad

3 mm.; head, long 3 mm., broad 2°55 mm. The second

specimen [I. 8711] possesses the left intermediate leg com-

plete. It measures :—Length 12°7 mm.; head, long 3 mm.,

broad 2°6 mm. ; petiole 15 mm.; gaster, long 3°5 mm., broad

4mm. The third specimen [I. 9335] consists only of a

thorax, petiole, and part of the gaster with some of the

segments visible, and a bit of one femur. A specimen of

part of a winged female [In. 17313] shows the head with

large jaws and eyes, thorax with scutellum fairly distinct, and

traces of three wings, the petiole, and the two anterior legs.

The head is 3 mm. long and 2°7 mm. broad.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie, A’ Court Smith, Hooley).

Plesiotype (wing) (no. 63), I. 8882 (Pl. V. fig. 11);

plesiotype (dedlated 9) (no. 6), I. 8702 (PI. V. fig. 12).

Other specimens :—

I.: 8335, 8705, 8708, 8711, 8797, 8806, 9151, 9548, 9655,

10368, 10386.

In.: 17085, 17115, 17233, 17241, 17243, 17273, 17313;

17342, 17416, 17418, 17419, 17420.

Hz 27-2, 89,797 ,.98,, 99,100, 102, 105; Dll stds. log.

327, 370, 392, 420, 483.

On one fragment of rock [ (68), I. 9613], bearing remains

of Oecophylla wings, are several specimens of what appear to

be workers. These are indistinct, but show the outline of a

head, thorax, petiole and gaster, and some legs, which may

well belong to Ovcophylla. These ants are small, being only

3°5 mm. in length (the smallest worker of O. smaragdina in

my collection measures 4 mm.), and I am quite unable to

decide to which of Cockerell’s other species they should be

referred. I should say they were too small for O. megarche.

I have been quite unable to satisfy myself to which of

Cockerell’s other species the rest of the two: hundred and

forty-five specimens of O8ecophylla belong. They are all

smaller than specimens of UO. megarche. A chart of the

measurements shows that they vary in every possible way—

in size, size of wings, and all other measurements. Nor does

it appear to me that any good purpose would be served by

creating a number of new species, which would probably

embrace or overlap Cockerell’s O. atavina and O. perdita.

British Oligocene Ants. 93

Tribe CAMPONOTINYI, Forel.

Genus Camponotus, Mayr.

Subgenus CoLoBopsis, Mayr.

Camponotus (Colobopsis) brodiet, sp. 0.

One specimen appears to me to be a soldier of Colobopsis,

on account of the square anterior truncation of its head. The

head, thorax, scale, and gaster, three legs, and a part of one

antenna are present.

Length 4°5 mm.; head, long 1:7 mm.; breadth in middle

of head 1°3 mm., at apex *7 mm.

Oligocene at Gurnet Bay (Brodie).

Holotype, (D. 2), I. 9551, on same block as an Ocecophylla ;

in brits Mus. (Pl. Vig, 13).

Wheeler (1914) described a new genus Dryomyrmex, with

two species, from the Baltic amber. At first he regarded

them as belonging to the subgenus Colobopsis of Camponotus,

but he found that the different structure of the antenne and

frontal carinze placed them near Aphomyrmex. Such cha-

racters as these are unfortunately not visible in specimens

imbedded in rock. He points out that the structure of the

head ete. shows that the ants lived in cavities of twigs, in

oak-galls, or in abandoned insect-galleries in solid wood, like

the species of Colobopsis.

WORKS REFERRED TO.

AvoupH, KE. 1880. “ Ueber das Flugelgeider des Lasius wmbratus,

Nyl.” Verh. Ver. Rheinl., xxxvil. pp. 35-53.

Bropir, P. B. 1895, “ Tertiary Fossil Ants in the Isle of Wight.”

‘Nature,’ li. p. 570.

CocKERELL, T.D. A. 1915. “British Fossil Insects.” Proc. U.S.

Nat. Mus., xlix. pp. 469-499.

DonistHorPE, H. Sr. J. K. 1915. ‘British Ants, their Life-history

and Classification.’ Plymouth: Brenden & Son, Ltd.

Emery, C. 1891. ‘Le Formiche dell’ ambra siciliana nel museo

mineralogico dell’ Universita di Bologna.” Mem. Ace. Se. Bologna,

v. pp. 141-165.

Heer, O. 1850. ‘“ Die Insektenfauna der Tertiiirgebilde von Oeningen

und von Radoboj in Croatien.” Denkschr, Schweiz. Ges. Naturw.,

xi. pp. 1-264.

Westwoop, J. O. 1854. “Contributions to Fossil Entomology.”

Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond., x. pp. 3878-396,

Wueetre, W.M. 1914. “The Ants of the Baltic Amber.” Schrift.

Physik-dkonom, Gesell. Konigsberg, lxv, pp. 1-142.

Woopwarp, H. 1879. ‘On the Occurrence of Branchipus (or Chiro-

cephalus) in a Fossil State, associated with Eospheroma and with

numerous Insect Remains, in the Eocene Freshwater (Bembridge)

Limestone of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight.” Quart. Journ. Geol.

Soc, Lond., xxxv. pp. 342-350,

94 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. S. Kershaw on

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

The figures are drawn by Miss O. F. Tassart, with guidance from the

author’s sketches and under his direction.

The magnification given is linear and is only approximate.

Ig. 1. Syntaphus wheeleri, sp. n., holotype. I. 8744. x 7°7

Ing. 2. Ditto, paratype. TOS 26,09% 7°7

Fig. 3. Euponera (Mesoponera) crawley?, sp. n., holotype.

T8679. xX 1:3;

Fig, 4. Ponera minuta, sp. n., holotype. 1S Siok. ax od,

Ig. 5. Emplastus emeryi, sp. n., holotype. HH. 1297 ©7472.

tig. 6. Dolichoderus vectensis, sp. n., holotype. TPOLIS 7) ow;

Lig. 7. Dolichoderus gurnetensis, sp. n., holotype. 1 OTSOS XT.

vg. 8. Leucotaphus gurnetensis (Cockerell), 1.97560 xX 73!

Fig 8a. Ditto, cocoon. I. 9343. x 2°8.

Fig. 86. Ditto, worker. I, 9744. x 4°.

Fg. 9, Ditte. PE S796> Xx 73.

Fg. 10. Leucotaphus cockerelli, sp. n. T8817. :(X 1553;

Zig. 11. Ocvcophylla megarche, Cockerell, wing. I. 8882, x 2°7,

Fg. 12. Ditto, deilated female. I. 8702. x 4,

Lig. 18. Camponotus (Colobopsis) brodiei, sp. n., holotype.

I. 9561. x 6.

VI.—On a Oollection of Mammals from the Dinka Country,

Bahr-el-Djebel. By Martin A. C. HINTON and P. 8.

KERSHAW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1918 and 1919 Major J. Stevenson Hamilton made a

collection of mammals trom the banks of the Bahr-el-Djebel,

northwards from Lado. He presented his specimens to the

Wellcome Research Laboratory at Khartoum, and they have

now been sent to the British Museum for determination.

‘The collection is one of considerable interest, and it materially

increases our knowledge of the fauna of this region.

1. Eidolon helvum, Kerr.

o. 181 (immature). Duk.

Dinka name “ Alik.”

2. Nycteris hispida, Schreb.

3. 79, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89; 2. 80, 81,82. Kon-

gor, 60 miles north of Bor.

3. 95, 96,97. Duk Fagwil, Dinka Country.

Gita, igo. awbuk WE adiate

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 95

S$. 91; 9. 90,92. Dinka Country, 40 miles north of

Bor.

Dinka name “ Alik.”

3. Rhinolophus fumigatus eloguens, K. Andersen.

?. 119. Yei, Lado Enclave, 70 miles west of Nile and

150 miles from Lake Albert.

4, Lavia frons affinis, And. & Wrought.

@ 00,07, 60; 9. 58, GI. eMongalla.

oe l45, Duk:

?. 190. Conglei.

Dinka name “ Alik.”’

Generally found in trees, but occasionally in huts. The

contents of the stomachs of two specimens were examined,

aud found to consist of mosquitos and small flies.

5. Cherephon pumilus, Cretasch,

6. 23, 35, 50, 51, 55,65; 2. 9a, 52, 53,63. Mongalla.

Eoe7O. Tt, 10 114; “9. 219, LIS. Bor.

3. 9b (mummy).

All caught in houses or huts.

6. Laphozous hamiltoni, Thos.

@. 118 (the type). Mongalla.

This species was described from this collection by Mr.

Thomas last January (supra, p. 142).

7. Crocidura nyanse, Neumann,

O. 72, 125, 127, 138, 1438; 9. 136, 146,185. Bor.

9.44. Mongalla.

The material ig not sufficient to allow of more precise

determination.

8. Crocidura sericea, Sund.

?. 18. Badigeru Swamp, east of Mongalla.

2. 25, 37. Mongalla.

eee On WHOL ECT... - Duk:

Dinka name “ Y éiin.”

9. Crocidura turba nilotica, Heller.

@. Badigeru Swamp, east of Mongalla.

9. Mongalla,

6:2

96 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. 8S. Kershaw on

10. Croctdura lutrella, Heller.

3. 2,66. Mongalla.

11. Genetta stuhlmanni, Matsch.

6.15639 9. 150. Dak.

2. 99. Duk Fagwil.

Oe io. Bor.

Dinka name “ Angong ;”’ Nuer name “ gong.”

12. Genetta wequatorialis, Heugl.

&. 39, 73. Mongalla.

9.41. Luri River, 10 miles west of Lado.

13. Civettictis civetta, Schreb.

183. Bor.

14, Herpestes ichneumon, Linn.

3. 54,64. Mongalla.

2, 149, 151, 152. Dak:

Nuer name ‘ Lunchi.”

It is possible that these should be referred to Osgood’s

I. i. funestus; the following are the dental measurements of

no. 64:—canine to ™3 84:2 mm; 2? 5:3x2°8; 2% 10:3;

MAS | Gara Oo Oe

15. Herpestes sanguineus, Riipp.

3. 26. Mongalla.

16. Ichneumia albicauda leucura, Hemp. & Ehr.

Oe L28E ee. ARS Aor:

A skin collected at Khartoum by Mr. H. H. King.

The Khartoum specimen is small, light-coloured, with a

white tail, Those from Bor are large, dark-coloured, with

biack tails; their cranial and dental measurements are as

follows :—

Condylo-basal Canine

length. ROC a 2B LUT mM. 2s

Lear 105 4] 98 8-4 66 x 4°1 mm.

129) 23% 101°'8 392 9:2 81 63x39

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 97

17. Mungos gotneh, Fitz.

g9o. Bor

?. 182. North of Bor.

Dinka name * Ador.”’

Pocock (P. Z. 8. 1916, p.349) has shown that the African

banded mongooses are not congeneric with Crossarchus, and

he therefore revived Gray’s Arie/a for their reception. But

quite recently Allen (Journ. of Mamm. i. p. 27) has recalled

the fact that the genus Mungos was primarily established

upon an African banded mongoose. Therefore Mungos

becomes the generic name of the animal called in recent years

“ Crossarchus fasciatus”? and its allies; while the time-

honoured Herpesies is restored to the true mongooses,

18. Canis thooides, Hiltz.

ClO bor.

For the determination of this specimen we are indebted to

Mr. Thomas. It has been transferred to the National Collec-

tion by the Wellcome Research Laboratory, and it is,a note-

worthy accession, because this interesting Jackal was previously

unrepresented in the British Museum.

19. Heliosciurus multicolor madoge, Heller.

2a. A skin collected by Mr. J. H. Miller at Kajo Kaji, on

the west bank of the Bahr-el-Djebel, 15 or 20 miles from the

river and 60 miles south of Rejat.

Practically topotypical.

20. Taterona benvenuta, sp. n.

. 47; 2. 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 33, 34, 48,49. Mongalla.

. 94. 40 miles north of Bor.

. 98; 2.100. Duk Fagwil.

. 164, 168, 178, 180. Duk.

. 194. Lang. ;

Dinka name “* Ayom.” Caught in grass and undergrowth.

The following specimens, presented by Mr, A. L. Butler to

the British Museum, are also referable to this species :—

6. 8. 7.13.3. Bor; collected by Dr. Wenyon.

2 ad. andjuv. 8. 4. 2. 20-21. Chak-chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Hab.—Bahr-el-Djebel ; ranging south to Lake Albert and

west to the neighbourhood of Dem Zubeir, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

— Type.—An adult female (B.M. 20. 4.26.27; original no, 49)

collected at Mongalla, Jan. 18, 1918, by Major J. Stevenson

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 7

+0 Oy OY OF OY

98 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and P. S. Kershaw on

Hamilton; presented to the British Museum by the Wellcome

Research Laboratory.

Description.—This is a medium-sized sober-hued species,

differing externally from 7. robusta and its allies by having

no tuft to the tail and in its skull by the more nearly ortho-

dont incisors and truncated rostrum, the nasals ending almost

flush with the anterior surfaces of the incisors instead of

projecting noticeably beyond them.

Size medium (average of ten adults: head and body

138 mm. ; tail 155; hind foot 32).

Tail clothed throughout with short stiff hairs (black or

dark brown above, pure white below), which do not com-

pletely conceal the annulations on the upper surface. At

the tip these hairs become a little longer and finer, projecting

for 2 to 3 mm. beyond the last vertebra; but there is no

pencil or dorsal fringe as in robusta or macropus.

Colour of upper surface much duller, than in the species

with fringed tails. Ground-colour near “ clay-colour,” much

darkened by black hair-tips on top of head and along mid-

dorsum ; gradually brightening on flanks to dull’ buff.

Underparts sharply contrasted, pure white. Feet and hands

white above. ‘Tail dusky above, dirty white below.

Skull_—With nearly orthodont, rather broad, shallowly

grooved upper incisors. Anterior blades of premaxille,

between incisors and nasals, little developed. Nasals rela-

tively short, not projecting far in advance of anterior faces of

incisors ; occipito-nasal and nasal lengths respectively equal

to 108-110 °/, and 43-45 °/, of condylo-incisive length ; in

robusta the corresponding dimensions are equal to 114-115 °/,

and 49-52 °/,. Brain-case relatively narrow and deep.

Dimensions of type and of no. 94 (an old 3, in parentheses) :—Head

and body 169 (158) mm. ; tail 175 (—); hind foot (on skins) 34 (35) ;

ear 19 (21).

Skull: condylo-incisive length 37:2 (39:7); occipito-nasal length 41:1

(42°8); nasals 16°63:9 (17'8X3'8); zygomatic breadth 20°8 (—);

interorbital breadth 6-1 (65); cranial width 16;8 (16°8) ; median occi-

pital depth 10°9 (11: I); bulla 11-6 x 6:8 (12x 7) # gental length 20°6 (22) ;

molars (crowns) 6°3 (6: 4).

Remarks.—One of us lately has been paying much atten-

tion to this difficult genus. In the countries bordering the

Nile and in Hast Africa Taterona shows a tendency to split

into two well-marked groups. In one of these groups the

tail is fringed and the coloration usually bright or intense ;

and these external characters are correlated with protruding

nasals, large premaxillary outgrowths, opisthodont incisors,

aud small cheek-teeth. In the other the tail-has no fringe

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 99

and the colour is dull, while the skull has a truncated rostrum,

with short nasals and small premaxillary outgrowths, ortho-

dont incisors, and large molars. TZ. robusta (including

murinus, Sund.), macropus, nigricauda, and mombase are

typical members of the first group ; while benvenuta, flavipes,

soror, and liodon (with its nearest allies) are representative of

the second. In South Africa the distinction between the two

groups seems to break down or is less marked. This may,

however, be merely an appearance, for it is possible that one

of the two groups may be missing from the country south of

the Zambezi. If such be the case, the group actually present

there must fill all the accommodation available for the genus ;

and therefore it would not tend to be specialized in either of

the two directions as is necessitated elsewhere by competition.

The absence of rivals weakens allegiance.

T. flavipes and soror, described from the banks of the Blue

Nile by Mr. G. M. Allen, are clearly nearly related to ben-

venuta. In the absence of material from the Blue Nile we

are unable to make a proper eomparison ; flavipes is, how-

ever, a considerably larger form than ours, while sorvor would

seem to be smaller, brighter in colour, and to have relatively

smaller bullee.

We would take this opportunity to describe

21. Taterona benvenuta lucia, subsp. n.

TTab.—Musisi River, Lake Albert. Altitude 2400 feet.

Type.—An old female (B.M. 11. 12. 9. 34), collected with

a male in February 1911, and presented to the British

Museum by Mr. Gilbert Blaine.

This differs from the typical form of the Bahr-el-Djebel by

iis smaller size, shorter tail, and darker colour.

With regard to the difference in size, the lind foot

measures 30-31 mm., instead of about 34 as in adults of the

typical form; and the condylo-incisive length of the very old

female skull is 37°8 instead of about 40 mm.

‘he tail is about equal to the length of the head and body,

instead of being appreciably greater. The back is much more

completely and extensively darkened by the black hair-tips

than in true benvenuta.

Skull.—General form as in true benvenuta, but smaller and

wit relatively broader brain-case ; incisors with still weaker

grooves.

Dimensions of the type and ¢ (in parentheses) :—Head and body 150

(151) mm.; tail 151 (162) ; hind foot 30 (31); ear 19 (21).

100 Messrs. M. A. ©. Hinton and P. 8. Kershaw on

Skull: condylo-incisive length 37:8 (36:9); occipito-nasal length 40:7

(40:2) ; nasals 17-2 x 4:5 (16 x 4'1) ; zygomatic breadth 20:8 (20°3) ; inter-

orbital breadth 6°8 (6:4); cranial width 17:1 (17:1); median occipital

depth 10:7 (10°4) ; bulla 11°3 x 67 (11:3 x 6:9) ; dental length 21:1 (20°6) ;

molars (crowns) 6°3 (6°7).

22. Taterillus emini, Thos.

9.132. Aliab Country, west of Nile. Caught in forest

near river.

23. Cricetomys gambianus, subsp. ?

195. Loka, west of Rejaf.

No skull. One of the harsh-furred group.

24. Rattus alghazal, Wrought.

@. 42. Luri River, 10 miles west of Lado.

- ¢. 43. Luaba, 2 miles west of Lado.

25. Rattus (Mastomys) sp.

dG. 159, 160; 161; 162, 165; 166) 167, 173; avo, iG:

9. 154, 155, 163, 169, 172,174. Duk.

&. 17, 101, 102, 107, Aa0, 140-184 186; 9. 4eaie:

105, 131, 144. Bor.

. 4, 13, 16@,.31,417; 2. 15;.32. -Monealla

. 183. Aliab Country, west of Nile, opposite Bor.

. 184. Kenisa,

. 141. Rengko.

. 148. Kongor.

. 40. Luuri Kiver, 10 miles west of Nile, near-Lado.

Dinka name “Lok” (that given for 148 is “Kun”’). Cap-

tured in or near villages.

+0 +0 40 40 40 O45

26. Grammomys macmillani gazelle, Thos.

3g. 36. Mongalla ; captured in long grass.

?. 139. Bor; captured in forest about 1 mile from river.

27. Leggada bella (subsp. ?).

g. 122. Kenisa, Bahr-el-Djebel.

0. 120. Duk.

Caught in grass near forest.

These differ a good deal from each other and may represent

distinct subspecies.

Mammals from the Dinka Country, Bahr-el-Djebel. 101

28. Acomys wilsoni argillaceus, subsp. n.

38. Mongalla.

Oe LOS.) Bor:

Type-—B.M. 20. 4. 26.15, original no, 38. Collected

2nd June, 1918, by Major Stevenson Hamilton ; presented

to the National Collection by the Wellcome Research

Laboratory.

Captured in scrub and undergrowth.

Size a little less than in Acomys wilsoni, Thos., from which

it also differs in its less rufous colouring. Spines thick,

annulated, their extreme tips being “ seal-brown,” succeeded

by a broad band of “clay-colour,” which is followed by

“orey ” (no. 6, Ridgway) to the base. General colour very

similar to that of A. w. ablutus, Dollm., but lighter owing to

the clay-coloured annulations being broader in our animal.

Skull very much as in A. wiélsont, conspicuously larger

than in A. w. ablutus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh):—Head and body

76 mm.; tail 51; hind foot 12; ear 10.

Skull, type and no. 108 (in parentheses) : condylo-incisive length 22-4

(23°2) ; occipito-nasal length 24°6 (—) ; zygomatic breadth 12-1 (12:1) ;

interorbital constriction 4°5 (4°5); breadth of brain-case 11:1 (11:1);

length of anterior palatal foramina 6 (5°7); dental length 11°8 (12);

molars (crowns) 3°5 (3'8).

Remarks.—This member of the wilsonz group is geographi-

cally isolated, its nearest neighbours on the north and south

being A. witherbyi and A. hystrella, from both of which it

differs widely in size and colour.

29. Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens, Wr.

Bo mGt, o. 9993. Se 3,0, 10, Ll 12) 13, 14) 305°45, 46;

124. Mongalla.

lS, 105,123, 1265" 9s 104, 135, 1375) Bor.

30. Lemniscomys zebra, Heugl.

. 16,19. Badigeru Swamp, 20 miles east of Mongalla,

. 62. Mongalla.

= i egat.

+0 OF OY

102 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the

VIL.—The Specivs of Pedetes inhabiting Angola.

; By Martin A, C. Hinton.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE existence of a jumping hare in Southern Angola has

long been known. Peters (P. Z. 8. 1865, p. 400) referred an

imperfect skin, collected by Dr. Welwitsch in the district of

Golungo Alto, to Pedetes caffer; and later Bocage (Journ.

Sci. math.-phys. nat. Lisboa, (2) no. v. (1890) p. 19) stated

that “ M. de Anchieta l’a rencontrée 4 Humbe, sur le bord du

Cunene, ot elle ne doit pas étre rare, car notre voyageur nous

a envoyé de cette localité trois individus adultes.” No other

information has been published about the Angolan springhaas,

and no material has reached the British Museum hitherto.

Thanks to the kindness of Mr. E. Sanders, of the British

Mission at Bilé, the National Collection has been enriched

recently by the skins of two females, one of the skins being

accompanied by a fine skull. These specimens were obtained

at Cholinde, a place 20 miles N.E. of Bihé; they come,

therefore, from a district far to the north of that which

yielded the material mentioned by Peters and Bocage.

Mr. Sanders’s specimens prove that the Angolan animal is

a close relation of P. caffer, being, with the latter, sharply

differentiated from the Hast-A frican surdaster by the characters

of the skull. But in colour it is far darker than any of the

subspecies of P. caffer, and the skull is of peculiarly long and

narrow form. It must therefore be referred to a distinct

species, which may be called

Pedetes angola, sp. n.

Type.—An adult female (B.M. 19. 12. 19. 1) collected at

Cholinde, 20 miles N.E. of Bilhé, Angola, and presented to

the British Museum by Mr. E. Sanders.

In size, external characters, and skull (as regards the form

of the anterior palatal region and the development of the

internal ear) closely agreeing with P. caffer, differing from

the latter chiefly in its darker colour, harsher fur, and longer

and narrower skull.

Fur noticeably harsher than in caffer. General colour of

upper parts darker, between dull “tawny ochraceous” and

“Sudan brown,”. darkened on top of muzzle and head by

numerous black hair-tips, and dulled on the back by the

Species of Pedetes inhabiting Angola. 103

partly visible slaty bases of the hairs. A light area invades

the flank-colour from below just in front of the thighs, as in

cafer. Under parts less pure white than in cafer, the fur

noticeably thinner and harsher. Hands and feet as in caffer.

Colour of upper surface of proximal three-fourths of tail pure,

not darkened by dark hair-tips, the tint being between dull

“tawny ochraceous” and “ Sudan brown” ; lower surface

of same region of tail dirty white, tinged with brown, many

of the hairs towards the root of the tail having slaty bases.

Terminal fourth of tail black above and below.

Skull longer and relatively narrower than in P. caffer, the

zygomatic arches being considerably less expanded ; zygo-

matic and greatest squamosal breadths respectively equal to

69°6 °/, and 56 °/, of the condylo-basal length; in caffer

(fourteen skulls belonging to three subspecies examined) the

zygomatic breadth varies between 72°3 and 78:3 °/., the

greatest squamosal breadth between 56°7 and 63°2 °/, of the

condylo-basal length. The petro-mastoid is rather more

inflated than in cafer, for the least distance between the

bullz upon the upper surface of the skull amounts to no more

than 26°6 °/, of the greatest squamosal breadth; the average

value of this dimension in all forms of caffer is 31°7 °/,, the

range being 28°5 to 84°7 °/,.. The anterior border of the

interparietal is but slightly convex, almost straight, not

thrown forwards as a strong: process intercalated between the

parietals, as is the case in caffer and surdaster. On the

ventral surface the lateral flanges of the basioccipital, abutting

against the median surfaces of the auditory bullee, are much

less developed than in caffer; there are two small foramina—

one behind the other—in the middle line of the basisphenoid,

and a larger irregular vacuity in the basioccipital. The

fossa containing the anterior palatal foramina is as deep and

extensive as in caffer. In profile the maxillary portion of the

outer wall of the infraorbital canal is considerably broader

antero-posteriorly than in any other Pedefes before me. In

caffer and in surdaster the hinder part of the jugal bears a

well-marked impression for the origin of the ‘ postero-

superior almost horizontal” portion of the masseter (ateralis

muscle (figured by Tullberg, ‘Taf. x. fig. 8), and the ventral

border of the bone is produced downwards and backwards to

form a well-marked angular process ; in ango/e the muscular

impression in question is very feebly developed, while the

angular process is lacking. Thecheek-teeth offer no tangible

differences. The upper incisors are a litile less opisthodont

than in caffer, but, owing to the irregular form of the incisive

104 Mr. C. T. Regan on new

alveolus in this genus, the incisive angle is difficult to

measure satisfactorily.

Dimensions of the skull * —Condylo-basal length 80°8 mm.; occipito-

nasal length 92°4; zygomatic breadth 56'1; greatest squamosal breadth

452; least distance between periotics on dorsal surface 12; nasals

35°3 x 21°56; dental length 50°6; cheek-teeth at grinding-surface 17-4.

VIE .—Tiree new Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory.

By C. Tate Reaan, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tur fishes described below form part of a collection made at

Morogoro, Tanganyika Territory, by Mr. A. Loveridge, and

have been presented by him to the Natural History Museum.

Labeo loveridget, sp. n.

Body compressed; depth 4 in the length; length of head

41. Snout obtusely pointed, strongly projecting beyond

mouth, somewhat swollen, with scars of tubercles and with a

curved transverse groove above, its length not quite } length

of head. Eyes supero-lateral ; diameter 5 in length of head ;

interorbital width 24, width of mouth 23 in length ef head.

Inner surface of lips with transverse plicee ; lower bordered

in front with a fringe of papillee ; rostral flap free at the sides,

its edge crenulate ; barbel minute, hidden. Dorsal 12, with

9 branched rays, equidistant from end of snout and base of

caudal; upper edge concave ; third simple and first branched

ray a little longer than head. Anal 8, with 5 branched rays.

Pectoral nearly as long as head, not reaching pelvic, the first

ray of which is below the fourth branched ray of dorsal.

‘audal deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle 14 as long as

deep. 38 scales in lateral line, 53 from origin of dorsal to

lateral line, 4 between lateral line and pelvic fin, 16 round

caudal peduncle.

A single specimen, 195 mm. long.

This species is near L. forskalit and L. cylindricus, which

have a wider mouth and the snout broadly rounded.

* J am unable to give external measurements.

Fishes from the Tanganyika Territory. 105

Barbus aphantogramma, sp. n.

Depth of body 34 to 32 in the length, length of head 34

to 4. Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 34 to 4 in length of head; interorbital width 23.

Mouth small, terminal; one barbel on each side, its length

about $ diameter of eye. Dorsal 10-11, equidistant from

eye and base of caudal ; third ray a serrated spine, about 2

length of head ; free edge of fin straight. Anal 8. Pectoral

2 to ? length of head, not reaching pelvics, which are in

advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 to 2 as long as deep.

Scales radiately striated, 21 to 23 in a longitudinal series, 6

or 7 between dorsal and pelvic, 10 round caudal peduncle ;

lateral line absent, or reduced to 2 or 3 anterior scales with

tubules. A dark lateral stripe; a dark spot at origin of

dorsal, another at origin of anal, a third at base of caudal ;

fins pale.

Ten specimens, 30 to 38 mm. in total length.

Near B. apleurogramma, Bouleng., from Lake Victoria,

which has 25 scales in a longitudinal series and 8 round the

caudal peduncle, a longer dorsal spine, and a different

coloration.

PAREUTROPIUS, gen. nov.

Differs from Hutropius only in the smaller dorsal fin, of a

slender spine and three branched rays.

Pareutropius micristius, sp. n.

Depth of body 4 to 45 in the length, length of head 5} to 6.

Mouth terminal or snout slightly projecting, as long as

diameter of eye, which is 34 to 33 in length of head. Band

of teeth on palate continuous or narrowly interrupted in the

middle. Nasal barbel 3 to # length of head, maxillary and

outer mandibulary longer than head, inner mandibulary about

4 length of head. 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. Dorsal I 3, small, well in advance of pelvics; spine

slender, feebly serrated, $ to 2 length of head. Anal 53-55.

Pectoral nearly or quite reaching pelvics, Caudal deeply

forked. Caudal peduncle not longer than deep. Brownish

(in spirit) ; a dark spot above pectoral fin; a dark stripe

along lateral line and another above anal fin.

Seven specimens ; total length 75-100 mm.

106 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

IX.— Descriptions of Three new Frogs in the Collection of

the British Museum. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Rana hymenopus.

Vomerine teeth in long, transverse, slightly arched, oblique

series between the choane, originating at the anterior corners

of the latter and terminating on a line with their posterior

borders. Head a little broader than long, much depressed ;

snout rounded, scarcely projecting, a little longer than the

eye; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region very oblique ;

nostril a little nearer the eye than the tip of the snout; inter-

orbital width three-fourths that of the upper eyelid; tympanum

very distinct, two-thirds the diameter of the eye. Fingers

rather slender, obtusely pointed, first and second equal ;

subarticular tubercles rather large and very prominent.

Hind limb rather slender ; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching

the tip of the snout, heels overlapping when the limbs are

folded at right angles to the body; tibia 43 times as long as

broad, 13 times in length of head and body ; toes slender,

obtusely pointed, half-webbed, three phalanges of fourth and

two of third and fifth free; outer metatarsals united in the

basal half ; subarticular tubercles moderately large and very

prominent ; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, very prominent,

one-third the length of the inner toe; no outer tubercle.

Skin smooth ; a glandular fold from below the eye to the

shoulder. Greyish olive above, with dark dots and irregular

spots; limbs with regular dark cross-bars ; hinder side of

thighs dark brown, with small yellow spots; lower parts

white, throat spotted with brown.

From snout to vent 57 mm.

A single female specimen, labelled ‘“‘ South Africa,” pre-

sented by Sir Andrew Smith.

In its half-webbed toes this frog constitutes an interesting

link between the typical Rane and the group Strongylopus

of Tschudi.

Rana pumilio.

Vomerine teeth in very short oblique series close to the

anterior corners of the choane. Head slightly longer than

broad, much depressed ; snout obtusely pointed, projecting,

slightly longer than the eye; canthus rostralis rounded ;

Frogs in the B ritish Museum. 107

loreal region very oblique, feebly concave; nostril equi-

distant from the eye and the tip of the snout; interorbital

space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct,

two-thirds to three-fourths the diameter of the eye. Fingers

obtusely pointed, first, second, and fourth equal ; subarticular

tubercles moderately large; moderately prominent. Hind

limb rather short, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the

eye, the heels meeting or very feebly overlapping when the

limbs are folded at right angles to the body; tibia a little

more than twice in length of head and body; toes obtusely

pointed, two-thirds webbed, three phalanges of fourth and

one of fifth free ; subarticular tubercles rather small, mode-

rately prominent ; two small metatarsal tubercles, inner oval

and about one-third the length of the first toe, outer round ;

a small round tubercle on the tarsus just below the heel.

Skin smooth or granulate above, with four interrupted

narrow glandular folds along the back and a stronger dorso-

lateral ; a glandular fold from the eye to the shoulder ; sides

granulate. Greyish olive above, with a whitish vertebral

band or narrow streak, the dorso-lateral folds also whitish ;

back with dark spots or a dark band on each side of the light

vertebral ; a dark brown band from the end of the snout to

the eye, continued behind the latter as a large temporal spot ;

tympanum reddish brown; a white streak along the upper

lip; limbs with dark cross-bands; a white line along the

inner side of the tibia; hinder side of thighs brown, with or

without two interrupted white streaks; throat and belly

white, lower surface of limbs. flesh-colour. Male with a

blackish external vocal sac on each side of the throat, close to

the mandible, as in 2. maseareniensis.

The male measures 27 mm. from snout to vent, the

female 31.

Two specimens, the female with the body distended with

eggs, were obtained by M. F. Lataste at Medine, Senegal, in

September 1885. They were identified by me at the time as

R. mascareniensis.

The smallest African frog of the genus Rana. Inter-

mediate between R. mascareniensis, D. & B., and £&. trinodis,

Boettg.

Microhyla latasti.

Habit rather slender. Head as long as broad; snont

obtusely pointed, as long as the orbit, projecting ; interorbital

space much broader than the upper eyelid, a little broader

than the space between the nostrils. Fingers and toes mode-

108 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

rately elongate, the tips dilated into very small dises ; sub-

articular tubercles very prominent ; ‘first finger much shorter

than second; three very prominent carpal tubercles; toes

one-third webbed ; two small but very prominent metatarsal

tubercles, not larger than the subarticular tubercles, inner

oval, outer round. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the

eye; tibia four times as long as broad, a little more than

half the length of head and body. Back with scattered small

warts. Pale brown above, with a large dark brown marking,

finely edged with white, from between the eyes to the vent,

with three curved sinuses on each side, narrowest on the

occiput, broadest on the sacral region ; no dark lateral band ;

lower parts whitish, throat of male brown, darker on the

ehin.

From snout to vent 23 mm.

Two specimens, male and female, from Saigon, Cochin

China, taken by M. Holbé in 1887, formed part of the

Lataste Collection. Examples of /. tnornata, Blgr., and

M. achatina, Boie, were collected by M. Holbé in the same

locality.

The more extensive web between the toes, the more slender

hind limb, and the absence of a dark lateral band readily

distinguish this frog from M. achatina.

X.—Descriptions of Four new Snakes in the Collection of

the British Museum. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Cylindrophis aruensis.

Diameter of eye not quite one-third its distance from the

nostril. Snout as long as the distance between the eyes.

Rostral as deep as broad; nasalsin contact behind the rostral ;

frontal as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals, little

larger than the supraocular, larger than the parietal; six

upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in

24 rows; no enlarged ventrals; subcaudals 6. Reddish

brown, with white transverse spots forming two alternating

series on the back and cross-bars on the belly, some of which

are complete, others interrupted and the two halves alter-

nating ; a pair of large white blotches on the nape ; lower

surface of tail white.

Total length 170 mm.

Snakes in the British Museum. 109

Two specimens from Aru Island, from Mr. H. Rolle’s

collection.

Allied to C. boulenger?, Roux, but frontal shield apparently

smaller and 24 scales round the body instead of 20.

Zamenis hotsoni.

Snout moderately prominent, obtuse. Eye moderately

large. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from

above measuring one-fourth or one-third its distance from the

frontal; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the

prefrontals ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a

half to once and two-thirds as long as broad, longer than its

distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;

loreal as long as deep; one preocular, not reaching the

frontal, with a subocular below it; two postoculars ; tem-

porals 1+ 2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering

the eye, fourth in contact with the anterior temporal ; four

lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; poste-

rior chin-shields as long as or a little longer than the anterior,

separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, with a

single apical pit,in 17 rows. Ventrals not angulate laterally,

196; anal divided; subcaudals 90. Pale fawn-colour or

greyish above, each scale, except the outermost, with a black

central shaft; head without markings ; upper lip, pre- and

postoculars, outer row of scales, and lower parts yellowish

white.

Two specimens, the larger measuring about 500 mm., from

Shiraz, presented by Major J. E. B. Hotson to the Bombay

Natural History Society. ‘The smaller specimen is now in

the British Museum.

Distinguished from Z. gemonensis and Z. dahl by the

smaller eye, from the former by the single scale-pits, from

the latter by the number of rows of scales on the body and

the less slender form,

Elaps omissus.

Kye a little shorter than its distance from the mouth.

Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral large, nearly as deep as

broad, its upper portion one-third its distance from the frontal ;

internasals three-fifths the length of the prefrontals ; frontal

twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end

of the snout, shorter than the parietals, which are as long as

their distance from the end of the snout; one pre- and

two postoculars ; posterior nasal narrowly separated from the

110 On new Snakes in the British Aluseum.

preocular, the prefrontal in contact with the third upper

labial ; temporals 1+ 15 seven upper labials, third and fourth

entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the

anterior chin-shields, which are slightly shorter than ‘the

posterior. Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 214 5 anal divided ;

subcauduls 27, the six anterior entive, ‘Tail ending in an

obtuse point. ‘Ton triads of black annuli on the body, the

central annulus broadest, its width equal to the space sepa-

rating the triads, white spaces (in spirit) with black dots; on

the belly, the black bars nearly as broad as the white ; one

triad on the tail; head black above, with a white cross-band

behind the eyes, the posterior three-fifths of the frontal and

the anterior two-thirds of the parietals involved in it.

‘Total length 865 mm, ; tail 28.

A single female specimen from Venezuela, received from

Dr. F. Werner in L900,

Appears to come very near L, gravenhorstit, Jan, which is

only known to me from the description and figure.

Leptognathus hammondit.

Body slender, strongly compressed, Nye large. Rostral

nearly twice as broad as deep, not visible from above ; inter-

nasals about halfas long as the prefrontals ; frontal as long

as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,

much shorter than the parictals ; nasal divided; no preocular,

loreal and prefrontal entering the eye ; two large postoculars,

with a small third between them and the eye ; temporals

L+1 or 142; eight upper labials, third and fourth or

second, third, and fourth entering tho eye, sixth very

largo ; first lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the

symphysial; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior as long as

broad, Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals enlarged, as long as

broad on the posterior half of the body. Ventrals 210 5 anal

entire; subcaudals 121, 15 black annuli on the body, 10 on

the tail, separated by much narrower white ones ; head black,

with white vermiculation on the upper head-shields, on the

sides of the snout, and on the chin, white on the temples and

on the occiput.

Total length 410 mm. ; tail 120,

A single fomale specimen from Guatea, Western Meuador,

altitude 2900 feet, from the collection of Mr, G, Hammond,

Near L, gracilis, Bley, likewise from Western Heuador,

which it resembles in the coloration, but different in the

labial and temporal scutellation and in the more cularged

On Notoryctes in North-west Austratia, 114

vertebral scalos on the posterior part of the body. L. articu-

lata, Cope, is described as having four pairs of chin-shields,

I seize this opportunity to point out that Leptognathus

copii, Gthr., is distinct from LZ. pavonina, Schleg, It has

the scales in 15 rows, as stated by Giinther. The British

Museum has recently acquired au second specimen, from

Georgetown, British Guiana.

AI,—Notoryetes in North-west Australia,

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1910 Mr, Stockton, the Keeper of the Post Office at

Wollal, on Ninety-mile beach, North-west Australia, captured

a specimen of a Marsupial- mole (Notoryecles), an animal only

previously known from Central and Southern Australia,

The specimen was presented by a Mr, 8S. S. Pryor to the

West Australian Museum at Perth, where it has been

preserved till the present time.

Now, however, by the great kindness of Messrs. Aloxander

and Glauert of that Muse um, | have been allowed to make

un examination of it and to compare it with our series of the

more southern Volor ‘yeles typhlops.

As is not surprising, considering that its locality is nearly

a thousand miles from that of AV, “typhlops, the north-western

form proves to be distinct specifically, and may be described

as follows :—

Notoryeles caurinus, sp. 0.

Size rather less than in WV, typhlops. General colour above

approximately “pinkish cinnamon,” slightly paler below.

Cheeks, chin, and forearm more cinnamon-bulf—in fact,

the colour is very much as in Stirling’s figure * of WV, typhlops.

Claws and nasal pad smaller than in the latter,

Skull rather smatler than that of typhlops, the reduction in

size being mainly in the muzzle, which is both distinctly

shorter and has a narrower nasal 1 region, the breadth across

the end of the nasals about 2°4 mm. as compared with 3°2 or

* Trans, Roy, Soe, 8. Australia, 1891, pl. ii

112 On Notoryctes ¢n North-west Australia.

more. And the nasal opening is also less in height. Palate

slightly more imperfect. Bulle rather larger.

Five anterior upper teeth small and very uniform in size,

a} scarcely exceeding the others, and the last of the five

(probably p!) is a small simple tooth hardly equalling the

canine or posterior incisors. In NV. typhlops this tooth is

usually intermediate in size between these small anterior

teeth and the much larger p? and p* behind it. J? touches

its fellow of the opposite side, while the two are well separated

in LV. typhlops. Last molar—m’—small, narrow, almost

linear, scarcely showing any trace of the structure charac-

teristic of the anterior molars; in LV. typhlops, on the other

hand, the tooth is usually a reduced imitation of those in

front of it.

But the chief distinction is in the lower dentition, for JV.

caurinus carries the reduction of the teeth in the anterior

premolar region one stage further than oceurs in LV. typhlops.

As Dr. Gadow * has shown, that species varies considerably

in the development of the teeth of this region, so that different

specimens have in front of the secator (fifth tooth from the

back) either three full-sized teeth and a rudiment, four full-

sized teeth, or four and a rudiment—in the latter cases the

full number of ten lower teeth being present. But in

LV. caurinus there are only three pre-secator teeth, all full-

sized and not rudimentary, so that there are only eight teeth

in the whole series. And these three teeth occupy but a

very short space—2°8 mm.—ain correlation with the shortened

muzzle of the skull, and there is no special space between the

last of the three and the secator next behind it.

In some groups this difference in number would be of generic

or subgeneric value; but here, where we have already in the

type-species a range of from what we may call 3$ to 44

teeth, commonly differing on the two sides of the jaw, the

further reduction to three is clearly only of specific value.

The lower molars are all rather smaller than in JV. typhlops,

but there is no perceptible difference in the structure

of m;. With the lesser size and smaller number of the teeth

the total length of the lower tooth-row forms a very good

diagnostic character of JV. caurinus.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the dried skin) :—

Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 125; nose-pad 9°2 x 5:7; large

anterior claw 13°8 x 3°3; second large claw 12-2 x 6°7.

Skull: greatest length 23°7 ; condylo-basal length 21;

* P.Z. S. 1891, p. 366.

On a new Genus of Echimyine. 113

zygomatic breadth 14°8 ; breadth across forehead 9°6; inter-

orbital breadth 8°3; palatal length 10°5 ; breadth outside

m' 9. Combined length of five small anterior teeth 4:2;

combined length of four molaritorm teeth (p*-m?) 4:2; lower

tooth-row 8:3 (9°8 in LV. typhlops) ; three anterior teeth 2°8 ;

four molariform teeth 4°4.

Hab. Wollal, N.W. Australia.

Type. Adult female. Skin no. 10442 in West Australian

Museum, Perth. Skull transferred by exchange to British

Museum, B.M. no. 20.5. 21.1. Captured 29th August,

LILO:

It is a matter of very great interest to find this anomalous

type of marsupial represented by a second species in the far

North-west, and the authorities of the Perth Museum are

deserving of our gratitude for permitting a comparison to be

made of the unique Wollal specimen with the allied form of

Central Australia.

XII.—A new Genus of Echimyine.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some Amazonian mammals sent for determination by

the authorities of the Goeldi Museum, Para, there occurs a

single specimen of a Spiny-rat collected by Friiulein Dr. E.

Snethlage on the River Tapajoz, and this proves to represent

anew genus of that most interesting group. It belongs to

the series of genera related to Hchimys (better known as

Loncheres), and, like the greater number of them, is modified

for an arboreal life. Its dentition is of the special type,

called ‘‘ reduced heptamerous” by Miller, which crops up so

frequently among the hystricomorph rodents, but it represents

a phase of development not actually found in the Echimyina,

while somewhat similar to that of Hrethizon and others.

The animal’s external appearance is very striking and quite

peculiar to itself.

LONCHOTHRIX, gen. nov.

Pelage highly spinous. Feet short. Tail tufted.

Skull closely similar to that of MZesomys.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 8

114 Mr. O. Thomas on

Dentition above not specialized, in some ways very like a

miniature of that of Hrethizon.

Other external characters described below.

Skull so like that of Mesomys hispidus that it is difficult to

find any character of more than specific value. The muzzle

is broader, the nasals being more parallel-sided, less tapered

backwards. Interorbital region broad, with overhanging

ledges. Brain-case low, smooth above, much broadened

posteriorly, Malar more projected forward anteriorly than in

Mesomys, about as in Lchimys, Palatal foramina longer and

more open than in Mesomys. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow,

reaching forward to the level of the middle of m?. Hamular

processes of pterygoids narrow, scarcely spatulate at all.

Bulle of average size.

Incisors strong, deep from before backwards, less opistho-

dont than in allied forms, the incisive angle of the type-

specimen 93°,

Upper cheek-teeth about as broad as long, of medium

height, not hypsodont, each with two salient angles internally

and four externally, the last external with an indication of

subdivision, so that the full number of enamel-plates is, as

usual, five. The height of the crests and the depth of the

valleys between them very much as in Frethizon, to whose

teeth those of Lonchothrix bear a strong resemblance in

miniature, though the hollows are more linear, less broadened

antero-posteriorly. Outer valleys penetrating about two-

thirds across each tooth. Below the resemblance to Hrethizon

disappears ; p, has five crests on its inner half, m, three and

an imperfect fourth, mg and mz; three ; all have, as usual, one

deep outer notch separating the two salient angles.

Although less specialized, the teeth have also a certain

resemblance to those of Cercomys.

Genotype. Lonchothria emilie, sp. n.

It is difficult to say to which of the described forms this

striking new genus is most nearly allied. Its short climbing

feet and strongly spinous coat give it a general resemblance

to Echimys, but its brachyodont molars, as broad as long, are

very different from those of either Hehimys or any of the

genera allied to it—such as Nelomys and Diplothrix,—nor

have they any of the high specializations found in Dactylomys

and Kannabateomys ; and its tufted tail is peculiar to itself.

Lonchothrix emilica, sp. n.

Size about as in Mesomys hispidus. Pelage excessively

a new Genus of Echimyine. 115

spinous, the spines on the hinder back about 30 mm. in

length and attaining 2°3 mm. in breadth ; true hair hardly

perceptible anywhere, there being only a few short hairs

hidden among the bases of the spines, while the covering of

the lower surface is also almost wholly spinous. Whisker-

bristles very long. General colour above dark brown,

punctuated on the shoulders, sides, and rump by buffy.

Individually the spines on the dorsal saddle are greyish

brown darkening to blackish brown terminally, the lateral

and posterior ones with broad buffy tips. On the nape and

sides the underlying hairs, which are bright ochraceous buffy,

show through the spines and affect the general colour. Under

surface dull buffy whitish, a little darker on the chest. Inner

sides of arms and legs buffy whitish. Hands and feet dull

whitish. Feet comparatively short and broad, as in Jesomys

and Echimys. Tail long, its proximal two-thirds almost

naked, merely with a few minute scattered bristles on it;

these lengthen terminally, and at the end there is a conspicuous

vertically distichous brush of long coarse dark brown hairs,

of which the longest—those of the upper side—attain over

70 mm. in length.

Skull and teeth as above described.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 177 mm.; tail 189; hind foot 30;

ear 13. .

Skull: greatest length 43; condylo-incisive length 39 ;

zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 12; interorbital breadth 11;

mastoid breadth 20°3 ; palatilar length 14:2; palatal fora-

mina 5; upper cheek-tooth series 8.

Hab. (of type). Villa Braga, on the left bank of the Rio

Tapajoz, just above the first rapids.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 6.4.1. Origina! num-

ber 142. Collected 8th February, 1917, by Friulein Dr. E.

Snethlage. Presented by the Goeldi Museum.

This striking and peculiar animal, which was captured by

Fraulein Snethlage herself, forms a discovery of the. utmost

interest, and I have very great pleasure in connecting her

name with it, adding,as it does, another to the many remarkable

Amazonian mammals which she has been instrumental in

bringing to the notice of zoologists.

116 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

XIII.— On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamareca,

collected by Sr. Budin. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Durina December and January Sr. Budin made a collection

in a hilly district known as La Puntilla, near Tinogasta,

Catamarca. La Puntilla would appear to be a few miles out

from Tinogasta towards Copacabana, at an altitude of about

1000 metres.

The collection is not a large one, as the place did not prove

very favourable for general collecting ; but among the eight

species of which it consists not only is there a new tuco-tuco,

but representatives of a highly remarkable new genus of

Octodonts related to Aconemys, of which it seems to be a

non-fossorial ally with a strong external resemblance to

Octodontomys. ‘This is a very striking discovery, and one of

which Sr. Budin may well be proud, adding as it does a

distinct new type to so peculiar a group.

In spite of the ants, which, as usual in summer collecting,

formed a terrible plague, the specimens sent are all beauti-

fully prepared, and form a valuable addition to the National

Collection.

1. Hesperomys musculinus, Thos.

3. 856; %. 835, 893.

2. Hesperomys murillus cordovensis, Thos.

3. 876, 892.

The determinations of the specimens of Hesperomys are

very doubtful, and must await further material for revision.

Female examples showing the number of mamme are

especially desirable.

“Caught among the piles of branches in the cultivated

fields.”’

3. Graomys eachinus, All.

3. 833, 837, 840, 842, 846, 851, 857, 861, 862, 865, 883,

884, 886, 894, 899.

9. 853, 854, 858, 866, 869, 872, 873, 875, 889, 895, $96,

898.

In marked contrast to the state of things at Chumbicha

near Tinogasta, Catamarca. 117

and Otro Cerro * we have here only asingle form of Graomys,

all the specimens of this fine series being practically identical

in size. But a rather considerable number of them are

immature.

4. Phyllotis sp. (?).

?. 834 (young).

Too young for determination.

5. Akodon alterus, Thos.

3. 841, 859, 878, 890; 2. 839, 843, 867, 887, 897.

Very similar to our series from Otro Cerro.

No. 878, quite young, shows that m' has a well-defined

anterior median groove at its tip.

6. Octomys mimaax, gen. et sp. n.

3. 850, 848 (young) ; ¢. 838, 845, 880.

OctomYs f+, gen. nov. (Octodontide).

General external characters and shape of skull about as in

Octodontomys; molar structure approximately as in Aconemys,

of which it is probably a non-fossorial rock-inhabiting

representative.

External characters very much as in Octodontomys, and,”

indeed, as in many other rock-inhabiting dry-country Muride,

such as the larger gerbils—the light colour, whitish under

surface, large ears, and long tufted tail all being characters

of such animals. Indeed, the resemblance to Octodontomys

gliroides is almost complete, so that even as species the two

might readily be mistaken for each other. Structure of ears

and feet very much as in the older known animal, though the

granulation of the soles is a little less coarse.

All these characters present a striking contrast to those of

the one Octodont genus with more or less similar teeth—

namely, Aconemys (Schizodon of Waterhouse),—which is a

fossorial short-eared, long-clawed, dark-bellied, and short-

tailed form, as different as possible from the present animal.

Skull also with the general shape of that of Octodontomys,

less like that of Octodon, wholly unlike that of the fossorially

* Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 494 (1919).

+ Not only does this animal belong to the group whose dental formula

vave rise to the name Octodon, but its molars themselves have a pattern

nearly resembling the figure 8.

118 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

specialized Asonemys. Muzzle slender. Supraorbital edges

sharp, not beaded, without postorbital processes. Inter-

parietal region without ridges, even in old specimens. A large

supra-meatal island visible on the top of the skull. Palatal

foramina short and broad, with a broad median septum.

Mesopterygoid fosse narrow, pointed anteriorly, reaching

forward to the level of the middle of m?. Bulle very large,

larger than in any other member of the group.

Teeth.—Incisors of medium strength, more opisthodont

than in any of the allied genera (again making a parallel to

certain Gerbillines), the incisive angle, as measured from the

surface of the tooth-row, about 76°, but, owing to the hyper-

trophy of the bulle, they appear still more turned in backwards

in relation to the general lines of the skull.

Molars rootless, their pattern strikingly like that in

Aconemys (figured by Waterhouse *), the three anterior teeth

above and below 8-shaped, with two subequal lobes. 1/3 and

ms; with the posterior lobe reduced. A capsule appearing on

the outer side of the jaw at the root of mg.

Genotype. Octomys mimaa, sp. n.

The Octodontine—if we accept the obviously correct

exclusion of Abrocoma from them advocated by Miller and

Gidley t—fall into two groups, one with crescentic and the

other with 8-shaped teeth. Hach of these groups has, again,

fossorial and non-fossorial members, Octodon and Octo-

dontomys being the non-fossorial members of the crescent-

toothed group and Ctenomys the fossorial, while in the other

group Spalacopus and Aconemys are both fossorial, and the

present new genus now supplies to it a non-fossorial repre-

sentative.

This handsome and remarkable animal, so strikingly like

Octodontomys externally but so different from it essentially, is

one of the most striking novelties that I have had the oppor-

tunity of describing from Argentina, and Sr. Budin is to be

congratulated on so fine a discovery.

Octomys mimaa, sp. Nn.

Size and general external appearance about as in Octo-

dontomys gliroides. Colour of body above pale drabby buff.

Under surface white, the hairs along the median area white

* Nat. Hist. Mamm. ii. pl. viii. fig. 4 (1848).

+ Journ. Wash. Agad, Sci. viii. p. 445 (1918).

$a near Tinogasta, Catamarea. 119

to their bases, but laterally they have pale slaty bases; line

of demarcation not strongly marked. ars large, with whitish

tufts at their anterior base and on the neck behind them; their

surface brown flesh-colour with fine white hairs scattered over

them. Hands and feet white. Tail long, hairy, becoming

heavily tufted terminally, the proximal half buffy below and

buffy mixed with blackish above, the terminal tuft either

mixed buffy and dark blackish brown throughout or the end

wholly blackish brown ; end-hairs attaining over 40 mm. in

length.

Skull as above described.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 165 mm.; tail 179; hind foot 34:5;

ear 25°3.

Skull: greatest length 44; condylo-incisive length 41:7;

zygomatic breadth 21; nasals 15x 4°7 ; interorbital breadth

9°5; least breadth across brain-case 17°5 ; bi-meatal breadth

21°6; palatilar length 16°5; palatal foramina 3°7 x 3°2 ;

diagonal horizontal length of bulla 15; upper molar series

(crowns) 8°6.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 5.11.33. Original

number 880. Collected 5th January, 1920.

Sr. Budin says of this animal that the specimens were

captured among some large rocks which had fallen from a

cliff in a ravine where there was a little water. It appeared

to be very rare, as he was only able to find two of its habita-

tions, close to each other, and none in any of the other ravines

in the neighbourhood. It was also entirely unknown to the

natives.

7. Ctenomys coludo, sp. n.

3. 849, 870, 874, 879, 885, 891; 2. 836, 877.

A rather large pale species, with comparatively long tail.

Size fairly large, though less than in C. knightt. Fur

rather thin and poor. General colour above pale, about as in

C. juris, paler than in most species, though not so pale as

in duteolus and opimus; dorsal colour most nearly matching

“‘sayal brown’’; sides and under surface little paler. Area

round ears without special markings. Hairs of hands and

feet dull whitish. ‘Tail rather longer than usual in the genus,

dull brown along the top, though some of the crest-hairs are

whitish ; sides and below dull white.

Skull rather slender, the interorbital region and brain-case

narrow. Nasals broad in front, evenly narrowed backwards.

120 On Mammals from near Tinogasta, Catamarea.

Frontal region flat. Jnterparietal perceptible in all specimens,

even in the type, which is old enough to have its basilar

suture partially closed. Line of posterior ridges directly

transverse. Outer base of anteorbital foramen very slender.

Malar ridges particularly strongly marked, sharp, the surface

concave below them. Meatal area, as viewed from above,

apparently larger than usual. A well-marked bulla-island

visible on top of skull. Opening of choane not very sharply

angular, level with the middle of m?. Bulle large and

swollen, larger than in knight? and nearly as large as in

luteolus, both of these being larger species.

Molars small in comparison with the size of the animal.

Longer diameter of m* scarcely greater than shorter.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 205 mm. ; tail 97 ; hind foot 36°5.

Skull: greatest median length 47; gnathion to back of

bulla 49; condylo-incisive length 47°5; zygomatic breadth 31;

nasals 17°5 x83; interorbital breadth 9:3; least breadth

across brain-case 18; bi-meatal breadth 31; palatilar length

21:7; diagonal horizontal length of bulla 18:5, breadth of

bulla at right angles to last, exclusive of meatal tube, 9°5 ;

upper molar series (crowns) 8°8, oblique diameter of m} 3-6,

of m?> 1-7.

Type. Fully adult male. B.M. no. 20.5.11.39. Original

number 891. Collected 17th January, 1920.

This tuco-tuco is readily recognizable by its uniform pale

colour, comparatively long tail, narrow skull, large bullae,

and the other characters above detailed. As usual in

Ctenomys, there appear to be no characters indicative of any

group-relationship, but of the two species geographically

nearest to it, C. knightt of Otro Cerro is much darker in

colour, with shorter tail, broader frontal region, and larger

teeth, while C. focht of Chumbicha is little more than half its

bulk, besides differing in other respects.

Sr. Budin found what he believed to be evidence that these

tuco-tucos had cannibal propensities, and devoured the dead

bodies of such of their comrades as were caught in the traps.

This habit is common in Muride, but I think had not been

before observed in Octodontide.

8. Caviella menas, Thos.

3. 844, 852, 860; 9. 832, 847, 855, 863, 864, 868, 871,

881, 882, 888.

Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds. 121

XIV.—Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds, with Descriptions

of Two new Species. By STANLEY Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Syringophilus columbe, sp. n.

??. Body elongated and very narrow. Only two hairs

are present at anterior end of scutum, and they are much

shorter than in the female or nymphs of SS. bipectinatus.

The other hairs of the dorsum, especially those on the hinder

end of the scutum, are longer than in S. bdpectinatus.

Straight cellular portion of trachea short, consisting of only

four cells. Claws of. legs slender; the comb consists of

fewer sete than in S. bépectinatus, and the modified hair on

the tarsus on each side of the claws is much wider, being

scale-like and striated.

Host. Domestic pigeon ; inside quill of feathers. Dallas,

Texas (Babcock & Wood). Specimens examined through

the kindness of Mr. F. ©. Bishopp, of the United States

Department of Agriculture,

Pterolichus sculpturatus, sp. n.

3. Very similar to P. bicaudatus, but the posterior lobes of

the abdomen are not so rounded in outline. Posterior plate

of dorsum ornamented with minute rosettes or stars (appr-

rently sometimes raised on very slight granules), whereas

in P. bicaudatus the punctations are uniformly distributed and

do not form rosettes.

Length (including capitulum) 540 pw.

Nymph (second stage). Posterior plate of dorsum very

unlike that of P. dicaudatus, being almost oblong in shape,

except for the posterior margin, which is notched or indented

in the middle. Lateral margins practically straight and

parallel with one another ; the anterior margin is also practi-

cally straight. Surface of this plate sculptured with numerous

minute rosettes. Posterior end of abdomen with two pairs of

Jong hairs, as in P. bicaudatus.

Length (including capitulum) 560 p.

Host. South African ostrich, Transvaal; a number of

examples inside quills of that bird: Onderstepoort (24. 4.19) ;

122 Notes on Acari parasitic on Birds.

received through the kindness of Mr. G. A. Bedford, of the

Union Veterinary Station.

Pterolichus bicaudatus, Gerv.

Nymph (second stage). Posterior plate of dorsum roughly

triangular or elongate heart-shaped in outline, the apex

pointing forwards ; posterior margin of this plate indented in

the middle; its surface is finely and evenly punctated.

Host. South African ostrich. I have examined specimens

of this species from Sterkstroom, Cape Colony, and from

California.

Liponyssus silviarum, Can. & F.

Dermanyssus silviarum, Canestrini and Fanzago, Atti R. Inst. Venet.

1877-1878, (5) iv. p. 124.

Leiognathus silviarum, Canestrini, Prospett. Acarof. Ital. 1885, 1. p. 121.

? Lophoptes patavinus, Mégnin, C. R. Soc. Biol. 1891, iu.

Liponyssus canadensis, Banks, Washington, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1909, xi.

p. 184.

This species occurs both on sparrows and poultry in the

United States, and this is of some interest, for the species

has not hitherto been recorded as a parasite of poultry

(unless Mégnin’s Lophoptes patavinus is the same species).

It differs from the very closely allied species LZ. bursa princi-

pally in having only one pair of long hairs at the extreme

posterior end of the dorsal scutum, whereas in L. bursa there

are always two quite long pairs of hairs in this position.

Hosts and localities. I have examined specimens from

poultry from the following localities :—Harvel and Raymond,

Illinois; Lafayette, Indiana; Aberdeen, South Dacota;

Beltsville, Maryland; Washington, D.C. It occurs on

sparrows in the following localities:—Raymond, Illinois ;

Aberdeen, South Dacota; Dallas, Texas. In the British

Museum there are specimens from Russia found on Motacilla

alba, and others from the Zoological Gardens (on Huropean

sparrow-hawk and Indian jay).

Liponyssus bursa, Berlese.

Additional localities. Gharbia Province, Lower Egypt ;

two lots of this species from domestic poultry, collected

autumn 1918 by Mr. Aghion. Dallas, Texas ; on English

sparrow (/, C. Bishopp).

On Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst. 123

XV.—Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst., and its Association with

another Oxyurid in the same Host. By H. A. BAYLis,

M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In working over a miscellaneous collection of nematode and

other parasites submitted by Mr. A. Loveridge, there occurred

Fig. 1,

(Ss)

. 35|

FJ] } A

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ce =

ze =e

FA g =e

H js .

FE 8 = §

ee : = &

# or .)

Head and cesophageal region (A) Of Paracis paronat, (B) of Oxyuris

lovertdgei, both drawn to the same seale of magnification, from

female specimens.

a tube containing large numbers of small Oxyurid worms

from the very remarkable lizard Macroscincus coctei, which is

124 Mr. H. A. Baylis on

found only in the Cape Verde Islands. The material proved

to include two forms of approximately the same size, ye

easily distinguishable, even when viewed in spirit under

low magnification, by the strikingly different Sreiee

lengths of the cesophagus (fig. 1, A and B). In one form, of

which both sexes are present in large numbers, the cesophagus

is very long and slender. This is undoubtedly the species

described under the name of Oayuris paronai by von Linstow

(1893), from the same host-species. The other form has a

short and relatively stout cesophagus, and, though the speci-

mens number some hundreds, all are females.

von Linstow’s original specimens of Owyuris paronad are -

in the British Museum, and on examining them with a view

to placing beyond doubt the determination of the new material,

it at once became apparent that the same two forms were

again present. Further investigation, in this case also, failed

to reveal any males of the form with short cesophagus, though

males of the other form were present in plenty. It appears,

therefore, that the association of these two forms in A/acro-

‘scincus is of common occurrence. It was even suspected for

atime that this might be a case of very marked dimorphism

limited to the female sex. Closer investigation, however,

Jends more support to the view that the forms are specifically,

or even generically, distinct. ‘The females of the form with

short cesophagus are fully mature, and contain ova, and it

seems possible that they are parthenogenetic, or represent a

parthenogenetic generation.

Oxyuris paronat appears to be referable to the genus

Paracis, as recently defined by Railliet and Henry (1916), of

which the genotype is P. longicollis (Schneider, 1866) from

the tortoise. A comparison of the figures of the tails of males

given by Schneider (1866, pl. vil. fig. 8) and by v. Linstow

(1893, pl. vii. figs. 18, 19) is sufficient to demonstrate this.

Both forms have a blunt, finger-like, caudal appendage in the

male, with a pair of papille close to the tip; a single spicule,

and an accessory piece which forms a median projection

behind the cloaca ; anda group of paired papille surrounding

the cloacal aperture. ‘They also agree in the great relative

length of the cesophagus.

The structure of the mouth in P. parona?, though difficult

to make out owing to the very small size of. the head, seems

to offer characters which may prove to be of generic rather

than specific importance. ‘The aperture of the mouth, as

v. Linstow indicates, is surrounded by a delicate, membranous,

triangular, funnel-shaped apparatus. This, however, is fully

Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst. 125

protruded in only a small proportion of the specimens. It

then has the appearance represented in fig. 2, when seen

under a high magnification ({ly” oil-immersion objective).

In the majority of the specimens the “ funnel” is withdrawn

into the anterior end of the cesophagus. ‘This arrangement

somewhat resembles the structure seen in Crossocephalus. In

that genus, however, the funnel-like apparatus supported by

the six jaws is dnverted into the cesophagus when closed. In

P. paronai, as fav as can be made out, it is probably simply

retracted, without inversion.

The “ pigmentation ” of the cesophagus, intestine, and other

parts of O. paronat, referred to by von Linstow, seems to

Fig. 2.

0:05 mm.

Anterior extremity of Paracis paronat, highly magnified.

have been due to some artificial discoloration. It is not seen

in the material collected by Mr. Loveridge.

As, at present, generic distinctions among the Oxyuride

rest almost entirely upon male characters, it is proposed to call

the new form, as distinct from P. paronai, Oxyuris loveridget,

sp. n., using the name Oxyuris in a broad sense. Further data

may show that itis really adimorphic form of P. paronaz, but

the chief reasons for regarding it for the present as a distinct

species are: (1) the different proportional length of the

cesophagus; (2) the different structure of the mouth, which

appears to be quite simple and without the funnel-like

apparatus, but merely surrounded by three small sessile

papillze ; (3) the position of the vulva, which is in front of

126 On Oxyuris paronai, v. Linst.

the middle of the body, instead of behind it, as in P. paronat* ;

(4) the much finer striation of the cuticle (in the females of

P. paronai the striation is so coarse as to be conspicuous

under a very low power of the microscope) ; and (5) the

slightly larger dimensions of the eggs.

Measurements of Paracis paronai and Oxyuris loveridgei.

(All measurements are in mm.

The figures in square brackets have

been calculated from von Linstow’s proportional measurements.)

Paracis paronai (v. Linst.).

Oxyuris loveridget.

| Measurements | Measurements of

| given by Mr. Loveridge’s

| von Linstow. material,

rei Cae 3. 9°.

Beneth oii oss sass seuss Sue ge eS. FL aie ae ae Oak 4:45-5'3

Maximum thickness..........) 0:22 0:42 | 0:25 0:43 O-4

Diameterotheadin.s.secke Jehu 0:03-0:04 0:07-0:08

Hhenethyor tail o. .% «si 2s ess! [0-087] [0°24] | 008-0 09 0:3-0°6 0:5-0°7

Distance from anterior end tu)

end of cesophagus (including

MMR) etree Sisko tats cts, sigaere [1:16] [1:68] |0-85-1:0 1:1-1:2 0-6-0 7

| Diameter of cesophagus ..... | 0-0396 0-03 0:04 0:06

Diameter of cesophageal bulb. . 0-138 010 0:13 0:15-0'14

Distance from anterior end to)

MIQE WG =DUNO 5 todas ane, heel | 0:26 0:23 0:26 0:25

Distance from anterior end to)

BRCROLOMy VOUS. sneer sk se | 0:94-1:15 1:35-1:45 08-0-98

Distance apart of cuticular|

BUT IATLONS™ (on. cceys. sete cuahe oe seers | 0-012 0:015 0-005

engin ot spicule. jis. 5. t=: [Pe Oalai cae 0-1 be uae

| SES OEGy Ey wugmen.s creo cooee 0:15 x 0-07 0:17 x 0°08 0:18 x 0:09

Liystow, O. von.

(1898.)

REFERENCES.

“ Oxyuris puronat, n. sp., und Chetracanthus

hispidus, Fedt.,” Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, lix. p. 201; pl. vii.

“Sur les Oxyuridés,” Compt.

Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, lxxix. p. 118.

Rarvuret, A., and Henry, A.

ScHNEIDER, A.

(1916,)

(1866.) ‘ Monographie der Nematoden.’ Berlin.

* y. Linstow gives the proportion in which the vulva divides the

body as “37:19.” The vulva, though always behind the middle, is

usually much nearer to it than this.

+ The exceptionally large figure for the total length of the female

given by von Linstow was possibly based on a specimen of O. loveridget,

as the two forms were not distinguished by him.

On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon. 127

XVI.—On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon, Meigen

(Diptera, Chironomid). By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

SINCE the old genus Ceratopogon was broken up by Kieffer

in 1901 much uncertainty has existed as to which group the

old name should be applied to, different authors using the

name in different senses. It is highly desirable to arrive at

definite and permanent conclusions on this point, and the

following note has been penned with this object in view.

The main facts, which are not in question, are these :—

‘The genus Ceratopogon was founded by Meigen in Illiger’s

‘Magazine’ for 1803, a short diagnosis being given, and

“ Tipula barbicornis, Fab.,”’ being the only species mentioned

as belonging to the genus. The earlier name Helea was

published in 1800 without any species being mentioned, and

is now rejected by nearly all dipterists on this ground,

together with the other names proposed in the ‘ Nouvelle

Classification.” In his “ Klassifikazion” Meigen introduces

a number of new species, but “ barbicornis, Fab.,” is placed

among other species of which Meigen had not seen specimens

as belonging either to Corethra, Chironomus, Tanypus, or

Ceratopogon. He also remarks (p. 35): “ Aus dieser

Beschreibung [of Fabricius] folgt, dass dieser Art unter

Ceratopogon gehdret. Ob aber Gmelin (oder vielmehr

Linnée) und Schrank diese oder den oben beschriebenen

C. communis unter ihrer Tipula barbicornis verstanden haben,

mag ich nicht entscheiden.” Later, Meigen (Syst. Beschr.

vi. p. 261) notes under barbicornis that “das Exemplar in

Fabricius’ Sammlung ist ein Chironomus, Chir. obscurus.”

Now, since on its first introduction only a single species

was mentioned as belonging to the genas, it is clear that, if

the rules of zoological nomenclature are to be strictly followed,

this must be regarded as the type-species. Accordingly,

Kieffer has argued (Zool. Anz. xxx. p. 516) that 7. barbi-

cornis is the type, aud that, since Meigen has informed us

that Fabricius’s specimen was only Chironomus obscurus, Mg.

(which is supposed to be an Orthocladius), Ceratopogon should

be used in place of Orthocladius.

But against this view it should be remembered (1) that

Fabricius was not the author of the name barbicornis, and that

what Linnzeus meant by this name is unknown; (2) that

Meigen, as he himself informs us, had not seen examples of

barbicernis, but was relying on Fabricius’s diagnosis for his

128 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the Use of

inclusion of the species in Ceratopogon; and (3) that many

writers, with whom I emphatically agree, would in cases of

misidentification take the species which an author actually

had, not that which he imagined he had, as the type of a

genus.

The question is, therefore, what species had Meigen before

him under the name barbicornisin 1803? From the remarks

quoted above, I think there can be practically no doubt that it

was the one which in 1804 he called C. communis. This was

doubtless the reason why Coquillet in 1910 indicated com-

munis as the type-species, a course in which I consider he

was perfectly right.

Kieffer, in the paper cited, maintains that the species which

Meigen had in 1803 cannot be recognized, and argues from

this that the real validity of the genus Ceratopogon can only

date from Meigeun’s fuller work, where other species are

included and a fuller diagnosis given. He quotes Meigen’s

work of 1818 (omitting that of 1804), where the hairy wings

are referred to in the generic description, and, while rejecting

Ceratopogon altogether, uses Forcipomyta in place of it for

one of the hairy-winged groups, taking for type F. ambiguus,

Mg. In more recent papers (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 1917)

he has reverted to the use of Ceratopogon for this same group,

still with the type ambiguus, Me.

I maintain that this course is unjustifiable for two reasons

—tirstly, although Meigen, in his 1804 diagnosis, mentions

the hairy wings*, Latreille, in 1805, proposed the g. nus

Culicoides, with the type pulicaris, L.; and from the table of

species which Meigen gives in 1830 (Syst. Beschr. vi. p. 266)

it is clear that he accepts Culicotdes as a restriction, including

in it all the species with hairy wings (although he does not

actually admit its generic value), thus :—

“A. Alle Schenkel einfach, wehrlos.

“(a) Mit nackten Fligeln.

“ (6) Mit haarigen Flugeln (Culicoides, Latreills).”

In the second place—and this is, perhaps, even more

important,—Kieffer’s adoption of ambiguus as the type is

quite illegitimate if it can be discovered what Meigen meant

* Meigen also states in this diagnosis “ Die Fliigel paraliel-dach-

formig” (7: e. held in roof-like position in rest), which is a character of

the Orthocladius group, but not of the Ceratopogonine. This might be

adduced in support of the view that Ceratopogon should be used for

Orthocladius; but I think it is evident that Meigen simply made a

mistake on this point. He corrects the statement in 1818 to read

“ Fliigel parallel flach aufliegend.”

the Generic Name Ceratopogon. 129

by communis. The description of 1804 is altogether inade-

quate, but in 1818 he adds the information “ Alle Schenkel

einfach, wehrlos,” and in 1830 “ Mit nackten Fliigeln.” The

name Ceratopogon must, therefore, be used for one of the

groups with bare or practically bare wings.

In his original description of C. communis (1804) Meigen

says Man findet sie im Sommer sehr hiufig auf Schirmge-

wichsen.” This habitat agrees with that of C. pavidus,

Winn., and its allies, several species of which occur in great

numbers on flower-heads of Angelica, but not with that of the

other bare-winged groups, the females of which are preda-

ceous and are only seldom found on flowers. Malloch, in his

‘Cuironomide of Illinois’ (1915), has adopted the name

Ceratopogon for this group of species (which Kieffer includes

under the genera Aérichopogon aud Kempia), and I was at

first inclined to follow him in this respect.

However, in order to make quite sure, if possible, of the

identity of C. communis, I wrote to Mons. Séguy, of the Paris

Museum, asking him for information as to Meigen’s type, if

it should be in existence. His repoit was surprising, but

decisive, as from his notes and the carefully drawn sketch of

the wing of the type male which he sent (reproduced herewith)

= 7 EL

me zs = a ios

: N=

Ceratopogon communis, $. Drawn by KE, Séguy.

it is clear that C. communis differs in some respects from all

the species described by Winnertz, and will not fit into any

of the genera into which the group has been divided by

Kieffer, though it shows relations with several.

The genus Ceratopogon must therefore for the present

include only the single species communis, Mg., aud may be

diagnosed as follows, from M. Séguy’s information :—

CERATOPOGON (Meigen, 1803), Edwards, 1920.

3. Claws simple, equal. No empodia. Femora slender,

unarmed. Hyes quite bare. Wings with microscopic pubes-

cence (microtrichia) over the whole surface, and with a few

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 9

130 Mr. H. Campion on some

suberect macrotrichia round the tip and in the second radial

cell. Costa extending beyond two-thirds of the wing-length ;

two radial cells, both rather elongate and about equal in

length. Media sessile, forking at level of r—-m cross-vein.

Cubitus (“ postical” of Kieffer) with the base of its fork

proximal to that of the media. Anal vein bent some distance

before its tip, a rather indistinct fold arising from the bend,

giving an appearance of forking (as in Palpomyia, Bezzia, &c.).

The genus Ceratopogon will fitly take its place among the

group of small genera which are intermediate in some respects

between the two main groups of the subfamily, agreeing in

habits with Kempia and Atrichopogon, but in structure

approaching nearer to Johannsenomyia and Stilobezzia.

From the former of these it differs in the shorter, equal,

radial cells and the presence of macrotrichia at the tip of the

wing, and from the latter in the sessile media and in some

other points.

XVII.—Some new or little-known Gomphine Dragonflies from

South America. By HERBERT CAMPION.

{Plates VI. & VII. ]

WHILE engaged from time to time in identifying dragonflies

from British Guiana, 1 have found it necessary to consider

related species from other parts of the Neotropical Region.

Particulars of certain members of the subfamily Gomphine

which have been studied in this way are now placed on record.

Gomphoides dentatus, Selys.

Aphylla dentata, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 547 (1859).

I have pleasure in acknowledging my indebtedness to

Monsieur G. Severin, Conservateur au Musée Royal

d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, for his great kindness in

allowing me to examine the original material of this species,

besides preparing for me photographs of the wings and anal

appendages of the male type (Pl. VI. figs. 1&2). The

material in question consists of (1) a male, the type of the

species, through the abdomen of which a fine skewer has

been passed, to give it additional support; (2) a female,

also skewered, which may be conspecific with the male; and

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 131

(3) a second female, without any skewer, which is probably

not conspecific either with the male or the first-named female.

The three specimens are labelled as follows:—(1) “35”

(white label), ‘ Amazon” (white label), “ Bates” (green

label), “ Aphylla dentata, De Selys, g, a renvoyer” (buff

label), ‘£141, dentata, Bate[s]” (white label, marked in

pencil) ; (2) ‘‘ Amazon” (white label), ‘ Bates” (green

label), “ Aphylla dentata, De Selys, @, & renvoyer” (buff

label) ; (3) “Amazon” (white label), “ Bates”? (green

label), “ Aphylla dentata, S., ¢”” (white label).

The original description states that the male type was

obtained by Bates on “ les bords de !’Amazone,” and, as it

bears the number 35, it may be assumed that Santarem was

the exact place of capture, as it certainly was of other sp: ci-

mens carrying the same number. In this specimen, at the

margin of the wing there are from two (right wings) to three

(left wings) cells between M, and Rs, from three (hind wings)

to four (fore wings) between M3 and My, and from five (hind

wings) to six or seven (fore wings) cells between Cu, and

Cu,. In the fore wings there are 19-20 antenodals and

14 postnodals ; in the hind wing 14~15 antenodals and 14-16

postnodals.

A male in the British Museum collection which I consider

to be conspecific with the holotype of G. dentatus is labelled

35” and “Brazil, Santarem, 3” (Bates). Another male

: : f 54

in the same collection, labelled “35” and “Santarem, 3”

5) ) 63

(Bates) may also belong to the same species, although the

anal appendages are not identical with those of the holotype,

and the paired longitudinal veins are not so widely separated

at the margin of the wing. A female Gomphoid:s also in the

British Museum, labelled “35” and “ Brazil, Santarem, ay

is more likely to be the female of G. dentatus than either of

the two females associated with the holotype in the De Selys

Collection. It was captured at the same place as the holotype,

and the abdomen is similar in the two insects, both as regards

general coloration and the dilatation of the penultimate aud

antepenultimate segments.

The female from Demerara in the MacLachlan Collection

doubtfully referred by De Selys to G. dentatus (Ann. Soc.

Ent. Belg. xxxviii. p. 178, 1894) may very well belong to

an undescribed species,

132 Mr. H. Campion on some

Gomphoides distinguendus, sp. n.

Aphylla dentata b, Ris, Hamburg. Magalhaen. Sammelreise, vii.,

Odonaten, p. 16 (1904).

Gomphoides dentata, Ris, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. 74, fig. 15 (¢

anal appendages, &c.) (1918).

A long series of this species was taken near Buenos Ayres

by Dr. F. Ris in December, 1890, and January, 1891, and two

males were given by the collector to De Selys Longchamps,

who considered them to be conspecific with his G@. dentatus

from the Amazon. When dealing with this species in 1904

Dr. Ris referred to the uncertainty attending its identification,

but decided to adopt, provisionally, the name which De Selys

had applied to it. At the same time he published a full

description of both the sexes, so that future recognition might

be facilitated.

I am again indebted to M. Severin for the loan of the two

specimens in the De Selys Collection, as well as tor drawings

and photographs (PI. VI. figs.3-5). The study of this material

enables one to decide that the Argentine species is quite distinct

from the Amazonian one, with which De Selys had confused

it. I propose for it the name disténguendus, and the type of the

new species will be the specimen of which a description and

some figures are now published. In the male of G. distin-

guendus the superior anal appendages are bent sharply inwards,

aud bear a strong triangular tooth internally, instead of being

reoularly forcipate and provided with an internal swelling.

In dorsal view the abdomen is less swollen at segment 8, and

the lateral margins of that segment are not at all dilated.

The pterostigma is more golden than in the other species and

more strongly braced. There is also a venational difference—

between the respective holotypes, at all events—for the pairs

of parallel veins M, and Rs, M; and My, and Cu, and Cu, are

less widely separated at the margin of the wing. Again,

G. distinguendus is somewhat smaller than G. dentatus, and

the coloration of the abdomen is more variegated (in G. den-

tatus the dorsum of segments 3-9 seems to me to be uniformly

blackish, although De Selys mentions some pale markings).

Finally, the colour-pattern of the thorax is different in the

two species, for while G. dentatus has five pairs of pale stripes

upon the meso-metathorax, the types of G. distinguendus have

only three pairs. Humeral stripes are certainly absent, and in

neither of the Brussels specimens can I perceive the narrow

green line on the metepisternum which seems to be indicated

by Ris.

a a

ee ee

ee a ee ee

—_——

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America, 133

Two males fron Paraguay have been referred to G. den-

tatus by Dr. Calvert (Ann. Carnegie Mas. vi. p, 219, 1909),

but, in the absence of fuller particulars, it cannot be said

whether these specimens show any close affinity with G. dis-

tinguendus, as their habitat would seem to suggest.

3 (holotype). ‘ Buenos Aires, i. 91” (white label, by Ris),

“ Aprylla dentata, Selys, 6, Buenos Ayres, Dr. Ris” (white

label, by De Selys), ‘‘ Buenos Ayres, Dr. Ris”? (green label,

by De Selys), “118” (pencilled on each of two yellow

labels).

Length of abdomen 44 mm.; length of hind wing 33 mm.

Labium, labrum, clypeus, frons, and occiput green or

greenish, Antennas and upper surface of head blackish

brown.

Prothorax mostly green, with the anterior and posterior

borders yellow. Meso-metathorax greenish brown mid-

dorsally, laterally, and ventrally ; chestnut-brown at the

shoulders ; the dorsum carrying a pair of antehumeral broad

green stripes, not quite reaching anteriorly the mesothoracic

half-collar, which, with the mid-dorsal carina, is also green ;

another broad green stripe lies upon the mesepimeron, and a

narrow stripe of the same colour upon the metepimeron.

Wings hyaline, with a mere trace of yellow at the base of

the hind wing. Venation blackish brown; costa anteriorly

pale. Pterostigma 5mm. long, golden yellow, with a distinct

brace-vein in all wings. At the margin of the wing two

cells between M, and Rs, three cells between Ms; and M, in

the fore wings and two in the hind wings, and four to six

cells between Cu, and Cuz. Fore wings with 16-17 ante-

nodals and 10 postnodals ; hind wings with 12-14 antenodals

and 11-12 postnodals.

Triangle in fore wing 3-celled. Subtriangle of fore wing

and triangle of hind wing 2-celled. Subtriangle of hind wing

free. One cross-vein in the supertriangle of each wing.

Femora greenish brown ; tibie and tarsi black.

Abdomen moderately inflated at segments 1-2; somewhat

constricted at 8; moderately inflated again at 7-10, fusiform ;

the inferior lateral margins of 8 and 9 not expanded laterally,

and but very little dorso-ventrally ; 10 in dorsal view

slightly constricted in the middle, the hind margin with a

shallow median rounded notch, the inferior lateral margins

produced apically. Segments 1-2, with the auricles, greenish

brown ; 3 mainly greenish brown, black distally ; 4-6 black

mid-dorsally and distally, with an ill-detined brownish area

at each side proximally ; 7 light orange-vrown in the proximal

134 Mr. H. Campion on some

half, dark orange-brown beyond ; 8 and 9 dark orange-brown ;

10 yellowish brown. In ventral view segments 1-7 greenish

brown ; 8-10 deep yellow. Genitalia of segment 2 deeply

sunk in the genital fossa, and, being also thickly clothed

with hairs, are very difficult to examine.

Anal appendages dark orange-brown, hairy. The upper

pair shorter than segments 9 and 10 taken together, divergent

for more than half their length, then abruptly convergent; a

sharp triangular internal tooth before the inward bend. The

lower appendage very short, hairy, triangular, notched at the

apex.

The second male (paratype) carries two white labels and a

green one, each of them inscribed in the same manner as the

corresponding label attached to the holotype. The abdomen

measures 45 mm., while the length of the hind wing and

pterostigma remains as in the holotype. At the margin of

the wing there are three cells between M, and Rs in both fore

wings and possibly also in the left hind wing, while there

are two only in the right hind wing ; three cells between M;

and M, in the right fore wing and two cells in the other three

wings ; four (three wings) to five (one wing) cells between

Cu, and Cuy. In the fore wings there are 17-19 antenodals

and 10 postnodals ; in the hind wings 13-14 antenodals and

12-13 postnodals.

Gomphoides calverti, Kirby, and Gomphoides camposi, Calvert.

Cyclophylia calverti, Kirby, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 613,

pl. xii. fig. 2 (1897).

Gomphoides camposi, Calvert, Ann. Carnegie Mus. vi. p. 219, pl. vii.

fic, 127 (1909).

Each of these species was described from a unique male

specimen, the first from N.E. Brazil and the second from

Keuador, and each of the descriptions was aceompanied by a

single figure. Kirby’s figure represented the entire insect,

and was of litile scientific value, while that given by Calvert

was a left profile view of the apical segments of the abdomen.

The close relationship subsisting between the two species has

hitherto escaped attention, but, upon comparing with Kirby’s

type (PI. VI. fig. 6) the anal appendages of G. campos?, as

figured by Calvert, I found the resemblance to be so strong

that I was induced to read the description of G. eamposi with

the type of G. calverté before me. Such differences as became

apparent did tot seem to afford any clear proof of specific dis-

tinctuess, and correspondence with Dr. Calvert, who was kind

enough to re-examine the type of lis own species, brought to

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America,

135

light no differentiating characters of greater value than the

following —

G. calverti.

(1) Meso-metathorax with a

second antehumeral green stripe,

about half as long as the first, very

narrow, linear in front, almost

touching posteriorly the ante-alar

ridge, lying a little above the

humeral suture. -

(2) The pale basal colour on

abdominal segments 4-7 inter-

rupted mid-dorsally, and therefore

divided into spots.

(3) Expansion of inferior lateral

margin of segment 8 smaller, not

rounded ; that of 9 not very pro-

nounced, parallel and co-extensive

with the long axis of the segment.

(4) Upper anal appendages with

the two inferior processes more

obtuse; the superior subapical

sinuation longer.

(5) Fore wings with 18-19 ante-

nodals, 10-13 postnodals, Hind

wings with 13-14 antenodals.

(6) Abdomen 37°5 mm.; hind

wing 28 mm.

G. campost.

(1) Meso-metathorax without a

second antehumeral green stripe.

(2) The pale basal colour on

abdominal segments 4~7 not inter-

rupted mid-dorsally, and therefore

not divided into spots.

(3) Expansion of inferior lateral

margin of segment 8 larger, strongly

convex; that of 9 more pronounced

than in calverti, regularly convex.

(4) Upper anal appendages with

the two inferior processes more

acute; the superior subapical

sinuation shorter.

(5) Fore wings with 20-22 ante-

nodals, 13-14 postnodals. Hind

wings with 16 antenodals.

(6) Abdomen 43 mm.; hind

wing 32 mm,

It was realized that differences of this description might

lose their significance, if sufficient material of both species

became available for study, and, with a view to throwing

further light upon the question at issue, Dr. Calvert prepared

and sent me camera lucida drawings of the penis and accessory

genitalia of G. camposi (PI. VII. figs. 8 & 9), for comparison

with the corresponding structures in Kirby’s type. The

hamules did not seem to be conspicuously different, but, when

the penis of G@. calverti came to be dissected out and com-

pared with the figure of G. campos7, a state of things was

disclosed which removed all reasonable doubts on the score

of specific distinctness. The camera lucida drawings repro-

duced as figs. 7 and 8 show the remarkable difference in form

and proportion of each of the three joints of which the penis is

composed, and especially the enormous disparity in the length

of the lateral lobes of the third joint. ‘The vesicle of the

penis, too, is widely different in the two species. It may be

pointed out that the drawing of G. campost appears to have

been made from the penis extended, but still im situ, while

that of G. calverti was made from the organ after it lad been

dissected out.

136 Mr. H. Campion on some

Two typographical errors have been detected by Dr. Calvert

in his description of G. camposi, and may be corrected here.

The first is on page 219, where the width of the antehumeral

stripe on the thoracic dorsum appears as “ 8 mm.” instead of

“+8 mm.,” while the other occurs in line 16 of the next page,

where “8” should be read for the second ‘ 9.”

Zonophora bedkint, sp. n.

1 ? (holotype). Tumatumari, R. Potaro, British Guiana,

xii, 1915 (G. H. Bodkin).

Length of abdomen 58 mm. ; length of hind wing 52 mm.

Head moderately large. Labium hairy, brownish; the

end-hook of each lateral lobe longer than the movable hook,

and considerably overlapping its fellow in the middle line.

Hypopharynx not deeply excavated in front. Maxille

black (Pl. VII. fig. 12). Mandibles black (PI. VII. figs. 13,

14). Labrum black, with a broad transverse pale band.

Anteclypeus pale. Postclypeus and anterior aspect of frons

black ; the suture dividing them pale. Superior aspect of

trons black, with a large pale spot at each side. First and

second joints of antennee black [the more distal joints missing].

Vertex black, with a stout tubercle behind each of the paired

ocelli. Occiput black, concave above.

Prothorax rather hairy; on the hind margin a pair of

small, rounded, pale dorsal spots, and a pair of larger pale

Jateral spots.

Meso-metathorax black, with yellow markings. A pair of

lines on the dorsum, curving outwards anteriorly, and not

reaching the mesothoracic half-collar. A longer line is close

to and nearly parallel with the humeral suture. Some ill-

preserved markings on the mesepimeron and metepisternum.

On the right side is preserved a broad band crossing the

metepimeron medially. Some white pubescence on the infe-

rior surface of the thorax and segments 1 and 2.

Wings (PI. VIL. fig. 10) yellowish brown. Costa and other

veins black. Antenodals 26-27 in the fore wings and 18 in the

hind wings. Postnodals 18-19 in the fore wings and 17-19 in

the hind wings. Arculus in the fore wing at the level of the

third antenodal; in the hind wing nearer the level of the

second. Triangle in fore wing only slightly less elongate

than in hind wing. No cubito-anal cross-veins, apart from

the anal crossing and the one closing the subtriangle. Anal

loop in hind wing apparently containing five cells, but its

proximal boundary is ill-defined. Brace-vein more or less

before the level of the proximal end of the pterostigma.

es ae ee

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 137

Pterostigma broad, 7 mm. long, covering from seven to nearly

nine cells, opaque, very dark red. The cells between My and

Rs beginning to be doubled at the level of the proximal end

of the pterostigma. The trebling of the post-trigonal cells

beginning a little before (hind wings) or well before (fore

wings) the level of separation of M,,»9. Cu, and Cuy in hind

wing rather strongly divergent; five to six cells between

them at the wing-margin.

The only leg preserved is a detached one, of moderate

length ; the coxa and part of the femur pale, the tibia and

tarsus black.

Abdomen swollen at base, slightly constricted at segment 3,

somewhat dilated laterally at 8 and 9. Black, with yellow

markings, as follows :—Sides of segment 1 mostly yellow ; a

mid-dorsal line and two pairs of large lateral spots on seg-

ment 2; a pair of large lateral markings on the proximal half

of 3, Z-shaped on the left side and formed like an inverted Z

on the right side, the distal transverse portion of each marking

almost touching its fellow on the dorsum ; a pair of similar

but smaller markings on 4; a pair of large, irregularly-shaped,

lateral spots at the base of 5; a pair of large, oblong, dorsal

spots, separated by the mid-dorsal carina, at the base of 7;

6, 8, 9, and 10 apparently immaculate. Anal appendages

about as long as segments 9 and 10 taken together, convergent,

almost straight, ending in a sharp point, black in the basal

third, pale yellow beyond. Vulvar lamina (PI. VII. fig. 11)

black and consisting of two strong parallel spines, fused

together for more than three-quarters of their length, and

gradually tapering towards their distal extremities, which

are well separated, pointed, and divergent, and extend a little

beyond the apical margin of segment 9. Between the vulvar

lamina and the ninth sternite were found a number of orange-

yellow ova of the broad exophytic type. These were very

small for such a large insect, the length of those measured

being *5-"6 mm., and the width *3-"35 mm.

The measurements of Z. bod‘ini exceed those of the largest

Zonophora hitherto described—namely, the unique male of

Z. batesi, Selys*. It also extends the known range of the

genus northwards, as the three older species were all described

from Brazil.

* In the earliest description of the female of Zonophora campanulata,

Burm, (Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. (2) p. 80, 1854), De Selys gave the leneth

of the abdomen as 58 mm., which is also the length of the abdomen in

the @ type of Z. bodkint. This figureis obviously a misprint for 50 mm.,

the measurement stated by the same author in 1858 (Monogr. Gomph,

p. 234).

138 Mr. H. Campion on some

As special facilities existed for doing so, the mouth-parts

were examined and compared with the maxilla, hypopharynx,

and labium as figured by Hagen for 7. campanulata (Monogr.

Gomph. pl. xiii. fig. 1, p,q, 7). The maxilla is much alike

in the two species, and so is the hypopharynx, except that in

the genotype it is more deeply excavated anteriorly. As to

the labium, the end-hook of the lateral lobes is in the new

species longer than the movable hook, whereas in Z. cam-

panulata it is shorter than the movable hook. In addition to

the maxilla, drawings have been made of the mandible in

Z. bodkini, and I am not aware that this organ has ever been

figured for any nearly related species.

The vulvar lamina in Z. campanulata has also been figured

by Hagen (loc. cit. fig. 1, t), and is not so deeply bifid at the

apex as in Z. bodkini.

The species is dedicated to Mr. G. E. Bodkin, the Govern-

ment Economic Biologist, British Guiana, and the holotype

has been presented by him to the British Museum, through

the Imperial Bureau of Entomology.

_Zonophora spectabilis, sp. n.

1 3 (holotype), Sapucay, Paraguay, 16.1. 1903 (W. Foster).

No. 64 (British Museum).

Length of abdomen 41 mm.; length of hind wing 345 mm.

Head moderately large. Labiuin greenish yellow; the

superior margin of the middle lobe and the internal anterior

angle of each lateral lobe black. Base of the mandibles

greenish yellow. Labrum greenish yellow, bordered all

round with black. Clypeus and frons greenish yellow ; the

free inferior margins of the postclypeus black. Superior

surface of frons with a deep median groove, filled in with

black in its posterior two-thirds ; a broad black band crossing

the frons transversely in its posterior third. Upper surface

of head before the occiput black, except for a pale brownish

spot behind the median ocellus. Occiput pale brownish.

[ Prothorax lost. ]

Meso-metathorax checolate-brown, with five yellow or

greenish-yellow stripes on each side of the mid-dorsal crest,

increasing progressively in width from above downwards—

the first, lying on the dorsum, curved, diverging anteriorly

from its fellow, and not quite reaching the mesothoracic half-

collar above ; the second running parallel with and lying a

little above the humeral suture; the third crossing the

mesepimeron medially ; the fourth occupying the posterior

half of the metepisternum, and at about mid-height throwing

Gomphine Dragonflies from South America. 139

forward a strongly marked dentiform projection into the dark

anterior half; and the fifth crossing the metepimeron medially.

The extreme posterior angle of the metepimeron greenish

yellow.

Wings (PI. VII. fig. 15) hyaline. Costa anteriorly golden

yellow as faras the pterostigma. Subcosta red. Radius and

some, at least, of the succeeding convex veins, seen from above,

black. Viewed obliquely from behind, the entire venation, in-

cluding the costa, appears to be red. Antenodals 19-20 in the

fore wings and 12-13 in the hind wings. A _ basal subcostal

cross-vein present in each wing. In the fore wings the

second hypertrophied antenodal is the seventh in the series ;

in the hind wings it is the sixth. Postnodals 10 in the fore

wings and 10-11 in the hind wings. Arculus at about the

level of the second regular antenodal. One cubito-anal cross-

vein, supplementary to the anal crossing and the one closing

the subtriangle, in right fore wing and in each hind wing ;

not present in left fore wing. Anal triangle in hind wing

containing from four to five cells, and the anal loop five cells.

Pterostigma with a weak brace-vein, very broad, 4°5 mm.

long, surmounting from four and a half to nearly six of the

cells below, opaque, very dark red, bounded by black veins.

The cells between M, and Rs beginning to be doubled beyond

the level of the proximal end of the pterostigma. The trebling

of the post-trigonal cells beginning a little after the level of

separation of My,2. Cu, and Cug in hind wing not strongly

divergent ; three to four cells between them at the wing-

margin.

[Fore legs missing.]_ Mid legs black. Femur of hind leg

blackish below ; above greenish yellow, with two dark longi-

tudinal lines. [Tibia and tarsus missing. |

Abdomen: ground-colour of segments 1 and 2 chocolate-

brown, of segments 3-10 black. Mach segment marked with

yellow or greenish yellow, as follows :—1 with a band on the

basal margin and a broader ring on the apical margin ; 2

with a broad median stripe, expanding apically into a narrow

ring ; 8-6 with a basal ring, occupying more than a third,

but less than a half, of the segment ; 3 with a large and 6

with a small lateral spot on each side of the segment, beyond

the ring; 7 with the basal half yellow, the ring strongly

produced into the apical half laterally ; 8 and 9 with a broad

basal ring, strongly produced towards the apex of the segment

medially and laterally ; 8 with a few black denticles on the

dorsal carina; 10 chiefly yellow. Auricles yellow.

Posterior hamules very prominent, long, black, densely

clothed with pale hairs in the distal half; in profile view

140 On Gomphine Dragonflies from South America.

broad, convex ventrally, and ending in a long straight point ;

in. ventral. view widely separated basally, converging ae

expanding internally until they nearly touch one another at

about mid-length, and then narrowing to form a pair of rather

slender forceps. Vesicle of the penis black, rather hairy,

stout; the extremity directed backwards. Upper anal

appendages yellow, hairy, about as long as segments 9 and 10

taken together, broad in the first two-thirds of their length,

then narrowing and curving towards one another until they

meet or even overlap ea low superior tubercle at the broadest

part of the appendage is followed by an internal expansion

which terminates posteriorly in an acute tooth, directed

inwards and forwards. Lower anal appendages black, about

two-thirds as long as the superior appendages, strongly

divergent at their base, and then curving gently inwards, and

ending in a sharp hook.

Zonophora spectabilis presents several points of difference

from the genotype and other members of the genus. It has

a more southern distribution than any other species yet

described, and is further distinguished from all its congeners

by the presence of pale spots on segments 8, 9, and 10 of the

abdomen. It is likewise the smallest of the known species of

Zonophora, and in this respect comes nearest to Z. calippus,

Selys. Indeed, 7. calippus and Z. spectabilis are differen-

tiated from the more typical forms in other ways, for they

share in common certain veuational peculiarities from which

the larger species are excluded. For instance, they agree

with one another and differ from Z. campanulata in the

presence of a basal subcostal antenodal in all wings, and in the

normal presence of a supplementary cubitc-anal cross-vein, in

addition to the anal crossing and the base of the subtriangle.

In the absence, however, of marked differences in the general

design of the external genitalia and anal appendages, it seems

a(lvisable to treat Z. spectabilis and Z. calippus as being con-

generic with Z. campanu/ata.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate VI.

Fig. 1. Gomphoides dentatus, Selys, 3, type. Right wings. G. Severin

photo.

Fig. 2. Ditto. Anal appendages in dorsal view. G. Severin photo.

Fig. 3. Gomphoides distinguendus, sp. n., d, type. Right wings. G.

Severin photo.

tg. 4. Ditto. Anal appendages in dorsal view. G. Severin photo.

Zig. 5, Ditto, Terminal segments of abdomen and anal appendages in

dorsal and left profile view. G. Severin del.

On a new Genus of Aviculariide. 141

Fig. 6. Gomphoides calverti, Kirby, 3, type. Terminal segments of

abdomen and anal appendages, in left profileview. P. Highley

cam. luc, et del.

Fig. 7. Ditto. Penis and its vesicle, in left profile view. P. Highley

cam. luc. et del. c, second joint of penis; d, vesicle of penis.

PLATE VII.

Fig. 8. Gomphordes camposi, Calvert, ¢, type. Penis and its vesicle, in

left profile view. P. P. Calvert cam. luc. et del. c, second

joint of penis ; d, vesicle of penis.

Fig. 9. Ditto. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, in left profile

view. P.P. Calvert cam. luc. et del. a, anterior hamule ;

b, posterior hamule ; ¢, second joint of penis; d, vesicle of

penis.

Fig. 10. Zonophora bedkini, sp. n., 9, type. Left wings. F. W. Cam-

pion photo.

Fig. 11. Ditto. Vulvar lamina. H. Knight del.

Fig. 12. Ditto. Maxilla. H. Knight del.

Fig. 13. Ditto. Mandible, external view. H. Knight del.

Fig. 14. Ditto. Mandible, internal view. H. Knight del.

Fig. 15, Zonophora spectabilis, sp. u., od, type. Left wings, F. W,

Campion photo.

XVIII.—An interesting new Genus of Aviculariide. By

Metto-Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of

Sciences.

AmonGstT the abundant material of large Brazilian Mygales

from the Museum of Natural History at 8. Paulo, I have

found one very interesting species, collected at Marianna,

Estado de Minas Geraes, by Mr. José Pinto da Fonseca,

which is the type of the new genus described below.

ANCYLOCHIROS *, gen. nov.

Type, A. taunayi, sp. n.

Cephalothorax low, a little longer than wide, the central

fovea deep, transverse. ‘The ocular tumulus not much broader

than long. ‘lhe anterior row of eyes strongly procurved, the

anterior edge of the medians being behind the posterior edge

of laterals; eyes nearly evenly spaced and subequal. Poste-

rior medians much smaller than the anterior medians;

posterior laterals about as large as the anterior laterals.

Labium much broader than long, with the tip densely

* ayktdos, curved; xeip, hand; an allusion to the shape of the palp-

tarsus in female.

142 On a new Genus of Aviculariide.

studded with cusps. Coxa of pedipalps witha very cuspulose

basal area.

Sternum a little longer than wide, with conspicuous poste-

rior sigille, separated from the margin by nearly the same

distance which divides them.

Legs 4, 1, 2, 3 without spines ; the tarsal scopula of legs

1., L1., and IL. entire; of IV. with a narrow longitudinal

band of spiniform bristles. There are no stridulating bristles.

Palpal tarsus (in female) very bowed at the base ; beyond

much depressed, a little hollow, with dorsal series of small

spines.

Male unknown.

This genus is intermediate between the Ischnocolew and

Aviculariex, Simon. From the Avicularieze it differs in the

position of the posterior sternal sigille (marginal or sub-

marginal in all the Aviculariezs) and in having the posterior

tarsal scopula divided by a longitudinal band of spiniform

bristles. I[t is distinguished from the Ischnocolee by the

unarmed legs. From Phlogiodes, Pocock (to which, by the

position of sternal sigilla, it is perhaps allied), it differs in

having the thoracic central fovea straight (strongly pro-

curved in Phlogiodes) and the anterior row of eyes strongly

procurved (only a little in Phlogiodes). From all the Avicu-

lariide: it differs by the anomalous form of palpal tarsus.

Genotype :

Ancylochiros taunayt*, sp. n.

2 .—34 mm.

Cephalothorax very dark red-brown mahogany, clothed

with dark pubescence. Cheliceres dark red-brown ;_fang-

groove with eight black teeth on the inner margin and with

long pink hairs. Sternum and cowe of the legs black, densely

hairy ; labium and cove of pedipalps a little lighter. Legs

dark red-brown, with long rust-coloured hairs. Abdomen

black ; the dorsum with three pairs of large, oblique, rusty

spots. ‘Che whole abdomen with long, semierect, rust-

coloured hairs ; ventral area and spinnerets velvety black.

Carapace a little longer than wide, as long as tibia+

patella I. or IV. and metatarsus+tarsus IV., longer than

inetatarsus + tarsus I.

Anterior eyes equal, in a row and strongly procurved.

Posterior medians: much smaller than anterior medians, sepa-

rated from the anterior medians and posterior jaterals by

about a diameter.

* I have much pleasure in naming this form in honour of Dr. A, de

Taunay, Savant Director of the Sao Paulo Museum, at Ypiranga.

On Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 143

Legs unarmed (38, 35, 34, and 41 mm.). Metatarsus I.

and II. scopulated almost to base; metatarsus III. in the

apical two-thirds ; 1V. without scopula.

Palpal tarsus strongly bowed at basal third; beyond curved,

hollow, depressed, with three longitudinal series of little

black cuspids.

Hab. Marianna (Estado de Minas Geraes). Coll. José

Pinto da Fonseca.

Type. A female, in the collections of the 8S. Paulo Museum.

XIX.—LRhynchota from New Caledonia.

By W. L. Disranr.

THIS collection of Rhynchota was made during the expedition

to New Caledonia during the whole of 1914 by Mr. P. W.

Montague and Prof. RK. H. Compton to investigate the fauna

and flora of this most interesting French colony *. The

expenses of the expedition were largely defrayed by grants

from the Royal Society, the Percy Sladen Trust Fund, and

the Worts Fund of the University of Cambridge.

Prof. R. H. Compton subsequently presided at the Botanical

Gardens, Cape ‘Town, 8.A., but Mr. Montague was a victim

in the late great war. I am informed by Mr. Hugh Scott, of

Cambridge, that ‘*‘ Montague went over a trench in Macedonia

and was never heard of again.”

The whole of the Rhynchotal collection is now contained

in the British Museum.

Pann)

“HETEROPTERA.

Fam. Pentatomide.

Subfam. Sevrrerreriv2.

Genus CoLEOTICHUS, White f.

Coleotichus costatus.

Coleotichus costatus, Fabr. Mant. ii. p. 282 (1787).

Hab. Mt. Dore, Noumea.

* ‘The Geographical Journal,’ xlix. p. 81 (1917).

+ C. artensis, Montr. (Scutellera artensis), A. S. Linn, Lyon. y. p. 259

(1858), is also contained in the Brit. Mus. from both New Caledonia and

Moreton Bay, Australia, but is not included in this collection nor in the

one made by Sarasin and Roux which I previously worked out (Nov.

Caled, Zool, 1. L. iv. 10 (1914),

144 Mr. W. L. Distant en

Genus TEcTOocoRIS, Hahn.

Tectocoris lineola.

Cimex lineola, Fabr. Spec. Ins, ii. p. 840 (1781).

Hab. Mt. Dore, Baie Ngo.

Philia caledonica, sp. n.

Dull reddish ochraceous; head, antenne, anterior area of

pronotum, about anterior half of scutellum (excluding lateral

margins), head and body beneath, tibiae and tarsi black or

blackish ; anterior area of pronotum and basal area of scu-

tellum with metallic greenish reflections ; antennee with the

first and second joints shortest, fourth and fifth longest; a

transverse series of punctures defining the short, slightly

raised, anterior area of the pronotum; the whole upper

surface more or less very finely punctate ; rostrum very dark

testaceous and extending to base of abdomen ; legs somewhat

strengly marginally hirsute.

Long. 13 mm.

Hab. Baie Ovemo.

Philia geminata, sp. n.

Body above dark shining indigo-blue, finely and thickly

punctate; basal marginal areas of pronotum and scutellum

(excluding their centres) shaded with metallic shining blue

and green, a transverse shiving reddish-ochraceous fascia

broken in the middle, but each part margined with metallic

bluish green, crossing scutellum a little behind middle, and a

similarly coloured spot near apex ; body beneath indigo-blue ;

a transverse ochraceous fascia at base of"head between eyes ;

coxe, trochanters and femora, and lateral margins of abdomen

—inwardly indented on each segment—bright reddish ochra-

ceous ; rostrum slightly passing the posterior coxee ; antenna

black, first and second joints shortest and subequal in length,

third and fourth also subequal, fifth longest; pronotum con-

cavely impressed on each side at base, and scutellum elon-

gately impressed on each side before middle.

Long. 14 mm.

Hab. Baie Ovemo.

Chrysocoris sexmaculatus.

Scutellera sevmaculata, Leach, Zool. Mise. il. p. 36, pl. xiv. (1815).

Hab. Noumea.

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. £45

Subfam. Crpyrva.

Genus Haunt, Ellenr.

Hahnia australis,

Hahnia australis, Erichs. Faun, Vandiem., Arch, fiir Naturg. &, p. 275

(1842),

Tlab. Mt. Mou.

Subfam. PenwrarouinZ.

NEOSURENUS, gen. nov.

Allied to Surenus, Dist., from Burma*, but differing in

the following characters AME adi ithtte lateral lobes much

onger than the central lobe, but with their apices obliquely

ounded, not obliquely subtruncate ; antenne with the first

rolnt fet reaching apex of the head, the second and third

joints and the fourth and fifth donuts subequal in length ;

lateral angles of the pronotum not subprominent but oblique sly

rounded, fle lateral margins not dentate and almost straiglitly

oblique ; corium with, the lateral margins reaching and

moderately passing the margins of the connexivam, which

are entire and not angulated at the segmental incisures ;

stigmatal spots to the abdomen very distinct and tuberculous,

Neosurenus montaguet, sp. n.

Above ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate ; eyes

prominent. and black; membrane pale fuscous, with dark

longitudinal veins; head beneath ochraceous, with a broad

transverse fascia of black punctures between the eyes ;

sternum ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate, black at the

coxal basal areas, the lateral margins a little paler; abdomen

beneath thickly darkiy punctate, stigmatal spots black,

connexivum both above and beneath ochraceous, beneath

with darker mottlings; legs and rostrum ochraceous, the

latter reaching the intermediate coxze ; antenne ocliraceous,

apical joint blackish but ochraceous at base ; other characters

as in Bpnene diagnosis.

Long. 124 mm.

Hab. Mt. Panié.

* Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 106; Faun. Brit. Ind., Heteropt. i. p. 116,

fig. 61, p. 117.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol, vi. 10

146 Mr. W. L. Distant on ©

Polycarmes punctatissimus.

Acanthidium punctatissimum, Monty. Ann. Soc. Linn, Lyon. vy. p. 245

(1858).

Hab. Mt. Mou, Houadou R., near Dumbea, Panié.

Eurinome tneonspicua.

Pentatoma tnconspicua, Montr. Aun. Soc. Linn, Lyon. v. p. 249 (1858).

Hab. Mt. Mou, Central District.

Halyomorpha canalana.

Halyomorpha canalana, Dist. in Sarasin and Roux, Noy. Caled. Zool. i.

L. iv. no. 10, p. 374, pl. xii. fig. 7 (1914).

Hab. Mt. Panié, near Dumbea.

Genus STENozyGuM, Fabr.

Stenozygum flavifrons.

Stenozygum flavifrons, Dist. in Sarasin & Roux, New Caledonia, Zool.

vol. i, L. iv. no. 10, p. 375, pl. xi. fig. 2 (1914).

Hab. Ba Bay.

Genus Cuspicona, Dall.

Cuspicona viridis.

Cuspicona viridis, Montr. Ann. Soc. Phys. (2) vii. p. 98 (1855).

Cusprcona zeloma, Kirk, Cat. Hem. Het. p. 143. 20 (1909).

Hab. Central District, Houadou.

Many specimens of this species are ochraceous and may be

considered as either discoloured or variable forms.

Genus Morna, Stal.

Morna leucospula.

Morna leucospila, Walk. (Cuspicona) Cat. Hem. Het. ii. p. 387 (1867).

Hab. Mt. Ignambi.

Genus VITELLUS, Stal.

Vitellus auricornis.

Vitellus auricornis, Walk. (Cuspicona) Cat. Hem. Het. ii. p. 387 (1867).

Hab. Mt. Koghi, Central District.

Rhynehota from New Caledonia, 147

Genus PEGALA, Stal (nee Bergr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.

Iviil, p. 143, 1914).

Pegala levis.

Pegala levis, Berg. Rev. Ent. xiii. p. 152 (1894).

Pegala figuina, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 590 (1910).

Hab. New Caledonia ; Baie Ovemo. Queensland.

In deseribing this species from Australia I had not thought

it necessary to consult Bergroth’s description of his species

from New Caledonia. ‘The British Museum has now

exainples from both localities. The species, however, varies

in length, some small specimens only attaining a length of

11 mm.

Pegala virens, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium virescent, basal

marginal area of pronotum more or less testaceous, head and

apical area of scutellum pale ochraceous ; membrane greyish

brown ; body beneath and legs pale greenish, rostrum and a

basal spot to abdomen dark testaceous ; antenne dark ochra-

ceous, Joints (excluding first) almost subequal in length, but

fourth and fifth a little stoutest; pronotum, seutelluin, aud

corium thickly coarsely punctate, head more finely punctate ;

body beneath finely and obscurely punctate ; abdomen cen-

trally, finely, longitudinally ridged.

Long. 10 mm.

Hab, Plaine des Lacs. ;

Pegala flavescens, s). n.

Bright ochraceous ; lateral lobes of head, pronotal margins,

a central, narrow, longitudinal fascia, and subapical area to

scutellum, and the coriym paler and more stramineous ; body

beneath (excluding rostrum, legs, and metasternum) paler and

stramineous ; autenne stramineous, extreme apices of joints

and the whole of fifth joint a little darker in hue, second and

third joints a little longest and subequal, fourth and fifth a

little shorter and subequal in length ; eyes black; ocelli

small aud dark castaneous ; pronotum (excluding margins)

coarsely punctate, basal lateral angles short, recurved, and

sanguineous ; scutellum sparingly but distinctly punctate ;

corium more finely and more thickly punctate; membrane

shining greyish and moderately passing the abdominal apex,

which beneath is armed with four short but robust longitu-

dinal spines ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxze.

