ee ee ee Se wg i i are es he

a a tee ae ee 316. SA - orm Hise SF

Tht ok tke Lhe ee ae oF pet ins *: a tat -— Pagans.

ew cetmbei mete, WEL Pena E Np Ries hve AES pate akaeye Sn. bAeperieey

eS lee Wi tece ROR SP RROT ME ES Say . we

UTF Sone DOE WP Deeg POW Fee a4 Went, »

ite te ects ede ca, re - Won, Beier

See eae ee oe ee Oe Ania diets ean te

pS igre BIRR RIES Ia udp Ewha £5 ly i ‘ ° Pao, Saieabs

Serge eee ee ie es ae 2 <a “aed . we

wees bel big tate ia TINIE Asai. S'pea wa Y ¢ . .

CP EeePC gE MOS Ger EE Pete He} x . a

MAA adh det Meine hee ba oe ee ee vat wt 5

rad 0 ONT gore ary CLPeVirrisewn

Od-raie t eee eee July Pe Aes .

FP gee vs! veers ve =

2 gS OD aTe

" PELTAS 4

oe ews

. i Oe viene yy MO eS T wk LES y

wre Ptr vetes ove wate’ ‘ » wie es

. ee oe rey Pie. eee

% he v wre ses a owe .

vale | we ree v

. © « - voy . . v9 -. . - +

‘ ‘ i ¥ - a . ve v : . wer

> . ~ ~ ¥ ** ’ _

ws t x st a ee tee ee | eves 7

ve . “on . wwe hk

. * J . er erw ete . oie .

fre : . nee . wee

° ; s . sven + Jet nls

a ve . : ’ . eves

. : “ v é wwe ~ has

ews as ' switws 7 CEOs wok +

“ : 7 ees

~ «tet * erry 3 ve >

wes vr ew vv > oor

-~ ad . a seve ’

ee aad . . Ye Wye ’ :

ss t .° eye ‘ . cee =

p22 telly ex om tees e * z : ; f : ‘

hice Ceri r* ° ? . ¢ ver . ove

ali = ¥ is . . * ‘ v ¥ ¥ me z * . ee

r : - f 4 ’ ps . ’ ¥ “7

rab . . . . « . . .- . . f .

. - rw — - rs ¥ . 4 ‘* : ~~ v . ¥ e : vr °

org tle vw ws . Urs » . * : ovey . : ¢ ‘¢ ¥ ~ere . :

Pale ra ehy vee . VS si : . . ne ern . : vely v * > ae be : we ae .

oe Stes VV VSS ry id ‘ ¢ “y ? we ee ye ewh'e ‘ ‘ aed vee

. Ss ¢ “ 2

r « i “ . i : ws ia ¥ : .

‘ 7% * . aoeve vr rw rs sal ied » ntl ite hed : :

; ba . v? ° ® bd ** 7 : . 2 . . ¥ > ‘

‘ 4 i had ; awe ¢ we ° ’ 2 . = " :

- ’ ete |) e's * . . . ,

- ; > ve a ee ok . . < . es Z . . e% J yee’ . < ’ *

° ’ et PROT ’ foe 5 « : $y : ‘ v "

ro ’ bk Satins . “ = wlewiy yy ores ~~ 7% ¢ « - Ne

ove ¥ é XS oty

é ‘ . : we% x

ee wy eres TT Se9 Ty . = ~ % o<e : oF

re vires * vue : z s ‘ Pe hy ; 7 : +e ’ a

oe | . . ’ « . 7 s : Sere ‘*

vows re Pr Ce we Te yer Te ow ‘ ’ . 3 we . vrveee Ye ow

ve tele deh a re ‘ ‘ ry P . oy . ¥ - _—

Tr revives a ee i | vRS <o . - * . 7" . ye ta wey 3 . « 7

’ « or wees ? w F * . vy

“ Ver eee Uwee Seas . é + . é ; ay 4 - ’ :

: < 4 . Tew . . . i ha

. aia : . f ‘ ; - ore . . 4

. " : . . . ~ adh dl ‘

- rerwes - 7 * a - * . m Ja

we ee ee ee eee

iia iaiiie

\ ’

py wien Wwe ee uby

7 .

. = a

3 : ’ ’ +

te ele

idan Mediathde Mel ne ede Se ee ae Oe ea

tactical cidihdidi Led

Ae ar ee

Whe ee rigeg ig gmt

Sep ye Ppa kpoanpagigie ty aie

aia 3h pophrlnsany

ee no OP Tre he Crean peer

near FEW phgaion

Pee EL PEE PP agg

ER ye eee ee

Fy Fitaig ge trie

Os ath aah ie wots os cri ernie

Sey ete TH Re. ere a

ower ee eee ee ee

rvs. et te te sugrepae gay

- ¥en Were ve gi dsidsaee

very evens Spee ad

a3 > oe aoe 4%

we we err = vg *

ve ed FEM lye eet

: : > — .

y " 9

a Wekwws PSF Mistedter-v

ae MBP OR as ONG Se wll We BS ST oe _* i Y

AAV AANA hed af feet bets, pyre.

Ads fore neni ins

«!

phe An ‘ a te a

rT v Pip! la *\nr ‘ Se "\Aee eo

: / oa |

HT eer saiinecnan pees STINT: well mi gg ORIE non 9s

Ketan.

"yg gee ‘bgylrinegy

n~ “4

opy ens) NANA Aas, all ata ee ies, v.

ad Poe

ae) “ee Z| eae" “te,

ten Wage WN fit Nw 0 VSR Sruhe caper re

yyy TL Ae aaa RRR pOppay'

it &S

A \

"Sry. Wy

A ¢ a4 ‘ — ay’ + @e@Acan ~a APRA

POD 4. A CAA AAS ie A | :

~ * : Uses SS pyaar ewan ne SOLUTE SUC UD De acute

fi nee : eta ' oy Tht LACE ww

ae honed AL WA | VV val Be a ac Ag! ||! won SEY, (pin \y y. iy He:

N «4p Pisin’ on Ap »: ~ Ww ean An ’ Ny Ap: ee

~ Wie gh APE aes A SL | Le SSOP CUI Ty ata EMESE TAU

m TTL ha) “eanane « EU rte Te ir Pane

Ptirewaite a eb igg.t ; wt, Yue, PR One | balay

wage erwaver) UptHeeceace | ah anetey TTT THIET AT SHEETS |

| yr NMS, eaene be I Lu | | ro wa A 4 OU

-* ww ~ ‘ we A bad —

. At y' + Pay ye ~ pet ’ Vid

Warinnresss: ween. ? YEE a. anit,

= xn

weer ANI AA | , *e\

TOT rata teteverecente “tee vanratilay gyn tettt nn

‘ AS Sates nea oot eeee eS aM

Pe haw AAS a RR MT AR SM NE nS pa ON

} a 4 ew Ve Atv. Y ‘ » .

| POEL Pere! | Ll) Ome ‘gl NO -ec. bl) we? We at ve

LO Rh ~ wv

we sAARAne™

st Ae aves

be oO ST a Ss

N “yas, gts NPEPAA 1) a Vee hy on my

ae) Y e rv a p

MJ {(~ a ewe oS al +4ny | ‘wi GA

ni}

Post? L te LAS

ay Kaen fal ett,

re Hovyiye: | ort NN ‘Wvy Thek ie es ae A

LO \idiahe wg? Patt |W Weynsee> 3 Vesuns Ng ee we) ae rf

r 60y h Wyss CN eee S Tine vir Ny ae oey

eg : S strs TMM hati

eee Tenet FTE peta cabinet

od iz) OT adh AY v Sy" wae vat F | be

ree ree wy r | A ee wre wes ws Uo deete Lb ANG

= ag Wk Sa Ww : %y wr Ah ie g 6 ‘ese WL ‘ad SEA ee ewig Spree WY AA),

gt Ohne al VS ear and Oi! ULLAL | Ul Sgt a

eT Ln | we _d Tt. yew! 14 ey See Vw EN Ur ht vy ad Ae

wee he Vi a dd hel TT eM he Se Wine og Pe Mey

ie woci nar VU iby oe Wy >. te ‘yy Shoe eh yer te ceste. Ve yi Pee.

~ Mo a me galt ALE *) | attr) Mt TELE gi% LAS et et

“ ‘=< ~, a The | i Sy wo vlgs Oy, { tein tie Shell wel) ~~ Sage OR Ry F 4 f ” ye

es (>< me Oe ie | Bete 3 brett |

pongo tener” I Vupeyiety: Ay et ete 7 ie w Vue’ peceanteyen EERE

ae a i pathy sash * Wy allie Gs : ye Se Mw rer | wwe? vyey Wy

TPP ORR ie | i TEE ES PETE EE TS SOE oi

ree ’

en apr a A WW

Ba: ene

, oF io hi! ays ta

Peat Hye Bh.

P Fi ) aoe

el a

: ak

: Pi ‘an

ry ‘

hs 9

WAV A Tee

a) Oo hee

Reet |

han

ad ee

| THE ANNALS ;

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.

(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND

CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ )

CONDUCTED BY

WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,

SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Sc.D., F.B.S.,

AND

RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S. ao

~~ +\\$0l ial instity Pea

VEN Wop \

ie oe S77 On a

Aelional Muse

VOL. VIL—NINTH SERIES,

LOLS

LONDON:

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.

SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN.

1921.

“Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientiz et potentie testes, divitie felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Harum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper estimata ;

4 veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”—Linnavs.

** Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir quelle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.’—Bruckner, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

pike Pere tamewe 2) + pat OSyLyennOoOwers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.

CONTENTS OF VOL, VII.

[NINTH SERIES. ]

NUMBER 37.

I. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—V. Oligocene

Hymenoptera from the Isle of Wight. By T. D. A. CockrrELL,

ittveenty Gis CLOLGUG? ¢ c,h 0) Sait. aie-n vp Syora ss SH uid ve eb, Srelain at

II. Further Notes on Platypodide and Scolytide collected by

Mr. G. E. Bryant and others. By Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.E.S.

III. On Three new Parasitic Mites (Leptus, Schdngastia, and

MAnOdeE se Ley SEAMEN TUROE. Ae Gils cele cmc & ta0d'ys ta jen Bln apie

IV. On the Occurrence of Lusitanian Brachiopods in the Persian

Gulf. By J. Witrrip Jackson, F.G.S. (Manchester Museum)

V. New Chilopoda and Diplopoda from the East Indian Region.

By Raten V. CuamBeriin, Museym of Comparative Zoology,

Srmprmee: asey Uma! seed Ooi o wek Mra d ole Gen Nee bce ee el eh ee

VI. New and little-known Species of Ants from various

| Mocalities,.. “By. W. ©, Ceawitmy, Ban yoni file ee et

VIL. Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the Collection

of the British Museum (Natural History): Tipulide, Diptera.—

Part I. Subfamily Tipuline. By Caarues P, ALEXANDER, Ph.D.,

NE pisgumer ober: USA gs» ote lclatey it ob, eee le were c18t alles shy BS eis a 8

VIII. Some new Insular Squirrels of the Callosciurus caniceps-

coneolor Group from Peninsular Siam. By OLpriretp THomas and

EUW SR Ey Cr RENO © ciGrarars sia, cocoa c,| ole. binso,0 2) eyeseyejere sid ive) s

Page

lv CONTENTS.

Pago

IX. Descriptions of new Chalcidoid Flies from Coimbatore, South

India. By S. A. RonweEr, Honorary Custodian of Hymenoptera,

US. National Museum ..... +s» sean wale semi laterals + sli walls 123

X. A new Tuco-tuco from Bolivia, By OtpFietp THomas ..,. 186

XI. Two new Aquatic Annelids. By HinpERic FRIEND ..,... 187

XII. New Species of Palearctic Simuliide in the British Museum

(Diptera Nematocera). By F. W. Epwarps

Proceedings of the Geological Society. .....ccssseceveeeeeeeeres 144

NUMBER 38.

XIII. On a new Chelonian from the Kimmeridge Clay of

Swindon. By CHartes W. AnpReEws, D.Sc., F.R.S. (British

Museum, Natural History) £0 ...20di6 oe bo ss 0 Se sree sielelsh aleiew wwielt 145

XIV. On a new Species of the Oligochete Genus Thamnodrilus

(Beddard), with Notes on Th. gulielmi. By Franx E, Bepparp,

REA TSE: Bus 9.5 8 bd Spin Bliss d hiitcasd 0.5 5.o)0 ately We 153

XV. Exotic Muscaride (Diptera)—I. By J. R. Mattocs,

x banas WEY ES, Be 68.08 G5 4 oi eters 4b evans nee 4 ee 161

XVI. The Reproduction of Deep-sea Fishes. By J. D. F. Gir-

CHRIST, MSAS ec, (Plated) Uinciirns + <sctecasjces bh ener 173

XVII. Two new Muride discovered in Paraguay by the Marquis

de Wavrin. By OLDETELD THOMAS ci50s siiie Caetdy ase tee melas 177

XVIII. A new Mountain Vizcacha (Lagidium) from N.W. Pata-

gonia,, By Oupwmryp THOMAD | , Aeliceains pe itdayn sts te ats «geet te 179

XIX. A new Monkey and a new Squirrel from the Middle Me-

kong, on the Eastern Frontier of Siam. By OLpFreLp Tuomas ., 181

XX. New Rhipidomys, Akodon, Ctenomys, and Marmosa from the

Sierra Santa Barbara, 8.E. Jujuy. By OLprreLp THomas

XXI. Abnormal Legs in Frogs. By W. Harotp Leren-SHarpe,

Bos Be iy Gross i ee ae re hb ROTA RTOS Da pee cE i 187

CONTENTS, Vi

Page

XXII. Ona small Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians made by

Mr. Goodfellow in E, Bolivia (1918-19). By Joan B. Procrsr,

POY Ae alse v5.6 i ato 0d 6 coe a GaN Miao ats ak exten a's 189

XXIII. On new Forms of South-American Birds. By C. Cuuss,

MMR ee EIT «o's «a Peat Nara date aia ae Se oa nn ase here de 192

XXIV. Paraonyx, a new Genus of Clawless Otter discovered by

Capt. J. E. Philipps, M.C., in Central Africa. By Martin A. C.

ETENVON Rigo tate rmets digas ult es isc eae Meee hated ley red ee 194

NUMBER 339,

XXV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XC. By T. D. A.

Cocxunreny, University of Colorado <2... . iiidvcc secede scecses 201

XXVI. A Preliminary Study of the Structure and Function of

the Cutaneous Glands in the Terrestrial Isopoda. By WaLrTer E.

CoxuincE, D.Sc., F.L.S., The University, St. Andrews. (Plates

I ee A ak cosh ats crane Naa td Pepin Anse in, 0 HVE PRS MAT Oba Dae 212

XXVII. A Note on the Tail of Spelerpes fuseus, Bonaparte. By

JORM BE NPROGHTHR POG. a5... cvritass cian teh debi badabn 222

XXVIII. The Systematic Value of the Glans Penis in Macaque

Monkeys: By ih. 1 Pocoem, Pies 0.0 ys 08 cack ook 224

XXIX. A new Species of Bassaricyon. By R.I. Pocock, F.R.S; 229

XXX. Two new Indo-Malayan Rats. By Herperr C. Rosin-

as ROY IMME pe. dist nt) wc lat mama wat hn ols Gai Betas my a eiplelis avers oe vaio td» Ae 234

XXXI. Two new British Entomostraca: Alona protzt, Hartwig,

and a new Species of Mesochra in Norfolk. By Roprerr Gurney,

XXXII. On a new Genus and Species of Shrew, and some new

Muride from the East-Indian Archipelago. By OLpF1IELD Tuomas, 243

XXXII. Notes on the East Asiatic Members of the Species

Sciurus vulgaris, Linn., with Descriptions of Two new Subspecies.

By Semon py ©. Sownssy, B.Z:5., F.R.GB. ad eee ss clee dea 249

Proceedings of the Geological Society ............ee ree es 254, 255

vl CONTENTS.

NUMBER 40,

Page

XXXIV. On Thysanoptera from the Seychelles Islands and

Rodrigues. By Ricnarp 8. Baenaxt, F.R.S.E., F.L.S. (Plates

DV SVU ie hee bis 6 seis aie ss Woks PR Iane Se ee eve en 257

XXXY. On the Genus Grammostola, Simon. By Metuo-

LerrAo, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of Sciences........ 293

XXXVI. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera).—1V. Ethio-

pian Species. By Cartes P. ALtExanpEer, Ph.D., Urbana,

Pisaaia, WAS AS 6s kG two dca: Cee EE OR Ean ees eee 305

XXXVII. Notes on various African and Asiatic Species of

Laius, Guérin, with an Account of their aecessory ¢ -characters

[Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion;¥.Z.S. (Plate VIII.)........ 322

XXXVIIT. On some Additional Species of the Genus Hapalo-

chrus, Er. [Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.S............. 544

XXXIX. A remarkable Styelid Tunicate from Spitzbergen. By

Dr. Aucusta ARNBACK-CHRISTIE-LINDE, Riksmuseum, Stockholm. 347

XL. On a Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians from the Island

of Ceram, Indo-Australian Archipelago. By Matcoum A. Suir,

HS and DOAN DB. PROCTER, PMs. sq.sa<sid ca. cic ae case ee 352

XLI. Brief Descriptions ofnew Thysanoptera.—XI. By RicHarp

Bp. BAGNALL, JRS.E., PLS. oa Plate x) iy... cc Sens s evens 355

XLII. Some new African Mammals. By Marrin A.C. Hinton. 368

XLII. Seven new Species of Pselliophora (Diptera, Tipulide).

Bye VAY WARDS - 3850: 5 SAAR ee ae Seat tt hem ae eee Ss 373

XLIV. Two remarkable new Ruteline Beetles from Indo-China.

By Giupert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S. (Plate X.) ............ 378

XLY. New Foxes of the Genera Cerdocyon and Pseudalopex from

Northern Argentina. By OLprimtp THOMAS ..............+... 381

New Books :—British Mammals. Written and Illustrated by A.

THoRBURN, F.Z.S. Vol. 1—The Natural History of South

Africa: Mammals. By F. W. Firzsrmons, F.Z.8. &c., Director,

Porc.Llizebeth'Musetm :°; 32. Meee a ees Geass oe 385, 386

Proceedings of the Geological Society ........ cece eee eens 387, 388

CONTENTS. Vii

NUMBER 41,

XLVI. On a Marine Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. By

i: Bouton Newron, 1.8,0.,F.G.S. (PICA EY vee. sce eevee 889

XLVII, Papers on Oriental Carabide.—VI. By H.E.AnpREwes. 404

XLVIII. New Fishes from Deep Water off the Coast of Natal.

Toye Are WRGAN A NASH iase 4: « « dics hy aah cele ns < isda Oh in 412

XLIX. Exotic Muscaride (Diptera).—II. By J. R. Matxocn,

err eiatit te Wile Ue eee Ame nae a ry, 0 «ahs car RURARS Certik owvaldire oc Ge aks 420

L. A Note on the Dipterous Subfamily Ditomyine, with Descrip-

tions of new Recent and Fossil Forms. By F. W. Epwarps ..,. 431

LI. A Note on the Subfamily Bruchomyiine (Diptera Nemato-

CATA eps NE Ok cA NY - MIDS AMR ENS g. ocair Sd hace soe viaterdrshtiea bares v0 437

LIT. On a small Bennettitalean Flower from the Wealden of

Sussex. By W.N. Epwarps. (Plate XII. figs. 1-3.) .......... 440

LUI. Note on Parka decipiens. By W.N. Epwarps, (Plate

SVE Hou eRe Uy ta cis ceases pace caver te che aaa a we Somat. 442

LIV. On Cavies of the Genus Caviella. By OLpFIELD THomas. 445

LV. New Stgmodon, Oryzomys, and Echimys from Ecuador. By

PUR TMU CEORUA Rots a's esha walk cies e die verte fcee/ae wate e Recah ees 448

LVI. A new Hispid Beetle injurious to Nipa Palm. By S,

Mavttik, Professor of Zoology in the University of Calcutta

NUMBER 42,

LVII. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—VI. Oligocene

Insects from Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. By T. D. A. CockEReEtt,

Witthversity Gf COlOradee o/c oy cate os acc pia lta eno as vi melas nls eve ole 453

LVIII. Records and Descriptions of Indian <Aeridide (Ortho-

ptera). By B. P. Uvarov, F.E.S., Assistant Entomologist, Im-

erin. Buren Of WtenIOlOPY! 4... 6. wsecleacincone ses ieee kvae es 480

LIX. On the Mite (Acarapis woodi, Rennie) associated with Isle

of Wight Bee Disease. By Stantey HimsT ...........0..050. 509

LX. Three new Species of Marmosa, with a Note on Didelphys

waterhouset, Tomes. By OLDFIFLD THOMAS .............0.005 519

LXI. The Tuco-tuco of San Juan, Argentina. By Onprreip

EREROREA Si athe cssiu,o Sater wersticel ss 5 Chere nee cal Meyer ibe. cht nie thule, Ooo e- ste ato: 5 523

LXII. The Arctonyx of Annam, By OLDFIELD THomas..,.,. 524

Index CRIS VMS MNES PSO OO MES SOC HOVMG Se De wre Gene es eee es eesee 525

PLATES IN VOL. VII.

PraTE I. A cluster of fish-eggs, attached to an Alcyonarian.

II.

III,

Cutaneous glands of Porcellio dilatatus, Latr.

Thysanoptera from the Seychelles Islands.

VIII. African and Asiatic Laius,

TX. Galls on Acacia arabica caused by Gynaikothrips obscu-

ripes, Bagn.

X. Ruteline beetles from Indo-China.

XI. Jurassic fossils from Central Arabia.

XII. Williamsoniella valdensis, sp.n., and Parka decipiens, Flem,

[NINTH SERIES. o> No: 97.

THE ANNALS

- MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

, ae INCLUDING

: ‘ ZOOLOGY, _ BOTANY, "AND GEOLOGY.

vA :

| hier No, 37.

JAN, 1921.

j _ CONDUCTED BY

|| WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R-S., F.L.S., F.G.S

5. SIR ARTHUR. i, pu: G.B. E. M.A.; So.D., F. R. 8., F. ZS

AND

RICHARD as FRANCIS, RZ S:

BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ ‘ ANNALS” COMBINED WITH

“MssRs, LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S “ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

——————

Double pees Price Seven Shillings.

yas ay we ae = sem ae

aS NATURALIST IN HIMALAYA. Pe ae

By Capt. R. W. G. H NGSTON, M.., LMS. oh I

= ~ Demy 8vo. Cloth. 16 page ‘Ifustrations, | “18s. net.

‘Tne Times” says :—‘ It will interest all who have Be “special, triste for natural

history. a

SOUTH AFRICAN ‘MAMMALS:

_A Short Manual for the Use of Field Naturalists, Grsaaen, and

- Travellers.

By ALWIN IN HAAGNER, FZ. &., ‘Director 2 National Zoological

Gardens of South Africa. aay aay. ean

Fully Illustrated. Demy: 8yo. £1 as

HF. & G. ete 326 High Holborn, sha Ww. C, 1.

-Just Published.

LAND AND aeaoraiar MOLLUSCA OF | abel

Part I., Vol. III. Price 2ls, _

By Lieut. “Col, A; AA, GODWIN-AUSTEN, ERS. we

With 7 Plates and 65. pages Text, with Descriptions of. mnany new

ponies belonging to the ie es Giussuta. te

x: TAYLOR ‘and Pecks Red Tien Gut Fleet , Street, ELC, 4.

ees 21s.

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH “INDIA |

ilnetudine: ‘Gayion and Burma).

Published under the authority of the SpeneSaEy: of State for India: in Council.

‘Medium 8vo, with Tevt Mlustr ations. ©

~ COLEOPTERA | (CHRYSOMELIDA),

Paxnon & Pacers Red aa Court, Fleet Street, FE ORY tbe

Rates for Advertisements in the Annals aad

Magazine of Natural History, —

One’ ‘Six ue _./ Pwelve

+2 Insertion. Insertions. Insertions.

PAGE feast BOO) 45450 each 2 102-0 each

-HALF- PAGE. ie ey AAD See edad FAG 55

QUARTER-PAGE Z VENIB OS. REO BSc: 1b 04:

EIGHTH-PAGE ee ees 0 a a O aay

All appiiareain fir space to be ae OAL eae es i

Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon. ~

Wie bs

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[NINTH SERIES.)

oer GREE ee per litora spargite muscum,

Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. =

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco f ! AR

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas JAN

Ferte, Dex pelagi, et pingui conchylia suceo.’

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, EclyJ.

No. 37. JANUARY 1921.

I.—Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—V. Oligocene

Ilymenoptera from the Isle of Wight. By T. D. A.

CocKkERELL, University of Colorado *

Tue British Museum contains a very large collection of

fossil insects from the Oligocene of Gurnet or Gurnard

Bay, in the Isle of Wight. ‘These are labelled as coming

from two sources, the Brodie and A’?Court Smith collections.

The Rev. P. B. Brodie, in his account of the Is'e of Wight

insect beds published by the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and

Archeologists’ Field Club in 1878, says :—

“‘T am indebted to Mr. A’Court Smith for specimens kindly

presented to me, and for others in exchange, and for an

account of the strata from which they were procured and

other particulars connected with them. By his long

residence in the Isle of Wight, and diligent search for the

fossils of the district, he has acquired an intimate knowledge

of the geology, and obtained the first and largest collection

of British Tertiary fossil Insects yet recorded.”

* T am greatly indebted to Dr. A. S. Woodward for permission to

study the British Museum series, and for facilities at the Museum.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 1

» Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

It is thus evident that the Brodie specimens are from the

same source as the others. In one case a specimen (In.

17,277) from the A’Court Smith collection proves to be the

reverse impression of one (I. 9387) obtained from Brodie.

The specimens labelled as from E. J. A?’Court Smith were

purchased in 1883, but a large collection remained in

Mr. A’Court Smith’s possession, and after his death was put

up at auction. Very fortunately it fell into good hands,

coming into the possession of Mr. R. W. Hooley.

Mr. Hooley has been good enough to send his collection to

the British Museum to be worked up with the other

materials. It includes not only the A’Court Smith series,

but also specimens collected by himself.

On sorting out all these materials, it is found that the

specimens tit for description constitute only a small minority.

Yet the others have a certain value, as their general

character can usually be recognised, and thus the total

absence of a number of families and genera now common in

Europe becomes more striking. Among the Diptera, for

instance, Culicide, Tipulidee, Psychodidz, Mycetophilide,

Bibionide, Stratiomyidz, and small acalyptrate Muscoids

are largely represented. A few specimens represent Asilide,

Bombyliidee (Systropus), Chironomide, Leptide, and Rhy-

phidee, but numerous families which might be expected are

absent. Itis obvious that the collections are by no means

fully representative of the Oligocene insect fauna of Britain ;

they represent in the maim a water-side fauna, that of a

moist semi-aquatic lowland, with many species breeding in

the water. The upland insects, and especially the antho-

plilous forms, are not preserv ed. It is important to realise

this, as otherwise it might be inferred that anthophilous

insects were rare or absent in Oligocene times. The rather

numerous bees from Baltic amber show that this was not

really the case, and indeed the amber also contains a number

of beautifully preserved flowers.

Among the Hymenoptera preserved at Gurnet Bay, we

find vast numbers of ants, of comparatively few species, and

many parasitic forms, nearly all the specimens representing

different species. There are also a few wasps of different

families, and some cyuipids which should have fed on the

oak and the rose. In dealing with the Ichneumonide and

Braconida, I have rarely been able to feel quite confident of

the generic assignments. ‘The species have an extremely

modern and commonplace appearance, but on comparing

them with living species, they usually differ in a number of

details. The bees in Baltic amber are all of extinct genera,

in the British Museum. 3

but the ants include both extinct and modern types, a few

hardly separable as species from those still living. There is

thus a rather strong probability that many of the Oligocene

Ichneumonids do really represent extinct genera, but the

evidence is not so complete and satisfactory as we could

wish. We have to depend almost wholly on tie venation,

and some of the modern genera, as geuerally understood,

show a wide range of variation in wing-characters. ‘To take

an extreme case, the Braconid or Alysiid genus Dacnusa

contains species so diverse that Foerster proposed to divide

it intol4 genera. Dacnusa or Phenolexis petiolata, Nees, is

extraordinarily different in venation from D. or Agonia

adducta, Hal. Jf these were found fossil, we should certainly

place them in different genera, assuming (contrary to the

actual facts) that wings so diverse must belong to very

distinct sorts of insects. Thus the matter is full of uncer-

tainties, as it stands at present, and it would be possible to

defend the proposal of several more generic names, or the

other extreme of noneat all. It must be said, however, that

the fossils were compared with all the figures in Morley’s

works on the British and Indian Ichneumonide, and with

those in Marshall’s writings on the Braconide, and other

publications, and with very numerous specimens in the

Museum collections, so that in some cases the failure to find

a satisfactory modern analogue created a strong presumption

in favour of an extinct genus.

HYMENOPTERA.

Key to Gurnet Buy Ichneumonidee*.

Aeolet PEOSONE iq oy slew als vd view aren re

PREAOIE ECBO G Eo 3 soc ois tim» <ite. oh 2 6.

1. Areolet distinctly pentagonal (Cryp-

tines or Ichneumonines).......... 2.

Areolet not pentagonal (Pimplines,

Tryphonines, or Ophionines)f.... 3,

* Abbreviations used in keys and descriptions :—Marginal or radial

cell, m.; first division of radius (radial cell on first submarginal), r. 1;

second division of radius, r.2; stigma, st.; areolet, ar.; submarginal cell,

s.m. (only closed cells counted, so that two cells are recognised where

some authors recognise three); basal nervure, b.u.; transverse median

nervure, t.-m. ; transverse cubital nervure, t.-c. ; recurrentnervures, r. n. 1,

r.u. 2; discoidal cells, disc. 1, 2, 3; combined first submarginal and

first discoidal cells, smd.; B.M., British Museum collection ; H., R. W.

Hooley collection; B., Brodie collection; A’C. Sm., A’Court Smith.

t+ Orthocentrus (Tryphonine) has the areolet pentagonal, but is not

like any of the fossils. drisa, Cameron (Ophionine), is described as

having areolet pentagonal, but Mr. Morley has made a pencilled marginal

note at the b.M. that it is quadrate in the type. He also notes that

the spiracles are exactly circular.

4 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

2, R.n. 1 nearly straight .........66. Stilpnus oligocenus, sp. 0.

R. n. 1 strongly curved ..........4. Ichneumon acourti, sp. n.

3. Stigma greatly elongated, not tri-

gonal; ar. small .......seeseeee Coleocentrus gurnetensis, sp. 0.

Stigma trigonal ........ seer eee eee é

4, B. n. going far basad of t.-m.; 1.1

BtTBISHb. Van ls wees os se an sinedeene Lithapechtis fumosus, sp. 0.

B.n, meeting t.-m. or going slightly

basad; r.1 curved .......sses05 5.

5. A stump of a vein on r.n.1, repre-

senting limit of disc. 1 .......... Itoplectis saxosus, sp. 0.

No such stump of a vein ........-. Holomeristus vectensis, sp. n.

6, T.-m. vertical, in line with lower part

of b.n.; abdomen long-petiolate .. Cremastus arcuatus, sp. n.

T.-m. oblique, or not in line with b.n. - 7.

7, Radial nervure curved, not angled at

t.-c.; b.n. meeting ti-m. 4....... 8.

Radial nervure angled at t.-c. ...... 9.

8. Marginal cell deep... .....-eeeeees Polysphincta atavina, sp. n.

Marginal cell lanceolate .......... Lampronota disrupta, sp. n.

Of Boneiryed = hse Wi. ck we ean Polyclistus anglicus, sp. n.

B.n, nearly straight ..........++:: Acourtia perpleva, sp. 0.

On comparing the Florissant (Miocene) Hymenoptera de-

scribed by Brues (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,1910) the following

points of interest appear. TJrogus vetus runs in the above

table to the Coleocentrus, which it rather closely resembles.

Six species of Ichneumon figured by Brues all have the

areolet more constricted above than J. acowrti. Hemiteles

priscus runs in the table to Acourtia, which it resembles in

the very oblique t.-m., but the shape of smd. is quite different.

Cryptus delineatus has the areolet much like that of the

Stilpnus, but otherwise differs. Protohellwigia, Brues, has

no ally among our fossils. Hiatensor, Brues, runs in the

table to Acourtia, but differs at once in the slender stigma

and long narrow disc. 3. Evetustes inveteratus resembles

Lithapechtis in many respects, but the stigma is much larger

and disc. 3 shorter in the Florissant fossil. Mesochorus

lapideus also resembles Lithapechtis, but the b.n. meets t.-m.

The areolet is like that of several of the fossil species of

Mesochorus.

Slilpnus oligocenus, sp. un. (Fig. 1.)

Thorax black. Anterior wing nearly 3 mm. long, pale

ferruginous, with red-brown stigma and nervures ; st. large,

m. deep, the radial nervure curved, not angled ; b. n. meeting

the oblique t.-m., which is somewhat arched outward ;

in the British Museum. 5

areolet large, nearly equilaterally pentagonal, the jower

apical side largest ; smd. broad at end.

H. 834. Very similar to the living S. gagates, Grav.

Fig. 1.

Stilpnus oligocenus, sp. n.

Ichneumon (s. latiss.) acourti, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Abdomen petiolate. Anterior wing about 5 mm. long,

greyish Iuteous, with deep ferruginous veins. Stigma

trigonal, the two lower faces about equal ; marginal cell

deep, aud not very long ; areolet pentagonal, exactly as in

Fig. 2.

Ichneumon (8. latiss.) acourti, sp. n.

Celichneumon impressor, Zett. ; b.n. strongly curved, infus-

cated, meeting t.-m. a little to the basad side; t,-m. oblique,

the lower side more apicad.

6 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

H. 1520. This may be a Cryptine ; thus Holocryptus has

a similar areolet, but the b.n. is straight, except for a bend

at the lower end. Pycnocryptus exactly agrees in the areolet,

and the hind wing agrees, but the b. n. is straight.

Coleocentrus gurnetensis, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Thorax black. Anterior wing about 10°5 mm., marginal

cell 4 mm. long; wing hyaline, with broad pale ferruginous

clouds along veins and in apical part of marginal cell (as

preserved) ; stigma and nervures piceous ; areolet very

small, triangular, petiolate above ; stigma long and narrow ;

b. n. straight, going basad of the oblique t.-m.

Fig. 3.

Coleocentrus gurnetensis, sp. N.

B.M., In. 17079 (A’C. Sm.). The venation agrees very

well with that of the much larger C. ercitator, Poda; the

size of the fossil nearly agrees with C. caligatus, Grav. At

first I thought this might be a Campoplex, but the marginal

cell and small areolet agree better with Coleocentrus. There

is some resemblance to Lhyssa, but that has r.2 con-

spicuously arched.

Lithapechtis (gen. nov.) fumosus, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Anterior wing slightly over 6°5 mm. long, fuliginous, with

fuscous nervures and ferruginous stigma. Stigma well

developed ; marginal cell deep, trigonal, the lower sides

straight, with a strong angle at t.-c.; areolet oblique, elon-

gate, the apical side smallest; b.n. arched, going basad of

t.-m.; disc. 3 with upper and lower sides practically parallel

except basally.

H. 506, collected in 1891. Apechtis (e. g., A. conquisitor,

in the British Museum. vi

Say) runs to this in the table of fossil species, but differs in

the shape of the areolet and other characters. It is not

certain that the fossil is a Pimpline, but I cannot find it

among the Tryphonines or Ophionines. The Tryphonine

Lnthapechtis (gen. nov.) fumosus, sp. n.

Acrotomus agrees in the areolet and t.-m., but is otherwise

quite different. The Tryphonine Erromenus is also rather

similar, with similar areolet, but the m. and disc. 3 are quite

different.

- Itoplectis saxosus, sp. n. (Fig. 5.)

Auterior wing 4°3 mm. long, clear hyaline, with dark

stigma and veins, apical field very faintly dusky, stigma deep

Fig. 6.

Itoplectis saxosus, sp. 0.

piceous. Very similar in many respects (especially areolet)

to Lithapechtis, but r.1 is slightly curved, r.n. 1 emits a

8 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

stump of a vein, disc. 3 is produced at end, and b.n. goes

very little basad of t.-m.

H. 183. Collected in 1891. The rudimentary vein

limiting disc. 1] on r.u. 11s more basad than in the recent

forms examined.

Holomeristus (?) vecténsis, sp. n. (Fig. 6.)

Head and thorax black. Wings hyaline, with very pale

brown stigma and nervures. Anterior wing 3°5 mm. long

and very broad (about 1:3 mm.). Stigma large ; m. very

broad (deep), r. 1 curved, r.2 straight; areolet quadrate,

very briefly petiolate above; b. n. with lower two-thirds

straight, meeting t.-m., which, however, is not quite in a line

with it.

Fig. 6.

Holomeristus (?) vectensis, sp. n.

B.M., I. 9370(B.). This was examined by Mr. C. Morley,

~ who left a note: “either Tryphoninz or Ophioninz.” The

Ophionine genus Holomeristus agrees, except that it has the

first r.n. nearly straight, and the marginal cell less bulging

at base. It must be said, however, that the Pimpline Calli-

ephialtes is very similar in venation, and Habropimpla is not

very (different.

Cremastus (f) arcuatus, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Length 4 mm. ; head and thorax apparently fuscous or

black ; abdomen ferruginous ; thorax small, abdomen long-

petiolate. Anterior wing about 3°38 mm. long, clear, faintly

brownish in the apical field ; stigma and nervures rather

dilute fuscous. Stigma large, trigonal; m. very deep,-r. 1

in the British Museum. 9

gently curved, r. 2 straight, slightly curved upward at end ;

b.n. curved, meeting t.-m., whiclr is in a line with its lower

part; second r.n. gently bowed outward.

Cremastus (?) arcuatus, sp. 0.

B.M., I. 9874 (B.). Resembles modern Cremastus, but

that has the second b.n. straight. The venation is rather

like that of the Tryphonine Ewxacrodus.

Polysphincta (?) atavina, sp. n. (Fig. 8.)

Wings clear, with ferruginous veins; anterior wing

slightly over 4mm. long. Stigma trigonal; m. very deep

Polysphineta (?) atavina, sp. n.

(broad), the radial nervure curved, not angulate ; b.n.

curved, meeting the oblique t.-m., which is about in line with

10 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

its extreme end; first r.n. strongly arched, second r.n.

gently bowed outward.

H. 1036. This is certainly very like the modern Poly-

sphincta. There is some resemblance to Promethus and

Metanomalon, but it is distinct from both.

Lampronota disrupta, sp.n. (Fig. 9.)

Anterior wing 5 mm. long; wings clear, with fuscous

stigma and nervures ; head and thorax black, abdomen

perhaps paler ; abdomen fusiform, narrowed basally, with a

probably long straight ovipositor, of which not more than

1 mm. is preserved ; hind femora long and slender, length

about 2°2 mm.; antenne long and slender, apparently

Fig. 9.

Lampronota disrupta, sp. n.

entirely black. Marginal cell lanceolate; b.n. meeting the

oblique t.-m.

B.M., I. 9711 (B.). The abdomen is separated from the

thorax, but appears to belong to the same specimen; its

base is near the anal angle of fore wing. This is not

Bassus, but clearly Lampronota.

Polyclistus (?) anglicus, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Head, thorax, and antenne black ; anterior wing 3 mm.

long, dusky hyaline ; stigma fuscous, nervures pale brown ;

m. deep, angled at t.-m., r. 2 very gently curved; b.n.

strongly curved or bent ; t.-m. extremely oblique.

in the British Museum. it

B.M., I. 9292 (B.). The peculiar disc. 2 is exactly that

of modern Polyclistus ; the thorax and abdomen also agree.

The species differs from P. mansuetor, Grav., by the curved

first r. n.

Polyclistus (?) anglicus, sp. n.

Acourtia (gen. nov.) perplexa, sp.n. (Fig. 11.)

Wing 5 mm. long, hyaline, with dark stigma and veins.

M. elongate, angled at t.-c., both sections of r. straight ;

b.n. straight; t.-m. very oblique.

Fig. 11.

Acourtia (gen. nov.) perplexa, sp. n,

H. 858. Macrogaster differs from this by the much longer

first section of radial nervure and t.-m. a little basad of b. n. ;

Collyria differs by the smaller apical angle of disc. 3, stump

of vein on first r.n., and disc. 2 quite different. Acenitus

runs to the same place in table of fossils, but is different,

and the same may be said of Epirhyssa,

. Second s.m. present

Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Key to Gurnet Bay Braconide.

Upper section of b.n. obsolete (disc.

l reaching subcosta) )..:cugek ae i

Upper section of b. n. present (dise. 1

petiolate above) wa. .a sn vice oe wos 4,

Second sm. absent (not limited

apically)

Cid! 9.02 0 10 (0,/6 @ Hat eve) 8 a ene) le. 16

; Dise. 1 broadly attached to subcosta .

Disc. 1 very narrowly attached to

subcosta

. Disc, 1 with upper angle g greater than

rig a To] | ae ae re Se,

Disc. 1 with upper angle acute

. A straight vein (posterior nervure)

from lower corner of disc, 1, in line

With ite lower Side)... sisi. see ses

No such straight vein in this position.

Diospilus acourti, sp. n.

Calyptoides veternus, sp. 0.

Diospiloides hooleyt, sp. n.

Sigalphus (°) cervicalis, sp. n.

Aenarcha distracta, sp. n.

5. B.n. meeting t.-m.; second s.m.

COMPMOtE Sone emUe ss cists os RE 6.

B. xn. not meeting tm. ... 6.000500. 8.

6. Dise. 1 broadly joined to second s.n. Bathystomus peritus, sp. n.

Disc. 1 not joined to second s.m. ; its

upper side strongly arched ......

. Anterior wing about 4:3 mm. long..

Anterior wing about 2°5 mm. long.

Lod

Ipobracon vectensis, sp. n.

Ipobracon micrarche, sp. 0.

8. Second s.m. ‘complete ; or angle

of disc. 1 wide....:. :

Second s.m. wanting ;

of dise. 1 acute

Phanomeris colenutti, sp. n.

ofc ele es ¢ Be 6

Daenusites sepultus, sp. n.,

and D. reductus, sp. n.

The large tropical forms, with fuliginous or maculated

wings, are wholly absent from the Collection. There is no

particular resemblance in the Gurnet Bay fossils to the

Miocene species from Florissant. Déospilus repertus, Brues,

from Florissant, is easily separated from D. acourti by the

second s.m. broadened below. Oliyoneuroides, Brues, 1s

unlike any of our insects.

(Fig. 12.)

Head and thorax black, the thorax very small, its width

hardly more than halfa mm.; anterior wing about 2°4 mm.

long, hyaline, faintly dusky, with pale fuscous stigma and

nervures.

Stigma very large; r.2 (beyond second s.m.) straight ;

second s.m. quadrate ; disc. 1 very acute above ; b.n. almost

meeting the oblique t.-m.

B.M., I. 9071 (B.).

Diospilus acourti, sp. n.

in the British Museum. 13

Agrees excellently with modern Diospilus; disc. 1 is

intermediate in shape between those of D. ovleraceus, Hal., and

Pig. 12.

Diospilus acourti, sp. n.

D. irregularis, Wesm. In the above table, Ichneutes, Zele,

and Macrocentrus would run to D. acourti, but they all

differ greatly in various ways.

Calyptoides (gen. nov.) veternus, sp.n. (Fig. 13.)

Preserved in lateral profile. Head and thorax dark,

thorax paler below ; abdomen petiolate, strongly curved,

with a short ovipositor. Wings clear, stigma _ fuscous,

nervures paler. Length about 2°3 mm.; anterior wing

about 2°6 mm.

Fig. 13,

Calyptoides (gen. nov.) veternus, sp. n.

Stigma large; m. elongate; r. obtusely angulate at t.-c. ;

b. un. going far basad of t.-m.; disc. 1 broadly attached to

subcosta ; abdomen slender basally ; ovipositor exserted.

B.M., I. 9722 (B.).

14 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Appears to be a Calyptine, differing from Eubadizon by

the shape of second discoidal and of abdomen.

Diospiloides (gen. nov.) hooleyi, sp.n. (Fig. 14.)

Anterior wing about 3 mm, long, hyaline, with dark veins.

Stigma moderate; m. large and elongate, apical section

of r. gently curved; r. 1 oblique; b. n. curved, meeting

Fig. 14.

Diospiloides (gen. nov.) hooleyi, sp. n.

the very oblique t.-m. ; t.-c. very oblique; first s.m. large,

no second s.m.

H. 882.

I fail to find any near relative; it is perhaps related to

the Diospiline.

Fig. 15.

Sigalphus (?) cervicalis, sp. 2.

in the British Museum. 15

Sigalphus (?) cervicalis, sp.n. (Fig. 15.)

Length slightly over 2 mm.; anterior wing nearly 2 mm.

long, clear, nervures pale ferruginous. Head and prothorax

dark fuscous, rest of body as preserved pale ferruginous.

Head transverse ; neck elongated; thorax with posterior

lateral spines ; abdomen broad ; ; stigma robust; m. long,

its angle at the oblique t.-c. little greater than a right angle,

its margin beyond this straight; disc. 1 acutely pointed

above, reaching subcosta.

B.M., 1.9199 (B.).

Probably a Siyalphus, but differs in shape of disc. 1 and

straight b.u. ‘The wing shows some resemblance to

Centistes, but has r. 2 curved.

Xenarcha (?) distracta, sp.n. (Tig. 16.)

Length 2:1 mm.; anterior wing about 2 mm., hyaline,

faintly reddish ; stigma dark rufo- fuscous, nervures paler.

Stigma large ; m. large, r. curved, not distinctly angled

Fie. 16.

Xenarcha (?) distracta, sp. n.

» Sp

at t.-c. ; second t.-c. obsolete, but represented by stumps of

veins ; disc. 1 just meeting corner of second s.m., forming

a cross; posterior nervure leaving lower apical corner of

disc. 1 ; abdomen short and robust.

B.M., I. 9099 (B.).

From the venation this would appear to be a Hormiine,

rather close to Chremylus, but that genus has the second

s.m. complete and the stigma more lanceolate. //ormius

agrees with the fossil in the stigma, but has second s.m.

16 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

complete and disc. 1 broadly joins second s.m, There is

also some resemblance to Xenarcha, which agrees in the

form of the abdomen much better than Chremylus. The

marginal cell is different from Xenarcha or Chremylus, but

nearest to the former. The shape of the first s.m. is as

in Chremylus. The fossil is provisionally referred to the

Exothecine Xenarcha, but it probably should form a distinet

genus. It may perhaps belong to Heterospilus, which it also

closely resembles. It may also be compared with Hephylus.

No disposal of it is satisfactory, but I do not like to propose

a new generic name.

Bathystomus (?) peritus, sp. un. (Fig. 17.)

Anterior wing 3°l1 mm. long; thorax with abdomen

2°2 mm. ; the thorax was apparently dark, the abdomen

very pale luteous. Wings clear, stigma pale reddish,

nervures colourless or almost. The wings are large and

broad, the width of anterior wing a little over 1 mm.

Abdomen sessile, not compressed.

Bathystomus (?) peritus, sp. n.

Stigma large ; second s.m. long, with a broad angle about

middle above ; b.n. meeting t.-m,, which is in a line with

its lower end; disc. 1 broadly meeting second s.m.

B.M., I. 9671 (B.).

The wing agrees exactly with Bathystomus, except that in

the modern genus the b.n. goes a considerable distance

basad of t..m. The abdomen also agrees well enough.

The wing is much lke that of Histeromerus, but in the

latter the radial nervure is not angled at the second t.-e.

Acelius and some Meteorus (M. unicolor, Westm.) run to

B. peritus in the above table, but are actually very different.

in the British Museum, Lz

Ipobracon (?) vectensis, sp. n. (Fig. 18.)

Anterior wing about 4°3 long; reddish; stigma reddish-

piceous, dark.

Stigma large, bulging above; r. 1 oblique; r. 2 nearly

straight ; b.n. straight, meeting t.-m., which is nearly in a

line with it, but a little more vertical; second s.m. large

and long ; disc. 1 strongly bulging above.

eM, FT. 9415 CB.) .

Ipobracon is a very large genus, numerously represented

in the tropics, from Brazil and Africa to Australia. It

appears possible to refer this and the following species to it,

especially on account of the bulging upper side of disc. 1,

Ipobracon (?) vectensis, sp...

though in Jpodracon this presents an obtuse bend rather

than a curve near the basal end, The hind wing, preserved

in.I. micrarche, agrees with the recent species. J. micrarche

also agrees a little better than J. vectensis with the recent

species, because disc. ] approaches the second s.m.

Iphiaulaw has the bulge in upper side of disc. 1 faintly

indicated, bet is not identical with the fossils. It is perhaps

probable that the fossils belong to an extinct genus ancestral

to Ipobracon, but this cannot be clearly diagnosed.

Szépligeti treats Ipobracon as part of Iphiaulac.

Ipobracon (?) micrarche, sp.n. (Fig. 19.)

Anterior wing about 2°5 mm. long, strongly reddish, with

ferruginous stigma and nervures. Head and thorax black.

Much smaller than J. vectensis, but with disc. 1 nearly

touching second s.m., but apparently congeneric.

B.M., I. 9026 (B.).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 2

18 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Fig. 19.

Ipobracon (?) micrarche, sp. n.

-Phanomeris (?) colenutti, sp. n. (Fig. 20.)

Anterior wing 4 mm. long; wings clear, stigma fuscous,

nervures pale brown. Head and thorax fuscous, legs paler ;

head small ; hind femur about 1 mm. long, only moderately

stout ; hind tibia+tarsus about 23 mm. long.

Stigma very large, somewhat bulging ;: marginal cell

large; terminal section of r. straight; second s.m. large;

disc. ] not reaching second s.m., its upper side straight, and

its basal (b. n.) only faintly bulging.

B.M., I. 9702 (B.). Named after Mr. G. W. Colenutt,

who has long interested himself in the geology of the Isle

of Wight.

Fig. 20.

Phanomeris (?) colenuttt, sp. n.

This agrees sufficiently with the living Phanomeris

catenator, Hal., except that the second s.m. is not so long.

There is also some resemblance to Doryctes, but that has the

t.-m. more oblique. The first discoidal cell is like that of

Colastes, not Doryctes, but the stigma and second s.m. are

more like Doryctes. Oncophenes nearly agrees with the

fossil, and the shape of disc. 1 is similar (rather more so

than in Colastes), but 'the shape of the marginal cell differs.

in the British Museum. 19

A large number of Braconid genera, run through the above

table of fossils, come out at or near P. colenutti, but differ

in various important details.

Dacnusites (gen. nov.) sepultus, sp. nu. (Fig. 21.)

The genus is similar to Polemon, but the insect is smaller,

with clear wings, and the radial nervure is strongly bent

beyond the t.-c., making the lower part of the marginal cell

bulge downward. The stigma also is somewhat differently

shaped, and disc, 1 does not reach the subcosta, while the

Dacnusites (gen. nov.) sepultus, sp. n.

apex of disc. 2 is strongly produced. There is also some

resemblance to Phenolexis, which agrees in having disc. 1

petiolate above.

D. sepultus, the type of the genus, has the wings perfectly

clear, stigma dark fuscous, nervures paler; anterior wing

2:9 mm. long. Antenne and thorax black.

BoM., In. 17176: (A’C. Sm). .

Dacnusites reductus, sp.n. (Fig. 22.)

Anterior wing about 2 mm. long, hyaline, faintly dusky

in apical field ; stigma and nervures pale reddish.

H. 833.

Dacnusites reductus, sp. n.

20 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Vespidz.

Polybia (?) anglica, sp.n. (Fig. 23.)

Anterior wing about 10 mm. long, greyish hyaline, the

apical third more dusky, the extreme apex fuscous ; a fuscous

cloud at end of costal cell.

‘ee ee

Polybia (?) anglica, sp. n.

H. 182. This agrees in general with Polybia. The dark

end of costal cell is also seen in Apoica, but the course of

the second r.n, is different.

Sphecide.

Sceliphron (?) brevior, sp.n. (Fig. 24.)

Anterior wing about 10 mm. long, colourless; thorax

black. The small stigma, comparatively short marginal

Fig. 24.

Sceliphron (?) brevior, sp. n.

cell, and very long first discoidal all occur in modern Sceli-

phron. The petiole is short for Sceliphron, and agrees better

with Chlorion, but the wings disagree with that,

in the British Museum. FI.

B.M., In. 17472. This specimen has long been on

exhibition in the Museum, but I find that the reverse is

in the Hooley collection (H. 443). Doubtless both pieces

were collected at the same time by A’Court Smith.

Bethylide.

Mesitius (?) rectinervis, sp.n. (Fig. 25.)

Fiead and thorax pale brown; wings about 3 mm, long,

hyaline, stigma and nervures reddish brown; marginal cell

Fig. 25.

Mesitius (?) rectinervis, sp, n.

widely open at end ; apical margin of second basal cell very

oblique, pointed.

B.M., I. 9352 (B.). Differs from modern Mesitius in the

shape of the second basal cell.

Scelionide.

Macroteleia veterna, sp. n. (Fig. 26.)

Length about 4°5 mm., the abdomen greatly elongated

and tapering. Dark fuscous, with clear wings, anterior

wing about 15 mm. long.

B.M., In. 17262 (A’C. Sm.).

Fig. 26.

Macroteleia veterna, sp. nu.

22 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Belytida.

Lithobelyta (gen. nov.) reducta, sp.n. (Fig. 27.)

The genus resembles Belyta, but the stigma and marginal

cell are absent. ‘The head is broad, and shaped as in Belyta;

the thorax is finely rugose, or rather transversely aciculate

or granular,

Lithobelyta (gen, nov.) reducta, sp. nu.

Thorax pitch-black ; wings perfectly clear, anterior wing

about 2°3 mm. long, principal nervures brown ; hind wing

with no visible venation.

B.M., In. 17091 (A’C. Sm.).

Miota (?) strigata, sp.n. (Fig. 28.)

Pure black, with small rounded head and slender petiolate

abdomen ; anterior wing hardly 2mm. long, reddish hyaline,

principal nervures dark brown.

Fig. 28.

Miota (?) strigata, sp. 0.

in the British Museum. 23

B. M., I. 9312 (B.). Certainly very near to modern Miota,

but perhaps a distinct genus, with the venation more

complete. It is also very similar to Acropiesta.

Zygota |?) filicornis, sp.n. (Fig. 29.)

3. Head, thorax, and antennz piceous; head elongated,

broader behind ; thorax ee. antenne very long and

filiform, length "about 23 mm.; wings hyaline, anterior

wing about 2 mm. long.

Zygota (2) filicornis, sp. n.

B.M., I. 9269 (B.). Differs from modern Zygota by the

elongate head and very long antennze. The venation exactly

agrees with the Diapriid Idiotypa, but the antennz are

quite different.

| Cynipide.

Andricus vectensis, sp.n. (Fig. 30.)

Length about 38 mm.; anterior wing about 2°7 mm. long,

hyaline, with dark veins.

Fig. 30.

fe ®

Andricus vectensis, sp. n,

24 On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum:

B.M., I. 8923 (B.). Agrees with modern Andricus suffi-

ciently well, and is presumably congeneric.

Rhodites vetus, sp.n. (Fig. 31.)

Wing about 3°4 mm. long, with dark veins. The venation

agrees with that of modern Rhodites, even to the thickening

of the t.-c. representing all that is left of the second s.m.

Rhodites vetus, sp. n.

Fig. 82

Pteromalus (?) vectensis, sp. n.

Notes on Platypodidée and Scolytide. 25

H. 701. The genus Rosa, on which this should have pro-

duced galls, is well known from the Miocene of Florissant,

and doubtless existed much earlier. More dubious fossils

ascribed to Rosa (R. lignitum, Heer, R. dubia, Weber,

RR, nausicaés, Weber) have been described from the Oligocene

of Europe.

Pteromalide.

Pteromalus (?) vectensis, sp.n. (Fig. 32.)

Head, thorax, and abdomen deep black as preserved ;

length about 2°3 mm.; anterior wing about 18 mm. long,

broad, pale brown, with dark fuscous or black stigmatic

vein, which is shorter than in the Florrisant fossil P. exa-

nimis, Brues.

B.M., I. 9472 (B.).

Il.—Further Notes on Platypodidee and Scolytide collected

by Mr. G. EL. Bryant and others. By Lt.-Col. Winn

Sampson, F'.E.S. ;

In my previous paper, published in this Magazine (Sept.

1919), the following corrections are necessary, viz.:—On

‘page 105 the last two lines should be deleted, as also the last

tive lines on page 110 and the first three lines on page 111.

Lhe following should be added to the description of Cry-

phalus corpulentus:—LThe apex of the seventh abdominal

segment in the @ is provided with three pointed teeth, the

centre one shorter than the other two.

This species resembles Stephanorhopalus nulodori, Hopk.,

but has only three abdominal teeth, and the antennal club

is distinctly sutured ; it may, however, have to be removed

into that genus.

Family Platypodida.

Genus PLatypus, Chap.

Platypus secretus, sp. n.

3. Brown. Front almost flat and subopaque, rugose, with

longitudinal ridges and a short, central, narrow depression,

densely hairy towards the vertex, a transverse row of yellow

hairs over the mouth ; the antenne inserted close to the ante-=

rior edge of the eyes.

26 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson—Notes on

Prothorax subquadrate and shiny, irregularly punctured,

the anterior and basal portions variolous, the median narrow

depression gradually broadened and terminating abruptly

before the centre, and furnished anteriorly on each side with

small elongate groups of punctures on a depressed shiny

surface; the base strongly bisinuate and rounded, the entire

surface sparsely hairy.

Scutellum absent.

Elytra twice as long and slightly broader in the apical

third than the prothorax, the striae composed of a series of

small closely set depressions surrounded by an edging of

minute transverse markings, giving the appearance of a

chain; the first interstice is tuberculate from the base to the

apex, the third very shiny, with a few very widely separated

punctures, the base rugose but only slightly broadened, as are

also the second and fifth; the fourth gradually narrowed and

ceasing before the base, being replaced by uniseriate tubercles ;

the declivity commences at the apical third, where all the

interstices become tuberculate and more densely hairy, the

terminal depression subtriangular and finely rugose, furnished

at the upper sutural angle with a blunt spine, caused by the

convergence and termination of the second, third, and fourth

interstices ; the outer apical angle is extended into an inwardly

concave blunt protuberance, formed by the elongation of the

three last lateral interstices; the sutural angle sharply defined

but not extended; the abdomen is rugose and hairy, the -

metasternum being shiny, hairy, and variolous; the gular

area is also variolous.

Length 5°25, breadth 1:6 mm.

Hab. Tonkin, Hoabinh (2. V. de Salvaza).

?. Very similar to the male, but with two large patches

of punctures on each side of the prothoracic median line; the

spine on the upper sutural angle almost obliterated and the

front quite flat.

Length 5°25 mm.

Types of both sexes in the British Museum.

This species is probably allied to P. b2formis, Chap., but is

easily separated from it by the sculpture of the elytra, etc.

Family Scolytide.

Genus Hy esinus, Fabr.

- Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. vol. ii. p. 390 (1801).

Hylesinus despectus, Walk. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iii.

p. 251 (1859). |

Platypodide and Scolytide. 27

Aylesinus granulifer, Motsch. Bull. Mose. xxxvi. 1863, xi.

p- 516.

Hylesinus scobtipennis, ? Hichh. Chap. Syn. Scol. 1873, p. 238.

Hab. Ceylon.

A single example from Singapore (Bryant).

Hylesinus bakeri, sp. n.

Head, prothorax, and legs black; elytra brown with a

purple tinge. Front coucave and punctured, with a small

depression above the mouth and longitudinal aciculations

above the somewhat large elongate eyes, and fine recumbent

hairs over the deep antennal fovee.

Prothorax nearly one-fourth broader than long, the sides

rounded from the basal angles and censtricted at the anterior

fourth ; the dise strongly rugose, especially anteriorly and

laterally ; a longitudinal shiny carina from the base to the

apical third, with depressions on each side of the central

nodosity.

Scutellum black, shiny, and subglobular.

Elytra twice as long, and slightly broader at the apical

third than the prothorax ; longitudinally convex from base to

apex, the sides subparallel to centre and then rounded to the

sliglitly sinuous and acute apex ; the strize deep and coarsely

punctured, the interstices consisting of elevated rows of

contiguous piliferous beads of a dull colour, the first and third

interstices continued more distinctly to the apex than the

others; the second interstice broadened and 4ransversely

rugose basally, on the declivity the interstices 1, 3, 5, and 7

have longer hairs than the rest.

Abdomen with segments 3, 4, and 5 of a dead black, with

single transverse rows of very deeply marked shiny punc-

tures; the fifth segment is provided with a tuft of longish

apical hairs on each side of the centre; the metasternum

covered with coarse piliferous punctures, the anterior coxe

very hairy and approximate to each other.

Length 4°5, breadth 4:2 mm,

Hab. B. N. Borneo.

‘Type in the British Museum.

This species may possibly be the same as Hylesinus suma-

tranus, Haged., figured by him (Gen. Insect. Wytsman,

fase. ili. pl. i, fig. 14), but not described anywhere as far

as I can discover ; there are, however, points of difference

between my species and Hagedorn’s figure.

28 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson—WNotes oi

Genus Coccotrypss, Hichh.

Coccotrypes pygmeus, Kichh. Rat. Tom. 1879, p. 310.

fab, Manilla, Madagascar, St. Domingo, Guiana, Senegal,

Cameroon.

One specimen from Mt. Matang, Sarawak, Borneo

(Bryant).

Genus XYLEBORUS, Hichh.

Xyleborus posticus, Hichh. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xii. 1868,

p. 2811; Rat. Tom. 1879, p. 3537; Blandford, Biol.

Centr.-Amer., Col. iv. 6, 1898, p. 210°.

Hab, Mexico’, Toxpam (Sal/é), Almolonga (Hége); Gua-

temala*, Senahu, Chiacam, and San Juan in Vera Paz, Cerro

Zunil, San Lucas Toliman, Guatemala city, Capetillo (Cham-

pion); Panama*, Volcan de Chirique (Champion). Vene~

zuela?? ; Brazil, Tejuca (Clark) °.

One specimen from Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro (Bryant).

Ayleborus mutilatus,.Bldf. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1894,

p. 103.

Hab. Japan.

One specimen from Quop, Sarawak, Borneo.

‘There is a single specimen in Mr, Andrewes’s coll. named

X, pilula, Haged., and labelled “type.” I cannot tiace any

published description of this species, but it is certainly the

same as Blandtord’s X. mutilatus.

Ayleborus indicus, Hichh. Rat. Tom. 1879, p. 354.

Hab. Java, Borneo, New Guinea, Sumatra (tobacco).

Three specimens from Ceylon (bryant).

Xyleborus bicostatus, sp. n.

Pitchy-black elytra; prothorax, head, legs, and antennze

dirty yellow. Front subconvex, minutely granulate over the

mouth above the transverse row of pale hairs ; the rest of the

surface shagreened, with a central slight shiny depression ;

the eyes deeply emarginate. Prothorax semielliptical, ante-

riorly rugose and hairy up to and beyond the well-marked

central transverse nodosity, posteriorly shiny and punetured ;

the anterior edge asperate.

Scutellum black, shiny, and semicircular. Hlytra the same

Platypodide and Scolytide., 29

breadth and one-fifth longer than the prothorax; sides sub-

parallel, very slightly divergent at the declivity ; the surface

shiny and obscurely striate-punctate, the interstices being

minutely and irregularly punctured; the declivity very

abrupt and commencing rather behind the centre; the fundus

subconcave, but elevated on each side of the suture towards

the apex ; three distinct strie of large but shallow punctures ;

the interstices very finely and irregularly punctured, the

sutural interstices on the elevated portion being armed with

single rows of large tubercles, which are very prominent

when viewed laterally; the margin clearly defined and circular,

granulate on the inferior apical border,

Length 3°5, breadth 1:5 mm.

Hab. Mt. Matang, Sarawak, Borneo (Bryant).

Xyleborus versicolor, sp. u.

Elytra dark reddish brown, the remainder of the body,

legs, head, and antenne dirty yellow. Front convex, with

shagreened surface, anteriorly finely tubereulate, with a

transverse row of pale hairs over the mouth and a minute

shiny indentation in the centre between the deeply emar-

ginateeyes, Prothoraw one-tenth longer than broad, parallel-

sided, with rounded front and six small recurved prominences

on the anterior edge ; the anterior surface transversely rugose

and hairy as far as the slight postmedian nodosity, posteriorly

shiny and finely punctured; the posterior angles obtuse.

Scutellum semicircular and shiny. lytra one-tenth longer

and the same breadth as the prothorax; sides parallel, with a

very slight divergence towards the declivity, striato-punctate,

the punctures decreasing in size towards the declivity; the

interstices flat and shiny, with uniseriate punctures, the

nearly vertical declivity commencing beyond the centre ; the

fundus subcircular, acutely margined and fringed with

minute hairs, subconcave at the sides and elevated towards

the suture, with three rows of large variolate punctures on

each elytron; the interstices irregularly dotted with piliferous

tubercles on a dull surface, the sutural interstices somewhat

raised and more strongly tuberculate apically, the margin

rugose half-way up the sides,

Length 2°5, breadth 1:1 mm.

Hab. Penang (Bryant).

Allied to X. truncatus, Er., and X. amputatus, Bldf.,

from both of which, however, it differs by the elytral structure

and colour, and from the latter also by the absence of the

prothoracie tuft of hair,

30 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson— Notes on

XAXyleborus glaucus, sp. n.

Very dark reddish brown, legs and antenne yellow. Front

subconvex, depressed laterally over the mouth, with a slight

longitudinal median ridge interrupted with a central fovea;

surface shagreened, with scattered longitudinal rugosities ; a

transverse row of yellow hairs over the mouth, and the eyes

nearly bipartite. Prothorax subglobose, rounded and de-

clivous in front and contracted basally, anteriorly rugose,

with numerous apical tubercles, faintly punctate behind the

central node. Scutellum semicircular, sinall, black, and shiny.

Elyira one-eighth longer than, and equal in breadth at the

broadest part to, the prothorax; the sides subparallel, slightly

divergent towards the declivity, which commences at the

centre; the surface obscurely striate-punctate, the sutural

angle at the commencement of the declivity divergent and

pointed ; the declivity obliquely truncate, the fundus being

sharply margined all round; the surface slightly convex, with

three distinct rows of punctures; the interstices flat, the

second one having a few scattered punctures, the rest smooth ;

the whole surface of the fundus having the appearance of a

faint “bloom” on it, the apical extremities of the suture are

thickened and somewhat divergent. The abdominal segments

are very narrow except the apical one.

Length 5:4, breadth 2°4 mm.

Hab. Penang (Bryant).

In this species the eyes are so deeply emarginate-as to be

practically bipartite.

Xyleborus circumcisus, sp. 0.

Brown, the prothorax slightly paler and similar to the

front, antenne, and legs. Front subconvex, with a slight

median longitudinal line extending from the mouth as far as

can be seen towards the vertex ; the surface sparsely covered

with longitudinally ‘elongate rugosities on a_ shagreened

ground; a thick transverse fringe of pale yellow hair over the

mouth. Prothorax barely one-fourth longer than broad, the

sides and front rounded, the posterior angles obtuse, the

surface anteriorly transversely asperate to the median eleva-

tion, posteriorly very regularly and minutely punctured; the

whole surface, especially tie sides, covered with longish

semi-recumbent yellow hairs. Scute/lum rather prominent,

but small, dark, and shiny. E/ytra equal in breadth at the

base to the prothorax and one-half longer, the sides sub-

parallel to just before the declivity, where they are constricted,

Platypodide and Scolytidee. 31

but regain their normal breadth at the apex of the declivity ;

the surface irregularly punctured, most of the punctures

being furnished with longish pale yellow hairs; the declivity

commences at the apical third and is nearly vertically trun-

cate ; the surface convex, but depressed laterally except at

the suture, which is elevated towards the apex; the interstices

are separated by tliree faint rows of impunctate stria, and

are uniformly covered with small, round, shiny granulations

and irregularly placed, long, p: ale yellow hairs; the margin is

furnished with small, blunt, irregular teeth.

Length 374, breadth 1-4 mm.

Hab. Penang (Bryant).

Xyleborus aspersus, sp. Nn.

Brown, the elytra darker than the prothorax or head.

Front subconvex, depressed laterally, a short median longi-

tudinal line above the central fovea; the surface shagreened,

with scattered longitudinal rugosities, and a transverse row of

yellow hairs over the mouth ; eyes very deeply emarginate.

Prothorax subglobose, anteriorly transversely rugose up to

and slightly beyond the central node, the posterior portion

being very minutely punctured ; the anterior edge with several

tubercles, of which the four central ones are the most promi-

nent. Scutellum semicircular and very shiny. Elytra the

same breadth and practically the same length as the prothorax,

very slightly divergent towards the declivity, and the sides

subparallel, vaguely striate-punctate, the declivity commencing

behind the centre and abruptly truncate ; the fundus

without any trace of striw, subconvex; the whole surface

closely variolous, the margin sharply defined and subcircular,

the sutural angles slightly divergent at both the upper and

lower extremities of the fundus, the apical edge somewhat

rugose.

Length 3°9, breadth 1:75 mm.

flab. Penang (Bryant).

The emargination of the eyes is similar to that of X. glaucus

described above.

XAXyleborus bellus, sp. n.

Dark brown, the prothorax, legs, head, and antenne

lighter than the elytra. roné subconvex, rimose, on a

coarsely shagreened surface; a faintly marked longitudinal

central line from the vertex to the centre, a transverse row

of pale hairs over the mouth; the eyes deeply emarginate.

Prothorax transverse ; sides rounded anteriorly to beyond the

32 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson—WVotes on

centre, coarsely rugose anteriorly to just beyond the long,

narrow, transverse nodosity and posteriorly scabrous, the

anterior edge furnished with two prominent tubercles; the

whole surface hairy. Scutedlum obsolete. Elytra equal in

breadth and one-fourth longer than the prothorax, sides sub-

parallel, irregularly punctured, densely hairy, especially

laterally and towards the apex, the declivity commencing

abruptly behind centre; the fundus very hairy, with an

uneven surface and punctured, the dense hairs forming two

longitudinal ridges on each elytron, the one nearest the

suture extending the whole length of the declivity, the outer

one ceasing half-way down and causing the appearance of a

depression ; the margin of the fundus not clearly defined.

Length 3°75, breadth 2 mm.

Hab. Mt. Matang, Borneo (Bryant).

The declivity of this curious species is difficult to describe

adequately, owing to the dense hair and the peculiar way in

which it is brushed up into two ridges. There is no other

species known to me of this truncate form of the genus Xyle-

borus that is at all similar.

Xyleborus coartatus, sp. n.

@. Oblong, brownish yellow, moderately shiny. Front

subconvex, coarsely punctate, sparsely hairy, with a trans-

verse row of pale hairs over the mouth ; the eyes very slightly

emarginate, the vertex shiny. Prothorax semi-elliptical and

slightly narrowed at the base; a short transverse gibbosity,

anteriorly rugose, posteriorly furnished with rather large

shallow punctures on a shagreened surface ; the basal lateral

angles obtuse, the anterior edge with four to six prominent

tubercles. Scuéellum semicircular and shiny. Hlytra one-

third longer and the same breadth at the broadest part as the

prothorax, laterally rounded and broadest in the middle ;

striate-punctate, interstices flat, with uniseriate rows of hairs ;

the strial punctures also piliferous, but the hairs shorter ; the

declivity commencing before the apical third and depressed

on each side of the suture ; the apical margin very distinct.

Length 2°75, breadth 1:2 mm.

Hab. Trinidad (bred from cacao-twigs, Urich).

&. Pale yellow, head concealed. Front convex ; surface

smooth, with a row of pale hairs over the mouth. Prothorax

slightly longer than broad, with the sides slightly rounded

and narrowed anteriorly ; the anterior declivity deeply exca-

vate, with rounded lateral edges ; the anterior edge extended

centrally and bisinuate, furnished with a central, recurved,

Platypodidee and Scolytidee. 33

pointed process, dark brown and shiny at the apex ; the

dorsal surface of the prothorax is flattened, with an obscurely

punctured surface and with long erect hairs, especially

laterally, the base being margined and the medial nodosity

slight but distinct. Scutellum small, subtriangular, and shiny.

Elytra equal in breadth and barely one-fifth longer than the

prothorax, striate-punctate, the punctures large, shallow, and

piliferous ; the interstices flat and without punctures, the

declivity commencing rather abruptly at the apical third,

depressed on each side of the suture; the apex bluntly

rounded, with a well-defined margin.

Length 1:7, breadth *8 mm.

Hab. Trinidad (bred from cacao-twigs, Urich).

Type in the British Museum.

Somewhat similar to X. dichrous, Kichh., and X, laticollis,

Bldf., but separated from both by the non-tuberculate

elytra, and from the former by the antennal club, which is

normal,

Xyleborus improcerus, sp. n.

Pitchy black, except the apical third of the elytra and the

lees and antenna, which are testaceous. Front subconvex,

the surface shagreened, with somewhat scattered, large, but

shallow piliferous punctures and a transverse row of hairs

over the mouth; eyes elongate and slightly emarginate.

Prothorax subglobose, broadest at the centre, the anterior

edge rounded and furnished with two large, central, recurved

spines, rugose anteriorly as far as the central transverse

gibbosity and posteriorly closely and coarsely punctured ; the

whole surface covered with minute hairs, margined basally

and laterally beyond the middle; the centre of the base

furnished with a tuft of stiff erect hair. Scwtel/wm small,

black, and shiny. lytra of equal breadth and one-ninth

shorter than the prothorax, laterally rounded from the basal

third to the apex ; the oblique declivity commencing from the

basal fourth, obscurely striate-punctate, the interstices having

a double row of punctures bearing semi-recumbent hairs ; the

sutural interstices depressed, coarsely punctured and hairy,

the puncturation becoming fainter on the apical portion ; the

basal margin extends laterally more than half-way up the sides

of the declivity. The abdomen hairy and the prosternal

intercoxal process broad.

Length 3-2 mm.

Hab. Siam (Fry Coll.).

Type in the British Museum.

Another specimen has been obtained by Prof, Baker in

British North Borneo.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol, vii. 3

a4 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson—Wotes on

Genus WessiA, Hopk.

Webhia 18-spinatus, sp. n.

Pitchy black; legs and antenne paler, subelongate, head

narrow. Front subconvex, with longitudinal carina frem the

mouth to the centre; the surface roughly shagreened, becoming

smoother, more shiny, and sparsely punctured towards the

vertex, with a transverse rew of hair over the mouth; the

eyes transverse and deeply emarginate. Prothorax one-third

longer than broad and slightly enlarged apically, the surface

of the apical third tuberculate and depressed, the remainder

faintly punctate on a shagreened ground ; anteriorly depressed

in the centre, with short outstanding hairs and several promi-

nent recurved rugosities laterally; the anterior edge very

slightly bisinuate and smooth. H/ytra equal in length and

breadth to the prothorax ; the sides subparallel for the basal

two-thirds, which is irregularly punctured and shiny; the

apical third before the declivity is depressed, opaque, rugose,

and hairy; the striae deep and the interstices convex and

tuberculate; the declivity very abrupt and the fundus flat and

opaque, with three rows of longitudinal elevations, the one

nearest the suture formed of raised, contiguous, roughened

beads, the others being composed of single rows of separated

wart-like granules with very finely roughened surfaces ; the

margin of the declivity armed with nine strong spines on

each elytron, increasing slightly in size towards the apex, and

surrounded at their bases with short, stout hairs.

Length 2°9, breadth 1:1 mm.

Hab. Penang (Bryant).

The rows of granulations nearest the suture are not carried

to the apex in the type, but this is not a constant character,

as they are continued in two other specimens taken at the

same time and place. The apical enlargement of the pro-

thorax causes the head to appear very narrow, and the anterior

edge cannot be seen when the specimen is viewed dorsally.

Webbia 14-spinatus, sp. n.

Very similar to the preceding species, but differing as

follows :—The opaque portion of the elytra commences at

the centre of the horizontal part, half-way between the base

and the declivity, and consists of rows of contiguous rough-

ened beads and very deep strize with rows of smaller beads ;

the declivity is margined by seven strong spines on each

elytron, the first and third being smaller than the others, and

each being surrounded at the base by stiff hairs; the surface

Platypodidze and Scolytidee. 35

of the declivity is dead black, and has four rows of elevated

vermiculate ridges from the vertex to the apex ; a few short

hairs are scattered over the declivous surface.

Length 2°75, breadth 1:2 mm.

Hab. Mt. Matang, Borneo (Bryant).

Tt is possible that this species may be the male of JW.

18-spinatus, but there is not enough material for dissection

at present.

Genus HYLEDIUS, gen. nov.

Oval, the head just visible from above and slightly elon-

gate ; the antennal funiculus five-jointed, the first two, joints

elongate, the rest transverse, the club elongate and sinuate

on the inner edge, solid, with two oblique furcate septa; eyes

bipartite, the insertion of the antennal scape being at the

anterior edge of the lower portion of the eye; the mentum

abruptly narrowed towards the base, the labial palpi and

mentum both being furnished with long stiff hairs; the ligula

long and narrow and inserted near the base of the mentum ;

the maxilla with very large lacinial teeth, and long plumose

hairs on the outer side of the palpifer.

This genus is separated from Phlwosinus by the distinctly

bipartite eyes and the elongate and curved club, ete., and it is

suggested that P. eribratus, Bldf., should be placed in the

same genus, although the club of the latter species is less

elongate than in the type of Hyledius,

Hyledius asper, sp. n.