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. Noumea,

10*

1age) hr WL wieientien

Subfam. Asoprv 2.

Genus ANDRALLUS, Bergr.

Andrallus spinidens. :

Cimex spinidens, Fabr. Mant. Ins, ii. p. 286 (1787).

Hab. Central District.

Genus Eaupa, Walker.

Ealda minax.

Ealda minax, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 409 (1867).

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Genus PLatynopus, Amy. & Serv.

Platynopus melacanthus.

Platynopus melacanthus, Boisd. Voy. Astrol., Ent. ii. p. 628, pl. ii. fig. 7

(1835).

Hab. Central District.

Fam. Coreida.

Subfam. Corzrvz.

Genus Micris, Leach.

Mictis profana.

Mictis profana, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 211 (1803).

Hab. Mt. Mou, Noumea.

Subfam. Azyprvz.

Genus MIRPERUS, Stal.

Mirperus curvidens.

Mirperus curvidens, Monty. Ann, Soc. Linn. Lyon, (11) v. p. 254 (1858).

Hab. Central District, Mt. Mou.

Subfam. Corrzrz.

Genus SERINETHA.

Serinetha isolata.

Serinetha isolata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiii. p. 179 (1914).

Hab. Mt. Noumea.

Originally described from the Marshall Islands.

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 149

RANTURRA, gen. nov.

Body long

g, narrow and elongate ; head distinctly longer

than broad, produced beyond the antenniferous tubercles, the

lateral lobes distinctly bifidly separate at apices, two distinct

ocelli near base and between lower margins of eyes; antennae

with the basal joint longer and more robust than the other

joints ; rostrum with the basal joint not extending much

beyond the middle of head, almost in a line with posterior

margins of eyes, apex about reaching the intermediate coxee ;

scutellum elongate, longer than “broad, lateral margins

obliquely straight; membrane a little longer than corium, but

not reaching abdominal apex ; legs long and slender, femora

and tibiee almost baler in length, the femora distinctly stouter

than the tibiew ; tarsi with the basal joint much the longest.

Allied to Turrana, Dist., from Queensland, but differing

from that genus by the much more slender antenne, much

more elongate head, and longer and more slender legs, &e.

Ranturra attenuata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium brownish ochra-

ceous, the pronotum, scutellum, and corium thickly, finely,

darkly punctate, the anterior margin of the pronotum usually

narrowly pale sanguineous; membrane shining metaliic

brown; abdomen above as seen beyond apex of membrane

more or less piceous, the lateral margins ochraceous ; body

beneath and legs ochraceous; sternum thickly, somewhat

coarsely punctate.

Long. 11-12 mm.

Hab. Central area of New Caledonia and Houadou R.

CRISTOVALLIA, gen. nov.

Body moderately elongate; head large, about as long as

breadth at base (including eyes, which are large and promi-

nent), lateral margins anteriorly narrowed and concavely

sinuate, central lobe prominent but not passing apex of head ;

antenniferous tubercles stout and prominent; antennz with

the basal and apical joints stoutest, second and. third slender,

second longest; rostrum reaching base of abdomen, first

joint scarcely passing base of head ; mesosternum centrally

incised; pronotum a little shorter than broad, obliquely,

straightly deflected from near base to apex, lateral margins

straightly narrowing to apex, lateral angles prominent ;

scutellum subtri anoular ; corium and membrane subequal in

length ; legs moderately slender, femora and tibie subequal

150 Mr. W. L. Distant on

in length, the femora moderately and equally thickened for

their own length.

The length and shape of the head denotes affinity with the

genera Clavigralla and Ceraleptus.

Cristovallia typica, sp. 0.

Head testaceous brown, lateral margins before and behind

eyes ochraceous, eyes dark castaneous ;_ ocelli at base

purplish red ; antennze with the first, second, and third joints

pale castaneous, their extreme apices and the fourth joint

(excluding a pale basal annulation) black, basal joint stoutest

and moderately curved; pronotum ochraceous, its basal

margin dark castaneous ; scutellum ochraceous ; corium and

membrane dark castaneous, their lateral margins ochraceous ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous ; pronotum thickly coarsely

punctate, the basal angles subacutely straightly prominent ;

corium thickly punctate ; sternum thickly coarsely punctate.

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. Baie Ovemo.

Fam. Lygeide.

Subfam. Lyrearm.

Genus Ly@aus, Fabr.

Lygeus hospes.

Lygeus hospes, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iv. p. 150 (1794).

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Genus ONCOPELTUS, Stal.

Oncopeltus rubromarginatus, sp. Nn.

Body above, antenna, and legs black; connexivum,

sternum, and abdomen beneath sanguineous ; antennee mode-

rately stout, basal joint only just passing apex of head, second

joint longer than third, fourth -stoutest, about as long as

second joint; body depressed; pronotum with the basal

angles a little posteriorly produced, a faint, central, longitu-

dinal carination and a much stronger transverse subapical

carination, the surface somewhat coarsely punctate; scutellum

slightly tumescent and broadly, centrally, longitudinally

carinate; corium with the veins very prominent, membrane

reaching abdominal apex, the venation distinctly prominent ;

rostrum almost unseen in carded type.

Long. 7 mm.

Hab, Central District.

——— ee

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 151

Nystus caledonie, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous, somewhat

thickly darkly punctate ; eyes and an elongate spot near their

inner margins, a narrow transverse fascia near anterior margin

of pronotum, basal margin, a central longitudinal line and

basal angles to same, basal margin, and a central longitudinal

line to scutellum black ; antennze ochraceous, first and fourth

joints and extreme apices of second and third joints distinetly

darker, sometimes blackish in hue; corium dull pale ochra-

ceous, membrane greyish white ; body beneath and legs dull

ochraceous, femora blackly punctate, apices of tarsal joints

black ; second and fourth joints of antennee longest and sub-

equal in length, basal joint shortest and with the fourth joint

stoutest; basal area of abdomen beneath and large macula-

tions to sternum black; rostrum about reaching posterior

coxe ; three small linear black spots on apical margin of

corium,

Long, 4-44 mm.

Hab. Central District ; Gondé.

Allied to WN. delectus, Buch. White, from the Sandwich

Islands.

Subfam. Brisszw zx.

Genus Macropes, Motsch.

Macropes montaguet, sp. n.

Head and pronotum black, apex of the first and basal third

of the second pale testaceous, scutellum testaceous ; corium

stramineous ; membrane greyish, the veins blackish ; head

and sternum beneath blackish, abdomen and legs sanguineous ;

central lobe of head distinctly projecting ; antenne with the

fourth and second joints longest, first joint not quite reaching

apex of head; corium and membrane short, the latter only

just passing the base of the fourth abdominal segment ; ante-

rior and intermediate femora distinctly incrassated, the first

spinous beneath.

Long. 63-7 mm.

Hab. Plaine des Lacs.

Subfam. G'zocorrv 2.

Genus Neocyeus, Dist.

Neocypus variegatus.

Ocypus variegatus, Monty. Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. (4) i. p, 68 (1861).

Hab. Mt. St. Arago ; Mt. Ignambi.

[52 Mr. W. L: Distant on

Neocypus seutellatus, sp. 0.

Head ochraceous, finely darkly punctate, the stylated eyes

pale castaneous, their bases ochraceous ; antenne ochraceous ;

apices of the first, second, and third joints and the whole of

the fourth joint black; pronotum ochraceous, coarsely thickly

punctate, the margins and a central longitudinal line pale

levigate ochraceous, a prominent black spot on each basal

angle and two similar spots near anterior margin; scutellum

ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate, a central pale

levigate longitudinal line extending from apex to about one-

third from anterior margin, where it bifureates towards the

basal angles, which are black ; corium pale ochraceous, the

clavus distinctly darker in hue, an angulate elongate black

line extending from about the apical third of costal mar in

to near middle of apical margin, and the apical angles black,

a prominent black spot at apex of membrane ; legs very pale

ochraceous ; femora blackly punctate, more densely go near

apices, extreme apices of tibia and apices of tarsal joints

black ; antennze with the first, second, and third joints ochra-

ceous, their apices and the whole of the fourth joint black or

dark fuscous, second joint longest, third and fourth joints

subequal in length ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded

specimens.

Long. 43-53 mm.

Hah. Central District; Mt. St. Arago and Rhoo Houadou Rh.

Neocypus minor, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, obscurely, thickly, finely punctate, the

punctures not daikened, a small central black spot near apex,

the stylated eyes reddish castaneous, their bases ochraceous ;

antennee ochraceous, the extreme apices of the first, second,

and third joints and the whole of the fourth joint black ;

pronotum somewhat short and broad, coarsely, thickly,

blackly punctate, a transverse levigate, slightly raised, ochra-

ceous fascia near anterior margin and a similar fascia at basal

margin, a minute black spot at basal angles ; seutellum

ochraceous, thickly and more darkly punctate, a central, pale,

narrow, longitudinal, levigite line extending throughout its

entire length, and a similar levigate angular spot at each

basal angle, well separated from the central line, basal angles

concolorous, not black; corium pale ochraceous, the clavus

thickly blackly punctate, the discal area more darkly ochra-

ceous in hue; membrane pale hyaline, reflecting the darker

abdomen beneath; legs pale ochraceous, femora not blackly

a es

a eee

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. Lae

punctate; antennez with the first, second, and third joints

ochraceous, their extreme apices and the whole of the fourth

joint black, second joint longest, third distinctly shorter than

fourth ; borty beneath imper fectly seen in carded specimen.

Long. 43 mm.

(No | precise locality given.)

The shorter and broader pronotum and the absence of the

prominent black spots near anterior margin of same will alone

distinguish this species from MW. scitellatus.

Neoeypus montanus, sp. 0.

Head, pronotum, and corium dark purplish red ; head and

pronotum more or less densely greyishly pubescent, apex of

head black, eyes castaneous, their bases pale stramineous ;

antenna castaneous, second * oint longest, fourth mutilated ;

scutellum pale shining greyish white, ‘extreme base and apex

dark purplish red ; membrane pale semiliyaline, reflecting the

dark abdomen beneath; body beneath purplish red; head

beneath, large marginal spots to sternum, and broad abdo-

minal segmental margins creamy white ; legs ochraceous, the

farsitestacecus : rostruin purplish red, ‘but imperfectly seen

in carded ie adie

Long. 65 mm.

Hab. Me S. Arago.

Genus NeoGerRMALUS, Montand.

Neogermalus membraneus.

Opthalmicus membraneus, Montr. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 67.

Neogermalus membraneus, Montand. Bull. Ac. Roum. i. p. ’50 (1918).

Neogermalus membraneus, Montand. Bull. Ac. Roum. ii. p, 51 (1915).

Germalus montandont, Bergr. Roy. Soc. Victoria, xxix. (n. 8.) pt. I,

p. 86 (1916).

Subfam. Oxycareving.

Genus OxYCARENUS, Fieb.

Oxvycarenus luctuosus.

Oxycarenus luctuosus, Montr. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr, 1861, p. 67.

Hab. Noumea.

Genus LACHNOPHOROIDES, Dist.

Lachnophorcides luteovaria, sp. 0

Head and pronotum black ; lateral margins of the head in

154 Mr. W. L. Distant on

front of eyes greyish white; posterior area of pronotum with

three longitudinal ochraceous lines and a spot of the same

colour near middle of lateral margins; scutellum black ;

corium black, claval area, base, some small discal spots, and

Inner apical margin reddish ochraceous ; membrane black,

with irregular dark ochraceous spots; body beneath—im-

perfectly seen in carded type—pale castaneous ; femora and

tibiee black, their apices and the tarsi pale ochraceous ;

antennze with the first and second joints ochraceous, third and

fourth joints piceous, first considerably passing apex of head,

second a little longest, fourth a little shorter than third ;

pronotum transverse, about as long as broad at base, trans-

versely impressed behind middle; femora incrassate, anterior

femora more strongly so, spined beneath, more longly so near

apices,

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Central District.

Subfam. Apwaniva.

Cligenes niveomaculatus, sp. n.

Body above dull sanguineous ; eyes black; a spot on each

lateral margin of pronotum, the same on lateral margins of

scutellum near base, and two smaller spots at apical margins

of same, a small basal marginal spot to corium, and a larger

spot margined with black beyond middle white, narrowly

margined with black; apical margins of corium narrowly

ochraceous ; membrane black; body beneath sanguineous ;

legs ochraceous ; antennze ochraceous, apical joint piceous,

first, third, and fourth joints subequal in length, second joint

a little longest ; pronotum medially transversely impressed.

Long. 2} mm.

Hab. Houadou.

Genus Leruaus, Dall.

Letheus tenebrosus.

Letheus tenebrosus, Dist. in Noy. Caled. Zool. i. L. iv. no. 10, p. 382,

pl. xii. fig. 4 (1914).

Hab. Heingheue.

Letheeus aurantiacus.

Letheus aurantiacus, Dist. in Noy. Caled. Zool. i. L. iv. no. 10, p. 882,

pl. xii. fig. 5 (1914).

In the specimens received from the Montague collection

the castaneous areas of the femora and antenne are ochraceous.

Hab. Carevin and Central Districts.

Rhynchota from New Caledonia, 155

MIRRHINA, gen. nov.

Tlead acuminate, more than half the length of pronotum,

acuminately produced in front of eyes; antenne with the

basal joint longly passing apex of head, first and second joints

Jongest and almost subequal in length, ‘third and fourth joints

shortest ; rostrum about reaching the intermediate cox, first

joint not reaching base of head; pronotum finely transversely

constricted, the anterior lobe shorter than the posterior, lateral

margins sinuate ; scutellum somewhat large and long, the

apex subacute; corium a little longer than membrane, the

latter with the veins more or less reticulate; legs with the

femora a little thickened, but not distinctly incrassate ; mem-

brane slightly passing abdominal apex *.

Mirrhina albicollis, sp. n

Head dark castaneous, eyes black ; antenne with the first

and second joints ochraceous, third and fourth jomts piceous ;

pronotum with the anterior collar palg ochraceous, the anterior

lobe castaneous, the posterior lobe brownish ochraceous,

darkly punctate, with darker longitudinal lines ; ecutellum

piceous, the lateral margins and apex ochraceous ; corium

ochraceous, darkly punctate, usually with a small greyish-

white spot, the apical margin narrowly piceous; membrane

dull ochraceous, with darker margins and a central longitu-

dinal dark line; legs ochraceous ; other structural characters

as in generic deg

Terie 4-43) mm.

lab. Houadon, Mt. St. Arago.

Fam. Pyrrhocoride.

Genus DyspErcus, Amy. & Serv.

Dysdercus side.

Dysdercus side, Monty. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 68.

flab. Central District, Houadou R., Mt. Mou, Mt. Dore.

Fam, Tingidide.

Division CANTACADERARTA,

CORINTHUS, gen. nov.

Head about as long as breadth between eyes, a long,

* From the descriptions the species Lygeus pulchellus, Monty., and

Lygeus biguttatus, Monty. (Ann. Soc, Linn, Lyon, v. p. 255, 1858),

appear to also belong to this genus.

156 Mr. W. L. Distant on

slightly recurved, and upwardly directed spine in front of each

eye; antenne inserted near middle of the lateral margins of

the head, basal joint robust, longer than broad, second joint

shorter than first and only moderately incraasated, third joint

very long and slender, fourth moderately incrassated, a little

longer than first; rostrum imperfectly seen in carded speci-

mens; pronotum with the lateral margins moderately laminate

and upwardly recurved; scutellum a little longer than

broad ; hemelytra reticulated, with the areas distinct.

Allied to Conycentrum, Fiebs but differing by the much

larger and more elongate scutellum, which is centrally and

late rally longitudinally strongly carinate.

ie :

Corinthus typicus, sp. n.

Stramineous, the lateral areas of the pronotum and _ the

lateral and apical areas of the hemelytra paler in hue ; apical

joint of the antennee black, with its extreme base stramineous ;

pronotum with two ochraceous slightly conically raised spots

near middle, divided bg a central longitudinal carination ;

there is also a less continuous longitudinal carination on each

lateral area, the lateral areas laminately upturned and more

largely and prominently reticulate; scutellum prominently

and laterally longitudinally carinate ; lateral and apical areas

of the hemelytra more prominently and largely reticulate, as

in the pronotum.

Long. 35 mm.

Hab. Houadou.

Compseuta signata, sp. n.

Head black ; antennee ochraceous, apical joint (excluding

extreme base) black; pronotum ochraceous, with two spots

behind head and two elongate spots near apex black, the

anterior margin narrowly and the apex more prominently

pale ochraceous ; legs ochraccous ; elytra pale ochraceous, the

margins of the cells on about basal third black ; costal area

of the elytra moderately ampliate, the pronotum laterally

convexly narrowed behind eyes ; first joint of antennee about

twice the length of second joint, third joint much the longest ;

pronotum laterally concavely narrowed behind eyes.

Long. 4 mm.

flab, Paompai.

NOBARNUS, gen. nov.

Antenne slender, finely pilose, first and second joints shoit

and incrassate, second much shorter than first, third very

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 157

Jong and slender, fourth only about as long as first ; head

short, transverse; eyes not separated from anterior margin of

pronotum ; pronotum with the anterior margin truncate, the

anterior angles not prominent, somewhat broadly rounded,

slightly laterally ampliate, centrally longitudinally tricarinate,

the carinations straight; elytra with the costal area non-

ampliate, but narrow, the areolets small.

Allied to Compseuta, Stal, but differing by the non-ampliated

costal area of the elytra, the pronotum not laterally concavely

narrowed behind eyes, &c.

Nobarnus typicus, sp. n.

Head black, antennze ochraceous, the apical joint (excluding

extreme base) black ; pronotum black, the lateral margins,

apex, and tlree discal longitudinal lines pale ochraceous ;

elytra pale ochraceous, the basal and apical areas broadly

piceous and very narrowly connected by a longitudinal series

of darker cells ; abdomen above shining black ; body beneath

imperfectly seen in carded specimen; anterior and inter-

mediate legs ochraceous ; structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Long. 4 mm.

flab. Mt. Arago.

Fam. Aradide.

Subfam. BracnyrHyNcHINe.

Phleobia say. b.

Phieobia sayz, Monty. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (2) x1. p. 286 (1865).

Hab. Dumbea.

Cienoneurus lifuanus.

Ctenoneurus lifuanus, Montr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1861, p. 69.

Hab. Noumea.

Fam. Hydrometride.

Subfam. Vezrrvz.

Rhagovelia nigricans,

Rhagovelia nigricans, Burm. Handb, Ent. ii. p. 213 (1835),

Hab. Near Dumbea, Mt. Mou, Ignambi.

158 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Subfam. Gerri.

Gerris luctuosa.

Gerris luctuosa, Monty. Aun. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xi. p. 242 (1864).

Hab. Central District, Mt. Mou.

Halobates germanus.

Halobates germanus, Buch. White, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool. vii.

p. 50, pl. i. fig. 6 (1888).

Hab. Bai Bay, Noumea.

Hal. bates flaviventris.

Halobates flaviventris, Esch. Entomograph. i. p. 109, t. x1. fig. 5 (1822) ;

Buch. White, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ Zool. vii. p. 55, t. xi. fig. 2

(1883).

Hab. Bay of Prony; Kaouakoué Bay; Ba Bay ; Noumea.

Apparently a variable species.

Fam. Reduviide.

Subfam. Hwesrv x.

Ploiariola babayana, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale ochraceous; eyes

black, lateral margins of pronotum black; abdomen above

pale testaceous, basal area black; body beneath and legs

ochraceous, anterior femora with three broad dull testaceois

annulations ; apices of the intermediate and posterior femora

black ; antenne pale ochraceous, first joint longer than the

second, the apices of the first annulated with black; hemelytra

very pale luteous, mottled with darker macular marki gs anil

with about four costal elongate blackish spots; wings dull

greyish white, the veins darker.

Long. 7 mm.

Hab. Ba Bay.

Subfam. Sarcrwa.

Polytoxvus jourdant.

Leptomera jourdani, Monty. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (2) xi. p. 238 (1864).

Polytovus jourdani, Schout. Ann, Soe, nt. Belg. li, p. 117 (1907).

Hab. Carovin, Houadou R.

ee a ees oe ee ee eee

————

ito}

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 1

Subfam. Srzworopin2.

Sastrapada armata.

Sastrapada armata, Monty, Ann. Soc. Linn, Lyon, (2) xi, p. 239 (1864).

Hab. Central District.

Sastrapada nigrolineata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale dull ochraceous, head

with the lateral margins of the central lobe and two central,

longitudinal, anteriorly and posteriorly divergent lines on basal

area between eyes and the lateral margins behind eyes pale

fuscous brown; ocelli reddish, eyes black ; antenne pale

dull ochraceous, second joint longest ; pronotum with three

longitudinal linear dark fasciee, of which one is central and

the other two sublateral; scutellum with a broad, central,

dark, longitudinal fascia and the basal angles of the same

hue; tegmina dull ochraceous, with darker linear and macu-

late suffusions, the costal area distinctly paler; membrane

greyish, the veins darker, the apical area also darkly suffused ;

body beneath—imperfectly seen in carded specimen—and the

legs pale dull ochraceous ; anteocular portion of head longer

than posterior portion, obsoletely broadly prominent behind

eyes, rostrum with the first joint about equal in length to the

two apical joints together; anterior femora moderately

incrassated, shortly spinose beneath.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab, Central District.

Oncocephalus velutinus.

Oncocephalus velutinus, Montr. Ann, Soc, Linn, Lyon, (2) xi, p. 239

(1864).

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Subfam. AcanrHAsPrmpin#.

UTILITARIA, gen, nov.

Head large and robust, anteocular a little longer than post-

ocular area, eyes large, extending transversely across tle

lateral areas of the head, anterior margin biangulate ; an-

tennes with the first joint about as long as head, basal joint a

little stoutest, moderately curved, and shorter than the second

joimt; rostrum robust, first and second joints subequal in

length, apical joint reaching the anterior coxe; prouotum

160 Mr. W. L. Distant on

about twice as broad at base as at anterior margin, the

anterior angles tuberculously acute, transversely constricted

near middle, the anterior area convex and rugosely convoluted,

the posterior area broadly but not deeply centrally sulcate,

the lateral angles shortly but robustly acute ; scutellum with

the apex somewhat strongly and longly apically recurved ;

femora moderately long, anterior femora the more robust ;

abdomen beneath centrally convexly ridged ; connexivum

broad and somewhat at right angles with the abdomen.

Allied to Gerbelius, Dist.

Utilitaria typiea, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum dull black; lateral margins

of head near insertion of antennge, lateral margins between

eyes, two circular fascia on anterior pronotal lobe, two oblique

econ each lateral area of the posterior lobe, the apices of

the lateral angles, and the narrow posterior pronotal margin

dull testaceous ; scutellum black, its apex dull testaceous ;

corlum stramineous, the basal and apical areas, clavus, and a

few small spots on the pale area dull blackish; membrane

piceous ; head and body beneath dull blackish ; legs ochra-

ceous, two broad annulations to femora, three annulations

to anterior and intermediate tibie, and two annulations to

posterior tibie black ; antennee with the first and secoud joints

stoutest and dull testaceous, remaining joints slender and dull

ochraceous, second joint longest ; anterior pronotal angles

somewhat shortly and robustly produced, posterior pronotal

angles more strongly produced, disk of pronotum rugosely

punctate; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 11 mm.

Hab. Central District.

Fam. Capside.

Callicratides antennalis, sp. 0.

Ochraceous ; eyes black; antennze ochraceous, basal joint

pale sanguineous, apex of second joint black, third and fourth

joints black, with their bases narrowly ochraceous ; ; pronotum

with a short longitudinal black line on basal area, three spots

(sometimes wanting) on the anterior collar, and the extreme

basal angles black, basal marginal area mone or less easta-

neous 3 margins and a central longitudinal line to scutellum,

inner and outer margins of clavus, “and narrow apical margins

to corlum black ; membrane very pale ochraceous, with the

venation black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous: apices of

—

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 161

the femora castaneous ; corium more or less pale castaneous,

with the lateral marginal areas and the cuneus very pale

ochraceous ; antenne with the basal joint incrassated, about

as long as head, second joint longest, moderately thickened,

about four times as long as first; scutellum moderately long,

tumid, subdepressed, and longitudinally sulcate; femora

moderately incrassated.

Long. 5 mm,

flab. Central District and Upper Houadou R.

Allied to C. rama, Kirby, from Ceylon and Seychelles.

FALISCUS, gen. nov.

Elongate ; head moderately robust and tumid, narrowly

and obscurely centrally longitudinally sulcate near base ;

antenne with the first joint about as long as pronotum,

second joint longest, third scarcely more than half the length

of second; pronotum elongate, with a broad anterior collar,

broadly transversely depressed near middle, the anterior lobe

distinctly narrower than the posterior lobe, which has the

basal angles nodulose ; scutellum moderately tumid, about as

bioad at base as long; hemelytra much longer than broad,

the lateral margins slightly convex, cuneus elongate ; legs

somewhat long and slender; rostrum about reaching the

intermediate coxz ; membrane elongate, distinctly longer

than broad,

Allied to Harpedona, Dist.

Faliscus cuneatus, sp. n.

Ochraceous, maculately marked with fuscous and red ;

antennee dull ochraceous, apices of first and second joints

black, bases and apices of third joint narrowly greyish white;

eyes black ; head with a central reddish longitudiual line, the

lateral margins behind eyes narrowly black; pronotum thickly

darkly punctate, the anterior lobe with its lateral areas

blackish ; scutellum with the basal angles and apex black ;

clavus darkly punctate and finely maculate, the spots on the

apical area rather larger ; corium darkly maculate and more

or less suffused with fuscous, the dark spots on lateral areas

largest, cuneus distinctly spotted with red; membrane ochra-

ceous, somewhat largely suffused with fuscous ; legs ochra-

ceous, annulated with fuscous, the posterior tibize less so than

the anterior and intermediate tibizw, basal areas of the femora

sparingly spotted with red; other structural characters as in

generic diagnosis.

Long. 7-8 mm.

Hab. Mt. St. Arago.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. aa

162 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Megacelum nigroscutellatum, sp. 0.

Ochraceous, moderately and testaceously punctate ; an-

tenn ochraceous, apices of the first and second joints fuscous ;

eyes black ; pronotum with the lateral areas generally more

or less testaceous, two dark spots on anterior lobe and a series

of dark spots on basal margin, the whole surface distinctly

punctate; scutellum with the apex broadly black; corium

finely, more darkly, and testaceously punctate, the lateral

marginal areas paler and sparsely maculate ; cuneus finely

testaceously maculate ; membrane dull greyish with darker

suffusions ; legs pale ochraceous, the apical areas of the

femora and the tibiz with darker annulations; first joint of

antenne slightly incrassated, a little longer than head, second

joint about twice as long as first; membrane passing abdo-

minal apex.

Var.—Scutellum with two small black spots on apical area,

not apically broadly black.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab, Central Distriets, Upper Houadou, Gonde.

NEMESIANUS, gen. Nov.

Subelongate; head with a distinct central longitudinal

carination; eyes somewhat prominent, contiguous to the

anterior margin of the pronotum, but moderately projecting

beyond it; antennee with the first joint moderately incras-

sated, about as long as head, second joint about three times

as long as first, third and fourth joints short, slender, third a

little longer and stouter than fourth; rostrum indistinctly

seen in carded specimens; pronotum about as long as half

the width at base, the basal latcral angles subprominent, the

lateral margins a little concavely sinuate ; scutellum trian-

gular, about as long as broad at base; femora somewhat

strongly incrassate.

Allied to Taneredus, Dist.

Nemesianus nigroruber, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum dull dark sanguineous, eyes

and basal area of pronotum piceous or black ; antennz with

the first joint testaceous, its apex narrowly black, second joint

pale testaceous, with nearly its apical half black, third and

fourth joints black, their extreme bases paler ; corium piceous,

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 163

cuneus testaceous, membrane piceous; femora testaceous,

tibiee and tarsi ochr aceous, apices of tarsi black ; structural

characters as in generic diagnosis,

Long. 4 mm.

jenn Central Districts.

Calocoris montaguet, sp. nN.

gue,

Dull dark brownish ochraceous, head, anterior and lateral

areas of pronotum, lateral margin of corium, and the cuneus

pale ochraceous, a subbasal sp: staid apex of lateral margins

: corium dark brownish ochraceous ; legs ochraceous, poste-

rior femora castaneous, their bases ochraceous ; body beneath

—imperfectly seen in carded specimens—testaceous brown ;

antenne pale ochraceous, apex of second joint black, third

and fourth joints more or less fuscous, basal joint stoutest,

about as long as head, second joint about or a little more than

twice as long as first; tibie setose, posterior femora somewhat

strongly thickened ; eyes black.

Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Central Districts, Upper Houadou R.

Calocoris nigristiymaticus, sp. 0.

Stramineous ; first joint of antenna (excluding apex and

base and apex of second joint), eyes, apices of scutellum and

clavus, basal and apical spots to cuneus, extreme base of

posterior tarsi, and apices of all the tarsi black ; membrane

greyish white; first joint of antenna stoutest, about as long

as head, second joint longest ; femora moderately incrassated.

Long. 4 mm.

Hab, Central Districts.

Caulocoris aragonus, sp. n.

Pale stramineous; eyes and lateral margins of scutellum

dark testaceous, inner claval margins, a spot near claval apices,

and a central linear fascia to membrane bright sanguineous ;

apex of second antennal joint black, first joint about as long

as head, second joint three times as long as first; femora

moderately incrassated,

Long. 4 mm.

Hab. Mt. St. Arago.

pA B

164 On Rhynchota from New Caledonia.

GUNADHYA, gen. nov.

First joint of the antennee considerably longer than the

head, second joint slightly shorter than first and a little more

than subequal in length to third joint ; pronotum almost

twice as broad at base as long and about three times the

breadth of anterior margin ; scutellum broad and subglobose ;

corium broad, the lateral margins rounded, ampliate and

recurved, cuneus large and ample; the posterior tarsi with

the apical joint longest.

Allied to Pucorus, Dist., from British India, but with the

corium shorter and broader, the lateral margins much more

convex, ampliate, and recurved.

Gunadhya rubrofasetata, sp. n.

Reddish ochraceous, lateral margins of corium more san-

guineous in hue, cuneus very pale stramineous in hue, its

posterlor margin very narrowly pale fuscous; antenne,

rostrum, and legs pale stramineous; body beneath imperfectly

seen in carded type; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate ;

scutellum globose, impunctate ; lateral margins of corium

convex, ampliate, and reeurved, with sanguineous reticulations.

Long. 4 mm.

flab. Upper Houadou R.

Family Pelogonide.

Sabfam., Peroconrz.

Pelogonus marginatus.

Pelogonus marginatus, Latr. (Acanthia) Hist. Ins, xii. p, 242 (1804).

- Hab. Gondé ; Houadou R.

Fam. Notonectide.

Subfam. Noroyxorrv 2.

Enithares bergrothi.

Enithares bergrethi, Montand. Rey. d’Ent. xi. p. 75 (1892).

Hab. Near Dumbea.

On a Whale-barnacle from Antarctic Seas. 165

XX.—A Whale-barnacle of the Genus Xenobalanus from

Antarctic Seas. By W. T. Catan, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AmonG the barnacles that infest the skin of whales Xeno-

balanus globicipitis, Steenstrup, is remarkablein that, although

belonging to the sessile or operculate group of the Cirripedia,

it closely resembles in general appearance the species of the

‘pedunculate genus Conchoderma. It has hitherto been known

only from the North Atlantic, and it seems desirable, there-

fore, to record the fact that the Natural History Museum has

recently received specimens of what appears to be the sama

species from the Antarctic region.

Xenobalanus globicipitis, Steenstrup.

Xenobalanus globicipitis, Steenstrup, Overs. K. danske Vidensk. Selsk.

Forh, 1852, no. 2, p. 158; id. Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Foren. Kjében-

havn, 1851 (1852), p. 62, pl. iii. figs. 11-15 ; Darwin, Balanide, 1854,

p- 440, pl. xvii. figs. 4 a-4.e; (with var. pallidus) Pilsbry, Bull. U.S.

Nat. Mus. xcili. 1916, p. 283, pl. Ixv. figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Locality — South Shetland Islands, 5th March, 1918, from

the tail of a finner-whale. Collected by Mr. A. G. Bennett.

Distribution.—F aroe Islands, between Madeira and Eng-

land, Madeira, Azores (Steenstrup, Darwin) ; New England

(Pilsbry) : on pectoral, dorsal, and tail-fins of Globicephala.

Shetland, on tail of Balenoptera physalus, R. C. Haldane

Coll. (Mus. Brit. and Mus. Zool. Cambridge).

Remarks.—The specimens from the South Shetlands are in

very bad condition, few of them showing more than the basal

star-shaped shell and the empty cuticle of the body-sheath,

Tn one specimen two or three cirri are preserved. Further,

in consequence of having been kept for two years in

formalin, the shell is in all cases exceedingly friable, so that

it falls to pieces almost at a touch. In all characters that

ean be ascertained, except that of size, however, the specimens

agree with the descriptions of X. globicipitis and with the

specimens in the Museum collection. Darwin states that the

largest specimen he had seen was nearly 2 inches long, aad

that its shell measured “from extreme point to point nearly

a quarter of an inch in diameter.” Among the specimens

from the South Shetlands the longest measures 75 mm., and

it is imperfect at the distal end, so that its length may have

166 On Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan.

been considerably greater. The greatest diameter of its shell,

measured obliquely from tip to tip of the “rays,” is 16 mm.

In the published records of the species the only hosts men-

tioned by name are species of Globicephala ; but, as noted

above, there are in the British Museum and in the Museum

of Zoology, Cambridge, specimens taken off Shetland by |

Mr. R. C. Haldane from the tail of a finner-whale (Balenc-

ptera physalus). «Similarly, the specimens now recorded from

the South Shetlands were attached near the margin of the

tail-Aukes of an Antarctic finner, which many authorities

regard as specifically identical with B. physalus.

XXI.—Remains of the Great Auk and Ptarmigan in the

Channel Islands. By C. W. ANbREws, D.Sc., FAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A SMALL collection of fragmentary bones from a cave in

St. Brelade’s Bay, Jersey, was recently sent to me_ by

Professor R. R. Marett, F.S.A., for examination. The

specimens were few and very imperfect, but they included

two interesting additions to the fauna previously recorded

from the locality. The most important is the upper end of a

right humerus of the great auk (Alcea impennis, Linn.) : this

fragment is quite characteristic and unmistakable. ‘l'ie most

southerly locality from which remains of the species had

previously been recorded is, I believe, Co. Waterford, where

they were found in kitehen-middens, and described by R. G.

Ussher in the ‘Irish Naturalist,’ vol. vii., Jan. 1899, p. 1.

Prof. Marett informs me that in a recently opened recess of

the Cavern of Gargas (Hautes Pyrénées) there was found

engraved on the wall the figure of a bird which was supposed

to represent the great auk. IPf this determination turns out

to be correct, it would show that the range ot this bird was at

one time far greater than has hitherto been supposed.

The other interesting specimen from St. Brelade’s Bay is

a left tarsc-metatarsus of the ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus,

Montin, sp.), also new to this locality. Previous collections

include remains of the woolly rhinoceros, reindeer, cave-bear,

and other characteristic Pleistocene animals.

On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 167

XXIT.— On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. .

By E1nar LONNBERG and HIALMAR RENDAHL.

THe R. Nat. Hist. Museum in Stockholm has recently

received from the Swedish missionary, Rev. K. E. Laman,

D.D., a small coliection of freshwater fishes collected in

Lower Congo, partly at Mukimbungu in Belgian Congo and

partly at Kingoyi at the watershed between French and

Belgian Congo. ‘This collection- does not contain more than

twenty different species, but it proved at a closer examination

to be quite valuable, because not less than six of these species

appear to be new. A rather unexpected discovery was also

the find of a member of the Hast-African genus Discognathus

in Lower Congo.

Mormyrops deliciosus, Leach.

Native name “ Mbono.”

Locality. Congo River, Mukimbuneu.

One specimen, about 60 em. in total length.

Labeo longipinnis, Bley.

Native name ‘*‘ Lombuka.”

Locality. Congo River, Mukimbuneu.

y. Cong : gu.

One specimen, measuring about 22 em. in total length.

pee cae 8 Sues,

This specimen agrees on the whole quite well with

Boulenger’s description. ‘he pectoral is, however, not quite

g p : 3 ,

as long as the head, and it does not reach the ventral. The

length of the head is not contained fully four times in the

length of head and body.

Labeo nasus, Blgr.

Native name “ Mbemba.”’

Locality. Kwilu River, Mukimbungu.

One specimen, 46°5 cm. in total length.

This specimen differs from Boulenger’s description in the

following points :—The head is large, so that its length is not

contained more than 3? times in total length, and the depth

of the body is only contained 33 times in the same. It is

possible that these differences are due to the much larger size

of our specimen than those examined by Boulenger (19 cm.).

168 Messrs. E. Linnberg and H. Rendahl on

With full certainty the relative smallness of the eye can be

counted as due to this fact; its length is contained ten times

im the length of head and four times in the interorbital

width.

Polypterus congicus, Blgr.

Native name ‘‘ Nkungi angandu.”

Locality. Congo River, Mukimbungu.

One specimen, 74 cm. in total length (candal incl.).

Microthrissa eupleura, sp. n.

Locality. Lower Congo.

Four specimens, the longest about 5 em.

Depth of body about 4 times in total length (s. ¢.), head a

little more than 4 times in the same. Snout a little shorter

than eye. Eye fully 3 times in head. Lower jaw very

slightly projecting. The number of scales in lateral line

probably only about 30. Ventral scutes 11 in front of ventrals,

10 between veatrals and anal; these scutes extend high up on

the sides so as to cover more than 2 of the space between the

ventral keel and the lateral line. Pectoral about ? length of

head, not reaching ventral. Origin of dorsal about midway

between snoutand base of caudal. Dorsal rays 11 in number.

Distance from snout to vent about twice as long as distance

between vent and base of caudal. Ventrals in advance of

origin of dorsal. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep.

Unfortunately the glass in which these specimens were

preserved had been breken, so that the specimens arrived in

a completely dry state. In-consequence of this we had from

the beginning not intended to do anything with them. As

an examination, however, revealed that the number of ventral

scutes in all the specimens received constantly differed from

that of the two species of J/erothrissa hitherto described, and

that our specimens thus most easily could be recognized by

that characteristic, we were compelled to take up the matter

for further consideration. We took also the liberty of sending

one of the specimens to Dr. Boulenger, who most kindly con-

firmed our view that it represented an undescribed species of

Microthrissa. Weare convinced that the above diagnosis

will be sufficient for distinguishing the present new species,

but the condition of the specimens accounts for the short-

comings of the description.

some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 169

Barbus lamani, sp. n.

Native name ‘ Nlulu.”

Locality. Mukimbunegu.

One specimen, 10-2 cm. in total length.

Depth of body 3? times in total length ; length of head 3}

times. Snout blunt, a little longer than eye. Upper margin

of eye about touching the upper profile-line of the forehead.

Hye 4 times in length of head; interorbital width 34 times

in length of head. Mouth almost terminal. Two barbels on

each side, about equal in length, and about 14 times diameter

of eye. Dorsal III 7, a little nearer occiput than caudal,

border slightly concave; last simple ray flexible, not en-

larged, not serrated, not quite 14 times in the length of head.

Anal IIT5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral not quite 14 times

in the length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter

below anterior base of dorsal. Caudal pedunele fully 1}

times as long as deep. Scales with few radiating canals ;

26 d, 3 between lateral line and ventral, 11 round caudal

peduncle. There appears to have been a Jongitudinal blackish

shading along the lateral line, as well on the anterior part of

the body as on the caudal peduncle. A small roundish black

spot at the base of the caudal.

The general colour in alcohol is rather olive, most of the

scales with a dark spot at the base.

This Barbus belongs evidently to the same group as

B. camptacanthus, Bleek., with which it agrees in most

respects. It differs, however, by the shape of its snout, the

situation of the eye, the much smaller interorbital width, etc.

Barbus camptacanthus, Bleek.

Native name “ Nionzi.”

Locality. Kingoyi, Lower Congo.

Five specimens.

Discognathus occidentalis, Sp...

Native name ‘ Mululu.”’

Locality. At the watershed between Freich and Belgian

Congo, Kingoyi.

‘Three specimens, length of the largest one 57 mm.

Body feebly compressed, its depth 54 times in total length.

Head moderately depressed, a little broader than deep, a

little more than 1} times as long as broad, its length about 4

170 Messrs. E. Lonnberg and H. Rendahl on

times in total length (s.c.). Snout rounded, strongly pro-

jecting beyond mouth. Interorbital region flat ; its width is

contained about 21 times in length of head. Hye supero-

lateral, in middle of length of head, its diameter about 5 times

in length of head, a little more than twice in interorbital

width. Width of mouth (with lips) a little less than $

length of head. Upper lip well developed (but much narrower

than in D. blanfordi), teebly crenulated, Lower lip sur-

rounding a mental dise which is about as broad as long.

T'wo barbels on each side measuring about % diameter of eye.

Dorsal III 7, equally distant from eye and from. caudal,

longest ray shorter than head. Anal II 4. Pectoral as long

as head, not reaching ventral, which originates below the

middle of the dorsal. Caudal emarginated. Lateral line 38,

51 scales between beginning of dorsal and lateral line.

Caudal peduncle about 14 times as long as deep, 15 scales

round the same.

When first examining these specimens we were struck by

the great resemblance to D. blanfordi, Blgr. Dr. Boulenger,

to whom we took the liberty of sending a specimen for com-

parison, agreed with us in finding it similar to the species

mentioned, but pointed out that the upper lip of our form is

more feebly developed than in D. blanfordi, in which respect

it resembles D. johnstonii, Blgr. he latter has, however,

the eye situated in the second half of the eye, ete.

This species differs very plainly from D. ornatus, Nichols

and Griscom*, recently described from Stanleyville, by

being less compressed and by the supero-lateral situation of

the eye, which also is comparatively smaller, and by the not

banded caudal. |

Clarias lazera, Cuv. Val.

Native name “ Mpudi.”

Locality. From a lake at Mukimbungu in Lower Congo.

Two specimens.

Clarias ngola, sp. 0.

Native name “ Ngola.”

Locality. Kingoyi, Lower Congo.

One specimen, 18 em. in total length.

Depth of body § times in total length, length of head about

41} times. Head 1} times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital

* Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxxvii. 1917, p. 696,

some Ireshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 171

process triangular ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, its Jength

contained about 3} times in length of head ; occipital fonta-

nelle about half the size of the frontal one, extending well

into the occipital process. Hye very small, about 5 times in

length of snout and about 64 times in interorbital width,

which nearly equals 3 length of head. Band of preemaxillary

Vig. 1.

Ilead of Clarias ngola, nat. size.

teeth about 6 times as long as broad. Vomerine teetl:

eranular, forming a curved band about as broad as the pree-

maxillary band. Nasal barbel about ? length of head,

Maxillary barbel 14 the length of head. Dorsal about 75, its

distance from occipital process nearly 3 length of head, its

distance from caudal not quite as large as diameter of eye.

Anal about 60, equally distant from caudal. Pectoral some-

what longer than half the length of the head, the spine

feebly serrated on outer side. Ventral 12 as distant irom

base of caudal as from end of snout. Colour in spirit

uniformly brown.

Channalabes apus, Giinth.

pus,

Native name ‘ Ntondia.”

Locality. Mukimbungu.

Three specimens.

Amphilius lamani, sp. n.

Native name “ Kikweta.”

Locality. Kingoyi, Lower Congo.

Two specimens, total length of the type 96 mm.

Depth of body 9 times in total length, length of head 34

times. Head much depressed, a little longer than broad ;

172 | Messrs. E. Lénnberg and H. Rendahl on

snout broadly rounded, its length being contained about 2} in

the length of the head. Hye very small, about 17 times in

length of head, about 4 times in interorbital width. Posterior

nostril a little nearer to anterior border of eye than end of

snout. Maxillary barbel not quite as long as head, reaching

somewhat beyond the root of pectoral. Outer mandibular

barbel 2 length of head; inner mandibular barbel nearly 4.

Gill-rakers 5 or 6 on lower part of anterior arch, moderately

long. Dorsal I 6, nearer end of snout than root of caudal,

situated just in advance of the root of ventrals. Adipose

dorsal low, not quite twice as long as rayed dorsal. Anal II 5.

Head of Amphilius lamant, enlarged.

Pectoral 2 length of head. Ventral about as long as pectoral,

situated entirely but not much behind dorsal. Caudal tran-

cate. Caudal peduncle, if counted from last ray of anal, # as

deep as long. Colour in spirit uniformly brown, the dark

pigment extending over the greater part of the caudal as well.

In its general shape, with its broad head and deep caudal

peduncle, this new species to a certain degree resembles the

Kast-African members of the genus, but its dorsal is not so

far advanced as in them. With the recently described

Amphilius notatus, Nichols and Griscom*, from Faradje our

* Loc, cit p. 110.

some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 173

species has no likeness whatever, as the shape of the head

and the caudal peduncle, the size of the eye, and the adipose

fin are completely different.

Synodontis acanthomias, Blgr.

Native name “ Nkoko.”

Locality. Mukimbungu, in a lake.

One specimen.

Synodontis caudalis, Blgr.

Native name * Ntanta.”’

Locality. Mukimbungu.

Two specimens.

The present specimens differ from Boulenger’s description

in having the outer mandibular barbel of the same length as

the head and the occipital nuchal shield rugose. With regard

to the colour, one of the specimens has the fins beautifully

marked with roundish dark spots serially arranged. The

body is more or less marbled. In the other specimen the fins

do not display any similar pattern, except very feebly on the

dorsal.

Synodontis ovidius, sp. n.

Native name “ Nsinzi.”’

Locality. Mukimbungu.

One specimen, 31 em. in total length (caudal included).

A Synodontis related in some degree to S. longirostris,

Blgr., and S. dabeo, Gthr., but quite different from both.

Depth of body 44 times in total length, head 23. Head

about 14 times as long as broad, rugose above from between

the eyes and backwards. Snout 24 as long as postocular part

of head, terminating in a globular swelling, which is con-

tinued nearly to the base of the maxillary barbel. Hye

supero-lateral, 9 times. in length of head, 2} times in inter-

orbital width. Lips very strongly developed, beset with

numerous papille. Along the upper lip a continuous row of

much enlarged papille is especially striking. Chin swollen,

forming a thick pad. Preemaxillary teeth arranged in two

rows, about 13 in the interior and about 7 in the exterior.

‘These rows are rather close together, but there is an inter-

space between the single teeth. The movable mandibular

teeth appear at the first look to be 16 in number, rather long,

about 4 the diameter of the eye, but a closer examination

reveals some more between and behind the others, so that the

174 Messrs. E. Lonnberg and H. Rendahl on

total number amounts to about 25. Maxillary barbel mar-

gined and somewhat crenulated, $ the length of the head,

Mandibular barbels branched, the outer 2 length of head, the

inner 4. Gill-opening not extending beyond the root of the

Fig. 5.

Lower side of head of Synodontis ovrdius, nat. size.

pectoral. Occipital nuchal shield rugose and_ granular,

Jonger than broad, with rather pointed posterior processes.

Humeral process coarsely granular, about twice as long as

broad, bluntly pointed, but with convex upper and lower

some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo. 175

margins, not extending quite as far back as occipital nuchal

pragess. Dorsal 16. Dorsal spine a little more than 4 the

length of the head, striated in front and on the sides, minutely

denticulated behind. Base of adipose dorsal not quite twice

as long as its distance from rayed dorsal, the base of which is

1} the distance between both dorsals. Anal III 8. Pectoral

spine longer than dorsal spine, serrated behind. Ventrals

nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply forked (both lobes are

truncated, and appear to have been bitten off during life and

healed). Caudal peduncle (from adipose fin) a little longer

than deep. Colour in spirit brownish olive, with numerous

roundish dark spots on head and body as well ason fins, The

spots on the sides of the body are about 10 mm. in diameter,

those on the head and the fins only about half that size or

less,

Phractura bovet, Perugia.

Native name “ Ntiki-ntiki.”

Locality. Lower Congo.

Two specimens,

Belonoglanis nudipectus, sp. 1.

Native name ‘* Ntiki-ntiki.”

Locality. Lower Congo.

One specimen, 110 mm. in total length (s. ¢ ).

Depth of body about 133 times in total length, length of

head 81 times. Head much depressed, 1} times as long as

broad, rugose above ; the A-shaped ridge on the snout not so

much pronounced as in BL, tenwis, and its branches divide

further backwards than in the species mentioned (cfr. fig.),

about on the level with the posterior nostrils. Occipital

process trilobate, but the lateral branches more slender and

more diverging from the mesial line than in B. tenuis

(cfr. fig.). Snout pointed, a little less than 2 length of head,

strongly projecting beyond mouth. Hye 7} times in length

of head, 24 times in interorbital width. No rounded rugose

process on coracoid below base of pectoral. First dorsal I 7,

first ray longer than head. Anal 8. Pectoral a little longer

than head, not reaching ventral; the latter widely separated

from anal. Caudal about half the length of head, rather

deeply cleft. Caudal peduncle very thin and depressed,

2 total length. The azygous plate in front of the dorsal fin

is broader behind than in front (cfr. fig.), unlike the condition

in B. tenuis, Blgr., in which it appears to be broader in front

than behind. From the origin of the dorsal 22 pairs of dorsal

176 - On some Freshwater Fishes from Lower Congo.

scutes are well defined and may easily be counted, but from

the middle of the caudal peduncle and backwards the sutures

of the scutes are completely coalesced ; 6 large scutes on each

side of body between pectoral and ventral; behind the

Anterior part of Belonoglanis nudipectus, nat. size.

ventrals 15 pairs of well-defined scutes on the lower side of

the tail; the following are completely coalesced as well with

each other as with the dorsal ones, thus completely encasing

the tail. Pale brownish, no blackish marks to be seen.

Malapterurus electricus, Gmel.

Native name “ Cuda.”

Locality. Mukimbungu, Congo River.

One specimen.

Pelmatochromis lateralis, Blgv..

Native name “ Kiala.”

Locality. Mukimbungu, Congo River.

One specimen.

Anabas i anus, Gthr.

Native name “ Kimpete.”

Locality. Kingoyi.

‘Three specimens.

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No. 32, AUGUST 1920), J [320

XXITI.—Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of

Hapalochrus, Er., with an Account of their accessory

3 -characters | Coleoptera|. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S.

[Plate VIII.*]

’

Tuts paper contains notes on all the Africanand Asiatic species

of the Melyrid-genus Hapalochrus represented in the British

Museum in London and in the Congo Museum at Tervueren,

supplemented by a few others lent me by Dr. Sjéstedt (in-

cluding types of Bourgeois), Dr. Gestro, Dr. Péringuey, and

Prof. Poulton. The material from the Belgian Congo, kindly

communicated by M. Schouteden, consists of upwards of

3000 examples (including various types of Pic and specimens

named by him), and that belonging to the British Museum

(including types of Murray and Gorham) is from various

parts of Africa—mainly from the vicinity of the Great

Lakes and Uganda, collected by Dr. Neave, and a very

interesting paired series of numerous species obtained by

the late H. C. Dollman in N. Rhodesia,—India, the Malayan

Region, and Arabia.

The identification of some of the named Hapatlochri from

description alone has proved to be impossible in many cases

when the @ only was known to the author, or when the

* (The Plate will be published with the concluding part of the article. ]

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 12

178 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

dg -characters were so briefly noted that they would apply

equally well to several distinct species *. In consequence of

this, several forms are here treated as new which may have

to be sunk as synonyms when types can be compared. The

2 2, moreover, are frequently indistinguishable inter se

(as in certain Malachius, Henicopus, &c.) in the absence of

a@ & from the same localities. The accessory ¢-characters

in the antenne, legs, &c., however, are so well marked that

there is not very much difficulty in distinguishing the species

when examples of that sex are available for examination.

The following external marks of distinction have been

observed in the males: (1) antennse—flabellate, pectinate,

serrate, or subfiliform ; (2) head—usually asin ?, rarely

excavate (H. clavicornis) or with the epistoma tumid and

flavescent (H. abyssinicus, &c.); (8) anterior trochanters

(described as coxe by Pic)—toothed, or simple as in ? ; (4)

anterior femora—usually simple as in ¢, rarely toothed at

the middle or base; (5) anterior tibie—lobed, dilated, or

angulate at about the middle, or simply sinuate; (6) anterior

tarsal joint 2—usually produced above over the base or more

of joint 3 (sometimes broadly so and nigro-pectinate at tip,

sometimes narrowly and claw-like), rarely simple as in ¢ T;

(7) intermediate trochanters—usually simple, rarely (two

Eastern or Indian forms) scaphiform or lobed; (8) inter-

mediate femora—usually simple, sometimes angulate about

the middle, or with a basal or median excavation or fovea

beneath ; (9) intermediate tibie—in some species greatly

inflated, and deeply excavate and lamellate, toothed, or:

penicillate on their inner aspect, in others broadly, subtrian-

gularly dilated, and more or less distinctly appendiculate or

lobed near the inner apical angle, in others again moderately

thickened, sinuate, or simple. In addition to above-men-

tioned characters, the head, antennz, prothorax, or legs are

also sometimes differently coloured in the two sexes, and in

a few species (H. amplipennis, &c.) the wings are reduced

in size or rudimentary in the females, these insects having

inflated elytra. The females of certain African forms

* The Hapalochri named by Pic in his “ Diagnoses préliminaires”

(§L’ change,’ xxvii. p. 123, 1911), and in his “ Malacodermes Africains ”

(Mélanges exot.-entom. xxxi, pp. 10, 11, Oct. 1919), issued “ pour prendre

date,” have no claim for recognition, some of the descriptions being

totally inadequate.

+ Bourgeois included various African forms under this section

(Paratinus), two only of them, H. amplipennis and H. modestus, really

belonging to it, one at least of the others having the second tarsal joint

produced above.

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 179

| Hererotaivs, gen. nov.| referred to Laius, Guér.—L. in-

flaticornis, Fairm. [type], L. bourgeoisi, Gestro, and L. lati-

pennis, violaceipennis, and spinicoxis, Pic—are extremely like

the same sex of various species of the present genus, but they

are separable therefrom by the subequally elongated, narrow,

second and third joints of the antenne, these two joints

being greatly dilated and subconnate, and the anterior tarsi

simple, in the males. Collops velutinus, Gerst., from Zan-

zibar, type 2 (1873), referred to Hapalochrus by Fairmaire

in 1887, must be a true Laius. In the descriptions here

given, the short node at the base of the second antennal

joint is not counted as a true joint, the antenne being

treated as 10-jointed, as in Laius and Collops.

Amongst the African Hapalochri we find groups of species

represented by H. nobilis, sjéstedti, testaceicornis, appendi-

cifer, amplipennis, &c., respectively, with a common, abun-

dant, primitive type of 2, anda series of ¢ ¢ confined to

particular localities with diverse, constant, differential

characters, which, in the present state of our knowledge of

these insects, must be regarded as of specific value.

Key to the African Species *.

3d.

1 (22). Anterior tarsal joint 2 prolonged over 8, the

apical portion sometimes broad and nigro-

pectinate at tip, sometimes narrowed and

claw-like.

2 (3). Anterior tibiee produced at the inner apical

angle into a very long, curved, simple or

asymmetrically bifurcate spine; antennze

flabellate: intermediate tibie greatly

swollen ; prothorax metallic (maculate in ?

of No. 1); elytra maculate or unicolorous.

[Subgen. Hapatocurops, Bourg.] ...... Species 1, 2.

3 (2). Anterior tibie not produced at the inner

apical angle. [Hapatocurvs, Er, s. str. ]

4 (7). Elytra maculate ; intermediate tibie greatly

swollen, penicillate in No. 3.

5 (6). Antenne flabellate or pectinate (intermediate

femora in No. 3 with a large, oval, metallic

area beneath at base) ....02....0eeeeeee Species 3, 4.

6 (5). Antenne serrate ; intermediate femora with- -

OUD LOMCU MEER. ahs setae ahavelereysicie cia e's 0 Ces» Species 5.

7 (4). Elytra not maculate.

8 (9). Anterior femora toothed at middle (Nos. 6-10)

or base (No.11); intermediate tibiz slender ;

SULT POMLIAALGs 2/2 sh.)0d)e gl co'e «scale o!3's ores Species 6-11.

* Males of H. nobilis, cineruscens, caudatus, dollmani, and scabrosus

unknown; H. dollmani (No. 58) omitted from ‘Table.

127

180 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

9 (8). Anterior femora unarmed ; intermediate tibiz

slightly incrassate; antenne pectinate .... Species 12.

10 (18). Intermediate tibie greatly thickened, convex

externally, deeply excavate or sulcate within

(and sometimes sinuously sulcate above),

the upper or lower edge of the excavation

lamellate, dentate, or penicillate: species

large, robust.

11 (12). Epistoma flavescent, tumid (Nos. 13-15) or

fattened" (No; AG)ie.icc oe evistets cleats 2 .. Species 13-16.

12.:(11). Epistoma metallic, (as in7D ) %o) sae oem «= Species 17-21.

13 (10). Intermediate tibize more or less incrassate or

widened, not lamellate or toothed, often

lobed or appendiculate near inner apical

angle.

14 (15). Apical joint of antenne flattened and dilated ;

head excavate; intermediate tibie broad,

angulate externally, appendiculate........ Species 22.

15 (14). Apical joint of antennz undilated.

16 (17). Anterior femora with a small tooth at base ;

anterior trochanters toothed (except in

Nos. 26-28); intermediate femora excavate

at base beneath (except in Nos. 26, 27) ;

intermediate tibiz broad and appendiculate

(except in Nos. 26; 28), va eee. cece Species 23-28.

17 (16). Anterior femora without basal tooth.

18 (21). Intermediate tibize broad, more or less dis-

tinctly appendiculate.

19 (20). Intermediate femora angulate; anterior tro-

chanters toothed (except in No. 29) ...... Species 29-32.

20 (19). Intermediate femora not angulate (anterior

femora penicillate at base in No, 35; an-

terior trochanters toothed in Nos. 33, 38;

intermediate femora foveate at base be-

neath in No. 44; wings abbreviated in 2 9

IN G8r SS OL loeepstt oie ats caps tere enepoatere ete eters Species 33-44.

21 (18). Intermediate tibize narrower, not appendicu-

late; intermediate femora not angulate

(except in Nos. 45, 52, 55); anterior tro-

chanters toothed in Nos. 45, 49, 52, 54.... Species 45-57.

22 (1). Anterior tarsi simple; intermediate tibiz

broad, appendiculate. [Subgen. Para-

TInvS, Ab. |]

23 (24). Anterior trochanters toothed .............. Species 59-62.

24 (23). Anterior trochanters unarmed (wings abbre-

viated in*O OsiNos. Gd-67)' 6 is-d5 ane oben Species 63-67.

1. Hapalochrus sumtuosus.

Apalochrus sumtuosus, Boh. Ins. Caffraria, i. p.458 (¢ 2 ) (1851).

Hapalochrus sumtuosus, Péring. Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soe. vi. 2, p. 46

(1892).

Hapalochrus (Hapalochrops) sumptuosus, Bourg. in Sjéstedt’s Kili-

mandjaro-Meru Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 150, t. 3. fig. 18 (¢)

(1908).

* H. opulentus, Péring., belongs to this section.

a g 8

and Asiatie Species of Hapalochrus. 181

Hapalochrous sumptuosus (3), and vars. (2) nyassensis and sig-

naticollis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. iv. pp. 2, 8 (Sept. 1912).

2. Apalochrus sumptuosus, var. reductus, Pic, op. cit. xxxi. p. 10

(Oct. 1919).

Var.? Apalochrus erichsonti, Roth in Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1851, 1,

p- 120 (5 2).

4Tapalochrus erichsonit, Gestro, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxy. p. 353 (9)

(1895).

3. Antenne long, flabellate from joint 4 onward; anterior

femora stout; anterior tibize rapidly widening outward,

slightly sinuate within, the inner apical angle produced into a

long, curved, pointed spine, which extends outward beneath

the first tarsal joint ; anterior tarsal joint 1 elongate, stout,

compressed, ciliate externally, 2 much shorter, broadly oval,

convex above, concave beneath, extending over joint 3

to its apex, nigro-pectinate at the tip (Pl. VIII. fig. 7);

intermediate femora stout, feebly curved ; intermediate tibiz

(Pl. VIII. fig 75) slender atthe base, enormously dilated,

curved, and convex towards the apex above, deeply exca-

vate and pilose towards the apex within and beneath.

6. Var. 1. Anterior tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 7) shorter

and more swollen at the apex, the inner apical angle produced

into a long, curved spine (as in the type of H. sumtuosus), the

outer apical angle also produced into a short, curved,

downwardly-directed tooth.

6. Var.2. Anterior tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 7a) with the

inner apical angle produced into a rather broad, compressed,

curved lobe, which extends outward beneath the first tarsal

joint and bears a long inwardly-curved hook towards the

apex externally (the lobe thus appearing asymmetrically

bifurcate at the tip).

Var. 2. Elytra entirely fulvous.

Hab. KH. Arnica, Caffraria (types of Boheman: 3 2),

Transvaal and Ovampoland (sec. Péringuey), Mashonaland

(H. B. Dobble), Waterburg (W. L. Distant), Salisbury

(G. A. K. Marshall: & vars. 1, 2, 2), Mwengwa in N.W.

Rhodesia (H. C, Dollman), Chiromo in Nyasaland (R. C.

Wood), Nyasaland S.W. of Lake Chilwa (S. A. Neave),

Mkomasi, Tanganyika Territory (4. Loveridge, in Mus.

Oxon.: 3), Lake Ngami (Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.), Kili-

mandjaro (Dr. Sjéstedt), Arussi Galla in Abyssinia ( Bottego,

in Mus. Genoa: 2), Hritrea (sec. Bourgeois).

A common insect in E. Africa, but not extending into the

Congo Region. The anterior tibie of the ¢ exhibit three

variations in the development of the very long curved

apical spur, this being spiniform in the males described by

182 Mr. G. C. Champion on various Afriean

Boheman and Bourgeois, and in one of those from Salisbury,

and another from. Mkomasi before me, and broader and

asymmetrically bifurcate in the 28 other males seen from

Rhodesia, Lake Ngami, and Nyasaland. Some of the

Salisbury examples (¢ 2) have the metallic patches of the

elytra longitudinally confluent, and in two females from

the same locality the markings are altogether wanting.

H. erichsoni, Roth, from Abyssinia, a ? of which determined

by Dr. Gestro is before me, is probably synonymous with

H, sumtuosus.

2. Hapalochrus deformipes.

Hupalochrus (Hapalochrops) deformipes, Bourg. in Sjéstedt’s Kili-

mandjaro-Meru Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 182, t. 3. fig. 14 (¢)

(1910).

d. Characters as in typical H. sumtuosus, Boh.: the

inner apical angle of the anterior tibize produced into a long,

curved, outwardly-directed spine as in the males described

by Boheman and Bourgeois.

Hab. KE. Arxica, Banks of the River Ngare na nyuki,

Meru (Dr. Sjéstedt) ; Eritrea (coll. Bourgeois).

This insect, the unique type ( ¢ ) of which has been kindly

forwarded for examination by Dr. Sjéstedt, is probably, as

suggested by Bourgeois, a form of H. swmtuosus with the

upper surface uniformly metallic. The ¢-characters are

precisely similar. The ? with a metallic prothorax, from

Amara, Eritrea, provisionally referred by the same author

to H. sumtuosus (p. 182, nota), affords a connecting-link

between the two forms, if it really belongs to this group ?

3. Hapalochrus longior.

3. Hapalochrous longior, Pic, Le Naturaliste, xxy. p. 81 (1903) ;

Mélanges exot.-entom. iv. p. 2 (Sept. 1912).

g. Epistoma testaceous, the oblique lateral portions almost

smooth and somewhat tumid ; antennze long, feebly serrate ;

anterior tibiz excavate towards the apex within, the apical

portion somewhat thickened ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2

thickened, subequal in length, 2 with a black comb at the

tip ; intermediate femora (Pl. VIII. fig. 9a) with a large,

oval, depressed, metallic area at the base beneath ; inter-

mediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. figs. 9, 9a) enormously thickened,

rounded and convex externally, deeply excavate beneath, and

abruptly emarginate before the apex within, the emargination

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 183

preceded by a long, matted, dentiform tuft of curled fulvous

hairs and followed by a smaller tuft of similar hairs, these

tufts arising from the cavernous lower surface.

Var. The testaceous lateral markings on the elytra extend-

ing inwards and forming an angulate median fascia, the

subapical green fascia sometimes reduced to an irregular

oblique green patch on the disc of each elytron.—

?=H. jansoni, Pic, 2 (1912).

Hab. W. Arrica, Benguela, Congo, Gaboon (Pic), Agoué,

Benin (40bé Menager), Angola, Whydah (Mus. Brit.), Lagos

in S. Nigeria (J. A. de Gaye), Cotonou in Dahomey, 70 miles

W. of Lagos (W. A. Lamborn: v., vi. 1914: 8 2: Mus. Brit.,

Mus. Oxon.), Tamsoo, Gold Coast (Mus. Brit.: 3); Lam-

barene, French Congo (Z, Fea: xi.,xi.1902: ¢ 9: Mus.

Genoa); Boma, Sassa, Tolo, Kala, Kundi, Lukolela,

Kwamouth, Bas-Kasai, Coquilhatville, &c., Belgian Congo

(Mus. Congo Belge: 3, and vars.).

Numerous examples of this species are before me, including

sixteen males, mostly belonging to the Congo, Genoa, or

Oxford Musenms: the variety (?= AH. jansoni, Pic, type 2 )

is represented by a ? from Dahomey and a ¢ from the

Congo. The only ¢-character noted by Pic is the “‘ simple

antenne.”’ The testaceous anterior portion of the head is

of course peculiar to that sex, the ? having the head

entirely metallic.

4. Hapalochrus nobilis.

9. Apalochrus nobilis, Ky. Archiv fiir Naturg. 1843, 1, p. 226.

Hapalochrous nobilis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. iv. (Sept. 1912).

Hab. W. Arnica, Angola (type of Erichson), Onitsha in

S. Nigeria (J. A. de Gaye: vii.1910: 9).

A @? from Nigeria in the British Museum agrees with the

description of A. nodilis, except in having the antenne,

femora, and tarsi darker, a character of no importance in the

present genus. This insect is extremely like H. longior, Pic,

-and has the elytra marked as in one of the forms of that

species—metallic bluish-green, with a triangular patch at

the middle of the sides and another at, the apex testaceous ;

from which it is separable by the broader and more robust

build, and the rugosely punctured sides of the prothorax.

The ¢-characters may prove to be dissimilar from those of

the allied H. longior, an insect also occurring in Angola.

184 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

5. Hapalochrus festiwus.

2. Apalochrus festivus, Ey. Entomographien, p. 52 (1840).

Hapalochrous festivus, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. iy. p. 3 (Sept. 1912).

6. Antenne simply serrate, long ; anterior tibiz excavate

towards the apex within, the apical portion thickened ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 stout, equal in length, 2 with a

black comb at the apex; intermediate femora simple; inter-

mediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 3) strongly incrassate, convex

above, concave beneath, broadly, arcuately dilated towards

the apex within, and then very deeply excavate between this

and the tip; antenne and legs testaceous, the apices of the

former, and the tarsi in part, slightly infuscate, the posterior

femora black or metallic at the apex.

Hab. W.Arrica, Senegal (Mus. Brit.: 3), Gaboon (Alus.

Oxzon.: o).

The ¢ of this species (if correctly named in the British

Museum) is apparently undescribed, the ¢ type from

Senegal having darker legs, as is often the case in the pre-

sent genus. An elongate insect, with the head and prothorax

metallic green, and the elytra testaceous, with a large patch

on the disc below the base, and a common broad subapical

fascia, green.

Pic (Mélanges exot.-entom. xxx. p. 11, 1919) includes

H. festivus, Er., and its allies in a new subgenus, Cladapa-

lochrus ; but he has presumably incorrectly identified the g

of H. festivus, which has simply serrate (not flabellate)

antennee in that sex, as in H. longior.

H. senegalensis, Pic (type &, with flabellate antenne,

1912), and H. viridipes, Pic (type ?, 1912), from W. Africa,

and H. degeorgisi, Pic (type ?, 1914), from the Congo, are

maculate forms that do not seem to be represented in the

collections before me.

6. Hapalochrus sjéstedti.

Hapalochrus sjostedti, Bourg. in Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro - Meru

Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 132, t. 3. fig. 15 (¢) (1908) (nee Apalo-

chrus sjéstedti, var. diversipes, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. xxxi.

p. 10, Oct. 1919).

Var. Hapalochrous sintplicipes, Pic, Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. liii. p. 193

(g) (1909).

3. Moderately elongate, shining, somewhat thickly

clothed with fine, semi-erect, whitish hairs ; ceruleous,

bluish-green, or violaceous, the antennz black, with the two

basal joints entirely or in part testaceous ; the anterior and

intermediate legs wholly or in part (usually black along their

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 185

outer aspect), and sometimes the posterior tarsi also,

testaceous, the rest of the legs metallic or black, the abdo-

men almost entirely reddish or testaceous. Head broad,

closely punctulate, smoother at the base; antennz long,

stout, pectinate from the fourth joint onward. Prothorax

transverse, subtrapezoidal as seen from above, at the base as

wide as the elytra, sparsely punctulate, smooth on the middle

of the disc. Elytra widened posteriorly, densely, rather

finely, rugulosely punctate, the puncturing a little coarser

in specimens from Kilimandjaro and Kenya. Anterior

femora incrassate, toothed at the middle; anterior tibie

simply excavate towards the apex within (thus appearing

strongly sinuate), without projecting lobe at the middle ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 projecting over 3,

nigro-pectinate at tip ; intermediate tibize simple.

?. Antenne short, rather stout, serrate; legs, and abdo-

men in part, metallic or black, the anterior femora without

tooth and sometimes testaceous.

Length 43-6, breadth 2-3; mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. anp W. Crnrrat Arrica, Kilimandjaro and

Meru (Dr. Sjostedt : types of H. sjéstedti: gS 2), S. foot of

Mt. Elgon and S.E. slopes of Kenya, alt. 5100-7000 ft.,

Koki Country, S.W. Buddu, Banks of Nile near Kakindu,

Bugoma Forest in Unyoro, Upper Kuja Valley in S. Kavi-

rondo, and E. Busoga in Uganda (S. 4. Neave), Tero Forest

in Uganda (C. C. Gowdey) ; Brician Coneo (type of

Hi. simplicipes: 8), Vivi, Léopoldville, Congo da Lemba,

Amadi, Itoka, and between Beni and Lesse (Mus. Congo

Belge), Congo (coll. Bourgeois); W. Arrica, Ibadan in

S. Nigeria (A. W. J. Pomeroy), Ashanti District (4. E.

Evans).

The above description was drawn up from a short series

in the British Museum before the types (3) of Bourgeois

and Pic had been forwarded to me by Dr. Sjéstedt and

M. Schouteden for comparison : H. sjdstedti has the elytra

a little more coarsely punctured than H. simplicipes, but no

other difference can be detected. There are about thirty

specimens of H. simplicipes, Pic (including the type), in the

Congo Museum, the sexes in about equal numbers. The

females are separable from those of various similarly

coloured Hapalochri hy the basally widened prothorax.

7. Hapaiochrus trapeziderus, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, shining, albo-pilose ; green or

brassy green, the antennz and legs black or metallic, the

186 © Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

basal joint of the antenne beneath, the anterior and inter-

mediate femora in part, and the anterior tibiz on their

inner aspect, testaceous, the abdomen in great part red.

Head broad, closely punctulate; antenne long, stout,

pectinate from the third joint onward. Prothorax broad,

as wide as the elytra at the base, subtrapezoidal as seen from

above, sparsely punctulate, smooth and canaliculate on the

middle of the disc. Elytra widened posteriorly, densely,

rugosely punctate; the apices almost smooth, dehiscent,

compressed and angulate at some distance from the sutural

angle (? abnormally formed). Anterior femora incrassate,

toothed at the middle beneath; anterior and intermediate

tibia strongly sinuate, the latter deeply excavate near the

apex within ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, sub-

equal in length.

@. Antenne rather short, not very stout, feebly serrate,

their jomts 1-3, and the anterior and intermediate femora

to near the apex, testaceous ; abdomen red ; anterior femora

without tooth.

Length 43-64, breadth 24-3} mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. BE. Arrica, Njoro (R. H. Deakin: 3: vi. 1914),

Ruirw (2-0) Anderson=49: x1 VON):

One pair, the ¢, type, labeiled as having been found in

the cocoon of a “bagworm” (Psychid moth), the 9 much

smaller, the two sexes with similarly-coloured legs. Separ-

able from H. sjdstedti by the apically emarginate intermediate

tibize and the darker legs of the male, and the partly testa-

ceous anterior and intermediate femora of the female, the

male relatively broader.

8. Hapalochrus simon.

? Hapalochrus simoni, Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. v. p. 6 (¢) (March

1913).

3. Moderately elongate, convex, shining, somewhat

thickly clothed with fine, whitish, semi-erect hairs; ceeruleous,

the antenne (the slightly imfuscate apical jomts excepted),

palpi, labrum, and legs testaceous, the abdomen rufo-

testaceous. Head broad, closely punctate ; antennz mode-

rately long, stout, pectinate from the fourth joint onward.

Prothorax transverse, convex, laterally compressed, subtrape-

zoidal (as seen from above), sparsely punctate, impressed

before the base. Elytra very little broader than the pro-

thorax, widened posteriorly, densely, rugulosely, rather finely

punctate. Anterior femora (Pl. VIII. fig. 1) incrassate,

toothed at the middle beneath; anterior tibize (PI. VIII.

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 187

fig. 1) twisted and dilated obliquely into a short, stout,

convex lobe at about the middle above, the lobe concave

beneath, the outer portion of the tibia narrow and com-

pressed ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, subequal

in length, 2 projecting over 3 and nigro-pectinate at the tip ;

intermediate tibize rather slender, slightly sinuate within.

Length 44, breadth 24 mm.

Hab. W. Arnica, Gold Coast (4. EH. Evans), Quingua

(ii. Simon, type of Pic).

A ¢ from the Gold Coast, received by the British Museum

in 1913, is apparently referable to H. stmoni. A bright blue,

rather convex, albo-pilose insect, with the antennz, legs, and

abdomen testaceous, the antenne pectinate, the anterior

femora toothed and incrassate, the anterior tibie twisted

and shortly, obliquely lobed at the middle, the intermediate

tibiz slender and sinuate within. A much larger 9

(length 64, breadth 8} mm.), from Sierra Leone, in the

same collection, may belong to the present species: it has

however, the antennz (except the basal jomt beneath) and

legs black, and the head and the sides of the prothorax more

densely punctured. The 3g is separable from that of

H. sjéstedti (simplicipes, Pic) by the testaceous legs and

antenne, the mesially dilated anterior tibiz, and the more

convex body. A. pectinatus, Pic (1911), type g, from

Shirati, is an allied form with pectinate antenne in 2.

The locality ‘“‘Quingua” cannot be traced’ on any map

available to myself.

9. Hapalochrus lobipes, sp. n.

d. Extremely like H. sjdstedti, Bourg., var. simplicipes,

Pic, and similarly coloured—green, with the anterior and

intermediate legs, the antenne in part, and the abdomen

testaceous ; the anterior tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 6) strongly

bifurcate at the middle, the outer lobe long, broad, rounded

at the tip, the inner compressed distal portion of the tibia

narrow ; the anterior femora (Pl. VIII. fig. 6) toothed at the

middle ; the elytral puncturing rather fine.

Length 53, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. W. Cunrrau Arrica, Tolo, Belgian Congo (Dr. J.

Mues, in Mus. Congo Belge: xii. 1913).

Onemale. The lobe of the antericr tibiz is more developed

in this insect than in any other Hapalochrus before me,

H. simoni forming a sort of counccting-link between H. sim-

plicipes and H. lobipes. A distinctive name is therefore

required for the specimen from Tolo.

188 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

10. Hapalochrus dasytiformis, sp. n.

3d. Moderately elongate, narrow, parallel-sided, shining,

clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed with long, soft,

erect, pallid hairs ; nigro-zneous or black, the basal joints

of the antennz beneath, the mandibles (except at the tip),

tibie, and tarsi (their apices excepted) testaceous. Head

broad, sparsely punctured; antennze moderately long, strongly

pectinate. Prothorax strongly transverse, convex, about

as broad as the base of the elytra, rounded at the sides,

very sparsely punctate, foveate or sulcate in the middle

posteriorly. Elytra closely, finely punctate, depressed along

the suture anteriorly, the interspaces alutaceous and uneven.

Anterior femora (PI. VIII. fig. 2) strongly incrassate, toothed

towards the base ; anterior tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 2) thickened

and rather broad, abruptly, obliquely compressed and

emarginate before the tip; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2

thickened, 2 smaller and much shorter than 1, extending

over.the base of 3, nigro-pectinate at tip ; mtermediate

tibize simple, as in ?.

¢. Antenne shorter and more slender, serrate, black.

Length 33-4, breadth 13-12 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. S.K. Arrica, Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe).

Five males and one female, received by the British

Museum in 1903. A small, narrow, hairy, nigro-zneous

or black form, with testaceous tibie and tarsi, and a broad,

transverse prothorax, the ¢ with flabellate antennee, incras-

sate, toothed anterior femora (as in H. gjéstedti, Bourg.),

thickened and obliquely compressed anterior tibiz, &c.

The ¢ is separable from the same sex of the Rhodesian

H. dolimani (No. 58) by its smaller size, less elongate shape,

shorter prothorax, and more distinctly, less densely punctate

elytra.

11. Hapalochrus atratus, sp. 0.

d. Moderately elongate, narrow, shining, sparsely pubes-

cent and also thickly clothed with long, soft, erect, fuscous

hairs; black, the elytra with a faint cyaneous lustre, the

basal joints of the antenne and the anterior tibie slightly

testaceo-maculate. Head short, bi-impressed anteriorly,

sparsely punctulate ; antenne moderately long, strongly

pectinate from the fourth joint onward. Prothorax trans-

verse, suleate down the middle, sparsely punctate. Elytra

subparallel, depressed along the suture below the base,

closely, finely punctate. Anterior femora (PI. VIII. fig. 5)

armed with a long sharp tooth near the base; anterior

a a ee ee ee

= I i Rl i ee A

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 189

tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 5) strongly sinuate, compressed, dilated

to beyond the middle, the apical portion abruptly, obliquely

narrowed ; anterior tarsal joints ] and 2 slightly thickened,

2 extending over the base of 3; intermediate tibie simple,

asi in 9.

2, Antennz much shorter, not so stout, sharply serrate ;

elytra widened posteriorly ; legs wholly black.

Length 8-44, breadth 1!-2 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. E. Arrtca, Mwengwa [i., 1. 1914] and Kashitu

[i. 1915} in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman).

A long series, the sexes in about equal numbers, all but

one from Mwengwa. A small, narrow, shining black form,

the elytra with a faint bluish lustre, the ¢ with subparallel

elytra, strongly pectinate antennz, sharply toothed anterior

femora, twisted and dilated anterior tibie, and simple

intermediate tibie. In the ¢ of this insect the long tooth

on the front legs arises from near the base of the femora,

not from the trochanter as usual (when present) in the

present genus.

12. Hapalochrus ramulosus, sp. nu.

&. Moderately elongate, narrow, subparallel, shining,

finely pubescent, with long, erect hairs intermixed ; brassy-

cupreous or golden-green, the antennz and femora black,

the basal joints of the former beneath, and the mouth-parts,

tibiz, tarsi in great part, and ventral sutures testaceous.

Head densely, rugosely punctate; antennz long, strongly

pectinate. Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides, closely,

finely punctate on the disc, the lateral portions rugose.

Elytra subparallel, flattened on the disc, densely, finely,

rugosely punctate. Anterior tibiz simple ; anterior tarsal

joints 1 and 2 rather elongate, slightly thickened, 2 pro-

duced above and nigro-pectinate at the tip; intermediate

tibize gradually widened to about the middle and narrowing

thence to the apex.

Var. Posterior tibiz entirely, and the other tibiz at the

apex, black. (¢.)

g. Antenne short, serrate ; elytra widened posteriorly ;

tibiz in their outer half, and the tarsi almost entirely, black.

Length 4-44, breadth 14-14 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab, EH. Arrica, Kafue River, Namwala, N. Rhodesia

(H. C. Doliman: 3 2? : 11. 1913), Nyasa ( Thelwall, in Mus.

Britax Ss

One pair from Rhodesia (types) and a g from Nyasa.

A narrow, brassy-cupreous or golden-green form, with the

190 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

head, the sides of the prothorax, and the elytra rugosely

punctured, the ¢ with pectinate autenne, simple auterior

tibiz, and slightly thickened, partly testaceous intermediate

tibie. The legs, as is often the case in the present genus,

vary in colour, the Nyasa g having the posterior pair

entirely, and the anterior and intermediate tibiz at their

apices (as in the Rhodesian 2), black. The Nyasa specimen

(3 ) was received at the British Museum in.1877. HA. ramu-

losus seems to be allied to H. pectinatus, Pic (1911), types

(3 2) from Shirati, KE. Africa ; but as the latter is described

as bluish-black in colour, and the narrow shape is not

mentioned, the two insects are scarcely likely to be

conspecific.

13. Hapalochrus abyssinicus.

Hapalochrus abyssinicus, Harold, Monatsh. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1878,

Al) :

Hr hacen aes Pic, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. li. p. 885 (1907) (3).

g. Extremely like the same sex of H. elgonensis, but a

little larger and more robust, the head narrower than the

prothorax, the latter relatively broader, the colour still more

variable—golden-green, or in part cyaneous, the elytra rarely

brassy-cupreous, the basal joints of the antenne, the palpi

(except at the tip), and all the tibia and the basal joint of

each tarsus (as well as the epistoma and labrum) wholly

testaceous in nearly all the specimens from N.W. Rhodesia,

the intermediate tibiz always in great part testaceous, the

sides of the abdomen rufescent; the puncturing of the

elytra finer and denser; the epistoma similarly swollen and

almost smooth, but with the oblique lateral portions some-

what curved; anterior tibiz slightly hollowed towards the

apex within; intermediate femora curved; intermediate

tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 4) greatly swollen, convex and broad to

very near the apex above, deeply excavate within, angulate

on their lower outer edge at about the middle, and furnished

with a dentiform, matted tuft of hairs near the inner apical

angle.

2. Head metallic to the anterior margin, the epistoma

flattened ; antenne (except at the base beneath) and legs

sometimes black or metallic, the tibiz testaceous in the

Kasitu examples, the antennae much shorter than in ¢.

Length 7-84, breadth 33-32 mm. (d ?.)

Hab. W.C. Arrica, Moliro and Mpala (Duvivier ; type of

Pic: g), Road from Luena, Sassa, and Amadi, Congo

(Mus. Congo Belge: 3); E. Arrica, Ndala Mission,

38° 15’ E., 4° 45’ S. (Dr. G. A. Carpenter: xii. 1916—

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 191

1.1917: @), Yala River, S. edge of Kakumga Forest,

alt. 4800-5300 ft. [g], Nyangori in N. Kavirondo, alt.

4800 ft. (S.A. Neave: v.1911: g@), Mlanje [1.19138: ¢]

aud between Mangoche and Chikala Boma, alt. 4000 ft.

[ii. 1910: ¢ ], in Nyasaland (S. A. Weave), Kashitu and

Namwala in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: i. 19138, xi.,

xl. 1914,1.1915: ¢ 2?) ; AByssinia (types of Harold : a go).

The above deseription is taken from a series of fourteen

males and four females belonging to the British Museum.

The males agree with a specimen of H. major from the

Congo named by Pic, and they are separable from the same

sex of H. elgonensis by the form of the intermediate tibiz,

which are convex and broad to very near the apex above,

and have the dentiform tuft of matted hairs placed near the

tip. The tibiz and the basal joints of the antenne and

tarsi vary in colour, these portions of the legs being wholly

or in great part testaceous in- the Rhodesian series received

from the late H. C. Dollman. The colour of the upper

surface, too, is variable, as stated by Harold, the elytra

being brassy cupreous in a pair from Nyasaland. Dr. Gestro

has lent me a 2 from Abyssinia agreeing with Harold’s

diagnosis and with the other specimens before me of the

same sex, and the only discrepancy between the description

of the Congo insect and the one from Abyssinia is that

Harold did not state that the yellowish anterior border of

the head (epistoma) was swollen. H. opulentus, Péring.

(1892), types, ¢ ?, length 8-9 mm., from N. Ovampoland,

is an allied form with the head wholly green in ¢*.

14. Hapalochrus elgonensis, sp. u.

do. Moderately elongate, robust, shining; cyaneous, green,

or golden-green, the palpi and joints 2-10 of the antennze

black, joints 1-3 of the latter testaceous beneath, 1 with a

green streak above, the epistoma and labrum, the excavate

inner portion of the intermediate tibie (including the pencil

of hairs), and the abdomen at the sides and middle ante-

riorly, testaceous or rufescent ; clothed with shaggy whitish

pubescence intermixed with numerous long, fine, pallid,

erect hairs. Head nearly as wide as the prothorax, densely,

very finely punctate, and. deeply, transversely depressed

between the eyes, smoother at the base, the epistoma swollen

and almost impunctate (the tumid space forming a

ra-shaped flavescent ridge between the bases of the an-

tenn) ; antennz subserrate, long, rather stout, joints 2-9

* The type has recently been lent me by Dr, Péringuey for comparison.

192 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

elongate. Prothorax much broader than long, very sparsely

punctulate, deeply, transversely grooved before the base.

Elytra long, flattened on the disc anteriorly, gradually

widened posteriorly, bluntly rounded at the apex ; densely,

finely, rugosely punctate. Anterior tibiz rather slender,

hollowed towards the apex within ; anterior tarsal joints

1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3 ; intermediate femora

concave beneath, slightly curved; intermediate tibize

(Pl. VIII. fig. 8) greatly swollen, convex above, rounded

externally, deeply excavate and sinuate within, and furnished

with a matted, dentiform tuft of hairs at a little behind the

middle.

?. Head metallic to the anterior margin, the epistoma

flattened, the transverse depression shallower ; antennie

much shorter ; legs eels metallic.

Length 6- - breadth 22-3 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. AFRIca, S. foot and slopes of Mt. Elgon, alt.

5100-5800 ft. [¢ @ : 8-18. vi. 1913], and Siroko River,

near W. foot of Mt. Elgon, alt. 3600 ft., in Uganda

{ @ : 12-14. vill. 1911] (S. A. Neave). ‘

Thirty-one specimens, three only of which are males.

Recoguizable in this sex by the tumid, flavescent epistoma,

and the greatly swollen curved intermediate tibie, which

bear a matted dentiform tuft of testaceous hairs near the

middle. A close ally of H. abyssinicus and H. constrictipes,

the only other allied forms known to me with a flavescent

tumid epistoma in ¢, this character separating H. elgonensis

from the same sex of H. malachioides, the epistoma in the

latter being flattened.

15. Hapalochrus constrictipes, sp. n.

g. Elongate, robust, shining; green, the head, pro-

thorax, and base and sides of the elytra tinged with

cyaneous, the epistoma, labrum, basal joint of antenne,

palpi (except at tip), anterior and intermediate femora

(except a streak on the anterior pair above) and tibiz,

posterior femora at the base and the tibize im part, and the

ventral surface (except down the middle), testaceous ;

thickly clothed with shaggy whitish pubescence intermixed

with long, erect, pallid “hairs. Head narrower than the

prothorax, densely, very finely punctate and transversely

depressed between the eyes, smoother at the base, the

epistoma greatly swollen and almost impunctate (the lateral

portions forming a prominent, oblique, flavescent ridge on

aud Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 193

each side before the eyes) ; antennz moderately long, sub-

serrate. Prothorax transverse, sparsely punctured, smoother

on the middle of the disc. Hlytra much widened posteriorly,

blunt at the tip; densely, rugulosely punctate, the punctures

coarser at the base. Anterior tibize strongly sinuate within ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3,

nigro-pectinate at tip ; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 10)

greatly swollen, convex above, deeply excavate within,

abruptly constricted towards the apex (thus appearing angu-

late beyond the middle externally and subdentate at the tip

beneath), and furnished with a matted, dentiform, tuft of

hairs (followed by another smaller tuft) beyond the middle.

Length 73-8, breadth 34-34 mm.

Hab. W. Cuntrat Arrica, Bondaye, Kamerun (Mus.

Brit.), Limbala, Belgian Congo (Dr. Rodhain, in Mus.

Congo Belge: 5. viii. 1913).

we males, the one from Bondaye captured on May 27th,

1914. Separable from the same sex of H. abyssinicus

(=major, Pic) and H. elgonensis by the apically constricted,

externally angulate intermediate tibie, the dentiform tuft

of hairs on their inner aspect placed in the same position as

in H. elgonensis, A ? from Kambove, Katanga (S. aA,

Neave), cupreous above, and another from Welgelegen,

Belgian Congo (Dr. Bequaert), green, with the sides of the

elytra violaceous, probably belong to the same _ species.

These three forms agree in having a tumid, flavescent,

almost smooth epistoma in 3.

16. Hapalochrus malachioides.

Hapalochrus malachioides, Fairm, Ann. Soc. Ent. I'v. 1887, p. 159.

Hiapalochrous conradti, Pic, in litt. (?).

g. Elongate, robust, shining; green, with the prothorax

or base of the elytra suffused with violaceous or cyaneous,

the bluish colour sometimes extending to the apex of the

latter, the epistoma, mouth-parts, palpi (except at tip), the

autennal joints 1-3 (except a dark streak along their upper

face), the anterior tarsi at the base, the anterior tibize in

part, the intermediate femora beneath, the intermediate

tibize except along their outer face, and sometimes the

ventral segment to a greater or lesser extent, testaceous ;

clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed with long, erect

hairs. Head about as wide as the prothorax, traisversely

depressed and feebly canaliculate between the eyes, densely,

finely punctate, smoother at the base, the epistoma tattened ;

Ann. do Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 13

194 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

antenne very long, feebly serrate. Prothorax transverse,

rounded at the sides, sparsely, finely punctate, smoother on

the disc. Elytra widened posteriorly, densely, rather

coarsely, rugulosely punctate, the puncturing coarser and

more diffuse at the base, the apices rounded. Anterior

tibiz hollowed in their outer half within (appearing

thickened at the tip); anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2

thickened, 2 extending over 3, nigro-pectinate at tip; inter-

mediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 11) greatly swollen, convex and

rounded externally, furnished with a broad, thin, rounded

flavo-ciliate lamella on their inner face beyond the middle,

and deeply excavate above and beneath this, the lower,

outer edge (as seen from beneath) biangulate.

?. Head metallic to the anterior margin ; antenne much

shorter; legs wholly metallic.

Length 64-74, breadth 23-34 mm. (Jf ?.)

Hab. K. anv EB. Centrau Arnica: Tabora (type of Fair-

maire), Mitiana—Entebbe, Yala River, 8. edge of Kakumga

Forest, S. foot and slopes of Mt. Elgon, Koki Country,

S.W. Buddu, N. of L. Isolt, valley of Kafu River, Unyoro,

Tlala, Maramas District, Upper Kuja in 8. Kavirondo, alt.

3400-5800 ft. (S. A. Neave), Entebbe, Mwera (C. C.

Gowdey) ; W. Cruntrat Arrica, Bondaye, Babua, Kongola

Kunde, Kamerun (Mus. Brit.) ; Congo da Lambra, Amadi,

Kisantu, Kibombo, Belgian Congo (Mus. Congo Belge).

This imsect seems to be referable to H. malachioides,

Fairm., the type of which (9) was from Tabora, and there

are specimens of it (¢ ?) im the Congo Museum thus

identified by Pic, as wel] as others named by him H. conradti.

The Congo Museum also possesses a series of about 150

examples of it, including 70 males, taken by Mr. R. Mayné

in 1913 at Congo da Lemba, and there are many others

from Uganda, Kamerun, &c., in the British Museum. The

3S of the present insect is recognisable by the very long

antenne, the flavescent, flattened epistoma, and the ciliate

flavo-unilamellate intermediate tibiz, the tibize themselves

being greatly swollen. The ¢ ? of M. malachioides and its

allies, all of which have the head metallic to the anterior

margin, are scarcely distinguishable one from another.

17. Hapalochrus uncinatus, sp. un.

g. Elongate, widened posteriorly, shining; green, the

anterior portion of the head and the sides of the prothorax

golden-green, the elytra tinged with cyaneous at the sides

and base, the labrum, the outer. angles of the epistoma, the

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 195

basal joints of the antenne beneath, the palpi (except at

the tip), the trochanters, the femora at the base or beneath,

the intermediate tibiz within, and the abdomen in part,

testaceous ; clothed with whitish hairs intermixed with long,

erect, blackish sete. Head densely punctulate and trans-

versely depressed anteriorly, much smoother at the base;

antenne long, slender. Prothorax nearly as long as broad,

sparsely punctate on the disc, rugulose at the sides.

Elytra densely, rugulosely punctured. Anterior tibize

abruptly, subarcuately dilated and compressed in their

apical third; anterior tarsal jomts 1 and 2 stout, 2 ex-

tending over 3; intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 12) curved,

enormously thickened, rounded and convex externally,

abruptly narrowed at the apex, very deeply excavate within

and deeply sinuato-sulcate aloug the median third above,

the upper inner edge armed at the middle with a stout,

compressed, forwardly-directed, acute hook, and the lower

inner edge arcuately lamellate opposite this.

Length 64, breadth 3} mm.

Hab. W. Crnrrat Aerica, Katalla, Belgian Congo

(Dr. Rodhain, in Mus. Congo Belge): 10.1. 1911.

One male. Very near the insect here identified as

H. spectabilis, Ancey, but readily distinguished from the ¢

of that species by the stout, chitinous hook at the middle of

the inner edge of the intermediate tibie, the corresponding

appendage being formed by a tuft of matted hairs in

H. elgonensis, abyssinicus, and constrictipes, and by a thin

ciliated lamella in H. matachioides.

18. Hapalochrus bilamellatus, sp. n.

d. Elongate, robust, shining; golden-, brassy-, or bluish-

green, the elytra sometimes suffused with cyaneous at the

base or sides, the labrum, the basal joimt of the antennz on

its outer edge, the intermediate tibize on its inner aspect

from the middle to the apex, and the abdomen in part,

testaceous ; clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed

with numerous long, erect hairs. Head densely punctulate

and transversely depressed anteriorly, smoother at the base ;

antenne moderately long, rather strongly serrate from the

fifth joint onward. Prothorax transverse, sparsely punctu-

late. Elytra much widened posteriorly, bluntly rounded at

the apex, densely, finely, rugulosely punctate. Anterior tibize

slightly hollowed at about the middle within ; anterior tarsal

joint 2 much longer than 1, thickened and pectinate at tip ;

intermediate tibize (Pl. VIII. fig. 13) swollen, strongly

curved, convex externally, deeply excavate on their inner

£3*

196 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

aspect, the upper and lower edges of the cavity arcuately

- dilated at the middle, the dilated upper portion extending

for some distance inward, sinuate-plicate, and very deeply

excavate, the lower portion narrower and less prominent.

9. Antennz very much shorter and a little stouter; legs

wholly metallic. :

Length 64-7, breadth 2-3} mm. (d¢ 2.)

Hab. E. Arrtca: Nandi Escarpment [type], Yala River,

south edge of Kakumga Forest, and Valley of the Upper

Nzoia River, N. Kavirondo, alt. 4800-5860 ft. (S. 4. Neave :

v., vi. 1911) ; Luwumbu Valley, Upper Luangwa, alt.

2500-4500 ft. [vii. 1910], and Serenje District, alt. 4500 ft.

[xii. 1907], both in N.E. Rhodesia (S. A. Neave); Kashitu in

N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman: xu. 1914). CrEnTRar

Arrica: Kundelungnu, Belgian Congo (Dr. Bequaert, in Mus.

Congo Belge: 3).

Numerous examples, including seven males, two of which

are from Rhodesia. These males differ from the same sex

of the Usagara insect here referred to H: spectabilis, Ancey,

in having the antennze more strongly serrate, the prothorax

more rounded at the sides, and the lamella on the upper

inner edge of the intermediate tibize broader and more

prominent than the lower one, the inner margin only of the

former testaceous.

19. Hapalochrus cochleatus, sp. 0.

3. Very like, and possibly a form of, H. bilamedlatus, but

differing chiefly in the development of the intermediate

tibiee (Pl. VIII. fig. 14), the lower lamella of which is larger

and more angular, and the upper one narrow, mor or less

angulate proximally, and sinuato-plicate and deeply sulcate

above ; the antenne, too, are a little longer, and have the

apical joint strongly curved and more elongate.

Length 6!—7, breadth 2-35 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. any W. Centrat Arrica, Mwengwa [type] and

Kashitu, N.W. Rhodesia (H. ©. Dollman: xi., xi. 19138,

xi, xii. 1914, 1. 1915: ¢ 2), Serenje, N.E. Rhodesia (S. A.

Neave: xii. 1907); Babua Bondaye, Kongola Kunde,

Kamerun (Mus. Brit.); Mufungwa Sampwe (Dr. Bequaert),

Sankisia, Belgian Congo (Dr. Rodhain, in Mus. Congo

Belge: 3).

‘'wenty specimens, including males from each district.

In this insect the two lamelle of the ¢ intermediate tibie,

viewed from above, appear to be placed one before the other,

the narrow angulate portion of the upper one issuing at

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. vo

about one-third from the base. The females of these closely

allied forms are scarcely distinguishable infer se; some of

those from Serenje are very hairy and closely resemble the

same sex of H. abyssinicus, from which they are separable

by their smaller size, and shorter elytra and antenne.

20. Hapalochrus spectabilis.

? Apalochrus spectabilis, Ancey, Nat. Sicil. ii. p. 116 (1883).

3. Elongate, robust, shining ; bluish-green or cyaneous,

the elytra sometimes with a large violaceous patch on the

outer part of the disc, the mouth-parts, the outer angles of

the epistoma, the basal joints of the antennze beneath, the an-

terior and intermediate tibize within, the intermediate femora

beneath, and the ventral segments in great part, testaceous ;

clothed with whitish pubscence intermixed with long, erect,

darker hairs. Head somewhat densely punctulate and trans-

versely depressed anteriorly, smoother at the base ; antennze

long, rather slender, feebly serrate. Prothorax broader than

long, subrotundate, very sparsely punctulate. Hlytra long,

much widened posteriorly, flattened on the disc, densely,

rugulosely punctate, the apices bluntly rounded. Anterior

tibize sinuate, excavate in their outer half within, the apical

portion (as seen from behind) abruptly widened for some

distance ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 ex-

tending over 3; intermediate tibice (PI. VIII. fig. 15) greatly

swollen, convex and rounded externally, deeply excavate

within, the upper and lower edges of the cavity dilated

behind the middle into a prominent rounded lamella, the

upper one sinuato-plicate and also deeply excavate above.

2. Antenne a little stouter and much shorter; prothorax

more transverse; the head entirely, legs, and sometimes

the abdomen also, metallic.

Length 61-63, breadth 24-3 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. E. Arrica, Road to Kilossa, Usagara District,

alt. 1500 to 2500 ft. (S. A. Neave): 22-26. xii. 1910).

Six males and five females, found by Dr. Neave, are pro-

visionally referred to this species, the types (? 2? ? ) of which

were from Usagara. Ancey does not mention the sexual

characters and gives no measurements; he compares his

insect with H. festivus, Er., from W. Africa, and states that

it is one of the largest of the Malachiids. The colour is

variable, above and beneath. This is one of several species

with bi-lamellate, swollen intermediate tibiz in @, the tibize

themselves being greatly swollen in the present insect.

198 Mr. G. ©. Champion on various African

21. Hapalochrus mitens.

Apalochrus nitens, Gorh. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 79 (d 2)

(1900).

g. Antenne elongate, rather slender, strongly serrate -

from joint 4 onward; anterior tibie slightly hollowed

towards the apex within, the apical portion rather broad ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 elongated, 2 thickened and

nigro-pectinate at the apex; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII.

fig. 16) greatly swollen, curved, convex externally, deeply

excavate within, the upper and lower edges of the cavity

strongly, subequally, arcuato-lamellate at about the middle,

the upper lamella sinuato-plicate and also deeply excavate.

?. Antenne a little stouter, feebly serrate, short ; legs

usually much darker, the anterior and intermediate pairs

(the bases of the tarsi included) often wholly or in great

part testaceous in ¢.

Length (head extended ) 53-6, breadth 23-24 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. anv S.E. Arnica: Mwengwa in N.W. Rhodesia

(H. C. Dollman: i., ii. 1914); Fort Jameson District, alt.

4000 ft. in N.E. Rhodesia (S. A. Neave, in Mus. Oxon.:

viii. 1908) ; Bulawayo [xii. 1903] and Salisbury [i. 1899]

(G. A. K. Marshall).

The long series, ¢ ¢, obtained by Dr. Marshall and the

late H. C. Dollman, the males agreeing perfectly in their

structure, vary greatly in the colour in the body (golden-

green, green, cyaneous or violaceous, some examples having

the head and prothorax green and the elytra cyaneous) and

legs, many of the Rhodesian females (but not all of them)

having these limbs darker than those from the other

localities. Gorham briefly described the sexes, but his

definition ‘erosis” of the g-imtermediate tibie gives

one no idea of the bilamellate structure. Some of the

specimens are labelled as having been found on grass-seeds.

Compared with H. dilamellatus and other allied forms with

somewhat similar @-characters, H. nitens is a relatively

narrower, smaller insect. A 9 from Kambove, Katanga

(S. A. Neave), may also belong here.

22. Hapalochrus clavicornis, sp. n.

_ &. Moderately elongate, cyaneous, the head and prothorax

bluish-green in one example, the basal joint of the antenne

beneath, a space at the middle of the anterior tibiz, and the

base of the intermediate femora narrowly, testaceous, the rest

of the antennz and legs (the claws excepted) black or metallic,

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 199

the abdomen partly red ; clothed with fine pubescence inter-

mixed with longer, semi-erect, pallid hairs. Head about as

wide as the prothorax, rather sparsely punctulate, sulcate

down the middle anteriorly, depressed between the eyes, and

deeply, transversely excavate on each side posteriorly, the

two excavations narrowly separated along the median line ;

antenne moderately long, not very slender, joints 3-9

flattened, parallel-sided, oblong, 10 dilated, flattened, some-

what oval, much wider than 9, bluntly rounded at tip.

Prothorax transverse, convex, rounded at the sides, closely

punctulate. Elytra widened and rather convex posteriorly,

conjointly rounded at the apex, deeply punctate. Anterior

tibiz widened, sinuate, obliquely compressed, and with a

narrow diaphanous space on their inner edge, before the tip ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, long, 2

extending over the base of 8; intermediate femora hollowed

towards the apex and deeply excavate near the base beneath ;

intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 17) curved, broad, convex

above, arcuately dilated at the middle externally and sinuate

thence to the tip, deeply excavate at the middle and apex

beneath, and furnished with a dentiform pencil of matted

pallid hairs at the inner angle, the apex itself toothed beneath.

?. Antenne a little more slender ; head densely punc-

tate, simply hollowed down the middle posteriorly and

transversely depressed anteriorly ; legs wholly metallic.

Length 43-54, breadth 2-2,4,mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. ¥:. Arnica, Mwengwa [1. i. 1914] and Kafue River,

Namwala [iii. 1913], both in N. or N.W. Rhodesia (H. C.

Dollman).

Two pairs, found on grass. This species may be readily

identified by the dilated apical joint of the antenne in the

two sexes, and the deeply excavate head and the very

peculiarly-formed intermediate tibize in the g. H.cavifrons,

Pic (1913), from the Congo, seems to have the head excavate

as in H. clavicornis, and antenne dilated somewhat as in

H, platycerus (No. 35).

23. Hapalochrus dilaticornis, sp. n.

&. Moderately elongate, clothed with whitish pubescence,

the elytra with short semi-erect hairs; bluish-green, the

labrum, palpi, joints 1-5 of the antenne, anterior and inter-

mediate femora and tibiz, and posterior tibiz (except towards

the apex), testaceous, the rest of the antennz and legs

black or metallic. Head short, broad, densely punctulate,

opaque ; antenne long, very broadly dilated, joints 4-9

200 On African and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus.

strongly transverse, oblique, 3 triangular. Prothorax con-

vex, transverse, about as wide as the head, obliquely narrowed

posteriorly, shining, sparsely, very finely punctulate. Hlytra

long, a little broader than the prothorax, slightly widened

posteriorly, shining, densely, rugulosely punctate, smoother

at the base. Anterior trochanters produced into a short

point; anterior femora with a small tooth at the base ; anterior

tibiee twisted, broadly, obliquely dilated and excavate at the

middle ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extend-

ing over 3; intermediate femora broadly excavate at the

base beneath ; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig. 18) greatly

thickened, widening outwards, deeply, abruptly excavate in

their apical third within, and furnished with a long, curved,

narrow, compressed appendage near the imner angle and a

slightly shorter appendage beneath the outer angle, the apex

appearing bilobate when viewed from behind.

Length 44, breadth 2 mm.

Hab. W. Arrica, Onitsha in 8, Nigeria (J. A. de Gaye :

vii. 1910).

One male. Extremely like H. testaceicornis, Pic (1914),

a ¢ of which, from Nyangwe on the Congo, named by the

author, has been lent me by M. Schouteden ; but differing

from it in the longer and more broadly dilated antenne, the

testaceous intermediate femora and tibie, the tibize with

longer apical appendages and wanting the fovea beneath, the

anterior tibiz with a broader ear-shaped lobe at the middle.

Less elongate than the Rhodesian H. platycerus, g (No. 35),

the head not so rugose, the anteunz shorter and broadly

lamellate from the base, the legs and antenne partly testa-

ceous.

24. Hapalochrus testaceicornis.

? Hapalochrus testacetcornis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. x. p. 15 (¢)

(Oct. 1914).

g. Antenne shorter and less dilated than in H. dilali-

cornis, joints 6-9 transverse, 1-6 testaceous, 7-10 black;

anterior trochanters produced into an acute tooth ; anterior

femora with a small tooth at the base ; anterior tibize broadly

dilated and excavate at the middle; anterior tarsal joints

1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3; intermediate femora

excavate and testaceous at the base beneath, for the rest

black ; intermediate tibiz black, greatly thickened, deeply,

abruptly excavate towards the apex within, and with a long,

curved, basally-dilated appendage at the inner apical angle

and a short tooth below the outer angle, the lower surface

deeply foveate beyond the middle.

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 201

2. Antenne shorter and not so stout, subserrate, joints

1-3 partly or wholly testaceous, the others black; legs

black.

Hab. W. anv E. Centra Arnica, Fort Sibut, Congo (type

of Pic), Nyangwe (Dr. Bequaert: 29.xi.1910: ¢, det. Pic),

Amadi, Congo da Lemba,Yambata, Léopoldville, Bas-Kasai,

Mayumbé, Wombali, Coquilhatville, Manyema, &c. (Mus.

Congo Belge: ¢ 9), W. Ankole in Uganda (S.A. Neave: ? ).

The above description of the g is taken from a specimen

from Nyangwe named H. testaceicornis by Pic, but it does

not agree with his diagnosis, in which he gives the antenne

as ‘non épaissies” and whoily testaceous in colour; a 9,

from Manyema, in the same collection was named by him

H. cribrarius, Thoms.?, and two others, from Lac Leopoid I.,

H. azureus, Er., var. These examples have the head densely

rugulose, as he described.

There is a long series of this species in the Congo

Museum, including a dozen males and several females, and

a ? from Uganda in the British Museum seems to belong

here.

lo be continued. }

XXIV.—Deseriptions and Records of Bees —LUXXXI1X.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Trigona leviceps, Smith.

Salem, 8. India, April 14-16 (G. R. Dutt) ; Adderley,

Nilgiris, 3000 ft., April 26 (Dutt) ; Mangalore, 8. Canara,

April 18-22 (Dutt). I also have it from Java, sent by

A. Duchaussoy.

Nomada sed’, Cockerell.

In ‘Entomological News,’ xxx. p. 292, this was written

sede by an oversight.

Habropoda fletcheri, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 13 mm., unusually slender; tongue

about 9 mm.

Black, with the following parts bright lemon-yellow—scape

in front, supraclypeal band (with a median upward projec-

tion), sides of face up to a little above antenne, clypeus

202 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

(which is long), labrum, and mandibles (except apex and

basal tubercle) ; there is a narrow black band on each side of

upper half of clypeus; maxillary palpi very long and slender,

6-jointed ; third antennal joint dark red beneath, flagellum

otherwise black, except a very faint brownish tint beneath ;

cheeks and pleura with long white hair; thorax above with

light fulvous hair; tegule rufo-testaceous. Wings hyaline,

faintly dusky, first r.n. meeting second t.-c. Abdomen

narrow, the hind margins of the segments broadly testaceous ;

the surface with thin pruinose pubescence ; apical segment

triangular, dark ; venter banded as the dorsum. Legs black

basally ; anterior femora with a stripe above and the apex

broadly ferruginous; hind femora greatly swollen, black ;

tibize and tarsi ferruginous, hind tarsi dark, hind tibis broadly

dark in middle, and with a large red apical lamina. The

clypeus is hairy and without a keel.

Kumaon, Ramgarh, India, 6000 ft., Aug. 26, 1918

(Fletcher). Two males (no. 46).

Nearest to H. magretti?, Bingh., but less robust, with black

hind femora and dark apex of abdomen.

Habropoda fulvipes, Cameron.

A male from the Khasia Hills, sent by Mr. Sladen as

H. moelleri, is not that species, but evidently fulvipes.

Cameron’s supposed male fulvzpes was something else,

possibly not congeneric. In the male fulvipes the face below

the antenne is entirely rich chrome-yellow and the clypeus

is carinated. The scape is yellow in front. The abdomen

has the first two segments red.

Habropoda krishna, Bingham.

A specimen from the Khasia Hills (Sladen) bears a manu-

script name by Friese, dedicating the species to Mr. Sladen.

I am not aware that Friese has published it.

FHlabropoda hookert, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 13 mm.

Robust, with abundant pale ochreous-tinted pubescence, not

mixed with black ; clypeus strongly rugose, very prominent,

faintly keeled on apical half, with a transverse yellow band,

broadest in middle, just before the apex; first 1.n. joining

second s.m. before the end.

This nearly agrees with Hl. montana, Rad., as described by

Bingham, but must certainly be distinct, as the hind tibiz

Records of Bees. 203

are not specially broadened or modified (their spurs are ferru-

ginous and very long), and their inner side, instead of being

bare and smooth, is densely covered with brownish hair,

Other salient characters are:—Labrum with a ferruginous

spot on each side at base; greater part of mandibles pale

yellowish or cream-colour ; tegule pale rufo-testaceous ; hair

on outer side of middle and hind tibia yellowish white (not

bright ferruginous), some black hair near base of tibie; hair

on inner side of hind basitarsi dark chocolate; wings brownish ;

nervures dark fuscous (not testaceous); hind margins of

abdominal segments broadly pallid; fifth segment with a pale

reddish fringe.

Simla, 7000 ft., Oct. 1907 (H. MZ. L.), Fletcher, 2=type.

Mussoorie, 7000 ft., Aug. 1906, also Fletcher, 2.

Dedicated to the memory of Sir Joseph Hooker.

Anthophora niveocincta, Smith.

Taru, Peshawar Dist., N.W. India, Oct. 17-21, 1914

(Fletcher, 4).

Anthophora cyaneotincta, sp. n. -

? .—Length about 11°5 mm.

Superficially exactly like A. albigena, Lep., except that the

second to fourth abdominal bands are very delicately tinted

with blue, though not at all shining. It also differs as

follows :—Labrum distinctly larger and more quadrate ;

black clypeal patches not so large, leaving a dagger-shaped

vertical light mark and broad-triangular lateral light areas

(the lateral and supraclypeal marks do not differ, and the

scape is entirely black) ; fifth abdominal segment entirely

black-haired, except for the long white hair at extreme sides ;

outer side of hind basitarsi with hair all black. The face-

markings are ereamy white.

In Friese’s table of Palearctic species it runs to A. albi-

gena, but in the labrum approaches A. magnilabris, Fedt.

Abbottabad, India, June 10, 1916 (Pletcher, 40).

Xylocopa phanerocephala, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 17°5 mm., width of abdomen 7:8 mm.

Tegument pure black, but face below level of antennee

bright lemon-yellow ; labrum black, strongly punctured, with

a smooth median band ; scape long, black ; flagellum, except

first joint, obscurely brownish beneath ; eyes large, but inner

orbits parallel ; cheeks and occiput with pale hair, front with

204 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

thin black hair; middle of mesothorax with very sparse

punctures ; thorax black-haired above, but anteriorly with a

broad band of pale ochreous; mesopleura with pale ochreous-

tinted hair, but posteriorly to this it is black. Legs black,

with black hair, but long pale hair on anterior tarsi poste-

riorly, and some pale hair on their tibie ; hind femora sharply

keeled beneath ; hind tibise robust and curved ; tegule black

or nearly, not punctured. Wings strongly suffused with

brown, but not opaque, beautifully violaceous iridescent.

Abdomen rather narrow, not very densely punctured, bare,

with short black hair, long at apex, first segment black-

haired; underside of abdomen with much pale ochreous hair.

Ootacamund, India, 7500 ft., Dec. 24-381, 1913 (Fletcher, 1).

Two specimens.

Rather like X. collaris, Lep., to which it runs in Bingham’s

table, but easily separated by the parallel orbits and other

characters.

Prosopis absoluta, Cameron.

? .—Chapra, Bengal; bred from munj-grass stems, April—

May 1910 (Mackenzie: Fletcher, 10). :

The markings are very pale, really cream-colour ; the

lunate spot which Bingham describes as being at the base of

the clypeus is supraclypeal.

Tetraloniella chaprensis, sp. n.