Oval, brownish yellow. Front concave, with a shiny

central depression between the eyes and a median longitudinal

carina from the mouth to the centre, the whole surface covered

with piliferous punctures, and fringed all round with out-

standing yellow hair. Prothorax broader than long, con-

tracted apically, strongly punctured, with a median shiny line

from base to apex, broadest and most shiny in the centre; the

whole surface very finely pubescent; the base extended

centrally and slightly sinuate. Scutellum small and trans-

versely oval. ilytra half as long again and slightly broader

than the prothorax at its base; sides subparallel to the centre

and then curved to the rather blunt apex; the interstices

convex, sinuate, and transversely rugose on the basal fourth,

but becoming tuberculate before the middle, the tubercles

ceasing at the declivity on the second and fourth interstices

and a little lower down on the sixth; all the interstices are

covered with irregular rows of small scale-like bristles, which

36 Notes on Platypodidee and Scolytide.

are more easily seen on the declivity; the striz consist of a

shiny surface, interrupted transversely at short intervals and

giving the appearance of a chain; the elytral basal edge

rugose and recurved; the seventh and eighth interstices

coalesce before reaching the base of the elytra, whereas the

fourth, fifth, and sixth coalesce before reaching the apex ;

viewed dorsally the ninth interstices show several tubercles

from the apex to half-way up the sides.

Length 3°5, breadth 1°9 mm.

Hab. Luang Prabang, Houei Ko.

Type in the British Museum.

Genus SCOLYTOPLATYPUS, Schauf.

Subgenus STROPHIONOCERUS.

Teniocerus, Bldf. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 487.

It appears that Mr. Blandford’s name is preoecupied in the

family Passalidee of the Lamellicornia, and therefore Strophio-

nocerus is suggested in place of it.

Scolytoplatypus (subgen. Strophionocerus) parvus, sp. n.

3. Short, oblong, very pale (immature?) ; prothorax and

elytral declivity subopaque. Front deeply concave to the

eyes, which are long and narrow ; the vertex provided with

two small fasciculi of longish hairs, curved downwards over

the front and reaching half-way to the mandibles 3 four tufts

of very long hairs, originating one above and the other below

each eye, extend in an arch transversely over the frontal

cavity, which is dull and minutely pubescent; the antennal

club elongate, subtriangular, solid, and coarsely hairy.e Pro-

thorax slightly broader than long, with rounded sides which

are constricted for the basal third; the surface dull and

finely punctured laterally, with a median longitudinal line

extending from near the apex to the basal third; the apex

rounded and slightly emarginate in the centre, the base

bisinuate. Seute/lum minute. Elytra one-sixth longer and

one-terth broader than the prothorax ; the sides subparallel to

the apical third and then abruptly rounded to the somewhat

acute apex; the base sinuate and depressed, the shoulders

distinctly nodose ; the dorsal surface dull, irregularly and

obscurely punctured except laterally, where the punctures are

more distinct ; the declivity commences at the basal third

and is lineate-punctate; the interstices broad and convex at

the vertex of the declivity, but becoming obscure on the

apical half; the three first interstices nearest the suture are

On Three new Parasitic Mites. 37

raised towards the apex and furnished with biseriate incurved

pale hairs and single central row of small tubercles; the

anterior cox are widely separated, but the prosternal process

is obscure.

Length 14, breadth *9 mm.

Hab, Sarawak, Mt. Matang (Bryant).

It is impossible to thoroughly examine this unique speci-

men, as the head is much depressed over the prosternum ;

but, from what can be seen, it appears to approximate to

Strophionocerus (Teniocerus) eutomoides, Bldf.

Ill.—On Three new Parasitic Mites (Leptus, Schéngastia,

and Demodex). By Stanuey Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Leptus (Trombicula?) similis, sp. n.

Very like Leptus autumnalis, Shaw, in most respects, but

the hairs on the legs are not nearly so strongly feathered.

Claws of legs shorter than in ZL. autnmnalis, those of the

second pair being especially short. The rod-like hair on

tarsus of first leg straighter and longer than in L. autumnalis.

Scutum very like that of ZL. autumnalis, the posterior

margin being somewhat convex in outline. Pseudostigmata

situated in middle of scutum (almost equidistant between

anterior and posterior margins) ; they are not very long

being apparently shorter than in 4. autwmnalis, and are very

fine and plain tor the greater part of their length, but the

terminal part is distinctly feathered. Hairs on dorsum about

twenty in number; usually there are paired outer hairs (one

on each side), alternating with inner rows of four hairs, the

two first of these rows of hairs being followed by a pair of

inner hairs. A single hair is present on each coxa (epimeron)

of the legs. Hairs on palp apparently exactly the same as in

L. autumnailis.

Length of body (not including capitulum) 430 p.

Host. A few specimens from a chicken, Dallas, ‘Texas,

24, vil. 1916, collected by H. P. Wood (U.S. Dept. of

Acriculture).

Schéngastia americana, sp. n.

Scutum not so definite in shape as in the known species of

38 Mr. S. Hirst on

Schingustia, being weakly chitinized ; posteriorly it is inter-

rupted in the middle, being practically divided into two

portions or wings by a series of (median) longitudinal parallel

striations; the anterior margin of the scutum is still entire,

however, and bears the usual three hairs (median and anterior

laterals) ; the pseudostigmata are placed on the lateral wings

of the scutum, nearer to its anterior margin than to the poste-

rior; the posterior laterals are sometimes placed on little

platelets by themselves, but these may be united with the

scutum. ‘There is also an additional transverse strip of chitin

situated well in front of the scutum on the front margin of

the dorsum. Pseudostigmata globular and furnished with

longitudinal striations ; the stalk is short. Median anterior

hair of scutum the shortest, being considerably shorter than

the anterior lateral ones. Posterior laterals longer than, or

sometimes equal in length to, the anterior laterals. All

five hairs on the scutum are strongly feathered, especially the

anterior ones. Ocular scutum wider in front than behind ;

anterior eye large and rounded, the posterior also well de-

veloped but considerably smaller. There are about 30-32?

hairs on the dorsum ; they have the accessory hairlets poorly

developed, but more visible than in Leptus similis. Dorsal

hairs of palp feathered; those on the ventral surface of the

base of the capitulum are quite short. Hairs on legs fairly

well feathered. A single hair is present on the first and

second coxe (epimera), but there are three on the third coxa,

two of them being placed on the anterior margin. The

striated rod-like sensory hair on the upper surface of the first

tarsus is long and slender. ‘Tarsus of last leg elongated, the

end narrowed but not abruptly.

Length of body (not including capitulum) 220-330 p.

Host. Several specimens from a chicken, Dallas, Texas,

24. vil. 1916, collected by H. P. Wood (U.S. Dept. of

Agriculture).

Demodex melesinus, sp. n.

?. Closely resembling D. folliculorum (of man), but

smaller in size. Capitulum wider than long, but more elon-

gated than that of D. folliculorum ; tubercle on capitulum

exceedingly minute, being smaller even than that of D. folli-

culorum (and much smaller than that of D. canis) ; apparently

it is pointed. Body from a little less than five up to five

and a half times as long as the width of the cephalothorax.

Abdomen much longer than cephalothorax +capitulum.

Measurements. Length of body (incl. capitulum) 200-217 p,

of cephalothorax + capitulum 78-79 w, of abdomen 122-138 p,

of capitulum 20 @ ; greatest width of cephalothorax 39-43 p,

of abdomen 42-45 mw, of capitulum 27-29 pw.

Three new Parasitic Mites. 39

Host. Meles tavus; several specimens collected by the

author (9. vii. 1919) from a badger caught at Lutterworth,

Leicestershire.

Genus Psoroptes, Gerv.

With the exception of Psoroptes natalensis, mihi, the forms

of Psoroptes occurring on domestic animals resemble one

another exceedingly closely in structure, and it is probable

that they are merely varieties of a single species (P. com-

munis). The hairs on the abdominal lobes of the males

differ somewhat, however, in these varieties. In P. communis,

var. ovis, and P. communis, var. cunicul’, the second hair

from the outside of the lobe is very fine and much shorter

than in P. communis, var. equi. In the var. capre it is

longer than in the varieties ovis and cuniculi, but not nearly

as long as in var. egud, whilst in the var. cervinus (from the

big horn) it is very variable in length.

The presence or absence of stigmata in Sarcoptid mites is

still doubtful. In the genus Psoroptes and its allies (Chori-

optes etc.) there is present a strip of chitin bearing a very

minute crescent-shaped pore or marking which may perhaps

be an obsolete stigma. It is situated between the base of the

first leg and the dorsal scutum, and is best seen in specimens

which have been subjected to pressure, for it is overlapped

and hidden by a fold of the skin. Apparently there is no

trace of tracheal tubes.

Psoroptes natalensis, Hirst.

Méegnin’s specimens of Psoroptes found on a buttalo from

Cochin China living in the menagerie of the Paris Museum

(specimens collected 24, viii. 1885), and determined by him

as P. longirostris [= P. communis], are really referable to

P. natalensis. 'Two of the hairs on each abdominal lobe of

the male are distinctly flattened and blade-like. My best

thanks are due to Dr. M. Langeron, of the Laboratoire de

Parasitologie of the Paris University, for kindly permitting

me to examine Mégnin’s slide of this mite.

It is evident that two species of Psoroptes are parasitic on

eattle, for [have examined specimens referable to P. communis

(var. bovis?) collected from cattle at Johannesburg, South

Africa (specimens kindly sent to me by Mr. G. A. H. Bedford,

of the South African Union Veterinary Department). All

the hairs on the abdominal lobes of the male are quite fine

and unmodified (not flattened) in these examples from

Johannesburg.

40 Mr. J. W. Jackson on Lusitanian

IV.—On the Occurrence of Lusitanian Brachiopods in the

Persian Gulf. By J. Wiurrip Jackson, F.G.S. (Man-

chester Museum).

SomME months ago I received from Dr. J. Cosmo Melvill a

small box containing brachiopods from the Persian Gulf.

These had been obtained by Mr. F. W. Townsend in the

course of his dredgings for Mollusca in that region. The

locality on the box containing the specimens is Dabai, which

lies within the Persian Gulf on the N.W. coast of Oman.

Its exact position is on the west side of the peninsula of Ruus

El Jibdél, on what is known as the Pirate Coast. Unfortu-

nately, no particulars as to depth etc. accompanied the

specimens.

With the exception of the Mollusca and some Madreporarian

corals very little appears to be known of the fauna of the

Persian Gulf. The Mollusca have been ably dealt with in a

series of papers by Messrs. Melvill and Standen *, and the

corals were described in 1911 in a paper by Miss Ruth

Harrison T, to which Professor 8. J. Hickson added some

further notes f.

The discovery of Brachiopoda in the Persian Gulf is of

very great interest, not only from the fact that these speci-

mens are the first of the class to be recorded from this region

—i. e., the N.W. corner of the Indian Ocean (including thie

Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and Arabian Sea) ,—but more

especially from the important bearing of these specimens on

the subject of the relation of the fauna of the Persian Gulf to

that of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean.

Four specimens only were present in the box, one of which

is a Terebratulina, the other three belonging to the genus

Mihlfeldtia. All are dead empty shells, and asmall quantity

of greyish marl was present in the interior of one or two.

Unfortunately, in the case of the Terebratulina, the brachidium,

or loop, is broken, but the shell is otherwise quite perfect,

both valves being present. In form and size it is very like

aspecimen of Terebratulina caput-serpentis figured by Fischer

and Oelhlert from the ‘ Talisman’ Expedition in the Lusitanian

Subregion §. It has the same general outline and is cut off

* For list of papers see Proc, Zool. Soc. 1906, p, 783.

+ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, pp. 1018-1037.

+ Id. 1911, pp. 1037-1042.

§ Fischer and Oehlert, ‘ Expéditions Scientifiques du ‘Travailleur’ et

du ‘Talisman’ ete.,” Brachiopodes, 1891, pl. ii. fig. 4, v.

Brachiopods in the Persian Gulf. 41

(truncated) anteriorly. ‘The size of the specimen is :—Length

15°7, breadth 13°5, thickness 7-4 mm. It is much depressed

dorso-ventrally and exhibits incipient uniplication, possessing

a broad but low dorsal fold and a very shallow sulcus down

the ventral valve. It presents some slight resemblance to

examples of 7. caput-serpentis from the Mediterranean named

var. emarginata, Risso (=mediterranea, Jeffreys*), but is

not notched anteriorly as in that form. The test is thicker

than in recent specimens of emarginata ; the shell-surface is

also more strongly striated, and possesses stronger and more

numerous growth-lines. The striz are somewhat nodulose,

especially posteriorly ; the lateral primaries diverge rather

sharply near the umbo of the dorsal valve—a_ noticeable

feature. The specimen differs from dredged examples of

T. caput-serpentis from Oban, W. of Scotland, Trondhjem,

Norway, and other North-Atlantic places by its flatness, by

the early divergence of the primary striz, and by the strize in

general not presenting the same fasciculate aspect. In this

respect the specimen agrees better with the Mediterranean

form.

In 1908 Blochmann f created a new species—Terebratulina

valdivie—for some specimens collected by the ‘ Valdivia’

Expedition in the Indian Ocean, off the 8. coast of Nias, at

677 metres (=376 fath.). These specimens were originally

considered and labelled as J’, caput-serpentis, but a later

study of the spiculation of the animal furnished good evidence,

together with a characteristic difference in the construction of

the brachidium, that a new species was represented. Bloch-

mann, unfortunately, gives no figure of the shell, and his -

description is on the whole very meagre. He merely states

that it agrees in general appearance with the Mediterranean

form of 17’, caput-serpentis, but is a little flatter and wider.

‘Lhe absence of the animal and the imperfect condition of the

brachidium in the Dabai specimen are to be regretted, as a

comparison with JZ. valdiviw, based on these characters, is

not possible. Blochmann, in comparing the spiculation of

T. valdivie with TZ’. caput-serpentis, unfortunately made use of

Norwegian examples of the latter instead of Mediterranean

specimens, so that the precise relationship between the

Mediterranean and Indian-Ocean forms is somewhat uncertain.

‘There issome probability that 7. valdivie, the Dabai form,

* Davidson, “ Monograph of Recent Brachiopoda,” Pt. I., Trans. Linn,

Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. vol. iv., Zool. 1886 (p. 25 reprint), pl. v. figs. 35-37.

+ Blochmann, “Zur Systematik und geographischen Verbreitung der

Brachiopoden,” Zeit. fiir wiss. Zoologie, Bd. xc. 1908, pp. 606-607

(spicula figured, pl. xxxvi. figs. 5, 6).

49 Mr. J. W. Jackson on Lusitanian

and the Mediterranean var. emarginata are closely related.

The latter is very distinct in shell-characters from the typical

North-Atlantic 7. caput-serpentis, and merits its distinctive

name, The same may be said of the Dabai form, and for the

purpose of easy reference it might be known as var. abbre-

viata, NOV.

T. caput-serpentis is widely distributed along the eastern

side of the Atlantic Ocean, being recorded from off the coasts

of Norway, British Isles, France, Spain and Portugal,

Canaries, and West Africa. It is represented at the Cape

Verde Islands by a variety (var. germana) * intermediate

between the type and 7. septentrionalis.

In the Mediterranean it is recorded from many stations in

the western portion, but appears to be altogether absent in a

recent state in the eastern part.

According to Fischer and Oehlert (op. cit. p. 35) the

Species appears to have a very extended fossil distribution,

ranging from Miocene to recent times. The principal

localities are in the Mediterranean region: N. Italy (Lower

Miocene and later), 8. Italy and Sicily (Lower Pliocene and

later), Provence (Pliocene), and Algiers (Pliocene). It has

also been cited by authors for the Miocene of Morea, Sicily,

Switzerland, and the Azores. Ancestral forms are known

from the HKocene (often given as vars. of J’, caput-serpentis,

especially in N. Italy Tt), and from the Cretaceous.

OF the three specimens of Miihlfeldtia from Dabai one

agrees very closely with examples of Jf. truncata from Medi-

terranean localities. Compared with specimens from Messina

(Sicily) and Sardinia, no distinct points of difference can be

noted, either in outward appearance or in the development

of the loop. This specimen measures :—Length 12°7 mm.,

breadth 15°8, thickness 6°8 mm.

The two remaining examples differ somewhat from typical

M. truncata in certain characters. Though these differences

may be only of varietal rank, it might be advisable to give a

full description of the form in question to enable it to be

traced in other collections. In order to distinguish it, I

propose to call it var. paucistriata, nov.

The more perfect of the two specimens is somewhat

smaller than average MZ. truncata, being length 9°2 mm.,

breadth 11°6, thickness 4:4, and may be described as

* Fischer and Oehlert, op. cit, 1891, p. 53, pl. i. fig. 4, af.

+ Sacco, ‘I Brachiopodi dei Terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e della

Liguria,’ 1902, p. 26.

Brachiopods in the Persian Gulf. 43

follows:—Shell transverse oval; valves unequal; ventral

convex and deep, with subdued earination, dorsal flattened

and shallow, with feeble median sinus on anterior two-thirds

(i. e., the shell is ventrally uniplicate). The exterior of the

ventral valve is covered with sparse strize which are some-

what incipiently aculeate, especially on the lateral parts of

the valve. Some strizw disappear before reaching the anterior

border in the middle part. On the lateral parts interpolated

strie appear towards the margin as discontinuous nodulose

ribs. ‘There is a distinct cardinal area, which is striated

transversely. The interior of this valve is almost smooth in

the umbonal part, becoming nodulose towards the margin.

The nodules radiate from the posterior end. There is a short

pedicle-collar joining up with the bases of the teeth, and a

distinct median septum reaches almost to the middle of the

valve. The latter extends under the pedicle-collar, but does

not support it. On the exterior surface of the dorsal valve

the striz are less in number and of a different character. In

the umbonal region they are thick and somewhat nodulose.

Some of these reach the margin as thin striee, others disappear

entirely or die out for a time and then reappear near thie

margin. The striz are not so noticeably aculeate as on the

ventral valve. A slight but distinct area (transversely

striated) is visible on each side of the median notch. The

interior of the dorsal valve is strongly nodulose (or papillose),

the nodules being arranged in rows radiating from the beak.

The hinge-processes (cardinalia) consist of widely divergent

dental sockets and socket-ridges (hollowed out underneath).

There are no median hinge-plates, and the crura arise from

the anterior corners of short plates attached to the undersides

of the dental socket brackets. In the umbonal portion

(between the brackets) is a callous deposit on the floor of the

valve, from which extends a stout median septum which

reaches almost halfway down the valve. The brachidium or

loop is unfortunately slightly imperfect, but is essentially as

in typical AZ. truncata, with lateral lacunee, as in the latter.

All the specimens of M/. truncata which [ have seen from

Mediterranean localities (both recent and fossil) have nume-

rous thin striz on the surface of both valves, the strice at

times being distinctly nodulose ; but among a small number

of specimens from Teneriffe, Canaries (70 fath.), there is one

which shows an approach to the above-named var. pauci-

striata.

With the exception of the sparse and peculiar striation,

the characters detailed above are seen generally in typical

44 Mr. J. W. Jackson on Lusttanian

M. truncata, though some, such as the double cardinal area

(7. e., a dorsal as well as a ventral area), do not appear to have

been emphasized hitherto*. ‘lhomson t+ has recently called

attention to the fact that in Mihlfeldtia the foramen is shared

by both valves, the greater portion being in the ventral valve.

For this position of the foramen he applied the term Amphi-

thyrid, which has since been altered to Symbolothyrid as

being more accurate f.

M. truncata is widely distributed in the Mediterranean

from Gibraltar to the Augean and on the Atlantic coast from

the English Channel to the Canaries. It is also recorded

as a fossil in the Mediterranean region :—Morea (Miocene ?),

Malta (Miocene), 8. Italy and Sicily (Lower Pliocene and

later), N. Italy (Lower Pliocene), Provence (Pliocene), and

Sardinia (Pliocene). Fischer and Oehlert (op. ctt. p. 91)

cite from the Lower Pliocene of Sicily and Calabria (ex

Seguenza) a var. granulata, which they believe may be more

nearly related to the recent M. echinata, only known at

present from off Cape Bojador, West Africa. The var.

serravallensis, Sacco §, from the Middle Miocene of N. Italy,

may be also referable to the same. MM. truncata has been

recorded from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin and of North

Italy, but the form in question is now regarded as distinct

and appertaining to MJ. oblita, Michelotti, probably a smooth

ancestral species ||.

The most interesting record for J, truncata outside the

Mediterranean—Hast Atlantic region is that of Deshayes J] for

the Island of Réunion, A single example was found here on

a crustacean dredged at 200 fath., and was described under

the name of Morrisia gigantea by Deshayes. Judging from

illustrations it is obviously a small form of MM. truncata**,

differing only in the scanty nature of the striz. In this

respect it closely resembles the Persian Gulf variety described

* This double cardinal area is present in Megathyris decollata; a

distinct ventral area and a slight dorsal one are present also in Araussina

rubra,

+ Thomson, ‘ Brachiopoda Australian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-14,’

Scientitic Reports, ser. C, vol. iv. pt. 8, 1918, p. 20.

{ Trans. New Zealand Institute, vol. li. 1919, p. 452 (footnote).

§ Sacco, op. cit. p. 28, pl. v. figs. 52, 53.

|| Fischer and Oehlert, op. cit. pp. 865-86.

4] Deshayes, Cat. des Moll. de I’lle de la Réunion (Bourbon), 1863,

p- 37 (reprint), pl. v. figs. 9, 10, 11.

** Fischer and Oeblert (op. cit. p. 84) have evidently taken Deshayes’

enlarged figures (pl. v. figs. 9, 10) as Tepresenting the natural size,

having overlooked the dimensions given in the text,

Brachiopods in the Persian Gulf. 45

above. Its occurrence in this region has been remarked

upon by several writers, including Davidson *, who regarded

the locality as at fault. The present discovery of Mih/feldtia

in the Persian Gulf adds further proof of the occurrence of

the genus.outside the region to which it has hitherto been

supposed to be restricted.

The occurrence of two typical Lusitanian species of Brachio-

pods in the Persian Gulf is of great interest from the point

of view of geographical distribution. As pointed out by

Schuchert T, “the present Mediterranean is the remainder

of the ancient and far more extensive Tethys, always more or

less in connection with the North Atlantic (= Poseidon), and

in early Tertiary time communicating freely with the Indian

Ocean.” A survey of the present distribution of certain

groups of animals brings out very clearly that several forms

have spread through this ancient Tethys. The Brachiopods

are particularly interesting from this point of view. In

addition to the two forms dealt with in this paper, others

have been recorded from time to time, all of them pointing

to an intimate connection between the Atlantic and Indian

Oceans by way of the Mediterranean. In some cases the

same species is common to both oceans ; in others, species of

the Indian Ocean are closely allied to Atlantic forms. One

of the most characteristic forms is the large Dyscolia wyvillet

(Dav.), common on the east coast of the Atlantic from the

Bay of Biscay to the Cape Verde Islands. It also occurs as

a relict in the Antilles region. The same form is known

from the Maldives, through the researches of Alcock, who

described and figured the species under the name of Tere-

bratula johannis-davisit. he Indian Ocean form has been

carefully studied by Joubin $ and Blochmann ||, and. both

consider it to be identical with the Atlantic species. In all

probability it originated in ancient Tethys, as an ancestral

form, Dyscolia (olim Terebratula) guiscardiana (Seg.), is

found in the Pliocene of Sicily J. Chlidonophora is another

genus having representatives in the Indian and Atlantic

Oceans, and nowhere else. C. incerta (Dav.) is found off

* Davidson, op. cit. pt. ii, 1887, p. 105.

t+ Schuchert, “ Paleogeographic and Geologic Significance of Recent

Brachiopoda,” Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. xxii. 1911, p. 271.

ft Alcock, ‘Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal,’ vol. Ixiii. pt. ii. 1894,

pp. 189-140.

§ Joubin, Bull. de ’Inst. Océan. Monaco, no, 103, 1907, p. 6.

|| Blochmann, op, ect. 1908, p. 688.

4] Fischer and Oehlert, op. cit, 1891, p. 29.

46 Mr. J. W. Jackson on Lusitanian

Havana and in the equatorial mid-Atlantic, while a very

closely allied form—C. chuni, Bl_—oceurs in the Indian

Ocean off the Maldives. The occurrence of Kingena alcocki,

Joubin *, in the Indian Ocean is also significant, as, if well

established, it can be correlated with the Cretaceous occur-

rence of the genus in Europe.

The following occurrences of certain Brachiopods in the

Indian Ocean may also be mentioned, but more information

is desired regarding their relationships. Lacazella mediter-

ranea (Risso), a western Mediterranean species, occurring

also off Jamaica and in the Gulf of Mexico, and asa fossil in

the Miocene and Pliocene of Italy, is stated by Sir H. Barkly

to occur off Mauritius; but this statement must be taken

with reserve according to Davidson}. Liothyrina cernica

(Crosse) was found in the stomach of a fish taken at 80 fath.

deep off Mauritius. It is reported to approach the Medi-

terranean ZL, vitrea (Born) and, even more closely, L. cubensis

(Pourtales), the West Atlantic form of the Lusitanian

L. sphenotdea (Phil.) {. According to Blochmann §, Studer

mentions a Liothyrina from Mauritius which may belong to

the same species. Further, a Liothyrina, sp. indet., is

recorded by Dall || from south of Saya de Malha Banks,

N.N.E. of Mauritius. In outward form it approaches

L. bartlett’, Dall, from the Antilles region ; its loop shows

affinity with JZ. sphenoidea (Phil.), and the spicule are

closely allied to LZ. vitrea (Born).

The relationship between the fauna of the Indian and

Atlantic Oceans, as exhibited by the Brachiopoda, is also

shown clearly by other groups of marine animals, A few

points only can be referred to here.

Doderlein § considers a number of the common sea-urehins

of both faunal regions to be so nearly allied as to be better

regarded as varieties only of one and the same species, rather

than specifically distinct.

Doflein ** remarks on the close affinity of the Brachyura of

* Joubin, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris (1906), 1907, pp. 529-582.

(This has the appearance of a young form of Lagueus.—J. W. J.)

+ Davidson, op. ett. pt. ii. p. 158.

{ Crosse, ‘ Journal de Conchyliologie,’ vol. xxi. p. 285, and vol. xxii.

P 75, pl. i. fig. 3 (1878); see also Davidson, op. ert. pt. i. 1886, p. 16,

eiae. 19.

: § Blochmann, op. cit. 1908, p. 625.

|| Dall, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser., Zool. vol. xiii. pt. 3, 1910,

p. 489, pl. xxvi. figs. 1-2.

q Zide Blochmann, op. cit. 1908, p. 637,

** Td, ibid,

Brachiopods in the Persian Gulf. AT

both regions. He more especially compares the species on

the East-African coast, and regards them as identical with

species found in the Atlantic.

Alcock * points out that the sublittoral (25-250 fath.)

genera and species of Paguride inhabiting the Indian seas

appear to be most closely related to the sublittoral hermits of

the West Indies and of the north-west coast of Africa and its

outlying islands,

As pointed out by Prof. 8. J. Hickson +, Alcock, in his

comments on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Indian Ocean,

ealls attention to the ‘ many intimate affinities of the fauna

of moderate depths of the Indian seas with the North-Atlantic

fauna,’ %ind considers them “to be sufficient to suggest a

direct sea-connection, in the past, between the Atlantic and

Indian Oceans, and the case of Caryophyllia communis *and

Flabellum laeindatum would indicate that the connection

was by way of the Mediterranean.” Among the species of

Madreporarian corals obtained by Townsend in the Persian

Gulf, and described by Miss R. Harrison and Professor 8. J.

Hickson f, is one, Pyrophyllia inflata, which appears to

provide even stronger evidence of the truth of Alcock’s

hypothesis, and to suggest a former connection of the Gulf

with the Mediterranean Sea. Pyrophyllia is related to the

recent Guynia annulata, Duncan, from the Adventure Bank,

in the Mediterranean (92 fath.), and to the extinct genus

Conosmilia, found in ‘Tertiary deposits of Australia. Among

the other corals found in the Persian Gulf is a species of

Trematotrochus (T. zelandie), identical with a recent coral

from Cook’s Strait, New Zealand, and closely related to

species of the same genus from the Tertiary deposits of

Australia, and to a recent form found in St. Vincent Gulf

and Backstairs Passage, S. Australia, at depths of from 15 to

22 fathoms. The above facts are significant in connection

with the close relationship which seems to exist between

certain of the Brachiopod genera of Australia-New Zealand

on the one hand, and Atlantic—Mediterranean on the other.

This point has recently been emphasized by Thomson §, and

want of space precludes a discussion here ; but it may be of

interest to mention that the Brachiopod genera concerned are

* Alcock, “ Paguride” in ‘The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive

and Laceadive Archipelagos,’ ed. by J. Stanley Gardiner, vol. ii, 1903-

1906, p. 828.

+ Hickson, op. cit. 1911, p. 1038.

} Id. ibid. pp. 1020, 1038-1039,

§ Thomson, op. cit, 1918, p. 57.

48 Mr. J. W. Jackson on Lusitanian

Cryptopora and Argyrotheca, which are recorded from thie

Australian and Atlantic-Mediterranean regions (the last-

named is also fossil in New Zealand), and Amphithy7is,

which is recorded from the New Zealand and Mediterranean

regions.

Doubtless a close study of other groups of animals would

reveal similar analogies.

In conclusion, I might point out that Melvill and Standen *,

in their paper on “ The Mollusca of the Persian Gulf ete.,”

remark that the Persian Gulf fauna bears a considerable

generic analogy with the Mediterranean molluscan fauna,

though so widely differing specifically.

Supplementary Notes on the foregoing Paper.

While the above paper was in the hands of the printer, I

received from Dr. W. H. Dall a memoir dealing with the

collection of Recent Brachiopoda in the United States

National Museum t. In this report Dr. Dall has had occasion

to revise the nomenclature of certain of the forms dealt with

in the foregoing pages. The chief alterations are as follows :—

Terebratulina caput-serpentis (Linné, 1767) should be Z. re-

tusa (Linné, 1758); Mwhlfeldtia truncata (Linné, 1767)

becomes MM, disculus (Pailas, 1766), though in this I cannot

readily concur, as Pallas’ figures are very unlike the species

in question; the Lacazella mediterranea (Risso) from Mauritius

(Sir H. Barkly) is regarded as a distinct species under the

name L. mauritiana, Dall; Kingena alcocki, Joubin, is

placed in the genus Frenulina, which, from a recent study of

a specimen in the British Museum, I can corroborate: the

loop, if anything, is very slightly more advanced than that of

the genotype Frenulina sanguinolenta (Gmelin) ; it possesses,

however, the same type of cardinalia, also dental plates and a

fused pedicle-collar in the ventral valve. Dall’s specimen is

from the Sulu Sea (‘ Valdivia’ Exped.), that belonging to

the British Museum is labelled “ Off Travancore, Dr. Bloch-

mann.” Terebratulina valdiview, Blochmann, is recorded by

Dall (op. e¢t. p. 301) from numerous localities (other than

the type-station, off Nias, Sumatra), including Korea, Philip-

pine Islands, and China Sea. With regard to the Morrisia

gigantea, Deshayes (Isle of Réunion), Dall places this tenta-

tively in Pantellaria (olim Muhifeldtia) echinata (F. & OU.),

which he also records from the Cape of Good Hope, New

South Wales, Barbados, and Sand Key, Florida. From

* Melvill and Standen, op. evt. 1906, p. 783.

+ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. lvii. 1920, pp. 261-377.

Brachiopods in the Persian Gulf. 49

Deshayes’ description and figures I am not convinced of the

identity of “gigantea” with the Aliuh/f ldtia echinata, F. & O.,

but am more inclined to refer it to JL. truncata, var. pauct-

striata. The presence of JMihlfeldtia at the Cape and

Australia is remarkable, and of great importance from the

point of view of distribution. I am able to record the

presence of an immature example of J/. truncata, labelled

*S. Atriea. J. HH. Ponsonby evll., 1900. 6.13.4.” in the

British Museum. This point, and the occurrence at the Cape

of other new species with Mediterranean affinities, will be

discussed in a future memoir on the Biachiopoda in the Cape

Town Museum.

In the foregoing pages I omitted to call attention to

Dr. J. H. Ashworth’s discovery of larval forms of Léngula

anatina in the Red Sea*. InJune 1914 this author obtained

“fourteen larve of the above in the southern part of the Red

Sea, lat. 15° N., long. 42° E.; and in October of the same

year two larve were again taken in the same neighbourhood ;

one larva in the Indian Ocean, about 4° south of Colombo;

and six larvee of Pelagodiseus atlanticus (King) a little to the

south of Cape Comorin, 8. ludia.

While examining the Brachiopoda at the British Museum

recently I discovered a specimen (in spirit) labelled ** Lingula

anatina. Durban. J. 11. Ponsonby. 99. 4.14.1.” ‘This

requires further study.

According to Dall (op. cit. pp. 262-263) Lingula anatina

should be known as Z. wnguts (Linné, 17538).

The following are to be added to the f:una of the Arabian

Sea :—Lingula translucida, Dall, 1920, Karachi; also found

at Java and the Philippine Islands (Dall, op. et. p. 264) ;

Lingula hians, Swainson, Bombay (Melvill and Aber-

m bie) F.

This is not the place to discuss Dr. Dall’s useful List of

Recent Brachiopoda, but a good opportunity is provided to

call attention to the fact that Dall’s new subgenus Pereudesia

(p. 360) is antedated by my Coptothyris (Oct. 1918) f. It is

unfortunate that Dr, Dall has auticipated many of my own

conclusions, which were arrived at during researches dating

from before the war, various duties during the interval having

prevented me from writing them up for publication.

* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. li. pt. i. 1915, pp. 45-69, pls. iv. and v.

+ Mem. and Proc. Manch. Lit. & Phil. Soc. 4th ser. vol. vii. 1893,

35.

7 J. W. Jackson, “On Terebratula grayt, Davidson,” Geol. Mag., Oct.

1918, pp. 479-480.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 4

50 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

V.—New Chilopoda and Diplopoda from the East Indian

Region. By Ratru V. CuamBerztin, Museum of Com-

parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

Tue new Chilopods and Diplopods described in this paper

were found in the course of the identification of several lots

of specimens from the East Indies, making part of the

collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

CHILOPODA.

ScOLOPENDROMORPHA.

Cryptopide.

Cryptops brunneus, sp. 0.

With two sulci crossing the head longitudinally, these

diverging more strongly near middle of length. The head

is shorter and broader than in salciceps, and does not so

nearly cover the cervical sulcus of the first tergite. More

widely separated from that species in having longitudinal

sulci on the first tergite; these extending forward and

joining the cervical sulcus, not converging. From other

species having the first tergite of this character it differs in

having all the spiracles large and longitudinally elliptic.

Prosternal margin convex on each side; marginal sete

5+5. Ventral plates with a bowed transverse sulcus

crossed by a much weaker longitudinal sulcus, which is often

vague near the transverse one. Last ventral plate moderately

narrowed caudad; caudal margin straight or slightly convex ;

corners rounded. Coxopleure candally truncate ; pores

larger than in sulciceps, but similarly removed by a wide space

from dorsal plate and also from caudal margin; without

spines, bearing only finer sete. Hairs of legs much finer

than in sulciceps. Colour, in general, brown, the head

lighter, ferruginous.

Length 16°5 mi.

Locality. — Philippines : Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C. F.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 2000).

Otostigmide.

Otocryptops melanostomus valens, var. n.

Close to O. melanostomus, but differing in having meta-

tarsal and tarsal spines on the twentieth legs and a tarsal

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 51

spine on the twenty-first; in the different position and greater

proportionate length of the ventral spine of the femur of the

anal legs, the spine equalling the distance of its base from

the proximal end of the joint and about half the distance to

the distal end ; and in the form of the cephalic plate, which

is proportionately broader and which has the caudal margin

mesally straight instead of convexly rounded. Head and

first tergite chestuut, the remaining portion of dorsum

browner, with the caudal border of each plate crossed by a

dusky stripe.

Leveth 35 mm.

Locality. — Philippines: Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C. /.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 2011).

Otostigmus philippinus, sp. 0.

Antennee composed of seventeen articles, of which the first

two are very sparsely hairy, the others more deusely and

finely so, the third nearly to base. Tergites margined from

tenth caudad ; paired sulci present on tergites from the fifth

caudad. Prosternal dental plates each with three distinct

teeth. Sulci of sternites in middle and posterior region

reaching to near middle of plate ; plates of posterior region

couspicuously uneven and roughened with short ridges,

swellings, and granules. Last ventral plate narrowed

caudad ; caudal margin widely incurved. Coxopleural

processes with two (or but one) distal points, armed laterally

with three spines and dorsally with one. Only first four

pairs of legs with two tarsal spines; others with two to the

twentieth inclusive. Femur of anal legs ventrally with

three spines toward outer side, three to six toward inner,

two stouter ones on mesal surface and one at distal end

above. Colour above, in general, olive-brown, plates clearer

green along caudal and lateral edges; legs fulvous, the

posterior pairs darker, brown or olive-brown ; antenne dark

olive. .

Length 33 mm.

Locality.—Philippines : Mt. Makiling (C. F. Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 1993).

Otostigmus bakert, sp. n.

This species lies in the small group in which the anal legs

are wholly unarmed. It is, among these, apparently most

like the Colombian O. burgeri, Attems. Antenne consisting

De Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

of twenty articles. Tergites margined, beginning first

distinctly on the eighth plate ; sulci beginning on segment 5.

A weak median keel set off by furrows and two lateral

ones on each side on most plates. Prosternum with each

dental platé bearing six or seven teeth, the outermost ones

smaller in size than the others. Sulci distinct across

anterior borders of sternites. Last ventral plate strongly

narrowed caudad; caudal margin deeply incurved ; plate

with a deep longitudinal sulcus on each side, and a much

weaker median one. Coxopleural processes at tip with two

spinous points and laterally with three, none dorsally. Legs

from first to nineteenth inclusive with two tarsal spines ;

the twentieth with one. Anal legs with femur smooth,

wholly unarmed; a scar indicates the probable presence

of a tarsal spine. Dorsum greenish brown ; head and first

tergite somewhat ferruginous caudally and antenne also

hghter, somewhat fulvo-ferruginous beyond the base.

Venter brown. Legs greenish.

Length 39 mm.

Locahty.—Philippines: Mt. Makiling (C. F. Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 1992).

Scolopendridz.

Asanada sinaitica, sp. n.

Similar in general to A. brevicornis, Meinert, the genotype.

‘The paired dorsal sulci begin as complete lines on the fourth

tergite instead of on the sixth, traces of sulci occurring on

the third tergite both across the anterior and the posterior

border. The female type, as compared with a typical female

of brevicornis, has the head broader in proportion to the

length, and anteriorly is more triangularly narrowed, less

rounded, than in the latter. The last tergite is more

markedly widened caudad from base, and the caudal end is

more produced, with the median angle less obtuse. The

anal legs are more slender than in the female brevicornis, the

tarsal joints in particular being proportionately longer, with

the first much exceeding the second instead of being

essentially equal to it in length ; the claw is conspicuously

different, being much shorter, less than half the length of

the second tarsal article instead of as long or nearly as long

as it, with an even dorsal curve instead of a curve conyex

proximally, and then flat or concave proximad of tip (more

as in- female brevicornis), with serrations not extending so

far toward base.

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 53

Length 25 mm.

Locality.— Palestine : Sinai (W. Sharbeh, April 2, 1914).

Type, Mus. Coll. Zool. (No. 1937).

Asanada philippina, sp. 0.

This species is readily separable from the other two by

differences in the anal legs. The claws of the anal legs

in the male are long and exceed the second tarsal joint in

length. The anal legs are strongly enlarged nearly as

in brevicornis ; the femur and metatarsus are not furrowed

above, while the tibia is marked with a deep longitudinal

furrow, deepest distally, but not extending over the proximal

portion. Dorsum brown; head darker, of a bluish or

slightly purplish tinge, the anal legs similar; other. legs

fulvous. Antenne short, reaching to end of or a little

beyond first tergite. Prosternal teeth 4+4, the end ones

on each side small. Tenth tergite with paired sulci com-

plete, ninth with sulci complete, excepting for a short

interruption a little distance from caudal end, on others not

reaching the caudal margin, though on séventh, eighth, and

ninth not falling far short, on sixth and fifth extending to

near middle, on third and fourth still shorter, and on second

present only as short traces at anterior border. Sternites

with two complete sulci. Last plate with caudal margin

straight along middle, corners well rounded, a distinct

median sulcus which does not cross the caudal border.

Length 31 mm.

Locality.—Philippines: Mt. Makiling.

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No, 1995); paratype (No. 1996).

LITHOBIOMORPHA.

Henicopide.

Lamyctes cairensis, sp. u.

While the type of this species is in poor condition it

seems to present characters sufficient for its diagnosis,

inasmuch as it stands apart with LZ. sinwata (Porat), likewise

an African species, in having a tibial spur on thirteenth (or

thirteenth and fourteenth) legs as well as on the more

anterior ores. It differs decidedly from sinuata, however, in

the character of the posterior tergites, these being caudally

only moderately incurved and with caudal corners rounded,

with no suggestion of processes. The surface of the

54 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

posterior tergites only moderately a little granular, not

densely granular as in sinuata. Prosternal teeth 3+3.

Antenne. with distal ends broken off, but twenty-eight

articles are left on one side, so that twenty-nine or more

articles are normally present. Thirteenth tarsi biarticulate.

(Fourteenth and fifteenth legs missing in type.)

Length 8 mm.

Locahty.—Cairo.

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 1984).

ScuTIGEROMORPHA.

Scutigeride.

Parascutigera philippina, sp. n.

Agreeing in general with the genus as represented by

P, dahli, Verhoeff, of the Bismarck Archipelago. Antenne

with articles of first flagellum fewer, only one hundred and

eighteen. (Right antenna, the left not showing a division

between first and second divisions.) Legs also similarly

comparatively short, though apparently longer than in

dahli. Tarsus of first leg with ten articles; of the second,

nine; of the third, eight; of the fourth, twelve; of the

fifth, seven; of the twelfth, seven, the second division

having twenty-nine articles. Second division of other legs

with twenty-three to thirty articles. Spine on ventral side

of femur at distal end much: exceeding the diameter of the

joint. Spine on caudal side of coxa long. Spiracles very

short, on oblique caudal border, the tergites but little

elevated about them. Dorsum fulvous of green tinge, with

three longitudinal dark green stripes, of which the lateral

one is paler than the median and may be more or less

geminate. The median dark stripe extending also upon the

head, each side of which the latter is fulvo-ferruginous.

Antenne ferruginous. Legs, in general, greenish, narrowly

annulate with ferruginous.

Length about 12 mm. (male type).

Locality.—Philippines : Mt. Makiling (C. F. Baker).

Type, Mus, Comp. Zool. (No. 1998).

A female from the same locality (Mus. Comp. Zool.,

No. 1999), seems to agree fully in coloration and other

features, so far as may be judged (all legs but one of the

seventh heing absent), excepting that the first division of

the antennz embraces only about eighty-eight articles.

The branches of .the gonopods diverge caudad. It may

represent another species, but is .too fragmentary for

satisfactory determination.

Fast-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 55

DIPLOPODA.

ONISCOMORPHA.

Glomeridz.

ZYGETHOMERIS, gen. nov.

Resembling Rhopalomeris, Verhoeff, based upon Wood’s

species bicolor from the Malayan peninsula, in the peculiar

sixth article of the antenna, which is greatly enlarged,

somewhat curved, and obviously compressed from side to

side. Unlike Rhopalomeris, however, the seventh article is

less flattened and obliquely extended against the sixth,

being clearly set off and possessing only four well-

separated sensory cones instead of numerous ones. The

body is strongly pigmented.

Genotype, Z. lamprus, sp. n.

Zygethomeris lamprus, sp. 0.

Differing from Glomeris concolor, Pocock, also from

Borneo, strikingly in coloration. In the present species the

dorsum is deep chocolate-brown, with the keels and caudal

borders flavous. Head flavous below, also in a narrow

transverse stripe across vertex, below which is an A-shaped

pattern extending to the antenne. Venter and legs fulvous.

Head with transverse ridge above well marked. Antenne

short ; the sixth article much longest and stoutest, clavately

widening distad with dorsal surface concave and ventral

convex, strongly flattened from side to side; third article

second in length; seventh article short, attached by an

oblique base, with four (or on one side five) sensory

cones. Ocelli on each side seven in a single row.

Collum crossed in front by two distinct transverse sulci.

Second tergite behind front margin with nine or ten much

finer transverse sulci on each side, most of these con-

tinuing also across the mid-dorsal region.

The anal tergite of the male as viewed from above

is convex from side to side ; in caudal view the edge is

nearly horizontal, being only very slightly obtusely emar-

ginate or indented after the middle.

In the male the seventeenth and eighteenth pairs of legs

are much reduced, the eighteenth exceeding the seventeenth,

though not greatly so; first joint on mesal side with an

acute vertical process, and on outer side giving rise to a thin

plate, against the anterior face of which the leg lies. The

56 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin en new ~

nintcenth or copulatory legs are stout and uncate ; second

joint bearing a long, curved, digitiform process with a

seta at tip; “third joint with a similar, but much shorter

process at distal end on mesal side and with a longer and

stouter, distally broad and blunt, prolongation from the

disto-caudal surface; fourth joint with a conical process

curving from the distal end of the caudal surface mesad, its

apex approximate to that of the mesal process of the third

joiut; Jast joint flattened ectomesally, curved, narrowing

distad to a point.

Length 18 or 19 mm.; width 8 mm,

Locality— Borneo : Sarawak, Ladong (H. W. Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4687).

Spherotheride.

TrocHOSOMA, gen. nov.

In this genus the vulva resembles that of Australiosoma in

having the basal picce divided into two distinct plates ; but

of these the mesal one is much the longer, extending along

the mesal side of the apical piece which it surpasses. The

distal piece of the vulva is low and broad, with its line

of junction with the proximal pieces very oblique. The

anterior gonopods of the male with the immovable finger

much shorter, rounded, uniarticul.ite and the movable finger

biarticulate, its first joint short and provided with a short

rounded process or spur simulating a minor immovable

finger. lu the posterior gonopods beth fingers are uni-

articulate, equal iu length, curving together and typically

overlapping at the tip. In the legs there is a stout spine

whove and remote from the claw. Antenne very short,

composed of six articles of which the last is a little enlarged

in the male, but not at all in the female ; sensory cones

numerous.

Genotype, 7. pelloceps, sp. n.

Trochosoma pelloceps, sp. n.

At present, after long preservation, the types are brown

or somewhat testaceous above, with the anal plate and some

of the more anterior ones in particular dusky ; each plate

along its caudal border of a deeper, nearly blackish colour.

Head, antenuee, and collum deeper in colour than the other

parts.

Antenne very short, flattened. In the female thickest at

base, with the first article stoutest and of about the same

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 57

length as the sixth, these two much longer than the inter-

mediate ones. In the male the antenne are also attennated

from the base distad, but the fast article is somewhat

thickened and moderately clavate, proportionately stouter

than in the female. Head smooth and shining, the puncte

few and widely scattered above, more numerous in clypeal

region.

Collum with anterior margin strongly arcuate, each half

strongly concave, and the two curving forward and meeting

at an angle at the middle. The caudal margin between thie

lateral angles semicircular. Surface smooth, not punctate.

Second tergite strongly margined in front laterally, the

elevated border narrow in middle above and widening down

each side as usual, then again narrower laterally. Plates

depressed strongly within the border below and at the sides

in front, but not dorsally. Surface not punctate, shining.

Other tergite also smooth and shining, not punctate.

Anal plate smooth and shining, under magnification

showing very fine punctations. Above lower or caudal

margin a weak depression or obscure furrow.

In the vulva the suture between the halves of proximal

division runs obliquely from the caudal end ectocephalad, the

outer piece lying almost transversely. Distal margin of

these pieces taken together a little concave, very oblique, the

mesal piece extending distad much beyond the outer and

beyond the distal piece as well. The latter is low, but

broadly extended over the ectocephalic surfaces of the two

basal pieces.

In the posterior gonopods of the male the two fingers are

concave on their adaxial sides, convex on the abaxial, curving

together and crossing at the tips; each finger serrate or

dentate along the adaxial edge for the entire length.

Length (male) about 22 mm. ; width 9:2 mm.

Locality South India: Periakulum (Mrs. D.C. Scudder,

May 1863).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4694); paratype

(No. 4695).

HELIGMASOMA, gen. nov.

Resembling Cyliosoma, a genus apparently confined to

Australia and adjacent islands. From that genus differing

in having the apical as well as the proximal division of the

vulva of the female longitudinally divided into two pieces,

So far as the published descriptions and the species I have

examined give evidence, the antennze of Cyliosoma are each

58 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

terminated by four sensory cones, while in the present genus

the sensory cones are numerous. Articles of antenne six

instead of seven.

Genotype, H. errans, sp. n.

Heligmasoma errans, sp. n.

Because of long preservation the original colour of the type-

specimens is doubtful. They appear to have been dark,

perhaps of an olivaceous tinge with the caudal margins of

tergites ferruginous.

The head above is smooth and without puncte, excepting

a few laterally. In going toward the labrum, however, the

puncte become deeper and much more numerous. Antenne

short, not stout, last joint slightly clavately wideued distad,

with numerous small sensory cones.

The collum with anterior margin curving forward and

fitting into the superior depression of the head. Posterior

margin curving in an even semicircle between the apices of

the lateral angles. A fine margining sulcus along anterior

border curving forward at the middle, though not so strongly

so as the margin of the plate. Surface of the plate smooth

and shining, or the punctz obscure, few, and scattered.

Anterior elevated border of the second plate thick

laterally, narrower in the middle region, as is that of lateral

along lateral margin. The furrow behind it deep, widening

laterally, its surface smooth and shining; border limiting

furrow behind smooth, set off by a vague furrow. General

surface of plate densely and deeply punctate. Other tergites

also densely punctate.

Anal scutum densely punctate, the surface also uneven or

roughened. Lower or caudal border distinctly margined, the

narrow elevated border smooth.

Both the- basal and the apical divisions of vulva longi-

tudinally subdivided. Mesal basal piece narrower, but much

longer than the ectal, extending distad along the apical

division and attaining or nearly attaining the level of the

tip of the latter. Apical division proportionately small,

subconical, the two halves scarcely differing in size.

In the anterior gonopods of the male the two fingers are

one-jointed. The movable finger is broadly conical,

distally rounded, concave on the side toward the other

branch. ‘I'he latter is much shorter than the other, toward

which it is a little curved ; it is broad and distally rounded,

and lies close to the other finger. The movable finger of the

posterior gonopods is of the general form usual in Cyliosoma,

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 59

much stouter than the immovable branch, distally excavated

on the axial side as usual, with one of the edges here weakly

toothed. The immovable finger equal to the other in length,

flattened on axial surface, a little twisted, narrowing

moderately distad, the distal end rounded.

Length (male) about 38 mm.; width 20 mm.

Locality.— Unknown.

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4692); paratype (No.

4693).

Zoospherium amittum, sp. 0.

This species appears to conform to the genus Zoospherium

of Madagascar, and is probably from that locality, Through

long preservation the colour has been lost, leaving the

specimen throughout testaceous, excepting the eyes, which

are dark olive.

The head is sparsely lightly punctate. Antenne slender,

the last article cylindrical, bearing numerous sensory cones.

Collum of form described for Spheropeus magnus, but

with the lateral angles broader, less acute, and not curved so

decidedly forwards ; the plate is longer, making the caudal

margin more convex. ‘here are several irregular series of

shallow punctz in front, but the remaining part of plate

free from them.

Second tergite with lateral wings large; the margination

as usual, the depressed lateral border much and abruptly

below level of other part of plate. The surface is very

densely deeply punctate, but the puncte are not coarse.

In the succeeding plates the lower ends are narrowed to an

acute angle, the anterior surface being obliquely bevelled to

form a shelf over which the preceding plate fits; the surface

densely uniformly punctate, like that of the second tergite.

Anal scutum with surface like that of the preceding ones.

Weakly margined below, the border smooth and the

margining furrow shallow.

Tarsus of legs with a single stout spine above the claw.

The latter long and slender.

Vulva composed of three pieces, two larger ones separated

by the pore with a suture running obliquely proximomesad

from it; each of these pieces prolonged in a horn or process

partly embracing the unpaired piece, which is distoectal in

position and is distally deeply and acutely incised.

Length (female) about 40 mm. ; width 23 mm.

Locality — Uncertain, but probably Madagascar (‘‘ Wyman

coll”),

‘ype, Mus, Comp. Zool. (No. 4709).

60 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

Castanotherium obscurum, sp. n.

This species seems much to resemble C. carinatum, Poc.,

described from Mt. Kina Balu in Northern Borneo, but seem-

ing to differ in the copulatory organs, structure of the second

tergite, etc., and in the larger size and different coloration.

The colour is dark brown to fuscous, with the keels

testaceous, the light colour extending less than halfway to

the mid-dorsum. Anal tergite bordered entirely across

with the same light colour. Antenne, legs, and ventral

surface, in general, fulvous.

The head densely deeply punctate, the puncte setigerous ;

concave above at the middle. eee

The collum has the anterior face subvertical, the lower

edge at middle curviug ventrad to fit the concavity of the

head. Finely transversely ridged across anterior border of

the dorsal surface, depressed caudad of the ridge, with the

surface densely deeply punctate.

The second tergite with anterior margin elevated, a strong

transverse ridge caudad of the anterior border, but much

farther* forward than in carinatum, and a second obscure

ridge a little further caudad ; surface deeply punctate. All

following plates punctate, sulcate, or striate; scabrous in

front ; caudal margin with a dense fringe of caudally directed

short hairs.

Anal scutum closely punctate; in front finely granular

and scabrous.

Legs with a single spine above tlie claw.

In the posterior gonopods the two fiugers are equal in

Jength. The proximal part of the movable finger is notably

thicker than represented by Pocock for carinata. In the

anterior gonopods the immovable finger, in comparison with

the other, is much shorter and more abruptly bent distally

toward the latter.

In the vulva of the female the distal piece is longer disto-

proximaliy than in carinatum, and the piece as a whole

proportionately larger as weil as being diffi rently shaped.

Length of male about 32 mm. ; width 15 mm., as against

11°5 mm. in carinatum.

Locality —Borueo: Sarawak, Ladong (H. W. Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4688); paratypes (No.

4.689).

Castanotherium leium, sp. 0.

Dull brown above, the keels ferrugiious except marginally.

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 61

Head and collum deep fuscous or blackish olive. Antenne

and legs, except proximally, bright green.

Head rather weakly and not densely punctate, the sets

moderately long. Concave above as usual. Antenne short,

the last article strongly thickened and with numerous

sensory cones in the usual manner.

Collum of the typical general form. The transverse ridge

much slighter than in the preceding species, with surface

caudad of it scarcely depressed. Punctze rather sparse and

weak,

Second plate strongly margined laterally and anteriorly;

a conspicuous wide furrow along the elevated border, the

ridge caudad and mesad of this furrow low, not rising above

the level of the middle region of the plate, from which

separated, however, by a weak depression or furrow.

Surface appearing smooth, the puncte obscure. In the

other tergites the anterior part of the plate is sparsely

scabrous, ‘and the free posterior portion nearly smooth, a

little punctate and coriariously marked anteriorly, but at

most very weakly coriariously marked posteriorly.

Anal tergite with caudal margin not at all incised or

emarginate at middle. Surface with numerous weak

puncte and also obscurely marked with impressed lines,

vaguely subcoriarious.

Legs wit! a single spine above the claw.

Hach piece of the vulva of the female as a whole subconical

in outline, flattened antero-posteriorly as usual, the outer

margin convex, tle mesal one nearly straight. Apical piece

usually large ; its median length nearly equal to that of the

basal piece, extending down outside the latter to its base.

Length (female) 54 mm.; width 17°5 mm.

Locality — Philippines: Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C, F.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4690).

The only diagnosis of Pocock’s C. hirsutellum from

Paragua (Palawan) available to me is so brief that I cannot

be wholly certain of its relation to the present species. That

author’s C. porosum, also described from the Phillippines,

is widely different. In view of the fact that it lacks the

characteristic enlargement of the last antennal article,

the latter being simply cylindrical and bearing only four

sensory cones instead of numerous ones, it should be

separated generically, aud may be known as Castanotheroides

porosus (Pocock).

Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

er)

Spheropaus magnus, sp. n.

The general colour above is light chocolate-brown, with

the anterior, normally covered, portion of each tergite black,

the second tergite, which is wholly free, showing a dense

black colour over the anterior two-thirds of its length.

Collum also blackish. Coxe of legs brown, the other joints

green.

Head above smooth and shining, not punctate; below

punctate, puncta not deep ; a shallow depression on each side

below. Median emargination of labral border wide ; the

tooth broad, extending to lower end of emargination, black.

Last article of antenne strongly clavately thickened, distally

truncate, with numerous sensory cones.

Collum with anterior margin gently bowed forward

convexly at middle, concave on each side. Lateral angle on

each side rather narrow, curving forwards. Caudal margin

between angles convex, the median portion of the curve

flattened ; surface smooth and shining, not at all punctate,

obscurely coriariously marked. Plate margined in front, the

border set off by a fine sulcus, narrow laterally, thicker at

the middle.

The second tergite of usual general form and proportionate

size; anteriorly broadly excavated to receive the collum ;

margined in front of the lateral wings and again narrowing

below ; the plate rounding evenly down to the margining

sulcus, showing no distinct furrow in the median region, but

with a moderately wide and deep one evident on the wings ;

surface smooth and shining, not at all punctate, under the

lens showing coriarious markings. ‘The surface of the

following plates similarly smooth and shining, not at all

granular anteriorly.

Anal scutum broadly depressed some distance above the

lower margin, so that the lower border all the way around

flares out moderately. Above the lower margin a distinct

fine sulcus. Surface smooth and shining, coriarious lines as

on the other plates. ‘Tarsus with a single stout spine above

the claw.

Anterior gonopods of the male with the immovable finger

triangular, flattened, the pointed tip strongly chitinous and

bent toward the other finger. Movable finger much exceed-

ing the other, biarticulate, the distal joint shorter and

narrower, the proximal) joint at the distal end on ectocaudal

side with a short rounded spur or eminence. ‘The posterior

gonopods distally much resembling the claw of a lobster, the

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopod:. 63

immovable finger being large and heavy, the movable one

equalling it in length, but more slender and biarticulate,

the distal article very short, continuing evenly the lines

of the basal segment.

Length of male about 45 mm. ; width 24 mm.

Locality— Borneo : Sarawak, Ladong (H. W. Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4708).

SPIROSTREPTOIDEA.

Harpagophoride.

Thyropygus complexus, sp. 0.

Median plate of anterior gonopods low at middle, trian-

gular. Basal piece of anterior gonopods clavately widening

distad, produced at distomesal angle into a long acute prong.

Posterior gonopod from the upper end of the gonoceel

curving ectad, then proximad and again mesad; the

expanded apical part curving forward against the mesal side

of the base of the anterior gonopod ; just as it reaches the

upper open end of the gonoceel, the gonopod gives rise to a

long subcylindrieal process, which curves over against and

crosses the distal prong of the anterior gonopod on its

caudo-ectal side ; at the ectodorsal part of its curvature the

gonopod presents a process in the form of an elevated plate

or keel; at the base of the expanded apical region there

arises on the ventral side a long, acute, black-tipped prong

which parallels the edge of the plate, a much shorter black

spur occupying a corresponding position on the opposite or

dorsal edge ; the expanded end at its dorso-mesal corner

bears about ten long slender spines.

General colour black, the overlapped region of the

prozonites paler, testaceous, often of an olive cast. Labral

and lateral borders of head ferruginous. Legs and antennz

pale ferruginous, with the first two articles darker, brownish.

Head smooth; a sulcus present across vertex. Eyes

nearly once and a half their long diameter apart; inner end

angular; ocelli in six series—e. g., 18, 11, 10, 7, 7, 4.

Antenne short, reaching caudal edge of collum.

Collum strongly narrowed down the side, but a distinct

lateral convex margin evident, this joining the anterior

margin about the rounded antero-ventral corner; caudo-

ventral corner rectangular or a little more acute. Very

strongly margined below and up the front side to level of

eyes.

64 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

On other segments the transverse suture clearly marked

throughout ; suture widely moderately curving opposite the

well removed pore. Metazonites smooth above, with the

usual striations above and below. The prozonites above

with a network of chiefly trausversely placed impressed

lines.

Cauda of anal scutum much exceeding the valves, slightly

upeurved at the tip (male). Valves with mesal borders

strongly elevated and compressed.

Stigma pits triangular, with angle forwards.

Fourth and fifth joints of legs of male with the usual

cushions.

Number of segments (male) eighty-seven.

Length (maie) about 210 mm. ; width 10°7 mm.

Locality— Borneo : Sarawak, Poak, near Kuching (#7. WV.

Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4806).

Thyropygus amphelictus, sp. n.

‘The median plate of the gonopods in the form of a trans-

verse band expanded into the usual triangular process at the

middle, the distal margin each side of the triangle doubly

curved, the end of the bar a little expanded.

The outer lamina of the anterior gonopods only about

half as long as the inner; the latter narrowed distad, the

distal fourth a thinner, distally rounded plate with a slight

angle at base on ectal side, but without spur or process.

The posterior gonopod emerges at level of upper end of outer

lamina of anterior gonopods, from there curving caudomesad

and then cephalad, so that the greatly expanded terminal

lamina is brought against the base of the inner plate of the

anterior gonopod; from its mesal side below level of emergence

arises a long spine or prong, which lies in a continuation of

the gonoceel i in the inner plate of anterior gonopod ; it gives

rise also to two prongs a little proximad of the expanded end

region of which the ectal is shorter, stouter, distally black,

and but little curved, while the mesal is slender, curves

first mesad and then cephalo-ectad; the te erminal plate

bears about six spines at its antero-mesal angle.

The colour is shining black, with a very narrow stripe of

dull red along the caudal margins of the metazonites; the

covered part of prozonites testaceous, of green cast. Gollum

with narrow reddish border both in front and behind.

Head black above, the frontal and lower region with

antenne brown, of somewhat ferruginous cast. Legs

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 65

fulvous, with proximal joints browner. Anal scutum with

cauda red, basal region black; valves black, excepting

elevated inner borders, which are red.

Vertigial sulcus distinct. Antenne reaching to caudal

edge of second segment. Eyes more than their diameter

apart ; ocelli in six series—e. g., 13, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 (5).

Head behind transverse sulci at edge of collum with deep,

close, longitudinal furrows or rugz, elsewhere smooth.

Collum with lower margin nearly straight ; antero-lateral

angle rounded ; caudal margin concave just above lower

corner on each side. Strongly margined below and in

front. Two deep longitudimal sulci a little above lower

margining furrow from caudal margin part way forward

to anterior margin.

The segmental sulci very deep, widely curving opposite

the pores. Metazonites with longitudinal striz below, and

up the side nearly to pore, strongly marked. Prozonites

wholly smooth throughout.

Cauda exceeding valves; a little upcurled at the tip; a

deep sulcus setting off the caudal region from the basal..

Valves strongly margined.

Number of segments fifty-six to sixty.

Diameter (male) 10 mm.; length about 1385 mm.

Locality.— Java: Buitzenzorg (T. Barbour).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4812); paratypes (No.

4813).

The female much resembles 7. javanicus (Brandt),

though differing in details ; but the male is very different in

the form of the gouopods.

GoNOPLECTUS, gen nov.

This genus is referred to the Harpagophoridee, with which

it agrees in general, though the characteristic series of stout

setz on the distal plate of the posterior gonopods was not

detected in the long preserved and dried type-specimen.

The gonocosl is open laterally, the posterior gonopods

curving ectad and then proximad. Anterior median plate

somewhat inversely T-shaped, lying over the bases of the

middle pieces of the anterior gouepods; the latter in con-

tact along their mesal edges, strongly clavately widening

distad as in Leivtelus. Outer piece of anterior gonopod

exposed at base, but bending strongly mesad and mostly

concealed behind the inner plate. Posterior gonopod giving

rise at level of exit on anterior face to a stout, distally

pointed, long blade that curves De -mesad about the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vel. vii, 5

66 a Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

anterior gonopod, the distal end lying at the mesal line in

the genotype; twisted, the end expanded into a plate that

lies caudad of the outer border of the anterior gonopod.

Repugnatorial pores beginning on the sixth segment

nearly in line with the sutures, but the latter curving well

away from them.

Prozonites with numerous transverse striations, excepting

caudal portion, which is roughened with puncte and chiefly

longitudinal impressed lines. Metazonites below with deep

longitudinal strize, smooth above.

Ventral plates smooth. | Pits of spiracles short, less than

twice as long as wide, exceeding the lateral end of the

ventral plates, but much less so than in Thyropygus.

Fourth and fifth joints of legs in males with pads.

Cauda cylindrical, pointed, upcurled. Anal valves with

borders strongly elevated.

Genotype, G. carltoni, sp. n.

Gonoplectus carletoni, sp. n.

At present the prozonites are testaceous, with a dark irregu-

larly edged stripe on each side extending from the lower part

of the side dorsad beyond the pore to a point half-way

between the latter and the mid-dorsal line. The metazonites

brown. Legs brownish, distally dusky to nearly black.

Antenne reaching to near the end of the third segment.

Vertex of head caudad of the transverse suture, strongly

longitudinally ribbed. Median sulcus fine. Head mostly

smooth; punctate in clypeal and labral region. Labral

setigerous foveolate3+2. Teeth in labral sinus three, these

rounded.

Collum strongly narrowed down the side, margined below

and in front up to the level of the eye, the thickened border

especially broad at the anterior corner. Above the lower

margining sulcus two parallel sulci from caudal border

forward, and in front behind the anterior margining sulcus

many oblique and irregular striations.

Anterior median plate of gonopods with median or distal

arm broader than the lateral ; sides convex, converging distad

to a narrowly rounded apex. The inner piece of the anterior

gonopods strongly clavate to about distal third, the latter

triangular. At outer edge of base of this triangular part

arises a short, distally blunt, flat process that curves ecto-

caudad. The posterior gonopod from point of origin of the

long, mesally curving spur runs directly proximad, flexing

weakly sigmoidally and expanding into a plane; at end

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 67

concave caudally, extended mesad, and with a flat process

from its base running caudad and dividing the cavity.

Number of segments near sixty.

Width (male) 6°2 mm.

Locality.— Northern India (Rev. M. M. Carleton).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4858) ; paratype (No. 4858).

Odontopygide.

Letorerin#, subfam. nov.

Differing from the previously known Odontcpygide,

heretofore known as exclusively Ethiopian, in having the

tibial process of the posterior gonopods a broad and

thin plate, not at all distally pointed. In posterior gonopods

no spiral turn between coxa and femur, no femoral spine, and

no constriction between femoral and tibial divisions. Ventral

plate of anterior gonopods well developed, but fused proxi-

mally with part of the gonopods, over which it les.

Labral sinus with three teeth. Mentum with large

depression sharply limited behind.

Metazonites with caudal margin smooth. Anal valves

unarmed. Spiracles small, not extending beyond the lateral

ends of sternites.

Fourth and fifth joints of most legs of male with pro-

minent cushions.

LrEIoTELUs, gen. nov.

Posterior gonopods running mesad and then curving out

ectad and again distad, widening to tibia; tibial process and

tarsus broad, thin, expanded plates approximating at their

distal edges; tarsus or larger mesal plate with a short

straight spur from caudal edge.

Collum laterally narrow, with lower end freely projecting,

lower on each side; lower anterior and lateral borders

strongly margined.

Repugnatorial pores beginning on sixth segmeut. Pro-

zonites with numerous transverse striations. Metazouites

smooth.

Genotype, L. amballe, sp. n.

Leiotelus amballe, sp. n.

The median plate of the anterior gonopods inversely

T-shaped, lying against anterior face of cox of anterior

gonopods and below apex and at ends of arms fused with

68 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

these, the distal end free, triangular. Coxal plate of anterior

gonopods in anterior view widening strongly, clavately distad ;

distal edge oblique, incised a little mesad of ectal angle; the

meso-distal angle a little prolonged, acute, tip a little curved ;

from caudal surface below distal end arises a strongly

curved distally acute process, which bears a blunt spur or

lobe on caudal side near middle of length. Telopodite much

shorter, broadest at base, which is curved mesad, the other.

part lying against outer edge of and behind outer border of -

coxa. Posterior gonopod emerges near middle of length

of anterior coxa, which at this level bears a thick distally

concave lobe, in the hollow of which rests the emerging

posterior gonopod.

The general colour of prozonites dark olive, the meta-

zonites dark brown or somewhat ferruginous, the cauda and

the elevated margins of anal valves the same. Autennze

and legs yellow-brown or somewhat pale ferruginous.

T'ransverse suleus across vertex very sharp; the longi-

tudinal vertigial sulcus much finer, deeper at its lower end,

which is ona level with the mesal angles of the eyes.

Supra-labral region roughened by numerous vertical rugee.

Frontal region smooth. QOcelli in seven transverse, curving

series. Antenne short, reaching but little beyond the

collum. Cardo of mandibles in male strongly produced at

the ventro-caudal angle. Stripes of gnatho-chilarium (male)

at distal end with a large rounded thickening; proximally

with numerous short spinules.

Collum strongly narrowed on each side, narrowest a little

above lower end, the anterior corner being somewhat

extended, narrowly rounded; the caudal corner also rounded ;

lower margin a little convex. Elevated border very broad

about antero lateral corner. No sulci excepting the mar-

gining one on each side, the surface elsewhere being smooth

and shining.

Transverse sulcus of segments very deep throughout,

widely curving opposite the pore, which is well removed

from it.

Anal valves densely finely punctate above; compressed

mesally, the mesal border strongly elevated, but without

definite margining furrow. Gauda short, acuminate, a little

upcurled.

Number of segments fifty-five.

Width (male) 8°1 mm.

Locality.—India : Amballa.

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4856).

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 69

SPIROBOLOIDBEA.

Trigoniulide.

Trigoniulus philippinus, sp. n.

Prozonites black dorsally, on the lower part of the sides

passing into ferruginous, the covered zone throughout also

of the lighter colour; metazonites above black in front, the

caudal half ferruginous, the band of the latter colour widening

down the sides. Anal scutum black, with a narrow ferru-

ginous margin behind. Collum black, narrowly margined

with ferruginous, the black area, like that of the other

segments on the sides, embracing many dusky-ferruginous

areas. Antenne and legs flavous, in part of a dilute

ferruginous cast.

Head smooth. Sulcus distinct across vertex, this part

ending in a shallow depression between eyes, absent in

frontal region but again distinct below. yes large, less

than once and a half their diameter apart. Antenne short,

thickened distally.

Collum of usual form, excepting that the caudal margin

just above the angle is more concave. Long, the anterior

region protruding far forward. Margination as usual.

Segments furrowed or shallowly constricted along the

position of the segmental suture, but the latter not evident

as a Sharply-defined sulcus. Below and up the sides to a

short distance below the pores distinct, not crowded, longi-

tudinal striz, but these strictly confined to the metazonites,

the strie at tiie suture bending abruptly dorsad. The

anterior prozonites covered densely with much finer wavy

strize, which are oblique and short, these in approaching the

level of the pore becoming more nearly vertical, and dorsally

replaced by deeper transverse striz; in going caudad these

fine striolations on the prozonites disappear, the dorsal ones

first being replaced by short waved marks and. then quite

disappearing. A series of small puncte and impressed

horseshoe-shaped markings along the sutures above. In the

middle and posterior regions tlie zonites above, especially

across the metazonites, raised into a number of low broad

longitudinal ruge.

Anal scutum covering the valves above; a depression on

the caudal border each side of the median angle, the de-

pression crossed by two or three short furrows. Anal valves

margined, the margining sulci deep; smooth.

_ The anterior male gonopods of the usual general form,

70 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

The median piece with the distal plate large, nearly attaining

distal ends of the inner prongs of the gonopods, much

exceeding the proximal arms in length, moderately narrowing

distad, well rounded at the end; the proximal branches

small, curving about the bases of the gonopods to each ectal

side.

Number of segments fifty-four.

Length (male) nearly 42 mm.; width 3°25 mm.

Locality.—Philippines: Los Bajios (C. F. Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4787).

Trigoniulus melanotelus, sp. n.

This species resembles the widespread 7. lumbricinus

(Gerst.) in size and coloration, but is easily distinguished

from that species in the character of the sculpturing of the

segments. The general colour is brick-red, with the pro-

zonites darker, producing an annulate appearance. Some-

times, however, the reddish colour may be almost lacking.

The head, collum, and anal segment darker, blackish, the

collum margined with reddish, the anal scutum paler along

the free margin, and the head lighter laterally. Legs fulvous

of a reddish cast.

The antenne short. Eyes snbtriangular, the caudal side

convex, the others straight. Labial pores as usual.

Collum narrowed as usual, the lower end well rounded,

not at all acute, the anterior and caudal margins above and

below somewhat concave. Marginations as usual.

Segmental sulci five, but distinct throughout, curved

Opposite pore. Segments not at all or only vaguely con-

stricted. A salient characteristic in the sculpturing by

which the species may at once be recognized is that each

segment is densely, finely, longitudinally striate below the

pore over both rings, as also for a way above it-and across

the dorsum as well as over the metazonite ; the dorsal region

of the prozonite free from longitudinal striew, but densely

marked with short curved impressed lines, much as in Jum-

bricinus. The longitudinal strie give a somewhat silky

lustre, much as in certain species of Dinematocricus (seri-

cordes aud allies).

Anal scutum rounded behind, covering the valves; surface

not striate, marked with impressed, branching, coriarious

lines. Valves margined.

In this species the distal division of the median plate of

the male gonopods is large and triangular, extending much

distad of the end of the coxa, excepting that the mesal side

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 71

of the latter is produced caudad to about the same distance,

or, rather, a little beyond. The arms of the piece above

form a U-shaped figure, but the upper, i. e. dorsal or attached

end of each arm, curves ectad about the base of the gonopod.

The telopodite of the anterior gonopods terminates at the

lower or free end in a short process from the mesal side,

which at its tip bends ectad into a short arm at right angles

to the basal part.

Number of segments fifty-three.

Diameter (female) 4 mm.

Locality.—Philippines: Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C. F.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4780); paratypes (No.

4781).

Trigoniulus major, sp. u.

This species, in the lack of a male, referred to this genus

with some doubt, resembles some specimens of 7. lumbri-

cinus in being of a brick-red colour, but the legs are flavous,

not ferruginous. The caudal borders of segments a deeper

red. Head and anal segments, especially the valves, lighter,

more flavous.

Sulcus on head evident on vertex and below. Surface in

general smooth. Eyes rather small, subcircular, widely

separated. Antenne short.

Whereas on the body of Jumbricinus there is a deep, fine

longitudinal sulcus across the plate at the level of the eye

on each Side, no such sulcus is evident in the present species ;

but below this level there are several wide and shallow

longitudinal furrows, not extending to either border.

The segments in general a little constricted, a shallow

depression encircling each segment along the suture, which

is obscure and above not evident. Below and part-way up

the side the usual longitudinal striz across the metazonite.

Striz on prozonite below finer and more numerous than on

the metazonite, those towards the pore in particular curving

up cephalo-dorsad, all more or less branching ; above pore

across dorsum replaced by a meshwork of numerous small,

curved, impressed lines, not mingled with puncte. In furrow

numerous puncte as well as coarser curved impressions.

Metazonites with some lines at edge of furrow, but other-

wise essentially smooth above.

Anal scutum not wholly covering the valves above. Valves

strongly compressed in the usual way.

Number of segments fifty-five.

72 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

Width (female) 6°5 mm.; length about 75 mm.

Locality.—Philippines : Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C. F.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Ocnrpl Zool. (No. 4814).

LitosTROPHUS, gen. nov.

Posterior gonopods broadly in contact at median line ;

coxal division at right angles to the telopodite, very broad,

disto-proximally broadest at middle line. Telopodite a broad

plate as usual, curving disto-mesad; excavated below disto-

mesal corner, the latter projecting as an acute angle, while

below excavation is a rather long, slender, styliform process.

The median plate of the anterior gonopods has a very charac-

teristic form, the distal undivided division being narrow and

long, equalling the coxal plate of the anterior gonopods in

length; proximal angles produced, as usual, into slender

arms, each of which curves against the base of the gonopod,

but ends distinctly on the middle of the anterior side of the

latter, where it joins or lies over the chitinous bar, which

curves about to the caudal side of the gonopod, the outer

lobe not projecting as a lobe into the mesal area between

the arms. Coxal piece elongate, simply and symmetrically

narrowed distad. The distal or posterior segment also a

simple elongate symmetrically rounded and curving caudad

distally.

Antenne short and thick, the basal part of each lying in

a deep excavation or groove below the eye. Labral sinus

large, obtusely angular, occupied by two large rounded

teeth, with an obsolete much smaller one on each side.

Collum of normal size, strongly narrowed down each side.

Repugnatorial pores on the prozonites.

In the male there are prominent tarsal pads on all the

legs, including the most posterior.

Anal scutum produced into a cauda cousiderably ex-

ceeding the valves.

senotype, L. segregatus, sp. nu.

Titostrophus segregatus, sp. 1.

Because of long preservation and having been allowed to

dry, the type does not show with certainty the original

coloration. At present it is testaceous, with the posterior

borders of the segments much darker.

Eyes subtriangular with the caudally placed base strongly

convex, the sides straight, and the anterior angle or apex

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. ris:

truncate, Antenne short and very thick, the widths of joints

being comparable to their lengths. Surface of head strongly

roughened with pittings and irregular corrugations; a broad

median longitudinal ridge over the lower frontal and the

clypeal region.

Collum margined below and up to level of eye in front.

Median region of plate strongly roughened; the borders,

especially the anterior one, smooth.

Segments closely striate beneath, the striz on the pro-

zonites towards level of pore oblique. Pores near sutures.

Tarsal pads thick, over entire length of tarsus, pro-

jecting as a free lobe distally. Claws very long, each with

a long spine above it aud a pair of shorter ones below.

Anal valves strongly compressed above but nearly level

below, the inner borders above thereby appearing strongly

elevated. Cauda cylindrical, distally rounded, a little

thicker dorso-ventrally toward end than at base.

Number of segments about fifty.

Width-(male) 6 mm.

Locality.—‘“‘ Gulf of Siam” (G. V. Fow).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4859).

PLOKAMOSTROPHUS, gen. nov.

Like Trigoniulus in having the tarsi of the anterior legs

of the male with pads beneath. May be distinguished from

that genus in having the coxal plates of the anterior

gonopods short, not prolonged as in 7rigoniulus, and much

exceeded by the telopodite; the latter broad throughout,

with a thickened mesal border rising a little further distad

than the main plate, but nothing like the cornuate, curved,

terminal prolongation of Trigoniulus. The anterior gonopods

suggesting those of Sympastrophus, but a mesal branch

of telopodite not separated as in that genus. Each arm of

median plate embracing the base of the gonopod as in the

latter genus; basal or outer lobe free at the mesal end as a

short lobe. Ventral plate of posterior gonopods in form of

au angle or curved arch with vertex distad, articulating with

gonopod at each end.