? —Length about 10°5 mm., anterior wing 8 mm.

Robust, black, with the clypeus, most of labrum and of base

of mandibles yellow ; apical part of mandibles black, with an

orange stripe; maxillary palpi five-jointed, joints measuring

in w: (2) 128, (3) 192, (4) 112, (5) 965; eyes reddish; facial

quadrangle about square ; hair of head pale, with an ochreous

tint, brighter on occiput ; scape and first two flagellar joints

almost entirely black, rest of flagellum bright chestnut-red ;

thorax above with bright fox-red hair, dense and not very

long ; pleura with pale hair, becoming white beneath ; tegulee

clear ferruginous. Wings strongly dusky; stigma and

nervures ferruginous; second s.m. oblique, but scarcely

narrowed above; first r.n. meeting second t.-c. Legs black,

the tarsi ferruginous apically ; hair of legs mainly pale

ochreous, but dark on anterior tarsi, dark chocolate on middle

tarsi, and black on inner side of hind tibize and basitarsi ; on

outer side of hind tibiz and basitarsi it is stiff and white,

glittering, but the tuft on hind knees is strongly reddened.

Records of Bees. 2095

Abdomen black, the hind margins of the segments con-

colorous ; basal half of first segment with pale oclireous hair ;

segments 2 and 3 with very broad, entire, felt-like basal hair-

bands, so broad as to reach hind margin at extreme sides ;

fourth segment covered with such white hair except at sides

of base narrowly, but the actual margin fringed with pale

reddish ; fifth and sixth with rusty-black hair.

Chapra, India (Mackenzie: Fleteher, no. 17).

Very distinct from the species known to me. Nurse has

described two species of Tetralonia with clypeus yellow in

female ; the palpi have not been examined, so they may be

referable to Tetraloniella. T. chaprensis differs from T. phryne

(Nurse) by the bands on the abdomen being neither narrowed

nor interrupted ; and from 7. cassandra (Nurse) by the lack

of apical hair-bands on abdominal segments 2 and 3.

Tetralonia punetilabris, Cameron.

? .—Peshawar, Khaibar Pass, Alimasjid, April 25, 1916

(Fletcher, 31).

This agrees with Cameron’s description, except that the

third abscissa of the radius is practically equal with the

second, and Cameron says nothing about the hind margin of

the first abdominal segment being broadly testaceous. Pre-

sumably it is the same species. It is related to 7. tricincta

(Krichs.).

Tetralonia pachysoma, Te, i.

Habropoda lata, Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus. 1905, p. 200 (not 7. lata,

Provancher, 1888).

Dr. Brauns has examined Cameron’s type, and finds it to

be a Tetralonia allied to T. braunsiana, Friese.

Tetralonia leucopoda australior, subsp. n.

3 —Hair on last two abdominal segments dark chocolate,

instead of fawn-colour. Hyes pale green, more or less suffused

with red.

Bellary District, Hampasagar, India, Aug. 31, 1912

(Pletcher); Ramakrishna, 20=type. Godavari District,

Annampallee, Dec. 19-22 (7. V. R.).

This is also very similar to 7. phryne (Nurse) from Deesa,

of which 7. glabricornis, Cam., also collected by Nurse at

Deesa, appears to bea synonym. Cameron describes glabri-

cornis as having the small joints of tarsi pale testaceous and

the first 1. n. interstitial; in australior only the apical tarsal

206 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

joint is red, and the first r.n. joins second s.m. an appreciable

distance from its apex.

* w-. .

Tetralonia punjaubensis, Cameron.

3 .—Lyallpur, Punjab, July 24,1917 (G. R. Dutt: Flet-

cher, 21).

This is evidently Cameron’s species, but the hair of the

thorax is rich fulvous and the wing-nervures are dusky

reddish, not black. ‘The clypeus and labrum are polished, as

if oiled.

Nomia aurifrons, Smith.

I have a male from F. Smith’s collection which does not

agree with Bingham’s description, but Bingham knew only

the female. My specimen agrees with male aurifrons as

described by Westwood, who stated that it was his MS.

JV. silhetica. It seems possible that the supposed sexes may

be distinet, in which case the name silhetica can be used for

the species before me.

Nomia albofasciata, Smith.

This was described from Java, and the Indian so-called

albofasciata of Bingham is evidently distinct. Bingham

described the female; it seems possible tlt it may be

identical with NV. argenteobalteata, Cam., based on the male.

Nomia andrenina, Cockerell.

Both sexes from Chapra, India (Mackenzie: Fletcher, 16).

The female differs from the type in being smaller, with

dark reddish middle of mandibles and iegs with more red,

but it is the same species. The male, hitherto unknown, is

similar, but has the face and front densely covered with pale

ochreous tomentum, flagellum elongated and conspicuously

red near base beneath, wings strongly reddened; first two

abdominal segments, before the apical depression, minutely

rugoso-punctate ; hind legs not modified, their tarsi long ;

hind tibize with a dusky suffusion on inner side, but the basi-

tarsi clear pale yellowish red throughout.

Nomia fletcheri, sp. n.

@ .—Length about 10°5, anterior wing 8 mm.

Robust, black, with greatly enlarged tegule, which are

white, with a large brown patch; head broad and _ thick ;

tongue dagget-like ; mandibles black, faintly reddish in

Records of Bees. 207

middle; clypeus shining, coarsely punctured, depressed in

middle, the middle and base with much white hair; sides of

face and front covered with spreading glittering white hair ;

scape long and curved, flagellum obscurely reddish near base ;

vertex polished, with large scattered punctures ; mesothorax

andscutellum polished, nearly bare, with very large irregular

punctures, sparse on mesothorax ; a thin band of white hair

along posterior margin of mesothorax, and postscutellum and

sides of prothorax (which are sharply margined) densely

covered with white tomentum ; posterior face of metathorax

densely and coarsely punctured, the basal enclosure small,

without plice. Wings faintly dusky, especially at apex;

stigma small, dusky reddish, nervures fuscous; first r.n.

meeting second t.-c.; third sm. very long, as long as the

other two combined ; b.n. meeting t.-m. Legs black, the

hind tibiz and all the tarsi with much white hair, hair on

inner side of hind tarsi very pale yellowish. Abdomen

shining, the first two segments coarsely punctured, unusually

large punctures at sides of first before the apical depression ;

bases of second and following segments with bands of white

tomentum ; apical margins of segments (very narrowly on

first) testaceous, on third and fourth overlapped by a thin

fringe of hair; apex of fifth segment with dense white hair.

Tarnab, Peshawar District, India, May 1916 (Fletcher, 37).

Apparently allied to JV. basalis, Smith, but much larger

and with dark legs.

Nomia opacula, sp. n.

? .— Length about 9 mm.

Black ; like JV. jletchert in the form of the head, the tegulee

(but the dark area larger), the hair on thorax, abdomen and

legs, and the dagger-shaped tongue; clypeus shining, coarsely

punctured, only very thinly hairy ; white hair at sides of

face and front, but not very abundant ; front coarsely punc-

tured, but vertex almost entirely impunctate ; scape long,

flagellum faintly reddish beneath; sides of prothorax ex-

panded and sharp-edged as in fletcher?; mesothorax and

scutellum dull, with a very few scattered punctures; base of

metathorax polished, without sculpture, posterior face dullish ;

mesopleura rugose. Wings strongly dusky, stigma reddish

brown, nervures fuscous ; b. n. strongly bent, meeting t.-m. ;

first r.n. meeting second t.-c.; third s.m. not so long as in

fletcheri. Legs black, with pale hair. First two abdominal

segments dull and impunctate ; bands of white tomentum at

bases of second and third segments, dise of fourth covered

208 Mr. I. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

with white hair, except a median transverse band, fifth with

much white hair.

Nasik, India (Comber).

Sent by Mr. Meade-Waldo as NV. virgata, Ckll., which it

only superficially resembles.

Nomia chaprensis, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 7:3 mm.

Robust ; head, thorax, and legs black; abdomen polished,

clear ferruginous, with a black band on middle third of second

segment, just before the depression, third and fourth segments

with entire black bands, broadened at sides, slender in

middle ; fifth segment and apex black ; head broad, orbits

converging below ; mandibles red in middle ; clypeus finely

rugoso-punctate, supraclypeal area shining ; face and front

covered with pale slightly ochreous-tinted hair; flagellum

dark reddish beneath; mesothorax and scutellum shining,

with very fine punctures; thorax above with rather dense

short pale ochreous hair ; prothorax ordinary ; posterior face

of métathorax polished, rounded, with weak punctures; basal

area small and not evidently sculptured, but there is a linear

transverse groove in which are fine ruge; tegule small,

fulvous. Wings hyaline, stigma and nervures pale ferru-

ginous; b.n. falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. narrow,

receiving first r.n. beyond middle. Legs with pale ochreous

hair, hind basitarsi broad, small joints of tarsi red. Abdomen

without hair-bands, but fourth and fifth segments apically

with thin yellowish hair.

Chapra (Mackenzie: Fletcher, 3).

TI do not know any closely allied species. The short, broad,

bare, red abdomen is distinctive.

Nomia chalcea, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 9 mm.

With the aspect of an Andrena; head, thorax, and legs

black, tarsi reddish apically ; abdomen with first segment

red, second red with a broad black band, third black with

extreme base and broad apex red, remaining segments black,

the hind margin of fourth pellucid ; mandibles dark reddish

beyond middle; clypeus dullish, very finely rugose, con-

spicuously depressed in middle; face with very thin whitish

hair; front extremely minutely punctured ; scape long,

flagellum red beneath except basally, broadly so at apex ;

mesothorax and scutellum shining, with hardly noticeable

minute punctures ; thorax above sparsely hairy, except the

Records of Bees. 209

tomentose postscutellum ; prothorax ordinary ; sides of thorax

hoary with pale hair; posterior face of metathorax rounded,

shining, hardly sculptured, basal area smooth and _ polished.

Legs slender, with glittering pale hair, ferruginous on inner

side of tarsi; hind tibia with hardly any scopa; tegule

ordinary, testaceous, with broadly fuscous base. Wings

strongly brownish ; stigma large and piceous, nervures sepia ;

b. n. meeting t.-im. ; second s.m, narrow and small, receiving

first yon. in middle. Abdomen shining, without distinct

punctures and without hair-bands ; the red hind margins of

first two segments broadly depressed.

Manantoddy, Wynad, India, 2500 ft., Nov. 17, 1917

Chee. 3 Hletcher, 33).

Nomia immsi, sp. n.

2? .—Length 6:3 mm, .

Head and thorax black, with rather abundant white hair,

not, however, hiding surface of mesothorax ; legs dark rufo-

piceous, with much white hair, the hind tibia with a broad

scopa; hind knee-plate large and conspicuous; abdomen

broad, shining, first segment clear ferruginous with a pair of

dusky spots, remaining segments black, with hind margins

of 2 to 4 broadly testaceous hyaline ; no distinct hair-bands.

Mandibles red in middle; head broad, sides of face and front

with much white hair; clypeus finely punctured, glittering

between the punctures, not depressed in middle ; supraclypeal

area very large, convex, polished, with sparse distinct punc-

tures; flagellum reddened beneath beyond middle; vertex

closely punctured; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with

sparse fine punctures ; metathorax rounded, the basal area

smooth and polished; tegula small, testaceous. Wings clear

hyaline, stigma rufo-piceous, nervures pale brown; b.n.

regularly arched, falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. very

narrow, receiving first r.n. in middle; third s.m. very broad

above. Abdomen not distinctly punctured.

Dehra Dun, India, 1. 5. 1912 (A. D. Imms: Fletcher, 39).

Nomia burmica, sp. n.

3 .—Length 7:3 mm.

Black, with the extreme apex of abdomen, the knees,

tibie, and tarsi ferruginous; legs slender and unmodified ;

tegule ferruginous, not enlarged. Head broad, eyes black,

converging below ; mandibles rufous beyond middle; face

and front densely covered with glittering pale golden hair ;

antennee very long, flagellum ferruginous beneath ; front and

vertex dull and granular ; mesothorax and scutellum densely

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 14

210 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

covered with felt-like brownish-ochreous tomentum ; area of

metathorax rather large, dull, finely rugoso-plicate basally ;

truncation below area with ochreous hair. Wings flavescent

hyaline, the apex dusky ; stigma large, ferruginous, nervures

fuscous; b.n. falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. about

square, receiving first r.n. at middle; third s.m. broad

above. Abdomen very finely punctured, the depressed

testaceous apical margins of segments covered with pale

ochreous tomentum; fifth ventral segment emarginate and

with a pair of tubercles.

Tatkon, Upper Burma, Sept. 6-7, 1914 (Fletcher, 45).

Nomia perconcinna, sp. n.

? .—Length about 8-2, anterior wing 6°5 mm.

Black, robust, with the hind margins of the first four

abdominal segments having white tegumentary bands, very

narrow on first, broadest on fourth ; tegule ordinary, reddish

fuscous ; postscutellum unarmed. Head broad, sides of face

and front with white hair; mandibles black ; clypeus dull,

finely rugoso-punctate, slightly depressed in middle ; front

dull; scape long, flagellum bright ferruginous beneath ;

mesothorax and scutellum shining, the mesothorax closely

and finely punctured, the scutellum polished, with large

punctures at sides and middle ; posterior face of metathorax

truncate, margined, finely rugulose, with very little hair ;

basal area opaque, without evident sculpture; mesopleura

glistening, and with white hair. Legs black, with pale hair,

yellowish on inner side of hind tibiz and tarsi, the tegument

of apical part of hind tibize red on inner side. Abdomen

glistening, first segment very finely and closely punctured ;

apex with short dark fuscous hair, but sides of apical part

with glittering silvery hair; second and third ventral seg-

ments stained with red.

Dehra Dunn, India, May 3, 1909 (J. &., 88: Fletcher, 26).

Allied to N. albofasciata, Smith, and LV. argenteobalteata,

Cam., differing in pubescence and sculpture of thorax.

The following table readily separates the above new species

of Nomia :—

Tegule enlarged, with a broad white posterior

NCHS Bea cpa nte she lare. 4 Wee eg sie < aks Sree ens 4

Pocibee iordimarys. tuys ae eisis scm ooh lanienotal 2.

1. Mesothorax polished and conspicuously punctate. fletchert, Cll.

Mesothorax dull and hardly punctate.......... opacula, Cll.

2. First abdominal segment red

First abdominal segment black 5.

On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. QE

3. Abdomen mainly red, stigma pale ./.......... chaprensis, Ckll.

Abdomen with much black, stigma dark ...... 4.

4 Larger; wings dusky 05.1, as sdeus ok ati ace set Chalcea, Chil.

emailer: wines clear.*the a ok nae enee tenet. e « imms?t, Cll.

5. Abdomen with white tegumentary bands ...... perconciuna, Ckll.

Abdomen with bands of pale ochreoustomentum. bwrmica, CkIl.

XXV.—Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—lV.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

THE insects described below were sent from Burma by

Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe, who has presented them to the British

Museum. Mr, Swinhoe now writes that the amber mines

are not in Burma proper, but in ‘ what is called the unad-

ministered tracts.’ The Arthropods so far described from

this amber may be summarized as follows :—

DiPLOPODA., | HYMENOPTERA.

Evaniide, 3.

Bethylide, 4.

Trigonalide, |.

Polyxenide, 1.

ARACHNIDA.

Pseudoscorpiones, 2. EEE

Cheyletidee, 1. | Fulgoride, 1.

Aleyrodide, 1.

INSECTA.’ TIeTEROPTERA.

, Enicocephalidee, 4,

THYSANURA.

Lepismatide, 1. DIprEra. ;

Mycetophilide, 2.

ISOPTERA, Cecidomyiide, 1.

Termitide, 2. Chironomide, 1,

Embiide, |. | Psychodidae, 1.

Kmpidide, 2.

DERMAPTERA, I.

| CoLEOPTERA.

CoRRODENTIA. Buprestide, 1.

Psocide, 2. Elateride, 1.

Pedilide, 1.

TRICHOPTERA, lI, Rhipiphoride, 1.

Dermestide, 1.

LEPIDOPTERA, Tpide, 1.

Micropterygide, 1. Total, 40*.

* Not a trace of an ant can be found in any of the materials. Frag-

ments of Blattidee eccur, but not sufficient for description. There are

also small spiders,

14*

212 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

DERMAPTERA.

Labidura (?) electrina, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Length about 4°5 mm.

Fuscous; antennee rather stout, much as in Labia ; ante-

rior lobe of head prominent, the whole head formed much as

in Labidura nepalensis, Bury ; last two joints of labial palpi

stout, the last with short hairs and extending beyond head ;

last three joints of maxillary palpi long and slender, subequal,

the two apical ones distad of the front of the head; hind

femora stout, the upper margin strongly elevated, and with

three strong dark bristles about the middle ; forceps slender,

denticulate on inner border, practically as in female Labi-

dura bengalensis, Dohrn, but apex not curved.

Fig. 1.

Labidura electrina, sp. n.

Burmese amber, from Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe. Ina small

pale-coloured piece.

The shape of the forceps recalls the American Miocene

genus Labiduromma, Scudder. This may be immature, and

very likely should be separated from Labidura, but it is

impossible at present to find satisfactory characters on which

to base a genus.

DIPTERA.

EOPHLEBOTOMUS, gen. nov. (Psychodide).

Minute flies closely resembling Phlebotomus, Rondani, but

in the British Aluseum. 213

with venation approaching closely that of the Ptychopterid

Macrochile, Loew, from Baltic amber. Antenne very long

and slender, apparently 15- (perhaps 16-) jointed, the joints

with whorls of hairs, the apical joints elongate-conical, with

a rounded swollen base; proboscis evident, similar to that

of Phlebotomus; palpi long and slender, extending beyond

proboscis, simple, not covered with hair, the last two joints

subequal, and shorter than the one before ; thorax much less

elevated than in Phlebotomus papatasit, Scopoli (specimen

from Egypt compared), but with long erect dorsal hair as in

Phlebotomus ; coxe very long, longer than in Phlebotomus ;

hind femora very long and slender ; abdominal segments

dorsally with long erect hair as in PAlebotomus; male geni-

talia, so far as visible, similar in general character to those of

Phlebotomus, but these also, in respect to the claspers, are

very like those of Macrochile. Wing much more like that of

a Tipulid in general appearance than a Psychodid ; costa with

long hair, but the veins not evidently hairy. The subcosta,

radius, and radial sector are not strikingly different from

Phlebotomus, but the sector arises sharply from R,, forming a

very large angle, and strongly curving near the base, rather

exaggerating the condition in Macrochile. The anterior cross-

vein ig only a short distance before the fork of the radial

sector ; in Phlebotomus it is far before it, but in Macrochile

a short distance beyond it. M, (marked R,; in Needham’s

figure of Macrochile) is unbranched. M, (M, of Needham)

is also apparently simple, though itis branched in Phlebotomus

and Macrochile. M; and Cuj, instead of being held together

by a short cross-vein as in Macrochile, are completely united

for a considerable distance. The anal is simple.

Type the following :—

Lophlebotomus connectens, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Length about 1:12 mm.

Dark fuscous, with clear wings, the venation pale. An-

tennee about 720 uw long ; proboscis about 145 w; hind coxes

about 192 4; hind femora about 400 w long.

Burmese amber, from Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe. In a small

piece of pale-coloured amber.

This remarkable insect beautifully connects the Ptycho-

pteridze with the Psychodidee, and indicates how the Psycho-

dids evolved from Tipuloid ancestors. Yet in the minute

size and general appearance it is entirely like Phlebotomus

and very unlike the Ptychopterids. Iam not quite sure that

214 Mr, R. Gumey on the British Species

M, is simple; it is very faint, and the edge of the wing is

folded over at the point where a branch might be.

Fig. 2.

— = SESS

3 LEZ ——

ees

—_— ) End of

x y) antenna End of

PUES NU abdomen

proboscis

palpus a -

coxa

and femur

Eophlebotomus connectens, sp. 0.

XXVI.—The British Species of the Copepod Genus Nitocra,

Boeck. By Roserr Gurney, M.A,

Tne species of the genus Nitocra, hitherto recorded as

British, are—N. hibernica (Brady), N. palustris (Brady),

N. palustris, var. elongata, Scott, N. simplex, Schmeil*,

N. oligocheta, Giesb., and N. (Ameira) amphibia, Brady.

Of these N. hibernica is a purely fresh-water species, quite

distinct from the rest, and N. simplex is also undoubtedly

a distinct species ; but, concerning the remaining species,

there is some confusion as regards their validity and relation-

ship to oneanother. Prof. Sars, in his ‘Crustacea of Norway,’

has treated N. palustris, N. oliyocheta, and Ameira amphibia

as synonyms of N. typica, Boeck, while he regards N. palus-

tris, var. elongata, Scott, as identical with N. spinipes, Boeck.

With regard to N. oligochata and A. amphibia, he is

unquestionably right, but some uncertainty remains about

N. palustris (Brady). Having recently met with the species

attributed by Prof. Sars to N. spinipes, Boeck, I was led

to re-examine specimens which I had previously referred to

N. palustris, and found that, in all cases, these specimens

were properly to be referred to N. spinipes. This species is

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. p. 356 (1920).

of the Copepod Genus Nitocra. 215

identical in all respects with Brady’s N. palustris, with the

exception that Brady describes the fifth foot of the male of

that species as ‘obsolete, being reduced to a minute seti-

ferous lobe,” so that it was evident, either that N. palustris

is synonymous with N, spinipes, and not with N. typica, as

Prof. Sars states, or that it is a species distnict from both.

Through the kindness of Dr. Calman, I have been allowed

to examine all the specimens of the genus in the Norman

Collection in the British Museum. ‘This collection contains

specimens (named as N. palustris) from seven localities, and

in all cases the females were found to be indistinguishable

from N. spinipes. In four cases only were males present,

but these males also agree exactly with those of N. spinipes,

so that all the specimens in the Norman Collection may be

regarded as belonging to that species. Prof. Meek has been

good enough to send me a slide containing specimens

collected by Prof. Brady at Oulton Broad, Suffolk, and

named by him Canthocamptus palustris, and, as this is one

of the original localities given by him, the specimens may be

regarded as co-types. Unfortunately no males were found

upon the slide, but the females agree in all respects with

N. spinipes. The Norman Collection includes examples

from Seaton Carew, Durham, which were probably named

by Dr. Brady, and among these were one or two males

having the fifth foot as in N. spinipes, so that there can be

no doubt that N. paiustris (Brady) is not a distinct species,

but is synonymous with N. spinipes, Boeck, as described by

Prof. Sars. Van Douwe * figures the fifth foot of N. palus-

tris as a broad plate with four setz, but, as he does not

appear to have met with the male himself + probably his

figure is taken from Dr. Brady’s, which, in my opinion,

represents the basal part only, the distal joint having been

overlooked.

The following synonymy and short description will suffice

to discriminate the British species of Nitocra :—

1. Nitocra hibernica (Brady).

Canthocamptus hibernicus, Brady, Mon. British Copepoda, xi. 1880,

p- 52.

Nitocra hibernica, Schmeil, Deutsch. Freil. Cop. 1893, p. 78.

Abdominal segments with rings of spines complete

dorsally. Dorsal surface marked with very fine cilia.

Furcal rami longer than wide.

* ‘Deutschlands Susswasserfauna,’ Heft xi, 1909, p. 57,

+ Zool. Anz. xxix. 1905, p. 519,

216 Mr. R. Gurney on the British Species

First legs: first joint of endopodite as long as the whole

exopodite, the last two joints very small.

Second and third legs: no inner seta on third joint of

exopodite, no seta on basal joint of endopodite.

Fifth legs of female : basal joint with two setz and three

modified spines ; second joint narrow, with six setze.

Habitat. Fresh water.

Distribution. Germany, France, South Russia. In Eng-

land only in South and Kast, and in Ireland. Common in

Norfolk Broads.

Filth legs of male (A) and female (B) of WV. typica (1),

NV. spinipes (2), and NV. simplex (3).

2. Nitocra spinipes, Boeck. (Fig. 1, 2; fig. 2, B.)

Nitocra spinipes, Boeck, Forh. i. vid. Selsk. Christ. 1865, p. 274; Sars,

Crustacea of Norway, v. 1911, p. 213.

Canthocamptus palustris, Brady, Monog. 1880, p. 58.

Canthocamptus palustris, Van Douwe, Zool. Anz. xxix. 1905, p. 519.

Canthocamptus palustris, var. elongata, T. & A. Scott, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. 1895, p. 459,

Rings of spines on abdominal segments not complete

of the Copepod Genus Nitocra. 210

dorsally. In the male there is a transverse row of spines at

the base of the operculum. Furcal rami broader than long.

First leg: endopodite slightly longer than exopodite, its

first joint exceeding the first two joints of the exopodite.

Second and third legs: inner seta of third jotnt of

exopodite present.

Fifth leg of female: basal joint with five sete. Second

joint oval, with five sete. In the male the basal joint has

three or four sete, and the second joint has six sete and is

broader than in the female.

Habitat. Brackish water.

Distribution. Norway ; Novaya Zemlya ; Baltic coast of

Germany ; Syria. In Britain—Shetland islands ; West Loch

Tarbert ; Unst; Langbank ; Dumbarton; Bay of Nigg;

Hevgistbury Head. In Norfolk—Oulton Broad ; Breydon

Water; Horsey ; Lower reaches of River Bure; Salthouse.

3. Nitocra typica, Boeck. (Fig. 1,1; fig. 2, A.)

es Boeck, ibid. p. 274 (1865); Sars, Crust. of Norway,

v. p. 212.

vee amphibia, Brady, Nat. Hist. Trans. Northd. xiv. 1902, p. 57.

Nitocra oligocheta, Giesbrecht, 4th Ber. Comm. Wiss. Unt. deutsch.

Meeres, 1882, p. 116.

Rings of spines on abdominal segments incomplete

dorsally or broken by a series of exceedingly fine cilia.

Lateral spines very long. Furcal rami broader than long.

First leg: first joint of endopodite considerably longer

than the whole exopodite.

Second and third legs: inner seta of third joint of exo-

podite and seta of basal joint of endopodite present.

Fifth leg: 9 —basal joint with five sete, 2nd joint oval,

broad, with six sete. ¢ —basal joint with four sete, 2nd joint

with six.

flabitat. Marine (muddy shores) or brackish water.

Distribution. Norwegian Coast; Kiel Bay. In Britain—

Salcombe; Southport ; Scilly Islands ; Newcastle, Co. Down;

Salthouse (Norfolk).

4. Nitocra simplex, Schmeil. (Fig. 1, 3; fig. 2, C.)

Nitocra simplex, Schmeil, Zeits. Naturw. Ixvii. 1894, p. 347.

Nitocra miillerit, Van Douwe, Zool, Anz, xxviii. 1905, p. 454.

Rings of spines on abdominal segments incomplete

dorsally.

First leg: endopodite and exopodite of about the same

length.

218 Mr. R. Gurney on the British Species

Second and third legs: inner seta of third joint of exo-

podite present. No seta on basal joint of endopodite.

Fifth leg of female: basal joint with five sets, second

joint with six sete, rather narrower than in N. spinipes.

A. N. typica. First leg of female.

B. N. spinipes. First leg of male.

C. N. simplex. First leg of male.

First antenna of male: penultimate joint with a row of

knobs.

Habitat. Slightly brackish water. -

Distribution. Germany (Baltic Coast). Norfolk—Hickling

Broad and a ditch at Cley-by-Sea.

The genus includes also the following species :—

(1) Nitocra pusilla, Sars.

Nitocra pusilla, Sars, Crust. of Norway, v. p. 396.

Differs from all other species in absence of spines from

the operculum and last segment of the abdomen. In this

and other respects it approaches the genus Ameira.

Habitat. Marine. Norwegian Coast.

(2) Nitocra wolterecki, Brehm.

litocra woltereckt, Brehm, Zool. Anz. xxxiv. 1909, p. 421.

First leg : rami of equal length.

of the Copepod Genus Nitocra. 219

Fifth leg of female: basal joint with five sete, 2nd joint

narrow, with five sete.

Habitat. Brackish water. Phlegrean Plain, Italy.

(3) Nitocra fragilis, Sars.

Nitoera fragilis, Sars, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) xxi, 1905, p. 386.

Closely resembling N. spinipes. Differs from it in shape

of fifth leg.

Habitat. Brackish water. Chatham Islands.

(4) Nitocra platypus, Daday.

Nitocra platypus, Daday, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) xxiv. 1906, p. 192.

Spine-rings of abdominal segments complete in last three

segments in ¢, incomplete dorsally in ¢.

First leg : rami of equal size.

Fifth leg: @ —basal joint with one long seta and four very

small ones, 2nd joint small, with five short sete. 3 —basal

joint with three very short spines, 2nd joint with five short

sete.

Habitat. Fresh water (?). Siam.

The following species which have been ascribed to the

genus Nitocra should, in my opinion, be referred to other

genera :—

(1) Nitocra paradowxa, Daday.

Nitocra paradoxa, Daday, Zool. Jahrb, (Syst.) xix. 1904, p. 492

(Turkestan). :

The possession of two egg-sacs, the structure of the man-

dible-palp, and the absence of denticles on the operculum,

together with the arrangement of the sete of the swimming-

legs bring this species within the definition of the genus

Schizopera, Sars, eight species of which have been described

by Prof. Sars from Lake Tanganyika, while he notes the

occurrence of species also in the Chatham Islands, Caspian

Sea, and in Birket-el-Kurun, Egypt.

(2) Nitocra phlegrea, Brehn.

Nitocra phlegrea, Brehm, Zool. Anz. xxxiy. 1909, p. 422 (Italy).

Brehm’s description is somewhat incomplete, but the

extreme elongation of the endopodite of the first leg and

the form of the sensory spine at the base of this leg in the @

agree more with the genus Ameira than with Niiocra.

220 Mr. O. Sund on

(3) Nitocra brevisetosa, Daday.

Nitocra brevisetosa, Daday, Termes. Fuz. xxxiv. 1901, p. 37

(New Guinea).

The two-jointed endopodite of the fourth leg and the

structure of the antenna and fifth feet exclude this species

from the genus Nidocra. It should be included in the genus

Canthocamptus.

(4) Nitocra gracilimana, Giesbrecht.

Nitocra gracilimana, Giesbrecht, Res. Voyage du Belgica, 1902.

The smooth anal operculum, slenderness of first leg, form

of the sensory spine of the male first leg, and the structure

of the fifth feet indicate the genus Ameira.

Key for Discrimination of the European Specius of Nitocra.

]. First leg: first joint of endopodite as long

as, or longer PHAN, OMOPOUIE s 5 nt, orate oho 2.

This joint shorter than the exopodite....... 4,

2. Anal operculum smooth (7s, -)-\6 626 «es a N. pusilla, Sars.

Anal operculum with spines.............. :

3. Furcal rami longer than wide ............ N. hibernica (Brady).

Furcal rami wider than Long +), 2% .% eee peters NV. typica, Boeck.

4, Distal joint of fifth leg of female with six

SEL Maran Oem TR MAI STENE SLAP Ry Arad 3 - NV. simplex, Schmeil.

Lhis joint withifive sete .\, cielo «enh 5.

5. Furcal rami as wide as long. Distal joint

of fifth foot of female narrow .......... N. wolterecki, Brehm.

Furcal rami wider than long. Distal joint

of fifth leg of female broad ............ N. spinipes, Boeck.

XXVII.— The ‘Challenger’ Eryonidea (Crustacea). By

OscarR Sunp, Cand. Real., Scientific Adviser to the

Norwegian Bureau of Fisheries, Bergen.

DuRING a recent stay in London I had, through the kindness

of Dr. W. T. Calman, an opportunity of making the

‘Challenger’ collection of Eryonidea the object of a cursory

examination. The following lines are a brief account of the

chief conclusions arrived at.

Eryoneicus cecus, Bate.

The single (type) specimen is 12 mm. long (carapace

6°5 mm.), and seems to have been in a rather poor condition

when preserved. Still it is possible to see that the description

given by Bate and Willemoes-Suhm is incomplete and the

drawings, especially that by Bate (pl. xii. E), not very

the * Challenger’ Eryonidea. 221

accurate. From the arrangement of the median dorsal spines

of the carapace, it appears with little doubt that Eryonicus

faxont, Bouvier (Bull. Mus. Oc. Monaco, 1905), is asynonym,

and that therefore #. eewcus is a young stage of Stereomastis

(Polycheles) sculpta, Smith. Ifa single spine is designated

with 1, a double with 2, and a blunt-tipped with 3, the

arrangement alluded to may be represented thus :—2 (the

very small rostral spines) —1—2—3 (cerv. sulcus) —2—2—

3—2. I could not detect the single spine occupying the

fourth place in £. favoni, but that may be due to the bad

state of preservation making the investigation very difficult.

Along the lateral edge is found a row of eight long spines, on

the branchial area a row of five, on the eastral area two, and

on the branching point of the cervical sulcus one.

Willemoesia leptodactyla, Willemoes-Suhm.

Bate enumerates (p. 164) four specimens from the ‘ Chal-

lenger’ referred to this species, but on p. 169 he mentions

five. The collection contains six, some particulars of which

are given in the table below, as Bate’s statements partly are

inaccurate, partly wrong. Measurements given in per cent.

of carapace length, if not expressly stated as mm.

“Challenger ’ Stat. no... 13 1383 298 300

Wigenlie j| 21° 38’ N, | 35° 41'S. 34° 7'S 50° 42'S,

Se eae )| 44° 39’ W. | 20° 65' W.| 73° 56’ Ww. (78°18) W.

Specimen NO: L454. 656 1 2 3 4/5 | 6

DOK tet anes wus tutte ° io) pS (Git=9) BN SLE iroh EAL (a)

Length of carapace (C),

14dODI ig ORM Dod aio oo 49 38 54 46| 46] 33

Total length (L), mm... (107) 81 120 105| 110} 77

Do. in per cent. of C .. 217 2138 222 227 | 238 | 233

Breadth (where cervical

crosses median line). . 65 68 67 67| 76| 67

Breadth between antero-

lateral points of cara-

ECCCe Ce OR RCO Oe (35) 42 43 43] 41] 46

Distance from cervical to

posterior edge of cara-

PACEIgTs Veacteren as. 47 50 50 49| 49] 49

Cheliped :

Merger. fcagere a 106 100 98 | 96) 98

Carpusaiasgtins a: 82 68 78 74| 70

Propodusivs.ixt: e+ 88 82 83 80} 91

Dacty lugs earn - 47 50 46 46| 50

222 Mr. O. Sund on

The following additional particulars are of interest in

describing the specimens :—

Specimen no. 1.—This is the type of the species, and is

figured in pl. xviii. and pl. xix.C”, but rather inaccurately

as far as the spines are concerned at least. ‘lhe armature of

the median ridge may be expressed by the following formula,

employing the same symbols as above, under Hryoneicus

c@ecus -—

il Pd Dears Sa, Pa ee ae

The lateral edge carries 29 spines, of which 7 are situated

forward of, 4 between, and 18 behind the branches of the

cervical sulcus (7+4+18). The surface of the carapace is

covered by a dense “fur” of short spinules except on the

elevated ridges, which are smooth. The hook in the middle

line on the back of the first pleosomite is quite rudimentary.

Specimen no. 2.—Median ridge spine-formula:

1 TRE Tek 1h 4 1 Gils lal

Lateral edge spine-formula :

Right side 11+6421, left 10+6+19.

This specimen furthermore differs from no. 1 in the following

particulars :—

(a) Two of the median spines (marked ’ in the above

formula) are elastic and bend when pressed, in these respects

resembling the blunt-tipped spines found in the corresponding

place in all Eryoneicus.

(b) The frontal edge has nearly no orbital sinus, a feature

which is well-marked in the type-specimen.

half as long as the second, in no. 1 the three joints are of

about the same length.

(d) The last joint of the antennal peduncle is about 50 °/,

longer than the penultimate, in no. 1 it is of equal length.

Specimen no. 3.—Median line spine-formula :

1 1111 C (posterior part smooth).

Lateral edge spine-formula :

5+5+8.

Posterior portion of the edge smooth. “ Fur” on carapace as

in no. 1.

the ‘ Challenger’ Eryonidea. 223

Specimen no. 4.—This specimen is not mentioned by Bate.

Median line formula as in no. 3. Lateral edge formula:

5+3+5.

Posterior half of the edge smooth. ‘ Fur” as in no. 1.

Specimen no. 5.—Figured by Bate in pl. xix.C. The

frontal margin forms a retreating angle, at the top of which

the rostral spines are situated. ‘The carapace, when seen in

profile, is strongly arched. Median line spine-formula:

i Be 2 eae Oe ele tae le Wh, 1

These spines are small. Lateral edge spine-formula :

10+5-+23, well-developed spines.

The smaller spines spread over the carapace are more sparsely

set than in nos, 1, 3,4, and 6. The first pleosomite carries

dorsally a well-developed hook, and the branchial ridge,

which is smooth in the other specimens, carries a row of

spines.

Specimen no. 6 resembles nos. 3 and 4. Median line and

lateral edge-formulas as in no. 4.

The conclusion I arrived at when examining the above

specimens is that they ought to be conceived as representatives

of four instead of one species, and I accordingly propose the

following names :—

1. Willemoesia leptodactyla, Willemoes-Suhm, repre-

sented by the type-specimen no. 1.

2, ——- secunda, sp. n., represented by specimen no. 2.

3. challengeri, sp. u., represented by specimens

nos. 3, 4, and 6.

4, pacifica, sp. n., represented by specimen uo. 5.

Stereomastis suhm?, Bate.

Bate’s figure (pl. xv. fig. 3) is not very good, the form of

the body being, in fact, not very different from S, nana,

S. sculpta, ete.

All the nine specimens, of sizes from 31 to 45 mm., were

taken at Stat. 311, and every one of them displays the same

median ridge spine-formula :

211221 © 2 (2) (2) 2.

Bate gives it somewhat differently, making the two inter-

mediary, small, double spines appear as single, both in the

224 Mr. O. Sund on

text and in the drawing, thus precluding the possibility of

referring any new finds to his species, as the genus Sterco-

mastts (sensu deeMan) is especially characterized by the

great constancy of the arrangement of the spinous armature.

Stereomastis auriculata, Bate.

The type (holotype) is a female, 49 mm. long. Length of

carapace=22, breadth 15, distance from cervical sulcus to

posterior edge 9 mm. Median ridge spine-formula :

2° A Ave? a eee

The two hindmost spines, designated by 2, are very large.

The lateral edge is armed with 5+3+4+7 spines. On the

gastral area is a row of four spines, on the branching point

of the cervical ridge one, and on the anterior branch one

spine. he branchial ridge carries eleven spines.

Polycheles helleri, Bate.

Stereomastis hellert, de Man, ‘ Siboga’ Monogr. 39 a 2.

The type (from Stat. 218, N. of New Guinea) is figured in

pl. xiv. fig. 2 and pl. xv. fig. 1. Especially the last-named

figure is quite misleading. The lateral edge carries 6+3+2

spines+a number of rudimentary ones in ifs posterior part.

‘There is a spine in the middle of the anterior branch of the

cervical ridge not shown in the figure (xiv. 2). Total length

AT, carapace 22 mm.

The other specimen (from Stat. 170, near Kermadec

Islands, N. of New Zealand) is certainly of a species distinct

from the type. The median ridge carries the same sequence

of large spines, but the spaces between these are occupied by

numerous small spinules set in single row. Along the lateral

edge are found 7+4+14 well-developed spines. On the

cervical ridge no spines are found. ‘otal length 32, length

of carapace 16, breadth 10°5 mm.

As the specimen from Stat. 170 seems to differ funda-

mentally from all other species described in several of the

characters mentioned above, it lias a claim to a naine of its

own, and I take the liberty of proposing for it the name

Stereomastis kermadecensts, sp. 0.

Pentacheles gracilis, Bate.

Polycheles gracilis, de Man, 1. c.

The single specimen (from Stat. 174, 19° 8’ S., 178° 20/ E.)

the * Challenger’ Evryonidea. 225

is a female 52 mm. long, carapace=25 mm., breadth 19°5 and

distance from cervical sulcus to posterior edge of carapace

12mm. The median spine-formula may be given thus:

the spines in the posterior part being mere tubercles. The

lateral’ edge is armed with 944414 spines. The branchial

ridge carries 30-32 small spines. There are no spines on the

gastral area and none on the cervical ridges. The figure

given by Bate is not particularly good.

Pentacheles levis, Bate.

Polycheles levis, de Man, J. ¢.

Two specimens are referred to this species. There is not

much evidence apart from the labels that they are the objects

referred to in Bate’s text and figures.

NOERUIOM a) .)s wate ete Conk 214 500

Thoealaty, oso. 4° 33’ N., 127° 6 E. 33° 42’S., 78° 18" W.

SBPOCIMCIU. Sacdiy ce esree « No. 1 (type). No. 2 (cotype).

Length of carapace... . 18 mm. 20 mm.

Potal length... es..2.-. 37 42

Do. in per cent. of cara-

EE) “Boovogoohaee 205 210

Breadth in do......... 74 70

Distance from cervical

to posterior edge of

carapace in do..... 46 46

Median ridge-formula of no. 1 :

Lateral edge-spines :

No. 1: 8+8+14, no. 2: 84+3+49

Bate gives the total length as “38 mm. (1°35 in.) and

“47 mm. (1°75 in.) ” respectively, and states that the dorsal

surface is unarmed save for the two rostral teeth and the two

single spines between these and the cervical sulcus. As will

be seen from the above formulas, the median ridge is in both

specimens armed in a way similar to P. debilis, Smith, and

P. armatus, Bouvier, and between the more prominent spines

the ridge is all along armed with a double row of small

tubercles (designated by a series of :::::: in the formule

above).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 15

226 On the ‘ Challenger’ Eryonidea.

Otherwise there are a number of well-marked differences

between the two specimens. The “fur” on the carapace is

much denser in the cotype, which also carries a definite row

of spines along the branchial ridge, wanting in the type.

The greatest difference is, however, found in the outline of the

front, the type resembling to acertain degree the figure given

by Bate (xv. 5, 2). But in the cotype the orbits are wide

and open in comparison to the narrow notches found in the

type. ‘They are angular and embrace an angle of about

90 degrees. The distance between the intra-orbital spine and

the antero-lateral is about equal to the distance between the

two intra-orbital spines. In the type the last-named distance

is by much the greater.

On the whole, I think it scarcely justified to refer both

specimens to one species; the cotype ought to be made the

type of a separate species, for which I take the liberty to

propose the name

Polycheles chilensis, sp. u.

Pentacheles euthrix, Willemoes-Suhm.

Polycheles euthrix, de Man, J. c.

Four specimens are mentioned in Bate’s text. Only two

are preserved to this day, one from Stat. 170 and one from

Stat. 173. They agree quite well also in matter of median

ridge-armature, which, however, is wrongly represented both

in the text and in the figures. It may be given thus :—

92 mand etek eet CO 2t ee rece ee ee re eee ere 2

@ © 16 le ce (e he_te.ce iv je 19,00) @) eke) te) 1e jane

The lateral edge is armed with 9+4+413 spines. The

gastral area carries only one spine, and there are no spines

on the branchial region.

Polycheles baccata, Bate.

The six specimens, all taken at Stat. 173, were of the

following sizes :—

No Total length Length of cara- Length in °/, of

in mm. pace in mm. carapace. Sos

ales 68 29 235 Male.

oe 50 22 227 -

3... 43 19 227 ae

Ake 72 30 240 Female.

5.. 41 18 227 ¥

Gn 4] 18 227

”

Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 227

XXVITI.—On the Genus Vrichodrilus, and on a British

Species of the Genus. By Frank E. Bepparp, D.Sc., F.R.S.

THROUGH the kindness of Sir 8. F. Harmer, K.B.E., F.R.S.,

I received in the middle of March a number of specimens of

an Oligocheetous Annelid in a living and quite active con-

dition. ‘These were sent to Sir S. F. Harmer by Mr. Charles

Candler ; and that gentleman lad received them from the

Rev. B. Barton, in a well in whose garden they occurred “in

enormous numbers.” The locality whence they were obtained

is Pulham St. Mary, Norfolk.

The general aspect of these worms was that of a Tub'ficid,

and they showed the same habit of collecting together into

balls, from the mass of which the tails of the individual worms

protruded and waved in the surrounding water. A more

careful examination, however, shdwed that the species was

not a Tubificid, but a Lumbriculid. Having ascertained this

much, it appeared to me that I should probably find them to

be identical with another Lumbriculid, found also in a well

and in a neighbouring county, and also forwarded to me by

Sir Sidney Harmer in the year 1908 *.

This latter worm was found in a well on the property of a

gentleman resident near Cambridge.

I was able to give some account of it in a communication

addressed to the Zoological Society of London, referred to

below, and to show that this worm from Cambridge was

undoubtedly a close ally of the species Phreatothrix pragensis,

described a good many years ago by Prof. Vejdovsky from a

well in the city of Prague. It appeared to me, however,

that the species from Cambridge should be assigned to anew

species, and this conclusion is accepted by Mr. Southern f.

There is no doubt, however, that the examples from Pulham

are not referable to the genus Fhreatothrix sensu stricto (I

reserve for the present a consideration of the definition of the

two genera concerned), but are clearly to be placed in the at

least nearly allied genus T’richodrilus. This will be apparent

in the ensuing description, which is based upon an examina-

* “A Note on the Occurrence of a Species of Phreatothriv (Vejdovsky)

in England, and on some Points in its Structure,” P. Z. 8. 1908, p. 365.

¥ “ Ueber Phreatothriz, eine neue Gattung der Limicolen (Hin Beitrag

zur Briinnenfauna von Prag),” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. Bd. xxvii. 1876,

. 641.

{ “Contributions towards a Monograph of the British and Irish

Oligocheeta,” Proc, R, Irish Acad. vol. xxvii. sect. B, no. 8, 1909, p. 119.

228 =Dr. F. BE. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus.

tion of the living worms, as well as upon sections through

the body of preserved individuals.

When living this species of Trichodrilus was remarkable

for its very active movements if touched. It is a slender

worm of rather under an inch to perhaps an inch and a half

in length, perhaps even longer. Its diameter is only half a

millimetre. The red blood-vessels are conspicuous, but the

thick covering of chloragogen cells upon the intestine renders

it difficult to study in the living condition under low powers

of the microscope.

Certain characters can, however, be ascertained by such an

examination. The colour, when the worm is seen in reflected

light, is a golden yellow, from which the bright red main

trunks of the vascular system stand out. Claparéde mentions

yellow as the colour of the only species of the genus described

by him*, viz. Trichodrilus allobrogum. I do not think that

this colour is due to pigmént, but rather to a reflection of the

effect of the chloragogen covering of the intestine. In any

case it is very conspicuous, but disappears when the worm is

viewed under the microscope with transmitted light.

The prostomium is long, rather more than twice the length

of the first segment of the body; it is bluntly pointed. It

agrees fairly well with the figure given by Claparédef. I

did not find any tactile processes standing out from the surface

of the prostomium, such as occur in Phreatothriz and are

referred to by Vejdovsky and myself; but it may be that

these processes had disappeared or been withdrawn when the

worms had been for some time in a dish and were, perhaps,

commencing to die.

The sete are strictly paired, slender and delicate, with

simply pointed free extremity—in fact, precisely like those of

the individuals examined by Claparéde. It was very rarely

that I observed “ soies de remplacement.” I could detect no

differences in character or size between dorsal and ventral

setee or between those of different segments.

Vascular System.—So far there is no reason to believe that

the specimens of Trichodrilus sent to me from Norfolk differ

from Claparéde’s species, J’. al/obrogum, found in Switzerland.

But an inspection of the trunks of the vascular system does

show differences, and those of some importance. Claparéde

figures branches of the dorsal vessel, of which there are five

or, occasionally, six in the posterior segments of the body.

* « Recherches Anatomiques sur les Oligochétes,” Mem. Soc. Phys. et

Hist. Nat. Genéve, t. xvi. pt. 2 (1862).

+ Loe. cit. pl. ui. fig. 15.

Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 229

These vessels, he states, join the dorsal vessel with the ventral.

Vejdovsky doubts the continuity of these transverse vessels

with the ventral vessel, and regards them as probably ending

blindly like the contractile appendages of Lumbriculus and

many other Lumbriculids. I could myself see nothing of the

kind in the live specimens examined by myself. It is true

that the chloragogen layer upon the dorsal vessel and the gut

is thick and opaque; but at least during the systole and

diastole of the dorsal vessel the inflow of the blood into that

vessel must have been visible were such vessels present. On

the other hand, I was able to note the generally diffused red

colour of the wall of the intestine, which is doubtless to be

regarded as the expression of a blood-sinus round the gut.

This is to be contrasted with the network of non-contractile

capillaries which I found upon the wall of the gut in Phrea-

tothrix cantabrigiensis, in which species also the blind

appendages of the dorsal vessel were not to be seen. These

species, however, are not unique among the Lumbriculide, by

reason of the absence of these undoubtedly highly charac-

teristic vascular appendages. Were they so, I should have

asserted their absence in the worms just mentioned with

greater hesitation.

In Claparedilla asiatica *, a genus later transferred to the

older genus Bythonomus of Grube by the same author J,

Michaelsen has gone at some length into the proof of the

absence of cecal vascular appendages of the dorsal blood-

vessel, and has convinced himself that they are actually

absent. With less certainty, perhaps, Michaelsen has alsa

come to the conclusion that while some species of his genus

Lamprodrilus have these appendages others have them not f.

That I myself was not able to detect them in transverse or

longitudinal sections of preserved examples of Trichodrilus

would of itself be dangerous evidence perhaps; I dwell

rather upon their invisibility in the living worm with con-

tracting dorsal vessel. I have not myself examined these

vessels in any Lumbriculid, where they undoubtedly occur,

by the section method§. But Michaelsen records a good

many such observations, and is thus able to speak more

positively upon their absence in others. In both Stylodrilus

and Sty/oscolez there is a similar absence of blind appendages.

* “Oligocheten der zoologischen Museen zu St. Petersburg und Kiew,”

Bull. Ac. Imp. Sciences St. Petersh. (5) xv. 1901, p. 181.

+ ‘Die Oligocheten des Baikal-Sees,” in Wiss. Ergebn. Zool. Exp.

Baikal-See, Kiew und Berlin, 1905.

} Lird, p. 49 for L. pygmeus and p. 51 for L. isoporus Ke.

§ Except in Sutroa (Trans. R. Soc. Ed. 1892, p. 195); but have no

note on the subject to refer to.

230 3=©6odDr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus.

The vephridia of Trichodrilus allobrogum are described by

Claparéde; but my own observations upon this British

species do not agree in many particulars with his. I rely

entirely, as to this part of the anatomy of the worm, upon

longitudinal sections ; I was unable to make any trustworthy

observations upon the living worm by reason of its opacity.

Claparéde remarks—and I am in agreement with him—

that the nephridia are absent in the first six segments of the

worm. He found these organs in the vith and vitith seg-

meuts, but asserted their absence thereafter until the xrrth,

where they again begin, and continue in following segments.

There is, I think, no doubt about the fact that, as in Phreato-

thrix, according to both Vejdovsky * and myself, the pairs

of nephridia are not necessarily limited to one segment. In

the present species the first pair lie in VI1., but extend also

through VIII., 1X., and a part of segment x. This was very

plain in my sections, and the continuance of the tube through

the septa quite clearly to be made out. I did not see the

funnel, which no doubt lies in segment vi., but I found the

duct leading to the external pore upon segment vil. In

segment XI. I could find no nephridia at all ; but in segment

xu. and the following these organs were again present. I

am not certain whether the difference between the species

described by myself here and that of Claparéde, as is to be

inferred from his deserip'ion, is a real one; for recently

Bretcher, in an account of Bicheta sanguineat, which species

Piguet considers to be referable to the genus Trichodrilus §,

has mentioned that the nephridium of segment VII. traverses

also segment Vil. Nor can it be considered that the exten-

sion of this nephridium settles the identity of the genera

Trichodrilus and Phreatothrix (which Michaelsen would join)

on account of the conditions observable in other genera of

the family.

In Stylodrilus vejdovskyt Benham | describes the first pair

of nephridia as extending through segments VIH.—X. in pre-

cisely the same way as has been referred to above,

In Lumbriculus variegatus Mrazek {| found that a single

* System, u. Morph. d. Oligoch. Taf. xi. fig. 18.

+ Proc. Zool. Soc. tom. ert.

{ “Siid-schweitzerische Oligocheten,” Rev. Suisse Zool. viii. 1900,

. 444,

§ “ Notes sur les Oligochétes,” Rey. Suisse Zool. xxi. 1918, p. 141.

| “Notes on some Aquatic Oligocheta,” Quart. J. Micr. Sci. (n. s.)

xxxiii. p. 211. ;

¢ “Beitrige zur Naturgeschichte von Lumbriculus,” SB. k. Bohm.

(ses. 1913.

Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus, 231

nephridium may also occupy three segments, but considers

that he is here recording an abnormality*. Furthermore,

both Vejdovsky and Benham find in the genera Phreatothri«

and Stylodrilus a similar state of affairs in the second pair of

nephridia which traverse segments XIII.—XV. or ( Phreatothria)

XIv.-xx1. I am not quite certain how far I can agree with

those authors from my examination of my species of T?richo-

drilus. The nephridial tubules in segments x11. &c. un-

doubtedly come into very close contact at the intersegmental

septa; but I should not like to allege positively that they

form part of one nephridium extending through these segments.

In Vejdovsky’s figure of the two first nephridia of Phreato-

thrix T the complex nephridia, if they are really formed by

fusion of the pairs belonging to the several segments through

which they pass, are represented as very simple in character ;

they consist of simply two tubes running side by side. This

simplicity is also to be seen in Stylodrilus. In my species,

on the other hand, the coils of the nephridium are much more

numerous, and a considerable thickness of nephridial “ tissue ”’

is thus to be seen in each segment. I take it that there is

here a resemblance to Teleuscolex korotnewi as seen by

Michaelsen tf.

As to the reproductive organs, none of the specimens

appeared to be fully mature § when examined with a hand-

lens. The clitellum could not be detected, and the only.

external sign of maturity was the whitish appearance of the

two or three segments in a region just posterior to the male

pores, and which seems to be due to ripe ova. I therefore

did not preserve many examples for the elucidation of these

organs, but studied them in the living condition for the sake

of other organs, after which they were not in a very fit state

for fixing and hardening. Fortunately, however, I kept three

examples, in all of which the sexual organs were quite well

developed, and, indeed, tending perhaps towards degenera-

tion ; for while the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth sey-

ments contained a few ripe ova and the sperm-sacs were

obvious, the funnels of the sperm-ducts were, perhaps, rather

* Claparéde had already mentioned this fact in a worm erroneously sup-

posed to be Lumbriculus variegatus of Grube in his account of that worm

(in Mém, Phys. Genéve, ¢.c.). The genus, however, to which Claparéde’s

observations referred is now named Claparedilla (to be merged in Bytho-

nomus?).

+ Syst. u. Morph, Olig. Taf. xi. fig. 18.

} Bull. Ac. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 1901, p. 169.

§ According to Ditlevsen (referred to later) Triehodrilus allobrogum is

fully maturein July. This difference of season may be a valid distinction

from the present species.

232 Dr. F. BH. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus.

reduced in size, though still plain enough for the purposes of

identification as such,

The numbers and position of the spermathecz were those

of Trichodrilus as opposed to Phreatothrix, for there were two

distinct pairs of the spermathece of quite equal size in

segments XI., XII., instead of two spermathecz only—those

of the anterior pair,—together with a smaller pair belonging

to posterior set. But it will be remembered that in my

species Phreatothrix cantabrigiensis there was no trace of the

second (posterior) pair. Doubtless this is not a strong reason

for separating the two supposed genera; but it is a reason,

among others, for proving the difference between the two

subterranean worms of East Anglia, which would certainly

have been expected to be of the same species.

The spermathece, like those of other Lumbrieulids, consist

of a thin-walled sac and a thicker-walled duct. The sac has

a lining composed of a single layer of cells. This is covered

by a delicate peritoneal layer also one cell thick. I could

deteet no muscle-fibres between the two layers. The general

form of the sac is oval, but varies a little. There is nothing

in any way remarkable about their form. Spermatozoa, not

aggregated into bundles, were to be seen lying loosely but

closely in the sacs. The ducts of the organs are very narrow

and fully one-third of the length of the sac or rather more,

and either straight or twisted in their course to the exterior.

The muscular wall of circular fibres is relatively thick. The

openings are posterior in the eleventh and twelfth segments

on a level with, and occupying a similar position to, the atria}

pores, or very nearly so.

There are two pairs of testes in segments IX., X., close to

the nerve-cord. ‘They are flattened dorso-ventrally and not

very wide. They extend through perhaps a length of half

the segment.

The ovaries correspond exactly in position to the testes and

lie in segment XI. They are, however, different in shape,

being pear-shaped and much larger.

T have found sperm-sacs in one or other of the two specimens

which [ have investigated by longitudinal sections in segments

X.-XIII. inclusive. There are also sperm-saes in segment

vill., and, like those of Aurantina aurantiaca *, are attached

to the wall dividing vi1I./IX., and depend into segment VIII.

The egq-sacs are in segments XIII., XIV., XV., XVI.

* Pierantoni, ‘‘ Oligocheti del Fiume Sarno,” Archiy. Zoolog. Napoli,

1905, vol. ii. fase, 2, p. 282, tay. xiv. figs. 4, 6, ssp.

Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 233

Whether they extend further than this Ido not know. They

contained large ripe ova with the usual abundant yolk.

The sperm-ducts are in segments IX., X., XI., and open on

each side by the atrium on to the tenth segment. ‘he

funnels are in the ninth segment and the tenth, and are much

as figured and described by Claparéde in this, and, by him

and others, in other Lumbriculids allied to Zrichodrilus. The

funnels were, as is usual, conspicuous owing to the bundle of

spermatozoa caught up by the ciliated mouth of each. ‘The

main part of the posterior pair of sperm-ducts forms a coil in

the eleventh segment close to the anterior wall of that segment.

I did not observe the actual openings of the sperm-ducts into

the atrium with absolute certainty. The funnels, instead of

being flattened over the septum and plate-shaped, are cup-

shaped, as Hesse (quoted below) figures in Lumbriculus *.

The atrium is generally as recorded by Claparéde ft. It is

noteworthy for the very thick circular muscle-layer figured by

that author, and subsequently by Ditlevsen $ and Piguet §.

Its duct to the exterior is narrow and projects as a penis into

an ingrowth of the epidermis, forming a small circular cavity.

This is not indicated by Claparéde. As I point out later, the

characters of the atrium may distinguish this genus from

Phreatothrix. Hesse||, and, later, Mrazek have given

figures of the atrium ot Lumbriculus, and the first-named has

compared it with that of Claparedilla, Rhynchelmis, Stylo-

drilus, and Trichodrilus, remarking that these forms have

always glandular cells outside of the atrium, but never

muscle-layers as in Lumbriculus. This in spite of Claparéde’s

figure reterred to by him. However, Hesse appears to be

correct in his statements of the other genera mentioned in

his list, admittedly taken from the writings of others **. It

* Or perhaps they would be better described as funnel-shaped. Miss

Dixon (Tubifex, Livy. Mar. Biol. Comm. Memoirs, xxiii., London, 1915)

remarks (p. 58, cf. pl. iv. figs. 17, 18) that the funnels of Tudifer are

cup-shaped in the more immature worm, and more expanded later.

t Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, ¢. ¢. pl. iii. fig. 6. Claparéde does not

indicate the lining epithelium of the atrium.

J “Studien an Oligochaten,” Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. Bd. lxxvii. 1904,

p. 441, Taf. xvii. fig. 49.

§ Rev. Zool. Suisse, ¢. c. woodcut, p. 141.

| “Die Geschlechtsorgane von Lumbriculus variegatus, Grube,”

Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. Bd. lviii. 1894, p. 355 (also published as Bd. i. no. 1

of ‘Tubinger Zoologische Arbeiten’).

4] ‘“‘ Die Geschlechtsverhiiltnisse und die Geschlechtsorgane von Lum-

briculus variegatus, Gr.,” Zool. Jahrb. Bd. xxxiii. 1906, p. 881.

** More lately Michaelsen has figured (Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb., Sept. 1901,

pl. xi. fig. 19) a circular muscle-layer in Rhynchelmis brachycephala.

934 Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus.

would appear, therefore, that the presence of a muscular

layer is of some systematic importance in 7’richodrilus. There

is, however, undoubtedly, in the latter at least, no such thick

layer of longitudinal fibres as Hesse has figured * in Lum-

briculus. I have been unable to see any longitudinal layer at

all, nor is it shown in Ditlevsen’s figure; but if there be

one present, it can hardly consist of more than a single layer

of fibres. The figures of Hesse are borne out by those of

Mrazek fT.

The oviducts were not seen by Claparéde, who located

them as probably lying in segment IxX., by reason of the fact

that this segment contained (as he thought) no nephridium,

its place, on the older theory of the correspondence between

nephridia and gonad ducts, being taken by the oviduct. As

a matter of fact, the ninth segment in the species described

here does contain a part of the anterior complex nephridium.

The oviduct, as might be expected, opens into segment XI.,

and opens on to the exterior between this segment and the

following one. Its outline is not that of a funnel with a very

short stalk, as this organ is apt to be depicted ; in longitudinal

section it has the outline of a lyre, the edges above being

recurved and the cavity widest some way below this edge,

which is the actual funnel. The duct narrows.

The above account of this worm may be summed up as

follows:—Length 25 mm. and upwards ; diameter ‘5 mm. or

less. A thin, slender, and active worm. Prostomium

conical, with no special tentacle-like prolongation at apex, in

length rather greater than breadth of first segment. Colour

golden-yellow. Sete: slender and simply pointed; closely

paired, rarely with reserve sete. No vascular appendages of

dorsal vessel; intestine surrounded by sinus, and not network

of blood-vessels. Chloragogen layer of intestine begins in VI.

First pair of nephridia lie in segments VII.—X. inclusive, open

on to VII. with funnel in VI.; no nephridia in XI, but occur

in XII. and onwards. Nephridia forming coils several tubules

wide. TestesinIx.,X.; funnels of vasa deferentia in Ix. and

x.; atrium with thick muscular walls of circularly running

fibres, lined by anepithelium of small cells and covered by large

pear-shaped cells externally; narrows into a muscular duct

which projects into external depression at orifice on X. Sperm-

sacs in VIII.—-XU., those of first pair rising from septum VIII./TX.,

and thus directed forwards. Ovaries in xt. Oviducts with

long dilated tube opening on to x1./xi1, Hgg-sacs from XII.

or XIV. to third segment or more (?) from this.

* Loe. cit. Taf. xxii. fig. 4. .

+ Loe. cit., several woodcuts on pp. 481, 482, 483, 435, &e.

Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 235

I term this species, if it be accepted as undescribed, Tiicho-

drilus icenorum, after the plan of nomenclature initiated for

the genus by Claparéle.

To determine whether this subterranean species is or is not

identical with Trichodrilus allobrogum of Claparéde is very

difficult on account of the incomplete description given by

that naturalist. I do not find it possible to come to any con-

clusions as to differences in the form of the spermatheca and

atria in the two forms. It would seem, however, that the

vascular and excretory systems do offer differential characters.

I do not think that there is room for error in the quite

diverse descriptions given above of the appendages of the

dorsal vessel which were lacking in the examples of this

Trichodrilus examined by myself, and are fully figured and

described by Claparéde. Furthermore, that author is detailed

in his account of the nephridia of the early segments of thie

body, and his descriptions differ from what I have seen

myself; the doubts, therefore, which I have expressed above

may be unnecessary. The slender looping of the nephridia

in the Swiss species seems also to be different from the

closely packed and rather numerous coils which I found in

the nephridia of the worm from Norfolk.

There can be, as I think, no doubt that both Bretscher *

and Piguet f are right in distinguishing Trichodrilus san-

guineus as a species different from that of Claparéde. Nor

can I identify it with the form described here by myself.

The possession of only one pair of spermathece seems to bea

sufficient mark of specific distinctness. Moreover, this form

is a smaller one, measuring only up to 13 mm. as compared

with 14-25 mm.

This leads at once to the question of the identity or

non-identity of the genera Trzchodrilus and Phreatothriz, for

the main difference between the two genera, according to

Vejdovsky f, is the presence of two pairs of spermathece in

the former genus, while Phreatothrix has only one pair

of these organs in the eleventh segment, the second pair

disappearing at maturity. This latter statement does not,

however, apply to the species which I found myself in water

from a well at Cambridge. In this species§ there was but

one pair of the organs, and no trace of the smaller pair of

Phreatothrix pragensis. Vejdovsky is doubtless correct in

noting a protrusible penis in Phreatothriz; but is it so clear

* Rey. Suisse Zool. vol. viii. p. 444.

+ Loe. cit. vol. xxi. p. 141.

{ Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. ¢. c.

§ Proc. Zool. Soe. 4 c.

236 Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus.

that he is right in denying one to Trichodrilus? It is true

that Claparéde, as Vejdovsky says, neither mentions nor

figures such ; but, though present and obviously protrusible

in my Trichodrilus icenorum, it is not vexy conspicuous, and

would probably be overlooked in examples studied without

the aid of microscopic sections. My species, in addition to

the penis, has two pairs of spermathecee, and thus would be

intermediate between the two genera. A possible difference

is not referred to by Vejdovsky, and that is the thick

muscular walls of the atrium figured by Claparéde and the

much thinner atrial walls figured by himself in Phreatothriz.

T have no notes as to the state of affairs in Phreatothriz

cantabrigiensis, but I have already referred to this matter

above, and may here point out that Piguet * figures such an

atrium in Trichodrilus sanguineus, which, on account of its

single pair of spermathecee “should be” a Phreatothriz. I

am disposed to follow Michaelsen in fusing these two genera.

Note on a possibly second British Species of Trichodrilus.

A third example of Trichodrilus, which I examined by

longitudinal sections, was not put aside by me as a probably

second species of the genus; but on microscopical study it

shows certain differences from those upon which the above

account of Trichodrilus icenorum was mainly based.

As I am unable to give more than an account of the repro-

ductive system, I hesitate—for reasons which will be explained

—to refer it definitely to a second species, and therefore do

not give it a name.

Inasmuch as this worm has two pairs of testes in IX., x.,

one pair of ovaries in XI., sperm-duct funnels in Ix., X.

opening into an atrium which itself opens on to the exterior

in segment X., an oviduct funnel in XI. opening on to the

segmental border-line X1./xII., two pairs of spermathecz

lying in X1., XII., and, finally, that it was found with others

showing.exactly the same characters and described above, it

would seem impossible to create for it a new species.

Nevertheless, the atrium and sperm-ducts show marked

differences from those of the type-specimens of Zrichodrilus

deenorum, which are as follows :—The atrium consists, as in

the others, of a nearly spherical sac communicating with the

exterior by a much narrower duct. It has a wall, which is,

however, very much thinner than that of the others, though

it is composed of precisely the same layers. It is lined by

* Rey. Zool, Suisse, @. c.

Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus. 237

a layer of cells, around which are disposed muscular fibres

running in a circular direction; the outer layer is again

cellular. But the characters of these layers are totally

different—at any rate, of the outermost and innermost. The

middle muscular layer is simply much thinner. That there

is an outer layer at all is not obvious at first sight; the pear-

shaped cells, closely pressed together, of the typical Zricho-

drilus (as shown in the figures of Claparéde and Ditlevsen

and in my own sections) are replaced by a scanty layer of

cells, whose nuclei are visible, but at some distance from each

other. The cells are clearly flattened and few. So, too,

with the lining epithelium of the atrium. The general aspect

in fact of this organ is that of the “normal” atrium greatly

dilated, and its various layers therefore flattened through

pressure and extension. ‘This may, of course, be the actual

fact ; but in the first place the difference of diameter may be

slightly, but is not greatly, in excess of that of the examples

reported upon above, and the sac is not gorged with sperm,

which might have been the cause of its dilation. The sperm

may, however, have escaped to the exterior or to another

individual. A nearly exactly similar difference in two indi-

viduals of Lumbriculus is figured by Mrazek *.

Be this as it may, the condition of the sperin-ducts show

another kind of difference from those of the typical Tricho-

drilus icenorum. They were particularly easy to study on

account of their large size, which was not the case with

those of the other examples of the genus which I have

described in the present communication.

The great increase of size was particularly marked in the

case of the anterior pair, in the middle of the course of which

the diameter of the duct was dilated to a width not very far

from that of the atrial cavity. A long piece of the sperm-

duct was thus inereased.

This increase of size of the sperm-ducts and of the cavity

of the atrium has brought it about that the entry of the

former into the latter is quite clear. They enter at opposite

sides—anterior and posterior—and at about the middle of the

atrium. It is not a question here of the dilation of the

sperm-ducts owing to pressure—at any rate, pressure which

has thinned and flattened out the walls. For the cellular

walls of the sperm-duct (surrounded, of course, by a flattened

peritoneal layer) are actually thicker than is the case with

the sperm-ducts of the individuals described above. I have

noted, indeed, that in some regions the whole sperm-duct of

* Zool. Jahrb. xxiii. 1906, fig. F, p. 430, and fig. M, p. 440.

238 Dr. F. E. Beddard on the Genus Trichodrilus.

the typical individuals was not wider than one cellular wall

of the sperm-duct of the individual now under consideration.

This fact alone does not render impossible the view that the

difference shown in the individuals is really due to distention ;

for if the sperm-duct lumen is intercellular, it would mean

simply a pushing out of the cells by their inclosed contents,

and no necessary alteration in the epithelium itself. The

case obviously becomes different, however, if the sperm-duct

has an intracellular lumen. In the present specimen there

would seem to be every probability that for some distance

after the funnel the lumen is intercellular, since the nuclei in

the walls of the ducts are fairly closely arranged in the walls

of the tube side by side. But later on this is not the case,

and I have observed transverse sections of a piece of tube

with but one nucleus therein, and pieces of longitudinal

section with very few nuclei. ‘This means at least fewer and

larger ceils to the wall, if it does not prove an intracellular

duct.

In this region it is to be noted that there is no perceptible

dilation of the tube, which is therefore really larger than in

the specimen described above.

I may take this opportunity of observing that the distinction

between an intracellular and an intercellular duct is not

perhaps of great importance; but it is, after all, an anatomical

difference between the nephridia of the Oligocheta and the

sperm-ducts of the great majority of those worms. It is thus

worth pointing out in the present instance as a character of

the genus Trichodrilus, for the observations which I have

made upon the example which I now refer to are confirmed

by a re-examination of the other specimens of the genus

dealt with in the present paper. Undoubtedly intracellular

sperm-ducts only occur among the “ Limicoline” Oligocheta,

and are not commonly met with. Benham * has given ample

reasons for thinking that the sperm-ducts in his Phreoryctes

heterogyne are of such a character. More to the immediate

point are Mrazek’s figures of Lumbriculus t where the atrial

* “On a new Species of the Genus Haplotaris, with some Remarks on

the Genital Ducts in the Oligocheta,’ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. (n. s.)

xlviii. 1904, p. 304.

+ Zool. Jahrb. ¢.c. p. 435, figs. J1, J2. See especially the latter

figure for the atrial part of the sperm-duct. In Tubifex, according to

Miss Dixon (Joc. cit. pl. iv. figs. 18 A, 19 A, B), the sperm-duct also seems

to become intracellular. But Gatenby (Quart. J. Micr. Sci. (n. 8.) 1xi.

p- 320 &c.) describes and figures the duct (pl. xxiv. fig. 17 E) as inter-

cellular.

On new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 239

end of the sperm-duct seems to be represented in his figures

as with an intracellular duct, while the region immediately

succeeding the sperm-duct funnel would appear to possess an

undoubtedly intercellular duct. This condition, it is to be

noted, is precisely that of Zrichodrilus.

Although, on the above analysis, it would seem that the

differences between the two sets of individuals does not affect

characters of importance, it is clear to anyone examining the

actual structures concerned that a line can easily be drawn

between them. Such as it is, I have attempted to put the

difference into words. A glance, however, at the sections

themselves renders impossible any confusion between the two

varieties ; I may remark, without further detail, that this

also applies to the spermathece. I cannot, however, find

other reasons for dividing the British Trichodrilus into two

species ; nor, on the other hand, am I in a position to assert

that such do not exist. It is just possible, but not likely,

that the last-described specimen was not so carefully examined

by me when alive ; it may therefore possess, for instance, the

vascular appendages of the dorsal vessel which I found

wanting in all the examples which I did examine. Nor can

I see any reason for explaining the differences in the sperm-

duct as positively due to distention, or to immaturity or

degeneration. But the fact that a similar variation occurs in

the atrium of Lumbriculus, so nearly allied a genus, makes

me unwilling to Jay undue stress upon the varying sperm-

duct of the present species, although I cannot recollect an

analogous case*. I prefer—at any rate, for the present—to

leave the matter of the specific identity or non-identity of the

series of examples described here as uncertain.

XXIX.— Three new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia.

By Martin A. C. HINTON.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THAT famous collector Captain Guy C. Shortridge was

attached for some considerable time to the air-station at

N’dola, in Northern Rhodesia. As was to be expected,

he made very good use of his opportunity, and his large

collection of mammals has now arrived in the Museum. A

* At any rate, a strictly analogous case. It will be recollected that in

Sutroa (Beddard, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. ¢.c.) one of the two pairs of

sperm-ducts has a distinctly less calibre than the second,

240 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

full account of this collection will be published later, but

meanwhile it is deemed advisable to publish descriptions of

the following three new species :—

Mimetillus thomasi, sp. n.

Type.—An adult female, collected at N’dola on Ost. 4,

1919 ; original number 481.

This interesting bat, represented by a single specimen, is

distinguished from its West-African relative, M/. moloneyt,

chiefly by its larger size, duller colour, and still flatter skull.

General outward appearance and all the essential characters

of the genus as in moloneyt. Size larger, the forearm mea-

suring 31 instead of 27-29 mm. Third digit of wing relatively

a little longer, its total length equalling 165 °/, (instead of

146-159 °/,) of the length of the forearm. Fur on back

slightly longer. General colour, above and below, dark

brown, deepening almost to black on head, dull, lacking both

the gloss and the deep chestnut tinge seen in moloneyt,

Skull considerably larger (condyle to canine 14:1, instead

of 13 mm.), with the characteristic depression and flattening

of the brain-case even more pronounced than in moloneyi ;

interorbital region relatively broader. Dentition without

especial peculiarities.

External measurements (taken in flesh by collector).—Head and body

56 mm.; tail 38; hind foot 7:5; ear 13.

Measurements of wing (made on skin).—Forearm 31; third digit, total

length 51, its metacarpal and phalanges 1 and 2 being respectively 32:5,

9, and 9°5; fifth digit 36, its metacarpal 29:5. Revilliod’s index of

width 49.

Skull.— Extreme length 14'6 ; condyle to canine 14:1; canine to m? 5:2;

width of brain-case in mastoid region 9°5; median occipital depth 4°7 ;

interorbital breadth 6°3; breadth across preorbital swellings 8; width

across outer borders of m°-m’* 7°8.

Mimetillus moloneyi was originally described from Lagos

by Mr. Thomas. Many specimens were collected subse-

quently in Fernando Po; and we have lately received an

example from Sierra Leone, collected by Mr. Willoughby

P. Lowe. Hitherto no representative of the genus has been

found inland or away from the West-African coast. Captain

Shortridge’s discovery in Rhodesia is therefore of considerable

interest. I have great pleasure in naming the second species

of this genus in honour of Mr. Oldfield Thomas, to whom I

am indebted in so many ways.

Kerivoula lucia, sp. n.

Type—An adult male collected at N’dola on Sept. 26,

1919; original number 472. No other specimen seen.

new Mammals from Northern Ihodesia. 241

This species closely resembles A. lanosa in general appear-

ance, but it is distinguished by its rather smaller size, smaller

and less hairy ears, greyer colour, and by some characters of

the skull.

Size small, forearm 30°5 mm. Fur on body and top of

head very long, dense, and woolly, closely resembling that of

lunosa in quality. Cheeks in front of ears nearly naked.

Ears very sparingly haired on outer surface, nearly naked

within. Forearm, thumb, and outer edge of dorsal surface

of wing clothed with tufts of hair ; upper surface of tibia,

hind foot, and tail similarly clothed. ‘Tuterfemoral membrane

with tufts of hair along the veins on dorsal surface, similar

but smaller tufts of hair on ventral surface ; with a well-

developed posterior fringe. ars smaller than in danosa, with

a somewhat deeper, though narrower, lateral emargination

towards the tip; tragus normal.

General colour of back between “sepia” and “ dusky

drab,” passing to a light grey on top of head and muzzle.

Dorsal hairs with slaty bases, mostly with long yellowish-

brown tips; in many the tips are silvery, and these silver

tips produce a quite conspicuous “lining” on the back and

rump. Under surface silvery grey, darkened irregularly by

the partly visible slaty bases of the hairs. Hairs on forearm,

wings, legs, tail, and the upper surface of the interfemoral

membrane yellowish ; those on the ventral surface of the

membrane are silver.

Skull about as large as that of A. lanosa, from which it is

distinguished by its relatively narrower brain-case, more

boldly convex frontal region, narrower rostrum, and more

nearly parallel tooth-rows, the width between the outer borders

of the last molars markedly less in proportion to the width

across the canines. Dentition not essentially different. Outer

upper incisor about three-fourths the height of inner incisor,

rather stouter than the latter in cross-section, and with a well-

developed internal basal cusp. Inner incisor with a posterior

secondary cusp, the summit of which is a little less lofty than

the outer incisor. Middle upper premolar smaller in cross-

section than the anterior premolar.

Collector’s measurements (taken on the flesh).—Head and body 39 mm. ;

tail 40; hind foot 6; ear 12.

Wing-measurements (from skin).—Forearm 30°5; third digit, total

length 66, its metacarpal and phalanges 1 and 2 being respectively 32,

16, “and 18; fifth digit 46°5, the metacarpal and phalanges being 30°5, 9,

and 7°85.

Skull measurements (those of 7.1.1. 538, a cotype of danosa, being

added in parentheses for comparison).—Greatest length 15 (15-4); con-

dyle to canine 11°5 (11'S); canine to m* 5:1 (5°2); width across canines

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, vi. 16

242 On new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia.

3 (3:2) ; width across outer-borders of m—m* 5:1 (5:5); zygomatic breadth

7°7 (79); interorbital breadth 3 (8) ; width of brain-case 6°6 (7:1).

This pretty little bat is named in honour of Miss Wilson,

to whom I am indebted for much intelligent assistance.

Zelotomys shortridget, sp. n.

Type.—An adult female collected at N’dola on June 30,

1919; original number 336. Five other specimens (3, 47,

301, 392; 2,48, 248) examined.

This is a pallid species, differing widely in colour from

hildegardece and instans, the two species hitherto known, with

a skull of somewhat intermediate form.

Size about as in the other species. Fur as long as in

hildegardee. General colour above near buffy brown, the

middle line of back not specially darkened ; flanks lighter

greyish or yellowish brown. Under surface dirty white, the

ventral hairs usually with slaty bases ; but-in one specimen

(248, old ¢) these hairs are white to the roots. General

ventral colour extending to lower cheeks and upper lip, but,

owing to the relatively pallid dorsal colour, these parts are

not so conspicuously contrasted with the rest of the face as in

hildegardee. Hands and feet dirty white. Tail almost naked,

dirty white in colour; the short stiff hairs, which form its

sparse clothing, pure white. Mamme 3—2=10, as in the

other species.

Skull agreeing in size and general form with those of the

previously described species; as in hildegardee, the greatest

zygomatic breadth is behind the level of m’, not in the centre

of the arches as in zmstans. Bullee decidedly smaller than in

either of the other species. Cheek-teeth and incisors as heavy

and robust as in instans, but upper incisors are not thrown

quite so much forwards.

Collector’s measurements of type (and those of 9 248 in parentheses).

—Head and body 134 (137) mm. ; tail 96 (105); hind foot 22 (22); ear

16 (16). The hind-foot measurement in females uniformly 22, but in

the males (with head and body ranging between 120 and 127) it varies

between 22°5 and 24°5.

Skull of type and no. 248 (in parentheses).—Condylo-basal length

30°7 (82°6) ; condylo-incisive length 31 (32-7); dental length 17-2 (17°1);

diastema 8'7 (92); cheek-teeth on crowns 5:6 (4°8, but worn to stumps) ;

zygomatic breadth 18 (18-2) ; interorbital breadth 4°5 (4:8); breadth of

brain-case at glenoid region 13:2 (18°38),

This is a very well-marked species, which may be fittingly

associated with the name of its discoverer, Capt. Guy C.

Shortridge.

On a new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman. 243

XXX.—A new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Cienomys occultus, sp. 0.

A small species nearly allied to C. juris.

Size rather less than in jurds. Colour rather a warmer

tinge of brown, more as in C. bergi and latro; upper surface

glossy cinnamon-brown with some vague darkening on the

crown, but without a definite blackish forehead. Under

surface broadly washed with pale drabby, the chin and throat

stronger drabby ; some specimens are more whitish below,

while among the examples of juris some are inclined to be

drabby ; but on the average occuléus is decidedly more

drabby, especially anteriorly, than juris.

Skull agreeing with that of juris in its small bullee, proodont

incisors, and the presence of a small sharp-edged ledge pro-

jecting over the orbital fosse, the notch in front of these

ledges shorter, sharper, and more abruptly cut out than in

other species. Bulle slightly larger than those of jurvs,

though agreeing essentially with them; in berg: and fochi

they are decidedly larger than in either. Zygomata widely

spaced, their middle region markedly more convex’ outwards

than in juris. Palatal foramina with the small median ad-

ditional foramen just in front of them much smaller and

less conspicuous—indeed, hardly perceptible in some speci-

mens. Paiation level with the middle of m?. Bulle averaging

slightly larger than in juris, though agreeing essentially with

them.

Incisors rather proodont, index about 102°-104°, Molars

smaller than those of C. juris. -

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 138 mm. ; tail 55 ; hind foot 26°5.

Skull: median length 38°7 ; condylo-incisive length 37°8 ;

zygomatic breadth 252 ; nasals 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 8°7 ;

least breadth across brain-case 16°5; bi-meatal breadth 24 ;

palatilar length 17:7. Upper tooth-series (crowns) 7:2;

diagonal diameter of p* 3; breadth across outer crowns of

78.

i Hab, Southern part of Tucuman Province. ‘Type and

three other specimens from Monteagudo, about 80 km. S.E.

of Tucuman City; one specimen fram La Madrid, 15 km.

further in the same direction.

244 Dr. W. T. Calman on Pycnogonida

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 7.6.8. Original

number 5884. Collected 11th May, 1917, by L. M. Dinelli.

Although undoubtedly very closely allied to C. juris of

Jujuy, this tuco-tuco differs from it by so many little cha-

racters that it seems to deserve a special name. ‘The rather

larger but still allied species C. latro occurs between the two.

XXXI.—On a Collection of Pycnogonida from the South

Orkney Islands. By WoT. CALMAN, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

‘HE Museum has recently received from Mr, A. G. Bennett

a small collection of Pyenogonida dredged in shallow water

at the South Orkney Islands. Among other specimens of

interest it includes an example of the remarkable Decolopoda

antarctica, hitherto known only by the single individual

described fifteen years ago by Prof. Bouvier.

Decolopoda antarctiea, Bouvier.

Colossendeis antarctica, Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xi. 1905,

p- 295. 4

Decalopoda antarctica, Bouvier, C. R. Acad. Sci. exlii. 1906, p. 17.

Decolopoda antarctica, Bouvier, “ Pycnogonides du ‘ Frangais,’ ” Exped.

Antarct. Frang. (1903-1905) 1906, p. 21, pl. i, pl. ii. figs. 1-5, text-

figs. 1 & 2.

Locality.—Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; one female.

Remarks——The specimen hardly differs in size from

Bouvier’s holotype (also a female), and, except as regards

the palps, it agrees very closely with his description and

figures. Bouvier states that the palps consist of eight

segments, while those of J). australis consist of nine, excluding

in both cases the basal prominence. In the present specimen

the palp of the left side has eight segments and the terminal

one is rounded at the tip and only a little more slender than

the preceding. The right palp, however, has ten segments,

and the terminal one is slender, curved, and claw-like. It

may be assumed that this right palp is abnormal, possibly as

a result of regeneration following injury ; but I know of no

other case of abnormality in this group in which the number

of segments is greater than the normal.

The assumption of a claw-like form by the terminal segment

may, perhaps, be regatded as a case of homeeosis, since,

from the South Orkney Islands. 245

although no Pycnogonid has normally a claw on the palp, all

the appendages posterior to it may end in claws.

I am unable to perceive any difference between this species

and D. australis in the form of the female genital openings

(cf. Bouvier, Pyenog. ‘ Pourquoi Pas,’ 1913, p. 50).

Palps of Decolopoda antarctica. A, left; B, right.

Decolopoda antaretica was obtained by the ‘ Frangais’ at

Port Charcot, Booth Wandel Island, in latitude 65° S. Its

discovery at about 61° S., in a locality where D. australis

was previously taken by the ‘ Scotia,’ shows that it is not, as

Bouvier suggested, confined to higher latitudes than are

reached by the last-named species.

Measurements in millimetres,—

Length of proboscis ...........2.0..--..+. 17-75

Greatest diameter of proboscis ............ 45

Length of trunk (including cephalon)........ 12°5

Width across second lateral processes ...... 13:0

Length of abdomen ............seeseeaees 70

Length of first segment of left chelophore.... 9°5

Diameter of ditto at distalend.............. 2°25

Fourth left leg—

Coxe: (together)... .. ccs. cese cee eeoes 11:5

[Pei Ve EEE! AlN AP cae, Cae Ceo IS oe 25°5

Ebert tis Dia teeta oeee nants! s ot gyal see's ehetare. 27°5

SEONG CLOTAN ay taldetace 6 4cle ole sie slelelr's 33°25

UT SUS Eee age Steg Oe on bee EO Gaon 16°5

TG POOGR! Sanne ak. cue aid eg) sele'e owns} of 120) 38°4

(Gila 's, 2a 6 Steed Res ce ce eC Rene 9:9

246 On Pycnogonida from the South Orkney Islands.

Colossendeis robusta, Hoek.

Colossendeis robusta, Calman, “ Pycnogonida,” Brit. Antarct. (‘Terra

Nova’) Exp., Zool. iii. no, 1, 1915, p. 24 (with references).

Locality Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; one female.

Remarks.—This specimen agrees closely with the male

from the ‘ Terra Nova’ collection, which it slightly exceeds

in size; but the spinules on the legs, although present, are

smaller and apparently fewer. The femur and the second

tibia are of equal length.

Pentanymphon antarcticum, Hodgson.

Pentanymphon antarecticum, Calman, “ Pycnogonida,” Brit. Antarct.

(‘Terra Nova’) Exp., Zool. iii. no. 1, 1915, p. 27 (with references).

Locality—Scotia Bay, South Orkneys ; two specimens.

Remarks.—The ratio between the width of the cephalon

anteriorly and that of the neck is about 2°8 in these specimens,

which in this respect do not differ from those recorded from

the Ross Sea.

Nymphon oreadense (Hodgson).

Chetonymphon orcadense, Hodgson, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, xlvi.

1908, p. 173, pl. ii. figs. 2, 2a.

Locality —S8. Orkneys. Dredge. 6 fms. April 1915.

Wight specimens (one ovigerous). -

Remarks.—Hodgson records an “enormous number of

specimens” of this species from Scotia Bay, and some of

these, presented to the Museum by Dr. W. 58. Bruce, show

the closest agreement with Mr. Bennett’s specimens.

Ammothea carolinensis, Leach.

Ammothea carolinensis, Calman, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) xy. 1915,

p. 310, figs. 1-8 (with synonymy); id, “ Pycnogonida,” Brit. Antarct.

(‘ Terra Nova’) Exp., Zool. iii. no. 1, 1915, p. 51.

Locality.—Scotia Bay, South Orkneys; one female, one

immature.

Remarks.—The female is of large size (proboscis 17°5 mm.

long), and both specimens resemble very closely those already

in the Museum from South Georgia which I have referred to

A. carolinensis. Although the female is larger than the

adult male of <A. gibbosa figured by Bouvier (Pycnog.

Geological Society. 247

‘Pourquoi Pas,’ 1913, p. 129, fig. 81), it does not show the

enlargement of the dorsal processes of the trunk-somites

which seems to be characteristic of full-grown specimens of

the last-named species.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES,

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

March 24th, 1920.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘On Two Preglacial Floras from Castle Eden (County

Durham).’ By Mrs. Eleanor M. Reid, B.Sc., F.L.S8., F.G.S.

The seeds examined were obtained by Dr. C. T. Trechmann from

Preglacial clays, found in fissures of the Magnesian Limestone at

Castle Eden. The clays were carried by the Scandinavian ice from

the area now covered by the North Sea.

The study proved the presence of two seed-bearing clays, of

different ages, the earlier being undoubtedly Pliocene. The

Pliocene age is confirmed by M. P. Lesne, who determined the

insect-remains found intermingled with the seeds.

While the work was in progress, material from the base of the

Pliocene of Pont de Gail (Cantal) gave knowledge, for the first

time, of a seed flora of known age, low down in the Pliocene; it

showed that the rate of change in the character of the West

European Pliocene flora was slower than had been suggested by

Clement Reid and the Author.

A critical comparison was made between the Cromerian, Teglian,

Castle-Hden, Reuverian, and Pont-de-Gail floras, on the bases of

the percentages of all exotics, and of Chinese-North American

exotics (that is: plants now inhabiting the Far East of Asia or

North America, but not Western Europe), in each flora. The

result proved the Reuverian to be Lower Pliocene, not top of the

Middle Pliocene (as formerly suggested); and the Castle- Eden flora

to be Middle Pliocene.

Therefore a study of fossil seeds had made it possible to dis-

criminate between strata intimately mixed za s¢tw, and to determine

their geological age when unknown.

248 Geological Society.

Besides being marked by the number of extinct and exotic

species which it contains, the Castle-Eden Pliocene is characterized

by the absence of aquatic species, and the abundance of those

growing on steep banks. From this the Author infers an upland

valley, with a gathering-ground standing at least 400 feet, probably

much more, above the Middle Pliocene sea-level, in an area now

forming part of the North Sea.

2. ‘A Comparative Review of Pliocene Floras, based on the

Study of Fossil Seeds.’ By Mrs. Eleanor M. Reid, B.Sc., F.L.S.,

E.G.S. J

By plotting as a curve the percentages of all exotics, and of

Chinese-North American exotics, from the five floras (see last

paper), it was found that all lay along a smooth curve, part of

which indicated changes in the Pliocene, part in the Miocene.

From this curve certain deductions are made :—

(1) That the study of living and fossil seeds can lead to accurate

specitic determinations.

(2) The position of the Pont de Gail and Cromerian being fixed

points on the curve, that is, in time (namely, the beginning and end

of the Pliocene), then the position in time of the Teglian, as shown

by the curve (based on the study of fossil seeds), agrees with the

position indicated by paleohtology. Consequently the study of

fossil seeds is as accurate a method of determining geological age

as paleontology; and the age indicated for the Reuverian and

Castle-Eden floras is approximately correct.

(3) The destruction and supplanting of the Chinese-North

American exotic flora began about the Middle Miocene, at the time

when the great European and Asiatic Alpine ranges attained their

maximum uplift; but it was to these transcontinental barriers that

Clement Reid and the Author attributed the extermination of this

flora. Therefore the curve gives strong and independent confirma-

tion of the truth of their theory, and is in accord with the findings

of stratigraphy and paleontology.

(4) The curve indicates an incoming flora—the present flora

of Western Europe, and in part, of Central and Southern Europe

—which first appeared in the Miocene. Of this the aquatic

element is now chiefly cireumpolar in distribution, whereas the

dry-soil element mainly centres in the Himalaya. The latter

character may point to a centre of dispersal, but the question has

not yet been studied.

(5) The incoming flora only in part survived in Western

Europe; the destruction became greater after the Middle Pliocene;

the cause of this is unknown.

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CONTENTS OF NUMBER 32.—Winth Series.

XXIV. Descriptions and nine of ies Se #¥

T. D. A. CockERe 1, ae of Colorado | ; ae as a aren. os os O1-

XXY. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum, Ay. byt a p: Ae

. Os etn! of Colorado

XXVI. The British pada of the Coppa Genus itoor a, , Boeck.

By Ropsrt Gurvey, M.A. ......... ee Ate ie Se aeaees es 2 .

XXVII. The ‘Challenger’ Eryonidea (ermine By Oscar

Sunp, Cand. Real., Scientific Adviser to the Norwegian Bureau of

Fisheries, Bergen............ Le Re Pee Aare me ee

XXVIII. On the Genus T'richodr Oe and on a British Species of

the Genus. By Franx E. Sure DSe., F. R, 8. Les ae pete

XXIX. Three new Mammals from Northern Rhodesia, “By ‘

Martin A. C. Hinton ..........6 Pie eee as be eee oe

XXX. A new Tuco-tuco from Tucuman, | By Oxprisnn i» Taowss : : 248 4

Sorc

P, .

XXXI. Ona ‘Coilentise of ‘Pyonogonide 4 from the South Orley

Islands. By W. T. Catman, D. Se. eee e eee hee cee 244 4

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No. 33. SEPTEMBER 1920. 09)

XXXII.—WNotes on various African and Asiatic Species of

Hapalochrus, Hr., with an Account of their accessory

3 -characters | Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S.

{Continued from p. 201. }

[Plate VIII.*]

25. Hapalochrus inchoatus, sp. n.

d. Elongate, rather narrow, widened posteriorly, shining,

clothed with rather long pallid hairs ; eyaneous or violaceous,

rarely brassy or golden-green, the ‘elytra often green, the

basal three or four joints. of the antenne wholly or in part,

the anterior legs (the tarsi excepted), and the intermediate

femora at the base beneath or entirely, testaceous, the rest

of the antenne and legs black or metallic, the abdomen

flavescent and nigro-maculate. Head sparsely punctulate,

shining ; antenne long, rather stout, joints 2-10 almost

equal in width, much longer than broad. Prothorax broader

than long, sparsely punctulate laterally, smooth on the disc,

Elytra densely, rugulosely, and not very coarsely punctate.

Anterior trochanters toothed ; anterior femora (PI. VIII.

fig, 22) with a small tooth at the base; anterior tibicze

dilated and obliquely excavate beyond the middle ; anterior

tarsal joint 2 prolonged over 3; intermediate femora ex-

cavate at the base beneath; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII.

fig, 22a) strongly incrassate, convex, subtriangular, excavate

at the apex within, and furnished with a long, sinuous,

* [The Plate will be published with the concluding part of the article. |

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. ds

250 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

curved appendage at the imner apical angle and a shorter

ps beneath the outer angle.

Var. 3. Anterior trochanters, simple; intermediate tibiz

testaceous. [Congo da Lemba. |

?. Antenne very similar to those of ¢; legs black.

Length 33-5, breadth 13-27; mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab, W. Centra eae ‘Bele Congo: Amadi (P.

van den Plas: g ¢ : types), Congo da Lemba (R. Mayné :

3 2: var.), Wombali (P. Vanderijst), Bambili (Dr. Rodhain),

Nyangwe (R. Mayné), Beni-Lesse (Dr. Murtula), &e.

‘Described from a series of upwards of 100 examples, the

sexes 1n about equal numbers, belonging to the Congo

Museum. The form with dark intermediate tibize in ¢ is

represented by more than 50 specimens from Amadi, and

the one with these tibize red in ¢ by at least a dozen from

Congo da Lemha. <A female of it in the same Museum has

been named by Pie H. testaceicornis, this insect being sepa-

rable from the same sex of H. azureus as here understood by

the stouter antenne, and the finer and denser puncturing of

the elytra, and from that of H. ¢estaceicornis by the shining,

less rugose head. The more strongly appendiculate inter-

mediate tibiz of the ¢ ¢ listinguishes H. inchoatus from

H. dahomeyanus, these two forms having the antennal joints

uudilated as in 9 ? of H. testaceicornis and H. fusicornis.

26. Hapalochrus fusicornis, sp. n.

3d. Moderately elongate, rather convex, shining, clothed

with semi-erect, whitish pubescence ; bluish-green or green,

the basal half of the antennz (a dark streak on joint 1

excepted), the anterior femora at the tip, the intermediate

femora at the base in front, and the anterior tibiz entirely,

testaceous. Head short, nearly as wide as the prothorax,

closely, finely punctulate; antennz stout, moderately long,

tapering from joint 3, the latter much thickened and longer

than 2. Prothorax transverse, convex, obliquely narrowed

posteriorly, smooth on the disc, finely punctate at the sides.

Elytra oblong, at the base about as broad as the prothorax,

a little widened posteriorly, densely, rugulosely punctate.

Anterior trochanters unarmed; anterior femora with a small

tooth at the base; anterior tibiee moderately widened, simply

sinuate and compressed ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and

rather long, somewhat thickened, 2 extending over 8 ; inter-

mediate tibiz stout, simply sinuate ou their inner and outer

aspects, appearing subangulate when viewed from the side.

?. Antenne more slender, feebly serrate, joint 3 not

Te, ee ee et

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 251

dilated, 1-3 partly testaceous ; legs almost wholly black or

metallic.

Length 4-44, breadth 13-2 mm.

Hab. W. Arrica, Cotonou in Dahomey, 70 miles due W.

of Lagos (W. A. Lamborn: v., vi. 1914, vi. 1915).

Two males and three females. Very like the Nigerian

H. dilaticornis, the & with stout, much less dilated, tapering

antennee, with enlarged third joint, the anterior and inter-

mediate tibize moderately thickened and simply sinuate, the

latter subangulate externally and not bilobate at tip. More

robust than H. azureus, Er. (=ceruleus, Murr.) , the antennz

stouter in both sexes, the ¢-characters very different. The

allied H. tschoffeni, Pic (1907), from the Congo, type ¢, has

tapering, less thickened antennee, with smaller third joint,

basally dentate anterior femora, moderately inflated inter-

mediate tibiz, &c. H. diversipes, Pic (1919), type ¢?, in-

correctly treated as a variety of H. sjdstedti, seems to have

similar antennee.

27. Hapalochrus dahomeyanus, sp. u.

3g. Extremely like H. fusicornis: autennze feebly serrate,

formed and coloured as in the 2 of that species, the third joint

not dilated; anterior femora (except along their upper edge)

and tibise, and the intermediate femora beneath, testaceous ;

anterior femora with a slender tooth at the extreme base ;

anterior tibize twisted and dilated, compressed and excavate

towards the apex; anterior tarsal jomts 1 and 2 slightly

thickened, 2 extending over 3; intermediate tibiz very

stout, elongate-triangular, not angulate at the middle exter-

nally, furnished with a short, broad, compressed, testaceous

lobe at the inner apical angle, and witha short tooth beneath

the outer angle; elytra a little smoother at the base.

Length 4, breadth 14 mm.

Hab. W. Arnica, Cotonou in Dahomey (W. A. Lamborn :

31.v. 1914).

One @, found at the same locality as H. fusicornis,

differing from it as stated above.

28. Hapalochrus ischoffeni.

Hapalochrous tschoffent, Pic, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. li. p. 384 (¢)

(1907).

g. Antenne testaceous (except at the tip), rather stout,

tapering towards the apex ; anterior legs (the tips of the

tarsi excepted) testaceous, the trochanters unarmed, the

femora with a long, slender tooth at the extreme base,

Lie

252 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

the tibiz moderately dilated and excavate beyond the middle,

the tarsal joint 2 produced over 8, nigro-pectinate at tip ;

intermediate femora testaceous to near the apex, excavate

at the base beneath ; intermediate tibize gradually incrassate

towards the tip, transversely hollowed before and at the

apex beneath, and without lobe at the inner apical angle.

Hab. W. Cenrrat Arnica, Boma, Congo (type of WiC),

Congo da Lemba (R. Mayné, in Mus. Congo Belge).

The above description of the ¢ is taken from a specimen

in the Congo Museum, captured by M. Mayné in January or

February 1913. It is doubtful if the ? is distinguishable

from the same sex of several of the allied forms. The ¢

has the intermediate tibiee much less incrassate than in

H. testaceicornis, H. dilaticornis, &c., and they are more

thickened distally and less sinuate than in H. fusicornis.

29. Hapalochrus appendicifer.

3. Hapalochrus appendicifer, Pic, L’Kchange, xx. p. 84 (1904).

Var. 2. Hupalochrus martini, Pic, loc. cit. p. 28.

g. Antenne stout, jomt 2 much longer than 3, testa-

ceous, 4-9 about as long as broad ; anterior tibize obscure

testaceous or piceous, curved, broad, rapidly widened to near

the tip and then sinuously, obliquely compressed and deeply

excavate, the apical portion narrow ; qutoner tarsal joits

I and 2 thickened, subequal in length, 2 narrowly extended

over 3 ; intermediate femora deeply, abruptly excised before

the apex (appearing angulate at the middle) ; intermediate

tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 19) very stout, curved, dilated to near

the apex within and then obliquely narrowed to the tip,

the angle thus formed bearing a long, slender, compressed,

subtruncate, free appendage, the outer apical angle with a

short tooth beneath.

Length 4-4}, breadth 1/-2 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. 8.E. anv E. Arnica, Dunbrody [Uitenhage] (ev.

O’ Neil: type of Pic, 3g), Durban (H. W. Bell Marley :

xi LOOT sy), Malvern (G. A. K. Marshall: 92), Zambesi

(Mus. Brit.: 9), Zanzibar (Revoil, ex coll. Fry: 9),

Karonga, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave: 2) ; Manyema (Dupuis,

in Mus. Congo Belge: 8 3).

The British Museum possesses a ¢ of this species from

Durban agreeing with Pic’s description of H. appendicifer,

and with another specimen of the same sex from Manyema

named by the author. Females from Malvern and Zambesi,

green or brassy-green in colour, with the elytra more

sparsely and less coarsely punctured at the base, are appa-

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 253

rently referable to H. martini, Pic, described a little earlier

in the same year; and another example of the same sex

from Zanzibar, brilliant cyaneous in colour, can be placed

under H. appendicifer for the present. //. mashunus, Gorh.,

and various other African Hapalochri have very similar tibial

appendages,

30. Hapalochrus erosus.

Hapalochrus erosus, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vil. p. 359

(gd 2) (1901).

g. Antenne stout, subserrate; anterior trochanters

with a long tooth ; anterior femora curved, feebly angulate

and bearing a small tuft of hairs near the base beneath ;

anterior tibize widened to near the tip and then obliquely

compressed and deeply emarginate; anterior tarsal joints

1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 extending over 3 ; intermediate

femora curved, stout, angularly dilated and inferiorly foveate

at the middle (appearing deeply excised at the base) ; inter-

mediate tibiz very stout, broadly widened outwards, and

with a short, flattened, retractile lobe arising from above

the inner angle, the lower surface deeply foveate at the

middle and obliquely excavate towards the apex.

2. Antennz more slender.

Hab. S.E. Arnica, Kopjes west of Lesapi River, Chirinda

(G. A. K. Marshall).

Twelve specimens seen, including five males. .Separable

from H. mashunus by the brassy colour, coarser elytral

puncturing, and the different ¢-characters. Gorham did

not note the strong, angular dilatation of the intermediate

femora in that sex of the present species, of which there is

no trace in H. mashunus. The g, too, has both the inter-

mediate femora and tibize foveate at the middle beneath.

31. Hapalochrus longicornis, sp. n.

3g. Moderately elongate, narrow, shining, closely pubes-

cent ; cyaneous or bluish-green, the antennz (the testaceous

lower surface of one or more of the basal joints excepted),

palpi, and legs black or metallic, the ventral sutures

testaceous. Head closely punctulate ; anteune subfilitorm,

very long, reaching to at least the middle of the elytra,

rather stout. Prothorax slightly broader than long, rounded

at the sides, the lateral portions densely, rugulosely punctate,

the disc almost smooth. Elytra not very elongate, widened

posteriorly, rounded and rather convex at the apex, depressed

on the disc anteriorly ; densely, rather coarsely punctate.

Anterior trochanters with a minute tooth ; anterior tibiz

254 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

angularly dilated at the middle, and excavate and com-

pressed beyond this ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly

thickened; intermediate femora arcuately hollowed before

the apex beneath (appearing angulate at the middle) ; inter-

mediate tibie (Pl. VIIT. fig. 20) broadly, abruptly incrassate

from near the base to the apex, slightly excavate and with a

very small compressed lobe near the inner apical angle, the

lower surface foveate at about the middle.

@. Antenne much shorter and not nearly so stout, the

joints always considerably longer than broad.

Length 24-3}, breadth 1,4-14 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. W. Centrat Arrica, Belgian Congo: Amadi

[type] (P. van den Plas: iii.,iv.19138: § ¢), Coquilhatville,

Watsa, Kindu, Bamba (L. Burgeon: § 2), Itoka, Mobwasa,

Ganda-Sundi (R. Mayné: fo 2).

Described from a series of about thirty males and forty

females belonging to the Congo Museum. Very like H. den-

satus, Bourg. (No. 41), the ¢ with much longer and stouter

antennze, less dilated anterior tibiz, and broader, less exca-

vate intermediate tibie, the elytra relatively shorter. The

antenne are less dilated in the g , and the elytra more coarsely

punctured, than in H. mashunus (No. 39). The females of

these insects are scarcely distinguishable one from another.

32. Hapalochrus patruelis, sp. n.

3d. Extremely like H. longicornis, cyaneous, the head

and prothorax violaceous, the antennal joints 1-5 (the upper

surface of 1 excepted) testaceous, the others black, the legs

nigro-cyaneous ; antenne much shorter, barely reaching the

middle of the elytra, rather stout, somewhat filiform ; head

closely punctulate ; prothorax transverse, rugulosely punctate

at the sides; elytra densely, roughly punctate; anterior

trochanters with a long slender tooth ; anterior tibiz dilated

at the middle; intermediate femora deeply, arcuately

hollowed before the apex beneath (appearing sharply toothed

at the middie); intermediate tibiz somewhat broadly

dilated from near the base to the apex, slightly excavate and

with a very short compressed lobe at the inner apical angle.

¢. Antenne more slender and less elongate, the basal

joints darker.

Length 24-3, breadth 1}-l4 mm. (¢ 2.

Hab. W. Crentrau Arrica, Belgian Congo: Wombali

(P. Vanderijst: vii., ix. 19138: g 2) and Kabambare (£la-

mand :, 8. 1. L907 E- 20>),

Described from eight specimens from Wombali, including

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 259

two males, belonging to the Congo Museum. Very like

HZ, longicornis, the g with the autennee less elongate and

testaceous in their basal half, a longer tooth to the anterior

trochanters, and more sharply angulate intermediate femora.

H. kolbei, Bourg., from Kilimandjaro, &c., seems to be an

allied larger form, with the anterior femora and tibize partly

testaceous in the ¢, and the head densely rugose.

33. Hapalochrus semicupreus.

do. Apalochrus semicupreus and var. moloensis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-

entom. xxxl. p. 10 (Oct. 1919) (part.).

3. Moderately elongate, rather convex, shining, some-

what thickly clothed with long, erect, fuscous hairs ; head,

prothorax, and scutellum brilliant cupreous, golden, or golden-

green, the elytra cyaueous, the antenne (the testaceous outer

aud inner edges of joints 1-3 excepted), palpi, legs, and

abdomen metallic or black. Head short, sparsely, some-

what coarsely punctate; antenne long, rather slender,

joints 2-9 elongate, subcylindrical. Prothorax convex, a

little broader than long, abruptly, obliquely narrowed at the

base ; sparsely, coarsely punctate, the punctures becoming

more crowded towards the sides. Elytra about as broad as

the prothorax at the base, gradually widened to beyond the

middle and bluntly rounded at the apex, the lateral mar-

gins prominent; coarsely, confluently, rugosely punctate.

Anterior trochanters with ‘a long tooth; anterior tibie

obliquely widened and dentate towards the tip within, the

space between this and the apex diaphanous and deeply

emarginate ; anterior tarsal joints | and 2 slightly thickened,

subequal in length (when viewed in profile), 2 narrowly

extended over 3; intermediate tibize greatly thickened,

subtriangular, convex and rounded externally, excavate

beneath, and with a short compressed lobe at the inner

apical angle.

2. Antenne shorter and more slender; head and _ pro-

thorax a little narrower ; elytra inflated, more rounded at

the sides ; wings squamiform, extremely rudimentary.

Length 4-42, breadth 2-24 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. KH. Arrica (Mus. Brit., exe Gregory coll.: 1894: 2),

Western foot of Aberdare, alt. 8000 ft., and W. slopes of

Kenya, on Meru-Nyeri Road, alt. 6000-8500 ft. (S. A.

Neave: i., iii, 1911), Elgon District (Dr. Bayer, in Mus.

Congo Belge).

The above description is taken from a long series, 5 9,

captured by Dr. Neave in 1911. MRecognizable by the

256 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

brilliantly metallic golden, cupreous, or green, rather

coarsely punctured head and prothorax, and the cyaneous,

very rugose elytra, the ? almost apterous and having the

elytra inflated as in the same sex of H. amplipennis, Harold.

The rather coarsely punctured head and prothorax, the

strongly toothed anterior trochanters and the longer second

joint of the anterior tarsi of the ¢, &c., separate H. semi-

cupreus from the last-named insect.

The incomplete diagnosis of Pic (excluding his subsp.

kenyensis and var. viridimetallicus) doubtless applies to the

present species, the type of which was from ‘“ EH. Africa.”

34. Hapalochrus viridicollis, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, sparsely pubescent and fusco-

hirsute; brilliant golden-green, the elytra cyaneous, the

antennie, legs, and under surface black or metallic. Head

and prothorax almost smooth, the latter broader than long,

abruptly, simuously narrowed at the base; antennze rather

long aud slender; elytra gradually widened posteriorly,

rounded at the apex, densely, coarsely, confluently punctate ;

anterior trochanters without tooth; anterior tibiz mode-

rately dilated at the middle, deeply, obliquely excavate towards

the apex within, and abruptly emarginate and diaphanous

on its inner edge before the tip; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2

thickened, 2 (when viewed in profile) perceptibly prolonged

over the base of 3; intermediate tibiz long, somewhat

sinuate, greatly, subequally thickened from near the base to

the apex, convex externally, and with a short compressed

lobe at the inner apical angle.

?. Elytra rounded at the sides, convex; wings rudi-

mentary.

Length 4-44, breadth 2mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. Arnica, 8.E. slopes of Kenya [g] and Kikuyu

Escarpment [ ? ], alt. 6000-7400 ft. (S. A. Neave: ii., iii.

TOT

One pair, precisely similar in colour and in their elytral

sculpture. A species separable from the allied forms with

subapterous females by the subequally incrassate, distinctly

sinuate intermediate tibiz of the male, and the confluent,

coarse sculpture of the elytra in the two sexes. The anterior

trochanters of the g¢ want the tooth present in the same

sex of H. semicupreus and H. triangularis (No. 61); and the

anterior tibiz in this sex are not dilated into a tooth as in

H., amplipennis (No. 65). The second anterior tarsal joint of

the ¢ appears to be simple till the tarsus is viewed in profile.

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. SEI

35. Hapalochrus platycerus, sp. n.

6. Elongate, narrow, bluish-green or cyaneous, the

antennee black ; clothed with whitish pubescence intermixed

with longer, semi-erect, soft hairs. Head nearly as wide as

the prothorax, almost unimpressed, densely, rugosely, punc-

tate; antenne moderately elongate, stout, joints 5-9 broadly,

obliquely dilated, 7-9 twice as broad as long, 10 oblong.

Prothorax convex, a little broader than Jong, rounded at the

sides, obliquely narrowed behind, rugosely punctured late-

rally, much smoother on the disc. Elytra long, widened

posteriorly, rounded at the apex, densely, rugulosely punctate.

Anterior femora thickened, bearing a small tuft of stiff hairs

at the base ; anterior tibize stout, sinuous within, obliquely

compressed and with a narrow diaphanous space on their

inner aspect before the tip ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2

stout, 1 longer than 2, 2 extending over 3; intermediate

tibiae curved, convex externally, broadly, abruptly widened

from near the base, strongly sinuate and excavate within,

and with a rather broad, “compressed appendage near the

inner apical angle and a narrow appendage below the outer

angle.

@. Antenne shorter, joints 5-9 much less dilated, 4-8

gradually widened.

Length 6, breadth 2mm. (2 ?.)

Hab. KE. Arrica, Lukanga in N. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman:

24, iv. and 1. v. 1915).

One pair. In this insect the antenne of the ¢ are

greatly dilated (joints 6-9 being broadly lamellate) and the

head is strongly rugose in both sexes. The ¢@ has the

anterior tibie for aed as in H. clavicornis, and the inter-

mediate tibiz broadly widened, sinuate and excavate within,

and bearing a rather broad compressed appendage near the

inner apical angle.

36. Hapalochrus rugosus, sp. 0.

g. Moderately elongate, rather dull, the prothorax

shining ; blue or bluish-green, the antenne, palpi, and legs

black or metallic, the intermediate tibiz of ¢ testaceous at

the apex within, the ventral sutures rufescent; thickly

clothed with shag gey whitish pubescence intermixed with

long, erect, soft hairs. Head short, flattened, densely,

rugosely punctate; antennee moderately long, serrate, dilated

from the fifth joint onward. Prothorax broader than long,

obliquely narrowed behind, rugosely punctured at the sides,

very sparsely and minutely so on the middle of the disc,

258 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

the transverse grooves shallow. Elytra rather elongate,

widened posteriorly, densely, rugosely punctured. Anterior

femora thickened; anterior tibiz stout, obliquely compressed,

excavate, and deeply emarginate before the apex; anterior

tarsal joints 1 and 2 stout, 2 extending over 3; inter-

mediate tibize greatly swollen, broadly widened from near

the base to the apex, slightly sinuate towards the tip within,

deeply, sinuately excavate in their outer half beneath, and

furnished beyond the middle with a rather broad, testaceous,

compressed appendage, the excavated portion bearing an

inwardly-curved tuft of matted yellowish hairs below the

outer angle.