Genotype, P. mindanaonus, sp. un.

Plokamostrophus mindanaonus, sp. n.

Appearing very dark, the prozonites being blackish, with

the metazonites obscure ferruginous, a series of blacker areas

about pores along each side. Legs obscure ferruginous.

74 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

Head smooth. * Sulcus not evident in vertigial and frontal

regions, a short one present above labral edge. Eyes small,

fully twice their diameter apart.

Collum of ordinary form.

The pores are a little distance removed from the sutures,

the latter being straight opposite pores and distinct.

Longitudinal striz: across metazonites below and up the

side part-way to the pore, the striz crossing the front of

the suture but little, there oblique; the prozonites mostly

smooth, excepting that on some anterior segments there are

above short wavy striolations and some longer transverse

ones. A series of small curved marks and puncte along

suture above. Some weak longitudinal ruge above.

Anal scutum equalling the valves, without special

markings. Valves margined, the elevated mesal rim low

aud narrow, though sharply set off.

Median plate of anterior gonopods with distal part tri-

angular, acutely pointed, each side convex proximally and

somewhat concave distally; proximal arms widely diverging,

curving out about bases of gonopods. Coxal plates of first

gonopods rising distad to an angle on mesal side ; much

exceeded by the telepodite, which is broad across distal

end, with the thickened mesal ridge extending distad but

little beyond the principal part.

Number of segments fifty-three.

Width (male) 2°5 mm.

Locality.—Philippines : Mindanao, Butuan (C. F. Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4788).

Plokamostrophus luzonianus, sp. 0.

Greatly exceeding the preceding species, mindanaonus, in

size, and differing conspicuously in the details of the

gonopods.

General colour black, the caudal edges of segments

reddish and the covered part of prozonites light brewn to

fulvous. Lower part of face, antenne, and legs ferru-

gious,

Suleus of head distinct above and below. Eyes sub-

triangular, the meso-ventral edge convex, the caudal and

the antero-ectal sides straight, the outer angle rounded.

Foveole 2+ 2.

Collum nearly of same form as in 7. lumbricinus, with

a longitudinal stria similarly at level of eye.

Segments constricted moderately along position of suture.

Suture not present dorsally. Striz across metazonite below

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. TS

and only about half-way up to the pore. Striolation of

prozonite very fine and often in part obscure, oblique as

usual, none found above level of pore. Both prozonite and

metazonite dorsally wholly smooth, without markings.

Comprission of anal valves exceptionally strong, the

mesal borders being strongly elevated. Anal scutum not

quite wholly covering the valves.

Anterior legs of male, excepting the first two pairs, with

the usual tarsal pads.

Median plate of gonopods shaped something like the

wish-bone of a chicken, with the upper ends of the arms

curving outwards about the bases of the gonopods as usual ;

the distal plate shorter than the arms, broadly triangular,

the distal end rounded. ‘he disto-mesal angle of coxal

piece of anterior gonods extending well beyond the coxa,

broad distally, the mesal half rising above the ectal, with

the ectal corner angularly produced and its distal edge

convex.

Number of segments sixty and about that number.

Width of male, 7-2 mm.; of female, to 9 mm.

Locality—Philippines: Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C. F.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4815); paratypes (No.

4816).

Plokamostrophus guamanus, sp. 0.

In this species the median plate of the posterior gonopods

is in the form of a crescentic arch. The median plate of the

anterior gonopods is in general form like that of mindanao-

nus, but extends a shorter way distad, has the distal end more

rounded, and the upper arms shorter and even more strongly

_ divergent than in that species. The coxal plate of the

anterior gonopods is longer, and is characterized by having

the disto-mesal corner rounded, not elevated into an acute

process. The distal or caudal division differs in being

exceeded by the coxal plate, excepting the meso-distal

process, which extends beyond the plate—this process narrow

as in mindanaonus, but longer.

Prozonites and anterior part of metazonites black, the

remaining part of the metazonites ferruginous or in part

fulvous. Collum bordered all around with light, and the

median part including many light spots. Head below level

of eyes and laterally fulvous. Legs and antenne fulvous.

Segmental sutures mostly obsolete or absent. Surface for

the most part characteristically densely finely granular or

shagreened, smoother on posterior part of segments.

Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

or)

Number of segments about forty-seven.

Locality.—Guam Isld. (Owstou Coll.), 1895 (No. 5984).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4851).

Spirostrophus socius, sp. n.

This species resembles in general appearance and colour-

markings specimens of J. melanotelus, in which the red

colour is not developed. The two species were taken

together on Mt. Makiling in the Philippines. The present

species may be distinguished easily in lacking the dense

striation characteristic of melanotelus,

The body is fulvous to ferruginous below and in a band

encirling each metazonite, while the prozonites are black,

the dark annuli disappearing in the light colour ventrally ;

collum black, narrowly bordered with ferruginous; anal

segment black, the scutum narrowly bordered behind with

ferruginous. Legs and antenne fulvous to light brown.

Antenne short, thickened distad. Eyes somewhat tri-

angular, with the caudal or upper side strongly convex, the

mesal and outer sides straight, and the anterior angle

rounded. Surface smooth ; sulcus widely interrupted in the

frontal region. Foveole as usual.

The collum narrowed as usual. Infero-anterior corner

rouuded, the infero-caudal angle subrectangular.

Position of sulcus mace clear dorsally by a series of horse-

shoe-shaped impressions just in front of it ; curved opposite

the pore. Above the pore level; the surface smooth, ex-

cepting for the impressions mentioned and a few weak stri

across the metazonite. Below the pore the metazonite

crossed by longitudinal striz as usual, with some short

cuived striz immediately below the pore level just in front

of the sulvus, but further ventrad these quite absent. Pro-

zonite often showing numerous fine, short, wavy, mostly

vertical striz over its anterior part. |

Anal scutum just equalling the valves. The latter strongly

margined.

In the gonopods of the male the median piece has the

middle or distal plate long and broad, much less trapeziform

than in S. naresi, the genotype; its distal end also is

rounded, not truncate, and is mesally slightly notched. ‘The

proximal arms of the middle piece form a more U-shaped

figure, with their ends flaring out ectad about the bases of

the gonopods in the usual way ; the mesal process formed

by the free part of the outer branch runs directly distad to

come in contact with the edge of the arch, not diverging

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda, ~ 77

into the median cavity as in naresi. The general form of

the parts of the anterior gonopods as in naresi. Description

of posterior gonopods deferred until illustrations are pre-

pared.

Number of segments fifty-two or fifty-three.

Length (female) 50 mm.; width 3°6 mm.

Locality.—Philippines: Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C. F.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4782); paratypes (No. 4783).

Spirostrophus javanus, sp. n.

In the structure of the gonopods similar in general to

S. naresi, but differing in numerous minor details. The

anterior median plate is larger, with the upper arms less

strongly divergent and shorter relatively to the distal

undivided plate; the latter is distally similarly truncate or

very gently convex, but the sides are less divergent and more

evenly convex towards the arms ; the free mesal end of outer

lobe of arms projectivg more directly distad, close to mesal

edges of arms. ‘lhe anterior or basal division of the anterior

gonopods is of more nearly uniform width, the distal end

being broader and the lower middle part narrower.

The general colour black. Hach metazonite above is

bordered caudally with ferruginous, the ferruginous stripe

widening down the side and below, embracing the entire

metazonite, the black of the prozonite becoming lighter at

the same time from the inclusion of light dots. Legs and

antenne fulvous to pale ferruginous.

Antenne short, a little clavate. Eyes trapeziform, with

the base caudad and convex, less than twice their diameter

apart. Surface of head smooth and shining. Sulcus widely

interrupted in the frontal region as usual.

Collum strongly narrowed below on each side as usual ;

but the lateral edge straight, not rounded, the caudo-lateral

angle rectangular, the antero-lateral obtuse but not rounded,

or but little so.

Segments with no distinct median transverse suture, the

position of the latter occupied by a weak furrow, along which

above, in the typical segments, is a series of sharply

impressed circular and horseshoe-shaped marks, which

continue also in a series for some distance below the pore.

On the metazonite above are sparse and very small semicir-

cular or crescentic impressed lines. The metazonite crossed

below by the usual striz, wholly smooth above. In the

anterior segments the prozonites below the pore marked

78 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

with numerous oblique curved fine impressed striolations,

some of which in the first segments cross the dorsum as

deeper continuous striz; but in the succeeding segments

these lines break up into shorter curved lines, finally

becoming reduced to the sparse very small marks previously

mentioned.

Anal scutum equalling the valves, rounded. Valves

strongly margined.

Number of segments fifty.

Length (female) 37 mm. ; width 3:25 mm.

Locality.— Java: Buitenzorg (7. Barbour).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4844) ; paratypes (No.

48 15).

Rhinocricida.

Dinematocricus plenocinctus, sp. nu.

Colour olive-black, with metazonites, excepting its anterior

portion dorsally, covered with an encircling flavous band.

Collum narrowly bordered with flavous all around. Anal

segment solid black, excepting a narrow caudal border of

flavous or ferruginous to the anal scutum. Antenne and

legs flavous.

“The species is most easily distinguished, in connection

with coloration, by having the scobina extend to near the

thirty-second somite, with most in part exposed, the caudal

margin of the preceding tergite over those of each segment

being slightly sinuate as in undulatus, etc., but more lightly.

The sutures are distinct excepting 1n the mid-dorsal region ;

each fine, strongly bent in a semicircle about the pore on

each side. Segments smooth above ; striate beneath in the

usual manner.

Anal segment long. Scutum exceeded by the valves.

The latter only weakly compressed.

Number of segments fifty-two.

Width (female) . 2 mm.

Locality —Java: Buitzenzorg re Barbour).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4855).

Pachybolide.

Trachelomegalus modestior, sp. n.

Distinguished in coloration from hoplurus in having collum

black excepting a narrow red border, and the anal tergite

also black excepting a narrow caudal border, and the cauda,

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 79

which are red instead of being wholly blood-red ; the

metazonites a duller red, the red annuli narrower, in part so

dull as scarcely to differ from the anterior region ; and

especially in having a median dorsal row of fulvous to red

spots ; one spot on the anterior part of each segment.

Legs ferruginous.

The two species differ obviously in the cauda, this in

hoplurus being much longer and stouter.

The segmental suture more strongly curved about the

pore than in the other species, in which the suture, in fact,

is scarcely at all bowed.

In the gonopods of the male the proximal branches are

much more strongly divergent and the median distal plate

proportionately shorter. Injury to the gonopods prevents

complete determination of structure. The telopodites of

auterior pair curve strongly caudad beyond the segment.

Number of segments forty-seven.

Width (male) 62 mm.; female 7°5 mm.

Locality.— Borneo : Sarawak, Ladong (H. W. Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4810) ; paratypes (No. 4811).

PoLYDESMOIDBEA.

Strongylosomide.

Strongylosoma philippina, sp. n.

Shining black above, with a mid-dorsal series of bright

ferruginous spots, or these obscure or absent in the female.

Lateral edges of porigerous carine also often ferruginous.

Legs yellow. Antenne deep brown or black. Venter

fulvous or fulvo-ferruginous.

Sulcus across vertex extending very nearly to upper edges

of antennal sockets, very deep. Surface of head smooth

and shining. A few long setz along sulcus above, and with

more numerous shorter ones along clypeal and labral areas.

Antenne long and slender, the articles from second to sixth

very long.

Collum narrowly margined, smooth and shining ; antero-

lateral corner more angular than the caudo-lateral, which is

widely rounded.

Segments in general deeply constricted, the furrow between

the divisions strongly beaded. Surface smooth and shining,

glabrous. Keels of second segment well below level of

adjacent ones, extending forward beneath the first. Keels

on other segments indicated by a deep longitudinal sulcus

beneath, which is a low ridge-like swelling, thinner on the

80 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

non-porigerovs segments but thick on the others. Meta-

zonites from the fourth to the eighteenth with a transverse

sulcus, but none with a longitudinal sulcus.

Cauda extending well beyond valves, slightly depressed,

distally truncate, Anal valves mesally narrowly but sharply

margined.

In the male the process of fifth sternite thick, subeylin-

drical, with distal surface oblique and its anterior edge

mesally weakly emarginate or notched. Primary division

of telopodite of gonopod beginning near or proximad of

beginning of length ; the seminiferous and other division

twisted about each other and the latter distally bifureate,

the branches slender blades curving beneath the end of the

seminiferous division.

Length of males to about 19mm. ; width 155mm. The

females much stouter, up to 2°5 mm. in width.

Localities.—Philippines: Mt. Makiling, Mindanao, Butuan

(C. F. Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (Nos. 4651); paratypes (Nos. 4652

& 4653).

Prionopeltis kathanus, sp. n.

Above deep chocolate-brown to black, shining; the keels

yellow. Lower part of sides and venter more brownish,

sometimes of a slight reddish tinge. Legs and antenne

brown.

Antenne slender, of moderate length. Head smooth and

shining: a few sete below level of antennz ; vertigial

sulcus sharply impressed down to level of antennal sockets,

Dorsum strongly arched, the keels depressed so as to

continue nearly the same curvature. Transverse sulci dis-

tinct from the fifth segment, caudad. Posterior corners of

all keels angular, those from second caudad, more and more

acute than a right angle, but the processes of eighteenth

plate narrowly rounded, while the keels of the nineteenth

are greatly reduced. All keels strongly margined; the

porigerous ones much more thickened than the others.

Surface appearing smooth and shining, but under lens seen

to be coriariously finely roughened. Pleural keels below on

auterior segments ; these low, not produced.

Cauda slender. Valves with mesal margins set off by a

sulcus and strongly elevated. Anal sternite triangular ;

the anterior side convex, each lateral one more weakly so; a

transverse sulcus behind anterior border; the setigerous

tubercles considcrably removed from the caudal margin,

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 81

Sternites glabrous ; without processes in general, but the

fifth sternite in the male with two low, broad, mesally con-

fluent elevations.

In the gonopods of the male the second joint mesally

strongly setose ; produced caudad into a distally rounded

spur. Telopodite broad ; distally with a dorso-ectal blade

concave on mesal side, distally margined to an acute angle

and curved mesad, and arising from ventral edge of base of

this a style which is slender and acute at tip ; along basal

part with a thin blade-like marginal extension, and at base a

short acute process extending meso-ventrad. Coxal hook

long and slender.

Length (male) 32 mm. ; width 4:2 mm.

Locality.— Upper Burma: Katha (7. Barbour).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4860); paratypes (No.

46381).

Privnopeltis montanus, sp. n.

Deep chocolate to black in colour, the keels bright yellow

toorange. Legs brown. Autenne blackish like the tergites.

Antenne slender, not elevate. A distinct vestigial sulcus

present, this bifurcating below and sending a branch to the

edge of each antennal socket.

Anterior margin of collum evenly convex between the

lateral angles. Caudal margin straight except at ends,

where the angles of the keels are very slightly prcduced.

In other tergites the angles of the keels are strongly

produced caudad. The lateral borders of the keels strongly

thickened and elevated. In the female a single small acute

lateral tooth on each keel, this usually obscure or absent in

the male. All tergites from fifth to eighteenth inclusive

with a deep transverse sulcus. Tergites showing also a

much finer median longitudinal line at right angles to the

transverse sulcus. The surface of the tergites between keels

coriariously more or less roughened ; over and adjacent to

the bases of the keels the surface weakly tubercular, the

tubercles being low and closely crowded.

Anal scutum transversely depressed near caudal end of

anterior fourth of length. Cauda moderately wide, hollowed

out beneath, with a prominent tubercle on each side of the

caudal end. Anal valves strongly margined. Anal scale

convexly rounded caudally ; the two tubercles very large.

In the telopodite of the male gonopods the two distal

branches are slender and finely acute, each towards its distal

eud bending directly mesad, and one curving about and

Ann, & Alag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 6

82 Mr. R. VY. Chamberlin on new

closely applied to the other proximad of the distal bend.

Each telopodite as a whole bowed ectad, bending in distally

to median line.

Length (female) to about 40 mm. ; width to 4°8 mm.

Localities.—Philippines : Luzon, Mt. Makiling; Las

Banos.

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4663); paratypes (Nos.

4664 & 4665).

Platyrrhacide.

Platyrrhacus simplex, sp. n.

Keels brown, with the dorsum between them black ; pro-

zonites above blackish across their caudal region, in front

and laterally brown, fulvous beneath. Anal scutum brown,

excepting at base, where black. Head brown. Legs and

antennee light brown or fulvous.

Antenne short. Head about antennal sockets and over

entire region above them finely tuberculate or granular, the

granules not crowded. Vertigial furrow present, this widest

and deepest at lower end.

Collum as wide as head, inclusive of mandibles. Widest

a little in front of middle, the lateral margin on front side

of the lateral angle convex, that behind concave, Depressed

caudad of anterior border, the latter bearing a transverse

row of large tubercles. A row of tubercles also along

caudal border. The surface in general densely granular, with

some larger scattered tubercles which are scarcely serrate.

Second tergite obviously wider than the adjacent ones, the

keels extending out beyoud and below the others. Lateral

end narrow, rounded, the margin wavy, showing three low

crenations between those at the corners. ‘The lateral margin

of third keel also with three undulations, that of fourth

one and that of immediately following ones with two more

or less clearly discernible. In the posterior region the

erenulations become more elevated and distinct, and may rise

to four or five in number. Anterior side of keels angularly

shouldered at proximal end ; edge straight or slightly con-

cave, weakly serrate, the border crossed by numerous

longitudinal sulci. Caudal margin of keels straight or

slightly concave, also obscurely toothed, the outer corner

slightly extended caudad. Dorsal surface of tergites strongly

granular out to the edges of the keels, with three rows of

tubercles, of which the caudal row is distinct at the sides,

but is across the mid-dorsal region obscure or obliterated,

while the other rows are distinct entirely across.

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 83

Anal scutum with sides parallel, caudally semicircularly

rounded, crenate; dorsal surface granular proximally.

Valves nearly flat; mesal border elevated but not sharply

set off. Scale subtrapeziform, the caudal margin slightly

convex between the tubercles. Sternites each with four low

processes, one at base of each leg.

Male gonopods beyond coxa broad, becoming flattened

distad, narrowing and then uncate, expanding into a thin

blade, which bifurcates distad into two acute short processes.

Length (male) about 32 mm.; width 6 mm.

Locality.—Borneo: Sarawak, Ladong (H. W. Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4686).

Platyrrhacus lamprus, sp. n.

This resembles in coloration the other two species of the

group ( Haplarorachia, Poc.) known from Borneo, H. everetti

and 7. hosci of Pocock, but the yellow of the keels extends

further mesad and much beyond the pore. The dorsum

elsewhere is a coffee-brown. Legs flavous or distally light

brown.

Head densely granular above ; the region below antenne

shagreened. Vertigial furrow deep.

Collum widest in front of middle. Anterior margin

straight in middle region, curving caudo-ectad at the

ends. Surface in general densely granular; the tubercles

behind anterior border small; caudal border elevated and

bearing a series of exceptionally large subconical tubercles.

The tubercles of the caudal row on the second plate also

very large, the corresponding ones of other plates becoming

smaller. The tubercles of the other two rows much smaller

and more inconspicuous. Surface densely granular to or a

little beyond base of keels, the surface of the latter being

most weakly uneven. Pores much closer to margin than

in either of the two other species mentioned, even in the

anterior region being rather less than once and a half the

diameter (inclusive of rim) from the margin and in the pos-

terior region, but the diameter from the margin. Lateral

margin of keels smooth, narrowly raised. Anterior margin

somewhat raised or thickened, the tubercles projecting so as

to produce fine serration ; caudal margin as a whole running

a little caudad of mesad, slightly concave, finely serrate, with

a larger tooth at ectal angle and a larger rounded prominence

at mesal end, this neither triangular or tooth-like.

Caudal scutum somewhat widest distally. Caudal end

with three prominent processes, a broad triangular median

84 Mr. R. V. Chamberlin on new

one and on each side of this a narrower and more acute

process.

The sternal processes erect, long, and acute.

Gonopods of male nearly as in H. hosci (Poc.).

Length (male) about 70 mm.; width 11°5 mm.

Locality.— Borneo (H. W. Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4678).

Platyrrhacus attenuatior, sp. n.

This species resembles P. vittatus (Poc.) in having a

coutinuous median longitudinal pale stripe along the

dorsum ; but the general colour is darker, chocolate to

brownish black, and the keels at their borders are paler, like

the median stripe; prozonites darker, more blackish. The

median pale stripe may be distinct only on the prozonites.

The species is characterized also in having the body

(inclusive of the keels) widest at the third or fourth

segment, from where it narrows gradually but continuously

to the caudal end. Prozonites densely, finely, and evenly

shagreened. Metazonites densely granular ; the tubercles of

the transverse rows small, those of the caudal row the most

distinct. Collum much wider than head. Head densely

granular. Vertigial furrow deep. Across lower part of

clypeus an upper transverse row of four and a lower rew of

six, and just above labral margin a row of more numerous

and smaller brushes or pencils of seta, each group arising

from a foveola. The anterior edge of the collum is mesally

straight, at the ends very slightly produced forward. Behind

the anterior row of tubercles a deep transverse furrow

widening and deepening at each end into a pit-like depression.

Anterior portion of lateral margin crenate, with three

rounded crenations inclusive of the one at the angle.

The anterior edge of the keels of the second segment is

also turned up, while the keel just behind it shows a wide

pit-lhke depression. The lateral margin of the first five

keels is laterally wavy ; on succeeding keels the elevations

become more and more pronounced and tooth-like; the teeth

in the posterior region large, triangular, mostly three in

number exclusive of those at the angles, but the number

on the fifteenth and sixteenth plates is four or five and on

the seventeenth and eighteenth five or six. Anterior

and posterior edges wholly smooth. Posterior angles not

produced into spiniform processes, though the nineteenth

keels are bent back markedly and are rounded at the caudal

ends. Anterior pore areas twice their diameter from the

East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. 85

margin, the posterior ones about their diameter from the

nearest emargination.

The anal scutum is clavately widened caudad; the caudal

margin is slightly convex, with the margin wavy, there being

six crenations with a seta borne on each.

Sternites each bearing four conical acute processes, one

mesad of the base of each leg.

Length to about 110 mm.; width to nearly 18 mm.

Locality — Borneo :, Sarawak, Ladong (H. W. Smith).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4671) ; paratype (No. 4672).

Platyrrhacus philippinorum, sp. n.

Black; the keels entirely bright yellow. Legs and

antennz brown.

Head above coarsely granular, in front and below more

finely granular, with a few hairs in clypeal region; vertigial

sulcus deep. Antenne short and thick.

Collum wider than head, flat, dorsal surface densely

granular; a little distance back of the anterior margin a

transverse row of larger smooth tubercles.

In the succeeding tergites the keels are raised a little so as

to make an angle with the adjacent surface of the dorsum

rather than continuing this outline smoothly. The lateral

margins of the keels are simply wavy, in no case serrate or

dentate; anterior and posterior margins appear finely toothed

from the presence of granules on each. Pores removed

from the lateral margin by a distance equal to the circular

area enclosing the pore. Dorsal surface in general densely

granular; a series of larger granules or tubercles, well

separated from each other, along caudal border, a second

series of somewhat smaller ones across middle, and a third

one towards the anterior border of metazonite.

In the male gonopods the telopodite curves meso-distad

beyond the median line, the principal or ventral branch then

bending ectad and then back caudad, the slender acute tip

then running first again mesad and the extreme distal end

bending next forward. The dorsal branch is a comparatively

short-pointed blade curving dorso-mesad and ending at or

near the middle line.

Length (male) about 65 mm. ; width 10 mm.

Locahty.—Philippines : Luzon, Mt. Makiling (C. /.

Baker).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 4666) ; paratype (No. 4667).

86 On new East-Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda. ©

CHILOPHUS, gen. nov.

Differentiated from Platyrrhacus and allied forms in

character of keels and sculpturing. The keels are all large

and horizontal, with margins wholly even and smooth, and

strongly though narrowly margined in front and behind

as well as laterally. On each keel from the first to the

nineteenth inclusive there is a thick strongly elevated longi-

tudinal ridge mesad from and parallel with the lateral margin.

The pores dorsal, well removed from margin, lying in the

ectal face of the ridge. The dorsal surface not granular, in

the type evenly finely shagreened over prozonite and meta-

zonite; each metazonite with three transverse rows of large

tubercular areas, the most anterior of which is a little in

front of the middle. Sternites without processes. Hairs of

clypeal region not forming pencils or fascicles. Antenne

slender, not clavate.

Genotype, C. solus, sp. n.

Chelophus solus, sp. n.

Resembling in general form the Sumatran P. laticollis.

It is a more lightly coloured species, being brown, with the

keels yellow instead of piceous or black.

Vertigial sulcus deeply impressed down to level of antennz.

Head densely finely shagreened, with traces of coarser

granulation above. Antenne reaching to fifth segment.

As in P. laticollis, the collum is much wider than the head.

It is nearly three times wider than long instead of only

twice, as it is in dadicollis. The anterior margin is mesally

slightly convex, then on each side a little incurved and

laterally again slightly convex. Caudal margin arcuate,

widest near or slightly caudad of middle; finely margined

anteriorly and laterally, and with a prominent longitudinal

ridge or elevation mesad of each lateral border. Surface

densely finely shagreened, but not granular. Along caudal

border a row of large but in part obscure tubercles.

Second and third keels bent forward a little ; other keels

straight. The margining of the caudal border of the keels

extends entirely across the tergite on most somites, though

in the median region weaker. Tubercles large, rounded,

those of most anterior row weaker and more widely

separated. Keels depressed mesad of the border ridge, and

there densely finely shagreened. The ridge curves con-

spicuously mesad about each pore. Pores removed by more

than the diameter of the ring from the margin.

On new and little-known Species of Ants. 87

Anal scutum strongly narrowed caudad, caudally convex,

with a median incision leaving a rounded lobe on each side,

just cephalad of which on each lateral margin are two large

setigerous tubercles. Anal valves with mesal borders

strongly elevated and margined. The anal scale is caudally

acute, on each side of the caudal apex a long stout subcylin-

drical tubercle exceeding the tip of the median region.

The telopodites of the gonopods of the type are broken

off and lost.

Length about 70 mm. ; width 11°6 mm.

Locality.—Zauzibar (Dr. C. Pickering).

Type, Mus. Comp. Zool. (No. 46714).

VI.— New and little-known Species of Ants from various

Localities. By W. C. Craw ey, B.A.

Subfamily I. Powzrrva, Lep.

Myrmecia rufonigra, sp. n.

% major. Length (without mandibles) 11 mm. ; length of

mandibles 2°0 mm,

Black ; mandibles dark red-brown, apical two or three

joints of funiculus dark red, the rest of antenne, the legs,

mesonotuin, epinotum, and petiole red. ‘Che mesonotum has

a dark patch on each side and the postpetiole has a dark band

round its base, projecting on the upper surface into a conical

patch extending nearly halfway across the node.

Antenne without hairs, legs with abundant fine exserted

hairs ; the whole of body with similar grey pilosity, which is

longer on the clypeus and mandibles. Gaster, second node,

and legs with a fine grey pubescence.

Mandibles as long as head, with four large teeth besides

the apical tooth, and smaller teeth between. External border

feebly concave. Head slightly broader than long, narrower

at occipital border, which is straight, not so broad in front

proportionately as in pilosula; clypeus widely emarginate.

Second joint of funiculus nearly twice as long as the first, the

remaining joints decreasing gradually till the apical. ‘The

scapes do not quite reach the occipital border. Shoulders

of pronotum evenly rounded ; meso-epinotal suture distinct ;

epinotum presenting an even curve, barely showing a base

and a declivity. First node from above nearly circular, the

88 Mr. W. C. Crawley on new and

anterior border flattened. In profile it is cubic, with a very

short peduncle bearing a sharp tooth beneath ; ‘it is slightly

higher in front, where it descends vertically to the peduncle ;

second node nearly twice as wide as first, shorter and broader

than in pilosula. Ocelli distinet.

Mandibles shining, with a few small punctures on the outer

border, and large ones along the line of the teeth. Entire

head coarsely longitudinally rugose, the rugee becoming

broken near the occiput. Pronotum with semicircular rugze,

the central ones becoming ljongitudinal. Mesonotum less

coarsely and more irregularly longitudinally rugose ; epinotum

coarsely transversely rugose ; first node with coarse irregular

rugee, second and oaster without rugee. In addition, there is

a fine reticulate ground-sculpture on the whole un

8 minor. Length (without mandibles) 9°5 mm. ; length of

mandibles 1°5 mm.

More slender than § major. Similarly coloured, but not

so bright ; the mesonotum is nearly black, and the ‘epinotum

darker than in the % major, and the black band on postpetiole

covers nearly half the node. Scapes almost reach the occipital

border. Ocelli distinct. Pilosity and pubescence similar to

that of the & major; sculpture similar, but finer.

2% B, Townsville, Queensland, July 1902 (F. P. Dodd).

Types in my collection.

Group ptlosula.—Coloured somewhat like the race medio-

rubra, For., but the scapes are shorter and the mandibles dark,

not yellow as in medwrubra. The sculpture is coarser than

in pelosula.

Rhytidoponera reticulatum, For.

¢S (hitherto undescribed). Length 7°0 mm.

Bright castaneous, shining ; nega des and teeth of mandibles

darker.

A short and fine pilosity scattered over whole body; legs

with exserted hairs, underside of scape with a row of similar

hairs, funiculi hairy, with both exserted hairs and pubescence.

Mandibles broad, with numerous small teeth. Clypeus

arched, the anterior border convex. Head narrowed behind

eyes, which are large and prominent, occupying more than

three-quarters of sides of head. Scape two-thirds as long as

second joint of funiculus, which is the longest joint. First

joint as brond as long; third, fourth, and filth subequal,

thence diminishing gradually to the apical, which is half as

long again as the penultimate.

little-known Species of Ants. 89

Promesonotum arched, metanotum very prominent. Epi-

notum feebly curved. Node from above long and narrow ;

the anterior quarter is divided from the rest by a transverse

rilge beyond which the node narrows and widens again to

the base. In profile it is low, rising to its highest point

behind, the projecting ends of the above-mentioned ridge

forming a break at the anterior quarter. Gaster deeply con-

stricted between the first and second segments.

Mandibles finely striate. Clypeus and rest of head coarsely

and irregularly longitudinally rugose. Promesonotum and

metanotum with coarse, shining, reticulate punctures, which

tend to become longitudinal in direction on the latter part of

mesonotum and on the metanotum. Sides of thorax and the

epinotum irregularly longitudinally rugose, the node slightly

roughened, gaster smooth. Coxe and femora faintly

reticulate,

Northern Territory (A//7/, no. 671).

Type in the British Museum.

The 8 8 taken with the g answer perfectly to Forel’s

description.

Leptogenys (Lobopelta) conigera, Mayr., race exigua, st. n.

%. Length 7°0 mm.

Dark brown, shining ; mandibles, antennee, promesonotal

suture, and declivity of epinotum castaneous brown ; legs

similarly coloured, but brighter, almost red; borders of

segments of easter and the apical segments castaneous brown ;

petiole less deep brown than body.

Body with a fine yellowish pilosity, thickest on gaster.

Antenne and legs pilose. Four or five extremely long hairs

on scape.

Mandibles with four teeth, one on apex, another at extreme

base, and two between, with indications of a few smaller

irregular teeth in between. A groove runs from the upper

surface of base and curves to the outer border, finishing at

apex. Hyes large, in front of middle of sides of head.

Clypeus has a high and sharp median carina ; the extreme

apex of clypeus is truncate.

Head as long as broad, broadest at base of mandibles, sides

feebly convex, occipital border slightly concave. Scape

passes the occipital border by a little more than its thickness.

Second joint of funiculus longer than first, the joints thence

diminishing until the apical. Thorax in profile slightly

depressed at mesonotum. Base of epinotum nearly twice as

90 Mr. W. C. Crawley on new and

long as declivity, the angle joining them rounded. Node

higher than epinotum and as high as base of gaster; from

above somewhat wedge-shaped, twice as wide behind as in

front ; in profile wider than high, highest posteriorly, where

it is vertical ; convex in front. There is a considerable

constriction between first and second segments of gaster.

Mandibles with both large and small scattered punctures.

Clypeus rough, with larger irregular punctures. Head with

spaced small piligerous points; thorax with similar points,

but more widely spaced ; declivity of epinotum smooth and

shining. Node and gaster with a few points.

Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (G. Hill, no. 607),

1/7/15.

Type in the British Museum.

Odontomachus ruficeps, Sm., race acutédens, For.

3 (hitherto undescribed). Length 6°5 mm.

Entirely castaneous ; funiculus brown-yellow ; wings

iridescent, tinged with yellow ; nervures brown-yellow.

A few hairs on the head, thorax, pedicel, and gaster ;

whole body (including legs and antennz) covered with a thin

pubescence.

Eyes occupy more than # of the sides of head. Antenne

similarly formed to hematoda, Ltr., and fully as long as

whole body. The two surfaces of epinotum equal, the

declivity feebly concave, the angle joining them rounded and

low. Node conical, as in hematoda. Gaster long and

curved, slightly constricted between first and second segments,

Sculpture similar to that of Aematoda, but much fainter,

and on the scutum the sculpture is transverse or, at least,

diverging from the centre line, whereas in hematoda it is

more or less longitudinal. ‘The epinotum is similarly sculp-

tured to the scutum—i. ¢., quite superficially, not coarsely

rugose as in hematoda.

@ (hitherto undescribed). Length (excluding mandibles)

10:0 mm.; length of mandibles 1°5 mm.

Except for sexual differences is very similar to the § major.

In the 8 minor (length 6°5 mm.), the spine on the node is

almost straight, but in the 8 major, and especially in the ?,

the spine has a decided backward bend.

The pronotum is transversely striate, the strie encircling

the sides and the central ones doubling back on themselves ;

the scutum is longitudinally striate, also the seutellum, but

much more finely than the scutum. Epinotum is more

little-known Species of Ants. 91

coarsely transversely striate, as in the 8, and the node has

faint striz encircling the base.

Wings are iridescent, with a yellow tinge; nervures

yellow-brown.

Koolpinyah, Northern Territory, 6/4/1915 (Hill).

Types in the British Museum.

Dr. Forel has seen specimens of the 8 %, and confirms my

identification of the subspecies.

Subfamily IIT. Myruzcrv#, Lep.

Meranoplus aureolus, sp. n.

%. Length 2°2 mm.

Head, thorax, and pedicel dark chestnut-brown ; gaster

bright orange; mandibles, legs, and antenne intermediate in

colour between head and gaster.

Mandibles 4-dentate. Anterior portion of clypeus hollowed

out, so as to form two carine at each side, ending in two

teeth at anterior border; the posterior portion flattened.

Head very slightly broader than long, broadest at occiput,

narrowed in front. Antennal scrobes extend just beyond the

eyes, which are placed well behind the middle of sides.

First joint of club of antennz equals the following two

together. Occipital border widely emarginate. Frontal

area distinct, crescent-shaped, shining.

Promesonotum broader than long; the lateral festoon is

fairly straight for the anterior two-thirds, ending in three

pointed projections, the second longest, and the third pair

encireling the node. Shoulders of pronotum with a trian-

gular projection turned forwards. Epinotum sloping, armed

with two long, narrow, pointed spines.

Node slightly broader than long, somewhat wider in front,

the anterior border rounded ; in profile the anterior border is

straight.

Gaster cordate.

Mandibles striate, clypeus with longitudinal ridges.

Head: anterior quarter with longitudinal ridges which

gradually become reticulations until when the occiput is

reached the sculpture consists of coarse reticulate punctures,

shining at the bottom.

Promesonotum sculptured similarly to the occiput, as is

also the node, but in the latter the punctures are more

elongate.

Gaster subopaque, with a fine reticulate ground-sculpture.

92 Mr. W. C. Crawley on new and

There is also a fine reticulate ground-sculpture on the head,

with the exception of the clypeus and occiput.

This strikingly coloured species was taken by Mr. Hill

(no. 604) at Koolpinyah, Northern Territory of Australia.

The nest was in a small hole on a gravel ridge, and had

neither crater nor mound,

Type in the British Museum.

Acromyrmex octospinosa, Reich., var. pallida, nov.

% major. Entirely pale yellow ; antennze deeper yellow,

teeth of mandibles dark brown or black.

8 minima. Slightly deeper in colour than the 8 major.

In both % major and minima the spines are somewhat

thinner and shorter than in the type, but otherwise, with the

exception of the colour, the new variety is similar to the type.

Issororo, British Guiana, 1918 (Bodkin, no. 422). Nest

in soil under a rock. The ants were associated with three

new species of coccid.

Types in the British Museum.

Subfamily LV. Dozrcnoprrrw2, For.

Iridomyrmex obscurus, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

8. Length 3°5 mm.

Dark brown, with a faint metallic sheen; mandibles,

clypeus, scapes, tibie, tarsi, and articulations of legs casta-

neous.

Fig. 1.

io}

Profile of thorax of Iridomyrmex obscurus, sp. n.

Clypeus, front, occiput, pronotum, node, and base of gaster

with groups of stiff hairs ; tibize with exserted hairs, antenne

with none. Whole body covered with a fine cinereous

pubescence.

Head longer than broad, wider behind than in front, widest

at level of eyes, which are placed just behind the middle of

little-known Species of Ants. 93

sides and are large and flat; occipital border widely and

feebly concave.

Mandibles long, with seven large teeth, followed by a few

minute ones along the first half of terminal border. Ante-

rior border of clypeus sinuate. Antenne rather short, the

first joint of scape slightly longer than the following one, the

remaining joints gradually diminishing to the apex. Scapes

pass the occiput by a little more than their width.

Promesonotum in profile evenly arched, with hardly any

break between the two segments. Mesoepinotal incision

deep, the epinotum evenly rounded, the declivity longer than

the base (v. fig. 1). Node squamiform.

Mandibles shining and closely punctured. Whole body

covered with a fine reticulation, hidden under the pubescence

except under a high power.

Koolpinyah, Noithern Territory, Australia (Hill, nos. 662

and 663). Taken in company with Membracids on Eucalyp-

tus, and also on cooked meat at a native camp.

Type in the British Museum,

This species does not appear to correspond with any

published description,

Subfamily V. Campownorrv az, For.

Rhizomyrma marshalli, sp.n. (Figs. 2 & 2a.)

8. Length 2°0'mm.

Pale yellow, like a small 8 of Lasius flavus. Some

specimens are slightly darker.

A few long yellow hairs on clypeus, a cluster on posterior

portion of pronotum, some shorter ones on mesonotum and

base of epinotum and on the edges of the segments of gaster.

Head, antenuz, legs, and gaster covered with a fairly dense

whitish pubescence.

Head very short, broader than long, broadest at base of

mandibles, the anterior third of sides fairly straight, thence

gradually narrowing and forming rounded angles behind ;

occipital border feebly concave. Mandibles with three fairly

large teeth. Anterior border of clypeus fecbly sinuate.

Frontal area distinct, triangular. LEyes situate at anterior

third of sides of head, consisting of two to four minute omma-

tidia,. Antenne 10- or 11-jointed; the second joint of

funiculus is not a complete joint, being divided on one side

only—the outer,—and incapable of flexion; the first joint of

funiculus longer than broad, the second so-called joint small,

94 Mr. W. C. Crawley on new and

as long as broad, joints 8-7 broader than long, the length ot

all about equal, the breadth increasing with each joint, the

eighth and ninth barely broader than long, and the ter minal

joint equalling the four preceding ones. "The scapes reach

the occipital border.

Thorax somewhat similar to the description of goeldz, For.,

but broadest at pronotum, which is broader than long.

Epinotum broader than long, in profile as high as mesonotum,

the base rounded, the declivity teebly concave, much longer

than base.

Scale seen from front, flat, straight along the top, the sides

sloping outwards slightly from the superior border, becoming

broadest in the middle of the sides, thence narrowing to the

base. Legs short and stout, gaster large and oval.

Mandibles smooth and shining ; head subopaque, finely

shagreened; thorax and gaster similarly shagreened, but

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.—Head of Rhizomyrma marshall.

Fig. 2a.—Funiculus of antenna of Rhizomyrma marshalli.

more shining. Declivity of epinotum very smooth and

shining.

Barbadoes, 1914 (J. R. Bovell, no. 346). In soil round a

sugar-cane root.

I have named this species after my friend Dr. Guy

Marshall, through whom the ant came into my hands.

This genus, originally founded by Forel (Tr. Ent. Soe.

Lond. lv. 1893, p. 347) as a subgenus of Acropyga, appears

hitherto to have been unrepresented in British collections.

Professor Emery, who kindly examined a cotype for me,

points out that the head is much shorter in this species than

in the other American species of which the % is known.

Several species of this genus have antenne whose joints vary

in number ; but not having had an opportunity of examining

inany other species, I am unable to say Whether the str ucture

of the second joint of the funiculus is unique in marshalli.

little-known Species of Ants. 95

It exists in all the specimens of the new species that [ have

examined (viz. twenty-two), and can readily be seen under a

fairly high power of the porro-prism binocular, but is much

clearer when the funiculus is mounted in Canada balsam.

Type in the British Museum.

Camponotus (Myrmotrema) troglodytes, For.,

race assumptionis, st. nov.

8% major. Length 7-0-8:°5 mm.

Dark red ; gaster brown, the first segment often reddish ;

borders of segments testaceous.

Head broader than long, widest at upper border of eyes,

narrowing rapidly in front of eyes, which are placed less than

tlie length of an eye from the occipital border. Posterior

half of clypeus raised, anterior half depressed, the anterior

border widely and teebly emarginate, with serrate edge.

Mandibles 5-toothed. Scapes extend about one-quarter of

their length beyond the ozcipital border, which is feebly

concave.

Thorax: line of back unbroken, as in troglodytes. Declivity

of epinotum longer than the base, with which it forms a

rounded angle ; itis slightly concave at base and not bordered.

‘The angle between the two faces greater than a right angle.

Dull; gaster somewhat shining. Whole body with a

fine reticulate ground-sculpture, finest on gaster. Mandibles

with close clean-cut punctures, small ; clypeus with irregular

larger ones. Rest of head with irregular shallow punctures,

as in foraminosus, which tend to disappear at the occiput.

Thorax has only a few faint punctures here and there.

Pilosity : head and thorax bear a few stiff yellowish hairs ;

declivity of epinotum edged with six to eight long, stiff,

white bristles ; scale and borders of segments of gaster edged

with similar white bristles, which on the gaster are often

yellowish. In addition the body is scattered with fine golden

adpressed hairs, which on the gaster are sufficiently numerous

to give it a golden sheen. Legs and scapes without erect

hairs.

8% minor. Length 5°3 mm.

Altogether paler, head narrower, scapes passing the occiput

by nearly half their length ; fall of declivity of epinotum less

abrupt. Otherwise like % major. .

Assumption Islands (Aldabra), 1916 (P. &. Dupont,

no. 322).

I originally described this ant as a race of foraminosus,

For., but Santschi considers it a race of troglodytes (which I

96 Mr. W. C. Crawley on new and

have not had an opportunity of seeing), and I therefore

follow his opinion. From the description of troglodytes the

new race would appear to differ from the type in the % major

by the form of the head, which is broader than long (as

broad behind as long in treg/ody'es), by the greater length of

the scapes, the shape of the epinvtum, the pilosity, and colour.

Santschi tells me that assumptionis has the colour of the

var. rhodesiana, For., but the latter has a slight metanotal

incision, whereas the back of assumptionis is unbroken.

Types in the British Museum.

Camponotus (Myrmosphincta) suffusus, Sm.,

subsp. bendigensis, For.

3 (hitherto undescribed). Length 8:5 mm.

Dark brown ; first four joints of funiculus dark brown,

the remainder yellow ; apical borders of segments of gaster

testaceous.

Terminal border of mandibles edentate, incised in centre.

Second joint of funiculus longer than the first, the remainder

gradually decreasing in length till the apical, which is slightly

longer than the penultimate. Eyes occupy one-third of sides

of head. Anterior border of clypeus convex. Frontal groove

deeply impressed, reaching the anterior ocellus. Scale low

and broad, flattened and oblique in front. Wings clear.

Dull; whole body with a fine reticulate ground-sculpture.

Pilosity sparse ; a few stiff hairs on scutellum and apical

segments of gaster, none on antennze or legs. Pubescence

almost nil.

Sidney, New South Wales (A. H/. Arnold), 1913.

Type in my collection.

Polyrhachis queenslandica, Km., 3 3 &.

Polyrhachis delicata, Crawley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) xv. 1915,

p. 238.

? (hitherto undescribed). Length 8°0 mm.

Dark reddish brown; mandibles, anterior half of clypeus,

frontal area, and space between the bases of antenne red;

remainder of head blackish brown; centre of scutum, the

scutellum, and bases of segments of gaster brown, the rest of

thorax red ; apical six joints and the apices of the remaining

joints of funiculus reddish yellow ; the rest brown, also the

scape with the exception of the apex and base. Nervures

and stigma brownish yellow.

little-known Species of Ants. OF

Head and thorax as in 8 with sexual differences. Spines

of epinotum and scale somewhat shorter and blunter,

Dull, gaster shining. Sculpture somewhat coarser than in

8%, assuming on the dorsum of thorax a tendency to run in a

longitudinal direction.

A few hairs on head, thorax, and gaster, asin 8. A thin

grey pubescence on gaster.

S (hitherto undescribed), Length 5°5 mm.

Uniform dark castaneous brown; mandibles, clypeus,

antennee, and legs yellow.

Eyes very prominent, occupying one-half the sides of head.

First joint of funiculus somewhat gibbous. Scale low,

broad, and rounded in protile. Body with a fine superficial

ground-sculpture.

Daiwin, Northern Territory, Australia (Ail).

Types in the British Museum.

After comparison with a cotype, which the author kindly

sent me, there is no doubt that the insect described by me in

1915 as P. delivata is none other than H.nery’s species.

Mr. Hill found a nest of these ants, which is made of a

fragile carton between two leaves fastened together. The

whole nest is not more than 4 inches square and about # inch

in the deepest part.

Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) micans, Mayr., race ops, Forel,

var. rufa, nov.

%. Differs from micans in colour, which is black, with the

mandibles, clypeus, frontal area, anterior portion of frontal

caringe, cheeks at base of mandibles, antenna, legs, scale, and

easter light red. The upper portion of the declivity of

epinotum below the teeth and the teeth themselves are red,

but not so bright as the other red portions.

Thorax formed like that of the race ops—i. e., narrower

than in micans; the anterior border of clypeus not so deeply

concave and the teeth not so prominent as in mdcans. ‘The

teeth on epinotum much shorter and blunter than in micans,

and the inner spines on the scale are somewhat shorter and

more parallel, while the lateral spines are reduced to mere

triangular teeth.

This variety would appear to differ from the var. dentinasis

recently described by Santschi by its red colour and the even

greater diminution of the lateral spines of the scale.

Townsville, Queensland, 1902 (F. P. Dodd).

‘T'ype in my collection ; cotypes in British Museum.

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 7

98 Dr. CO. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

VIl.—Undescribed Species of African Crane-flies in the

Collection of the British Museum (Natural History) :

Tipulide, Diptera.—Part II. Subfamily Tipuline. By

Cuarues P. Auexanper, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

THE present paper is a continuation of the first part under

this title, dealing with the Limnohiine forms in the collection

of the British Museum. In this instalment the species of

the Tipuline genus Nephrotoma (Pachyrrhina) are considered.

The holotypes of all the species are contained in the

collection of the British Museum (Natural History).

Nephrotoma chetopyga, sp. u.

Antenne of the male elongated, flagellum dark brown ;

head orange, the occipital mark very indistinct ; mesonotal

prescutum shiny black, the humeral angles yellowish ;

scutum and scutellum black ; postnotum largely yellow;

pleura black with a large yellow area before the halteres ;

wings strongly suffused with yellowish ; apices of cells R;

and M, with macrotrichiz ; abdomen black, segments two

to five dull reddish basally ; eighth sternite of the male

hypopygium rather extensive, the median area clothed with

conspicuous curved bristles.

Male.—Length about 13 mm. ; wing 15°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow, the dorso-median

area dark brown ; palpi dark brownish black. Antenne

with the first scapal segment orange; second segment

orange-brown ; flagellum dark brown ; antenne elongated,

if bent backward extending slightly beyond the base of the

abdomen. Head orange; occipital mark very indistinct,

not shiny, pale brown.

Pronotum black, behind narrowly paler. Mesonotal pre-

scutum shiny black with only the humeral angles obscure

yellow; scutum and scutellum shiny black; postnotum

with the median sclerite light yellow, the caudal margin

narrowly infuscated ; lateral sclerites yellow, the dorsal-

posterior third brownish black. Pleura black, the dorso-

pleural membrane obscure yellow; a large, light yellow

area before the halteres, including the mesepimeron and the

lateral sclerites of the postnotum as described above.

Sternum black. Halteres brown, the base of the stem and

the apex of the knob yellow. Legs with the coxz black ;

trochanters conspicuously reddish yellow, the remainder of

in the British Museum. 99

the legs broken. Wings with a strong brownish-yellow

tinge, cells C and Sc more saturated ; stigma oval, dark

brown ; obliterative areas before the stigma and across the

inner end of cell Is¢ M4, ; veins dark brown; apices of cells

R; and M, with macrotrichiz. Venation : (ts nearly straight,

a little shorter than R,,3; cell J/; narrowly sessile ; fusion

of M and Cu, about equal to that section of M beyond it.

Abdominal segment one black ; two to five dull red, the

caudal and lateral margins broadly black; six to nine

entirely black ; outer pleural appendage obscure yellow.

Ninth tergite entirely b'ack, with a deep, U-shaped median

notch, the lobes thus formed oblique, terminating in a large

apical point, the margin provided with numerous blackened

denticles. Onter pleural appendage long and _ narrow,

gradually tapering to the subacute apex. Penis-guard

straight, moderately broad at the base, subtended on either

side by a slightly longer, slender, flattened apophyse.

Kighth sternite rather extensive, the apex broadly emar-

ginate, the caudal angles conspicuously fringed with long,

coarse, curved bristles that are directed proximad, the base

of the notch with more delicate, long, yellowish bristles.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, 3, Gelegele River, June 1913 (A. O. Luckman),

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1917.

33.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma albonigra, sp. 0.

General coloration black ; head deep orange; humeral

angles of preescutum, cephalic portion oi postnotum, and

a large area on the pleura before the halteres yellowish ;

halteres uniformly dark brown; wings brown, the costal

region more suffused ; macrotrichiz in the apex of the cell

R; generally numerous; abdomen entirely black, the basal

half of the segments more blue-black, the caudal half

velvety black ; male hypopygium with the eighth sternite

entire, the margin not conspicuously hairy.

Male.—Length 12°4 mm.; wing 13 mm. ; antenne about

7 mm.

Female.—Length about 16 mm.; wing 13°8 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head short, light yellow, the nasus

and a spot surrounding its base dark brown ; palpi black,

the base of the first segment paler. Antenne rather long,

100 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

in the male sex, if bent backward, extending to beyond the

base of the third abdominal segment; first scapal segment

obscure yellowish brown ; remainder of the antennze black ;

flagellar segments densely covered with a short, erect, white

pubescence. Head deep orange; a rich reddish-brown spot

adjoining the inner margin of the eye; occipital mark

indistinct.

Pronotum velvety black, the lateral portions of the scu-

tellum more yellowish ; in the female, the median area of

the scutum is broadly orange. Mesonotum shiny blue-black,

only the extreme humeral angles of the przscutum obscure

yellow ; median sclerite of the postnotum with only the

extreme cephalic (dorsal) margin indistinctly brighter in

the male, tis sclerite largely orange-yellow in the female ;

lateral sclerites of the postpotum with an extensive yel-

lowish-white area, which also includes the mesepimera of the

pleura. Pleura black with the yellowish area before the

halteres just described ; dorso-pleural membrane obscure

yellow. . Halteres black. Legs with the cox and tro-

chanters black ; remainder of the legs black, the bases of

the femora indistinctly pale brownish. Wings with a strong

brownish tinge, cell C more saturated, cell Sc dark brown ;

stigma oval, dark brown, the proximal end sparsely hairy,

there being about fifteen macrotrichie, all lying proximad

of » ; a brown seam along the deflection of R,,; and r-m ;

wing-apex slightly darkened ; a brown seam occupying the

space between Cu and the abortive vein immediately behind

it ; veins brownish black ; usually a large number (30-35)

of macrotrichiz in the end of cell R;, this number rarely

reduced. Venation: Rs rather short, about as long as the

deflection of R,,; and r—m taken together ; cell M, short-

petiolate or narrowly sessile; fusion of J/; and Cu, slight,

about equal to M beyond this fusion.

Abdomen black, the caudal half of the segments velvety

black, the basal half more blue-black ; appendages of the

male hypopygium dull yellow. Male hypopygium with

the ninth tergite with the median area produced caudad and

with a deep, U-shaped, median notch, the caudal margin of

the lobes thus formed more transverse than in N. chetopyga,

the lateral angles conspicuous, the proximal! margins with

numerous spinous tubercles. Pleural appendages small, the

outer appendage narrowed at the base, thence suddenly

enlarged and tapering rapidly into the long slender apex ;

inner pleural appendage flattened, the cephalic margin

heavily blackened and with one conspicuous tooth. Ninth

in the British Museum. 101

sternite with a deep median notch. EHighth sternite with-

out a median emargination and long bristles as in N. che-

topyga. The female has the valves of the ovipositor dark

chestnut-brown.:

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 3, Western iets: altitude 4500-5000 feet,

October 10-14, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology,

1915. 57.

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratopotype, 3 » paratypes, 2 2’s, West Shores of Vic-

toria Nyanza, Buddu, altitude 3700 feet, September 19-25,

1911 (S. A. Neave) ; a broken 2, Northern Buddu, altitude

3800 feet, September 16-18, 1911 (S.A. Neave); 3, Mabira

Forest, Chagwe, altitude 3500-3800 feet, July 16-25, 1911

(S. A. Neave); 2, Daro or Durro Forest, Toro, altitude

4000-4500 feet, October 25-29, 1911 (S. A. Neave); 9,

Tero Forest, July 9, 1912 (C. C. Gowdey).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The paratype females show more yellow at the humeral

angles, this encroaching conspicuously upon the pleural

region. With more material, these may be found to re-

present a distinct species.

Nephrotoma chalybea, sp. n.

General coloration black; head deep orange; humeral

angles of preescutum broadly yellow; cephalic half of post-

notum and extensive areas on the pleura yellow ; postnotum

and scutellum clothed with short, conspicuous, black hairs ;

halteres with the knobs yellow apically ; tibize conspicuously

paler than the femora ; wings yellowish brown, the costal

margin slightly darker ; macrotrichiz in the apex of cell R;

reduced to one or two or lacking; abdomen shiny blue-

black, the caudal margins of the segments velvety black ;

tergites one to four with a conspicuous reddish mark on

the sides at the base; male hypopygium with the eighth

sternite entire, not conspicuously hairy.

Male.—Length 14:2 mm.; wing 146 mm.; antenne

about 6 mm,

Female—Uength 18-185 mm.; wing 15:4-15°6 mm.;

abdomen alone about 13°8-14 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow, the dorsum and

nasus conspicuously liver-coloured ; mouth-parts pale flesh-

coloured ; palpi brown, paler basally. Antenne moderately

102 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

long, less elongate than in N, albonigra; first scapal seg-

ment obscure orange; second segment light brown;

Hagellum black, the basal enlargement about one-half the

remainder of the segment. Head fiery orange ; a brown

spot on the vertex adjoining the inner margin of the eye;

occipital mark rather small, dark brown.

Prothorax shiny black, indistinctly paler medially. Meso-

notal prescutum with the black stripes entirely confluent,

except in the female where the interspaces are barely

indicated behind ; humeral angles light yellow, concolorous

with the dorso-pleural membrane ; scufum and scutellum

shiny black, the median line of the former and the extreme

base of the latter obscure yellow ; median sclerite of post-

notum with the cephalic half light yellow, the caudal half

black, the postnotum and scutellum densely and con-

spicuously clothed with short, dark-coloured hairs ; lateral

sclerites of postnotum black with a large yellow area in front

of the halteres, this also including the mesepimera of the

pleura. Pleura black, the dorso-pleural membrane and a

large area in front of the halteres as discussed above, light

yellow; the margin of the mesosternum between the mid-

and hind coxe likewise light yellow ; margin of the meso-

sternum between the fore and mid coxe more obscure

yellow. Halteres black, the knobs conspicuously light

yellow. Legs with the coxz black, sparsely pruinose; tro-

chanters brown, the fore trochanters more reddish brown ;

femora black, the bases narrowly and indistiictly paler ;

tibi rather light brown, the tips blackened ; tarsi black.

Wings with a strong yellowish-brown tinge, the costal cell

slightly darker, cell Sc dark brown; wing-tip very indis-

tinctly darker ; veins dark brownish black ; macrotrichiv

in the apex of cell /?; reduced to but one or two, or lacking ;

stigma more densely hairy than in N. a/bonigra, there being

from twenty to twenty-five macrotrichiz proximad of 7 ;

Venation: Rs short, but little longer than the deflection of

R,,5; cell M, broadly sessile ; fusion of M; and Cu, slight,

about equal to M beyond it.

Abdomen shiny blue-black, the candal margins of the

segments narrowly but conspicuously velvety black ; tergites

one to four with a conspicuous reddish area on the sides

near the base ; hypopygium dark, the outer pleural append-

age light yellow. In the female, seguents eight and nine

are rich reddish orange, the valves similar but more blackish

basally. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite extensive,

the caudal margin with a conspicuous V-shaped depression,

in the British Museum. 103

the point with a median split that extends to the eighth

tergite ; a small U-shaped median notch with nearly parallel

sides, the lateral lobes thus formed covered with abundant

blackened setigerous tubercles ; viewed from the side, the

outermost lobes are seen to bear on their caudal face a

slender blackened arm, whose ventral proximal face is

serrated. Outer pleural appendage very slender, broadest

just beyond the base, tapering to a long point. Gona-

pophyses flattened, widened distally. Ninth sternite with

a nearly square median notch, the median area cephalad

of this notch weakly membrauaceous. Lighth sternite

unarmed.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 3, Daro or Durro Forest, Toro, altitude 4000-

4500 feet, October 25-29, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratype, 2 , Mabira Forest, Chagwe, altitude 3500-3800

feet, July 16-25, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Presented by the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 1913.

140, 1915:.57.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History). ;

A female from Northern Buddu, altitude 3800 feet,

September 16-18, 1911 (S. A. Neave), and two females from

between the Seziwa River and Kampala, altitude 3500-3750

feet, August 27-31, 1911 (S. A. Neave), differ from the

types above described in a few respects, but probably belong

to this species (labelled N. chalydea, variety).

Nephrotoma fumidapicalis, sp. n.

Allied to N. mossambica ; general coloration’ orange-

yellow ; mesonotal prescutum and scutum with a single

large shiny black area ; postnotum and scutellum provided

with numerous short black hairs; legs black, the femoral

bases broadly yellowish; wings smoky brown, the apex

distinctly darker ; abdomen orange-yellow, segments two to

five with the caudal and lateral margins broadly black, seg-

ments six to nine black.

Male.—Length 11°5-12°5 mm.; wing 12-13 mm. ; an-

tennee about 7°] mm.

Female.—Length 15-17 mm.; wing 13°3-15 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head yellow, the dorsum slightly

more reddish, shiny ; nasus tipped with long black bristles ;

mouth-parts and palpi reddish yellow. Antenne of the

104 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

male elongate, if bent backward extending to the end of

the third abdominal segment ; distal segments long, the

basal enlargement only about one-third the remainder of

the segment. Head rich orange without darker markings.

Prothorax orange-yellow. Mesonotal prascutum shiny

obscure yellow, the three black stripes entirely confluent,

only the humeral region and a small spot behind the out-

curved ends of the lateral stripes being of the ground-colour ;

scutum with the lobes shiny black, confluent with the area

on the preescutum, median area of the scutum yellow;

scutellum yellowish testaceous ; postnotum yellow, the

surface of this sclerite and the scutellum densely covered

with comparatively short black hairs. Pleura reddish yellow,

sparsely variegated with whitish before the stigma and on

the mesosternum. Halteres obscure brownish yellow, the

stem before the knob slightly infuscated, the knobs usually

brighter yellow. Legs with the cox and trochanters shiny

orange-yellow ; femora black, the bases broadly yellowish ;

tibiz and tarsi black. Wings with a smoky-brown tinge,

most distinct apically in cells R, to M,; cell C light

brown, Se darker brown ; a brown seam between Cu and

the abortive vein immediately behind it ; stigma oval, dark

brown, the proximal end with about eighteen macrotrichie ;

veirs dark brown ; macrotrichize in the apex of cell R,

variable in number, ranging from few to several. Venation:

vein R, indistinct, evidently in process of atrophy, with but

one or two macrotrichiz and these close to 7; Js nearly as

long as the deflection of A,,; plus 7m ; cell MZ, broadly

sessile ; fusion of WM; and Cu, longer than M beyond it.

Abdomen orange-yellow, tergites two to five with the

caudal margin deep black, the coloration continued for some

distance ce; halad along the lateral margins of the segments ;

remainder of the abdomen black excepting the pleural

appendages which are pale; in the female, segments two to

six are margined caudally and laterally with black ; in some

specimens of the series, the caudal band is reduced to a large

median area, but the lateral stripe persists in all cases.

Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite comparatively

narrow, the caudal margin but little produced, the two sub-

median lobes lying im a shield-shaped caudal depression,

separated from one another by a very deep median notch,

their proximal angles nearly contiguous, their apices pro-

vided with numerous blackened spicules ; dorsal surface of

the tergite moderately convex. Outer pleural appendage

light yellow, long and narrow, broadest just beyond the

in the British Museum. 105

narrow base, thence tapering gradually to the narrow apex ;

inner pleural appendage a flattened blade, the posterior

outer angle near the base with a long, needle-like, blackened

spine. Ninth sternite with a broadly rectangular median

notch, the base convexly rounded. Eighth sternite with the

posterior margin pale, provided with a long, slender, finger-

like median lobe that is directed ventrad and caudad and is

slightly enlarged distally, covered with a pale, silken,

appressed pubescence.

Hab. Nyasaland, Southern Rhodesia.

Holotype, 3, Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, altitude 2500 feet,

April 26, 1910 (S. 4. Neave). No. 1919. 174.

Allotopotype, °, April 30, 1910.

Paratopotypes, 2 3’s, 3 2’s, April 26, 1910; 8 9’s,

April 28, 1910; 1 2, May 4, 1910; 1 ?, December 28,

1912 (no. 1918. 236) ; 1g, January—February, 1914 (J. B.

Davey) (no. 1915. 58).

Paratypes, 8 ¢, Mt. Chirinda, Southern Rhodesia, alti-

tude 3800 feet, June 8, 1911 (C. F. M. Swynnerton) (no.

1912. 145).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The nearest described relative of the present species would

seem to be N. mossambica, Alexander, a larger fly with the

details of coloration distinct, the scutellum and postnotum

but sparsely hairy, and with the hypopygium differently

constructed.

Nephrotoma fumidapicalis ampla, subsp. n.

Female.—Length 14°3-19 mm.; wing 13°8-16 mm.

Close to typical fumidapicalis, Alexander (Mt. Mlanje,

altitude 2500 feet), differing as follows:—

Wings with a strong yellowish tinge, the apex not strongly

darkened ; subcostal cell more yellowish ; a dusky cloud

along the cord. Postnotum subglabrous. Abdomen orange-

yellow, the lateral margins broadly blackened, the first

tergite black ; tergites two to five with a blackish triangle

at the posterior margin, this not connected with the lateral

margins ; apical half of tergite six and all of tergite seven

black ; tergite eight yellow ; tergite nine and the ovipositor

horu-coloured.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 2? , Mt. Mlanje, altitude 6500 feet, May 1, 1910

(S. 4. Neave). B.M. no. 1919. 174.

106 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

Paratopotype, 2.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma fuscipennis pronotalis, subsp. n.

Male.—Length 10°5 mm. ; wing 9°8 mm.

Female.—Length 12 mm.; wing 11 mm.

Close to typical fuscipennis, Karsch (Portuguese West

Africa), differing as follows :—

General coloration not blue-black, but of an intense coal-

black. Occipital mark small but indicated in the type; no

longitudinal black stripe on the frontal prolongation of the

head ; nasus black. Antenne with only the first segment

reddish. Pronotum with the dorso-median area fiery orange

in both sexes. Mesonotum black, the humeral angles con-

spicuously obscure yellow. Wings without whitish markings

in the cells. Legs with the basal fifth of the fore femora

conspicuously yellowish. The third abdominal segment has

only the extreme base orange-yellow. The hypopygium is

conspicuously orange-yellow, including the appendages.

The hypopygium is of the general type of structure of

N. tincta, et al., the caudal margin of the eighth sternite

with a median, flattened, pale lobe.

The allotype female is similar, but has the humeral angles

of the preescutum even more broadly yellow ; abdomen with

the extreme base of the fourth abdominal segment yellowish

on the sides.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 3, North Ruwenzori, altitude 6000-8500 feet,

November 1-2, 1911 (8. A. Neave).

Allotype, ° , Ankole-Toro Border, east of Lake George,

altitude 4500 feet, October 20-21, 1911 (S. A. Neave).

Paratype, sex? (abdomen broken), Kampala, November

4, 1916 (1262); ¢, Kambove, Katanga, altitude 4000-5000

feet, June 11, 1904 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1907. 230.

'l'ype in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The paratypical specimens may not belong to this species,

as the occipital mark is very much more evident, deep

chestnut-brown and shiny, and the second to fourth abdo-

minal segments are almost entirely uniform orange-yellow,

somewhat as in WN. tincta (Walk.).

in the British Museum. 107

Nephrotoma fuscipennis triflava, subsp. n.

Male.—Length 11 mm. ; wing 9°8-10°4 mm.

Female.—Length 15°5 mm. ; wing 13°6 mm.

Close to typical fuscipennis, Karsch (Portuguese West

Africa), differing as follows :—

Second segment of the antenna dark brown ; in ig

allotype female the entire scape is dark. Occiput with a

conspicuous black triangular mark. Mesonotal postnotum

light yellow with two large, rounded, black spots. Wings

dusky black, the apices indistinctly paler. Abdomen with

the first segment black ; second to fourth segments yellow,

the apices narrowly black, broadest on the fourth segment ;

remainder of the abdomen jet-black with the exception of

the slender outer pleural appendages of the male which are

obscure yellow.

The female is referred to this species with considerable

doubt. The head is largely jet-black, the vertex and part

of the front orange-yellow. Lateral margins of the meso-

notal prescutum very narrowly light yellow. Bases of the

femora more extensively paler. The extreme basal lateral

angles of the fifth abdominal segment are indistinctly red-

dish. The tergite of the genital segment obscure reddish.

Two other specimens in poor condition (Lagari, British

Kast Africa, March 1-May 21, 1900; May 26, 1901, C. S.

Betton) may pertain to this race.

Hab, Kast Africa.

Holotype, 8, Ex-German East Africa, Usangu District,

altitude 3500-4500 feet, November 29—December 15, 1910

(S. A. Neave).

Allotype, 2, Five to seven miles into the Kenia Forest,

near the Luchi River, February 9-10, 1911 (7. J. Anderson).

Paratopotype, 3 ; paratype, 8, Kampala, Uganda, April

1-6, 1919 (C. C. Gowdey).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History). ;

Nephrotoma quincune edita, susp. n.

Male.—Length 1] mm.; wing 12 mm.

Female.—Length 14 mm.; wing 12°2 mm.

Close to typical qguincunx Speiser (Hast Africa), differing

as follows :—

Size smaller. Head with the front and vertex pale orange-

yellow with a very large, black, occipital mark, the yellow

108 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

pattern ending abruptly opposite the posterior margin of the

eye. Frontal prolongation and ventral surface of the head

black. The median sclerite of the mesonotal postnotum has

at least the anterior two-thirds light yellow. Halteres light

brown, the knobs yellow. Femora black with only the bases

yellow, those of the fore legs including about one-third of

the segment, the hind legs including approximately one-

half the segment. Abdomen with segments one and five to

nine black, segments two to four and the extreme base of

tergite five uniformly orange, immaculate. In the female

the ninth segment is orange, the valves of the ovipositor

bright horn-colour.

Hab. Uganda.

Holotype, 3 , Mt. Kokanjero, south-west of Elgon, altitude

6400 feet, August 9,1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 19138.

140.

Allotopotype, ? .

Paratopotypes, 2 3’s,1 @.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma ochripennis, sp. n.

Antenna with the first scapal segment orange; head

orange-yellow, the occipital mark elongate, black ; meso-

notum yellow, the prescutum with three broad black stripes ;

pleura spotted with brownish black ; halteres with the knobs

yellow; wings light yellow, the costal and subcostal cells

more saturated ; abdomen reddish, with a broad black sub-

terminal ring ; tergites two to five with a black triangle at

the caudal margin.

Male —Length 11 mm.; wing 12 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head very short, light yellow,

blackish above ; palpi dark brown, Antenne with the first

segment orange ; second segment reddish brown ; flagellum

black. Head orange-yellow, clearer yellow anteriorly ; occi-

pital mark elongate-triangular, black, very conspicuous.

Pronotum light yellow, the sides with a linear black mark.

Mesonotal prescutum yellow with three broad black stripes

that are approximated but not confluent behind; lateral

stripes bent outward to the margin ; scutum with the lobes

black, the median area conspicuously light yellow ; scutellum

brownish testaceous ; postnotum clear yellow, the posterior

margin narrowly darkened ; between the median and lateral

sclerites an intense black U-shaped mark. Pleura yellow;

in the British Museum. 109

a large dark brown spot on the mesepisternum and a smaller,

almost confluent, mark on the mesepimeron beneath the

wing-root. Sternum with a large rounded black spot on

the sides between the fore and middke cox. Halteres light

brown, the knobs conspicuously light yellow. Legs with

the cox reddish, the bases of the fore and hind cox

blackened ; trochanters reddish ; femora obscure reddish,

the tips broadly dark brown, broadest on the fore legs where

they cover about the distal third, narrowest on the hind legs ;

tibize light brown, the tips narrowly dark brown ; tarsi dark

brown. Wings light ochreous yellow, the costal and sub-

costal cells brighter ; stigma oval, dark brown ; wing-apex

narrowly darkened ; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs a

little longer than the deflection of R,,;; cell MM, broadly

sessile ; m-—cu punctiform, inserted just before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites reddish, the lateral margins narrowly

blackened ; tergite one black medially ; tergite two with

a small spot near mid-length ; caudal margin of segments

two to five with a conspicuous triangular black mark ; seg-

ment six black with only a small, basal, sublateral, reddish

area ; segments seven and eight black ; hypopygium reddish

yellow ; sternites reddish yellow, segments six to eight

largely black. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite

haying a narrow median notch, the lateral lobes thus formed

very obtusely truncated, the margins provided only with

a short pale pubescence; outer pleural appendage rather

broad, the apex suddenly narrowed.

Hab. British East Africa.

Holotype, & , foot of Kikuyu Escarpment, altitude 7300

feet, March 3, 1911 (S. A. Neave). B.M. no. 1912. 70.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

In its general appearance, the yellow-knobbed halteres,

and other features, Nephrotoma ochripennis bears a consider-

able resemblance to N. mossambica, Alexander (South-eastern

Rhodesia), which is a larger species with the apices of the

Wings pubescent and with the details of coloration different.

Nephrotoma chapini pattersoni, subsp. n.

Male.—Length 11°5 mm. ; wing 11°8 mm.

Close to typical chapini, Alexander (Belgian Congo),

differing as follows :—

Occiput with a brown triangular area. Antenne rather

elongate for an Ethiopian species of this genus, Stripes on

110 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

the mesonotal preescutum entirely confluent behind, the

ground-colour restricted to yellowish areas at the humeral

angles ; scutellum dusky, the lateral sclerites darker.

Wings with a dusky brown tinge, the costal cell pale brown,

the subcostal cell dark brown; veins dark brown. Veuation:

cell lst M, small; fusion of Cu, and M rather extensive,

Cu, breaking away a short distance before the fork of M.

Abdomen with the first segment black ; second segment

orange-yellow with nearly the distal half black ; segment

three black with only the basal third obscure orange-yellow ;

segments four and five reddish yellow, the margins narrowly

blackened ; segments six to eight black, the hypopygium

obscure reddish chestnut ; ninth tergite darker laterally.

Lateral lobes of the tergite provided with conspicuous black

tubercles along the outer margin.

Hab. Gold Coast.

Holotype, g, Aburi, 1912-1913 (W. H. Patterson).

Paratopotype, 3, teneral.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma leonia, sp. n.

Antenne with the scape orange; flagellar segments

moderately elongated ; head orange, the occipital mark

small, indistinct ; mesonotum yellow, the prescutum with

three conspicuous black stripes ; scutum almost entirely

black ; pleura whitish with a very couspicuous black area

on the mesepisternum ; halteres dark brown ; wings grey-

ish, cell Se brown ; macrotrichiz in the end of cell &;;

abdomen orange, the tergites ringed caudally with black ;

hypopygium orange.

Male.—Length 10 mm. ; wing 10 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head shiny yellow, nasus

distinct ; palpi dark brown, paler at the base. Antenne

with the scapal segments orange, the flagellum dark brown-

ish black ; flagellar segments only moderately elongated.

Head orange ; ; occipital mark small, oval, rather indistinct ;

vertical tubercle entire.

Pronotum light yellow, the sides scarcely darker. Meso-

notal preescutum yellow with three conspicuous black stripes,

the lateral stripes strongly outcurved to the dorso-pleural

membrane; scutum shiny black, only a small median area

immediately behind the suture paler ; scutellum brown, the

sides black ; postnotum pale yellow, the posterior margin

in the British Museum. 111

with two large, rounded, black spots ; lateral sclerites of the

postnotum white, almost surrounded by a U-shaped black

mark. Pleura whitish ; a very large, mirror-like black spot

that covers almost all of the mesepisternum and the cephalic

margin of the mesepimeron. Sternum with the sides reddish

brown. Halteres dark brown, the extreme tip of the knobs

indistinctly pale. Legs with the cox pale reddish yellow ;

trochanters yellow; femora brownish black, the bases

obscure yellow, narrowest on the fore legs, broadest on the

posterior legs ; tibie dark brown, passing ‘into black at

the tips ; tarsi black. Wings greyish, the costal cell con-

colorous; subcostal cell and stigma brown; wing-apex

slightly infumed; veins dark brown; a group of about

twenty-five macrotrichize in the end of cell R;. Venation :

cell M, short-petiolate to subsessile ; fusion of Cu, and M

before the fork of the latter longer than r—m.

Abdomen orange; first tergite black; tergite two with

about the apical third black ; segment three with about the

apical half black; segments four and five with a small

median black spot, smaller on the last segment ; segments

six and seven black, the lateral margins of the former

broadly reddish ; hypopygium orange. Male hypopygium

with the ninth tergite having a deep median notch, the sub-

median lobes thus formed small, light yellow, covered with

a pale pubescence ; lateral lobes of the tergite moderately

long, the proximal and ventral faces spiculose. Eighth

sternite black, margined caudally with reddish yellow, the

median area rather deeply notched, the surface covered with

long conspicuous yellow bristles.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3 , Bo, Sierra Leone, April-May, 1910 (Dr. H. E.

Arbuckle). B.M. no. 1910. 247.

Paratype, 3, Ikotekpene, Southern Nigeria, May 17,

1910 (J. J. Simpson). B.M. no. 1915. 58. ,

‘lype in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

The paratype has the flagellar segments a little shorter,

but shows no other essential differences from the type.

Nephrotoma nigeriensis, sp. n.

Antenne with the scape obscure reddish ; first flagellar

segment reddish brown ; flagellum black ; head obscure

orange-brown ; mesonotal prescutum yellow, with three

black stripes ; median stripe paler than the lateral stripes ;

112 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

pleura yellow, conspicuously spotted with dark brown;

halteres brown, the tips of the knobs yellow; femora

brownish yellow, the tips dark brown; wings greyish sub-

hyaline ; no macrotrichiz in cell R; ; abdomen orange, the

tergites narrowly ringed caudally with black.

Male.—Length 10°8 mm. ; wing 10°8-11 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head pale reddish yellow;

palpi brown. Antenne rather long and slender, if bent

backward extending approximately to the base of the abdo-

men ; scape obscure reddish ; first flagellar segment reddish

brown ; remaining flagellar segments black. Head obscure

orange-brown ; occipital area shiny, large but ill-defined ;

vertical tubercle entire.

Pronotum narrowly obscure yellow medially, the sides

dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with three black

stripes, the median stripe much paler than the lateral

stripes; scutum yellow with the lobes largely black ;

scutellum testaceous ; postnotum with the median sclerite

yellow, black posteriorly ; lateral sclerites nearly surrounded

by a U-shaped black mark. Pleura yellow; a conspicuous

dark brown area on the mesepisternum and another on the

sternum between the fore and middle coxe; a narrow

vertical black line between the mesepisternum and mesepi-

meron. Halteres brown, the knobs tipped with yellow.

Legs with the coxe brown, the base of the fore coxe

blackened ; trochanters reddish yellow ; femora brownish

yellow, the tips rather narrowly dark brown; tibie dark

brown, the bases paler ; tarsi brownish black. Wings grey-

ish subhyaline, the subcostal cell pale brownish yellow ;

stigma brown; veins dark brown; wing-tip indistinctly

darkened ; no macrotrichiz in the end of cell #;. WVenation:

cell M, narrowly sessile.

Abdomen with the first tergite black ; remaining tergites

orange, narrowly ringed caudally and lined laterally with

black, the seventh segment entirely black ; hypopygium

reddish. Male hypopygium with the lateral lobes of the

ninth tergite very narrow and subpointed. Eighth sternite

rather deeply notched medially and the surface covered with

long yellow bristles.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3, Zungeru, Northern Nigeria, November 1910

(J. W. Scott-Macfie). B.M. no. 1911. 417.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma nigeriensis bears a general resemblance to

in the British Museum. 113

N. leonia, but is readily told by the coloration of the body

and legs, and, especially, by the hypopygium and lack of

macrotrichiz in the apex of cell R; of the wings.

Nephrotoma tigrinoides, sp. 0.

Antenne black, the flagellar segments short; scape

orange ; frontal tubercle indistinctly bifid ; mesonotal pre-

scutum yellow with three distinct black stripes ; postnotum

glabrous ; halteres with the knobs tipped with yellow;

wings nearly hyaline ; cell Sc darker ; conspicuous macro-

trichiz in cell R;; abdomen orange, banded with black.

Male.—Length 10°5 mm. ; wing 10°4 mm.

Female.—Length 13 mm. ; wing 12°3 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head orange-yellow; palpi

obscure yellow. Antenne with the scapal segments orange ;

first flagellar segment pale basally ; remainder of flagellum

black ; intermediate flagellar segments short, the basal

enlargement and the apical swelling subequal in size. Head

orange ; occipital mark small, triangular, dark brown, very

distinct ; frontal tubercle indistinctly bifid.

Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with

three shiny black stripes; lateral stripes bent strongly out-

ward; scutal lobes largely black; scutellum testaceous,

darker laterally ; postnotum yellow, the apical two-fifths

black, the surface glabrous. Pleura yellow, variegated with

reddish. Halteres brown, the knobs dark brown, about the

distal half dull yellow. Legs with the coxe reddish ; tro-

chanters yellow ; remainder of the legs brown, the femoral

bases yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, the subcostal cell

brown ; stigma brown ; veins brown, those at the wing-base

more yellowish ; several macrotrichiz in the outer end of

cell R;, these occupying about the outer fourth, along the

centre of the cell. Venation: cell M, short-petiolate ; cell

2nd A narrow.

Abdomen with tergite one black, only the caudal and

lateral margins narrowly orange-yellow ; tergite two orange,

the apical quarter black ; two small black dots at the second

quarter; tergite three orange, the apical third black;

tergites four and five orange with a black median area at the

caudal margin, smallest on the fifth segment; a black sub-

terminal ring occupying segment seven, the caudal half of

six, and the basal half of eight ; hypopygium orange. The

type male has the penis exserted and coiled like a watch-

spring.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 3

114 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-jlies

The female is generally similar, but the abdominal tergites

are regularly banded with orange-yellow and black, the

caudal margin of segments two to seven being broadly black,

the posterior bands scarcely attaining the lateral margins ;

cell 2nd A of the wings longer and wider than in the male.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 3, Mt. Mlanje, May 9, 1913 (S. A. Neave).

B.M. no. 1918. 140.

Allotopotype, ¢.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma tigrina, Alexander (Portuguese East Africa),

is generally similar to the present species, but has the

frontal tubercle entire ; the antennze very much longer ;

‘the wings more suffused with yellow, the wing-tip and r-m

being strongly infuscated ; no macrotrichiz in cell R; ; cell

2nd A longer ; details of the coloration of the body slightly

different.

Nephrotoma tricincta, sp. n.

Occipital mark not distinct ; frontal tubercle indistinctly

bifid ; mesonotal stripes black ; postnotum glabrous, knobs

of halteres tipped with yellow ; wings greyish yellow, the

tip and a cloud at r—-m brown ; a few macrotrichiz in the

end of cell R;; abdomen orange; a brownish-black sub-

terminal ring and two narrow bands at the ends of tergites

two and three ; eighth sternite sparsely hairy, the margin

with a small median tubercle that bears a pencil of hairs.

Male.—Length 15 mm. ; wing 14°4 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head yellow ; a shiny brown

spot at the base of the nasus; palpi pale brown, the last

segment fading into yellowish. Antennz with the scapal

segments ‘yellowish ; flagellum broken. Head orange ;

occipital mark practically lacking, represented only by a

slight, ill-defined, pale brown area ; frontal tubercle high,

very indistinctly bifid.

Mesonotum light yellow, the prescutum with three broad

black stripes, the lateral pair bent outward at their anterior

ends but not attaining the extreme lateral margin of the

sclerites ; scutal lobes black ; scutellum dark brown ; post-

notum pale with two large rounded dark brown spots at

the posterior margin ; surface glabrous. Pleura very pale

yellow, indistinctly variegated with reddish. Halteres brown,

the extreme apex of the knobs yellowish.’ Legs with the

cox and trochanters reddish yellow ; femora pale brownish

in the British Museum. 115

yellow, broken beyond the basal third. Wings with a

greyish-yellow tinge, the subcostal cell more yellowish ;

wing-tip and a cloud at r-m and the deflection of /,,; in-

fuscated ; stigma and veins dark brown; several macro-

trichiee in the end of cell R; and a very few in cell J4;.

Venation : fs scarcely longer than the deflection of Ry,; ;

cell M, sessile.

Abdomen orange, the first tergite with an irregular

blackish spot on either side of the median line ; tergites two

and three with brownish-black bands at the caudal margin ;

a conspicuous subterminal black ring that includes tergites

six and seven, sternite seven, most of eight, and the apex of

sixe; hypopygium orange. “Male hypopygium having the

ninth tergite with a broad V-shaped notch, the lateral “lobes

depressed below the level of the tergite proper, separated

by a small cirenlar notch, the outer face with a few black

spicules. Eighth sternite pale apically and for a greater

distauce medially, the posterior median portion produced

into a small tubercle that bears a pencil of hairs; sides of

ti.e sternite but slightly hairy.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, 8, Mt. Mlanje, November 19, 1912 (S. a.

Neave).

Presented by the Entomological Research Committee,

1913. 394.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

[listory).

Nephrotoma tricincta is apparently closest to N. tiyrina,

Alexander, but is readily told by the shape and coloration

of the occipital mark, the presence of macrotrichize in ceil

;, the different abdominal pattern, and other characters.

Nephrotoma livingstonet, sp. n.

Occipital mark not distinct ; frontal tubercle low, entire ;

centre of the median prescutal stripe at the anterior end

pale; halteres with the knobs dull yellow ; fore femora

largely dark brown, posterior femora brownish yellow,

rather narrowly tipped with dark brown ; wings pale brown,

the tip and a narrow seam along the deflection of 4,5 in-

fuscated ; a few macrotrichiz in cell R;; cell MM; petiolate ;

abdomen orange, the basal tergites with a posterior median

black mark; a subterminal black band ; eighth sternite

clothed with long yellow hairs.

Male.—Length about 11°3 mm.; wing 12°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head yellow, more ferruginous

116 Dr. C. P. Alexander on African Crane-flies

dorsally ; palpi pale basally, the distal segments darker.

Antenne rather elongate, if bent backward extending almost

to the base of the abdomen ; scapal segments orange ; first

flagellar segment light brown ; remaining flagellar segments

with the small basal swelling brownish black, the remainder

light brown to produce an indistinct bicolorous appearance.

Head orange; occipital area elongate-triangular, very pale

brown and not at all conspicuous ; frontal tubercle rather

low, entire.

Pronotum yellow. Mesonotum yellow, the prescutal

stripes black, the median stripe split at the anterior end by

a pale centre that extends back to about one-fourth the

length of the stripe; lateral stripes strongly outcurved,

scarcely attaining the lateral margins of the sclerite; scutal

lobes largely. black ; scutellum testaceous, the lateral

sclerites almost black ; postnotum yellow, on the posterior

third with two rather indistinct reddish spots ; surface

sparsely pubescent. Pleura light yellow, conspicuously

marked with reddish. Halteres pale brown, the knobs dark

brown, tipped with dull yellow. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters reddish ; fore femora dark brown with only the

bases yellow ; posterior femora brownish yellow, the tips

rather narrowly dark brown; remainder of the legs dark

brown. Wings with a pale brown suffusion, the subcostal

cell more saturated ; wing-tip and a seam along the deflec-

tion of R,,; very narrowly infuscated ; a compact group of

about sixteen macrotrichiz in the end of cell &;. Venation :

r at the fork of R,,3; petiole of cell J, from one-half to

nearly as long as m; cell 2nd A rather narrow.

Abdomen orange, the basal third of the first tergite with

two confluent black spots ; a small semicircular black mark

before mid-length of tergite two; a conspicuous black

median spot at the caudal margin of tergites two to five,

smaller on the posterior segments; a black subterminal

ring, including tergites six and seven and sternites seven

and eight ; hypopygium orange. Male hypopygium with

the outer margin of the lateral lobes of the ninth tergite

provided with numerous black spines. Outer pleural

appendage light yellow, tapering to the long subacute

point. Eighth sternite black with the exception of a median

caudal portion ; lateral hairs long and conspicuous ; a small,

median, yellow tubercle that bears a few long setee at its tip.

Hab. Nyasaland.

Holotype, &, Blantyre, May 6, 1914 (Dr. J. B. Davey).

B.M. no. 1915. 128.

in the British Museum. LIT

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma marshalli, sp. n.

Antennal flagellum dark brown, the segments relatively

short ; head orange, the occipital mark large, light brown ;

frontal tubercle bifid ; mesonotal prescutum yellow, the

prescutum with three distinct black stripes ; wings faintly

greyish, the extreme tip darkened ; apices of cell R; and Jd,

with macrotrichie; abdomen orange, the second tergite

with two small brown marks near the caudal end ; a con-

spicuous black subterminal ring, including tergites six and

seven and sternites six to eight.

Male.— Length 12°3 mm.; wing 14 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head yellow, more rufous

dorsally ; nasus long and slender. Antenne short, if bent

backward not extending far beyond the wing-root ; the

second and third flagellar segments have the basal enlarge-

ment and the apical swelling approximately equal in size ;

first flagellar segment dilated on the distal end, the opposite

face bearing two strong bristles; first scapal segment

orange ; second segment and basal half of the third obscure

orange-brown. Head yellowish orange; occipital mark

large, light brown, the anterior end not sending a long point

ou to the frontal tubercle (as in N. crocea) ; frontal tubercle

distinctly bifid. .

Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with

three conspicuous black stripes that are not confluent or

approximated ; lateral stripes bent strongly laterad to the

margin of the sclerite ; scutum yellow, the lobes largely

black ; scutellum yellowish testaceous, the lateral sclerites

almost black ; postnotum light yellow, on the posterior

third with two large, circular, blackened areas ; lateral

sclerites light yellow and reddish brown. Pleura light

yellow, variegated with reddish. MHalteres dark brown, the

knobs light yellow. Legs with the cox pale reddish ;

trochanters reddish yellow ; femora brown, the tips brown-

ish black ; tibiz and tarsi almost black. Wings with a

faint greyish tinge, the costal cell faintly, the subcostal cell

strongly, yellowish ; stigma dark brown; extreme tip of

wing darkened ; veins dark brown ; a few macrotrichiz in

the apices of cells R; and M,. Venation: cell M, short-

petiolate to narrowly sessile.

Abdomen with the first tergite orange, about the basal

half brown ; tergite two orange with two paired brown dots

118 Messrs. O. Tiomas and H. C. Robinson on

near the caudal margin; tergites three to five dull orange;

six and seven black; eight and nine orange; sternites

orange, segments six and seven and tie basal half of eight

black. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite about as

in N. unicingulata, but the lateral angles not so pronounced ;

eighth sternite notched medially, fringed on either side with

conspicuous yellow hairs.

Hab. Natal.

Holotype, 3 , Ulundi, altitude 5000-6500 feet, September

1896 (G. A. K. Marshall). B.M. no. 1908. 17.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History).

Nephrotoma marshalli agrees with N. crocea (Loew) in

its bifid frontal tubercle, but differs in the short antenne,

the differently shaped occipital mark, and the details of

coloration. It agrees well with N. wnicingulata, Alexander,

in the coloration of the abdomen and the macrotrichiz of

the wing, but differs in the structure of the frontal tubercle

and the details of coloration and structure. This interesting

erane-fly is respectfully dedicated to its collector, Dr. Guy

A. K. Marshall.

VIIT.—Some new Insular Squirrels of the Callosciurus

caniceps-concolor Group from Peninsular Siam. By

OLPFIELD THOMAS and HERBERT C. ROBINSON.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tne following new forms of Squirrel come from various

small islands off the west coast of Peninsular Siam, between

9° and 6° N. latitude, the majority being from islets near

Salanga (=Junk-Ceylon), 8° N

In describing them we are confronted. with the difficulties

every one has met in dealing with plastic island forms of

various degrees of specialization, and the question’as to what

forms should have binomial and what trinomial ‘is one that

we have had great hesitation in deciding.

On the whole, in this group, we have come to the dondligian

that the relationships of the different forms willbe most

easily understood if they are attached to what appear to be

their parent continental species, and that of these it is advis-

able to recognize three, namely :— .

C- caniceps, from north of about 13°, with yellow poaonally

new Insular Squirrels from Peninsu/ar Siam. 119

changing back, no epaulets or groin-patches, and with a

black-tipped tail.

C. epomophorus, from between 13° and 7°, greyish, with

reddish epaulets and groin-patches, the tail black-tipped.

C. concolor,ssouthwards of about 7°, grizzled grey, without

epaulets or groin-patches, the tail-tip not prominently black.

Even between these intermediates may occur, but to com-

bine the whole of the great number of local and nameable

subspecies under one specific heading would in our opinion

increase the already great difficulty of allocating the different

forms to their respective groups. And we have even greater

objection to the giving of binomial names to all.

The Mohea squirrels alone, as will be seen below, we have

had to exclude from this arrangement.

With regard to the formation of names, it is obviously

advisable to call local subspecies by terms which recall their

localities ; but unfortunately Malay names do not lend them-

selves to conversion into Latin terms without resulting in a

most trying cacophony. We have therefore ventured to

take certain liberties with the Malay words in order to reduce

this cacophony toa minimum while still recalling the localities

to which the new forms belong.

The series of specimens of these squirrels examined by us

in London is a selection, numbering four to six from each

island, from those originally collected by Robinson and

Kloss and the native collectors of the Federated Malay Sates

Museums, and amounting to many hundreds. Those now

brought home, which form the basis of this joint paper, are

all presented to the National Museum by the anthorities of

the Federated Malay States Museums. Of most forms here

described it may be assumed that something like twenty have

been examined in Kuala Lumpur by Robinson, in addition

to those brought home and now in London,

We commence with forms from the islands nearest to

Salanga (Junk-Ceylon), where typical C. epomophorus occurs.

Callosciurus epomophorus panjius, subsp. n.

Like epomophorus, but the ears, the underside of the

wrists, and the hairs round the genital organs prominently

whitish. On the ears the hairs are longer and are white

nearly or quite to their bases, not merely grizzled black and

white as in epomophorus. Upperside of fore feet also

averaging whiter. Amount of rufous on neck, under

surface, and base of.tail about as in epomophorus.

For dimensions and designation of type, see tables on p. 123.

120 Messrs. O. Thomas and H. C. Robinson on

Hah. Pulau Panjang, east of Salanga, 8°0' to 8°7'. Type

from Telok Pah.

Callosciurus epomophorus panjioli *, subsp. n.

Like epomophorus in all respects, including” the colour of

ears and wrists, but the rufous of the neck-patches and sides

more extended along the sides of the nape and shoulders,

where they form a dull rufous suffusion. Midrib of tail

averaging a little lighter below.

flab, Pulau Panjang Anak, north of P. Panjang, 8° 8’ N.

Although P. Panjang Anak is rather farther from Salanga

than P. Panjang is, the squirrel there is the more like true

epomophorus, but community of origin may in each case have

been from the mainland to the north.

Callosciurus epomophorus nakanus, subsp. n.

Specialized in the same direction as panjioli, but much

further, the whole lateral area, from the sides of the neck

over the shoulders to the sides of the hip, rich ferruginous,

about as in the brightest epaulet-patches of epomophorus.

Crown and median dorsal area—which is narrowed between

the ferruginous sides—strongly suffused with fulvous and

grizzled superficially with buffy and black, very different

from the greyish of epomophorus. Ferruginous of under

surface also greatly extended, the chin and chest alone grizzled

fulvous greyish. Base of tail below ferruginous for 2-3 inches ;

rest of tail more fulvous than usual, especially along its midrib

subterminally.

Hab, Koh Naka, an islet between Salanga and the north

part of Pulau Panjang, 8° 4’ N,

Callosciurus epomophorus mapravis, subsp. n.

A further development of the specializations of C.e. panjius,

the upper surface quite as in that form, the ears and wrists

similarly white. In addition, the chin, throat, and middle

area of the belly are white or whitish, instead of grey,

strongly contrasting with the ferruginous; the genital region

is suull more prominently white, and the forearms and hands

are also whitish. Under surface of tail with the subterminal

part of the midrib more or less fulvous.

Hab. Koh Maprau, between Salanga and the south end of

Pulau Panjang, 7° 58’ N.

* Pulau Panjang Anak=child of P. Panjang.

new Insular Squirrels from Peninsular Stam. 121

Callosciurus epomophorus pipidonis, subsp. n.

Size smaller than in epomophorus and the colour paler

throughout. Upper surface uniformly suffused with buffy,

not so dark a grey as in epomophorus ; under surface with

the rufous duller anteriorly and more ochraceous on the groin-

patches.

Hlab. Koh Pipidon, 7° 45’ N.

Callosciurus epomophorus tacopius, subsp. nu.

General colour above more suffused with fulvous than in

epomophorus, especially along the shoulder-area. Below,

this is even more strongly marked, the whole under surface

more or less strongly ochraceous—the chest as usual least so

and the inguinal region most, but there is only rarely a

distinctly grey chest. A paler ochraceous postauricular

patch. Ochraceous of belly running down to the heels.

Hab. Koh Rah, Takopah, coast of Peninsular Siam,

8° 50’ N.

Specimens from a locality intermediate between this and

Salanga, Tang Prang, Takuatung, 8° 35’, appear to be quite

similar to true epomophorus, and again others from Delisle

Island, further north, do not seem to have become definably

specialized.

Callosciurus concolor telibius *, subsp. n.

)

Size smaller than in the previous forms. Coloration very

similar to that of Perak concolor, the back grizzled ochraceous

tawny or cinnamon instead of the grizzled grey of the epomo-

phorus series. No trace of reddish epaulets or warmer areas

over shoulders, nor of ferruginous side, groin, or tail patches.

Below dull greyish clay-colour, nearly as in lancavensis, not

so clear a grey as in concolor, the usual darker median line

present but not conspicuous. Hands and feet grizzled grey

as in coneolor, but the hairs of the terminal phalanx of both

fingers and toes buffy yellow. ‘T'ail with black end as in all

the epomophorus group, its upper surface grizzled, with buffy

tips to the hairs; its midrib below (short of the black tip)

prominently buffy for its terminal half.

Hab. Pulau Telibun, near the coast of Trang, Peninsular

Siam, 7° 18’ N.

In its possession of a black tail-tip this squirrel resembles

* The accent being on the middle syllable of Telibun, the above seems

the best name to indicate that fact.

122) = New Insular Squirrels from Peninsular Siam.

epomophorus, but its general characters are distinctly those of

concolor.

Calloscturus mohetus, sp. n.

Size considerably smaller than in the ordinary members of

the concolor-caniceps group, but essential characters similar.

General colour above deep buffy, without shoulder-patches.

Small buffy postauricular patches present. Under surface

greyish white, lighter on the chin and throat, darker on the

belly, where there is a darker median line; small groin-

patches present, deep buffy. Front of forearms greyish

white, hands and inner sides of forearms quite white; inner

side of hind limbs white, hairs of terminal phalanges, both

fore and hind, yellowish. Tail with a black tip, its remainder

grizzled with black and buffy, the bases of the hairs buffy ;

midrib below bright buffy, short of the terminal black tip.

Hab. Pulau Mohea—north—about 30 miles off the Trang

coast, 7° 14!’ N.

The small squirrels of Molhea we have made an exception

to the general principle of attaching the insular forms to

the parent continental species. Mohea being out to sea

opposite the dividing-line between the ranges of epomophorus

and coneolor, while its squirrel, shows some unexpected

resemblances to caniceps, and others to telibius (of which it

might most naturally be supposed to be a derivative), we are

at present unable to decide to which species it should be

attached, and provisionally give it a binomial name.

But Mohea itself is divided into two by a channel some

70 yards in width, and, narrow as this is, it has resulted in

the squirrels of the two islets being definably different from

each other. Giving the primary name moheius to the form

of the north islet, we propose to call that of the south—

Callosciurus moheius mohillius, subsp. n.

General essential characters, the small size, yellowish

coloration, black tail-tip, and absence of ferruginous patches

as. in mohetus, but the dorsal colour duller and browner,

nearly approaching “ clay-colour” ; under surface also

darker, against which the buffy groin-patches show more

strongly. Postauricular patches scarcely perceptible. Feet

and tail as in moheius, though the midrib of the latter is not

so strongly ochraceous.

Hab. Pulau Mohea—south—7° 13’ N.

On new Chaletdoid Flies from Coimbatore. 123

Dimensions of types :—

Skull—

Head and 7; Hind y,, greatest Ss

i foot "length. length,

mm, mm, mm, mn, mm. mm,

C.e. panjius .... 230 230 50 23 57°5 52°3

Cie. panjoli..., 230 220 61 20 562 52°3

C.e. pipidonis .. 218 198 47 20 54 50

C. e. tacopius.... 205 208 49 18 544 49°6

C.e. nakanus.... 220 200 49 20 55 50°5

C.e.mapravis .. 210 210 49 20 55 50°5

C.c. tehbius .... 194 184 44 21 51 46

C. moheius ...... 198 185 42 dg 45 405

C.m. mohillius .. 192 174 42 18 48 43°5

Types :—

B.M.no. Originalno. Collected.

Of C. e. panjius. Aig he 20. 12. 4. 36. 246. 20th Jan., 1918,

C.e.panjiot. ¢.. 20. 12. 4. 41. 435, 29th Jan., 1918.

C. e. pipidons. 2 .. 20. 12. 4. 53. 8135. drd Feb., 1919.

C.e. tacopius. oS .. 20. 12. 4. 56. 8239. 16th Feb., 1919.

Cie. nakanus. 6 .. 20. 12. 4. 43. 505. 4th Feb., 1918.

C. e. mapravis. 2 .. 20. 12. 4. 51. 591, 10th Feb., 1918.

C. ce. telibius. Guat 20) 12. 4) 67. 7779. 2nd Jan., 1917.

C. mohetus. oC. 20. 12. 4. 72. 8102. 2nd Feb., 1919.

C.m. mohillius. 3 . 20. 12. 4. 75. 8112, 3rd Feb., 1919.

All presented to the National Museum by the authorities

of the Federated Malay States Museums.

1X.— Descriptions of new Chalcidoid Flies from Coimbatore,

South India. By 8. A. Ronwer, Honorary Custodian of

Hymenoptera, U.S. National Museum.

Txt new species of Chalcidoid parasites characterised in

the following pages belong to the Elasmidz and Eulophidz

and were submitted for identification by Ramakrishna Ayyar,

acting Government Entomologist, Madras Agricultural

College, Coimbatore, India. The collection, of which the

species here treated formed a part, contained certain other

Hymenopterous parasites, for which a report enumerating all

species, except those belonging to the two families mentioned

above, has already been published by Mr. A. B. Gahan*.

Much of the labour connected with the identifying of the

* “Report on a small Collection of Indian Hymenoptera,” Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. lvi. no. 2299, pp. 518-524 (October 20, 1919),

124 Mr. S. A. Rohwer on new

species described was done by Messrs. Gahan and Crawford,

and the present writer, although entirely responsible for

this contribution, has done little more than verify their

identifications and prepare the following descriptions.

The drawings of the antennz were:made by the author

from slide mounts, with the aid of a Leitz projection

apparatus. The descriptions were prepared under a magni-

fication of sixty diameters.

Family Elasmide.

Elasmus indicus, sp. n.

Female.—Length 2 mm. Face and lower part of front

finely granular; vertex and occiput granular, but in addition

with shallow, poorly defined, separate pits; lateral ocelli

separated from the eye by a distance about twice as great

as their diameter, and from the caudal margin of the

head by a distance equal to their diameter ; antenne as

in figure 1; pronotum with an indistinct transverse carina ;

Fig. 1.

Elasmus indicus, Rohwer. Antenna of paratype a.

mesoscutum with close setigerous punctures, the hair black ;

scutellum somewhat dull, very finely reticulate ; propodeum

shining, more finely reticulate than the scutellum ; abdomen

polished, with long black bristles on the sides of tergites,

/Mneous ; antenne brown ; scutellum with a faint purplish

tinge ; base of first tergite green ; apical part of first and

base of second tergites with a pale ferruginous band ; apical

tergites faintly purplish; legs black, the anterior pair

beyond middle of coxe, the intermediate pair beyond femora,

and the posterior tibize and tarsi yellowish brown, with very

conspicuous black bristles; wings sublyaline.

Male.—Length 15 mm. Agrees well with the female,

except that the mesoscutum appears more scaly.

Type-locality.—Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,978, U.S.N.M.

Described from seven females and one male received from

Chaleidoid Flies from Coimbatore. 135

Ramakrishna Ayyar under his number 27 and labelled :

“ Parasitic on Coccids on Acacia. 18.1.17. Ramakrishna

Collector.” Antenna of paratype a on slide 885.

Elasmus nephantidis, sp. un.

Close to Elasmus indicus, Rohwer, but lacks the pale band

on the abdomen, has white bristles on the mesoscutum, and

different punctuation on the head.

Female.—Length 2°5 mm. Face finely reticulate ; upper

part of front, vertex and occiput shining, finely reticulate,

and in addition with scattered shallow punctures ; antennz

as in figure 2; ocellular line twice as long as the diameter

Elasmus nephantidis, Rohwer. Antenna of paratype a.

of a lateral ocellus ; ocello-occipital line subequal in length

with the diameter of a lateral ocellus; pronotum without a

transverse ridge, sculptured like the mesoscutum ; meso-

scutum with close setigerous punctures giving it a scaly

appearance, the hair whitish ; scutellum finely reticulate;

propodeum polished; abdomen shining, lateral bristles

black, A‘neous ; head, spot near tegula, propodeum, and

base of first tergite greenish or with a greenish tinge ; apical

third of first tergite faintly brownish; scape yellowish,

flagellum brownish ; legs yellowish, with conspicuous black

hairs; four posterior cox and femora (except basally)

blackish ; wings subhyaline.

Type-locality—Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,979, U.S.N.M.

Described from six females received from Ramakrishna

Ayyar under his number 34, and labelled as “ Parasitic on

Nephantis serinopa on Palm. 7.iv.14, 10.iv.14. P. 8. Col-

lector.’ Anteuna of paratype a on slide 884.

126 Mr. S. A. Rohwer BX new

Family Eulophide.

Pediobopsis locustivora, sp. n.

Differs in colour from Pediobopsis spencert, Girault.

Female.—Length 1:25 mm. Head collapsed; vertex

finely reticulate ; scape slender, more than half the length of

the rest of antenna; antenna beyond scape as in figure 3;

mesoscutum subopaque, finely reticulate; axille and

scutellum shining, very finely reticulate (much finer than

the scutum), medianly the scutellum is almost without

Pediobopsis locustivora, Rohwer. Antenna of paratype a.

sculpture. Dark green; vertex and mesoscutum bright

green ; axilla and scutellum with a bronzy-green lustre;

- antennee brownish yellow; legs below coxee white; wings

hyaline ; venation yellowish.

Type-locality.—Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,980, U.S.N.M.

Described from five females received from Ramakrishna

Ayyar under his number 23 and labelled: ‘“ Parasitic on

Locustid eggs on Cordia Leaf. T.V.S.Collector. 25.vi.17,

27.vi.17.” Antenna of paratype on slide 876.

Pleurotropis epilachne, sp. n.

Closely allied to Pleurotropis foveolatus, Crawford, which is

parasitic on Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, but the sculpture

of the scutum is somewhat coarser, the colour is green, and

the bristle-like hairs white.

Female.—Length 15 mm. Face shining, laterally finely

transversely lineate ; clypeus polished; front and vertex

reticulate ; first joint of funicle distinctly longer than the

following, the second and third subequal; club sharply

pointed apically; lateral ocelli less than their width: from

caudal margin of head; pronotum polished, the anterior

margin distinctly carinate; scutum coarsely reticulate,

anterior lateral part with a tendency to form curved raised

lines ; axille finely reticulate ; scutellui with rather coarse

Chaleidoid Flies from Coimbatore. 127

raised irregular lines which curve and unite towards the

apex giving the appearance at first glance of U-shaped striae,

medianly with umbilicate punctures ; prepodeum polished,

with two distinct carinze which diverge posteriorly ; abdomen

polished, the petiole short, granular. Dark metallic green,

even antennze and legs; tarsi, except the dusky apical joint,

clear white ; wings hyaline, venation yellowish.

Type-locality.— Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,981, U.S.N.M.

Described from ten females received from Ramakrishna

Ayyar under his number 5 and labelled: ‘ Parasitic on

( of Epilachna. Insectary. 14.viii.16.”

Ceratoneura indica, sp. n.

Closely allied to the genotype, petiolata, but differs in

antennal characters and to some extent in sculpture. In

Girault’s generic key * this species falls in Ceratoneuropsis.

- Female-—Length 15 mm. Striz of face of nearly uniform

strength; frons and vertex subshining, granulato-lineate ;

interocellar line shorter than ocellocular line; a more or

less distinct depression behind lateral ocelli; antennz as in

figure 4; pronotum transversely lineato-granular ; meso-

Ceratoneura indica, Rohwer. Antenna of type.

scutum without an impressed median line, the surface finely

transversely lineate; scutellum with the impressed lines

very feeble and difficult to see, but certainly without a

median one, the surface granular; propodeum shining,

without distinct. sculpture, the median groove distinct,

wider anteriorly, lateral and posterior sulci distinct ; petiole

wider posteriorly, its length subequal with the caudal width ;

abdomen shining, acuminate from basal third; stigmal vein

alittle more than one-fourth as long as marginal ; marginal

* Mem, Queensland Mus. vol. ii. 1918, p. 253.

128 Mr. S. A. Rohwer on new

and submarginal veins subequal in length. Black, antenns

and legs below coxe pale brown, the tibie and tarsi some-

what yellowish ; wings hyaline; venation very pale brown.

Type-locality. ‘—Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,982, U. S.NM.

Described from a single female received from Ramakrishna

Ayyar under his number 28* and labelled: “ From gall.

25.vi.13. T. V.R. Coltor.” Right antenna on slide 882.

Genus Tetrasticuus, Haliday.

In placing the following species the writer has used the

genus Tetrastichus in a very much broader sense than

certain other students. The present liberal interpretation

of the genus, while perhaps not in accord with the modern

conception of a genus, is preferred to the limiting of

“ genera’ on such variable and uncertain characters as the

number of ring-joints or the number of “ club-joiuts.” In

both of these so-called characters there is much chance for

error, and much depends on the preparation of the slide

mount of the antenna. It is, however, not to be construed

that the author believes that all of the segregates of

Tetrastichus are synonyms. Some of them are undoubtedly

valid, but, until they can be redefined by more reliable

characters, it will only add to the present confusion by

definitely assigning species to them. To show where each

species would fall in the recent tabulations, a statement of

the group to which it would run in the diagnosis of the

genera of Tetrastichine Eulophide, given by Girault f, is

added as a preface to each description.

Besides the species here described, the sending contained

a single female specimen of a yellow species reared at the

same time as TJetrastichus coimbatorensis and sent under

the same number. This yellow species seems to be new,

but more material is needed before reaching a decision.

Tetrastichus okawus, sp. n.

Belongs, according to the generic key by Girault, to

Quadrastichus. Compared with the other Indian species

this is more closely allied to Tetrastichus coimbatorensis, but,

besides the antennal and colour characters, can easily be

distinguished by the presence of a median line on the scutum.

* Eurytoma dentipectus, Gahan, and Neanastatus pulchricorpus, Girault,

were received under the same number.

+ Memoirs Queensland Mus. vol. ii, 1918, p. 249.

Chaletdoid Flies from Coimbatore. 129

Female.— Length 1-5 mm. Head much shrunken, shining,

without distinct sculpture or ridges ; antenna as in firure 5 ;

mesoscutum shining, finely longitudinally lineate, with a

nearly complete, impressed, longitudinal line medianly ;

scutellum finely reticulate, the medial sulci nearly parallel,

propodeum very short, without distinct sculpture, the

median carina very short and broad; marginal vein a little

Tetrastichus okawus, Rohwer. Antenna of type.

longer than the submarginal; abdomen distinctly louger

than head and thorax, narrow, acuminate apically. Dark

metallic green; head below bases of antennze, scape, pedi-

cellum, tegule, and legs, except apical joint of tarsi,

yellowish ; flagellum brown; wings hyaline, with very

sparse pubescence; venation very pale brown.

Type-locality.—Coimbatore, S uth India.

Ty pe.—Cat. No. 20,983, U.S.N.M.

Described from five females (one type) received from

Ramakrishna Ayyar under his number 21 and labelled:

“From cumbu grains. V. R. Coll. 16.xi1.16, 17.xii.16.”

Left antenna of type on slide 881.

Tetrastichus ayyari, sp. n.

If the indistinctly divided club is said to be three-

jointed, this species runs to Aprostocetus in Girault’s key.

If the club is considered to be solid, and except under

high magnification it appears so, it would fall in Selitra-

chodelia.

Female.—WLength 1:75 mm. Head not shrunken, shining,

very finely lieate, and without ridges or depression around

ocelli; antenna as in figure 6; the antennal club sharply

acuminate and, when highly magnified, indistinctly divided

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 9

130 Mr. S. A. Rohwer on new

into three parts, the apex with a slender spine-line projection ;

mesoscutum finely lineate, with a distinct, median, longi-

tudinal sulcus on the posterior two-thirds ; scutellum more

coarsely lineate than the scutum, the median sulci. near ly

parallel; propodeum dull, finely coriaceous, with three feeble,

median, longitudinal carine, and basally with two faint,

transverse, 1 raised lines ; abdomen shining, short (subequal

in length with the thorax), almost spherical in dorsal outline ;

Tetrastichus ayyari, Rohwer. Antenna of paratype a.

marginal and submarginal veins of subequal length.

Uniformly black, with a greenish reflection on head and

thorax ; scape yellowish brown; legs, except anterior cox

and femora which are brownish, yellowish white ; wings

hyaline ; venation yellowish.

Type-locality.—Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,984, U.S.N.M.

Described from eleven females received from Ramakrishna

Ayyar under his number 6 (or 9) and labelled: “ Parasitic

on ( of Cholam chilo. Insectary. 19.v1.14, 20.vii.14,

21.v1.14.” Antenna of paratype a on slide 880.

Named for Ramakrishna Ayyar.

Tetrastichus isaaci, sp. n.

In the generic tabulation given by Girault falls in Tetra-

stichomorpha, aud there is more closely allied to flava, Girault,

but differs in some details of colour and in the antenna.

Female.—Length 2°25 mm. Dorsal part of frons with a

few widely scattered setigerous pits; a transverse ridge

immediately behind the anterior ocellus and another

immediately behind the posterior ocelli ; the posterior ridge

projects ventrally along the posterior margin of the eye ;

antenna as in figure 7 ; caudal margin of pronotum with a

row of well-separated bristles ; mesoscutum finely irregu-

larly aciculate, with a longitudinal median sulcus posteriorly ;

scutellum large, its surface with irregular aciculations,

laterally with a longitudinal grooved line, along which there

are a few widely scattered bristles ; propodeum short, its

Chaleidoid Flies from Coimbatore. 131

surface with fine granulations, the median carina distinct,

furcate caudad ; abdomen longer than head and thorax,

gradually narrowing to an acute apex. Yellow; antennz

dark brown; posterior surface of head, most of scutum,

axilla, and basal margins of second and following tergites

yellowish ferruginous ; legs yellowish, with coxe darker,

wings hyaline, venation yellow; bristles on thorax dark

brown.

Tetrastichus isaaci, Rohwer. Antenna of type; a, ring-joints highly

magnified.

Male.—Lengtl 15 mm. Agrees with above description

of female, except that the apex and sides (nearly to the base)

of the abdomen are blackish. Antenna slender, clothed with

long hair, number of ring-joints not determined.

Type-locality.—Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—-Cat. No. 20,985, U.S.N.M.

Described from four females (one type) and a single male

allotype received from Ramakrishna Ayyar under his number

24, and labelled as reared from galls on “ Macrna arenaria.”

Type and one paratype issued June 13, 1917, the other

specimens issued June 11, 1917. Isaac collector. Right

antenna of type on slide 877.

Tetrastichus nyemitawus, sp. n.

In the generic tabulation of Girault runs to Aprostocoloides,

but the colour will distinguish it from any of the species

placed in that “genus.” If the mesoscutum is said to be

without a median longitudinal sulcus (and there is only a

depression), this species will run to Trichaporoidella, but it

is readily separated from curmbatorensis, which also falls there,

by the longer and more coarsely sculptured propodeum. The

132 Mr. S. A. Rohwer on new

propodeum of Tetrastichus echthrus, Crawford, is similarly

punctured, but the lateral carinz are different, as well as other

parts of the body.

Female-—Length 8 mm. Head not shrunken, ocelli

surrounded by a deep groove which extends laterally to the

eye-margins ; head shining, the surface finely lineate ;

antenna as in figure 8; pronotum and sides of the

scutum lineate ; median part of scutum reticulato-lineate ;

scutum with a median longitudinal depression, but not a

sulcus; scutellum reticulate, the median sulci deep and

parallel ; propodeum more than half as long as the scutellum,

Fig. 8.

Tetrastichus nyemitawus, Rohwer. Antenna of paratype a.

covered with thimble-like punctures and with a well-defined

median carina, the lateral carinze weak ; abdomen shining,

subequal in length with the thorax, acuminate beyond the

middle; marginal vein about twice as long as the sub-

marginal, Bright green; head below the antenne, scape

beneath, and posterior and superior orbits narrowly testaceous;

tegule and legs sordid whitish ; wings hyaline; venation

pale brown.

Male.—Length 2°5 mm. Similar to the female, except

that the testaceous marks on the head are more extensive ;

autennz slender, with very long bristles on the basal joints.

Type-locality.— Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,986, U.S.N.M.

Described from six females (one type) and four males

(one allotype), received from Ramakrishna Ayyar under

his number 8 and labelled: “ Parasitic on cholam stem-

maggot. 8.vill.l6 (five, including type and _ allotype),

7.vil.16, 9.vii.16. Insectary.” Antenna of female para-

type a on slide 878.

Chalcidoid Flies from Coimbatore. 133

Tetrastichus coumbatorensis, sp. n.

In Girault’s generic key runs to Trichaporoidella, and,

while it agrees in general with the descriptions of the

species assigned to this genus, differs from all of them by

various colour-markings.

Female.—Length 1:30 mm. Head shrunken, without

distinct sculpture; antenna as in figure 9; mesoscutum

Tetrastichus coimbatorensis, Rohwer. Antenna of paratype 6.

shining, without a median longitudinal sulcus, under high

magnification faintly aciculate ; median longitudinal grooves

of scutellum slightly converging posteriorly ; propodeum

short, shining, without distinct sculpture, the median

carina feeble ; abdomen subequal in length with head and

thorax, acuminate beyond middle. Black with a bluish

reflection ; antenna dark brown, scape yellowish beneath ;

front of head below top of eyes, lower part of posterior

orbits, lateral margins of pronotum, sides of scutum

narrowly (broadening into a transverse spot posteriorly),

posterior part of scutellum, metanotum, sides of pronotum

posterior margin of tegula, and dorsal margin of mesepi-

meron lemon-yellow; legs yellowish white, with the tarsi

dusky ; wings hyaline ; venation pale brown.

Paratypes show considerable variation in the extent of

the yellow markings. In two specimens the abdominal

sternites are yellow, but the markings of the thorax are

practically the same as the type. In paratype a, however,

the yellow of the thorax is much reduced, the pronotum

(dorsally), the scutellum, and metanotum are black, and the

spot on the posterior part of the scutum is reduced toa

narrow line.

Type-locality —Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,987, U.S.N.M.

134 Mr. S. A. Roliwer on new

Described from seven females (one. type) received from

Ramakrishna Ayyar under his number 1| and labelled:

“Parasitic on cholam_ gall-fly. Insectary. 10.viii.16,

7.viii.16.” Antenna of paratype 6 on slide 879.

Euryscotolinz coimbatorensis, sp. n.

Differs in size and colour from Luryscotoling guttativertex,

Girault.

Female.—Length2 mm. Head shining, without sculpture,

except the intraocellay area which is finely reticulate ; ocelli

in nearly an equilateral triangle ; postocellar line slightly

shorter than the ocellocular line ; scape subequal in length

with the first two joints of funicle ; ; funicular joints subequal

in length; pronotum long, finely reticulate ; scutum and

scutellum shining, very finely reticulate; propodenm

polished ; abdomen subequal in length with thorax. Orange-

yellow ; flagellum, cloud around ocelli, propodeum, apex of

scutellum, base and sides of tergites narrowly brownish ;

wings hyaline ; venation yellowish.

Type-locality.—Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,988, U.S.N.M.

Described from five females received from Ramakrishna

Ayyar under his number 17 and labelled: “ Parasitic on

miner in leaves of Jlab-lab. Ramakrishna Collector.

25.vi.14, 26.vi.14, 23.v1.14.”

Euplectrus leucostomus, sp. u.

The sculpture of the scutellum makes it easy to separate

this species from the other Indian species.

Male.—Length 1:75 mm. Head, except for a small

finely aciculate area in front of ocelli, smooth and polished ;

lateral ocelli separated from inner margin of eyes by a

distance somewhat less than their greatest diameter;

antennze long, slender, scape shorter than first two funicle

joints, funicle joints subequal 3 a length ; dorsal surface of

pronotum smooth behind the transverse carina ; mesoscutum

reticulate, with a distinct, impressed, longitudinal line

medianly ; axillee polished ; scutellum, except the extreme

sides, punctato-lineate ; propodeum polished, the median

furrow complete, broad ; propodeal spiracle more than its

width from lateral sulcus; longer spur of hind tibiz as long

as first two tarsal joints; petiole granular, nearly as long

as broad ; abdomen shining, glabr ous. Black; head below

antenne, front along eye-margins to near top of eye,

autennee, large oval spot covering most of tergites (except

Chaleidoid Flies from Coimbatore. 135

apical ones), and all of sternites yellowish white; legs

entirely white; body-bristles white; wings hyaline, with

white venation.

Type-locality.— Coimbatore, South India.

Type.—Cat. No. 20,989, U.S.N.M.

Described from three males received from Ramakrishna

Ayyar under his number 31 and labelled: “ Parasites on @

on Castor. C.S. No. 108/17-18. 5.xi.17. C. V.S.”

Euplectrus euplexie, sp. n.

Closely allied to leucostomus, Rohwer, but the antenne

are shorter, the ocelli are smaller and much further from

the eye-margins, and the sculpture of the mesoscutum is

somewhat different.

Male.—Length 15 mm. Head polished, with a few fine

aciculations on the front; ocelli small, widely separated

from the eye-margins, the ocellular line longer than the

interocellar line and two-thirds as long as the postocellar

line; antennz short, the scape as long as the first two

funicle joints, funicle joints subequal in length; transverse

carina on pronotum not sharply defined, behind it the

pronotum is smooth; mesoscutum without a median line,

irregularly reticulate ; axilla smooth; scutellum finely

reticulate medianly, reticulato-lineate laterally ; propodeum

shining, median furrow distinct, complete ; propodeal spiracle

close to lateral sulcus ; petiole granular, slightly longer than

wide; abdomen polished; longer spur of hind tibiz subequal

in length with two basal tarsal joints. Black ; head below

antenne, frons along eye-margins to near top of eye,

antenne, large spot on tergites occupying most of basal

part and most of sternites yellowish white ; legs entirely

whitish; wings hyaline, with whitish venation ; body-bristles

pale brown.

Female.—Length 2mm. Agrees with male, except for

absence of marks on frons, the presence of a distinct

yellowish tinge to legs basally, and in having the tergites

yellowish dorsally, except for a transverse brownish band

before apex.

Type-locality Coimbatore, South India.

Type.——Cat. No. 20,990, U.S.N.M.

Described from one male and two females received from

Ramakrishna Ayyar under his number 10 and labelled :

“ Parasitic on Huplexia conducta, 8.xi.14. Ramakrishna

Collector.”

136 On a new Tuco-tuco from Bolivia.

X.—A new Tuco-tuco from Bolivia.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some mammals from Eastern Bolivia presented to the

National Museum by Mr. Walter Goodfellow there occurs a

large tuco-tuceo allied to the Clenomys boliviensis of Water-

house, from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, but sufficiently different

in its cranial characters to deserve distinction.

Ctenomys boliviensis is represented in the Museem by two

cotypes, and of these I propose to select the mule (B.M.

no. 46. 7. 28. 57), of which the skull was figured by

Waterhouse, as the lectotype.

The new form may be called

Ctenomys goodfellowi, sp. n.

Size slightly less than in boliviensis. Colours essentially

the same, though the dark dorsal line is heavier and the white

of the under surface is reduced to inconspicuous axillary and

inguinal patches.

Skull, as compared with that of the lectotype of boliviensis,

equally an adult male, rather smaller and less heavily ridged,

even though, judging by the basilar suture, it is rather older.

Sides of muzzle with the same peculiar bony thickening

characteristic of bdoliviensis, and figured by Waterhouse.

Nasals shorter and less broadened anteriorly, consequently

more nearly parallel-sided. Interorbital space broader, its

margins forming nearly parallel-sided overhanging ledges,

instead of the abruptly developed postorbital processes found

in boliviensis with deep lateral orbital concavities in front of

them. Zygomata not so greatly thickened, the suborbital

part with a deep crescentic cleft on its upper side, represented

in boliviensis merely by a shallow concavity. Orbital fossa

much shorter, so that the ascending malar process is almost

exactly at the centre of the combined orbito-temporal fossa,

instead of, as in bolivtensis, much nearer its hinder end.

Palation level with the middle of m*. Bulls smaller and less

inflated than in boliviensis, with the meatal tube unusually

elongated. As in boliviensis, the incisors are very broad and

heavy, with orange fronts, and the premolars are very large.

On new Aquatic Annelids. 137

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body 240 mm. ; tail 93 ; hind foot 40.

Skull: median length 54; greatest diagonal length 57 ;

condylo-incisive length 56; Zygomatic breadth 39°5 ; nasals

18 x9; interorbital breadth 14:7; least breadth across brain-

ease 24°5; bimeatal breadth 38°53; palatilar length 25 ;

diagonal length of bullae 17°7, breadth at right angles to

last 8°5. Upper echeek-tooth series (crowns) 11°8, diameter

of p* 5.

ies Esperanza, near Conception, Prov. Nuflo de Chaves,

I. Bolivia.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20.11.17.6. Original

number 4. Collected July 1919, and presented by Walter

Goodfellow, Ksq.

This tucu-tucu is no doubt nearly allied to C. boliviensis,

bat differs by the cranial characters above described. The

species from Matto Grosso described by Ribeiro as C. rendoni

and breolor aie evidently different in colour, and their cranial

measurements are quite inconsistent with those of C. govd-

fellow,

“ From the forests.”—W. G@.

XIL—Two new Aquatic Annelids.

By Hiiperic Frienp,

1. Sparganophilus elongatus, Fr.

Tn 1910 Mr. Bartlett, of Pencarrow, Washaway, Cornwall,

sent me some annelids from the bottom of a slate tank in

which water-lilies were grown. Among them were a number

which were new to me, ‘These were provisionally named

Helodrilus elongatus (3). I have recently had occasion to

examine them afresh, and find that they belong to the genus

Sparganophilus. ‘The trivial name is retained, and the worm

is now described as Sparganophilus elongatus, Friend.

When fully extended Sp. elongatus measures from 7 to 8

inches, agreeing in this respect with Sp. edsend, Smith.

Number of segments 200 to 250, which may be compared

with Sp. benhami, Eisen. Colour chocolate-brown, the

anterior segments flesh-coloured. The girdle is clay-coloured

and extends from segment 15 to 27. I found the tubercular

bands in one specimen on segments 19-22. In April, when

the material was collected, maturity may not have been fully

attained. ‘his may be the reason why I failed to find any

138 Mr. FI. Friend on

spermathecee. The prostomium is typical, and is destitute

alike of pore and suture. No dorsal pores have been seen.

The male pores were found on one specimen close to the

18/L9 intersegmental groove. ~

Sparganophilus elongatus, Fy., Pencarrow, Cornwall.

Natural size.

The worm is stiff and wiry, disagreeable to the touch, and

very irritable. The wiriness is due to the great development

of the longitudinal muscle-layer. ‘There are, as usual, 8 sete

on each segment, those in the ventral bundles of segments 8

to 11 being conspicuous. Apparently these ae specially

Fig, 2.

Sparganophilus elongatus, Fully developed seta. Enlarged.

developed for sexual purposes. There is a slight tendency to

ornamentation on all the sete, whether fully developed or

young. ri

In one important point the new worm differs strikingly

from Sp. tamesis, Benham. There is no “ large truncated

conical somite carrying the dorsal anus at its end” as a py-

gidium. The anus is lumbricid in character, and may be

5 . . .

described as a dorso-ventral terminal pore. The girdle is not

new Aquatic Annelids. 139

prominent, at least in the spring, and the grooves between

the segments are usually quite distinct. A deep groove

traverses the dorsal surface of the worm, exactly as described

by Benham for the Thames species, when placed in alcohol.

I observed, however, that those which were preserved in weak

formaldehyde retained the cylindrical form unchanged.

The most anterior nephridia vary in position, and seem to

commence, sometimes in segment 12, at others in 13 or 14,

the postseptal being limited to the next segment behind

Fig. 3.

Sparganophilus elongatus. Young seta. Enlarged.

these. The nephridiopores are immediately in front of the

ventralmost sete, instead of in the mid-line between the

ventral pair.

Internally the structure agrees in the main with Sp. tamesis.

There are, however, well-marked dilatations in segments 15

to 18, as well as in the vascular system of 9,10,and11. The

ventral vessel is much branched in the fifteenth and sixteenth

segments, ‘lhe cesophagus is distinctly modified in the

eighth and ninth segments. There are no cesophageal

glands, but in segment 3 are certain bodies which may be

compared with the coelomic glands of Sp. eisent, Smith.

They have not been recorded hitherto for either Sp. benhami

or Sp. tamesis.

2. Anagaster fontinalis, gen. et sp. n.

While residing in Suffolk in 1907 I found some new well-

worms at Mildenhall. There seem to have been two species,

one of which was, in all probability, a Haplotawxis related to

or identical with that found in Cambridge by Beddard

(Phreatothriz cantabrigiensis, Bedd.). The other appears to

me to be not only a new species, but also a new genus, and

the first indisputable member of the Criodrilinw, of indige-

nous habit, yet found in this country.

The length of A. fontinalis is about 2 inches, the number

of segments 100. ‘Ihe male pores are in front of the girdle

on segment 15 as in Criodrilus, and not within the

girdle limits as in Sparganophilus. Vhe girdle commences

140 On new Aquatic Annelids.

on segment 21. There is no muscular gizzard, nor are

cesophageal glands, prostate glands, or ecelomic glands to be

found. There is also an absence of dorsal pores and _head-

pore. This is characteristic of aquatic forms. Spermathecz

have not been found and appear to be wanting. ‘The sete,

which are in four pairs, are not ornamented. Tubercular or

pubertatis band present on certain girdle-segments.

This generic description may be supplemented by some

notes on the species. A. fontinalis differs from the other

members of the family so far described in the matter of

length. Nearly all the known Criodriline are long and

slender, but this worm closely resembles our native Adlurus

(Hiseniella), The male pore is within a very conspicuous

papilla, which extends (as in Dendrobena mammalis, Sav.)

over the adjoining segments 14-16, The absence of a gizzard,

however, shows it to be a true water-worm, and the internal

anatomy agrees in general with that of the Criodriline. The

Anagaster fontinalis. Slightly enlarged.

girdle is saddle-shaped, the ventral surface of the girdle-

segments being quite unaffected. ‘The anterior portion of the

girdle is not very clearly defined. It affects segment 21 and

extends back to segment 32 or 38. The tubercular band is

on segments 29-31. Ventrally segments 11-14 and 29-31

are more tumid than the others. ‘The living worm is red or

flesh-coloured, and the abundant blood-vessels are to be seen

through the delicate epidermis. The anus is terminal.

The internal details were not easy to determine, owing to

the specimens having passed maturity. ‘The development of

the girdle is remarkable on the dorsal surface. The principal

heart is in segment 10, while a somewhat less pronounced

dilatation is found in the fitteenth segment. The typhlosole

is seen in each segment to act as a valve. The pharynx

extends to the anterior third of segment 5, and shows a struc-

ture which suggests rudimentary salivary glands, In seg-

ments 9, 11, 12 are also some organs which, by their glairy

On new Species of Palearetic Simuliide. 141

appearance, suggest calciferous glands. But, if we compare

Alma enini, Mich., we may assume for the present that they

are receptacles for spermatozoa. I find no other sperma-

thecee, nor are sperm-lunnels present in the specimen section-

ized, The sexual apparatus being degenerate, I can only

discover a few traces of the ovary or testes, especially in the

twelfth segment.

As I know all the Oligochets which have been found in

this country, both indigenous and imported, I have no hesita-

tion in saying that Anagasfer is a true British representative

of the subfamily Criodriline.

Definition: Anagaster fontinalis, sp. n.

Length 2 inches, segments 100. Girdle on segments 21,

22-32, 33, saddle-shaped, and very conspicuous. ‘Tubercular

band on segments 29-31; these segments, as well as 11-14,

being more tumid. Male pores, with large papilla extending

over the two adjoining segments, on 15. No head-pore or

dorsal pores, calciferous, cesophageal, septal, or coelomic

glands. ‘Typhlosole with valve-like arrangement. Seminal

vessels in segments 9-12, Large heart to vascular system in

the tenth segment. Setee paired, not ornamented. Sperma-

thecse appear to be absent; no muscular gizzard; pharynx

modified laterally.

Hab. Taken trom a well at North Terrace, Mildenhall,

Suffolk, June 1907.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

(1) Benuam, W.B. “A new Genus of Aquatic Oligocheta,” Q. J.

Mier. Se. n. 8. xxxiv. 1892-3, pp. 155-179, pls. xix., xx.

(2) Ersen, G. ‘ Pacific Coast Oligocheta,” Mem. Calif. Acad. ii. 1896,

pp. 123-198, pls. i.-xii.

(3) Frienp, HttpErIc, “ Bionomics of English Oligocheta,” Science

Progress, no. 29, 1913, p. 111.

(4) Ai ete of British Earthworms,” Zoologist, May 1911,

189 ref.

(5) MrcHaELsEn, W. ‘ Das Tierreich,’ x. 1900 (Oligocheeta).

(6) SmitH, Frank. Bull. Ill. Lab. iv. 1895, p. 142.

XII.— New Species of Palearctic Simuliidee in the British

Museum (Diptera Nematocera). By F,. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Simulium (Prosimulium) gallii, sp. n., 2.

Very similar to S. (P.) hirtipes, Fries, in structure and

coloration, differing only as follows :—Front distinctly

broader than in hirtpes, very little narrower at the level of

142 Mr. F. W. Edwards on eis

the antenne than at the vertex. Pubescence of thorax and

abdomen rather finer than in A7rt/pes, while on thorax, abdo-

men, and legs the pubescence is brighter yellow, almost

golden, not dull yellowish white as in hertipes. Femora

yellowish on the basal half or more. All tibia conspicuously

yellowish in the middle, basal and apical sixths black. Tarsi

entirely black (as in S. hirtipes).

SWITZERLAND: Canton du Valais—Gruben, 1847 wm.,

vill. 1920, and Lac de Champex, 1465 m., ix. 1920 (Prof.

Galli- Valerio). The collector writes: ‘* They were in swarms

and very unpleasant, entering into the nose, mouth, and eyes,

but I was never bitten.”

‘Type and eight other females presented to the British

Museum by the collector; others returned to him. ‘The

other European species, which probably, though not certainly,

belong to’ the subgenus (rufum, Mg., ferrugineum, Wahlg.,

and pallipes, Fries), are quite distinct; macropyga, Lundst.,

is no doubt a Prosimulium, but is known only in the male

sex, and may not be distinct from hértipes. None of these

four species are represented in the British Museum collection,

Stmulium (Prosimulium) fulvipes, sp. ., 2.

Closely related to S. (P.) hirtipes, Fries, and S. (P.) gallia,

sp. u., differing as follows:—Front wider than in hirtipes,

but narrower than in gall, being about one and a half times

as broad at the vertex (that is, between the angles of the eyes)

as it is at the level of the antenne (in Scottish examples of

hirtipes it is almost twice as broad between the angles of the

eyes as it isjust above the antennee). Pubescence of thorax

rather yellower than in Airé?pes, but not so distinetly golden

nor so dense as in gallit. Scutellum reddish, Femora and

tibia almost entirely yellowish, only the bases and tips of

the latter dark ; bases of metatarsi also distinctly yellowish,

at least on four front legs; second joint of hind tarsi also

more or less yellowish at the base. Costal veins paler than

in hirtipes or gall.

BULGARIA: Mt. Rila, 2000 m., 2. ix. 1906 (Prof. Schisch-

kof ).

Type and two other females presented to the British

Museum by the collector.

A female trom Thues les Bains, Pyr. Or., 8. France,

26. vi. 1900 (Lord Walsingham), may be conspecific, but

lacks the pale bases to the anterior metatarsi. This may

possibly be Meigen’s 8. rujipes, which, however, is described

as having a reddish-brown abdomen.

Species of Talwaretic Simuliidee. 143

Simulium (s. str.) gracilipes, sp. n., 2.

Hlead: face yellowish brown, heavily dusted with pale

grey. Front broad, almost parallel-sided, darker in colour

than the face, slightly shining, with bluish metallic reflections

in certain lights. Back of head dull dark grey, with fine

yellowish pubescence. Proboscis yellow ; antennee and palpi

yellow except at the tips. Thorax: anterior margin of meso-

notum rather broadly yellowish, covered with a silvery

dusting, when viewed from in front; viewed from the same

angle there is alsoa narrow median longitudinal silvery stripe

extending backwards one-third of the length of the meso-

notum, where it broadens out almost to the width of the

mesonotum and is just connected with a pair of silvery spots

which are almost surrounded by velvety black. Viewed from

behind the distribution of the silvery and black colours is

reversed, Posterior half of mesonotum blackish grey, slightly

shining. Pubescence sparse, tine and yellowish. Pleure

dark, grey-dusted, bare except for the usual small hair-tuft.

Scutellum reddish. Abdomen: fringe of first segment short,

pale. Second tergite silvery at sides. Third to fifth segments

dull black ; sixth to ninth tergites brown, slightly shining.

Legs mainly yellow. Front coxze, femora, and tibiee entirely

yellow, the last with a just perceptible silvery dusting on the

outer side. Front tarsi blackish ; the metatarsus noticeably

paler towards the base, long and narrow, scarcely at all

enlarged vertically, with a pair of long hairs at its tip; a

single long hair at the tip of the third joint. Middle legs

yellow ; the coxe# and the tips of the tarsal joints dark.

Hind coxe dark; femora yellow, indistinctly darkened at the

tip; tibiz yellow, rather indistinctly darkened near base,

along outer margin, and at tip; first two tarsal joints yellow,

with dark tips, last three entirely dark. Claws all simple,

vather large. Wings normal. Halteres clear yellow.

Length of body 3°5 mm.

Morocco: Fez, May 1909, on mule (Major C. LH. P.

Fowler, Lt. A.M.C.) ; a single female.

A very distinct species, probably belonging to the S. or-

natum group, but with no very close ally in the Palzearctic

fauna, but approaching S.subornatum in some respects. The

slender front tarsi are distinctive. The specimen appears

to be somewhat immature ; when fully hardened the dark

markings of the legs might be rather more extensive.

144 Geological Society.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 17th, 1920.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Eeology of Plants from the Westphalian and the Lower Part

of the Staffordian Series of Clydach Vale and Gilfach Goch

(East Glamorgan).’ By David Davies, F.G.S.

A generic record has been made of 45,000 plants taken from ten

horizons of the Westphalian and the lower part of the Staffordian

Series of Clydach Vale and Gilfach Goch. The ten horizons

are in ascending order: Five-Foot, Middle Yard, Upper Yard,

Nine-Foot, Red, Six-Foot, Four-Foot, Two-Foot-Nine, Pentre,

and Abergorky.

It is found that, for any one horizon, the generic proportion

yemains constant, even though examination of shales was made

4000 yards apart; but, when the horizons are taken vertically,

there is often a complete alteration in the balance.

Equisetales are found to be the dominant forms on four of the

ten horizons, Filicaleson three, Pteridosperms on three, Lycopodiales

on two, Cordaitales on one. A notable fact is that, when Lyco-

podialés are dominant, the Filicales and Pteridosperms are rare,

and vice versa.

It is believed that physical changes occurred in the past, causing

the altered balance of the plants throughout the ten horizons,

and that, whereas low lands and swampy conditions favoured

Lycopodiales, elevated land probably favoured the Filicales and

Pteridosperms.

It seems that a cycle of more or less elevated land prevailed

from the Five-Foot Seam times to the Six-Foot Seam times, followed

by a cycle of depression, which extended from the Two-Foot-Nine

Seam times to the Pentre-Seam times, and that a further cycle of

ye-elevation of land-surface prevailed from the Abergorky-Seam

times to the No. 2 Rhondda-Seam times.

At the base of the Staffordian Series a lithological change

occurs, accompanied by the incoming of smooth rounded pebbles of

coal, and by an influx of new species; this suggests the probable

presence of a geological and paleontological break at this horizon.

“LONDON, EDINBURGH, he DUBLIN

puILosornioat. ec). ee

ADD

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.

Conducted by

Be he by OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, DSc. “LED; RRSE

SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, O.M., MA. Se.D., _ELR.S.,

: JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Sc., F.B.S., EGS,

RICHARD. TAUNTON FRANCIS, and

WILLIAM FRANCIS, i LS.

fe Published the First Duy of ever y Month. —Bs, 6d. nett.

- THE:

ANNALS: ‘AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, |

Ee | including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. :

a f Conducted by : ree

Bee “WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R. S. F. ti s. E.GS. rf

ee ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G. B. E., M. A., Se. D., E.R.S., F.Z,8., and

es RICHARD de, FRANCIS, F. Z. S.

: i

; a ee

a Founded in 1877. ss Monthly, Be. dnwual Subser ae 203, .

THE OBSERVATORY,

E. A M NTHLY REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY.

ug ’ Sy. Mdited Byte eM

J. M. STRATTON, MA,

. JONES, M.A., BiSo.: and .

“JACKSON, M.A., BSc.

clude most of the leading English- Satins Astronomers,

‘e an interesting reflection of the erpeteee of astronomical

thought and. achievement. —

- Price ‘Qs. nett. “Annual Subser iption,

and Hoey. &e., Se.

AgK ecsudlestnte bf EDictivicien, ovine. i RR

ie e see Sate eho Notes on Pla

Utes Mr. G. E. Peake oth

vn Undeserit ed Spec bos af at an

al the British Museum (Natu

. I. Subfamil;

bana, : U,

oe pie : : -

India. By S. A: Ronw:

U. 8. pteen Muaey:

. “INCLUDING. .

‘ZOOLOGY, BOTANY g CAND GEOLOGY.

CONDUCTED BY

WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R. 8. F.1. 8,1 E.GS.,

AND

RICHARD di FRANCIS, F. Z.S8.

Set "BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE “* ANNALS” COMBINED WITH

ee ‘MESSRS. LOUDON ND CHARLESWORTH’S €s MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.”

| | I ARTHUR H, SHIPLEY, G.B. Bs. ILA., So. D., F.RS., F. ZS

Serta

WITH ONE PLATE.

4 D. F. Gilchrist’s Paper on the Heoproduetion of

-. Deep-sea Fishes.

“LONDON:

cls, RED LION COURT, FLEEE STREEY.

e, Pans: and nd Hodges, Fisgis, & Co., Dublin,

SCIENTIFIC BOOKS AND SERIALS.

HN WHELDON & CO. have the largest stock in the country of Books

1 Departments of Natural History and Science, also Transactions and Journals

earned Societies, etc., in sets, runs, and single volumes or numbers.

ibraries or small parcels purchased.

SEPARATE CATALOGUES ON ALL SUBJECTS

Twopence each, post free.

38 GREAT QUEEN STREET, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C. 2.

Telephone: Gerrard 1432.

Just Published.

LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF INDIA.

Part I., Vol. III. Price 2ls.

By Lieut.-Col. H. H. GODWIN-AUSTEN, F.R.S., &e.

With 7 Plates and 65 pages Text, with Descriptions of many new

Species belonging to the Genus Guessura.

TAaYLor and Frawcts, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, H.C. 4.

Price 21s.

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA

(Including Ceylon and Burma).

Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council.

Medium 8vo, with Text Illustrations.

COLEOPTERA Sea eee:

Taytor & Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, H.C. 4.

Rates for Advertisements in the Annals and

Magazine of Natural History.

One Six Twelve

Insertion. Insertions. Insertions,

PAGE - - - - 3370) 3.0 25 Qeach 210 Qeach

HALF-PAGE - - be) Reais 3! ADO: :,; 1 Tee All

QUARTER-PAGE - 18 0 1 es 15 0 ,, (Net.

EIGHTH-PAGE - 10 O +2 BT 0 Figs S23: O86; 3

All applications for space to be made to

Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[NINTH SERIES.]

No. 88. FEBRUARY 1921.

eayeemian Histitay

+“

( FEB 23 1921

lay o r-

he.

XIII.— On a new Chelonian from the Kimmeridge

Swindon. By CHartes W. ANpbREws, D.Sc.,

(British Museum, Natural History).

‘

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE Chelonian remains which are the subject of the present

notice were collected by Mr. A. D. Passmore in 1905. They

were found at a depth of 12-14 feet in blue Kimmeridge Clay

near the south-east corner of the Recreation Ground, Swindon,

and close to the spot from which the skeleton of Omosaurus

armatus was obtained some years before ; remains of Ichthyo-

saurus and Steneosaurus were also found in the immediate

neighbourhood. ‘The carapace and plastron, which are both

well preserved, were lying in natural association, and from

the included and surrounding matrix a number of bones

of the skeleton were collected, adding greatly to the value of

the specimen, which, in fact, appears to be by far the most

complete Chelonian ever obtained from this horizon in

England, although very numerous and complete specimens

have been described by Riitimeyer and others from con-

temporary deposits in France, Germany, and Switzerland.

The carapace (fig. 1) is broadly cordate in outline, its length

(351 mm.) in the middle line being slightly less than its

greatest width (390 mm.), which occurs about the level of the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 10

146 Dr. ©. W. Andrews on

seventh marginals. The width has clearly been somewhat

exaggerated by the flattening that the shell has undergone,

but probably even in an uncrushed state the convexity of the

carapace was comparatively slight. The anterior border is

concave in the middle; then, external to this, the outline as

far as the ninth marginal forms nearly the are of a circle;

Tholemys passmorei, gen. et sp.n. Diagram of dorsal aspect of the

carapace of the type-specimen. j nat. size.

¢,-¢,, costal shields; W\—N;, neural bones; Nw., nuchal bone; zw., nuchal

shield; Pyg., pygal bone; S.pg.', S.pg.’, first and second supra-

pygal bones ; v1-v5, vertebral shields.

behind this there is a slight concavity and the posterior

border of the shell is broadly convex.

The nuchal bone has a concave anterior border ; its width

(104 mm.) is about three times its length on the middle line.

The first neural bone seems to have been comparatively

a new Chelonian. 147

small and four-sided, the next six were hexagonal in outline,

the antero-lateral border being very short; these six neurals

(2-7) decrease in length from before backwards. The form

and relations of the last neural are obscured by fractures, anc

it cannot be seen whether it met the upper suprapygal or not.

This latter is nearly triangular in outline, with rounded

postero-lateral angles ; it is about as wide as it is long. The

lower suprapygal is much wider than long, and its anterior

border is longer than the posterior, which unites with the

rectangular pygal.

The anterior costal plate is comparatively large ; its poste-

rior border is about 103 mm. long, and externally it meets

the first and second marginals. ‘The second and third costals

widen somewhat towards their outer end. The fourth costal

is the longest (147 mm.), about three and a half times its

width. The next four costals shorten successively, and all

widen toward their outer ends.

The marginals are large and take a considerable share in

the formation of the carapace, especially in the hinder region,

where in the case of the eighth and ninth their width (55 mm.)

is greater than their length (45 mm.) measured along the

edge of the shell ; in this region they are about twice as wide

as the marginal shields. Marginals 2-8 form the support

of the plastral bridge ; in 4, 5, and 6 the ventral portion of

the bone makes an angle of a little less than a right angle

with the dorsal portion, so that the edge of the shell in this

region was very blunt; behind this the angle becomes more

acute, till behind the bridge the carapace has a sharp edge.

The sternal chambers must have been large.

The rib of the first costal is well developed, and at the

outer end of the plate there is a strongly developed facet for

union with the upward prolongation of the hyoplastral bone

forming the anterior buttress. The facet for the posterior

(hyposternal) buttress is borne mainly by the fifth costal, but

in part also by the sixth costal and eighth marginal. The

eighth costal bears a roughened prominence, evidently for

union with the upper end of the ilium.

The nuchal epidermal shield was small, being very narrow

from before backwards, ‘lhere were twelve pairs of marginal

shields, much narrower than the marginal bones, with which

they alternate. The anterior vertebral shield is about 108 mm.

wide by 33 mm. long. The next three vertebral shields are

rather wider, and their length is about two-thirds of the

width. The last is nearly semicircular in outline. The form

of the costal shields and their relations to the surrounding

elements will be best understood from the figure. All the

. he

148 Dr. GC. W. Andrews on

grooves marking the limits of the epidermal shields are

rather faintly marked; this is especially noticeable on the

plastron.

The plastron (fig. 2) is nearly completely preserved, wanting

only a part of the right epiplastral and the extremities of the

xiphiplastrals. The latter loss is unfortunate, because it makes

it impossible to be sure whether the posterior end of the

plastron was notched as in Pleurosternum, but I believe that

Sat,

PS ce. aN

SSD att

eee

Ayp.p ? _ gee rete,

m4,

ae ee.

al : At

as the

Tholemys passmorei, gen.etsp.u. Diagram of ventral aspect of plastron.

< nat. size.

abd., abdominal shield; av., anal shield; Ent., entoplastron; Ep., epi-

plastra; g., gular shield; %., humeral shield; Hy.p., hyo-

plastron; Hyp.p., hypoplastra; ¢g., mtergular shield; «@m.,

inframarginal shields ; pect., pectoral shield; Xz.p., xiphiplastron.

it was not. The length of the plastron is approximately

310 mm., the length of the bridge 132 mm., the width of the

anterior lobe at its middle point 125 mm. The hyo- and

hypoplastral buttresses are strongly developed, especially the

latter; their points of attachment to the carapace have been

noticed above. ‘There seems to have been no central vacuity

in the plastron.

a new Chelonian. 149

The ento- and epiplastra are relatively small. The former

Is semicircular in outline posteriorly, while in front it is

bounded by two nearly straight borders meeting at a very

obtuse angle and abutting against the epiplastra, which meet

on the middle line in front of it. The suture between the

hyo- and hypoplastra crosses the middle of the bridge; there

is no trace of a mesoplastron. ‘The suture between the hypo-

and xiphiplastra starts from about the middle of the posterior

lobe ; it first runs directly outwards, then turns sharply

forwards for a short distance, and then backwards again to

the margin. The anterior lobe is broadly rounded in front,

its sides being nearly parallel; the posterior lobe narrows

gradually backwards, and probably terminated in a blunt

point as in the Hmys jaccardi of Pictet.

There were gular and intergular epidermal shields, but

whether the latter was single or paired cannot be made out.

‘he form and relations of the shields*are shown in fig. 2;

it may be noted that the anal shields are entirely confined to

the xiphiplastral bone and that externally the pectoral and

abdominal shields are bordered by a series of inframarginal

shields, at least four in number.

On the upper surface of the xiphiplastron, towards its outer

and posterior edge, there is an obscure oval, slightly depressed,

and roughened scar, more distinctly shown on the right than

on the left side; this no doubt marks the point of contact with

the lower end of the pubis, with which, however, no fusion

took place.

‘he plastron, as a whole, is much more massively con-

structed than one would expect from the carapace; thus, on

the middle line the hypoplastron is about 20 mm. in thickuess,

forming a distinct prominence on the inner surface.

The whole surface of the carapace is covered with irregu-

larly rounded pits of varying size. These do not appear to

represent a real sculpture, but to result from the action of

local decomposition. Riitimeyer* has described similar pits

in some shells of Plesiochelys, and suggested that they were

formed by the decomposition of nodules of pyrites. It this is

the explanation, it is, however, curious that these pits, while

very numerous on the outer surface of the carapace, do not

occur on the inner side. On the plastron only a few pits of

rather larger size are developed.

A certain number of limb-bones, vertebrae, and fragments

of skull were found associated with the shell. The skull-

fragments are too imperfect for description. Of the fore limb

* “ Die fossilen Schildkréten von Solothurn,” Neue Denksch. Schweiz.

Gesellsch. Naturwiss, vol. xxv. (1878) p. 84.

150 Dr. C. W. Andrews on

and shoulder-girdle there are present the imperfect right and

left scapule and coracoids, together with a left humerus wanting

the middle of the shaft. The right scapula (fig. 3, 2) is complete

with the exception of the end of the blade. The articular

end is borne on a well-defined neck ; the rugose surface for

union with the coracoid is triangular in outline, while the

glenoid surface is rather greater than half a circle, and is not

concave, but flat, or even slightly convex; it was probably

covered with cartilage in life. The precoracoid process and

the blade of the scapula diverge at an angle a little greater

than a right angle ; they are both flattened. The scapula is

very like that of Parachelys figured by v. Meyer *.

The coracoids (fig. 8, 3) are represented by the proximal

portion of the right and the expanded distal part of the

left. The articular end is crushed, but it can be seen that

with that of the scapula it formed a nearly flat oval glenoid

surface. The distal portion of the coracoid is much expanded,

as in Glyptops, Chelys, and the Testudinide.

The humerus (fig. 3, 7) is represented by the two ends of the

bone of the left side ; its length cannot be determined. The

head is massive and rounded, very similar to that seen in

Testudo. ‘The ulnar crest, which is somewhat incomplete at its

summit, is much smaller than in Testudo, rises less beyond the

head, and is not deflected downwards. ‘he radial crest is much

smaller and is deflected on to the surface of the bone beneath

the head. Distally the ectepicondylar groove and foramen

lie close to the radial border. The distal articulation is

divided by a groove into two convexities (for the radius and

ulna), as also happens in Glyptops according to Hay (‘ Fossil

Turtles of North America, p. 51). In some respects this

humerus approaches that of Plewrosternum, but has undergone

considerably less modification in the direction of adaptation

for swimming.

One alzwm is preserved ; the contracted shaft is roughly

trihedral in section; both ends are much expanded, the upper,

which is somewhat imperfect, bearing a roughened surface

for union with the carapace, while the lower, which is still

larger, bears the usual facets for the pubis, ischium, and

acetabulum.

An imperfect pubis was found ; it is much crushed and its

median process is broken off. At its lower end it terminates

in a roughened oval facet, which was no doubt in contact

with the corresponding facet on the xiphiplastral.

* €Palsontographica,’ vol. xi. (1864) pl. xlv. figs. 2-4.

a new Chelonian. LO

Two or three imperfect cervical vertebre (fig. 3, 4, 4a) are

preserved. The ends of their centra are circular in outline and

are deeply concave, asin some of the Amphichelydians (e. g.,

Pleurosternidse). The ventral portions of the sides of the

centra are pinched in, so as to form a strong hypapophysial

Tholemys passmoret, gen,et sp. un. 1, upper end of left humerus ; 2, right

scapula; 3, right coracoid (outline completed from left) ;

4, cervical vertebra from side, and (4a) from back. Nat. size.

b., blade of scapula ; ¢.s., coracoidal facet of scapula; gi., glenoid surface

of coracoid and scapula; #., head of humerus; hyp., hypapo-

physis; n.a., base of neural arch; pe.p., precoracoid process of

scapula; 7.c., radial condyle; s.s., scapular facet of coracoid ;

t.p., transverse process; u.c., ulnar condyle,

ridge, rather more prominent towards the posterior than

towards the anterior end. ‘There are short, stout, transverse

processes towards the posterior end, arising just beneath the

base of the neural arch, which seems to have been rather

massive at its base; the upper part of the arch with the

152 On a new Chelonian.

zygapophysis is broken away. These vertebra seem to agree

very well with those of Glyptops described by Hay (‘ Fossil

Turtles of North America,’ p. 49).

The dimensions of the more complete of the two cervical

vertebree are :—Length of centrum 13°5 mm., width of poste-

rior articular surface § mm., width between ends of transverse

processes 17 mm.

There seems to be no doubt that the turtle above described

should be referred to the group Amphichelydia, as defined

~by Lydekker and Baur; the absence of fusion of the pelvic

bones with the xiphiplastra, the concavity of the anterior

border of the nuchal bone, and the presence of amphiccelous

cervical vertebrae separate it from the Pleurodira. The

absence of mesoplastra is unusual in the Amphichelydia, but

occurs in the Plesiochelyide, a family which Hay and others

refer to that group.

In its general form this specimen is very similar to the

turtle described and figured by Riitimeyer * as Plestochelys

jaccardi, but in details of structure there are considerable

differences—e. g., in the form of the vertebral shields,—which

in the present specimen diminish in size from the second to

the fourth, while in Riitimeyer’s specimen the second and

fourth are larger than the third. The form of the anterior

lobe of the plastron is also very different.

_ The specimen described and figured by Riitimeyer as

Plesiochelys jaccardi differs in several respects from the original

Emys jaccardi of Pictet +, and is probably really a different

species. Pictet’s species differs considerably from our speci-~

men in (1) the much greater width of the vertebral shields,

(2) in the form of the anterior lobe of the plastron and parti-

cularly of the entoplastral bone. I regard our specimen as

specifically distinct from both MRiitimeyer’s and Pictet’s

specimens. As to its generic reference, there is considerable

difficulty. Riitimeyer, in his definition of the genus Plesio-

chelys, states that the pelvis is united with the plastron, and

although, so far as I can find, he gives no figure or description

of such a union in the case of the type-specics P. solodurensis,

he does figure the posterior part of a plastron of P. etalloni in

which such a union took place (op. cit. pl. viii. fig. 8). Since

in our specimen the contact of the pubis with the xiphi-

plastron is only indicated by an obscure facet, it seems

* “Die fossilen Schildkr6ten von Solothurn,” Neue Denksch. Schweiz.

naturg. Gesellsch. Bd. xxv. (1878) pls. ii. and iii.