2. Antenne a little more slender.

Length 43-53, breadth 2-2 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. S. Arnica, Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe).

Sixteen specimens, the sexes in equal numbers. Larger,

duller, and less shining than H. appendicifer, Pic, the head,

the sides of the prothorax, and the elytra densely, roughly

punctate, the ¢-characters different, the appendage of the

iniddle tibiz: much shorter and broader, the excavated infe-

rior portion bearing a matted tuft of curled hairs below the

outer apical angle. This structure cannot be seen properly

unless the insect is viewed from beneath. Less elongate

than H. platycerus, from Rhodesia, which has a similarly

rugose head, the antennee much less dilated, the apices of

the intermediate tibis differently formed. Larger than

H. rugaticeps, Bourg., from Meru, and with a still more

rugosely puctured head and prothorax, the elytra less

parallel, the antennz ( ? ) stouter.

37. Hapalochrus fissipes, sp. n.

&. Moderately elongate, narrow, very shining, finely

pubescent, and also thickly set with long erect hairs ;

cyaneous or bluish-green, the basal four joints of the

antenne beneath or in part, the anterior tibia (except at

the base and apex), the intermediate femora at the base and

the accompanying trochanters, and the abdomen (a series of

dark spots along each side excepted), testaceous. Head and

prothorax very sparsely punctulate, the latter smooth on

the disc and nearly as long as broad; antennz: moderately .

long, joints 5-9 obliquely dilatate, 6-9 strongly transverse.

Elytra much widened posteriorly, rounded at the tip, closely,

rather coarsely punctate, smoother at the base. Anterior

tibize broadly lobed at about the middle, and excavate

beneath this, the apical portion narrow and compressed ;

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 200

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 projecting

over 3; intermediate tibiz (PI. VIII. fig. 21) very strongly

incrassate, subtriangular, excavate in “their apical third

within, ad fares with a rather, long, retractile, sub-

truncate appendage at about one-fourth from the apex (the

tibize thus appearing deeply cleft at the tip when the appen-

dage is drawn out of the cavity), the outer apical angle

toothed beneath, the lower surface of the tibia bifoveate.

?. Antenne feebly serrate, joints 5-9 narrow, about as

long as broad, almost equal in width ; legs black.

Length 34-33, breadth 1f-14 mm. (J 2.)

Hab. W. Centrat Arrica, Belgian Congo: Amadi [type]

(P. Van den Plas: ii.—iv. 1913: So 2), Congo da Lemba

(R. Mayné: xn. 1912, iv. 1915: ¢ 2); Dolo (F. Chatin:

mi. 1912: 3 2); Wombat (2. Vanderyst; vu.,.1x. 1918:

a).

Described from a series of 22 specimens belonging to the

Congo Museum, including eight males ; some females from

Manyema in the same Museum, named H. appendicifer by

Pic, may belong here. Compared with the last-named insect,

the g of the presentspeciesmay berecognized by the obliquely

dilated, transverse outer joints of the antennz, the less

dilated anterior tibize, the shorter retractile appendage to

the middle tibize, the much finer puncturing of the elytra,

and the less robust build. The @ is very like the same sex

of the insect here determined as H. azureus, Er. The allied

H. duviviert, Pic (?=azureus, Er.), type ¢, is said to have

subfiliform antennze aud coarsely punctured elytra.

838. Hapalochrus azureus.

Apalochrus azureus, Erichs, Entomographien, p. 9 3 (3d) (1840).

? Apalochrus cribrarius, Thoms. Archives Ent. ii. p. 79 (1868).

Hedybius ceruleus, Murray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xx. p. 321

1867) *.

a duviviert, Pic, Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. li. p. 384 (¢)

(1907).

6. Anterior trochanters with a sharp tooth; anterior

_femora obsoletely subangulate at the middle beneath ;

anterior tibize moderately widened, sinuate within, obliquely

compressed and excavate towards the apex; anterior tarsal

joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 narrowly extending over 3;

intermediate femora and tibiz usually obscure testaceous,

the latter (Pl. VIII. fig. 23) very stout, subtriangular,

excavate at the apex beneath, and with a short broad lobe

below the inner apical angle.

* Omitted from the Munich Catalogue, vi. 1869.

260 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

9. Antenne darker, the legs black.

Length 31-43, breadth 13-2) mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab, W. anv Centrran Arrica, Guinea (type of

Krichson: 8), Gaboon (type of Thomson), Old Calabar

(Mus. Brit., types of Murray: 8 2), Lagos, Kamerun,

Sierra Leone (Mus. Brit.), Gold Coast, Bompata, Ashanti

(A. E. Evans), Aburi (W. H. Patterson) ; Uganda (S. A.

Neave, C. C. Gowdey) ; Belgian Congo, [bembe (type of

Pic: 3), Casai (A. Crida, in Mus. Genoa), Congo da Lemba,

Amadi, Mayumbé-Kiniati, Benza-Masoia, Kisantu, Itoka,

Coquilhatville, Ganda-Sundi, Mobwasa, Kilo, Wombali,

Yambata, Lukula, Mandungu, &c. (Mus. Congo Belge).

A rather small, narrow, somewhat convex, cyaneous or

bluish-green form; the antennee comparatively slender,

subfiliform, testaceous in 4, with the apical joints usually,

and sometimes the basal ones above, infuscate or black ; the

head and prothorax very shining, the eyes rather large ;

the elytra closely, coarsely, rugulosely punctate, sometimes

with a brassy lustre ; the anterior and intermediate tibiz

and the intermediate femora usually obscure testaceous in g.

This is the only W. African Hapalochrus known to me to

which Erichson’s brief description would apply ; his type, ¢,

wanted the posterior legs. Murray omitted to mention the

sexual characters of his H. ceruleus, and Thomson is also

silent in this respect. The British Museum has a long

series of the present species from various localities on the

W. coast of Africa, as weil as many from Uganda. In the

Belgian Congo, H. azureus must be an abundant insect, as

there are upwards of 550 examples of it in the Congo

Museum, including about 180 males ; but the species is not

represented in Dollman’s Rhodesian Collection. A very

small ¢ from Wombali has much narrower intermediate

tibie, and it may not be conspecific with others from the

same locality. The H. duvivieri, 9, of the Congo Museum

collection, named by Pic, has the antennal joints 2 and 38

greatly elongated, and it probably belongs to Laius spini-

coxis, of the same author; H. sinuatipes, Pic (1911), from

E. Africa, seems to be an allied form.

39. Hapalochrus mashunus.

Hapalochrus mashunus, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 359

(gd 2) (1901).

g. Antenne serrate, rather broad ; anterior trochanters

unarmed ; anterior tibize compressed and excavate before

the apex within; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly

thickened, 2 extending over 3 ; intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII.

and Astatic Species of Hapalochrus. 261

fig. 24) strongly incrassate, deeply excavate towards the apex

within, and furnished with a long, compressed, sinuous,

retractile appendage, their lower surface deeply sinuato-

excavate from the middle to the apex, the cavity fringed

with long whitish hairs on its outer edge, the inner apical

angle with a short tooth.

9. Antenne shorter and more slender.

Hab. 8.K. ano E. Arrica, Salisbury [type of Gorkam ],

Chirinda in Gazaland, and Frere and Hstcourt in Natal

(G. A. K. Marshall: $ 3), Livingstone (H. C. Dollman :

?), Kashitu and Mwengwa in N. Rhodesia (H.C. Dollman:

3 ¢), El Donyo eb Urro (C. 8. Betton: §), Mlanje in

Nyasaland and Kakindu in Uganda (S. A. Neave:? ).

There are twenty examples of this species before me,

including ten males. Gorham does not mention the retrac-

tile long, curved, tibialappendage of the ¢, which cannot be

seen properly unless the tibia is viewed from beneath (see

figure). A small cyaneous or bluish-green form, with black

legs and antennee, the elytral puncturing dense and fine.

Fresh examples are thickly clothed with whitish pubescence,

which is easily abraded.

H. densatus and f/, rugaticeps, Bourg., both from Kili-

mandjaro or Meru, co-types, @ 2, of which are before me

are allied forms.

40. Hapalochrus laciniosus, sp. n.

3d. Rather short, shining, pubescent, with longer, soft,

semi-erect hairs intermixed; green or brassy green, the

antenne, palpi, and legs black. Head short, sparsely punctu-

late, slightly depressed in front; antenne moderately long,

rather stout, serrate, joints 8-9 about as long as broad.

Prothorax transverse, a little wider than the head, sparsely

punctured, alinost smooth on the middle of the dise. Elytra

moderately long, widened posteriorly, densely, very finely

punctate. Anterior femora subangulate near the base

beneath ; anterior tibiz thickened, obliquely compressed

and deeply emarginate near the tip; anterior tarsal joints

] and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3; intermediate tibiz

(PI. VIII. fig. 25) very stout, broadly widened, sinuate within,

obliquely, deeply excavate towards the apex beneath, and

furnished with a long, slender, compressed, sinuate, retractile

appendage, the inner apical angle with a long tooth, the

inner edge only of the cavity fringed with long hairs.

?. Antenne shorter and not so stout, the legs slender.

Length 33-32, breadth 14-12 mm. (¢ ?.)

262 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

Hab. S.E. Arrtca, Howick in Natal (J. P. Cregoe: 3),

Durban (F. Muir: 2), Zululand (ea coll. Fry: 8 2).

Two males and three females. Very like H. mashunus,

Gorh., the g¢ with broader intermediate tibiz, which on the

lower surface are deeply, obliquely excavate and ciliate along

the inner edge only, and have a longer tooth at the inner

angle. The imperfectly described H. rollet, Pic (1911),

length 4°6 mm., from “ E. Africa,” the ¢ of which has

stout, appendiculate middle tibiz, seems to be a close ally

of the present species. H. appendicifer, Pic, has more

coarsely punctured elytra, etc.

41. Hapalochrus densatus.

Hapalochrus (Paratinus) densatus, Bourg. in Sjéstedt's Kilimandjaro-

Meru Exped., i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 186 (¢ 2 ) (1908).

g. Antenne rather slender, subfiliform, moderately long ;

anterior trochanters unarmed: anterior tibiz feebly dilated

beyond the middle and excavate before the apex; anterior

tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 projecting over 3;

intermediate femora sinuate (not angulate) beneath; imterme-

diate tibiz rather broadly, abruptly incrassate from about the

basal third to the tip, deeply excavate and furnished witha com-

pressed, curved, retractile appendage before the apex within.

Hab. BE. ann W. Centrat Arrica, Kilimandjaro and

Meru, Kibonoto (Dr. Sjéstedt), Hima River, Uganda

(Dr. Bayer: 4.iv.1912: g¢), Wombwali, Belgian Congo

(P> Vanderyst: vil, 1%.19135 (4 2 ).

Females from Wombwali in the Congo Museum agree

with a co-type of the same sex of H. densatus lent me by

Dr. Sjéstedt ; but the identification of the four males from

that locality and from the Hiva River is somewhat doubtful,

Bourgeois not having mentioned the appeadage of the

intermediate tibixe, which, however, is not always visible at

first sight. These specimens (length 8-3} mm.) have the

elytra a little more elongate than in H. longicornis and

H. patruelis, and are clothed with rather long whitish hairs,

the male having slender antenne, unarmed anterior trochan-

ters, and the intermediate femora simply sinuate beneath,

H. mashunus, Gorh., has broader antenne in the ¢, the

elytra more fively punctured, &c.

42. Hapalochrus cinerascens, sp. n.

9. Elongate-subtriangular, shining, thickly clothed with

long, adpressed, cinereous pubescence, with a few semi-erect

Rarer al

hairs intermixed; bluish-green, the antennes (the testaceous

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 263

lower surface of the basal joints excepted) and legs black.

Head and prothorax rather small, sparsely, minutely punc-

tate, the latter transverse, rounded at the sides, and almost

smooth on the middle of the disc. Elytra rather long,

rapidly widening to near the apex, bluntly rounded at the

tip, transversely depressed on the disc below the base ;

densely, finely, rngulosely punctate,

Length 32, breadth 2 mm.

Hab. Asysstnia (Mus. Brit.).

One female. ‘I'his insect seems to be nearest allied

to H. mashunus, Gorh., and H. densatus, Bourg., and it is

separable from the corresponding sex of those species by

having the elytra much more widened posteriorly, the punc-

turing of the latter being very fine and dense. Three species

only of the genus have been seen by me from Abyssinia, each

represented by a single example.. The one here described

is so distinct that there can be little risk in naming it from

the female sex.

43. Hapalochrus janthinus.

2. Hapalochrus janthinus, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 11. p. 157

(i887).

Hapalochrus (Paratinus) janthinus, Bourg. in Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro-

Meru Exped. i, Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 184 (¢ ) (1908).

Q. Hapalochrous goossenst, Pic, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. li, p. 311

(1908).

Elongate, rather convex, shining, somewhat thickly clothed

with long, semi-erect, blackish hairs ; bluish-green or cyaneo-

violaceous, or, more rarely, zneous, purplish, or obscure

cupreous, the antennze and legs black or metallic, the abdo-

men usually in part red, the intermediate femora sometimes

with a reddish spot at the base in ¢. Head sparsely, finely

punctate ; antenne (¢) long, in some specimens broad,

serrate, and tapering towards the tip, in others less thickened,

subserrate, and wrth joints 2-10 almost equal in width,

(?) shorter and more slender. Prothorax transverse,

broader than the head, smooth on the disc, sparsely punc-

tulate at the sides and apex. LElytra long, rather convex,

gradually widening to beyond the middle, rounded at the

apex, coarsely, closely, confusedly punctured.

¢. Anterior trochanters unarmed; anterior tibize rather

stout, thickened at the middle, and then strongly, obliquely

compressed; anterior tarsal joints 1 aud 2 subequal in

length, 2 narrowly extended over 3; intermediate tibie very

stout, slightly rounded externally, foveate and deeply exca-

vate in their outer half beneath, and with a short compressed

264 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

lobe at the inner apical angle, and a curved, dentiform pencil

of hairs beneath the outer angle.

Length 5-7, breadth 24-34mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. Ei. anv W. Crentrat Arrica, Usagara (type of Fair-

maire: 9), Kibonoto, Kilimandjaro, Meru (Dr. Sjéstedt),

Ruwenzori, alt. 5300 ft. (Scott-Hiliot), Uganda generally,

up to 5000ft. (S. A. Neave, C. C. Gowdey), S. Masai

Reserve (T. J. Anderson), Nandi Plateau, W. slopes of

Kenya on Meru-Nyeri Road up to 6,200 ft., Kambove,

K atanga, and Serenje District in N.E. Rhodesia (S.A. Neave),

Mogorr River (Capt. A. O. Luckman), Kashitu in N.W.

Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman); WKisantu (type of H. goossensi,

Pic, 2 ), Congo da Lemba, Kundi, Kambove-Ruwe, Etshushu,

Wombali, Kasenga, and Sankisia, Belgian Congo (Mus.

Conyo Belge), Madona (Dr. S. Neave); Angola (Mus.

Brit.: 8%).

The Congo Museum possesses a series of upwards of

2200 examples of this species (mostly from Congo da Lemba),

of which about 130 are males, and in the British Museum

there are at least 200 more, including twenty males. The

types of H. goossensi, Pic, ?,lent me by M. Schouteden,

agree perfectly with H. janthinus, Fairm., ? , as identified

by Bourgeois. The ¢ sometimes has a reddish mark at the

base of the intermediate femora; but the second joint of —

the anterior tarsi is not simple in this sex, as he supposed,

the claw-like upper prolongation being conspicuous in one

of his Kilimandjaro males before me. In the 38 specimens

(34 9,4 3) captured at Kashitu in Rhodesia by the late

H.C. Dollman, the antennz of the males are a little less

dilated than usual, one, indeed, having these organs quite

slender. H. formosus, Harold (1879), type ? , from Angola,

must be very closely related to the present insect ; but as

the antenne are stated to have the basal joint "reddish

beneath, the identification is doubtful. The ? of the present

species is very like a Haltica of the same regions, and it

might easily be mistaken for a member of that genus.

44, Hapalochrus foveiger, sp. 0.

3. Moderately elongate, rather convex, shining, thickly

clothed with rather long, semi-erect, blackish hairs ; cyaneous

or violaceous, the head and the dise of the prothorax some-

times brassy-black, the abdomen in part red, the antenne,

palpi, and legs wholly black or metallic ; head and prothorax

sparsely punctured, the latter smooth on the disc; elytra

coarsely, closely, uniformly punctate, the punctures deep and

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 265

separate one from another. Antenne long, not very stout,

subfiliform, joints 2-10 much longer than broad, about equal

in width. Prothorax transverse, obliquely narrowed behind,

deeply grooved at the base. Tlytra moderately long, at the

base about as broad as the prothorax, widening to near

the apex, the apices broadly, conjointly rounded. Anterior

tibiz thickened at the middle and hollowed thence to the

apex; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 rather long, subequal in

length, 2 narrowly projecting over 3; intermediate femora

with a smooth, deep fovea at the base beneath ; intermediate

tibize very stout, convex, deeply excavate at the middle and

apex beneath, and with a short, compressed lobe at the

inner apical angle.

9. Antenne shorter and more slender.

Length 44-54, breadth 21}-22mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. E. AFRICA, Serenje. in *NLE. Rhodesia, alt. 4500 ft.

(S. A. Neave: 15,16. xii.1907: g), Kashitu and Mwenga

lity pei. C: Dollman: xii. 191452. 19S: oo)

Seven males and three females. Not unlikea small H. jan-

thinus, Fairm., the elytra relatively shorter, more widened

posteriorly, and coarsely, closely, uniformly punctate; the

intermediate femora of the ¢ deeply foveate at the base

beneath. 4H. clavicornis has a somewhat similar, but larger,

excavation of the middle femora in the same sex.

45. Hapalochrus hamatus, sp. un.

d. Cyaneous, the head and prothorax brassy or greenish in

one specimen, the legs, palpi, and antennee black or metallic ;

very shining, the vestiture as in H. furcatus (No. 50).

Head short, sparsely punctulate; antennz stout, rather

short, serrate, joints 6-9 broad. Prothorax transverse,

smooth on the disc, sparsely punctulate near the margins.

Elytra depressed on the disc below the base, rather sparsely,

somewhat coarsely punctate, with prominent, cariniform

lateral margin, the interspaces subplicate. Anterior trochan-

ters armed with a_long, hook-like tooth; anterior femora

grooved and finely albo-ciliate beneath ; anterior tibiz simply

sinuate, compressed towards the apex ; anterior tarsal joints

1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over 3; intermediate femora

(Pl. VIII. fig. 26) excavate towards the apex beneath

(appearing subangulate at about the middle) ; intermediate

tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 26) moderately thickened, abruptly

widening from a little below the base to near the tip, exca+

vate at the middle and apex beneath.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 13

266 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

?. Antenne much more slender, joints 3-9 longer than

broad.

Length 4,4—-5, breadth 17-2 mm. 2.)

Hab. E. AFRICA, Kashitu in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Doll-

man: 1. 1915).

ee males and one female are referred to H. hamatus,

which is extremely like H. furcatus from the same locality,

and is only separable therefrom by the ¢-characters: the

anterior trochanters are strongly hooked and the intermediate

tibice abruptly, moderately widened from near the base (as in

H. platycerus, 3); the anterior tibiz want the prominent

median lobe ; the intermediate femora are somewhat deeply

emarginate near the apex; and the antenne are rather

broadly dilated, but much less so than in H. platycerus.

(To be continued. }

XXXITI.— On Mammals from the Lower Amazons in the

Groeldi Museum, Para. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

As already noted in connection with the description of the

new spiny rat, Lonchothrix emilie, the authorities of the

Groeldi Museum, Para, have kindly allowed me the oppor-

tunity of examining the series of mammals accumulated by

them during the last six years.

As the fauna of this region is still very imperfectly known,

I think it useful to give a list of the whole of the specimens

and their localities.

The majority of the specimens have been collected by

Friulein Dr. HE. Snethlage, and it is to her energy and ability

in collecting, and to the enlightened generosity of the Trustees

of the Goeldi Museum in the distribution of the specimens,

that the greater part of our increased knowledge of Amazonian

mammals is due.

A previous paper of the same kind, giving a list of twenty-

eight species, was published in 1912 *, while a number of

Amazonian novelties received from the Para Museum have

been described at various times since 1908.

The regions chiefly concerned in the present series are

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p. 84 (1912).

the Lower Amazons. 267

two—one being in the neighbourhood of Manaos, on the

Solimoes or lower Rio Negro, and the other at Villa Braga,

on the western bank of the Rio Tapajoz, just above the first

rapids. At this latter place Fraulein Snethlage made the

most important collection of all—quite a number of new and

interesting forms occurring in if.

Besides Fraulein Snethlage’s specimens, the series owes

many interesting forms to Senhor F. Lima, one of her

keenest and most helpful contributors.

A series of duplicates, and all types, are generously

presented to the British Museum by the authorities at Para.

In regard to the present collection, special notice may be

directed to the rediscovery of the white-nosed saki (Pithecta

albinasa), only previously known from the type, described in

1848, and to the numerous interesting novelties contained

in it—notably the tuft-tailed spiny rat Lonchothrix emilice

and the whitish bat Depanycterds ¢sabella, both of these repre-

senting new genera, and to the new marmoset Hapale enulia,

from the Curud River.

The following list of localities has been given me by

Dr. Snethlage :—

Utinga, near Para.a—Woods near the waterworks.

Maraj6é Island.—Fazenda Ilha da Roga and Faz. Pacoval

dos Mellos.

R. Flor do Prado, one of the small coastal rivers east of

Para.—Quatipurt.

Rio Tocantins—Fazenda Vaieajé, Cameta.

Rio Iriri, a left affluent of the Xingt.—Sta. Julia and

Liberdade.

Rio Curua, a left affluent of the Liri—upper waters.

Monte Alegre, north bank of the Amazon nearly opposite

Santarem.—Fazenda 8. Pedro, Jugaratena.

Taperinhaa—A Fazenda on the right bank of the

Amazon below Santarem.

Rio Tapajoz.—Villa Braga, left bank, just above the

first rapids.

Rio Jamauchim (right affluent of the Tapajoz).—Sta.

Helena.

Rio Negro.—Acajutuba, a little above Manaos.

Rio Solimoes.x—Manacapurt, a little above the mouth of

the Rio Negro.

Ceard.—Ladeira Grande, in the south of the state.x—Serra

do Castello.

13%

268 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

1. Cebus apella, L.

2: 29... Rs Trini G4 Dama).

@. 68,69. Acajutuba, R. Negro (£. Snethlage—as are

all specimens not otherwise credited).

3S. 114,115. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

2. Pithecia pithecia, L.

3. 57,61; ¢@. 58, 59, 60. Acajutuba, Rio Negro.

9. 62, 63, Manacapurt, R. Solimoes.

3. Pithecia monachus, Geoff.

S. 117; ?. 118. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz. ‘

Villa Braga is on the left (western) bank of the Tapajez,

just above the first rapids.

A, Pithecia albinasa, Geoff. & Dev.

9. ol, Rio Irin, JB; Mined:

The rediscovery of this well-defined species is of much

interest, for it seems never to have been obtained since its

original description in 1848, and the type-specimen in Paris

has hitherto remained unique. That type was obtained alive

from Indians at Santarem.

Fraulein Snethlage’s specimen was shot out of a small

troup on the banks of the river.

5. Callicebus hoffmannsi, Thos.

3. 119,120,121; ¢. 122. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

Only previously known by the type, collected by W.

Hoffmanns at Urucurituba, Santarem.

There is considerable variation in the colour of the under

surface, two of these specimens having this pale yellowish

like the type, while the other two have it strong ochraceous

buffy ; but the distribution of the buffy or yellowish is the

same in all.

6. Callicebus remulus, Thos.

gd. 112. Santarem.

Obtained alive by Friiulein Snethlage at Santarem, the

original locality more or less doubtful.

Not precisely like true remudus, but without a knowledge

of the exact locality it is impossible to be sure whether the

differences are individual or not.

the Lower Amazons. 269

7. Aotus trivirgatus, Humb,

3. 64; 2. 66,67. Manacapurti, Rio Solimoes.

8. Hapale emilie, sp. n.

3. 36; 9.37. Maloca, Upper Curud River, Upper Rio

Triri, R. Xing *.

Near H. melanurus, but with white muzzle and no light

hip-stripe. General coloration somewhat as in melanurus,

the shoulders and fore-back silvery grey darkening to rather

browner grey on the rump. Hairs of under surface silvery

grey. Crown between ears black or blackish, the muzzle in

front of the black quite white; cheeks white; chin white,

practically naked. Lars large, without tufts, their thin

scattered hairs brown. Arms grey, whiter on their inner

aspect, hands blackish brown. Legs grey on outer, whiter on

inner side, but both aspects more or less suffused with buffy.

Feet blackish. ‘Tail black except for its basal inch, which

is brownish grey.

“ Hyes yellowish brown. Face pink. LHars black at their

edges.”— FH, S.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 199 mm.; tail 308; hind foot 61;

SET Pave

Skull: greatest length 44; condylo-basal length 35 ;

zygomatic breadth 29 ; breadth across orbits 25°5 ; maxillary -

tooth-row 11°5.

flab. as above.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.7. 14.12. Original

number 37. Collected 10th November, 1914, by Friulein

KE. Snethlage.

This little marmoset, to which Friulein Snethlage has

drawn my special attention, and which I am pleased to name

after her, is a member of the H. argentatus group, but is

readily distinguishable by its white muzzle and the absence

of a light hip-stripe from H. melanuwrus, the only species it at

all resembles. Of the other species of the group, H. argen-

tatus is almost quite white, apart from its black tail, and has

no blackish on the head. . chrysoleucos has hairy ears and

a pale yellowish tail.—. melanoleucos, Ribeiro, the Para

co-type of which is now in the British Museum, is wholly

* The Curud River is marked in Stieler as a tributary of the main

Amazon, with its outlet near Santarem ; but I preter to accept Fraulein

Snethlage’s statement that it is an affluent of the Iivi.

270 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

white, its only black being the skin of the face, palms, soles,

and scrotum. H. emi/ie is therefore evidently a very distinct

new species.

9, Dasypterus ega, Gerv.

&. 9. Monte Alegre, near Santarem (O. Martins).

10. Myotis sp.

9. 72. Acajutuba, R. Negro.

o. 76. Cametdé, Tocantins (7. Lima).

Probably related to M. stmus, Thos.

11. Myotis sp.

S. 44, 48, 49; 9. 45, 50. Ladeira Grande, Ceara

(F. Lima).

M. nigricans group.

12. Rhynchonycteris naso, Wied.

. 2s AiO LT why kn

. 70. Acajutuba, R. Ne

ou.

gro.

+0 +0

13. Saccopteryx bilineata, Temm.

3.55; §. 56,57,58. Tlhada Roea, Marajo (fF. Lima).

3. 78,79; 9. 77,80. Cameta, Tocantins (f. Lima).

14. Saccopteryx leptura, Schr.

. 71, Acajutuba, R. Negro.

. 129. Villa Braga, R. 'Tapajoz.

+0 OY

15. Saccopterya canescens, Thos.

$-8; 9.7. Monte Alegre, near Santarem (0. Martins).

16. Peropteryx canina, Wied.

6. 0%.'« Utinga, Para.

17. Peronymus leucopterus, Peters.

3. 81. Cameta, Tocantins (F. Lima).

the Lower Amazons. yar Gy

18. Diclidurus seutatus, Peters.

6. 38,165. Para.

“ Caught in the old town.”—F. S.

These specimens are of great interest, as no example of

D. scutatus has been recorded since Peters described the

species in 1869, and its locality was unknown. The species

is evidently quite distinct from D. albus by its smaller size

and less complicated caudal gland; but without spirit-

specimens the differences in this latter respect are not easy to

appraise,

The skull agrees with that of D. albus in the extension of

the palate behind the level of the posterior molars,

19. Depanycteris isabella, gen. et sp. n.

g. 73. Manacapurt, Rio Solimoes (/. Snethlage). Type.

DEPANYCTERIS, gen. nov.

Allied to Diclidurus. Colour pale brown, not white.

Ears about as in Diclidurus; no trace of the enormous lobe

on the tragus found in Cyttarops. Thumb not so remarkably

abbreviated as in Die/idurus and possessing a distinct claw.

Hind limbs with the feet markedly longer in proportion to

the tibize, the distance from the base of the calcar to the tip

of the claws more than half the length of the lower leg, while

it is decidedly less than half in Diclidurus. Groove along

inner side of tibia shorter, more open, and less sharply defined.

Tail-tip in male without any horny capsule, although there

ig apparently a structure somewhat similar to that of thie

female of Diclidurus.

Skull in most respects similar to that of Diclidurus, but

the palate is deeply emarginate behind—to the level of the

front edge of m*,—while in front it is also more broadly

excavated. Basial pits well defined.

Teeth about as in Diclidurus.

Genotype. D. tsabella, sp. n.

This relative of Diclidurus is in general a less highly

specialized form than that is, its brownish colour, more

normal pollex, and less developed caudal glands all being

evidence in this direction. It has no special affinity with

Cyttarops.

Depanycteris isabella, sp. n.

Size about as in Diclidurus scutatus. Colour very similar

to that of Mesophylla macconnelli, the head and shoulders

272 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from =

dull whitish, the back gradually becoming browner, the rump

pale “ wood-brown.”’ Under surface dull buffy whitish.

Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken

in the flesh) :—

Forearm (approximately) 54 mm.

Head and body * 62; tail* 121; hind foot* 11; ear* 12.

Tragus on inner edge 4, breadth 2°8. Third finger, meta-

carpus 56, first phalanx 10; tibia 19, hind foot (c. u.) 9;

calear 16

Skull: greatest length (occiput to base of canines) 16 ;

basi-sinual length 11°6; zygomatic breadth 11:5; breadth

across orbits 8; mastoid breadth 9°2; palato-sinual length

3°7; front of p* to back of m? 5.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male (softened and placed in spirit). B.M.

no. 20. 7.14. 24. _ Original number 73. Collected 17th

October, 1916, by Fraulein E. Snethlage.

This new bat forms a most interesting discovery, adding a

third genus to the small subfamily Diclidurine. It is in all

respects less highly specialized than Diclidurus, the well-

known white bat of the Neotropical region, which, until the

discovery of Cyttarops in 1913 +, was supposed to be entirely

isolated from all its allies. In colour the white Diclidurus

remains unique, for both Cyttarops and Depanycteris are

brown, though the latter is an unusually pale brown.

20. Noctilio leporinus, L.

g.51; 2.52,53,54. Ladeira Grande, Ceard (Ff. Lima).

All with well-marked dorsal streaks. No. 52 is strongly

fulvous both above and below; the others are brown above

and whitish below.

21. Dirias albiventer, Spix.

S. 59; ¢. 60, 61,62. Ilhada Roca, Marajé (f. Lima).

The same variation in the colours occurs as with the

Noctilio, and is equally independent of sex.

Mr. Osgood’s observations f about the teeth of Noctilvo and

Dirias and the uselessness of the dental characters for distin-

guishing the two genera are undoubtedly quite correct, as I

have verified by the examination of many forms of both.

groups. But Iam none the less disposed to consider that

the striking difference in the proportions of the legs and feet

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 184 (1918).

{ Field Mus. Publ. x. no. 4, p. 31 (1910),

the Lower Amazons. 2783

renders the retention of Miller’s genus Dirias advisable. No

intermediates occur, and I have seen a small Nocetzlio, with

skull scarcely larger than that of a large Dirias, showing the

fully developed Noctilio feet, so that the diminution in the

size of the feet does not go part passu with that of the animal

as a whole.

22. Dirias irex, sp. n.

6. 26, 28. Santa Julia, Rio liri, Rio Xinet.

General characters as usual, but size less than in any

known form. Colour of type dull brown above, buffy whitish

below ; paratype wholly fulvous.

Dimensions of type :—

Forearm 53 mm.

Head and-body 65; tail 12; ear 22. Third finger, meta-

carpal 47, first phalanx 12 ; lower leg and hind foot (ce. u.) 33.

Skull: greatest length 18; condylo-basal length 16;

condyle to front of canine 15:7; zygomatic breadth 13:4 ;

breadth of brain-case 11; palatal length 8-6; front of canine

to back of m?® 7,

Hab. as above.

Type. Adultmale. B.M.no. 20.7.14.29. Original num-

ber 26. Collected 18th February, 1914, by Fraulein EK.

Snethlage.

This Dirtas is markedly smaller than any member of the

genus hitherto known, its small size coming out especially in

the length of the tooth-row. Dirias minor, Osg.*, supposed

by him to be unusually small, appears from the measurements

to be of about the size of the majority of our Amazonian

specimens, some few only being larger. The two specimens

of D. trex agree precisely in the size of the teeth, but the

paratype is even smaller than the type in other respects.

23. Molossus rufus, Geoff.

3. 48, 53; ¢. 49, 50, 51, 52. Conceicgio, Rio Moju,

near Para.

24. Molossus obscurus, Geoff.

6. 75; 2. 76,77. Acajutuba, Rio Negro.

9.131. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

25. Tadarida macrotis, Gray.

G. cage. o2e ‘io Irn, Rio Xingu:

* Noctilio minor, Osgood, . ¢.

274 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

26. Trachops cirrhosus, Spix.

o. 11: ©. 10. Monte Alegre:

27. Phyllostomus hastatus, Pall.

S. 43,44; 9. 42, 45, 46,47. Conceigaro, Rio Moju.

28. Hemiderma perspicillatum, lL.

g. 41. Conceicio, R. Moju, near Para.

29. Glossophaga soricina, Pall.

g. 40. Cerro do Castillo, Cearé (F. Lima).

gd. 130. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

30. Vampyrodes caraccioli, Thos.

or 113. Wings, Para:

A very interesting capture, as no specimen of V. caracciolt

has been obtained, so far as I am aware, since I described

the type from Trinidad in 1900. The present specimen is

fully adult while the type was rather immature, but with the

exception of its resultant slightly greater size there is nothing

to distinguish the Para from the Trinidad example.

The skull is 26 mm. in total length, the forearm 51.

31. Chiroderma villosum, Pet.

¢. 24. §. Antonio do Prata.

32. Sturnira Lilium, Geoff.

g. 74. Manacapurti, R. Solimoes.

&. 98; 2. 99,100, 101. Flor do Pardo, Quatipuru.

33. Scturus pyrrhonotus, Wagn.

&. 5. 84. Manacapuiti on the Solimoes, near mouth of

Rio Negro (normal coloration).

3. S. 79, 81, 82, 83; %. 80. Acajutuba, Rio Negro,

near its mouth.

&. 8.132. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz.

?. Upper Jurua (?).

Of the five specimens from Acajutuba, four are wholly

black, and it was no doubt one such that Wagner referred to

his S. igniventris, but the normal-coloured specimen, which

is precisely like No, 84 from Manacupurt, indicates that the

Lower Rio Negro form should really be assigned to pyrrho-

notus.

the Lower Amazons. 275

The capture of a specimen at Villa Braga extends the

known range of these giant squirrels eastwards from the

Madeira to the Tapajoz basin.

34, Sciurus estuans paraensis, Goeldi.

4g. 102, 103, 104, 105. Flor do Prado, Quatipuru,

Coast EK. of Para.

3 2. L. 82, 83. Cametd, Tocantins (F. Lima).

36. M.5. Tanaquara (O. Martins).

9.8. 135. Rio Jamauchim,

2 9. 8. 133, 134. Villa Braga, Tapajos.

e200) Eee Eritig Hino

9. L. 35. Serra do Castillo, Cearé (F. Lima).

It is at present impossible to make a satisfactory deter-

mination, of every one of these squirrels, which show a wide

range of colour-variation, especially in the amount and in-

tensity of the buffy of the under surtace. The name paraensis

seems to be the best to use provisionally for them until they

have again been revised with much further material.

35. Microsciurus manarius, sp. n.

3. 85, 86. Acajutuba, Rio Negro, near its mouth.

An olive species with buffy ear-patches. No p?® in either

of the two specimens,

Fur short and close. General colour above olive-brown,

warmer and more buffy on the face and crown. Under

surface buffy, of medium richness. Kars with their inner

surface and the upper third of their outer surface (proectote)

deep ochraceous buffy ; lower two-thirds of outer surface and

patch behind them paler buffy. Eye-rims buffy. Hands and

feet greyish olivaceous. Tail long, narrow, its hairs deep

reddish tawny basally, this colour making a median line

along the lower surface, black subterminally, and pale buffy

at tips; the long hairs at the end of the tail tipped with

tawny.

Skull of about the size and shape of that of M. rubrirostris,

Allen ; narrower and with less widely expanded zygomata

than that of MW. flaviventer, Gray.

Small upper premolar (p*), whose presence is supposed to

be characteristic of Microsciurus, absent in both specimens.

Dimensions of the type:—

Head and body 127 mm.; tail 129; hind foot 38;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 36°3; condylo-incisive length 32 ;

276 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

zygomatic breadth 21°7; nasals 9'2 ; interorbital breadth 13 ;

palatilar length 15 ; upper tooth-series 5°9.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 1. 8. Original

number 8. 86. Collected 21st February, 1916.

This squirrel appears to be most closely related to ML. flavi-

venter, Gray, of which, besides the type, the Museum possesses

a specimen from the Yahuas Territory, north of Loreto,

N.E. Peru. It differs as a species by its paler general colour,

its reddish ears, and its narrower and more lightly built

skull.

But it also presents a puzzle as to the characters of the

genus Adicroscturus, for with the smail size and other ex- |

ternal characteristics of the genus it has no p*, and might

therefore be thought referable to the group of Seiurus called

Leptosciurus by Allen. But in JL. flaviventer p® is propor-

tionally much smaller than is usual in Microsciurus, and I am

disposed to believe that the present is a species which has

gone just one stage further in the same direction, unless these

two specimens prove hereafter to be abnormal individuals

without the tooth, as occasionally happens. In all other

respects the species is a typical Microsciurus.

36. Scturillus pusillus, Desm.

9.137; ¢. 136. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajos (£. Sneth-

lage).

Quite like the type of Macroxus kuhli, Gray, which very

likely came from this region, and not from Guiana, where

alone Sciurillus has hitherto been supposed to be found.

37. Holochilus sciureus, Wagn.

nay Lidl Soar:

38. Oryzomys laticeps, Lund.

dg. 140. 92. 139,141. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

9. 34. Liberdade, Rio Iviri, R. Xingd.

39. Oryzomys subjlavus, Wagn.

3. L. 43. Ladeira Grande, Ceardé (F.-Lima). -

40. Oryzomys navus messorius, Thos.

¢. L. 28, 29, 30; 9.31. Fazenda Pacoval dos Mellos,

Marajo Island (#, Lima).

the Lower Amazons. 217

41. Gicomys tapajinus, Thos.

g. 8S. 22, 23. Island of Marajo.

g. 8.138. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

3.8. 87. Manacapuri, R. Solimoes.

2. M. 20. Monte Alegre, near Santarem (0. Martins).

42. Proechimys goeldit, Thos.

Gas: 923 9") 90.0 Acajatuba. Rio Nerro:

3: 94,95; 9. 93. Manacapurt, R. Solimoes.

Five molar laminee are frequently, if not invariably, present

among these specimens.

43. Cercomys laurentius, Thos.

3. L. 42. Serra do Castello, Ceara (/#. Lima).

44, Hehimys armatus, Geoff.

3d. 144,145. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

45. Lonchothriz emilie, Thos.

Supra, p. 114.

¢. 142. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz. Type. (B.M.

nox 20. 6:45 1.)

This remarkable animal, the prize of the collection, has

already been described, but I include it here to make the list

complete.

46. Isothrix bistriata negrensis, subsp. n.

9. 89. Acajutuba, Lower Rio Negro, near its mouth.

Nearly allied to J. b. ortnoct, and agreeing with it, as con~

trasted with true distriata, in the presence of marked light

postauricular patches and the shortening of the median light

crown-patch, which ends opposite the middle of the ears

instead of being continued down the nape ; the nape is there-

fore blackish all across instead of being divided in the centre.

Differing from orinoct by the general colour being strongly

suffused with ochraceous, the rump much more ochraceous

than the body, the ear-patches buffy instead of whitish, the

median crown-patch distinct and buffy instead of being

whitish and only vaguely indicated, and by the under surface

being strong ochraceous buffy throughout. Tail with the

basal two-fifths dull ochraceous instead of a quarter or less.

Skull quite as in d¢striata and orinoei.

278 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

Dimensions of the type:—

Head and body 244 mm.; tail 253; hind foot 44;

ear 19.

Skuil: greatest length 56; condylo-incisive length 51;

zygomatic breadth 28°5; nasals 17; interorbital breadth 13°8 ;

upper tooth-series 11°5.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.7. 1.20. Original

number 89. Collected 1916 by Dr. E. Snethlage.

Animals agreeing with £. distriata in all important cha-

racters, external and cranial, are found over the huge area

extending from the Rio Guaporé, about 13° 8. to the middle

Orinoco in 5° N., and westwards to the Ucayali in 75° W.,

the present locality being about the eastern centre of the area.

No doubt the extremes, distriata and orinoci, might be thought

to be specifically separable by their colour-characters, but

their skulls are so identical that I have preferred to keep

them under one specific heading. The new form is most

allied to orinoct, but differs by the characters detailed above.

Natterer’s second specimen, mentioned by Pelzeln but not

by Wagner, was no doubt, from its locality, an example of

I, b. negrensis.

47. Daetylomys sp.

$. Taperinha, Santarem (Dr. Hagmann).

Probably D. daetylinus canescens, but in faded pelage and

without skull.

48. Coendou prehensilis, L.

&. 150 (young). Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

Two further young Coendous are also included in the

collection, both of them albinistic. Owing to their youth

and abnormal coloration they cannot at present be determined

with any certainty.

More material of this genus is very much needed, as the

skulls are so remarkably variable that satisfactory results can

only be attained by the help of good series.

49, Dasyprocta aguti, L.

gd. 151. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

50. Myoprocta acouchy, Krxl.

g. M.18, M.19. Montalegre, Jugaratena, N. bank of

Amazon nearly opposite Santarem,.

the Lower Amazons. 279

These specimens are unusually red, having less black on

the hinder back than is usual.

Dasyprocta exilis, Wagl., and D. leptura, Wagn., would

both seem to be referable to this animal, for I find it quite

impossible to accept Dr. Allen’s identification * of the former

with one of the greenish-coloured pratt: group, merely because

there was a white line down the belly of the type. D. eaz/is

was described as “ not@o toto castaneo-fuscescente,” a coloration

absolutely in contrast with that of pratt, while characteristic

of the present form, And D. leptura is also “ ferrugineo-

rufa.’ In consequence, the next species may be considered

without reference to those names,

51. Myoprocta prattt limanus, subsp. n.

3d. 96. Acajutuba, near mouth of Rio Negro, above

Manaos. B.M. no. 20.7.1. 24. Type.

Colours throughout more vivid than in true pratt’. Face

and crown strongly suffused with ochraceous. Nape-streaks

bright ochraceous buffy. Under surface bright yellowish

buffy, the chest-hairs buffy te the roots, the belly—apart from

the well-developed white median line—wholly buffy, the line

of demarcation on sides not sharply marked, as it is in

M. p. milleri. Chin whitish, almost naked. No trace of the

broad brownish slaty bases to the throat-hairs so marked in

millert. Inner surface of thighs bright “ light orange-yellow.”

Upper surface of hands and feet dark grizzled tawny.

Skull about as.in pratt?, but the bulla markedly smaller.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 337 mm. ; tail 49 ; hind foot 86 ; ear 31,

Skull: greatest length 76°5 ; condylo-incisive length 66 ;

zygomatic breadth 38 ; bulla, length on a line parallel with

the median axis of the skull 13; upper tooth-series 12°3.

Hab, and type as above, the latter collected 9th June, 1916,

by Fréulein E. Snethlage.

There would seem to be three subspecies of the greenish

acouchy, the true Myoprocta pratti of the Marafion of Peru tf,

with the yellowish of the belly quite narrow, its breadth at

most 2 inches, and with comparatively large bulla; secondly,

the form found in Colombia—Z. p. milleri, Allen,—with

broad, sharply defined yellowish belly, the hairs of the throat

dark at base, and the nuchal streaks not strongly developed ;

* Bull. Am. Mus. xxxv. p. 205 (1916).

+ Mr. Pocock did not record the exact locality, but I have been able

to learn from Mr. Pratt that the agoutis were obtained at the Pongo de

Rentema, on the Maraion, about 78° 20’ W.

280 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

and, thirdly, the present form, which represents a considerable

extension eastwards of the range of this type of agouti.

As already stated, I feel quite confident that this animal is

not Wagler’s D, ewilis, as suggested by Allen, and therefore

now give it a new subspecific name.

At Friulein Snethlage’s suggestion I name this well-

marked form in honour of her helper and contributor Senhor

F. Lima, to whom the Goeldi Museum is indebted for many

interesting mammals.

52. Cyclopes didactylus, L.

?. 152,153. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

53. Marmosa domina, sp. n.

3.1600; 2. 156.4157, 159 (young) Villa Bidga ok:

Tapajoz.

M. cinerea group ; tail wholly brown.

Fur not very long, hairs of back about 10 mm. in length.

General colour drabby grey, the sides becoming greyish

drab. Under surface not sharply defined, buffy, the chest

and inguinal region clear buffy, the belly-hairs slaty at base

except along the middle line. Furry portion at base of tail

not very extended, only about an inch in length, and its hairs

not long, about 5-6 mm. Rest of tail naked, brown to the

tip, not whitened terminally,

Skull, as usual in this group, with well-marked triangular

postorbital processes.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 166 mm.; tail 250; hind foot 24:5;

ear 27,

Skull: upper length 45; condylo-basal length 44:5 ;

zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 20x63; interorbital breadth

75 ; breadth across postorbital processes 8°4 ; palatal length

24°8 ; breadth across outer corners of m? 13°8; maxillary

tooth-row 18°5; three anterior molariform teeth 7:2.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult female (basilar suture closed). B.M. no.

20. 7. 14. 89. Original number 156. Collected 19th June,

1917, by Fraulein Snethlage.

Only two members of this group are without white on the

tail-tip—/. germana of Ecuador, which has a more or less

greyish-brown belly, and JZ. regina of Colombia, larger and

more buffy throughout. J. cinerea demerare of Guiana has

ee ee

EE EE =

the Lower Amazons. 281

but little caudal white, and may be the nearest ally of the

present form, but its tail has a considerably longer furry

portion at its base.

54, Marmosa collega, sp. n.

$. 154. Villa Braga, Rio Tapajoz.

A large species of the ineana group; furry part of tail

about an inch in length.

Size rather larger thanin ¢ncana. Fur of moderate length,

hairs of back about 7 mm. in length. Generai colour above

dull cinnamon, about as in M/. murina. Under surfage and

inner side of limbs dull creamy white, the whitish area

narrowed on the belly, where it is about an inch in breadth.

Black orbital rings wel] marked. Hands and feet whitish.

Tail-base furry for about an inch, though the fur there is only

about 4-5 mm. in length; rest of tail naked, brown, with

fine and inconspicuous white marblings throughout its length,

but these are probably often absent.

Skull long, narrow, more strongly built than in zneana,

with well-marked parallel beads along the supraorbital edges,

not projected outwards into ledges, ‘Teeth proportionally

small.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body i148 mm.; tail 204; hind foot 21;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 40°5 ; condylo-basal length 40-2 ;

zygomatic breadth 20°7; nasals 19°3x 4:7; interorbital

breadth 7; breadth across supraorbital beads 7:1; palatal

length 23; breadth across outer corners of m? 11'4; maxillary

tooth-row 16°3 ; length of three anterior molaritorm teeth *

64.

flab. as above.

Tone. Old male. “BM. no. 20. 7. 14. 40. Otivimal

number 154. Collected 7th June, 1917, by Fraulein

Snethlage.

This species belongs to the incana group, which does not

have triangular postorbital processes projecting over the

orbits. It is larger and move brown-coloured than Ad. encana,

aud has a longer furry base toits tail. ‘This latter character

* Ie, p*, m, and m?, not mp*, p*, and m' as Dr. Cabrera seems to

have taken when describing his type of Marmosa polita, which is not

adult, but still retains its milk p*. This is clearly shown by the excellent

figure he gives.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 19

282 On Mammals from the Lower Amazons.

also proves its distinctness from M/. madeirensis, Cabr., a

renaming of Wagner’s Didelphys macrotarsus.

The hairs of the sides of the neck of the type of W. collega

are stiffened and show evidence of some glandular modification.

55. Marmosa lime, sp. n.

9, 85. Ceard (F. Lima).

Allied to M. collega, but fur longer, colour greyer, and

teeth larger.

Size rather less than in collega. Fur long, soft and woolly,

the hairs of the back about 11 mm. in length. General

colour above strong drabby grey, the back nearly “ drab,”

the sides more buffy brown. Under surface deep soiled

buffy, the bases of all the hairs, except on chin and inguinal

region, slaty greyish, their tips ochraceous buffy ; cheeks and

interramia cinnamon-tawny, inguinal region cinnamon-buff.

Tail with quite an inch and a half furry, the hairs about

8 mm. in length; rest of tail brown, with a few conspicuous

whitish marblings terminally. .

Skull very like that of J/. collega, with similar but less

heavy supraorbital beads. Molars rather larger.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 135 mm.; tail 225; hind foot 25;

ear 27.

Skull: greatest leneth 40; condylo-basal length 39:3;

zygomatic breadth 20; nasals 16°7 x 4°55 interorbital breadth

5°8; breadth on supraorbital beads 6 ; palatal length 22°5 ;

breadth across outer corners of m? 17:7; maxillary tooth-row

16°5, three anterior molariform teeth 7:2.

Hab, Ceara.

Type. Adult but not old male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 14. 41.

Original number 85. Lived for some months in the Para

Zoological Gardens, to which it was brought from Ceard by

Senhor F. Lima. Died 11th March, 1916.

This is a very striking species owing to the strong buffy

coloration of the under surface, the long woolly fur, and the

considerable extent of the furry base of the tail, so that it

looks like a small member of the cinerea group. But in a

fully adult specimen, with permanent dentition, its narrow

skul§ and parallel supraorbital beads show that it is really an

ally of the Tapajoz species just described. It is named after

its captor, Senkor F. Lima.

On some Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 283

56. Marmosa parata, Thos.

@ and 2 young. - 11,12,and 18. Para Zoological Gardens.

Described in 1911 trom a specimen obtained at Igarapé-

Assu by Mr, A. Robert.

Specimens nos. 155, from Villa Braga, and 39 and 41, from

Ceaid, are also allied, but show certain differences, for whose

due appreciation further material is required.

57. Monodelphis * brevicaudata, Krx|.

3. Taperinha, near Santarem (Dr. Hagmann).

58. Monodelphis emiliw, Thos.

Peramys emilie, Thos.

6. 161,162. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz.

These eo excellent specimens of this rare and beautiful

opossum are of interest owing to their again showine the

curious vinaceous coloration of the under ‘surface on aed

some notes were given in the original description (/. ¢.).

Both examples are old males and have the coloration covering

nearly the whole of the under surface, quite uniformly, and

similar in each case. It is, perhaps, possible that this colour,

so unlike a normal oe rine colour, may be due to a staining

by some external cause, say a purple-juiced bark, and the

rapid change in the gallon after death recorded by Friiulein

Snethlage would be in favour of such a view.

Whether natural or artificial, it probably increases with

age, as both these examples are quite old, and have it ata

Maximun.

XXXIV.— Notes on some Parasitic Worms from Kast Africa.

By H. A. Bayuis, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE five species to be considered formed part of a collection

of parasites made by Mr. A. Loveridge during 1917-1919 in

British, and what was formerly German, Hast Africa.

NEMATODA.

1. Ascaridia fasciata, sp.n. (Figs. 1-3.)

Host: Vinago delalandii, subsp.

Locality. Dar-es-Salaam.

* Cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. p. 195 (footnote).

ihe

284 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some

This form is very closely related to Ascaridia [ Heterakis |

longecirrata (v. Linstow, 1879 *), the host of which was also

a dove, Geopelia sp. v. Linstow’s very brief description,

however, mentions only nine pairs of caudal papilla in the

male, whereas the present form shows thirteen pairs (see

below). The relative length of the cesophagus is also less

than in v. Linstow’s species.

The male measures up to 43 mm. in length and 1 mm. in

thickness, the female up to 74mm. and 1:9 mm. respectively.

The anterior end is usually curled towards the dorsal side.

Fig. 2.

“.

Lee

ft)

tee

fas 6

Ascaridia fasciata,

Fig. 1.—Head of male; dorsal view. a, cervical ala.

Fig. 2.—Portion of cuticle in optical longitudinal section, showing the

anunular thickenings.

The tail is straight, and tapers to a fine point in both sexes.

There are three large lips of semicircular outline, the dorsal

lip (fig. 1) bearing two large papille, the ventro-lateral lips

each a single median papilla. The diameter of the head is

0-3-0'48 mm. The cuticle is marked with thickened trans-

verse rings (fig. 2), which can hardly be called striations

(cf. v. Linstow’s account of H. longecirrata). In the middle

* Arch. f. Naturg. p. 175, pl. xi. fig. 23.

O-/ mm.

Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 285

of the body they attain a maximum width (measured from

the posterior limit of one ring to the posterior limit of the

next) of 0°1 mm.

The anterior end of the worm is provided with well-

developed lateral alee (fig. 1, a.), attaining a width of 0°3 mm.

or more at the widest part, which is at about 14 mm. from

the anterior extremity, and extending backward for from 3 to

Fig. 3.

to}

Ascaridia fasciata. Caudal end of male; ventral view.

el., cloaca ; 7., lateral cuticular ridge ; sw., sucker,

4mm. The cesophagus is simple and short, shaped like a

slender Indian club, and measuring 2°4-3°7 mm. in length, or

roughly #5 of the total length. The nerve-ring is situated at

0-7-0°9 mm., and the excretory pore at 0°85-1:0 mm., from

the anterior extremity. ‘“ Internal vesicles” (cf. Asearidia

maculosa) are seen within the body-wall, some of them being

very large (up to 0-4 mm. in diameter).

286 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some

In the male the tail (fig. 3) is 0°77 mm. long. The spicules

are of equal length (1°9 mm.), and are alate, measuring

about 0°07 mm. in width. There are thirteen pairs of caudal

papillaee—five postanal, one large adanal, and seven preanal.

The preanal sucker (fig. 3, sw.) measures 0°25 mm. in

diameter. The body is somewhat compressed laterally in the

region of the sucker, and the cuticle raised ventrally into two

longitudinal ridges (fig. 3, 7.) at the sides of the sucker.

These ridges perhaps represent candal ale.

In the female the tail is 1°25-1°6 mm. long.. The vulva is

situated very slightly in front of the middle of the body.

The vagina and unpaired portion of the uterus are short, and

together forma tube which runs forward in a sinuous course

for about 2 mm., before giving off at right angles the two

uterine branches, which run perfectly straight forward and

backward respectively. The ova are of oblong-oval shape,

with a thick shell, and measure 88 wx 45 mw.

2. Subulura loveridget, sp.n. (Wig. 4.)

Host: (?) Mungos [Crossarchus | fasciatus.

Locality. (?) Morogoro.

This is a slender little worm, which occurred in very large

numbers. The identification of the host, unfortunately, is

somewliat doubtful, owing to the loss of the collector's label,

but Mr. Loveridge believes that it was that named above. A

species of Subu/ura is already known from a clos«ly-related

host (S. schebeni, v. Linst., from Cynietis penicillata), but

the present species is considerably larger.

The largest specimens measure: male 19 mm. long and

0°52 mm. thick, female 29°7 mm. long and 0°65 mm. thick.

‘There are no cervical ale. The cesophagus, including the

posterior bulb, measures 1°75 mm. in length from the anterior

extremity in the male, and 2°15 mm. in the female. The

bulb is distinctly marked off by a constriction, contains a

chitinous denticular apparatus, and measures 0°3-0°35 mm. in

length. The nerve-ring is situated at 0°35 mm. from the

head-end in both sexes, and the excretory pore at 0°625-

0-65 mm.

In the male the caudal end (fig. 4) is provided with a

ru limentary preanal sucker (fig. 4, sw.). The tail itself

measures 0°37 mm. in length. ‘There are ten pairs of papille,

of which seven are postanal. The second and seventh pairs

are situated more laterally than the rest. The two equal

spicules (fig. 4, sp.) measure 1°55 mm. in length. At the

proximal end they are simple and tubular, but at about

Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 287

0°4 mm. from the base the tubular portion is suddenly nar-

rowed to form a supporting rib along the dorsal edge, while

the ventral edge is produced into a flange. ‘There is an

accessory piece (fig. 4, ap.) measuring 0°23 mm. in length.

The extremity of the tail is produced into a very fine tapering

filament.

Fig. 4.

Sp:

ROSS

Ze if

Lif

Subulura loveridget. Caudal end of male; lateral view.

a.p., accessory piece ; sp., spicule ; sw., sucker ; 1-10, papille.

In the female the tail, which is 17 mm, long, tapers

gradually from the anus to a fine point. The vulva is

situated considerably in front of the middle of the body, at

11‘9 mm. from the head-end. There is an ovejector like that

of S. allodapa and S. forcipata, as described and figured by

288 Mr. H. A. Buylis on some

Seurat *. The ovejector itself measures 0°65 mm, from the

vulva in a forward direction, ending anteriorly in an oval

chamber into which the vagina opens dorsally by a narrow

canal with thick walls. At a point 0°95 mm. from the vulva

the vagina bends back upon itself towards the posterior end.

The precise course of the uteri has not been traced, but they

appear to run back nearly as far as the anus, and then turn

forward again, the most anterior coils extending to within

1:6 mm. of the cesophageal bulb. The ova contain coiled

embryos, and measure 75 wx 62°5 p.

3. Thelazia depressa, sp.n. (Figs. 5-7.)

Host: (?) Mungos [Crossarchus| fasciatus.

Locality. (2?) Morogoro.

In the same tube with the numerous specimens of Subulura

just described there oceurred a pair, male and female, of a

O-/mm.

Theluzia dep esea. Head of female; lateral view.

Zp., lateral papilla; m.e., wall of mouth-capsule ; s.m.p., submedian

papilla.

form which appears to belong to the genus Thelazia. The

usual habitat of the worms of this genus is the orbital region

of birds and, more rarely, of mammals. It is possible that

* C. R. Soe. Biol. Paris, ii. (1914) p. 154, figs. 2, 4,

Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 289

the present case is one of pseudo-parasitism, the actual host

having been some bird or other animal upon which the

mongoose had just been feeding when it was killed. The

worms are fairly well preserved, though the cuticle of the

male has been ruptured in one place.

The total length is about 14 mm. in the male and 21 mm.

in the female. ‘I'he body, especially anteriorly, is flattened

dorso-ventrally. The maximum thickness (from side to side)

Fig. 6.

Thelazia depressa. Caudal end of male; lateral view.

a.p., accessory piece ; Lsp., left spicule; 7.sp., right spicule.

is 1mm. There are pronounced transverse cuticular rings,

with very prominent posterior edges. They are especially

well-maiked on the anterior portion of the body, where they

are 25-35 w in width (antero-posteriorly). Towards the tail

they gradually become narrower and less prominent.

There is a wide and shallow mouth-capsule with very thick

cuticular walls (fig. 5, m.c.), but without teeth. It measures

0-04 mm. in depth and 0°05-0°06 mm. in width. The mouth

290 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some

is surrounded by papille, of which two are lateral (fig. 5, Lp.)

and four submedian (fig. 5, s.m.p.), the latter being apparently

double papilla. The terminations of the papille are at the

bases of small funnel-like cuticular depressions. The ceso-

phagus is simple, increasing slightly in diameter posteriorly,

and both it and the anterior part of the intestine are very

slender. The length of the cesophagus"is 1:2 mm. in the

male and 1°3 mm. in the female. ‘There is a pair of very

prominent lateral neck-papillz situated at about half the length

Fig. 7.

Thelazia depressa. Tail of female; ventral view.

c.p., caudal papilla.

of the oesophagus from the anterior end. The nerve-ring

surrounds the cesophagus at 0°5 mm. from the head-end. No

excretory pore has been detected.

The tail, in both sexes, ends bluntly in a slight knob-like

swelling, which is most pronounced in the female. The

caudal end of the male (fig. 6) is curved towards the ventral

side, and the tail itself measures 0°3 mm. in length. There

are no caudal ale. Tle caudal papille are small; there are

about fifteen pairs—four postanal (close together), one pair

Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 291

adanal, and about ten preanal, in a regular series. Imme-

diately in front of the cloaca there is an unpaired ventral

papilla. Two very unequal spicules (fig. 6, l.sp., rsp.) and

an accessory piece (fig. 6, a.p.) are present. The left spicule

measures 2‘7 mm. in length, and is very slender. The right

spicule is much stouter, but measures only 0°5 mm. in length.

The latter is alate for the distal half,

In the female the tail (fig. 7) is 0°35 mm. long and is

quite straight. On the ventral surface, close to the tip, it

bears a pair of minute papille. The vulva is situated in the

cesophageal region, just behind the neck-papille. The vagina

runs posteriorly as a narrow tube for some distance. ‘The

two uteri run posteriorly in parallel coils. They are wide and

thin-walled tubes, containing large numbers of fully-formed

embryos, closely coiled together, and apparently not enclosed

in egg-shells. The species is therefore apparently viviparous.

The coils of the ovaries extend back to within 3°5 mm. of

the anus.

CESTODA.

4. Ovchoristica zonuri, Baylis, 1919.

Host: Zonurus tropidosternum.

Locality. Dodoma.

The original specimens of this form * eame from the same

host-species, from Portuguese Hast Africa. The present

specimens do not differ sufficiently from the type to be

regarded as a distinct species, but there are certain discrep-

ancies which indicate that the species O. zonuri is a some-

what variable one, In size the present material is distinctly

smaller than the type, the longest complete specimen not

exceeding 80 mm. in length, while the greatest width is about

2mm, ‘he worms are less contracted in an antero-posterior

direction, and show a considerable unsegmented neck behind

the scolex. The scolex itself is slightly larger (about 1:1 mm.

in diameter), The suckers also are a little larger (0°55 x

0-4 mm.). The most posterior segments are longer than

broad, ‘The number of testes appears to be from eighty to

ninety, instead of sixty to seventy, as in the type.

‘The measurements given in the key to certain species

of Oochoristica from lizards, in my former paper, should, of

course, be regarded as a rough guide only, and were intended

as such. It is clear that such measurements must be of rela-

tively small value in the case of cestodes, which are liable to

exhibit great variations due to different states of contraction.

* ¢ Parasitology,’ xi. (1919) p. 406.

292 Mr. H. A. Baylis on some

5. Oochoristica crassiceps, sp.n. (Figs. 8 and 9.)

Host: Psammophis subteeniatus.

Locality. Mombasa.

The material consists of two specimens. The larger of

these measures about 3 cm. in length. Portions of the

smaller individual have been used for the preparation of

sections, but it is impossible at present to give a very complete

account of the anatomy.

External Features.

The scolex (fig. 8) measures 1:0-1'L mm. in width. A

rudimentary rostellam is present, measuring 0°5 mm. in

O-S5mm.

Oochoristica crassiceps. The scolex.

transverse diameter. ‘he suckers, of which two are situated

on the dorsal and two on the ventral surface, are sunk into

the substance of the scolex, and their apertures are anterior.

‘Their outside measurements are 0°3 mm. antero-posteriorly

and 0°25 mm. transversely. The strobila is widest towards

the anterior end, where it attains a maximum width of

13mm. Posteriorly it tapers gradually down to 0°65 mm.

in the last segment.

Parasitic Worms from East Africa. 293

The cuticle is less wrinkled than is usual in the genus, and

there is little external sign of segmentation, the inter-

segmental divisions being marked only by a slight constric-

tion. There is no sign of segmentation at all for about

2°5 mm. from the anterior end. ‘This unsegmented “ neck ”

measures 0°9 mm. across at the narrowest part. Behind this

about one hundred segments can be counted, but the more

anterior of them are very ill-defined. ‘The youngest segments

are much broader than long. Mature and early gravid

segments are about twice as broad as long, while posteriorly

the length gradually increases in proportion to the breadth,

the last three or four segments being longer than broad.

The genital pores are irregularly alternating, and are situated

near the anterior corners of the segments.

Internal Structure.

Tu a transverse section the medullary parenchyme occupies

about one-third of the total dorso-ventral diameter. Of the

longitudinal muscles, the inner layer, which separates the

cortical from the medullary pareuchyme, is the most highly

developed, consisting of twenty to thirty bundles of fibres

dorsally and a similar number ventrally. Externally to this,

in the thickness of the cortical parenchyme, there is another

layer, consisting chiefly of single fibres, vaguely subdivided

into two concentric series,

The excretory system, as far as can be seen in the sections,

consists of the usual two pairs of longitudinal vessels, which

are situated at some distance from the lateral borders of the

segments and nearer to the middle line than the longitudinal

nerves. Both vessels on either side follow a very tortuous

course. One of them is wider and thinner-walled than the

other, but it is difficult to decide which is dorsal and which

ventral. Transverse intersegmental vessels cannot be made

out with any certainty, nor does there appear to be any

network,

Genital Organs.—The genital pore leads into a cloaca

(fig. 9, cl.) about 0°1 mm. long, with a narrow lumen distally,

but expanding into a wider chamber proximally. The genital

ducts pass between the two excretory vessels, and (assuming

that the wider of these is, as usual, the ventral one) ventrally

{o the longitudinal nerve. (This is contrary to the arrange-

ment found in other species of Oochoristica in which the

point has been studied.) he cirrus-sac (fig. 9, ¢.s.) is

of an elongate pear-shape, the widest part being nearest to

the genital cloaca. It measures about 0°15 x 007mm. ‘The

294 On some Parasitic Worms from East Africa.

vagina (fig. 9, vag.) opens into the cloaca behind the cirrus-

sac, in the same horizontal plane. It has a wide lumen for

the greater part of its length, the distal portion probably

serving as a receptaculum seminis. Just before reaching the

female glands it suddenly becomes narrow. ‘The vas deferens

Fig. 9.

vid.

C.S.

vag.

wit.

Oochoristicu crassiceps. Semidiagrammatic view of the arrangement of

the genital organs in three consecutive mature segments (from

a whole preparation).

cl., genital cloaca ; ¢.s., cirrus-sac: ov., ovary; ¢., testes; vag., vagina;

v.d., vas deferens ; vit., yolk-gland.

(fig. 9, ved.) is considerably coiled. ‘There is no specialized

seminal vesicle.

he general arrangement of the female organs is similar

to that found in other species. ‘The ovary (fig. 9, ov.) is

tle most anterior organ, and lies in the median field of the

On Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. 295

segment, very slightly towards the pore side. It attains a

transverse diameter of nearly 0°4 mm., and is more or less

distinctly divided into two lateral portions. The yolk-gland

(fig. 9, vit.) lies behind it, and has a maximum diameter of

about O-l mm. Between the ovary and yolk-gland is the

shell-gland.

There are from twenty to thirty testes (fig. 9, ¢.), arranged

in a single layer at the back of the segment, in the median

field, and not extending forward at the sides further than the

level of the yolk-gland. ‘heir average longest diameter

(transverse) is about 0°05 mm.

Mature segments begin to appear at about the fortieth

from the posterior end, There are only about eight segments

with fully developed organs before the appearance of extra-

ovarian eggs. It is doubtful whether a uterus with a definite

wall ever exists—if so, it only persists through one or two

segments. ‘The ova seem from the first to be scattered at

random in the parenchyme without a definite enclosing

membrane. The onchospheres measure about 30 mw in

diameter,

This seems to be only the second species of Oochoristica

recorded from a snake, The other is O. rostellata, Zschokke,

1905*, from Zamenis viridijlavus. The present form appears

to be more closely related to O. rostellata than to the various

species trom lizards, especially in the possession of a rudi-

mentary rostellum, in the anterior position of the openings of

the suckers, and in the excessively tortuous course of the

lateral excretory vessels. It differs considerably from it,

however, in dimensions and in the much smaller number of

testes.

XXXV.—WNote on Young Specimens of Anthenea sp.

By G. A. SMITH.

INCLUDED in a collection of echinoderms recently made by

A. Loveridge, Esq., at Dar-es-Salaam, G.E.A., are two dry

specimens which may be referred to the above genus.

Recent reports on collections from the above neighbourhood

and from the Indian Ocean have contained descriptions of

young specimens of Pentaceros and Anthenea, suggesting

affinities with certain known species; but, on account of the

lack of a large and varied series of specimens and the high

* Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool, 1xxxiii. p. 53.

296 Mr. G. A. Smith on

degree of variation known to occur in these genera, authors

have refrained from making specific determinations. This

tendency of modern echinologists to resist the temptation of

unduly creating new genera and species is of advantage to

systematic workers. Attention will be drawn below to the

tubercles on the marginal plates, and a suggestion is offered

concerning certain spines on the actinal surface. In order

that the life-history of these and allied forms may be deter-

mined, it is essential that the records of all young specimens

should be collated, and ‘that a collection be made. of a series

of specimens showing the developmental stages. This need

is emphasized by the suggestion that some species possess

spines only during certain growth-stages.

Anthenea sp.

Two immature examples from Dar-es-Salaam, G.E.A.,

15/1/19; littoral zone. Coll. Loveridge. No, 14.

The colour of one specimen is pale yellow and of the other

pink, They are approximately the same size, the main

dimensions being as follows :—

R=23. r=12. R=1°9r.

Body stellato-pentagonal. Disc 6 mm. thick, not elevated ;

arms 10 mm. broad at the base, tapering to 3 mm. at the

distal end, round and slightly upturned. ‘he lophial line is

very distinct, and has fourteen rounded plates, the proximal

five of which each have a blunt tubercle increasing in size

towards the centre of the disc; the tubercles are roughened

but not granulated. The interbrachial are is subacute.

The dorso-lateral plates may be round or hexagonal, are

Jarge proximally, but diminish and become more regular in

shape distally; they are covered with well-defined small

round granulations. On each side and including the lophial

line there are three parallel rows of round plates, extending

from the centre to the distal end of the arm. ‘The lophial

series reaches the terminal plate, the other two rows stop

short at the fourth supero-marginal plate (counting from the

distal end). Small valvate pedicellariz are irregularly

disposed on these plates, excepting on the lophial line. One

specimen appears to have been dead when collected, for the

plates on the abactinal surface are much more definite, owing

to the granulations having become worn by friction or by the

action of the waves. ‘This has made evident an arrangement

similar to that in Anthenea flavescens, which in the second

specimen is but barely suggested, viz., of a diagonal dis-

position of two rows of four lateral plates, leading from an

Young Specimens of Anthenea sp. 297

interradial plate to an interbrachial are. The plates are

almost triangular, with the bases of opposed plates parallel.

Proximally they are about 1 mm, in diameter, but the pair in

contact with the supero-marginals is less ; there is a faint

fissure between the two rows. ‘The pore-areas are round,

slightly larger distally than proximally. All the plates of the

apical system excepting the interradials bear tubercles, which

here number from one to three and measure less than 1 mm.

The central plate is composed of large granules which are

heaped close together. There are about thirty-four and

eighty-four tubercles on the abactinal plates of the respective

specimens,

On the actinal surface the @entro-lateral plates are granu-

lated, slightly convex, ovoid in shape, and decreasing in size

as they approach the margin. There is a distinct row running

on each side of the furrow and parallel to the ambulacral

groove, extending to the third or fourth infero-marginal plate

(counting from the distal end). The inter-oral plate is pear-

shaped, and is the largest; several of the plates bear pedi-

cellariz. On the whole, the actinal face presents a closely

tessellated surface. There is a well-defined furrow on each

side of and parallel to the ambulacral groove ; it is closely

paved with very small round granules. Lying in the furrow

are a number of small pedicellarie with their long axes

parallel to the groove. At the distal end of the arm, and on

each side of the last two paired infero-marginal plates, are :

series of six small blunt spines, which may be the result of

the persistence of what was once a second row of adambu-

Jacral plates. The actinal distal end of the arm being slightly

upturned, the spines would serve the purpose of very effective

armature to an exposed part.

The adambulacral plates have three or four short, blunt,

oval spines, not always equal ; they are largest at the middle,

but toward the oral region become short and thick ; here, too,

granules encroach upon their sides. There is one series only,

and the plates in it are in contact with each other throughout.

There are fourteen supero-marginal and fourteen infero-

marginal plates; both are granulated and take part in forming

the sides of the arms; a well-defined line runs round the arms

between the two sets of plates. The supero-marginals are

convex and very prominent; at the interbrachial are they

rise 1 mm. above the disc, but distally they are almost level.

The granulations resemble a mosaic of small plates, are

distinct, of varying size, and generally round and slightly

convex. Arranged transversely on these plates are one to

six irregular dome-like tubercles, the majority of the plates

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 20

298 On Young Specimens of Anthenea sp.

having three; in some they have become fused together and

elongated. The tubercles themselves are not granulated, but

are developed from the granules, and on some of the plates

the process may be seen in various stages of development.

At the interbrachial are the plates are wedge-shaped, 3 mm.

broad and 4 mm. long, but distally they become broader and

square. ‘The terminal plate is small, being about the size of

the last paired marginal. Further, it is granulated and may

have tubercles.

The infero-marginal plates approximate to the supero-

marginals, but continue on to the actinal surface also, and

are well-defined ; the change in shape distally is well illus-

trated in both specimens. The @ranulations are more regular

than on the upper series. On the second plate, counting

from the interbrachial are, tubercles begin to develop and

increase in size and number toward the distal end of the arm;

but they are not nearly so prominent as those on the supero-

marginal plates. ‘There are no pedicellariz on the marginal

plates.

The madreporite, which occupies an interradial position,

measures 2 mm. ; it is lozenge-shaped and coarsely striated ;

the strize radiate centrifugally, very little convolution being

noticeable. It is surrounded by a ring of evenly placed

granules.

The specimens are undoubtedly young examples, and

correspond in some respects to the description of Anthenea sp.

described by Simpson and Brown (1), and also have certain

affinities with Straster tuberculatus described by Clark (2).

But the differences are so marked that it is not possible to

accept Clark’s very full generic and specific diagnosis as

applicable to the present specimens. Keehler (3) gives a

very short account and a figure of Anthenea sp., juv.; but he

does not refer to the ambulacral region, the description of

which is essential to a correct identification of the specimens.

The absence of tubercles from the centro-radial plates and

from the supero-marginals are points wherein Keehler’s

specimens differ from those above described.

LITERATURE.

(1) Siupson, J. J., and Brown, R. N. Rupmose. 1900. “ Asteroidea

of Portuguese East Africa.” Proc, R. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh,

xviii. (1910-1912) p. 50.

(2) Crark, H. L. 1915. ‘The Echinoderms of Ceylon, other than

Holothurians.” Spolia Zeylanica, x. pt. 37 (1915), p. 86.

(3) Ka@uier, R. 1910. “An Account of the Shallow-water Aste-

roidea.” Hchinoderma of the Indian Ocean, pt. vi. p. 91, pl. xvi.

figs.

On a new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. 299

XXXVI.—A new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis.

By W. T. CaumAN, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG the numerous species of the genus Serolis, S. latifrons,

Miers, stands apart on account of the structure of the uropods,

which, as Beddard* pointed out, “ recalls that characteristic

of the Spheromide.” Beddard also stated that the species

differed from all the other members of the genus in having

minute ‘ epimera” separated by suture from the first abdo-

minal somite. It will be shown below, however, that these

structures really belong to the last thoracic somite, of which

no trace persists on the dorsal surface in any other species.

The Museum has recently received from the South Shetland

Islands specimens of a new species agreeing in these and

other characters with S. latefrons. The two species might

very well be treated as forming a distinct genus, but it is not

convenient to do so without undertaking the re-grouping of

the remaining species of the genus Serolis. As a contribution

towards this re-grouping, the following arrangement, based on

some of the more obvious characters, is suggested :—

A. Uropods without endopod, exopod articu-

lated to outer margin of the prolonged

spiniform peduncle. Tergum of last tho-

racic somite interrupted in the middle,

where the first abdominal comes in contact

with the penultimate thoracic tergum ;

lateral portions persisting as a pair of

minute sclerites each with a coxal plate

Separated by suture: 20 2.5...0- 020056555 Group of S. latefrons.

B. Uropods with endopod and exopod movably

articulated with the peduncle. Tergum

and coxal plates of last thoracic somite

absent.

a. Tergum of penultimate thoracic somite

Complete g esses os vera see hae s nocware Group of S. paradowa.

b. Tergum of penultimate thoracic somite

interrupted in the middle, so that the

first abdominal comes in contact with

the antepenultimate thoracic tergum .. Group of S. tuberculata,

The first of these groups will contain, in addition to

S. latifrons, only the new species described below. The

group of S. tuberculata comprises the six Australian species

* Rep. [sopoda ‘ Challenger,’ pt. 1, 1884, p. 46.

300 Dr. W. T. Calman on a new

named by Beddard (7. c. pp. 66 and 81) as forming “a well-

marked subdivision of the genus,” together with S. bakerd,

recently described by Chilton*. The group of S. paradowa

includes all the remaining species of the genus, and will no

doubt be found to deserve further subdivision.

Studer +, who describes the uropods of S. latifrons in

detail, regards the distal portion of the appendage as corre-

sponding to the acute prolongation of the peduncle in S. para-

doxa and other species, and states that one of the rami is

suppressed while the other is reduced and spiniform. This

interpretation (with the added assumption that the persisting

ramus is the exopodite) is adopted here in preference to that

of Beddard, who states that ‘‘ the endopodite becomes fused

with the protopodite and is extraordinarily elongated.”

Beddard states that in S. latifrons “the first abdominal

segment, which in no other species of Serolis known to me

has any trace of epimera, has distinct though very minute

epimera separated from the tergum by a suture which is

continuous with that dividing the epimeron and tergum of the

segment in front.” The existence of distinct ‘ epimera” (or

coxal plates) on an abdominal somite would be without

parallel not only in the genus Serolis, but among the Isopoda

as a whole. As a matter of fact, the parts in question are

quite similar in S. late/rons to those of the new species here

described (text-fig. 2). A small sclerite (b), rounded or

triangular in form, lies in contact with the external angle of

the tergum of the first abdominal somite on each side.

Separated from this sclerite by a groove or suture is a nar-

rowly triangular or almost linear piece (a) wedged in between

the terga of the first abdominal and the seventh (penultimate)

thoracic somites. On disarticulating a specimen these two

sclerites are easily separated from the first abdominal somite,

and they are then seen to be continuous below with the sternal

piece which carries tle socket for the last pair of legs. There

can be no doubt that the outer of the two sclerites (6) is the

coxal plate of the last thoracic somite, and that the narrow

piece (a) with which it is connected on the inner side is a

vestige of the tergum. of the same somite. This persistence

of the lateral portions of the tergum is an interesting parallel

to what happens in the case of the seventh (penultimate)

thoracic tergum in the species of the ¢tuberculata group,

although in that case the lateral portions and their associated

coxal plates remain of large size.

* Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, xli. 1917, p. 398.

+ Arch. Naturg. xlv. (1) 1879, p. 31.

Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. 301

Descriptions of species of Serol’s, even those of some recent

authors, tend to be obscure or even misleading as regards the

general segmentation of the body. Grube*, describing in

certain species a dark transverse line (really a ridge) on the

lateral expansions of the segment following the head, regarded

it as indicating that this sezment was composed of two

somites, those of the maxillipeds and first legs (or gnathopods)

respectively. On this view the groove or suture-line which

marks off the head runs between the maxillary somite and

that of the maxillipeds. This interpretation was accepted

and clearly enunciated by Beddard (J. c. p. 8), and 1s more

obscurely implied by many subsequent writers. Gerstaecker T

confused matters still further by assigning the maxillipeds to

the head while stating that the two following somites were

fused together—an opinion that had the advantage of ac-

counting for the full number of thoracic terga, but could

hardly have survived the examination of a single specimen.

As a matter of fact, in Serolis, as in all other Malacostraca

with the exception of Bathynellat, the first thoracic somite

(that of the maxillipeds) is completely incorporated in the

head. The articulation between the head and the second

thoracic somite, which in most Isopods is more or less

movable, is represented in Serolis by a suture-line which

corresponds, at the sides of the head, to a deep fold of the

exoskeleton, but in the occipital region becomes reduced to a

shallow groove. Grube’s “dunkle Querlinie,” whatever its

significance, cannot possibly indicate the limit between two

somites.

The chief differences between the two species composing

the lati/rons group may be briefly set forth as follows :—

Dorsal surface of head and hbody-somites neariy

smooth. Telsonic segment smooth except for

a median and a pair of curved submarginal

OMES) Cae ooraneUOOn etc Se coperedes Sixes ... SS. latifrons, Miers,

Dorsal surface of head and body-somites strongly

sculptured. Telsonic segment studded with

tubercles between the median and submarginal

ridges and with a pair of short submedian

Ble OSM east hes ties cvepe seis SielgleS aeie sleel ais dtev'sishsey Sn 0Cdaardl, sp, Th

Serolis beddardi, sp.n. (Text-figs. 1-3.)

Locality“ From stomachs of fish (Trematomus or Noto-

thenia). Deception Island, Bransfield Straits, 5-7 fath.

22, 1. 18," 1.9 (holotype), 1 ¢.

* Arch. Naturg. xli. (1) 1875, p. 211.

t+ Bronn’s ‘ Thierreich,’ Crustacea, p. 19 (1880).

J Calman, Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. lxii. 1917, p. 502.

302 Dr. W. JT’. Calman on a new

“FHrom stomachs of fish. South Shetlands. 5. 1. 14.”

Many specimens (dried).

“ From stomachs of Rock Cod. Outside Deception Island,

Bransfield Straits. 18.12.13.” Many specimens.

Collected by Mr. A. G. Bennett. In each case the speci-

mens were accompanied by numbers of S. polita, Pfeffer.

Description.—Closely resembling S. latifrons, Miers, but

with the dorsal surface strongly sculptured. The body is

Serolis beddardi, sp. n., female. xX 3.

less convex and, as a rule, somewhat narrower. Dorsal

surface of head, terga of thoracic and abdominal somites,

and, to a less extent, the coxal plates rugose or vermiculate

with a more or less symmetrical pattern. The coxal plates,

especially those of the last three complete thoracic somites,

much less produced backwards and less acute than in S. /ati-

Jrons, although with some variation in both species. The

pit on the under surface of each side-plate of the second

thoracic somite (Grube’s “ sense-organ”’) is deep and sharply

apenas

Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. 303

defined; the arched outer margin of this side-plate is minutely

serrated, and, like the margins of the succeeding coxal plates,

is fringed with long setee.

The telsonic segment (text-fig. 2) is rather broader and its

lateral margins more sinuous than in S. latifrons. The

median keel, with a marked pit near its anterior end where it

unites with a short curved transverse ridge, is similar in the

two species. The submarginal ridge on each side also runs

a similar course in both, parallel to the front margin ante-

riorly, then curving round to run parallel to the lateral

margin, but it is more sharply defined in the new species, and,

Fig. 2.

Serolis beddardi, sp. n., female. Posterior part of body, further enlarged.

a, vestige of tereum of eighth thoracic somite ; 4, coxal plate of

same somite ; G; tergum of first abdominal somite.

in the anterior part of its course, it is undercut posteriorly

On either side of the median keel, behind the middle of the

segment, is a pair of short, somewhat irregular, submedian

ridges, converging posteriorly. Between the ridges the

surface is studded with prominent widely-spaced tubercles or

oranules.

The appendages differ very little from those of S. latifrons.

The distal segments of the walking-legs are rather less

slender.

- Although there is some variation in the relative length of

304 On a new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis.

the exopod of the uropods, it is usually about one-fifth of the

total length of the appendage. Studer figures it in S, lati-

frons®* as about one-third of the total length, but in the

specimens which I have examined it does not differ con-

spicuously from that of S. beddardt.

Measurements in mm.—Holotype (female with empty

marsupium): length 23°76, breadth (across third thoracic

somite) 16°5, depth of body about 6°25 ; telsonic segment,

leneth 7:5, breadth 12:5.

Male: length 22-0, breadth 16°75, depth about 5:25.

The largest specimen (a female) measures 25 mm., the

smallest 6°5 mm. in length. In very small specimens the

sculpturing of the dorsal surface and the tubercles of the

telsonic segment are much less marked, but the submedian

ridges of the latter are well developed.

Rig. 3.

Serolis beddardi, Light uropod, from above.

Remarks.—If Serolis lati/rons is confined, as seems possible,

to the Kerguelen area J, the habitat of S. beddardi is separated

by no less than 130 degrees of longitude from that of its most

closely related congener. Mr. C. Tate Regan has called my

attention to a similar parallelism among the fishes of the

genus Notothenia in the two regions of Kerguelen on the one

hand and South Georgia and Graham Land on the other f.

It seems only fitting that one of the species of Serolis

should bear the name of the author to whom we owe the

‘Challenger’ monograph of the genus.

* Aych. Naturg. xlv. (1) 1879, pl. ili. fig. 20.

+ The type-specimen named by White and described by Miers is stated

to have come from the Auckland Islands (Rendezvous Cove), but the

species has not since been recorded from that locality. As the specimen

reached the Museum in a collection comprising others from Kerguelen

(e. g., the types of 8. quadricarinata), there may possibly have been some

confusion of localities.

¢ Regan, Fishes Brit. Antarct. (‘Terra Nova’) Exp. 1914, p, 36.

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XXXII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of Hapato-

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SMITH

XXXVI. A new Species of the Isopod Genus Serolis. By W. T.

“Cian, DBe. ok 8 ee ee ey eek 299

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XXXVII.—WNotes on various African and Asiatic Species of

Hapalochrus, Hr., with an Account of their accessory

- &-characters | Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S.

[Concluded from p. 266. ]

[Plate VIII. |

46, Hapalochrus filicornis, sp. n.

3. Very like H. foveiger (No. 44), and differing as follows :

antenne slender, filiform ; elytral puncturing a little denser

and finer; anterior tibiz more slender, simply excavate in

about their outer third within ; intermediate femora not

foveate at the base inferiorly ; intermediate tibize narrower

and much less thickened (only a little stouter than in ? ),

foveate at the middle beneath, and also shallowly excavate

at the apex inferiorly, without definite lobe at the inner

apical angle.

2. Antenne asin ¢.

Length 5-54, breadth 2-2i mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. EF. Arrica, Kashitu and Mwengwa, N. Rhodesia

(H. C. Dollman : i., ii., x1. 1914 and i. 1915).

Described from two precisely similar males and three

females. Very like H. foveiger from the same region, with

the ¢-characters less developed than in most of the allied

species. The anterior tarsi have the second joint narrowly

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 21

306 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

extended over the third, as in the ¢ of that insect. Smaller

and less robust than 7. janthinus, Fairm. (goossensi, Pic),

the elytral puncturing much finer, the intermediate tibie

of ¢ narrow.

47, Hapalochrus angulatus, sp. n.

3. Elongate, somewhat convex, shining, the head sub-

opaque ; thickly clothed with rather long, semi-erect hairs ;

cyaneous, bluish-green, or green, the antennal joints 1-3 in

part, and the intermediate femora at the base, testaceous,

the rest of the legs and antenne black or metallic. Head

densely punctulate; antennz not very stout, subfiliform.

Prothorax transverse, obliquely narrowed behind, closely

punctulate laterally, almost smooth on the disc. Elytra

long, widened to near the apex, broadly rounded at the tip ;

densely, not very coarsely punctate. Anterior tibize com-

pressed and slightly sinuate ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2

slightly thickened, subequal in length, 2 with a claw-like

extension over 3; intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 28)

moderately thickened, angularly dilated at the middle

externally, and deeply, sinuously excavate from about the

basal third to near the apex, and also excavate at the tip,

beneath.

?. Legs wholly black or metallic.

Length 4-4,1,, breadth 2mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. FE. Arrica, E. foot and slopes of Aberdare Mts.,

alt. 7000-8500 ft. (S. A. Neave: 24-27. 11. 1911: 3, type).

Described from two males with precisely similar ¢ -cha-

racters, the angular lateral median dilatation of the inter-

mediate tibiz being an unusual development in the genus.

H. rollei and H. sinuatipes, Pic (1911), from “ E. Africa,”

are perhaps allied forms.

48. Hapalochrus cyanocephalus, sp. 0.

d. Elongate, rather narrow, shining, the head opaque ;

finely pubescent, and also clothed with long, semi-erect,

fuscous hairs; head and prothorax cyaneous, the elytra

green, the antennal joints 1-4 in part, the bases of the

intermediate femora beneath and the ventral segments

(some black markings excepted) testaceous, the rest of the

legs, antenne, and under surface black. Head rugulosely

punctulate ; antennee long, rather stout, subfiliform. Pro-

thorax broader than long, very sparsely punctulate, smooth

on the disc. LHlytra long, gradually widening to near the

apex, the latter rounded; densely, rugulosely punctured.

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 307

Anterior tibiz sinuate, compressed before the tip ; anterior

tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 extending over 3 ;

intermediate tibize moderately thickened, sinuate externally,

without lobe at the inner apical angle, excavate at the middle

and apex beneath.

Length 33, breadth 12 mm.

Hab. W. Centran Arrica, Nyangwe, Belgian Congo

(R. Mayné: iiiiv. 1918).

One male. This species agrees with H. testaceicornis,

dilaticornis, &c., in having a finely rugulose, opaque, blue

head ; but it differs from them in the basally unarmed

anterior femora, the simply sinuate, feebly incrassate, non-

appendiculate intermediate tibize, and the undilated antennz

(which are formed as in the ? of the insects mentioned),

of the ¢. 4H. inchoatus, found at the same date at

Nyangwe, has a shining, more distinctly punctured head.

H. angulatus, from the Aberdare Mts., is perhaps the nearest

allied form to H. cyanocephalus, the latter having the elytra

less dilated posteriorly and more densely and not so coarsely

punctate, aud the intermediate tibize of ¢ less angulate

externally.

49. Hapalochrus rhodesianus, sp. n.

3d. Moderately elongate, shining, sparsely clothed with

fine pubescence intermixed numerous long, erect, fuscous

hairs ; blue or bluish-green, the head and prothorax some-

times ‘brassy-cupreous, the antenne, palpi, and legs black or

metallic. Head short, slightly depressed in front, sparsely

punctate ; antennz rather short, broad, serrate, joints 5-9

strongly transverse. Prothorax much broader than long,

a little wider than the head, very sparsely punctate, smooth

and feebly canaliculate on the middle of the disc. Elytra

widened posteriorly, depressed on the disc below the base,

coarsely, closely punctate, the puncturing becoming a little

sparser anteriorly. Anterior trochanters with a curved,

hook-like tooth ; anterior femora with two or three setz at

the base; anterior tibiz sinuate, compressed towards the

apex ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened,

2 extending over 3; intermediate tibiz moderately and

abruptly widened from a little below the base to near the

tip, excavate at the apex beneath.

?. Antenne much more slender, feebly serrate.

Length 33-5, breadth 137-2 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. HK. Arrica, Mwengwa in N.W. Rhodesia (Hi. C.

Doliman : xii. 1918 and i. 1914).

21*

308 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

Eleven examples, including four males. Smaller, less

elongate, and more shining than H. platycerus (No. 35), the

autenne less dilated, the head and prothorax shorter and

much smoother, the elytra coarsely, less densely punctate,

the intermediate tibize of the male comparatively slender, and

abruptly, equally thickened from near the base, the anterior

trochanters toothed in the same sex. The more closely

punctured elytra, and the broader antennz and angulate

intermediate femora in ¢, separate the present species from

H, hamatus.

50. Hapalochrus furcatus, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, shining, sparsely clothed with

fine pubescence intermixed with numerous long, erect,

blackish hairs; cyaneous, the head and prothorax some-

times brassy or green, the legs, palpi, and antenne black or

metallic. Head short, sparsely punctulate ; antenne mode-

rately long, rather stout, feebly serrate, joints 3-9 longer

than broad. Pyrothorax much broader than long, sparsely

punctulate, smooth across the middle of the disc. Elytra

gradually widened posteriorly, depressed on the disc below

the base, rather coarsely and not very closely punctate, the

puncturing becoming more diffuse anteriorly, the interspaces

here and there obliquely raised or plicate. Anterior tro-

chanters unarmed; anterior tibie with a rather stout

obliquely raised lobe at the middle above and compressed

thence to the apex ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly

thickened, 2 extending over 3 ; intermediate tibiz mode-

rately thickened, sinuate, excavate at the middle and tip

beneath.

?. Antennee more slender and much shorter.

Length 4—44, breadth 1?-2 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. KE. Arrica, Kashitu in N.W. Rhodesia (H. C.

Dollman : i. 1915).

Three males and four females. Recognizable by the

obliquely lobed anterior tibiz# and the simply sinuate,

moderately thickened intermediate tibiz of the male, the

elytra rather sparsely punctate and with somewhat plicate

interspaces, the upper surface very shining, wholly or in

great part cyaneous, the legs and antenne black or metallic.

The puncturing of the elytra is sparser and a little finer than

in H. rhodesianus, a claracter by which their respective

females may be separated.

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 309

51. Hapalochrus irregularis, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, rather narrow, very shining,

sparsely pubescent, and also somewhat thickly set (the legs

included) with long, dark, suberect, bristly hairs ; cyaneous

or bluish-green, the elytra sometimes brassy, the legs,

antenne, and palpi black or metallic, the abdomen in part

testaceous. Head and prothorax sparsely punctulate, the

latter transverse and smooth on the disc ; antenne serrate,

rather stout, long, about reaching the middle of the elytra.

Elytra widened posteriorly, sharply margined, depressed on

the disc anteriorly, bluntly rounded at the tip; rather

sparsely, irregularly, moderately coarsely punctate, the

interspaces uneven, here and there transversely or obliquely

plicate. Anterior tibie with a broad rounded lobe at the

middle, and excavate and compressed beyond this ; anterior

tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2. projecting over 3; inter-

mediate tibiz moderately incrassate, sinuate, subangulate

externally, and deeply excavate at the middle and apex

beneath, without lobes at the tip.

Length 4-43, breadth 14-2 mm.

Hab. W. Cunrrat Arrica, Congo da Lemba (R. Mayné :

1, 11., iv. 1913), Léopoldville (Dr. A. Dubois: v.—vi. 1911).

Described from twelve males belonging to the Congo

Museum, all but one from Congo da Lemba. Near the

Rhodesian H. furcatus, the antenne much longer, the

intermediate tibize stouter (formed much as in 4H, angulatus),

the median lobe of the anterior pair larger. The elytra

have an immature appearance as in /7. mollis (No. 53), the

puncturing being much coarser than in that species. The

? is apparently unrepresented in the abundant Congo

material before me,

52. Hapalochrus amadiensis, sp. n.

6. Elongate, narrow, very shining, sparsely pubescent

and also somewhat thickly set with long, semi-erect, blackish,

bristly hairs ; cyaneous, the basal joimt of the antennz

beneath and the ventral sutures testaceous, the rest of the

antenne, the palpi, and legs black or metallic. Head and

prothorax very sparsely punctulate, the latter smooth on the

disc and nearly as long as broad ; antennz moderately long,

rather stout, subserrate. Hlytra long, widened posteriorly,

sharply margined, rounded at the tip, depressed on the

dise anteriorly ; coarsely, closely punctate, the interspaces

here and there transversely or obliquely plicate. Anterior

310 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

trochanters with a short blunt tooth; anterior tibiz simply

“sinuate, without median dilatation; anterior tarsal joints

1 and 2 thickened, 2 projecting over 3; intermediate femora

hollowed before the apex beneath, appearing subangulate at

the middle ; intermediate tibiz slightly sinuate and feebly,

abruptly incrassate from near the base to the tip, the

lower surface foveate at the middle and hollowed at the apex.

Length 5, breadth 2} mm.

Hab. W. Cenrrat Arrica, Amadi, Belgian Congo (P. van

den Plas: iv. 1913).

One male, in the Congo Museum. More elongate than

H. irregularis (¢), the antennz much shorter, the pro-

thorax less transverse, the elytra more coarsely punctured,

the anterior tibiz simply sinuate, the intermediate tibiz

feebly, abruptly widened from near the base, as in the same

sex of the Rhodesian H. hamatus. Compared with the last-

named insect, the g of the present species may be distin-

guished by the stouter anterior tibie, the subserrate antenne,

and the closely, coarsely punctate elytra. The simply sinuate

anterior tibiz, the subangulate intermediate femora, and the

more coarsely punctured elytra separate H/. amadiensis from

H. confusus, 3, an insect with similar intermediate tibie.

53. Hapalochrus mollis, sp. nu.

6. Elongate, shining, thickly clothed with long, fine,

erect hairs ; bluish-green or green, the head and prothorax

sometimes brassy or the elytra cyaneous, the antenna, palpi,

and legs wholly black or metallic ; head and _ prothorax

sparsely punctulate, the latter smooth on the dise. Antenne

stout, serrate, tapering towards the tip, joints 6-9 strongly

transverse. Prothorax transverse, small, obliquely narrowed

behind. Elytra long, widened posteriorly, uneven, depressed

on the disc below the base; closely, finely punctate, the

interspaces here and there obliquely plicate. Anterior tibize

thickened at a little beyond the middle and hollowed thence

to the apex; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly

thickened, subequal in length, 2 extending over 3; inter-

mediate tibiz rather broadly, abruptly, and equally widened

from near the base to the apex, distinctly sinuate externally,

truncate at the tip. .

¢. Antenne shorter and not so stout, feebly serrate.

Length 34-4, breadth 143-2 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. E. anp W. Crnrrat Arrica, S. of Lake George

[type | and Plains N.E, of Lake Hdward in Uganda, Valley

of Upper Nzoia River, N. Kavirondo, 8. foot and slopes of

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus 311

Mt. Elgon, alt. 8200-5800 ft. (S. A. Neave: vii., x. 1911:

eo 3 Belgian Congo, Kasindi (Dr. Bayer, in Mus. Congo

Belge: 13. iv. 1912 : 9)

Three males and three females captured by Dr. Neave

and a female by Dr. Bayer. A small, bluish-green, hairy

insect, with uneven, finely punctured elytra, and black legs

and antenne, the ¢ with stout, serrate, tapering antenne,

and abruptly widened, sinuate intermediate tibie. The

finely punctured elytra separate H. mollis from H. rhodesianus

and H. hamatus, both of which have different ¢-characters.

54. Hapalochrus armatus, sp. 0.

6. Elongate, shining, clothed with long, blackish, sem1-

erect hairs ; green, bluish-green, or violaceous, the antenn

almost wholly, and the legs entirely, black or metallic ;

head and prothorax very sparsely punctate, the latter smooth

on the disc. Antenne stout, serrate, moderately long.

Prothorax transverse, convex, ‘obliquely narrowed behind.

Elytra long, widening to near the apex, somewhat flattened

on the disc, more or less depressed or hollowed below the

base, rounded at apex; closely, confusedly, rather coarsely

punctate, smoother and diffusedly punctured at the base.

Anterior trochanters produced into a short blunt tooth ;

anterior tibize rather stout, rapidly widened to about the

middle, and obliquely compressed beyond this ; anterior

tarsal joints 1 and 2 subequal in length, slightly thickened,

2 extending over 3; intermediate femora almost straight ;

intermediate tibiz moderately incrassate, slightly sinuate,

excavate at the middle and apex beneath.

9. Antenne a little shorter and more slender.

Length 5, breadth 25mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. B. Arrtca, Mlanje in Nyasaland (S. A. Neave:

Ly; ui, 1913).

One pair. Larger and more robust than H. hamatus and

H. rhodesianus, the elytra more closely punctured, the

anterior tibiz strongly dilated. The following. species,

H. confusus, seems to be its nearest ally.

55. Hapalochrus confusus, sp. n.

6. Extremely like H. armatus and differing as follows:

the elytra a little more finely punctured, the interspaces

more uneven, here and there obliquely raised; anterior

trochanters unarmed ; anterior tibie feebly, subangularly

dilated ; intermediate femora hollowed before the apex

312 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

(appearing subangular at about the middle) ; intermediate

tibie slightly narrower, feebly sinuate.

?. Elytra rounded or subacuminate at apex.

Length 4-54, breadth 2-22 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab, K. Arrica, Nandi Escarpment [type] and S. foot and

slopes of Mt. Elgon [¢ ?], Mpanga Forest, Toro, Top of

Escarpment N. of Fort Portal, Jinja—Busia, and Yala River,

S. edge of Kakumba Forest, alt. 3800-5800 ft. (S.A. Neave :

& ¢), Ngare Narok, Masai Reserve (Capt. A. O. Luck-

man 2).

Six males and numerous females, the latter possibly not

all belonging here. H. confusus forms a sort of connecting-

link between H. armatus and H. amadiensis, these two insects

having toothed anterior trochanters in ¢, and the latter

wanting the angular dilatation of the anterior tibiz in the

same sex. Some of the females slightly approach H.

caudatus, type ? , in the shape of the elytra, and females of

both of them were taken near Jinja.

56. Hapalochrus caudatus, sp. n.

?. Elongate, somewhat depressed, shining, sparsely

pubescent and also clothed with long, erect, fuscous hairs ;

brassy or bluish-green, the elytra in great part or wholly

cyaneous, the antenne (the testaceous lower surface of

joint 1 excepted) and legs black or metallic. Head and

prothorax almost smooth, the latter broader than long and

obliquely narrowed behind; antennz rather short, sub-

serrate. Elytra long, widening to near the apex and then

rapidly narrowed and produced at the tip, sharply margined

laterally, flattened or depressed on the disc anteriorly ;

closely, somewhat coarsely punctate, the interspaces here

and there obliquely plicate.

Length 54-65, breadth 23 mm.

Hab. EK. ann W. Crntrat Arrica, Mbale-—Kumi Road,

south of Lake Salisbury, between Jinja and Busia, Siroko R.,

near west foot of Mt. Elgon, and Banks of Nile near Kakindu,

alt. 3400-4000 ft. (S. A. Neave: vil. 1911), Kambove,

Katanga, alt. 4000-5000 ft. (S. dA. Neave: ii. 1907: type) ;

Belgian Congo, Kilom. 245 de Kindu (LZ. Buryeon, in Mus.

Congo Belge: 25.11.1912).

Seven females, varying in the length of the caudiform apices

of the elytra. No male has been detected in the collections

before me that seems likely to belong to this species, the

first to be described with the elytra thus shaped. JH. con-

fusus is perhaps the nearest ally ; but the 9° of that insect

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 313

has the elytra rounded or very slightly produced at the apex,

and the confused puncturing closer and finer.

57. Hapalochrus maynet.

3. Hapalochrus maynet, Pic, Rev. Zool. Africa, iii. p, 881 (1914).

3. Antenne comparatively short and slender, subfiliform,

joints 8-5 not longer than broad ; anterior trochanters

unarmed; anterior tibiz slender, slightly compressed beyond

the middle; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 a little thickened,

2 extending over the base of 3; intermediate femora

slender ; intermediate tibiz feebly incrassate, distinctly

sinuate externally, foveate at about the middle beneath.

Hab. W. Cxuntran Arrica, Congo da Lemba [type]

(Eh. Mane: vy. 1912, i—iv. 191383 ¢ 9), Nyangwe (Ck.

Mayné: iii-iv. 1918: ¢), Amadi (P. van den Plas:

ili.iv. 1913: ?).

The ¢-characters given above are taken from a long

series from Congo da Lemba, including the type and

numerous other specimens of the same sex. Amongst the

various very similar insects from the same region, H. den-

satus, longicornis, patruelis, &c., all of which have the sides

of the prothorax rugulose, H. maynei may be distinguished

by its small size (length 21-22 mm.), the short, slender

antenne in both sexes, the feebly thickened intermediate

tibiz in g, and the finely punctured elytra.

58. Hapalochrus dolimant, sp. n.

2. Hlongate, narrow, almost parallel-sided, shining,

clothed with fine whitish pubescence intermixed with very

long, erect, fuscous hairs ; bluish-green, the head and pro-

thorax witha faint brassy tinge, the mouth-parts, basal joints

of antenne, and the tibis, tarsi (except at their tips), and

ventral sutures, testaceous, the rest of the antennez black.

Head sparsely punctulate, tumid in the middle in front ;

antenne slender, serrate, rather elongate. Prothorax

broader than long, nearly as wide as the anterior portion of

the elytra, narrowed behind, convex, deeply foveate in the

middle and excavate laterally at the base, sparsely punctate

along the margins, LElytra long, slightly widened poste-

riorly, depressed on the dise below the base, densely, very

finely, rugulosely punctate.

Length 44, breadth 13 mm.

Hab. E. Arnica, Mwengwa, N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Doll-

man: 13. 1v. 1904).

314 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

One female. Near the Palearctic H. femoralis, Er., and

similarly coloured ; the antenne longer, serrate ; the head

much smoother ; the elytra more densely punctate ; the erect,

dark, bristly hairs on the upper surface longer. The ¢ pro-

bably has slender intermediate tibize, as in the less elongate

S. African H. dasytiformis (No. 10), and in the northern

H. femoralis and its allies. In the absence of this sex, A.

dollmani cannot be included in the Key given on pp. 179-180.

59. Hapalochrus semilevis, sp. n.

do. Rather short, pilose, very shining ; bluish-green, the

elytra cyaneous, the antennee (the testaceous lower surface

of the basal joints excepted) black or metallic. Head and

prothorax almost smooth, the head short, broad, the pro-

thorax transverse, obliquely narrowed behind; antenne

rather slender, the joints from 3 onwards much longer than

broad, 2 longer than 38. LElytra rather short, rapidly

widened from the base, blunt at the tip, transversely

depressed on the disc below the base and along the suture

anteriorly ; coarsely, closely punctate, almost smooth at the

base and apex. Anterior trochanters sharply toothed ;

anterior tibie rather stout, strongly sinuate, compressed

and excavate towards the apex within, and abruptly

emarginate and diaphanous on its inner edge before the tip ;

anterior tarsal joint 2 short, simple; intermediate tibize

rapidly thickened from the base, becoming very stout

towards the apex, rounded and convex externally, hollowed

before the tip within, and with a short, compressed lobe at

the inner apical angle.

Length 4}, breadth 2 mm.

Hab. EH. Arrica, Dedza District, Central Angoniland,

alt. 4000-5000 ft. (S. A. Neave: 21-27. v. 1910).

One male. In this insect the elytra are rather short and

subtriangular, coarsely, closely punctured at the sides and

across the middle, and almost impunctate at the base

and apex, a form of sculpture unusual in the present genus ;

and the anterior trochanters are sharply toothed, the anterior

tibiae strongly sinuate, and the intermediate tibiz very

stout. The nearest allied form in the collections before

me, H. inequalis from Nyasaland &c., also has simple

anterior tarsiin ¢.

60. Hapalochrus inequalis, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, clothed with erect, blackish,

bristly hairs ; brilliant bluish-green, the elytra cyaneous in

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 315

one specimen, the antenne (the testaceous lower surface of

the basal joints excepted) and legs black or metallic. Head

and prothorax almost smooth, the head short, broad, the

prothorax transverse, obliquely narrowed behind ; antennz

rather stout, the joints longer than broad. LElytra widening

posteriorly, rounded at the apex, transversely excavate on

the dise anteriorly and depressed along the suture at the

base ; unequally punctate, the punctures coarse and crowded

at the sides and more scattered on the disc, becoming very

fine or obsolete at the base and apex. Anterior trochanters

producedinto a very short tooth; anterior tibiz rather slender,

obliquely excavate, and with the inner margin diaphanous

towards the apex ; anterior tarsal joint 2 shorter than 1,

simple ; intermediate tibiz almost straight, becoming gradu-

ally stouter towards the apex, and furnished with a rather

long narrow lobe at the inner apical angle and a curved

pencil of hairs beneath the outer angle.

?. Antennze not quite so stout; body fully winged.

Length 43-5, breadth 2,4,-24 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. Arrica, Mlanje in Nyasaland (S. A. Neave:

8.1. 1913: g ?), Lusinga Isl., E. Victoria Nyanza (S. A.

Neave: iv. 1911: 9).

A pair from Mlanje and a ? from Lusinga. More

elongate than H. semilevis, the puncturing of the dise of the

elytra more diffuse ; the g with a shorter spur to the

anterior trochanters, the anterior tibiz less sinuate, and the

intermediate pair straighter, less swollen, and bearing a

longer appendage at the inner apical angle. The anterior

tarsi of ¢ are simple as in /Z. amplipennis and H. modestus.

61. Hapalochrus triangularis, sp. n.

3. Of the general facies of H. modestus, Bourg. ; brassy

green above ; antenne rather slender ; prothorax obliquely

narrowed and very feebly sinuate at the sides before the

base ; elytra comparatively short, much widened posteriorly,

bluntly rounded and somewhat convex at the apex, the

puncturing not quite so coarse; anterior trochanters

toothed ; anterior tibiz feebly dilated at,the middle (as

in A, modestus) ; anterior tarsi simple; intermediate tibize

(Pl. VIII. fig. 29) strongly incrassate, convex and rounded

externally, excavate and with a short compressed lobe near

the inner apical angle.

Length 33, breadth 1,°, mm.

flab. K. Arrica, Kikuyu Escarpment, Kijabe-Limuru,

Uganda Railway, alt. 7000 ft. (S. A. Neave: iii. 1911).

516 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

One male. A larger, more robust ? (length 5 mm.),

found at a lower elevation S..of Lake George, with stouter

antenne and relatively longer elytra, and another from

E. Busoga, cyaneous in colour, both taken by Dr. Neave,

may belong to the same species. H. viridimetallicus,

jeanneli, and lusanganus var. dentaticovis, Pic (1919), are

doubtless allied forms, but the incomplete diagnoses are

useless for the purposes of identification ; the sex of the

first two of them is not stated, and the third should have a

tooth on the anterior trochanters, not on the coxe.

62. Hapalochrus constricticollis, sp. n.

3. Elongate, shining, clothed with long, semi-erect

blackish hairs; head bluish-green, prothorax brassy-black,

elytra cy aneous, the antenne, “palpi, legs, and under surface

greenish or black, the antennal joints 1-3 testaceous beneath.

Head and prothorax very sparsely punctulate, the prothorax

almost smooth on the disc, nearly as long as broad, and

strongly constricted posteriorly, the basal portion narrow ;

antenne long, subfiliform, rather stout. Elytra long,

flattened on the disc, widening to near the apex, the latter

rounded ; very coarsely, closely, uniformly punctate.

Anterior trochanters dentate; anterior tibie gradually

widened to about the middle and then obliquely sulcate and

compressed; anterior tarsi simple, joint 2 shorter than 1] ;

intermediate tibie (Pl. VIII. fig. 30) strongly incrassate,

rapidly widening from the base, sinuate externally, and

furnished with a rather broad, compressed, outwardly curved,

appendage at the inner apical angle, the outer apical

angle toothed beneath, the lower surface deeply, obliquely

excavate beyond the middle and also excavate at the apex,

the apical excavation fringed with long fulvous hairs in front.

Length 4,1,, breadth Qui, mm.

Hab. W. Centrat Arrica, Beni—Lesse, Belgian Congo

(Dr. Murtula: vii. 1911).

One male. More elongate than H. modestus, Bourg., the

type of which is before me, the prothorax more strongly

constricted before the base, the dilated median portion of

the anterior tibis not produced into a tooth (as in A.

modestus, the g¢ thus differing from that of H. amplipennis),

the intermediate tibire with a longer, compressed, curved

appendage at the inner apical angle.

63. Hapalochrus cyaneonitens, sp. n.

3d. Elongate, rather convex, very shining, thickly clothed

with long, erect, blackish, bristly hairs ; brilliant cyaneous,

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 317

the legs, palpi, and antennz black or metallic, the inter-

mediate trochanters in one specimen, and the ventral sutures,

reddish. Head sparsely punctate; antennz rather stout,

long. Prothorax transverse, wider than the head, smooth

on the disc, sparsely punctured at the sides. LElytra

long, widened posteriorly, very coarsely, somewhat diffusely

punctate, the puncturing becoming more crowded at the

sides and finer at the base. Anterior tibiz rather stout,

thickened at the middle, and then strongly, obliquely

compressed ; anterior tarsal jvints 1 and 2 subequal in

length, slightly thickened, 2 simple; intermediate tibize

greatly thickened, convex externally, excavate at the middle

and apex beneath, and with a short compressed lobe at the

inner apical angle.

Var. kamerunus, n. The elytra much more closely and

finely punctured, the vestiture longer and more abundant.

[d ¢@.] ,

Length 5-6, breadth 23-24 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab, Ki. anv E. Centra Arrica, Road to Kilossa, Usagara

District, alt. 1500-2500 ft. [type] (S. dA. Neave: 22-26.

xit. 1910: dG 2), Serenje District in N.E. Rhodesia, alt.

4500 ft. (S.A. Neave: 16. x11.1907: og); W. Centra Arrica,

Babua Bondaye, Kamerun (6. v. 1914: Mus. Brit.: @ 2, var.).

Extremely like the variable and abundant H. janthinus,

Fairm. (goossensi, Pic), and possibly confused with that

species by Bourgeois, wanting the claw-like superior pro-

longation of the second anterior tarsal’ joint in @, which is

very distinct (when the tarsus is viewed in profile) in a

Kilimandjaro example named by him and lent me by

Dr. Sjéstedt. The four specimens selected as types (8 ¢ 8

and 1 ¢?) have the elytral punctuation coarse, and sparse on

the disc, while the var. kamerunus (5 ¢ 3) has it closer

and a little finer, and exactly as in the enormous series of

HM, janthinus from the Belgian Congo before me, these latter

having the claw-like tarsal development to the second tarsal

joint. HA. inequalis and H. semilevis are allied insects with

toothed anterior trochanters and simple anterior tarsi in ¢,

the former having narrower and more strongly appendiculate

intermediate tibiz, and the latter much shorter elytra.

64. Hapalochrus kenyensis.

? Apalochrus semicupreus, s.sp. kenyensis, Vic, Mélanges exot.-entom,

xxxl. p. 10 (¢ 2) (Oct. 1919).