+ “Reptiles et Poissons du Jura Neuchatelois,” Matériaux pour la

Paléontologie Suisse, sér. iii. 1, p. 15, pls, i,-iii.

On a new Species of Thamnodrilus. 153

impossible to refer it to the genus Plestochelys, although in

its general structure it seems closely allied. It will probably

be best to refer it to a new genus—Tholemys,—its specific

name being Tholemys passmorei, in honour of Mr. A. D.

Passmore, the discoverer of this valuable specimen. Possibly

Tholemys may represent a primitive condition through which

the Plesiochelyid passed before fusion between the pelvis

and xiphiplastra became established.

XIV.—On a new Species of the Oligochate Genus Thamno-

drilus (Beddard), with Notes on Th. gulielmi. By FRANK

K. Bepparp, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.

THIS genus was originally described by myself*, subsequently

referred to one or other of Perrier’s genera Anteus and Rhino-

drilus, and lastly restored (by Michaelsen) to its original

position Tt. ‘The species now number some forty-five or so,

and all of them are dealt with by Michaelsen in the memoir

referred to below, and (up to the year 1906) by Cognetti in

his comprehensive work upon the Oligocheta of the Neo-

tropical region}. The species upon which I here report

appears to me to be new, though most nearly related to

Th. columbianus of Michaelsen and to Th. darienanus. To

the describer of the latter, Luigi Cognetti de Martiis, I

dedicate the present form, and name it Thamnodrilus cognettii.

The material for the following account I owe to the kindness

of Mr. R. H. Burne, Physiological Curator of the Royal

College of Surgeons, who was so good as to hand over to me

a number of examples of this South-American worm, none of

which were at the same time fully mature and complete in

length. The largest and most complete individual was some

8 inches long and 12 mm. in breadth at the broadest part of

the body (head end). A fragment of another individual

indicated a still larger specimen, as the clitellum was 14 or

15 mm. in diameter,

The prostomium is broad. The jirst two segments are

* “On the Structure of a new Genus of Lumbricide (Thamnodrilus

gulielmt),” Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 154.

+t “Die Lumbriciden,” Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst. xli; 1917, p.1. I

am greatly indebted to Prof. J. Stephenson for allowing me the use of a

copy of this publication.

{ “Gli Oligocheti della regione neotropicale,” Mem. R. Acc. Sci.

Torino, pt. ii, 1906, p. 147,

154 Dr. F. E. Beddard on a

narrow and subequal, both together about equalling in length

the third. These three segments are to be also distinguished

by longitudinally and irregularly furrowed skin, that of the

ensuing segments being taut. The fourth segment is either

equal to or about a third longer than the third. Segments

4-13 are ridged at or about the middle line.

The sete are strictly paired throughout the body, and do not

diverge posteriorly into wider couples. Nor are they larger

on the posterior segments. These sete are ornamented.

The ventral pair do not commence until the seventh segment.

The dorsal are not to be seen until either the twenty-seventh

or twenty-eighth segment.

The nephridiopores are in front of the dorsal pair of sete,

but not always in front of one or other of those sete; their

position may correspond to the interspace between the two

setee.

The cltellum—saddle-shaped, as in other species of the

genus—was only to be seen in two examples. In both of

these it ended with the twenty-sixth segment; but it is

less certain where it begins. I should say that certainly the

sixteenth, and possibly the fifteenth, was the anterior segment.

As is also at least usual in the genus, the region of the

clitellum which bears the tubercula pubertatis has a wide

interspace (occupying all the space between the tubercula)

where clitellar tissue is not developed; anteriorly it is not

quite so distinct.

Though it may be difficult to map with accuracy the

segments of the clitellum, the boundaries of the tubercula

pubertatis give room for no doubt. They occupy segments

20-25 (as in Th. benhami alone among those enumerated by

Michaelsen *), from end to end of which the flat translucent

grey band representing these structures extends. It is borne

upon a raised fold just outside of the ventral pair of sete,

and this ridge may just reach on to the nineteenth and

twenty-sixth segment at each end. It is important to note

that the tubercula, which are interrupted at the intersegmental

furrows, do not vary in the three individuals, since it would

appear from Michaelsen’s Tables t that a dozen or so of the

species of the genus do vary slightly in this particular. It

may be, however, that this only refers to the ridge which

bears the actual tubercula pubertatis.

The genital sete occur on the segments of the clitellum and

also apparently on two segments in front of this. They are

associated with, and emerge from the centre of, circular

* Loc. cit. t Loe. cit. pp. 58-81.

new Species of Thamnodrilus. 155

papillz, which surround one of or both of certain of the

ventral pairs af setze.

These genital papille (see also below, p. 159), though not

very conspicuous, cannot be missed on a careful examination.

They seem to be flat, and each one is associated with one seta

of the pair only. On the posterior of the clitellar segments,

viz., segments 20—24—nearly coextensive, therefore, with the

tubercula pubertatis,—each papilla extends round the outer-

most seta of the ventral pair only. It is circular in shape,

and is greyish white centrally, with a blackish periphery.

Papillee are also found on segments 16-19 inclusive, but

their arrangement is in these segments a little different from

that which obtains in segments 20-24, for in the anterior

segments both of the ventral pair of sete: are surrounded by a

papilla, the two coming into contact, so that there appears to

be one papilla, and that of a figure-of-eight shape, surrounding

the pair. Further forward still—namely, on segments 10

and 11—are also papille, and those are figure-of-eight shape

as in segments 16-19. There are two final remarks to be

made about these papillee: firstly, their different character in

different regions of the genital area, and, secondly, the fact

that they are quite as well developed in one of the three

specimens which showed them, which had no clitellum, as in

the two others where the clitellum was fully developed *.

I was quite unable to detect the external apertures of the

spermathecz, the sperm-ducts, and the oviducts.

The internal organs were not in a very good state of

preservation, but it has proved possible to settle the cha-

racters of most of those which are used for the distinction of

the different species of the genus. As in many species the

four intersegmental sépta dividing segments 6/10 are thickened

and lie successively within each other, like a series of cups.

In front of the first of these, however, is a thin and delicate

septum, actually the first visible, and, as I believe, separating

segments 5/6. This is apparently not a common arrange-

ment in the genus, since Cognetti f especially calls attention

to it in Th. beddardi. It was, however, very clear in one

specimen, and less so—though, I think, present—in a second.

As the specimen in which this septum was quite obvious was

immature and had developed no clitellum, tubercula pubertatis,

or genital papilla, I cannot be absolutely certain that it is of

an identical species. It is noteworthy that the four strong

* It must be pointed out, however, that this only applies to the

clitellar area, for in the two, examples with a developed clitellum the

anterior segments (including 10 and 11) were deficient.

+ Loe. cit. p. 225.

156 Dr. F. E. Beddard on a

septa in front are not tied together with “tendons,” as is so

often the case in earthworms. After these thickened septa

there are three very delicate ones which separate segments

10/13. After them, again, are a series of stronger septa, but

nothing like so much thickened as the anterior set already

described. The former commence with that dividing

segments 13/14, and the next few (say, five or six) are also

very strongly marked, gradually fading away in successive

segments into the delicate septa which are usual in the

posterior region of the body.

The pharyna is attached to the parietes by a number of

rather flat muscle-bundles well marked out as such. The

wsophagus is thin-walled and passes into the gizzard suddenly ;

there are no muscle-bands connecting the cesophagus with

the gizzard, termed by Cognetti “‘ nastri””—that is, ribbons, as

I suppose *. The gizzard, as in all these worms, lies in the

sixth segment. The calciferous glands are stout and furnished

with a conical and separated appendix, which is often, but

not always, blackish, due, as has been pointed out, to blood-

vessels. ‘he calciferous glands are in segments 7-14 in-

clusive, and thus number the usual eight pairs. They arise

ventrally from the cesophagus and end dorso-laterally. The

intestine begins in segment 18. It is remarkable for a very

large typhlosole, which seems to resemble that of 7h. columbz-

anus, but to differ from it in many details, indicative, as

I think (among other characters), of specific difference. I

examined the typhlosole in two specimens. It is very large

and thick, and has a corrugated appearance, being furrowed

and thus divided into lobes. The typhlosole begins a little

‘way down the intestine and ends about halfway down the

body. It has thus a length of something like one quarter of

the entire length of the worm. It also begins and ends

abruptly. The beginning and ending of the typhlosole

consists of a thick and quite smooth fold of the dorsal gut-

wall. It rapidly increases to a considerable depth and

becomes covered with secondary folds, divided—necessaril y—

by corresponding furrows. Of these, which are rounded

angled rhomboids in form, there are three to four on each side

to a vertical row, and one median ventral.

In front of and behind this thick and complex typhlosole I

did not detect a slight ridge, such as might represent an

unspecialized region of the fold. I am inclined to think that

the typhlosole is limited as here described. Michaelsen’s

* See Coonetti, loc. cit. tay. i. fig. 12, n.v.e.

NS ee a

new Species of Thamnodrilus. 157

description of the typhlosole in Th. columbianus * shows that

there must be a considerable similarity between the two

species here compared. But his description is not full, and

it would appear that in Th. columbianus the organ begins in

segment 18 with the commencement of the large intéstine.

In a few other species Michaelsen has noted the large size of

the typhlosole; in 7. huwald, for instance, it is longer (in

transverse section) than the diameter of gut, and thus lies

in a bent position, while in Th. friderict it is also big and

curved like the letter “ 87’ T.

It is interesting to note that in a transverse section of the

typhlosole of Th. cognetti the axis is seen to run in a zigzag

of several curves, thus producing the lateral dilatations. But

the curve cannot be unravelled, the walls of the several parts

adhering and being fused. The mode of origin of this

peculiar typhlosole is perhaps thus shown—i. e., a simple fold

curved upon itself several times for the purpose of stowage.

A subsequent and more complete fusion between the various

layers would produce a central axis and lateral outgrowths.

Such a metamorphosis would therefore produce the complex

typhlosole of Hormogaster f. -

As in other species of the genus, the dorsal vessel of

Th. cognetti is dilated in certain segments and with unequal

dilatations. There are five of the swellings of the dorsal

vessel altogether, which lie in segments 15-19.

Those of 15 and 16 are not very marked ; those of 17 and

18 are much larger, while that of 19 is again not very large.

The dorsal vessel suddenly narrows to its usual dimensions

in segment 20. The dntestinul hearts are in 10 and 11, as in

so many species ; I do not think that there was a pair of

hearts in 12, but in so poorly preserved specimens I am

unwilling to be quite certain in statement. The two pairs

mentioned are pear-shaped, dorsally suddenly diminishing to

anarrow “stalk,” which is their communication with the

supra-cesophageal trunk.

The most anterior nephridia lie along the sides of the

cesophagus, and are large and conspicuous “ peptonephridia.”

The next pair appeared to be in segment 5, and thereafter

these organs were to be found in every segment. The ante-

rior nephridia, as is usual in the genus, have no cecum,

* Zool. Jahrb. t, c. p. 185.

+ Loe. cit. p. 148.

} Rosa, “Sulla Struttura dello Hormogaster redii,” Mem. R. Ace. Sci.

Torino, xxxix. 1888, fig. 3 of plate.

158 Dr. F. E. Beddard on a

which is to be found in the posterior series. But the exact

segment in which the change takes place I am not able to fix.

The genitalia show no characters of unusual interest. The

sperm-reservoirs are “ peri-cesophageal,” as in certain species

of the genus, and there are two tongue-shaped pairs of sperm-

sacs. I did not find the spermathece or their external

pores. But as the only specimen with fully developed

clitellum lacked this region of the body, and the specimen

with fully developed genital papillae &c. had no clitellum, I

did not like to cut the body-wall to ascertain whether the sacs

were present.

Remarks.—The tables of specific characters given by

Michaelsen * appear to include all of the species of this genus

which have been described, and they greatly facilitate the

task of identification. J abstract from the foregoing account

of my species the following four characters, which only occur,

all of them together, in four of the species enumerated by

Michaelsen, in which species alone there is a—so far—close

likeness with the worm described in the present paper, viz. :

(1) Setee strictly paired up to end of body. (2) Tubercula

pubertatis forming a ridge on segments 20-25 inclusive (or

about). (3) Septa dividing segments 6/10 thickened and

enclosed cupwise within each other, followed by delicate

septa. (4) The testicular sacs extend dorsaily so as to cover

or nearly cover the esophagus of the segments in which they

occur. The species in question are Zh. columbiunus, Mich.f,

Th. darienanus, Cogn., Th. magnus, Cogn., Th. beddardi,

Cogn. f.

The last three species also certainly agree closely with my

species, in that they possess at least slightly thickened septa

dividing three or four segments, beginning with the thirteenth

or fourteenth. But the details will be found to differ, from

those set forth by myself above, in Th, magnus and Th. bed-

dardi, while Th. darienanus seems to agree fairly closely in

this matter with my species. Of Zh. columbianus, Michaelsen

does not give any such peculiarities of septa in the neighbour-

hood of segments 13 &e.

Both Th. magnus and Th. beddardi differ by their compa-

ratively slight cephalization, while in Zh. dartenanus the

ventral setae commence in segment 7 and the dorsal in

segment 27, which is the same condition as that which I met

with in my species. But Zh. darienanus has quite different

* Loe. cit. pp. 58-81.

+ “Zur Kenntnis der Geoscoleciden Siidamerikas,” Zool. Anz. xxiii.

1900, p. 53.

¢{ Cognetti de Martiis, loc. cit. pp. 213, 222, 224.

new Species of Thamnodrilus. 159

calciferous glands, which are digitiform and without an apical

lobe, and the extent of the tubercula pubertatis and the

genital papille is greater than in my species. There remains

Th. columbianus, which seems to me to be rather nearer to my

species, but still presents points of difference. I am uncertain

whether to regard Michaelsen’s silence about the genital

papilla as evidence that they fail in that species. On the

other hand, the calciferous glands are quite as in my species,

and the ‘‘cephalization”’ shown by the sete appears to be

nearly the same. But Zh. columbianus possesses a longer

strip of tubercula pubertatis, and the typhlosole, thongh

large, is not identical with that described above by myself *,

Some Notes upon Thamnodrilus gulielmi, Beddard.

This species, originally described by myself as quoted

above, has been examined by no other zoologist in so far as

I am aware. But other zoologists—Rosa ft, Cognetti de

Martiis ¢, and Michaelsen §—have referred toand commented

upon my description. I have lately taken the opportunity

of again examining, so far as external characters are con-

cerned, the original specimens upon which my description

was founded ; of these there are two fully mature individuals

in the British Museum collection. I am greatly indebted to

Mr. H. A. Baylis for facilitating my examination of these

specimens. One of these two specimens is the one figured

by me in my memoir upon the species || ; the otber is rather

a smaller example, and shows a slight difference in the size

of the anterior segments. In fact, in this latter smaller

example the first four segments are equisized and considerably

smaller than those which follow, while in the larger example

of the Thamnodrilus the first three are small and the fourth

is as large as those immediately following upon it. I quite

agree with Rosa in regarding the peristomial segment of my

original description as being really the two first segments of

* Thamnodrilus columbianus is described by Michaelsen in the

following :-——“ Zur Kenntnis der Geoscoleciden Siidamerikas,” Zool. Anz.

xxiii. 1900, p. 53; “ Die Terricolen Fauna Columbiens,” Arch. f. Nature.

Ixvi. 1900, p. 244; “Oligocheta” in ‘ Das Thierreich,’ 1900, Berlin,

p- 489; ‘ Die Oligochzten Columbias” in ‘ Voyage d’Exploration scien-

tifique en Colombia,’ Mém. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat. vy, 1913, p. 22; “ Die

Lumbriciden,” Zool. Jahrb. xli. 1917, p. 102.

+ “Contributo allo studio dei Terricoli Neotropicali,” Mem. R. Acc.

Sci. Torino, t. xlv. (ser. 2) 1895, p. 112.

t Loe. cit. p. 202.

§ Loe. ett. pp. 72, 125.

|| Lue. cit. p. 155, fig. 1, p. 157, fig, 2,

160 On a new Species of Thamnodrilus.

the body; but I believe that I missed another segment in

this region of the body, also a very narrow one and apt to be

confused in the larger example with the peristomium and

the immediately succeeding segment. It is clear in the

smaller example.

The smaller specimen, however, is not only smaller, but

apparently more contracted by the preservative reagent

(corrosive sublimate followed by alcohol). Thus the segments

stand out, and I think that this specimen gives a_ plainer

picture of the normal conditions. In any case the tubercula

pubertatis occupied precisely the same number of segments in

both worms—i. ¢é., six (on segments 22-27). In the smaller

specimen the tubercula formed a furrow which was flattened

out in the larger to give the appearance described above in

Th. cognettii. The organ was continuous throughout the six

segments and just overlapped the seventh in the larger worm.

Anteriorly it curved inwards, but was perfectly straight in

the five last segments of those upon which it was developed.

In my original account I did not note the tubercula; but they

are given by Michaelsen in his table of the characters of the

species of Thamnodrilus already referred to. This writer,

however, gives segments 21 to 26 as their range. This is in

accord with my original mapping of the clitellum. From

the commencement of the tubercula the clitellum extends

forward to the beginning or middle of the seventeenth segment.

So late a commencement of the clitellum is not common in

the genus Thamnodrilus, though it is much more common for

the clitellum to extend back, as it does in the present species,

as far as the twenty-seventh. However, in the three species

Th. riveti, Th. tuberculutus, and Th, potarensis the clitellum

begins in the seventeenth, or even in the eighteenth. The

sixteenth isa very usual segment to be the first of the clitellar

series ; but I cannot reconcile this with the segmentation

already referred to. ‘The clitellar modification of the twenty-

seventh segment appears to occupy only the anterior half of

the segment.

In view of the absence of the lateral pairs of sete in

Th. cognettii (and in several other species), I may remark

that I have correctly figured their presence in my paper upon

Th. gulielmi.

I endeavoured to ascertain the presence or absence of

papille, similar to those of Th. cognettii, in the present

species, but without avail. ‘There appear to be none. The

matter is important, because Michaelsen and Cognetti come

to quite different couclusions on the frequency of such

papilla. Michaelsen mentions them in a few species only

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ezotic Muscaride. 161

and in his synoptic table under the heading ‘ Besonder-

heiten,” though a few more examples are referred to in the

ensuing description of the species. Altogether not more

than half a dozen species are characterized by the possession

of these organs. Cognetti, on the other hand, not only

mentions their existence in a larger number of species, but

also particularly states their absence in 7’, ophioides. I am

disposed to think that these papille are very general, but are

not always so clearas in Th. cognetti, and are better visible in

rather softened examples than in well-preserved and opaque

specimens such as those of Zh. gulielmi. The subject

obviously requires further investigation.

XV.—Ewotic Muscaride (Diptera).—T.

By J. R. Mattocn, Urbana, Ill., U.S.A.

Tue material upon which this and succeeding papers of the

series are based belongs to the British Museum and the

Imperial Bureau of Entomology and was submitted to me

for identification by Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall and Mr. F. W.

Edwards.

I have decided that the family Anthomyiide of authors is

not separable from Muscaridz and unite them herein. ‘This

course has been adopted by Stein in some of his recent

papers also, but he has retained for the group the name

Anthomyiide, which is not correct in my opinion, as

Musca and Muscaridz have priority over Anthomyia and

Anthomyiide.

Many of the species dealt with in this and other papers of

the series were originally placed in genera, the genotypes of

which are of Palearctic origin, and in most cases the exotic

forms are not in my opinion congeneric with the Palearctic.

Consequently I have transferred those species to new genera,

citing the genotype and giving a short diagnosis of the genus

in all cases where this has been done.

I intend publishing as part of the series, keys to the

genera of the different faunal areas dealt with as soon as

the material is all identified.

AFRICAN SPECIES.

Subfamily Muscarrma.

Graphomyia aurata, sp. n.

Male,—Head brownish black ; frons, face, cheeks, and

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii, i

162 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.

occiput whitish pruinescent. Thorax and abdomen yellowish

testaceous, with golden-yellow pollinosity, the former with

three slender reddish-yellow vittee when viewed from behind.

Leys coloured as body, tarsi fuscous. Wings clear, veins

brown, yellow at bases.

Eyes hairy, separated by about width of anterior ocellus ;

vibrissal angle produced. Scutellum with 6 marginal and 4

submarginal bristles; bristling and hairing of pleura as in

genotype. Mid-tibia with two posterior bristles ; hind femur

with about six bristles on apical half of antero-ventral surface

and one or two near base on postero-ventral ; hind tibia with

one antero-ventral and one antero-dorsal bristle. Wings as

in genotype.

Length 7°5 mm.

Type, Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, 27. xi. 1912 (Dr. S. Neave).

The only species of the genus so far described which lacks

the usual conspicuous black markings on the thorax and

abdomen. ‘Ihe anterior sterno-pleural bristle is absent.

Subfamily Paaonrryz,

Myiospila maculiventris, sp. n.

Female.—Shining black. Head black, orbits with whitish

pruinescence, when viewed from the side, with a white

pruinescent mark at base of antenne in front of orbital

bristle ; antenne and palpi black. Thorax indistinctly

quadrivittate. Abdomen unicolorous black. Legs black,

hind tibiz slightly reddish. Wings slightly greyish, a very

conspicuous black spot on inner cross-vein and another on

outer, the extreme base of discal cell brown. Calyptre

brown. Halteres yellow:

Kyes almost bare ; frons at vertex one-third of the head-

width, slightly widened anteriorly ; interfrontalia without

cruciate bristles ; two backwardly directed orbitals above on

each side, anterior infra-orbitals strongest, orbits with many

setulose hairs laterad of the bristles; arista long plumed to

apex; thir antennal segment nearly three times as long as

second. Thorax without strong anterior acrostichals ; post-

sutural dorso-centrals 3, a weak fourth on one side ; prealar

very short ; hypopleura bare. Third and fourth abdominal

tergites with median and apical bristles, the median series of.

third weak ; apical ventral segments as in meditabunda,

Fallén. Fore tibia without a median bristle ; mid-tibia with

two postero-dorsal bristles ; hind femur with a series of

unequal bristles from base to apex on antero-ventral surface,

and some very short bristles on basal half of postero-ventral ;

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Evotie Muscaride. 163

hind tibia with two antero-ventral and two antero-dorsal

bristles. One of the bristles at base of third wing-vein very

long ; outer cross-vein nearly straight; fourth vein as in

meditabunda.

Length 6 mm.

Type, 5 to 7 miles into Kenia Forest, near Luchi River,

British Kast Africa, 9-10. ii. 1911 (7. J. Anderson), One

female.

Genus Dicuxromyia, nov.

Generic characters.—Eyes of male separated by over twice

the distance across posterior ocelli, of female widely separated;

frons without cruciate bristles ; orbits without a forwardly

directed bristle at middle ; thorax with one strong and one

very weak presutural and two strong postsutural dorso-

central bristles ; prealar minute ; anterior intra-alar absent ;

scutellum with some hairs on ventral surface; prosternum

hairy on sides; pteropleura with a group of hairs on upper

margin aud one or two in centre; hypopleura bare ; spiracle

with a series of short black hairs along the lower margin ;

third wing-vein bare at base, curved forward at apex; hind

tibia with a few weak postero-dorsal setulz, without calcar.

Genotype, the following species.

Dichetomyia polita, sp. a.

Female.—Black, glossy, slightly greyish pruinescent.

Head, including antenne and palpi, black ; face, orbits, and

cheeks with white pruinescence. Thorax distinctly quadri-

vittate, the spaces between the vittz pale grey pruinescent.

Abdomen unmarked. Legs rufous yellow, cox infuscated.

Wings slightly yellowish, veins brown. Calyptre yellow.

Halteres brownish yellow.

Eyes almost bare; upper infraorbital bristles very small

and weak; third antennal segment with a small sensory

puncture on outer side near base of arista, the latter with

very long hairs above and below. Presutural acrostichals

absent ; sternopleurals 1:2, the lower posterior one weak.

Fore tibia with one median posterior bristle; mid-femur

without ventral bristles on basal half; mid-tibia with two

posterior bristles ; hind femur with one preapical antero-

ventral bristle; hind tibia with two antero-ventral and one

antero-dorsal bristle, and three or four weak postero-dorsal

setule. Costal thorn long; outer eross-vein straight.

Male.—Similar to female. Hypopygium small.

Length 6mm.

z1*

164 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Hwotie Muscaridee.

Type, female, one paratype and allotype, east side of

edge of forest of the Aberdare Mts., British East Africa,

7300 feet, 24. ii. 1911 (7. J. Anderson).

This genus is related to Muscina, R.-D., but differs from

it in having the pteropleura and prosternum hairy and in the

cheetotaxy of the thoracic dorsum.

Genus XENOMYIA, Nov.

Generic characters.—Proboscis very short and thick, about

as broad as long, the ventral side pruinescent and hairy, the

apex with four chitinized rods on each side; third antennal

segment slightly tapered from middle to apex; arista

pubescent ; vertex with only one strong bristle on each side ;

posthumeral bristle absent ; anterior intra-alar in transverse

line with anterior postsutural dorso-central ; hypopleura

bare; hind tibia with a bristle on middle of postero-dorsal

surface. Third vein bare at base.

Genotype, the following species.

Xenomyia atra, sp. n.

Female.—-Black, shining, with bluish-grey pruinescence.

Head black, entire frons velvety ; face, parafacials, and

cheeks with whitish tomentum; antenne black; palpi

yellow. Dorsum of thorax velvety brownish black, the sides

and a spot above each postalar callosity bluish-grey pruin-

escent ; pleure grey pruinescent, except on upper part of

mesopleura and pteropleura. Dorsum of abdomen shining,

lateral margins of all tergites, anterior margin of all four, and

posterior margin of fourth on outer half bluish-grey pruin-

escent. Legs black. Wings very slightly and evenly. smoky,

veins black. Calyptre brown, margins fuscous. Halteres

bright yellow.

Frons a little over one-third of the head-width ; orbits

not clearly differentiated ; upper two pairs of orbitals small,

upper pair of infraorbitals directed inward, lying close to

surface, numerous hairs present in addition to the bristles ;

face slightly receding below ; parafacial at base of antenna

as wide as third antennal segment, much narrowed below ;

third antennal segment about three times as long as second,

tapered from middle to apex ; arista long and slender, much

swollen at base; cheek about as high as width of third

antential segment, with hairs along lower margin and

continued well above vibriss, the latter strong. Thorax

bare between presutural dorso-centrals ; postsutural dorso-

centrals 8; sterno-pleurals 1:1. Genital segments without

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaridee. 165

thorns. Legs long and slender; fore and mid tibize each

with one antero-dorsal and one postero-dorsal bristle ; hind

femur with very short weak antero-ventral bristles ; hind

tibia with one antero-ventral, one antero-dorsal, and one

postero-dorsal bristle. Inner cross-vein at middle of discal

cell ; penultimate section of fourth vein over two-thirds as

long as ultimate section. Lower calyptra much longer than

upper.

Length 10 mm.

Type and paratype, north of Mt. Kenia, British East

Africa, 8300 feet, 18. 11. 1911 (7. J. Anderson). Two

females.

This genus is allied to Limnophora, R.-D., but the absence

of the posthumeral bristle separates it from that and all

allied genera known to me.

Genus Eutimnopuora, Malloch.

I erected this genus for the reception of three North

American species in 1920. ‘There are several African species

which belong to the genus, four of them being in the material

before me—mervinia, Walker, tonitrui, Wiedemann, versi-

color, Stein, and fascigera, Stem. Stein lists the four species

in the genus Limnophora.

Eulimnophora may readily be distinguished from Limno-

phora by the presence of a fringe of setulose hairs on the

posterior margin of the basal abdominal sternite in both

sexes. The abdominal dorsal markings are usually produced

forward at the inner extremity of the large spot at or near

the posterior margin of each tergite, a character which I

have not seen in the true Limnophora species.

Genus Limnornora, Robineau-Desvoidy.

All species of this genus have the prosteraum with setulze

ou its sides and the third wing-vein with setulze at base.

The prosternum is larger and more distinctly triangular than

in Eulimnophora. There are mauy species of this genus in

Africa, including odsignata, Rondani, simulans, Stein, and

perfida, Stein, which are in the material before me.

Limnophora latilamellata, sp. un.

Male.—Black, shining. Frons opaque brownish black ;

orbits black, whitish anteriorly ; face, parafacials, and cheeks

whitish pruinescent. Thorax without differentiated vitte,

margin pale grey pruinescent. Abdomen with a pair of black

166 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaridee.

subtriangular spots on each segment except fourth. Legs

black. Wings hyaline. Calyptree white. Halteres yellow.

Eyes bare; frons about one-fifth of the head-width ;

orbits linear, bristly on anterior half and with a forwardly

directed setula in line with anterior ocellus ; mouth-margin

slightly produced ; arista short-haired. Thorax with pre-

sutural acrostichal hairs 4-rowed ; postsutural dorso-centrals 3.

Abdomen slightly depressed, almost parallel-sided, fourth

tergite longer than the third; processes of fifth tergite very

large and broad, nearly bare, compressed, and projecting

keel-like straight downward, the apical width of each

process about equal to its length; hypopygium rather large,

forceps concealed by the processes of fifth sternite. Fore

and mid tibis each with a median posterior bristle;

mid femur with short fine setule on basal half of antero-

ventral surface and longer, stout, rather irregular bristles

on entire length of postero-ventral ; hind femur with stout,

rather irregular bristles on antero-ventral surface, and on

apical three-fourths of postero-ventral; hind tibia slightly

produced at apex ventrally, with one antero-ventral and one

antero-dorsal bristle, the apical bristle slightly curved.

Fourth vein much curved forward at apex.

Length 5 mm.

Type, north of Mt. Kenia, 8300 feet, 18. ii. 1911 (7. J.

Anderson). One male.

Closely allied to aculeipes, Stein, differing in the bristling

of hind femora and mid and fore tibie.

Limnophora macfiei, sp. n.

Male.—Black, opaque, densely whitish-grey pruinescent.

Head black, interfrontalia velvety black ; orbits, face, and

cheeks densely whitish pruinescent. Thorax with two rudi-

mentary blackish spots on anterior margin, a deep black

fascia behind suture, and the scutellum except apex black.

Abdomen with base of first tergite and two elongate, widely

separated spots on second and on third tergites deep black.

Legs black. Wings hyaline. Halteres and calyptre

whitish.

Eyes bare; narrowest part of frons equal to width across

posterior ocelli ; interfrontalia distinct on its entire length ;

orbits widened anteriorly, each with 4 bristles, the upper one

just above middle, and a setula opposite anterior ocellus ;

longest hairs on arista much longer than width of third

antennal segment; vibrissal angle but little produced.

Presutural acrostichal setulz in six series, sparsely covering

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Hwotic Muscaride. 167

the area between the dorso-centrals; postsutural dorso-

centrals 3. Abdomen short, narrowly ovate, fourth tergite

slightly longest. Fore tibia unarmed at middle; mid pair

of legs lacking in type ; hind femur with one stout preapical

antero-ventral bristle; hind tibia with one antero-ventral

and one antero-dorsal bristle, the apex simple. Fourth

wing-vein slightly curved forward.

Length 4 mm.

Type, Northern Nigeria, Zungeru, 15. xi. 1910 (Dr. J. W.

Scott Macfie). Named in honour of the collector.

Limnophora andersoni, sp. n.

Male.—Black, shining, with whitish pruinescence. Head

black, interfrontalia deep black ; lower part of orbits,

parafacials, face, and cheeks shining white pruinescent.

Thorax with the usual three black spots in front of suture

confluent, leaving only two small spots in front of suture

and the lateral margins white pruinescent ; the vittze behind

suture confluent, only a small portion of disc in front of

scutellum greyish; scutellum black. Dorsum of abdomen

with first segment except apex, a pair of large narrowly

separated subtriangular spots on second and another on

third segments, and a less clearly defined central spot

on fourth segment black. Legs black. Wings hyaline.

Calyptre whitish yellow. Halteres yellow.

Kyes with very minute hairs; frons at narrowest part a

little wider than distance across posterior ocelli; inter-

frontalia distinct on its entire length; orbits linear, each

with about six bristles on anterior half and no setula

opposite anterior ocellus; arista with very short hairs;

vibrissal angle slightly produced. Presutural acrostichals

in four series ; postsutural dorso-centrals 3; anterior intra-

alar absent, the posterior one weak. Abdomen elongate-

ovate ; incision in fifth sternite very deep. Fore tibia

unarmed at middle; mid-tibia with one posterior median

bristle ; hind femur with 4 or 5 bristles on apical half of

antero-ventral surface ; hind tibia with one antero-ventral

and one antero-dorsal bristle, the apical ventral bristle

curved. Fourth vein distinctly curved forward at apex.

Female.——-Similar in colour to the male, but the dorsum

of thorax has more distinct vitte, these being brown on a

black ground.

Frons at vertex one-third of the head-width. Chetotaxy

of thorax as inmale. Apical genital segment with numerous

short spiny hairs.

168 Mr. J. R. Malloch on ELxotie Muscaride.

Length 5-6 mm.

Type and one male paratype, east side of Forest of the

Aberdare Mts., B.E.A., 7300 feet, 24. 11.1911.

Allotype, south edge of Kenia Forest, B.E.A., 5000 to

6000 feet, 2. 11. 1911. Collected by T. J. Anderson, in

whose honour the species is named,

An aberrant species having the upper orbital setula in the

male and the anterior intra-alar in both sexes absent.

Subfamily Cawoszzym.

Genus Pycgornora, Schiner.

This genus has been distinguished from Cenosia by all

authors, including Stein in his recent paper on the genera of

the world, by the presence of the small wart-like protuberance

near apex on ventral surface of hind tibia, which I find is

present only in the male. The use of a sexual character for

generic distinctions should be avoided, unless some character

preferably correlated can be used to distinguish the opposite

sex. Fortunately in Pygophora there are several characters

that are possessed by both sexes in common, which can be

depended upon to separate the members of the genus from

Cenosia and allied genera, but only in the case of Frey does

it appear that the general habitus and other characters have

been considered apart from the protuberance on the hind

tibia. The two species described by Frey from Ceylon,

immaculipennis and lutescens, have been placed by Stein in

the genus Cenosia in his catalogue, but they were correctly

placed by theirdescriber. Two species described from Africa

as Canosia humeralis and C. parvipuncta by Stein belong to

Pygophora. The known distribution of the species of the

genus thus extends to Australia, Formosa, Java, New

Guinea, several of the East Indian Islands, Ceylon, and

Africa.

The genus differs from Canosia in having the arista

remarkably long-haired to middle ; the eyes much narrowed

on lower half ; frons much wider at anterior margin than at

vertex, each orbit with 4 bristles, one in line with posterior

ocellus, and 3 very strong ones anterior to it, the upper

two very close together; mid tibia with no anterior and two

postero-dorsal bristles ; hind tibia with one antero-ventral,

two antero-dorsal, and two postero-dorsal bristles.

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 169

As1aTIc SPECIES.

Subfamily Pzaowrrz.

Genus HELioGRAPHA, nov.

Generic characters——Similar to Limnophora, the pro-

sternum with less noticeable hairs, the third wing-vein

curved forward at apex and with some setule at base.

Differs from it in having the scutellum with numerous hairs

on sides of lower surface anteriorly, and the first wing-vein

with minute setulz on apical half.

Genotype, Limnophora intonsa, Stein.

Originally the genotype was described from Java ; I have

seen a male from ‘l'alum, Siam, 1.1.1902 (H. C. Robinson

and N. Annandale).

Subfamily Awrzouyziryz.

Genus MyroerapHa, nov.

Generic characters—Similar to Anthomyia, Meigen, in

general habitus, but the pteropleura in front of spiracle is

bare, hind tibia with one very long median postero-dorsal

bristle. From Anthomyiella, Malloch, it is separated by the

absence of the very strong fore-tibial bristle, from Calythea,

S. & D., it is separated by the absence of hairs from the

hypopleura, and from Pegomyza by the larger lower calyptra,

enlarged facets on the upper half of eye, and the broader

prosternum, the plate covering all of the space between the

fore coxe.

Genotype, the following species.

Myiographa fascigera, sp. n.

Male and female.—Black, opaque, almost velvety, with

dense yellow or golden pruinescence. Face and cheeks with

greyish pruinescence ; antenuz and palpi black. Thorax

deep black in front of suture, except on posterior half on

sides in male and on posterior third or more entirely across

dorsum in female, a broad transverse band behind suture

and the posterior lateral margins black ; scutellum black.

Abdomen with a broad deep black band on each tergite,

which occupies all of disc except the posterior and lateral

margins. Legsblack. Wings slightly brownish. Calyptre

fuscous. Halteres yellow.

Male.—-Kyes bare, facets becoming much larger from

170 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Eaotic Musearide.

middle to upper margin ; frons at narrowest part not wider

than anterior ocellus, widened triangularly above antenne ;

- parafacial not visible from side; cheek about as high as

width of third antennal segment ; arista very short-haired ;

third antennal segment about three times as long as second,

but not extending to mouth-margin ; palpi slightly dilated.

Thorax with one or two pairs of presutural acrostichals, three

pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals, and a minute prealar.

Abdomen short-ovate ; hypopygium small; fifth sternite with

a deep, slightly rounded posterior excision, the posterior

extensions with short setulose hairs. Fore tibia unarmed at

middle ; mid tibia with one or two posterior bristles; hind

femur with four or five fine widely spaced bristles on antero-

ventral surface, and one at middle on postero-ventral ; hind

tibia with one short antero-ventral and two antero-dorsal

bristles in addition to the long postero-dorsal one. Veins

3 and 4 convergent apically, the former ending in wing-tip ;

outer cross-vein straight.

Female.—Frons about one-third of the head-width ; orbits

narrow, lower supraorbital bristle directed forward ; inter-

frontalia with a pair of cruciate bristles. Mid-tibia with an

antero-dorsal bristle. In other respects as male.

Length 4 mm.

Type, wale, allotype, and one male and female paratype,

Biserat, Siam, 20-21.x.1901 (4. C. Robinson aud N. Annan-

dale).

SoutH-AMERICAN SPECIES.

Subfamily Paaownrr 2.

Genus XENOTHORACOCHZTA, nov.

Generic characters : Female.—Kach orbit with avery long

strong bristle near anterior margin and two much shorter

stout bristles above middle; cruciate interfroutal bristles

absent ; thorax with one pair of presutural dorso-ceutrals

and no strong presutural acrostichals ;. prealar short and

stout; prosternum bare; pteropleura and hypopleura

hairy in part; scutellum with hairs low down on sides ;

wing-veins bare ; calcar absent.

Genotype, the following species.

Aenothoracocheta prima, sp. u.

Female.——Black, shining, with a slight bluishtinge. Face

and orbits with whitish pruinescence ; antenne and palpi

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 171

black, arista yellowish. Thorax with four slender black

vitte, slightly pruinescent. Abdomen with an indistinct

dorso-central vitta, slightly grey pruinescent. Legs obscurely

brownish yellow, femora more or less blackened, tarsi fuscous.

Wings slightly brownish: Calyptre grey, margins fuscous.

Halteres brown.

Eyes short-haired ; frons less than one-third of the head-

width at vertex, widened anteriorly ; third antennal segment

about three times as long as second; arista very long-

haired ; cheeks very narrow; palpi slender. Acrostichal

area in front of suture with about ten series of short

hairs ; postsutural dorso-centrals three ; sterno-pleurals 1 : 2;

both intra-alars long. Fore tibia without median bristle ;

fore tarsi without sensory hairs; mid tibia with three

posterior bristles ; hind femur with one preapical antero-

ventral bristle; hind tibia with one antero-dorsal and two

antero-ventral bristles. Outer cross-vein much curved ;

veins 8 and 4& divergent apically.

Length 10 mm.

Type, Villavicencio, Quatiquia River, Colombia, xi.—xil.

1914 (Dr. A. Balfour).

This genus is distinguished from any known to me by the

orbital bristling, possession of only one pair of dorso-centrals

on thorax in front of suture, and the hairing of the ptero-

pleura.

Genus Pa@ciLoPHAoNIA, nov.

Generic characters: Male.—Hind tibial calear_ well

developed. First and third wing-veins from base to apex

with setule; prosternum, middle of pteropleura and of

declivous portion of lateral margin of thorax in front of

scutellum hairy; sides of scutellum setulose, lower surface

bare. Third vein of wing slightly curved forward at apex;

prealar bristle long.

Genotype, Aricia flavithoraz, Stein.

This species is known to occur in Peruand Brazil. Another

species, Aricia basicincta, Stein, probably belongs to this

genus.

One male from Brazil, taken on S.S. ‘Faraday,’

11.1. 1896, 80 miles below Breves (#. E. Austen), is in the

material before me.

Genus STr£INELLA, nov.

Generic characters.—Pteropleura partly hairy ;_ pro-

sternum and hypopleura bare ; both intra-alar bristles long ;

mz Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotie Muscaridee.

first wing-vein bristly on upper side on entire length, third

bristly at base above and below, not curved forward at apex ;

arista very short-haired ; frons of female as in Phaonia ;

hind tibia with a weak bristle at middle on postero-dorsal

surface.

Most closely allied to Pseudophaonia, Malloch, and

Cyrtoneurina, van der Wulp. From the former it is

separable by the setulose wing-veins, and from the latter by

the straight third vein, bare prosternum, and long anterior

intra-alar bristle.

Genotype, the following species.

Steinella prima, sp. n.

Male and female——Black, slightly shining, with a faint

bluish tinge. Head black, basal two antennal segments

yellowish ; orbits and face with whitish pruinescence ; palpi

black. Thoracic dorsum quadrivittate, the spaces between

vittze densely brown pruinescent. Abdomen with bluish-grey

pruinescence, a moderately broad dorso-central vitta, and

faint lateral checkerings black, the pruinescence on fourth

tergite in female yellowish. Legs black, tibiz brownish

yellow, darkened except at bases in male. Wings clear,

cross-veins inconspicuously infuscated. Calyptrz white,

margins dark. Halteres yellow.

Male.—Kyes almost bare, separated by a little more than

width across posterior ocelli; orbits narow, setulose to anterior

ocellus ; parafacial narrower than third antennal segment;

cheek higher than width of third antennal segment; arista

pubescent. Thorax without presutural acrostichals, with

four pairs of postsutural dorso-ceutrals, the prealar bristle

long. Abdomen ovate, depressed; hypopygium small.

Fore tibia unarmed at middle on posterior surface; mid-

tibia with two posterior bristles; hind femur with some

widely spaced bristles on antero-ventral surface and some

finer bristles on basal half of postero-ventral ; hind tibia with

one antero-ventral, one autero-dorsal, and one postero-dorsal

bristle near middle. Outer cross-vein curved ; veins 3 and

4 subparallel.

Female.—F rons over one-third of the head-width ; orbits

narrow. In other respects as male.

Length 6 mm.

Type, male, Colon, Monte Video, Uruguay, 5. v. 1896.

Allotype, and two female paratypes, same locality, 1 & 14,

v. 1896 ; one female, La Plata City, Argentina, 7. vi. 1896.

On the Reproduction of Deep-sea Fishes. 173

Genus Bicoromyia, nov.

Generic characters.—Calcar on hind tibia very short and

weak, situated near apex; third wing-vein setulose at base

above and below, curved forward at apex; prosternum,

pteropleura, hypopleura, yentral surface of scutellum, and

basal abdominal sternite bare ; both intra-alars and the

prealar strong. In other respects as Phavnia.

Genotype, Spilogaster trispila, Bigot.

One male and one female from Monte Video, Uruguay,

and one female from La Plata City, Argentina.

XVI.—The Reproduction of Deep-sea Fishes.

By J. D. F. Gitcurist, M.A., D.Sc.

[Plate I]

Very little is known as to the nature of the eggs and spawning-

habits of deep-sea fish. This is no doubt due to the fact that

these fish are seldom procured in quantity, and, in deep-sea

expeditions, attention has naturally been directed mainly

to securing and preserving new forms of marine animals.

The various structural adaptations of deep-sea fish to the

peculiar conditions under which they live have therefore

received a good deal of attention, while little or nothing is

known of their reproduction—whether, for instance, they

have pelagic or demersal eggs or are viviparous. The single

exception to this, so far as I am aware, is the case of the

Macrurus celorhynchus, the ovarian eggs of which were

described by Costa in 1865. Somewhat similar eggs were

found by Raffaele (1888) in the sea at some depth, and he

suggested, though with some hesitation, that these might be

the eggs of Macrurus. Raffaele’s eggs are apparently iden-

tical with those found by Hensen a year earlier and by

subsequent observers at later dates.

The Cape seas present certain facilities for the procuring

of deep-sea fish at certain localities, where, in a few hours’

steaming, a depth of 1000 fathoms can be reached. During

a former marine survey and its present continuation a certain

amount of information has been procured, which may be of

interest, as it appears to throw some light on the eggs and

spawning of deep-sea fish generally.

Maerurus fasciatus is very abundant on the west coast in

174 Dr. J. D. F. Giichrist on the

about 100 fathoms, and mature females with ripe eggs can

occasionally be procured. ‘These eggs are of a fair size,

being 1:15 mm. to 1:06 mm. in diameter, with an oil-globule

0°29 to 0:27 mm. in diameter. They are characterized by a

vitelline membrane, on which there occurs a network of

polygonal markings. When quite mature they float very

readily to the surface of the water in which they are placed.

The eggs of Macrurus parallelus, which occurs in less

abundance and usually at somewhat greater depth, were also

procured, and resemble those of the first-named species, being,

however, somewhat larger (1°32 to 1:30 mm.), the oil-globule

being 0°31 to 0°26 mm. ‘These eggs differ from those

described by Costa for M. celorhynchus chiefly in that there

are no projections on the vitelline membrane as in that

species.

I may mention in this connexion that an egg has been

found in South-African seas resembling the ‘ zackige Hi” of

Hensen, provided with projections of the vitelline membrane,

in a tow-net attached to a beam-trawl, working at a depth of

about 380 fathoms, as well as in a surface-net. No evidence

was, however, procured that these were the eggs of a deep-

sea fish.

Another deep-sea fish—Catetyx messiert,—procured off

Cape Point from 560-700 fathoms, proved to be viviparous.

A fourth case of reproduction of deep-sea fish was indicated

by the finding of a small cluster of eggs, each about 2 mm.

in diameter, ina trawl-net working at a depth of 175 fathoms.

‘There is no evidence, however, that they were actually from

the bottom (vide ‘ Marine Investigations in South. Africa,’

vols. li. and 111.),

A recent renewal of the marine survey of the South-African

seas has afforded an opportunity of procuring additional

information on this subject, and this, taken in conjunction

with the above instances, seems to throw some light en the

mode of reproduction of deep-sea fish generally.

(1) The first case is that of an undoubtedly demersal fish-

egg trom deep water, somewhat resembling the last-mentioned

egg. The eggs were found in a rounded cluster, firmly

adherent to the branch of an alcyonarian brought up by the

trawl from a depth of 226 fathoms (PI. I.). From the size

and position of these clusters, they probably belong to a fish

of no great size, ‘lle embryo was well advanced, its length

being about three-fourths the circumference of the egg. The

head was rather broad and was provided with a pair of large

eyes, somewhat widely set apart; there was no pigment on

Reproduction of Deep-sea Fishes. 175

the embryo, the yolk was translucent, somewhat granular,

ef a yellowish colour, and appeared to contain some small

oil-globules, though this was difficult to determine owing to

the movement of the ship. The embryo did not appear to be

alive, as no movement of the body or heart, which might

have been expected at this stage of development, was observed.

They were kept on board in fresh sea-water till it was

obvious that they were dead, and were then preserved in

formalin. The diameter of the cluster of eggs (about fifty

in number) was about 10 mm., the diameter of each being

2°29 mm. ; they were slightly oval in outline.

(2) Malacocephalus levis (a Macrurid) was found not

infrequently, and a specimen procured on the 4th of August,

lat. 29° 43’ 35” S., long. 31° 49’ 35” E., from a depth

of 350 fathoms, proved to be a mature female, The eggs

were numerous, and when placed in water floated very

readily. The yolk was clear, homogeneous, and contained

one oil-globule. Over the surface of the egg-membrane

could readily be seen a fine network, as in the two species of

Macrurus. The diameter of the egg was very constant,

being 1:31 mm., the diameter of the oil-globule 0:2 mm.

The diameter of this egg, therefore, is about the same as that

of M. parallelus, but the oil-globule is smaller.

(3) The eggs of Bathygadus sp. were procured from a

large female, taken at a depth of 540 fathoms on the East

Coast, lat. 30° 6’ 50” S., long. 31° 38’ 30’ E. They were

clear and homogeneous, and floated freely when placed in

water. They measured from 1 to 1:07 mm. in diameter, and

the single oil-globule had a diameter of 0°31 to 0°33 mm.

(4) Some large specimens of Allocyttus (Cyttosoma) verru-

cosus were procured in the same haul, and one of them proved

to be a mature female with ripe eggs. When placed in sea-

water these eggs floated very freely. They were well charac-

terized by their single large oil-globule, 0°65 mm. in diameter,

which is about a third of the total diameter (1°87 mm.) of

the egg.

(5) A large specimen of Cauliodus sloanet from a depth of

420 fathoms (lat. 29° 49’S., long. 31° 46’ E. approx.) had

well-developed eggs. The fish was very much broken up,

and the eggs were only observed after it had been placed in

preservative. The largest were 1°86 mm. in diameter; they

had no oil-globule and there was a perivitelline space. The

176 On the Reproduction of Deep-sea Fishes.

preserved eggs did not, of course, float, but their general

character indicates that they were pelagic. Their distinctive

size and absence of an oil-globule may render them recogniz~

able if procured by tow-net.

The following is the list of these deep-sea fish :—

1. Macrurus fasciatus . . . Pelagic.

porallelus.. =, . ..- Pelagic.

. Malacocephalus levis. . . Pelagic.

- Dathygadus sp.) s ) jn, (xen elaee.

. Allocyttus verrucosus . . . Pelagic.

Caultodus sloanei . . . . Pelagic?

. Catetyx messiert . . . . Viviparous.

. An unknown species . . . Demersal.

The first five of these have eggs which were found to float

upwards when placed in a tube of sea-water. Their specific

gravity, as indicated by their rate of ascent, does not appear

to be less than that of the eggs of ordinary shallow-water

fishes, and much less than that of some—e. g., Agriopus.

Do such eggs ultimately float to the surface before hatching ?

From observed facts, there seems no reason why they should

not. The rate of ascent was about 10 seconds in 6 inches,

or 100 fathoms in 33 hours. The eggs of a common Cape

fish (Chrysophrys globiceps) were observed to hatch out

4924 hours after fertilization; they are, however, small,

being 0°89 mm. in diameter. The larger egg (12 mm. in

diameter) of the Cape red gurnard (7Zrigla kumu) hatched

out 77 hours after fertilization. There is presumably time,

therefore, for pelagic eggs of some deep-sea fishes to reach

the surface before hatehing takes place. It is to be remem-

bered, however, that, though these eggs floated upwards in

water taken from the surface, they may not do so in water

under great pressure, and the conditions at great depth may

be such that, while the increased salinity prevents them from

sinking to the bottom, the great pressure may increase their

specific gravity to such an extent that they do not float

further upward, but remain suspended in mid-water.

Another line of evidence which tends to support the first

supposition is the fact that the smaller forms of pelagic fish

are found towards the surface. However this may be, we

may, from the cases cited, draw other and more justifiable

conclusions.

Of the eight fishes mentioned, six have pelagic eggs (with

one doubtful exception), one is viviparous, and one has

On new Muride from Paraguay. Ws

demersal eggs—that is, 75 per cent. pelagic and 12°5 per

cent. viviparous and demersal each. These proportions are

not markedly different from those found in the common

shore-fishes of South Africa, where there are many viviparous

blennies (Clinus), and probably about as many fish with

demersal eggs (Gobius, Blennius, Chorisochismus, &c.).

We seem, therefore, justified in concluding that the mode

of reproduction of deep-sea fish will, on further investigation,

probably prove to be not much different from that of those of

the shallower waters—in the South-African seas, at least.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

A cluster of fish-ezgs, attached to an Alcyonarian, trawled from a depth

of 226 fathoms. Photograph, 14 natural size.

XVII.—Two new Muride discovered in Paraguay by the

Marquis de Wavrin. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum has received a very acceptable donation

of anumber of small mammals obtained in the Northern Chaco

of Paraguay by-the Marquis de Wavrin, who is making an

important exploring expedition into South America. Among

these there occur examples of the two following new species

of Muridee.

Oryzomys wavrint, sp. n.

A middle-sized, coarse-haired, buffy-brown species, with

proportionately short tail.

Size intermediate between that of the large O. angouya

and the small O. jlavescens. Fur long and coarse, hairs of

back about 13-14 mm. in length. General colour above |

browner and less buffy than in most species, a heavily lined

** buffy-brown,” clearer buffy on the flanks. Under surface

dull whitish with a slight buffy tinge, the hairs slaty at base.

Proectote of ear blackish, metentote buffy brown like the

head. Hairs of hands and feet glossy white, the feet with

fairly well defined lateral fringes. Tail only about as long

as the head and body, well haired, brown above, whitish on

sides and below.

Skull slender, not heavily ridged. Interorbital space

narrow, its edges sharply square, but scarcely ridged, and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 12

178 On new Muridee Jrom Paraguay.

not overhanging the orbits. Zygomatic plate strongly con-

cave in front. Palatal foramina of about uniform breadth,

reaching back to the level of the first lamina of m’.

Incisors rather opisthodont, the incisive index about 61°.

Molars of normal size and shape, but remarkable for the

partial or complete suppression of the cross-crotchet between

the outer cusps, this crotchet being usually considered as

characteristic of all the Oryzomys series of genera.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 106 mm.; tail 106; hind foot 25 ;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 29; condylo-incisive length 26°6 ;

zygomatic breadth 15°5; nasals 11°5; interorbital breadth

3°8; zygomatic plate 3-2; palatilar length 13; palatine

foramina 6°1; upper molar series 4°8.

A second speéimen is rather larger—head and body 120 mm.,

skull 30:3.

Hab. Northern Chaco of Paraguay. Type from Jesema-

tathla, west of Concepcion. Alt.100m. A second specimen

from Mision.

Tyne. Young adult male. B.M. no. 20. 12.18.16. Ori-

ginal number 22. Coilected 15th August, 1920.

This very distinct swamp-rat is readily distinguishable

by its intermediate size, its comparatively short tail, most

Oryzomys having this organ longer than the head and body,

its unridged supraorbital edges, concave zygomatic plate, and

the obsolescence of the cross-crotchets in the molars. Im-

portant as’ the last character usually is, the animal is so

essentially an Oryzomys in all other respects that I do not

think there is any doubt that its proper place is in that genus.

Possibly even the reduction of the crotchets is a mere abnor-

mality.

I have much pleasure in naming the species after its

discoverer, the Marquis de Wavrin, who is carrying out an

important exploration in South America, and has presented

to the British Museum the small mammals he obtained in

Paraguay.

Akodon toba, sp. n.

A large olivaceous species, with whitish belly.

Size as in some of the largest members of the genus.

Fur soft and fine, hairs of back about 9 mm. in length.

General colour above finely ticked olivaceous grey, almost

exactly as in A. arviculoides montensis of Paraguay, but

rather less suffused with buffy, so that the general effect is

On a new Mountain Vizcacha from Patagonia. 179

greyer. On the under surface, however, there is no resem-

blance to the Paraguay animal, the hairs being broadly

washed with white, though they are, as usual, slaty at base.

So really white-washed a belly is very unusual in the genus.

Chin without any marked white patch. Hands and feet

greyish white. ‘l’ail blackish above and all round at the end,

the greater part below dull white.

Skull most like that of A. simulator and its allies. Large,

evenly bowed; the interorbital region broad, with sharply

angular edges. Palatal foramina well open, extending back

to the level of the hinder edge of the first lamina of ml.

Incisors of normal set.. Molars as usual.

Dimensions of the type:

Head and body 105 mm.; tail 78; hind foot 24;

ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 29 ; zygomatic breadth 15; nasals

10; interorbital breadth 5; height of crown from alveolus

of m? 8:2; palatilar length 12; palatal foramina 7; upper

molar series 4°7. :

Hab. Jesematathla, Northern Chaco. Alt. 100 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.12.18. 20. Original

number 34, Collected 18th August, 1920.

- This Akodon of the Paraguayan Chaco is above so like

A. a. montensis of the country east of the River Paraguay as

to be almost indistinguishable, but below it is at once separ-

- able by its broadly white-washed belly—a very unusual

character in Akodon. Its skull is, on the whole, most like

that of A. simulator and its allies of North Argentina west of

the Chaco.

Considering how small the number of Chaco mammals is,

the Marquis de Wavrin has done very well in discovering

two new ones,

XVIIL.—A new Mountain Vizcacha (Lagidium) from

N.W. Patagonia. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum has received a number of mammals -

from Pilcafeu and other places in N.W. Patagonia collected

by Mr. H. E. Box. As they were collected at very much

the same places as those obtained by Sr. EK. Budin in 1918,

and described by me in a previous paper *, the majority of

them are known to science, but among them are several

* Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 199 (1919).

12%

180 Onanew Mountain Vizcacha from Patagonia

examples of a Lagidiwm, a form which Sr. Budin did not

obtain in this region.

It proves to be distinct from L. morent, the only North-

Patagonian form as yet described, and may be called

Lagidium bowt, sp. n.

Greyish olive, the under surface slightly washed with

yellowish. Feet dark.

Size about as in L. moreni. General colour above darker

and more suffused with yellowish than in moren?, the colour

not so clear a grey. Under surface also greyish olive, the

hairs lightly washed with dull yellowish, markedly different

from the strong yellow of morend; but the genital area is

more definitely yellow, forming a marked patch. Dorsal

stripe more strongly developed than in moreni, running from

nape torump. White axillary patches present. Hands and

feet comparatively dark—dark grizzled grey-brown, very

different to the greyish white of morenz.

Skull, as compared with that of moreni, with shorter

broader muzzle, the nasals more inflated. Premaxillary pro-

cesses less surpassing the nasals behind. Suprameatal island

on top of skull narrowly oblong, not so square. Anterior

palatine fissure very small, half the length of that in morenz;

palatine foramina shorter, their posterior end narrowed by

sharp inturned edges. Molars stouter and heavier, a dimen-

sion taken at right angles to the line of the lamine definably

greater ; in p* of the type, for instance, this dimension 1s

5-4 mm., while in the type of morenz it is 4°6.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 490 mm.; tail 320; hind foot 105;

ear 68.

Skull: greatest length 91; condylo-incisive length 83°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 48°5 ; nasals 34x 13°5; anterior palatine

fissure 3°43; palatine foramina 15; upper tooth-series

(crowns) 21.

Hab. Pilcafieu, Upper Rio Negro, N.W. Patagonia. Type

from 1200 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20. 11.4. 95. Original

number 200. Collected 9th April, 1920, by H. E. Box.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. ‘Two specimens obtained by

Mr. Box, and an additional skin and three skulls presented

by Mr. Guy H. Dawson of Pileafieu.

To this species I refer not only the specimens now come,

but one which was received in 1899 from the La Plata

Museum, and was hitherto believed to be referable to

L. morenit. Theadditional material, however, shows that the

On a new Monkey and a new Squirrel. 181

two forms are different, and that the 1899 specimen belongs

to L. bow.

The exact locality of the type of L. moreni is unfortu-

nately unknown, as “ Chubut” is a province of considerable

size, and there is no evidence as to where in it the specimen

was obtained.

XIX.—A new Monkey and a new Squirrel from the Middle

Mekong, on the Hastern Frontier of Siam. By OLDFIELD

THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

SPECIMENS of the two following very distinct mammals have

been obtained during a privately organized expedition to the

Laos country on the Franco-Siamese boundary, and I am

now privileged to describe them.

Pithecus laotum, sp. n.

A black species with white face.

Fur soft and fine, that on shoulders elongated to form a

mantle, its hairs some 100-110 mm. in length. Hairs of

forehead all running backwards, without whorls, but those in

front of and above the ears run inwards towards the centre

of the occiput just behind the vertical crest ; behind these,

‘again, the hairs run evenly backwards down the nape and

back. On the occiput a prominent high projecting black

crest apparently very like that of P. francoisz, with hairs

40-50 mm. in length, points upwards and forwards at right

angles to the smooth-lying frontal hairs among which it

stands.

Colour of the whole animal, with the exception of the

head-marks, deep glossy black, the back, whole of under

surface, limbs, and tail all uniformly black. Head with a

narrow superciliary line and a few scattered hairs on the

cheeks black. ‘Then the whole of the forehead and top of

the head to halfway down the neck white, divided abruptly

in the centre by the deep black of the occipital crest and a

line succeeding it down the nape to the back. Area round

and including ears, cheeks, and a line round below the chin

also white.

Skull apparently of normal build, the nasals short, neither

specially flattened or convex ; nasal opening about half as

broad as high. Canines very large and heavy.

182 On a new Monkey and a new Squirrel.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 485 mm.; tail 845; hind foot 162 ;

ear 45.

Skull: greatest length 101; condylo-basal length 79 ;

zygomatic breadth 77 ; nasal opening 19 x 10; orbit 21 x 23;

interorbital space 10; breadth of brain-case 59; basal

diameter of canine 8; upper cheek-teeth 26:5; molars

only 19.

Hab. Ban Na Sao, S.W. French Laos, on the French side

of the Mekong, in latitude about 17° 30! N.

Type. Adult male. B.M.no. 20.12.10.1. Original num-

ber 7213. Collected 24th February, 1920, and presented to

the National Museum by Herbert C. Robinson and C. Boden

Kloss. One specimen only examined, but two more, quite

similar, were obtained and are now in Kuala Lumpur.

By its wholly black body-colour this fine monkey is distin-

guished from any of the genus except P. francois: *, which

is undoubtedly its nearest ally; but from this it differs by

having nearly the whole head white, while in that animal the

white is confined to two narrow lines running along the sides

of the face.

In P. poliocephalus +, from Tonkin, the head, including

the crest, is wholly yellowish, and there is a whitish band on

the thighs.

One of the most remarkable things about this monkey is

that it is said to be wholly terrestrial in its habits, being

found on a more or less treeless plateau. And these habits,

while quite different from those of the rest of the genus,

would seem to be shared by those of P. francoisi, which was

said to have been found ‘sur les grands rochers qui bordent

la riviére Long-Kiang ” in Kwang-Si.

Dremomys rufigenis laomache, subsp. n.

A pallid strongly grizzled race of D. rufigenis.

General characters about as in true rufigenis, the skull of

similar proportions—not excessively elongated, the post-

auricular patches not specially conspicuous, the under surface

of about the same degree of greyness. But the dorsal colour

is paler and greyer and much more coarsely speckled, the

buffy subterminal rings on the hairs over 2 mm. in length as

compared with rather less than 1 mm. in rufigenis and its

* Semnopithecus francoist, Pous. Bull. Mus, Paris, 1898, no. 7, p. 319;

Trouessart, N. Arch. Mus. (5) iv. p. 278, pl. ii. (1913).

+ Semnopithecus poliocephalus, Trouess. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8)

viil. p. 271 (1911) ; N. Arch. Mus. ¢. c. p. 276, pl. iii.

Ie OO ee eee ee a

On new Rhipidomys &e. from S.E. Jujuy. 183

other subspecies. Rufous of face rather brighter than in

rufigenis. Postauricular patch not large or very conspicuous,

its hairs white, with their ends buffy, more broadly buffy

than in rufigenis. Thighs more strongly suffused with dull

buffy, which makes a more abrupt contrast with the grizzled

greyish of the hinder back than is the case in rufigenis, where

the brownish of the back passes gradually into the dull

rufous of the thighs. Throat whitish, with a slight reddish

tinge, less marked than in rufigenis. Bellythairs broadly

slaty, with whitish tips to the hairs.

Skull as in rufigenrs.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 168 mm.; tail 148; hind foot 47;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 55; condylo-incisive length 48;

nasals 18°2; tooth-row exclusive of p* 10.

fab. Middle Mekong. ‘Type from Ban Hoi Mak, near

Pak-hin-bun, on the French side of the Mekong, about

Li? 50° WN.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 20.12.10. 2. Original

number 7230. Collected 29th February 1920. Presented to

the National Museum by Herbert C. Robinson and C. Boden

Kloss. Two specimens.

Readily distinguishable by its pale and comparatively

coarsely speckled back from any of tlhe races hitherto

described. D.r. fuscus, its near neighbour in Annam, is a

dark-coloured form with conspicuous white postauricular

patches.

In my ‘ Lectotypes of Indian Mammals’ Dremomys rufi-

genis should have appeared, as it was founded on five cotypes ;

but it wasoverlooked. I now formally name no. 91. 10.7. 81,

which was the specimen figured by Blanford, as the lectotype.

XX.—WNew Rhipidomys, Akodon, Ctenomys, and Marmosa

from the Sierra Santa Barbara, S.E. Jujuy. By OLDFIELD

THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Sr. Buprn has sent home a number of admirably prepared

small mammals obtained by him in the Sierra Santa Barbara,

S.E. Jujuy, and among these occur the following new

forms :—

Rhipidomys austrinus, sp. n.

A large species allied to R. lewcodactylus.

184 Mr. O. Thomas on

Size rather less than in leucodactylus, but still as in the

larger species of the genus. Fur close and thick, hairs of

back about 10-11 mm. in length. General colour lined

greyish buffy brown, not so definitely buffy as in some of

the more northern species. Under surface greyish white, the

hairs buffy at base, white terminally in the type, slightly

tinged with bufty in the paratype. Line of demarcation on

sides not sharply marked. Ears large, brown, not strongly

contrasted with the general colour. Hands and feet with

the characteristic coloration found in R, leucodactylus, the

metapodials mesially brown, the digits and edges white.

Tail long, uniformly brown, not very heavily haired for this

genus.

Skull rather smaller than that of leucodactylus, of normal

shape. Nasals narrow. Interorbital region not very broad.

Palatal foramina well open, extending back past the level of

the front edge of m!. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow, the

palation with a well-marked median projection.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 154 mm.; tail 180; hind foot 31:4;

ear 24.

Skull: greatest length 36°5 ; condylo-incisive length 34:5 ;

zygomatic breadth 20; nasals 13; interorbital breadth 5°6;

palatilar length 15°2 ; palatal foramina 8 x 3'2; postforaminal

palate 5°6 ; upper molar series 6:2.

Hab. Sierra de Santa Barbara, 8.E. Jujuy. Type from

Sunchal, 1200 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 21.1.1.17. Original num-

ber 1025. Collected 6th June, 1920, by E. Budin. Pre-

sented by Oldfield Thomas. ‘Two specimens.

This is a considerable southern extension of the genus

Rhipidomys, which had not previously been known to occur

in the Argentine. The species is allied to the Peruvian

R. leucodactylus.

Akodon sylvanus, sp. n.

A large species of the arenicola group.

Size large. Colour dark finely ticked olive-brown, darker

than in most species of the group, varying according to the

light between “olive-brown” and “deep olive.” Under

surface dull fuscous, the ends of the hairs dull greyish

without marked buffy wash; chin not whitened. Ears with

proectote black edged with buffy, metentote mixed black and

buffy. Hands and feet dull brownish. .Tail brown above,

whitish below. ae

Skull large, smooth and rounded, broadevand heavier than

new Rhipidomys de. from S.E. Jujuy. 185

in A.arenicolahunteri. Palatal foramina long, reaching past

the second lamina of m'’.

Molars inclined to be hypsodont. A median notch on the

front edge of ml.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 102 mm.; tail 77; hind foot 21:5;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 27; condylo-incisive length 25 ;

zygomatic breadth 13:7; nasals 10°33; interorbital breadth

4°4 ; breadth of brain-case 12; palatilar length 11°7 ; palatal

foramen 6°9; upper molar series 474.

Hab. Sierra de Santa Barbara, 8.E. Jujuy. Type from

Sunchal, 1200 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 21.1.1.27. Original

number 1019. Collected 5th June, 1920, by E. Budin.

Fifteen specimens.

Considering its wide geographical separation, this Santa

Barbara Akodon has a curious resemblance to the A. arenicola

hunteri of the Parana Delta, with which it agrees closely in

_ size and colour. Its skull may, however, be distinguished

by the greater breadth both of the interorbital space and of the

brain-case.

“Caught in thick damp woods at from 1200 to 2000

metres.8—H, B.

Ctenomys budini barbarus, subsp, n.

Santa Barbara race of budini. Middle line of muzzle

blackened.

General appearance very much as in C. budini utibilis,

but the median line of the muzzle, for a breadth of about a

centimetre, is always prominently black, the black often

running back to the forehead. The sides of the muzzle,

external to the black, have a warm, almost reddish, tone,

generally much warmer than that of the body. Back near

* auburn”; belly pale buffy brown. Axillary and inguinal

patches only rarely present. Upper surface of hands and

feet largely mixed with black. Tail black or blackish

mixed, well haired.

Skull as in the other subspecies. Supplementary bones at

the front end of the parietals generally present.

Dimensions of the type: —

Head and body 217 mm.; tail 80; hind foot 32.

Skull: median length 48°5 ; condylo-ineisive length 48°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 31; nasals 16 ; breadth across brain-case

18:2; bimeatal breadth 30°5; palatilar length 21; upper

tooth-series 9°6 ; oblique diameter of p* 4.

186 On new Rhipidomys ce. from 8.E. Jujuy.

Hab. Sierra de Santa Barbara, 8.E. Jujuy. Type from

Sunchal, alt. 1200 m. ; other specimens from San Rafael,

1000 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M.no, 21.1.1.54. Original num-

ber 1033. Collected 14th June, 1920, by E. Budin. Pre-

sented by Oldfield Thomas. Twenty-nine specimens in all.

When I described C. sylvanus and C. sylvanus utibilis I

stated that these forms were very closely allied to C. budini,

and I have now come to the conclusion that all three, and

the new form here described, should be united specifically,

and be considered as four subspecies of one species.

True budini has whitish feet, unblackened muzzle, and no

axillary or inguinal patches. C.b. sylvanus is very dark-

coloured throughout, but without local markings, and has a

nearly naked tail. C. b. utdbilds, of which Sr. Budin has now

sent over a score from Caimancito, near Yuto, has usually no

black patch on the muzzle, but almost invariably has well-

marked axillary and inguinal white patches. Curiously

enough, it is also very liable to melanism, nearly half the

specimens sent being glossy black everywhere except on the

white patches below. No melanistic examples occur among

the series of C. b. barbarus.

Marmosa elegans sponsoria, subsp. n.

Like M. e. cinderella, but with more elongate skull.

Colour in all respects as in cinderella*, and similarly

differing from that of M. e. pallidior. On the middle of the

chest there is a patch where the hairs are white to the base,

but this, though omitted in the description, is also present in

cinderella. Skull much more elongate than in the other

subspecies, the length materially greater, while the breadth is

the same or even less. Supraorbital edges rounded, without

trace of sharpened edges.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 103 mm.; tail 143; hind foot 16°5;

ear 24°05.

Skull: upper length 30; condylo-basal length 29°7 ; zygo-

matic breadth 15°7 ; nasals 12°8 x 3; interorbital breadth 5 ;

breadth of brain-case 11:4; palatal length 16°5; front of

canine to back of last molar 11°8; three anterior molariform

teeth 5:1.

Hab. Sierra de Santa Barbara, 8.K. Jujuy. Type from

Sunchal, 1200 m.

* Described, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) x. pp. 159, 161 (1902).

EC ey ee ee ey ee i hace ie cae

On Abnormal Legs in Frogs. 187

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 21.1.1. 85. Original

number 1055. Collected 23rd June, 1920.

Typical M. elegans cinderella ranges north to western Jujuy,

where Sr. Budin has obtained it at Jujuy itself and other

localities ; but here, in the eastern part of the province, east of

the Rio Grande de Jujuy, its representative has so uniformly

longer a skull that subspecific separation seems clearly needed.

XXI1.—Abnormal Legs in Frogs.

By W. Harotp Leicu-SuHarpe, M.Sc. (Lond.).

Durin@ the year 1920 my attention has been attracted to

cases of abnormality in the legs of Rana temporaria (two of

Fig. 1.

R. Ii.

R, right (normal) leg ; L, left (abnormal) leg from the same specimen,

from the ventral aspect. 77, tarsus.

which are herein figured, and the original specimens preserved

in the Biological Museum, St. Mary’s Hospital Medical

188 On Abnormal Legs in Frogs.

School), which I have never previously met with during

twenty years’ experience of numberless frogs. In each case

it is the left leg that is affected.

Fig, 2.

10.

cm.

R, right (normal) leg ; L, left (abnormal) leg from the same specimen,

from the dorsal aspect. /., femur; ¢-/., tibio-fibula; A., astra-

ealus; C.,caleaneum ; 7., tarsus; d.¢., distal tarsals ; M?¢., meta-

tarsals; Ph., phalanges.

The abnormalities take the following form :—

(1) Suppression of the first digit.

(2) Variation in the number of phalanges,

(3) Abortion of the astragalus and calcaneum.

(4) Entire fusion of the tarsus.

The first peculiarity is without exception.

On Reptiles and Batrachians from E, Bolivia. 189

As regards the phalanges, compared with the normal digital

formula of 2.2. 3.4, 3, the first or undissected specimen

(fig. 1) shows a formula of 0. 1. 2. 3. 1, while the second or

dissected specimen (fig. 2) gives a formula of 0. 1. 2. 2. 2.

The fourth digit of the former appears to have met with a

misadventure after development; hence I have queried the

third phalanx. In short, one phalanx almost always seems

to be suppressed in each digit.

The specimen upon which a dissection was made reveals

that the distal end of the tibio-fibula is enlarged, and that the

astragalus and calcaneum are suppressed as such, or, rather,

that their vestiges are fused with the distal tarsals into one

mass in which the astragalus alone is demarcated by a ridge.

The frogs were supplied by a dealer who can give no more

certain information than that they were collected within

20 miles of the London radius.

XXII.—On a small Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians

made by Mr. Goodfellow in E. Bolivia (1918-19). By

Joan B. Procter, F'.Z.S8.

THIs collection, made in Esperanza, EK. Bolivia, though small,

included an extremely rare lizard—Ophiognomon trisanale—

and a new species of the genus Hyla, which I have named

after its discoverer, Mr. Goodfellow. The collection has been

presented to the British Museum.

REPTILIA.

Telide.

1. Ameiva surinamensis, Laur.

2. Ophiognomon trisanale, Cope.

1 specimen, 2.

This extremely rare lizard is new to the collection of the

British Museum, It is readily distinguished from the other

two species of the genus by its hind limbs, which are half as

long as the anal plates ; the fore limb ends in three terminal

tubercles.

Colour: light brown above, with three longitudinal dark

lines; the two outer become darker and the vertebral lighter

on the tail. Brown beneath, with two dark lateral bands.

Tip of snout and chin white, also underside of end of tail.

Hach scale beneath the tail dark brown, with a white centre.

190 Miss J. Procter on Reptiles and

mm.

Total lonoilc. a. cs c4 sick si Ronee gs a WB)

Lengthiof neat 2). 5 See. ete cae 7

Width-of head!) 330.000 55 a ee 5

End of snout to fore limb .......... 15

Length of fore limb. 5). s:6 <0. scab ees 2°5

Length of hind Jitab,... . <> )s eae sie 1

Length of tail (end reproduced)..... . 4

Amphisbenide.

3. Amphisbena alba, L.

Boine.

4. Epicrates cencris, L.

Var. A of the British Museum Catalogue of Snakes.

Colubrine.

5. Herpetodryas carinatus, L.

Var. C of the British Museum Catalogue of Snakes.

6. Liophis pecilogyrus, Wied.

7. Liophis guenthert, Peracca.

Very closely allied to L. wridis, Gthr., but stouter in build.

8. Liophis regine, L.

9. Oxyrhopus guerini, D. & B.

1 specimen, unusually strongly marked with broken trans-

verse bands and blotches of cream-colour on a dark brown

ground ; cream-colour below. In the British Museum

Catalague of Snakes * the one difference cited between this

species and O. neuwiedit, D. & B., is the form of the snout.

In the key to the genus on p. 100 they are distinguished as

tollows :—

Rostral much broader than deep, forming an obtuse angle =

posteriorly, its upper portion not more than half as long

an its distance fromthe Trpntal jah. 5.6 ssiest aise a o)-i0 oi on neuwiedii,

Rostral nearly as deep as broad, forming a right or acute

angle posteriorly, its upper portion at least two-thirds

ite distance from the frontal ce cp uwiks ss6 os sss oe guerini. |

There are specimens, however, which are absolutely inter-

mediate in this respect: two specimens of O. neuwiedii (from

* Boulenger, Cat. Snakes, vol. iii, (1896).

Batrachians from E, Bolivia. 191

Trinidad and Caracas) have the rostral almost as deep as

broad, its upper portion two-thirds its distance from the

frontal, and a specimen of U. guerini (from Pernambuco) has

the rostral only two-thirds deep as broad, its upper portion

two-thirds its distance from the frontal. In every case,

however, the two species may be told apart by the loreal,

which is moderate and not much longer than broad in guerint,

whilst in newwiedi@ it is very small and much longer than

broad.

BATRACHIA.

Cystignathide.

10. Leptodactylus longirostris, Blgr.

1 specimen.

This rare frog is new to Bolivia; the two specimens in the

British Museum collection are from Santarem, N.E. Brazil.

The Bolivian specimen has its upper surfaces flushed with

a brownish pink, and has regular, dark, light-edged, triangular

dorsal markings—one between the eyes, one over the scapular

region, and a blotch above the sacrum ; cream-coloured and

immaculate beneath barred limbs. The red colour is particu-

larly noticeable on the sides and thighs.

Bufonide.

11. Bufo marinus, L.

12. Bufo typhonius, L.

Hylide.

13. [Myla appendiculata, Blegr.

14. Hyla goodfellowi, sp.n.

Described from a single female specimen.