3. Rather short, fusco-hirsute, brilliant bluish-green, the

elytra cyaneous, the antenne (the lower surface of joints

1 and 2 excepted) and legs black or metallic. Head and

318 Mr. G. ©. Champion on various African

prothorax rather small, almost smooth, the latter transverse,

sparsely punctulate at the sides; antenne feebly serrate ;

elytra gradually widened to beyond the middle, blunt

at the tip, densely, coarsely, rugosely punctate; anterior

trochanters without tooth; anterior femora subangulate

beneath; anterior tibiz moderately thickened, sinuate, com-

pressed and obliquely excavate towards the apex; anterior

tarsi simple, joint 2 short; intermediate tibize greatly

thickened, short, convex and rounded externally, excavate

at the apex beneath, and with a short compressed lobe at the

inner apical angle.

Length 34, breadth 1,9; mm.

Hab. E. Arrica, 8.E. slopes of Kenya, alt. 6000-7000 ft.

(S. A. Neave: ii. 1911), Kabete (7. J. Anderson: 25. x.

197):

Two males, possibly referable to H. kenyensis, Pic, and

the only species before me from the Kenya region fitting

his very incomplete diagnosis. Smaller than HH. semicupreus

(No. 83), the head and prothorax almost smooth, the elytra

a little more parallel, the ¢ with simple anterior tarsi, and

wanting the tooth to the anterior trochanters and the angular

dilatation of the anterior tibize.

The @, according to Pic, has posteriorly dilated elytra,

and it may be represented amongst the variable series of

specimens of that sex placed by me under H. amplipennis,

Harold.

65. Hapalochrus amplipennis.

@. Hapalochrus amplipennis, Harold, Monatsh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,

1878, p. 220; Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1887, p. 158.

Hapalochrus (Paratinus) amplipennis, Bourg. in Sjostedt’s Kili-

mandjaro-Meru Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 188 (¢ 2) (1908).

g. Antenne long, rather slender, joints 3-9 elongate,

2 (=8 of Harold) longer than 8; anterior trochanters un-

armed; auterior femora hollowed in their outer half beneath;

anterior tibize widened and compressed, angularly dilated or

dentate at about the middle, and deeply, obliquely excavate

immediately beyond this; anterior tarsal joint 1 longer

than 2, 2 short, simple ; intermediate tibiz greatly thickened,

subtriangular, convex and rounded externally, excavate

beneath, and furnished with a rather broad, short, compressed

lobe at the inner apical angle; elytra narrow at the base,

rapidly widened to beyond the middle, and bluntly rounded

at the apex; wings ample.

¢. Elytra inflated and more rounded at the sides; wings

much reduced in size.

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 319

Length 33-54, breadth 2;5-3 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. E. Arrica, Kitui (type of Harold), Lake Mutandu

in Uganda (C. #7. Marshall ; 10. iti, 1911 : S ?), Ruwenzori

(Scott EHiliot: 9%), S. foot of Mt. Elgon, S.E. slopes of

Kenya, E. foot and slopes of Aberdare Mts., Kikuyu

Escarpment, S.E. Buddu, S.E. Ankole (S. A. Neave: ¢ 2),

Nairobi (Dr. A. D. Milne: 6; S. A. Neave: 9), Ruiru

(T. J. Anderson: g), Narok, Masai Reserve (Capt. A. O.

Luckman: & 2), Embu (Orde-Brown: ¢), Kilmandjaro,

Meru, Kibonoto (Dr. Sjéstedt: 3 2), Ukamiberge (Mus.

Brit.: 9), Ruanda district (Dr. C. H. Marshall: @).

There is a long and variable series of this species,

including a dozen males, in the British Museum, and a ¢

and ¢ of it from Kibonoto named by Bourgeois have been

sent me by Dr. Sjostedt for examination. The upper

surface is usually cyaneous or bluish-green, the prothorax

being brassy-cupreous in the pair from Lake Mutandu.

Some of them have the prothorax distinctly sinuate before

the base, and one or two others have the elytra. obsoletely

unicostate. ‘lhe head and prothorax are almost smooth,

and the elytra are very coarsely punctured. The elytra in

the females vary in length, probably according to the develop-

meut of the wings, one of the three from Elgon having them

considerably longer than the others. The Mutandu speci-

mens approach /7. semicupreus, Pic,as here recognized. Laius

latipennis, Pic (1906), type 9, from Rodolph, E. Africa, is

queried by Bourgeois as synonymous with H. amplipennis,

Harold; but, if correctly identified by me, it is separable from

the latter by the elongate, narrow third antennal joint in that

sex, and therefore belongs to Heferolaius (cf. ante, p. 179).

66. Hapalochrus modestus.

Hapalochrus (Paratinus) modestus, Bourg. in Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-

Meru Exped. i. Abt. 7, No. 10, p. 184 (¢ 2) (1908).

6. Anterior tibie feebly dilated at the middle, the dilated

portion not produced into a tooth; the other characters as

in H. amplipennis, Harold.

Hab. KE. Arrica, Kilimandjaro and Meru, Kibonoto

(Dr. Sjistedt: 8 @).

Dr. Sjéstedt has kindly lent me a pair of this species.

Apart from the less dilated anterior tibize of the male, they

have the prothorax more constricted at the base than usual

in H. amplipennis, a long and variable series of which

(including a pair named by Bourgeois) is before me.

320 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

67. Hapalochrus scabrosus, sp. n.

?. Elongate, opaque above, shining beneath, clothed, the

legs included, with very long, erect, blackish hairs ; bluish-

green, the dorsal surface of the abdomen (the last three

segments excepted) red, the antennee (the basal joint in part

excepted), palpi, and legs black or metallic. Head and pro-

thorax rather small, densely scabroso-punctulate, the latter

broader than long, abruptly, sinuately narrowed posteriorly,

and with shallow basal depression. LElytra long, somewhat

inflated, about as broad as the prothorax at the base, widened

to about the middle, the sides rounded from a little below

the base to the apex ; coarsely, confluently, rugosely punc-

tate, the raised interspaces dull, densely punctulate. Wings

abbreviated.

Length 43, breadth 2} mm.

Hab. HE. Arrica, Mau, Masai Reserve (Capt. A. O. Luck-

man: 7.1. 1914). ©

One specimen, injured by pinning. Differs from the

other species with subapterous females, H. amplipennis,

modestus, semicupreus, &c., by the opaque upper surface, the

densely punctulate, scabrous head and prothorax, and the

very coarsely, confluently punctured elytra, the insect thus

having a different aspect from any of its allies. It is one of

several new Malacoderms discovered by Capt. Luckman in

Central Africa.

Key to the Asiatic Species.

3d.

25 (26). Antenne flabellate ; anterior tarsal joint 2 pro-

longed above; body metallic. [Malayan

TOPION. || iersinw pe Sen naer Ase hn oc hee lag eton Species 68, 69,

26 (25), Antenne serrate; anterior tarsal joint 2 pro-

longed above.

27 (82). Elytra maculate,

28 (29). Intermediate trochanters scaphiform (No. 70)

or produced into a downwardly-directed lobe

(No. 71); intermediate tibiz slightly thick-

ened, sinuate within. [India, Burma, &c.]. Species 70, 71.

29 (28). Intermediate trochanters and tibie simple.

30 (81). Anterior trochanters toothed. [India.]...... Species 72.

81 (380). Anterior trochanters unarmed. [Persia.] .... Species 73.

32 (27). Elytva not maculate; body metallic; anterior

trochanters, with a short tooth ; intermediate

tibie incrassate and appendiculate. [Arabia.] Species 74.

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus, 321

68. Hapalochrus luzonensis.

? Hapalochrus luzonensis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. x. p. 15 (3)

(Oct. 1914).

3. Elongate, subparallel, robust, shining, thickly clothed

with rather coarse whitish pubescence, with long erect hairs

intermixed; bluish-green, the oral organs, basal joimts of

antenne, legs, and abdomen testaceous, the rest of the

antenne black. Head and prothorax closely punctulate ;

the latter convex, wider than the head, transversely sub-

quadrate as seen from above, rounded at the sides as seen

laterally, uneven, broadly hollowed down the middle pos-

teriorly, and with an oblong prominence in the centre of

the depression ; antennze long, strongly flabellate from the

third joint. Elytra long, at the base not broader than the

prothorax, slightly widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex ;

densely, finely, rugulosely punctate. Anterior tibize thick-

ened, strongly, simply simuate within, hollowed beneath ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, subequal in length,

2 extending over base of 3 and nigro-pectinate at the tip;

intermediate tibice very stout, broadly dilated, convex, slightly

sinuate externally, almost straight on their inner edge, deeply

suleate beneath, without trace of lobe at the inner apical angle.

?. Antenne much shorter, serrate from joint 2 onward ;

prothorax much smoother on the disc; femora partly

infuscate.

Length 43-5, breadth 2mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. Puiuierines (Mus. Brit.: 9%), Luzon (type of Pic:

6), Mindoro (L. Everett: 3).

The above description is taken from a pair in the British

Museum. The ¢ agrees fairly well with Pic’s diagnosis of

H, luzonensis, except that he makes no particular allusion

to the greatly thickened intermediate tibia, these (and the

posterior pair also!) being given as « Spaissies. 2a ‘Nhe-present

insect is narrower and less convex than the African

H. sjéstedti and H. simoni, and the pale legs, &c., separate

it from HZ. mirabilis, Pic.

69. Hapalochrus mirabilis.

3. Hapalochrous mirabilis, Pic, L’Echange, xxiii. p. 134 (1907).

g. Antenne long, strongly flabellate from joint 4 onward ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 projecting over

the base of 8; anterior tibize sinuate within ; intermediate

tibize simple.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9, Vol. vi. 22

322 Mr. G. ©. Champion on various African

9, Antenne shorter, serrate.

Length 34-43, breadth 14-23 mm. (d¢ ?.)

Hab. Tongin, Dap-Can (type of Pic); Prenane (Mus.

Brit.); ? Inv1a (Mus, Brit.).

Five males and one female, apparently referable to

Hi. mirabilis, are contained in the British Museum. ‘These

specimens are all from the Bowring collection, received in

1863, but the locality “India” requires confirmation.

An elongate, narrow, very shining, cinereo-pubescent, bluish-

black form, with cyaneous, densely, very finely punctate

elytra; the prothorax almost smooth, transversely excavate

in the middle at the base, and obsoletely canaliculate

anteriorly ; the antennz and legs black.

70. Hapalochrus fasciatus.

Cantharis fasciata, Faby. Ent. Syst. 1. 1, p. 218 (1792).

Apalochrus letus, Evichs. Entomographien, p. 51 (1840) (part.) ;

Bourg. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxv. p. exl (1891).

Apalochrus fasciatus, Gorh. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxix. p. 317 (1895).

Apalochrus depictus, Gorh. loc. cit. (¢ Q).

¢g. Anterior femora incrassate; anterior tibie slightly

hollowed towards the apex within; anterior tarsal joints

1 and 2 stout, 1 transverse, 2 elongated and extending over

3 to its apex, nigro-pectinate at the tip; intermediate tro-

chanters (Pl. VIII. fig. 82) elongated, boat-shaped, pointed

at the tip; intermediate femora stout, strongly incrassate

towards the base ; intermediate tibiz moderately thickened,

deeply excavate towards the apex within, the trochanter

being received into the cavity when the tibize are drawn

inward.

Hab. Invia, Nepal, Bengal, Lohadugea, Berkampur, &c.

(Mus. Brit.), Sitapur in W. Almora (H. G. Champion),

Calcutta (type of depictus), Kanara, Belgaum (H. EF.

Andrewes), Kunbir Nowaloti, Tetara, Kurseong (sec. Bour-

gevis).

Gorham correctly stated that two species had been con-

fused by Erichson under the name H. fasciatus, but he

omitted to note that the @-characters of the insects he

called H. fasciatus and H. depictus were precisely similar.

The latter was based upon specimens (¢ ?) with the

eyaneous elytral marking much reduced in size, those from

Belgaum and Kanara determined by him as H. fasciatus

having them much more extended. This character, and the

development of the prothoracic vitta, which is sometimes

reduced to a small spot (but never wholly absent as in

H1. letus, ¥.), proves to be of no importance when a long

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 323

series is examined. Himalayan examples belong to the

form depictus, the types of which were said to be from

Calcutta.

71. Hapalochrus letus.

Malachius letus, Faby. Syst. Eleuth, i. p. 305 (1801).

Apalochrus letus, Gorh. Ann. Soc. Ent. xxxix. p. 817 (3b 9) (1895).

3. Intermediate trochanters (Pl. VIII. fig. 27) produced

into a stout, downwardly-directed lobe, which is abruptly

truncate at the tip; the other characters asin H. fasciatus.

Hab. Burma, Toungoo, Shuegyin, Tharrawaddy (coll.

Andrewes); ?Sumarna (type of Fabricus),

Fourteen examples seen, including five males, nearly all

in very bad condition. Extremely like the darker form of

H. fasciatus from Kanara and Belgaum, and only separable

therefrom by the wholly rufescent prothorax and the

peculiar form of the ¢ intermediate trochanters. Mr.

Andrewes has been kind enough to lend me the specimens of

these two species which were examined and reported upon

by Gorham in 1895.

72. Hapalochrus malabarensis.

Hapalochrus malabarensis, Pic, Le Naturaliste, xxv. p. 81 (1903).

3. Apalochrus (Spinapalochrus) malabarensis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-

entom. xxx. p. 12 (June 1919).

6. Antennz long, stout, serrate, tapering towards the

tip, joint 2 much longer than 3 ; anterior trochanters armed

with a long, slender tooth; anterior tibiz slender, curved,

hollowed towards the apex within, the apical portion slightly

thickened; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 stout, short, sub-

equal in length, 2 extending over base of 8; intermediate

tibize hollowed from about the middle to near the apex

within,

Length 43, breadth 2 mm.

Hab. (nvia, Mahé, Malabar (type of Pic), Ceylon (Col.

Yerbury).

A male from Ceylon, presented to tle British Museum in

1892, agrees with Pic’s original description, except in its

smiller size and the entirely black posterior legs. This

insect has the head black, the prothorax rufescent, and the

elytra bluish-black, with a common, narrow, median fascia

and a spot at the tip testaceous. H. malabarensis and

H. rufofasciatus, Pic, the latter from Tonkin (1919), are

referred to a new subgenus, Spinapalochrus, by him, the

characters [| ¢ | given for it being ‘‘ Coxis an icis dentatis,

pedibus simplicibus,” the trochanters having evidently been

Z2*

324 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

mistaken for the coxee and the anterior tarsal structure over-

looked. The toothed trochanters is a character to be found

in various metallic African Hapalochri, and the subgenus,

if adopted, would separate many closely allied insects.

73. Hapalochrus persicus, sp. n.

&. Elongate, depressed, rather narrow, subparallel, closely

pubescent, ‘the prothorax shining, the rest of the upper

surface duller or opaque ; green or brassy-green, the anterior

margin of the head, the oral organs and antennee (the

more or less infuscate outer half of the latter excepted), the

prothorax with a large spot or transverse patch on each side

in front (sometimes “connected along the anterior margin or

reduced to a narrow streak), the elytra with a large, common,

triangular, scutellar patch, a narrow, angulate, post-median

fascia, and a common, transverse space at the apex (the

basal and post-median markings sometimes narrowly con-

nected along the suture and the apical one usually extending

outwards along the apical margin), the legs (a small black

patch at the apices of the femora, and the apices of one or

more of the tibize, excepted), and the under surface in part,

testaceous. Head densely, regulosely punctured, transversely

depressed anteriorly ; antennze rather stout, moderately long,

serrate, joints 2 and 3 wider than 4. Prothorax broader

than long, as wide as or wider than the head, the sides

rounded and converging posteriorly, the transverse basal

sulcus deep; finely punctured at the sides, smoother on the

disc. Elytra long, slightly widening posteriorly, flattened

on the disc; densely, very finely, rugulosely punctate.

Anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 rather stout, extending over

the base of 3, subequal in length, 2 slightly swollen, rounded

and nigro-pectinate at the tip; anterior and intermediate

tibize slender, simple.

9. Antenne shorter and more slender, subserrate.

Length 5-6, breadth 1,%-275 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. Persta, Kurdistan in Turcomania (Millingen, ex colls.

Fry and Sharp).

Four specimens, two of each sex. Near H. fedtschenkoi,

Solsky (1882), and H. turkestanicus, Pic (1907), from

Northern Asia, but with different prothoracic and elytral

markings, &c. The elytra may be said to have a large,

elongate triangular patch on the basal half (nearly or quite

reaching the suture), and a broad, common, angulate, sub-

apical fascia, metallic or black, and the rest of their surface

testaceous,

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 325

74. Hapalochrus millingeni, sp. 0.

dg. Elongate, narrow, very shining, cinereo-pubescent ;

bluish-green, the antennze (the testaceous lower surface of

the basal joints excepted) black; the legs testaceous, with a

streak along the upper edges of the anterior and intermediate

femora, the posterior femora entirely, and the tips of the tarsi,

infuscate or metallic. Head closely punctate; antenne mode-

rately long, rather stout,serrate. Prothorax small, transverse,

punctured at the sides, smooth on the dise. Elytra long,

widening from the base to near the apex, rounded at the

tip, depressed on the disc below the base; densely, finely

punctate. - Anterior trochanters with ashort tooth; anterior

femora dentate at the middle beneath; anterior -tibiz

thickened, angularly dilated at about the middle above, and

obliquely compressed, and with a diaphanous space on its

inner edge, towards the apex ; anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2

slightly thickened, 2 shorter than 1 and narrowly extended

over the base of 3; intermediate tibiz (Pl. VIII. fig 31)

much thickened, deeply sinuate within from a little beyond

the middle to the apex, and with a curved retractile lobe

visible in the cavity.

2. Head smoother ; antenne shorter and more slender,

subserrate ; legs darker, the tibize fusco-testaceous.

Length 3, breadth 13-14 mm.

Hab. Arasia, Yemen (Millingen, ex coll. Fry).

One pair, from the [ry collection. A very small, narrow,

posteriorly widened, shining, bluish-green form, not unlike

the African H/, mashunus, Gorh., and with somewhat similar

intermediate tibize in @, the anterior tibie angularly dilated,

and the second joint of the anterior tarsi with a claw-like

projection, in the same sex.

75. Hapalochrus opulentus.

Hapalochrus opulentus, Péring. Trans. 8. Afr, Phil. Soe. vi. 2, p. 46

(ds 2) (1892).

3. Very like H. abyssinicus, Harold (No. 18) (=maor,

Pic) ; head narrower, green to the anterior margin, densely

punctured ; elytra densely, very finely punctate ; legs wholly

testaceous ; intermediate tibiz similarly swollen, the denti-

form pencil of hairs [not mentioned by the author] arising

from near the inner apical angle much narrower ; anterior

tarsal joint 2 extending over 3.

Hab. 8S. Arrica, Ovampoland and Transvaal.

~ Dr. Péringuey has kindly lent me the types of this species

for examination, and we take the opportunity of giving a

226 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

figure of the intermediate tibize of the ¢. In the arrange-

meut here adopted, H. opulentus should be numbered 17 (a) ;

see also pp. 180, 191.

Hapalochrus opulentus, Péring., 3.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2. ”

Fig. 3. 3

Fig. A. 5

Fig. 5. $5

ig. 6. é

Joie UG 3

ge as i

ag. 10s Fr

Eg, 8: :

Hig. 19; +f

Fig. 9a 5s

Fig. 10. 5

Fig. 11 i

Fug. 12 9

Fig. 18 5

Fg. 14 )

Fig. 15 7%

Fig. 16 +

Fig. 17 .

Fg. 18 -

Fig. 19. t

ig. 20. ¥

Fig. 21, Rs

Fig. 22 5

Fig. 22a .

fig. 28 op

Fig. 24. “5

Fig. 26. Pe

Fig. 26. >

Fig. 27, i

Hapalochrus simoni, Pic, $; anterior leg.

dasytiformis, sp. n., 5; anterior leg.

festivus, Er., 3; intermediate tibia.

abyssinicus, Har., 3; intermediate tibia.

atratus, sp. 0., d; anterior leg.

lobipes, sp. n., d; anterior leg.

sumtuosus, Boh., ¢; anterior tibia and tarsus.

var., d; anterior tibia.

A » ©} intermediate tibia.

elgonensis, sp. N., GS; intermediate tibia.

longior, Pic, 3; intermediate tibia.

i 3; intermediate femur and tibia, from

beneath,

constrictipes, sp. 0., 3; intermediate tibia,

malachiordes, Fairm., go; intermediate tibia.

uncinatus, sp. n., ¢; intermediate tibia.

bilamellatus, sp. n., ¢; intermediate tibia.

cochleatus, sp. n., 3; intermediate tibia.

spectabilis, Ancey, 3; intermediate tibia.

nitens, Gorh., 3; intermediate tibia.

clavicornis, sp. n., S; intermediate tibia.

dilaticornis, sp. 0., ¢; intermediate tibia,

appendicifer, Pic, S$; intermediate tibia.

longicornis, sp. D., 3; intermediate tibia.

Jissipes, Sp. 0., G3 intermediate tibia.

inchoatus, sp. n., 3; anterior leg.

is dg; intermediate tibia.

azureus, Kir., 3; intermediate tibia.

mashunus, Gorh., $; intermediate tibia, from

beneath.

laciniosus, sp. n., G; intermediate tibia, from

beneath.

hamutus, sp. n., 3; intermediate leg.

letus, F. G; intermediate tiochanter, femur,

and tibia.

” ”?

and Asiatic Species of Hapalochrus. 327

fig. 28. Hapalochrus angulatus, sp. n., 3; intermediate tibia.

Fig. 29. - triangulards, sp... 3: intermediate tibia.

Fig. 30. - constricticollis, sp. n., 3; intermediate tibia.

Fig. 31. fs millingeni, sp. n., $3; intermediate tibia.

Fig. 32. . fasciatus, F., 3; intermediate trochanter, femur,

and tibia.

Alphabetical numbered list of species of Hapalochrus enume-

rated in this paper; those marked with an asterisk are

treated as new.

abyssinicus, 15,

zerosus, 30.

*amadiensis, 52.

amplipennis, 65,

*angulatus, 47.

appendicifer, 29,

*armatus, 54.

*atratus, 11.

azureus, 38.

*bilamellatus, 18.

*caudatus, 56.

*cinerascens, 42,

*clavicornis, 22.

*cochleatus, 19.

*confusus, 55.

*constricticollis, 62.

*constrictipes, 15.

*cyaneonitens, 63.

*cyanocephalus, 48,

*dahomeyanus, 27.

*dasytiformis, 10,

deformipes, 2,

densatus, 41.

*dilaticornis, 25,

*dollmani, 58.

*elgonensis, 14.

fasciatus, 70.

festivus, 5.

*filicornis, 46.

*fissipes, 37.

*foveiger, 44.

*furcatus, 50.

*fusicornis, 26.

*hamatus, 45.

*ineequalis, 60,

*inchoatus, 25.

*irregularis, 51.

janthinus, 45.

kenyensis, 64.

*laciniosus, 40,

leetus, 71.

*lobipes, 9.

*longicornis, 51,

longior, 3.

luzonensis, 68.

malabarensis, 72.

malachioides, 16.

mashunus, 39.

maynei, 57.

*millingeni, 74.

mirabilis, 69,

modestus, 66.

*mollis, 53.

nitens, 21.

nobilis, 4.

opulentus (17 a), 75.

*patruelis, 52.

*persicus, 73.

*platycerus, 35,

*ramulosus, 12.

*rhodesianus, 49.

*rugosus, 36,

*scabrosus, 67.

semicupreus, 33,

*semileevis, 59,

simoni, 8.

sjostedti, 6.

spectabilis, 20.

sumtuosus, 1.

testaceicornis, 24,

*trapeziderus, 7.

*triangularis, 61.

tschoffeni, 28,

*uncinatus, 17.

viridicollis, 54.

SYNONYMS AND VARIETIES,

ceruleus, 38.

conradti, 16.

? cribrarius, 38.

depictus, 70,

P duvivieri, 38.

P erichsoni, 1.

goossensi, 43,

? jansoni, 3.

*kamerunus, 68.

major, 13.

martini, 29.

moloeunsis, 33,

nyassensis, 1.

reductus, 1.

signaticollis, 1,

simplicipes, 6,

328 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

XXX VIII.—New Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus.

By Raven V. CoamBeruin, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

[Plates [X.-XII.]

Mecistucephalus celebensis, sp. 0.

CP). TX ties 319%)

Body fulvous to light brown, without darker markings or

mottling. Head and prehensorial segment chestnut. An-

tenne light chestuut. Legs fulvous.

Head nearly 1:75 times longer than wide. Sides straight

and only slightly converging, subparallel from frontal suture

back to the beginning of the more abrupt posterior nar-

rowing. Caudal margin truncate, wide. Anterior margin

straight, less angularly produced forward than in cephalotes

(Pl. 1X. fig. 1). No non-areolate chitinous spots in front of

paired clypeal areas,

Labrum suggesting that of M. cephalotes, but the median

piece somewhat broader, less overlapped toward caudal end,

and ang lateral pieces incurving at mesal ends (cf. Pl. IX.

figs. 2 & 10). The free margin of each lateral piece incurves

more at outer end, where also the fringe of hairs is exposed

for a considerable distance, whereas this is wholly covered

in cephalotes aud related forms.

Mandible with twelve pectinate lamelle, of which the last

two are successively much reduced in length and are more

membranous (¢f. Pl. IX. fig. 4). First lamella with seven

uniform teeth, these stouter than those of the other two

lamelle (Pl. 1X. fig. 5). Teeth of ordinary lamelle long at

distal end, but from near middle of lamella proximad

strongly reduced (Pl. IX. fig. 6). A median lamella with

thirty-seven or thirty-eight teeth.

Coxosternum of second maxille with posterior angles

divergent, acute. Segmental pore large, subcircular. Ectal

angles of coxe of first maxille scarcely produced, sub-

rectangular or but slightly acute (Pl. IX. fig. 8).

Exposed part of prosternum 1°36 times wider than long.

Anterior border of prosternum with the usual two rounded

teeth. Femuroid with two teeth, both of which are blunt,

the distal one the stouter. Two next joints each with a

rounded tooth, of which that of the second is obviously

stouter, Claw with a small but distinct tooth at base above

the ordinary protuberance (PI. IX. fig. 7).

Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 329

First legs exceptionally small, the second being two and

two-thirds longer.

Impressions of anterior sternites furcate, the angle be-

tween branches obtuse, becoming more so in going caudad,

the two branches in some forming nearly a straight line,

disappearing in posterior region as usual (cf. Pl. IX.

figs. 8 & 9).

Pregenital segment with sternite somewhat shield-shaped,

narrowed in front of caudal end. Coxopleure with

uumerous small pores uniformly arranged, less numerous

minute ones intervening. Last legs about two and a fourth

times as long as the penult ones.

Number of segments, 49.

Length, to 60 mm. ; width of first tergite 3 mm.

Locahty.— Celebes: Bua-Kraeng, 5000 ft. (Friihstorfer,

Feb. 1896). Type and paratypes in U.S. National Museum;

paratypes also in Mus, Comp. Zool. at Cambridge, Mass.

Mecistocephalus philippinus, sp. un.

(Plat xetiee I; PIX: firs. 1-8.)

Colour brown, darkened by a dense network or marbling

of black, which is also evident in the pleural region and less

pronouncedly on the sternites. Head with antennz and

prehensorial segment chestnut. Legs fulvous.

Head proportionately broader than in celebensis and cepha-

lutes, being 1°6 times longer than wide. ‘The anterior

margin is weakly bowed forward, less nearly truncate than

in celebensis aud less produced than in cephalotes. The sub-

lateral teeth or spurs are farther forward than usual (Pl. X.

ge).

Antenne strongly attenuated, the articles proportionately

rather broad, the sixth being typically as broad distally as

the length. Ultimate article decidedly longer than the

preceding one.

Exposed portion of median piece of labrum conspicuously

narrowed caudad. Free margin of each lateral piece

straighter than in celebensis and cephalotes, not bending in

at mesal ends, as in the latter species, and with no live of

hairs showing at outer ends.

Mandible with thirteen or fourteen primary lamelle.

First lamella with seveu stout and subuniform teeth. Mesal

margin of mandible below this lamella with only three to

five weak serrations below the angle (Pl. X. fig. 4). A

median lamella has the teeth of the distal region long and

slender, those of proximal half much reduced, though rather

330 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

longer than in celebensis; teeth in number near forty-three

to forty-five. ‘The abdental edge of the ordinary lamelle

has a characteristic obtuse angulation near base (Pl. X.

fig. 5).

Maxille resembling those of celebensis; but posterior

processes of coxosternum of second pair less acute, more

rounded, slightly bending mesad at caudai end, the seg-

mental pore triangular in outline, a more chitinous median

band separated off from the lateral areas. Coxze of first

maxillze with ectal angles scarcely produced, subrectangular

(Pl. X. fig. 3).

Prosternum with teeth of anterior margin well-developed.

Femuroid with two teeth, which are subacute and of which

the second or more distal is characteristically much stouter

and longer, this being a feature by which the species is

ordinarily readily recognizable. Next two joints also

armed, the tooth of the second the Jarger. Claw with a

distinct tooth at base above the ordinary prominence

Cel XxX. tie. 6).

Second legs twice as long as the first.

Impressions of anterior sternites furcate, the angle obtuse,

the angle rather more obtuse in the more posterior of the

-furcate ones (PI. X. figs. 7 & 8).

Sternite of pregenital segment trapeziform, the sides

moderately converging caudad, and the plate typically

abruptly much narrowed near caudal end (PI. IX. fig. 11).

Coxopleurz with very numerous small and very small pores,

the smaller ones much the more numerous. Ultimate legs

about two and a fourth times as long as the penult.

Number of pairs of legs, 49.

Length 88 mm.; width of first tergite 3°2 mm.

Locality.— Philippine Is.: Luzon: Los Banos; Mt.

Makeling (C. F. Baker coll.). Types and paratypes in

Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass.

This seems to be a common species about Los Bafios.

Mecistocephalus nagasaunus, sp. 0.

(Pl. X. figs. 9-11; Pl. XI. figs. 1-4.)

Colour in general fulvous, more orange-coloured an-

teriorly. Head and prehensorial segment dark orange or

light chestnut.

Head much broadest anteriorly, conspicuously narrowed

caudad. Anterior margin obtusely angular, notched at

middle. Posterior margin wide, very slightly convex or

essentially truncate. Head 1°6 times longer than wide

Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 331

(Pl. X. fig. 9). Anterior areolated band of clypeal region

longer than the paired posterior areas. Sublateral teeth

large, acute (Pl. XI. fig. 1).

Median piece of labrum not or scarcely overlapped

laterally by the lateral pieces, moderately narrowed caudad,

the caudal end triangular. Lateral pieces with caudomesal

corners characteristically broadly rounded. Anterior edges

of lateral pieces when produced forming a pronounced

obtuse angle. Margins wholly smooth (Pl. XI. fig. 2).

Posterior corners of coxosternum of second maxille acutely

produced ; entire region caudad of pores and a broad median

band areolate. Pores narrowly elliptic. Ectal angles of

cox of first maxille elevated and broadly rounded (PI. XI.

fig. 3).

Mandible with six lamelle, of which the first has six

teeth. Mesal corner below first lamella acutely produced,

the margin entire (PI. XI. fig. 4). Teeth of median lamellz

all long, not reduced at proximal end, typically near fifteen

in number.

Antenne moderately attenuated. Last article clearly

longer than the penult, but shorter than the penult and

antepenult together. Sixth article longer than wide at

distal end, in about ratio 5 : 4.

Exposed area of prosternum wider than long, in ratio 9:7

Anterior margin with the two teeth normally developed.

Femuroid with two teeth, these rather broad, low and

rounded, the distal one the larger. Next two joints also

bearing teeth, of which the second is decidedly the larger.

Claw with angulation at base, but without distinct tooth

above this (Pl. X. fig. 10).

First leg about three-fifths as long as the second.

Sternal impressions of anterior segments furcate, but the

branches very short; angle obtuse; branches disappearing

caudad as usual (Pl. X. fig. 11).

Sternite of pregenital segment broad anteriorly, strongly

narrowed caudad, almost triangular, the caudal end rather

narrowly rounded. Coxopleurze with a moderate number

of small pores, the total number on each side being twenty

of which about twelve are visible in strictly ventral view

Anal pores distinct. Last legs about twice as long as the

penult.

Pairs of legs, 49.

Length about 23 mm.

Locality.— Fiji Is.: Nagasau (W. M. Mann coll.).

Type in Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 2161).

332 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

Mecistocephalus medius, sp. 1.

(P]. XI. figs. 5-11.)

Dorsum fulvous, of slight ferruginous tinge. Legs fulvous.

Head and prehensorial segment chestnut.

Head widest anteriorly, the sides moderately converging

caudad, more strongly so adjacent to posterior corners.

Anterior margin widely rounded. Posterior margin broad,

slightly bowed (Pl. XI. fig. 5). Head in type 1°68 times

longer than wide.

Median piece of labrum broadly sublanceolate. Anterior

margin of lateral pieces, when projected to meet forming a

straight line at middle, curving caudad of ectad at outer

ends. Free margins of lateral pieces concave in ectal

region, convex mesad of middle, with mesal angles as shown

in Pl. XI. fig. 7. Anterior pieces only a little narrower at

mesal ends than at the ectal.

Areolated area of clypeus much longer than the non-

areolated posterior paired bands. Median dividing band

rather wide. Sublateral teeth as shown in Pl. XI. fig. 6.

Mandible with seven lamelle, counting the much reduced

ectal one. First lamella with five characteristically long

teeth (PI. XI. fig. 9). Median lamella with about fifteen

teeth, all long, the proximal ones more loosely arranged.

Areolated area of coxosternum of second maxillz large,

the median band very broad. Pores narrowly subelliptic.

Ectal corners of coxe of first maxille only slightly elevated,

rounded. Sete of maxille as shown in figure. Distal joint

of palpus characteristically bluntly rounded, the claw much

reduced (Pl. XI. fig. 8).

Teeth on anterior margin of prosternum very small.

Claw of prehensors exceptionally slender, tooth at base

prominent, Femuroid with the usual two teeth, of which

the distal is the larger and projects distad of mesad. The

succeeding joint bears no tooth, but the next one bears

a prominent tooth at its distal edge, which projects distad

of mesad (Pl. XI. fig. 10).

Impressious of anterior sternites furcate, the branches

forming an obtuse angle (PI. XI. fig. 11).

Posterior portion of body of type missing, hence the total

length and the number of segments cannot be given.

Width of first tergite 1°2 mm.

Locality.—Solomon Is.: Ngi (W. M. Mann).

Type in Mus. Comp. Zool. at Cambridge, Mass.

Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 333

This is a strongly marked species, readily recognizable by

the bluntly rounded distal joint of the palpus of the second

maxillz, the form of the labrum, slender claw of the pre-

heusors, with absence of tooth from third joint of latter, ete.

Mecistocephalus apator, sp. n.

(PI. XII. figs. 1-6.)

Head and prehensors blackish. Body fulvous, orange in

anterior region.

Head differing considerably in form from that of monti-

colens, which the species resembles, being anteriorly truncate,

more gradually narrowed caudad. Posterior margin trun-

cate. Head 1°85 times longer than wide.

The sete of the clypeal region are sinnlar in number and

position to those of monticolens, as these are shown in

Pl. XII. fig. 8. The sublateral spurs are stouter and less

bent mesad.

Labrum somewhat similar in general form to that of the

Javan monticolens ; but the exposed part of the median piece

has the sides straight or concave instead of convex, and the

free margins of the lateral pieces round in cephalad at mesal

ends instead of projecting in tooth-lke angles (PI. XII.

mete, of. bl. XPT, fies 9),

Mandible with a total of seven Jamelle. Of these the

first has six stoutcr teeth (V1. XII. fig. 4). A median

lamella has twelve long teeth, these subuniform in length.

The areolated region of the coxosternum of the second

maxille large, the median band broad ; but in this species

the non-areolated region on each side extends caudad of the

segmental pores. Kctal angles of coxe of first maxille

moderately produced forwards (PI. XII. fig. 3).

The teeth of the prosternum are small though distinet

and larger than in monticolens. ‘The two normal teeth of

femuroid present. Of these the more proximal one is low,

broad, and rounded ; the distal one is longer and is distally

subiruncate. The next two joints also armed, the tooth of

the second one the larger. No distinct tooth at base of claw

above the basal angulation (Pl. XII. fig. 5).

Sternal impressions simple longitudinal furrows, with no

distinct fureation.

Sternite of pregenital segment trapeziform, strongly

narrowed caudad. Coxopleural pores of moderate size, well

separated, about twenty-five on each side.

Pairs of legs, 49.

334 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

Length of type near 35 mm.

Locality.—Bua-Kraeng, 5000 ft. (Frihstorfer, Feb. 1896).

Three specimens, U.S. National Museum.

Mecistocephalus monticolens, sp. n.

(PE XID, figs: 7-11.)

Dorsum light or fulvous brown with some darker mar-

bling. Legs fulvous. Head and prehensorial segment

chestnut.

Head of the usual general shape, but more strongly

narrowed over posterior half than usual. Proportionately

long, being 1°8 times longer than the greatest width.

Anterior margin obtusely angular, the posterior subtruncate

CBI XT igs 7):

Clypeal region without anterior chitinous, non-areolated

spots. Sublateral teeth curving characteristically mesad

(PIECE i525).

Median piece of labrum somewhat wedge-shaped, but the

sides a little convex and the caudal end notched, projecting

beyond lateral pieces. Anterior margins of lateral pieces

when extended to meet forming an obtuse angle. Caudal

margins coucave in outer part, convex in mesal, as shown in

Pl. X11. figs. 8 & 9. Anterior pieces strongly narrowed

mesad.

In the type the prosternal teeth are present only as

exceedingly minute rudiments. The femuroid has the usual

two teeth, of which the distal is much the larger, is distally

rounded, and is bent distad. The next two joints are armed

with rounded teeth, that of the second being the larger.

Claw with a rounded nodule above the principal basal

prominence or angulation (Pl. XII. fig. 10).

The impressions of the anterior sternites scarcely truly

furcate, on some there being no trace of branches, but on

others very short branches are discernible, these making

a more or less obtuse angle (Pl. XII. fig. 11).

Sternite of pregenital segment strongly narrowed caudad,

almost triangular, the posterior end narrowly rounded, con-

stricted a little in front of caudal end. Coxopleural pores

moderately large in size and comparatively few in number,

about twenty on each side in the type.

Pairs of legs, 49.

Length of type about 35 mm.

Locality.—Java: Gede, 9000 ft., Sept. 1892. U.S.

National Museum,

Chilopods of the Genus Mecistocephalus. 335

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PrADE Xe

Meeistocephalus celebensis, sp. n.

Fig. 1. Head in outline. x 14.

Fig. 2. Median region of labrum, x 195.

Fig. 3, Maxille, ventral view. x 23.

1g. 4. Mandible, distal region. x 100.

wg. 5, First lamella of mandible. x 315,

Fig. 6. Fourth lamella of mandible. x 315,

Fig. 7. Right prehensor and part of prosternum, xX 14.

Fig. 8. Impression of tenth sternite. x 44.

Fig. 9. Impression of twentieth sternite. x 44,

Mecistocephalus cephalotes, Meinert.

Fig. 10. Median region of labrum, x 195. (Java.)

Meerstocephalus philippinus, sp. n.

Fig. 11. Ventral plate of pregenital segment with right coxopleura.

x 24.

PLATE X,

Mecistocephalus philippinus, sp. un.

Fig. 1. Head in outline. x 14.

Fig. 2. Median region of labrum. x 195,

Fig. 3. Maxille. x 238.

Fig. 4. First lamella of mandible. x 825,

Fig. 5. Fifth lamella of mandible. x 525,

Fig. 6. Right prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 14.

Fig. 7. Impression of tenth sternite. 24.

vg. 8. Impression of twentieth sternite. x 24.

Mecistocephalus nagasaunus, sp. 0.

Fig. 9, Head in outline. x 45, :

‘vg. 10, Right prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 45.

Fiy. 11. Impression of eighth sternite. x 75,

PLATE XI.

Meecistocephalus nagasaunus, sp. n.

Fig. 1, Anterior region of head with maxilla removed, ventral view.

x 75.

Fig. 2. Median region of labrum. x 315.

Fig. 3. Maxille, ventral view. x 70.

Fig. 4. First lamella of mandible. x 775.

= 09

Mecistocephalus medius, sp. n.

Fig. 5, Head in outline, dorsal view. x 30.

g. ©

Fg. 6. Anterior part of head, maxilla removed, in ventral view,

x 46.

Fig. 7. Median region of labrum. x 320.

Fig. 8, Maxille, ventral view. x 46,

336 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

Fig. 9. First lamella of mandible. x 850.

Fig. 10. Left prehensor with part of prosternum, ventral view. X 30.

Fig. 11. Impression of tenth sternite. x 75.

PLATE XII,

Meecistocephalus apator, sp. n.

Fig. 1. Head in outline, dorsal view. x 30.

Fig. 2. Median region of labrum. x 195.

‘tg. 3. Maxille, ventral view. x 60.

Fig. 4. First lamella of mandible. x 380.

Fig. 5, Right prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 45,

Fig. 6. Caudal end, dorsal view. x 45.

Mecistocephalus monticolens, sp. n.

Fig. 7. Wead in outline, dorsal view. x 380.

Fig. 8. Anterior region of head, ventral view, the maxille removed.

x 45,

fig. 9, Median region of labrum. x 195.

Fig. 10, Left prehensor and part of prosternum, ventral view. x 45.

Fig. 11. Impression on tenth sternite. x 45.

XXXIX.—Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the

Collection of the British Museum (Natural History) :

Tipulide, Diptera.—Part I. Subfamily Limnobiine. By

Cuartes P. Atexanprer, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

[Concluded from p. 44. }

Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) uganda, sp. n.

Mesonotal preesentum reddish brown with three darker

brown stripes; pleura dark brown; halteres pale; legs

brownish yellow, the posterior tibiz with four long bristle-

hike hairs near the tip ; wings yellowish with a solid dark

area at the cord and another in the apical radial cells of the

wing ; abdomen dark brown, the basal segments indistinctly

ringed with paler,

Female.—Length about 9 mm.; wing 8'7 mm.; hind

femur 11°8 mm.; tibia 1]°5 mm.; tarsus 7 mm.

‘Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown.

Head dark brown, sparsely grey-pruinose.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum light

reddish brown, with three darker brown stripes, the lateral

stripes less distinct than the median stripe ; lobes of the

scutum, scutellum, and postnotum dark brown. Propleura

reddish ; mesopleura and sternum dark brown, Halteres

in the British Museum. 337

pale. Legs with the cox and trochanters dull yellow, the

fore cox slightly darker ; femora pale brownish vellow,

not noticeably darkened at the tips ; tibize similar, the tips

a little darkened; tarsi brown ;_ posterior femora with a

serics of about nine small bristles near the base, posterior

tibiz with a series of four long, slightly curved bristles

before the tip. Wings yellowish, the anal cells more grey-

ish ; a broad, almost solid brown mark just beyond the

origin of Rs, sending a narrow seam along the cord almost

to the wing-margin ; wing-apex in cells /,, R;, and the tips

of 2nd R,, R;, and M, darkened, the centre of cell R, being

almost filled by a roughly oval, subhyaline area; a dark

cloud at the fork of Rie and ies a narrow dar k seam

along vein Cu; veins yellowish, especially in the costal

region, dark brown in the darkened areas. Venation : | asia

.. erenaie Bergroth ; basal deflection of Cu, a short

distance before the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brownish black, the apical half of the

basal segments indistinctly paler brown to produce an

annulated appearance. Ovipositor with the tergal valves

blackened, the tips injured in the unique type; sternal

valves yellowish horn-colour, flattened, blade-like, the tips

acute.

Hah. Uganda.

Holotype, ¢, Northern Buddu, altitude 3800 feet,

September 16-18, 191148. A. Neave).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology,

1915. 57. .

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Trentepohlia ugande is close to T. exornata Bergroth and

T. speiser’ Edwards, but is readily told by the conspicuously

larger size and slightly different coloration. The wing-

pattern of these three species is remarkably uniform ; :

T. ugande agrees with T. speiseri and disagrees with

T. exornata in having the dark area along the sector almost

solidly brown.

Genus Lecterta, Osten-Sacken.

Lecteria laticincta, sp. nu.

General coloration rich reddish brown ; legs very hairy

(at least in the ?), the tibia with two narrow pale rings ;

wings hyaline with heavy, irregular cross-bands of brown,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 23

338 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

margined with darker brown ; no other spots or dots on the

membrane.

Female.—-Length about 13 mm. ; wing 11°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennal. scape dark brown,

the flagellum paler brown ; first scapal segment elongate-

cylindrical, the outer face with a few ne setze ; the five

basal segments of the flagellum are very short and crowded,

the first three being united into a fusion- segment ; aistal

flagellar segments elongate ; verticils very long and con-

spicuous. Head brown strongly narrowed beland eyes

protuberent ; vertex provided w mitt long, powerful bristles:

Mesonotal preescutum rich reddish brown, indistinctly

striped with darker brown and clothed with long semi-erect

hairs ; remainder of the mesonotum somewhat similar, the

postnotum more orange. Pleura pale brown with a slight

greyish cast. Halteres pale brownish yellow, the knobs

dark brown. Legs clothed with conspicuous semi-erect

hairs; coxe and trochanters pale brown; femora brown

with a narrow white ring at about two-thirds the length ;

tibiee brown, the tips very narrowly blackened ; a narrow

postmedial white ring and a very narrow and. indistinct

subbasal ring that is indicated only by a few pale hairs at

this point ; ‘metatarsi white, the tips narrowly blackened ;

second and third tarsal segments brown, the tips blackened ;

the last two tarsal segments brownish black : one or

possibly more spines at the extreme base of the metatarsus ;

compared with the related L. triacanthos, Alexander, the legs

are shorter aud mucli more hairy, this latter possibly a

sexual character ; pale tibial bands narrower and much less

distinct. Wings subhyaline, heavily and irregularly cross-

banded with brown, much more extensive than the nearly

hyaline ground- colour ; no other spots or dots on the mem-

brane ; the bands are pale brown, narrowly margined with

darker brown; costal cell to beyond the origin of Rs

darkened ; the first band includes the wing-base in cells

R, M, Cu and the outer three-fifths of cell 2nd A, this latter

connected with the second baud at the origin of Rs; this

band runs almost straight across the wing, near the end of

cell M broadly connected with the third very broad band

which oecupies the cord; the last band les just before the

wing-tip and is connected with the band at the cord in cell

lst M,, and narrowly along the costa ; the hyaline areas are

thus located as follows: base of cell 2nd A; the largest

before the origin of Rs, running across cells R, M, and Cu;

the next largest just before the cord in cells R and M,

narrowly separated by Se from a slightly more yellowish

in the British Museum. 339

area in the costal cell immediately above Rs ; other areas in

the ends of cells Cu and 1st A; beyond the cord in cells

2nd R, to R;; a small spot in the end of cell R, ; outer two-

thirds of cell M, largely pale ; a large rounded spot near

the end of cell Cu, ; tiny white spots before the arculus, at

the end of cell 2nd M, and near the base of cell M3 veins

dark brown. Venation: Rs short, less than R,; pe stiole of

cell WW, very short, but little lone than m; basal deflection

of Cu, a little before mid-length of cell Ist Mo.

Abdominal tergites yellowish orange, variegated with

reddish, the margins cinnamon-brown; pleural membrane

dark brown ; sternites orange-yellow ; terminal segments

dark brown. Ovipositor with the valves dark hepa the

tergal valves broadly tipped with horn-colour, slightly up-

curved at the tips ; sternal valves straight, slender.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, °, Akwete, May 138, 1910 (J. J. Simpson).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Lecteria laticincta may be readily distinguished from =

closely allied Z. triacanthos, Alexander, and L. simpsoni, sp. 1

by the broader bands on the wing and the entire absence of

small spots and dots in the hyaline interspaces.

Lecteria simpson, sp. n.

Similar to L. triacanthos, Alexander, but the wings longer

and narrower, with darker interrupted cross-bands and com-

paratively few dots in the interspaces.

Maie.—Length 14°55 mm.; wing 13°5 mm., its greatest

width 3°2 mm.

Closely related to Z. triacanthos, from which it differs as

follows :—

Legs with the pale bands on the femora and tibize more

yellow than white (tarsi broken). Wings narrower, the

large brown spots on the wings much darker, this effect

produced by the much broader dark margins that surround

the spots, the pale centres often indistinct ; these large spots

are broken up so that they appear as interrupted bands ; the

spots occur at the origin of Rs; fork of Rs narrowly con-

nected with a large seam along the cord ; a large, somewhat

isolated spot at r and the fork of R,,3;; another spot at the

tip of R, ; the small dots on the wing are relatively few in

number, much fewer than in ZL. triacanthos : thus in cell C

there are but six or seven small scattered spots ; none in

cell R proximad of the spot at the origin of Rs; only two

23*

340 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

or three in cell R between the large areas and similarly

restricted in the remaining cells of the wing. Venation :

this shows cell lst M, and all the posterior cells of the

wing longer and narrower due to the long narrow shape of

the wing.

Abdomen with the caudal margins of the tergites narrowly

blackened,

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 3; Ikotekpene, May 19, 1910 (J. J. Sampson).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The species is dedicated to the collector, Dr. J. J. Simpson,

whose collecting in West Africa has added many interesting

species to the British Museum.

Lecteria pluriguttata, sp. n.

General coloration pale brownish or greyish buff, the head

and thorax with a narrow, dark brown, capillary line ; wings

pale brownish grey with abundant brownish and greyish

dots in all the cells.

Male.—Length 28°5 mm.; wing 18 mm. ; abdomen alone

about 22 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first

scapal segment dark brown, greyish-pruinose ; second seg-

ment dark brown; three basal flagellar segments light

yellow, the remainder of the flagellum dark brown with long,

conspicuous verticils. Head with the convex light brownish

grey with a conspicuous dark brown median stripe and

somewhat shorter lateral stripes.

Pronotum greyish buff, the scutum with a narrow, brown,

median line, the seutellum with two brown spots. Meso-

notal prescutum with the ground-colour dark brown with

three broad, light greyish-buff stripes, the median stripe

split for about two-thirds its length by a transversely

impressed capillary brown line ; pseudosutural fovez con-

spicuous, brown; scutum obscure yellowish buff with the

median depression broad, the lobes indistinctly marked with

darker ; scutellum projecting, pale buffy ; postnotum similar ;

a more or less distinct capillary brown line extending from

the suture to the base of the abdomen. Pleura pale testa-

ceous with a more or less distinct broad longitudinal stripe

most distinct in the paratype. Sternum dark brown.

Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem and the knobs

conspicuously light yellow. Legs with the coxe pale grey,

their outer faces more or less infuscated ; trochanters brown ;

i ene a

in the British Museum. 341

femora pale brown, more yellowish basally, the tips broadly

darker brown ; tibiz similar, the tips narrowly dark brown ;

tarsi dark brown ; legs with conspicuous semi-ere@t hairs ;

no spines at base of metatarsi. Wings pale brownish grey,

the costal and subcostal cells more ‘yellowish ; ; the entire

wing-surface is densely sprinkled with small brown and grey

dots that are of nearly uniform size throughout ; these occur

in all the cells of the wing, but appear to be somewhat more

crowded proximad of the cord. Venation showing some

variation ; in the type, R, is shorter; basal deflection of

Ry, 5 longer ; ; cell lst M, hexagonally rectangular, the fusion

of M; and Cu, longer than the basal deflection of Cu;

petiole of cell M, longer than the cell. In the paratype the

opposite of the above conditions hold ; it may be that two

species are involved, but this seems scarcely probable.

Abdomen obscure yellow, the tergites narrowly and

indistinctly margined with brown ; segments seven to nine

more uniformly brown. Male hypopyg cium with the ninth

tergite not darker than the remainder of “the hypopygium, the

surface dull, the caudal margin deeply bilobed, the adja-

cent lobes rounded and provided with long yellowish bristles,

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 3, esha, March 4, 1910 (J. J. Simpson).

Paratype, ¢, Ibadan, November 21, 1918 (W. A.

Lamborn).

Type presented by the Entomological Research Com-

mittee, 1910. 222; paratype, 1916. 48.

Lecteria pluriguttata is readily told from its close allies

(L. africana, Alexander, L. atricauda, Alexander) by the

multiguttate wings.

Genus Ciyponopozus, Enderlein.

Clydonodozus puncticosta, sp. n.

Head black, the front and anterior part of the vertex

golden-pollinose ; mesonotum reddish brown, the preescutum

with two indistinct brown stripes ; femora dull yellow, the

tips narrowly dark brownish black ; wings dull greyish, the

costal region more yellowish ; costal al with about ten

spurs and cross-veius extending from costa, these con-

spicuously seamed with brown ; cord and outer end of cell

lst M, seamed with brown ; abdominal sternites margined

anteriorly and laterally with brownish black, and with an

elongate median dash of the same colour,

Female.—Length about 18 mm., of which the abdomen

342 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

includes 13°6 mm. ; wing 12 mm. ; hind leg, femur 9 mm.,

tibia 11-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the base of the elongate first scapal segment sparsely golden-

pollinose ; second scapal segment obliquely subglobular ;

three basal flagellar segments united into a stout fusion-

segment, the suture between the second and third weakly

indicated ; remaining flagellar segments gradually becoming

longer and narrower outwardly; verticils rather short.

Anterior part of the vertex densely golden-pollinose ;

between the eyes at the narrowest point a broad velvety-

black band enclosing an oval golden median area;

remainder of the vertex black, sparsely golden-pollinose ;

vertex with a small raised median area.

Pronotum rather conspicuous, shiny chestnut-brown.

Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with two narrow,

indistinct, brown stripes, one on either side of the pale

median line ; remainder of the mesonotum reddish. Pleura

shiny reddish brown, darker brown on the dorsal edge of

the mesepisternum and on the mesepimeron, the latter

silvery-pruinose. Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker

brown. Legs with the coxe reddish brown, the fore cox

darker ; trochanters reddish brown; femora dull yellow,

the tips narrowly dark brownish black ; tibiz dark brown,

the tips narrowly brownish black; tarsi dark brown.

Wings duil grey, the costal region more yellowish, this

colour including cells C, Sc, and 2nd R, ; outer end of cell

A, more infuseated ; costal cell with a series of about ten or

eleven cross-veins and spurs extending from costa, these

conspicuously seamed with brown ; dark brown spots at the

ends of veins Sc,, R,, and ,; paler brown seams at the

origin of /?s, along the cord, outer end of cell lst M,, and

the fork of M,,, ; indistinct seams along veins M and 2nd A,

and more distinctly along Cu; veins dark brown ; those in

the costal region more yellowish. Venation: Sc, and L,

ending rather close together at the wing-margin as in the

genus; Rs strongly angulated at origin and here sending a

broken cross-vein to vein J/ as in C. multistriatus End. ;

A, ,3 shorter than the deflection of ,,;; A, almost per-

pendicular at origin, 7 inserted at the bend ; A, beyond r

about equal to the basal deflection of Cu, ; vein A; bent

strongly towards R,,; near its tip, so cell ft, is nearly as

wide at the margin as cell 2nd &,; r-m nearly as long

as the deflection of A4,5;; cell ls¢ M, rather small, the

inner end not conspicuously produced and pointed ; cell M,

— oe ee

in the British Museum. . 343

a little shorter than its petiole ; basal deflection of Cu,

nearly at mid-length of cell lst Mg.

Abdominal tergites obscure yellowish, the intermediate

segments with indistinct median dashes of brown ; sternites

very clearly marked, yellow, the lateral and basal margins

brownish black ; a conspicuous elougate-oval median dash

that does not attain the margins. Ovipositor with the

tergal valves very long and slender, slightly upcurved.

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, 2, Kambah, March 22, 1912 (J. J. Simpson). _

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 394.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Clydonodozus neavei, sp. n.

Head black, sparsely brownish-pollinose ; mesonotal pre-

scutum with two narrow brown stripes ; wings yellowish

subhyaline with a very extensive brown pattern, the more

conspicuous being a very broad band along the cord com-

pletely filling cell ls¢ 4M, ; the costal, cubital, and anal cells

are largely brown ; cell lst My long, the inner end pointed.

Sex ?—Wing 10°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi pale. Autenne broken, Head black,

sparsely brown-pollinose ; vertex broad ; eyes widely sepa-

rated above, narrowly beneath.

Pronotum reddish brown. Mesonotal preescutum reddish

brown with two long, narrow, brown stripes, narrowly

separated by a pale median line ; lateral stripes broader but

less clearly defined ; remainder of the mesonotum dark

brown, sparsely grey-pruinose, especially the postnotum.

Pleura reddish brown, sparsely pruinose. Halteres pale

brown, the knobs darker brown. Legs with the cox

reddish, the outer faces of the fore aud middle coxe dark

brown ; trochanters reddish ; remainder of the legs broken.

Wings yellowish subhyaline with a very extensive brown

pattern, arranged as follows: costal cell yellowish brown

basally, about mid-distance between the arculus and the

origin of As passing into uniform dark brown; the stigmal

area is broken in the only remaining wing ; a broad rounded

brown spot at the arculus ; another about mid-distance to

the origin of Rs ; a third at the origin of fs ; a very broad

seam at the cord, broadened out at the fork of M, so that the

entire cell lst M, is dark, this same area sending a seam to

the fork of M,,.; a broad brown seam occupies the basal

344 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-fies

half of cell J/, passing across cell Cu where it occupies

nearly half the length of the cell, reaching the wing-margin

at the end of vein 2vd A; large brown clouds along the

wing-margin at the ends of the veins ; 2nd Anal ceil brown

excepting the basal third; veins dark brown, Venation:

Rs almost square at origin ; basal deflection of Ay,; about

one-half longer than 7-m ; inner end of the long cell 1st 4,

pointed ; r-m and the basal deflection of Cu, mserted beyond

mid-length of cell lst M/,; petiole of cell M, about as long

as this cell.

. Abdomen reddish brown, the apex broken, so that the sex

and length are uncertain.

Hah. Belgian Congo.

Holotype, sex ?, Lualaba River, altitude 2500-4000 feet,

November 5, 1907 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1907. 230.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Clydonodozus brevicellulus, sp. n.

Resembles C. neavei, but the wing-pattern is less ex-

tensive, the band along the cord narrow and not suffusing

cell 1st M.; mesonotal preescutum with reddish stripes ;

legs dark brownish black with only the femoral bases paler.

Male.—Length about 11°5 mm. ; wing 11'1 mm.

Rostrum reddish brown; palpi darker brown. Antenne

with the elongate basal segment of the scape dark brown,

a little paler basally ; second segment dark brown ; flagellum

small, the verticils of moderate length; basal two or three

flagellar segments united into a fusion-segment as in the

genus. Head dark brown, the front and anterior part of

vertex golden-pollinose.

Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with a shiny reddish

stripe on either side of the median line, these narrowed

behind ; remainder of the mesonotum reddish brown,

sparsely pollinose. Pleura reddish brown, the mesepimeron

and lateral margins of the postnotum greyish-pruinose.

Halteres pale brown. Legs with the coxze and trochanters

deep reddish brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the

femora paler basally. Wings with aa strong, dull yellow

tinge, the costal cell and ends of cells 2nd ty, Ry, and R,

brownish yellow ; pale brown clouds and seams at the origin

of Rs ; mid-distance between arculus and the origin of /s ;

along the cord, darkest at the stigma and completely tra-

versing the wing as a narrow seam, at cell lst MZ, forking

and suffusing the veins that surround this cell; a small

in the British Museum. 345

cloud at the fork of 1/,,, ; indistinct seams along veins J/

aud Cu; veins pale brown, those in the costal region more

yellowish brown. Venation: Js strongly arcuated at

origin ; cell lst M, rather short, the inner end only mode-

rately pointed and prolonged ; basal deflection of Cu, beyond

mid-length of cell Is¢ M/, ; cell M, shorter than its petiole.

Abdomiial tergites obscure yellowish, the ends of the

eighth and ninth tergites brown; sternites yellow with a

narrow, dark brown, median stripe that is but narrowly

interrupted at the caudal margins of the segments ; lateral

margins of the sternites narrowly dark brown.

Hab, Ashanti.

Holotype, 3, Obuasi, 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham), B.M.

no. 1908, 245.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Clydonodozus pallidistigma, sp. n.

Male.— Length 15 mm. ; wing 12°6 mm,

Generally similar to C. brevicedlulus, differing as follows :—

Mesonotal preescutum reddish brown with three darker

brown stripes, the median stripe eutire ; legs with the

femora dark brown, the tips broadly black, especially those

of the fore legs, those ot the hind legs narrower ; tibiz

black, the bases narrowly paler ; tarsi black. Wings with

the pattern narrowly streaked longitudinally, not clouded

dud banded as in C. brevicellulus ; costal cell and cell 2nd &,

are strongly infuscated and weakly marmorate, but cell Sc

is light yellow to the apex, so the stigmal region is con-

spicuously pale ; longitudinal veius inconspicuously seamed

with brown, most distinct on Rs and ft; ; veins dark brown.

Venation: Rs with an interrupted cross-vein as in C. puncti-

costa and other species; /¢s and Fs in direct alignment ;

cell Ist M, rather long aud pointed at the inner end; basal

deflection of Cu, beyond mid-length of cell Ist M,; cell My

a little shorter than its petiole.

Abdomen yellow with the median stripe on the sternites

very distinct, dark brown, passing into black on the distal

segments and scarcely interrupted at the caudal margins of

the segments,

Hab. Uganda,

Holotype, 38, Northern Buddu, altitude 34800 feet,

September 16-18, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology,

lyld, 57.

346 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Clydonodozus angustifasciatus, sp. 1.

Mesonotal prescutum with three dark brownish-black

stripes, the median stripe entire ; scutal lobes dark ; legs

yellow, the femora and tibiz narrowly tipped with black ;

wings yellowish, a narrow dark brown seam along the cord ;

abdominal sternites with a continuous median brownish-

black stripe.

Male.—Length 15°2 mm.; wing 12-4 mm.; abdomen

alone, 11°5 mm.

Female.—Leugth 17°5 mm.; wing 12°2 mm.

Generally similar to the other species of the genus herein

described, differing as follows :—

Mesonotal prescutum with three dark brownish-black

stripes, the median stripe entire or only shallowly bifid

anteriorly ; secutal lobes dark brown; scutellum yellowish

testaceous ; postnotum paie yellowish. Mesopleura largely

dark coloured. Legs dull yellow, the tips of the femora and

tibiz narrowly (1 mm.) black; tarsi brownish yellow, the

distal segments dark brown, Wings dull yellow, the costal

region more suffused; conspicuous brown clouds at the

origin of Fs and the tip of Ry; a narrow dark brown seam

across the wing at the cord, beginning at the stigma, com-

pletely encircling cell ls¢ J/, ; a brown cloud at the fork of

M,,.; in the allotype the base of the wing and vein M are

likewise seamed with brown. Venation: Rs strongly angu-

lated at origin, at the bend with an interrupted cross-vein

to M as in the genotype and many other species of this

genus ; R,,; very short, only about two-thirds the length of

r—m or about equal to m; inner end of cell Ist M, pro-

longed and pointed ; cell M, a little longer than its petiole ;

basal deflection of Cu, slightly or far beyoud mid-length of

cell lst M., in the type and paratype being at nearly three-

fourths the length. In the allotype, cell lst J/, is smaller

and its inner end is not so prolonged.

Abdominal sternites with the median brownish-black band

almost continuous from the base of the abdomen to the

eighth sternite, scarcely (if at all) interrupted at the incisures ;

eighth sternite black basally, the distal half dull yellow.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 3, Mpanga Forest, Toro, altitude 4800 feet,

November 13-23, 1911 (S. A. Neave), B.M. no. 1911. 198.

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratopoiype, 3.

in the British Museum, 347

Clydonodozus anyustifasciatus interruptus, subsp. 1.

Male.—Length 13:2 mm.; wing 10°6 mm. ; abdomen

alone 10 mm.

In the general features of wing- and leg-pattern, this sub-

species is very similar to typical angustifasciatus, differing

1u the following features :-—

Size smaller. Median preescutal stripe split by a pale

median vitta ; abdomen much shorter ; the median stripe

on the sternites reduced to short deiicate lines that are

nearly their own length from the posterior margins of the

segments and almost as remote from the anterior margin ;

anterior and lateral margins of the intermediate segments

narrowly blackened, the lateral margins becoming obsolete

behind at about two-tiirds the length of the segments ;

eighth sternite shorter, black with a large, rounded, pale

spot on either side, the apex black. Gonapoplyses of the

male hypopygium straight, parallel, the tips flattened and

twisted almost as in the typical variety.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, &, South of Lake George, altitude 3200-3400

feet, October 17-19, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology,

1915. 57.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Genus PseupoLtrmnorpuita, Alexander.

Pseudolimnophila rex, sp. 0.

Size large (wing of ¢ over 13 mm.); antenne brownish

black, the first flagellar segment yellowish ; legs brownish

black ; wings with a strong dusky tinge, the cross-veins

and deflections indistinctly darker ; a supernumerary cross-

vein in cell Ry ; basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork

of M.

Male.—Length 13°5 mm.; wing 13°3 mm.; hind leg,

femur 1] mm., tibia 11°2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the elon-

gate first scapal segment brown, greyish-pruinose; second

segment dark brown; first flagellar segment light yellow ;

remaining flagellar segments dark brownish black, elongate,

with long verticils. Head greyish brown, the anterior part

of the vertex indistinctly yellowish with a large dark mark ~

between the eyes at the narrowest point; occiput brighter

brown,

348 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Pronotum narrowed to meet tle very long, narrow, back-

ward prolongation of the head, light cinnamon-brown.

Mesonotum light brown, the prascutum with slightly

darker stripes, this part of the body discoloured in the

unique type; tuberculate pits vot evident. * Pleura dark,

the bloom discoloured. Halteres light brown, the knobs

dark brown. Legs with the coxee dark brown ; trochanters

reddish brown ; remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings

with a strong dusky tinge, the costal and subcostal cells

darker ; faintly darker clouds at the origin of Rs, along the

cord and outer end of cell lst M.; veins dark brownish

black. Venation: Se moderately long, Sc; ending beyond

the fork of Rs, Sc, a little removed from the tip of Sc,; Rs

angulated aud spurred at origin ; a supernumerary cross-

vein in cell R, near mid-length; 7 on R,, the distance

between it and the fork of R,,3 about equal to the basal

deflection of Ry,;; R, beyond r about one-half longer than

r; ££ ,, arcuated at origin, shorter than /, before the

supernumerary cross-vein ; petiole of cell MZ, about one-

half as long as the cell and about equal to the deflection of

Ay,5; cell lst My, relatively small, closed, basal deflection

of Cu, slightly beyond the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 3, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, altitude 85C0O-8800

feet, July 16-25, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 19138. 140.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Pseudolimnophila aurantiaca, sp. n.

General coloration light orange-brown ; first flagellar seg-

ment dark brown with the basal third yellow ; head light

grey ; wings pale grey, the stigma pale brown ; /s longer

than f,,3; 7 close to the tip of /,; cell Ist MM, small;

basal deflection of Cu, at about one-quarter the length of

cell lst Ad.

Male.—Leugth 6°2-7°5 mm. ; wing 65-8 mm.

Rostrum pale brown ; palpi dark brown. Antenne dark

brown ; first flagellar segment of about the same size aud

form as the second, dark brown, the basal third con-

spicuously light yellow. Head dark, light grey-pruinose ;

head only moderately prolonged behind.

Mesonotum light orange-brown without stripes; post-

notum paler, yellow. Pleura pale yellow. Halteres pale,

the knobs brown. Legs with the coxze and trochanters

in the British Museum. 349

light yellow ; femora pale brown, the bases paler, the tips

dark brown; tibiee and_ tarsi dark brown. Wings very

indistinetly pale grey, only the stigma indistinctly pale

brown, oval in outline; veins dark brown. Venation :

agreeing most nearly with P. frugi iw that the basal

deflection of Cu, is far before mid-length of cell lst My ;

Rs longer than R;; R,,3 longer and more arcuated than in

frugi: r on Ry immediately ‘beyond the fork of A,,3 5 2,

beyond r a little longer than this cross-vein alone; cell

Ist M, small, shorter ean the petiole of cell M, ; cell My a a

little shorter than its petiole ; basal deflection of Cu, at

about one-quarter the length of cell Ist M,.

Abdomen light brown.

Hab. Southern Rhodesia.

_ Holotype, 8, Mt. Chirinda, Melsetter District, altitude

3800 feet, March 4, 1910 (C. F. M. Swynnerton).

Par atoputype, 3, December a 191.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1912. 117. 145.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Pseudolmnophila senex, sp. 0.

Male.—Length 95 mm.; wing 10 mm. ; hind leg, femur

9°1 mm., tibia 9 mm.

Related to P. frugi (Bergroth) of South Africa, but very

much larger, differing moreover as follows :—

Pleura more plumbeous ; legs entirely pale brownish

yellow, the tips of the femora Het darkened ; wings with a

strong greyish suffusion. Venation: 7 considerably removed

from the tip of R,, the latter being twice the length of r

alone; vein fy running generally parallel to R; for its entire

length so that cell 22d R, is much wider at the wing-margin

than cell 2, ; deflection of R,,; about equal to r—m ; petiole

of cell M7, unusually short, less than one-half cell J/, ; ; cell

lst M, longer than vein Cu, beyond it; basal deflection of

Cu, at about one-fourth to one-fifth the length of cell

lst M,; pleurites of the male hypopygium long and slender.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 8, Ankole—Toro Border, East of Lake George,

altitude 4500 feet, October 20-21, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by ‘the Imperial ‘Bureau of Entomology,

I9ld. 57.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History ).

350 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Pseudolimnophila cinctifemur, sp. un.

Head pale yellowish grey ; antenne with the first flagellar

segment light yellow; mesonotal prescutum brownish

yellow with an oblique lateral brown. stripe; pleura silvery-

grey with two narrow, brown, longitudinal stripes; legs

light yellow, the femora with a very narrow, dark brown

subterminal ring ; wings grey, spotted with pale brown;

cell M, small; abdomen dark brown, the sternites more

yellowish.

Female.—Length about 8°5 mm.; wing 7°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first

segment brownish yellow, sparsely pollinose ; second seg-

ment yellowish brown, the tips dark brown ; first flagellar

segment small, subglobular, light yellow ; ; Yemaining

flagellar segments dark brown, the distal segments consider-

ably elongated. Head pale yellowish grey, the occiput

paler.

Pronotum conspicuous, pale brownish yellow, the anterior

margin concave. Mesonotal prescutum rather bright

brownish yellow, with a capillary dark brown median line ;

cephalic and lateral margins of the sclerite narrowly dark

brown, the latter near the wing-root sending a broad brown

stripe obliquely cephalad towards the dorso-median line, the

two enclosing between them a humeral yellowish area of a

rectangular form with the pseudosutural fovee at about

mid-length ; ; scutum brown, the scutal lobes darker brown ;

scutellum and postnotum pale brownish grey, the latter with

an indistinct capillary brown median line. Pleura in-

distinctly pale grey-pruiose with two short, longitudinal,

brown lines, one on the mesepisternum, the other near the

dorsal limits of the mesosternum ; dorso-pleural membrane

likewise darkened ; a silvery-grey area on the sides of the

postnotum, in front of the halteres. Mesosternum pale.

Halteres light yellow. Legs with the coxe lght yellow,

the extreme tips a little darker; trochanters dull yellow ;

femora light yellow, a short distance (O 9-10 mm.) before

the tips with a very narrow (0°3 mm.) dark brown ring ;

remainder of the legs light yellow, only the distal tarsal

segments dark brown. Wings grey, spotted with pale brown

along the veins ; in the costal cell a few darker brown spots

and dots, the more conspicuous at the arculus, tip of Se,

and tip of R, ; the largest of the pale brown areas occur at

the origin of Rs, at the stigma, along the cord and outer end

of cell lst M, and at the ends of the longitudinal veins ; a

in the British Museum. 351

series of small brown dots along veins Cu and 2nd A; no

dots along Rs except the large one at the origin ; the

general effect of the wing- pattern is of a rather abundant

basal and apical clouding with a broad cross-bind that is

almost as wide as the length of the sector, practically

destitute of dark markings, one the series along vein Cu

being present. Venation: Rs angulated at origin; basal

deflections of R,,; and Cu, subequal ; r—m ehontee ian mM ;

cell Ist My rectangular, longer than the basal deflection of

Cu, which is meeercd at “ent the middle of its length;

cell WM, very small, only about two-fifths the length of its

petiole.

Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites brownish

yellow. Ovipositor with the valves long and slender.

Hab. Southern Nigeria.

Holotype, 9 , Akassa, May 5, 1910 (J. J. Simpson).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1910. 222.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Pseudolimnophila varipes, sp. ni.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 7°2 mm.

Close to P. cinctifemur, differing as follows :—

Scapal segments dark brown, the flagellar segments pale

yellow. Head pale brownish grey with a faint brown

median line, paler adjoining the margin of the eyes. Pro-

notum with a median brown line. “Mesonotal preescutum

darker-coloured, but with the arrangement of the pattern

generally similar. Mesosternum dark brown. Halteres

with the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe greyish ;

trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown throughout ;

remainder of the legs abruptly light yellow, only the

terminal tarsal segments a little darker. Wing-patter n

much heavier, the pale grey spots along the veins very

numerous and in almost all cases large and confluent across

the cells ; a series of about fifteen small brown dots in the

costal cell ; larger and darker spots at the ends of veins Sc,,

I,, Ro, and R;. Venation: Rs shi rter; Ay,3 louger, about

equal to the petiole of cell M,; cell Ist My, very small, sub-

quadrate, the basal deflection of Cu, inserted just before the

middle of its length ; petiole of cell WM, nearly equal to this

cell, Abdominal segments dark brown.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 3, Entebbe, June 8, 1910 (Dr. C. A. Wiggins).

352 Dr. C. P: Alexander on African Crane-flies

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology,

TO4. Y42

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

This beautiful Pseudolimnophila is even closer to P.

rhodesie (Alexander) of Rhodesia than it is to P. cineti-

femur ; from the former it differs in the coloration of the

mesonotum ; the wing-pattern is much heavier, the spots

along most of the veins being confluent with one another

across the intervening cells ; in the costal cell an almost

regular series of about fifteen brown dots ; the venational

details are slightly different, especially in the length of the

veins beyond cell lst J4/,. The colour of the legs in

P. rhodesia is unknown. ‘These three species form a rather

isolated group of the genus distinguished by the beautifully

patterned wings and the very small cell 1st ME

Tribe LIMNOPHILINI.

Genus Limnopuita, Macquart.

Limnophila distigma, sp. n.

Head grey ; mesonotal preescutum yellowish grey with

four darker stripes ; pleura with a narrow brown longi-

tudinal stripe ; mesosternum dark brown ; wings pale grey,

sparsely spotted with dark brown at the forks and ends of

the vems ; 7 at the tip of R,; basal deflection of Cu, at mid-

length of cell Ist A/,.

Sex ?—Wing 8°7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the basal

segment yellow ; remainder of the antenne broken. Head

grey ; eyes large, the vertex between them narrowe

Pronotum pale grey ; prosternum distinct, separating the

fore cox, appearing as a narrow, dark-coloured plate.

Mesonotal prescutum pale yellowish grey with four darker

stripes, the long intermediate pair narrowly separated by

an indistinct, capillary, pale line ; lateral stripes less distinct ;

scutum and scutellum pale yellowish grey, the lobes of the

former indistinctly marked with brown; postnotum clear

light grey. Pleura obscure brownish yellow with a rather

narrow, interrupted, dark brown stripe extending from the

propleura across the mesepisternum, ending as a rounded

spot on the mesepimeron ; a spot on the mesepisternum,

ventrad of the stripe ; mesosternum dark brown. Halteres

dull yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxz pale

tn the British Museum. 353

yellow, the outer face of the fore coxe a little darker ;

trochanters yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown, the

femoral bases paler brown. Wings with a pale brownish-

grey tinge, sparsely marked with small, rounded, brown

spots, as follows: at arculus; at origin of Rs; at the fork

of Sc; at the fork of R,,,; tip of R,, the two last spots

forming a geminate mark at the region of the stigma; spots

at the tips of veins ?,, 23, 2nd A, and smaller spots at the

ends of all the intermediate longitudinal veins ; cord and

outer end of cell 1st M, very narrowly seamed with brown ;

a rounded brown cloud at the fork of J/,,.; veins dark

brown. Venation: Se moderately long, Sc, ending a short

distance beyond the fork of Fs, Sc. nearly at the tip of Sc,

and exactly oppdsite the fork of Rs; Rs long, strongly

angulated at origin; /,,, long, gently arcuated, longer than

cell lst M,; 7 at the tip of R, and just before mid-length of

R, ; inner ends of cells 3, R;, and 1st Mz almost in align-

ment; cell J/, deep, about two and one-half times the

length of its petiole; cell ls¢ M, large, subrectangular ;

outer deflection of M; a little longer than m; basal deflec-

tion of Cu, at or just beyond mid-length of cell Ist Mj.

Macrotrichie on the veins numerous, black; on veins R

and 2nd A extending to basad of arculus,

Abdominal segments dark brown, the apices broadly

yellowish, broader and more evident on the sternites. The

abdomen is broken before mid-length in all three specimens

available.

Hab. British Central Africa.

Holotype, sex? (Dr. C. W. Daniels), no. 82.

Paratopotypes, 2 specimens of uncertain sex, one carded

with the type.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnophila diffusa, sp. n.

Head grey ; mesonotal preescutum yellow with three dark

brown stripes; wings greyish yellow with a very pale

diffuse pattern ; abdominal segments ringed with brown and

yellow.

Female.—Length 8°6 mm. ; wing 9 mm,

Rostrum yellowish; palpi brown. Antenne with the

elongate first scapal segment pale brown, the second obscure

yellow ; flagellum broken. Head grey, the region of the

occiput more brownish yellow.

Pronotum pale greyish brown. Mesonotal przscutum

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 24

354 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

yellow with three dark brown stripes, the long median stripe

broadest in front, barely attaining the suture ; pseudo-

sutural foveze dark brown, conspicuous ; no evident tuber-

culate pits; scutum with the lobes dark brown; median

area of the scutum and the scutellum pale brownish yellow ;

postnotum greyish-pruinose. Pleura yellow. Halteres pale

brown, the knobs broken. Legs with the coxw and _ tro-

chanters yellow ; femora brownish yellow ; remainder of the

legs pale brown, the tips of the femora and tibiz scarcely

darkened. Wings with a greyish-yellow tinge; stigma

oval, brown; very diffuse, extensive grey clouds at the

origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell Ist Ma, ;

veins dark brown. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending nearly

opposite or slightly before mid- length Of Migs Se, at the

tip of Sey 3o% at the tip of R, and on R, a little before mid-

length of the vein; Rs long, gently arcuated at origin ;

R,,3 shorter than cell lst M,; basal deflection of R,,; ca

r—m subequal ; petiole of cell M, a little more than one-third

the length of the cell; basal deflection of Cu, at or beyond

mid-length of cell lst My.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, paler basally, distinctly

ringed caudally with yellow to give the tergites an annulated

appearance ; sternites more uniformly yellowish. Ovipositor

with the tergal valves long and slender, gently upcurved.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 2, Kericho, altitude 5500 feet, November 1,

1912 (KR. B. Woosnam). B.M. no. 1914. 2.

Paratopotypes, 2 2, one pinned on the same pin as the

type-specimen of Hrioptera subirrorata.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnophila diffusa is generally similar to L. distigma, but

is readily told by the wing-pattern and slightly different

venation, especially the longer R, which is bent at about

mid-length toward the wing-apex, so that cell 2nd R, is

nearly three times as wide at the wing-margin as is cell R, ;

R,,3 1s much shorter and less arcuated.

Limnophila abyssinica, sp. un.

General coloration shiny black; legs black, the femoral

bases yellow ; wings yellowish, the veins heavily seamed

with brown ; abdomen black, the hypopygium reddish.

Male.—Length about 8 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne with the scape black,

the first segment very long, cylindrical; flagellum broken.

in the British Museum. 355

Head very broad, black, with a sparse brown pollen; vertex

with numerous, mostly proclinate bristles ; vertex between

the small eyes very broad.

Pronotum moderately conspicuous, dark brown ; scutum

transversely rectangular; prosternum moderately broad,

separating the fore coxe. Mesonotum shiny black through-

out. Pleura similar with a sparse brownish pollen.

Halteres brown, the base of the stem paler brown, the knobs

dark brownish black. Legs with the coxe very large, black ;

trochanters reddish brown; legs black, the bases of the

femora rather bright yellow, this narrowest on the fore legs

where it occupies a little more than the basal quarter,

broadest on the hind legs where about a third of the femur

is included ; femora rather stout. Wings yellowish sub-

hyaline with a rather heavy brown pattern, distributed as

follows: at h; in the basal cells extending from C to vein

Ist A, lying a short distance beyond the arculus ; an inter-

rupted cross-band at the level of the origin of-Rs, consisting

of a large rounded spot at the latter position and a still

larger, hour-glass shaped mark extending from cell M to the

wing-margin at the end of vein 2nd 4A, narrowest at vein

Ist A, this band interrupted on both sides of vem M in

cells Rand M; the third area consists of a similarly inter-

rupted band at the cord, broadest at the costal margin,

narrowed behind to the fork of M, continued behind this as

a broad seam on the basal deflection of Czx,, which forks,

sending a branch to both Ist A and Cu, at the wing-margin ;

outer end of cell lst MW, seamed with brown; a small spot

at the fork of 14,,,; conspicuous rounded brown clouds at

the ends of all the longitudinal veins, those at the wing-tip

being confluent across cells R, to 1/,; a large rounded spot

at the middle of cell 2nd A ; veins yellow, dark brown in

the darkened areas. Venation: Sc ending immediately

before the fork of Rs, Sc. at the tip of Sc,; Rs long,

straight, forming an acute angle at its origin ; R,.,; short,

about equal to r-m.; r near the tip of R, and at about mid-

length of the long R, ; basal deflection of R,,; about one-

half longer than 7—m ; inner ends of cells R; and R; almost

in alignment or the latter a little more distad ; cell lst M,

rectangular, the basal deflection of Cu, at about three-fifths

its length ; cell 1st M, a little longer than its petiole ; forks

of vein Cu about equal ; 2nd Anal vein sinuous.

Abdomen shiny black, the ninth pleurites and appendages

conspicuously reddish ; pleural appendages slender, gently

curved, decussate.

Hab. Abyssinia.

24*

356 Dr. G. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Holotype, 8, Higo Samula, October 30, 1911 (R. J.

Stordy). B.M. no. 1912. 329.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Limnophila unijuga, sp. n.

Head light grey ; mesonotum light brownish yellow ; a

capillary dark brown dorso-median line extending from the

head to the base of the abdomen ; femora dark brown with

an indistinct yellowish ring before the tips; wings light

yellow with a narrow, dark brown cross-band at the cord

and small brown spots at the ends of all the veins; Ro,3

short, cell 1; present.

Male.—Length 9 mm.; wing 10 mm. ; hind leg, femur

7°2 mm., tibia 8 mm.

Female.—Length 11:5 mm.; wing 11°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the first

segment elongate, black ; second scapal and first five

flagellar segments bicolorous, the basal half dull yellow, the

apical half dark brown ; distal flagellar segments elongate,

dark brown; basal flagellar segments narrowed basally,

more enlarged distally. Head light grey with a conspicuous,

capillary, black median line that is split and enlarged at its

anterior end between the eyes ; remainder of the vertex with

scattered dark brown setigerous punctures ; head somewhat

narrowed behind, but not so accentuated as in Pseudolim-

nophila.

Pronotum light fawn-coloured, dark brown medially ;

prosternum between the large fore coxze narrow. Meso-

notal preescutum light brownish yellow with a capillary dark

brown median line ; tuberculate pits retreated rather far

back to beyond mid-length of the distance to the pseudo-

sutural fovez, one on either side of the capillary median

line above described; remainder of the mesonotum pale

greyish yellow, the median line becoming much broader and

darkening into black. Pleura dull yellow, the mesopleura

indistinctly greyish-pruinose. Halteres dul] yellow, the

knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

dull yellowish ; femora dark brown, the bases narrowly

paler ; an indistinct obscure yellowish ring before the

nearly subequal dark brown tips; tibie and tarsi dark

brown. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge, sparsely

marked with dark brown spots and seams, the most con-

spicuous being a dark seam along the cord ; these marks are

as follows: at the origin of Rs; a narrow brown seam along

the cord and outer end of cell lst M,, in the female the

in the British Museum. 30a

former band continues entirely across the wing; small

brown dots at the ends of all the longitudinal veins, at r, at

the fork of M,,,, and at two-thirds the length of vein Is¢ 4;

veins pale brown, darker in.the brown areas. Venation :

Sc ending about opposite the fork of Rs, Se, at the tip

of Sc; ; Rs moderately elongated, thé base with a short

angulation; R,,3 very short, about equal to 7 or a little

longer ; 7 at the tip of Ry, a little before mid-length of R, ;

inner ends of cells R3, R;, and Is¢ M/, in alignment ; cell

ls¢ AM, short and almost square in the allotype, more rectan-

gular in the type, the basal deflection of Cu, at about mid-

length ; cell MM, a little longer (male) or shorter (female)

than its petiole.

Abdomen dull yellow, the outer tergites indistinctly

darker caudally ; pleurites of the hypopygium not greatly

elongated, Terminal segments of the abdomen in the female

abruptly smaller than the others, subtelescopic; valves of

the ovipositor slender, the tergal valves a little upcurved at

their tips.

Hab, British Fast Africa, Nyasaland.

Holotype, 8, North slope of Kenya on the Embu—Meru

Road, British Hast Africa, altitude 4500-5000 feet, February

13-14, 1911 CS. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1912. 70.

Allotype, ?, Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, altitude 6500 feet,

November 11, 1913 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1914. 498.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History),

Limnophila difficilis, sp. n.

Antenne elongate; head light grey; general coloration

yellow, the mesonotal preescutum and scutum marked with

dark brown ; wings subhyaline, stigma indistinct ; Sc, long,

7 some distance from the tip of R,, cell ds, lacking, cell

lst M, open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of M3.

Female—Length about 65 mm.; wing 7°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Antenne moderately

elongated, the scapal segments obscure yellow, the flagellum

pale brown; the apical segments of the flagellum are broken

so that it is impossible to tell the exact length of the organ,

but from the unusually elongate structure of the flagellar

segments it is evident that the antenne are of a distinctly

elongate type; verticils numerous, scattered along the seg-

ment, the longest about equal to the segments that bear

them. Head light grey with yellowish setz.

Pronotum conspicuous, pale yellow. Mesonotal pre-

scutum obscure yellow with four dark brown stripes, tle

398 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

intermediate pair ending before the suture, very narrowly

and indistinctly separated from one another by a _ pale

capillary line; pseudosutural fovee large, pale ; no tuber-

culate pits; scutum obscure yellowish, each lobe with two

confluent dark brown spots, the more lateral being con-

tinuations of the lateral preescutal stripes; scutellum and

postnotum yellow. Pleura pale yellow. Halteres with the

stem yellow, brightest basally, the knobs dark brown. Legs

with the coxe and trochanters yellow; remainder of the

legs broken. Wings pale greyish subhyaline, the stigma

very indistinct and ill-defined ; veins dark brown. Venation:

Sc, ending opposite the fork of Rs; Sc, some distance from

the tip of Sc, the latter vein alone being a little longer

than R,,3; Rs rather long, gently arcuated ; R,,3; almost

in alignment with Rs, rather short, a little longer than the

deflection ob Rid. G46 On cits about, or less ame its own

length beyond the fork of Ry,3 ; R, beyond 7, aneer equal

to Sc; alone; basal deflection of R,,; and r—-m in oblique

alignment; cell M, lacking; cell Ist M, open by the

atrophy of the outer deflection of J/;; cell 2nd My, a little

more than twice its petiole; basal deflection of Cu, beyond

the fork of M, the fusion of Cu, and M; being about two-

thirds the length of the basal deflection of Cu.

Abdomen light reddish brown ; tips of the terebra broken

in the unique type.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3? , Blantyre, 1914 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1915.

128.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The legs are lacking in the unique type, and it becomes a

rather difficult matter. to place this fly generically. How-

ever, there seems no doubt in my mind but that the above

reference is the correct one.

Limnophila malagasya, sp. v.

Antenne small, the flagellum yellowish; general color-

ation dark brown ; halteres yellow ; legs yellow, the tips of

the femora broadly, of the tibize narrowly, dark brown ; legs

with an abundant outspreading pubescence ; wings w hitish

subhyaline with a heavy brown pattern that is irregularly

cross-banded, darkest in the costal cells, paler in the caudal —

cells ; interspaces without dark markings.

Female.—Length 19 mm.; wing 18 mm,

aiding ines ga ap Aat a

in the British Museum. 359

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennee short ; scapal

segments dark brown; flagellar segments small and thin,

pale brownish yellow ; verticils long. Head dark brown.

Pronotum and mesonotum dark brown, the preescutum

with four narrow, dark brown stripes, the intermediate pair

separated from one another by a pale grey line. Pleura

dark brown, discoloured in the unique type. Halteres light

yellow, the knobs scarcely darker. Legs with the coxe

obscure yellow, the bases indistinctly infuscated, especially

the fore and middle coxze ; trochanters pale brownish yellow ;

femora yellow, the tips broadly dark brown ; tibiz. similar,

the tips narrowly dark brown ; first two tarsal segments

yellow, the tips very narrowly brown ; remaining tarsal

segments brown; legs moderately long and stout, the seg-

ments clothed with an abundant, delicate, nearly erect

pubescence. Wings whitish subhyaline with a heavy brown

patiern, the wing-base indistinctly yellowish; the dark

markings are arranged as follows: a series of about twelve

to fifteen spots and blotches in the costal and subcostal

cells ; the major wing-pattern appears as about four ill-

defined cross-bands, those before the cord paler and con-

fluent in cells Cu and Ist A; the band at the cord is

broadest and darker brown, extending from before the end

of Sc, to beyond the end of R,, including the bases of cells

R, and R; ; in the vicinity of cell I1s¢ I, the band is pale

brown with nearly hyaline areas near the veins ; this third

band completely traverses the wing, ending at the tips of

veins Cu, and Ist A as very pale blotches ; this band is

connected in cell M with the paler second band which

occupies the level of the origin of Rs; the fourth band

occupies the wing-apex, appearing as two dark areas at the

ends of veins R, and Rs, paler in the other cells, including

about the outer half of cells R; and &;, all of M,, the outer

three-quarters of 2nd M, and the tips of M; and Cy; a

white spot near the end of cell R,. separating the brown

blotches at the ends of veins R, and R,; series of a few

pale brown spots along the wing-margin in cells Is¢ 4 and

2nd A, along the anal veins on their outer ends and near the

base of cell Cu; the white interspaces are free from brown

dots; veins dull yellow, brown in the darkened areas.

Venation: Se long, Sc, ending about opposite mid-length

of Ro,3, Scy at the tip of Sc,; Rs long ; Roy; rather shorter

than cell lst M,; 7 on R, about twice its length before the

tip, and on Ry about twice its length beyond the fork of

Rs,3; inner ends of cells R;, ;, and 1sé M, almost in

aligument ; cell M, deep, nearly twice as long as its petiole ;

360 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

cell 1st M, moderately small, m less than one-half the outer

deflection of A/;; basal deflection of Cu, at from two-thirds

to three- quarters the length of cell lst My; 2nd Anal vein

sinuous.

Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with the valves long

and slender, the tergal valves gently upcurved before the

acute tips ; sternal valves straight and very slender, acicular.

Hab. Madagascar.

Holotype, 2, collected by M. D. Cowan. B.M. no.

80. 45.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Tribe HexaTOMINI.

Genus Ertocera, Macquart.

Eriocera leonensis, sp. 0.

Antenne short in both sexes ; head orange; mesonotum

brown, the preescutum with broad, shiny black stripes ; legs

black, the bases of the femora obscure yellowish ; wings

dark brownish black, cell 1/, lacking ; abdomen dark brown,

the basal two segments orange.

Male.—Length about 12°5 mm. ; wing 13°6 mm.

Mouth-parts very small, dark brown. Antenne short in

both sexes, dark brown, the segments with numerous, long,

scattered verticils. Head orange-red ; vertical tubercle low,

distinctly bifid by a shallow V-shaped notch.

Mesonotum light brown, the preescutum with three broad,

shiny black stripes that almost obliterate the ground-colour ;

scutum light brown, the lateral and anterior parts of the

lobes black ; scutellum and postnotum hght brownish yellow.

Pleura dark brownish black; sides of the mesosternum

paler. Halteres black, the extreme base paler. Legs with

the coxee black, the outer faces of the middle and hind coxe

marked with brown ; trochanters dark brown, the inner

faces obscure yellow ; remainder of the legs black, only the

basal fourth of the fore femora obscure yellow ; middle and

hind legs broken. Wings with a strong, almost uniform,

brownish-black suffusion, a little paler in the caudal cells ;

veins dark brown. Venation: Se ending just beyond the

fork of Rs, Sco a little removed from the tip of Sc,, the latter

vein alone about equal to 7-m ; 7 some distance from the tip

in the British Museum, 361

of fj, this tip about equal to Ay,;; 7 on AR, about, or a

little more than, its own length beyond the fork of R,3 ;

inner end of cell ls¢ A/, broader than the outer end, the

basal deflection of J/,,, long, indistinctly spurred ; cell

Ist MM, about equal to vein J/; beyond it ; cell My, lacking ;

basal deflection of Cu , at the fork of M or some distance

beyond (oue-third the length of cell 1s¢ M, in cases) ; forks

of Cu very divergent, almost forming a straight angle, Cu,

avery little shorter than the deflection of Cu,;. Of the type-

specimen but a single wing remains, but of the paratype

both wings are preserved,

Abdomen with the basal two segments orange, the re-

maining segments passing into dark brown.

Hab. Sierra Leone.

Holotype, 3, Baiima, August 10, 1912 (J. J. Simpson).

Paratype, sex?, Makump, September 19, 1912 (J. J.

Simpson).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 394.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Eriocera leonensis is closely related to E. obscura (Bigot)

of Madagascar, but the details of coloration are different.

Eriocera pusilla, sp. n.

Size very small (length under 6 mm.) ; general coloration

dark brownish black; antenne of the male greatly elon-

gated ; vertex of the male with a conspicuous globular crest ;

wings with cell AR, small, cell W, lacking, cell 1st M/, closed ;

ovipositor with fleshy valves.

Male.—Length 5-4 mm, ; wing about 7 mm.

Female.—Length 5 mm. ; wing about 5°7-6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Auteune of the male

greatly elongated ; when entire probably at least twice the

length of the body ; in the unique male, there are but three

flagellar segments remaining ; the first scapal segment is

pale brown, obscure yellowish beneath ; second segment

very small, dark brownish black; first flagellar segment

with a dense, pale, erect pubescence and a single spine near

three-fourths the length ; second flagellar segment with

widely separated spines arranged in two rows, the more

distal of these more or less definitely in pairs ; antenne of

female short. Head dark brownish black, the vertex of the

362 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

male immediately behind the antennal bases with a very

large globular crest.

‘Thorax dark brownish black throughout ; in the female,

the scutellum grey-pruinose. Halteres dark brown. Legs

with the coxw and trochanters brownish black ; remainder

of the legs dark brown. Wings subhyaline ; stigma brown ;

veins dark brown. Venation: Rs long, gently arcuated ;

R,,; long, almost straight; 7 on Jt),3 a variable distance

betore the fork, from about one-half to about twice its own

length ; cell Ry small ; cell MM, lacking ; cell 1st M, closed ;

Gea deflection of Cli, at, or a short distance beyond, the

fork of M.

Abdomen dark brownish black. Ovipositor with the

valves blunt and fleshy as in H. longicornis Walker (eastern

North America).

Hab. Northern Nigeria, Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Zugeru, N. Nigeria, November 1910 GOs:

J. W. Scott-Macfie). B.M. no. 1911. 417.

Allotopotype, 2, Uctober 27, 1910. B.M. no. 1912. 119.

Paratype, 2, } Mi lanje, Nyasaland, April 5, 1915 (S. A.

Neave). B.M. no. 19138. 140.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

Ilistory).

Eriocera pusilla is the smallest species of the genus known

to the writer. No decisive differences are apparent between

the specimens from Nigeria and that from Nyasaland.

Eriocera nyasicola, sp. 0.

Antenne of the male elongated ; head obscure reddish ;

general coloration shiny black; legs black ; wings pale

brown, the costal margin dark brown ; veins seamed with

brown, cell JZ, lacking.

Male —Length about 11 mm. ; wing 13°6 mm.; antenna

about 83 mm.

Female.—Length 15°38 mm.; wing 14-4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown, the basal segments of the

latter lighter-coloured in the female. Antenneze of the male

very long, approxtmately three times the length of the body,

the third flagellar segment (8°5 mm.) equal to the combined

thorax and abdomen ; antennze with the scapal segments

deep wine-brown; flagellum black, the flagellar segments

provided with rows of slender bristle-like spines that become

even more slender, hair-like, on the last segment; these

in the British Museum.” 363

spines are approximately equidistant from one another on

all the segments ; flagellar segments increasing in length

from the first to the fourth ; in the female, the scapal seg-

ments are orange; flagellum broken. Head orange, darker

in the male ; both sexes are provided with a large globular

crest, larger and more erect in the male, more proclinate

but entire in the female.

Thorax deep shiny black, very sparsely brownish-pollinose.

Pleura similar, sparsely pruinose. Halteres black, the base ~

of the stem paler. Legs with the cox black, sparsely

grey-pruinose ; trochanters brownish black ; remainder of

the legs black. Wings with a pale brownish tinge, the

costal aud subcostal cells dark brown; stigma rather small,

dark brown ; all the veins conspicuously seamed with brown ;

veins dark brown. Venation : 7 on R, about its own length

or a little less beyond the fork of R,,3;; inner ends of cells

R,; and lst My, in alignment ; a spur at the bend of the

basal deflection of M1, ; cell J/, lacking ; cell 1s¢ M, small,

a little shorter than Cu, beyond it.

Abdomen shiny black, the basal segments brownish black.

Genital segment and ovipositor horn-coloured, the valves of

the latter elongate, the tergal valves slightly upcurved,

acute.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mianje, January 28, 1913 (S. A. Neave).

Allotopotype, 2, January, February 1914 (Dr. J. B.

Davey).

Paratopotype, 3, with the type.

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 236.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Eriocera tumidiscapa, sp. 1.

Antenuz of the male exceedingly elongate ; general

coloration grey, the mesonotal przescutum with four brown

stripes ; femora yellowish, narrowly tipped with brown ;

wings subhyaline, the gostal cell pale brown, cell M, lacking.

Male.—Length 10-12°4 mm.; wing 14-153 mm. ;

antenna 50-52 mm.

Generally similar to H. nyasicola, differmg as follows :-—

Larger; antennze longer, in the male more than four

times the length of the body ; basal segment of the scape

more tumid ; vertical crest of the male still larger and more

364 On a Millipede new to Science.

globose. General coloration of the thorax grey, the pre-

scutum with four brown stripes ; thorax with a dense, erect,

pale pubescence. Pleura dull grey. Legs with the femora

dull yellow, the tips brown ; tibize yellowish brown, the tips

narrowly darker brown ; tarsi dark brown. Wings paler

than in £. nyasicola, the costal ceil much paler brown ;

veins not, or indistinctly, seamed with brown. Abdomen

yellowish brown, the segments narrowly margined with

black. Male hypopygium small; pleurites slender, curved ;

appendages small.

fab. Sierra Leone, Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Sierra Leone (W. G. Clements). B.M.

no. 98. 20.

Paratype, 3, Mlanje, Nyasaland, January 2, 1913 (S. A.

Neave).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 236.

‘Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

XL.—Notes on Myriapodaa—XX1V. Preliminary Note on

a Maillipede new to Science. By the Rev. 8. GRAHAM

Brabe-Birks, M.Sc. (Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology

and Geology, 8.1. Agricultural College, Wye, Kent.

Mr. H. C. Cuapetow, Lecturer in Horticulture at Wye

College, recently drew my attention to a plot of selected

white czar runner-beans on Wye Field infested with

millipedes.

Among the species present I took a pale form, which I

have submitted to Monsieur Henry W. Brélemann, and he

has been kind enough to assure me that my animal is new to

science and to give me some account of its systematic position.

In the light of this information I submit the following

brief preliminary description :—

Proterotulus pallidus, sp. n.

Nearly allied to Amstetnta fusca (Am Stein), and in

general appearance similar to T'yphloblaniulus guttulatus

(Bose).

On Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges. 365

Length about 13 mm. Ocelli absent. Body creamy

white (2. e. without general pigment), but marked on either

side with a row of yellow to reddish-brown spots which are

lacking on the five front body-segments. The body is

sparsely furnished with relatively long hairs.

Types in the Brade-Birks collection.

In the field the most noticeable difference between T. quttu-

latus and the new species is the paleness of the latter. In

T. guttulatus the dark spots which run down either side of

the body are very conspicuous, whereas the corresponding

rows of yellow to reddish-brown spots seen in P. pallidus are

hardly visible to the naked eye. »

S.E, Agricultural College,

Wye, Kent,

21st July, 1920.

XLI.—Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges of the Palpomyia

Group. By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

DurinG the first half of June of this year, while staying

near Dartmouth, I noticed on several successive evenings a

swarm of flies which I at first took to be the males of a rather

large Chironomus, such as C. dorsalis, Mg. On netting

366 Mr. F. Ww. Edwards on

specimens, however, I was astonished to find, first that the

insects were only about half as large as they appeared to be

when on the wing, and secondly that the swarm consisted

exclusively of jemales of Palpomyta brachialis, Hal. The

fact that only females were present seemed sufficiently remark-

able, for, as is well known, these dancing swarms of Chiro-

nomide and other Diptera nearly always consist of males

only, and are often an essential preliminary to copulation, the

females flying into the swarm one by one, pairing, and the

pairs dropping out. There was, however, something still

more remarkable about these insects.

By accident I squeezed one of the flies between my fingers,

and noticed that some curious reddish tubes were being

everted from the end of the abdomen. Subsequent examina-

tion of other specimens confirmed the presence of these tubes,

and by careful observation of the insects on the wing it was

ascertained that the tubes were always fully everted during

flight, the position in which they were held being made

out with some accuracy. When the specimens were taken

in the net the tubes were withdrawn into the body with

amazing pee so that by the time the flies could be

examined there was rarely a trace of the tubes visible exter-

nally. This, then, was the explanation of the apparent

discrepancy in size between the flying and the captured

insects.

Palpomyia brachialis, Hal. Flying attitude.

The accompanying diagram shows the arrangement of the

fully extended tubes while the insect is in flight. The tubes

arise from openings in the membrane at the bases of some of

the abdominal segments. There isa pair at the bases of each

of segments 5-7, each tube being nearly as long as three

analy ina san

eae

Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges. 367

abdominal segments, while between seements 7 and 8 there

is another pair which is as long as the whole abdomen, each

tube being forked near its base, so that there are apparently

four long “tubes on this segment. The reddish-orange colour

of the tubes is in striking: “contrast to the shining bl: ack body

of the insect (P. brachialis is a species much resembling the

common P. flavipes, Mg., but with a yellow base to the

abdomen, and smoky wings yellow at the base).

Examples preserved in spirit were submitted to Dr. H.

Eltringham for his opinion as to the nature of the tubes.

Although these were unfortunately not fit for thorough

microscopic examination, Dr, Eltringham was able to eeu

that the tubes were of a glandular nature and provided with

delicate retractor muscles at different parts of their length;

he expressed the opinion that they were most probably scent-

producing glands. It is probable that they are connected

with pairing, and serve to attract the fk POR aden vad

not observe any males fly into the swarm, and se earched in

vain for them by sweeping in the vicinity.

After making the above described discovery | examined

every species of this group of flies which I came across, and

found that the tubes were by no means confined to P. bra-

chialis ; on the coutrary, it seems likely that they will be

found, when searched for, in all species of Palpomyia and

Bezzia and allied genera. Already the evidence available

shows that they exist in seven species, with interesting specific

modifications. Palpomyia flavipes, Mg., and P. preusta, Lw.,

show a pair of simple (not forked) tubes between segments 7

and 8, which, like those of P. brachialis, are as long as the

whole abdomen ; these species also have three, or ee

four, pairs of very short blunt-ended tubes, each hardly | onger

than one abdominal segment, between tergites 4-7 or 3-1,

In P. flavipes the tubes have a similar reddish- -orange colour

to those of P. brachialis, but in P. preusta they are for the

most part pale in colour.

Another (undetermined) species of Palpomyta also

shows tubes, the precise form of which was not properly

made out.

A slightly different arrangement is seen in P. distincta,

Hal., in which species the four pairs of tubes are all of about

equal length (about as long as three segments) and quite

colourless.

In the genus Bezzia I have so far had an opportunity of

examining two species, B. annulipes, Mg. (? solstitialis,

Winn.), has three pairs of colourless tubes, the pair between

368 On Scent-organs (?) in Female Midges.

the seventh and eighth tergites being nearly as long as the

abdomen, the other two pairs (between the fifth and sixth and

sixth and seventh tergites) a little over half as long. In

B. ornata, Me., there is apparently only one pair of tubes,

between the seventh and eighth tergites ; these are colourless

and not much shorter than the abdomen.

The presence of the tubes was ascertained or confirmed in

all the above cases by pressing the thorax and base of the

abdomen of the flies between finger and thumb. A similar

test applied to various species of the genera Forcipomyia,

Dasyhelea, Kempia, Culicoides, and Stilobezzia failed to pro-

duce any eversion, so that it is likely that the tubes occur

only in the bare-winged group. Up to the present I have

found them in females only ; they are absent in the male of

B. annulipes, the only species in which I have so far been

able to search for them in the male sex.

Apart from P. brachialis, the only species in which I have

observed the females swarming is P. flavipes, Mg. This was

at Snailbeach, Salop, in July last, where a few females were

observed swarming with male mayflies of the genus Baétis,

on which the Palpomyia were preying (see Ent. Month. Mag.,

Sept. 1920). Although the suggestion may seem fanciful,

it is perhaps within the bounds of possibility that in this case

the tubes were of advantage on account of their slight resem-

blance to the tails of the mayflies, thus rendering them more

easy of capture. The possibility of this is somewhat increased

by the fact that in this species I have also observed the males

swarming in the normal manner. Whether the more elabo-

rate tubes of P. brachialis have been developed through the

addition of some sexual function, or whether (more probably,

perhaps) the function is connected with sex in all cases, can

only be determined by careful observation of the habits of

allied species.

So far as I am aware, eversible tubes have not hitherto

been found in any Chironomid, nor in the female of any

insect. They are, of course, well-known in the males of some

Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, and M. Tonnoir has recently

described them in certain species of moth-flies of the

genus Pericoma. In none of tliese cases are the tubes

situated at the end of the abdomen as they are in Palpomyia

and Bezzia.

On new Species of Curculionids from Africa. 369

XLII.—On new Species of Curculionidee from Africa.

By Guy A. K. Marsuatt, D.Sc., C.M.G.

[Plate XTIL]

Tur types of all the species described below will be deposited

in the British Museum.

The terminology used in describing the male genitalia is

that proposed by Dr. David Sharp, F.R.S. (Trans. Ent, Soc.

Lond. 1918, pp. 209-222).

Subfamily bracwyprEriv2.

L[phisomus swynnertoni, sp. n.

d. Black, with the following markings formed of cream-

coloured scales : a narrow median stripe on the prothorax ;

a broad stripe on each elytron approximately between striz

2 and 5 from the base to beyond the middle, and a lateral

one from behind the shoulder to the middle of the side-

margin. Legs red-brown, with all the tarsi and the apices

of the front femora and tibize black.

@. Black, fairly densely and uniformly clothed with grey

or sandy scaling, having a greenish or coppery reflection ; the

male pattern often faintly indicated, owing to the scaling

being thinner from the base to the middle along the suture

and between strize 5 and 6 ; sometimes coloured lke the @.

3 ¢. Head closely and coarsely punctate, the scaling

much more sparse in the ¢ than in the ? ; the forehead

flat, with the punctures longitudinally confluent and with a

central stria which is continuous with, but much narrower

and shallower than, the furrow on the rostrum; the eyes

rather strongly convex, the space between them much

greater than the length of an eye (5:3). Rostrum much

longer than the head, parallel-sided from the base to beyond

the middle, gently dilated at the apex, with a broad deep

median furrow and two carinze on each side of it; the

impressed spaces adjoining the carine longitudinally strio-

late, and a shallow lateral impression in front of the eye.

Antenne with the scape only slightly exceeding the anterior

margin of the eye; the funicle with joint 1 half as long

again as 2, joints 3-7 subequal and slightly transverse.

Prothorax a little broader than long, the sides moderately

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, vi. 2D

370 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

and regularly rounded (rather more strongly in the ¢), not

constricted near the base; the basal margin distinctly

carinate and broader than the apex; the upper surface

closely set with low shiny granules, without any median

furrow, rather flattened on the disk, the dorsal outline being

almost level ; the scaling much denser in the ? than in the

3. lytra elliptical in ¢, broader in 2 and more sharply

acuminate behind, the basal margin truncate and strongly

carinate, the basal angles not projecting forwards, the apices

separately pointed ; the shallow striz with very shallow

separated punctures, which are almost concealed on the

apical half when the scaling is dense; the intervals almost

flat, finely rugulose, with a low humeral prominence at the

basal junction of intervals 7-9 in the ?, evanescent in

the g ; the short subrecumbent scale-like setee irregularly

placed, very dense where scaling is present and much more

sparse on the bare areas. Legs with the front femora only

slightly thicker than the others in both sexes ; all the tibiz

denticulate on the inner edge, the front pair with the outer

edge not curved at the apex in the ¢.

Length 9-12 mm., breadth 3°5-5°5 mm.

S. Ruopesta: outskirts of Chirinda Forest, 4060 ft.,

Melsetter district, 1906 (C. F. MW. Swynnerton).

Described from twenty-eight specimens.

Differs from all the previously described species in having

no median thoracic furrow, and in the numerous irregular

setee on the elytra.

Iphisomus manicanus, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 6.)

3 2. Very closely allied to J. swynnertoni, sp. n., and

differing from it only in the following poimts :—

The prothorax with a rounded spot of pale scales on each

side near the apical margin ; the legs much darker in colour,

the front tibize being entirely black. Head with the eyes

more convex, the forehead less striolate and without any

median stria. Rostrum much longer in proportion, especially

in the ¢, the median furrow narrower and _ shallower.

Antenne with the scape appreciably longer, but joint 2 of

the funicle shorter (about half as long as joint 1, instead

of two-thirds), and the club more sharply acuminate. Pro-

thorax with the sides much more strongly rounded, especially

in the ¢, the dorsal outline sloping forwards.

Length 11 mm., breadth 4 mm.

PortucuEse EK, Arrica: 1 6,1 ¢, Amatonga’s, Manika,

ee eee ee ee

EE ————————

ie —arese te SO a te wt ee chet gills a ate

Species of Curculionidee from Africa. STL

1906 (type); 2 $d, 1 2, Valley of Kola R., 1500-

2000 ft., E. of Mt. Chiperone, iv. 1913 (Dr. S. A. Neave).

In all Dr. Neave’s specimens there is an additional large

pale patch on the apical declivity of each elytron (var. excla-

mationis, noy.).

Protostrophus mucronatus, sp. ni.

3 ?. Colour piceous, with dense sandy and ash-grey

scaling, more or less mottled with dark brown ; sometimes

the paler scales and occasionally all of them are coppery

brown ; the prothorax with a sharply defined, broad, dark

brown lateral stripe which is invisible from above and is

continued on to the inflexed margins of the elytra as a more

or less indefinite stripe.

Head separated from the rostrum by a short, slightly

curved, transverse stria ; the forehead gently convex trans-

versely, with a very short median stria uniting with the

transverse one and hardly extending to the centre of the

forehead, and set with obliquely raised spatulate sete,

the shallow confluent punctation being entirely hidden by

dense circular sealing ; the scales on the gular region sparse

and narrow ; the eyes moderately prominent, deepest slightly

behind the middle, the orbit narrow and not projecting on

the posterior edge. Rostrum a little shorter than its basal

width, the sides slightly sinuate ; the dorsum plane, with a

shallow median impression containing a mere trace of a carina;

the scales on the mandibles elongate; the gene broadly

impressed. Antenne setose and not squamose ; the scape

slender and abruptly clavate ; the funicle with joint 1

nearly twice as long as 2, the remainder bead-like and trans-

verse, 7 the broadest. Prothorax moderately transverse

(4:3), broadest in the middle, the sides strongly and evenly

rounded, not emarginate behind the eyes ; the apical margin

gently convex dorsally, oblique at the sides; the base as

broad as the apex, slightly rounded and scarcely marginate ;

the very shallow confluent punctation entirely hidden by the

scaling, with a very narrow bare median line ; the upper

surface strongly convex transversely and set with short

suberect spatulate sete. Hlytra comparatively narrow,

subelliptical, broadest about the middle, the base deeply

sinuate; the strize shallow, the punctures in them only

faintly indicated through the scaling and each containing a

minute white seta, the intervals slightly convex and each

bearing a row of erect spatulate setz ; the scales very

25*

372 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

closely contiguous, subcircular and larger than those on the

pronotum, Legs rather stout; all the tibiz finely denti-

culate internally and with a well-marked apical mucro, that

on the middle pair being longer than the others ; the hind

corbels bare, narrowly enclosed, the upper edge distinctly

angulate at its base. Sternwn with the front coxe very

close to the gular margin.

The @ narrower than the ?, the prothorax slightly less

transverse, the legs (especially the femora) distinctly stouter,

and the last ventral segment more broadly rounded behind,

and with a small median i impression at the apex.