Habit lanciform. Head as long as broad, its length going

3% times in length from snout to vent. Vomerine teeth in

7 S-shaped series, not in contact with each other or with

the choane ; choane moderate. Tongue subcordiform, adhe-

rent. Snout obtusely pointed, measuring 14 times diameter

of eye; nostril nearer end of snout than eye; canthus rostralis

obtuse ; loreal region oblique; interorbital space as broad as

upper eyelid ; eye moderate ; tympanum distinct, + width of

eye. A slight web between the three outer fingers; a very

slight rudiment of pollex, first finger shorter than second ;

192 Mr. C. Chubb on new

toes 3nwebbed, web reaching disc of all but the fourth toe ;

subarticular tubercles feeble; discs of fingers and toes much

smaller than tympanum. The hind limb, when carried

forward along the body, reaches far beyond end of snout ;

tibia 61 times as long as broad, going 12 in length from

snout to vent; foot 2 length of tibia.

Skin smooth above, granular below excepting the pectoral .

region, which is quite smooth ; astraight glandular fold from

posterior corner of eye to behind shoulders; a faint fold

along forearm and tarsus.

Greyish brown above, with dark transverse dorsal bands ;

a narrow dark canthal streak ; barred limbs, about six - bars

across femur and tibia ; brownish yellow beneath, lighter on

throat and breast.

Measurements in millimetres.

NOU WEeNte. Mesh ckcstnehertels 60

Length ef thead 4; )). 55. aieteb wate = 18

7 Wadth ofhendi. . sored cece 18

Pinger. 1 to 405 tress aie iss oe 8, 10, 12, 10

NF coe lbiae) et ee see pea oR ey See 105

Uno WE) Soe PAD ta ete ean Bd OF

EVovo} nbs BA Ew Shy Sih eRe CL cone Oratecat 25

This species is closely allied to H. boans, Daud., from

which it differs chiefly in having a smaller tympanum,

smaller choane, and much smaller and weaker series of

vomerine teeth.

15. Hyla venulosa, Laur.

16. Hyla nasica, Cope.

XXITI.—On new Forms of South- American Birds.

By C. Cuuss, M.B.O.U., F.Z.S.

MICROPHILA, gen. nov.

The chief characters of the species that I suggest for

separation as a new genus under the above title are the

straight culmen, not arched or semicircular as in Sporophila,

and the more rounded tail; its small size and peculiar colora-

tion also help to distinguish it.

Type, I. castanetventris (Cab.).

Forms of South-American Birds. 193

DUNCANULA, gen. nov.

The species that I propose to separate as a new genus

under the above designation has hitherto been placed by

authors in the genus Sporophila, Cab., from which it differs

in having a long and acutely pointed bill, or under Cata-

menia, Bonaparte—founded on Linaria analis, d’Orb.,—

which is synonymous with Sporophila, Cab.

Type, D. homochroa (Sclater).

Duncanula duncant, sp. n.

Adult male. Allied to D. homochroa (Scl.), but differs in

having the upper surface olive-brown, with dark shaft-lines

to the feathers, instead of slate-grey.

Total length 128 mm.; exposed culmen 10; wing 65;

tail 58; tarsus 20.

Adult female. Similar to the adult male, but rather

smaller. Wing 60 mm.

Hab. Mount Roraima, British Guiana.

The specimens described were collected by the late

Mr. F. V. McConnell at Mount Roraima during his expe-

dition in October 1898.

Sporophila longipennis, sp. n.

Adult male. Allied to 8. intermedia, Cab., but differs in its

darker coloration and larger wing-measurements.

Total length 107 mm.; exposed culmen 10; wing 65 ;

tail 42; tarsus 15.

Hab. Mount Roraima, British Guiana.

The type, which is in the British Museum, was collected

by the late Henry Whitely at Mount Roraima, 3500 feet,

January 1884. Salvin-Godman Collection.

Sporophila gutturalis roraime, subsp. n.

Adult male. Similar to S. gutturalis gutturalis, but differs

in having the black on the upper surface much more restricted

and in its smaller wing-measurements.

Total length 105 mm.; exposed culmen 8; wing 54;

tail 45; tarsus 15.

flab. Mount Roraima, British Guiana.

The type, which is in the British Museum, was collected

by the late Henry Whitely at Mount Roraima, 3500 feet,

June 1883. Salvin-Godman Collection. |

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 13

194 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on a

Pseudochloris roraime, sp. n.

Adult male. Crown of head dark citron-yellow, with an

indication of dark shaft-lines to the feathers ; wings and back

blackish brown with olive-grey margins to the feathers ;

rump and upper tail-coverts dark olive-green ; tail blackish

brown fringed with olive-green; the two outer feathers on

each side white on the inner webs at the tips; sides of face

tawny yellow; throat, breast, and abdomen dull yellow,

darker on the sides of the body and paler on the under tail-

coverts ; under wing-coverts buff; under surface of flight-

quills dark brown; lower aspect of tail similar to its upper

surface, but paler brown,

Total length 116 mm.; exposed culmen 8; wing 63;

tail 44.

Adult female. Differs from the adult male in being blackish

on the upper surface, with pale fringes to the feathers ;

throat, breast, and sides of body fawn-brown, with dark shaft-

lines to the feathers, becoming whitish yellow on the lower

abdomen and under tail-coverts. Wing 58 mm.

Hab. Mount Roraima, British Guiana.

The types, which are in the British Museum, were collected

by the late Henry Whitely at Mount Roraima, November 20,

1883. Salvin-Godman Collection.

This species was quoted by Brabourne and Chubb in their

‘ List of the Birds of South America’ as Pseudochloris brownt

(Bangs), but it differs from that species, however, in its

smaller size and much duller coloration. There is a series of

twelve specimens of this species in the British Museum, all

of which are quite constant in character.

XXIV.—Paraonyx, a new Genus of Clawless Otter discovered

by Capt. J. HE. Philipps, M.C., in Central Africa. By

Martin A. C. HIntTon.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

DurinG the past year Captain J. E. Philipps, M.C., the

District Commissioner at Kigezi, British Ruanda, has dili-

gently collected the larger mammals of his district, and

has presented many valuable specimens to the British

Museum. Among his most recent donations are two females

ee ee, a eT

new Genus of Clawless Oiter. 195

of a peculiar clawless otter, which presents such a remarkable

combination of characters that it must be described as

belonging to a new genus.

PARAONYX, gen. nov.

Like Aonyz externally, but with shorter and thinner fur.

Facial vibrissea weakly (instead of strongly) developed, the

superciliary and upper genal tufts absent. Nose-pad and

ears asin Aonyx. Hands small, with five quite naked and

clawless digits, unwebbed. Feet with five digits, of which

the third and fourth alone bear minute vestigial claws, with

smal] webs inserted at the base of the second phalange of

each digit; upper surfaces of toes, from a little above tlie

insertions of the webs, almost naked, bearing merely a few

scattered, short, and quite inconspicuous hairs. Palms and

soles entirely naked, the pads agreeing with those of Aonyz.

Tail as in the latter genus. Coloration characterized by a

peculiar frosting of the whole upper surface of the head and

neck, extending backwards to the shoulders ; this frosting is

produced by the longer hairs, most of them having, in the

regions mentioned, long silvery tips. A sharply defined

rhombic patch ef dusky hue present on each side of the

muzzle between the eye and the postero-lateral corner of the

nose-pad,

Skull only distinguishable from that of Aonyx by the

unusually short and broad interdental portion of the palate.

Mandible less robust than in Aonyx, with the sympbhysial

portion shorter and rather abruptly truncated.

Dental formula normal :—I. 3, C. ;, P. 3, M. 5; 2:2 shed in

old age. i

Incisors and canines about as in Aonyx, but = a little less

reduced and 73 still more completely in series. Cheek-teeth

wholly unlike those of Aonyx, being remarkably small and

weak (relatively smaller than in Lutra), brachyodont and

narrow, laeking all trace of specialization for crushing (as

seen in Aonyz) or for devouring a diet of fish (as seen in

Lutra). The anterior upper and the lower premolars like

those of Aonyw in general form; 2-4, ™1, and aq with the

cusps usually found in Lutrine ; 2-4 and ™+4 in broad contact

with each other, their inner lobes much less developed than

in Aonyx, the difference being especially noticeable in ™-1,

where the heel is very small and the cingulum, winding

round the base of the low protocone, very weak. In 77 the

196 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on a

three chief cusps are low, subequal in height, and rising

comparatively little above the talon ; the latter is not expanded,

as in Aonyx, but is about as wide as in Lutra, while the

cingulum on its outer side is represented merely by a feeble

crenulation. 9 is little larger than in Lutra, of square or

rounded form, and totally different in shape and appearance

from that of Aonyw.

Hab. Central Africa and the Lower Congo.

Genotype: P. philippsi, sp. n., Central Africa.

Other species: P. congica, Léunberg, Lower Congo.

1. Paraonyx philippsi, sp. n.

Size about as in Aonyw capensis hindei. General colour

of upper parts dark chocolate-brown (almost black), con-

spicuously frosted from the top of the head to about the level

of the shoulders by the silvery tips of most of the longer

hairs. Throughout the back to the root of the tail many of

the longer hairs are similarly tipped with silver, but such

hair-tips are neither sufficiently numerous nor sufficiently

long to produce more than a distinct and regular peppering

upon the dark ground-colour. Head and neck with a definite

pattern. A broad and in places well-defined median stripe

passes backwards from the edge of the rhinarium to terminate

a little in advance of the level of the bases of the ears.

Midway between eyes and ears this stripe broadens, a short,

faint, laterally directed branch leaving it on each side. Ante-

riorly, from nose-pad to eyes, the stripe is light clear

yellowish-brown in colour, but behind the eyes it is dark

brown ticked with dirty white. A large, sharply defined,

rhombic patch of dark chocolate colour occurs on each side of

the muzzle, occupying the whole distance between the eye

and the nose-pad, and being bounded mesially by the median

stripe and laterally by the seat of the mystacial bristles. Above

each eye i8 a large whitish patch, bounded mesially by the

median stripe and anteriorly by the postero-internal border of

the dark preorbital patch. From the posterior canthus of the

eye a faint and imperfectly continuous dusky streak passes back

towards the base of the ear on each side. The ears are dusky,

with conspicuous white borders. The lips, chin, and throat

are white as in Aonyw, the white extending upwards for some

little distance in front of the shoulders, and being quite as

regularly and sharply separated from the darker dorsal tints

as in that genus, although the contrast is greatly weakened

by the silvery frosting of the head and shoulders previously

}

ie fee

ne a

197

new Genus of Clawless Otter.

bi 8-1¢

9 GP 9-07 8-98

6-69 G.99 L9

LSI LLL FL

cg L-#8 G.08

9-6F 6-8P POF

8-LL 9-OL GFL

8-96 6-96 pe

8-GE L-Gg 8-68

89 G.89 GL

6:99 9:9G 69

SG F-1G GGG

GPL G-LZ SZ

06 G-16 G.GG

OOT OOT OOL

‘addy Pp ‘} ‘pase ' d

6-68 FG

99 GL

8-6L &G

66 &-PP

¢.CP 6:29

9L cI

L6 rg

8:98 P-GP

LLL 6-98

Gg. 1G GL

8-66 6-66

= ¥6

G88 8-ELT

OOL L-9GL

‘eddy & | ody p

9 “at

‘apury ‘a xhuop ‘usddyiyd xhuonsg F

— storonpayy

‘wapury ‘a xhuop

OP ; o-1E

, 6-69 Iv

- 82 08

; 6-9L GOT

iz ¢-9§ oS

; vg gg

, 9-91 F-61

; ; 9-68

Es &-9F 2-7V

¢-€8 1-98

TZ L-6L 6-69

86 6-06 £-86

as 1-#3 ae

G-96T 1 ty 6-901

ae ¢-9IT léL

‘adAT, pase’ | addy mS

‘(‘uug’y)

parvbuoa

‘asddipryd

rhuoning

‘Lt jo espe yuoay 07 of{puoo

aS yee a mjenatie® eve iéi5

2/0 OO aie ea) © se tere

CEC SECM ee CU tar

BOG hig Ws Ce 6 ene

Fw 0} Le

PTE RIT) 07 eulUBD

‘orqipueyy

pu 4 J

"7" qq8uay [eqepeg

TaeMjeq ayered Jo qpvomq Tu[OULIe}UT

Oar ae oe 1 Sere, ®t

BOULUD SSOLOV YAP AA

"7" "** (aerpeur) yndro00 JO FYDIOFT

bas Pee) Bi w).e! «

arenes

SPS aye wna) a vahien ay ein) ie

“‘SUdTONPAd pun Sab jouid7 put ur SPUBUWALNSDAU-)NY GY

YIPweIG, proysupyy

eee

“* [pproiq onvaross -

Y}ouey [vs vu-oy1d1999

Y1.0ue] [eseq-o{puog *

"tl OF suluRy) °

198 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on a

described. Underparts from the chest backwards, together

with the tail and hind limbs, dark brown, scarcely lighter in

tint than the rump—not peppered with silver, but mottled by

the partially visible whitish underfur. Fore limbs and hands

rather paler than legs and feet. :

‘The comparatively short and thin fur is soft. It becomes

very thin and short upon the forearm, the under surface of

which appears nearly bare, while the backs of the hands and

wrists are but scantily clad, the fingers being, as already

mentioned, quite naked. This local thinning-out and dis-

appearance of the fur may be due to excessive abrasion

arising from what I believe to be the comparatively terrestrial

habits of the genus, and not to a natural deficiency. ‘The

hind limbs are better clothed, but the covering is much

shorter and thinner than in Aonya; on the upper surface the

fur extends to the bases of the digits, ending off on each toe

a little above the point at which the web is inserted.

Skull and dentition as described above for the genus.

Besides the characters already mentioned, the skull differs

from that of A. c. Aindet in having the mastoid breadth

distinctly, the cranial width and height slightly, greater in

proportion to the length. The remarkable weakness of the

dentition is well brought out in the comparative measurements

given at p. 197.

Measurements of type taken on the skin :—Head and body

350 mm. ; tail 480. For cranial and dental measurements

see table.

- Hab. S.W. Lake Bunyonyi, British Ruanda (long. 29° 50!

E., lat. 1° 20’ S.).

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 21.1. 22.1. Collected

about August 1920, and presented to the British Museum by

Capt. J. E. Philipps. An aged female* from the same

locality also examined.

2. Paraonyx congica, Lonnberg.

1910. Aonyx capensis congica, Linnberg, Ark. f. Zool. vii. no. 9, p. 1;

described from the Lower Congo.

Lonnberg’s full description and excellent figures of the

dentition leave no room for doubting that this interesting

* As Dr. F. Corner pointed out to me, this individual received and

recovered from a remarkable injury during its life. The right canine

has been torn out from the upper jaw, the maxilla fractured and subse-

quently repaired.

new Genus of Clawless Otter. 199

animal is really a second species of Paraonyx. In dentition,

as in all essential external characters, it agrees completely

with P. philippsi, being distinguishable from the latter only

by its considerably greater size, coarser fur, and rather lighter

colour (paler instead of darker than in Aonyz e. hinde?).

Dental measurements (in millimetres).

P.* length x breadth. .| 911x105} 96105) 11105) 1213-1) 135x151

ae As Pikes. Pir eee se AN 11146} 117x158

fy ‘ |115x63 | 116x662 |15°3x85 | 16-2104) 176x11°6

» height (cusp4) .. 4:7 pe ae 73 Ne

m.o length X breadth .| 45x52 | 37x5 57x65 | 55x79

Nothing is yet known of the habits of these remarkable

otters. Aonyx itself is, however, known to be less strictly

aquatic than is Lutra ; it is not often able to procure fish,

and crabs form its staple diet, water-birds, eggs, lizards, frogs,

and toads also being frequently devoured. I believe that

Paraonyx will be found to possess still more terrestrial habits

than those of Aonyx, an idea which forced itself also upon

Loénnberg when describing the hands and feet of P. congica.

Besides the features alluded to by Liénnberg, one may cite in

support of such a view the degeneration of the facial vibrisse,

the thinness of the pelage, the nakedness (be it natural or

due to excessive abrasion) of the fore limbs, and the frosting

of the head and shoulders. The latter character may be

regarded, perhaps, as the beginning of a change in the colour-

scheme leading towards the condition seen in the ratel and

many other terrestrial carnivores. More important than all,

the low crowns, blunt cusps, and the interdental relations of

the three principal cheek-teeth (24, m. i) of Paraonyx suggest

that it does not engage in the active pursuit of fishes ; and

the lightness and delicacy of these teeth seem to forbid the

supposition that it feeds, like Aonyaz, chiefly on crabs. I

suspect that the staple diet will be found to consist of soft

substances like small terrestrial vertebrates and eggs.

It is not easy to form an opinion as to the inter-relation-

Paraonyx

Aonyx ¢. hindet.

philippsi. congica.

2 type. | 9, aged. 2. 3 type.

200 On a new Genus of Clawless Otter.

ships of the three genera of clawless otters now known; in

the course of their evolution they seem to have followed paths

in part parallel and in part divergent. It is still more difficult

to decide whether Paraonyx, Aonya, and Micraonyz, together

with the extinct Enhydriodon and the living Latax, are

retrograde developments from active fish-catching ancestors

rather than the terminations of so many progressive lines

leading from forms at least as generalized as the Tertiary

Potamotherium. Forsyth Major (Zool. Anz. 1897, p.138) sees

in Aonyx, Micraonyx, and Enhydriodon “ phylogenetisch

iltere Formen”; but Winge (‘ Rovdyr fra Lagoa Santa,’

1895, p. 69) suggests a retrograde development from forms

resembling Lutra. Personally I incline to the latter view as

regards the clawless otters ; for in the broader details of their

structure they are all as much otters as is Lutra itself, and

it is difficult to account for such essential agreement except

upon the supposition that the three clawless genera have

passed through similar free-swimming fish-catching stages of

development. The differences between them and Lutra are

correlated apparently with slight differences of habit and

environment; while forming strong pegs for the systematist

to hang his elassification of numerous forms upon, these

differences are in themselves small things of possibly little

basic significance. One point in this connection may be

specially mentioned. In Potamothertum and Lutra, as in

many other carnivores, 24 and “1 are only in contact by

their external angles, a large space is left vacant between

them lingually; into that interdental space bite the two

chief cusps (4 and 2 of Winge’s numeration) of the lower

carnassial. In the three clawless genera, as well as in

Enhydriodon and Lataa, *-* and ™-1 are in full contact, and

there is no lingual interdental space ; the inner lobes of the

upper teeth are so greatly developed that all the cusps of aq

bite on to hard tooth instead of on to soft gum—an obvious

adaptation, be it progressive or retrogressive, for crushing the

shells of molluscs and crustaceans. This adaptation is clearly

much older and more perfect in Latax than in any clawless

otter ; and therefore it is not surprising to find the characters

of #4 and ™! not merely foreshadowed but practically

perfected in their representatives of the milk-dentition @:8 and

@-4 (figured by Leche, Zool. Jahrb. 1915, p. 342). But in

Aonyx avd Micraonyx %#-3 and 4-4 are totally different from

their permanent representatives in form, showing a wide

lingual interspace, which receives the chief cusps of #4; the

milk-dentition in these forms still remains faithful to the type

exhibited by the Tertiary Potamotherium.

Periodicals ‘qublished by TAYLOR & FRANCIS.

3g Published the First Day of every Month .—5s. nett.

: THE co

LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN 3

PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE

AND

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.

Conducted by

SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.,

SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, O.M,, M.A., ‘Se.D., ERS,

Ripe JOLY, M.A., D.Sc., E.RBS., E.GS.,

RICHARD TAUNTON FRANCIS, and

Fad ct FRAN CIS, PF. L. S.

| Published the First Day of every Month. $s. 6d, nett,

THE

ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

; including Zoology, Botany, and Geoleay.

ae Conducted by —

‘WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S.

Sir ARTHUR E, SHIPLEY, G. B. E., M. A, Se.D.,

RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.

ELS., }

F.R.S., ¥ZS., and

gibardted in 1877. Monthly, 2s. Annual Subser Shi 20s.

THE OBSERVATORY,

A MONTHLY REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY.

Batted hye yea ee

F. J _M. STRATTON, M.A.,

H. 8. JONES, M.A., B.Se., and

J. JACKSON, M.A., B.Sc. ;

tie Contributors include most of the leading English-speaking Astronomers,

and its pasteles give an interesting reflection of the aah, of astronomical

thought and achievement. i

ae E pubiiahed. ony Price 2s. nett. Annual Subser ese

- 22s. 6d. post free.

THE

JOURNAL. OF BOTANY

: Bae AND F Siete

i ‘Edited by is

BRITTEN, K.S.G., F.L.S:,

EPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM,

LATE SENIOR “ASSIST

Articles a4 prominent Potaniste Announcements of Discoveries ; Reviews ; -) .

Botanical News and oaieye &e., &e,

, er Lion Court, Fleet Street, ‘London.

VS feck Oh aie

Urbana, ae ee 8. AL Melek

“xvi. tea new Bes v discovere

de a ak Be Oxpereen Tao Ass

xy SAC new Moaulath:

Bowler . oy, Orperexp Tuomas

XIX, My new v Monkey and a 1

on fhe Eastern pana 4 Siam.

2 2 A

M.Sc. © land) pe

Segal:

XXIII, On new barra of Sout h. nee

MODS PZS cece ae

NINTH SERIES.

THE ANNALS

LAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

INCLUDING

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, any GE OLO

acts ee

‘tie

CONDUCTED BY

! "WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., PRS. F.LS. F.GS,

i. B. SHIPLEY, G.B.B., M. A SoD, PRS, PLS,

AND

eas “is Bene 4 CONTINUATION OY THE “ANNALS” COMBINED with

ase. eee AND. CHARIESWORTH’S “MAGAZINE OF NATURAL UWISTORY.”

iiss: s Paper on the itscissin Glands in the

essirial esti

| CL LONDON: |

“TAYLOR J AND ‘FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,

- Sold by Bailhre, Pans: and Hedges, Figgis, & Co., Dublin,

TO ZOO LOGISTS.

W. F. H. ROSENBERG,

Importer of Exotic Zoological ACS :

57 Haverstock Hill, London, N.W. 3, Encland,

Begs to announce the publication of a New Price List of Birds’ Eggs,

including over 900 species from all parts of the world. La

This will be mailed free on application, as eal: any of “the following : —

Mammals (400 species), Reptiles, Batrachians, ane Fishes (500. Species), Lepido-

ptera (8000 species).

Largest stock of Bird-skins in the world, ae New Price List Be these is in

preparation,

ALL MUSEUMS, PUBLIC OR PRIVATE, SHOULD. WRITE FOR THESE

LISTS. 4: . ae

All specimens sent on approval.

Please state which lists are required and give name e this periodical.

Ji ust Published.

LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF INDIA.

Part I., Vol. III, Price 2is.

By Lieut.-Col. H. H. GODWIN-AUSTEN, F.R. S. 5 Ke.

With 7 Plates and 65 pages Text, with Descriptions of many new

Species belonging to Dube Genus GLESSULA..

Tixson and Faawers, Red Lion Court, lost Street, B.C. 4. 3

Spe ice 2s. ges

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA

(Including Ceylon and Burma).

Published under the authori ity of the Secretary of State for asad in Council.

Medium 8vo, with Text Illusti “ations.

COLEOPTERA (CHRYSOMELID&).

TayLor & Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, H.C. 4.

Rates for Advertisements i in the Annals and

Magazine of Natural History.

One Six Twelve |

; Insertion. — Taser tions. Insertions.

PAGES entree a= eee oO SAD 215 QOeach 210 O each

HALP-PAGE A412 BAO 0, aes

QUARTER-PAGE - 180 166, © 15 O ,, (Net.

EIGHTH-PAGE Fe ae 10 O pas eee 0) Pace 8 0 ys

All applications for space to be made to beets

Mr. A. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon.

Cir

oe sian Ws3ityae

THE AN NALS ( _MAR23 1921

MA GAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[NINTH SERIES.)

No. 89. MARCH 1921.

XX V.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XC.

By T. D. A. Cocxerety, University of Colorado.

Anthophora optima, sp. n.

? .—Resembling A. bipartita, Sm., in colour and appear-

ance, the thorax having black hair in front, fulvous posteriorly,

and the wings dark fuliginous. It differs from dipartita in

being considerably larger, length 22°5 mm., anterior wing 17;

second s.m. very broad, receiving first r.n. beyond middle ;

hair about ocelli entirely black, with a rusty tint, though

there is much dull white hair (mixed with black) on face;

clypeus and labrum without light markings; mandibles

entirely black ; first abdominal segment fulvous-haired

(black-haired in bipartita) ; wings darker, not reddish. The

hair on the legs is entirely black. The ocelli are reddish,

and in a wider triangle than those of dbipartita.

In Friese’s key this falls next to A. semirufa, Friese, and

A. basalis, Sm., but is much larger, and otherwise different.

Maooki, Lydenburgh, Transvaal (/. J. Kroegor). South

African Museum, to which the unique type will be returned,

Anthophora fallax, Smith.

The face-markings of the male are like those of female

A. circulata, Fab.

K. Kloof, Natal (Marley). Male, Jan. 15.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 14

202 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Anthophora oldi lusoria, subsp. n.

? .—Superficially like A. rhodesie, M.-W., but with the

differential characters of A. oldi, M.-W. It differs from

typical oldi in having the thoracic hair if anything a little

richer red than in rhodesie, the very broad clypeal band,

labrum and base of mandibles white instead of yellow (they

are extremely pale yellow in rhodesie), and the anterior

tarsi with much black hair. The wings in this and rhodesie

are very decidedly dusky, though Meade-Waldo wrote

“hyaline.” The second submarginal cell is more contracted

above than in rhodesie, but the difference is slight.

Gwelo, S. Rhodesia (Miss Skaife). South African

Museum.

This seems to connect rhodesie with oldi, but is recognis-

ably distinct from either.

Osmia forficulina, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 15 mm., or 17 if the tail is fully

extended instead of being curved downward.

Rather narrow, black, with the hind margins of the first

five abdominal segments dark coppery red; head and thorax

with white hair, especially long and abundant on face and

cheeks; head broad; malar space obsolete; mandibles

acutely tridentate ; antenne black, the scape robust and very

finely punctured; front dull and extremely densely and

finely punctured; mesothorax and scutellum dull, as densely

and finely punctured as possible; area of metathorax with

basal half duli and rough, the apical half shining; tegulz

large, dark brown, with the outer margin whitish. Wings

translucent, but strongly brownish; b.u. going basad of

t.-m.; second s.m. long, receiving first r.n. as far from base

as length of first t.-c. Legs black, with long white hair,

fulvous on inner side of tarsi; spurs pale reddish. Abdomen

with little hair, forming white bands at sides of segments

only (probably more evident in fresher specimens), segments

very densely. and closely punetured, but glistening ; second

and third segmeuts with a conspicuous transverse basal

depression ; sixth segment with the hind margin distinctly

elevated, subtruncate, shallowly emarginate in middle;

seventh segment produced into a pair of long stout straight

divergent spines, about 1°5 mm. long; no ventral tubercles

or teeth. The pulvilli are large.

Likhoele, Basutoland (Dieterlin). South African Museum.

Entirely unique by the large size and earwig-like tail,

which is curved downward and inward.

Records of Bees. 203

Crocisa plumifera, Brauns.

? .—Matroosberg, Ceres Div., 4500 ft., Nov. 1917

(Lightfoot). South African Museum.

This agrees with Brauns’s description ; his type came from

Willowmore.

Epeolus amabilis, Gerstaecker.

? .—Henkries, Bushmanland, Oct. 1911 (Lighifoot).

Agrees with specimens from Willowmore (Brauns) and

one from “Cape of Good Hope” (F. Smith collection,

labelled variegatus).

Epeolus amabilis rhodesicus, subsp. n.

? —Length a little over 8 mm.

Robust, black, with the clypeus except middle and upper

part, labrum, mandibles, prothorax with tubercles, ends of

the large axillar teeth, and two spots on the strongly bi-

gibbous scutellum, ferruginous; pale markings due to hair

dull white ; scape red at base and apex; flagellum black,

red at base beneath. In amabdilis the interrupted apical hair-

band on second abdominal segment has its upper edge straight,

but in rhodesicus the ends of the two sections of the band

are swollen or bulbous, while the anterior lateral patches on

the same segment are large and rounded. All the femora in

rhodesicus are mainly black ; in amadilis the anterior femora

are red.

Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (D. Dodds). South African

Museum,

Possibly a distinct species, but the characters are slight.

The mesopleura has a red patch, but is not entirely red as in

EE. incrassatus, M.-Waldo, and while rhodesicus and incras-

satus are evidently allied, it does not appear probable that

they are sexes of one species.

Potyetossa, Friese.

Friese published this genus in 1909, basing it on four

South African species, known only in the male sex.

P. capensis, Fr., is herewith designated the type. In 1912,

Friese described the female of capensis. Polyglossa consists

of bees having the appearance of Andrena, but with only two

submarginal cells, and the tongue formed as in Colletes. I

have never seen any of the original species, and am by no

14*

204 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

means sure that the forms described below are truly con-

generic. The interesting point is, that we have the subfamily

Diphaglossine, so characteristic of Australia, New Zealand,

and South America, clearly represented in South Africa.

It is also remarkable that the female, which though a

different species from the males, seems to be certainly con-

generic, has depressed facial foveze as in Andrena, though

they are not hairy. I trust that Dr. H. Brauns, of Willow-

more, who informs me that he is again actively engaged in

the preparation of papers on South African bees, will be able

to obtain fresh material of the various South African Dipha-

glossines, and establish the several genera on a firm

foundation.

Polyglossa heterodoxa, sp. nu.

$ .—Length about 13 mm., rather narrow ; anterior wings

8°5 mm. long, not reaching to end of abdomen.

Black, with the anterior tibiz mainly bright ferruginous, the

anterior knees and small joints of all the tarsi also reddened ;

head and thorax with very abundant long hair, mainly white,

but tinged with ochreous on scutellum and metathorax ;

head broad ; malar space very short ; mandibles long, with an

inner tooth a considerable distance from the apex ; tongue

as in Colletes ; maxillary palpi short, 6-jointed ; labial palpi

with four subequal joints, but the first is somewhat longer

than the second, and the slender fourth joint is longer than

the third ; scape black, curved, with long hair; flagellum

moderate, ferruginous, not at all moniliform; front dull and

granular, but there is a smoother channel on each side;

ocelli rather large, in a curve ; mesothorax and scutellum

shining, coarsely punctured; area of metathorax triangular,

the basal part rugose, the apical shining; tegulw piceous

with a hyaline margin. Wings hyaline, nervures fuscous,

the very narrow stigma ferruginous, with a fuscous margin ;

marginal cell narrowly rounded at end, with a slight appen-

diculation; b.n. falling some distance short of t.-m.; two

long submarginal cells, the second receiving both recurrent

nervures, the first near the base, the second a considerable

distance from the apex, second submarginal very broad

above; second recurrent nervuré without any trace of the

Colletes curve. Hind femora greatly enlarged, broadly oval;

hind tibize broadened, with an enormous auteriorly directed

apical expansion or lamina, triangular, the outer surface |

shining, and with an obtuse angle near its base below.

Abdomen with long pale hair, tinged with ochreous, on first

Records of Bees. 205

two segments, on the third and fourth segments the hair is

mainly dark chocolate, becoming black in the apical region,

but segments 2 to 4 have thin white hair-bands ; apical plate

shaped like a broad leaf, with an acute point; first four

dorsal segments rugoso-punctate, but glistening; fifth

shining, with rather sparse weak punctures; fifth ventral

segment polished, with a conspicuous tuft of hair at each

posterior corner.

Cape Town, 1914 (F. Poly). Two males. South African

Museum.

The hind legs resemble those of Nomia. (Friese says of

P. capensis, “Femur verdickt, Tibie kantig”’; his figure

shows nothing unusual.) Such modifications of the legs, or

more or less similar ones, occur in the Diphaglossine; thus,

indications of the tibial lamella may be seen in Nomiocolletes

Joeryenseni (Fr.), from the Argentine, which Friese actually

described as a Nomia. The apical plate of the Nomiocolletes

3 is broadly rounded or subtruncate, not at all pointed.

The point is also entirely lacking in Pasiphaé, which has two

submarginal cells.

Polyglossa peringueyi, sp. n.

? .—Length about 13 mm.

Very much like P. hetervdowxa, except for the usual sexual

differences, and with the same venation, though the wings

are strongly suffused with brown. The hair of head and

thorax is ochreous-tinted throughout, and is strongly fulvous

on scutellum. The vertex has long black hair mixed with

the reddish, and there are dark hairs in the scutellar region.

There is a marked discrepancy in the mouth-parts, which

are extended and clearly visible. The labial palpi have the

first joint very stout, and much longer than the others.

The maxillary palpi have the first three joints relatively

large, the last three small, the second and third equal and

longer than the first. I cannot see any tongue at all.

Clypeus very densely punctate, with a broad smooth

median line; inner tooth of mandibles not salient, but

separated by a deep groove; flagellum red beneath, but

black above ; front dull, but with shining lateral depressed

fovee, about the width of an ocellus; mesothorax and

scutellum very rough, densely and coarsely punctured; area

of metathorax broad triangular, the basal half rugose ;

anterior tibize black, with a red area in front; hair of legs

mainly ochreous, bright fulvous on inner side of tibiz and

tarsi, mainly dark chocolate or black on outer sides of tarsi

206 Mr. T. D. A. Cockere!l—Deseriptions and

and of middle and hind tibiz; hind tibial scopa long, bright

ferruginous on inner side; hind tibial spurs ferruginous,

very long and straight, reaching considerably beyond middle |

of basitarsi; abdomen shining, with very weak scattered

punctures ; no covering of long hair as in P. heterodoxa, but

hind margins of first four segments with rather thin pale

ochreous-tinted hair-bands, weak on first; apex with black

hair, not forming a large tuft. Claws simple, and pulvillus

very large. (In ‘the male P. heterodoza the claws are cleft.)

Knysna, C.C., Oct. 1916 (L. Peringuey). South African

Museum.

Friese states that the female P. capensis looks extremely

like Andrena symphyti, Pérez. The present insect could

easily be taken, on superficial examination, for A. flavipes,

Panz (fulvicrus, Kirby). Whether it is really a Polyglossa,

or congeneric with P. heterodoxa, may well be doubted, but

if a new genus is to be defined, it should be based on more

ample materials.

Lithurgus atratiformis, Cockerell.

Mfongosi, Zululand, March 1916 (W. EF. Jones). South

African Museum.

Two females, which I cannot distinguish from the

Australian ZL. atraliformis. Presumably the species has

been introduced from Australia.

Lithurgus patruelis, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 9°5 mm., anterior wing 7°3 mm.

Similar to L. capensis, Friese, but differing thus: eyes

pale grey; the abundant long hair of face white, and that of

vertex creamy (in capensis the hair of front and upper part

of face, and of vertex, is reddish fulvous); third antennal

joint shorter and broader; hair of sides of thorax entirely

white, and of dorsum only feebly tinted with ochreous;

tegulz pale testaceous (black or nearly in capensis). Wings

more strongly reddened; second s.m. broader above, its side

on marginal greater than its side on first s.m, (the reverse

is true of capensis); hind spurs cream-colour (ferruginous

in capensis) ; hair on under side of abdomen clear white.

Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia, May 1917 (R. W. Tueker). South

African Museum.

Morgana barkeri, Cockerell.

Mfongosi, Zululand, March 1917 (W. EH. Jones). South

African Museum.

Records of Bees. 207

Morgania jonesi, sp. n.

? .—Length about 10 mm., anterior wing 84 mm.

Black, with snow-white pubescence covering clypeus, sides

of face, lower part of sides of front, cheeks, upper border of

prothorax (but not tubercles), a broad band across meso-

pleura and broad bands on metathorax, as well as posterior

corners of mesothorax; head transversely oval, face very

broad ; mandibles black; labrum large, roughened all over,

except a siuall shining apical spot; vertex shining, with large

punctures; antenne “long, entirely black, third - joint about

or nearly as long as next two united, flagellum thick ; meso-

thorax shining, very strongly but not closely punctured, and

with a broad median sulcus ; scutellum strongly bigibbous ;

tegule black. Anterior wings rather dilute fuliginous

throughout; marginal cell not as broadly truncate as in

M. barkeri; second s.m. receiving first r. n. a little before

middle, and second almost at the end. Legs entirely black,

the tibize covered with shining white hair on outer side, the.

tarsi with bright orange hair on inner side; middle and

hind femora robust. Abdomen shining, very minutely

and not densely punctured; sides of basal segment, and

broad bands on sides of second to fourth, and a complete

apical band on fifth, of dense pure white tomentum, not

sharply defined mesad ; apex truncate, dark reddish.

Mfongosi, Zululand, 1914 (W. E. Jones). South African

Museum.

A remarkable species, known by its black colour and

strong punctures. It looks something like a small Crocisa,

Morgania fortis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 12°5 mm., anterior wing 9°5 mm.

Head and thorax, mandibles, antenne, tegulze, and legs

black ; wings deep fuliginous; abdomen shining, bright

ferruginous, without hair-bands or patches above or below,

only the truncate apex dark ; head broad ; clypeus strongly

produced, the whole face and clypeus with appressed very

pale brown hair; mandibles very broad at base; flagellum

thick ; a polished space on each side of ocelli; mesothorax

and scutellum closely and very coaxgely punctured, the

mesothorax sulcate in middle, the scutellum bigibbous ;

thorax with very short inconspicuous black or very dark

hair; mesopleura shining, with very coarse punctures;

tegule finely punctured; b.n. going basad of t.-m. ; second

s.m. large, receiving first r.n, about middle; second r.n.

208 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

meeting outer t.-c, a little on the outer side; truncation of

* marginal cell only moderately broad; spurs very pale

reddish ; abdomen with very sparse weak punctures.

Maboki, Lydenburgh, Transvaal (Ff. J. Kroegor). South

African Museum.

Remarkable for the large size and clear red abdomen with-

out hair-bands. There is some resemblance to M. nigrives

(Friese), but the wings are quite differently coloured.

Sphecodes hemirhodurus, sp. n.

? .—Length 5 mm.

Head and thorax black; abdomen with the first two

segments bright ferruginous, the others black, except a little

red at sides of base of third ; mandibles bidentate, bright

ferruginous in middle; face broad, covered with greyish-

white hair, not hiding the clypeus, which has large

punctures; flagellum clear ferrugimous beneath, except at

base ; front and vertex well punctured ; mesothorax and

‘scutellum polished, with large sparse punctures ; area of

metathorax semilunar, with a few very strong irregular

branching ridges, enclosing about eight areas ; tegulee- very

small, basally brown, apically whitish. Wings hyaline,

faintly dusky, nervures fuscous, stigma very dark. Knees,

anterior tibiz in front, and small joints of tarsi ferruginous.

Abdomen shining, sparsely and very finely punctured,

depressed at base of second segment.

Kimberley, March 1913 (Bro. Power). South African

Museum.

Known among the Ethiopian species by its small size,

It closely resembles the European 8S. affinis, Hagens, but

has the flagellum shorter and differently coloured, the sides

of face much more hairy, the mesothorax with strong

punctures, &e.

Crocisaspidia maculata (Friese).

Mfongosi, Zululand (W. H#. Jones). South African

Museum.

Dianthidium calescens, sp. n.

9.—Length about 11°5 mm., anterior wing 9 mm.;

breadth of abdomen 4°6 mm.

Robust, entirely black, including legs, antenne, and the

closely-punctured tegule ; clypeus very densely punctured,

its lower edge crenulate, but not dentate ; face and front

Records of Bees. 209

with abundant fulvous hair, but vertex with dark brown;

mesothorax densely rugoso-punctate, entirely dull ; scutellum

swollen posteriorly, but rounded, entirely dull and rough,

except a small shining space in middle, where the punctures

are distinctly separated ; thorax above with rufo-fulvous

hair, strongly suffused with brown on mesothorax; on

under side of thorax the hair is very pale, but not pure

white. Wings dark grey, with lilacine tints, upper half of

marginal cell dark brown; b.n. going basad of t.-m.;

second r.n. going beyond end of second s.m. as much as

first r.n. is beyond first t.-c. Anterior tibiee and tarsi with

long hair behind; middle and hind tibiz with bright ferru-

ginous hair on inner side; pnlvilli small, but distinct.

Abdomen broad, well-punctured, first segment with long

ochreous hair; second and third with ochreous basally,

fuscous to black apically ; fourth to sixth with coarse but

not dense black hair; ventral scopa reddish yellow, dark

ferruginous on last segment.

Montague, C.C., Oct. 1917 (H#. P. Phillips). South

African Museum.

Slosely related to D. trachusiforme (Anthidium trachusi-

forme, Friese), from Ookiep, about 300 miles north of Cape

Town. It differs from Friese’s species in being larger,

without distinct teeth on clypeal margin, and with much

black hair on abdomen. WD. trachusiforme is: described as

10 mm. long and 4 mm. broad.

Hypanthidium chionopodum, sp. un.

? .—Length about 7:5 mm., anterior wing 6°2 mm.

Compact and robust; entirely black, including mandibles,

antenne, tegule, and legs, but hind margins of abdominal

segments 2 to 5 narrowly pellucid ; front and sides of face |

with long white hair ; clypeus densely punctured, with thin

dull white hair (no black or brown), its lower margin rather

indistinctly crenulate; vertex with long black hair, but that

of occiput pure white; sides of thorax with dense pure

white hair, but dorsum with thin white hair, and long black

hairs intermixed; mesothorax and scutellum densely punc-

tured but glistening; scutellum with the edge rather sharp,

but not much produced, the margin except at sides nearly

straight; tegule feebly and sparsely punctured. Wings

dusky, dark brown in upper half of marginal cell, and more

suffusedly at apex ; b.n. going far basad of t.-m.; first r.n.

strongly curved ; second r.n. going a short distance beyond

end of seconds.m. Anterior tarsi clear ferruginous apically ;

210 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

all the tarsi with dense white tomentum on outer side, and

dark fuscous hair on inner. Abdomen shining, finely

punctured, with tufts of pure white hair at extreme sides ;

ventral scopa glistening white; no pulvilli.

Krantz Kloof, Natal, 1.10.16 and 2.10.16 (Marley,

1026). South African Museum.

This nearly agrees with Cameron’s description of Anthi-

dium melanosomum, from Grahamstown, but in his insect the

apical slope of clypeus is said to be smooth and impunctate,

» and the clypeus has fuscous hair. Unless Cameron’s

description is erroneous, the species must be distinct. It is

also very like A. /anipes, Friese, but that insect seems to have

no dark hair on head or thorax. A. /anipes is recorded from

“ Marienhof (Ukerewe Insel), Deutsch Ost-Afrika,”’ so one

would expect it to be distinct. Possibly the three species

are all races of one, but this cannot be definitely affirmed at

present.

Anthidium albolineatum, sp. n.

2? .—Length about 7°5 mm., anterior wing 6 mm.

Compact and robust, black, without light markings,

except that abdominal segments 1 to 5 have very narrow

white tegumentary bands ; sides of face, cheeks, and sides

of thorax with abundant white hair; mandibles light ferru-

ginous apically, but the teeth black ; clypeus simple, very

densely punctured, elevated in middle; vertex and front

dull and very densely punctured ; mesothorax and scutellum

closely punctured, but glistening between the punctures ;

margin of scutellum produced over metathorax, but not

acute; hair of thorax above scanty and pale, with some

brownish intermixed, but not easily seen ; vertex with long

dark fuscous hair, contrasting with the shining white hair

of occiput ; tegule shining piceous, with the margin white.

Wings slightly dusky; b.n. going a short distance basad of

t.-m.; second r.n. meeting outer t.-c., a little on the outer

side. Legs with pale hair, dark rufous on inner side of

tarsi; spurs creamy white. First ventral abdominal seg-

ment marked with ferruginous; ventral scopa long and pure

white ; abdomen above very thinly hairy, many of the hairs

brown ; no pulvilli.

Mfongosi, Zululand, April 1916 (W. #. Jones). South

African Museum.

On account of the black head and narrow abdominal

bands, this resembles A. capense, Cam.=burerum, Brauns

(both names published in 1905), but the scopa is quite

differently coloured.

Records of Bees. 211

Megachile meiliferina, Cockerell.

Pilgrim’s Rest, Transvaal (LZ. Schumke.) South African

Museum,

Mayachile perniciosa pallipennis, Friese.

Smithfield, O.R.C. (Kannemeyer). South African Museum.

Andrena vierecki, Cockerell.

Boulder, Colorado, April 15, 1920, 9 (Hlery R. Becker).

Andrena beckeri, sp. n.

? .—Length 7 mm., anterior wing 5°8 mm.

Black, of ordinary form, resembling the species allied to

A. nasoni, Rob., but without the broadly cuneate hind tibiz.

Head and thorax with long pale greyish hair, except dorsally,

where it is rich fulvous, becoming exceedingly rich ferru-

ginous on scutellum; head broad, facial quadrangle much

broader than long ; malar space linear; process of labrum

emarginate; clypeus shining, with sparse but distinct

punctures, arranged more or less in transverse rows, no

median elevated line; facial fovezee broad (equal to about

three-quarters distance between eyes and ocelli), reaching

a little below level of upper edge of clypeus, whitish, suffused

with pale reddish at the upper end; front dull, striate, and

more or Jess punctured ; antennz rather long, black, the

flagellum faintly brownish beneath; mesothorax moderately

shining, but the surface microscopically cancellate anteriorly,

and otherwise closely minutely punctured, with scattered

larger punctures ; scutellum shining ; area of metathorax

dull and granular, scarcely defined ; tegule shining black.

Wings hyaline, faintly greyish apically, not at all reddish;

stigma well developed, pale orange, nervures fuscous; b.n.

falling a little short of t.-m.; second s.m. receiving first r.n.

about middle. Legs with pale hair, tibial scopa greyish

white, slightly blackish basally, not conspicuously plumose ;

hair on the inner side of hind tarsi dull white. Abdomen

shining, without distinct punctures, the microscope shows

lineolation and sparse very minute punctures ; second seg-

ment depressed much less than half; segments 2 to 4 with

dense dull white hair-bands, broadly interrupted on 2,

narrowly on 3, entire on 4; apex with pale, slightly brown-

ish hair. The third antennal joint is about 270 yu long, the

next two together about 24.0 uw.

212 Dr. W. E. Collinge on the

Boulder, Colorado, March 24, 1920 (Elery R. Becker).

Visits flowers of Townsendia exscapa (Rich.), which is the

first spring flower in the locality. This might be taken for

A. nasoni, var. fulvodorsata, Viereck, but the clypeus is quite

different, and the wings are differently coloured. On account

of the red hair on scutellum, it resembles A. scutellaris, Rob.,

but that has first r.n. joining the oblique second s.m, far

beyond middle, much weaker abdominal bands, &c.

Bombomelecta semifulva, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 14°5 mm., anterior wing 10°5 mm.

Black, somewhat elongate, the thorax above and first

abdominal segment densely clothed with fulvous hair; head

very broad, with prominent eyes, and projecting clypeus ;

hair of head a peculiar sooty grey, partly reddish on clypeus,

thick and black on outer side of scape, long and broadly

tipped with black on upper part of cheeks behind; third

antennal joint a little longer than fourth; sides and venter

of thorax with mouse-coloured hair, very broadly tipped

with black on mesopleura ; metathorax with similar, largely

. black, hair; scutellum with the usual spines, hidden by

hair; tegule black. Wings stained with brown, but not

dark. Legs with mouse-coloured hair, black on inner side

of tarsi. Abdomen beyond first segment with appressed

greyish-brown hair, mixed with longer black hair, which

becomes more abundant on the apical half; no trace of

bands or spots.

Boulder, Colorado, May 17, 1920 (Elery R. Becker).

A very distinct species, perhaps nearest to B. pacifica

(Cress.), but readily known by the hair on abdomen.

XXVI.—A Preliminary Study of the Structure and Function

of the Cutaneous Glands in the Terrestrial Isopoda. By

Water E. Coiiinez, D.Sc., F.L.8., The University,

St. Andrews.

[Plates II, & II.7

INTRODUCTION.

It has frequently been pointed out by investigators upon the

minute anatomy of the Terrestrial [sopoda, how numerous

are the difficulties that are presented in connection with the

preservation and preparation of the different organs for

histulogical investigation. Huet (3) has very truly stated that

Cutaneous Glands in the Terrestrial Isopoda. 213

one is obliged to create a particular technique in such work,

for what succeeds in the case of other invertebrates—indeed,

in one group of crustaceans—fails to give results.

In working at the general anatomy of the Terrestrial

Isopoda, I have been compelled to make numerous experi-

ments with various media. Many have proved ineffectual,

but a few have given excellent results, this enabling one

to progress beyond the point reached by previous workers.

The peculiar caudal or cutaneous glands are a case in point,

and form the subject of the present paper. Hitherto their

structure and distribution has remained only partially

known owing to imperfect or faulty methods of preparation.

These bodies are now described and figured in detail fora

single species, viz., Porcellio dilatatus, Brandt, but practically

all the British species of woodlice have been examined and

partly worked out. At a later date I hope to give full

details and figures of the distribution and __ histological

structure of these glands in a large number of genera and

species, together with some remarks upon their morphological

significance—the present paper being merely a preliminary

study, as expressed in its title.

Historicat Review.

The structures which form the subject of this paper were

first described by Lereboullet in 1850 (5), who writes :—“ Up

to the preseut no one has described the special organ of

secretion in the woodlice. One knows, however, that these

crustacea, principally the Porcellios, allow a flowing matter

to escape from their caudal appendages, which recalls the

silk of a spider, although much less consistent.

“ Quite often, in touching the extremity of an appendage

with the finger, one succeeds in drawing off a thread of two

or three centimetres length and upwards ; as soon as it

breaks it floats in the air like an exceedingly fine spiders’

web.

“T have discovered the organs which are the seat of this

secretion. They are small compound glands situated at the

origin of the first articulation of the caudal appendages, in

the most posterior part of the abdominal cavity on the sides

of the rectum.”

After briefly describing his method of preparation, this

author continues :—“‘ These glands, numbering from four to

six on each side, measure on an average ‘00 mm., they are

composed of a variable number (about a score) of transparent

vesicles of irregularly conical form; the contracted portions

214 Dr. W. E. Collinge on the

of which converge towards the central part of the gland,

giving this last the aspect of a little rosette. Each of the

composing vesicles is finely granulated, an appearance which

without doubt is due to the epithelium covering it internally ;

their diameter varies greatly, the largest measuring at their

base "75 mm. Several times I have seen a rather fine tube

become detached from the glandular mass; this tube is,

without doubt, an excretory canal; but I am ignorant as to

how these very fine canals behave in the interior of the

appendage. In the middle of each gland one or two opaque

bodies can be seen, which have the appearance of granular

nuclei. These bodies, ordinarily double or triple, are, I

believe, rudimeutary vesicles, which will subsequently develop

and will become similar to the other vesicles. This, I think,

must be their rdle there, since one almost always sees

around them transparent but much smaller vesicles than the

others.

‘“‘T have verified the existence of these glandular bodies

in the genera of woodlice Porcellio and Armadillidium.

No doubt but that they are the seat of the viscous secre-

tion produced by these animals, for they themselves are

very viscous, and their adherence to the needles or to the

neighbouring parts, is one of the difficulties of their

preparation.

“The presence of these excretory organs is an interesting

fact with regard to the bearing of zoological affinites. One

knows that the silk of spiders is due to numerous vesicles

contained in the abdomen: the matter secreted by these

vesicles issues by the spinnerets aud presents scarcely

any greater consistency at the moment of issue than the

flowing matter of the woodlice, But in the spider the

viscous substance coming out by the numerous holes of

the sieve which terminates each spinueret, finishes by

forming a rough tough thread, while in the woodlice, this

matter issues by a single orifice.”

Lereboullet’s description is very imperfect. His reference

to the number of the glands as being four to six probably

refers to the number of groups. He evidently observed the

three nuclei, but was wrong in supposing that each would

become a separate vesicle, and that the glands were com-

pound. Further, the entire absence of any reference to these

glands in the mesosome would seem to indicate that he

observed them only in the metasome.

Max Weber (9) in 1881 published his researches on the

Trichoniscide, in which memoir he points out that in

addition to the occurrence of these glands, which he rightly

Cutaneous Glands in the Terrestrial Isopoda. 215

regarded as unicellular bodies, in the metasome, he found

them in the 5th, 6th, and 7th segments of the mesosome in

the Trichoniscide, Ligidium, Philoscia, and Porcellio pictus.

He speaks of the excretory canals as one joining the other

before opening externally, whilst others terminate by an

aborization of slits or ‘‘ Spatten.”’

Still later, Huet (2 & 3) studied the structure of these

bodies. His account differs in many details from both that

of Lereboullet and Max Weber. ‘The full details were set

forth in 1883.

According to this author the glands are not compound,

but agglomerated unicellular glands ; they are lobed, and each

contains two nuclei. Between the two nuclei he describes a

hollow cavity or vestibule, from which the excretory canal

proceeds. The canals never join one another, each opening

by a separate pore.

Like Max Weber, Huet observed the glands in the meso-

some as well asin the metasome*. In Porcellio levis, he

states that they are present in all the segments of the

mesosome and metasome, the former haying peculiar sieve-

like openings “‘on the superior face of the epimeres, quite

close to their edge.... The number of openings in each

sieve indicates the number of glands occupying each epimere.

It is about 30 to 35 in Porcellio levis.” The glands of the

metasome open in a groove on the external side of the

external articulation of the uropods, the openings being

arranged in linear series.

In P. scaber they are described as being similar, but in

addition the glands of the last three metasomatic segments

have proper openings, but these are not present on segments

1 and 2, which are partly covered by the posterior portion

of the mesosome. ‘They are present in the telson, he states,

and open as usual on the uropods.

In P. frontalis (= Porcellionides pruinosus, Brandt) he

states that they only occur in the metasome and telson, and

all open on the uropods. ‘The same condition obtains in

Oniscus and Armadillidium, according to Huet.

In Ligia oceanica, the Marine Isopoda, and in Asellus

aquaticus they are stated to be absent, and not present in the

embryo or newly hatched isopod.

* On p. 365, Huet draws attention to the fact that Max Weber had

pointed them out “not only in the metasome, but also in the 5th, 6th, and

7th segments of the thorax or mesosome in the Trichoniscide, then in

Ligidium, Philoscia, and Porcellio pictus,” but on p. 370 (op. cit.) he says

“Max Weber, who has only seen them on the posterior segments of the

body,” ete.

216 Dr. W. E. Collinge on the

They are derived from the conjunctive tissue.

Nebeski (7) in 1880 pointed out that there were light and

dark coloured cells among the species he studied, and Ide

confirmed this, suggesting that tle larger the cells are, the

more the division into two zones is acceutuated.

In 1891 (4) Ide briefly described these glands in Oniscus

asellus ; he states “ that they are present in the uropoda and

the last three abdominal segments, the canals of which are

all directed towards the cuticle of the uropoda. The urostyle

(=the expodite) is entirely filled with these glands and a

series are situated by the side of the intestine. Each gland

opens separately and their orifices are disposed in two or

three rows.”

There are four nuclei, he states, in each cell. Two, seen

by Huet, containing large nucleoli and a network not very

rich in nuclein, are lodged in the secreting mass itself. The

third nucleus is small and oval; it is found almost between

the two first on a level with the union of the excretory canal

with the principal mass. A fourth nucleus is constantly

met with on the excretory canal itself. It is extremely

flattened® and scarcely surrounded by a thin protoplasmic

layer.

"There is considerable variety in the form of the glandular

cells, and there is no vestible in the cells as described by

Huet. The glands produce a viscous material, which takes

the form of very tenuous but rather resistant filaments.

It will be noticed that Ide makes no mention of any glands

in the mesosome.

Finally, in 1907, Verhoeff (8) very briefly pointed out

the distribution of these glands in numerous genera, and

endeavoured to utilize the position of the pores for syste-

matic purposes. In spite of the very brief and fragmentary

descriptions given by this author, he was the first to

reconize the true segmental nature of the cutaneous glands,

and regarded it as a primitive feature in the organization of

the Isopoda.

Terr OccURRENCE IN THE ONISCOIDEA.

To what extent these glands occur in the Oniscoidea it is

at present difficult to say. I have satisfied myself of their

presence in the following British genera :-—Ligidium,

Trichoniscus, Oniscus, Philoscia, Porcellio, Porcelhonides,

Cylisticus, and Armadiilidium. They are also present in

Cubaris, Hemilepistus, and other exotic genera—indeed, I see

no reason to doubt their presence in most, if not all, of the

genera of this Order that are purely terrestrial in habit.

Cutaneous Glands in the Terrestrial Isopoda. 217

SrructureE In Porcerzio prraratus, Larr.

For the purpose of a preliminary study of the distribution

and histological structure of these glands, the species

Porcellio dilatatus, Latr., was chosen, although many other

species have been examined ; but uniess otherwise stated the

following description and remarks apply to that species.

Apart from dissection, trausverse, longitudinal, and

horizontal sections have been made, aid various methods

Spe

Typical appearance of a cutaneous gland and

excretory canal in section.

adopted for the examination of the pleural plates of the

segments. A modification of that described by me in 1918

(1) has given very satisfactory results.

In form the glands vary in size and shape according to

their period of development, but a typical fully developed

gland consists of a somewhat spherical mass with a series of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 15

218 Dr. W. E. Collinge on the

more or less conical or pyriform outgrowths. In section

such bodies have the appearance shown in text-figure 1.

Variations from this are described later.

In P. dilatatus these glands are distributed along ie

lateral portions of the mesosomatic segments, and open to

the surface on the margins of the pleural plates. They occur

in all the seven segments.

In the metasome six to ten glands were found on each

side of the intestine in segments 4 and 5. In some sections

traces of the glands appeared in segment 38, but I am not yet

satisfied that these were naturally there. In the basipodite

of the uropod 2Q to 24 were counted and 12 and 15 in the

expodite of this appendage. Hach of these metasomatic

glands has a separate and distinct canal, which opens on to

the lateral surface of the basipodite or the expodite.

As already pointed out, the appearance of a gland varies

when seen in section. When dissected out, all more or less

assume the form of a rosette (Pl. II. fig. 2). In the above

enumeration, only those glands are counted which have

reached a stage beyond that shown in PI. II. fig. 5

Microscopic DEscrIPTION.

The minute structure of these bodies is best seen in the

series of glands in the metasome, and, after examining a very

large series of sections, the following cytological details have

been made out.

Each gland arises as a very minute isolated cell (Pl. II.

fig. 3), almost spherical in shape and containing proto-

plasmic contents that stain but lightly. These cells are

easily identified and distinguished from other isolated cells

by reason of their nnusually large single nucleus, which

contains a little nuclein. As the cells grow they assume a

variety of shapes (PI. II. fig. 4), all of which more or

less exhibit indications of a partial division. Figure 5

(Pl. II.) shows a rather later stage in ,which there are

two ae and the three divisions are very marked, and also

the commencement of the second and third nucleus. As I

shall] explain later, the nuclei here figured, although four in-

number, do not ali correspond with those described by Ide.

In a much later stage (PI. 11. fig. 6) a section of a cell

is shown in which the three nuclei have taken up their

characteristic position, the fourth nucleus was not seen

after the previous stage, and I conclude that either it

disappears whilst still very small or fuses with one of the

remaining three nuclei.

Cutaneous Glands in the Terrestrial Tsopoda. 219

The gland-cell is now a typical rosette (PI. II. fig. 2),

aud in section assumes a variety of shapes (PI. II. fig. 7

& Pl. III. fig. 8).

Ihave nothing to add to the description of the proto-

plasm and nucleus of Ide, excepting that in those cells

containing vacuoles these latter may be fairly small

(Pl. ILI. fig. 9) or large spaces (PI. III. fig. 10) filled with

a non-granular secretion.

So far as my observations go, I am unable to agree with or

corroborate Ide’s account of the nuclei. His third nucleus

may be the same as that here figured, but his fourth nucleus

is, I my sf ures one of the nuclei of the excretory duct

(Pl. IIL. fig. 12). In darkly stained specimens these can be

seen from the commencement of the duct and traced at

irregular intervals down to within a short distance of the

external opening.

‘In neither P. dilatatus or P. scaber could any sieve-

plates, as described by Huet, be found on the dorsal surface

of the pleural plates. On the other hand, a very definite

series of pores could be distinctly made out on the antero-

lateral border of the pleural plates in both of the above-

meutioned species (Pl. ILI. fig. 13), and the secretion could

be drawn out, after being placed in dilute alcohol, in

long thread-like strands.

It is exceedingly difficult to demonstrate these openings

microscopically, but in pleura from which the under half

had been removed, and then treated with formic acid,

distinct pores could be clearly made out.

In the process of mounting and examining the pleural

plates one frequently sees oval or circular areas having a

sieve-like appearance, but these are due to physical causes,

such as the mixing of a tiny drop of alcohol and xylol,

the chemical action of acids, ete.

Pleural plates of various species were also treated by

the hydrochloric acid and permanganate of soda method (1)

and various other methods with similar results. I am there-

fore of opinion’ that the sieve-plates of Huet do not exist,

but that there are cutaneous glands in the mesosomatic

segments there cannot: be the slightest doubt. In P. dila-

tutus these glands are repeated in each segmeut of the

mesosome, and in segments 4 and 5 (possibly also in sezment

3) of the metasome, and also in the uropoda.

FuNCTION.

Like many other glandular structures in the Crustacea,

15*

220 Dr. W. E. Collinge on the

it is exceedingly difficult to state what the true function

of these glands is; their presence, however, in so many

genera and species is at least indicative of their importance.

Max Weber (9) regarded them as in some way conuected

with the organs of respiration, but there is little or no

evidence to support such a view.

Huet (3), whilst confessing that it was easier to state in

what way they do not serve than to assign a function to

them, suggests that possibly they are connected with the

disagreeable odour which the Terrestrial Isopoda possess, and

that added to this the secretion may havea disagreeable taste

to enemies.

In Porcellionides pruinosus the secretion is, at times, very

copious. A few living specimens were dropped into 90 per

cent. alcohol and after a few minutes removed, when it was

found that they were more or less bound together im a

bundle by reason of the viscous strands of the secretion.

The same result was obtained when specimens of Porcellio

dilatatus were treated in a similar manner.

The former species exhibits in life a very beautiful

“bloom ” over the whole of the dorsal surface of the body,

but whether it is in any way due to the secretion of the

cutaneous glands we have no direct evidence. Jour

specimens of this species were taken and the “ bloom ” very

carefully removed by wiping it off with a piece of soft silk,

but on examining these specimens twenty-four hours later

it was just as plentiful as on those specimens from which

it had not been removed.

Careful experiments show that the secretion is more

copiously extruded after the animal is disturbed. Speci-

mens of P. dilatatus were confined to a small petri dish and

frequent attempts made to pick them up with a pair of

forceps. After chasing the specimens about for two or three

minutes, one could, by holding a specimen in a pair of forceps,

easily see large quantities of the secretion along the pleural

plates of the mesosome and more particularly so on the

metasome andthe uropoda. There is no difficulty in drawing

off strands of 15 to 80 mm. in length.

Attempts were made to collect some of the secretion,

though unsuccessfully, but when it was drawn off by the

fingers its peculiar and disagreeable odour was easily

recognized, it being faintly discernible even after washing the

hands.

From the above imperfect data I am inclined to agree

with Huet that the function of these glands is to secrete a

Te) Yn

Cutaneous Glands in the Terrestrial Tsopoda. 221

viscous fluid, which has a disagreeable odour and which is

probably protective.

SUMMARY AND CoNCLUSION.

1. In this preliminary study we have satisfied ourselves

that the Cutaneous Glands, first described by Lereboullet,

are present in a large number of genera and_ species of

Terrestrial Tsopoda.

2. That they are glandular, segmentally arranged organs,

differing slightly in position and number according to the

genus or species.

3. In Porcellio dilatatus there are glands present in all the

seven mesosomatic segments, which open to the surface by

fine canals on the borders of the pleural plates. In the

metasome they are present in segments (3 ?), 4, and 5 and in

the uropoda.

4. In all cases they are agglomerated unicellular bodies

with three nuclei, aud lead into fine excretory canals which

open on to the surface of the body.

5. The early stages and development are here described

for the first time. ,

6. They are probably protective in function.

BiBLioGRAPHY.

(1) CoLttince, WALTER E.—“On the Oral Appendages of certain

Species of Marine Isopoda.” Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. 1918,

pp. 65-93, pls. vii.—ix.

(2) Huet, 1.— Sur l’existence d’organes segmentaires chez certains

Crustacés Isopodes.” Compt. Rendus, 1882.

(3) Hunt, L. “Nouvelles recherches sur les Crustacés Isopodes.’

Journ. l’Anat, et Physiol. 1883, pp. 241-376, pls. xii.-xv.

(4) Ipr, Maniiixz.-—Glandes Cutanées a canaux intracellulaires chez

les Crustacés Edriophthalmes.” La Cellule, 1891, vii. pp. 845-

374, pls. 1., il.

(5) Lerrpoutter, A.—‘ Mémoire sur les Crustacés de la famille des

Cloportides,” etc. Mem. Soc. Nat. Hist. Strasb. 1858, iv.

pp. 1-130, pls. i.—x. f

(6) Luypia, F.—‘ Untersuchungen zur Anatomie u. Histologie d.

Thiere.’ Bonn, 1885.

(7) Nepesx1, O.—“ Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Amphipoden d. Adria.”

Arb. zool. Inst. Wien, 1880, pl. vill.

($) Veruorrr, K. W.—“ Uber Isopoden. Zur Kenntnis der Porcelli- ©

onides.” SB. Gesellseh. nat. Fr. 1907, pp. 229-281.

(g) Weser, Max.—“ Anatomisches tiber Trichonisciden,” Arch. Mikr,

Anat. 1881, xix. pp. 579-648, T. 28, 29.

222 Miss J. B. Procter on the

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Prats II.

Fig. 1. Semi-diagrammatie figure of Porcellio dilatatus, indicating the

regions s of the metasome occupied by the cutaneous glands.

Fig. 2. Single isolated gland.

Figs. 3-6. Stages in the “development of a gland.

Fig. 7. Typical section of a gland, showing nuclei.

Puate III.

Fig. 8. Typical section of a gland, showing the excretory tubuli and

canal,

Figs. 9 & 10. Sections of glands containing vacuoles.

Fig. 11. Nucleus of a gland.

Fig. 12. Nuclei of the excretory canals.

vg. 13. Terminal portion of a pleural plate, showing openings of

canals,

XXVII.—A Note on the Tail of Spelerpes fuscus, Bonaparte.

By Joan B. Procter, F.Z.8

IN certain salamanders of the family Piaioaneee the tail

has been the subject of several interesting studies. Pre-

hensibility, autotomy, structure of the dermis, and toxic

secretions are all cited. For example:—Mr. Van Benburgh,

in “Notes on the Habits and Distribution of Autodax

aécanus’’?*, says, ‘‘'The tail of this Autodax is prehensile.

Several individuals, when held with the head down, coiled

their tails around my finger, and, when the original hold was

released, sustained themselves for some time by this means,

. «+ The animal’s tail is also of use to it in another way.

When caught, Autodax ié-anus will often remain motionless,

but if touched will either run a short distance with great

speed, or, quickly raising its tail and striking it forcibly

against the surface on which it rests, and accompanying this

act with a quick motion of the hind limbs, will Jamp from

four to six inches, rising as high as two or three.”

Miss Hubbard, in her interesting paper ‘ Correlated Pro-

tective Devices in some California Salamanders” +, has

studied the autotomy, toxic secretions, and glandular

thickening of the tail.

‘The tail of our European Spelerpes fuscus i is only endowed

with one of the above uses, prevalent among its American

allies—prehensibility,—but it has also another function to

perform.

* Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, vol. v. (1895).

+ Uniy. Cal. Pub., Zool. vol. i. no, 4 (1903),

Ore See ee

Tail of Spelerpes fuscus, Bonaparte. 223

I have studied the habits of sixteen specimens for a period

of eighteen months, and find that the end of the tail is largely

used as a tactile organ, and that the terminal half or tiree-

quarters of an inch is extremely sensitive.

When climbing they frequently pause and feel about them

with the end of the tail, using it as an insect uses its antennze

or as an elephant feels about with the tip of its trunk, In

this manner they either find something to grasp with the tail,

or else, satisfied that there is nothing suitable, progress, and

then again grope about. They are extremely fond of

climbing the plants of their vivarium, and when doing so

this method of using their tails is plainly very helpful to

them ; they grope from side to side in a helpless manner

when walking up glass.

Another proof of tactility is that they cannot bear to

be picked up by their tails or have the end pinched, and fling

themselves about in the wildest contortions if not imme-

diately released.

When taking a prolonged walk Spelerpes fuscus nearly

always carries the tail clear of the ground, or with at least

the end portion held well up. This is presumably to keep it

from becoming callous or injured in any way by obstacles.

In this the species differs from Plethodon cinereus, of which

Miss Cochran says * :—‘ The body is not always lifted from

the ground when the creature is walking—the tail never.”

I cannot find any other references to this point, but it is

probable that all the salamanders of this family which

habitually walk with the tail held up do so for the same

reasons.

In the young Spelerpes fuscus the tail is equally sensitive,

if not more so. One born in my vivarium on May 8th, 1920,

always lifted its tail off the ground when walking, usually

with the end curled upwards. As the little creature was

but 30 mm, long, with a tail 13 mm. long, this method of

carrying the tail like a retriever spaniel gave it a ludicrous

appearance.

Observations of this kind can only be made when the

Spelerpes are thoroughly awake and active—that is to say,

after dark, and when the temperature is not too low. At

such times they are thoroughly alert, as can be seen by their

rapid and regular respiration.

I should like to take this opportunity to thank M. G.-F.

de Witte for his gift of the living specimens from which

these observations have been made.

* Biol. Bull. vol. xx, (1911).

224 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

XXVIIL.— The Systematic Value of the Glans Penis in

Macaque Monkeys. By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S.

IN his paper on the anatomy of Macacus brunneus from Bhamo

(Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, pp. 203-212), Anderson, described

and figured (p. 209) the penis, but apparently without being

aware of the interest of the facts he recorded.

The glans is represented as an exceedingly long narrow

cone, gradually tapering distally, and nearly four times as

long as its proximal width. It is covered with minute re-

curved spicules. ‘lhe orifice is an elongated slit occupying

the distal third of the lower side of the glans, and this side

has a long angular excavation reaching from its proximal

end, where it is widest, to the middle of the glans, where it is

narrowest, the apex being separated from the proximal end

of the urethral orifice by a narrow bridge of spicular epi-

thelium. The proximal end of the glans is wider than the

portion of the penis to which it is attached, and sharply

marked off from it (fig. 1, H,G). Finally, the glans is

strengthened by a baculum, which extends throughout its

length and was described as curving downwards and forwards

and to be exactly an inch long *.

Although the monkey described by Anderson was imma-

ture, it had cut all its permanent teeth except the last molars.

It may be added that brunneus is regarded as a synonym of

arctoides, Geoffr., the name by which the species was known

until a few years ago. ‘The correct title, however, appears

to be speciosus, Cuv.

In 1919 the Zoological Society purchased an adult male

example of A. speciosus, which was shipped from Calcutta,

but was stated, no doubt correctly, to have come from Burma.

It died in December 1920, thus giving me the opportunity to

check Anderson’s description of the penis.

In most particulars this organ agrees tolerably closely with

that of the specimen examined by Anderson, but there is no

deep notch in the middle of the underside of the proximal

half of the glanst. ‘The glans is long, tapering, slightly

upturned at the end, which is bent a little to the left. It is

everywhere roughened with recurved spicules, and is capable

of being bent on the basal portion of the penis at a cousiderable

* The woodcuts from which this description of the penis has been

taken are indifferent figures.

+ I can make no suggestion as to the significance of this discrepancy,

unless two species are involved. In that case 1 do not know which, if

either, should take the name speciosus.

Glans Penis in Macaque Monkeys. 225

he hed *

angle or brought into the same line with it. Both the orifice

and the urethral canal are capable of considerable dilatation,

but in the rest of the penis the channel is a narrow cylindrical

Fie, 1.

Penis of Lyssodes sprciosus withdrawn trom prepuce, from the left

side, the animal supine.

. Distal half of glans of the same with urethral orifice spread.

. Inferior aspect of glans of the same, showing the terminal slit-like

orifice undistended.

The same with the orifice spread, the daeu/wm in the middle line.

Lateral view of baculum extracted.

Ventral view of the same.

. Dorsal view of glans of the specimen named brunneus by Anderson.

. Ventral view of the same.

. Lateral view of glans of Z. fuscatus.

. Lateral view of baculum of the same.

. Ventral view of baculum of the same.

PROM Ob

Figs. A-F are two-thirds natural size.

Figs. H, G are copied from Anderson.

Figs. I-L are copied from Murie.

tube. This portion of the penis is short as compared with

the glans (fig. 1, A, B, C, D).

The baculum which is 42 mm. long instead of 25 mm. as

recorded in his subadult example by Anderson, is subcircular

226 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

in section, although slightly compressed in its distal fourth

except at the upturned * apex, which exhibits a small ovate

thickening. ‘Lhe proximal end, where the bone becomes

spongy, is much expanded, but between this expanded portion

aud the apex the shaft gradually narrows (fig. 1, E, F).

On pp. 784-785 of the volume of the Proc. Zool. Soe.

containing Anderson’s description of AZ. brunneus, Murie

described the external male genitalia of the Japanese macaque

which he named Macacus speciosus, The name now adopted

is A. fuscatus, Blyth. I think we must assume, provisionally

at all events, that Murie’s identification was correct, although

I do not know the history of the specimen he examined.

The glans penis itself appears to be shaped very much as

in the Burmese species A/. speciosus, being broad at the base,

where it is bent at an angle on the proximal portion of the

organ ; from the base it tapers towards the apex, which is

slightly upturned and slightly expanded; but, as Murie pointed

out, its surface is quite smooth, and not spicular T (fig. 1, I).

Despite the similarities in the glans, the bacula of the two

species are very different, That of the Japanese species is

nearly straight, narrowed and pointed at its proximal end,

lanceolate at its distal end, with its lower surface widely

channelled. It is in this latter respect that it differs so

markedly from the subcylindrical baculum of the Burmese

form. ‘he bone was 50 mm. long (fig. 1, K, L).

Curiously enough, neither Anderson nor Murie appears to

have been particularly impressed by the peculiarities of the

glans penis in these two species, nor aware that it differs

profoundly from the glans in all the commoner species of

macaques, such as sinicus, rus and its allies, rhesus, and

* Anderson described the baculum of his specimen as turned down-

wards at the apex. ‘The description was probably drawn up after the

bone had been cleaned for examination, and I suspect its upper and

under surfaces were confused.

+ On examining Murie’s figure (p. 785) of the penis, I was at first in-

clined to think that the glans differs materially from that of the Burmese

species in being bent upwards upon the proximal portion of the organ,

with the thickening at the angle on the under side, instead of on the

upper side as in the Burmese animal, and the apex turned slightly down-

wards instead of upwards. This was due to my interpreting the dark

shading on the right-hand portion of the figure of the glans as repre-

senting a long slit-like urethral orifice extending from the proximal end

of the glans over rather more than two-thirds of its length. In that

case the orifice, both in position and length, would differ remarkably

from that of the Burmese species. It would be unjust, however, to

believe Murie capable of overlooking such a difference. Hence we must

assume that his figure of the penis represents the right aspect of that

organ, the upper side being above and the under side below. The

shading, in question, is probally only a groove in the epithelium.

Glans Penis in Macaque Monkeys. 227

nemestrinus, although it is true that Murie states the baculum

of the rhesus to be relatively solid and only half the size of

that of the Japanese macaque.

Romtoath vow >

In the species named the glans is much shorter than the

ie, 2:

Glans penis of Macaca nemestrina from the side, X, X marking the

Cr<. . . . , . iy . Se

position and leneth of the labiate terminal orifice of the urethra,

. The same from below,

. The same from above, X marking the proximal end of the baculum.

. The same from the front, with the labia of the terminal orifice

dilated, showing the eccentric inner opening of the urethra.

. Glans penis of Macaca trus from the side.

The same from above,

. Glans penis of Zati sinicus from the side.

. The same from above.

Penis, partiaJly withdrawn, of Z. stnicus, another specimen.

. Glans penis of same specimen from the front, with labia separated, to

show eccentric orifice of urethral canal.

All figures two-thirds natural size. Drawings made from adult

examples.

‘oximal portion of the penis, and, setting sinicus for a

oment on one side, is bluntly rounded at the apex and forms

an irregularly rounded or ovate, soft, cushion-like cap * to

* Quite appositely likened to a helmet by Retlever and Neuville, who

scribed it in M. fascteularis and rhesus (C, R. Soe. Biol. Paris, Ixxyii,

535, 1914).

228 On the Glans Penis in Macaque Monkeys.

the penis, with the orifice as a vertical terminal slit extending

further on to the dorsal than the ventral side, and eccentric

in the sense that it lies to the right of the middle line, being

pushed as it were out of place by ‘the end of the baculum,

which is actually in the middle line alongside it. There is a

wide and deep angular excision on each side of the glans and

a much smaller one in the middle of its posterior border above.

The surface is covered with small spicules (fig. 2, A-F). Ina

general way the glans of Papio, Cercocebus, Cercopithecus, and

Pithecus (Presbytis) is like that described above; but in

M. sinicus it is modified, although not in the direction leading

to the specialization seen in MZ. fuscatus and speciosus. It is

more coarsely spicular, slightly pointed at the apex, and

hence regularly or irregularly piriform when seen from above ;

but the posterior portion of its upper side is developed into a

transverse crescentic thickening with its concavity looking

forwards (fig. 2, G-K).

In the foregoing paragraphs the species therein discussed

have been referred to the genus Macaca; but the monkeys

commonly called macaques are a heterogeneous mob divided

by authors of the present time into a number of genera and

subgenera which are based for the most part upon unsatis-

factory characters of very little systematic value, such as the

length of the tail, the arrangement of the hairs on the crown

of the head, and so forth. Thus we have Macaca for tnuus

(the Barbary macaque), Silenus for albibarbatus (the wanderoo

of textbooks), Zati for sinieus (the bonnet macaque), ete.

These and other names, with their synonyms, may be found

in Allen’s paper (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxxv. pp. 49-

51, 1916).

It is beyond my present purpose to discuss these genera

and subgenera except in so far as tle penis is concerned.