Length 8-4 mm., breadth 1:25-2 mm.

S. Ruopresta : Salisbury (GAs ee)

Described from 15 3 So and 8 9 ?.

Closely allied to P. (Strophosomus) setifer, Fhs., in which

the prothorax is much less strongly rounded at the sides,

the base and apex are truncate, and the lateral stripe is grey

and not dark brown, while the legs are more slender.

Protostrophus terrenus, sp. 0.

3d ?. Colour black, densely clothed with contiguous

subcircular scales, which are usually sandy-brown, with

indistinct mottling of darker brown, especially towards the

sides and apex of the elytra; the pronotum with two very

faint darker stripes and a more distinct ove on the side of

the prosternum. Sometimes the upper surface is almost

uniformly grey.

Head separated from the rostrum by a very deep bisinuate

furrow ; the forehead almost flat, with a broad and deep

median furrow extending to behind the eyes, and set with

subrecumbent flattened sete ; the eyes very prominent and

strongly produced backwards, deepest distinctly behind the

middle, the orbits fairly broad and very slightly projecting

on the posterior edge ; the gular area densely clothed with

broad scales. Rostrum evidently shorter than its basal

width, the sides straight and quite vertical, the upper sur-

face entirely flat, except for an indistinct scale-covered

median costa; the mandibles sparsely covered with small

round scales; the gene ouly shallowly impressed. Antenne

setose ; the scape slender and abenply clavate ; the funicle

with joint 1 half as long again as 2, the Heavies. about as

long as broad. Prothor ax much broader than long (5:8),

broadest a little behind the middle; the sides strongly

rounded, emarginate behiud the eyes and constricted at the

Species of Curculionide from Africa. 373

base ; the apical margin gently arcuate dorsally and very

oblique at the sides ; the basal margin not broader than the

apical, very slightly ‘arcuate, almost truncate, with a deeply

impressed transverse line close to the edge ; ; the dorsum

strongly convex transversely and slightly so longitudinally,

the apex being lower than the base; the coriaceous

sculpturing hidden by the scaling, except along a slightly

raised median line, which extends from the basal stria

to a little distance behind the apex; the flattened setze

recumbent. lytra broadly ovate, widest about the middle,

rather broadly rounded behind, the dorsal outline almost

flat, the basal margin sinuate ; the striz very shallow, but

the punctures deep and distinctly visible through the

scaling; each interval with a row of numerous curved,

or slightly raised, flattened setee ; the scales not larger than

those on the pronotum. Legs with the tibize not denticulate

internally, the apical mucro inconspicuous, the front pair

with the apical teeth stout and extending a short distance

up the external edge, the hind pair with the corbels dis-

tinctly enclosed, bare, the upper edge angulate at its base.

Sternum with the front coxe in the middle of the prosternum,

the centro-sternal piece forming a small tubercle.

The ¢ smaller than the ? aa a little narrower, and the

last ventral segment shghtly shorter.

Length 3° 55 mm., breadth 1°6-2°25 mm.

S. eae Buluwayo, xii. 1903 (G. A. K. M.).

Very similar in appearance to P. (Strophosomus) conveai-

collis, Fhs., but in that species there is a median furrow on

the prouotum and at the apex of the rostrum.

So far as is known at present, Southern Rhodesia appears

to be the northern limit of the genus Protostrophus. ‘The

present species was the only one met with at Buluwayo, and

P. mucronatus was the only species found at Salisbury

during many years’ collecting. Further south the species

are numerous, but I have seen none from the western

districts of the Cape Province.

Protostrophus carinirostris, sp. 0.

@. Colour black, densely clothed with small, almost

round scales, slightly overlapping in parts, those on the

pronotum being distinctly larger than those on the elytra.

Scaling on head and rostrum grey, with the costae brownish ;

pronotum grey, with a broad median brown stripe ; elytra

mottled wlth fawn, grey, and brown, interval 1 entirely sa

374 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

interval 3 with a more conspicuous grey spot behind the

middie, and a similar one a little in front of 1t on interval 5;

lower surface grey.

Head separated from the rostrum by a gently curved

furrow, almost plane between the eyes, with a very broad

and deep median furrow ascending to the vertex, flanked by

a low costa and two more on each side of it (sometimes

traces of a third) ; eyes very prominent and strongly pro-

duced backwards, deepest well behind the middle, the orbit

narrow and not projecting behind. Rostrum a little shorter

than its basal width, the lateral dorsal edges distinctly

sinuate behind the antenne and rather overhanging the

sides; the dorsum strongly tricarinate, the outer carine

nearer at the base to the median one than to the sides, and

gradually curving outwards to join the lateral margins above

the antennz ; the gene rather broadly and deeply impressed.

Antenne piceous, rather densely squamose ; the funicle with

joint 1 about one-fourth longer than 2, the remainder bead-

hike, 3 a little longer than broad, 4 to 6 about as long as

broad, 7 broader and transverse. Prothorax twice as broad

as long, widest about the middle, the sides strongly rounded

and deeply constricted close to the apex ; the base arcuate,

scarcely marginate, and much broader than the apex, which

is shallowly sinuate dorsally and vertical at the sides ; the

rather rugose sculpture of the upper surface is hardly

noticeable through the scaling, and a fine bare median

carina runs from the base almost to the apex; the narrow

flattened sete entirely recumbent. </ytra broadly ovate,

the sides shghtly rounded, widest rather behind the middle,

broadly rounded behind, and jointly sinuate at the base, the

dorsal outline gently convex and continuous with that of

the pronotum ; the broad shallow sulci containing pupillate

punctures that are perceptible through the scaling ; the

intervals convex, and each with two irregular rows of short

recumbent sete. Legs stout, densely squamose ; the tibize

not denticulate internally, and the mucro inconspicuous ;

the corbels of the hind pair narrowly enclosed, squamose,

with the upper edge strongly angulate at the base.

Length 5-54 mm., breadth 2°75-3 mm,

Nara: Frere, 1892 (G. 4. K. M.).

Described from four specimens.

Most nearly allied to P. (Strophosomus) sulcatifrons,

Mshl. (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1906, p. 914, pl. Ixvi. fig. 2),

which las the head and rostrum very similarly sculptured ;

but, apart from being nearly twice as large, that species has

scene etal ti at Sa

stapes

ri )nae

Species of Curculionide from Africa. 37

the pronotum deeply wrinkled longitudinally, with a broad

median carina and the sides angulated ; joint 2 of the

funicle is nearly as long as 1, and 7 18 as long as broad, etc.

Leurops sublineata, sp. 0.

Colour variable ; black with dense pale fawn or fawn-grey

scaling ; the prothorax usually with two broad dorsal paler

stripes ; the elytra sometimes almost unicolorous, but

usually variegated with indefinite darker and paler markings,

occasionally taking the form of macular stripes.

Head quite smooth, the close shallow punctation almost

entirely hidden by the scaling, the forehead flattened, the

sete slightly raised; the eyes moderately convex, the

posterior margin not raised above the level of the neck.

Rostrum nearly as long as its basal width, strongly narrowed

in front, with the sides gently sinuate and less perpendicular

than usual, so that the gene are more broadly visible from

above ; the upper surface with a rather deep median im-

pression in the anterior half, containing a low scale-covered

carina ; the upper edge of the scape running well below the

eye. Prothorax quite smooth, without any central furrow

or carina, the scaling and sete as on the head ; the sides

very gently rounded, the apex truncate dorsally and very

shallowly sinuate behind the eyes. lytra ovate, broadest

about the middle, rather sharply acuminate behind, the basal

margin jointly sinuate ; the surface quite even, not striate,

but with rows of separated punctures, each containing a

minute seta and almost concealed by the scaling ; ‘the

intervals flat, with irregular rows of appressed scale-like

sete, which are so short that usually the space between the

apex of one and the base of the next is about as long as

a seta. .

Length 4°25 mm., breadth 2°25 mm.

Orance Free Stare: Lindekwe Drift, xii. 1905 (Harold

Fry) ; Modderpoort, 30. x. 1914 (type).

Described from eight specimens.

Very closely related to the rather larger L. substriata,

Mshl. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) i. 1919, p. 20), but in

that species the rostrum is distinctly shorter, less strongly

narrowed in front, with its sides straight and more ne arly

perpendicular, and the dorsal impression is much shallower ;

the posterior portion of the orbit of the eye is raised above

the level of the neck ; and the setz on the elytra are much

376 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

more conspicuous and longer, the apex of one frequently

reaching the base of the next behind it.

In L. cana, Mshil. (1. c. p. 19), the rostrum is much less

narrowed in front and thus appears longer, being almost

oblong in shape, with steeply perpendicular sides ; the eyes

are much less convex; the prothorax more strongly

narrowed in front ; and the elytra broader and flatter, and

much less acuminate behind.

Leurops planoculis, sp. n.

& @. Colour black, with dense fawn-coloured scaling

having a more or less distinct coppery reflection, and some-

times with a very ill-defined broad paler stripe on the disk

of each elytron.

Head as in L. sublineata, but the central furrow more

distinct, the setze less conspicuous, and the eyes larger and

almost flat, so that the hind edge can pass beneath the

prothorax. Rostrum a little longer than its basal width,

rather strongly narrowed in front, the sides faintly sinuate ;

the upper surface with a rather large and deep median

impression, containing the usual low scale-covered carina ;

the line of the upper edge of the scrobe running only

slightly below the lower margin of the eye. Prothorax quite

smooth, with a trace of a bare median line in the basal half,

rather strongly narrowed in front and with the sides gently

rounded ; the basal margin rather strongly arcuate, the apex

very shallowly sinuate in the middle, but not behind the

eyes. /yira in the g very broad in proportion to their

length, widest at the middle, markedly flattened transversely

and broadly rounded behind ; in the 2 ovate, narrower,

widest before the middle, strongly convex transversely, and

markedly acuminate behind ; there is only a trace of very

shallow striz, the punctures in them. being distinct only

near the base and becoming obliterated by the scaling

behind ; the intervals with small, shortly ovate, and slightly

overlapping scales, smaller than those on the prothorax, and

irregularly set with very short recumbent scale-like sete.

Length, 8 5:25-5°6 mm., 9 5°6-6 mm.; breadth, o ?,

3°25-3°6 mm.

TransvasL: Johannesburg, 30. xi. 1918.

Described from three specimens submitted by the Division

of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria.

The largest of the five species at present known, and

remarkable for the extreme flatness of the eyes and the

marked sexual difference in the shape of the elytra.

~—— ee

Species of Curculionidee from Africa. 377

Subfamily Lupropivz.

Genus Enicopervs, Pér.*

This genus was placed by Dr. L. Péringuey in the sub-

family Tanymecine, near Siderodactylus ; but, despite a

certain superficial resemblance, it has no real affinity with

that genus, its nearest ally being Leptostethus, Waterh., in

the Leptopine.

To the original description the following generic charac-

ters may be added :—Head with the eyes entirely lateral,

the forehead very broad, Rostrum in a different plane from

the head, but not separated from it by a furrow ; scrobes

curved downwards and ending far in front of the eyes ;

mandibles squamose at the sides and multi-setose, with a

strong median tooth ; mentum transverse, trapeziform, with

two erect setee. Prothorax with well-developed postocular

lobes bearing a fringe of setee. Scutel/um small, but distinct,

circular. Elytra with ten complete stria, the basal margin

carinate, the lateral margin not excised near the base.

Wings eutirely absent. Legs: front coxe contiguous or

very narrowly separated, hind coxe meeting the elytra ;

tibie mucronate at the apex, the corbels of “the hind pair

terminal, squamose, and enclosed ; the third tarsal joint

broadly lobate, the claws free and squamose at the base.

Sternum with the gular margin deeply sinuate, the cox

nearer the front margin of the prosternum ; the mes-

episterna meeting the elytra, the mesepimera very much

reduced ; the metepisterna comparatively narrow and

scarcely dilated at the base, the bounding suture distinct

throughout ; the metasternum between the cox as long as

or longer than the mid-coxee. Venter with the intercoxal

process nearly as broad as the coxe ; veutrite 2 separated

from ] by a sinuate incision, and as long as 3 +4 4.

The genus Timus, Per, (Trans. 8S. Afr. Phil. Soc. 1892,

p- 128), which is unknown to me, must be extremely closely

related to Hnicoderus ; the only distinction given that may

be significant is that the eyes are slightly prominent and

have a small orbital ridge.

Enicoderus latifrons, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. figs. 9, 10.)

3 ¢. Colour black, densely clothed with indefinitely

variegated greyish- white, pale fawn, and brown scaling.

* Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. 1892, p. 127,

378 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

Head fawn-coloured, with an ill-defined median stripe and a

narrow ring round the eyes whitish ; rostrum mainly grey ;

prothorax greyish white with dark mottling on the posterior

dorsal area and mainly fawn in front; elytra with the

sutural and lateral margins fawn- coloured, the disk greyish

white, with darker mottling.

Head with the forehead gently convex longitudinally and

almost plane transversely, the sculpturing entirely hidden

by the densely packed, deeply cup-like scales; when these

are removed, the forehead is shiny and closely punctate

throughout, the punctures on the vertex being confluent and

rugose ; the whole head set with sparse stiff erect bristles ;

eyes very broadly ovate, obtusely acuminate below, and only

slightly convex. Rostrum longer than broad (7:5), the

dorsal area gradually narrowed from base to apex, but

the width across the genze equal to the basal width ; the

dorsum gently convex transversely in the basal half ouly,

the clothing and punctation similar to that of the forehead ;

the apical margin trisinuate and asymmetrical, the right

lobe being longer than the left. Antenne rather short and

densely squamose ; the funicle with jomt 2 about as long as

broad, scarcely longer than each of the four succeeding

joints aud shorter then 7. Prothorax broader than long,

widest at the middle, the sides very strongly rounded in

the ¢, less soin the 9 , markedly constricted near the apex,

the constriction continued as a shallow furrow across the

dorsum, and a similar furrow at the base ; the basal margin

arcuate in the middle and broader than the apical, which is

also arcuate dorsally ; the dorsum closely and coarsely

granulate, with a shallow median furrow on the basal half ;

the scales irregular in shape, concave, and in parts cup-like ;

the sete long, coarse, and erect. Scutellum densely squa-

mose, elevated. Hlytra subcylindrical in the g¢ and much

narrower than the aaa at its widest ;-broader in the ¢,

with the sides more rounded, broadest about the middle and

there as wide as or a little wider than the prothorax ; the

basal margin jointly sinuate, the external angles not pro-

jecting ; the shallow striz with very large round punctures,

which are completely covered by the scaling but distinctly

perceptible through it ; the intervals when bare not broader

than the punctures, each with a row of long erect sete, the

alternate ones slightly broader and higher; the scales

broadly overlapping, with their margins turned up. Legs

densely squamose and with long sete; the front tibie with

five teeth on the inner edge, the mid pair with three, and

Species of Curculionides from Africa. 379

the hind pair with four; the tarsi with joint 2 transverse

and not longer than 3.

Length 7-9 mm., breadth 2°5-3°5 mm.

Carr Province : Willowmore (Dr. H. Brauns).

Described from ten specimens.

The genotype, H. thoracicus, Pér., is readily distinguished

by the two remarkable tufted prominences on the pronotum

(especially developed in the @), the angular lateral dilatation

near the apex of the rostrum in the ¢, and by the elongate

2ud tarsal joint, which is longer than the 8rd *.

The very brief description of Timus simplex, Pér. (loc. cit.),

would almost apply to HE. latifrons, but the former species

is stated to have a small orbital ridge above the eye and a

lateral stripe of dense white scales on the elytra.

Enicoderus latifrens, sp. 0.

The male genitalia of E. latifrons are shown in text-fig. 1,

with the accessory parts, in the position of rest. On the

extreme right is the divided 6th ventrite, corresponding to

the 8th tergite ; behind and above this is the irregular bifid

plate from which arises the spiculum, a stout chitinised

invagination of the membrane which lies beneath the genital

tube, but with its free end curved round on to the dorsal

surface, thus forming an effective support for the tube.

The strongly chitinised median lobe, with its bluntly pomted

apical spatula and two long curved posterior struts, is quite

of the normal Brachyderine type, forming a closed tube ;

the sae projects a short distance behind the tube and is lined

almost throughout with minute, closely set asperities ; the

tegmen forms a very narrow circular ring, the dorsal portion

of which is produced forwards into a very slightly chitinised

bifid process.

* It may be noted that in this species the rostrum was described as

bearing five carine, but the supposed median carina is really a furrow.

380 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

Subfamily OrrorruyncHinZ.

Systates sexspinosus, sp. n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 12.)

3 2. Colour shiny black, with markings composed of pale

metallic-green scales; head and rostrum with sparse seti-

form green scales; pronotum with a few green scales

scattered along the median line; elytra with a broad

common sutural stripe of small separated scales, narrowing

from the top of the declivity to a point near the apex, and

a very irregular similar lateral stripe ; underside with sparse

greeu scales only on the prosternum and mesosternum.

Head with coarse, shallow, and usually confluent puncta-

tion, and a shallow median stria on the forehead, the vertex

transversely striolate. Rostrum a little shorter than the

head and separated from it by a rather shallow impression,

about as long as broad, the apex and base of equal width,

and the sides gently sinuate; the dorsum with very shallow

confluent punctures, and with a faint central costa and an

oblique one on each side in the @, these costs almost

obliterated in the 9. Antenne with the scape slender and

gradually clavate ; the funicle densely pubescent, with joint 1

rather longer than 2, the following being the order of

diminishing length: 1, 2, 3, (5, 7), 4, 6; the club elongate,

but little thicker than the funicle, and as long as 24 of the

preceding joints. Prothorar a little broader than long

(5:4), subcylindrical, the sides gently rounded, broadest at

the middle, the apex only slightly narrower than the base,

both being truncate; the upper surface closely covered

throughout with low granules, set with minute recumbent

pale sete. Hlytra ovate, broadest before the middle,

acuminate and jointly rounded at the apex ; the base on a

higher plane than the pronotum, sloping steeply forwards

and without a defined margin; each elytron with two stout

sharp forwardly-directed spines above the shoulder near the

base, the anterior one being much the smaller, and a third,

usually larger and sharper, backwardly-directed spine in the

same line behind the middle; the rows of punctures very

shallow and also irregular, except the three lying between

the suture and the row of spines; the sete extremely

minute, except along the sutural area, where they are short

and recumbent, heeoiiins longer and erect towards the apex

along the suture and lateral margins. Legs long and slender ;

owing to the flattening of the lower surface the hind cox

are very widely separated and, as it were, pushed out laterally

so that they are partly visible from above, especially in ¢ ;

i nn taller ett Deo iis

Species of Curculionide from Africa. 381

the femora simple in ¢, the hind pair of ¢ very deeply

sinuate internally at the base (to accommodate the projecting

coxa), the sinuation terminating in a prominent tubercle,

and the lower surface set with scattered irregular granules ;

in both sexes the anterior pairs of tibiea armed below on the

apical half with a row of closely set spmes, the hind pair

denticulate ; in the g only, the inner apical edge of the

hind tibiz is produced at right angles into a broad laminate

process ; the tarsi narrow and elongate, with the 4th joint

paler and strongly compressed in the basal half. Venter:

in the @, the Ist ventrite with an angular laminate per-

pendicular process behind the coxa, the 5th broadly rounded

at the apex ; in the 9, the Ist ventrite with only a slight

fold in the place of the process, and the 5th elongate and

very sharply pointed at the apex.

Length 8°5-10°5 mm., breadth 3°6-4°8 mm.

NyasatanpD: 4 6 f, 3 @ 2, vil—vui. 1895 (A. Whyte) ;s

Zomba, 1 g, iv. 1900 (Cameron), 6 3 go, 4 2 2, vii. 1913

(E, Ballard), 4 6 8,3 9 2, vu. 1913 (Dr. H. 8S. Stannus).

Subfamily //yprriz.

Genus Fronroprs, nov.

Head well exserted, so that the rounded convex laterally-

placed eyes are remote from the prothorax, the forehead

being broad, but rather narrower than the width of an eye

or than the base of the rostrum. Rostrum much _ shorter

than the head and not longer than broad, the dorsal outline

sloping steeply downwards about the-middle ; the ill-defined

epistome with two discal sete, and the apical margin asym-

metrical, there being a distinct projection on the right half ;

the scrobes lateral, short, deep, subtriangular, and sloping

sharply downwards in front of the eye ; the mandibles stout,

smooth, shiny and rather prominent, each with a single

lateral seta, and with a sharp apical tooth and a smaller one

below it; the peduncle of the submentum short, broader

than long ; the mentum comparatively large, trapezoidal,

broadest at the apex, the apical margin as long as the lateral

edge and with a group of sets on each side. Antenne very

short ; the scape exceeding the middle of the eye, but not

reaching the hind margin ; the funicle with only six joints,

the first longer and much thicker than the others ; the club

elliptical, 4-jointed, and longer than the four preceding

joints. Scutellum small, triangular. HKlytra much broader

at the shoulders than the comparatively small thorax,

382 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

bearing ten complete striz, with the lateral margin excised

for the reception of the base of the metepisternum, and the

apices separately rounded, leaving the pygidium slightly

exposed. Wings functional. Legs rather short ; the front

coxve contiguous and in the middle of the prosternum, the

hind pair not reaching the elytra ; the trochanters without

bristle ; the femora moderately clavate, unarmed ; the

tibize cylindrical, without any apical mucro, the corbels of

the posterior pairs almost transversely truncate ; the tarsal

claws rather small, free, and simple. Sternwm with the

centro-sternal piece of the prosternum forming a small

separate tubercle ; the outer and posterior sides of the

mesepimeron forming a very wide obtuse angle ; the meta-

sternum at its shortest as long as a mid-coxa, with a deep

antecoxal impression, the base of the episternum only two-

fifths the length of its side. Venter with the intercoxal

process ogival and much narrower than the coxa; ventrite |

separated from 2 by a deep sinuate incision; 2 as long as

3+4; 5 about as long as 3, gently sinuate at the apex in

the 3 only; 6 (withdrawn) entirely chitinised in the ?, the

unusually short forked strut being fused with its basal

margin (text-fig. 3,6) ; in the ¢ 6 is also chitinous except

along a median membranous strip (text-fig. 2,5); in the J

all the exposed ventrites bear a continuous longitudinal

median impression.

Genotype, Mrontodes brevicornis, sp. n.

The only known species looks like a small Cepurus, Schh.,

but in the latter genus the prothorax is much larger in pro-

portion to the elytra ; the eyes are SES, transverse, not

prominent, and ‘approximated above ; the apex of the epi-

stome is not asymmetrical ; the scape barely reaches the

eye, and the funicle has seven joints, ete.

The only other genus in the subfamily that has only six

joints in the funicle is the European Limodius, Schh., but it

differs, inter alia, in its long rostrum, elongate depressed

eyes, narrow forehead, etc.

It may be noted that the asymmetry of the margin of the

epistome occurs also in Hypera.

Frontodes brevicornis, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 1.)

Colour piceous, with moderately dense grey-brown scaling

(not entirely concealing the integument), each elytron with

a very ill-defined grey transverse patch behind the middle.

Head with the forehead and the disk of the vertex

Species of Curculionids from Africa. 383

flattened, coarsely punctate throughout, and clothed with

pale scales and recumbent buff or brownish sete ; the

strongly convex eyes deepest much behind the middle,

Rostrum parallel-sided, the dorsal edges rounded, the basal

half of the dorsum clothed with scales and setze, the apical

half (comprising the epistome) bare, shiny, and coarsely

punctate. Antenne setose and without scaling ; joint 2 of

the funicle a little shorter than 1, 38 and 4 each shorter still,

4 to 6 of about equal lengths but widening outwardly,

6 being distinctly transverse. Prothorax very slightly

broader than long, the sides gently rounded, almost parallel

in the basal half, the truncate apex much narrower than the

gently arcuate base, the apical margin sloping obliquely

backwards at the sides and without postocular lobes ; the

upper surface convex, with the apex a little lower than the

base, shallowly and reticulately punctate, the intervals very

finely shagreened, and without any median furrow or carina.

Elytra broad, oblong-ovate, the shoulders rounded subrect-

angular, thence parallel-sided to beyond the middle; the

strie rather shallow, with deep separated punctures, the

intervals slightly convex and evenly raised, with irregular

rows of recumbent setee, and with a low pre-apical callus ;

the scales subtriangular, not overlapping, and a little smaller

than those on the prothorax. Legs with separated pale

scales and recumbeut sete, the tibize usually with a dark

band above the middle.

Length 5-6°5 mm., breadth 2°5-3°5 mm.

Nata: Malvern (C.N. Barker—type) ; Umkomaas Mouth,

ix. 1897 (G. da. K. M.). Porrueugese E. Arrica: Caia,

Zambesi R., ix. 1910 (Dr. H. Swale). Ucanpa: Daro

Forest, Toro, 4000-4500 ft., x. 1911 (Dr. S. A. Neave).

‘The male genitalia (text-fig. 2) are of a normal Hyperine

type. The median lobe (a) is in the form of a very strongly

arched, broad, open trough, which is abruptly narrowed at

the functional orifice ; on the lower surface near the orifice

there is a median sharp longitudinal carina ; the apex of the

lobe is shortly pointed and the lateral margin on each side

of it is broadly lobate ; the struts are almost hinged at their

junction and are a little longer than the lobe. The sac,

when uneverted, extends backwards a little beyond the ends

of the struts ; the distal half is densely set internally with

minute spicules, in front of which le four symmetrically

placed, elongate, longitudinal chitinous plates, the rest of

the sac being simple. ‘he tegmen is nearly membranous

on the dorsal half of the ring, and its strut is about as broad

384 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

as those of the median lobe, but only two-thirds the length.

Its form is closely similar to that of Ancylocnemis fasci-

culata, sp. n. (text-fig..4). The spiculum is shown (text-

Fig. 2.

Frontodes brevicornis, sp. N.

fig. 2,6) with the last (6th) ventrite folded heneath its base,

in the normal position,

Species of Curculionids: from Africa. 385

The female genitalia (text-fig. 3,@) are remarkable for the

great development and flattening of the apical palp-like

organs (cf. text-figs. 5 and 7), which is no doubt correlated

with the absence of any elongate extensile ovipositor, the

vagina not being differentiated from the bursa copulatrix,

Subfamily Ruyrrrrurwin®.

Rhytirrhinus lobaticollis, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. figs. 7, 8.)

3 ?. Black, uniformly clothed with earth-brown scaling.

Head completely concealed from above by the anterior

thoracic lobe ; the forehead excavated, with a high squamose

fringe above the eyes, the vertex with two short longitudinal

ridges formed of densely packed stout sete, and a row of

numerous similar setee between them and the lateral mar-

gin; eyes rather coarsely facetted, semi-ovate, the posterior

margin almost straight ; the gular area very finely aciculate,

and not transversely eacinlate Rostrum with a very broad

and deep median furrow, occupying almost the whole dorsal

width and bounded laterally by a ridge bearing a dense

mass of erect scales ; an almost equally broad and deep

lateral furrow above the scrobe, the latter densely squamose

throughout ; the epistome convex and without any defined

boundary. Antenne comparatively long and slender; the

scape just reaching the eye, slender in the basal two- thirds,

gradually clavate at the apex, and bearing the usual erect

setze ; the two basal joints of the funicle longer than the

rest together, joint 1 as long as the club, 2 as ‘long as 38-5

together, ; 3 elongate, 4—6 bead-like and a little longer than

broad, 7 transverse. Prothorax a little longer than broad

(9:8); the dorsum concave, with all the margins except

the base strongly raised ; the anterior portion produced into

a long broad lobe considerably exceeding the head, its apex

deeply sinuate, and its edges bearing Scam: of matted

erected scales; the lateral margins similarly produced, but

the lobes shorter and bro adly truncate, or with the posterior

clump of scales higher than the anterior one ; in the middle

of the base two short high longitudinal ridges of matted

scales, and on each side “of the disk a similar transverse,

slightly oblique ridge ; the ceutre of the anterior lobe,

which is the deepest part, set with numerous erect broadly

spatulate scales; the shallow reticulate punctation hidden

by earthy indumentum, and more readily visible on the

pleurze, on which there are two small prominent tubercles

bearing tufts of matted scales. Hlytra with four tubercular

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 26

386 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

projections at the base and jointly rounded at the apex, with

rows of prominent tubercles on the disk ; along the suture

a row of five or six very small ones, a large conical one at

the top of the declivity (uniting at its base with its fellow

on the other elytron), and two small ones on the declivity ;

the next row with six or seven tubercles, ceasing before the

declivity, the basal three small, the others large and conical ;

the third row with nine or ten tubercles, all large and

conical, especially the basal one ; the fourth with a very

large composite humeral tubercle, a medium-sized one just

behind, followed by three or four very small ones; finally,

a prominence between the humeral tubercle and the lateral

margin ; all these tubercles clothed with erect matted

scales; between the rows there are very shallow irregular

paired rows of large quadrate reticulate fovez ; the inflexed

sides with three complete rows of similar foveee and an

incomplete external row. Legs densely squamose ; the

femora with scattered larger fluted scales, and with sparse

long setee on the lower surface only ; the tibiz with long

suberect setz above and below.

Length 6-8 mm., breadth 3-4 mm.

Care Province : Cape Flats (type) ; Stellenbosch (Dr. L.

Péringuey ).

Described from four specimens.

This aberrant species may be readily distinguished from

all the previously described South African forms by the

very remarkable structure of the prothorax and the

numerous conical tubercles on the elytra.

The surface of the body appears to be capable of exuding

a glutinous substance which causes small pebbles to adhere

to it.

Subfamily Lerrrwrwiv 2.

Bagous fragosus, sp. 0.

Colour black, with dense earth-brown scaling, sometimes

with indefinite darker patches.

Head regularly convex, the forehead scarcely flattened,

and with a shallow central impression that is more or less

filled in with the scaly indumentum. Rostrum shorter thar

the prothorax, moderately curved, shallowly and reticu-

lately punctate, and without any longitudinal furrows or

impressions, the lower margin of the side forming a sharp

edge. Antenne inserted at the middle of the rostrum.

Prothorax as long as broad, very deeply constricted and

Species of Curculionide from Africa. 387

transversely impressed near the apex, the posterior portion

subquadrate, with a slight lateral projection just behind the

constriction ; the upper surface uneven, granulate, with a

very shallow broad median longitudinal impression, and

a transverse impression behind the lateral prominence on

each side; the apical margin truncate dorsally, the base

gently arcuate. Hlytra short oblong, the basal margin

joimtly sinuate, the shoulders roundly prominent, the sides

subparallel from there to beyond the middle and strongly

compressed inferiorly at the apex ; the upper surface with

fine shallow striz, the punctures in which are not visible

through the scaling; the alternate intervals slightly more

raised than the others, and in the basal third a very shallow

oblique impression running from the shoulder to stria 1,

the suture being evenly raised throughout ; on interval 3

there is a low elevation behind the middle and another just

behind it at the top of the declivity, and also a prominence

on interval 5 on the declivity. Legs densely clothed with

brown scaling ; the anterior pairs of tibiz with a stout

spine-like tooth in the middle and a much smaller tooth

midway between this and the apex, each tooth bearing a

stout seta; the hind tibiz merely angulate in the middle ;

the tarsi short and not specially slender, joint 3 not

emarginate and about as long and broad as 1, joint 2 much

shorter but scarcely narrower.

Length 2°2 mm., breadth | mm.

Ivory Coast: Dimbokro (type). FRencn Coneo: Fort

Crampel.

Described from two specimens kindly submitted to me by

M. A. Hustache.

Differing from all the previously described African species

of the genus in the spine-like tooth on the tibize. In my

notes on the African Bagous (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1906,

pp. 939-940), I inadvertently omitted any reference to

B. niloticus, Auriv. (Swedish Zool. Exp. Egypt, no. 10a,

‘p. 16, 1905), with which I am not acquainted.

Subfamily Awrzovournn.

Genus ANCYLOCNEMIS, Noy.

Head globular, well sunk in the thorax ; eyes gently

convex, not raised above the outline of the head, entirely

frontal in position, very narrowly separated and_ rather

coarsely facetted. Rostrum elongate, subcylindrical, de-

flected, and gently curved ; the apical margin truncate, with

26*

388 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

a fovea on each side containing a single minute seta;

scrobes linear, deep, passing rapidly beneath the rostrum,

but broadly separated at the hase, and not continued beyond

the antenne; mandibles tridentate; the buccal cavity

widening from base to apex ; the peduncle of the submentum

much longer than broad, about twice as long as the small

subcircular mentum. Antenne inserted well beyond the

the middle of the rostrum in both sexes; scape long,

slender, cylindrical, gradually clavate at the apex, as long as

the funicle, but not reaching the eye; funicle 7-jointed ;

club elliptical, 3-jointed, with the incisions transverse.

Prothorax broader than long, the apex much narrower than

the shallowly bisinuate base; the apical margin truncate

and without postocular lobes. Scufel/iwm small, elevated.

Elytra subtriangular, much broader at the shoulders than

the base of the prothoray, thence rapidly narrowing behind ;

the apices separately rounded, the lateral margins not

sinuate ; ten complete strie. Wings functional, Legs stout,

moderately long ; the front coxze contiguous, the mid pair

narrowly separated, the hind pair very widely so and

meeting the elytra; the femora very thick, pedunculate at

the base, the anterior pairs with a short stout tooth, the

hind pair with a very large triangular one ; the tibize much

compressed, both upper and lower margins angulate, the

apex strongly uncinate; the corbels of the hind tibiz

situated on the inner face, large, bare, narrowly enclosed,

being bounded externally by a sharp carina; the tarsi

squamose, the 38rd joint very broadly bilobate, the 2nd

longer than broad, the 4th as long as the 2nd; the claws

rather small, strongly divaricate and appendiculate at the

base. Sternum with the gular margin deeply sinuate,

the coxe situated in the middle of the prosternum, and no

centro-sternal tubercle ; the mesosternum sloping very

steeply, almost perpendicular, the central process forming

a low vertical tubercle with a bifid tuft of scales, the epi-

sternum almost an equilateral triangle, the epimeron about

one-third smaller ; the metasternum at its shortest rather

longer than the mid-coxz, the episternum rather broad and

angulate internally at the base. Abdomen with the veutrite 1

nearly as long as 2-5 together, the intercoxal process very

broadly truncate, broader than the cox; ventrite 2

separated from | by a deep bisinuate incision, but immobile

and shorter than 83+4; 5 as long as the three (3) or two

(¢) preceding ventrites, and broadly rounded at the apex

in both sexes ; ventrite 6 (withdrawn) membranous, with

two thinly chitinized transverse patches (text-fig. 4, a).

Species of Curculionidae from Africa, 389

Genitalia: in the g (text-fig. 4, 5) the median lobe is arched,

strongly chitinized above, but almost membranous beneath,

broadly spatulate beyond the orifice, the spatula with a

long backwardly-directed tooth on each side; the struts

long, slender, and rather sinuous, somewhat longer than the

median lobe ; the sac projecting far beyond the base of

Fig, 4.

Ancylocnemis fasciculata, sp. 0.

the median lobe, without any armature, but with a large

transfer-apparatus ; the tegmen slender, the ring mem-

branous on its dorsal third, the strut similar to, but a little

shorter than, the struts of the median lobe; the spiculum

strong and broad, widely forked at the base and curved like

390 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

a hockey-stick at the apex (text-fig. 4,a). In the ? the

vagina and bursa copulatrix are entirely membranous, only

the two palps being feebly chitinized (text-fig. 5, 5) ; but

the supporting strut is stout, straight, and broadly forked

at the base (text-fig. 5,a) ; ‘He receptaculum is very small,

slender, and irregular in shape (text-fig. 5,0).

Genotype, Ancylocnemis fasciculata, sp. 0.

In the systems of both Lacordaire and Leconte, this genus

is referable to the Anthonomine, but it presents no special

affinity with any of the other genera in the subfamily, being

distinguished among other things by. its closely approxi-

mated eyes, the striking ar mature of the legs, and the very

broad intercoxal process of the venter.

In its general features it more resembles some of the

broader species of the Oriental genus <Acicnemis, Fairm.,

which also exhibit the large tooth on the hind femora and

the broad ventral intercoxal process; but they differ in

having the eyes distinctly separated, a well-marked post-

foals thoracic lobe, an abbreviated 10th stria on the elytra,

simple and non-divaricate claws, ete.

Ancylocnemis fasciculata, sp.n. (PI. XIII. fig. 2.)

6 2. Ground-colour piceous, covered with dense greyish-

brown scaling, variegated with paler markings and with

numerous tufts of scales. Head and prothorax with buff

scaling, the latter with a broad median conical brown patch,

which is narrow on the front margin and rapidly widens to

the base, and with a few white scales in the middle of the

base ; scutellum with white scaling ; the elytra with grey-

brown sealing, mottled with buff and whitish scales towards

the sides and apex, with a quadrate dark brown sutural patch

just before the middle and a similar buff or whitish patch

immediately behind it, which is shortly extended along the

suture, the shoulders with a patch of overlapping buff scales ;

the lower surface with buff or light brown scaling ; the legs

either grey or buff, mottled with brown.

Head with two small scale-tufts on the vertex; the space

between the eyes about as broad as the scape at its middle.

Rostrum of 3 coarsely and confiuently punctate throughout,

with a well-marked smooth median carina almost reaching

the apex, and a sharp lateral carina from the base to the

antenne ; in the 2? rather longer and more slender, finely

and sparsely punctate in the apical half, the carine much

less distinct, the median one disappearing beyond the

antenne. Prothorax a little broader than long, parallel-

Species of Curculionides from Africa, 391

sided from the base to beyond the middle, thence abruptly

narrowed and constricted ; the base shallowly bisinuate, the

apex truncate dorsally, the longitudinal outline gently

convex ; the whole surface with coarsely reticulate punctures

(almost entirely hidden by the scaling), without any median

furrow or carina, and with eight scale-tufts: two on the

front margin, one on each edge of the brown stripe ; one on

each of the lateral angles formed by the narrowing of the

sides ; two dorsal ones in the same transverse line with

the latter pair, and placed on the lateral edges of the brown

patch ; and a smaller dorsal pair mid-way between these and

the base. Seutellum narrow, densely scaled, with the base

raised into a small bare prominence. Elytra with the

base jointly trisinuate, the: shoulders roundly prominent,

the sides gently rounded, and the apices divergent ; the

striz shallow, containing very deep separated punctures,

visible through the scaling, aud each bearing a small black

granule on each side when the scaling is removed; the

intervals almost flat, rugosely punctate beneath the scaling,

becoming granulate towards the base, with the following

scale-tufts: interval 2 with two small ones before the

middle, a large one at the middle, and another not far behind

it ; 4 with a row of five; 6 with one behind the shoulder

and another at the middle; aud 8 with one behind the

shoulder, another before the middle, and a third towards

the apex. Legs reticulately punctate and densely squamose ;

all the tibiz with a stout squamose tooth on the dorsal edge

not far from the base, both the anterior pairs angulate at the

middle on the lower edge and with a short external apical

projection, and the hind pair with a very long sharp tooth

beyond the middle on the lower edge.

Length 3°5-45 mm., breadth 2-2-4 mm.

Care Province: Willowmore, iv. 1901 (Dr. H. Brauns) ;

Uitenhage, xii. 1903 and 11. 1904 (Father J. A. O'Neil).

S. Ruopesia: Salisbury, ix. 1900 (G. A. K. M). Porrv-

eurese E. Arrica: Beira, vi. 1900 (P. A. Sheppard—type),

xi. 1900 (G. A. K. M.). Tanganyika Trerrirory: Meru,

x1. 1905 (Dr. Y. Sjéstedt).

Described from fifteen specimens.

Subfamily ALCIDIN#.

Alcides liviformis, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 11.)

g ¢. Ground-colour black, with the elytra, anterior

margin of prothorax, apex of femora, and the tarsal claws

392 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

red-brown ; the whole clothed with cream-coloured scales

of varying density and dusted with yellow powder, and with

the following ill-defined darker markings due to the scales

being narrower or more sparse, so that the ground-colour

shows through: a broad discal stripe on the prothorax,

extending outwardly as far as stria 4 of the elytra at the

base and narrowing to the apex ; on the elytra a large basal

patch extending from stria 3 to 8, and an oblique one

extending from the suture before the middle to stria 7

behind the middle.

Head with close shallow confluent punctation, the fore-

head flattened and with a central fovea. Rostrum about as

long as the prothorax in the ?, a little shorter in the @,

moderately stout, almost straight, coarsely and confluently

punctate throughout in both sexes, the basal third with

fairly dense scaling. Antenne with joint 1 of the funicle

nearly as long as the next three together, jomts 3-6 trans-

verse and subequal, 7 closely annexed to the club and as

long as its two basal joints. Prothorax a little broader than

long (5:4), parallel-sided from the base to beyond the

middle, thence narrowing with a curve and constricted at

some distance from the apex, the apical margin gently

arcuate dorsally ; the upper surface beneath the scaling dull

and shagreened, and uniformly set with small separated

rounded granules, except the apical area which is punctate ;

all the scales fringed at their tips. Scutellum slightly

elevated, trapezoidal, broadest at the apex, bare. Elytra

cylindrical, nowhere wider than tle thorax, and the sides

forming practically a continuous line with those of the

latter ; the shallow striz with deep oblong separated punc-

tures, the intervals rugulose and only a little broader than

the septa between the punctures, but the sculpture mostly

hidden beneath the scalmg; a broad shallow circum-

scutellar impression, and a deeper one at the base of striz

4 and 5 ; the scales ovate, narrowed and shortly fringed at

the tip. Legs rugose, fairly densely clothed with elongate

scales ; the femoral tooth well developed, that of the front

pair the largest and with an additional small tooth at its

base ; the front tibiz sharply angulate at the middle on the

inner edge, the posterior pairs straight internally.

Length 8°25-11 mm., breadth 3°2-4 mm.

S. Ruopesra: Salisbury, 1893 (G. dA. K. M.).

Belongs to the group of cylindrical species represented by

A, sparsus, Boh., and A. ewilis, Boh., but distinguished by

its much larger size, very different aud Lixus-like colouring,

aud its simple mid and hind tibie.

Described from twelve specimens.

Species of Curculionidee from Africa. 393

Subfamily XzpHasPrpivZ, nov.

Genus XIPHASPIS, nov.

Head exserted, strongly constricted behind the eyes,

which are large, transverse, and with their upper edge raised

above the level of the vertex. Rostrum normally deflected

at a right angle to the long axis of the body, nearly as long

as the pronotum ; the scrobes extending narrowly a short

distance in front of the antennz, but behind them broad

and passing almost immediately beneath the rostrum ;

mandibles somewhat exserted, bidentate, bare; peduncle of

the submentum forming an almost equilateral triangle, the

mentum small and extremely narrow, bare and smooth.

Antenne inserted at the middle of the rostrum in both sexes ;

the scape as long as the funicle and not nearly reaching the

eye; the club very large, longer than the funicle, solid and

subcylindrical. Prothorax transverse, strongly narrowed in

front and sloping steeply forwards, bisinuate at the base

and fitting closely to the elytra, without postocular lobes.

Scutellum very long and dagger-like, extending for more

than one-third the length of the elytra, and gradually

tapering to a sharp point; the base broadly raised and

produced narrowly on each side along the base of the elytra

as far as interval 2. EHlytra subquadrate, broader at the

shoulders than the base of the prothorax, very deeply and

jointly trisinuate at the base, separately rounded at the apex,

deeply sinuate on the lateral margins, and with only nine

strie, the 2nd aud 9th alone uniting at the apex. Wings

functional. Legs with the front coxz contiguous, the mid

pair very widely separated, slightly more so than the hind

pair, which are separated from the elytral margin by a

distance much greater than their own width ; the femora

gradually clavate, each with a sharp tooth, the hind pair not

reaching the apex of the elytra ; the tibiz rather compressed

and mucronate; the tarsi normal, moderately slender, joint 2

as long as or longer than broad, 3 rather wider, 4 nearly as

long as the rest together, the claws strongly appendiculate.

Sternum : the front coxz very close to the hind margin of

the prosternum, with no centro-sternal tubercle ; central

mesosternal piece almost vertical and very broadly truncate

behind, the side-pieces fused together, the mesepimeron

slightly ascending; the metasternum between the coxe

nearly twice as long as the mid-coxe, very deep dorso-

ventrally, the episternum consequently very broad and

394 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

completely fused with the unusually large epimeron (shaped

like an elongate isosceles triangle), which is broader trans-

versely than the hind coxa and widely separated from it.

Abdomen likewise very deep, and the venter very short

proportionately in the median line, being there only as long

s (3g) or shghtly longer than (¢ ) the metasternum ; on

the same line, ventrite 2 as long as (¢ ) or shorter than ( 9 )

3+4, and ventrite 5 shorter than 2 in @ and as long as

24+34+4 in 2 ; ventrites 2-4 gradually increasing in

length up to the elytral margin, but 5 narrowing outwardly

to a point in the ¢ (Pl. XIII. fig. 5), whereas in the ¢ it

widens rapidly till on a line with the base of tergite 8 and

thence narrows to a point at its Junction with the base of

tergite 7 ; the pygidium very broadly exposed, 2 mm. long,

formed in the 9 of the 7th tergite, which is quite perpen-

dicular and narrows to a point at its apex ; in the ¢ the

7th tergite is perpendicular, but the 8th slopes sharply

inwards beneath the abdomen, being about as long as its

basal width and broadly rounded at the apex; the dorsum

in both sexes strongly clitinized and the tergites closely

interlocked, so that the uel eu forms a rigid box, like

in Apoderus.

Genotype, Xiphaspis Fiat iSeap. Ts

The species upon which this genus is founded 1s so

aberrant and presents so little real affinity with any other

genus known to me that it seems necessary to place it in a

distinct subfamily. The broadly exposed pygidium, the

strongly appendiculate claws, the broadly truncate and

vertical mesosternal process, the mucronate tibiz, and the

form of the rostral scrobes, all approximate it to Trigono-

colus, Lae., next to which it may provisionally be placed ;

but the quite unusual development of the scutellum, the

very remarkable dpoderus-like form of the body (Pl. XIII.

fig. 5), the presence of only 9 striz on the elytra, the entirely

different structure of the antennze and tarsi, etc., abundantly

distinguish it from the Trigonocoline.

Xiphaspis longiclavis, sp. n. (PI. XIII. figs. 3-5.)

3 ¢. Ground-colour rather shiny black, the elytra and

abdomen red-brown ; the prothorax clothed with large over-

lapping oval yellowish scales, except the dorsal anterior

margin, a large median patch, and three small ill-defined

lateral spots, on which the scales are replaced by recumbent

Species of Cureulionidee from Africa. 395

vellowish setz ; the scutellum with similar dense scales

concealing its base; the elytra with a broad stripe of large

yellowish scales on interval 2 from the end of the scutellum

to the apex, and with narrow stripes of about the same

length, but of small scales on intervals 1, 4, 6, and 8 ; the

basal margin also unevenly clothed with yellow scales ;

the lower surface and pygidium densely covered with similar

large overlapping scales, except on a raised area on the

metepisterna.

Head with coarsely reticulate punctures ; forehead at its

narrowest narrower than the antennal club, strongly convex

longitudinally, a little higher than the eyes in front, but

broadly impressed on its posterior slope ; eyes oval, nearly

twice as broad as long, strongly convex. Rostrum gently

curved, parallel-sided from the base to the antenne,

markedly tapering beyond this in ?, but not or only

slightly so in g ; in lateral view, the depth distinctly

greater than the basal width, slightly dimimishing from the

base to the middle, and thence rapidly flattening to a point ;

the sides and upper surface with very coarse reticulate

punctation, which is slightly reduced at the apex in the ¢,

and gradually converted into very fine scattered punctures

in the apical third in the 2. Antenne piceous, the scape

slightly compressed, gradually clavate ; the funicle with the

two basal joints short, of equal length (seen from below),

but the Ist thicker ; the remaining joints all transverse and

approximately equal ; the club three times as long as broad,

with velvet-brown pubescence. Prothorax almost parallel-

sided for a short distance from the base, thence rapidly

narrowed and constricted close to the apex ; the apical

margin truncate dorsally and sloping obliquely backwards

at the sides; the whole surface with coarse reticulate

punctation. Seutellwm with the raised basal area separated

from the rest by a deep transverse incision, which is com-

pletely hidden by the basal patch of scaling; the bare

portion very deeply reticulate. Hlytra somewhat longer

than broad, widest at the roundly rectangular shoulders and

shallowly sinuate behind them, so that the sides of the

abdomen are narrowly visible directly from above ; the basal

margin very deeply trisinuate, being produced into a

prominent angle at the base of interval 4; the deep striz

indistinctly punctate, the intervals conyex and very rugosely

punctate, 3, 5, 7, and 9 being more raised and broader than

the others, except 2, which is as broad but flattened ; a very

shallow impression near the base on interval 4, Sternum

396 Dr. Ge A. K. Marshall on new

with strong honeycomb reticulation throughout, each fovea

covered by a large scale ; the metasternum with a median

furrow, the episterna so strongly convex in the middle that

Fig. 6.

Xiphaspis longiclavis, sp. nu.

the resulting bosses are visible on both sides at the same

time when viewed from above.

Length 5 mm., breadth 8 mm.

S. Ruopesia: 4 oo, 4 ? ¢, Salisbury, 5000 ft., xi. 1897

Species of Cureulionidee from Africa. 397

(G. A. K. M.—type). N.W. Ruopesta: 1 3, Chilanga,

1913 (R. C. Wood). Tanaanyixa Territory: | ¢, Usangu

District, 3500-1500 ft., xii. 1910 (Dr. S. A. Neave).

The single male from Tanganyika Territory has the

rostrum slightly longer and more slender than in the

southern specimens.

As might be anticipated in such an isolated form, the geni-

talia present various peculiar features. In the male (text-

fig. 6) the median lobe is a stout gouge-like structure,

convex above and concave below ; at the orifice it is strongly

and abruptly constricted to form a setose lower lip, which

is covered by a movable spatulate process arising from the

dorsal edge of the orifice; the struts are unusually broad

dorso-ventrally, plate-like, and slightly concave on the

internal face. The sac is contained entirely within the body

of the median lobe, and appears to be quite. simple and

without asperities. The tegmen is also very remarkable ;

instead of the usual vertical circular ring with a strut at

right angles to it, the ring is exceptionally large and oval,

lying almost horizontally in a position of rest, and the short

broad gouge-like strut is in the same plane with it. Another

striking feature is the complete abseuce of the spiculum.

The 6th ventrite is only lightly chitinized on its apical half,

which is deeply sinuate in the middle and entirely devoid

of sete.

The female (text-fig. 7) has the bursa copulatrix abruptly

dilated into a balloon-like sac, the duct to the receptaculum

seminis emerging before the dilatation; the minute and

scarcely chitinized apical palps are enclosed within the

closely appressed sides of the unusually long and compressed

6th ventrite which has a long strut. The 8th tergite, which

is also unusually long and narrow, is much more firmly

attached than usual to the 6th ventrite, and this structure

suggests that these two sclerites function together as an

organ of oviposition.

The absence of the spiculum in the male is such an

exceptional character that I sent a male to Dr. David Sharp

for dissection, and he has kindly confirmed the point,

adding that in his numerous dissections of male Curcu-

lionide he has noted the absence of the spiculum only in

certain genera of Calandrine, which accords with my own

much more limited observations. Dr. Sharp also remarks

that the structure of the median lobe in this species is quite

unlike anything else that he has seen,

398 Mr. G. Talbot on new

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

Fig. 1. Frontodes (g. n.) brevicornis, sp. 1.

Fig. 2. Ancyloenemis (g. n.) fasciculata, sp. n.

Fig. 3, Xiphaspis (g. n.) longiclavis, sp. n.

Fig. 4. Ditto. Antenna.

“g. 5. Ditto. Side view.

ag. G6. Iphisomus manicanus, sp. 1.

Fig. 7. Rhytirrhinus lobaticollis, sp. n.

Fig. 8. Ditto. Side view of head and thorax.

“g. 9. Enicoderus latifrons, sp.v., 3.

Fig. 10. Ditto. Side view of head and thorax.

. Aleides lixiformis, sp. n.

. Systates sexspinosus, Sp. n., o.

hone

—_—

XLITI.—New Rhopatocera from Central Ceram.

By Grorce Taxport, F.E.S.

[Plates XIV.-XIX.]

EARLY in 1919 Mr. J. J. Joicey sent three collectors to the

Kast, in the persons of Messrs. Felix, Charles, and James

Pratt. The two first-named had already had considerable

experience of tropical collecting. It was decided that they

should attempt to reach the higher slopes of the mountains

in the interior of Ceram, and, if successful, to spend a few

months making collections of Lepidoptera for the Hill

Museum.

After much difficulty the three brothers established a camp

on the Manusela Range at 6000 feet, and were able to start —

collecting in October. The first collection made during

October and November contained a few striking novelties,

and these we describe in the present paper. A much larger

collection of about 15,000 specimens is on its way to us, and

consists largely of moths.

Messrs. Pratt have recently left Ceram for Dutch New

Guinea, where the search for Lepidoptera is to be carried on

in an almost unknown territory.

The types of the forms here described are in the Hill

Museum, Witley.

Troides procus, Roths., g@. (Pl. XIV. fig. 1, 3;

PIO. fies 25"9'2)

Trotdes procus, Rothschild, Noy. Zool. xxi. p. 262 (1914) (interior of

Ceram), 2.

The male of this magnificent species is the most interesting

discovery made by Messrs. Pratt on Ceram. Although the

colour and pattern exhibits a relationship to the goliath group

Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. 399

from New Guinea, the formation of the cell of the hind wing

and the special pattern of the female seem sufficient to indi-

cate the specific distinction of this form.

The cell of the hind wing is longer and narrower than in

any other species of the group; upper discocellular longer,

and middle and lower discocellular shorter than in_ other

forms.

Upperside with general pattern of goltath group. Fore

wing with green costal area as in supremus, but less green

along upper part of cell and distally of this, Postdiscal and

median green area as in supremus, its outer edge straighter

and further from the margin, and less sharply defined. Hind

wing with black marginal border wider than in other forms ;

green markings more extended than in supremus, the veins

being more heavily marked, and the distal edge of the amber-

coloured area being wider and extended round the apex;

three postdiscal spots placed as in supremus, entirely green

and mostly touching the vein-streaks of 4, 5, and 6; a green

streak in cell along its lower edge.

Underside.— Fore wing as in supremus, but more greenish.

Hind wing as in supremus, but green marginal area twice as

broad, the veins more strongly edged with green distally,

some green scaling along costal edge, cellule 2 nearly filled

in with greenish yellow. except for a small amber spot or

the green margin than in supremus and are black edged with

ereen,

Head, thorax, and abdomen as in allied forms. ‘The scent-

gland and hair are of the same colour as in supremus.

Length of fore wing 97-103 mm.

The "8 measures 116 mm., but a specimen has been obtained

which is said to measure 120 mm. (about ae), making an

expanse of 9} inches. This is second only in size to alew-

undre, which has attained a maximum length of fore wing of

135 mm.

Described from 3 ¢ g obtained on the Manusela Range,

Central Ceram, 2500 feet, October and November.

We append some notes made by the collectors :—

“With regard to O. procus, the insect seems to be very

rare, but is most easily obtained in the open country at the

foot of Mount Moekele at 2500 feet. It is obviously not a

coast insect, but is a fairly low form corresponding to the true

goltath, titan, supremus, and samson forms in New Guinea.

This is not the case with joteey?, which is apparently only

found in the steaming valleys surrounding the higher ranges,

and we think it doubtful if it descends below 4000 feet.

O. rothschildi’s limit is probably 5000 or even 6000 perhaps.

400 Mr. G. Talbot on new

“With procus it is interesting to note that the male bears a

delicate perfume which is hard to define. It is not like any

particular flower, yet is distinctly pleasant to the human

sense. Perhaps the best way to describe it is as the scent

emanating from a hothouse of living plants. This charac-

teristic is perhaps not peculiar to procus, but we have never

noticed it before in any others. Perhaps it has been over-

looked, as the scent is only perceptible on placing the wings

to the nostrils. There is no smell noticeable in priamus and

helena.

Papilio weiskei stresemanni, Roths., 9. (Pl. XVI. fig. 3.)

Papilio weisket stresemanni, Roths, Lep. of B.O.U. & Woll. Exp. p. 4,

pl. i. fig. 15 (1915) (Central Ceram), ¢.

The female of this interesting form is a little more differ-

entiated from the male than is the female of the type form.

Upperside.—Ground-colour paler than in the male. Fore

wing with spots more greenish, the subapical costal spot

without a tinge of blue, the discal spot in cellule 3 smaller

and sometimes absent. Hind wing without any blue tint,

markings green ; submarginal spots much larger, the anterior

spot round and buff-eoloured.

Underside: not much paler thaninthe g. Fore wing with

submarginal spots buff-coloured.

Length of fore wing 38-42 mm.

Described from a series collecled in Central Ceram, Mount

Manusela, 6000 feet, October and November.

Delias joiceyi, sp.n. (Pl. XVII. figs. 6-7, 8, fig. 8, 2;

Pl, XVIII. figs. 9-12, 9.)

3. Upperside.—Fore wing grey-white, narrowly edged

with black except on inner margin. Hind wing bluish white,

fringes black, some black scaling at the anal angle.

Underside.—Fore wing black. A subapical row of five

yellow lunulate spots placed in cellules 3-7, the two near the

costa only divided by the vein and larger than the others,

A basal cell-streak of dark greenish yellow composed of short

hair, and mixed with this are some white scales which extend

a little beyond the basal streak and along the costa to within

a short distance of the subcostal. The inner margin

(cellule 1a) is white to near the outer angle, which is mar-

gined by a thin white line reaching to vein 2; there is some

white scaling in the basal half of cellule 16, and a short

white streak at extreme base of the median. Hind wing

Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. 401

with black ground-colour. A long red basal streak below

the costal, and a little beyond it a red spot forming the first

of a postdiscal band which is placed almost as in negrina,

Fabr. This band is composed of seven spots; the second

and third are curved or comma-shaped, the fourth Z-shaped

or slightly so, the fifth is placed more inward and separated

from the fourth, its upper end generally touching the end of

the cell, its lower end joined to the sixth spot which is

nearly straight, and which is slightly separated from the

seventh spot, this last spot is curved and ends in a point at

the submedian. Base of wing in preecostal area powdered

with yellow scales which extend between cell and lower

proximal end of basal streak, into the cell at base and more

thickly at its middle and upper end, and over the whole of

the inner margin to near the anal angle. This yellow

powdered area is bordered distally by a white band which is

sharply defined along its outer edge; this band extends

from vein 6 to near the submedian, fills the base of cellule 5,

to a less extent the base of 4, does not fill the end of cell, fills

the base of 2, and extends proximally a little beyond vein 2.

The outer margin is broadly bordered with yellow and is

connected with the basal yellow area by some scattered scales

at the anal angle.

The pattern of the hind wing thus described is very similar

to what is seen in negrina as regards the basal streak and the

red postdiscal band which lies in a broad curved band of

black ground-colour. ‘The fore wing too is similar, but has

much less white scaling and much smaller yellow spots to the

subapical band.

Head black, with yellow hair; palpi black, fringed with

yellow and black hair; antenne black; thorax black, with

grey hair above and yellow hair below; abdomen white, with

dorsum black on basal half.

2. Upperside.—Fore wing with black ground-colour. A

red submarginal band which extends from the subcostal to

the inner margin in most specimens, but may stop at vein 3.

It varies from pale orange in some specimens to brick-red in

the majority. ‘The three anterior spots are wedge-shaped,

their points placed proximal and their outer edges placed

transversely to the apex; spots 4-6 are less wedge-shaped

and are placed nearly parallel with the outer margin, the

sixth being nearer the margin; the seventh spot is oblong

and closer to the margin than the others, and it is sometimes

divided ; the last spot is minute and placed below the sub-

median. Most specimens show some red scales at the end of

the cell, forming one or two small spots or one discocellular

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi, 27

402 Mr. G. Talbot on new

spot. Basal half of wing at vein 2 powdered with pale

yellow scales which are mixed with short dark green hair.

Find wing black. Basal half from cell to submedian and

distally to vein 3 powdered with pale yellow; this area

covered with yellowish-green hair. Base of cellule 7 powdered

with yellow, precostal area and cellule 8 white. Inner

margin white, with some yellow sealing near the base. Two

thin and curved red lines are placed in cellules 4 and 5 in

the submarginal area; a small spot of scattered red scales

may be present in cellule 3; all this red scaling may be

absent. A few scattered yellow scales may be placed on the

margin in cellule 6.

Underside—Fore wing black, with subapical band orange-

red ; some yellow scaling along the outer margin, but variable

in extent; yellow basal scaling in the cell; inner margin

erey-white to vein La, but not reaching the end of this vein.

Hind wing as in the male, the post-discal red band generally

more heavily marked. Slight variations occur in the pattern,

but these are common to both sexes.

Head black, with yellow hair; palpi black, fringed with

yellow and black hair; antennee black; thorax greenish

yellow above, lighter yellow below ; abdomen black, powdered

with yellow, ventral suiface white mixed with yellow.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 32-38, 2 31-38 mm.

Hab. Central Ceram, Mount Manusela, 6000 feet, October

and November.

The collectors note that ‘ most of the females of this species

were taken at 6000 feet, and most of the males at 5000 feet.”

The males were more difficult to obtain than the females.

“On the wing the female is remarkably like the South

American Pereute.”’

This striking form of Delias is the first known in which

the female has a red band on the upperside. It is allied to

negrina, Fabr., from Australia, and to doherty, Roths., from

Jobi and Biak Islands.

Described from a small series of both sexes.

Delias manuselensis, sp.n. (Pl. XIX. figs. 13-17.)

3. Upperside—Fore wing white ; costa narrowly edged

with black, outer margin narrowly bordered with black from

apex to vein 3, distal ends of veins 2-7 black. Hind wing

white. .

Underside.—Fore wing white; apex and outer margin

broadly dull purplish-bronze to below vein 2, and bearing

near the margin a row of six white spots ; the anterior two

Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. 4)3

or three spots are tinged with yellow, all are rounded, the

upper three being more ovate, the lower spot much smaller

than the others; the distal margin of the dark area is invaded

by white in cellule 4; costa narrowly purplish bronze; some

grey and yellow scaling at the base. Hind wing deep

purplish-bronze ; a submarginal series of six pale yellow

spots which are rounded and slightly pointed distally, their

points sometimes touching the margin ; cellule 8 powdered

with yellow; inner margin to the submedian sparsely

powdered with yellow ; a white discal spot formed of some

loosely placed white scales along the outer edge of the lower

discocellular.

Head grey-black ; palpi black, with black and white hair ;

antennee black; thorax black, with grey hair above and

below, sides with some yellow hair; abdomen black, powdered

with white, especially at sides and on ventral surface, claspers

white.

9. Upperside.—Fore wing white with blackish-brown

apical half; costa narrowly black; base greyish to vein 2

and merging anteriorly into the outer greyish powdering of

the apical area ; apical area reaching to the submedian and

bearing a series of six submarginal white spots, the fourth

and fifth the larger, and the sixth smaller; the greyish

powdering distally cuts off a white patch outside the end of

cell, this patch being indented distally, its lower part forming

a tooth in cellule 4. Hind wing grey, formed by a thin

layer of white scales on a blackish-brown ground; this

colouring is darker distally and leaves a more or less extent

of black ground-colour in the distal area ; a narrow marginal

border of grey-white, deeply crenulate on its inner edge.

Underside —Fore wing as above, but dark apical half more

sharply defined; base powdered with grey along costa and

below the cell, base of cell powdered with yellow. Hind

wing asin the g. :

Head and appendages, thorax, and abdomen as in @.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 26-29, 2 26-31 mm.

Hab, Central Ceram, Mount Manusela, 6000 feet, October

and November.

Described from 5 @ g and7 @ 9.

This distinct species appears to be allied to momea, Bdv.,

from Java, and to nysa, Fabr., from Australia.

Delias echidna, Hew., 2. (PI. XVI. figs. 4, 5.)

The female of this rare species does not appear to have been

previously recorded. A specimen has existed for some years

yA i

404 Mr. G. Talbot on new

and bearing the locality “ Amboina.”

Upperside.—Fore wing black. An apical row of four

white spots in cellules 4-7, the two middle spots larger than

the others ; basal area extending to vein 3 powdered with

egrey-white mixed with yellow. Hind wing black. Basal

area to end of cell and between costa and a short distance

from anal angle grey-white, whiter on inner margin.

Underside.—Fore wing black. An apical row of four

yellow spots with an additional spot in base of cellule 7,

outer edge of this band tinged with white ; basal half of cell

powdered with yellow, and some grey scaling along base of

costa ; white scaling along inner margin. Hind wing as in

3, postdiscal black band broader than in g but varying in

width; black marginal border a little broader,

Length of fore wing 29-34 mm.

Described from a series obtained in Central Ceram, Mount

Manusela, 3000-6000 feet, mostly at 3000 feet, October and

November.

Delias duris, Hew.

Delias duris, Hew. Exot. Butt., 1. Pieris, no. 34, pl. v. fig. 34 (1861)

(Ceram).

This species is subject to some variation, and the so-called

seasonable forms referred to by Fruhstorfer in Seitz, Macrolep.

ix. p. 128, are merely variations. The extreme form with

the red discal area extended to join the submarginal red band

is alone worthy of the name aleria, Fruh., as an aberration.

There is no marked wet and dry season on the Mansuela

Range, where this species was obtained in some number

during the period of most rain—October and November.

Delias stresemanni, Roths.

Delias stresemanni, Roths. Noy. Zool. xxii. p. 110 (1915) (Central

Ceram).

This species is subject to much variation. We have only

one ¢ specimen, which agrees with the description of the

single g in the Tring Museum in having a “ broad cloud-

like whitish postmedian band,” and even this is indistinct,

There is in most of our specimens some yellow scaling on the

inner margin of hind wing below. On the upperside the

black margins vary slightly in width.

The ¢ exhibits most variation. We have no specimen in

which the spots on the fore wing are entirely white, and at

least the costal spot is yellow,

Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. 405

Ab. 1.—Upperside with the grey areas almost buff-colour.

Ab. 2.—Hind wing below with a cloudy narrow, white,

and curved postdiscal band touching the cell.

Ab. 3.—Hind wing as in 2 but postdiscal band yellow,

and some scattered yellow scaling in the cell; extended

yellow scaling on the median area.

Ab. 4.—Hind wing as in 3, but with sharply defined

yellowish-white band and dark basal area bearing scattered

yellow scales.

Ab. 5.—Hind wing as in 4, but with dark yellow basal

area.

The ab. 2 belongs to the typical form of g described by

Rothschild.

_ For the form in which the postdiscal band is entirely absent

we propose the name enus. ”

For abs. 3 and 4 we propose the name mediofascvata.

For ab. 5 we propose the name aszflava.

For ab. 1 we propose the name lutea.

Eribea jupiter, ab. rectifascia, ab. nov.

The series of this species collected in Central Ceram do not

differ from specimens found in New Guinea, but an interesting

aberration seems to deserve a name, as it is possible that in

Ceram this species may ultimately form a race.

3 2. The discal band of the hind wing has lost most of

the glaucous edging, so that the distal border is straight, and

there is at most a few scattered blue scales beyond it.

3 $ 3,1 2, 2500-6000 feet. .

Besides the above a series of 12 ¢ go of jupiter were

obtained by the collectors.

Erip@a PYrRHvs, Linn., and its Allied Forms.

The discovery of the jupiter form on Ceram is of great

interest as previously only pyrrhus, L., was known from there,

and is recorded by Rothschild (Nov. Zool. vol. xxii. p. 134,

1915) from Manusela at an elevation of 650 m. Ever since

the revision of the Charazes group by Rothschild and Jordan

in 1898, jupiter, Butl., has been treated asa race of pyrrhus, L.

e have now to consider these as being two distinct

species, and this view is further supported by the distribution.

We have examined the forms of the pyrrhus group in this

new light, and our conclusion is that three species are repre-

sented. It must be said that at present no examination has

been made of the genitalia, and the position of a few of the

’

406 Mr. G. Talbot on new

forms, which are absent in the Joicey Collection, has been

placed according to the description.

We are able to distinguish the three species as follows :—

sg |

EE. jupiter, Butl.—F ore wing above with black basal area and

with well-defined band. Hind wing beneath with the

outer edge of discal white band straight. Abdomen

black above in both sexes, beneath white in the g,

black or blackish brown in the 9. The fringe of hair

on inner margin of hind wing blackish brown.

EL, sempronius, Fabr.—Fore wing not black in basal’ area.

The hind wing below with the two black discal lines

farther apart, the outer one irregular, not curved so

much as in pyrrhus, and not straight as in jupiter.

Abdomen white or buff, in the ¢ brown beneath.

‘Thorax not so dark above as in the other species, and

but little darker than the abdomen. The fringe of

hair on inner margin of hind wing is white.

E. pyrrhus, Linn.—The basal area of the fore wing with

glaucous suffusion or entirely creamy- or greyish-

white. Basal area of hind wing white or grey. On

the hind wing beneath the black line along the outer

edge of the reduced white discal band is curved

inwards. Abdomen in both sexes mostly buff, dorsum

generally darker, in the 2 blackish beneath. The

fringe of hair on inner margin of hind wing is grey-

white or dusky.

The following classification of the forms of this group has

been prepared in accordance with the preceding diagnoses :—

Eribea pyrrhus pyrrhus, Linn. Amboina, Ceram,

obiensis, Roths. Obi.

—— —— gilolensis, Butl. Gilolo, Batjan.

bandanus, Roths. Banda.

buruanus, Roths. Buru.

—— ——- andrews, Butl. Christmas I.

lettianus, Roths. Letti I.

—— —— babbericus, Fruh. Babber I.

antigonus, Fruh. Dammer I.

—— jupiter jupiter, Butl. The whole of New Guinea, Bismarck I., New

Hanover, Fergusson I., Trobriand I., Vulcan I., Aru I., Ceram.

es US, Fruh. Waigeu.

& Talb, Biak,

attila, Gr.-Sm. Guadalcanar.

editha, Ribbe. Bougainville. .

admiralitatis, Roths. Admiralty I.

watubela, Roths. Kissui I.

sempronius sempronius, Fabr. Queensland, N.W. Australia, New

South Wales, Lord Howe I,

—— —— seitzt, Roths. Tenimber.

Rhopalocera from Central Ceram. 407

Eribeea sempronius galaxia, Butl. Timor.

jovis, Stgr, Sumbawa.

scipio, Roths. Sumba.

romanus, Fruh, Roma.

—. — aloranus, Roths. Alor.

kalaonicus, Roths. Kalao.

— — pyrrhulus, Fruh. Wetter.

With the exception of the typical jupiter and sempronius

the forms of this group are still rare, and some interesting

results are to be expected from an exploration of the higher

lands in the interior of the large islands.

Since this paper was prepared, another distinctly new

Delias has been received from Ceram, This will be included

in a second paper.

The illustrations accompanying this paper are excellently

produced from photographs taken by Mr. H. Campbell, who

is in charge of the photographic department of the Hill

Museum,

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate XIV.

Fig. 1. Troides procus, Roth., 3.

PLATE XV.

Fig. 2. Troides procus, Roth., 9.

PuaTE XVI.

Fig. 3. Papilia weisker stresemanni, Roth., 2.

Fig. 4. Delias echidna, Hew., 9. Underside.

tg. 5, Ditto. Upperside. 5

PuatEe XVII.

Fig. 6. Delias joiceyi, sp.n., d. Upperside.

Fig. 7. Ditto. Underside.

Fig. 8. Ditto, 9. Upperside.

PLATE XVIII.

Fig. 9. Delias joicey?, sp. u., 2. Underside.

Figs. 10-12. Ditto, 2. Showing variation,

Puate XIX.

Fig. 18. Delias manuselensis, sp, n., $. Upperside.

Fig. 14. Ditto. Underside.

tg. 15, Ditto, 2. Upperside.

Fig. 16, Ditto. Underside,

Fig. 17. Ditto, 2. Dark form.

408 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a

XLIV.—A new Siamese Nematode of the Genus Falcaustra.

By H. A. Bayuis, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Falcaustra siamensis, sp. n.

This worm, collected by Dr. Malcolm Smith from the gut

of the Siamese freshwater tortoise, Hieremys | Cyclemys]

annandalei, and kindly presented by him to the British

Museum, ‘shows a remarkable and interesting divergence

from the genotype, F. falcata (v. Linst.), as redescribed by

Lane (1915). This consists in the presence of a series of

sucker-like organs on the ventral surface of the caudal region

in the male, which will be referred to again later. In F. “fal-

cata no such organs are present, and this point has been

confirmed by a re-examination of Lane’s specimens, which

are in the British Museum.

The worms (for measurements see table, p. 414) are stoutish

in the middle, tapering considerably at each end, and the

fixed material shows constantly a slight curvature towards

the ventral side at both ends in the female and a strong

ventral coiling of the caudal end in the male. The cuticular

striation is exceedingly fine. ‘The lateral fields are con-

spicuous and attain a width of 0°35 mm. The musculature

of the body is of the meromyarian type of Schneider,

The head (fig. 1) is somewhat wider at the base than the

neck which follows it. The mouth is bounded by three

similar lips (figs. 1 and 2), which are somewhat flattened

antero-posteriorly, except for two projections on each lip, each

projection bearing a rather prominent papilla at its apex.

The long nervous “pulps of these papille show the same bifur-

cation as in the type-species, but the inner branch is not

visible in a lateral view. When, however, the lips are seen

from the anterior aspect (fig. 2), the inner branch of each pulp

(N.P. 2.) is seen to run directly from its origin to the inner

border of the lip, where it seems to end in a little secondary

papilla. The mouth-cavity is surrounded, at the level of the

widest part of the head, by a thick cuticular ring (figs. 1 and

2, C.R.), as in Ff, falcata. Vhe bases of the pulps of the

cephalic papille are seen (fig. 2) to be in close connection

with this, passing through six triangular apertures arranged

at regular intervals round the outside of the ring.

The cesophagus shows the same parts as in the genotype,

differing only in relative proportions. ‘The anterior division

new Siamese Nematode. 409

(tig. 1, Oes.7.) is slightly longer than broad, and has a

thick cuticular lining. ‘The posterior division (fig. 1, Oes. 2.),

or cesophagus proper, bears an oval swelling just in front

of the posterior bulb, the swelling and the bulb together

corresponding to the hourglass-shaped third portion of the

cesophagus described by Lane for /. falcata. There is a

Oes, |.

o-lmm

Oes.2

Faleaustra siamensis, Dorsal view of head and anterior part of

cesophageal region.

B.C., buccal cavity ; C.R., cuticular ring ; N.P. 1., outer branch of pulp

of papilla; Oes,1, Oes. 2, anterior and posterior portions of

cesophagus.

considerable dilatation of the intestine at the point where

it joins the cesophagus.

The cervical papille are very small, but prominent, nipple-

like organs, situated at about the middle of the cesophageal

region, and therefore at a considerable relative distance from

the anterior end. ‘The excretory pore, as in F, falcata, is

410 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a

situated near the posterior end of the cesophagus, and has

vesicular structures in front of and behind it.

In both sexes the tail is tapering and ends in a fine point.

The caudal end of the male has no ale. There is a series

of oblique muscle-bands on either side, extending forward for

some 2°5 mm. in front of the cloaca, and in front of this a

row of sucker-like organs on the ventral surface, at regular

intervals, with radiating muscle-bands. ‘These organs are

fusiform, with the long axis running antero-posteriorly ; they

0-/ mm.

Falcaustra samensis. The head, seen from its anterior aspect.

D.L., dorsal lip ; N.P. 2., inner branch of pulp of papilla. Other

lettering as in fig. 1,

are not provided with any chitinoid supporting structure, and

are similar to the single preanal sucker of Subulura and

certain other forms. Of three male examples available, two

possessed four of these organs, the third only three. ‘There

are ten pairs of rather large caudal papille (figs. 3, 4, 5, 7-7,

9-11) and one median double papilla (figs. 3-5, 8) just in

front of the cloacal aperture. ‘T'wo pairs of postanal papille

(numbered 3 and 4 in the figures) are laterally situated, the

new Stamese Nematode. Ais

rest more ventrally. ‘The spicules (figs. 83-5, 8.) are equal

in length. They are wide dorso-ventrally, sickle-shaped,

with a finely striated surface, and each presents much the

appearance of having a smaller tubular spicule enclosed

within it. ‘There is an accessory piece (figs. 3-5, A.P.),

granular in appearance, and with a median projection which

lies between the spicules near the cloacal opening.

Fig. 3.

O mm.

‘aleaustra siamensis, Caudal end of male, lateral view.

A.P., accessory piece; Cl., cloaca; D.£j., ejaculatory duct; Jnt., in-

testine; #., retractor muscle of spicule; S., left spicule; Sw.,

sucker-like organs; V.S., vesicula seminalis; 1-11, papille.

The female genital organs are similar in arrangement to

those of F. falcata. The vagina runs forward and dorsally

for a distance of about 2 mm. from the vulva, gradually

expanding into a thick-walled muscular chamber with a

maximum diameter of 0°45 mm. It then gives off two

opposed uteri. The anterior uterus runs forward to a point

about 3 mm. from the junction of cesophagus and intestine,

412 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a

then doubles back again, and, running back to nearly the

level of the vulva, again doubles forward. The posterior

Fig. 4.

0-23 mm.

Faicaustra siamensis, Tail of male, lateral view.

Lettering as in fig, 3,

uterus runs straight back from its origin to about 4 mm.

from the posterior end of the worm, then in a similar way

new Stamese Nematode, 413

doubles and runs forward, bending back once more at about

the level of the vulva. ‘The folds of the ovary corresponding

to the anterior uterus appear to lie entirely in front of the

vulva, forming a conspicuous loop at the anterior limit, about

1-4 mm. behind the cesophagus. The ovary corresponding to

0-3 mm.

Faleaustra stamensis. Tail of male, ventral view.

Lettering as in fig. 3.

the posterior uterus runs forward and also makes an anterior

loop at about the same level as the other, then runs straight

back to terminate in the posterior region of the body.

The ova are large, oblong-oval in shape, with a thick shell

marked externally with a fine granular pattern, They are

414 Mr. H. A. Baylis on a

apparently laid when the contents have not advanced beyond

the two-cell stage of segmentation.

Tuble of Measurements of F'. siamensis.

(All measurements in millimetres.)

3. 2.

Length » isc: sceltnitetad dieu oe aoeleyeagecess 2 169 166

TPhreleness (inaximium))). cscs e ace eter 0°8 0:8

Length of tallp wet co ect 0-9 14

9 MOUtH-CAVILY «sete creas os 01 01

5 anterior portion of cesophagus. O11 0-13

+3 prebulbar swelling.......... 0:27 03

(Esophageal bulb, length.............. 03 0:35

», transverse diameter .. 0°32 0:37

Distance from anterior end to end of

cesophagus (including bulb) ........ 2°4 2°6

Distance from anterior end to nerve-ring. 06 0°6

Ph * i cervical pa-

L1 Les. cian atuinec eee eet al ticve ; 1:32 15

Spieules, leneth.; .. wasee stems: Fare on 0:86 :

% breadth”. .cc,mnaea ct inreconsas 0:09

Accessory piece, length .........6.00. 0-21 ee

Distance from tip of tail to vulva ...... ae 6:0

ri % of caudal pa-

pullea(D)) swine es sets tee ae ah Sd 10

SIZE OL OVA) so cote winyaiers «cha wiele cnateetaie tect 0:165 x 0:1075

A generic diagnosis, based on the characters of the two

known species, may now be given :—

Fatcaustra, Lane, 1915.

Ascaroidea [? Oxyuridee]. Meromyarian. Mouth with

three equal lips, each bearing two prominent papill, the

pulp of each papilla giving off an inner branch which

probably ends in a small sensory papilla on the imner surface

of the lip. Mouth-cavity surrounded by a ring of thickened

cuticle. Csophagus divided into a short anterior and a long

posterior portion, both muscular, the latter ending in a well-

marked bulb, which is preceded by an oval swelling. Excere-

tory pore towards posterior end of cesophagus, ‘Tail in both

sexes tapering and pointed, Caudal end of male with ten

pairs of papillee and a median preanal papilla (double in

F. siamensis). Aseries of simple, fusiform, muscular, preanal

sucker-like organs may be present. Spicules equal, sickle-

shaped, each having the appearance of a spicule within a

spicule. An accessory piece present. Vulva towards poste-

rior third of body. Vagina runs forward and gives off two

opposed uteri, each of which doubles upon itself in a number

of longitudinally-disposed U-shaped loops in the anterior or

posterior region of the body respectively. Ova large, thick-

shelled, with contents only beginning to segment when laid,

new Stamese Nematode. 415

Hab. Gut of Chelonia.

Genotype: F. [Oxysoma] falcata (v. Linst., 1906), from

Geoemyda | Nicoria] trijuga.

Note on the Systematic Position of Falcaustra.

At first sight it would not seem unnatural to include the

species just described in the subfamily Subulurine of the

family Heterakide, on the ground of the presence of preanal

suckers, without chitinoid ring, in the male. But the mero-

myarian musculature, the position and character of the excre-

tory pore, the structure of the cesophagus with its two bulbous

expansions posteriorly, and the fact that suckers do not occur

in the genotype render this classification improbable.

Railliet and Henry (1916, a) are inclined to place Falcaustra

among the Oxyuride, and they have pointed out (1914, p. 674,

footnote) that a sucker occurs in certain meromyarian forma,

such as “ Oxysomatium”’ -lepturum (Rud.), from Chelone

a The presence of a preanal sucker or suckers, there-

fore, is not a certain indication of Heterakid affinities, and it

should be noted that in the present case it is clearly not even

of generic value, since one species possesses suckers, while the

other does not.

The family Oxyuride, at present, stands in need of: more

precise definition, and, if Falcaustra be assigned to this family

provisionally, it should be clearly understood that this leaves

it ina quite unstable position, and means little more than

that it is not referable to the Heterakide, as at present

defined.

The further question arises whether Falcaustra should not

be grouped with Kathlania, Lane, 1914 (=Oxysoma of

Schneider, 1866, in part), a genus occurring in turtles, and

possessing, like the Subuluring, a preanal sucker in the males,

Lane (1914) proposed this genus as the type of a subfamily

Kathlaniine, which is practically identical with the Subulu-

ringe of Travassos, 1914, of the Heterakide. Barreto (1919)

excludes Kathlania from the Subulurinee *, and points out

that its position among the Heterakidee would depend upon

the type of its subcuticular musculature, which has not been

described. An examination of the origifil specimens of the

genotype, K. kathlena, Lane, 1914, shows that the muscu-

lature is of the same type (meromyarian) as in Falcaustra.

It would seem justifiable, therefore, to remove Kath/ania, as

Barreto suggests, to the Oxyuridee, and further, in considera-

tion of the presence of a sucker and other points of resem-

* There appears to be a discrepancy on this point between the original

and the English translation of Barreto’s paper, owing to the omission of

a negative in the latter, The sense of the original is “here followed, :

416 Lord Rothschild on a new Warthog.

blance, to assign it to a position near Falcaustra, pending a

more satisfactory classification of the entire family.

It isnot impossible that one of the species of Kathlania

may be identical with Oxysoma lepturum (Rud.), referred to

above as ‘‘ Oxvysomatium.” This isa question which requires

careful further consideration, but since Railliet and Henry

(1916, &) have determined that this and the remaining species

of “Oxysomatium” cannot be included in the same genus as

the genotype, and since the name Owysoma is preoccupied, it

seems that the name Kathlania, at all events, must be

retained,

REFERENCES.

Barreto, A. L. pe B. 1919. “Sobre as especies brasileiras da sub-

familia Subulurine Travassos, 1914.” Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

(Rio de Janeiro), xi. 1, p. 10. [With English translation bound

at end of part. |

Lang, C. 1914. ‘Suckered Round-worms from India and Ceylon.”

Ind. Journ. Med. Res. ii. 2, p. 655.

—. 1915. “Faleaustra falcata, An Investigation of Oxysoma fal-

catum von Linstow, 1906.” Zé. iii. 1, p. 109. -

Raiuuiet, A., and Henry, A. 1914. ‘ Essai de Classification des

‘Heterakide.’” LX* Congrés Internat. Zool., Monaco (1918),

p. 674.

—. 1916,a. “Sur les Oxyuridés.” Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris,

xxix. p. 113.

—. 1916,b. “Nouvelles remarques sur les Oxyuridés.” Tom. cit.

p. 247.

XLV.—Preliminary Description of a new Warthog.

By Lord Roruscui1p, F.R.S., Ph.D.

Phacocherus barkeri, sp. n.

There is only the front portion of the skull preserved of this

animal, but it has such striking characters that it ought to

receive a name.

3 adult. Nasals very broad, quite flat and depressed,

whereas in the kwown species they are strongly convex.

Level of top of nasals below that of top of socket of canine

tusks, whereas in other species it is considerably above.

Canine tusks comparatively short, but enormously thick

and strongly bent forward,

Hab. 8.W. of Bahr el Ghazal.

Major Barker, who brought the specimen home, said the

animal was quite as large as Hylochwrus, but with very small

feet,

On small Mammals from North-western Rioja. 417

XLVI.—On small Mammals from the Famatina Chain,

North-western Rioja. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

DurinG@ March and April, after obtaining the collection from

Tinogasta of which a list was recently given, Sr. Budin made

an excursion to the chain of high hills known as the Sierra

Famatina, in the north-western part of Rioja. ‘The chain

runs nearly due north and south, approximately on 68° W.,

and extending from about 28° 20/ to 29° 30/8.

Sr. Budin collected mostly at a place called La Invernada,

in the northern half of the chain, about 35 km. north of the

mountain “ Nevada de Famatina,” and situated at an altitude

of about 3800 m. A few specimens (numbers above 989)

were obtained lower down and further south, at Potrerillo,

alt. 1600 m.

As has happened with several of the collections, the

Muride have proved to belong to known and more or less

widely spread forms, while the Octodontidze and Chinchillide

have peculiar local ‘specializations which involve their being

described as new. Thus the present collection contains new

forms of Abrocoma, Lagidium, and Ctenomys, all distinct

from their nearest known allies. On the other hand, no

species of Muride new to the Museum are in the collection,

the one now described as new having been represented eee

erroneously determined, for many years,

1. Phyllotis ricardulus, Thos.

&. 908, 911, 913, 924, 931, 933, 936, 937, 940, 942, 975,

977, 978, 1006, 1011; 9.915, 917, 918, 9395-949, 955;

958, 962, 965, 973, 979, 980, 989. La Invernada and

Potrerillo.

2. Graomys cachinus, All.

&. 996, 1000, 1001. All from Potrerillo.

3. Akodon glaucinus, Thos.

ge 995 2. LOVE.) Potrerillo.

4, Akodon alterus, Thos.

$. 900, 905, 910, 920, 938, 969; 985, 986, 998, 1003,

1004; 2. 903, 907, 922, 923, 925, 929, 941, 945, 954, 957,

966, 970, 971, 974, 976, 982, 983, 997, 1007, 1008, 1010.

La Invernada and Potrerillo.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 28

418 Mr, O. Thomas on

5. Akodon gosset, sp. n.

&. 916, 919, 921, 930, 934, 935, 943, 944, 947, 948, 950,

952, 959, 967, 988; 9. 909, 926,927, 968:> Ta Envernada.

A small species of a pale pinkish colour, very like a pale

Evotomys.

Size decidedly less than in the last species, the teeth in

particular very much smaller, Fur rather thin, hairs of back

8-9 mm. in length. General colour above greyish, washed

on back with cinnamon or buffy of various intensity ; the

head, nape, and sides more greyish. Under surface washed

with pale buffy, the bases of the hairs slaty. Hars greyish or

buffy, darker on the proectote, more whitish on the proximal

part of the metentote, which is darker terminally ; a whitish

or buffy patch on the side of the head behind their bases ;

these whitish marks on and behind the ears form an obvious

characteristic of the species. Hands and feet white or buffy

white. Tail about as long as the body without the head,

brown or buffy brown above, whitish or pale buffy below.

Skull of normal shape. Supraorbital edges squared.

Palatal foramina reaching to the level of the first third of m’.

Bullee fairly large.

Dimensions :—

Of the type: head and body 92 mm.; hind foot 19.

Of the largest of Sr. Budin’s specimens, measured in the

" flesh: head and body 96 ; tail 66; hind foot 19; ear 13.

Skull (type): greatest length 24 ; condylo-incisive length

22; zygomatic breadth 12°5; nasals 8°4 ; interorbital breadth

4-2; breadth of brain-case 11°7; palatilar length 10; palatal

foramina 5°2 ; upper molar series 3°8.

Hab. (of type). Puente del Inca, Andes of Mendoza.

Alt. 10,000’.

Type. Adult, but not old, female. B.M. no. 98. 3. 21. 5.

Original number 3. Col lected January 1897 by Philip

Gosse. Presented by HE. A. Fitzgerald. Three specimens

from the type-locality, two from “Las Vacas, in the same

district, alt. 2500 m. (P. O. Simons), one from “ Chili”

(Philippi), and the present series examined.

This species has long been known to me, but under the

name of andinus, Phil., for there is a young specimen of it in

the small collection, received, as I believe, from Dr. Philippi

himself, with the namie of ‘‘Alus andinus” upon it, a determina-

tion I had hitherto accepted.

But on looking up Dr. Philippi’s two descriptions and

figure of his AZ. andinus*, I find that that is evidently quite

* Arch. f, Nat. 1858, i. p. 77; An. Mus.-Nace. Chile, xiv., Zool. Mu-

rideos Chile, p. 22, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1900).

small Mammals from North-western Rioja, 419

a different animal, for it has elongated claws, a purely grey—

not rufous or buffy—colour, and is decidedly larger, the hind

foot measuring 23 mm., while in the largest of the consider-

able series of gossei now available this measurement is only

21 mm., and is generally less. Nor do light ear-patches

appear to be present.

I therefore now describe the reddish species as new, and

have particular pleasure in connecting with it the name of its

captor, now Capt. Philip Gosse, late of the R.A.M.C., to

whom in recent years we have been indebted both for a series

of the small mammals of the war-front at Armentiéres and

also for a number of interesting Poona and Nilgiri mammals,

Akodon gossei is readily distinguishable from most species

of Akodon by its warm Hvotemys-like colour and the whitish

patches on and round its ears. It is, however, somewhat

similar to the A. jucundus of Jujuy, but has markedly larger

teeth.

6. Abrocoma famatina, sp. n.

3. 951, 956, 960; 9. 972,981. La Invernada.

“ Lives under rocks and in their clefts and fissures.”—Z, B.

Rather smaller than the other species ; tail shorter than in

A, budini, longer than in eénerea. General colour ashy grey,

much as in e¢nerea, but one specimen is more drabby, about

as in the type of budini ; in any case, however, the colour-

range in the genus is very slight and of but little importance.

Under surface paler grey, the tips of the hairs white or pale

drabby ; throat darker drabby ; a well-marked whitish sternal

gland present in all the specimens, male and female. Lars

rather smaller than in other species ; flesh-coloured basally,

blackish terminally. Hands and feet white, the latter of

normal length, not specially shortened as in A. cinerea*.

Skull smaller and with shorter muzzle than in A. budini

and eznerea, the distance from the tip of the incisors to the

alveolus of p* about 13°8 mm. as compared with about 15°3

in the other two. Nasals slender, narrowed behind, but not

so markedly so as in budini. Plane of jugals almost as much

slanted as in budint. Posterior palatal foramina as in the

other Argentine species. Bulle about as in cinerea, rather

* The feet of the type of A. cinerea were measured by Sr. Budin and

published by me as 27°5 mm. in length, but this is certainly longer than

they really are. In the dry state they now measure 24°6 mm., and would

not have exceeded 25 mm. when fresh. Comment was made on the

peculiar shortness of the feet, a comment which would have been

unjustified had they measured 27 mm,

28*

420 Mr. O. Thomas on

larger than in budin?. Cheek-teeth of medium size, smaller

than in budint.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 182 mm.; tail 117; hind foot 29°5 ;

ear 23°2.

Skull: greatest length 45; condylo-incisive length 42-2;

zygomatic breadth 23°6 ; bimeatal breadth 24; nasals 16°5 ;

interorbital breadth 7°4; palatilar length 20; diastema 13 ;

length of bulla on a line parallel with the median axis of the

skull 15 ; upper tooth-series, crowns 9°3, alveoli 10. Incisors

smaller and more delicate than in budin?, about as in cinerea.

Hab. Famatina Range, Rioja. Type from [ua Invernada,

3800 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 20. 8.4.46. Original

number 960. Collected 19th March, 1920.

This Famatina Abrocoma is probably most nearly allied to

A. budini of Otro Cerro, Catamarca, but is smaller, with

shorter muzzle and shorter tail. A. c/nerea of Casabindo,

Jujuy, has a still shorter tail and shorter feet, and the muzzle

is as long as in dudini. All these Argentine species, from

the eastern slope of the Cordilleras, have the posterior palatal

foramina minute, while in the two species of the western—

Chilian—side these foramina are fused into a comparatively

large single opening.

Sr. Budin has been peculiarly successful in obtaining these

rare and interesting animals, this being the third he has

discovered out of the five species known.

7. Clenomys famosus, sp. 0.

&. 946, 992, 993, 994, 1013; 9. 914,953; 990, 959;

1002. La Invernada and Potrerillo.

Like C. coludo, but tail shorter and bullee smaller.

Size about as in coludo, or perhaps a little smaller, but

differences of age make exact size-comparison difficult.

Colour quite as in that animal. ‘Tail decidedly shorter, the

longest of the series only attaining 73 and 74 mm., while in

our eight specimens of coludo all adults have the tail over

80 mm., while the longest attain 95 and 97.

Skull very much as in coludo, but smaller. Bulle de-

cidedly smaller, though still larger than in the larger species

C. knighti of Otro Cerro. Zygomata less widely expanded

mesially. Supraorbital region with small ledges. Teeth

rather less heavy than in coludo.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 160 mm. ; tail 74 ; hind foot 31:5,

small Mammals from North-western Rioja. AZT

Skull: median length 41; condylo-incisive length 40°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 24°5 ; nasals 14°3; interorbital breadth 8:4 ;

bimeatal breadth 26°7 ; palatilar length 17°3; upper tooth-

series, crowns 8°2 ; diameter of p! 3°1.

fab, (of type). Portrerillo, at about 2600 m. Other

specimens from La Invernada, 3800 in., both in the Famatina

chain.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.8. 4.54. Original

number 229, Collected 8th April, 1920.

As is natural, this Famatina tucu-tuct is nearly allied to

the C. coludo of Tinogasta, Catamarca, just to the north,

but its tail is uniformly shorter and its bulla smaller, so that

it would seem to need a special name.

8. Lagidium famatine, sp. 0.

?. 961, 984, 987, and three separate skulls. La

Invernada.

* Shot at an altitude of 3800 to 4000 m.”—, B.

Near L. lockwoodi. Larger and less suffused with yellowish.

Size rather larger than in lockwoodi, the skull about 95 to

98 mm. in greatest length, as compared with 85 to 90 in that

species. General colour above, of unbleached fur, bluish

grey, nearest to “neutral grey” of Ridgway, without the

brownish suffusion found in Jlockwoodi. Under surface

broadly washed with buffy or ochraceous; white axillary

patches present in all three skins.

Skull larger than that of lockwood?, and differing from it in

various details, of which the following are the most tangible.

Muzzle distinctly longer, the diastema about 29 mm. in

all six skulls, as compared with 26 in five of lockwoodi.

Premaxille not so broadened, the incisors not being so thick.

Lacrymal bones broadly developed, of irregular shape, their

antero-posterior approaching their transverse diameter ; in

lockwoodi they form hardly more than a narrow fringe to the

front edge of the orbit. Posterior part of skull higher owing

to the greater height of the bullee and meatus—in /amatine

the height from the lowest point of the bulla to the highest on

the suprameatal island is about 80 mm., in lockwoodi 27 mm. ;

occipital shield differently shaped, its upright edges nearly

parallel, the nearest points at the upper corners of the mastoids

about 22 mm. from one another—in lockwoodi the shield is

narrow above, broadening below, the above measurement

about 17-18 mm. Bulle more swollen than in lockwoodt.

Incisors averaging lighter in colour, white in four of the

A992 Mr. O. Thomas on

six skulls, yellowish in the other two; in lockwoodi all ave

strong yellow. Molars not appreciably different.

Dimensions of the type:—

Head and body 390 mm.; tail 376; hind foot 109;

ear 82.

Skuil: greatest length 96; condylo-incisive length 89;

zygomatic breadth 46 ; nasals 35 x 12°5 ; upper molar series

(alveoli) 21:5.

Hab, as above.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 8.4.57. Original

number 984. Collected 30th March, 1920.

This mountain chinchilla, although very like L. leckwoodz,

differs from it by so many details that it evidently needs

description as new. In making the comparison I have had

available five examples of lockwoodi and six of famatine,

and the differences, such as they are, are perfectly uniform

throughout the series.

The three skins are all in changing pelage, the new winter

fur—grey—coming up among the old faded summer coat,

which is of a dull drab-colour. Neither winter nor summer

fur agrees in colour with that of lockwoodi, of which our

available specimens are in fresh summer coat.

9, Galea comes, Thos.

Gg. 912, 928; 9. 932,963. La Invernada.

10. Marmosa elegans pallidior, Thos.

&. 964, 991, 1005, 1012; ¢. 1009. La Invernada and

Potrerillo.

XLVII.—On Mammals from Ceram.

By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tne British Museum has received a collection of small

mammals—mostly rodents—obtained by Messrs. Charles,

Felix, and Joseph Pratt in the island of Ceram while engaged

on a zoological exploration of the Dutch East Indian Islands.

The majority of the specimens were collected at an altitude

of about 6000’ on Mount Manusela, the high mountain in the

centre of the island.

Mammals from Ceram. 423

Although a certain number of specimens from the coast-

regions of Cerain had been previously obtained, no collections

have hitherto been formed from the central mountain region,

and it is therefore not surprising that I found the present

series of remarkable interest, for no less than seven species

out of twelve are new to science, and include one—the local

bandicoot—which needs distinction as a special genus. A

second species of peculiar interest is the tree-rat—Uromys

fulgens—which appears to mimic in colour the bright shoulder-

mantle of the large fruit-bats which inhabit the island.

So far as I am aware, no notice on the mammals of Ceram

has hitherto been published, while our only previous collection

from there is a series of 108 specimens which were obtained

in 1909 by the late Mr. W. Stalker. But these were almost

all bats of widely-spread species, and having been collected at

Wabaii, on the coast, give no indication of the faunistic

peculiarity shown by the central highlands.

The present series is therefore of very great zoogeographical

interest.

1. Nyctimene cephalotes, Pall.

g. 37. Teloeti Bay.

Previously obtained in Ceram by Mr. Stalker.

2. Hipposideros diadema, Geoff.

9. 33. Teloeti Bay.

3. Rhinolophus sp.

&. 32. Teloeti Bay, S. Ceram.

4, Rattus feliceus, sp. n.

3. 5,14; 2. 9, 29,34. Mt. Manusela. 6000’.

“Trapped in thick jungle.”

A large spinous-haired species with 2—2=8 mamme and

a short, nearly naked, scaly tail.

Size large, much larger than in &. mordax, about as in

vatticolor. Fur long, profusely mixed with spines, both hairs

and spines on back about 20 mm. in length, and the latter

about 0°5 in breadth. General colour above deep rich rufous-

brown, grizzled with blackish, the hairs slaty with rieh rufous

tips; the longer bristle-hairs on the posterior back with buffy

tips. Sides clearer rufous. Under surface white, not very

sharply defined laterally, the hairs white to their bases.

Head browner and less rufous than back. Lars comparatively

424 Mr. O. Thomas on

short, blackish brown. Hands and feet very thinly haired,

flesh-coloured, the fine hairs whitish. Tail not as long as the

body without the head, almost naked, the scales very large

(about six rings to the cm.), uniformly pale brown.

Mamme 2—2=8, as in R. mordax, not 1—2=6, as in

R. leucopus *, ringens, and ratticolor.

Skull about as large as in LR. ratticolor. Zygomata well

thrown out anteriorly. Supraorbital beads well developed,

passing backwards to the middle of the parietals, but not

forming postorbital processes. Palatine foramina large and

well open, their hinder edge level with the front root of m!.

Choanal opening broad, some way behind molars. Bulle of

inedium size. Incisors somewhat opisthodont, index about

65°. Molars as usual.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 210 mm.; tail 172; hind foot 45;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest Jength 51 (in an older male 54°7) ; con-

dylo-ineisive length 48 ; zygomatic breadth 24; nasals 20°5 ;

interorbital breadth 7:2 ; breadth of brain-case 19°53; palatilar

length 25°5; palatal foramina 9°5 ; breadth of choane 4°63

upper molar series 8°5.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.7. 26.7. Original

number 29, Collected February 1920.

This rat is easily distinguishable by its much greater size,

reddish colour, and white belly from MZ. mordaw, which alone

of this group of Papuan species has its mammary formula.

The name of Mr. Felix Pratt, one of the members of the

expedition, is remembered in the name given to this fine

species.

5. Rattus manusele, sp. n.

o..1, 2,.3,15, 205,92 11519. Mi. Manuselas | 4000;

? in formalin. 6000'.

“Trapped in heavy jungle.”

A mountain representative of the widely spread R. ru-

fescens group.

* Ata time when the genus Rattus was called Mus, Alston (P. Z. 8.

1879, p. 646) rightly renamed Gray’s Acanthomys leucopus, on the ground

that, being a member of “ Mus,” the specific name was preoccupied by

the American Mus leucopus, a species of Peromyscus.

But now that the genus bears the name Ztattws—and, of course, the

Peromyscus never had that name applied to it—Gray’s name should

apparently be reinstated, and the Queensland species long known as

“ Mus terre-regine, Alst.,” be called Rattus leucopus, Gray. The female

specimen, no. 67. 5. 6. 4, may be selected as its lectotype.

Mammals from Ceram. 425

Size about as in rufescens. Fur thick, hairs of back about

15 mm. in length. General colour above rufescent brown,

the head greyer. Under surface soiled greyish white, occa-

sionally washed with yellowish, the hairs broadly slaty at

base. Ears brown. Hands and feet whitish. Tail little or

not longer than head and body, dark brown, little hairy.

Mamme 2—3=10 or 3—3=12.

Skull as compared with specimens of the same group from

Wabaii in the lowlands, collected by W. Stalker, of about

the same size, the nasals longer and more attenuated, supra-

orbital ridges lighter, and more broad outwards on the

parietals; choanal openings wider ; projection forward of

zygomatic plate less. Molars comparatively small and light.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 160 mm.; tail 165; hind foot 37;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 42; condylo-incisive length 39 ;

zygomatic breadth 20; nasals 16°6 ; interorbital breadth 6°3 ;

breadth between ridges on parietals 15°7; palatilar length 19-6;

palatal foramina 7°9; breadth of choanee 3°4 ; upper molar

series 7.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adultmale. B.M.no. 20.7. 26.18. Original num-

ber 20. Collected December 1919.

A member of the common widely spread Lattus rattus or

fiattus rufescens group. ‘Two specimens of the same group

obtained by Mr. Stalker in the lowlands of Ceram have much

shorter or coarser fur, more whitish underside, and in the

skull are distinguishable by the details above mentioned.

Apparently, therefore, the Manusela rat is a modified mountain

form which may be given a special name.

6. Rattus sp.—R. concolor group.

&o. 27. Mt. Manusela. 4600’.

S in formalin. 6000’.

‘he local member of the small widely spread Oriental and

Australasian group to which 2. concolor, browni, maorium,

exulans, and others belong. Characterized by small size and

2—2=8 mamme. Not determinable more exactly at present.

7. Stenomys ceramicus, sp. n.

3: 18,16; 9. 30. Mt. Manusela. 6000’.

“Trapped in heavy jungle.”

Smaller than S, verecundus, larger than S. niobe and klossi.

Palate unusually produced backwards.

426 Mr. O. Thomas on

General external appearance almost precisely similar to

that of S. niobe and klossi. Fur similarly soft (hairs of back

about 14-15 mm.). Colour equally dark and finely speckled,

most nearly matching “ olive-brown” of Ridgway. Under

surface scarcely lighter; the tips of the hairs dull drabby.

Ears short, blackish. Hands and feet dark brown ; feet not

so markedly slender as in the older known species. Tail

about the length of the head and body, nearly naked, dark

brown.

Skull in general shape like that of S. verecundus, with the

same smooth slender muzzle and slight supraorbital beading.

Palatal foramina small, far in front of the molars, their ante-

rior third peculiarly narrowed. Posterior palate unusually

produced backwards, almost suggesting this part in some of

the smaller fruit-bats, such as Cynopterus, the mesopterygoid

fossa broad and low, the lateral fosse very shailow, and the

entopterygoid processes very slender. Bulle larger than in

other species.

Incisors with the same flattening and suspicion of grooving

found in S. niobe, but not in S. verecundus. Molars small,

their structure as in the other species.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 135 mm.; tail 140; hind foot 30;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 38; condylo-incisive length 34°8 ;

zygomatic breadth 16°6; nasals 15 x 4°25 interorbital breadth

o°7; breadth of brain-case 15; palatilar length 19°7; palatal

foramina 6 ; postforaminal palate 11°1; breadth of choanz 3:2.

Upper molar series 6:2.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20.7.26.28. Original num-

ber 13. Collected January 1920.

This species, while superficially very like S. niobe and

klosst of New Guinea, is really widely distinct, its elongated

palate and larger bulle indicating a very essential difference.

8. Uromys fulgens, sp. n.

6. 31,35. ‘Teloeti Bay. Sea-level.

“Caught in a tree near sea-coast.”’

A long-tailed and remarkably brightly coloured ochraceous

species.

Size about as in the majority of the smaller species of the

genus. Fur fine and velvety, hairs of back about 10 mm. in

length, the few fine longer bristle-hairs about 18. General

colour above uniform bright “ ochraceous-orange,” perhaps

———

——-

Mammals from Ceram. 427

the brightest found in Muride; bristle-hairs blackish, too

few to affect the general bright colour. Under surface

sharply defined white, the hairs white to their roots. Whiskers

very abundant, blackish. Hyelids dark brown. Ears short,

a quite inconspicuous whitish patch behind their bases.

Hands whitish, metacarpals slightly browner. Feet with

buffy metatarsus and white digits. ‘ail very long, much

longer than in other species ; naked , finely scaled, pale. brown.

Skull shorter, broader and higher than in most species, but

with all the essential characters of the genus Uromys. Supra-

orbital ridges well-developed, small postorbital processes

present below the ridges at the hinder edge of the orbit.

Zygomata evenly and widely convex outwards. Palatal

foramina quite short, as usual in the genus, thus contrasting

with the other two Ceram species. Palate ending behind

further forwards than usual, aude the front edge of mi

Molars strictly as in normal Uromys.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 34;

ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 40 ; condylo-incisive length 37:5;

zygomatic breadth 22°7; nasals 13; interorbital breadth 7 ;

breadth of brain-case 16°5; height of crown from alveolus of

m? 12:7; palatilar length 17:2; palatal foramina 5°7 ; upper

molar series 7°1 (7°6 in a second specimen with less worn

teeth).

Hab. Coast of Ceram, at Teloeti Bay. Sea-level.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26. 20. Original

number 35. Collected February 1920.

This brightly coloured animal stands out in startling con-

trast to the other animals of the collection, these being ail

dull-coloured and more or less “ saturate” forms. No doubt

most of them are from the heavy jungles of Mt. Manusela,

while this is a coast animal; but [ am disposed to believe

that a second factor here comes into play. Inhabiting trees

which would no doubt be commonly filled with fruit-bats

of the genus Pteropus, whose bright yellowish mantles are of

nearly the same colour as the Uromys, it would appear very

probable that the latter really mimics the former, the rat

gaining protection by its resemblance to the fruit-bats, which

hawks generally leave severely alone. Cases of true mimicry

are exceedingly rare among mammals, so that, if this suppo-

sition be correct, Uromys fulgens is an exceptionally interesting

animal,

The unusually long tail of this species is no doubt corre-

lated with its arboreal life.

428 Mr. O. Thomas on

9. Uromys erosus, sp. n.

3. 6,22; 9. 4,26,28. Mount Manusela. 4000-6000".

A middle-sized very dark-coloured species.

Size about as in the larger ordinary members of Uromys,

exclusive of the giant species, e. g., as in bruajnit, moncktont,

&c. Furclose and fine, hairs of back about 13 mm. in length.

General colour above dark coppery brown (rather warmer

than “mummy-brown”), somewhat variable in tone, often

becoming rusty on the rump. Under surface scarcely lighter,

the hairs dark slaty for three-fourths their length. Hands

and feet brown, a few lighter hairs on the wrists. ‘Tail

shorter than head and body, naked, scaly, blackish brown.

Skull of normal shape, not specially broadened. Supra-

orbital edges sharply square, and in one case with a tendency

to overhanging ledges. Palatal foramina rather long for this

genus, nearly approaching the level of the front root of m'.

Hinder edge of palate level with the middle of m*. Molars

unusually large in proportion to the size of the animal, con-

trasting markedly with those of the other Ceram species in

this respect.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 138; hind foot 31;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 38; condylo-incisive length 35;

zy gomatic breadth lus “nasals 14:3; interorbital breadth 5°7 ;

breadth of brain-case 15'8 ; height of crown from base of m?

10°5; palatilar length 16°53; palatal foramina 6°5 ; upper

molar series 7°8.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26. 24. Original

number 26. Collected February 1920.

This species is distinguished from any of the Papuan forms

by its dark colour, longer palatal foramina, and proportionally

heavy teeth. A young specimen of it was collected on

Mt. Manusela in 1911 by Mr. E. Stresemann,. and was

presented by him to the British Museum.

10. Uromys fraterculus, sp. n.

gd. 10,23. Mt. Manusela. 6000’.

“Tn thick jungle.”

Size small. Fur long and thick, hairs of back nearly

15 mm. in length. General colour above as in the great

mass of the Papuan species, a dull rufous, greyer on the

head, richer on the rump. Under surface soiled buffy, the

Mammals from Ceram. 429

hairs slaty with buffy tips. Ears short, pale brown. Hands

and feet pale brownish with white digits. Tail proportionally

long, less completely naked than usual, its minute hairs com-

paratively evident ; irregularly mottled pale brown and white

in the type, and in the paratype white for its whole length

below.

Skull of normal proportions, in size and general build not

unlike that of U. gracilis, though the brain-case is more

swollen. Interorbital region narrow. Palatal foramina very

long for this genus, reaching practically to the level of the

front edge of m*. Hinder edge of palate level with the

middle of m?. Molars small, narrow.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 155; hind foot 26;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 33; condylo-incisive length 31;

zygomatic breadth 16°4; nasals 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 4:8 ;

breadth of brain-case 14; height from crown to alveolus of

m* 8°6 ; palatilar length 14°6; palatal foramina 6°3 ; post-

foraminal palate 6°4; breadth of choanze 2°5 ; upper molar

series 6°6.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26.26. Original

number 10. Collected January 1920.

Although looking very like some of the smaller Papuan

species, this Ceram Uromys is readily distinguishable by its

long palatal foramina and elongated tail. WU. olbiensts, the

only species found to the westward of Ceram, has wholly

white belly-hairs and a black tail; but that also has compa-

ratively long palatal foramina.

11. Phalanger orientalis, Pall.

&. 8 Mt. Manusela. 5000’.

9. 36 (young). Teloeti Bay.

Judging from accounts given to Messrs. Pratt by their

native hunters, it seems probable that a species of Dactylopsila

is also found in Ceram,

12. Rhynchomeles prattorum, gen, et sp. n.

G. 7. 21,24; 9. 12,17,18,25. Mt. Manusela. 6000.

“Trapped in heavy jungle in limestone formation,

Country very precipitous. Native name ‘ Mabaya,’”

430 On Mammals from Ceram,

RHYNCHOMELES*, gen. nov.

Fur completely non-spinous. Upper incisors 4. Teeth

very small.

Most nearly related to Echymipera and Peroryctes, agreeing

with the former in the number of incisors and with the latter

in the even more completely non-spinous character of the fur.

Ears short. Proportions of feet and strength of claws as in

Echymipera. ail neither so short as in Lehymipera nor so

long as in Peroryctes.

Skull extraordinarily Jong and slender, the muzzle espe-

cially being quite unique in this respect. Other skull-

characters about as in Echymipera.

Incisors 3, Teeth all very small and delicate, widely

spaced owing to the elongation of the muzzle ; sectorial ( p*)

more robust in build than the other teeth. Molars more

triangular, owing to the hypocone being nearly obsolete

instead of well-marked. ~Last molar especially small, its

inner lobe much reduced, so that it does not reach inwards to

the level of the inner lobes of the three anterior molariform

teeth ; in the older known genera it projects further inwards

than they do.

Genotype. Rhynchomeles prattorum, sp. n.

With the incisive formula of Hehymipera, this genus has

even more completely spineless fur than Peroryctes, while the

proportions of its claws and feet are more as in the former.

It is unique in its excessively slender muzzle and reduced

teeth, and evidently deserves a special genus of its own.

Rhynchomeles prattorum, sp. n.

Fur crisp, velvety, not spinous; hairs of back about 14mm.

in length. General colour above a uniform dark chocolate-

brown, rather otter-like, not closely matching any colour in

Ridgway ; bases of the hairs whitish brown. Under surface

practically the same or a little lighter—a strongly contrasted

white patch of very variable size on the chest. Muzzle

naked both on top and sides. Ears small, oval, brown.

Head and forearms rather lighter than back, a white patch

sometimes present on the wrist. Upper surface of hands

nearly naked, the few fine hairs whitish. Feet ‘pale brown.

Tail rather less than twice the length of head, practically

naked, blackish brown.

* As has been done in the case of Brachymeles and Anuromeles, the

word meles is here taken as an essential part of the name Perameles, not

as the Latin for badger.

On a new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 431

Skull and teeth as described above.