Unfortunately I am only acquainted with that organ in com-

paratively a few forms. Hence a complete revision of the

genus Macacu, in the widest sense of that name, is impossible.

I think, however, that all systematists will agree in the

impossibility. of classifying speciosus and fuscatus in the same

genus as sinicus, irus, rhesus, and nemestrinus; and it must

be admitted as probable that other species will be found

agreeing with the first two in the particulars connected with

the penis described by Anderson and Murie. For these two

forms the name Lyssodes, Gistel, of which spectosus is the

type, is available. Moreover, the structure of the glans penis

is a useful character for eliminating sinicus from the last three.

For sinicus, Zatt, Reichenbach, appears to be the correct

title, but, pending the discovery of satisfactory evidence that

On a new Species of Bassaricyon. 229

M. inuus differs generically from irus, rhesus, and nemestrinus,

I provisionally, and quite without prejudice, retain the name

Macaca for those forms,

By the structure of the glans penis, then, the genera of

macaques above discussed may be distinguished as follows :—

a. Penis with the glans very long and tapering, and

strengthened by a baculum of corresponding

levgth ; the urethral orifice inferior, in the middle

line beneath the apex of the baculum .......... Genus Lyssodes,

a’. Penis with the glans short, rounded, subovate or

piriform, supported by a short baculum; the

urethral orifice a vertical terminal slit, slightly

eccentric and opening to the right of the apex of

the baculum.

6. Posterior border of upper surface of glans forming

a transverse crescentically curved thickening,

without median notch ......, seein </Hane eA mS Genus Zati.

b', Posterior border of upper surface of glans un-

thickened, but mesially notched ............ Genus Macaca.

The glans penis of A. cnuus, the type of the genus Macaca,

is of the kind stated above under that heading. This was

long ago pointed out by Daubenton (see Buffon and Dauben-

ton, Mammiféres, v. p. 95, 1830 ; Planches, iv. pl. cecexv.

fig. 1, 1833), who described some points in the anatomy of

that species, which he called “ le Magot.”

A fact of interest to be noted is that whereas the adult

males of Macaca irus and Zati sinicus are not very unequal in

size, there is an enormous difference in the relative size of

the penis.

XXIX.—A new Species of Bassaricyon.

By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S.

THe following species of the rare genus Bassaricyon have

been described, their arrangement, in accordance with their

distribution from north to south, being as follows :—

B. richardsoni, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxiv.

pp. 662-668, figs. 5, 7, 9, 11 (1908).

From Rio Grande, Nicaragua.

B. gabbi, Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1876, pp. 20-

23, pl. i.; id. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxiv. pp. 662-

668, figs. 6, 8, 10, 12 (1908).

From Talamanca and Chiriqui in Costa Rica.

230 Mr. R. I. Pocock on a

Huet, Arch. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, (2) v. pp. 1-12,

pls. 1.-xi. (1883), described specimens -referred to

B. gabbi from Caimito in the province of Chorrera,

N.W. Panama.

B. medius, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. pp. 232-

233 (1909).

From Jimincz, mountains inland of Choeé, W. Colombia,

alt. 2400'.

B. alleni, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1880, pp. 397-400;

pl. xxviil. text-figs. 1-4.

Typically from Surayacu on the Bobonasa River, Upper

Palasta River, Ecuador, but stated by Thomas in

1909 to range from Venezuela to Peru, the most

southern locality known being Chanchamayo.

In 1909 Thomas referred the above-cited species to three

groups :—

1, Skull rounded, with very convex frontal pro-

file. General colour less fulvous, more |B. richardson?).

provish Gr brownisl. -ccnper gti s deren eee B. yabbi (and possibly

2. Skull rounded, General colour strongly

PUDLVIGHIS. sinter ix. ai otemenie eecorere weitere ee ene B. medius.

3. Skull comparatively flat and low. Colour

EIWOUS asp caida te ck aoe shies eee ere B, alleni.

Twenty years after the publication of the description of

B. allent Beddard* described the anatomy of a specimen,

captured in the woods at Bastrica on the Essequibo River in

British Guiana, adopting for it the name B. alleni, tentatively

applied to it as a living animal by Dr. Sclater T in 1895.

Allen, apparently on the assumption that the identification of

the animal was cofrect, was inclined to doubt the accuracy

of the locality. It seems to me, however, impossible to set

aside such very precise information as that supplied by Mr, A.

Murray, the donor of the specimen to the Zoological Society.

Fortunately the skeleton of this Bassaricyon has been pre-

served ; and upon comparing the skull with the figures and

desciiption of the skull of B, allenz, I tind in the first place

that the reference of the specimen to that species is quite

untenable, and, in the second place, atter extended inquiry,

that the specimen cannot be referred to any of the described

species, but comes nearer apparently to B. gabli or B. medius

* Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1900, pp. 661-775.

t Dbid. 1895, p. 521.

new Species of Bassaricyon. 231

than to any known form. I purpose, therefore, to describe it

as new, dedicating it to Dr. Beddard, F.R.S., to whom we

owe all that is known of the internal anatomy of this genus.

Bassaricyon beddardi, sp. n.

Bassaricyon alleni, Beddard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 661 (nec Thomas),

All the information we possess about the colour is Beddard’s

record that it was darker than that of B. adleni.

Skull with.muzzle short and low, very much as in B. gabbi.

The interorbital region not elevated and convex as in that

species, but with a median depression and otherwise flat, so

that in profile view the portion of the frontal bones forming

this region does not project above the upper edge of the orbit

Fig. 1.

Lateral view of the skull of Bassaricyon beddardi, nat. size.

anterior to the postorbital process. Area of the cranium

behind the postorbital process more elevated than in B. gabli,

then inclined backwards and slightly downwards, the poste-

rior third of the upper surface of the brain-case somewhat

abruptly sloped to the median occipital prominence. The

zygomatic arch comparatively high, horizontal for some

distance behind the postorbital angle. Palate broad ;

transverse width of upper jaw across the outer edge of the

232 Mr. R. I. Pocock on a

penultimate cheek-teeth (m.") * equalling the length of the

cheek-teeth from the anterior edge of the canine to the poste-

rior edge of the last tooth (m.”) ; a prominent angular process

behind m.’? forming the outer border of a semicircular notch

at the anterior end of the posterior palate, which is wide ;

mesopterygoid fossa also wide, considerably wider than long.

A. Lower side of skull of Bassaricyon beddardi, nat. size.

B. Inferior view of right bulla of B. gabdi, from Chiriqui,

C. Lateral view of left bulla of type of B. alleni.

B and C are from rough unmeasured sketches.

The pterygoids produced inferiorly, so that their spinous

apex, in profile view, projects considerably below the process

formed by the posterior margin of the glenoid. Bulle

depressed behind towards the paroccipital process, most

* Thomas speaks of m.°, as if the premolar-molar formula was 3—3

instead of 4—2.

new Species of Bassaricyon. 233

strongly inflated antero-internally alongside the carotid

foramen.

Measurements of skull of type-specimen.—Greatest length

78 mm.; condylo-basal length 73°5 ; breadth across zygo-

mata 50, interorbital 19, of muzzle behind canines 16°5, of

premaxille across incisors 9, of brain-case 35, of palate 17,

outside first molars 27, of posterior palate across notches 10;

length of palate 40, of cheek-teeth (including canine) 26.

Hab. Bastrica woods, Essequibo River, British Guiana.

Type. Adult female, which lived in the Zoological Gardens

from 1894 to 1900. ‘The skull shows no trace of sutures,

but the teeth are unworn and the temporal crests form two

low, widely separated ridges as wide apart above the

squamosal as the width of the forehead. It may be added

that this skull shows no indication of the osseous deterioration

and malformation so well known in many mammals which

have been captured young and kept for some time in captivity.

Resembling B. gibby, and differing from B, allent and

B. richardsoni, in the width of the palate measured across

the outer edge of the first molars, also in the breadth of the

posterior portion of the palate and of the mesopterygoid fossa,

but differing from B. gabbi in the flatness of the interorbital

region, the uneven curvature of the upper edge of the brain-

case seen in profile view, the somewhat constricted and more

prominent occiput, and in the shape of the zygomatic bar,

which is much more highly arched, especially the portion

behind the postorbital angle. It further differs from thie

three species in the downward extension of the pterygoid,

the apex of which may be seen, in profile view, to project

much lower than the process formed by the posterior rim of

the glenoid. The bulla also is more inflated anteriorly than

in B. gabbi, B. richardsoni, and B. alleni, its lowest point, in

profile view, being almost immediately below the auditory

meatus, and not below the mastoid as in those species. In

the flatness of the forehead B. beddardi seems to resemble

B. allené; but, in addition to the differences pointed out

above, the former may be at once distinguished from the

latter by the shape of the muzzle of the skull, which is a

little narrower and more depressed even than in B. gabbz.

The mandible has a more couvex inferior border than in the

other species, the tooth-bearing portion of the ramus being

more curved. In these respects B. beddardi is most like

B. gabbi, but the summit of the coronoid is very different

in shape in the two and the condyle is much less prominent

than in B. gabbi. Thomas described B. medius as differing

from B. gabbi in having the rounded character of the skull

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 16

234 Mr: H. G) Rowmeonion

less strongly marked. It also has the frontal outline convex

and the interorbital space slightly convex and not flattened.

It is impossible, therefore, to identify the specimen above

described with B, medius, although, like that species, it has

the muzzle smaller and lighter than in B. gabbi. Since

Thomas says nothing about the bulle and the downward

extension of the pterygoid, I presume that in those respects

B. medius is like B. gabbi.

Since writing the foregoing description of B. beddardi and

determining its distinctness from extant descriptions and

published figures, I have compared the skull with the skulls

of the genus Bassaricyon in the British Museum, which, as

identified by Oldfield Thomas, belong to the species allent,

gabbi, and medius. This comparison completely confirms my

previously formed opinion as to the validity of the species.

Although I have laid undue stress upon the downward exten-

sion of the pterygoid, I have no doubt whatever that the

specimen above described represents a hitherto unrecognized

form characterized mainly by the combination of the following

characters :—(1) The flat interorbital region followed by the

high rounded forehead ; (2) the great width of the palate

and mesopterygoid fossa; (3) the anterior inflation of the

bulla.

I may add that in the original figure of the type of B. allenz

the posterior inflation of the bulla, seen from the side, is not

adequately represented, and that in an example of B. gabba

from Chiriqui the styloid portion of the bulla is much more

deeply excavated than in B. beddardi. This point is not

clearly indicated in Allen’s photogravure of the skull (doe. ect.

p- 665, fig. 10).

XXX.— Two new Indo-Malayan Rats.

By Hersert C. Rosinson, C.M.Z.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

EXAMINATION of the type and other specimens in the British

Museum attributed to Lattus rajah (Thos.) shows that two

forms are represented—viz., the true &. rajah trom various

parts of Sarawak, and another from Kina Balu, in British

North Borneo, apparently unnamed, which I propose to call

new Indo-Malayan Rats.

Rattus bandahara, sp. n.

Type. Adult 2 (skin and skull). Collected on Kina Balu,

British North Borneo, in October 1892, by A. H. Everett.

B.M. no. 93. 4. 1. 12.

The representative in the highlands of North Borneo of

the Malayan Rattus surifer (Miller), but rather larger and

with more cinnamon-buff on the thighs; a strongly marked

zine-orange gorget.

Differs from Rattus rajah in having the white of the belly

quite cut off from the feet by the rich colour of the thighs

and by having the base of the fur clear grey, not brown.

Pelage generally more woolly and the spines fewer and more

flexible.

Skull much as in R&R. surifer, the nasals not prolonged

backwards beyond the fronto-maxillary suture as in R. rajah

and L. pellax (Miller).

Dimensions of type :—Hind foot (measured wet) 41°5 mm.

Skull: condylo-basilar length 37°8 ; diastema 12°3; upper

molar series (alveolar) 6°3 ; palatal foramina 6°8 x 4°0 ; least

interorbital breadth 71; zygomatic breadth 20°0; median

length of nasals 16°0; breadth of nasals anteriorly 4°8 mm.

Specimens examined.—Three; the type, another adult, and

a more immature specimen, all from Kina Balu.

Remarks.—Al\l the large Malaysian land areas (Malay

Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and to a less extent Java)

possess each their representative form of the numerous indige-

nous rats which occur throughout the region. It has hitherto

been assumed that &. pellaz was unrepresented in Borneo,

while Jt. rajah was the representative of the mainland

kk. surifer, L.rajahis, however, the form allied to &. pellaz,

while the above-described race is that representative of

RR. surifer.

Rattus panglima, sp. n.

Type. Adult ¢ (skin and skull). Collected on Palawan

by A. H. Everett. B.M. no. 94. 2.1.11.

The local representative of 2. surifer (Miller), from which

it differs in the extremely dull colour above, free from any

tinge of zinc-orange, inclining to lavender on the sides. A

narrow line of white joins the underparts to the feet. Under-

fur apparently grey, but pelage much degraded.

Skull asin R. surifer, but the nasals very broad anteriorly

and rapidly contracting.

Dimensions of type: —Hind foot (measured wet) oa mm.

236 Mr. R. Gurney on

Skull: condylo-basilar length 39°3 ; diastema 12°9 ; upper

molar series (alveolar) 6°9; palatal foramina 6°3 x 3:3 ;

palatilar length 19°5; least interorbital breadth 7°2 ; zygo-.

matic breadth (app.) 20°8; median length of nasals 18°8 ;

breadth of nasals anteriorly 5°0 mm.

Specimens examined.—One, the type.

XXXI.— Two new British Entomostraca: Alona protzi,

flartwig, and a new Species of Mesochra in Norfolk. By

RoBert Gurney, M.A.

Alona protet, Hartwig.

Alona protzi, Hartwig, Sitzber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, 1900, p. 228;

Keilhack, Arch. f. Hydrob. u. Hydrog. vi. 1911, p. 467.

A number of specimens of this Alona were obtained on

September 12, 1920, by washing masses of Cordylophora

detached from the woodwork of Ludham Bridge, on the River

Ant, in Norfolk. A strong current runs through this narrow

bridge, and the water, in normal circumstances, is quite

fresh, but the species of Entomostraca found in the collection

included Nannopus palustris, Tachidius littoralis, and Mesochra

rapiens—all species characteristic of more or less brackish

water. Cordylophora grows in luxuriance on this woodwork,

and I have on several occasions investigated the Hutomostraca

living in its shelter without previously meeting with A. protzi,

neither have I found it in any other locality. Nine days later

only a very few individuals were to be found, and on

November 17 the species had entirely disappeared. It would

hardly be supposed that Cordylophora would provide a suit-

able habitat for Entomostraca ; but six species of Cladocera

and ten of Copepoda were found in collections made on

Sept. 12 and 21.

Alona protzi resembles A. guttata, Sars, but is readily

distinguished by the presence of three denticles on the

posterior ventral angle of the shell and by the structure of

the postabdomen. The latter has a marked backward pro-

longation, but the apex is rounded and not angular as in

A, guttata. ‘The dorsal margin is armed with a double row

of eight to ten small spines, and there are a number of lateral

groups of very delicate hairs which do not quite reach the

margin of the postabdomen. ‘The basal spine of the terminal

claw is very long, exceeding half the length of the claw, and

new British Entomostraca. . peri

at its base there are two or three small hairs. The two poste-

rior thoracic segments are distinctly marked off, and each

bears a dorsal fringe of very long delicate hairs.

In the descriptions given by Hartwig and by Keilhack no

mention is made of the lateral groups of hairs on the post-

abdomen, and, though these are only visible under a high

magnification, it is most unlikely that they would be over-

looked. The presence of these groups of hairs and of the

Fig. 1.

Mie

gy i j

“in

Alona protz, Hartwig.

1. Side-view of female.

2. Antenne and upper lip.

3. Postabdomen.

long dorsal thoracie fringes distinguish my specimens rather

markedly from the type, but the agreement in other respects

is so exact that there can be no doubt that they belong to this

species. The labrum is acutely pointed, which is most

unusual in the genus Alona, and serves alone to distinguish

it from the species most closely resembling it. Keilhack

considers that A. protzi is most nearly related to A. cambouei,

238 Mr. R. Gurney on

Guerne and Richard, and to A. miiller?, Richard, but?in my

opinion there is little resemblance and no relationship between

these species.

So faras I amaware, A. protzi has not hitherto been found

outside the Province of Brandenburg.

Mesochra estuarit, sp. n.

Female.—Body robust, the abdomen considerably shorter

than the cephalothorax. Rostrum large and broad. Hye

large and of a red colour. Abdominal segments entirely

‘without spines on their dorsal surface, but the second, third,

and fourth segments each have a lateral row of strong spines

extending on to the ventral surface, while in the second and

third segments there is a short mid-ventral row of small

spines. In the fifth (last) segment the latero-ventral spines

are small and the anal incision is margined with small spines.

The anal operculum bears about eight small spines. The

furcal rami are slightly longer than broad, parallel-sided.

The outer apical seta is less than half the length of the inner

seta, and the latter less than half the length of the body. In

the integument of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax and

of the lateral surface of the first free thoracic segment there

is a peculiar, nearly circular, transparent area bounded by a

narrow chitinous thickening, and similar markings can be

seen on either side of the first two segments of the abdomen.

The first antenne are short, consisting of seven joints; the

esthete of the fourth joint extends slightly beyond the end

of the limb.

The second antenna consists of three joints, the external

branch being one-jointed, with three sete, of which the outer-

most is considerably the shortest.

The mandible-palp is two-jointed and bears four sete.

The swimming-legs are of the form characteristic of the

genus, with two-joiuted inner branches.

First leg.—The first joint of the internal branch is longer

than the whole of the outer branch, and its second joint bears

an inner spine and two setze, of which one is very short and

slender. The arrangement of the spines and sete of the

external branch in this and the following legs is shown in the

figures and accompanying table (p. 241). In the fourth leg

the second inner seta of the last joint is spiniform and without

cilia.

Fifth leg.—The basal joint extends beyond the second joint

and bears six sete, of which the inner two are smooth. The

—_-

ROO OND OUP Cobo

new British Entomostraca. 239

Fig. 2.

Mesochra estuarit, sp. n.

. First leg of female.

. Third leg of female.

. Fourth leg of female.

. Third leg of male.

Fourth leg of male, inner branch.

First antenna of female.

Abdomen of female, ventral view.

. Mandible-palp.

. Last abdominal segment of female, dorsal view.

. Last abdominal segment of male, dorsal view.

. Second antenna, outer branch.

240 Mr. R. Gurney on

second joint is small, bearing five sete, of which the outer-

most and the outer apical seta are smooth. This leg exactly

resembles that of A. rapiens, except that the outer apical

seta is longer than the second outer seta.

Length *6 mm.

Colour in lifea bright orange-red, due to numerous orange-

red fat-globules.

Male.—Shape as in female, but distinguished by its very

much smaller size and larger eye. The last four segments of

the abdomen have an unbroken row of spines ventrally, but

the dorsal surface of the segments is unarmed. Anal oper-

culum with about six small spines. Furcal rami as in the

female, but somewhat more constricted distally.

Fig. 3.

Mesochra estuarii, sp. n.

1, Fifth foot of female,

2. Fifth foot of male.

The swimming-legs do not differ from those of the female

except In respect of the third pair. In this leg the inner

branch consists of three joints, the second joint bearing a

stout curved spine somewhat longer than the third joint

while the third joint bears two subequal sete. The external

branch is not modified. In the fourth leg the inner branch

bears only three setee instead of four as in the female.

The fifth legs have the basal joint not produced to the

extremity of the second joint, and bearing three strong spines

of nearly equal length. The second joint is quadrate, with

six sete, of which the three inner ones are ciliated,

Length °33 mm,

—

ee ee ae

new British Entomostraca. 241

Colour as in female.

This species resembles J. rapiens (Schmeil) very closely,

but is easily distinguished by its greater activity and by the

two-jointed inner ramus of the first leg. It differs also in the

following points :— :

(1) In JZ. rapiens there is a conspicuous circular mark *

laterally on the cephalothorax and on the first two free

thoracic segments, whereas in JZ. estuarid such a mark is

only found on the first free thoracic segment. In both species

there are similar marks on the second and third abdominal

segments, but in MZ. rapiens they are confluent ventrally.

(2) The anal operculum of the female is smooth in JZ ra-

piens, but denticulate in MW. estuarti.

(3) The furcal rami of the female are more constricted

distally in M. rapiens., ;

(4) The number of spines and setz on the swimming-legs

is not the same in the two species, as shown in the following

table :—

M. rapiens. | M. estuarit.| M., rapiens. | M., estuarii.

Female. | Third joint of outer ramus. {Second joint of inner ramus.

Spines.| Setae. |Spines., Sete. Spies Setze. |Spines,| Seta.

Lep'2..3 | 3 2 a a 1 4 | 4

| |

Bees h).'|) 3 4 Pa ake: 1 4 1 4

| Leg 4 Ce, Pe 2 4 1 4 1 4

(5) In the third leg of. the male of J. rapiens the outer

ramus is considerably modified, whereas in M. estuarii it

does not differ from that of the female.

(6) The fifth legs of the female are scarcely distinguish-

able, but those of the male are quite distinct.

A number of individuals of this new form were met with

in mud scraped from wooden piles near Acle Bridge in the

River Bure in Norfolk. The great activity of the animal

was very noticeable. The majority of the individuals taken

* My attention was first drawn to these striking “species marks” by

Mr. D. J. Scourfield,

2492 On new British Entomostraca.

were females, some of which bore eggs, the few males met

with being mostly attached to females, the prehensile

antenna clasping the base of the fureal sete. It is curious

that in all cases the females so selected were immature and

showed no sign of developing ova. In one case the female

was so far from maturity that all the branches of the

swimming-legs were two-jointed. It is commonly the case

among Harpacticids and Cyclops that the male should attach

himself to the female before the last moult, but I think it is

most unusual for such attachment to take place when at least

two moults must intervene before copulation can be effective,

In the same collection were found Mesochra rapiens, Nan-

nopus palustris, Tachidius littoralis, Poppe, and Heterotanats

gurneyi, Norman, but, though these are all “ brackish-water ”

species, a number of freshwater Entomostraca such as Vitocra

hibernica also occurred, and the plankton at this point in the

river was that of pure fresh water. Although at the time

when the collection was made the tide was flowing and nearly

at high water, the salinity was only ‘09 grms. chlorine per

litre. At Acle, about 11 miles from Yarmouth, the water is

usually fresh at all states of the tide, but it is very near the

upper limit to which salt water penetrates, and no doubt it

does reach this point fairly often. The locality is therefore

of some special interest, since it is the meeting-place of salt-

and freshwater species and has a very mixed fauna. MM. estu-

art probably belongs to the brackish fauna, and will no doubt

be found to be common in the lower reaches of the river.

The genus Mesochra, as defined by Prof, Sars (‘ Crustacea

of Norway’), differs from Canthocamptus in the reduced

number of joints in the first antenna, the absence of spines

on the operculum, and the possession of two well-developed

joints in the inner branch of legs 2, 38, and 4. Further, the

swimming-legs of the male are scarcely modified. The

absence of spines on the operculum is not a constant character,

since such spines are present in the male of M. rapiens, in

both sexes of MZ. estuarit, andin M. lybtea, Richard, M. pro-

wazeki, Daday, and M. deiterst, Rich., all of which seem

properly to belong to the genus. The species of the genus

found in Britain are as follows :—

M. lilljeborgii.

M. rapiens (Schmeil).

M. ineonspicua (Scott).

M. macintoshi, Scott.

M. parva (T. and A. Scott).

On a new Genus and Species of Shrew. 243

M. parva is regarded by Prof. Sars as identical with

M. pygmea (Claus), but there are differences in the structure

of the third and fifth feet of the male and of the fourth feet

of the female which make such an identification doubtful.

M. robertsoni, Brady *, is not a genuine species. Through

the kindness of Prof. Meek I have been able to examine

slides of this species made by Prof. Brady, and I find that

they contain dissections of Canthocamptus pygmeus, Sars, and

C. crassus, Sars. Brady’s figures of the male are apparently

taken from the latter species, and those of the female from

the former.

The genus is one of littoral habit, and certain species are

found in fresh water. JM. rapiens is commonly met with in

water with but slight traces of salt, and I have myself taken

it inland in perfectly fresh water t. J. detterst and M. pro-

wazeki are apparently freshwater species, while MV. lilljeborgu

is characteristic of brackish water of high salinity, and may

even be found in rock-pools by the sea-shore. J. estuari,

though so far only found in fresh water, will probably prove

to be an estuarine species with a preference for high salinity.

XXXII.—On a new Genus and Species of Shrew, and some

new Muride from the Last-[ndian Archipelago. By

OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In connection with the determination of some rats and shrews

sent to me for naming by Dr. K. W. Dammerman, the

Director of the Zoological Museum at Buitenzorg, I find that

the following, some of which have been long in the British

Museum collection, prove to need description as new :—

CROSSOGALE, gen. nov.

Nearly allied to Chimarrogale.

Shape of skull comparatively normal, the brain-case not

excessively broadened and flattened. Anterior incisors as

broad terminally as proximally, the internal accessory notch

and cusp much more developed, so that the two incisor-tips

are some way apart. In Chimarrogale these teeth are sharply

* Monog. of British Copepoda, ii. p. 64.

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v, 1920, p. 359.

244 Mr. O. Thomas on

pointed, the accessory cusp is reduced, and the two tips are

comparatively close together.

Range of genus. K. Indian Archipelago, instead of Hima-

layas, China, and Japan.

Genotype. Crossogale pheura( Chimarrogale pheura, Thos.).

Crossogale sumatrana, sp. n.

Coloured like C. pheura of Borneo, but size greater.

Fur, as usual in water-shrews, soft and velvety, hairs of

back about 7 mm. in length. Colour above uniform sooty

grey, the hair-tips black; a few longer white-tipped piles on

the rump. Under surface dull brownish. Hands whitish,

the swimming-fringes dark brown. Feet mostly whitish,

but their outer border and the swimming-fringe brown. Tail

uniformly dark brown throughout.

Skull shaped about as in C. pheura, but much larger and

heavier.

Anterior incisors larger and stronger than in pheura, the

characteristic internal terminal cusp strongly developed, and

the main outer points well separated.

Alab, Sumatra. Type from Pager Alam, Padang High-

lands.

Type. Old specimen (probably male). B.M. no. 21.2.9. 1.

Temporary number 169. Collected 28th November, 1918.

Presented by the Buitenzorg Museum. One specimen only.

The characters of this shrew, agreeing closely as they do

with those of the Bornean form, and standing out in marked

contrast to those of the four known Continental species,

appear to render it advisable to separate generically from

each other the water-shrews of the two regions.

Of the Muridw, the first three belong to the group charac-

terized by a whitish end to the tail.

Rattus dominator, sp. n.

Size decidedly larger than in R. wanthurus and celebensis.

Character of fur as in the latter, the body-fur not trespassing

on to the tail, comparatively short, and not intermixed with

long piles. General colour of upper surface uniform greyish

brown ; under surface sharply defined white, the hairs white

to the roots. Ears, hands, and feet dark brown, the digits

lighter. Tail very thinly haired, almost naked, the proximal

two-fifths blackish, the remainder yellowish white. Mamme

not certainly known, probably 1—2=6.

Skull much larger than that of xanthurus and celebensis.

Nasals very long, narrowed nearly to a point posteriorly.

some new LHast-Indian Muride. 245

Supraorbital ridges not heavy, considering the size of the

animal. Zygomatic plate much produced forward, visible in

front of the upper bridge for a distance of nearly 4 mm.

Palatal foramina short, not nearly reaching to the level of

m’, narrow, little open. Bullee comparatively small, not so

large as in the smaller wanthurus.

Incisors markedly opisthodont, the angle about 64°.

Dimensions of the type (as measured by Dr. Hose) :—

Head and body 226 mm.; tail 256; hind foot 50;

ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 56; condylo-basal length 51:7;

zygomatic breadth 26°8; nasals 22°3x5°6; interorbital

breadth 6°5 ; zygomatic plate 7:3; palatilar length 26°5 ;

palatal foramina 8°2 x 3:2; upper molar series 9,

fib. Minahassa, N. Celebes. Type from Mt. Masarang,

4000’,

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 97.1. 2.24. Original num-

ber 8. Collected 14th November, 1895, by Dr. Charles

Hose. Four specimens examined.

This species, which had been wrongly determined as

R. celebensis, is readily distinguishable by its large size,

opisthodont incisors, broadly projected zygomatic plate, and

small palatal foramina.

Rattus bontanus, sp. n.

Without prominent long piles in fur. White part of tail

shortened.

Size rather less than in R. celebensts and wanthurus.

Fur throughout of normal length (hairs of back about 20-

22 mm.) and without specially elongated piles ; both fur and

piles are longer than in celebensis, but far shorter than in

vanthurus and marmosurus. General colour above coarsely

lined cinnamon-brown. Under surface dull whitish, not

sharply defined, the lateral hairs greyish. Hars brown, not

darker than head. Hands and feet brown, terminal digits

lighter, Tail very thinly hairy, with broad scale-rings seven

to the centimetre; blackish brown to within about 3 cm. of

the tip, then white.

Skull most like that of A. celebensis, with similarly light

supraorbital ledges and comparatively narrow little-projected

zygomatic plate ; but it is smaller, with narrower brain-case

and longer palatal toramina, which penetrate between the

first laminge of m*, Bullee comparatively large.

The front of the type-skull is unfortunately broken, so that

the length of the nasals and the set of the incisors cannot be

determined.

246 Mr. O. Thomas on

Dimensions of the type (measured by the collector) :—

Head and body 187 mm.; tail 235; hind foot 43.

Skull: back of nasals to occiput 30; condyle to front of

molars 28; interorbital breadth 6°2 ; breadth of brain-case 18 ;

zygomatic. plate 4; postforaminal palate 7°9; upper molar

series 84.

Hab. 5S. Celebes. Type from Indrulaman, Mount Bon-

thain, 2000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 97.1.3.10. Original num-

ber 28. Collected 12th October, 1895, by A. H. Everett.

One specimen only.

Distinguishable by its comparatively small size, long

palatal foramina, and the relatively short white end to the

tail.

It is not improbable that this species is Revilliod’s Mus

(Epimys) xanthurus orientalis *, but, in any case, the name

orentalis is invalidated by its previous use for an African

Mus by Cretzschmar,

Rattus marmosurus, sp. n.

With very long fur, which encroaches on the base of the

tail; piles long, but not excessively elongated.

Size decidedly smaller than in 2. wanthurus. Fur soft,

spineless, aid very long, especially posteriorly on the rump

and base of tail, the ordinary hairs 25-30 mm. in length, the

longer piles surpassing them by 8-10 mm.; the base of the

tail as hairy as in Lenomys meyeri. General colour above

near cinnamon-brown, the hairs coarsely ringed with black

and dull rufous. Under surface greyish white, the hairs

white to the base along the middle line, but laterally many

hairs are slaty-based. Hands and feet brown above, whiter

on the digits. Tail coarsely ringed, thinly hairy, blackish

for its basal third, then white.

Skull lightly built, supraorbital ridges neither heavy nor

far extended. Nasals abruptly narrowed about their middle,

not pointed behind. Zygomatic plate not projected forward,

about as in R. wanthurus. Palatal foramina large and well

open, their hinder edge level with the front of m’. Bulle of

medium size, smaller than in wanthurus.

Incisors comparatively orthodont, the angle about 75°.

Molars light and delicate.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 230 mm.; tail 260 ; hind foot 36; ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 45; condylo-incisive length 42°7 ;

* Zool, Anz, xxxvii. p. 613 (1911).

— some new East-Indian Muride. 247

zygomatic breadtli 22; nasals 17 x 5:5; interorbital breadth 6;

zygomatic plate 4°2 ; palatilar length 21; palatal foramina

9°2 ; upper molar series 72.

Hab. N. Celebes. Type from Mt. Masarang, Minahassa,

2000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M.no. 97. 1. 2.22. Original num-

ber 15. Collected 1st October, 1895, by Dr. Charles Hose.

Four specimens examined.

A very distinct species, readily recognizable by the un-

usually long soft fur of its posterior back and by its small

teeth.

Rattus dammermani, sp. n.

A large harsh-furred rat of the ratius-neglectus group.

Mammee 3—3=12.

Size about as large as in RR. miillert. Fur exceedingly

poor, harsh, and thin, with hardly any underfur, the chief

part of the pelage formed by the numerous narrow spinous

hairs. General colour above rufous-brown, the spiny hairs

whitish at base, with dark brown tips. Under surface dull

whitish, fairly sharply defined, the hairs light to their bases ;

middle line of chest faintly darker. Limbs more reddish

brown, hands and feet whitish. Tail Jong, short-haired,

uniformly brown, Mamme 3—3=12.

Skull strongly built, elongate, with long narrow nasals,

strongly developed supraorbital ridges, which sweep evenly

round to the outer corners of the interparietal without forming

any postorbital process or angle. Zygomatic plate strongly

convex. Palatal foramina long, reaching past the level of

the front root of m'. Bulle fairly large. Incisors ortho-

dont. Molars proportionally small.

Dimensions of the type (measured on a stuffed speci-

men) :—

Head and body 206 mm. ; tail 252 ; hind foot 43 ; ear (no

doubt shrunk) 17.

Skull: greatest length 50; condylo-incisive length 48 ;

zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 19°7; interorbital breadth 7°3 ;

breadth across parietal ridges 15°8 ; zygomatic plate 6; pala-

tilar length 24 ; palatal foramina 9°15; postforaminal palate

10°1 ; upper molar series 8.

Hab. (of type). Wadjo, N. Celebes, at the N.W. corner of

the Gulf of Tomini.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 21.2.9.7. Original num-

ber 105. Collected 12th April, 1915, by the Dutch Con-

troleur. Presented by the Buitenzorg Museum. One

specimen.

248 On some new Hast-Indian Muride.

This fine species, which I have named in honour of Dr.

Dammerman of Buitenzorg, is readily distinguishable by

its thin harsh fur, very different from that of R. miillert, its

reddish-brown colour, and long narrow skulJ. Its alliance

would seem to be with the rattus-negleetus group, judging by

its 3—3=12 mamme, but it does not seem very closely

related to any described form.

Rattus pesticulus, sp. n.

A dwarf member of the rattus-neglectus group.

Size very small, hardly greater than in the concolor group.

Fur thin and coarse, not definitely spinous. General colour

above dull reddish brown, sides rather greyer, under surface

sharply defined white, the hairs on the throat with grey

bases. Hands and feet white. Tail of medium length,

thinly haired, hight brown, almost white basally. Mamme

3—3=12.

Skull conspicuously smaller in all dimensions than in

neglectus, but of about the same general proportions. Supra-

orbital beads distinct ; no postorbital projections. Palatal

foramina to the ‘level of the front root of m'. Bulle of

normal size,

Dimensions of the type (measured on a stuffed specimen) :—

Head and body 151 mm. ; tail 148 ; hind foot 30 ; ear (no

doubt shrunk) 13. .

Skull: greatest length 37°5; condylo-incisive length 36 ;

zygomatic breadth 18; nasals 13 ; breadth across parietal

ridges 14; palatilar length 18°5; palatal foramina 7:4;

upper molar series 675.

Hab. Menado, Celebes.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 21. 2.9.11. Temporary

number 16. Collected 1908 by Dr. Mohari. One specimen.

This pygmy member of the rattus-neglectus group is an

island analogue of the small S.-Indian &. r. wroughtoni and

h. kandianus, but seems to deserve a special specific name.

Uromys talaudium, sp. n.

A beautiful ochraceous species, barely less vivid than

U. fulgens.

Size about as in fulgens. General colour above rich ochra-

ceous, below sharply contrasted white, tle hairs white to

their bases. Body-fur extending on to base of tail for more

than half an inch. Hands and feet white. Tail long, nearly

as long as in fulgens, uniformly pale brown.

Skull about the same size as in fulgens, but not so heavily

On the East Asiatic Members of Sciurus vulgaris. 249

built, less convex above, with narrower interorbital space,

narrower brain-case, and longer, less open palatal foramina.

Palate slightly broader, the two molar series less strictly

parallel, more divergent behind.

Dimensions of the type (measured on a skin) :—

Head and body 145 mm. ; tail imperfect (in another similar-

sized specimen 190); hind foot 31,

Skull: greatest length 39°5; condylo-basal length 37°8;

zygomatic breadth 21; nasals 13; interorbitsl breadth 6°2 ;

palatilar length 18°4 ; palatal foramina 6°3 ; breadth across

outside m? 8°8 ; upper molar series 73.

Hab. Talaud Islands, between Gilolo and Mindanao.

Type from Liroeng.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 21. 2.9.3. Temporary,

number 24. Taken by the Controleur 13th April, 1916.

Presented by the Buitenzorg Museum.

By the discovery of this distinct species the known range

of the genus is considerably extended north-westwards.

XXXIII.— Notes on the East Asiatic Members of the Species

Sciurus vulgaris, Linn., with Descriptions of Two new Sub-

species. By ARTHUR DE ©. Sowerby, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S.

WHILE on a summer excursion into the biologically little-

known district in North-eastern Chilli, China, known as the

Tung Ling, or Eastern Tombs, | secured four specimens of

a peculiarly dark squirrel belonging to the Sciurus vulgaris

group. Two of these specimens were intended for the

Smithsonian Institution, the other two being retained in my

own collection in case of accidents. Only one of the skins

and the two skulls of the first pair were received in Washing-

ton, and these have recently been re-examined by me and

compared with specimens of various other subspecies of

S. vulgaris in the British Museum Collection, a proceeding

that has only been possible through the extreme courtesy of

the authorities in the two Museums concerned. I find that

the Tung Ling specimens represent a new and distinct form,

easily separable from S. v. rupesiris, ‘Vhos., of Saghalin

Island, which it most nearly resembles, by its superior size

and certain colour-differences. This form I propose to name

‘Sciurus vulgaris chiliensis.

In the course of making my examination I find that the

Corean member of this group of squirrels has not up to the

. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 17

250 Mr. A. de C. Sowerby on the

present been described. It is like the Yezo form, S. v.

orientis, Thos., but is separable from it as a subspecies by

reason of its broader skull and less rufous pelages, both

summer and winter. To this form may be given the name

Sciurus vulgaris corece.

The already known Hast Asiatic forms are :—

1. Sciurus vulgaris colatus (Hodgson), of the Altai and

Siberia.

2. Sciurus vulgaris mantchuricus, Thos., of the Khingan

Mountains and North and Central Manchuria, the Amur,

and the Ussuri regions.

3. Seturus vulgaris rupestris, Thos., of Saghalin Island.

4, Sciurus vulgaris orientis, ‘Thos., of Yezo Island.

It is now possible, owing to the good series of specimens

in the British Museum, to determine with some degree of

accuracy the distribution of these forms, and, in order to make

the subject clear, brief descriptions of those already known

are given here in addition to the full descriptions of the two

new subspecies.

1. Scturus vulgaris colatus (Hodgson).

Mustela colatus, Hodgson, Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. p. 221 (1842).

Sciurus vulgaris colatus (Hodg.), Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1905),

pp. 346-7 (1908).

“Typical locality the high regions of Central Asia”

(Thomas). This represents Pallas’s Sciurus varius, but since,

as Mr. Thomas has pointed out in the above-cited paper, that

name had already been used by Kerr, Hodgson’s colatus is

the correct one. Of it Mr. Thomas says :—

“Clear deep grey in winter without rufous suffusions.”

It is more rufous in its summer pelage than S. v. orientis,

S. v. coree, and S. v. rupestris, and very much more rufous

than S. v. mantchuricus, In winter it is lighter than mant-

churicus, darker than ordentis, less brownish than coree ;

while its legs and feet are less black, more brownish than

either orventis or coree.

A specimen from west of Lake Baikal measures :—Head

and body 225 mm. ; tail 170; hind foot 58; ear 35.

Skull: greatest length 55; basilar length 42:2; true

molar series 7.

Range.*The Thian Shan and Altai Mountains, Southern

Siberia, and probably Siberia north of the Amur basin.

2. Sciurus vulgaris mantchuricus, Thomas.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iv. p. 501 (Dec. 1909).

Type-loeality. ‘The Khingan Mountains, N. Manchuria.

East Asiatic Members of Sciurus vulgaris. 251

Of this subspecies Mr. Thomas says :—

“The Khingan squirrel is readily distinguishable from its

nearest allies, S. v. colatus, the Altai form, rupestris of

Saghalin, and orientis of Hokkaido and Korea, by its

markedly larger size, as indicated by its skull. In colour

also it is of a much darker grey than any of them.”

The Khingan specimens in the British Museum are all

large, and of a dark grey, almost blackish-grey colour, and

are in part winter part summer pelage. They show very

long hair, considerably longer than in winter specimens of

any other of the East Asiatic forms. A specimen collected

by me in the West Kirin forest, near Chao-yang Chen,

Manchuria, in June, shows the same large size (length of

head and body 240, tail 210 mm.) and long hair, but is of a

slightly lighter grey, also without any rufous. A number

of specimens taken by me in the I-mien-po district of North

Kirin in autumn and early winter showed the pelages ranging

from dark grey to grey with a slight brownish washing on

the backs. ven in these there was no rufous colour in

evidence.

Measurements of type (B.M. no. 10.5.1. 8), a fully-adult

female :—

Head and body 250 mm. ; tail 205 ; hind foot 61 ; ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 57; basilar length 43; length of

true molar series 7°2.

Range. The Amur, Sungari, and Ussuri basins, in the

Amur and Primorsk provinces of East Siberia, and Chinese

Manchuria excluding the Yalu basin.

3. Sciurus vulgaris rupestris, Thomas.

Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1907 (April), pp. 410-411.

Type-locality. Dariné, 25 miles north-west of Korsakoff,

Sagbaun Island.

In this form melanism is predominant. It is smaller than

orientis, and much less. rufous in both summer and winter.

Frequently in summer the pelages are entirely black on the

upper parts, legs, and tail, the belly, chest, throat, and even

chin being pure white; while in those specimens, in which

there is rutous colouring it is either fairly universally distri-

buted or occurs only on the back and about the ears. In black

specimens there is no sign of rufous on the legs and flanks,

as there is in chdliensis. In winter-skins the colourtis greyer

with no rufous on the back, only a little about the ears.

This form is the smallest of the subspecies found in these

regions.

Measurements of (1) type (B.M. no. 7, 2. 5. 26), a slightly

252 Mr, A. de C. Sowerby on the

immature male :—Head and body 190 mm., tail 174, hind

foot 55, ear 32; (2) an adult male:—Head and _ body

208 mm., tail 178, hind foot 57, ear 32.

Skulls: (1) greatest length 48°8, basilar length 37, length

of true molar series 7; (2) greatest length 50°7, basilar

length 39°5.

Range. Saghalin Island.

4, Sciurus vulgaris orientis, Thomas.

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1905), vol. ii. 1906, pp. 345-347.

Type-locality, Aoyama, Hokkaido (Yezo), Japan.

Of this form Mr. Thomas says of its winter pelage:—

“ The whole of the Hokkaido examples are strongly suffused

along the head, dorsal area, and base of tail with a colour

between ‘ mars-brown ” and ‘ vinaceous-cinnamon ” of Ridge-

way, though paler than either. Sides clearer and more

silvery grey, especially on two patches on each side, behind

the shoulders and in front of the hips. Throat, chest, and

belly pure sharply-defined white, the hairs white to their

roots. ar-tufts, hands, and feet blackish, more or less

speckled with fulvous. Tail broadly washed with black, the

basal part of the hairs more or less greyish fulveus.

“Tn summer pelage the ground colour (apart from melan-

ism) is dull reddish brown, with dark red ears and feet, and

perhaps sometimes a more or less red-washed tail.”

It is rather a large form, coming next to mantchuricus in

size. It is easily distinguishable from rupestris on this

account, as well as by its lighter, more rufous or brownish

winter coat, and less inclination towards melanism in summer

pelage.

Measurements of type (B.M. no. 6.1.4.128), an adult

male :—

Head and body 244 mm.; tail 175; hind foot 60; ear 34.

Skull: greatest length 54; basilar length 43 ; length of true

molar series 7.

Range. Yezo Island, N. Japan.

- §, Sceturus vulgaris core, sp. n.

~~ Seturus vulgaris, Linn., Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 464.

The specimens on which this new subspecies is based are

in the British Museum Collection, two having been taken in

the type-locality in November, 1906, by the late Mr. M. P.

Anderson, and two by Mr. C. W. Campbell in January,

1889, at Seoul. A fifth specimen in the collection which

must be referred to this form was taken by Sir H. E. M. James

in South Manchuria (probably in the Yalu basin) in June, 1886.

East Asiatic Members of Sciurus vulgaris. 253

This form may be described as intermediate in colouring,

but not in size, between the Yezo orientis and the Khingan

and Manchurian mantchuricus. It is almost without any

rufous colouring, either in winter or summer pelage, in which

it agrees with mantchuricus, but is not so purely greyish,

being more brownish, in which it agrees more with orientis.

It is smaller than either of these two forms, and has a pro-

portionately shorter and wider skull.

Colour.— Winter pelage very close to orientis, but darker,

the lightest specimens of ortentis being considerably lighter

than the lightest of coree, while there is much less tendency

to rufous in coree. Very distinct from chiliensis, rupestris,

and mantchuricus; somewhat approaching colatus, but browner,

Its general colour may be described as brownish grey, the

feet and the long hairs of the ears and tail being blackish,

more so than in ortentis. The feet are lightly washed with

rufous in some specimens. Judging from the South Man-

churian specinen, which is certainly not mantchuricus, the

summer pelage is of a general, and more or less uniform, dark

brown, with no rufous washing.

Measurements of type :—

Head and body 225 mm.; tail 182 ; hind foot 63; ear 32.

Skull: greatest length 52; basilar length 39°5 ; length of

true molar series 7.

Habitat. Kaloguai, 55 miles N.E. of Seoul, Corea.

Type. A fully-adult female. B.M. no. 7.6.3.17. Orig.

No. 1151. Collected by M. P. Anderson and H. Orié on

26 Nov., 1906. Alt. 500 feet.

Range. Forested parts of Corea into the Yalu basin of

South Manchuria, meeting that of mantchuricus on the Yalu-

Sungari divide in the Chang Pei Shan.

6. Scturus vulgaris chiliensis, sp. n.

This is a dark form, not truly melanistic as appears -to be

the case in the dark specimens of rupestris, with which it

agrees most in appearance, and is characterized by its black

or blackish-brown summer pelage, in which the legs, feet,

lips, and flanks are rufous, the region of the face, muzzle, and

chin inelined to greyish, with no rufous about the ears. It

differs from rupestris in this last characteristic and in

being distinctly larger throughout. From mantchuricus, its

nearest mainland neighbour, it differs in being blacker in

summer and in the presence of the rufous colouring, as well

as in its smaller size. From the other species it is easily

distinguishable by its darker summer pelage and dark grey

winter coat.

254 Geological Society.

The skull is larger and proportionately longer than in

rupestris, smaller than in mantchuricus, stouter and broader

in the region of the nasals than in colatus.

Colour.—In summer the upper parts, including the tail,

black or brownish black ; chin, muzzle, and face greyish ;

lips, legs, feet, and flanks rufous; belly, chest, throat, and

inner surface of fore legs white. Of the four specimens

secured all showed this colouring, in one the upper parts

being pure black and the rufous of the flanks and legs very

bright. It may thus be argued that the black colouring in

this form is a fixed character, and not recurring melanism, as

in the Saghalin rupestris, in which there are sometimes red

summer individuals, many pure black ones with only a little

rufous about the ears, and a large number of individuals that

are intermediate in colour. All specimens taken in the Tung

Ling that I have heard of have been described as black. The

winter pelage, judging from skins seen in Peking, appears to

be pure dark grey.

Measurements of type :—

Head and body 235 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 62; ear 32.

Skull: greatest length 55; basilar length 42°5; length of

true molar series 7.

Habitat. Wu-ling-shan, in the Tung Ling area, 75 miles

N.E. of Peking, Chihli, N. China.

Type. A fully-aduit female. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 219185.

Orig. no. 1033. Collected by A. de C. Sowerby on 25 Aug.,

1917. Alt. 3500 feet.

Range. The range of this form appears to be restricted to

the somewhat limited forested mountainous area known as

the Tung Ling, formerly a hunting-preserve of the Imperial

Manchu family.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

December 15th, 1920.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Paleontology of the Tertiary Deposits in North-Western

Peru.’ By Henry Woods, M.A., F.R.S., T. Wayland Vaughan,

Ph.D., J. A. Cushman, Ph.D., and Prof. Herbert Leader Hawkins,

D.Se., F.G.S.

The fauna of the Negritos Formation is of shallow-water

eharacter, and consists mainly of gasteropods and lamellibranchs,

Geological Society. 255

with a small number of teeth of fishes, decapod crustacea, corals,

and one Eehinoid. Aturia is also present.

The number of species is large, and nearly all are new.

By the stages reached in the evolution of Venericardia of the

planicosta group, correlation is made with the Tejon Group of

California; but the relation to the Wilcox and Lower Claiborne

Groups of the Eastern and Gulf States of America is more marked,

and is sufficient to indicate the existence of a sea-connexion

between the Pacific and the Atlantic. There are some interesting

resemblances to the fauna of the European Eocene.

The Lobitos Formation is distinguished by the presence of

foraminifera belonging to the genera Lepidocyclina and Ortho-

phragmina. The mollusca in the lower part of the formation do

not differ much from those in the beds beneath, though some of the

species have undergone gradual change, with development of senile

features.

In the Zorritos Formation, all the species are different from

those of the Lobitos and Negritos Formations. Miocene age

is indicated by the similarity of some of the gasteropods and

lamellibranchs to those of the Miocene of Panama.

The mollusca and decapod crustacea are described by Mr. Woods;

the corals by Dr. T. W. Vaughan; the foraminifera by Dr. J. A.

Cushman ; and an Hchinoid by Prof. H. L. Hawkins.

January 5th, 1921.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘The Lithological Succession of the Carboniferous Limestone

(Avonian) in the Avon Section at Clifton, Bristol.’ By Prof.

Sidney Hugh Reynolds, M.A., Se.D., F.G.S.

Although, in addition to the late Dr. Arthur Vaughan, a number

of authors, including Stoddart and Mr. E. B. Wethered, have

described some of the rocks of the classical Avon section, no detailed

account has hitherto been written. Most of the rocks of the Avon

section can, however, be paralleled among those described by

Mr. HE. EH. L. Dixon from Gower, and the Author finds himself in

close agreement with Mr. Dixon in regard to their conditions of

accumulation. In particular, the three Modiola phases (calcareous-

lagoon phases) of Ky, ©,-S,, and the top of S, recognized by

Mr. Dixon in Gower, are represented in the Avon section, and the

only feature of general interest in relation to them that the

Author’s work emphasizes is their very constant association with

calcareous alge. Particular attention was paid to these organisms.

The fact that the well-known ‘ Concretionary Beds’ which form so

marked a feature of the Upper S, Zone are largely algal in origin

256 Geological Society.

is confirmed, the Cotham-Marble-like layers consisting of Mitchel-

deania or Spongiostroma, the two forms being commonly asso-

ciated. Mitcheldeania is the most persistent of the calcareous

alge, ranging from the extreme base of the section to the top

of S,. Ortonella is characteristic of the K Beds; Solenopora is

also found in those beds. Spongiostroma, often associated with

Mitcheldeania, is the prevalent organism in many ot the calcite-

mudstones of C, and S. Girvanella has been met with in D, and

Aphralysia in C, and 8. The ‘ Seminula-pisolite’ structure of

Vaughan proves to be algal in origin.

Dolomitization is considerably more widespread in the Avon

section than had previously been ascertained. There has been a

little dolomitization at one or two levels in the K Beds, but it is

not a characteristic feature of that horizon. The matrix of the

crinoidal limestone which forms practically all the Z Beds is nearly

everywhere dolomitized. The almost complete dolomitization of

the Lower C, Zone (Laminosa Dolomite) and of C, (Canina

Dolomite) has long been familiar ; but it has scarcely been recog-

nized how widespread is dolomitization in the calcite-mudstones

of S, and in the Lithostrotion Limestones of S, and §,. Oolites

tend to resist dolomitization. Mr. Dixon’s conclusions regarding

the Gower dolomites seem to be perfectly applicable to those of the

Avon section; everything indicates that the main dolomites are

‘ contemporaneous’. Pseudobrecciation, as described from Gower

by Mr. Dixon, is most characteristic of the foraminiferal limestones

of the D Beds; but a novel feature is the recognition of an

analogous recrystallization in sandy limestone from both D, and

the Bryozoa Bed (K,). It is suggested that a peculiar variety of

calcite-mudstone may be due to recrystallization on a microscopic

scale somewhat analogous to that of the pseudobreccias on a larger

scale, except that in the calcite-mudstones it is the ‘ matrix’ (not

the ‘ fragments”) which is recrystallized. The ‘rubbly’ limestones

so characteristic of the D Beds are also probably related, and owe

their origin to a concretionary and recrystallization process by

which the lime gathered in the nodules, from which the iron and

shaly material became separated.

Miss Chapman having published several chemical analyses, and

Mr. E. B. Wethered having studied a number of insoluble residues,

no further work on these lines was undertaken. The Avon

succession is shown in a detailed vertical section appended to the

paper.

Perio published y TAYLOR a FUNG

Published the First Day y of every Month —B5s. nett.

THE

LONDON, EDINBURGH, aha DUBLIN

PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE

AND

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.

Conducted by

- SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGH, D.Sc., LL.D., F.RB.S.,

SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, O.M., M.A., Se.D., F. RS.,

JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Sc., E.RS., E.GS.,

RICHARD TAUNTON FRANC is, and

Sseepnceags: FRANCIS, F.L.S.

| Published the First Day of every Month.—3s. 6d. nett.

THE

: ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

including Zoology, Botany, and Geology.

Conducted by

WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.LS., FG. S.,

Sir ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M. A, Se. D., ‘FLR.S., F.Z.8., and

- RICHARD T. FRANCIS, EZ.

Founded in 1877. Monthly, 2s Dirual Subscription, 20s.

THE OBSERVATORY,

A MONTHLY REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY.

. Edited by

ae J. M. STRATTON, M.A.,

H. 8S. JONES, M.A., B. ‘Se:, and

: a Me JACKSON, M. A., Bb. Se.

Its Contributors include most of the leading Baste. speaking Astronomers,

% _ and its Articles give an interesting reflection of the progress of astronomical

thought and achievement.

| Published Monthly. Price 2s. nelt. Annual Subscription,

sep. 22s. 6d. post free.

THE

JOURNAL OF BOTANY

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

ihe ake eeges ecu eee | bys

. pode BRITTEN, K.S.G., F.L. S.,

* LATE SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM,

ae Articles a prominent Botanists ; “Announcements of Discoveries ; Reviawas :

‘ Botanical News and Neier &e., &e.

“Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, ‘London.

Dae

C0 ONTENTS OF NUMBER

XXVI. A Proiminer Seoay of the ) "

Muride from the Bast ian he

i" oY eet

eben rie

Red Lion Court, se evita Tantige,

ine

Cortex, D.Se., F, L8, The Tiwi, te aC

aes

xe . + . ee

By Huroene

alll acgaesiontans for this \

VN Ae

te: ‘the Care of Messrs. ae and Fr

NINTH SERIES. No. 40.

THE ANNALS

INCLUDY .

j rycen yx \

ZOOLOGY, BOTAN int 88 1631)

mt aes _ CONDUCTED BY

Vv ta IAM. CARRUTHERS, Pu.D,, F.B.S., F.L.S,, F.G.S.,

THU E. SHIPLEY, G.B. B., M.A., So.D., F.RS., F.Z.8

AND"

| “RICHARD (3 FRANCIS, E.ZS.

Be LONDON: |

te % rAYLOR ‘AND Lae RED LION cOURt, FLEET STREEY.

B. PRESTON CLARK

55 KILBY STREET, BOSTON, miss. | ‘lias

ddéslece SPHINGID frei. North: and Diarthowest =

India, Bengal, Thibet, Afghanistan, Abyssinia, Somali-

land, East eee. Borneo, Java, and Mesopotamia.

fe wl? recompense colette liberally, either Shee

Cash, books, or any other form that may be - more

‘agreeable ; and will be glad to hear from anyone ‘who

can help fins in any of the above countries.

He would. a be glad to exchange with other

collectors or with Museums.

TO ZOOLOGISTs.

W. F. H. ROSENBERG, :

Importer of Exotic Zoological Roedineor ;

57 Haver stock Hill, London, N.W. 3, England,

Begs to announce the publication of a New Price List of Birds’ Eggs,

including over 900 species from all parts of the world.

This will be mailed free ow application, as will any of the following :- _

Mammals (400 species), Reptiles, Batrachians, - nue Fishes (500 Species), Lepido-

“ptera (8000 species).

Largest stock of Bird- skins in the world. A New Price. List of these is in

| preparation,

ALL MUSEUMS, PUBLIC OR PRIVATE, SHOULD were FOR chen

LISTS.

All specimens sent on approval.

Please state which lists are required and sive name of tlie periodical,

SCIENTIFI IC BOOKS AND SERIALS.

WHELDON & WESLEY, Lid. have the largest stock in the country of Books

in all Departments of Natural History and Science, also Transactions and Journals

of Learned Societies, etc., in sets, runs, and single wolusiibes or rammnibere, iy 4

_ Libraries or small parcels purchased.

SEPARATE CATALOGUES ON ALL SUBIECTS:

? ~ Twopence each, post free.

38 GREAT - QUEEN a UREET, KINGSWAY, ‘LONDON, we. a

hone : Gerrard TAl2.

tr APR 261921 *

Vatiy, al M oe”

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[NINTH SERLES. ]

No. 40. APRIL 1921.

XXXIV.—On Thysanoptera from the Seychelles Islands and

Rodrigues. By Ricuarp S. Baenatt, F.R.S.E., F.L.S.

[Plates 1V.—VII. }

Ture Thysanopterous fauna of Madagascar, the Mascarene

and the Seychelles Islands is virtually a new field of enquiry.

In 1910 Trybom described Liothrips tarsidens, Liothrips sp.,

and Megalothrips macropteryx from Madagascar, and three

years later the present writer diagnosed Physothrips varia-

bilis from the Comoro Islands.

This memoir is based chiefly upon the collections made

by the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean

under Professor Stanley Gardiner, F.R.S., in 1908-9, many

results of which have been published in a series of special

volumes (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, Zool. vols. xii.-

xvii.). The Thysanoptera were collected by Dr. Hugh Scott

in the mountainous granitic islands of Mahé and Silhouette

in the Seychelles group. Almost all the species were

obtamed at considerable elevations in the highly peculiar

endemic forests. The only exceptions appear to be Haplo-

thrips mahensis (all the examples of which were taken among

imported vegetation at coast-level) aud Gynaikothrips scotti,

specimens of which were found not only at high elevations in

the native forest, but also on Long Island, a coconut-planted

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 18

958 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

islet (containing very little indigenous vegetation) off the

coast of Mahé.

A first set, including types of all new forms, will be placed

in the British Museum of Natural History.

The Seychelles Islands.

The following is a list of the species described from the

Seychelles Islands : Mahé (M) and Silhouette (S) :—

TEREBRANTIA.

1. Tryphactothrips brevisetis, sp. 3, Limothrips cerealium, Hal. M.

Hn, ME, 4. Thrips sp. 8.

2. Brachyurothrips anomalus, gen,

et sp.n. M.

TUBULIFERA.

5. Haplothrips mahensis, sp.n. M. | 14. Adiaphorothrips brevis, sp. un.

6 silhouettensis, sp. Nn. | M.

7. Acallurothrips proturus, sp.n. | 15. Lurynothrips denticollis, Bagn.

8. M.

8. macrurus, gen, et sp. n. | 16. Liothrips nigricornis, sp.n. 8.

: ly: intrepidus, sp. Nn.

9. Cenurothrips: brevicollis, gen. | 18. sp. (P micrurus, Bagn.).

etsp.n. M. M.

10. validus, sp.n. 8S. 19. Dicaiothrips seychellensis, sp. n.

ll. Gynaikothrips scotti, sp. n. i SY

M.Sc 20. FEL, BV. Heo.

12. Cryptothrips seychellensis, sp.n. | 21. ——- mahensis, sp.n. M.

M. 22. —— hystrix, sp.n. M.,S.

13. —— diffcilis, sp.n. S.

Of the twenty-two species (representing thirteen genera)

enumerated above, two—Thrips sp., 6, and Liothrips sp.

(? micrurus, Bagn.)—are represented by single examples in

too poor a condition to identify with certainty or to describe.

Of the twenty remaining, thirteen are found in Mahé, the

largest island of the group, but two of these were previously

known; whilst ten hail from Silhouette. It will be noticed

that only three species are common to the two islands, but

it should be pointed out that there are several instances of

two allied species of a genus being peculiar, the one to

Mahé and the other to Silhouette, and, though closely allied,

I feel confident from the material before me that these forms

in most, if not in all, such cases, will be confirmed as speci-

fically distinct when more and better material is available.

Four new genera and eighteen new species are characterized,

but, of the new genera, Tryphactothrips is diagnosed with

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 259

Dinurothrips rutherfordi, Bagu. (a previously known species),

as the type of the genus.

Of the two known species from Mahé, Limothrips cerealium,

Hal., is a cosmopolitan form which usually affects cereals,

and is known throughout the Temperate regions, and of

which I have records from North Africa, Australia, and

South America; and KEurynothrips denticollis, Bagn., was

originally described from Queensland, and until now not

found elsewhere.

It is evident that the smaller species comprising the

Terebrantia have not been specially collected. They are for

the most part to be found in flowers and affecting grasses,

the leaves of trees, etc., and it is probably in this particular

section of the order that many peculiar forms will be found

affecting the large proportion of plants not found outside

the islands.

Geographical Affinities.

As the study is a young one and our knowledge of the

African and Indo-Malayan species as yet very imperfect, it

is difficult to generalize. It may be said, however, that, as

in so many other groups, a large proportion of the fauna is

peculiar, and that, especially in regard to new or little-known

genera, the affinities seem to be overwhelmingly Oriental or

Indo-Malayan.

Three species of Tryphactothrips are now known—ruther-

fordi (Bagn.), from Ceylon, roboris, Bagn., from West Africa,

and brevisetis, described herein; the genus comes nearest

to Dinurothrips, wherein we know three species from

Australia, West Indies, and South America respectively.

They are of ‘* Heliothripid ”’ affinities, a group wherein a large

proportion of species affect crops such as cacao, indigo, or

plants grown for ornamental purposes.

If Brachyurothrips has relationship with any described

form, it is with the peculiar Indian genus Panchetothrips,

Bagn.

Two species of Adiaphorothrips are now known from

Borneo, whilst Gynaikothrips is very strongly represented in

the Malay Archipelago.

Acallurothrips and Cenurothrips are allied genera, and I

have in my possession another species of Cenurothrips from

Ceylon, which I am describing elsewhere.

As to the other species, it is difficult to draw conclusions.

Dicaiothrips is a genus of wide distribution, but chiefly

outside the temperate regions, aud more strongly represented

18*

260 Mr. R. 8. Bagnail on Thysanoptera

in Indo-Malaya than in Africa. Haplothrips is almost

world-wide in its range, and Cryptothrips also, and, whilst

Liothrips is also represented in many parts of the globe, the

species from the Seychelles depart from the usual type and

come closest to the species described from Ceylon by

Schmutz under the name Ischyrothrips niger, and which he

classed with other species obviously belonging to other

genera.

Rodrigues Island.

In the many vicissitudes and delays experienced in working

out Dr. Scott’s material a further small collection came to

hand from one of the Mascarene Islands, Rodrigues, and I

have had an opportunity of including this material in an

Addendum (p. 286).

The collection was made in the island of Rodrigues

between August and November (inclusive) of 1918 by

Messrs. H. P. Thomasset and H. J. Snell, and was sub-

mitted to me through the kindness of Dr. Scott.

Rodrigues, about 11 miles by 5, is the smallest of the

Mascarene Islands and very isolated, being about 350 miles

E. by N. of Mauritius, and, of course, a very long way from

the Seychelles, from which it also differs entirely in forma-

tion, being volcanic, whereas the Seychelles Islands are

purely granitic. Rodrigues is mountainous, rising to eleva-

tions of 1100 to 1300 feet. The grand tropical forests

which once covered the island have been almost entirely

destroyed by fire, goats, pigs, and direct human action.

Though there are still 297 indigenous Phanerogams and

175 indigenous Cryptogams (probably only about half the

original native flora), and though in ravines many fine old

native trees have escaped destruction, yet the island is com-

paratively dry, and there aro no areas of dense, moist,

native forest such as those which still remain in the

Seychelles (see H. J. Snell and W. H. T. Tams, “The

Natural History of the Island of Rodrigues,” Proc. Camb.

Phil. Soc. xix. pp. 283-292, 1920).

The following is a list of species recorded and described

from Rodrigues Island herein ;—

TEREBRANTIA.

1. Tryphactothrips brevisetis, Bagn.

TUBULIFFERA.

2. Cenurothrips minor, sp. n. 4. Eeacanthothrips sp.

3. Liothrips thomassett, sp. n.

Jrom the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 261

The first is apparently the same as the Mahé species, the

second and third have Seychelles affinities, whilst the fourth

very strongly confirms and emphasizes the Indo-Malayan

affinities of the fauna.

Before proceeding with the technical account, I will

briefly outline certain observations of general interest :—

Viviparity.

In mounting the dried specimens of Idolothripide

Mr. H. Britten drew my attention te the fact that two

minute larval young (obviously of the first instar) floated

from a female of Dicaiothrips seychellensis, m. (Mahé,

no. 65). This is the first instance of the kind with which

I have met.

I have already published Mr. Urich’s communication on

an allied species (D. brevicornis, Bagn.), in which he notes

having observed females deposit eggs on the leaves of a dead

coconut-palm and sit on them *.

Teratology.

Examples of thrips with one or other of the antenne

malformed are by no means rare, and such malformation is

illustrated in an example of Dicaiothrips hystrix, m. (Sil-

houette, no. 25) ; it usually takes the form of a fusion of

segments, generally the more distal ones. A rarer terato-

logical condition is shown in the ¢ type-specimen of the

same species (D. hystriz), where the left outer postero-

marginal pronotal bristle is duplicated, the second being of

about equal size and situated close to the normal seta.

An Entomophagous Fungus.

In the upper part of the abdomen of an example of

D. hystrix, m. (Silhouette, no. 25), 1 detected several

hundreds of a minute organism indiscriminately disposed,

and each of a fusiform shape comprising three segments.

I was at first inclined to think that this was a protozoon.

They proved to be fungus spores, however, and at the

* Baenall, R.S., “Ona Collection of Thysanoptera from the West

Indies, with Descriptione of new Genera and Species,” Journ, Linn, Soe

Zool. xxxii. pp. 495-507, pls. xlviii. & xlix.

262 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

suggestion of my friend Prof. J. H. Ashworth, F.R.S., I

sent the preparation to Mr. W. B. Brierly, M.Sc., of the

Rothamstead Experimental Station, Harpenden, who kindly

reported as follows :—

“The fungus spores on the Dicaiothrips belong to the

genus Fusarium, which contains many common saprophytes

of decaying organic matter. Owing to the absence of

mycelium, characteristic growth, etc., it is impossible to

identify it specifically with any degree of certainty, but it is

not improbably Fusarium speiseri, Lindan, a species which

Hiedick has recorded on dead Cicadas from Western

Prussia.”

Tn conclusion, I would express my warm appreciation of

the help and consideration accorded me by my friend

Dr. H. Scott, and I only regret that the demands of a very

busy life have made it impossible for me to give his collec-

tions the close and sustained study that they justify.

Classification of the Order Thysanoptera.

It is only in recent years that the Thysanoptera have

received any serious attention, and, though satisfactory

strides have been made in the past decade, we can as yet

consider that we are only on the fringe of the subject. As

further advances are made and new factors met with, old

material requires constant re-examination in the light of

such new knowledge. The most complete outline of the

classification is that published by Hcod (Proc. Biol. Soc.

Washington, 1915, xxviii. pp. 53-60), in which previous

groups are tentatively accepted, but new names proposed

according to modern usages, the main divisions designated

as superfamilies in place of the previously named tribes.

It will be seen that.the original main groups of Haliday (the

AKolothripoidea, Thripoidea, and Phlceothripoidea of this

paper) remain true to this day, and are only extended by the

discovery of the Urothripoidea.

The known Thysanoptera are divided into two suborders,

each embracing two main groups or superfamilies, which

may be set out in tabular form as follows :—

1. Female with saw-like ovipositor formed

of two pairs of gonapophyses arising

from abdominal segments 8 and 9; ;

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 263

terminal abdominal segments seldom

tubular, bluntly rounded in the male,

and in the female longitudinally di-

vided beneath and usually conical.

Wings microscopically pubescent ; fore-

wing with marginal vein and at least

one longitudinal vein attaining tip.... Suborder Terebrantia,

A. Ovipositor curved upwards. Wings

broad and rounded at tip. Body not

depressed. Antennz nine-segmented, [orDEA *,

the apical joints never styliform.... Superfamily AloLoruRie-

B. Ovipositor curved downwards. Wings

narrower, almost invariably pointed

at tip. Body more or less depressed.

Antenne (except in Heterothripide,

where the antennal sensoria are also

of a distinctive type) 6- to 8-seg-

mented, with apical joint or joints

MSUALEY SLY HIOMNY. . fa cot sca ess Superfamily TurrporpeEa fF.

2. Female without ovipositor; terminal

abdominal segments almost invariably

tubular, approximately the same in

both sexes. Wings not pubescent; fore-

wing with at most a single abbreviated

WMiedian Vey ee eoees Oe ele Suborder Tubulifera.

C. Maxillary palpi 2-segmented. An-

tenne 8- (rarely 7-) segmented. In-

termediate coxze more widely sepa-

rated than fore or hind pairs}. Ninth

abdominal segment not or rarely

longer than 8; terminal hairs rarely [OIDEA §,

much longer than tube .......... Superfamily Putq@orurir-

D. Maxillary palpi l-segmented. An-

tenn 4- to 7-segmented. Hind

coxze more widely separated than

fore or intermediate pairs. Ninth

abdominal segment longer than 8;

terminal hairs very much longer

Giieaes GHG 2 He Rik cid «Sie ore 6s Bhicta« Superfamily Urornmrip-

[orpEa || (=suborder Polystigmata, Bagn.),

* Containing the family Aolothripide, comprised of three strongly

characterized subfamilies—Orothripine, Melanothripine, and Molo-

thripinee,

Arabian the families Heterothripide, Thripide, Ceratothripide,

Merothripide, and Pancheetothripide.

} This character is constant throughout the whole of the Thysano-

ptera, breaking down only when we get to Urothrips, Bagn., and allies

(Urothripoidea). It hence became an important character in my

diagnosis of the suborder Polystigmata (= Urothripoidea).

§ Containing the families Phleeothripidee, Ecacanthothripide, Pygo-

thripide (in my opinion of doubtful standing), Hystricothripidee, Mega-

thripide, and Idolothripide.

|| Containing the family Urothripide only.

264 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

Suborder TEREBRANTIA,

Family Thripide, s. 1].

Genus TRYPHACTOTHRIPS *, nov.

Belonging to the Heliothripid group and coming nearest

Dinurothrips, Hood. Uead transverse, cheeks converging

posteriorly ; anteriorly between eyes and also cheeks with

frill-like explanate margins. Prothorax transverse, without

long bristles and with the lateral margins broadly explanate,

especially anteriorly. Fore-wings stouter than in Dinuro-

thrips, spines on costa and veins moderately long and stout.

Apical abdominal segments somewhat produced, though not

to the same extent as in Dinurothrips.

Chiefly recognised by the peculiar and striking shelf-like

explanate margins of head.

Type. Dinurothrips rutherfordi, Bagn.f.

1. Tryphactothrips breviseétis, sp. n.

(Pl. LV. fig. 2 6 (also note figs. 1-2 a).)

There is a single example of this curious genus in Dr.

Scott’s collection, but unfortunately the shelf-like explana-

tions of the head and thorax are mutilated and the wings,

laid down the back, are difficult to see. This species comes

very near to 7. rutherford: (Bagn.), a species found on

leaves of Al/amanda in Ceylon and is of the same size and

form. The fore-wing appears to be medianly brown with a

diffused ill-defined band across the third eighth and another

before apex; the extreme tip of the wing appears to be

noticeably lighter than the median portion. The bristles

are differently disposed, entirely brown, and only 0°5 to 0°6

the length of those in 7. rutherfordi. The bristles of the

lower vein are disposed as follows:—2+438 (or 2)+14+41,

which in the figured wing of rutherford are 2+1+1+4+3+41.

In 7. rutherfordi these bristles are at least 1°3 times 4s

long as the median breadth of the wing, in breviselis about

0:7 the breadth,

It is hoped more material may be forthcoming.

* T am indebted to my friend, the Rev. W. M. Teape, for suggestin®

this generic name, the affix of which is derived from a rare word found

in an inscription on the stone fence round Herod’s temple, meaning a

fence or balustrade (? lattice).—R. 8. B.

+ A table of species is given in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. iv.

p. 255 (1919).

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 265

Loc. Stycucties. Mahé: Cascade, 800-1500 feet, 1909,

1 Bee

Genus BRacHYUROTHRIPS, NOV.

Near Panchetothrips, Bagnall. Head short and trans-

verse, without thickened collar. Eyes prominent, protruding.

Antenne .... Mouth-cone reaching across prosternum,

maxillary palpi. ... Prothorax strongly transverse, with-

out prominent bristles.

Pterothorax large. Wings long, rather pointed, both

pairs minutely setose : costal spines on fore-wing excep-

tionally long; veins obsolete, with a few setz on a line

corresponding to the fore-vein near to costa.

Abdomen broadly ovate as in Panchetothrips ; pleurites

overlapping. The ninth segment cylindrical, longer than

broad; tenth very short, broader than long; ventral opening

rather close ; abdominal bristles long. Ovipositor apparently

normal.

Type. Brachyurothrips anomalus, mili.

Whilst apparently related to Panchetothrips in its

general form, the overlapping abdominal pleurites, etc., in

the puzzling nature of its ninth and tenth abdominal seg-

ments, Brachyurothrips is unlike anything described. I at

first tried to reconcile the segment described as the ninth with

the tenth, regarding the ultimate as a highly developed type of

the vestigial eleventh segment, but without success. There-

fore Brachyurothrips is chiefly peculiar in the enlarged ninth

and the short weak tenth abdominal segment.

Unfortunately there is only one poorly preserved example

at my disposal.

2. Brachyurothrips anomalus, sp. n.

(PI. LV. figs. 3-5.)

9 .—Length 1:15 mm., breadth of mesothorax 0:29 mm:

Colour yellowish-brown to brown, abdomen wholly dark ;

head yellow near inner margin of eyes, basally shaded to

brown, cheeks brown ; prothorax wholly and most of ptero-

thorax dark grey-brown, fore-legs yellow, basal half of hind

femora shaded with greyish brown; basal joints of antennz

(at least) yellow tinged with grey.

Head about 1°5 times as broad across eyes as long ; trans-

versely striated in basal half. Widest across eyes; cheeks

roundly converging to base; basal antennal joints widely

266 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

separated. Eyes coarsely facetted, not pilose, prominent ;

ocelli large, situated on a raised prominence remote from eyes,

with a pair of interocellar sete. Antenne .... Mouth-

cone bluntly rounded at apex ; maxillary palpi . .

Prothorax strongly transverse, only about 0°7 the ‘length

of the head and without prominent sete. Pterothorax large,

broader than long. Fore-legs long, otherlegs .... Wings

long, reaching beyond tip of abdomen, surface of both pairs

minutely and closely setose. Fore-wing brown, eleven to

twelve times as long as broad through middle ; costa with

19-20 long bristles, the longest being about three times the

breadth of the wing ; veins obsolete, a series of five or six

spines on line of upper vein rather close to costa; lower cilia

wavy. Hind-wing lightish grey-brown, mid-vein brown;

cilia of upper margin few and widely spaced, lower cilia, as

in fore-wing, wavy.

Abdomen broadly ovate, 15 times as long as broad,

broader than the pterothorax ; pleurites of segments 2-8

prominent, overlapping; 9 drawn into 8, cylindrical, al-

together 1°8 as long as broad distally; 10 short, broader

than long with the terminal hairs short and weak. Lateral

abdominal bristles long, especially those on segments 8

and 9.

On account of the opacity of the single specimen, the

description of the abdomen is incomplete and possibly at

fault. It is to be hoped that more material of this curious

insect may shortly be forthcoming.

Loc. Srycueties. Mahé: Cascade Estate, about 1000 feet,

iii. 1909, 1 9.

Genus Limornriprs, Hal.

3. Limothrips cerealium, Hal.

This species is widely known as a pest to cereal crops and

is of wide distribution.

Loc. Seycunttes. Mahé: 24, x. 1908, from the high

forest of Morne Blane, 1 9.

Genus Turirs, L.

4. Thrips sp.

6. There is one moderately preserved example of this

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 267

genus, yellowish, and only 0°7 mm. long. I have retained

the preparation for future study.

Loc. Srycuevwes. Silhouette: forest above Mare aux

Cochons, over 1000 feet, 2. ix. 1908, 1 ¢.

Suborber TUBULIFERA.

Family Phleothripide.

Genus Haptorureiprs, Serv.

5. Haplothrips mahensis, sp. n.

(Pl. VI. figs. 12, 13.)

2? —Length approximately 1:5 mm.

Colour dark grey-brown ; fore-tibiz and fore-tarsi yel-

lowish. Intermediate antennal joints 3-6 yellow, 6 lightly

touched with grey-brown, and 4 and 5 with grey ; 7 and 8

grey-brown. Wings clear except for scale and small basal

patch of fore-wing light grey-brown.

Head only as long as broad, cheeks very faintly arcuate,

furnished with a few minute sete. Eyes finely facetted,

occupying about 0°4 the dorsal length of the head ; space

between them equal to, or a little more than, the breadth

of one of them. Postocular bristles apparently about the

length of eye, dilated at apex. Antenna very similar to

H. karnyi, Bagn., of usual type; segment 4 broader than 3

and 3 broader than 5 or 6, these latter joints being roughly

ovate.