Dimensions of the type :— |

Head and body 320 mm.; tail 130; hind foot 65;

ear 25.

Skull: greatest length 84:5; condylo-basal length 81 ;

zygomatic breadth 27; nasals, length 37, breadth at middle 3-4,

breadth behind 5; breadth of muzzle at p' 6°5; interorbital

breadth 15:3; intertemporal breadth 14; palatal length 52;

palatine foramina 9°3 ; posterior palatine vacuities 7°5 ; front

of canine to back of m® 35, three anterior molariform teeth 10°5 ;

transverse diameter of m? 2°6.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 7. 26.34, Original

number 21. Collected February 1920.

This mountain bandicoot is a very striking and interesting

animal, widely different from any previously known form.

It is at once recognizable by its crisp but not spinous fur and

its extraordinarily long slender muzzle. I have much pleasure

in connecting with it the name of the Pratt brothers,.whose

expedition has resulted in its discovery.

XLVII.—A remarkable new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles.

By GiLpert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE exceedingly remarkable little beetle here described was

found in September 1897 by the French missionary, Father

Cardon, at Chota Nagpore, in Bengal, and has lately been

sent to me for investigation by M. René Oberthiir. It was

probably found in a termite nest, the curious termitophilous

Chetopisthes fulvus, Westw., having been taken at the saine

time. While exhibiting certain characteristics of both the

Coprinze and Aphodiinee, it is impossible to refer it to either,

and it appears inevitable to regard it as the type of a new

subfamily (to be called Aphodiocoprinz). Although its

general conformation and especially the widely separated

middle coxse appear to indicate the Coprinze, the fact that

the interval between the coxie is formed by the mesosternum

and not the metasternum, the double spurs to the hind tibia,

the corneous mandibles and strange mouth-structure exclude

it from that group. The mouth-structure, as well as the

distant middle coxe, equally excludes it from the Aphodiinee.

432 Mr. G. J. Arrow on a remarkable

APHODIOCOPRIS, gen. nov.

Corpus solidum. Pedes validi, tarsis anticis gracilibus, 4 posterio-

ribus gracilibus, valde contractis et latis. Caput latum, oculis

nullis. Antenne breves, 9-articulate, articulis 3-6 brevissimis,

clava magna, triphylla. Os a mento toto obtectum. Coxe

anticee contigue, prosterno medio obsoleto; coxe intermedize

paulo oblique, latz separate, mesosterni medio latitudine fere

ad longitudinem equali. Metasternum breve, haud antice pro-

ductum, sutura recta a mesosterno separatum. Coxe posticz

latee contigue. Femora omnia permagna. ‘Tibize omnes late,

apice recte truncate, antice extus acute bidentate, absque

caleare, posteriores + bicalcarati, intermedi longiora, postice

ante apicem minute dentate. Ungues simplices. Mandibula

glabra, cornea, apice haud acuta. Maxilla brevis, intus pectinata,

palpo gracili. Labium quadratum, absque ligula aut palpis.

A phodiocopris minutus, Sp. n.

Rufo-piceus, totus glaber, supra fuscus, opacus, corpore duplo lon-

giori quam latiori, alte convexo, medio paulo constricto, capite

lato, supra obtuse tuberculato, antice regulariter arcuato ; pro-

noto antice lato, medio fossulato, costis 5 longitudinalibus,

quarum mediana brevi antica, lateralibus utrinque retrorsum

convergentibus, instructo, parte basali medio profunde canalicu-

lato, extus oblique striato ; elytris brevibus, longitudine ad pro-

noti longitudinem squalibus, convexis, postice dilatatis, fortiter

rotundatis, costis validis 7, prima suturali medio bifida, reliquis

medio fortiter flexis, omnibus costulis transversis parum perspicuis

internexis, humeris antice productis, acutis.

Long. 1°5 mm.; lat. max. ‘75 mm.

Hab. Bengal (Chota Nagpore): Nowatoli (Cardon).

This extraordinary little insect, probably the smallest

Lamellicorn beetle hitherto discovered, seems to have no near

relationship with any other insect. It is of extremely solid

and compact build, the prothorax evidently capable of little

or no separate movement, and the remarkable legs, of which

the front pair are stout, with long and slender tarsi, the

middle pair long, but with extremely contracted tarsi, and

the hind pair short, with the tarsi still more abbreviated,

evidently indicating a very sluggish and peculiar gait.

The head is broad and has an obtuse elevation upon the

vertex. The front margin of the clypeus is evenly rounded

and fits closely against the anterior femora and the front

angles of the prothorax, the largeantennal club then occupying

a cavity formed by the hollowed-out lateral angles of head

and thorax. Eyes are completely absent and the labium is

bein diatelll

new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 433

destitute of palpi and ligula, the mentum forming a quadrate

plate covering the mouth. The terminal lobe of the maxilla

forms a comb composed of five or six long stout spines, and

the palpus is well developed and slender. The mandibles are

completely corneous, with a cutting-edge, and blunt at the

tip. The prothorax is much broader in front than at its base,

where it is closely embraced by the shoulders of the elytra,

and the latter organs are very short (about equal in length to

the pronotum), narrow at the base and broad behind the

middle. They are highly convex, but from their form are

evidently fused and immovable, the wings being lost or

useless. ‘The pronotum has a deep cavity in ‘the middle,

produced in the form of a groove to the base, a short median

longitudinal ridge in front of it and two long ones on each

side, the inner pair parallel and the outer pair diverging to

the front angles. The remaining surface is also ridged, but

more finely. ‘The elytra bear seven longitudinal ridges, in

addition to the inner and outer marginal ones, the first of the

seven produced by the division of the inner marginal costa,

the other six arising at the base, where they are longitudinal,

and strongly bent outwards about the middle. There are

feebler transverse ridges between these coste, most apparent

in the wide interstice between the first and second discoidal

coste. The legs are very stout, the femora thick and

hollowed above to receive the tibia, which are very broad

and flat, the front ones truncate at the extremity, with

two lateral teeth, the middle ones considerably longer than

the rest and having a minute tooth at the posterior edge

a little before the end. ‘The front tarsi are slender and

normal, the four posterior ones extremely short and broad,

and the two basal joints imperfectly separated. There are

two spurs to each of the four posterior tibize, but none are

visible upon the front legs. Upon the posterior legs the inner

one is short and straight and the outer one more than twice

as long (little shorter than the hind tarsus), strongly curved

and acuminate. The front and hind coxe are contiguous,

the middle ones separated by a wide interval occupied, not, as

in the Copringe, by the anterior part of the metasternum, but

by the mesosternum, which is twice the length of the meta-

sternum and divided from it by a straight suture. There are

six ventral segments visible beneath. The female has the

front tibia broader than the male and its extremity obtuse

internally, while in the latter it is sharply toothed.

The structure of the sternum is wholly anomalous and

entirely different from that found either in the Aphodiinee or

Coprine, although simulating that of the latter. In most other

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 29

434 Mr. G. J. Arrow on a peculiar

important features the insect is like the Aphodiine, especially in

the occurrence of two spurs to the hind tibia. The incapacity

for flight, the absence of eyes, and the remarkable specializa-

tion of the four posterior feet are features quite peculiar to the

genus, and no doubt all are related to myrmecophilous or

termitophilous habits. In certain respects there is a marked

resemblance to Chetopisthes, the almost equally anomalous

genus in whose company it was apparently taken by Father

Cardon. In the organs of the mouth, the atrophy of the

labium, and the spinose maxilla the likeness is striking, but

the entirely different structure of the legs and sternum seems

to prove that the similarities are due to a similar manner of

life rather than a real relationship. In Chetopisthes the eyes

are very well developed, the legs and tarsi long, the middle

coxee contiguous, and there is only a single spur to the hind

tibia, as in the Coprine. A series of specimens of Cheto-

pisthes taken by Cardon in the same locality (and probably in

the same nests) as the new form show that C. wasmanni,

Schm., is the male of C. fulvus, Westw., the peculiar hair-

fringes being characteristic of the female and the thoracic

lobes of the male.

XLIX.—A peculiar new Genus of Australian Beetles.

By Givpert J. Arrow, F.Z.8., F158.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the "British Museum.)

In forwarding, through Dr. Marshall, of the Imperial Bureau

of Entomology, a collection of insects from North Queens-~

land, Dr. Illing worth has recorded for the first time a remark-

able habit in certain species related to the great genus Ontho-

phagus. Two species were found by him attached to the fur

of wallabies, and evidently awaiting the droppings which

form the food of most of the group. Specimens were even

found within the cloaca. That this was no exceptional

occurrence is shown by the adaptive modification of the feet

in both species. In Onthophagus the last joint and the claws

are exceedingly slender, and the latter feeble and quite simple

in form; but in these wallaby-borne species this joint of the

foot forms a strong grasping apparatus, and its enlargement

makes the insects easily recognizable. Five species are

known to me which share this peculiarity, and are also

alike in their general form and in the absence of horns or

other sexual armature. All of them seem to be confined to

————————————

new Genus of Australian Beetles. 435

Northern Australia, They evidently form a natural group,

which I propose to call

MACROPOCOPRIS, gen. nov.

Corpus compactum. Caput et thorax inermes. Tarsorum omnium

articulus ultimus magnus, conicus. Ungues validi, fortiter flexi,

basi lobati. Scutellum invisibile. Cetera ut in genere Ontho-

phago.

The characteristic claw-structure is very peculiar. The

claw-joint is enlarged and conical, with its broad end distal

and its lower edge produced in the form of a strong blunt

spine between the claws. ‘The clawis very long and doubled

upon itself so that the basal part forms a strong lobe, sepa-

rated only by a narrow space from the reflexed terminal

part. A leaf-like scale sharply pointed at the end flanks each

claw externally. There is only a single pair of long terminal

sete at the upper edge of the claw-joint, and the pulvillus,

usually represented by a pair of sete at the base of the claws

beneath, is absent. This arrangement evidently enables the

beetle to cling to the hair of the wallaby, which would be

impossible for Onthophagus, with its quite simple and gently

curved claws.

In his synopsis of the Australian species of Onthophagus

(Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, xxvii. 1903, p. 265), Black-

burn has included two species of Macropocopris in his

Group IV., in which the pronotum is “ pseudo-margined”’

(viz., king’, Har., and parvus, Blackb.), and three in

Group VI., in which it is without a basal margin (¢nermis,

Macl., muticus, Macl., and submuticus, Blackb.), while 0. car-

modensis, Blackb., subsequently described, falls into his

Group V. I believe his O. muticus and submuticus to be

really identical with O. kingt and parvus respectively, and

inermis, Macl., to be the female of the latter. ‘I'he supposed

difference in the prothoracic margin isillusory. The pseudo-

margin is present in all, but is invisible when the pronotum

and elytra are in close contact, being overlapped by the base

of the elytra.

Blackburn has remarked, in his revision of the Australian

Onthophagi just referred to, that he knew of no external

feature by which the sexes could be determined positively in

all cases. D’Orbigny, who devoted many years to the study

of the same vast genus, made the same confession. But a

careful examination of the shape of the last ventral segment

will enable this to be done without difficulty. In the female

this segment is of nearly equal breadth throughout, whilst in

436 On a new Genus of Australian Beetles.

the male it is always considerably narrowed in the middle.

This applies equally to the species of the new genus. ‘The

type of O. carmodensis, Blackb., a species the sex of which

Blackburn was unable to decide, is a female, but the male is

practically identical with it, except for a rather stronger

curvature of the front tibia. The more dilated prothorax, by

which he has distinguished O. submuticus from tnermis,

Macl., is also a peculiarity of the male.

The known species of the new genus may be tabulated as

follows :—

A. Clypeus rounded or lightly emarginate.

B. Upper surface very smooth.

C. Metasternum strongly punctured............ parvus, Blackburn.

c. Metasternum unpunctured.

TD. Shiontscpere cxetoteveeatetater cavern crelenieiere earn serekore kingt, Har.

Ge long ates ctr <in titans ais palate tee Ses prehensilis, sp. .

6. Upper surface strongly punctured .......... symbioticus, sp. Nn.

a. Clypeusibidentate® sion zui. oaks maison: sae ts carmodensis, Blackh.

Macropocopris prehensilts, sp. n.

Niger, subopacus, tarsis rufis clavaque antennali flava ; elongato-

ovalis, convexus, capite absque carina, clypeo transverse rugoso,

margine rotundato, fronte levissime punctato; pronoto fere levi,

antice et lateraliter subtilissime punctato, haud lato, lateribus

arcuatis, haud angulatis aut sinuatis, angulis anticis haud acutis,

basi supra haud marginato, medio obtuse angulato; elytris sub-

tiliter striatis, striis haud punctatis, interstitiis vix perspicue

punctulatis; pygidio subtiliter punctato ; corpore subtus levi,

subnitido, metasterno impunctato.

Long. 10°5 mm.; lat. max. 6°0 mm.

Hab. N. Queensland: Kuranda (Nov.—G. £. Bryant).

A single male specimen was found.

M. prehensilis is a large species, slightly larger than any

other known, and distinctly more elongate. It is quite black

but not shining above and very smooth above and beneath,

almost without hair, except upon the legs, with the meta-

sternum quite devoid of punctures. The head is without

carina (in the male), the clypeus strongly rounded in front

and transversely wrinkled above, the forehead very lightly

punctured and the eyes fairly large and very smooth. ‘The

pronotum is very convex, scarcely perceptibly punctured,

with the sides strongly rounded but not angulated, the front

angles rather blunt and the hind angles indicated. The

elytra are also very convex, very finely and lightly striated,

with scarcely perceptible puncturation in the intervals.

The pygidium is exceedingly feebly and sparsely punctured.

On a new Genus of Clavicorn Beetles. 437

The tarsi are fairly slender, and the claws scarcely enlarged

but of the characteristic form.

Macropocopris symbioticus, sp. n.

/Eneo-niger, pedibus rufis antennisque flavis ; parvus, breviter

ovatus, nitidus, corpore supra toto fortiter punctato, extus breviter

setoso, capite ubique fere equaliter punctato, clypeo medio leviter

emarginato, a fronte carina recta valde elevata separato, fronte

carina levi instructo, oculis fortiter granulatis; pronoto fortiter

sat crebre punctato, lateraliter parce setoso, margine basali supra

haud visibili; elytris profunde striatis, striis fortiter punctatis,

interstitiis minutius irregulariter punctatis, lateraliter parce

setosis; pygidio fortiter punctato; tibia antica calcare arcuato,

postica calcare recto, apice bifido, armatis.

Long. 4-5 mm. ; lat. max. 3 mm.

Hab. N. Queensland: Cairns (July).

About fifty specimens, all taken upon wallabies, have been

sent by Dr. Hlingworth.

This species differs from all the previously described forms

by its smaller size, the much stronger puncturation of its

upper surface, the fine setee at the sides of the pronotum and

elytra, distinctly emarginate but not notched clypeus, the

slight posterior carina in addition to the strong anterior one,

coarsely granulated eyes, and the bifid spur to the hind tibia.

It is black with a metallic tinge above, the legs and clypeus

red (and generally also the front margin of the pronotum),

and the antenne yellow. In some specimens an irregular

red spot is visible near the posterior margin of the elytra, and

occasionally one appears upon the shoulder also, ‘The two

sexes are practically identical in external characters, but the

male has the spur of the front tibia more strongly bent than

the female.

L.—A new Genus of Clavicorn Beetles.

By Grpert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE curious little insect here described has been sent to me

for identification by Professor R. Thaxter, of Harvard Uni-

versity, as the carrier of a parasitic fungus, Dimeromyces

ametrothecalis, Thaxter. ‘Che two specimens, which are all

438 Mr. G. J. Arrow on a

at present known of the genus, were found in West Africa,

and from its form and aftinities there is no doubt that the

insect lives under the bark of trees and preys upon other

insects. It is very distinct generically from any other insect

hitherto known, although it has evident affinities with several

distinct types of Cucujidee. In the shape of the head, the

very small size of the eyes, and especially in the reduction of

the first tarsal joint, it shows the closest approach to Cucujus,

the impressed lines on the head and thorax are like those so

characteristic of Lemophlawus, and the abbreviated elytra as

obviously indicate relationship with Znopeplus. The differ-

ences from all three genera are still more striking, however,

than the resemblances. The structure of the tarsi is very

different from that found in Apytho and Pseudino.

CuCcUJINUS, gen. nov.

Corpus deplanatum, oblongum. Caput magnum, postice latissimum,

postice et lateraliter stria submarginali profundeincisum. Oculi

minuti, prominentes. Clypeus brevis, leviter emarginatus.

Labrum exsertum, semicirculare. Mandibule prominentes, extus

leviter arcuate, apice obtuse bifide. Antenne moniliformes,

articulis primo et ultimo modice elongatis. Pronotum breve,

latum, linea sublaterali, postice paulo abbreviata, incisa. Elytra

abdomen haud tegentia, postice paulo attenuata. Prosternum

latum, haud productum. Coxe 4 anteriores late distante.

Femora omnia lata, ‘Tarsi 4 anteriores 4-articulati, postici

3-articulati.

Cucujinus micromma, sp. Nn.

Testaceus, elytrorum dimidio postico vageinfuscato ; valde depressus,

nitidus, ubique minute inequaliter punctulatus, capite post oculos

latissimo, pronoto valde transverso, angulis anticis paulo emar-

ginatis, posticis toto obsoletis; elytris quam capitem et pro-

thoracem paulo longioribus, sed abdominem haud tegentibus,

partim subtilissime striatis, postice paulo attenuatis.

Long. (mandibulis exclusis) 4-5°5 mm,; lat. max. 2 mm.

Flab. W. Africa: Cameroon.

The rather indefinite dark posterior patch is probably due

in part to the transparency of the elytra revealing the wings

beneath, and may not be a constant feature. ‘he two speci-

mens described are males, and it may be expected that in the

female the head and prothorax will prove to be of less exag-

gerated size and the hind tarsi four-jointed.

It is an extremely flat-bodied insect, oblong and loosely

new Genus of Clavicorn Beetles. 439

jointed, with stout-legs and prominent mandibles, the head

very large and forming (in the male) the widest part of the

body. The eyes are very small, prominent and hemi-

spherical, and placed at the sides of the head, which is dilated

behind them, so that their position is oblique. There is a

straight incised line at the back of the head, continued forward

on each side as far as the base of the antenna. The antennz

are more than half the length of the body, and consist of

eleven loosely-articulated joints, all a little elongate, but

especially the first and last. They are attached midway

Cucijinus micromma, sp. n.

between the eye and the base of the mandible. ‘The man-

dibles are large and prominent, rounded externally and

bluntly bifid at the tip, with two or three blunt internal teeth.

The clypeus is broad and slightly emarginate in front, the

labrum semicircular and closely fringed at the edge. The

terminal joints of all the palpi are fusiform and elongate.

The pronotum is nearly three times as wide as it is long and

slightly wider than the widest part of the elytra. The front

and hind margins are nearly straight, the sides strongly and

regularly curved, completely obliterating the hind angles.

The front angles are rather minutely excised. There is a

440 Bibliographical Netice.

slightly sinuous lateral stria on each side, extending from the

front margin to near the base. The scutellum is broad,

rounded and not angulated behind. The elytra are nearly half

as long again as their width in combination, feebly dilated at

the sides from the shoulder to the middle, and thence narrowed

to the extremities, which are separately rounded. The last

segment of the abdomen and parts of the two preceding ones

are exposed dorsally. The sternal sutures are straight, the

coxe of the front and middle Jegs small, globular and widely

separated, and the hind coxée transverse but rather far apart.

The femora are very thick, the hindmost pair in particular

being very broad in the middle. The tibize are short and

each bears two terminal spurs beneath, very short and incon-

spicuous except the upper one of the front tibia, which is

rather long and stout. There are in reality five joints to

each of the four anterior tarsi and four to the hind ones, but

the basal joint is so extremely short as to be invisible from

above. All the joints are simple and the second, or apparent

basal joint, is short and scarcely longer than the succeeding

one.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE,

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene. Supplement, Vol. I. By

Sir Grorce Hampson, Bart. Pp. xxiii & 619, pls. xlu.—lxxi.

London: printed by Order of the Trustees of the British

Museum. 1920.

Turs Volume forms a Supplement to Vol. III. of the ‘ Lepidoptera

Phalene,’ issued in 1901, and its publication has been much

delayed by the European War. The two families dealt with are

the Lithosiade (Arctianee) and the Phalznoidide (=Agaristide .

olim). 382 genera and 1295 species are added, making the totals

for these groups 232 and 2365 respectively, the supplement to the

Arctiane alone adding 1215 species to the original 845, showing

the great amount. of work that has been done since 1901; no new

forms, however, are described in the present volume. This is the

last of the series to be published during the author’s term of office

at the Museum. he having retired therefrom on March 20th last.

But we believe the text of three more volumes was finished before

he left, and these may eventually be published by the Trustees of

that institution when sufficient funds are available for the purpose.

The supplementary Vol. I., issued in 1914-15, was briefly noticed

in this Magazine, (8) xix. p. 291 (March 1917). The MSS. of

present volume, it should be stated, was completed early in 1915,

and no references to German or Austrian publications which have :

appeared since August 1914 are given, few of which could have

been received in time to be included.

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Rorascuiny, FBS; Pace eo oe OE rai a Sy MR gat 416

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western Rioja. By Otprrenp THomas ......... weet eee eee |

XLVII. On Mammals from Ceram. By Oxprtip Taoitas. tae 422 |

XLVI. A remarkable new Genus of isa Beetles, i: oe a

Gitpert J. Arrow, F.Z.8., F.ES. ..... Sate otek Leer neu sri 31

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L. A new Genus of i Been By Grune 2 Annow, Dene

FISSE MEG ET i ieee Gey Gera ee

ae A

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE,

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene. Supplement, Vol. Te By

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LI.—On the Oriental Members of the Coleopterous Group

Macrodactylides (Melolonthide). By Girsert J. Arrow,

F Z.8., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In his classification of the Melolonthide (‘Genera des

Coléoptéres,’ vol. iii.) Lacordaire noted as a remarkable fact

that an Indian insect, Dejeania alsiosia, Bl., was the sole

known non-American representative of the great Sub-tribe

Macrodactylides. In the Ann. & Mag. for 1907 (ser. 7,

vol. xix. p. 436), I announced that Dichelomorpha ochracea,

placed by Burmeister in the Hoplides, was really congeneric

with Dejeania, and that the latter name having been pre-

occupied must be replaced by Dichelomorpha. I also referred

to this genus a species (D. marginata, Nonfr.) wrongly

described as a Hoplia. The number of described species

allied to these is now fairly considerable, but they have been

generally misplaced, so that the utmost confusion still

prevails amongst them.

Dichelomorpha ochracea, described by Burmeister in 1855,

was again described by Boheman in 1858 as a species of

Dichelus (chinensis, Boh.), and in 1900 Fairmaire transferred

it under that name to yet another genus, which he named

Smmochelus, adding two more species, which also belong to

Dichelomorpha. In 1881 Sharp described a species from

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 30

biped

1920

442 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members

Sumatra (D. crassa, Sharp) and placed it in another Hop-

lune genus, Dichelhoplia, and Fairmaire in 1898 followed him

by adding a species from Tonkin to that genus (D. fusco-

picta). Dalla Torre’s recent Catalogue of the Melolonthine,

while naturally omitting these errant forms, has collected

nine in all under the name Dichelomorpha, but two of these

(the “ Plectris”” punctuligera and glabrilinea of Walker) have

certainly no connection with it. I have referred to these

in my paper on the “Melolonthine Beetles of Ceylon”

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xviii. 1916, p. 430).

But this does not exhaust the errors of which these insects

have been the victims, for a genus, Diphycerus, formed by

Fairmaire for two species from China and placed by him in

still another section of the Melolonthine, proves upon

examination to be closely related to Dichelomorpha. Of

this genus I have here described three additional species and

a third Oriental genus is also characterized.

The genus Dichelomorpha will certainly prove to comprise

very numerous forms. A few of those contained in the

British Museum are here nanied and described. It is

possible that others than those I have mentioned may

have been wrongly ascribed to other genera, but I have

appended a list of all at present known to me. These

insects have in common a number of peculiar features,

chief of which are the mobile but symmetrical claws,

those of the front feet generally differing a little from the

rest, and the remarkable interlocking of the pronotum and

scutellum, the base of the former being notched on each

side, sometimes deeply and sometimes only minutely, to

receive the anterior angles of the scutellum, which is some-

times also notched in the middle to receive a median process

of the pronotum. Diphycerus differs from Dichelomorpha in

having this interlocking mechanism much more strongly

developed, as well as in its very sharp and slender claws,

which are cleft upon the front feet alone.

A marked characteristic of the group is the great dis-

parity between the sexes. The females have sometimes

little resemblance to the males and are generally less

numerous. In the male the legs are generally very stout,

the abdomen short and hollowed beneath, with the ventral

segments free and the pygidium rather long and narrow.

In the female the legs are comparatively slight and feeble,

the abdomen is large, rotund and rigid, and the pygidium

short and broad. In some species of Dichelomorpha the 5th

ventral segment is enormously enlarged in the female and

of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 443

the pygidium proportionally reduced, so that the ventral

orifice becomes actually dorsal in position.

Although so generally confused with the Hoplides these

insects are quite distinct. They are closely related to the

South American genus Ceraspis, which also exhibits most of

their characteristic features. They are distinguished from

tle Hoplides by the possession of six exposed ventral seg-

ments, symmetrical claws, and the normal complement of

tibial spurs—that is, one upon each front tibia and two upon

each of the others.

The Oriental species of the group known to me are :—

DicHELOMORPHA, Burm.

Syn. Dejeania, Blanch., Sirochelus, Pairm.

alsiosia, Blanch. (Dejeania). India.

araned, sp. 1. Borneo.

ASSUMENSIS, SP. D. Assam.

borneensis, Brenske (Dejeania). Borneo.

brenskez, Noufr. (Dejeania). Siam,

cinctipennis, Fairm. (Sinochelus). Tonkin.

crassa, Sharp (Dichelhoplia). Sumatra.

delauncyt, Fleut. ( Dejeania). Annan,

felina, sp. 0. Annam.

Suscopicta, Fairm. (Dichelhoplia). Tonkin.

limbata, Fairm. (Sinochelus), ly. China.

lineata, Arrow (Dejeania). Burma.

marginata, Nonty, (Hoplia). Burma.

multicolor, sp. n. tndo-China.

nigra, Brenske (Dejeania), Borneo.

nitidicollis, sp. 1. Indo-China.

ochracea, Burm. (Dichelomorph«). S. China.

chinensis, Boh. (Dichelus).

palhda, sp. n. Malay Peninsula.

pulchella, sp. n. Tonkin,

rufipennis, sp. 0. ‘Tenasserim.

uniforms, sp. D. Indo-China.

Dipuycerus, Fairm.

alcedo, sp. 0. Sikkim.

davidis, Fairm. ii. China.

jucundus, sp. N. Tibet.

reitteri, Sem. . China.

tonkinensis, sp. D. Tonkin.

XENOCERASPIS, gen. nov.

dispar, sp. 0. Sikkim.

30*

444 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members

Dichelomorpha assamensis, sp. n.

Fusco-brunnea, opaca, supra ubique coriaceo-rugosa, setis brunneis

et griseis dense vestita, capite, pronoto partim, scutello, elytro-

rumque sutura et lineis tribus longitudinalibus setis pallidis

ornatis; modice elongata, capite brevi, clypeo lato, margine

arcuato, reflexo, pronoto longitudine parum latiori, lateribus

medio angulatis, antice et postice fere rectis, valde contractis ;

elytris 4-costatis, lateribus pone humeros leviter dilatatis, deinde

paulo contractis, apicibus haud penicillatis ; pygidio corporeque

subtus ubique dense et equaliter griseo-pubescentibus ; tibia

antica fortiter bidentata ; antennis tarsisque sat gracilibus, ungui-

bus minute fissis :

3, brunnea, elytris griseo-lineatis :

Long. 11-14 mm.; lat. max. 5-7 mm.

Assam: Silhet, Chandkhira.

There are six males in the British Museum, and the

Brussels Museum contains a single female. It is the largest

species of the genus known to me.

The upper gurtace is very densely clothed with velvety

pubescence, but a small patch near the base of the pronotum

on each side may be partly or entirely denuded. In the

male the brown pubescence predominates and there is a

pattern of yellowish-grey setee, which form five small patches

at the base of the pronotum and clothe the scutellum, the

elytral suture, and the three discoidal coste upon each

elytron. In the female the grey sete predominate, covering

the pronotum (except for two or three partially denuded

areas on each side), the scutellum, and the elytra, with the

exception of four dark stripes on each.

The abdomen of the male is strongly arched, the pygidium

narrow, and the claws are very minutely cleft. In the

female the abdomen is moderately convex, the pygidium

broad, the legs are very short, and the claws are less deeply

cleft. he antennze are rather long and slender in both

SEXES.

D. assamensis resembles D. alsiosia, Bi., but is darker in

colour and has much more conspicuous markings. The

clypeus is deeply excavated, but less deeply than in

D. alsiosia, the pronotum is more convex, its sides less

sharply angulated i in the middle, straight and not sinuated

from the angle to the base, and the hind angle very obtuse.

of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 445

Dichelomorpha multicolor, sp. vn.

3S. Brunnea, supra densissime squamosa, subtus cum pedibus sat

dense et longe flavo-pubescens ; elongata, convexa, opaca, capite

brevi, dense flavo-setoso, margine fortiter reflexo, arcuato;

pronoto distincte transverso, densissime punctato et minute

brunneo-setuloso, antice et lateraliter setis luteis, postice medio

setis albidis majoribus ornato, lateribus fortiter arcuatis, angulis

anticis fere obsoletis, posticis obtusis; scutello dense albido-

squamoso ; elytris dense brunneo-squamosis, marginis suturalis

dimidio posteriori maculaque irregulari mediana albo-squamosis,

lineis 2 vel 3 externalibus, basi, medio et apice confusis, pallide

fulvis ornatis, sutura ante extremitatem utrinque fulvo-peni-

cillata, lateribus paulo ante medium dilatatis; pygidio dense

pallide flavo-setoso ; tibia antica valde bidentata, antennis tarsis-

que gracilibus, unguibus minute fissis.

Long. 12 mm.; lat. max. 6 mm.

Inpo-Cuina: Upper Mekong R., Vieng Vai (R. Vitalis

de Salvaza, May).

I have seen only a single male. It is evidently allied to

and not unlike D). delaunayi, Fleut., but the elytral pattern

is more complicated, consisting of elongate scales or setze of

three ditferent colours, brown, yellow, and white, in addition

to which those clothing the head and the front and side

margins of the pronotum are of a much richer yellow hue

and the disc of the pronotum, except a small triangular

white mark in front of the scutellum, is nearly black. The

scutellum is white, as well as the posterior half of the elytral

suture, dilating at the anterior end into an irregular trans-

verse median patch. ‘The general surface of the elytra is

chocolate-browu, but the front and hind margins are buff-

coloured and are connected upon the outer half by longi-

tudinal streaks of the same colour, which become confused

in the middle. Just before the end of the elytral suture

there is a rather long tuft of golden hairs. The pygidium

is clothed with rather close-lying buff-coloured sete and the

legs and lower surface bear long coarse hairs of the same

colour.

Dichelomorpha pulchella, sp. n.

3. Brunnea, supra densissime squamosa, subtus cum pedibus

ubique sat longe pubescens, capite prothoracisque marginibus

(basi excepto) flavis, hujus disco fere nigro, macula basali grisea,

scutello griseo, elytris brunneis, basi fasciaque postmediana per

suturam continuata et cum basi internexa griseis; elongata,

446 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the’ Oriental Members

convexa, opaca, capite rngoso, margine rotundato, leviter reflexo ;

pronoto Uensissime punctato sed haud dense setoso, pilis longis

interspersis instructo, lateribus antice et postice valde contractis,

vix arcuatis ; elytrorum lateribus ante medium leviter dilatatis,

sutura ante apicem longe flavo-penicillata; pygidio coriaceo-

punctato, modice dense fulvo-setoso, pilis longis erectis inter-

spersis, apice subnudo; tibia antica valde bidentata; antennis

tarsisque gracilibus, unguibus minute fissis.

Long. 8°5-9°5 mm.; lat. max, 4:55 mm.

Tonkin: Dap Kan (R. Vitalis de Salvaza, April).

T have seen only male specimens.

Chocolate-brown, the head clothed with orange-coloured

setee, the pronotum nearly black, bordered in front and at

the sides with similar orange setz, the elytra decorated with

irregular grey basal and median patches united by a narrow

longitudinal stripe on each side and also extending along

the suture. The scutellam and a small patch just in front

of it are of the same shade.

This species has a very close resemblance to D. multicolor,

but is rather smaller, the scales of the upper surface are of

less contrasted colours, and the lateral and hind margins

of the elytra are dark. The clypeus is rather longer and

more rugose, and its front margin is less strongly refiexed.

The pronotum is more strongly contracted behind, and its

dise hears fairly numerous long erect hairs set at nearly

equal distances amongst the minute sete. The elytra are

less strongly dilated near the middle of the lateral margins,

The pygidium is less finely and closely clothed and is rather

longer, narrower, and more vertical.

Dichelomorpha felina, sp. n.

Brunnea, supra densissime squamosa, subtus cum _ pedibus

ubique sat longe pubescens, capite prothoracisque marginibus et

linea mediana (hac basi grisea) flavidis, disco utrinque nigro,

scutello elytrorumque linea suturali postica, secunda a basi fere

ad marginem tertiaque a medio ad apicem pertinentibus, duabus

basalibus brevibus aliaque mediana brevi, griseis; elongata,

cylindrica, opaca, capite antice rotundato, reflexo, pronoto dense

setoso, pilis brevibus erectis interspersis instructo, lateribus ante

medium rotundato-arcuatis, antice et postice valde contractis,

fere rectis; elytris lateraliter vix dilatatis, ante apicem flavo-

penicillatis; pygidio angusto, dense griseo-squamoso; tibia

antica fortiter bidentata, tarsis antennisque gracilibus, unguibus

minutissime fissis.

Long. 7°5 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm.

a ee

TTA

of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 447

Annam: Keng Trap (R. Vitalis de Salvaza, May).

Of this also I have seen only the male, a single-specimen.

It is a species closely related to D. multicolor and pulchella,

especially the latter. It is smaller, narrower, and more

cylindrical in shape, and the pronotum is without the long

erect hairs occurring in D. pulchella. The coloration and

pattern are similar, but the pronotum, in addition to the

yellow border, has a median line of grey setee by which the

black dise is divided into two patches, and the pale scales

of the elytra form irregular longitudinal stripes, the first

extending from the middle of the suture to the apex, the

second from the base to beyond the middle of the elytron,

and the third from the middle to near the extremity. There

are two other very short longitudinal bars at the base, of

which the outermost reappears just before the middle. The

pygidium (in this sex) is narrow and densely clothed with

grey scales. .

Dichelomorpha nitidicollis, sp. nu.

g. Rufa, capite pronotoque nigris, capite, pronoti lateribus,

- scutello elytrisque sat dense flayo-setosis; sat angusta, capite

crebre punctato, margine rotundato, reflexo ; pronoto nitido, sat

crebre, antice et lateraliter creberrime, punctato, disco pilis

griseis erectis sat parce vestito, lateribus antice fortiter arcuatis,

postice fere rectis, valde contractis; elytris lateraliter leviter

arcuatis, ante apices longe sat late fulvo-penicillatis ; pygidio

sat dense fulvo-setoso, corpore subtus pedibusque longe fulvo-

hirsutis ; antennis tarsisque gracilibus, tibia antica sat fortiter

bidentata, unguibus minutissime fissis.

Long. 8 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm.

Urrer Mexone R.: Houei Sai (R. Vitalis de Salvaza,

May). .

Only a single male specimen is known. It is reddish

brown, with the head and pronotum black, and clothed with

rather long yellow hair beneath and with minute yellow setz

above, except-upon the dise of the pronotum, which 1s

shining black and bears only a thin clothing of erect short

hairs amongst which longer hairs are scattered. The lateral

margins bear close-set orange set, and there is a minute

grey tuft at the middle of the base. The scutellum and

elytra are fairly closely covered with buff-coloured sete,

which are sparser on the anterior part of the elytra and

much less conspicuous at the sides. There is a rather broad

ante-apical fringe of long yellow hairs crossing the suture,

448 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members

and a few scattered erect hairs extend forward from this in

a line parallel with the outer margin. The pygidium is

moderately closely covered with close-lying elongate setze

of the same colour.

Dichelomorpha rufipennis, sp. u.

Castaneo-rufa, capite pronotoque disco infuscatis, capite, pronoti

lateribus, elytrorum maculis vagis basali et laterali pygidioque

setis fulvis minutis, pronoti macula parva basali, scutello,

elytrorum sutura postice et macula mediana transversa setis

pallidioribus sat dense vestitis, corpore subtus sat dense fulyo-

vestito; modice elongata, parum convexa, capite et pronoto

densissime punctulatis, clypeo brevi, margine arcuato, fortiter

reflexo, pronoto quam longitudine paulo latiori, lateribus fortiter

arcuatis, angulis omnibus obtusis; elytris sat longis, modice

nitidis, ante medium dilatatis, ad suturam postice sat longe

fulvo-penicillatis, angulis apicalibus paulo rotundatis ; antennis

tarsisque gracilibus, unguibus minute fissis.

Long. 10-11 mm.; lat. max. 6 mm.

TrnasseriM Mrs., Siam Border (K. G. Gairdner).

Two male specimens are all that I have seen of this.

It is a rather large species, and its chestnut-red elytra

are in well-marked contrast to the black pronotum, of

which the front and side margins are also reddish. The

scales with which the upper surface is decorated are of two

shades cf yellow, pale upon the inner part and deep orange

upon the outer. The pronotum is almost circular in its out-

line and relatively longer than in the four species just

described, and the elytra are not long in proportion, their

sides being distinctly dilated near the middle. Dejeania

brenskei, Noufr., so far as can be judged from the description,

resembles J). rufipennis, but the twice-stated dimensions

indicate an insect much larger than any species of the genus

at present known to me. Nonfried’s statement that the

claws of D. brensket are entire is most probably incorrect.

Dichelomor pha uniformis, sp. n.

Obscura, supra fusco-brunneo- vel olivaceo-brunneo-squamosa, pro-

noto griseo-circumdato, corpore subtus pedibusque griseo-hirsutis ;

parum elongata, capite brevi, clypeo nudo, nitido, grosse punctato,

margine truncato, reflexo; pronoto transverso, convexo, lateribus

arcuatis, haud angulatis, angulis anticis et posticis obtusis ;

elytris ante medium leyiter dilatatis, postice setis nonnullis

erectis parce instructis, haud penicillatis ; tibia antica bidentata,

unguibus omnibus sat profunde fissis :

of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 449

3, latior, pygidio densissime fulvyo-squamoso, angusto, verticali,

pedibus crassis, tarsis intermediis abbreyiatis, posticis elongatis,

~ antennis modice elongatis :

2, pygidio brevi, minus dense griseo-setoso.

Long. 6-6°5 mm.; lat. max. 3°5 mm.

Inpo-Cuina, Laos: Luang Prabang, Xieng Khouang

(Rk. Vitalis de Salvaza, April and 1 May).

Although very different in appearance, owing to the dark

colour of the scales with which the upper surface is clothed,

this species is nearly related to D. ochracea, Burm., and of

similar size and shape. It is of a very short and compact

form, especially in the male, the upper surface clothed with

very densely packed dark setw, paler at the extreme edge of

the pronotum and with a few longer outstanding setz placed

in rows upon the posterior part of the elytra, the lower

surface clothed with decumbent whitish hairs.

The male and female as usual differ considerably. The

pygidium is densely clothed with yellow scales in the male

and has less closely packed grey sete in the female. In the

male the legs are very stoutly formed (although the front

tibia is rather less massive than in that sex of D. multicolor

and pulchella), the middle tarsi are short and thick and the

hind tarsi long and slender. The club of the antenna is of

moderate length only.

Dichelomorpha pallida, sp. n.

Rufa, corpore supra squamis pallide flavis, subtus pedibusque setis

eriseis dense vestita, pronoti linea mediana, scutello singulique

elytri parte mediana pallidioribus, humeris minus dense vestitis,

rufis ; parum elongata, convexa, capite fusco-rufo, rugoso, erecte

setoso ; pronoto medio dilatato, lateribus antice et postice fortiter

contractis, fere rectis, angulis omnibus obtusis; elytris ante

medium leviter dilatatis, postice haud penicillatis :

3, pedibus validis, tibiis anticis acuminatis, haud dentatis, tarsis

intermediis brevissimis, crassis, posticis elongatis ; pygidio elon-

gato, verticali, dense fulvo-squamoso ; antennis modice elongatis :

Q@, pedibus minus crassis, tibia antica extus minute dentata ;

pygidio lato, minus dense flavo-setoso.

Long. 9-10 mm. ; lat. max. 4-5 mm.

Matay Peninsuta: Penang (Lamb).

Allied to D. ochracea, but larger and a little more elongate

in shape. The body is densely clothed above with bright

yellow scales, which are of a paler tint upon the median line

of the pronotum, the scutellum, and the median part of each

450 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members

elytron. The legs and lower surface are clothed with rather

thick ereyish-yellow pubescence, through which the reddish

colour of the integument is visible. At the shoulders of the

elytra the scales “change to narrow setz, which also leave

exposed the red underlying surface.

In the male the legs are extremely massive, the front tibia

is without the usual strong lateral tooth but tapers to a

point at the extremity, the middle tarsi are extremely short

and the hind tarsi moderately long, but less slender than in

D. ochracea. The abdomen is very strongly contracted

in this sex, the pygidium long, vertical, and densely clothed

with yellow scales.

In the female the front tibia has a very smal] and incon-

spicuous lateral tooth, all the tarsi are moderately slender,

and the pygidium is broad and clothed with grey sete.

Dichelomorpha aranea, sp. 0.

Brunnea, squamis brunneis et griseis dense vestita, clypeo, pronoti

margine angusto, vitta mediana antice abbreviata, scutello,

elytrorum sutura postice lineisque utrinque duabus longitudina-

libus pygidioque griseo-squamosis, pronoto et elytris sat parce

setis erectis nonnullis brevibus albis instructis, corpore subtus

pedibusque dense griseo-hirsutis ; parum elongata, clypeo antice

rotundato, reflexo, pronoto lato, lateribus medio dilatatis, antice

et postice fere rectis, valde contractis; elytris post humeros

dilatatis, deinde angustatis, postice haud penicillatis; tibius

anticis valde bidentatis :

3, pedibus robustis, anticorum unguibus fissis, clava antennali

modice elongata :

2, pedibus minus robustis, tarsis sat gracilibus, unguibus omnibus

fissis, segmento ventrali quinto permagno, pyg sidio parvo.

Long. 5- 6-5 mm. ; lat. max. 3-3°5 mm.

N. Borneo, Sarawak: Puak (G. H. Bryant, April, May).

This evidently resembles the very imsufiiciently described

D. borneensis, Brenske, but it is smaller, and the pale border

of the pronotum is not confined, as in that species, to the

front and lateral margins. As in D. borneensis, the pro-

notum and elytra bear pale scattered scales standing out

from the rest, those upon the elytra bemg arranged in

longitudinal rows. The upper surface is closely clothed with

brown scales, replaced by white scales at the margins of the

pronotum and an incomplete median line, as well as upon

the scutellum and three longitudinal lines upon each elytron,

the first bordering the eae and abbreviated anteriorly.

lial tel

EE —————— SS.

of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 451

The white lateral border of the pronotum is a little dilated

at the hind angle, and the median line is also dilated at the

base and is sometimes not produced far beyond it.

This is a much more elongate species than D. ochracea,

uniformis, and pallida. The prothorax is rather large

relatively and strongly contracted both in front and behind,

producing a narrow-waisted form,

The above description applies only to the male. In this

sex the front claws alone are cleft, but in female specimens,

which I believe to belong to the species, all the claws

are cleft, in addition to which there are no pale markings

upon the upper surface, the 5th veutral segment is greatly

enlarged, and the pygidium much reduced.

Diphycerus tonkinensis, sp. n.

Niger, elytris interdum castaneis ; ovatus, compactus, capite crebre

granuloso, erecte griseo-piloso, clypeo breviter semicirculari ;

pronoto convexo, dense varivloso, basi levi lineaque basali

mediana elevata, pilis longis erectis sparsuto setisque flavidis

prope latera et angulos posticos vestito, antice angustato, angulis

anticis fere acutis. posticis rectis, lateribus post medium angu-

latis ; scutello antice nitido, utrinque dense flavido-squamoso,

squamis elongatis, convergentibus ; elytris profunde sat crebre

punctatis, squamis elongatis nonnullis albidis vestitis ; pygidio

magno, setis albidis adpressis equaliter haud dense vestito ;

corpore subtus, propygidio pedibusque setis longioribus et den-

sioribus similiter vestitis :

d, minor, ‘pedibus antennisque longissimis, prothorace antice

attenuato, abdomine toto tecto:

2, major, magis ovata, antennis pedibusque modice gracilibus,

abdomine postice haud tecto.

6. Long. 5°5 mm.; lat. max. 3 mm.

2. Long. 7-8 mm.; lat. max. 4 mm.

Tonkin: Chapa (R. Vitalis de® Salvaza, May, June) ;

Laos: Pak Lay (R. V. de Salvaza, Nov.).

This is very similar to the typical species, Diphycerus

davidis, Fairm., of Hastern China, the pronotum of which is

less densely punctured. It appears to resemble still more

the second Chinese species, D. reitiert, Sem., of which only

the female has been described. In that sex of the new

species the tuft of scales upon the scutellum is yellow,

instead of white, and the scales are erect and not decumbent.

The two sexes differ considerably, as in all these insects.

The male is much smaller than the female, with the pro-

thorax attenuated in front, the abdomen and elytra much

452 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Oriental Members

shorter, the legs and antennz very long and slender, and the

club of the latter as long as the footstalk. The pygidium is

inclined inwards and the abdomen greatly contracted and

completely covered by the elytra. In addition, the elytra of

three females collected by M. Vitalis are of a deep red

colour, whilst those of the males are black.

Diphycerus alcedo, sp. n.

3. Niger, elytris cyaneis, nitentibus ; parvus, brevis, totus griseo-

hirtus ; capite rugoso, clypeo parum brevi, antice truncato, labro

porrecto ; pronoto convexo, antice valde attenuato, quam longi-

tudinem vix latiori, densissime varioloso, erecte nigro-piloso,

lateribus setis albidis adpressis ornatis, basi nitido, medio pro-

funde bi-inciso, angulis omnibus acutis; scutello antice nitido,

impresso, utrinque “setis flavidis convergentibus ornato ; elytris

brevissimis, conjunctim subrotundis, post humeros valde dilatatis,

ubique setis minutis decumbentibus pilisque erectis longis

nigris vestitis ; pygidio modice, corpore subtus, propygidio pedi-

busque densius albovestitis, pedibus antennisyue longissimis.

Long. 5 mm.; lat. max. 3 mm.

Sixkim: Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Peshoke (April, May).

This little insect, of which I know the male only, is remark-

able for the extreme abbreviation of its hind- -body, the elytra,

which cover the much-contracted abdomen, being conjointly

as broad as they are long. The pronotum, on the other hand,

is narrow and attenuated in front, and the clypeus is longer

than in the other known species. Instead of being rounded

in front this is truncate, and the labrum is extruded and

placed almost in the same plane. The maxille are furnished

with long and prominent tufts of hair.

The peculiarity of the mouth-structure renders it probable

that a new genus may ultimately have to be made for this

species, but it is desirakle to await the discovery of the

female in view of the great disparity between the sexes of

these insects.

Diphycerus jucundus, sp. n.

g. Aineo-niger, elytris fulvis, basi et sutura obscuris; oblongus,

parum convexus, ubique griseo-hirsutus, corpore supra pilis

longioribus fuscis intenwinetis instructo; capite dense, clypeo

grossius granulato, hoc late transverso, truncato; pr onoto quam

Jongitudinem paulo latiori, modice convexo, antice angustato,

coriaceo, basi vittaque mediana antice evanescenti leevigatis, baseos

medio profunde biinciso, angulis omnibus fere rectis; scutello

of the Coleopterous Group Macrodactylides. 453

cordiformi, levi, antice bilobato, medio leviter impresso, lateribus

albido-setosis ; elytris inzqualiter haud profunde aut crebre

punctatis, setis brevibus albidis vage aggregatis prope suturam

ornatis pilisque longis obscuris sat parce interspersis; pygidio

subnitido, longe hirsuto ; corpore subtus pedibusque ubique sat

dense albido-pubescentibus.

Long. 5-6 mm.; lat. max. 2°5-3 mm.

Tiset: Siao-lou. .

Of this species also I have seen only males. There is little

superficial resemblance to the other species of the genus.

It is a more oblong and less convex insect, clothed both

above and beneath with long erect hair. There is a slight

metallic green lustre, except upon the head (which is densely’

rugose and opaque, with the clypeus straight in front and

very short) and the bright yellow outer part of the elytra.

The scutellum is smooth and bears only an external fringe

of white sete, and the elytra are decorated in the sutural

region with vaguely-indicated clusters of similar but not

erect sete. The pronotum and elytra are less strongly

sculptured than in the preceding species, and the elytra are

less dilated behind the shoulders and only slightly narrowed

behind. The pygidium is clothed with very long hairs.

The antennze, as usual in the male, are very slender and the

legs are moderately long.

XENOCERASPIS, gen. nov.

Corpus elongatum, antice angustatum, parum convexum, haud

squamosum. Clypeus brevis. Oculi parvi. Prothorax angustus,

antice paulo attenuatus, basi utrinqueexciso et angulatim producto,

Scutellum latum, postice haud acuminatum. Elytra paulo de-

planata, postice separatim rotundata. Abdomen postice haud

tectum. Antenne graciles, 10-articulate, Pedes robusti; tarsi

longi, unguibus validis, zequalibus, pedis antici fissis, reliquis

integris. Tibia antica bidentata. Cox postice extus pro-

minentes. Abdomen subtus 6-articulatum.

3. Pedes robustiores, tarsis intermediis valde contractis et incras-

satis, femoribus posticis majoribus, tibiisque intus late angulatim

productis, calcaribus nullis.

Although closely related in all essentials to Dichelomorpha

this genus is very different in its general aspect. It is not

clothed with scales, but with rather coarse hairs and sete.

The interlocking mechanism of the pronotum and scutellum

is much more developed than in Dichelomorpha, the base of

the pronotum being furnished with two angular projections

454 On. the Oriental Members of Macrodactylides.

fitting into deep notches formed between the scutellum and

elytra. Between the two projections is a rounded lobe,

and the excisions between this and the former are not sharp

but rounded. The prothorax is much narrower than the

elytra, but is relatively broad behind and narrow in front.

Both front and hind angles are sharp, especially in the male.

The scutellum is broad, almost transverse, extremely blunt

behind, The elytra are rather flat, with a prominence at

‘the shoulder but dilated behind it, separately rounded

at the extremity and not. covering the abdomen behind.

The latter is not long, and consists of six visible segments

ventrally. The front cox are very prominent vertically,

*the hind coxz produced and prominent laterally, the front

tibiz have two not very acute teeth and all the tarsi are

long, except the middle ones in the male. The claws are

long, stout, and symmetrical, not blunted at the tips, those

of the front feet cleft and the rest entire. The antennze

are slender in both sexes, joints 2 and 7 stout and all the

rest elongate.

In the male the legs are much stouter than in the female,

the front tibia is narrower and the teeth much closer

together, the middle tarsus is very strongly contracted, its

2nd, 3rd, and 4th joints saucer-shaped, but each angularly

produced externally, the hind coxa is broader and more

exposed laterally, the hind femur thickened and a little

arched, the hind tibia produced into a broad angular plate .

internally and without terminal spurs. The abdomen is not

arched, the pygidium is broad and the propygidium not

exposed.

In the female the abdomen is very convex beneath, the

propygidium and pygidium are exposed and the latter is

very oblique.

Xenoceraspis dispar, sp. n.

Rufo-castaneus, corpore subtus nigro, pedibus rufis, genubus infus-

catis ; capite crebre rugoso-punctato, clypeo brevi, lato, margine

reflexo, fere recto, pronoti lateribus post medium angulatis,

antice fere rectis, valde contractis, postice sinuatis ; scutello levi,

nitido, utrinque minutissime punctulato, flavo-setoso; elytris

alutaceis,flavo-setosis :

S$, pronoto dense punctato-rugoso, minute pallide setoso, basi

medio albo-penicillato, lateribus post medium fortiter angulatis,

antice valde contractis, angulis posticis productis; elytris sat

nitidis, parce et minute pallido-setosis; pygidio levi, nitido,

detecto :

i a RD

On a new Genus and Species of Cicadide. 455

@, pronoto paulo breviori, angulis minus acutis, dorso densissime

fulvo-hirto, pilis longioribus obscuris sparsis; elytris ubique

setis griseis haud minutis vestitis ; propygidio et pygidio similiter

vestitis, detectis.

Long. 8°5-10 mm.; lat. max. 45-5 mm.

Sikkim: Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley (4. Stevens).

The two sexes of this interesting insect are remarkably

dissimilar. The male is only very thinly clothed with pale

sete on its upper surface, but with a conspicuous tuft on

each side of the scutellum and one in the middle of the base

of the pronotum. ‘The elytra are gently expanded at the

sides, the pygidium is smooth and shining and not covered

by the elytra.

In the female the pronotum is very densely clothed with

a uniform erect golden-yellow pubescence, with a narrow

median line of a paler yellow and very long erect dark hairs

ull distributed amongst the rest. The elytra are mode-

rately closely clothed with rather coarse decumbent yellow

iiaiee. with similar long dark hairs scattered thinly amongst

them, and the pygidium and propygidium are similarly

clothed and both exposed. The pronotum is less narrowed

in front, with its front, hind, and lateral angles less sharp

than in the male.

LI1.—Description of a new Genus and Species of Cicadidee

from Cuba. By W. L. Distant

A SPECIMEN of this interesting genus and species was recently

sent to me by Mr, Ashton of Sydney among other Cicadidze

from Australia and various neotropical localities for identifica-

tion. The latter he had received from Herr Rolle, a well-

known dealer in Berlin, and I have placed the type in the

collection of the British Museum.

JUANARIA, gen, nov.

Body robust, somewhat short; abdomen in male about as

long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform

elevation ; head broad, including eyes narrower than base of

mesonotum, ocelli considerably farther apart from eyes than

from each other, face somewhat strongly convex, a little

prothinent above; pronotum with the lateral margins

ampliated, medially angulate, anterior femora spined beneath

near apices; abdomen short and broad, above centraily

longitudinally arched; tympanal coverings imperfect, inwardly

456 Mr. W. L. Distant on

exposing orifices ; opercula in male short and broad ; rostrum

reaching the posterior coxe ; tegmina and wings more or less

opaque, “the first with the basal cell a little longer than broad,

the costal membrane only moderately dilated or arched, apical

areas eight in number,

This genus has a very considerable resemblance in general

appearance to the genera Platypleura and Yanga, but sepa-

rated at once by the imperfect tympanal coverings which

considerably expose the tympanal orifices, and thus ‘locates it

in the subfamily Geanine. I have placed ib near the genus

Odopaa.

Juanaria minica, sp. n.

¢. Head and pronotum dull virescent mottled with brown,

. the lateral and posterior marginal areas of the pronotum, the

posterior central area of the mesonotum, and its cruciform

elevation more distinctly virescent ; eyes and ocelli shining

brownish ochraceous ; abdomen above dull dark castaneous,

the tympanal coverings a little paler in hue; body beneath

and legs pale ochraceous and more or less greyishly pilose,

the legs, rostrum, and disk of abdomen beneath not or scarcely

pilose, tegmina greyishly opaque with darker mottlings, and

the basal cell, the bases of the two lower ulnar areas, and the

claval area pale transparent; wings pale bronzy brown, the

extreme base and claval area paler and more transparent.

Long, excl. tegm., 6,36; exp. tegm. 106; breadth be-

tween pronotal angles 18 mm.

Hab. Cuba, Cuantanamo.

LUI.—Rihynchota from New Caledonia.

By W. L. Disrant.

{Continued from p. 164.]

Parr i

HOMOPTERA.

Fam. Cicadide.

Subfam. Trercrviv az.

Genus ABRICcTA, Stal.

Abricta flavoannulata, sp. n.

g. Head, pronotum, and scutellum castaneous brown ;

margins and a central longitudinal fascia to pronotum ochra-

ceous, the anterior margin narrow, the posterior margin

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 457

inwardly black, the central fascia dilated at base; abdomen

above castaneous brown, the basal segment ochraceous,

remaining segments with their basal marginal areas black ;

sternum castaneous brown, its lateral segmental areas more or

less ochraceous ; legs castaneous, apices of intermediate and

posterior femora ochraceous, intermediate and posterior tibize

ochraceous, their bases and apices narrowly castaneous ;

opercula castaneous margined with ochraceous ; abdomen

beneath very pale castaneous, the lateral margins and apex

castaneous brown; tegmina liyaline, the venation, two con-

tiguous spots at apices of the two upper ulnar area to tegmina

and the costal membrane to same, and margins of claval area

to posterior wings fuscous brown ;' ocelli shining red; eyes

black, their anterior areas dull ochraceous ; lateral margins of

the pronotuim shining black, distinctly but somewhat bluntly

toothed near base; rostrum reaching the posterior coxee ;

opercula in g short and broad, not meeting centrally, and

apically rounded, but only just passing the anterior margin of

the basal abdominal segment ; tympanal coverings absent.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 35-36, 9 29; exp. tegm., ¢, 95-

102 mm.

Hab. Plaine des Lacs.

Allied to the Australian species A. curvicosta, Germ.

Genus UraAna, Dist.

Veana lifuana.

Veana lifuana, Monty. (Cicada) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, (4) i. p. 70 (1861),

Hab. Noumea, Mt. Mou.

Ueana harmonia.

Veana harmunia, Kirk. Trans. Ent, Soc. 1905, p. 329, t. xvii, fio% I:

UVeana polymnia, Kirk. loc. cit. t. xvii. tig. 2.

Hab. Mt. Mou, Mt. Koghi. |

Ueana montaguei, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale greenish ; narrow

anterior margin of head, antenne and a small spot above their

insertion, eyes, marginal lines defining a central longitudinal

fascia to pronotum, and the margins of two obconical spots at

base of mesonotum and a few sublateral spots to same dark

purplish brown ; abdomen above ochraceous, the posterior

‘segmental margins and the whole of the apical segment

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. al

458 Mr. W. L. Distant on

castaneous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs pale greenish,

two central longitudinal fascia to face and outer margins of

same, apex of rostrum, broad apices to anterior tibiae and

tarsi, longitudinal streaks to femora and the tarsi black or

fuscous; abdomen beneath ochraceous; tegmina and wings

hyaline, costal area to tegmina ochraceous, venation to both

tevmina and wings fuscous; face centrally longitudinally

suleate and transversely striate ; anterior femora incrassated

and strongly spined beneath; rostrum about reaching the

posterior coxe.

Long., excl. tegm., 16 ; exp. tegm. 42-47 mm.

Hab. Mt. Mou.

Allied to U. rosacea, Dist., but a much smaller species,

different markings of the face, &c.

Ueana rosacea.

Ueana rosacea, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ix. p. 322 (1892).

? Cicada artensis, Montr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 70 (1861).

Hab. Near Dumbea.

Ucana maculata.

UVeana maculata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 385 (1906).

Hab. Mt. Koghie.

Genus Kanaxta, Dist.

Kanakia typica.

- Kanakia typica, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) x. p. 62 (1892),

No exact locality.

Genus ABROMA, Stal.

Abroma pumila, Dist.

Tibicen pumilus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) x. p. 65 (1892).

Hab. Near Noumea.

Genus MELAMPSALTA, Koleuat.

Melampsalta germaini.

Melampsalta germaini, Dist, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 38

(1908). i ‘ oe

Hab. TViare.

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 459

Melampsalta quadricincta.

Melampsalta quadricincta, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom. i. p. 191 (1850).

Hab. Plaine des Lacs, Kuakué.

Also recorded from Australia and New Zealand.

Melampsalta latorea.

Melampsalta latorea, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom, i. p. 183 (1850).

Hab. Plaine des Lacs.

Widely distributed in Australia.

Melampsalta depicta, sp. n.

Head black, a marginal spot above the insertion of the

antennae and a basal spot between the ocelli ochraceous ; pro-

noium and mesonotum ochraceous, the first with two large

contiguous spots on each lateral area and a small angulated

spot between them near base, mesonotum with two fused spots

on anterior margin continued as a subcruciform spot towards

base, and a longer sublateral spot on each side black; abdo-

meu black, the segmeutal margins ochraceous ; body beneath

black ; lateral margins of face, lateral areas of sternum, the

opercula, and broad lateral margins to abdomen beneath

Juteous or ochraceous ; legs luteous, anterior femora beneath

black and armed with three strong spines; opercula not quite

meeting inwardly and not reaching the base of abdomen,

their apices rounded; rostram just passing the intermediate

coxe ; tegmina and wings hyaline, costal membrane to the

first ochraceous, the postcostal area black.

Long., excl. tegm., 17; exp. tegm. 55 mm.

Hab, Plaine des Lacs, Mt. Koghi, Mt. Mou.

Melampsalta dumbeana, sp. n.

@. Head black, with a green basal spot behind the ocelli;

pronotum green, with two small transverse spots at middle of

anterior margin, aud the whole of the lateral areas enclosing

two green spots at base black ; mesonotum green, with a

broad elongate spot on each lateral area, and a large central

spot—broadest anteriorly and attenuated to base, where it is

dilated on each side—black ; all these black spots more or

Jess margined with ochraceous; abdomen above black, the

posterior segmental margins green; body beneath black, the

lateral margins ochraceous ; legs more or less castaneous,

a1*

4 60 Mr. W. L. Distant on

apices of the femora luteous, bases of the intermediate and

posterior tibie virescent ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the

venation and costal mlabienie dark castaneous ; anterior

femora thickened and with three black spines beneath.

Rostrum passing the intermediate coxee.

Long., excl tegm., 21; exp. tegm. 65 mm.

Hab. Dumbea.

Movta, gen. nov.

¢@. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of pro-

notum, only about half as long as breadth between eyes, the

anterlor margin moderately truncate, more or less longitu-

dinally incised ; face longer than broad, the head on each

side of it moderately laterally foveate ; pronotum about half

as long as broad at base, the basal marginal area distinctly

moderately protuberant at each lateral angle ; mesonotum

(including cruciform elevation) a little longer than head and

pronotum together; tympana entirely exposed ; opercula not

completely covering the so1orous cavities but alma meeting

each other at base, their apical margins broadly rounded ;

rostium reaching the intermediate coxee; abdomen chore

robust, scarcely longer than breadth at base, basal margins of

the doisal segments prominent; anterior femora strongly

incrassated aud prominently spined beneath ; tegmina and

wings hyaline; tegmina with the upper vein of “the lower

ulnar area more or less fused with the lower vein to the radial

area beyond the apex of the basal cell.

Tncluded in the division Melampsaltaria, Dist.

Mouta variabilis, sp. n.

3. Body above dull virescent ; body beneath, legs, and

rostrum ochraceous ; ocelli shining reddish ochraceous; eyes

piceous; tympana pale purplish brown; anterior femora

beneath with three strong blackish spines, decreasing m

Jength from basal spine; rostrum reaching the intermediate

éoxe, its apex black; opercula with the lateral and apical

margins broadly vaca: not meeting at luner margins nor

completely covering the sonorous cavities ; tegmina Ad wings

liyaline, venation Wlackiah: more duiwaceous on basal half.

Long., excl. tegm., g, 29; exp. tegm, 80 mim.

Var: rG.— Body above dull greenish.

Var. b—Head and pronotum dull greenish; abdomen

reddish ochraceous.

Var. e.-—Body above pale sanguineous.

Lab. Mr. Mou, Piaine des ice

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 461

Fam. Fulgoridx.

Subfam. Dicerrorw4Rrin Zz.

Genus MoNTROUZIERANA.

Montrouxierana, Monty. Aun, Soc. Ent. Fr, (4) i. p. 72, note (i861).

Montrouzierana oaycephala.

Pseudophana oxycephala, Montr. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 72 (1861).

Montrouxierana oxycephala, ibid., uote.

Hab. Mt. Mou, Plaine des Lacs.

Subfam. Mrarr a.

Colgar limbata.

Phyllyphanta limbata, Montr.JAnn. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. ser. 1864, p. 243.

Hab. Plaine des Laes.

Subfam. Crxrrm a.

Civius aragoensts, sp. n.

Body above bright ochraceous, abdomen above a little

darker and more testaceous ; eyes ’black ; tegmina-very pale

ochraceous, the venation a little darker ; head a little lon; ver

than broad, anterior and lateral Hohe strongly upwardly

carinate ; disk of pronotum somewhat flattened, centrally

longitudinally carinate, its lateral carinations ote rounded

and angularly attenuated posteriorly ; body beneath and legs

pale shining ochraceous ; apices of ne tarsi black ; abdominal

apex black.

Long., incl. tegm., 6 mm.

Hab. Mt. St. Arago.

Civius montaguet, sp. 0

Head and body above dull dark ochraceous, the anterior

and lateral margins to head, the margins and three longitudinal

carinate lines to prouotum stramineous ; eyes black ; body

beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina pale hyaline, the

venation on about apical half « darkly infuscate, the apical

areas very distinctly and blackly veined ; face. moderately

and centrally carinate; apices of the tarsi black.

Long., incl. tegm., 5 mm.

Hab. Upper Houadou R.

462 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Ciaius varicolor, sp. n.

Head and pronotum dark ochraceous, eyes and _ lateral

pronotal areas black ; carinate margins of head and central

carinations to pronotum pale ochraceous; abdomen above

with basal half ochraceous spotted with black, posterior half

black ; face ochraceous between eyes, remaining area pale

dull blackish, the lateral margins and central longitudinal

carination ochraceous; abdomen beneath imperfectly seen in

carded typical specimen ; legs ochraceous; tegmina pale

hyaline, reflecting the darker abdomen beneath, the veins

narrowly blackish, a prominent marginal longitudinal black

spot a little before apex ; Jateral margins of head distinctly

laterally marginally carinate; pronotum centrally, sub-

marginally, and anteriorly carinate.

Long., inel. tegin., 5 mm.

flab. Houadou.

Civius apicimaculutus, sp. n.

Head and pronotum dark ochraceous ; anterior and posterior

margins of head and central longitudinal carinatious to pro-

notum pale ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline, the veins on apical

area black 5 body beneath and legs ochraceous ; eyes blackish ;

anterior and posterior margins of head carinate, eyes elongate,

slightly extending beyond the anterior lateral margins of

pronotum, the longitudinal carinations to pronotum very

distinct ; posterior areas of tegmina with the transverse veins

and the apical margin more prominently black.

Long., incl. tegm., 45 mm.

flab. Upper Houadeu R.

Subfam. Dersrv-x.

Nisia rubrofaseiata, sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous ; eyes black ; scutellum

and tegmina greyish white; lateral margins of pronotum and

an inner longitudinal ene to tegmina saiguineous ; body

beneath and Jegs pale ochraceous ; head (including eyes)

narrower than pronotum, moderately produced in front of

eyes, the lateral margins distinctly ridged, the disk depressed ;

pronotum with a central, longitudinal, somewhat carinate

line ; apices of the tarsi palely black.

Long., incl. tegim., 65 mim.

Hab. Upper Houadou R.

Thynchota from New Caledonia. 463

Nisia albonotata, sp. n.

Pale ochraceous, the pronotum and scutellum darker ochra-

ceous, the head, anterior margin of pronotum, and anterior

and lateral margins of the teginina greyish white; eyes

black; vertex of head with the anterior angles moderately

acutely produced; pronotum longitudinally tricarinate.

Long., inel. tegm., 4 mm.

Hab. Rhoo, Houadou R.

A single example of this species in somewhat compresse |

condition.

Fam. Cercopide.

Subfam. ArwropHorine.

Ptyelus ¢gnambianus, sp. n.

Head above greyish white, the anterior margin very

narrowly and three transverse linear fascize castaneous 3 pro-

notum and scutellum castaneous, a transverse anterior medially

broken fascia to pronotum, and the basal margin of scutellum

greyish white; tegmina castaneous, a transverse spot about

middle of cose] margin, another spot near apex of same, two

small transverse spots on 1nner apical margin, and two cmall

spots at apex of clavus more or less greyish white ; body

beneath and legs (imperfectly seen in carded specimen)

brownish ochraceous, apices of tarsi black; head above

roundly oblique, its greatest length a little Slionter than pro-

notum, its basal margin convexly excavate between the eyes ;

Scutellum angularly convex at base ; tegmina thickly, very

finely punctate : ; face castaneous, centrally longitudinally and

laterally transversely pale ochraceous ; posterior tibize with

two slender spines.

Long. 53 min.

Hab. fab

Var.—Pronotum without the anterior submarginal pale

transverse fascia.

Hab. M:. Arago.

Apparently allied to P. dimeclus, Moute.

Ptyclus pampaianus, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, with a broad central longitudinal Eascia

aud a transverse linear spot on each side near inner margins

of eyes dark castaneous ; pronotum and scutellum very dark

464 Mr. W. L. Distant on

castaneous, the first with a centrally broken anterior ochra-

ceous margin, and the scutellum with its apex ochraceous ;

tegmina very dark castaneous, base of costal margin and the

anterior area ochraceous, somewhat maculately so on inner

and outer margins of claval area, a spot near middle of costal

margin, and a larger marginal spot a little before apex

greyish white; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded

specimen ; legs ochraceous, apices of tarsi black; head

roundly oblique, its greatest length about equal to that of

pronotum, which is very thickly and rather coarsely punctate ;

tegmina densely but more finely punctate; apices of tarsi

black.

Long. 4 mm.

flab. Pampai.

Ptyelus panieanus, sp. n.

Ochraceous, eyes black; tegmina with an oblique fascia

near middle and a subapical marginal spot greyish white;

legs more or less ochraceous, with darker macular suffusions ;

tarsi very pale ochraceous, with their apices black ; body

beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimens ; head obliquely

rounded, about as long as middle of pronotum ; head, pro-

notum, and scutellum very finely and densely punctate’; legs

pale castaneous, more or less shaded with black, posterior

tibie with two distinct spines, tarsi more or less pale

ochraceous.

Long. 6 mm,

Hab. Mt. Panié.

Ptyelus montaguet, sp. n.

Body above very dark castaneous, almost black ; a small

spot at inner margins of eyes and two large contiguous discal

spots a pronotum bright ochraceous ; seutellum: pale casta-

neous; an oblique narrow fascia crossing tegmina before

aide and a large marginal spot near apex of same greyish

white ; femora and tibia more or less blackish, tarsi ochra-

ceous with their apices black ; head somewhat sharply oblique,

a little longer than pronotum, the whole upper surface thickly

finely punctate ; ; posterior tibiee with two spines.

Long. 55 mm.

Hab. Ignaumbi, Pampai, Mt. St. Arago.

Var. a.-Pronotum without the two pale discal spots.

Hab. Houadou.

ee ee

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 465

Ptyelus sex-maculatus.

Ptyelus sex-maculatus, Montr. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr, ser. 4, i. p.71 (1861).

flab. Uouadou, Mt. Mou.

Pryelus rhoonensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black, anterior margin of

head distinctly carinate and ochraceous; tegmina brassy

brown, with two greyish-white marginal spots, the first and

smallest at about middle of costal margin, the other and

largest spot on costal margin a little before apex ; legs black,

bases of tarsi pale ochraceous ; body beneath imperfectly seen

in carded specimen; head (excluding the slightly raised

anterior margin) thickly finely punctate ; pronotum thick!

finely punctate, slightly convexly raised and centrally longi-

tudinally depressed ; tegmina thickly finely punctate ; poste-

rior tibia with two medial spines.

Long. 44 mm.

flab. Rhoo, Houadou R.

Ptyelus nocturnus, sp. n.

Black ; tegmina with a prominent white subapical marginal

spot ; head distinctly shorter than the pronotum, the whole

upper surface distinctly, thickly, finely punctate; posterior

tibizs with two distinct spines.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Ignambi.

Clovia montrousteri, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum reddish ochraceous, extreme

margin ‘of head black ; pronotum with four central, longi-

tudinal, broadly raised cariue which are darker and more

rufous in hue; tegmina with more than basal halves dark

rufous-brown, opaque, about apical third hyaline, the veins

fuscous, and with an inner, curved, apical, dark fascia ; lees

ochraceous, apices of the tibiee and tarsi more or less black ;

head continuing on base the rufous raised carine of the pro-

notum, anteriorly narrowed, and about as long as the pronotum

eyes black ; scutellum distinctly broadly, centrally, longitu-

dinally excavate ; ; body beneath ochraceous.

Long. 7-8 mm.

Hab. Central District; Upper Houadou R., Rhoo.

466 Mr. W. L. Distant on

BYREBISTUS, gen. nov.

Head much shorter than broad between eyes, subconically

rounded in front, the central lobe a little globosely prominent ;

eyes oblique, somewhat large and prominent, ocelli placed

centrally near base, nearer to each other than to eyes ; pro-

notum depressed anteriorly, broader at base than long, lateral

angles subprominent, anteriorly depressed, basal margin

almost straight ; scutellum almost as long as broad, centrally,

strongly, longitudinally depressed; tegmina much longer

than body ; posterior tibie with a moderately short spine at

about one-third from apex; other structural characters

imperfectly seen in carded specimen.

I have placed this genus somewhat near Sounama, Dist.,

from British India.

Byrebistus nigritarsus, sp. n

Bright shining ochraceous; ocelli, eyes, and apices of tarsi

black ; body beneath imperfectly seen in carded type; head

with the central lobe subglobosely elevated ; pronotum thickly

finely punctate, slightly centrally longitudinally depressed on

basal area, a short, central, more impunctate, transverse space

behind anterior margin; scutellum finely thickly punctate,

strongly, centrally, longitudinally impressed; tegmina with

the claval area and about basal third of costal area thickly

punctate ; apex of the spine to posterior tibiz black; veins

on apical halves of tegmina prominent and slightly darker in

hue.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. Mt. Tguambi.

Family Jasside.

Subfam. Lzeprrmz.

Petalocephala aurescens, Sp. N.

Bright shining ochraceous, apical areas of the tegmina

very pale ochraceous ; “ey es eck ; head with a few profound

punctures defining an anterior submarginal area ; ee

thickly finely punctate ; scutellum with the basal area a little

darker, and thickly, very finely punctate, the apex and

narrow lateral maigins paler and less punctate; tegmina

with the veins moderately prominent ; posterior tibize lougly

finely Pune

Long, 55-7 mm.

Hake Tipaae ou:

—

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 467

Carchariacephalus forestieri.

Carchariacephalus forestiert, Montr. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. (4) i. p. 71

(1861),

Hab. Central District, Rhoo.

Subfam. Byrvzoscopry x.

Bythoscopus montaguet, sp. n.

Ochraceous, head, anterior margin of pronotum, scutellum,

and legs paler in hue ; eyes blackish; two small tubercles

before anterior margin of pronotum, the dise very thickly,

finely, transversely striate ; scutelluam with a dark spot in

each basal angle and with a distinct central longitudinal

carination terminating in a distinct dark angulate incision, a

small dark spot at apex of clavus, the claval area somewhat

coarsely punctate ; posterior tibize thickly finely spinulose ;

extreme apices of tibia distinctly darker in hue. Body

beneath indistinctly seen in carded specimen.

Long. 55 mm.

jadi Houadou.

Nehela albofrontalis, sp. n.

Head ochraceous ; face with a large triangular white spot

the angulate apex of f which extends over the middle of vertex,

two rounded spots on face, and inner margins of eyes black

pronotum with a narrow, central, transverse, black line leer

1s somewhat maculate at middle; scutellum ochraceous, with

a central, slender, obcruciform spot, and a linear spot near

each basal anvle black; tegmina ochraceous, the veins much

darker, and an clone black marginal spot a little behind

middle ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, imperfectly seen

in carded specimen, apices of. tibize and Enuist distinctly very

dark fuscous, posterior tibize finely, closely, shortly spinose.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Upper Hovailou R.

Selenocephalus viridipes, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous, extreme ante-

rior margin of vertex, eyes, extreme basal margin of pronotum,

and a spot in each basal angle of scutellum much darker in

hue ; tegmina brownish ochraceous, the lateral areas and apex

468 Mr. W. L. Distant on

pale greenish ochraceous ; body beneath and legs pale vires-

cent; apices of tarsi dark fuscous ; pronotum very finely,

closely, transversely striate ; posterior femora with a distinct

slender spine at apex; posterior tibise distinctly, closely,

finely spinose.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. Mt. Are 20.

Subfam. /assrwa.

Tartessus coronatlus, Sp. ni.

Shining black ; anterior margin of head, anterior legs,

apices of intermediate tibiae and tarsi, spines to posterior

tibiae, apices to tarsi, and bases of posterior tarsi ochraceous ;

pronotum finely transversely striate; scutellum (excluding

basal angles) thickly, somewhat coarsely punctate ; posterior

tibia closely, somewhat longly spinose.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab, Central District.

Allied to 7. solomonensis, Dist., from the Solomon Islands.

Jassus neoguttalus, sp. n.

Head pale ochraceous, the ocelli and eyes black ; pronotum

dark ochraceous; scutellum pale ochraceous, with a darker

spot at each basal angle; tegmina ochraceous, the veins

fuscous, a large spet on subapical area of clavus, and about

eight elongate spots on apical tegminal area greyish white ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous, posterior tibia (excluding

basal areas) blackish, apices of tarsi black ; head above with

two central longitudinal impressions; pronotum thickly,

somewhat darkly punctate; scutellum profoundly, finely

transversely impressed a little below middle ; posterior

tibice thickly, finely, rather longly spinose.

Long. 64 mm,

Hab. Central District.

Allied to J. guttatus, Walk., from Mysol and New Guinea.

Subfam. Dezexacty Zz.

Ugyops inermis, sp. n

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous; face with a

central longitudinal black line, an oblique reddish fascia on

each lateral area, and two small reddish apical pe pro-

notum with four more or less oblique black spots ; tegmina

Pret aiken wot

a ee ee

ee a a

Rhynchota from New Caledonia. 469

more or less suffused with black, especially on apical areas ;

body beneath imperfectly seen in carded specimen ; antennse

pale ochraceous, apex of first joint sanguineous, second joint

fuscously biannulate ; legs pale ochraceous, anterior and

intermediate tibise with their bases and apices (narrowly), and

with a subbasal and subapical annulation fuscous, posterior

femora more or less sanguineous, tarsi more or less spotted

with black; long robust spur attached to apices of posterior

tibiee ochraceous, darker at base and apex.

Long. 55 mm.

Hab. Houadou.

Allied to U. senescens, Dist., from the Seychelles, but

differing by the less spinous posterior tibiae, Ke.

Ugyops houadouensis, sp. n.

Allied to the preceding species, U. ¢nermis, but much

smaller ; face with three contiguous black spots between the

eyes 3 pronotum without the black spots; tegmina suffused

with black somewhat as in OU. inermis 3 antenue in markings

vesembling those of U7. inermiés ; legs similarly marked, but

posterior tibiee with three distinct fuscous annulations and

with the subapical spur much more slender. .

Long. 45 mm.

Hab. Houadou.

Subfam. VerrrgonreLLin#.

Tettigoniella spectra.

Tettigoniella spectra, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 211 (1908).

Hab. Houadou R.

ohout British

This widely distributed species is found throug

Iudia, and is recorded from N, Australia by Stal,

Kolla parvipicta, sp. n.

Head and scutellum ochraceous, with small brownish

maculate markings ; pronotum and tegmina pale brownish,

with pale ochraceous maculate markings; body beneath

imperfectly seen in carded specimen; legs pale ochraceous,

tibiee with small pale brownish maculate markings, a spot at

apices darker and more pronounced, tarsi prominently spotted

with fuscous ; lateral margins of vertex in a line with outer

margins of eyes, Which are darker and have a prominent

black marginal spot.

Long., incl. tegm., 4 mm.

Hab. Mt. Ignambi.

470 Dr. & the Rev. S. Guana Brade- Birks—

Kolla auriculata, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, narrow anterior margin and a eurved

transverse fascia between eyes, both centrally maculate, black ;

pronotum ochraceous, with a narrow anterior fascia centrally

maculate, basal and lateral margins and a central longitudinal

line black; scutellum ochraceous, basal margin black ;

tegmina dark fuscous, the lateral margins much paler ; body

beneath imperfectly seen in carded type, legs pale ochraceous ;

lateral margins of vertex in a line with outer margins of eyes,

which are black.

Long., incl. tegm., 4 mm.

flab. Upper Houadou R.

LIV.—Notes on Myriapodaa—XXV. Preliminary Lists for

Lincolnshire and Norfolk. By Hitpa K. Brabe-BIrRKS,

M.Sc., M.B.; Ch.B., L.8:C,P;:M.RC:S,, D2 and the

Rev. S. GRAHAM BraveE-Birks, M.Sc.

‘

I. INTRODUCTION.

During a short stay in Norfolk, which began at the end of

May 1919 and extended into June, we collected a number

of “ myriapods ’’ which it seems worth while to record. Mr.

St. Jolin Marriott had previously collected some specimens

for us in the county, and these are incorporated in thie

detailed records which follow.

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall has favoured us with a list of specimens

from Lincolushire submitted to him by the collectors, Mr. T.

Stainforth of the Hull Museum and Mr, J. C. Varty-Smith

of Penrith. These valuable collections, augmented by the

results of a paper published by Mr. Stainforth himself (1919)

aud the material we obtained during July 1915 in the Martin-

by-Timberland district of Lincolnshire, have furnished the

data for our list in the case of that county.

Of the Lincolushire records Mr. Stainforth’s are all from

the north (vice-county 54 in the Watsonian system) and

Mr. Varty-Smith’s all from the south (vice-county 53); our

own collecting (Martin-by-Timberland district) was done near

the boundary between the two. In Norfolk all the collecting

referred to was done in the west (vice-county 28).

Tie detailed records are arranged under specitic headings

only ; many systematic indications and dimensions of species

Notes on Myriapoda. 471

included in the present study will be found in the twelfth

paper of this series (Brade-Birks, October 1918).

In the second section of this paper other collectors’ names

are cited by initials ; where these latter are wanting, we were

the collectors ourselves. We have used as abbreviations

Ins. for Lincolnshire, Nk. for Norfolk, dist. for district,

M.-by-T. for Martin-by-Vimberland, and syn. for synonym.

Our best thanks are due to Mr. Baguall for his determina-

tion of Symphyla and other help, and also to the collectors of

material recorded in the seta paper. The incorporation

of cur own 1915 Lincolushire specimens brings our early

indebtedness to Dr. A. Randell Jackson of Chester pleasantly

to mind; it was le who made an examination of those

specimens soon after they were collected.

Ll. DeTAILED RECORDS.

Class DIPLOPODA.

Iulus scandinavius, Latzel.

Syn. L. ligulifer, Latzel and Verhoeff.

Tiis species was wrongly renamed L. ligulifer simply

because it was unknown in Scandinavia (Verhoeff, 1891) ;

Latzel’s o1iginal name must stand. Evans (1907) says, “ It

seems to me, that by the rules of nomenclature, scandinavius is

the proper specific name of this Tulid.”

Three males, Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries,

Heacham, Nk.

Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport).

Syn. O. fallax (Meinert).

One male of this or the previous species, Manton Common,

Lns., 7. S., 13. vi. 15; male, Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’

nurseries, Lleacham, Nk. :

Tachypodoiulus niger (Leach).

Syn. 7, albipes (C. L. Koch).

Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; common, South Ferriby,

Lenses 2S., 16. x. 15; tarm precincts ete. not uncommon,

Heacham, Nk.

Cylindroiulus frisius (Verhoeft).

Dimensions given by Verhoeff (1891, p. 133): body of

472 Dr. & the Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks—

female 14-16 mm. long, 1:2-1'3 mm. broad; male 10-13 mm.

long.

This species is often found on the coast of England, but

may also be met with well inland. Tue gonopods of the

inale are diagnostic.

On the shore under wood (including male dissected for con-

firmation) and in farm precincts, inland (male also dissected),

Heacham, Nk.; under a stone (male again dissected) near

Sandringham, Nk. Material probably referable to the species

but not confirmed by dissection, as follows :—in ants’ nest,

inland, Heacham, Nk. ; outskirts of wood between North

Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk.

Cylindrotulus londinensis, var. finitimus, Ribaut.

Dimensions and other characters are mentioned in the

thirteenth paper of this series (Brade-Birks, Sept. and Oct.

1918).

Under stones by roadside, Castle Rising, Nk.

Cylindroiulus londinensis, var. teutontcus (Pocock).

Dimensions and other characters are again indicated in our

thiuteenth paper (Brade-Birks, Sept. and Oct. 1918).

Under stones by roadside, Castle Rising, Nk.

Cylindroiulus punctatus (Leach).

Syn. C. silvarwn (Meinert).

Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; male and female, M.-by-T.

dist., Lns. ; between bark and trunk of felled timber (male

dissected for confirmation), Heacham, Nk.; outskirts of wood

between North Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk.

Cylindroiulus (Leucotulus) nitidus (Verhoeff).

This species is dealt with at some length in our fifth paper

(Brade-Birks, May 1917).

Males are necessary for definite diagnosis. Mr. Bagnall

refers the following example to the species: one female,

Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.

At Heacham, Nk., we took several females, which are,

perhaps, referable to this species.

Schizophyllum sabulosum (Linné).

Manton Common, Lns., 7. S., 13. vi. 15; M.-by-T. dist.,

Lns. ; under a stone, near Sandringham, Nk.; Dersingham,

. ee i ee ee ee

Notes on Myriapoda. 473

Nk.; Snettisham, Nk. ; one junior, outskirts of wood between

North Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk. ; ? (junior),

Heacham, Nk.

Isobates varicornis (C. L. Koch).

Latzel (1884, p. 241) gives the dimensions of this animal

as 6-10 mm.

Specimens probably referable to this species were taken as

follows :—logs in field, inland, Heacham, Nk. ; juniors, under

bark, inland, Heacham, Nk.; Mr. Witton’s, inland,

Heacham, Nk.

Amsteinia fusca (Am Stein).

M.-by-T. dist., Lns.; Mr. Witton’s yard; Heacham, Nk. ;

logs in field, inland, Heacham, Nk.

Blaniulus guttulatus (Bosc).

Female only (males are necessary for certain diagnosis),

M.-by-T. dist., Lns.

Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat.

One male, two females (determined, as were most of our

M.-by-T. dist. specimens, soon after collection, by our friend

Dr. A. Randell Jackson, of Chester), M.-by-T’. dist., Lus.

Polydesmus complanatus (Linné).

Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Heacham, Nk.

Brachydesmus superus mosellanus (Verhoeff).

Garden, Heacham, Nk. (dissected for confirmation) ; Ring-

stead Downs, Nk.

Ophiodesmus albonanus (Latzel).

Garden, Heacham, Nk. (dissected for confirmation).

Macrosternodesmus palicola, Brélemann.

Garden, Heacham, Nk. (dissected for confirmation).

Polymicrodon polydesmoides (Leach).

Syn. P. latzeli (Verhoeff).

The genus common, Harlaxton and Ruskington, Lns.,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 32

A474 Dr. & the Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks—

J. C. V.-S.; under flints in chalk-hole near the sea, Wells-

on-Sea, Nk., St. J. M., ix. 1918; garden, juniors only,

Heacham, Nk.; ? (junior), Ringstead Downs, Nk.

As no other species of this genus is known to occur in

Britain, it is assumed that all the specimens recorded belong

to Leach’s form.

Brachycheteuma bradee (Brélemann and Brade-Birks).

A full description of this animal is given in the seventh

paper of this series (Brade-Birks, Dec. 1917).

We took five specimens referable to the genus Brachy-

cheteuma in Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Heacham,

Nk., under boxes on fairly hard ground. Dissection of the

male proved that B. bradew was present, but upon the dissec-

tion of a female it was found that the vulve were apparently

identical with those of the type of B. quartum, Brade-Birks

(Oct. 1918); this seems to throw doubt upon the validity of

guartum, but we must await the discovery of more material

from the Bakewell district of Derbyshire to confirm or dispel

this suspicion.

Polyxenus lagurus (Linné).

Latzel (1884, p. 74) gives the length of this species as

2°5-3°2 mm. It was recorded by Stainforth (1919) from

Barton-on-Humber, where it occurred in some abundance on

the 10th May and 15th June, 1919, on the ends and sides of

the squared beams forming a very low parapet to the culverts

that cross the ditches in Dam-Road not far from the Humber

shore.

Class CHILOPODA.

Monotarsobius duboscqui (Brélemann).

Under bark, Heacham, Nk.; garden, Heacham, Nk.; farm

precincts, inland, Heacham, Nk.; under stone near Sand-

ringham, Nk.

Monotarsobtus crassipes (LL. Koch).

Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; several, outskirts of wood,

between North Wooton station and Castle Rising, Nk.;

? Messrs. Chilvers and Sons’ nurseries, Heacham, Nk.;

? Snettisham, Nk.

Saale

a ee eee

Pina “atch

Notes on Myriapoda. 47

Lithobius melanops, Newport.

Logs in field, inland, ie Nk. ; ? (juniors), under

bark, inland, Heatlane Nk. ; ?Mr. Witton’s, inland,

Eleacham; Nk. .

Lithobius forficatus (Linné).

M.-by-T. dist., Lns.; two juniors, under bark, inland,

Heacham, Nk.; junior, North Wooton, Nk.

Cryptops hortensis, Gare

Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; ‘, Witton’s, inland,

Heacham, Nk.

Geophilus carpophagus, Leach.

A male with fifty-three pairs of legs, under bark on fallen

timber, Heacham, Nk. (‘This specimen was quite brilliantly

luminous on the hand at night.)

Reference has already been made to the occurrence of

luminous centipedes at Heacham (Brade-Birks, 1920).

Geophilus longicornis, Leach.

One male, two females, M.-by-T dist., Lns.; garden,

Ifeacham, Nk. ; ? (juniors), Suettisham, Nk.; under stones,

Castle Rising, Nk.

Geophilus electricus (Linné).

Stainforth (1919) says: “The late W. D. Roebuck writes

in his Presidential Address to the Lincolnshire Naturalists’.

Union, 1910” [ Lines. N..U. Trans. 1910, p. 169), -° of the

Myriopoda .... we appear only to have one single note, one

by Merck: M. Burton of Scolopendra electrica in 1851 at

Lincoln.’ I cannot find that any further records of Millipedes

or Centipedes have been made since 1910.”

Of course, such a record hardly seems conclusive.

Stigmatogaster subterraneus (Shaw).

Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.

Schendyla nemorensis (C. L. Koch).

The dimensions given by Latzel (1881, p. 198) for this

species are: length 14-28 mm., breadth 0°7-1-0 mm.

Doubtful specimens only, Heacham, Nk.

32*

476 Notes on Myriapoda.

Scolioplanes maritimus (Leach).

Sea-cliff, under chalk-blocks, Hunstanton, Nk., St. J. ML,

23. ix. 18; shore, about line of highest tides, Heacham, Nk.

Scolioplanes acuminatus (Leach).

Harlaxton, Lns., J. C. V.-S.; three examples, M.-by-T.

dist., Lns.

Scolioplanes crassipes (C. L. Koch).

Latzel (1881, p. 194) gives for the length of this species

22-56 mm.

M.-by-T. dist., Lns.

Class SYMPHYLA.

(The following records are given on the authority of

Mr. R. S. Bagnall, F.L.8., who has been kind enough to

examine our own material and to supply us with the other

data here presented.)

Scutigerella spinipes, Bagnall.

Two poor and somewhat doubtful examples, South Ferriby,

Lns., 7. S., 16.x. 155 one example, almost certainly refer-

able to this species, dry ditch in garden, Heacham, Nk.,

12. vi. 19.

Scutigerella biscutata, Bagnall.

A few, South Ferriby, Lns., 7. S., 16. x. 15.

Symphylella vulgaris (Hansen).

One poor example, South Ferriby, Lns., 7. S., 16. x. 15;

two examples, dry ditch in garden, Heacham, Nk., 12. vi. 19.

Symphylella horrida (Bagnall).

One example, garden, Heacham, Nk.

III. Points oF SPECIAL INTEREST, ETC.

The discovery of Brachycheteuma bradew in Norfolk is

important from a distributional point of view, and the occur-

ei eee

A a ee

On a new Termite from Mesopotamia. 477

rence of luminous centipedes in the same county is not without

interest.

Our knowledge of the ‘ myriapod” fauna of Lincolnshire

and Norfolk is still too incomplete for a profitable examination

into the influence of such local factors as geology, altitude,

vegetation, and rainfall.

TV. REFERENCES.

Brapvk, Hinpa K., and 8. Granam Birxs. May 1917. “ Notes on

Myriapoda.—V. On Cylindrotulus (Leucoiulus) nitidus (Verhoett).”

Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xix. pp. 417-424.

BravpE-Brr«s, Hiipa K., and 8. GRanAM Brape-Brres. Dec. 1917.

“Notes on Myriapoda.—VII. A new Member of the Order

Ascospermophora (Lacksoneuma bradee, gen. et sp. nov.).” Journ.

Zool. Research, ii. pp. 185-149.

——. Oct. 1918. ‘Notes on Myriapoda.—XII. A Preliminary List for

Derbyshire, with a Description of Brachycheteuma quartum,

sp. n., and Chordeumella scutellare bagnalli, var.n.” Ann, & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (9) ii. pp. 319-336.

——. Sept. and Oct. 1918. ‘ Notes on Myriapoda.—XIII. Some Kent

Records.” Lanes. & Ches. Nat. xi. pp. 152-165 & 186-192. (Ap-

pendix by 8. Priest.)

——. Jan. 1920. “ Notes on Myriapoda.—XX. Luminous Chilopoda.”

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. pp. 1-30, pls. 1. & ii.

Evans, Wrut1am. 1906-7. “The Myriapods (Centipedes and Milli-

pedes) of the Forth Area.’ Proc. Roy. Phy. Soc, Edinb. xvi.

pp. 405-414 and xvii. pp. 109-120.

Larzet, R. 1880 and 1884. ‘Die Myriopoden der dsterreichisch-

ungarischen Monarchie.’

Srarnrorty, T. July 1919. “ The Bristly Millipede in North Lincs.”

The Naturalist, p. 234.

Veruoerr, K. W. 1891. “ Kin Beitrag zur mitteleuropiischen Diplo-

poden-Fauna.” Berl. ent. Zeitsch. xxxvi. pp. 115-166, pls. v.—viii.

16 Bank Street,

Darwen, Lancashire,

2nd September, 1920.

LV.—A new Termite from Mesopotamia.

By Prof. F. SILVESTRI.

[Plate XX. ]

Alicrocerotermes diversus, sp. Ni.

Mas alatus. Corpus (in alcool) pallide ochroleucum capite

et pronoto fulvo-ochraceis, alis hyalinis nervulis majoribus

pallide fulvescentibus.

478 Prof. F. Silvestri on a

Caput 1/7 longius quam inter oculos latius, supra setis

brevibus et brevioribus sat numerosis instructum, fenestra

haud distincta, clypeo sat inflato, ejusdem dimidia parte eque

longa atque lata, superficie setis 5 et setis nonnullis brevioribus

instructa ; ocellis ab oculis spatio ocelli longitudinem equanti

remotis ; oculis bene convexis, antennis 14-articulatis, articulo

tertio quam secundo c. 2/3 breviore et quam quarto ali-

quantum breviore, mandibulis vide Pl. XX. figs. 3 & 4.

Pronotum quam caput cum oculis c. 1/6 minus latum,

postice parum sinuatum supra setis numerosis brevioribus et

brevibus instructum; mesonotum et metanotum lateribus

aliquantum convergentibus postice angulatim aliquantum

sinuata,

Alse superficie setis numerosis brevioribus sparsis et articulis

minimis crebris basi 3-radiata vestitee, venis vide Pl. XX.

figs. 6, 7.

Pedes setosi, secundi paris tibiis preter calearia ad apicem

anticum externe setis duabus subspiniformibus instructis.

Abdominis tergita et sternita setis brevibus et brevioribus

numerosis instructa. Cerci breviores, bene setosi.

Long. corp. cum alis 8°5, sine alis 4°5 ; long. capitis 0°91,

ejusdem lat. inter oculos 0°78, diametros long. oculi 0°25, long.

antennarum 1°43, ale antic 6°6, ejusdem lat. 1°6, long.

tibiee ILI. 0°92.

Exempla nonnulla alata libera lecta parum majora sunt ;

femine long. corp. cum alis 10, sine alis 5-2; long. ale

anticee 8.

Miles major. Corpus eremeum capite ochraceum antice fulvo

ferrugineo, mandibulis nigris.

Caput subrectangulare angulis posticis rotundatis, angulis

anticis paullum convergentibus supra setis sparsis brevibus

parce numerosis instructum, ¢, 1/4 longius quam latius, labro

brevi, c. 2/9 ad basim latiore quam longiore antice parum

rotundato ; antennis 13-articulatis articulo tertio quam se-

cundo aliquantum et quam quarto parum breviore; man-

dibulis quam capitis latitudine parum longioribus, parte distali

aliquantum orcuta, margine interno irregulariter et parum

profunde serrulato.

Pronotum quam capitis latitudo fere 1/3 minus latum, lobo

antico margine medio parum sinuate, margine postico sub-

recto, lateribus rotundatis, superficie setis brevibus et brevi-

oribus nonnullis instructa; mesonoti et metanoti margine

postico vix sinuato.

Pedes parce setosi, tibiz secundi paris spinis externis

preapicalibus robustis.

a TT ee ey ee a

new Termite from Mesopotamia. 479

Abdominis tergita et sternita setis nonnullis brevibus

preesertim posticis et setis brevioribus et brevissimis instructa.

Cerci breviores,

Long. corp. mm. 5, long. capitis 1°40, ejusdem lat. 0°90,

long. antennarum 1°30, mandibularum 1:00, tibie ILI. 0°78.

Miles minor. Long. corp. mm. 4, long. capitis 1°24, ejusdem

lat. 0°85, long. antennarum 1°30, mandibularum 0°92,

tibiee III. 0°75.

Operarius. Corpus cremeum capite ochroleuco.

Caput subzeque longum atque latum supra setis brevioribus

et brevibus sat numerosis instructum, clypeo sat inflato,

utrinque seta mediana et seta antica brevibus et setis nonnullis

brevioribus instructo, antennis 13-articulatis, articulo tertio

quam secundo dimidio vel plus breviore et quam quarto

aliquantum breviore.

Thorax et abdomen eisdem militis similes.

Long. corp. mm. 3:2, long. capitis 0°85, antennarum 0°90,

tibiee IIT. 0°60.

Habitat. Exemplum alatum et exempla nonnulla alia clar.

P. A. Buxton ad Amara (Tigris fl., Mesopotamia) sub arborum

cortice (2/1./1918) legit exempla alata parum majora etiam ad

Amara (24/iv./1918) legit.

Observatio. Species hee alatorum colore inter ceteras mihi

notas diversa est et etiam militis forma.

[ Nore.—The species which Prof. Silvestri describes above

is common at Amara in Lower Mesopotamia. It makes

colonies under the bark of dead trees, especially apricot-trees.

The colonies are always small, and I never found any termito-

philes in them. The winged adults come to light.—P. A.

Buxton. |

EXPLICATIO FIGURARUM (PuateE XX.).

Fig. 1. Maris caput supra inspectum. ; 1} Re

Fig. 2. Idem lateraliter inspectum et antrorsum aliquantum inclinatum.

Fig.3et4. Ejusdem mandibule supra inspectee.

Fig. 5, Hjusdem thoracis tergita.

Fig. 6-7. Ale.

Fy. 8. Ale particula multo ampliata.

Fig. 9. Maris tibia secundi paris.

Fig. 10. Ejusdem pes tertii paris a tibiee apex.

Fig. 11. Militis caput pronum.

Fig. 12. Ejusdem labrum magis ampliatum,

480 Mr. J. M. Brown on a new

LVIL—A new Termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa.

By James MEIKLE Brown, B.Sc., F.L.S., F.E.S.

AMONGST a quantity of Apterygota material very kindly

forwarded to me for determination by Mr. P. A. Buxton,

F.E.S., of Cambridge, was a tube containing six specimens

of a species of Cyphoderus obtained in a nest of termites in

Sierra Leone. As the species proves to be new, it is described

in the present paper...

Cyphoderus buxtoni, sp. n.

Abdomen IV. about 24 times the length of abdomen III.

Antenna 1} times the length of the head. Proportional

lengths of the antennal segments approximately as 1:3:2:4.

Hyes absent.

Tenent-hair of foot distinctly clubbed and not quite as long

as the claw. Claw of foot 2 the length of the mucro of the

spring, with a small indistinct inner tooth about the middle of

the margin, in addition to the usual pair of large basal teeth.

Empodial appendage (“lower claw”) about 3 the length

of the claw, with a large broad outer tooth (fig. 1).

Dentes of spring each with two rows of ribbed dorsal

scales, five inner and seven outer, of which the distal outer

scale projects slightly beyond the apex of the mucro, and the

distal inner scale is nearly twice the length of the mucro

(fig. 2). Manubrium 13 times the length of the dens; dens

3 times that of the mucro. Mucro with slightly curved

ventral edge, and, in addition to the small apical tooth, with

three dorsal teeth, the two more distal ones approximately

equal and in the distal third of the mucro, the third small

and placed about 4 from the base of the mucro (fig. 3).

Colour white.

Size 1:2 mm.

In the nest of termites (see below), Sierra Leone, West

Africa (P. A. Buaton, 19. vi. 1917).

Types in the British Museum (South Kensington).

Cyphoderus buatoni differs from most of the described

members of the genus in having seven outer dorsal dental

scales, the usual number being six (Borner, 1913). The fork

(spring) of one specimen was abnormal, the right dens

carrying eight outer dorsal scales and the corresponding

mucro having no small basal tooth; the left dens and mucro

were normal.

eee eee

Pit > a mire « gree hend ine ar Os Sr is apts,

_Termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa. 481

A noteworthy feature is the presence of three dorsal teeth

to the mucro. This character occurs in two species described

by Wahlgren from Egypt, namely, C. arcuatus and C. ter-

mitum. From C, arcuatus our species differs, among other

characters, not only in the general form of the mucro, but in

the relative length of the last dental scales and in the

proportional lengths of the abdominal segments, and from

Cyphoderus buxtont, sp..n. Foot, x 1200.

SS — eS ——SS

—S = —=

Cyphoderus buatont, sp. uu. Right dens and mucro (dorsal view), X 580.

Cyphoderus buxtoni, sp.n. Right mucro, with last two outer dental

scales (side view), x 1800,

C. termitum in the form of the mucro, but especially in the

structure of the claw (Wahlgren, 1906).

Species of Cyphoderus have been described from various

parts of the world, and in nearly all cases living in association

with either ants or termites. In our own country the only

known species—C. albinos, Nic.—frequently occurs in ants’

nests. An exception, however, appears to bein C. gennesere,

Carp., described from Galilee, where it was discovered living

under stones in a salt-spring (Carpenter, 1913).

Appended are some notes relating to the occurrence of

C. buxtoni kindly supplied by Mr. Buxton, to whom my

thanks are due for giving me the opportunity of examining

the material :—

“ Freetown, Sierra Leone, 19. vi. 1917.

“¢ Cyphoderus collected from a termites’ nest, in which they

occurred in great numbers. The nest was a hard mud turret

18 inches high on the golf-course, and had been made appa-

rently by Hutermes suspensus, Silv., which inhabited it in

immense numbers. The nest also contained right in its middle

a colony of Pertcapritermes urgens, Silv., workers, soldiers,

and winged sexual forms, and a few Baszdentitermes potens,

Silv., of which I only secured nasutes. The termites have

been named by Prof. Silvestri.”

LITERATURE.

Carpenter, G. H. “A new Spring-tail from Galilee.” Journ. &

Proc. Asiatic Soc. of Bengal (new series), vol. ix. no. 6, 1913,

pp. 215-217.

WauLGrEN, E. “Apterygoten aus Aegypten und dem Sudan.”

Results of the Swedish Zool. Exped. to Egypt and the White

Nile, 1901. No. 15. Upsala, 1906,

LVII.—On some new Forms of Lichens.

By Prof. Dr. C. MERESCHKOVSKY.

Physcia pulverulenta (Scheb.), Ny]., forma delicata, Mer.

Thallus mediocris, pallide ochroleuco-cinereus, nudus vel vix pulveru-

lentus, laciniis quasi ut in typo, sed minoribus, tenuioribus, con-

cretis, marginibus subcrenulatis, centro ad margines lobulis micro-

phyllinis munitis. Apothecia mediocria, vulgo 1:-4-1-8 millim.,

2-6 haudsuperantes, marginibus tenuibus, sepe foliosis.—Corticola,

supra quercus.

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabule Physcie pulverulente).

Loc. Geneva (Helvetia).

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some new Forms of Lichens. 4

Physcia pulverulenta, forma turgidula, Mer.

Thallus expansus, ceesio-pruinosus, verruculosus, formam turgidam

(Scher.), Harm., in memoriam revocans, sed verrucis subsquamult-

formibus, minus adnatis, imbricatis. Supra juglandem.

Rappelle, par la couleur et la pulvérulescence bleudtre des

squamules dont le thalle entier est couvert, la forma turgida

(Scher.), Harmand, mais en différe par le développement

des squamules qui ici ont aspect de lobes imbriqués, tandisque

dans la forma turgida elles sont plus courtes, plus appliquées

au thalle, ayant l’aspect plutdt de tubercules que de lobes ou

squamules. I] serait mieux peut-étre d’en faire une forme de

la var. imbricata ; en Vabsence de mes collections, restées en

Russie, je ne suis pas &§ méme de décider cette question.

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee (vide

Tabule Physciw pulverulente).

Loc. Geneva, Hort. botan. (Helvetia).

Physcia pulverulenta, var. lepidota, Mer.

Thallus nudus, griseo-plumbeo-olivaceus, centro squamulis numerosis

nminutis, 0°2-0°3 millim. latis obsitus. Apothecia marginibus

tumidis, rugoso-granulosis foliosisque. Supra corticem juglandis.

Thalle assez grand, nu (trés rarement des traces de pulvéru-

lescence aux extrémités des laciniures), gris plombé olivacé

(pas brun comme dans la var. venusta), laciniures assez larges,

rapprochées, divisées comme dans le type, extrémités finement

céielées-découpées 5 centre du thalle couvert de trés petits

lobules en forme d’écaiiles, environ de 0°2 & 0°3 millim. en

diamétre, rappelant souvent les squamules du Peltigera

leyidophora, parfois aux bords crénelés. Apothécies élevées,

noires, 4 disque plus ou moins pruineux ou nu, mat, bord

épais, rugueux-granuleux, orné au pourtour de lobes thallins

comme dans la var. venusta et parfois aussi des mémes petites

écailles qui recouvrent le centre du thalle.

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabule Physeie pulverulente).

Loc. Geneva, Hort. botan. (Helvetia).

Physcia pulverulenta, var. aquiloides, Mer.

Thallus mediocris, sordide- vel obscure-cervinus, nudus, laciniis

elongatis, angustis, 0°5-1 millim. latis, linearibus, dichotomice

divisis, discretis, nudis, subrugosis, valde convexis ; centro granu-

losus vel minute yerruculosus. Apothecia circiter 1°5 millim,

484 Prof. Dr. C. Mereschkovsky on

lata (1°8 millim. haud superantes), rufo-fusca, nuda vel pruinosa,

foliolis destituta. Supra corticem castanes.

Spec. ortg. In herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabulee Physcie pulverulente).

Loc. Lugano-Vezia (Helvetia italica).

Physcia pulverulenta, var. angustata (Hoffm.), Nyl.,

forma CONVERA, Mer.

Thallus fuseus vel obscure-fuscus, nudus, levis, laciniis subconvevis,

centro levis, haud granulosus. Ad corticem populi.

C’est la forma nuda, Mer. (Hedwigia, 1919, p. 230), a

laciniures un peu, mais constamment, convexes; dans la

forma nuda les laciniures sont planes ou méme un peu concaves,

jamais convexes ; ici elles sont toujours plus ou moins convexes

ce quirapproche cette forme de la var. aqguiloides, ot cependant

le centre du thalle est granuleux, la surface du thalle ru-

guéuse et les Jaciniures plus convexes. Ici le centre du thalle

est tout aussi lisse et uni qu’d la périphérie. La couleur du

thalle brun foncé, par place méme un peu noirdatre, est aussi

trés différente de celle de la var. aquiloides.

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabule Physcte pulverulente).

Loc. Prope Lugano (Helvetia italica).

Physcia pulverulenta, forma elegantella, Mer.

Thallus mediocris, fusco-cinereus, peripherium versus leetior, pallide-

cervinus, nudus, laciniis angustis (circiter 0-4 millim. vel minus

latis), Zinearibus, planis, dichotomice vel palmatim divisis, discretis,

laciniolis terminalibus subpulverulentis. Apothecia parva, circiter

0-6 millim. lata (vel minores); pruinosa, margine tenui, lobulis

haud munita. Ad corticem castanee.

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabula Physcie pulverulente).

Loc. Lugano-Vezia (Helvetia italica).

En réunissant ces formes avec toutes celles que j’ai décrites

ailleurs et en y ajoutant quelques-unes des formes européennes

décrites par d’autres auteurs, on obtient le systeme suivant du

Physcia pulverulenta :—

. Physcia pulverulenta (Schreb.), Nyl.

, forma delicata, Mer.

—— ——, forma granulosa, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 227).

, subforma fruticulosa, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 228).

Oo ho

some new Forms of Lichens. 485

5. Physcia pulverulenta, forma polita, Flot.

6. — , forma rugosa, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 229).

7, —— , forma subvenusta (Nyl.).

8. —— ——, forma turgida (Schaer.), Harm.

9, —— , forma turgidula, Mer.

10. —— , forma venustoides, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 229).

11, —— —-, var. angustata (Hoffm.), Ach.

12, —— —— , forma convera, Mer.

13. —— —— ——_,, forma elegantella, Mer.

14, ——- —— , forma negricans, Miill. Arg. (Classif.).

15, —— —— , forma nuda, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 230).

16. —— , var. aguiloides, Mer.

17, —— , var. argyphea, Ach.

18, —— —— , forma centrofusca, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 230).

19, —— —— , forma granulata, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 281).

20, —— , var, tmbricata, B. de Lesd.

21, —— —— , forma microphyllina, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 231).

22, —— , var. lepidota, Mer.

23. —— ——, var. rufescens, Mer. (Hedw. 1919, p. 231).

24, —— ——, var. subpapillosa, Cromb. Brit. Lich. i.

25, —— ——., var. venusta (Ach.).

Physcta virella (Ach.), Mer., forma dendrilobata, Mer.

Thallus rosulas elegantes formans, laciniis tenuibus, circiter

0-4 millim, latis, elongatis, dendritico- (interdum pinnato-) ra-

mosis, discretis, soraliis minutissimis. Supra corticem fraxini.

Spec. orig. in herb, Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabula Physcie virelle).

Loe. Lugano, via Tesserete (Helvetia italica).

Physcia virella (Ach.), Mer., forma dendrilobata, Mer.,

subforma tenerrima, Mer.

Laciniis tenwissimis, 0°2 millim. latitudine haud superantibus, ssepe

minoribus. Ad corticem fraxini.

Spee. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabula Physcie virelle).

Loc. Lugano, via ‘lesserete (Helvetia italica),

5 )

Physcia hispida (Schreb.), Elenk., forma auriculata, Mer.

Thallus subtus albus; laciniis usque ad 2 millim. latis, awriculato-

cucullatis, rhizinis paucis albidis. Ad ligna, loco aperto.

Spec. ortg. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve,

Loc. Lugano (Helvetia italica).

486 Prof. Dr. C. Mereschkovsky on

Squamaria muralis (Schreb.), Elenk., forma convexiuscula,

Mer. .

Thallus ut in typo, sed apotheciis livido-stramineis, convexvis, mar-

ginibus nullis vel viw ullis. Ad saxa duriores.

Forme curieuse dans laquelle les compartiments ou aréoles

du centre du thalle sont tous transformés en apothécies livides-

verdatres, qui souvent prennent ou plutét conservent la forme

anguleuse des aréoles.

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabula Squamarie muralis).

Loc. Lugano-Prezassona (Helvetia italica).

Squamaria muralis (Schreb.), Elenk., forma granulata, Mer.

Thallus stramineo-albescens, e granulis squamiformibus minutis,

circiter 0°2-0°5 millim, latis, planiusculis compositus, ambitu

passim lobis abbreviatis. Apothecia minutissima, 0-5 millim.,

haud superantes, concava. Ad saxa micaceo-schistosa,

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee (vide

Tabula Squamarie muralis).

Loc. Lugano-Pregassona (Helvetia italica).

Squamaria muralis (Schreb.), Elenk., var. flevuosa, Mer.

Thallus crassiusculus, laciniis flecuosis, mutuo pressione elevatis.

Apothecia elevata, flexuosa vel subflexuosa, disco plano, margine

bene evoluto. Ad tegulas.

Spec. ortg. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabula Sguamarie muralis).

Loc. Chili, legit Montagne.

Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.), Ach., forma dispersa, Mer.

Thallus colore ut in forma typica speciel (glaucescente-virescente),

sed laciniis passim nonnihil magis dissicatis dispersisque, rosulas

haud formantibus. Ad saxa micaceo-schistosa.

La couleur du thalle est ici plutét un peu bleudtre (comme

dans le type) que jaunatre, comme elle l’est dans ma forma

ochroleuca, Mer. Les laciniures, par places plus finement

découpées que dans le type, rappr ochent un peu cette forme de

la var. digitulata, Nyl., quoique cependant la forma dispersa

soit bien différente sous tous les autres rapports.

some new Forms of Lichens. 487

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabula Parmelie consperse).

Loc. Lugano-Savosa (Helvetia italica).

Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.), Ach., var. diffracta, Mer.

Thallus arete adnatus, arcolato-diffractus, areolis minutis, circiter

0°5-0°7 millim. latis, convevis, concretis, laciniis in peripherio vix

ullis. Apothecia quasi ut in typo. Ad saxa duriores.

Spec. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve (vide

Tabula Parmelie consperse).

Loe. Southern Colorado, U.S. America.

Parmelia conspersa (EKhrh.), Ach., var. digttulata, Nyl.,

forma intermedia, Mer.

Thallus isidiis haud instructus vel vix ullis, laciniis superficialibus

minus evolutis et periphericis partim latioribus, ut in forma

typica speciei, partim tenuioribus, ut in var. digitulata. Ad saxa

duriores.

Forme intermédiaire entre cette variété et Vespéce type.

Je l’ai si souvent rencontrée en France (Docelles, Vosges) et

en Suisse (Lugano) que j’ai la conviction que nous avons 1a,

une unité systématique distincte.

Spec. orig. (1) in herb. C. Mereschkovsky, Kazani, e Gallia

(Docelles), sub alt. nomine asservat., (2) in herb, Conserva-

torii botanici Genevee (e Lugano).

Loc. Gallia: Docelles (Vosges) ; Helvetia italica (Lugano).

Parmelia conspersa (Khrh.), Ach., var. ¢stdiata (Anzi), Mer.,

forma heteroclyta, Mer.

Lhallus glaucescenti-virescens (ut in typo speciei), centro isidiis, ut

in var. isidiata et lobulis tenuiter dissectis, ut in var. digitulata,

intermixtis. Ad saxa granitica.

C’est une espéce d’ “hybride” des deux variétés. J’ai

trouvé cette forme dans une localité de Lugano (Massagno)

sur un mur en pierres granitiques a l’état pur et en si grande

quantité (on aurait pu en avoir pour 25 parts identiques) que

pour moi il n’y a pas de doute que ce ne soit une unité

systématique distincte.

Spec. orig. (1) in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee Ge

Tabula Parmelie consperse), (2) in herb. Londini (Brit.

Mus.), (3) in herb. Parisii (Muséum), (4) in herb. Cambridge,

Harv. Univ. (U.S. Am.), (5) in herb. Univ. Upsale.

Loc. Lugano-Massagno (Helvetia italica).

488 Prof. Dr. C. Mereschkovsky on

Le Parmelia conspersa est aussi tres riche en formes et

variétés. Hn voici une liste qui est loin d’étre compléte :—

1. Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.), Ach. Voir pour le type la Tabula

du Consery. botan. d. Genéve contenant cette espéce.

2. , forma dispersa, Mer.

3. —— ——, forma hypoclista (Nyl.), Mer.

4, ———- ——, forma imbricata (Mass.), Mer. (Massal. Lich. it. exs.

p- 167).

5, —— , forma ochroleuca, Mer. (Additam. ad Lich. Ross. ii.

Annuaire d. Conserv. et Jard. bot. d. Gen. vol. xxii.).

6, —— , forma vaga, Mer. (Bull. Soc. bot. Genéve, 1918, p. 26).

7. —— —, forma vaya magna, Mer. (Bull. Soc. bot. Genéve,

1918, p. 34).

8. —— ——, var. digitulata, Nyl. (Mereschk. Lich. Crim.).

9, —— —— , forma intermedia, Mer.

10, —— ——, var. isidiata (Anzi), Mer.

11, —— —— , forma heteroclyta, Mer.

12, —— — , forma lusttana (Nyl.), Harm.

13, —— ——, var. stenophylla, Ach.

14, —— — , forma georgiana, Ach.

15, —— ——, var. subconspersa (Nyl.), Oliv.

16. —— , var. verruciyera (Nyl.), Harm.

Anaptychia ciliaris (L.), Koerb., forma helianthus, Mer.

Apothecia 8-5 millim. lata, ceesio-pruinosa, margine laciniis thallinis

z-1'5 millim. longis (vel minoribus) et circiter 0-3—0-4 millim.

latis, sepe linearibus, canaliculatis, simplicibus vel passim sub-

divisis, convexis. Ad corticem arborum.

Les lobes plus courts et souvent entiers distinguent cette

f.rme de la forma actinota en donnant aux apothécies, par la

régularité de la disposition des lobes, l’aspect d’une fleur de

tournesole.

Spee. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve.

Loc. Canton Genéve, Cointrin, leg. J. Rome, 1882

(Helvetia).

Anaptychia ciliaris (L.), Koerb., forma submarginata, Mer.

Apothecia 4-7 millim. lata, nuda vel leviter pruinosa, vel czsio-

pruinosa, margine tenui, circiter 0-2—-0-3 (vel rarius 0°4) millim.

erasso, integro vel leviter crenulato, interdum subevanescente. Ad

corticem arborum.

Le peu de développement du rebord thallin des apothécies

est le caractéristique de cette forme.

Spec. ortg. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Genevee.

Loc. Vevey (Canton Vaud, Helvetia), legit Cavin; Voirons

prope Geneva (Helvetia), leg. J. Rome ; Italia, in provincia

Veronensi (leg. Massalongo) ; Gallia: Rambovillers.

some new Forms of Lichens. 489

Cetraria hiascens (Fr.), Th. Fr., forma delicatula, Mer.

Syn. Cetraria Delisei, Bor. in Norrlin et Nylander, Herb. Lich. Fenn.

no. 108 a,

Thallus laciniis precipue apicem versus tenwiortbus (0°5 millim.

latit. et seepe minus), obseurior fuscescens. Supra terram in

sphagneto.

Loc. Fennia: Tavastia (Rossia),

Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.), forma nivalis, Mer.

Thallus albus. Ad saxa duriores supra muros.

Différe du type qui a toujours le thalle un peu grisatre par

la couleur d’un blane de neige de son thalle. Surun mur en

pierres dures, cété du nord.

Spee. orig. in herb. Conservatorii botanici Geneve.

Loc. Veyzier, prope Geneva.

Dermatocarpon aquaticum, Weiss., var. nervosum, Mer.

Thallus subtus niger vel fusco-nigrescens, reticulato-nervosus.

Une nervure trés proéminente imitant, & s’y méprendre, la

nervure typique des plantes dicoty lédonées, avec i distinction

nette des nervures principales et secondaires, recouvre la face

inférieure du thalle qui est toujours trés foncée, ordinairement

noire.

Spee. ortg. in herb, Conservatoril botanici Geneve.

Loc. Lacus Blantsin (Helvetia).

Biatora kreyert, Mer.

C’est le lichen qui a été décrit par Kreyer (“ Contributio

ad fl. lichen. gub. Mohilevensis,” nee Horti Petropolit. 1913,

p. 338) sous le nom de Biatora areclata, Kreyer (nomen jam

ante adhibitum).

Spec. orig. in herb, cryptog. Horti Petropolit.

Loc. Rossia, gubern. Mohilev.

Un nombre considérable de nouvelles espéces, variétés et

formes ont été récemment décrites dans mon _ ouvrage

“ Schedule ad Lichenes ticinenses exsiccatos ” in ‘ Annuaire

du Conservatoire et du Jardin botaniques de Geneve,’ vol. xxi.

1919, pp. 145-216. Pritre d’effacer & la p. 207 la var.

arenicola, Mer., de l Omphalaria pulvinata qui n’est que le

Pyrenopsis pulvinata, Harmand, Lich. de France, p. 41

(syn. Pyrenopsis hemalea, Ny Be,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 33

490 Bibliographical Notices.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

A Handbook of British Mosquitoes. By Witt1am Dickson Lana.

Pp. 125 & pls. iv. London: printed by Order of the Trustees

of the British Museum. 1920.

Tats Handbook gives an account of the twenty-one species of

mosquito inhabiting the british Islands, illustrated by 132 excellent

text-figures and 5 coloured plates; the latter represent the females

of Anopheles maculipennis (the common malaria-conveying mosquito

of Europe), bifurcatus, and plumbeus, and Ochlerotatus caspius and

nemorosus. Nine genera are enumerated, and the earlier stages, as

well as the imago, of most of the species are described and figured

in detail. A. maculipennis, it may be observed, is stated to be

abundant in Britain, wherever breeding conditions are suitable, and

the larva has even been found in brackish-water dykes on the coast

of Kent.

The price charged for the Handbook is unfortunately high, due

to the great cost of illustrations and printing at the present time,

and this may to some extent restrict the sale of a very useful

publication.

Barbados-Antiqua Expedition.—Narrative and Preliminary Report

of a Zoological Expedition from the University of Iowa to the

Lesser Antilles under the auspices of the Graduate College. By

Prof. C. C. Nurrine. University of Iowa Studies in Natural

History. Vol. VIII. No. 3. Iowa City: year of publication not

given [? 1920], Preface dated May 5th, 1919. Pp. 274 & pls. 1.

Tis work, as stated in the Preface, is intended as a companion

volume to the ‘ Narrative and Preliminary Report of the Bahama

Expedition from the State University of Lowa,’ published in 1895.

The islands visited by the present expedition were St. Thomas,

St. Croix, St. Kitts, Antigua, Dominica, and Barbados, and head-

quarters were made on Pelican Island, off the coast of Barbados,

and English Harbour, Antigua. These Lesser Antilles were found

to be a much poorer field than the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Florida

Keys, and the amount of dredging that could be done in water over

100 fathoms deep was much less; hence the deep-sea novelties

were by no means so conspicuous as those described in the Reports

of the Bahama Expedition. Notes on the zoology, geology, and

botany of Antigua are given on pp. 174-223, a few insects (Lepi-

doptera and Hemiptera) being mentioned by Mr. D. Stoner. The

work is illustrated by a sketch-map and forty-nine extremely good

photographic plates. The collections made have been placed in the

hands of specialists, and doubtless will be dealt with by them in

subsequent Reports.

Furniture-beetles, their Life-history, and how to check or prevent the

damage caused by the Worm. By Cuartns J. Ganan, D.Sc.

British Museum (Natural History): Economic Series, No. 11.

1920.

Tuts very useful illustrated pamphlet of twenty-four pages, issued

at the extremely low price of 6d., contains an account of the five

Geological Society. 491

beetles attacking furniture, and of the methods of prevention and

control. The beetles are, Anobium punctatum (the egg, larva,

imago, and sections of wood showing the holes made by the larva,

are shown, either on the plate or in text-figures), Ptilinus pectini-

cornis, Xestobium rufovillosum (the larva of which has done so much

damage to the roof of Westminster Hall), Lyctus brunneus, and

Lyctus linearis, the chief culprit being Anobium punctatum. The

methods of dealing with their attacks are grouped under three

headings :—(1) Treatment by heat, (2) Fumigation with a gas or

vapour, (3) Treatment by the application of a liquid.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

April 21st, 1920.—Mr. R. D. Oldhan, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘The Cambrian Horizons of Comley (Shropshire), and their

Brachiopoda, Pteropoda, Gasteropoda, etc.’ By Edgar Sterling

Cobbold, F.G.S.

As the study of the Comley Cambrian fossils proceeded, it

became apparent that the several faunas (sketched out in 1911 on

the evidence of the trilobites!) and their order of appearance may

prove to be of more than local interest. The Author consequently

proposes names for the horizons, based on their fossil contents, to

replace those used in his previous publications, which were often

clumsy and only of local origin, though necessary until the fossils

were better known.

Table I of the paper gives the names now proposed, together

with those previously used, notes on the principal lithological

characters of the beds, and such correlations as are at present

possible. The Comley Sandstone Series includes beds of Lower

Cambrian and Middle Cambrian age up to an equivalent of the

Paradoxides-forchammert Zone, and is overlain by a group of

shales belonging to the Upper Cambrian.

The horizons now recognized and their possible correlations are

as follows :—

Index

Hetten: Correlation Notes.

Names propesed,

UpprER CAMBRIAN.

Orusia Shale. Ca. O. lenticularis Beds, Scandinavia

and North Wales.

MIDDLE CAMBRIAN.

Billingsella Beds. IBC: P. forchammeri Zone, Scandinavia.

( P. davidis Beds, Scandinavia, North

Paradowides-davidis Flags. Bb.5. < and South Wales in part.

(Upper davidis fauna, Nuneaton.

' See E. S. Cobbold, Q. J. G. S. vol. Ixvii, pp. 282 et seqq.

492 Geological Society.

Names proposed. Foe Correlation Notes.

P. rugulosus Sandstone. Bb. 4. Lower davidis fauna, Nuneaton.

Unexplored interval of Bb. 3. (?) Hartshillia fauna, Nuneaton.

no exposure.

Shaly division. Bb. 2. P. hicksi Zone, Scandinavia.

P. intermedius Grit. Bb. 1. P. hicksi fauna, Nuneaton.

Dorypyge-lakei Flags. ee P. elandicus Zone, Scandinavia

A shaly group. Ba. 2. Pi 1 Shal = tly +. N t ;

P. groomi Grits. Ba, 1. bomarhet Mirai Nich get casi ef)

Lowzir CAMBRIAN.

Lapworthella Limestone. Ad.

: i Purley Shale, in part, Nuneaton.

Protolenus LBRO SS 1000 Ac. 5.) Protolenus Zone, New Brunswick.

Strenuella Limestone Ae. 4. | North Attleborough Beds, Massa-

Microdiscus-bellimarginatus i chusetts.

Limestone. Ac. 3. )} Callavia Beds of Manuel’s Brook

Olenellus Limestone of | (Newfoundland).

Lapworth. Ac. 2. Camp Hill Quartzite, Nuneaton

(After Lapworth.)

Callavia Sandstone. Ac.

-J

eI ts SEE Da Be ( Tattle Hill Quartnite enoutas

Holmia Sandstone. Ab. 3." } ¢ (after Lapworth).

Aveandatonotdi vicina Ab. 2. 7 Hollybush Sandstone, Malvern.

Obolella-groomi Beds. Ab.

Malvern Quartzite.

Wrekin Quartzite. 7 Aa. Park Hill Quartzite, Nuneaton

ibs (after Lapworth).

After describing the brachiopoda, pteropoda, gasteropoda, and

a few ostracoda, the Author supplies lists of all the fossils known

to him, with the various horizons in ascending sequence, thus

giving their order of appearance in the Comley area.

The first fauna to appear is one comparable with that of the

Hollybush Sandstone of Malvern.

A‘second fauna in Horizon Ab 3 seems indicated by a species

referred provisionally to Holmia. A third fauna, divisible into

five sub-faunas, occurs in Horizons Ac 1 to Ac 5: that is, in beds

associated with the Olenel/us Limestone of Comley Quarry. The

brachiopoda, ete. accentuate the divergences of the sub-faunas

and include 19 hitherto undescribed species—6 of brachiopoda,

8 of pteropoda, and 5 of gasteropoda.

A fourth fauna appears in Horizon Ad. This horizon, a

part of the well-known Black Limestone of Comley, marks the

dividing-line between the Lower and the Middle Cambrian, and

occurs again in the Wrekin district.

An unconformity cuts out any further sequence, and brings in

the Paradoxides Beds, in which a new species of Acrothyra

occurs.

The succeeding five faunas are indicated in the correlations

given above, the evidence for the correlation of some 4 feet of beds

at the top of the sandstone series of Comley with the Paradowides-

forchammert Zone being supplied by seven or eight species of

brachiopoda.

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LVIUI.—Papers on Oriental Carabida.—

By H. EK. ANDREWES.

HELLUONINI.

Genus Macrocuizrvs AND A NEW GENUS.

I was hoping to deal in this paper with all the Hastern

genera of this group, but there are difficulties at present in

identifying the species of the genus Omphra, and I confine

myself therefore to describing some new species of the genus

Maerochilus and also a new genus and species.

The genus Macrochilus was indicated by Hope in his

‘ Coleopterist’s Manual,’ and hitherto seven Oriental species

have been described. To these I am adding four new ones.

I have included Bates’s M/. infuscatus in my “ Catalogue of

Species,” but its author hardly regarded it as distinet from

M. tr imaculaius, Oliv., and I have omitted it from the “ Table

of Species.”

In describing his AZ. nigrotibial’s in 1900 (Abh. Mus.

Dresd. ix. 5, p. 3), Dr. Heller gave a table ef the Asiatic

species of the genus, and enumerated ten of them: of these,

two (dorsalis, Klug, and seapulart is, Klug) are African species,

one (distactus, Wied.) is a Creagris, and one (tripustulatus, F.)

belongs to the genus Pheropsophus.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 34

494 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.

Very little seems to be known of the early stages and life-

history of these insects, but the larva of Creagris labrosa,

Nietn., has been described and figured by Schaum (Berl. ent.

Zeit. 1864, p. 116). Mr. T. G. Sloane (whose important

paper on the Helluonini in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1914,

should be read by anyone studying the group) tells us that

the species of some Australian genera (not Macrochilus) are

found under the bark of trees, others having terrestrial habits.

One South-African species of Macrochilus, as Father O'Neil

of Salisbury informs me, has certainly been taken under bark,

and both he and Mr. C. N. Barker of Durban have records

sowing that other species come to light in the evening. In

India I have seen many examples of I/. trimaculatus, Oliv.,

e ming to light; my note on them reads “ always at light,

they fly into the room and settle at once, without any fluttering

around.” I have other records showing that specimens have

been taken under stones and on grass.

In the species of this genus there is considerable variation

in the buccal organs, the structural characters of the body

being fairly constant. Thus, the ligula is generally emar-

ginate in front, but sometimes straight (dmpictus) and some-

times arcuate (vitalis?). ‘The labrum is sexsetose, but the sete

are arranged in various ways. The tooth of the mentum is

sometimes glabrous, sometimes setose. The form of the palpi

also varies a good deal, and the penultimate joint of the labial

palpi is sometimes bisetose, sometimes plurisetose. I have

made use of most of these characters in an attempt to

differentiate the species.

I propose to give first a fresh description of the genus,

then a catalogue of the species, followed by a dichotomic

table, and, finally, descriptions of the new species. I have also

added a few notes on some of the old species, which I thought

might be of use.

Generic Characters.

Ligula fairly wide, deeply impressed at sides on under

surface for reception of the squama palpigera, from which

results a more or less well-developed longitudinal keel, which

disappears or forks about middle and is succeeded by a central

channel to near apex ; at least one pair of setee towards apex

aud sometimes others along sidés of channel. Paraglosse

present (in all species I have dissected), rudimentary, mem-

bianous, whitish in colour, shorter than ligula and attached

to it at base (generally visible only after dissection, and then

from above). MMazille with a row of stout setee on inner

margin, apex smooth, hooked, and sharp. Palpi stout and

eee

re a i a ae a ET

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 495

rather short, of varying form, apical joint often dilated, pen-

ultimate joint of labials bi- or plurisetose. Mentum deeply

emarginate, with a long slender tooth, lobes also sharp, elon-

gate, and nearly always a little longer than tooth, base (and

generally also surface) of tooth setose, epilobes narrow.

Labrum porrect, smooth and shiny, sexsetose, generally

rather pointed in front, with rounded apex. Mandibles short

and wide, more or less toothed near base, sharp at apex, outer

sides minutely setose at base, a row of sete along and within

upper margin of scrobe (in all species dissected), a longitudinal

ridge running along the underside, parallel with inner margin

and generally densely fringed with minute setae. <Antennce

reaching approximately middle of body, closely pubescent

from joint 5, joint 4 more pubescent than 1-8, joints generally

flattened towards apex, the apical joint longer than the

preapical ones and rounded at extremity; joint 2 sometimes

constricted near base; joints 5-11 with a narrow smooth

median channel alone the middle of each flattened side.

Head with two supraorbital sete, anteunee arising beneath

frontal plates, eyes prominent, enclosed behind by more or

less dilated gene. Prothorax truncate-cordiform, middle ot

base produced (as in Lelia, though to a less extent), two

tactile setez on each side, one just before middle, the other at

hind angle (owing to the general pubescence these are not

always easily seen). Hlytra with base bordered at sides

only, flat, shortly pedunculate, stria 8 almost obsolete, interval

8 usually wide, 9 with a hardly interrupted row of umbilicate

pores, both 8 and 9 closely and irregularly punctate, apex

truncate, with a membranous margin, pygidium and generally

part of propygidium uncovered (I cannot detect any specialized

seize on interval 3). Metepisterna elongate and very narrow.

Tarsi pubescent above, joint 4 emarginate; front tarsi ¢ with

four joints hardly dilated, with two rows of small scales

beneath,

The whole body and its members coarsely punctate and

pubescent, the only glabrous parts being the labrum, middle

of frout (more or less), and generally the middle of head

beneath and of sterna. Wings are present.

Catalogue of Species.

Macrocuitvs, Hope, Col. Man. ii. 1888, p. 166; Schmidt-Goebel, Faun.

Col. Birm. 1846, p. 64; Lacordaire, Gen. Col. 1854, p.93; Schaum,

Berl. ent. Zeit. 1863, p. 80; Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc. 1877, ii. p. 247 ;

Sloane, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1914, p. 670.

34*

496 Mr. TH. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidze.

Syn. Helluo * (part), Dejean, Spec. Gen. i. 1825, p. 283.

Acanthoyenius, Reiche, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1842, p. 3.

astericus (Acanthogenius), White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. 1844,

p. 422; Chand. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1872, p. 172; Bates, Ann. Mus,

Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 389; Andr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1919, p. 180=

crucifer, Redt. Reis. Novar., Zool. ii. 1867, Col. p. 4, t. ii. fig. 3.

Hong Kong, ? Burma, ? Assam.

bensoni, Hope=trimaculatus, Oliv.

bicolor, sp. nu. 8. India.

chaudoiri, Andr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1919, p. 180=¢trvmaculatus,

Chaud. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1872, p. 171; Bates, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr.

1889, p. 280; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 390.

India, Indo-China.

crucifer (Planetes), Redt.=astericus, White.

immanis, sp. n. Burma.

impictus (Helluo), Wied. Zool. Mag. ii. 1, 1823, p.49; Dej. Spec. Gen. i.

1825, p. 287. India.

infuscatus (Acanthogenius), Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ, Gen. 1892, p. 389.

Var. of trimaculatus, Oliv. Burma.

niger, sp. n. India.

nigrotibialis, Heller, Abh. Mus. Dresd. ix. 5, 1900, p. 3. Sumatra.

quadrimaculatus (Helluo), Guér.=trimaculatus, Oliv.

quadripustulatus, Schm.-Goeb.= trimaculatus, Oliv.

trimaculatus (Carabus), Oliv. Enc. Méth., Ins. ii. 1790, p. 347, t. clxxix.

fig, 11; id. Hut, iii. 35. p. 88, t. vil. fig. 85; Andr. Trans, Ent. Soc.

Lond. 1919, p. 129= Bensont, Hope, Col. Man. ii. 1838, p. 166, t. i.

fig. 5; Bates, Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 389; Andr. Trans. Kot.

Soc. Lond. 1919, pp. 176 & 202=quadrimaculatus, Guér. Rey. Zool.

1840, p. 88; Chaud. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1872, p. 212=tripustulatus,

Guér. (not Dej.), Voy. Deless. ii. 1848, p. 84=quadripustulatus,

Schm.-Goeb. Faun. Col. Birm. 1846, p. 65=tripustulatus, Redt. (not

Pheropsophus, F.)., Reis. Novar., Zool. ii. 1867, Col. p. 4.

India, Ceylon, Burma, Penang, Indo-China, 8. China, Hong Kong.

trimaculatus (Acanthogenius), Chaud.=chaudoizi, Andy.

tripustulatus (Helluo), Dej. (uot Pheropsophus, F.) Spec, Gen. i. 1825,

p- 286; Chaud. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1872, p. 212; Andy. Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond, 1919, p. 124. Java.

tripustulatus (Helluo), Guer. (not Dej.)=trimaculatus, Oliv.

tripustuiatus, Redt. (not Pheropsophus, F.) =trimaculatus, Oliv.

Vitalisi, sp. u. China, Borneo, Indo-China.

Table of Species.

1 (6) Labrum with sete all placed obviously on

upper surface. Colour of elytra black,

with a single yellowish median spot on

eavuh.

2 (3) Front margin of clypeus without a row of fine

hairs, tooth of mentum with several sete

along sides, Length 26mm.}.......... emmanis, sp. 1.

* Names, both of genera and species, in italics are synonyms.

+ The measurements given are those of an average specimen.

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 497

3 (2).-Front margin of clypeus with a row of fine

hairs, tooth of mentum without set at

sides. Length 14-17 mm.

VG Danes caters 8 6 me maths ¢ Bosca ane niger, sp. 0.

(4). Intervals on front half of elytra closely punc-

erp TAR TTS spel coches c, Ws vy Sie She, cares astericus.

6 (1). Labrum with sete generally on margin, the

two apical ones sometimes placed beneath

margin. Colour of elytra piceous.

7 (8). Labrum with intermediate seta on each side

distant from margin, penultimate joint of

labial palpi strongly dilated inwards, each

élytron with a single median yellowish

SWORE ae ihemay eis artoste SA AE eae ... vitahs, sp. n-

maculate, or with two spots on each, one

median and one apical.

9 (16). Front of ligula more or less emarginate, elytra

spotted.

10 (11). Penultimate joint of labial palpi plurisetose,

gene sloping gently to neck, tooth of

mentum with a few setiferous pores.

BengtheloO mime tse st. «3 Syagere

11 (10). Penultimate joint of labial palpi bisetose,

gene contracted suddenly to neck. Length

90-150 mm.

12 (13). Tooth of mentum with a few setiferous pores,

puncturation of elytra very irregular to-

wards apex (at all events on even in-

tervals), head obviously narrower than

prothorax. Length 150mm. .......... trimaculatus.

18 (12). Tooth of mentum without setiferous pores,

puncturation of elytra practically regular

to apex, head and prothorax of approxi-

mately same width. Length 9:0 mm.

tripustulatus.

14. (15). Tibice testactous .. 26.8. ts ec see sce e ess chaudoire.

aT lle: ) ald Bey 223] 311200) Cs Cap oa alr cle NR Ree ua nigrotibialis *,

16 (9). Front of ligula not emarginate, elytra im-

maculate.

17 (18). Ligula rectangular in front, wide, penultimate

joint of labial palpi plurisetose, colour

piceaus. “length 15:Omm. .. 2%... 1... enprctus.

* JT have included this species in the table, but I have not seen the

type; a good many of the characters used in the table are not mentioned

in the description, so that its position is a matter of hypothesis, It is

said, however, to be closely allied to M. chaudoirt.

498 Mr. TH. BW. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

18 (17). Ligula rounded in front, penultimate joint of

labial palpi bisetose, head and prothorax

red, elytra piceous, but with a faint bluish

tinge. Length 65 mm...............++ bicolor, sp. n.

Macrochilus immanis, sp. n.

Length 24-26 mm. ; width 7°5-8°5 mm.

Black ; elytra each with a large median dull orange spot,

a very faint spot on the median smooth area of vertex, apex

of palpi and front trochanters dull red, hind margin of ventral

segments (except last one) testaceous. Body coarsely pubes-

cent throughout (except where otherwise indicated) but

shiny, pubescence at apex of tibize and on underside of tarsi

yellow-red.

Head (4-5 mm. wide) rather flat, very coarsely punctate,

neck and a small] area on vertex smooth, gene sloping gently

to neck; ligula rather narrow, slightly emarginate at apex,

hollowed out above with a median carina ; on under surface

with four or five pairs of setee along sides of median ridge

and channel ; tooth of mentum bordered, shorter than side-

lobes, with five setiferous pores along each side, lobes with a

narrow epilobe ; labial palpi small, penultimate bisetose (but

with some additional minute hairs), maxillary palpi large,

last joint widening gradually to apex, where it is as thick as

joint 1 of antennee ; labrum with equidistant setee, all on

upper surface, nearly parallel at base, contracted to a rounded

point in front, faintly depressed at sides of base; antenne

uearly reaching middle of body, joint 1 long and thick, the

rest subequal, but 3, 4, and 11 are a little longer than the

others.

Prothorax hardly wider than head and very little wider

than long, widest at a fourth from apex, moderately convex,

front angles quite rounded, sides with a fine border, rounded

in front, sinuate near hind angles, which are sharp, strongly

reflexed, and project a little laterally, sides of base oblique

and emarginate ; surface coarsely but not very closely punc-

tate, median line very faint, but there is a depressed area

surrounding it, and the transverse impressions and basal foveee

are all strongly marked.

Elytra elongate, parallel, twice as long as wide, basal area

deeply depressed, forming a short peduncle, punctate-striate,

intervals rather flat, a row of punctures along the sides of each

stria, but these are not quite evenly disposed and become

more irregular towards apex, interval 8 twice as wide as the

others; orange-coloured spots placed just before middle,

nearly square, covering intervals 2-7.

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 499

Underside of head and middle of meso- and metasterna

more or less smooth, metepisterna exceptionally long and

narrow. Fourth joint of tarsi deeply emarginate, almost

bilobed—indeed, the species might be put into the genus

Creagris quite as appropriately as into Macrochilus.

Burma: Taung-ngu (G. Q. Corbett), 2 ex. My collection.

Macrochilus niger, sp. n.

Length 16-17 mm. ; width 5°5-6°0 mm.

Black, rather dull ; elytra each with a median orange spot,

apex of palpi reddish. Body coarsely pubescent, hairs on

underside of tarsi dark brown.

Head (2°5 mm. wide) moderately convex, very coarsely

punctate (except front, which has only a few punctures), neck

smooth, genz sloping gently to neck; frontal fovee and

clypeal suture strongly marked, clypeus slightly emarginate

in front, with a row of small closely placed setiferous punc-

tures; labrum with all sete on upper surface, narrowed in

front, sides parallel at base, with a short impressed longitu-

dinal furrow on each side; labial palpi small, penultimate

joint plurisetose, last joint of maxillaries elongate-triangular,

slightly flattened, a little shorter than joint 1 of antenne;

antenng hardly reaching middle of body, joint 1 longest and

thickest, 2 half as long, remainder nearly equal, but 3 a little

longer than the others; mandibles short and very sharp, with

a rounded tooth at base ; tooth of mentum nearly as long as

lobes, with only one setiferous pore on each side at base, both

tooth and lobes very long and sharp, epilobes well marked,

with upper margin sinuate; ligula not very wide, apex

faintly emarginate, deeply depressed at sides of base beneath,

three sete on each side along outer margin of median channel.

Prothorax slightly convex, transverse, hardly wider than

head, half as wide againas long, widest at a fourth from apex,

sides rounded in front, sinuate at some little distance from

base; front angles rounded, hind angles obtuse and a little

reflexed, base slightly but widely produced in middle, the

sides distinctly emarginate; median line faint, transverse

impressions and basal foveew well marked, surface a little

uneven, very coarsely and confluently punctate.

Elytra elongate, parallel, nearly twice as long as wide,

basal area deeply depressed, shoulders square, evenly but

brusquely rounded behind, border at base almost dentate over

interval 6, where the depressed area commences ; punctate-

striate, with moderately convex intervals, flatter on disk and

towards apex, a row of punctures along each stria, but this

500 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

puncturation is very irregular, especially towards apex ;

interval 8 wider than the others and quite irregularly punc-

tate, umbilicate punctures on 9 very irregularly disposed

behind shoulder ; orange-coloured spot transverse, placed

just before middle, covering intervals 3-7, the colour on 5

projecting slightly both before and behind. Underside of

head with only a few punctures; mesosternum smooth;

metepisterna very narrow.

Closely allied to UZ astericus, White, but with a transverse

instead of a cruciform spot on the elytra. Head a good deal

wider, genze longer and more conspicuous, prothorax narrower,

sides more rounded in front, more sinuate behind, sides of ~

base more emarginate and the hind angles sharper (but the

form of the hind angles is a little variable, and they are

blunter in the type than in some other specimens), intervals

of elytra more or less smooth and shiny in middle, at least

over front half (in JZ. astericus the whole surface is punctate

and sometimes even rugose in front).

Nilgiri Hills: Ouchterlony Valley, August, 3000'-3500/

“in planting pit (tea) ” (ZZ. L. Andrewes), 2 ex.—My collec-

tion (type).

Malabar, Coimbatore, 3 ex.—British Museum. ;

Bengal: Giridih ; Madras: Vizagapatam; Bombay: N.

Kanara, Castle Rock (S. W. Kemp), 3 ex.—Indian Museum.

Bengal: Pusa, 1 ex.—Pusa Agric. Res. Inst.

United Provinces: W. Dehra Dun, Jhajra (V. S. Lyer),

1 ex.—Forest Res. Inst. .

Central Provinces: Nagpur, 1000’ (#. A. D’ Abreu), 1 ex.

—Nagpur Mus.

Maerochilus astericus, White.

Length 14°5 mm.

This species has already been described twice ; it is very

closely allied to M4. niger described above, and I have already

pointed out the differences which exist at the end of my

description of that species.

Macrochilus vitalisi, sp. n.

Length 12°5-14°0 mm. ; width 3°75 mm.

Piceous; a median spot on each elytron, labrum, joint 1 of

antennse, and femora testaceous, mouth-parts, rest of legs,

and antenne brownish.

Head (2°40 mm. wide) moderately convex, coarsely but

not closely punctate, genee large, sloping gently to neck ;

ligula rather small, nearly rectangular, but with front margin

Mr. H. B. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 501

rounded, a pair of setee beneath near margin, another pair

further back near middle, paraglosse about two-thirds as long

as ligula; tooth and lobes of mentum long, narrow, and

pointed, tooth setose on outer margin, with a few irregularly

disposed sete on surface, epilobes visible on lower half of

inner side of lobes; labial palpi with penultimate joint short,

strongly dilated within, bisetose on apex of dilated part, last

joint cylindrical, rounded at apex, a little longer than pen-

ultimate, maxillaries stout, antepenultimate contracted at

extremities, obliquely suleate on underside ; antennz stout,

joint 1=2+43, 2 to 11 approximately equal, clypeus emar-

ginate, labrum with equidistant sete, front and hind ones on

margin, middle one at a little distance from margin,

Prothorax transverse, a little wider than head, sides mode-

rately rounded in front, sinuate behind, hind angles right,

sides of base oblique but straight, median line well marked on

disk, basal foveee deep, surface coarsely but not very closely

punctate, less coarsely than head.

Elytra elongate-parallel, punctate-striate, a row of punc-

tures on each side of striw, which become irregular close to

apex only, intervals 8 and 9 closely and irregularly punctate,

testaceous spot round, covering intervals 3-7.

Superficially resembling MZ. trimaculatus, Oliv., but smaller

and without the common apieal spot, regular puncturation of

elytra continued to near apex, prothorax narrower, gence less

sharply contracted to neck ; mentum, palpi, and ligula widely

different.

China, 2 ex. HE. Borneo: Moorjawa, Sanga Sanga (JZ. D.

Jensen), 1 ex.—British Museum.

Laos: Ban Houei, lex. Tonkin: Hoabinh, 1 ex. (R. Vi-

talis de Salvaza).

The type (China) is in the British Museum.

Macrochilus tripustulatus, De}.

Length 15°0 mm.

Chaudoir has pointed out some of the differences between

this species and WM, trémaculatus, Oliv. These consist in the

larger and wider head, larger (and I may add much more

gently sloping) gene, smaller and less projecting eyes, shorter,

thicker, and almost moniliform antennz, and coarser punctu-

ration ; prothorax wider, shorter, more coarsely punctate,

hind angles rather more rounded ; elytra hardly differing.

Joints of tarsi shorter and wider. Colour of mouth-parts,

Hoag labrum, ventral surface, and legs (except femora)

darker.

502 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Ordental Carabide.

I may add one or two further characters, though I have

unfortunately seen only one example (in the British Museum),

and consequently have not been able to dissect the buccal

organs. Ligula with two sete beneath, not far ftom apex ;

palpi much stouter than in tr/maculatus, Oliv., but not dilated

at apex, penultimate of labials plurisetose; labrum more

pointed and curving downwards at apex, the two apical sete

(quite abraded in the specimen before me) evidently small,

and placed close together almost on the under surface ; joints

2-6 of antenne approximately equal (rest wanting), but 3

is slightly longer than the others ; tooth of mentum with a

number of irregularly disposed setiferous pores.

Maerochilus trimaculatus, Oliv.

Length 15°0 mm.

This, the commonest Eastern species in the genus, has

been described several times. The ligula is wide, thick,

slightly emarginate at apex, hardly channelled beneath, with

one or two minute sete only on under surface. Mentum with

tooth sharper and a little shorter than lobes, the tooth with

some irregularly disposed sete behind and two or three along

margins near base, epilobes narrow. Maxille densely ciliate

within. Palpi truncate at apex; labials with apical joint

slightly dilated and a little longer ean penultimate, which is

bisetose ; maxillaries with 1=3, 2 about half that length,

apieal joint a little dilated. Labrum rounded, a scta on each

side at about middle, a smaller pair on front margin, and a

minute pair just beneath margin at apex.

Macrochilus chaudoirt, Andr.

Length 10:0 mm.

In this species the surface is less closely punctate than in

its allies, and the form narrower, middle of front smooth,

gene reaching neck rather abruptly, prothorax with sides of

base oblique but almost straight, the median part of the body

beneath almost smooth.

Ligula widened and thickened in front, emarginate,

glabrous except for a pair of sete at each side of apex

beneath. Mentum with tooth a little shorter than lobes,

tooth glabrous, but a seta on each side at base, epilobes very

narrow. Maxille short, with few but strong spines along

inner margin. Palpi truncate at apex ; last. two joints of

labials about equal, penultimate bisetose, apical somewhat

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 503

dilated, triangular; in the maxillaries the antepenultimate=

apical, which is triangularly dilated, as in the labials, pen-

ultimate about half as long. Antenne with joint 1 large,

eylindrical=11, 2 about half that length, the remainder

increasing gradually in length to apex. Labrum rounded in

front, hardly pointed, the four inner sete very small, placed

close together at apex, the middle pair being just on the

under surface.

Macrochilus impictus, Wied.

Length 15:0 mm. ; width 4°5 mm.

Piceous ; mouth-parts (including labrum), joint 1 of an-

tennze, legs, and ventral surface testaceous, margin of pro-

thorax brown. Head with front depressed, gence large and

sloping. Prothorax rather flat, sides strongly rounded in

front, hind angles projecting sideways and reflexed, but not

very sharp, produced part of base wide, sides emarginate.

Elytra immaculate, depressed just before middle, punctures

on intervals quite irregularly disposed. Proepisterna smooth,

nearly impunctate. Ligula wide, rectangular, with two pairs

of sete beneath near front margin, which is straight, and

another pair further back on sides of channel. Maxille

dilated in middle and sharply contracted to apex. Palpi

rather obliquely truncate at apex; labials with penultimate

joint plurisetose, rather longer than apical, which is short,

setose, and triangularly dilated; maxillaries setose, ante-

penultimate longest, apical only a little longer than pen-

ultimate, and dilated, as in labials. Mentum with narrow

elongate lobes and tooth, latter but little shorter than lobes,

and bearing a number of long irregularly disposed sete,

epilobes very narrow. Labrum with sides parallel at base,

then rounded and bisinuate on each.side of apex. Antennee

with joint 1 longest, 83=4 and only a little shorter than 1,

2 nearly as long as 5.

Macrochilus bicolor, sp. n.

Length 6°5 mm. ; width 2°5 mm.

‘Testaceous ; elytra piceous, with a faint bluish tinge, sides

and last three segments of ventral surface brown, apex both

of mandibles and labrum black. Pubescence grey and rather

long.

Head (1:25 mm. wide) convex, moderately and not very

closely punctate, genz elongate, joining neck obliquely ;

ligula comparatively short, slightly rounded at apex ; tooth

504 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

of mentum very slender, as long as side-lobes ; palpi small,

Jast joint hardly dilated, sharply truncate at apex, penultimate

of labials bisetose ; labrum narrowed in front, depressed at

sides of base, apical pair of setee very small, close together on

margin ; antennee moniliform, not reaching middle of body,

joint 1=11 (which is almost pointed at apex), the rest

shorter and approximately equal, but 3 is a little longer and

2 a little shorter than the others.

Prothorax hardly wider than head, nearly twice as wide as

long, front angles rounded, sides rounded in front, sinuate

behind, and falling at right angles on base, hind angles

rounded, median part of base very little produced, basal

foveze deep, surface fairly closely punctate.

Elytra rather flat, parallel, half as long again as wide, base

depressed but hardly forming a peduncle, punctate-striate,

stria 1 arising from an umbilicate pore, intervals a little

convex, with two very irregular rows of punctures, 8 wider

and irregularly punctate. Underside less closely punctate,

and therefore more shiny than in allied species.

Not unlike Creagris labrosa, Nietn., in form, though quite

different in colour, head much narrower and more convex,

strize of elytra deeper, surface more finely and more closely

punctate, fourth joint of tarsi emarginate only (bilobed in

C. labrosa).

Bombay: Belgaum district, Nov. 1886 (2. P. Barrow),

lex. My collection.

Another example, in the British Museum, taken by Doherty

in Assam, Patkai Mountains, I put down with some hesitation

as a variety of this species. The size isa little larger (7-0 mm.

long), the colour of head and prothorax very dark red, and

latter a little less contracted behind. The apical joint of the

maxillary palpi is rather more dilated.

COLFAX, gen. nov.

Ligula wide, rounded and thickened in front, depressed at

sides beneath, glabrous. Paraglosse wanting. MJentum with

tooth sharper and a little shorter than lobes, latter bisinuate

along outer margin, a few setee irregularly placed behind

tooth, epilobes hardly perceptible. ddandibles short, wide,

with a large rectangular tooth at about middle, between

which and apex the edge is emarginate, without setz in scrobe

or at base. JMJawille short, straight, setose on inner side to

apex, which is slightly contracted. Labial palpi small,

penultimate joint glabrous, last joint elongate-triangular,

Mr. H. B. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae. 505

rounded at apex. Mazillary palpi with penultimate joint

minute, very slender at base, antepenultimate hollowed out on

inner side at distal extremity, as long as last joint, last-named

widely dilated, securitorm, narrow at base, dilated inwards to

near middle, rounded at apex, outer edge curved (convex

outwardly) and half as long again as inner one, angles

rounded, a little hollowed out at extremity (upper surface of

this joint sometimes depressed, shape varying a little as result

of drying). Zabrum transverse, almost rectangular, with

front angles widely rounded, a little raised along median line,

depressed at sides, a single seta on each side-margin, but a

few minute additional seta cccasionally visible near margin

of lower surface, including a pair close together near apex.

Legs, and especially tarsi, more slender than in Macrochilus.

Other characters as in Jlacrochilus.

This new genus is proposed for a species widely spread in

India and Indo-China. It is allied to Maerochilus, a genus

in which the form of the palpi is very variable, and, were

there no other differences than those presented in these orgaus,

the new species might very well have been included in it.

There are, however, other peculiarities, and one of a very

unusual character. In the Helluonini the maxille are

normally sharply hooked at apex (rarely below apex), but

here they are straight and without any sign of a hook;

another unusual feature is the glabrous penultimate joint of

the labial palpi.

Colfax stevensi, sp. n.

Length 11:0-12°0 mm.; width 3°50-3°75 mm.

Piceous black ; elytra each with a median and apical

yellowish spot, front margin of clypeus, a spot on vertex

between eyes, side-margins of prothorax, legs, labrum, and

palpi testacecus red, antenne brown, pubescence yellow.

Head (2°0 mm. wide) convex behind, rather flat in front,

closely punctate, clypeus with only a few punctures in middle,

gene short, joining neck rather abruptly; antenne stout,

hardly reaching middle of bony joint 1 eylindrical=11, 2

and 4 about half as long as 1, 3=5, whence the joints

lengthen slightly to apex.

Prothorax (2°5 mm. wide) slightly convex, half as wide

again as long, widest at a third from apex, front angles

rounded and fringed with leng- hairs, sides rounded. in

front, sinuate behind and falling on base at nearly a right

angle, median pat of base. widely though slightly produced

506 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia.

backwards, sides of base oblique and emarginate, median

line very fine, surrounded by a depressed area, transverse

impressions, and especially basal fovex, well marked ; surface

coarsely punctate.

Elytra rather flat, parallel, not quite twice as long as wide,

truncate, and with a fine membranous border at apex, punc-

tate-striate, intervals slightly convex, with two rather ire-

gular rows of punctures, interval 8 rather wider than the

others, more closely and quite irregularly punctate ; front

spot rounded, placed just betore middle, and covering intervals

3-7, hind spot close to apex, covering intervals 1-6 (though

leaving a thin dark line at suture), tapering outwards. Under-

side rather shiny, middle of head and of sterna with only a

few scattered punctures.

In appearance strikingly like Macrochilus trimaculatus,

Oliv., the general form and the elytral spots being almost

exactly similar; the size, however, is uniformly smaller,

while the form of the labrum and maxille and the totally

different shape of the last joint of the maxillary palpi give an

easy means of discrimination.

British Sikkim: Gopaldhara (H. Stevens), 1 ex., type.

Mr. Stevens has kindly allowed me to retain this in my

collection.

Burma: Tenasserim, Mergui (Doherty). Assam: Sadiya

(Doher/y).—British Museum.

British Sikkim: Pashok, 2500! (Z. C. Hartless).—Indian

Museum.

Bombay: Bassein Fort. Bengal: Chapra (Mackenzie).—

Pusa Agric. Res. Inst.

Indo-China: Yen Bay (Dr. Deyrolle). —Coll. E. Fleutiaux.

Indo-China: Tonkin, Hoabinh ; Annam, Cuarao; Laos,

Vientiane, Muong Sai, Sop Choun, Natung, Houei Ko (2.

Vitalis de Salvaza).

Indo-China: Annam, Vinh.—Brussels Museum.

LIX.—On the Cynodontia. By D. M.S. Watson.

In various recent papers I have divided the advanced

Theriodont reptiles which possess a secondary palate of

mammalian type into two grotips :—

The Cynodontia, which have no suborbital vacuities.

The Bauriamorpha, which have large suborbital vacuities.

The former group has descended from the Gorgonopsians,

Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. 507

a conclusion placed, I hope, almost beyond doubt by the

description by myself (not yet published) of a series of forms

leading up to their structure. ‘I'he other group appears to

have arisen independently from the Therocephalia.

All the recent discussions of Cynodont affinities have been

founded on Gomphognathus (Diademodon), the structure of

whose skull is known in very great detail (Broom, 1912;

Watson, 1912 and 1913). Gomphognathus is, however, one

of the most advanced Cynodonts, an@ hence less useful for

comparison with more primitive reptiles than an earlier form

would be.

I therefore purpose to describe as fully as the material

allows other Cynodont forms in the ensuing paper.

Galesaurus planiceps, Owen, 1859.

Type and only known material, a slightly crushed and

damaged skull from the ‘f Rhenosterberg,” Cape Province.

The Rhenosterberg referred to forms part of the Sneewberg

Range, about 20 miles to the N.E. of Graaf Reinet. Other

fossils from the same locality include Lystrosaurus and an

advanced Cynognathus-zone Cynodont, Cynochampsa laniaria.

The matrix of the Galesaurus skull is that of the Lystro-

saurus skulls from the same locality, and it is hence not

improbably of Lystrosaurus-zone age—t. e., the base of the

Trias.

The skull was well described by Owen (Q.J.G.S. vol. xvi.

p. 58, and ‘ Catalogue of Fossil Reptiles of S. Africa,’ p. 23,

pl. xviui.).

The occipital condyle is double, the two presumably

exoccipital condyles being separated by a distinct wide gap.

The occiput is remarkably wide and low, very square cut.

It has the usual Theriodonut structure of an occipital plate

oveilapped by a median interparietal and a pair of tabulars

which form the upper borders of the smal] post-temporal

fossee, which lie high up. ‘The tabular does not extend down

to the paroccipital outside the fossa. ‘The paroccipital process,

correctly determined by Owen, is very massive and distally

supports the squamosal.

The parietals together roof the brain-case, forming an

unexpectedly wide intertemporal bar, and surrounding the

medium-sized pineal foramen. ‘The posterior end of the

parietal unites with the interparietal and the tabular, and the

front face of its posterior wing is overlapped by the squamosal.

The anterior end of the parietal is not terminated by a recog-

nizable suture, but it is obvious that it forms a short pointed

area ou the top of the skull separated from its fellow nearly

508 Mr. D. M. 5. Watson on the Cynodontia,

back to the pineal foramen by the wedge-shaped posterior’

ends of the frontals and overlapped externally by the

postorbital.

The frontals are unusually large, but are completely

excluded from the orbital margin. The postorbital, prefrontal,

Jachrimal, and the orbital end of the jugal agree exactly with

those of Gomphognathus. The nasals are large bones, only

very slightly expanded caudally; in correlation with the

Fig. 1.

Galesaurus planiceps, Ow. The type-skull viewed from above, x 1,

Fr., frontal; Mx., maxilla; Na., nasal; P.O., postorbital ;

Pr.F., prefrontal; S@., squamosal.

great width of the snout they are wide throughout their

length. The anterior margins of the nasals are nearly

straight lines placed at an angle of about 45° with the mid-

line of the skull. The nostrils in consequence look forward

and outward and not at all upward.

The squamosal is a large very massive bone which articu-

lates powerfully with the end of the paroccipital process, and

———— SL

Mr. D. M. 8S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 509

is further supported by the tabular covering its hinder surface

and by an extension of its inner and upper corner on to the

outer surface of the parietal.

eal Nal Fame Ju. Qu.u.

Galesaurus planiceps, Ow. The type-skull viewed from the side, x 1.

Reference-letters as before, with:—Ju., jugal; Lac., lachrimal ;

Qu.J., quadratu-jugal ; S.Mx., septomaxilla.

The upper surface of this massive root of the squamosal

is flattened and plunges down into the temporal fossa,

Laterally to its root the squamosal projects outward and

Galesaurus planiceps, Ow. Type-skull from behind, x 1.

T.Par., interparietal ; Qu., quadrate ; TaB., tabular.

downwards, the thin lower margin being incised by a trian-

gular notch associated with the insertion of the quadrate

complex,

Ann. d& May. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 39

510 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia.

Finally, the squamosal runs forward along the upper edge

of the zygoma for some distance. The whole squamosal

region is rounded, differing markedly from its contour in

Gomphognathus.

The jugal is a large bone, forming the whole of the lower

margin of the orbit, and sending a long, very strong, process

back below the postorbital and squamosal to form the major

part of the zygoma. Below the orbit the lower border of the

jugal is carried down to form a low process much roughened

by muscle-insertions, which is homologous with a much

larger process in Cynognathus and Gomphognathus. ‘This

process is presumably associated with the musculature of the

lips.

The maxilla is, as always in Cynodonts, a large deep bone

extending forward with its upper edge in contact with the

jugal, lachrimal, nasal and septomaxilla to a sutural overlap

on to the premaxilla.

The premaxilla is only incompletely preserved, the outer

wall of the alveoli and the internarial process being broken

away.

The septomaxilla is a relatively large bone lying on the

anterior border of the maxilla and excluding that bone from

any participation in the nostril, It forms a small exposed

urea on the face, extending inwards as a vertical plate of

bone for some distance ; the anterior surface is depressed

into a conical pit, bounded externally by the maxilla ;

between the two bones is a small foramen, not visible from

the side, which is the last remnant of the septomaxillary

foramen, which is shown by comparison with Faweett’s

figures of Tatusta to be probably for the passage of the

ductus naso-lachrimalis.

The septomaxilla has a small upstanding process at its

lower end, but appears to lack the customary process at the

middle of its height.

Quadrate-—The quadrate complex is a small bone visible

only from behind through the notch in the lower part of the

squamosal. It is clearly divided into two parts—an inner

(the quadrate) and an outer attached only to the lower edge

of the quadrate and separated from it above by a groove

ending in an enlarged foramen ; tliis element is the quadrato-

jugal, here recognized for the first time in a Cynodont.

It is clearly shown by the specimen that the outer edge and

upper end of the notch in the squamosal are moulded on the

quadrato-jugal, the lower part of the inner border of the

notch, which is so cut out as to produce an incipient division

into two, bearing a similar relation to the quadrate.

Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. 511

Brain-case.—The brain-case is still incompletely exposed,

but it is obvious that the structure is very much as in

Gomphognathus, there being a much expanded epiptery goid

With a venous groove along the suture between that bone and

the parietal and a foramen | opening into if.

The stapes is a short bone, very nearly as wide as long.

It is perforated dor so-ventrally by a large foramen.

Except for one detail, the dentition was correctly described

by Owen, the dental formula is ¢. 4, c. 5, m. 5 There is no

visible distinction of premolars and molars and no evidence of

any kind of tooth-succession, Although Owen states that

the molars are “ simple crowned ”’ and conical, there is clear

evidence, chiefly from the impression on the matrix, that they

are flattened, being oval in cross-section, with the long axis

antero-posterior ; and cusped, the anterior cusp being the

main cone, and being followed by one or two smaller subsidiary

cusps.

The upper canine is a tooth of extraordinary antero-

posterior width,

Cynosuchus supportus, Owen, Cat. Foss. Rept. 8. Afr.

pl. xvii.

Type, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Cisticephalus-zone, Styl-

krantz, Sneewberg. The snout slightly dorso-ventrally

crushed and broken, but well preserved.

Fig. 4.

Mx. Na, OMx.

Cynosuchus supportus, Ow. ‘The left side of the snout of the type, x 1.

30*

512 Mr. D. M. 8S. Watson on the Cynodontia.

A complete skull in the South-African Museum has been

partly described by Haughton, As I hope Mr. Haughton

will shortly publish a full account of his most important

specimen, L here give only notes of some morphologically

important features shown on the type.

It is obvious that the snout was very low and broad, the

width at the canine being of the order of one and a half times

the height. The snout is very short, the whole descending

flange of the pterygoid being preserved on the right side.

Although no part of the orbital margin is preserved, there 1s

no doubt that the orbit lies immediately behind the broken

posterior edge of the specimen, that part of the jugal which

forms its lower border being preserved on the right side.

‘The upper dental formula is correctly given by Owen.

There is a large septomaxilla shown on both sides, which

articulates with the maxilla and premaxilla, and is wedged in

between the maxilla and nasal above in a typically Gorgo-

nopsid fashion. There is a septomaxillary foramen of fair

size lying between the maxilla and septomaxilla, and opening

out on the side of the face.

The anterior border of the nasals seems to have projected

over the nostril as in Gorgonopsids.

Nythosaurus larvatus, Owen, Cat. Foss. Rept. 8. Afr.

pls. xx. and xxxiv. p. 24.

Type-specimen, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. R. 1713, the ironstone

cast of the inside of the skull and lower jaw. Said by Owen

to be from ‘ Tafelberg,’” Sneewberg ; by Broom from the

Caledon Road, O.F.S.; collected by W. G. Atherstone.

Horizon unknown, probably Lystrosaurus- or Procolophon-

zone.

‘T'ype further described by Seeley (Phil. Traus. B, vol. 180,

p» 278) and by Watson (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,

vol. xil.).

Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. R. 847. Cast of the nasal cavity,

with the maxillary and some mandibular teeth well preserved,

The dentition shown on the type-skull is ¢. 3, ¢. 3, m. 3.

R. 847 has eight upper molars and suggests six or seven

lower molars.

The only additional point of interest to be extracted from

the specimen is that there is a relatively large reflected

Jamina of the angular originating just behind the dentary and

extending downwards and backwards as a fan-shaped bone.

Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 513

Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley, Phil. Trans. B, vol. 185,

eoo0:

(“ Galesaurus planiceps” in errore); Owen, Q. J. GS.

_ vol, xliii. pl.

(“ Nythosaurus larvatus” in errore) ; Broom, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1911, p. 900.

Type-specimen, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. R. 511, a remarkably

complete skull and lower jaw with fragmentary axis and atlas

very well preserved and prepared. Locality “Orange Free

State,’’ horizon unknown.

R. 5114, an incomplete, well-preserved, adult skull, ob-

viously from the same locality as the type.

R. 3731, perfect skull and lower jaw, with fragments of

atlas, axis, and manus. Juvenile specimen, showing tooth-

change. ‘* Griqualand.”

Broom’s Ictidopsis, from the Lystrosaurus-zone of Harris-

mith, where it is associated with Lydekkerina, may be

co-generic. It is not improbable that the type-skull may

have been found with the types of Lydekkerina.

The skull and lower jaw of this species have been described

by Owen, Seeley, and Broom, and Woodward (under the

name Galesaurus) has given an interpretation of the palate.

The general structure in this family is well known.

The more interesting new details are:—

The occiput is triangular, the squamosal articulating with

the occiput low down, as in ’Cynognathus and Gomphognathus.

The auditory groove is bounded internally by a shallow

long recurved process from the squamosal, very much in the

Gorgonopsid fashion, the groove not being carried out on to

the side of the head as in later Cynognathids.

The quadrate complex is fixed into two notclies in the

lower border of the squamosal.

On the upper surface the relatively large size of the frontal

and lachrimal is noticeable.

The nostril faces largely forward, and is not in any way

overhung by the anterior border of the nasal. The septo-

maxilla is smal], has a small facial exposure, and is entirely

separated from the maxilla by the premaxilla below and the

nasal above. Between the septomaxilla and maxilla is a

small septomaxillary foramen opening on the side of the face.

The brain-case is quite similar to that of Gomphognathus.

The foramen for the tenth nerve opens on the lower surface

of the triangular basicranial mass. ‘The fenestra ovalis is a

small opening on the side of this mass.

514 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia.

The epipterygoid is widened so as to form a long lateral

wall to the anterior part of the brain-case. It is produced

backward to articulate with the quadrate, and is supported by

a massive process arising from the anterior face of the par-

occipital process. The second and third divisions of the fifth

nerve leave the brain-cavity, which is here not homologous

Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley. Dorsal surface of the skull, chiefly from

the type-specimen, X 1 ‘

with that of a reptile but agrees with that of a mammal in

including the cavum epipterycum, through a single foramen

lying above the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid.

The pterygoid is a remarkable bone ; it is articulated with

the lower surface of the basip‘erygoid processes, and has a

Mr, D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia, 515

long, slender, quadrate ramus running backward in contact

with the lower edge of the quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid

to the region of the anterior end of the process from the front

face of the pro-otic. This structure is shown clearly in

Fig. 6.

u. QuJ.

Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley. Palate from the type-specimen, the

secondary palate in advance of the hinder margin being con-

cealed in the known specimens. Xx 1.

Reference-letters as before, with :—K.Pr., epipterygoid; Ec.Pr., ecto-

pterygoid; Patu., palatine; Pr., pterygoid; Sr., stapes; Vo.,

vomer; X., foramen for vagus.

R. 511 and R. 3731. Anteriorly the pterygoid extends far

forward on the palate, forming the side-walls of the great

median groove which forms the roof of the naso-pharyngeal

516 Mr. D. M. 8S. Watson on the Cynodontia.

passage. With its fellow it forms a process which splits the

hinder end of the vomer into two, whilst more laterally it

separates the palatine and vomer.

The ectopterygoid is a bone of medium size lying on the

front of the root of the pterygoidal flange.

Thrinavodon liorhinus, Seeley. Occiput of a young individual, x 1.

There is a secondary palate.

The stapes, preserved in R. 511, is a short powerful bone

with a foramen passing through it.

The dentition is 7. 4, ¢. 1, m. 6, the last tooth cutting late

in life,

Fig. 8.

Mx. Na. SMx.

“ Wy , “Z

Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Seeley. Snout, to show the septo-maxillary, x 1.

The lower jaw has been described by Broom. There is a

medium-sized reflected lamina rising from the angular at its

point of articulation with the deutary.

Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia. 517

Cynognathus crateronotus, Seeley.

This species is represented in the British Museum collection

by the following skull material :—

R. 2571. The skull of the type-specimen, nearly com-

plete, but so laterally compressed as to give a very imperfect

view of the palate.

ae a

‘>

Stata

NEN

Cynognathus crateronotus, Seeley. Palate, x 3. Reconstructed from

four specimens,

518 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia.

R. 2572. The detached occiput figured by Seeley (Phil.

Trans. B, vol. 186, p. 130). Direct comparison and measure-

ments leave no doubt of the specific determination of this

important fragment.

R. 3604. ‘lhe detached and absolutely perfectly preserved

maxilla figured by Seeley (Geol. Mag. 1908, p. 486).

R. 4103. A dorso-ventrally crushed skull lacking the

premaxillee and part behind the orbits, but giving a good

palate.

R. 4101. An uncrushed snout, with the bone of the

upper and outer surfaces weathered away, but showing the

posterior part of the palate perfectly.

Measurements on the teeth leave no doubt of the specific

identity of all these skulls. From them I have drawn fig. 9.

The palate of Cynognathus, although it is morphologically

identical with that of Gomphognathus, Watson, 1911, presents

a somewhat different appearance owing to the slenderness of

the caudal part of the skull and the powerful snout. Seeley’s

original accurate but difficult account of the basicranial region

was added to by the writer, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1911,

ser. 8, vol. vili. pp. 293-330.

The pterygoid has no quadrate ramus and is very short

anteriorly, the vomer forming the whole of the roof of the

groove in the palate, and separating the pterygoids to the

beginning of the pterygo-parasphenoid bar.

The palatine is in contact with the vomer throughout its

length. The ectopterygoid is a small bone lying at the root

of the huge pterygoid flange and completely surrounded by

other bones.

The isolated maxilla R. 3604 shows anteriorly the posterior

part of the very deep pit for the reception of the lower canine,

the whole anterior margin of its secondary plate being a

sutural surface for the premaxilla. It is obvious that the

structure must have been different from that of Lycognathus

as described by Broom, Phil. Trans. B, vol. 206, p. 44. This

maxilla also shows that there was a minute septomaxillary

foramen opening forward at the posterior margin of the

nostril.

Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen. et sp. n.

Type a beautifully preserved skull, with lower jaw in

apposition, from the Cynognathus-zone, Essex, Dist. Albert,

Cape Province, 8. Africa, collected by the author.

‘This specimen presents an interesting accident of preserva-

tion. Although perfectly preserved and with the teeth tightly

Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia, 519

interlocked, the pre- and septomaxillaries are missing and the

anterior ends of both dentaries have been broken away—

removed, strangely enough, so as to leave two premolar teeth

completely exposed to the base of the root, these teeth

remaining in their natural position. There can be no doubt

whatever that this loss is due to the bite of another animal on

the fresh head with the muscles and gums intact.

In genetal morphology the skull is identical with that of

Gom phognathus, differing trom G. browni (Aun. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 8, vol. viii. p. 293 &e.) in the shorter snout, longer

temporal fosse, and wider occiput. Minor differences of

interest are the smaller area of the frontals and lachrimals.

‘The upper dental formula is 2. ?, ¢. 1, pm.? 2, m. 8.

The interest and generic distinction of the specimen lies in

the brain-case and quadrate region.

The quadrate complex consists of a small quadrate lying

in a depression on the front face of the lower edge ot the

squamosal, and attached to that bone by the reception of its

caudally produced outer edge in a slit. This quadrate is

devoid of any trace of a pterygoid wing. To the outer edge

of the articular margin of the quadrate is fused the quadrato-

jugal—a very small bone whose lower edge is condylar,—the

upper part of the bone running up in contact with the front

face of the squamosal and being separated from the quadrate

by a foramen. It expands into a uarrow sheath which spreads

inward between the quadrate and squamosal to be received in

a slit in the latter bone. Comparison of the whole arrange-

ment with the Gorgonopsids and Dicynodonts justifies the

separation of the two elements, although no suture is visible

between them.

‘The brain-case, as shown from behind and from the side,

agrees with Gomphognathus in general morphology, but

differs in the much greater relative size of the foramen between

the prootic and the epipterygoid, which extends up to the

parietal and is obscurely divided into two by a process from

the front edge of the prootic. There is thus apparently a

suppression of the processus prooticus superior of Gompho-

gnathus.

The epipterygoid has a wide expansion on the side of the

brain-case and extends back to the usual process on the frout

face of the prootic. It there terminates on both sides of the

specimen in a slightly thickened and irregular margin, being

separated from the quadrate by a gap of more than 1 cm.

‘The series of venous grooves which I described on the

brain-case of Gomphognathus appears in Protacmon with great

520 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia.

Fig. 10.

Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen. et sp. n. Type-skull, dorsal aspect, x 3.

Fig. 11.

5a. Ju.

Den.

Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen. et sp. n, ‘Type-skull, lateral aspect, x 4.

Ane.

Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 521

- 2 Ny

a. a

Sh PLE Qu Qu¥.

Protacmon brachyrhinus, gen, et sp. n. Occiput of the type-skull, x 3

Ye AN

Fig. 13.

Sq. VETE VOL. YS VS.C_

Sa. di? Ee esOee.

Protacmon brachyrhinus. The type-specimen, with the block con-

taining the upper part of the right squamosal removed, viewed

obliquely from above and the right. The course of the veins in

the temporal fossa, so far as it is clearly recognizable from the

groove on the bones, is indicated in black.

W.Pr., epipterygoid; Ju., jugal; Ors., right orbit; Se., squamosal ;

V.C.L., vena capitis lateralis ; VS. C., the vein of the “sinus

canal” ‘ V.P.T.E., the vein which passes through the post-

temporal fossa; V.2+%, the foramen through which the maxillar ‘y

and mandibular branches of the trigeminus leave the skull.

522 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the Cynodontia.

clearness. A vein—the vena capitis lateralis—passes forward

below the paroccipital process, and turns up the anterior face

of that bone through the incomplete pterygo-paroccipital fossa.

It then splits into three, one of which rises and passes back-

wards and outward through the post-temporal fossa, This

fossa is overhung by a special flange of the squamosal, in

order to prevent constriction of the vein by the action of the

great temporal muscle.

The second vein rises up and then turns inward and forward,

passing along the ‘sinus canal” to the orbit, but receiving

a vein from the brain-case through a foramen lying between

the parietal and prootic. .

The third branch passes directly inward and forward along

a groove on the upper surface of that process of the prootic

which joins the epipterygoid quadrate wing, and finally passes

into the brain-eavity through a notch on the hinder border of

the epipterygoid low down in the skull. It is probable,

although there is no definite evidence, that the vein receives

another passing out of the brain-cavity through the upper

part of the large foramen between the front of the prootic and

the back of the epipterygoid.

This venous arrangement seems to occur in all Cynodonts

known.

The lower jaw of Protacmon is perfectly preserved, although

the splenial and coronoid region is not exposed. It agrees

in structure with Cynognathus (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 8, vol. x. p. 574), but the hinder part of the jaw is still

further reduced and the dentary larger.

An interesting feature is the presence on the upper surface

of the surangular of a depressed roughened area adapted to

the inner surface of the great groove in the dentary. ‘T'his

area extends back very nearly to the articular surface, but it

is certain that the dentary does not in any place touch the

squamosal. The extraordinarily small size of the cavity of

the jaw between the surangular and prearticular is vividly

shown by the specimen where the articular ends abruptly, the

cavity in front of it being only 1 mm. wide and 3 high.

I have seen no trace of the reflected lamina, which, if

present, must have been very small.

The series of Cynodonts described above cover the period

of time extending from the upper part of the Cisticephalus-

zone, of extreme Upper Permian age, to the Cynognathus-zone,

which is earlier than Upper Trias, and shows that very con-

Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the Cynodontia. 523

siderable changes in the structure of members of the group

took place during this period.

Galesaurus and Cynosuchus represent very nearly the same

morphological stage, being little more advanced than the

contemporary Gorgonopsid Arctognathus.

Primitive features are :—

» The low wedge-shaped snout.

. The overhang of the anterior border of the nasal.

The large facial exposure of the septomaxilla.

. The only slightly complicated molar teeth.

. The broad low occiput and the depth of the squamosal

at its attachment to the brain-case in Galesaurus.

6. The mode of articulation of the quadrate complex in

Galesaurus to be compared with Asthenauchenia.

7. The relatively large quadrate and hinder part of the

jaw.

Advanced features are :—

1. The reduction of the parietal region to a sagittal crest.

2. ‘The presence of paired occipital condyles.

3. The secondary palate.

4, ‘he increase in the number of cheek-teeth.

Ot He OF bo fH

Nythosaurus retains a primitive feature in its very large

reflected lamina from the angular.

Thrinawodon is in general more advanced than the pre-

ceding form, but retains as primitive features :—

1. The facial exposure of the septomaxilla.

2. The septomaxillary foramen opening outward,

. Large frontals and lachrimals.

. A long quadrate ramus of the pterygoid.

. A considerable forward extension of the pterygoid on

the sides of the median groove of the palate.

6. The small auditory groove.

It is advanced in :—

1. The lack of an overhanging anterior border of the nasal.

. The powerful quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid.

. The position of the foramen jugulare on the lower

surface.

. The insertion of the quadrate complex into two slits in

the lower border of the squamosal.

. The triangular occiput.

Ue os

me cre

524 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the Cynodontia.

Cynognathus agrees very closely with Gomphognathus in

structure.

It is advanced over Thrinawxodon in :—

Further retraction of the anterior border of the nasal.

Loss of the facial exposure of the septomaxilla.

Further specialization of the dentition.

Further reduction of the hinder end of the lower jaw.

Complete loss of the quadrate ramus of the pterygoid.

Regression of the anterior margin of the pterygoid and

loss of the process separating the palatine and vomer.

7. Backward extension of the vomer.

Protacmon, the most advanced Cynodont known, differs

from its ally Gomphognathus in the complete loss of the

quadrate ramus of the epipterygoid, thus freeing the quadrate,

and in a further reduction in size of the bones ‘of the back of

the jaw.

This loss of any connection between the epipterygoid and

the quadrate is the logical completion of the whole evolution

of this region in Theriodontia.

In early Gorgonopsids there is a normal quadrate ramus of

the pterygoid, passing behind the pterygoid ramus of the

quadrate.

In Arctognathus the pterygoid fails to reach the quadrate

by a few millimetres.

In Thrinaxodon the pterygoid has a considerable quadrate

ramus lying below that of the epipterygoid, which itself

passes back to the quadrate.

In Gomphognathus polyphagus there is no quadrate ramus

of the pterygoid, but the hinder surface of the quadrate ramus

of the epipterygoid is supported by a long splint from the

quadrate. In G. brown? this quadrate splint is lost and the

epipterygoid and quadrate only just meet. In Protacmon

they are widely separated and the quadrate is supported

solely by the squamosal.

Thus, known Cynodonts give us a series of morphological

stages, which bridge over the gap between the advanced

Gor rgonopsids like Arctognathus and so remarkably mammal-

like an animal as Protacmon.

I am indebted to the Percy Sladen Fund for assistance in

visiting South Africa and there collecting the type-skull of

Protacmon.

Observations on Paludestrina ulvee and ventrosa. 525

LX.—Observations on the Succession of the Gastropods

Paludestrina ulvee and ventrosa in Brackish Water. By

G. C. Rosson, B.A.

(Published by permission of the ‘Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the marshes immediately west of Leigh-on-Sea, in Hssex,

there is a system of tidal ditches in which can be seen a

eradual transition from an estuarine to a brackish fauna and

flora. Two of the most prolific members of this fauna—

the Gastropods Paludestrina ulve and ventrosa—were selected

for ecological study in May of the present year, and observa-

tions were made upon them periodically until Ssptember. In

the latter month some of the ditches were cleared out for

agricultural or sanitary purposes, and, as a consequcnce, the

observations were discontinued. Although a year’s observa-

tions are desirable in such cases, certain of the distributional

phenomena recorded were so constant and well marked as to

justify publication.

Due west of Leigh the first marsh forms a narrow plain

between low cliffs and a lateral channel of the Thames known

as “Leigh Ray.” The marsh appears to be rather lower

than the high-tide mark of the river, and is protected from

the latter by a high sea-wall.

Inside and parallel to the latter is a ditch about 8-9 feet

wide which receives supplies of sea-water at intervals (v. ¢fra)

through a drain piercing the wall. From this main ditch are

given off at right angles a number of secondary ditches,

which traverse the marsh and receive a certain amount of

surface-drainage. These ditches are obviously artificial, and

give the impression that the marsh was at one time either

cultivated or used for sewage-disposal. At either end the

main ditch bends at right angles and forms two secondary

ditches, of which there are six in all. Four of these are in

open communication with the main ditch, though they appear

to be drying up. The two others were cut off from the main

ditch during the period of observation. It is the relation of

their fauna and flora to those of the main ditch that is the

matter of special interest.

Of the two closed ditches, one—the westernmost of all—

was separated by a considerable patch of dry land developing

(probably through local elevation) in what was once obviously

a continuous channel. The other closed ditch—the fourth

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 30

526 Mr. G. C. Robson on the Succession

from the west—was separated only by a few feet of dry land

rising an inch or so above the water-level at the point of

junction.

There can be very little doubt that both these ditches

receive water from the main ditch, but only at intervals when

the latter has received an exceptionally large supply from the

river. It is impossible to be certain whether the main ditch

gets filled at every high tide and the secondary ditches only

at every spring tide, or whether the main ditch is untouched

by the neaps and filled by the springs, and the secondary

ditches only added to by exceptionally high springs. It is

certain, however, that the closed secondary ditches do not

receive as much sea-water as the main ditch. Variation in

the amount of water in the former, and, as a consequence, in

its temperature and salinity, must therefore be more marked

in the closed than in the main ditches, at least in the summer

and early autumn months.

The fauna and flora of the three ditches is indicated in the

Jollowing lists. They are by no means exhaustive, but

indicate the chief forms or associations observed :—

A. Main ditch (eight stations: May—September) :

Nereis diversicolor.

Paludestrina ulve (swarming).

ventrosa (rare).

Alderia modesta.

Limepontia (se.) nigra.

Cardium edule.

Carcinus menas.

Gobius sp.

Ulva lactuca.

Vaucheria sp.

Salinity : 2°76 °/,-2°95 °/, NaCl.

B. Westernmost secondary ditch (closed) (four stations:

May-September) :

Paludestrina ulve (very rare indeed, only in August).

~—— ventrosa (swarming).

Palemonetes varians. .

Carcinus menas.

Ruppia maritima (May-July).

Enteromorpha tntestinalis (August).

Vaucheria sp. (August),

Salinity : 2°47 °/,-2°75 °/, NaCl.

of Paludestrina ulve and ventrosa. 527

C. Fourth secondary ditch from west (closed) (four stations :

May-September) :

Upper end—

Paludestrina ventrosa (swarming).

Ruppia maritima (May-July).

Linteromor pha intestinalis (August)

Vaucheria sp.

Salinity ; 2°78 °/,-2°9 °/, NaCl.

Lower end—

Paludestrina ulve (swarming).

—— ventrosu (moderately numerous),

Ulva lactuca.

Voy: 41. 9.790 PO R-OF @NT.

Salinity ; 2°78 °/,-2°95 °/, NaCl.

From the above lists it will be seen that Paludestrina ulvw

appears to be limited to water in which Ulva occurs.

Stragglers may be found upon other plants (nteromorpha

intestinalis and Schlerochroa maritima) in this area, but it

attains its maximum upon Ulva. P. ventrosa, on the other

hand, appears to be less restricted in its distribution, as it

occurs in quite appreciable numbers in all three ditches and

upon a variety of plants. It therefore may be reckoned as

more plastic and adaptable than P. ulve, though it un-

doubtedly thrives in permanently brackish water—an assump-

tion borne out by its absence from typically estuarine faunas.

Attempts were made with artificial sea-water to discover

the lowest degree of salinity that P. ulve would tolerate.

For reasons given below it was impossible to arrive at any

precise figures, but this much was satisfactorily ascertained —

that in water under *5 °/, NaCl the animal contracted imme-

diately upon immersion and never emerged from its shell as

Jong as it remained in that water, while in water of 1-0 ope

NaCl it showed no obvious discomfort upon immersion and,

on the whole, behaved very much as it did in higher salinities.

normally absent, it belived in its ordinary fashion.

In the course of these attempts a curious confirmation was

obtained of the view that P. ventrosa is more adaptable than

P.ulve. ‘The behaviour of the two animals in captivity is

very different. P. ventrosa proved itself a very satisfactory

subject, as it always remained in the water in which it was

placed. P. ulve, on the other hand, was invariably intrac-

tible. It usually crawled out of the water, and, if possible,

30*

528 Observations on Paludestrina ulvee and ventrosa.

out of the vessel containing it, even if the salinity of the

water was normal,

It is clear from this account that there must be some factor

limiting the susie) Vera of P. ulve as compared to that of

P. ventrosa. It is plain that it has the opportunity of getting

into the last closed ditch and the upper waters of the fourth

ditch, but is never found in the latter and only very rarely in

the former. Salinity cannot be the limiting factor, as we

have seen that it tolerates low salinities and it also occurs in

other places—e. g., the Exe estuary (1)—where it must expe-

rience considerable daily alteration in salinity. Temperature

need scarcely be considered, as all the ditches are adjacent

and very shallow. ‘The main ditch is usually rather deeper

than the others; but P. ulve has been found elsewhere

swarming in water as shallow as that of the closed ditches.

On the whole, it seems more likely that the presence or

absence of a food-plant is the limiting factor, P. ulve is not

limited to Ulwa lactuca, as it occurs at Leigh on Schlerochroa

maritima, on Ulva, Euteromorpha, and Zostera plentifully in

the Exe estuary (1), and on Ulva and Zostera in the Pagham

lagoon (Robson MS.). But it is plain that in this area

nothing had tempted it out of the Ulva-water to colonize in

water from which Ulva was abseut even in August when

Enteromorpha had replaced Ruppia.

One must therefore conclude that Ulva is the limiting factor

in the present area and that the molluse has not yet adapted

itself to the other available plants, though elsewhere it is not

limited to Ulva laetuca.

It would be interesting to know if the chief plants of this

area show the succession usually found, and so to show that

the succession of the two molluscs depended ultimately upon

the physical factors determining the distribution of the plants.

Untortunately the minimum salinity which Ulva lactuca

tolerates is apparently unknown, nor are there apparently any

British records for the exact distribution of Ruppia maritima.

It has been shown that the latter occurs with Zos/era and

apparently Ulva luctuca in tidal waters in America (3).

It should also be pointed out that in the main ditch there

were signs of pollution (either natural or from sewage), which

might easily disturb the ordinary plant succession and account

for the fact that in two ditches only differing in a slight

degree of salinity there is such a marked difference in the

flora. It is well known that Ulva lactuea tends to thrive in

polluted water (2).

The author is indebted to Mr. F. J. Lambert of Leigh for

}

On the Duitkers referred to Cephalophus maxwelli. 529

assistance and information as to local conditions, to Dr. G. F.

Prior, F.R.S., for assistance in determining salinity, and to

other colleagues for identifying sundry forms enumerated

above.

CONCLUSIONS.

(1) Heologically considered Paludestrina ulve and P. ventrosa

have distinct areas of distribution, but overlap each

other slightly in this area.

(2) This overlapping is due to the greater adaptability of

P. ventrosa.

(3) P. ulve appears to be delimited by the presence or absence

of food-plants rather than by chemical or physical

causes.

WORKS REFERRED TO.

(1) AuLEN, E. J.,and Topp, R. A. Journ, Marine Biol. Assoc. U.K.

vi. (n. 8.) 1900-02, pp. 151 & 295.

(2) Corron, A. D. Royal Comm. Sewage Disposal, 7th Report, App. iv.

pesa(lolly

(3) Jounson, D., and Yorx, H., Johns Hopkins Univ. Cireular, 1912.

LXI.—Wote on the Dutkers hitherto referred to Cephalophus

maxwelli. By Martin A. C. HINTON.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In determining some duikers collected recently by Mr.

Willoughby P. Lowe on two islands in the estuary of the

tokelle River, Sierra Leone, I have had oceasion to examine

all the material in the British Museum hitherto referred to

Cephalophus maxwelli, Asa result it would appear, firstly,

that the mainland specimens in the collection belong to two

distinct species, and, secondly, that the island forms are

distinct from each other and from those of the mainland.

The characters by which the four species recognized in this

paper are distinguished may be tabulated as follows :—

A. Males with relatively large horns ; females

with horns well developed. Size slightly

smaller.

a, Nasals normal.

a’. Dorsal pelage not grizzled, uniform

dusky ; ears without conspicuous

530 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the Duikers

white fringes. [Sierra Leone to

MOREA A susate Mine nietne siete. 8 ole oe C. marwelli.

b'. Dorsal pelage grizzled, brighter; ears

with conspicuous white fringes.

[sPassothslandlss psp reais oe ce C. lowe, sp. n.

b. Nasals reduced ; external characters as in

C. lowei; smallest of group. [Yatward

Estland.) sctes ctesee th pie see oe a C. dane?, sp. n.

B. Males with small horns, not larger than

those of females of C. maawelli; females

hornless, or with minute vestiges of horns.

Other external characters as in C, maxwell.

Size rather larger. [Liberia.] .......... C. liberiensis, sp. 0.

1. Cephalophus maxwelli, Hamilton Smith.

1826. Antilope pygmea, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii. liv. lvi.

pl. 379. Based on females with horns from Senegal ; nec Pallas.

1827. Antilope (Cephalophus) maxrwelli, Hamilton Smith, Griffith’s

Anim. Kingd. iv. p. 267. Sierra Leone.

1827. Antilope (Cephalophus) philantomba, Hamilton Smith, ibid. v.

. 849. Young specimen, Sierra Leone.

1841. Antilope frederict, Laurillard, Dict. Univ, Hist. Nat. i. p. 623.

tenaming A. pygmea, F, Cuv.

1846. Cephalophus punctulatus, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) xviil.

. 167: Based on young specimen from Sierra Leone.

1850. Cephalophus whitfieldi, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 11.

So far as one can judge from the descriptions, and from an

examination of the types of punctulatus and whitfieldi, all the

names included in the above synonymy refer to C. maxwelli

as defined in this paper.

This species is characterized by its moderate size; uniform

ungrizzled dorsal pelage, the colour being dusky in adults,

brighter in the young; the whitish hairs lining the ears not

forming aconspicuous fringe; normal nasals ; and, above all,

by the relatively large horns present in both sexes; in female,

horns a little less developed than in male.

The type-locality is ‘ Sierra Leone,” and the range extends

from Senegal and Portuguese Guinea southwards throngh

Sierra Leone.

2. Cephalophus liberiensis, sp. n.

1858. ? Cephalophus marwelli, Temminck, Esq. Zool. Guiné, p. 230.

1914. Cephulophus (Guevei) maxwelli, Lydekker & Blaine, Cat. Ung.

ii, p. 98 (in part).

Type.—An adult male (B.M, 13. 11. 21. 13) from Mount

Barclay, Liberia (altitude 200 feet) ; collected by Mr. R. H.

Bunting. Other material, ¢, ? (adult).

Description —Horns of male relatively small, no larger

hitherto referred io Cephalophus maxwelli. 531

than in females of C. maawelli. Females hornless, but one

specimen with minute traces of horn-cores 2 or 3 mm. in

height. General outward appearance and colour as in

maxwelli. Size slightly larger, the extreme length of

skull being about 150 mm., instead of about 140 mm.

For skull-measurements see table at p. 532

Range.—Liberia. At present known from Mount Barclay

and from a spot ‘50 miles inland from Monrovia.”

Whether Pel’s specimens from Dabacrom, Gold Coast,

described by Temminck under the name mazwelli, belong to

the present species or to another unnamed form cannot be

decided now, owing to the lack of sufficient Gold Coast

material. 'Temminck describes the ears as “ portent te larges

' bordures blanches le long de leur contour interne’ ; he says

that the female differs from the male only “ par de trds-petites

cornes, souvent obtuses, ou commes perdues, et cachées dans

les touffes, d’ot elles prennent naissance.”’

Cephalophus lowei, sp. n.

HHab.—Tasso Island, Rokelle River, Sierra Leone.

Type.—An old male (B.M. 20. 7. 10. 17) collected and

presented by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe.

Description——Horns of male about as in C. maxwelli ;

female unknown, but probably horned.

Size about as in C. maxwell, perhaps slightly larger.

Essential external characters as In ma. vwellt, but dorsal

colour brighter and not uniform as in latter species ; the back

clothed with a grizzle of black and tawny, lightening on the

flanks to merge insensibly in the grey of the underparts.

Head-tuft and outer surfaces of ears dark brown. Ears with

conspicuous linings of pure white hairs. Rump scarcely or

not at all darkened. ‘Tail dark brown above, the tips of

most hairs being white.

Skull generally as in maawelli, a little larger and relatively

narrower ; maxillary tooth-row relatively shorter, the pre-

molar series somewhat reduced.

4. Cephalophus dane, sp. n

Hab.—Yatward Island, Rokelle River, Sierra Leone.

Type.—An adult male (B.M. 20. 7. 10. 18) collected and

presented by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe. An adult female

(B.M. 20. 7. 10. 19) also examined.

Description.—Horns well developed in both sexes; in

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On new small Mammals from New Guinea. 533

males a little smaller relatively than in maawelli; sexual

disparity less marked than in the latter.

Coloration and external characters, apart from smaller

size, exactly as in C. lowei; size, if anything, less than in

maxwelli.

Skull conspicuously differing from those of other members

of the group in the unnsually small nasals. In both sexes

these bones are shorter and narrower, absolutely and rela-

tively, than in either mavwelli or lowei. In liberiensis there

is a sexual difference in this respect, the males having nasals

as large as, or larger than, in lowed and maawelli, while in

the females these bones approach those of dane’. Maxillary

tooth-row intermediate in relative length between lowe? and

mavwelli, the molar series being relatively longer than in

either,

Remarks.—I have much pleasure in naming this interesting

duiker after Captain A. M. Dane, of H.MS. ‘ Dwarf,’ to

whom Mr. Lowe was indebted for much hospitality and active

assistance during his trip to Sierra Leone.

LXI.— New small Mammals from New Guinea.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Pipistrellus papuanus collinus, subsp. n.

Like true papuanus, but larger.

General characters, including colour, structure of tragus,

dentition, and other Beale! all as in papuanus. Size, how-

ever, markedly larger, the forearm attaining 36 mm. as

compared with 25-31 mm., and the skull also decidedly.

larger.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 36 mm.

Third finger, metacarpal 33°5, first phalanx 13; lower

leg and hind foot 22:5.

Skull: greatest length 13°2; breadth of brain-case 6:9 ;

palato-sinual length 4°8; maxillary tooth-row 5; p'—m? 3:2.

Hab. of type. Bihagi, head of Mambari River, British

Papua. Other specimens from Dinawa, Owen Stanley

Mountains, and the Upper Aroa River.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.11.7.4. Collected

13th April, 1906, by A. 8. Meek.

The Pipistrels of New Guinea all seem referable to P. papu-

anus. The great majority are comparatively small, with

53 Mr. O. Thomas on

forearms only attaining about 31 mm. The present form

would appear to be a highland subspecies, characterized by

its markedly greater size.

Meyer’s Vesperugo papuanus orientalis of Astrolabe Bay is

apparently quite the usual New Guinea Pipistrel.

Emballonura meeki locusta, subsp. n.

External characters quite as in true meeki, and size similar,

though the single specimen seems rather less robust than the

example of meek?, and the limb-bones more slender. The

characteristic broadly lobed lips, the shape of the tragus, and

the long, slender, grasshopper-like hind limbs all as in the

typical form.

Skull smaller and lighter than in meek’. Inflation of

muzzle much less, the inflated upper portion of the maxillaries

of the two sides not extending inwards towards or to the

middle line, as is the case in meekz, but keeping widely sepa-

rated throughout, so that the nasals between them are parallel-

sided and not contracted anteriorly. Behind the nasals, the

forehead is more deeply concave mesially, the general con-

cavity between the inflations extending back into the inter-

orbital space ; the rounded supraorbital edges are not specially

inflated in meek, but are in locusta, Basial fossa as in meek,

not as in subsp. claviwm.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 38 mm.

Head and body 40 mm.; tail 13 ; ear 12; lower leg and

foot (c. u.) 20°3; calcar 15.

Skull: greatest length 12; condylo-basal length 11:1;

nasals, breadth between inflations anteriorly 0°9 ; interorbital

breadth 3; mastoid breadth 6°8; front of canine to back of

m> 4:4,

Hab. Schouten Island, N.W. New Guinea.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 10. 23.2. Collected by

Messrs. Pratt Brothers. One specimen only.

Readily distinguishable from true meek: and from meeki

clavium by the reduced maxillary inflations, which do not

trespass on the nasals between them.

Pogonomys sylvestris, sp. n.

A medium-sized species with slaty bases to the belly-hairs.

Fur long, soft, and fine. General colour above dark

rufescent—near “auburn” ; sides more rufous; under surface

greyish ; the hairs broadly slaty basally, with creamy whitish

tips. Hands and feet pale buffy. Tail pale brown, its fine

sparse hairs whitish.

ae ae AS AE ETN AT

new small Mammals from New Guinea. 535

Skull slenderly built, of more normal murine proportions

than in many of the species, the muzzle not shortened and

the zygomata not abruptly thrown outwards. Nasals long

and narrow. Supraorbital edges more parallel than usual,

not strongly divergent posteriorly, the edges themselves

square but not ridged. Palatal foramina short, as usual.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the remade skin) :—

Head and body 112 mm. ; tail 160; hind foot 21.

Skull: greatest length 30°3 ; condylo-incisive length 28:3 ;

zygomatic breadth 16°2; mnasals 11%x2°9; interorbital

breadth 4 ; breadth 2; brain-case 14°6 ; palatilar length 13 7 ;

palatal foramina 4°2 ; upper molar series 5.

Hab. Rawlinson Mts., N.E. New Guinea. Alt. 1500 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.10.13.6. Collected

June 1911 by Prof. F. Férster. Presented to the National

Museum by Lord Rothschild. Two specimens.

Distinguishable from all other species of the genus by the

grey-based belly-hairs, these being usually white to the base.

The skull is also peculiar in the shape of the interorbital

region, which is alone similar to that in P. macrourus of

Arfak.

Pogonomys forbesi vulturnus, subsp. n.

Like true forbest in essential characters, but the general

colour is more greyish, and approaches “light drab” of

Ridgway, as compared with the “cinnamon” of forbesi.

Whitish patches in front of and at posterior base of ears at a

maximum, contrasting with the general grey colour.

Skull apparently quite like that of forbes?.

Dimensions of the type (measured on a spirit-specimen) :—

Head and body 136 mm.; tail 216; hind foot 30;

ean LT.

Skull: greatest length 36:3; condylo-incisive length 35:°8 ;

zygomatic breadth 21°7 ; nasals 13°3; palatilar length 17;

palatine foramina 5'1 ; upper molar series 5:8.

flab. Bara-Bara, Milne Bay, extreme South-east Papua.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 97. 8.7.64. Collected

February 1890 by Dr. Lamberto Loria, and presented by the

Museo Civico, Genoa. Six specimens.

The difference in the general colour of the Milne-Bay

Pogonomys was noticed on the arrival of Signor Loria’s

specimens, but was then supposed to be due to the original

specimens of forbes? having been stained by rust. Now,

however, the receipt of skins shows that the cinnamon colour

of the Sogere specimens is quite natural.

536 On new small Mammals from New Guinea.

Pogonomys forbesi mambatus, subsp. n.

Similar in the general cinnamon-colour to true forbes7, but

the whitish patches between eye and ear are practically

absent, and there is a distinctive difference in the skull.

In forbesi and vulturnus the front edge of the zygomatic

plate projects slightly forwards, so that, when viewed from

above, it is visible in front of the anteorbital bridge, while

from below this bridge cannot be seen. But in mambatus the

front edge runs down quite vertically, or is even slightly

concave, so that it cannot be seen from above in front of the

bridge, while from below the underside of the bridge is clearly

visible in the cleft of the foramen, Other cranial characters

apparently as usual.

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body 173 mm, ; tail 236; hind foot 30.

Skull: greatest length 37; condylo-incisive length 36-4 ;

zygomatic breadth 22:2; zygomatic plate 45; upper molar

series 5°7.

Hab. Mambare River, N.E. British New Guinea in the

old sense ; type from Kokoda, 1900’; other specimens from

‘Tamata and Joma on the same river.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 7. 2.1.10. Original num-

ber 16. Collected 11th July, 1906, and presented by C. A. W.

Monckton, Esq. Twelve specimens.

The difference in the skull, although slight, is so constant,

in the good series that we owe to the work of Messrs. Monckton

and Stalker that it seems proper to recognize the Mambare

form as distinct from that of Mt. Owen Stanley.

Disteehurus pennatus, Pet. & Dor.

The examination of a topotype of this beautiful marsupial

obtained by the Piatt Brothers shows that three forms of it

may be recognized, as follows :—

D. pennatus pennatus.

General colour paler, wood-brown above and pale creamy

buffy (“light buff’’) below throughout, the hairs pale to the

roots. Black orbital lines not broadened behind and not

especially sharply defined from the light area between them.

Secator (p*, the fourth tooth from the back), although small,

two-rooted, oblong, and obliquely set in the tooth-row.

Hab, Arfak region, N.W. New Guinea; Andai, Weyland

Mts.

On the Genus Hapalochrus, Hr. 537

D. pennatus dryas, subsp. n.

General colour slightly darker and greyer ; upper surface a

darker wood-brown, and the under surface a dirty greyish

white, the belly greyer than the chest. Inner surface of fore

limbs quite grey, not whitish as in pennatus. Head-lines

about as in pennatus, though hardly so brightly contrasted.

Secator smaller, oval in section, single-rooted.

Hab. of type. Mt. Gayata, Richardson Range, British New

Guinea. 3000’. The specimen from the Ethel River, Hall

Sound, recorded by Ramsay (who misprints the name as

pinsatus), was probably this form.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 99. 4.4.5. Collected by

A. &. Authony.

Hind foot of type 19mm. Skull, greatest length 30, three

upper molariform teeth 4°1.

D. pennatus amenus, subsp. n.

Size slightly larger. Colour stronger and darker, with all

the contrasts at a maximum. Upper suiface near “ verona-

brown” ; under surface more or less clay-colour, the throat

yellowish, the chest creamy, but the belly more brownish,

not sharply defined from the hue of the sides. Dark head-

markings strongly contrasted black, broadened posteriorly, so

as almost to meet in the middle line, and contracting to a

point the light median area between them, the edges of which

are sharply and abruptly defined. Hands and feet dull

yellow.

Secator very small, circular, single-rooted.

Hab. Ex-German New Guinea. Type from the Rawlinson

Mountains ; another specimen from Sattelburg.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.10. 14.1. Collected by

Prof. F. Forster.

Hind foot of type 21 mm. Skull, greatest length 31:°5,

three molariform teeth 4°5.

LXUI.—Supplementary Note on the Genus Hapalochrus, Er.

[Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S.

In the present volume of the ‘ Annals & Magazine of Natural

History,’ pp. 177-201, 249-266, 305-327, pl. viii., an account

is given of all the Atrican and Asiatic species of the genus

Hapalochrus known to me. In this article no mention is

made of Kraatz’s papers on the same subject (Deutsche ent.

Zeitschr. 1895, pp. 59-64, 271, 272), which were overlooked

by me, and they appear also to have escaped the notice of

538 On the Genus Hapalochrus, Hr.

Bourgeois, Gorham, and Pic, who do not allude to them in

their descriptions of Hapalochrus. This oversight is, of

course, due to Kraatz having placed his insects under a new

genus— Hadrocnemus,—which is based upon the extraordinary

development of the anterior and intermediate tibife in the

males, about which Erichson says nothing in his generic

diagnosis, though he mentions this character in the description

of H. azwreus, and it is also to be found in his HZ. festivus, of

which he only knew the female, the type being the Hastern

HH. (Malachius) letus, F. The name Hadrocnemus, applicable

as it is, is not really required, there being a complete tran-

sition in the development of the tibie of the male from the

species in which they are greatly swollen and eroded (ZZ. sum-

tuosus, Boh., &c.) to those in which they are simple, as in the

female.

The synonymy of the eight African species enumerated by

Kraatz will stand as follows :—

1. Hadrocnemus conradti, Kr. (8 2?) (pp. 60, 271), from

Bismarckburg, Togo= Hapalochrus malachioides, Fairm.

(1887). Quoted in my paper (sp. no. 16) as ‘ H. con-

radti, Pic, in litt. (2), in the synonymy of /7/. malachi-

odes.

. Hadrocnemus ceruleus, Kr. (g 2?) (p. 60), no locality

given, but presumably from Togo, may or may not be

synonymous with the common and widely-spread W.-

African Hapalochrus azureus, Kr. (=ceruleus, Murr.,

1867) (No. 38 of my paper). The specific name, in any

case, is preoccupied for an insect absolutely congenerie.

Kraatz’s specimens (length 43-42 mm.) appear to be a

little larger than any of those referred by me to H. azu-

reus ; he describes the ¢ as having “ femoribus tibiisque

auticis intermediis testaceis, dilatatis, his extus nigris,”

and the elytra as nude in @ and shortly pilose in ?!

3. Hadrocnemus srnke, Kr. (g 2 ) (p. 61), from Mombasa.

Not recognizable in the material examined by me. The

length is given as 3 lin., presumably in error for 3 mill.,

as the insect is said to be small and the measurements of

the other species are given in millimetres.

4. Hadrocnemus purpuripennis, Kr. (2) (p. 61), from Bis-

marckburg, belongs to J/eterolaius, Champ. (ante,

pp. 178,179), as shown by the elongate subequal second

and third joints of the antenne in ?. It is doubtless

synonymous with Hapalochrus (Latus) inflaticornis,

Fairm. (type g, 1894, from the Congo) and H. (Laius)

violaceicollis, Pic (1907). This latter name was incor-

rectly given by me as violaceipennis (ante, p. 179).

—— Se ee

ee epee ieee _

Bibliographical Notice. 539

5. Hadrocnemus tenuicornis, Kr. ( ¢ ) (p. 62), from Bismarck-

burg. Not recognizable from the 2 only. Possibly a

near ally of Hapalochrus filicornis, Champ., from N.

Rhodesia.

6. Hadrocnemus viridis, Kr. (9 ) (p. 62), from Bismarekburg.

This may be synonymous with Hapalochrus fissipes,

Champ., types (¢ ¢ ) from the Congo, but in the absence

of the ¢ of A. viridis nothing definite can be stated.

7. Hadrocnemus spectabilis, Kr. (¢ 2) (p. 271), from Niger-

Benue= Hapalochrus constrictipes, Champ. (sp. no. 15).

The name spectabiis was used by Ancey in 1883 for

another species of the same section of the genus, and

that of Kraatz must be sunk as a synonym,

8. Hadrocnemus 4-pustulatus, Kr. (3) (p. 272), from Niger-

Benue= LTapalochrus nobilis, Kr. (1843) (sp. no. 4 of

my paper), the type of which wasa 9.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Monograph of the Lacertide. By G. A, Boutenenr. Vol. I.

British Museum (Natural History), 1920. Pp. x+352. Price £2.

Tuts Monograph differs in plan from the other Catalogues issued by

the Natural History Museum in recording, on a scale not hitherto

attempted, the range of variation in each of the species. This is

done, not only by the definition of named varieties where these can

be recognized, but also by full descriptions of the variations of

coloration and markings and by tabulation of the measurements

and lepidosis of all the specimens examined. The vast extent of

the material dealt with is shown by the fact that of the single

species Lacerta muralis with its thirty-one named varieties the

tables give particulars of about twelve hundred specimens. The

present volume deals only with the three genera Nucras, Lacerta,

and Algiroides—the remaining genera, nineteen in number, being

reserved for the second volume, which is stated to be ready for

printing.

The importance of this work does not lie only in its wealth of

descriptive detail. Ina series of memoirs published in the ‘ Trans-

actions of the Zoological Society’ and elsewhere, the author has

expounded his views on the evolution of the Lacertide, and he

here presents in systematic form the final results of his researches.

Starting from the principles laid down in EKimer’s well-known work

on the evolution of markings in the wall-lizard, and combining

with these a close study of structural characters for the most part

neglected by Eimer, Dr. Boulenger has been able to map out a

phylogenetic scheme for the whole family, to present a rational

arrangement of the bewildering variety of forms presented by some

540 Geological Society.

of the species, and to correlate systematic relationships with geogra-

phical distribution. He believes that this evolution has proceeded

by “a combination of orthogenetic and adaptive modifications

which have led to various parallel series in this family.”

The publication of this volume coincides with Dr. Boulenger’s

retirement from the service of the Natural History Museum, and

all zoologists must regret that the most distinguished of living

herpetologists is no longer officially connected with the unrivalled

collection which he has done so much to build up.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

May Sth, 1920.—Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S.,

Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘A Natural “ Holith” Factory beneath the Thanet Sand.’ By

Samuel Hazzledine Warren, F.G.S.

The paper describes a section in the Bullhead Bed at Grays,

where the conditions have been favourable for the chipping of the

flints by subsoil pressure. There is evidence of extensive solution

of the Chalk beneath the Tertiary deposits, and the differential

movements thus brought about have occasioned much slickensiding,

and remarkable effects in the chipping of the flints.

In the Author’s opinion the section affords the most complete

and conclusive evidence hitherto obtained in support of the theory

of the origin of the supposed Holithic implements by purely natural

agencies. There are not only the simpler Kentish types, such as

notches, bowscrapers, and the like, but also the larger and more

advanced forms of rostro-carinates which are characteristic of the

sub-Crag detritus-bed. Careful digging enables the pressure-points

of one stone against another and the resultant chipping effects to

be studied in detail; and in many instances the flakes removed can

be recovered and replaced.

A few examples are more than merely Eolithic in character. If

such exceptional examples were removed from their associates, and

also from the evidences of the geological forces to which they have

been exposed, no investigator could be blamed for accepting them

without question as of Mousterian workmanship. Individual

specimens may often deceive: in order to distinguish a geological

deposit of chipped flints from the débris of a prehistoric chipping-

floor, it is necessary to base one’s judgment upon fairly representa-

tive groups, and also to take into consideration the circumstances

in which they have been discovered.

541

INDEX to VOL. VI.

ABRICTA, new species of, 456,

Abrocomia, new species of, 419.

Acari, new, 121.

Acomys, new species of, 101.

Akodon, new species of, 418.

Alcides, new species of, 391.

Alexander, C. P., on African crane-

flies in the British Museum, 1, 336.

Amphibians, new, 106.

Amphilius, new species of, 171.

Ancylochiros, description of the new

genus, 141.

Ancylocnemis, characters of the new

genus, 387.

Andrewes, H. E., on Oriental Cara-

bide, 493.

Andrews, C. W., on remains of the

Great Auk and Ptarmigan, 166.

Anthophora, new species of, 203.

Ants, on British Oligocene, 81.

Aphodiocopris, characters of the

new genus, 432.

Arrow, G. J., on a new genus of

Lamellicorn beetles, 481; on a

peculiar new genus of Australian

beetles, 434; a new genus of

Clavicorn beetles, 437; on the

Oriental members of the Coleo-

pterous group Macrodactylides,

441.

Arthropods, fossorial, 65,

Ascaridia, new species of, 285.

Aves, on remains of, 166.

Aviculariide, new, 141.

Bagous, new species of, 386.

Barbus, new species of, 105, 169.

Baylis, H. A., on Oxyuris paronai,

v. Linst., 123; on some parasitic

worms from Kast Africa, 283; on

a new Siamese nematode, 408.

Beddard, F. E., on the genus Tricho-

drilus, 227.

Belonoglanis, new species of, 175.

Bibliographical notices, 440, 490,

539.

Botia, new species of, 60.

Boulenger, G. A., on new frogs in

the British Museum, 106; on new

snakes in the British

108.

Brade-Birks, 8S. G., on a millipede

new to science, 564; notes on

Myniapoda, 470.

Brown, J. M., on a new termito-

philous Collembolan from West

Africa, 480,

Byrebistus, characters of the new

genus, 466.

Bythoscopus, new species of, 467.

Callicratides, new species of, 160.

Calman, W.'T’., on a whale-barnacle

from Antarctic Seas, 165; on

Pyenogonida from the South

Orkney Islands, 244; on a new

species of the Isopod genus Se-

rolis, 299,

Calocoris, new species of, 163,

Campion, H., on some Gompbine

dragonflies from South America,

130.

Camponotus, new species of, 93.

Carabidee, papers on, 493.

Carabites, new species of, 65, 68.

Cephalophus, new species of, 530.

Ceratocheilus, new species of, 16.

Ceratopogon, on use of generic

name, 127,

Cestodes, new, 227, 291.

Chamberlin, R. V.,onnew Chilopods >

of the genus Mecistocephalus, 328.

Champion, G. C., on various African

and Asiatic species of Hapaio-

chrus, 177, 249, 305; supplemen-

tary note on the genus Hapalo-

chrus, Er., 537.

Chilopods, new, 328.

Chrysomelites, new species of, 68, 71.

Cicadidee, new, 455.

Cirripedia, new, 165.

Cixius, new species of, 461.

Clarias, new species of, 170.

Clavicornia, new, 437.

Cligenes, new species of, 154.

Clovia, new species of, 465,

Clydonodozus, new species of, 341.

Cockerell, T. D. A., on fossil Arthro-

Museum,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vi. 37

542 INDEX.

pods in the British Museum, 65,

211; descriptions and records of

bees, 201.

Coleoptera, new, 177, 249, 305, 441,

537,

Colfax, characters of the new genus,

504.

Compseuta, new species of, 156.

Copepoda, notes on, 214.

Corinthus, description of the new

genus, 155.

Cristovallia, description of the new

genus, 149.

Crustacea, new, 220.

Ctenomys, new species of, 119, 248,

420.

Cucujinus, characters of the new

genus, 458,

Curculionidie, new, 569.

Curculionites, new species of, 70.

Cylindrophis, new species of, 108.

Cynodontia, new, 506,

Cyphoderus, new species of, 480.

Delias, new species of, 400.

lepanycteris, characters of the new

genus, 271.

Dichelomorpha, new species of, 444.

Dicranomyia, new species of, 2.

Dicranoptycha, new species of, 20.

Diphycerus, new species of, 451.

Diptera, notes on, 365,

Dirias, new species of, 273.

Discognathus, new species of, 169,

Distant, W. L., on Rhynchota from

New Caledonia, 143, 456; on a

new genus and species of Cica-

didee, 455.

Distcechurus, new species of, 537.

Dolichoderus, new species of, 88.

Donisthorpe, H. St. J. K., on British

Oligocene ants, 81.

Echinoderms, note on, 295.

Edwards, I’. W., on the use of the

generic name ’ Ceratopogon, 127;

on scent- organs(?) in female

midges, 365.

Hlaps, new species of, 109.

EJepbantomyia, new species of, 18.

tmballonura, new species of, 534.

Emplastus, new genus, 86.

Wnicoderus, new species of, 377.

Kophlebotomus, description of the

new genus, 212.

Eriboea, new species of, 405.

Eriocera, new species of, 360,

Ksrioptera, new species of, 27,

Erotylites, new species of, 71.

Hiuponera, new species of, 85.

Falecaustra, new species of, 408.

Faliscus, description of the new

genus, 161.

Fossil arthopods, new, 65, 211.

Frontodes, characters of the new

genus, 381.

Garra, new species of, 54.

Gastropoda, notes on, 525.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 247, 491, 540.

Gnophomyia, new species of, 38.

Gomphine, new, 150.

Gomphoides, new species of, 132.

Gonomyia, new species of, 35.

Gunadhya, description of the new

genus, 164.

Gurney, R., on the British species of

the Copepod genus Nitocra, 214.

Habropoda, new species of, 201

Hapale, new species of, 269,

Hapalochrus, new species of, 185,

249, 305, 537.

Hinton, M.A, C., on the species of

Pedetes inhabiting Angola, 102;

on three new mammals from

Northern Rhodesia, 239; on the

Duikers referred to Cephalophus

max welli, 529,

Hinton, M. A. C., and Kershaw,

P. S., on mammals from the

Dinka Country, 95.

Hirst, S., notes on Acari parasitic on

birds, 121.

Hymenoptera, new, 201.

Iphisomus, new species of, 369.

Isopods, new, 299.

Isothrix, new species of, 277.

Jassus, new species of, 468.

Juanaria, characters of the new

genus, 455.

Kerivoula, new species of, 240,

Kershaw, P.S., see Hinton, M. A.C.

KXolla, new species of, 469.

Labeo, new species of, 104,

Labidura, new species of, 212.

Lachnophoroides, new species of,

153,

Lagidium, new species of, 421.

Lamellicornia, new, 451.

Lecteria, new species of, 337.

Leptognathus, new species of, 110.

Leucotaphus, description of the new

genus, 89.

Leurops, new species of, 375.

Lichens, new, 482.

Limnobia, new species of, 4.

ND RX. 543

Limnophila, new species of, 352.

Lonchothrix, description of the new

genus, 115.

Lonnberg, E., and Rendahl, H., on

some freshwater fishes from Lower

Congo, 167,

Macrochilus, new species of, 498,

Macropes, new species of, 151.

Macropocopris, characters of the

new genus, 435.

Mammals, new, 95, 102, 111, 113,

116, 289, 243, 266, 416, 417, 422,

529, 535.

Marmosa, new species of, 280,

Marshall, G. A. K., on new species

of Curculionide from Africa, 369.

Mecistocephalus, new spec:es of, 528,

Mevaccelum, new species of, 162.

Melampsalta, new species of, 459.

Mello- Leitéo, on a new genus of

Avicwaride, 141.

Mereschkovsky, C., on some new

forms of Lichens, 482,

Microcerotermes, new species of, 477.

Microhyla, new species of, 107.

Microsciurus, new species of, 275,

Microthrissa, new species of, 168.

Mimetillus, new species of, 240,

Mirrbina, description of the new

genus, 155,

Mouia, characters of the new genus,

460.

Myoprocta, new species of, 279.

Myriapoda, notes on, 364, 470.

Nehela, new species of, 467.

Nemachilichthys, new species of, 62.

Nematodes, new, 283, 408.

Nemesianus, description of the new

genus, 162.

Neocypus, new species of, 152.

Neosurenus, description of the new

genus, 140.

Nisia, new species of, 462.

Nobarnus, description of the new

genus, 156.

Nomia, new species of, 206.

Notoryctes, new species of, 111.

Nysius, new species of, 151.

Octomys, new genus and species of,

La bef

Oncopeltus, new species of, 150,

Onthophagus, new, 434.

Oochoristica, new species of, 292.

Oxyuris paronai, description of, 123,

Pareutropius, new genus, 105,

Pedetes, new species of, 102.

Pegala, new species of, 147.

Petalocephala, new species of, 466.

Phacochcerus, new species of, 416,

Philia, new. species of, 144.

Pipistrellus, new species of, 533.

Pisces, new, 45, 104, 167.

Ploiariola, new species of, 158.

Pogonomys, new species of, 554.

Polycheles, new species of, 226.

Pomeroy, A. W. J., on new species

of African Simuliide, 72.

Ponera, new species of, 85.

Protacmon, characters of the new —

venus, 518,

Protostrophus, new species of, 371.

Pseudolimnophila, new species of,

347.

Pterolichus, new species of, 121.

Ptyelus, new species of, 463.

Pycnogonida, on a collection of,

_ @44.

Rana, new species of, 106.

Ranturra, description of the new

eenus, 149,

Rao, C. R. N., on new Cyprinoid

tishes from Mysore, 45.

Rattus, new species of, 423.

Regan, C. T., on new fishes from

the Tanganyika Territory, 104.

Rendahl, H., see Lounberg, E.

Iveptilia, new, 108, 506.

Rhamphidia, new species of, 21.

Rhopalocera, new, 398.

Rhynchomeles, characters of the

new genus, 430.

Rhynchota, new, 145, 456.

Rhytirrhinus, new species of, 385.

Robson, G. C., observations on

Paludestrina ulve and ventrosa,

525.

tothschild, Lord, on a new Wart-

hog, 416.

Sastrapada, new species of, 159.

Selenocephalus, new species of,

467.

Serolis, new species of, 301.

Silvestri, F., a new termite from

Mesopotamia, 477.

Simulium, new species of, 73.

Smith, G. A., on young specimens of

Anthenea sp., 295.

Stenon.ys, new species of, 425.

Stereomastis, new species of, 224.

Subulura, new species of, 286.

Sund, O., on the ‘ Challenger’ Eryo-

nidea, 220,

Synodontis, new species of, 173.

Syntaphus, new species of, 84.

o44

Syringophilus, new species of, 121.

Systates, new species of, 380.

Talbot, G., on new Rhopalocera

from Central Ceram, 598.

Tartessus, new species of, 468.

Taterona, new species of, 97.

Termites, new, 477, 480.

Tetralonia, new species of, 205.

Tetraloniella, new species a 204.

Teucholabis, new species of, 25.

Thelazia, new species of, 288.

Thomas, O., on Notoryctes in North-

west Australia, 111; on a new

genus of Echimyine, 113; on

mammals from near Tinogasta,

Catamarca, 116; on a new Tuco-

tuco from Tucuman, 242; on

mammals from the Lower Ama-

zons, 266; on small mammals

from North-western Rioja, 417 ;

on mammals from Ceram, 422;

INDEX.

on new smal] mammals from New

Guinea, 533.

Tipulide, new, 1, 336.

Trentepohlia, new species of, 40,

336.

Ueana, new species of, 457.

Ugyops, new species of, 468.

Uromys, new species of, 426.

Utilitaria, description ‘of the new

genus, 159.

Watson, D. M. %.,

dontia, 506.

Willemoesia, new species of, 225.

Xenoceraspis, characters of the new

genus, 453.

Xiphaspis, characters of the new

genus, 395.

Xylocopa, new species of, 203.

Zamenis, new species of, 109.

Zelotomys, new species of, 245.

Zonophora, new species of, 156.

on the Cyno-

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CONTENTS OF NUMBER 36.—Ninth Series.

Page

LVIII. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—V. By H. E. Axprewes. 493

LIX. On the Cynodontia. By D. M.S. Wamson....:.....<... 506

ak: Observations « on the Succession of the Gastropods Paludes-

trina ulve and ventrosa in ‘Brackish Water. By G. C. Rosson, BAYS Bo!

LXI. Note on the Duikers hitherto referred to Cephalophus

LXII. New small Mammals from New Guinea. By Oxprisup

THOMAS ne mp - 633

LXIII. Supplementary Note on the Gens Hapatocr us, bis ee

[Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F:Z.8.0 20.00.50. Sie hee ed

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