Pronotum 0°7 the length of the head and 1°8 times as

broad as long; all set# present, long, dilated at apex; the

mid-lateral pair and those at anterior angles as long as

the postocular pair; the postero-marginal pairs are pre-

sumably appreciably longer, but cannot be seen in the

available material, excepting in one example where one of

the outer pair is present, projected at an angle and apparently

about 0°6 the median length of the pronotum. Legs normal,

fore-femora incrassate and fore-tarsus armed with a minute

tooth in addition to the retractile claw of the second seg-

ment. Wings normal, 6-8 duplicated cilia (6 and 8 in one

and 7 and 8 in another specimen).

Abdomen elongate, as broad as the pterothorax, roundly

narrowed from base of segment 8 to base of tube. Tube

short and stout, about 0°6 the length of the head and not

quite 0°6 as broad at base as long; evenly narrowed to apex,

268 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

where it is about one-half as broad as at base. Terminal

hairs longer than the tube, very slender and colourless

distally. Abdominal setz long, slender, and light-coloured,

those on 7 and 9 not quite as long as the tube.

In the three available specimens it is impossible to secure

the correct relative lengths of the antennal joints and also

of the head and pronotal chet.

The species is chiefly remarkable for its short head, which

is no longer than broad. In addition to this salient charac-

teristic it differs from H/. brevicollis, Bagn. (E. Africa), by its

less transverse prothorax, the shorter and stouter tube, and

the stronger chzetotaxy of head and pronotum.

Loc. Srycnuetites. Mahé: Cascade, marshy ground near

sea-level, 1 9, 20. ii. 1909, and 2 2 from marshes on coastal

plain at Anse aux Pins and Anse Royale, 19-20. 1. 1909.

Also Long Island.

6. Haplothrips silhouettensis, sp. u.

(Pi. Va, dig. 31)

The antenne are absent in each of the eight preparations

before me, but fragments were present in one or two of the

specimens before they were transferred from cards to micro-

scope-slides, and, as I then grouped both this and the

preceding as one species, I infer that the antennz had the

intermediate segments yellow.

? .—Length approximately 1°7 mm.

Colour dark grey-brown ; fore-tibiz and all tarsi yellowish,

more or less shaded with grey to brown ; wings clear or with

at most the faintest suspicion of a grey tinge.

Head about 1:2 times as long as broad with eyes occupying

about 0°4 the dorsal length; ocelli large, placed above a

line drawn across the centre of eyes and the posterior pair

contiguous to their inner margims ; anterior ocellus directed

forwards, overhanging ; cheeks practically subparallel.

Provotum about 0°75 the length of the head ; sete present,

long, stout and distally dilated as in mahensis (the same

remarks as I have already made for the preceding species, as

regards the cephalic and pronotal chzxtotaxy, apply to

silhouettensis ; the cheetotaxy is more or less destroyed in

all of the specimens and in none of them are the postocular

sete: or the terminal hairs of the tube preserved). Fore-

tarsus with a minute tooth as in mahensis. Fore-wings with

seven or eight duplicated cilia.

Abdomen as in mahensis; tube about 0°55 as long as the

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 269

head, 1°9 times as long as broad at base, where it is 1°75

times as broad as at apex. Abdominal sete as in mahensis.

6 .—Smaller and more slender ; fore-femora more strongly

incrassate ; abdominal chetotaxy stronger and modified as

is usual in the g; segment 9 with a spine-like seta near

each posterior angle.

Differs from mahensis in its larger size, the length of the

head, and from both karnyi, Bagn. (East Africa), and brevi-

collis, Bagn., inthe shorter tube. In karnyi the cephalic and

pronotal sete are very long and somewhat slender, whilst

the head is comparatively narrower (12 : 14) than in silhouet-

tensis.

Loe, Srycuei.es. Silhouette: Mare aux Cochons plateau,

September 1908, 5 9 and3 @.

Genus ACALLUROTHRIPS, nov.

Size small, belonging to the Cryptothrips group, wherein

the wings are more or less parallel-sided and never con-

stricted near middle as in the Haplothrips group. Head as

long, or scarcely as long, as broad, and not noticably longer

than the prothorax ; mouth-cone massive, reaching beyond

posternum. Antenne about twice as long as thé head,

intermediate joints short, 7 and 8 connate. Tube curiously

unformed, basal half more or less longitudinally ribbed, and

extreme apex very sharply constricted; terminal hairs weak.

Wings simple, without duplicated cilia in the fore-wing.

Type. Acallurothrips macrurus, mihi.

7. Acallurothrips proturus, sp. n.

(Pl. V. figs. 3, 4.)

Length 1°35 inm., breadth of pterothorax 0:27 mm.

Blackish-brown, shining ; legs dark chestnut-brown, fore-

tibie shaded to yellow and all tarsi yellowish. Wings

brownish-yellow with cilia smoky-brown.

Head with cheeks subparallel, practically as long as broad ;

eyes moderately finely facetted, occupying about 0°35 the

length of the head ; ocelli widely separated, the posterior

pair almost touching the inner margins of the eyes on about

a line across their centre ; anterior ocellus forwardly directed.

Postocular bristles short. Antenne broken off in the

unique specimen. Mouth-cone conical, large, reaching

across the prosternum.

Prothorax transverse, about 0°75 the length of the head

270 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

and not quite twice as broad as long. Setz present, those

at posterior angles distinctly the longest, more than 0°5 the

length of the prothorax. Legs rather long and stout.

Pterothorax slightly broader than prothorax. Wings

reaching to abdominal segment 9, linear, fore-wing fourteen

to fifteen times as long as broad, with cilia somewhat sparse,

but long ; no duplicated cilia.

Abdomen rather elongate, broader than pterothorax ; tube

widest beyond apical half, about 1°4 times as long as the

head and about 0°35 as broad as long, roundly and sharply

narrowed at tip. Surface roughly carinate to beyond apical

third with the interstices roughly sculptured or punctured.

Apical hairs short and weak. Abdominal bristles strong,

yellowish or colourless, those at hind angles of segment 9

as long as the tube and those on 7 longer than those on 8 ;

wing-retaining sete apparently in single pairs.

Loc. Srycuuiirs. Silhouette: 1 example (? ?), Mare

aux Cochons plateau, about 1000 feet, ix. 1908.

8. Acallurothrips macrurus, sp. 0.

(PE Vifige: 1,2)

Length 1°6 mm.; breadth of pterothorax 0°4 mm.

Brownish-black, shining, fore-tibiz (and knees) lighter

brown. Antenne with two basal joints yellowish-brown,

three yellowish, rest dark brown. Wings brown, cilia

smoky-brown.

Head transverse, about 0°85 as long as broad, and a little

longer than the prothorax ; cheeks subparallel, with a minute

seta behind the eye and another near base. Eyes moderately

finely facetted ; posterior ocelli on a line across middle and

touching their inner margins ; postocular bristles present,

as long as the eye. Antenne about twice as long as the

head, intermediate joints broadly clavate, relative lengths

of segments 8-8 :—22:19:18:16:14:12. Mouth-cone

large.

Prothorax large, about 1:8 times as broad as long; sete

present, short ; those at posterior angles the longest and not

0°35 as long as the prothorax. Pterothorax broader than

the width across fore-coxe. Wings reaching to abdominal

segment 8; fore-wings rather broad, little more than ten

times as long as broad.

Abdomen ovate, broadest at segment 6, thence rounding

to 9; segment 9 strongly transverse. Tube broadest at

base, narrowed distally (evenly with straight sides in micro-

scopical preparation, roundly in the same specimen on card

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 271

before mounting) and sharply constricted at extreme apex ;

dorsal carinations running into distal half. Apical hairs

_ Minute, weak. Abdominal bristles strong, yellowish or

colourless, outer pair on 9 longer than the tube.

This species is easily separated from A. proturus by its larger

aud broader form, the broader wings, the size and shape of

the tube, and the minute setz on prothorax.

Loc. Stvcuettes. Mahé: one example only, top of

Mount Sebert, nearly 2000 feet, 1908-9. (Sex uncertain,

probably ? .)

Genus C@nvuROTHRIPS, nov.

Size small. Closely allied to Acallurothrips, but distin-

guished by the form of the tube, which approaches the normal,

though furnished with the basal longitudinal ribs. The

head of the type-species is large, as long as broad with the

sides converging behind, and the mouth-cone not so large

comparatively. The prothorax is considerably shorter than

the head. Fore-wing with duplicated cilia,

Type. Cenurothrips brevicollis, mihi.

9. Canurothrips brevicollis, sp. n.

(Pl. V. figs. 5,6.)

? .—Length about 1°8 mm., breadth of pterothorax 0°4 mm.

Head and thorax dark chestnut-brown, abdomen darker :

fore-tibize and ali femora distally yellowish. Antenna with

segments 1-3 lightish brown, 3 with base yellowish ; 4 darker

than 3 and 5-8 deep black-brown. Wings brownish-yellow,

cilia smoky.

Head about as long as broad, converging posteriorly,

broadest behind eyes. Eyes moderately finely facetted,

occupying 0°3 the length of the head. Postocular setz long.

Ocelli widely separated, posterior pair near inner margins of

eyes and on a line through their middle; anterior one for-

wardly directed. Antenne not quite twice the length of the

head ; apical and penultimate joints closely united ; relative

lengths of 38-8 approximately as follows :—82 : 29:27:25:

16:12 (together 26). Mouth-cone not so large compara-

tively as in A. proturus and A. macrurus.

Prothorax only 0-4 the length of the head, strongly

transverse, about three times as broad as long. Sete short,

excepting the postero-marginal ones, which are about 0°75 the

272 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

length of the prothorax. Pterothorax broad, about as broad

as long. Fore-wings rather broad, about ten times as long as

broad, with 8-12 duplicated cilia. Fore-femora incrassate.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, gently rounded from segment

7 to 9. Tube more normal in form than in either A. pro-

turus or A. macrurus ; about 0°9 the length of the head,

broadest at base, where it is about 0°55 as broad as long ;

evenly narrowing, with straight sides, distally and but

slightly constricted just before tip ; dorsal carina reaching

to the distal half. Apical hairs slender, dark, about 0°6 the

length of tube. Abdominal bristles strong, yellowish or

colourless; those on 7 and 9 nearly as long as tube.

3 .—With the tooth of the fore-tarsus slightly stouter than

in the 9.

Loc. Srycuettes. Mahé: 1 ¢ and 1 ?, Cascade Estate,

800-1000 ft.; 2 2, top of Mount Sebert, nearly 2000 feet,

i. 1909.

10. Cenurothrips validus, sp. n.

(Pl. VI. figs. 4, 5.)

? .—Length c. 1°38 mm.

Colour chestnut-brown ; fore-tibiz a shade lighter and

tarsi yellowish-brown. Wings lightly fumate.

Head approximately as broad as long, 1:3 to 1°4 times

as long as the prothorax. Eyes moderately finely facetted,

small, occupying about 0°25 times the dorsal length of the

head ; postocular setee long, about 1°5 times the length of

the eye. Ocelli much as in C. drevicollis ; interocellar sete

prominent. Antenne .... Mouth-cone much as in

C. brevicollis.

Pronotum transverse, twice as broad as long; all set

well-developed. I find it impossible to judge the lengths of

the postero-marginal sete; the mid-lateral ones are about

one-sixth the median length of the pronotum and the antero-

marginal pair shorter again. Pterothorax stout, broader

than long. Legs rather stout; fore-legs with the femora

strongly incrassate and the tarsus armed with a stout tooth.

Wings muchas in C. brevicollis ; fore-wings with eight dupli-

cated cilia.

Abdomen stout, broadly ovate, broadest at segments 3 to

6, aud very broadly rounded to base of tube; tube as in

brevicollis, but longer and comparatively less stout, as long

as, or slightly longer than the head, about twice as long as

broad at base, and slightly constricted at tip. Apical hairs

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 273

weak, dusky, only about 0°5 the length of the tube. Abdo-

minal bristles strong, brown or yellowish-brown, the longest

on 9 about 0°8 the length of tube and those on 7 and 8 not

so long.

This species is readily separated from brevicollis by its

more bulky form, shape of head, longer tube, etc., ete.

Loc. Snycunties. Silhouette: 1 2, Mare aux Cochons,

ix. 1908.

Genus GyNAIKoTHRIPs, Zimm.

1l. Gynaikothrips scotti, sp. n.*

CPL WEL. figs. 10,11.)

? .—Length about 2°2 mm.

Colour chestnut-brown, distal third or so of tube lighter

than the rest; fore-tibiz yellow shaded with grey-brown, all

tarsi yellow. Antennal joint 1 concolorous with head,

2 lighter brown distally, 3 clear yellow, 4 to 6 yellow

deepening in intensity, 7 yellow tinged with brown, and 8 a

deeper brown. Wings lightly fumate in fresh specimens,

but losing colour in carded examples, and in some, when

mounted, quite clear.

Head 1°15 times longer than broad and approximately

15 times the length of the pronotum; surface finely

striated transversely ; cheeks parallel, converging slightly

near base, and furnished with avery few micro-setee. Space

between eyes about the breadth of one of them; ocelli

placed anteriorly (that is, above a line drawn through the

centre of eyes and contiguous to their inner margins), large

with the median one overhanging and directed forwards.

Post- and interocellar sete minute. Hyes somewhat

minutely, closely, and smoothly facetted, occupying dorsally

about O°4 the length of the head; postocular bristles present,

short, 0°5 to 0°6 the length of the eye, and rather stout.

Antenne much as in G. fumipennis, Karny, and karnyi,

Bagn.; relative lengths of segments 3 to 8 approximately as

follows :—28 : 26: 24:25:21:11. Sand 4 clavate, 4 broader

than 5 and 5 broader than3; long slender trichomes on

3 to 6.

Pronotum basally much broader than anteriorly ; twice

as broad as the median length. ‘The postero-marginal

* I find great pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. Hugh Scott,

whose work has so greatly advanced our knowledge of the ntomology

of the Seychelles Islands.—R. 8. B.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. ms:

274 Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

pronotal setz long, the outer pairs attaining to 0°65 the

length of the pronotum, rather stout and faintly dilated at

apex ; the mid-lateral pair also prominent and rather stout,

about 0°4 the length of the pronotum. Legs normal, fore-

femora incrassate, sparingly and minutely setose ; fore-

tarsus unarmed; hind-femora stouter and longer than the

median pair, with the upper margin gently curved. Ptero-

thorax quadrate, sides practically straight, converging gently

posteriorly ; as broad anteriorly as the breadth across

fore-coxe. Wings normal, fore-wings about 11 times as

long as the median breadth, furnished with from 13 to 17

duplicated cilia.

Abdomen somewhat heavy, elongate and scarcely broader

than the pterothorax, roundly narrowing from segment 7

to base of tube. Tube slightly longer than the head,

rather sharply narrowed apically from the distal third or

thereabouts ; more than twice as broad at base as at tips.

Apical bristles 0°8 the length of the tube, slender, dusky

basally. Abdominal bristles long, moderately slender ;

those on segment 9 almost as long as tube and very

slender.

All sete light, some colourless, others yellowish.

$ .—Size smaller ; body more slender and comparatively

shorter. Fore-femora only slightly more incrassate than in

the ¢ ; fore-tarsus armed.

Loc. Stycuyties. Mahé: 2 2, Cascade Estate, 800 ft.

and over; 5 2,4 6, Long Island, 12—22. vii. 1908 ; 1 near

Morne Blanc ; jungle between Trois Fréres and Morne

Seychellois, about 1500-2000 feet, x1. 1908, 3 @.

Silhouette : numerous examples from the Forest above

Mare aux Cochons, the plateau and near by, September

1908, almost entirely 9 ; 1 ? from high country and one

from near Mont Pot-a-eau, at about 1500 feet, August 1908.

Genus Cryprorurirs, Uzel.

12. Cryptothrips seychellensis, sp. n.

(Pl. VII. figs. 1 & 3.)

2? —Length 2°6 to 29mm.

Colour dark blackish-brown ; fore-tibiz yellowish-brown,

with margins almost to apex darker; all tarsi and tips of

intermediate and hind tibiz narrowly brownish-yellow.

Antenne with segments 1, 6, 7, and 8 concolorous with

head; 2 yellowish-brown to dingy yellow distally, 3 uniform

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 275

dingy yellow ; 4 deeper yellow suffused with grey-brown at

apex ; 5 grey-brown, yellowish in the basal half or there-

abouts. Wings very faint smoky greyish-yellow, a median

vein or thickening, extending to apical fourth, brown.

Head approximately 1:5 times as long as broad, cheeks

gently arcuate in their basal three-fourths, minutely and

sparingly spinose. Space between eyes 1°6 the width of one

of them. Eyes smoothly facetted, small, occupying about

one-fourth (0:25) the dorsal length of the head; postocular

bristles situated just behind each eye, somewhat stout and

about the length of the eye. Ocelli large, placed anteriorly,

the anterior one overhanging, forwardly directed, posterior

pair on a line drawn through the anterior third of eyes near

their inner margin, and, therefore, widely separated ; post-

ocellar setze about 0°6 the length of the postocular pair.

Autennze approximately twice as long as the head, joint 3

elongate clavate, 4 and 5 clavate; the relative lengths of

3 to 8 approximately as follows :—66: 59:48:38 : 27 : 20.

Trichomes short and stout.

Pronotum transverse, about 0°55 the length of the head

and twice as broad as long. Pronotal sete evidently

prominent, those on the posterior margin the longest and

stoutest (the outer of them in the only specimen in which

these bristles have been preserved, being 0°7 the median

length of pronotum) and the mid-lateral pair coming

next; antero-marginal pairs short and weak. Pterothorax

quadrate, broader than the breadth across fore-coxze. Legs

normal, fore-tarsi unarmed, Fore-wing with 19-22 dupli-

cated cilia (26 in the solitary $ example).

Abdomen heavy, broader than pterothorax subparallel to

segment 6, 6 narrowing posteriorly, and 7 to 9 roundly

narrowed to base of tube. Tube as long as or slightly longer

than the head, twice as broad at base as at apex; terminal

bristles dusky basally, colourless and very slender distally,

about 0:7 the length of tube. Abdominal bristles stout and

long, yellowish to light yellowish-brown; a pair on 9 the

longest, about 0°75 the length of the tube; those on 8 much

shorter and spine-like, an inner dorsal pair dark brown in

colour ; those on 6 and 7 long, about 0°7 to 0°8 the length of

those on 9 and stronger.

d .—Fore-femora strongly incrassate, fore-tarsus with a

broadly-seated stout tooth ; pterothorax moderately convex.

Bristles on earlier abdominal segments stouter than in

(the preparation in the 2? is so Opaque that a true

comparison is impossible) ; the short sete at each hind-angle

Lg;

276 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

of 4 to 9 is distinctly spine-like, and there are two long,

stout, dark postero-marginal bristles on segments 4 to 6 at

least, and 1] on 8.

Loc. Srycne.tites. Mahé: Cascade Estate, about 1000 feet,

iil, 1909,3 9,1 6.

13. Cryptothrips difficilis, sp. n.

(Pl. VII. figs. 2, 4.)

9-.—Length 3°2 mm.

This species comes very near to C. seychellensis. There

is unfortunately only one specimen, but, apart from its larger

size, a number of small differences may be observed. The

head is comparatively longer (63 : 40 compared to 57 : 40),

and the cheeks practically subparallel. The postocular

bristles are much longer and more slender, being 1:7 times

the length of the eye, whilst the interocellar pair are

placed nearer together. The antennal segments 3 and 4 are

of a uniform deep yellow (or light brownish-yellow), the

fourth not shaded with brown at apex as in seychellensis.

The pronotum is not so strongly transverse, and the width

across fore-coxe is less compared to the breadth of the

pterothorax.

Loc. Strycuetites, Silhouette: near Mont Pot-a-eau,

about 1500 feet, August 1908, 1 ?.

Genus ApiaPHoroTuRirs, Bagnall.

14. Adiaphorothrips brevis, sp. n.

(PI. IV. fig. 6.)

¢ .—Length 2°4 mm.

Dark black-brown to black, shining ; fore-tibie dark

yellowish-brown ; antenne black, second antennal joint

distally and third wholly lght yellowish-brown, fourth

chestuut-brown.

Head very slightly longer than broad ; cheeks parallel,

spinose. Eyes finely facetted, postocular bristles long ;

ocelli red, posterior pair touching inner margin of eyes and

on about a line drawn through their centre ; anterior ocellus

forwardly directed with two minute but stout spinelets on

each side. Antennz about twice the length of the head,

stout ; joints 3 to 5 claviform ; 4 only slightly shorter

than 3; 7 and 8 closely united. Sense-cones moderately

longer, slender.

Prothorax massive, broadly united to the pterothorax,

a Bl a

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 277

not quite so long as the head, broadest near base, where it is

about 2°25 times as broad as long. Surface smooth and

shining, convex ; sides arched to base, margined ; base also

margined. A pair of fovez indicated—one on each side of

the centre line near the anterior margin, with a curved

depression behind. Bristles long, the pair at posterior

angles about 0°65 the length of the prothorax ; those at

anterior angles directed forwards, straight. Pterothorax

very slightly broader than the prothorax,. transverse.

Wings broad, parallel-sided, reaching to the ninth abdominal

segment, fore-wings with approximately thirty duplicated

cilia ; cilia smoky-brown. Legs rather short and stout, fore-

femora strongly incrassate ; tibiz stout and tarsus armed

with a stout tooth.

Abdomen broadly united to pterothorax, broadest at

about the sixth segment, where it is about 1°2 times as

broad as the prothorax ; segments strongly transverse.

Tube a little longer than the head, stout; surface strongly

sculptured, in some lights having a scale-like, in others

a punctate, appearance ; extreme apex smooth. Terminal

bristles as long as the tube; yellowish-brown, darkest

basally. Bristles on 9 and 7 as long as the tube. Other

abdominal bristles moderately long and stout.

Loc. Srycuettes. Mahé: 1 3g, highdamp forest between

Trois Freres and Morne Seychellois, about 1500-2000 ft.,

xii. 1908.

Separated from A. simplex, Bagn., and A. antennatus,

Bagn. (Bornean species), by its smaller size, shorter and

stouter form, and the short head, which in simplex and

antennatus is 1°7 and 1-5 times as long as broad, respectively.

The intermediate antennal joints are relatively much shorter.

Genus Evrynorurirs, Bagnall.

15. Eurynothrips denticollis, Bagnall.

This species, described in 1908 from Queensland examples,

is represented in Mr. Scott’s collection by one male example.

Its presence in the Seychelles fauna is surprising, as it has

not been up to now recorded outside Queensland.

Loc. Stycneturs. Mahé: 1 2g, near Morne Blanc, x.-xi.

1908.

278 Mr. R. §. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

Genus Liorurirs, Uzel,

16. Liothrips nigricornis, sp. n.

(Pl. V. figs. 7-9.)

Length 3°5 to 4°2 mm.

Colour black, shining ; fore-tibize, all knees and tarsi

chestnut-brown; antennze black with the extreme base and

apex of joimt 3 very narrowly and scarcely noticeably

yellowish.

Head approximately 1-6 times as long as broad across

base of eyes, where it is broadest, swollen dorsally, and

narrowed towards neck. Surface irregularly transversely

striate. Eyes small, occupying about 0:2 the dorsal length

of head ; finely facetted. Ocelli large, not touching inner

margins of eyes; anterior ocellus forwardly directed.

Minute inter- and post-ocellar set present ; postocular

bristles rather long. Cheeks sparingly and minutely setose.

Mouth-cone reaching beyond prosternum. Antenne about

1-8 times the length of the head ; relative lengths of joints

3 to 8 as follows :—17: 16: 14:10:7:4, 3 and 4 broader

than 5, 3-5 mildly clavate ; 6 fusiform; 7 and 8 rather

broadly united with 8, obconical or obpyriform.

Prothorax transverse, less than 0°5 the length of head,

and twice as broad as long; setz light-coloured, rather

short, excepting those on posterior margin, the outer pair

(at posterior angles) of which are about 0-7 the length

of the prothorax. Prothorax broader than width across

fore-coxee, about as long as broad. Wings tinted with

yellow ; median veins brownish-yellow ; cilia smoky. Fore-

wing slightly narrowed in the median fifth, where it is about

one-twelfth as broad as long. Cilia close, with a long

duplicated series of over 40. Fore-legs with femora in.

crassate ; tibia stout and tarsus armed with a strong tooth.

Hind and intermediate tibise with a moderately long fine

seta on the outer margin below knee (in basal third) and

another near apex.

Abdomen scarcely broader than pterothorax, narrowing

gently from segment 4. Tube long and ‘rather stout ; about

1-2 times as long as the head, more than 4 times as long

as broad at base, gently narrowing to apical fifth and then

somewhat markedly constricted before apex ; terminal hairs

not strong, yellowish-brown basally ; about or a little more

than 0°5 the length of tube. Lateral abdominal bristles

long and strong, yellow to dusky yellow. Longest pair of

Jrom the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 279

bristles on 7 at least twice as long as those on 8, and about

0°6 the length of the tube. Those on 9 as long as the tube.

Easily recognised by the wholly black antenne and the

posteriorly convergent cheeks, this latter character bringing

it in the same group as L. elongatus, Bagnall (vide Karny’ s

table, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1912, pp. 47 0-475), i in which species

the third antennal joint is yellow and the tube exceptionally

short.

Loc. Srycuewtes. Silhouette: 7 ¢, Mare aux Cochons

and forest above, September 1908.

17. Liothrips intrepidus, sp. n.

6 .—Length ec. 3°3 mm.

This species so closely approaches L. nigricornis in every

way that a separate deser iption is unnecessary. The head

is shorter and only 1:35 times as long as broad. The

antenna is about twice as long as the head. The prothorax

is More massive and convex, broader, more than half as long

as the head and 2°3 times as broad as long. The tube is

slightly longer than the head, and the abdominal bristles are

shorter, those on segment 9 being but one-half as long as

the tube.

The relative lengths of the third and fourth antennal

joints appear to differ, but unfortunately they are mounted

at an angle. The insect is noticeably smailer than L. nigri-

cornis. Unfortunately, there are but two examples and one

is so distorted in mounting that I have considered it

advisable to destroy it (though better than the type-specimen

in its abdominal chetotaxy) rather than risk it misleading

future students. I hope that further examples may be

forthcoming.

Loc. Srycnevirs. Silhouette: Mare aux Cochons and

forest above, September 1908.

18. Liothrips sp. (? micrurus, Bagn.).

(Pl. VI. figs. 1-3.)

There is one mutilated ¢ example of a species of

Liothrips, which if not identical with ZL. micrurus is very

closely related to it. The tube is longer than in mounted

examples of L. micrurus,and the head is also longer, but the

specimen may be a large example. The mount is of such

a fragmentary nature that it is impossible to say more.

L. micrurus is an Egyptian insect found on Zyziphus.

280 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

Loc. Srycurties. Mahé: 1 2? from country above Port

Glaud, about 900-1000 ft., 5. xi. 1908.

Family Idolothripide.

Genus Dicatornrrrs, Buffa.

19. Dicaiothrips seychellensis, sp. n.

? .—Length 3:4 to 3°8 mm.

Dark black-brown to black, third autennal joint yellowish-

brown, darker at apex.

Head 2°6 times as long as broad ; eyes occupying a little

more than 0:2 and produced part about 0°12 the total length.

Cheeks narrowed behind eyes and thence swollen before

base, genal spines knobbed, sparse, colourless ; postocular

bristles longer than the eye, light-coloured ; anteocular pair

also long, stouter than the postocular pair and similarly

lightly coloured. Eyes bulging, finely facetted; ocelli

situated as in D. levicollis, Bagn., and D. foveicollis, Bagn.

Antenne about 1°5 times as long as the. head; joints 8 to

5 mildly claviform ; 7 and 8 practically subequal in length ;

relative lengths of 8 to 8 approximately as follows :—

07 51:46:34 : 24:22, as compared to 72:66 :57 : 36: 24:

21 in D. falcatus, Karny. Maxillary palpi with the second

segment approximately four times the length of the first,

Pronotum medianly 0:3 the length of head and twice

as broad posteriorly as long. Setze light-coloured ; antero-

marginal pairs short ; mid-lateral and postero-marginal pairs

long, the outer postero-marginal sete about 0°6 of the

length of the pronotum. Legs normal, fore-tarsus with a

very short broad-seated blunt tooth. Pterothorax as broad

as long, a little broader than the width across the fore-cox.

Fore-wings about fourteen times as“long as broad across

middle, clear with cilia dusky and closely set ; 30 duplicated

cilia (in six counts—29 once, 30 four times, and 32 once).

Abdomen narrowing gently from the fourth segment to

the base of the tube. Tube 0°8 the length of the head, sides

gently narrowed, distally about twice as broad at base as at

apex. Terminal hairs weak, about 0°6 the length of the tube.

Abdominal bristles fairly long, yellowish, blunt or faintly

Knobbed, excepting those on segment 9, which are pointed,

darker, and very long, slightly longer than the tube.

d .—Smaller and more slender, with the tube only 0:7 the

length of the head. Fore-femur incrassate with a prominent

“sickle” bristle ; setee on outer margin moderately short

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 281

and stout; of the sparse dorsal sete one, backwardly directed

as though to protect the trochanter, appears to be more

than usually stout. Fore-tibize at distal angle within

obtusely produced, and fore-tarsus with a long stout tooth.

Abdominal segments 8 as long as 7 and a little more than

one-half the length of the tube. Duplicated bristles of fore-

wings 25 and 27 in the single example from Mahé and 27

and 29 in the Silhouette specimen.

Loc. Srycuetirs. Mahé: 2 2, country above Port Glaud,

about 500-1000 ft., 5. xi. 1998; 2 9,14, Cascade Estate,

800-1000 ft., i. 1909. Silhouette: 1 g and2 ?, taken from

long grass in cultivated country near Mont Pot-a-eau, about

1500 ft., Aug. 1908.

This description is taken from Mahé examples. ‘The

single g example from Silhouette has the postocular bristles

set curiously far back, whilst the genal chetotaxy is com-

paratively weaker. The fore-femur is more strongly in-

crassate and apparently more generously spinose and setose.

The smaller and weaker genal spines are also shown in both

the Silhouette 2 ? and in one ? from Mahé, these latter

examples also agreeing in the possession of a comparatively

broad head, caused, I believe, by a difference of treatment, the

microscopic mounts having been made at a much later date.

Of the species of Dicaiothrips described from the Indo-

Malayan and African regions, two are separated from all

others by the fact that all the antennal joints excepting only

the third are uniformly dark. They are D. denticollis, Bagn.

(Malay Archipelago), of which Buffa’s schdttii (non Heeger)

is probably synonymous, and D. falcatus, Karny. D. denti-

collis is a very much larger insect than the one just described

and any further comparison is unnecessary. D. falcatus is

only slightly larger (3°8 to 4°6 mm. in length), and differs in

the relative lengths of the antennal segments, most noticeably

8 to 5, which are Jonger than in D. seychellensis, and in the

shorter tube, which is but 0°6 the length of the head. The

antenne are only one-third longer than the head in falcatus,

whilst there are forty duplicated cilia in the fore-wings.

20. Dicaiothrips rex *, sp. n.

(Pl. VII. figs. 5, 6.)

6 .—Length 5:0 mm.

Colour brown, including all femora, tibie, and tarsi,

* Described on the eve of November 11th, 1918, and dedicated to His

Most Gracious Majesty King George V.

282 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

excepting the fore-tarsi which are yellowish. Wings practi-

cally clear, exhibiting but the slightest trace of a sulphurous

yellow tinge ; cilia dusky. Antenne (excepting the two

basal joints) unfortunately lost in the unique example.

Head long and slender, 3°3 times as long as broad at

base. Eyes occupying about 0°2 and the produced part 0°12

of the total length. Postocular and anteocular bristles

rather long ; genal spines few, three pairs (one immediately

behind eyes, one near middle, and one basal) prominent. A

dorsal pair of bristles on the same line as the mid-lateral

genal spines.

Pronotum about 0°45 the length of the head and 1°6 times

as broad as long. Apparently only the postero-marginal

sete prominent and those of the outer pair are seemingly

less than 0°3 the median length of the pronotum. Fore-

coxa produced, forming a seat for the coxal spine. Fore-

femora strongly incrassate, armed with some stout setz on

outer margin near base ; fore-tibia stout, distal inner angle

sharp ; fore-tarsus with a stout broadly-seated tooth. Wings

with closely ciliated margins, fore-wings with forty-nine

duplicated cilia.

Abdomen gradually narrowing from base, no great dis-

parity between the lengths of segments 7 and 8, the latter

being the longer. Tube approximately 0°6 the length of the

head ; terminal hairs weak distally and about 0°75 the

length of the tube. Abdominal bristles light-coloured and

moderately long; those on segment 9 about 0°8 the length

of the tube; the longest on 4 to 7 only from 0:4 to 0°5 the

length of those on 9.

D. rex is the same length as, and can only be compared

with, an East African species, D. stenocephalus, Bagn., from

which it is readily separated by numerous differences in the

chetotaxy. The ante- and postocular bristles are longer in

D. stenocephalus, whilst all the pronotal sete are well de-

veloped. On the other hand, the genal set in that species

(stenocephalus) are shorter without the markedly outstanding

pairs, other than the pair immediately behind the eyes, and

more numerous. The hind and intermediate femora and

tibiz in both species are furnished with rows of short setz,

which in D. rex are distinctly shorter and more slender and

therefore less noticeable than in D. stenocephalus. D. rex is

a stouter insect, the front femora are longer and much more

incrassate, and the width (12:5, as compared with 10: 4) of

the pterothorax is about one-fifth (0°) greater than in

D. stenocephalus.

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 283

The head is longer in J. rea than in D. stenocephalus

(13: 11-5), and the tube the same length in the two species,

and therefore shorter in comparison with the head in D. rea.

Loc. StycHe ites. Silhouette: Mare aux Cochons, 6. ix.

1908, 13.

21. Dicaiothrips mahensis, sp. n.

(Pl. VII. fig. 9.)

6 .—Length 5°5 to 6-0 mm.

Colour dark chestnut-brown to black-brown; fore-tarsi

yellowish-brown. Wings faintly tinged with sulphurous

yellow and cilia fumate. Antennal joint 3 light lemon-

yellow with a narrow dark brown ring at extreme apex; 4

also yellow with distal third brown and a very narrow ring

of brown at extreme base; 5 with basal half or thereabouts

yellow and the apical half brown ; 1 and 6-8 dark black-

brown and 2 brown to yellowish-brown distally. Sickle-

shaped spine of fore-femur yellow and abdominal bristles

light-coloured.

Head approximately 2°7 to 3:0 times as long as broad at

base ; eyes occupying 0°2 and the produced part about 0°12

the total length. Postocular bristles set well back, rather

long, anteocular pair moderately long. Genal spines, ex-

cepting for the pair behind the eyes short and more or less

subequal. Antenne 1°5 times the length of the head,

slender; relative lengths of joints 3-8 approximately :—

47 :40:34:21:14:18. Sense-trichomes moderately long,

slender, colourless, on segments 3 to 5, and a short stout one

on inner side of 6; of the protective bristles one on the

outer side of each of the segments 38 to 5 is noticeably long.

Pronotum 0°4 the length of the head and 1:7 times as

broad as long. Setz of posterior margin prominent, the

outer pair longer than the inner and approximately 0°6 the

median length of the pronotum; mid-lateral and antero-

marginal pairs apparently minute. Fore-coxe prominent,

produced to form a seat for the coxal setz ; fore-femora

very strongly incrassate and armed with several stout spines

on the outer margin of the basal third or thereabouts ; fore-

tibia stout, distal inner angle produced ; fore-tarsus with a

long stout tooth. Pterothorax broader than the width

across fore-coxz, broadest in the region of the suture of

meta- and mesothorax. Wings closely ciliated, with 45:48

duplicated cilia in one specimen and 50:54 in another.

Abdomen gradually narrowing from base, where it is

284 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

narrower than the pterothorax, with no great disparity

between the lengths of segments 7 and 8, the latter being

the shorter. Tube approximately 0°6 the length of the head,

sides gently narrowed to near apex and then faintly con-

stricted. Terminal hairs weak distally, about 0°7 the length

of the tube. Abdominal bristles light-coloured and mode-

rately long, those on segment 9 about 0°8 the length of the

tube.

This species differs from D. rex in its larger size, darker

colour, stouter head, and the absence of the outstanding

genal spinelets other than the pair immediately behind the

eyes. From D. stenocephalus it differs in its stouter head,

the longer intermediate antennal joints, the shorter post-

ocular and anteocular bristles, seemingly stouter and

shorter genal spinelets, the more strongly incrassate fore-

femora, ete. In D. stenocephalus there are a pair of longish

bristles on the intermediate tibiz in the basal third, which

are not nearly so long and prominent (about 0°5 the length)

in this species, whilst the minor sete of the intermediate

and hind femora and tibize are more as in D. rev than in

D. stenocephalus.

Loc. Seycuznttrs. Mahé: 2 ¢ from near Morne Blane,

x.-xi. 1908.

There is a g example from Mahé (Cascade Estate, about

1000 feet) which is apparently referable to this species, but

differs in many ways. The head is slightly shorter, whilst

there is a prominent pair of genal spines below the middle ;

and the produced part is comparatively less. The antenne

are of a deeper yellow or light brownisk-yellow where they

are lemon-yellow in the form just described. The pronotum

is shorter and the postero-marginal sete are shorter, the outer

part being of a light vellow colour, whilst the coxal spine is

also comparatively shorter (8:10). There are only forty

duplicated cilia in the fore-wing. I have labelled it D.

mahensis var., provisionally.

22. Dicatothrips hystria, sp. n.

(Pl. VII. fig. 8.)

? —Length 3°7-4°0 mm.

Colour dark chestuut-brown; third antennal joint lemon-

yellow lightly tinged with brown at apex and narrowly

ringed with dark brown at extreme apex ; four similarly

yellow with the distal third or more brown and the extreme

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 285

base narrowly ringed with darker brown; 5 with the basal

third yellow in the Silhouette specimens, but yellow-brown

to light brown in most of those from Mahé.

Head 2°6 times as long as broad ; eyes occupying 0°23

and produced part about 0°14 the total length. Cheeks

feebly arcuate in the basal half, genal spines few, one im-~

mediately behind eye and one near base somewhat stronger

than the others and in some cases also a median pair ;

faintly knobbed. Postocular bristles long, much longer

than the length of the eye ; anteocular pair also long,

brown. Eyes bulging, faintly facetted ; ocelli situated as in

D. rex and others. Antenne about 1°6 times as long as the

head ; joints 3 to 5 mildly claviform ; relative lengths of

joints 3 to 8 approximately as follows :—68:60:49:37: 26:25.

Pronotum medianly 04 the length of the head and about

0°6 as long as broad; all setz very fully developed, yellowish-

brown; the pair at posterior angles approximately 0°7 the

length of the pronotum ; the inner posterior marginal pair

longer, viz. 0°8 the length; the mid-lateral pair 0-6 and the

pair at anterior angles 0°4 the length of the pronctum.

Pteronotum very slightly broader than long. Wings

faintly tinged with yellowish-brown, rather broad, reaching

to about the seventh abdominal segment ; fore-wings about

thirteen times as long as broad near middle and furnished

with 27 to 388 duplicate cilia. Legs normal, fore-femur

slightly incrassate, with a noticeable swelling at the apical

third within and a long hair equal in length to the breadth

of the femur near basal third within.

Abdomen somewhat heavy, basally stouter than ptero-

thorax, and narrowing from the third segment ; tube about

or perhaps slightly more than 0°8 the length of the head,

narrowing gently to distal third and thence more sharply to

apex, where it is rather noticeably constricted and one-half,

or less than one-half as broad as at base. Terminal hairs

about 0°55 the length of the tube. Abdominal bristles much

as in seychellensis, those on so. 9 nearly as long as the

tube.

3d .—Smaller and more slender with the tube only 0°65 to

0-7 the length of the head. Fore-femur not strongly

incrassate and with the swelling at distal third within

noticeable; sickle-shaped spine stout in the only specimen

in which it has been preserved; several sioutish spines on

outer margin near base; segments 7 and 8 of abdomen

practically subequal, the latter being slightly shorter upon

measurement (12:11), and about 0°4 the length of the tube

286 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

in the type-specimen. Duplicate bristles of fore-wings 26

32.

Loc. Seyvcueties. Silhouette: 2 2 andl @, from which

the types are taken, from Mare aux Cochons, 6. ix. 1908;

2%, 1, Mare aux Cochons (or the forest immediately

above). Mahé: 3 29,4 ¢, country above Port Glaud, about

500-1000 feet, 5. xi. 1908; 2 9 and 1 g, Cascade Estate,

about 1000 feet, 11. & ii. 1909; and 9 ? and6 ¢ near Morne

Blane.

The pronotal chetotaxy is distinctive. This appears to

be the commonest species of Idolothripide on the Islands.

ADDENDUM ON MATERIAL FROM RODRIGUES.

Since the original material from the Seychelles Islands

was dealt with, Dr. Scott has, as already stated, sent mea

small but intensely interesting collection of thrips from

Rodrigues Island. Some general remarks on this island and

on the affinities of the material will be found above (p. 260).

Suborder TEREBRANTIA.

Family Thripide, Uzel.

1. Tryphactothrips brevisetis, Bagn.

There are six carded examples (since prepared as micro-

scopic mounts) apparently referable to this species, and

separated at once from the two known species, rutherfordi

(Bagn.) and rodoris, Bagn., by the short wing-setze. The

West-African species, roboris, is quite different from the

other two, and readily recognized by the short and strongly

transverse head and pronotum.

Form and size as in rutherfordi, golden-yellow to yellow-

brown, suffused with grey-brown and more darkly brown

at the sides of head, pronotum, pterothorax, and abdomen

excepting the three apical segments; fore-legs yellow lightly

tinged with yellow-brown ; hind-tibiz and all tarsi also

yellow ; hind-femora light brown, intermediate femora and

tibie dark black-brown, yellowish at knee. Antenne with

joints 1 and 2 yellowish-brown, 3 to 5 clear yellow, and 6 to 8

brown, extreme base of 6 narrowly clear yellow.

The curious explanate frill-like margins of the head and

pronotum appear to be less prominent than in rutherfordi,

ee ee

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 287

but unfortunately this delicate structure is mutilated in the

whole of the material through mounting dry.

Antenne of same type as in Dinurothrips hookeri, slender,

about 2°2 times as long as the head, with faint chitinous

rings ; segments 3 and 4 vase-like in form and abruptly

narrowed in the apical fourth, 5 normally clavate; 6 to 8

closely united, narrowing from the distal third of 6 and

produced, 8 being a long, slender, pencil-like segment.

Trichomes colourless, simple, very long, and very slender.

Relative lengths of joints 3 (including stem) to 8 approxi-

mately as follows :—26 : 22 :18:15:5:1]1.

Fore-wings broad at base, thence narrow and parallel to

near tip; about sixteen times as long as broad near middle.

Medianly at base, margins of scale and fork of the veins

brown, otherwise basal third only lightly tinted, then a band

of grey-brown occupying one-eighth the wing-length, and a

similar dark band occupying about one-fourth the wing-

length just before the tip. Spines short and stout, mostly

dark brown in colour ; one at fork of veins ; four in upper

vein—that is, one light one near fork and another near tip

of wing, a dark one at beginning of first dark patch and

another near end of second dark patch; six in lower vein

widely spaced, but approximately 2+1+1+42 or 24+2+4+2;

costa, commencing on a line with vein-fork, with eleven

short spines.

I have little doubt but that this is the same species as

recorded from the Seychelles Islands. There is some

variability in the arrangement of the six spines of lower vein

in the fore-wing. In the Mahé example there is one extra

in the middle pair, making seven, and on one wing of the

Rodrigues material there is one less, making five. In some

specimens the six sete are more or less equidistant, thus

reading 1+1+1+1+1+1.

Loc. Ropricuss: females only.

Suborder TuUBULIFERA.

Family Phleothripide, Uzel.

2. Cenurothrips minor, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 1:4 mm.

Colour chestnut-brown ; fore-legs yellow, the outer margin

of the tibie and the femora shaded with brown; other

femora yellowish, but strongly shaded with brown towards

288 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

the outer margin, and the tibiz almost entirely brown.

Wings fumate, basally somewhat darker. First antennal

joint light brown; 2 and 38 yellow, the latter lightly tinged

with grey-brown distally ; 4 yellow, brown in distal two-

thirds ; 5 to 8 dark brown, with the base of 5 lighter.

Head as in 6revicollis, but shorter, being about 0°8 as

long as broad; postocular spines longer than the length of

the eye, strong; interocular (or interocellar) spines about

0°6 the length of the postocular, also strong. Ocelli appa-

rently much as in brevicollis, but difficult to make out in the

single preparation. Antenne about 24 times as long as the

head, with apical and penultimate joints closely united ;

joints 8 and 4 clavate, 5 and 6 with short constricted stem ;

relative lengths of joints 2 to 8 approximately as follows :—

40:50: 44:42:40: 26: 23.

Pronotum transverse, about 0°6 the length of the head and

about 2°4 times as broad as long. Setz short except the

postero-marginal ones, the outer pair of which appear to be

about 0°4 the median length of the pronotum. Fore-wings

with seven duplicated cilia. Fore-femora incrassate and fore-

tarsi apparently unarmed; other legs stout.

Abdomen elongate-ovate, much broader than the ptero-

thorax. Tube of normal form, about 0°8 as long as the head

und 1°6 times as long as broad at base. Sides gradually

narrowing to apical fifth, and then more noticeably con-

stricted. Abdominal bristles of segments 7 to 9 stout, those

on 9 apparently about as long as the tube; 6 without any,

and those on 7 and 8 of approximately the same length and

noticeably shorter than 9.

Near C. brevicollis, m., but readily separated by the

smaller size, the coloration of antenne, the longer and

narrower pronotum and the smaller and more slender tube,

the much shorter lateral abdominal bristles on segment 9,

and the apparent lack of same on segment 6.

Loc. Roprieurs: 1 @ only.

3. Liothrips thomasseti, sp. n.*

Length c. 4°0 mm.

Colour black, shining; fore-tibize and all tarsi brown.

Antennal joint 5 brownish-black.

* Named in honour of Mr. H. P. Thomasset, whose careful field-

work has done much to increase our knowledge of the zoological and

botanical productions of the islands in the W.-Indian Ocean.

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 289

Head with cheeks subparallel, about 1°7 times as long as

broad ; a pair of long, fine interocular bristles placed imme-

diately behind the posterior ocelli; postocular bristles also

slender, remote from eyes, and situated approximately on a

line with their inner margins. Antenne as in nigricornis,

about 1°6 times the length of the head; relative lengths of

Joints 3 to 8 approximately as follows: —55:56:49:40: 30:23.

Pronotum strongly transverse, about 0:4 as long as the

head and at least 2°5 times as broad as long. All sete

present and well-developed; outer postero-marginal pair

0°85 and the pair at anterior angles about 0'6 as long as the

median length of pronotum. Wings as in nigricornis. Legs

also much as in nigricornis, but fore-femur with several long

and strong outstanding bristles on the outer margin, and the

hair-like bristle at base of fore-femur within and those on

outer margin of fore-tibia much longer than in nigricornis.

Abdomen as in nigricornis; tube longer and more slender,

about 1°25 times as long as the head and nearly five times

as long as broad near base. ‘Terminal hairs colourless

except basally, slender, slightly more than one-half (0°5) the

length of the tube. Lateral abdominal bristles long and

strong, brown ; those on 9 about as long as the tube and

those on 6 longer than in nigricornis, about 0°7 the length of 9.

Separated from nigricornis by the subparallel cheeks, the

shorter and more strongly transverse pronotum, the cheto-

taxy of the pronotum and fore-legs, and the longer and more

slender tube.

Loc. RopricveEs: two examples.

Examination of material of the genus Liothrips from the

Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles has enabled me to

draw up a table of species forming a group recognized by

the black antennz (the third joint being scarcely lighter in

colour than the succeeding), with the tube longer than the

head and the fore-wings with forty or more duplicated

cilia :—

1. Species with head converging posteriorly, and

pronotal sete (excepting the postero-mar-

ginal) shert, (Seychelles.) ...:.......0+- 2.

Species with cheeks subparallel ; all pronotal

setes long and well-developed. (Rodrigues.) JL. thomasset?, Bagn.

2, Size larger. Head longer, approximately 1°6

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 20

290 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on Thysanoptera

times as long as broad, with antenns 1:8 times

as long as the head. Bristles of abdominal

segment 0'9 as long as the tube .......... L. mgricornis, Bagn.

Size smaller. Head shorter, 1:35 times as long

as broad, with antennz twice as long as the

head. Bristles of abdominal segment 9 only

one-half (0°5) as long as the tube ........ L, intrepidus, Bagn.

Family Ecacanthothripide, Bagn.

Hood suggests that this family should be sunk as a

synonym of Phleothripide, despite the bizarre nature of the

antennal sensoria—a character which must be regarded as

of some importance when we remember that the type of

sense-cones remains constant and the same throughout the

other members of the Tubulifera (Phlceothripoidea) through-

out the families Phlceothripide, Idolothripide (+ Mega-

thripide), and Hystrichothripid. Only in Ecacanthothrips

(+ Ormothrips) do we find a striking departure in this direc-

tion. I may add that the type of antennal sensoria in the

main families of the Terebrantia is peculiar and constant

to each family (vide Molothripide, Heterothripide, and

Thripidz).

Genus Ecacantuorturirs, Bagn.

4. Ecacanthothrips sp.

There is a single ¢ example referable to the sanguwineus

group. It possesses the pilose fore-femora seen in Ceylon

examples (H. steinskyi), but the intermediate antennal joints

5 and 6 would appear to be basally yellowish as in san-

guineus, and not unicolorous as in séeinskyi. The hind-

femora have a series of six stout, erect, infundibuliform

' setee along their upper margin, and the fore-wings a series

of twenty-eight duplicated cilia (sixteen to twenty in san-

guineus, teste Karny). The pronotal sete of the fore-angles

are very long. I have kept this specimen for future study.

According to Schmutz steinskyi has a series of fifteen to

twenty duplicated sete in the fore-wing, but of a series of

material from Ceylon apparently representing two species

both with the antennz unicolorous (one of which is almost

certainly steinskyi) all possess twenty or more duplicated

sete.

It is quite clear that all existing material of this group

requires closer study in the light of recent advances. It

would seem that EZ. dryanti, Bagn., is at once separated by

from the Seychelles Islands and Rodrigues. 291

its very strongly pilose fore-femora, and EL. crassiceps, Karny,

by its short head ; but EH. sanguineus wants definitely fixing

from New Guinea material, as also EH. steinskyi from Ceylon.

I have very little doubt that the genus is rich in species, but

it is not desirable to describe further species till the type is

better known. These remarks do not apply to a second

group recognized by the simple fore-coxz, containing coxalis,

Bagn., and flavipes, Bagn., and in view of this second group

it may be desirable to regard Ormothrips inermis as belonging

to a third division of the genus Ecacanthothrips.

Divisions of the Genus Ecacanthothrips.

1. Fore-femora with a large tooth near base

and another at apex within (¢) ora

short tooth near the middle(Q). Fore-

cox either produced or simple in the ¢. 2.

Fore-femora and fore-coxze simple in both

BeKes (OrMocnyvypay vasa cccnce alain «4 « Group 3 (containing 7-

2. Fore-coxe produced in the ¢, and more Lermets, Buffa).

or less bent distally, set with several

BUOHG RGGH (arels dh Wtrs ciara sy oth HY aves Fe ninie Group 1 (containing san-

guineus, Bagn., steinskyi, Schmutz,

‘Asie Bagn., and crassiceps, Karny),

Fore-coxe simple in both sexes .,...... Group 2 (containing cov-

|alis, Bagn., and flavipes, Bagn.).

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate IV.

Fiys, 1-2a. Tryphactothrips rutherfordi (Bagn.), 2 , from Ceylon.

1. Head and pronotum. x 120.

2. Right fore-wing. x 60.

2a. Spine on fore-wing. x c, 200.

Fig. 26. Tryphactothrips brevisetis, sp.n., 2., from Mahé,

26. Spine on fore-wing, x 200.

Figs. 3-5. Brachyurothrips anomalus, gen. et sp. n., 2, from Mahé,

3. Head, pronotum, part of pteronotum, and left fore-wing.

x 60.

4, End of abdomen. x 60.

5. Right fore-wing. x 40,

Fig. 6. Adiaphorothrips brevis, sp. n., ¢, from Mahé,

6. Head, right antenna, pronotum, and right leg. x45,

Norr.—Figure 6 is made from a dried carded specimen before it was

transferred to a microscope-slide,

20*

292 On Thysanoptera from the Seychelles and Rodrigues.

Figs.

PuaTE V.

1-2. Acallurothrips macrurus, gen, et sp. n., 2 (?), from Mahé.

1. Head and pronotum. x 60.

2. End of abdomen. x 60.

3-4, Acallurothrips proturus, sp. u., 2 (?); from Silhouette.

3. Head and pronotum. x 60,

4. End ofabdomen. x 60.

5-6. Cenurothrips brevicollis, gen. et sp. u., ¢, from Mahé.

5. Head and pronotum. x 60.

6. End of abdomen. x 60.

7-9. Liothrips nigricornis, sp. n., 6, from Silhouette.

7. Head and pronotum. xX 30.

8. End of abdomen. x 30.

9. Joints 3-8 of right antenna. x 60.

Notr.—All figures made from dried carded specimens before trans-

Figs.

Fig.

Figs.

Fig.

Fug.

Figs.

ference to microscope-slides.

PuateE VI. :

1-3. Liothrips micrurus, Bagn., 9, from Egypt.

1. Head, pronotum, and right fore-leg. x 60.

2. End of abdomen. x 60.

3. Right antenna. xX 60.

4-5, Cenurothrips validus, sp. n., 2, from Silhouette.

4. Head and pronotum. x 60.

5. End of abdomen, but not showing the presumed surface-

sculpturing and carinations of the tube. x 60.

6. Haplothrips karnyi, Bagu., 9, from East Africa.

6. Head and pronotum. x 60.

7-9. Haplothrips longisetis, Bagn., 2 , from Egypt.

7. Head, pronotum, and left fore-leg. x 60,

8. End of abdomen. x 60.

9. Right antenna. x 60.

10. Haplothrips brevicollis, Bagn., 2, from East A frica.

10. Head and pronotum. x 60.

11. Haplothrips silhouettensis, sp. n., 9, from Silhouette.

11. Head and pronotum. x 60.

12-13. Haplothrips mahensis, sp. n., 2 , from Mahé.

12. Head and pronotum. x 60.

13. End of abdomen. x 60.

Prats VIL.

1-4, Cryptothrips seychellensis, sp. n., 9, and C. diffcilis, sp. n.,

©, from Mahé and Silhouette respectively.

1. C. seychellensis, head and pronotum. x 70.

2. C. difficilis, right side of head and pronotum. x 70.

3. C. seychellensis, right eye illustrating chetotaxy. x 180.

4. C. difficilis, right eye illustrating chetotaxy. x 180,

On the Genus Grammostola, Simon. 293

Figs. 5-6. Dicaiothrips rex, sp. u., d, from Silhouette.

. Head, pronotum, and right fore-leg. x 30.

. End of abdomen. x 30,

. Dicaiothrips stenocephalus, Bagn., 3, from East Africa.

. Head and pronotum. x 30.

Fug.

Fig. 8, Dicaiothrips hystrix, sp. u., ¢, from Silhouette.

. Head and pronotum. x 30.

Fig. 9. Dicaiothrips mahensis, sp. n., 3, from Mahé.

. Head, pronotum, and right fore-coxa. x 30.

Figs. 10-11. Gynaikothrips scotti, sp. n.. 2, from Silhouette.

10. Head and pronotum. x 70.

1]. End of abdomen, x 70.

oO MD IN DAN

XXXV.—On the Genus Grammostola, Simon. By MELLO-

Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Society of Sciences.

THE genus Grammostola, created by E. Simon to his Zury-

pelma pulchripes, is essentially neotropical, extending itself

from 20° to 30° south Jatitude ; and almogt all his species

inhabit the southern Brazilian states (S. Paulo, Paranda, Santa

_ Catharina, Rio Grande do Sul) and neighbouring countries.

In the collections of the Natural History Museums of

S. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro I have seen almost all the

known and some new species of this genus, and their study

permits me to amend and complete Simon’s and Pocock’s

diagnoses.

GRAMMOSTOLA, Simon, 1892 =CrITHAROSCELUS, Pocock,

1903.

Cephalothoraz as wide as long or a little longer, with

thoracic fovea deep, right transverse or a little curved.

Eyes small; those of anterior file subequal and subequally

spaced, in a more or less procurved file. Posterior median

eyes generally much smaller than the anterior ones.

The strtdulating organ consists of a thick cluster of slender

bristles, forming a pad upon the distal third of the posterior

side of the coxa of the palp, and a cluster of similar bristles

above and below the suture, at the distal end of the coxa of

the anterior leg. These bristles are more or less numerous.

Sternum flat, with marginal posterior sigillee.

Legs 4,1, 2, 3 or 4-1, 2, 3 or 1, 4, 2, 3. The scopula of

the protarsus 1. and i. either covering less than half the lower

294 Dr. Mello-Leitio on the

side of the segment or extending to its base ; of iii. about

half and of iv. nearly one-third or less.

Protarsus i, (in the male) sometimes more or less bowed.

Geographical Distribution of the Genus Grammostola.

Tibie i. (in male) with two apical spurs; upper tibial spur

rounded at apex, unarmed or with one or two spines lying

along its underside; lower spur strong, directed vertically

Genus Grammostola, Simon. 295

downwards, then curving forwards at the tip, which is some-

times armed above with a short spine.

Palpal organ piriform ; the spine attenuate, pointed, with

slight spiral curvature.

There are nineteen species of Grammostola, which I have

tabulated as follows :—

Table of Species.

A, Stridulating bristles few in number, large

and red distally. Legsiv. longer thani. spatulata (F. Cambridge).

AA. Stridulating bristles numerousand close-

set.

B. Protarsus i. scopulate almost to base.

C. Protarsus i. (in the male) strongly

arcuate.

D, Anterior eyes equidistant ; the

median ones equal to or a little

smaller than laterals.

KE. Eyes, anterior line strongly pro-

curved; upper tibial spur i. (in

3) blunt, without rastellus;

abdomen clothed with golden

LCT CAME ihar tipo iae Ore ogee ae chalcothriz, Chamberlin.

EE. Eyes, anterior line slightly pro-

curved ; upper tibial spur i. (in

¢ ) with a short rastellus at the

tip; abdomen rusty brown .. ferruginea, sp. 0.

DD, Anterior median eyes much

smaller than the lateral ones and

separated by a space exceeding

two diameters and by about a

diameter fromthe laterals. Upper

tibial spur with prominent in-

ternal angle, without rastellus .. pelehra, sp. n.

CC. Protarsus i, (in ¢) less arcuate.

D. Anterior eyes subequal and sub-

equally spaced; ocular tubercle

moderately convex. Legs with

fine longitudinal light yellow

PROG oid cits olathe crehneee neva pulchripes (Simon).

DD. Anterior median eyes smaller

than the laterals, separated from

each other by a space exceeding

their diameter and by about a

diameter from the laterals. .

E. Ocular tubercle moderately con-

vex. Posterior median eyes

about as large as the anterior

ones. Legs with bright longi-

tudinal lines ..,.., SAP os J Fasciata, sp. nv.

296 Dr. Mello-Leitio on the

EE. Ocular tubercle very high.

Posterior median eyes much

smaller than the anterior ones.

Legs without bright longitu-

dinralvimes <5 ois cae artes

BB. Scopula on protarsus i. not nearly ex-

tending to its base.

C, Protarsus i. (in ¢) strongly arcuate.

D. There are some short stout spines

on the posterior side of the coxa

of the palp beneath the stridu-

lating briatles <2... > amin Cote

DD. There are no spines beneath the

stridulating bristles on the coxa

of the palp. (Cephalothorax

shorter than protarsus iv. and

patella+tibia i. or iv.) ....,...

CC. Protarsus i. (in ¢) less arcuate.

D. Sevpula on protarsus i. covering

more than half the lower side of

the segment.

KE. Legs iv. much longer thani. ..

KE. Legs iv. and i. subequal.

F, Legs i. longer than iv. ; pro-

tarsus i. (in ¢) shorter than

LURES a choral rg aie a yeate

FF. Legs i. equal to or little

shorter than i.

G. Cephalothorax longer than

wide.

H. Cephalothorax as long as

protarsus iv...........

HH. Cephalothorax longer

than protarsus iv. ...

GG. Cephalothorax as wide as

long and lenger than pro-

tarsus iv.

H. Upper tibial spur i. (in

do) with rounded blunt

tip; cox of pedipalp

and falces with fiery-red

IDVISHGSs! ce WAe we he oe

HH. Upper tibial spur i. (in

¢d) with prominent ex-

ternalapicalangle; coxze

of pedipalp and falces

with dull violet bristles.

DD. Scopula on protarsus i. covering

less than half the lower side of

the seement.

FE. Cephalothorax longer than wide;

legs iv. longer than i. (Me-

dian anterior eyes smaller than

laterals. )

F. Cephalothorax much smaller

than patella-+tibia i. or iv. ;

patella+tibia iv. than pa-

Cella GUE A. cere ie wie op issere

mollicoma (Ausserer).

gosset, Poe.

argentinense, Strand.

grandicola, Strand.

brevimetatarsis, Strand.

alticeps (Pocock).

cala, Chamberlin.

acteon (Pocock),

gigantea, sp. 1,

theringui, 3 (Keyserling).

Genus Grammostola, Simon. 297

FF. Cephalothorax nearly as long

as patella-+tibia i.

G. Cephalothorax alittle longer

than patella+tibia i. .... cheringtt, 2 (Keyserling).

GG, Cephalothorax longerthan

patella + tibia iv. and

shorter than patella +

URI Ese wate ace tara oans Familiaris (Bertkau).

EE. Cephalothorax as wide as long ;

legs i. longer than iv.

I, Stridulating bristles few in

number above the suture of

the coxa i.; lower tibial

spur i. (In ¢) without spine

on the outer side.......... roquetiet, sp. Nn.

FF. Stridulating bristles nume-

rous and close-set above the

suture of coxa i.; lower tibial

spur i. (in ¢) with a strong,

little arcuate spine on the

QUpET SIG avs tah. &. Suen longimana, sp. 0.

1. Grammostola spatulata (F. Cambridge).

Eurypelma spatulatum, F, Cambridge, 1897, Biol. Centr.-Amer. vol. ii.

p. 24, pt. 1. p. 19.

Citharoscelus kochtii, Pocock, 1899, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol. iii. p. 8348; Simon, 1902, Hamburg. Mag. alh. Sammelr, p. 5.

Citharoscelus spatulatus, Pocock, 1903, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol. xi. p. 98.

Grammostola spatulata, Simon, 1908, Hist. Nat. Ay. vol. ii. p. 935.

This species has been described by F. Cambridge as

occurring in Mexico; according to Simon the species does

not occur in Mexico, Chile being its right habitat.

2. Grammostola ferruginea *, sp. n.

‘$.—35 mm. ; ceph. 18 x 16 mm. ; legs 54—51-50-60 mm. ;

tibia + patella i. 19 mm., iv. 20 mm. ; protarsus iv. 15 mm.

Cephalothorax, mandibles, pedipalps, legs, and abdomen

brownish black ; the carapace with marginal light bristles.

Legs and abdomen with large brownish bristles. Sternum,

labium, and cox of legs rusty brown ; bristles of the coxee

of pedipalp and falces fiery red. Lower side of abdomen

chestnut, ;

Cephalothorax longer than wide, shorter than patella and

tibia 1. or iv., longer than protarsus iv. ; fovea deep, right

transverse. Ocular tubercle high, a third broader than long.

Kyes of anterior line slightly procurved, the anterior edge of

the medians being betore the centre of the laterals, the

medians smaller, separated from each other by a space which

* Rusty.

298 Dr. Mello-Leitio on the

equals their diameter ; posterior medians much smaller than

the anterior medians, closer to posterior laterals, which are

about as large as the anterior laterals and separated from

them by a space which is quite equal to the long diameter of

the latter.

Stridulating bristles numerous and close-set, forming a

subquadrate pad upon the distal third of the posterior side of

the coxa of the palp, and a cluster above and below the suture

at the distal end of coxa i.

Posterior sternal sigille submarginal. Protarsus i. strongly

arcuate, scopulated almost to base, with two apical and two

basal spines ; protarsal scopula ii. covering ? segment, with a

pair of long spines at its base ; of iii. covering 4, with many

basal spines; of iv. covering about 4, which is elsewhere

strongly spined. Tibiz of all the legs and of the palpus

spined. Spurs of tibia i. well developed, the upper stout,

straight, blunt, and bearing a rastellum of short black spines

at tip; the lower crescently cylindrical, curved, with a sharp

point.

- Hab. Parané. oll. Bicego. Type in the 8S. Paulo

Museum (no. 156).

3. Grammostola chalcothriz, Chamberlin.

Grammostola chalcothriz, Chamberlin, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Harvard Coll. vol. lxi, p. 40.

Hab. Republica Argentina.

4, Grammostola pulchra*, sp. n.

fd .—29 mm. ; ceph. 15x14 mm.; legs 50-48-46-55 mm. ;

patella + tibia 1.19 mm., iv. 19 mm.; protarsus iv. 15 mm.

? .—45 mm. ; ceph. 17 x 14 mm.; legs 46-42-39-50 mm. ; *

patella + tibia i. 15°5 mm., iv. 15°5 mm.; protarsus iv. 12 mm.

3 .—Cephalothorax, mandibles, pedipalps, legs, and abdo-

men brownish black, with long bristles of light greyish tips,

so that the spider seems black with abundant light points.

Sternum, labium, and coxz velvety blackish. Coxe of pedi-

palp and falces with fiery-red bristles.

Cephalothorax longer than wide, distinctly shorter than

patella and tibia i, or iv. and very slightly longer than pro-

tarsus iv.; fovea deep, right transverse.

Ocular tubercle low, distinctly wider than long. Eyes of

the anterior row strongly procurved, the anterior edge of the

medians being at centre of the laterals, the median being

* Fine.

Genus Grammostola, Simon. 299

much smaller than the laterals, about two diameters apart,

separated from the laterals about a diameter; posterior

medians much smaller than the anterior medians, but not

very widely separated from them, closer to posterior laterals,

which are smaller than the anterior laterals and separated

from them by a space which is about equal to the short

diameter of the latter.

Stridulating organ as in the preceding species. Legs

4,1, 2,3; patella+tibia i. equal to iv.

Protarsus i. strongly arcuate, scopulated almost to base,

with two apical and two basal spines ; protarsal scopula ii.

covering # segment, with two spines at its base; of ii.

covering 4, with many basal spines; of iv. covering about 3,

which is elsewhere strongly spined; tibize of all the legs

spined. Spurs of tibia i. well developed; the upper stout,

straight, cylindrical, blunt, without rastellum, and bearing a

long sinuous spine on its underside; the lower crescently

cylindrical, curved, with a sharp tip.

?.—Colour the same as in the male. Cephalothorax

noticeably longer than wide (17: 14), longer than patella and

tibia 1. oriv. Anterior median eyes more than two diameters

apart and a little less from the laterals; posterior medians

slightly smaller than the laterals.

Hab. Uruguayana (Rio Grande do Sul). Coll. E. Garbe.

Types in the 8. Paulo Museum (no. 122).

5. Grammostola pulchripes (Simon).

Eurypelma pulchripes, Simon, 1891, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, 1891,

. dll.

Grammostola pulchripes, Simon, 1892, Hist. Nat. Ar. vol. i. p. 163;

1908, vol. ii. p. 935.

Simon has described this species as occurring in Paraguay

and Argentina. In the Rio de Janeiro Museum there are

some specimens from the Brazilian state Parand.

6. Grammostola fasciata, sp. n.

2 .—44 mm.; ceph. 17x15 mm.; legs 48-45-42-53 mm. ;

patella + tibia 1. 18 mm., iv. 17 mm.; protarsus iv. 12°5 mm.

Carapace, falces, and legs pale brown; sternum and coxz

chocolate-brown. Legs with two pale longitudinal lines on

femur, patella, tibia, and basal third of protarsus. Abdomen

black, with large pale brown bristles; the underside of abdo-

men deep blackish brown.

Carapace noticeably longer than wide, shorter than patella

300 Dr. Mello-Leit3o on the

and tibia i., equal to patella and tibia iv. ; fovea deep, right

transverse.

Ocular tubercle moderately convex, nearly round, Hyes

small, those of anterior line slightly procurved, the anterior

edge of the medians being a little before the centre of the

laterals, nearly evenly spaced and very slightly unequal in

size, the medians separated from each other by a space which

exceeds their diameter and by about a diameter from the

laterals. Posterior medians about as large as the anterior

medians and nearly at the same distance from them and from

the posterior laterals, which are about as large as the anterior

laterals and separated from them scarcely 3 diameter.

Stridulating organ consisting of a large cluster of fine close-

set bristles clothing the distal third of the posterior surface

of the coxa of the palp, and of two smaller clusters of similar

close-set bristles at the distal end of the anterior surface of

coxa 1.—one just above, and the other, of slender and more

abundant bristles, just below the suture.

Protarsal scopula i. covering the segment almost to base ;

of ii. covering 2, with two spines at its base; of iii. covering

3, with 1-2-1 spines at its base; of iv. covering about },

which is elsewhere strongly spined; tibiz of all the legs and

of the palpus spined. .

Hab. Parané. Coll. Bicego. Type in the S. Paulo

Museum (no, 126).

7. Grammostola mollicoma (Ausserer).

Eurypelma mollicomum, Ausserer, 1875, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

vol, xxv. p. 198; Keyserling, 1877, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

Vol. Xxvil. p. 612, pl. xiv. fig. 28.

Citharoscelus mollicomus, Pocock, 1903, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol. xi. p. 98.

Grammostola mollicoma, Simon, 1905, Hist. Nat. Ar. vol. ii, p. 955

(nec Lurypelma mollicomum (Auss.), Simon, 1892); Strand, 1907,

Jahres. Vereins vaterl. Naturk. Wiirttemberg, vol. Ixiii. p, 35.

It is a very common species in the Brazilian state Rio

Grande do Sul and at Uruguay.

8. Grammostola gossei (Pocock).

Citharoscelus gossei, Pocock, 1900, Gosse’s ‘ Aconcagua Valley,’ p. 358,

fig. 2; Pocock, 1903, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xi. p. 98.

Grammostola gossei, Petrunkevitch, 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.

vol. xxix. p. 68.

Hab. Argentina: Aconcagua Valley, Lujan.

Genus Grammostola, Simon. 301

9. Grammostola argentinense, Strand.

Grammostola argentinense, Strand, 1907, Jahres. Vereins vaterl.

Naturk. Wiirttemberg, vol. lxiii. p. 29.

Hab. Argentina: San Carlos.

10. Grammostola grandicola, Strand.

Grammostola grandicola, Strand, 1908, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxxii. p. 770.

Hab. Paraguay, Argentina, and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil).

11. Grammostola brevimetatarsis, Strand.

Grammostola brevimetatarsis, Strand, 1907, Jahres. Vereins vaterl.

Naturk. Wiirttemberg, vol. lxiii. p. 54.

Grammostola theringi (Keys.), Strand, 1907; id. ibid. (nec Hurypelma

theringit, Keyserling, 1891).

Grammostola brevimetatarsis, Strand, 1912, Wiesbaden Jahrb. nassau,

Ver. Naturk. p. 175.

Hab. Rie Grande do Sal.

A nearly allied species to G. ihertngii (Keyserl.).

12. Grammostola alticeps (Pocock).

Citharoscelus alticeps, Pocock, 1903, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol. xi. p. 100.

Grammostola alticeps, Petrunkevitch, 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.

Hist. vol. xxix. p. 68.

It occurs at Uruguay (Pocock) and Rio Grande do Sul

(S. Paulo Museum collections).

13. Grammostola cala, Chamberlin.

Grammostola cala, Chamberlin, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, Harvard

Coll, vol. Lxi. p. 42.

Hab. Chile.

14. Grammostola acteon (Pocock).

Citharoscelus act@on, Pocock, 1903, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. ser. 7,

vol, xi. p. 99.

Grammostola acteon, Petrunkevitch, 1911, Bull. Amer, Mus, Nat.

Hist. vol. xxix. p. 67.

It is the most common species of large mygalomorphic

spiders, occurring at the Brazilian states Santa Catharina,

Parand, and Rio Grande do Sul. In the collections of the

Natural History Museums of 8. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro

there are numerous specimens.

302 Dr. Mello-Leitao on the

I give below the characters of the female, yet undescribed :—

2 .—65mm.; ceph.32 x 32 mm. ; patella+tibiai. 30 mm.,

iv. 30 mm. ; legs 90, 86, 84, 92 mm.

Colour and eyes the same asin male. COarapace as long

as wide, longer than patelle and tibia i. or iv. Patella and

tibia i, equal to iv. Fovea, protarsal scopule, and stridu-

lating organ as in male.

15. Grammostola gigantea, sp. n.

3 .—66 mm. ; ceph. 28 x 28 mm. ; legs 94, 87, 78, 94 mm.;

patella+ tibia i. 34 mm., iv. 32 mm.; protarsus iv. 23 mm.

The whole spider black ; the abdomen with large dull red-

wine bristles. Coxse of pedipalps and falees with red-wine

bristles. Legs with large blackish-violet bristles.

Carapace shorter than patella and tibia i. and iv., longer

than protarsus iv.; fovea deep, right transverse. Ocular

tubercle moderately convex. Anterior eyes equal and equally

spaced, about two diameters apart; anterior line slightly

procurved, the anterior edge of the medians being a little

before the centre of the laterals; posterior medians much

smaller than the anterior medians, but not very widely sepa-

rated from them, closer to posterior laterals, which are about

as large as the anterior laterals and separated froin them by a

space which is quite equal to the long diameter of the latter.

Stridulating organ consisting of very many simple, incras-

sate, but apically attenuate bristles, those on the coxa i. less

numerous above and more close-set just below the suture.

Legs 4-1, 2, 3. Patella and tibia i. longer than iv.

Protarsal scopula 1, covering 3 segment, with.two spines at

its base; of il. covering # segment with two spines at its

base; of iii. covering a little more than 4 segment; of iv.

covering about 4, which is elsewhere strongly spined ; tibiz

of all the legs spined. Protarsus i. distinctly but slightly

bowed at its proximal end ; spurs of tibia i. well developed,

the upper stout, straight, with sharp apical external angle,

aud bearing a long stout spine on its underside ; the lower

crescently cylindrical, curved, with a little tubercle on its

apex and a long spine on its upperside at its proximal end.

Hab. Santa Catharina. Coll. Witte. ‘l'ypein the S. Paulo,

Museum.

16. Grammostola theringw (Keyserling).

Eurypelma theringit, Keyserling, 1891, Spinnen America’s Brasil Sp.

p. 19, pl. i. fig. 4.

A gathostola theringui, Pocock, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xvi.

p. 228.

Genus Grammostola, Simon. 303

Citharoscelus theringii, Pocock, 1903, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol. xi. p. 99

Grammostola iheringii, Simon, 1904, Hist. Nat. Ar, vol. ii. p. 935.

Hab. Rio Grande do Sul.

In the collections of the 8. Paulo Museum there are some

males and females (no. 131), collected by Dr. Hermann von

Ihering at Rio Grande do Sul in 1890, and which are very

probably the cotypes of Keyserling.

17. Grammostola familiaris (Bertkau).

Homeomma familiaris, Bertkau, 1880, Verzeichnis der.... Brasil.

Ar. p. 37, pl. i. fig. 11.

Homeomma familiaris, Petrunkevitch, 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat.

Hist. p. 72.

It is a not uncommon species of Rio de Janeiro, but I have

seen only the female. It is the most septentrional species

from our fauna.

18. Grammostola roquettei *, sp. n.

g .—68 mm.; ceph. 28x28 mm.; legs 105, 92, 83,

96 mm.; patella+tibia i. 38 mm., iv. 31 mm. ; femur i.

28 mm.; protarsus iv. 24 mm.

Cephalothorax blackish, with a greyish clothing of short

hairs and with large marginal reddish bristles. Falces,

pedipalps, and legs brownish black, with large reddish-brown

bristles, close-set on the legs; tibie and patelle of all the legs

with two longitudinal pale lines on the underside. Tarsal

and protarsal scopule velvety rusty. Sternum blackish ;

coxe of legs dull rusty brown; the underside of the abdomen

rusty brown. Abdomen velvety black, with large reddish-

brown bristles. Coxe of pedipalps and falces with dull

orange-brown bristles.

Carapace as long as wide, its length considerably less than

patella and tibia iv. or i., slightly longer than protarsus iv.,

as long as femur i.; fovea deep, right transverse.

Stridulating organ as in Grammostola gigantea. Legs

1, 4, 2, 3, long and slender, i. noticeably longer than iv. ;

patella and tibia i. longer than iv.

Ocular tubercle moderately convex, nearly round. Eyes

of the anterior row strongly procurved, the anterior edge of

the medians being a little behind the centre of the laterals, a

little unequal in size, the medians being the smaller, about

* Dedicated to Prof. Roquette Pinto, from the National Museum.

304 On the Genus Grammostola, Simon.

two diameters apart, and separated from the laterals a little

more than a diameter ; posterior medians much smaller than

the anteriors, widely separated from them, closer to posterior

laterals, which are about as large as the anterior laterals and

separated from them by a space which is quite equal to the

long diameter of the latter.

Protarsal scopula of i. covering less than half the segment,

with a weak spine at its base ; of ii. as on 1., with 2-2 spines

at its bases; of iii. covering a little more than distal third,

with many stout spines at its base; of iv. covering about },

which is elsewhere strongly spined ; tibia of all the legs

spined ; tibiz of the pedipalps unarmed. Protarsus 1. very

slightly bowed at its proximal end; spurs of tibia 1. well

developed, the upper stout, straight, cylindrical, blunt ; the

lower crescently cylindrical, curved, with a stout blunt spine

on its apex and a long spine at base.

Hab. Rio Grande do Sul. Coll. Prof. Edgard Roquette

Pinto. Type in the National Museum.

19. Grammostola longimana, sp. n.

3 .—65 mm.; ceph. 26 x 26 mm.; legs 103, 88, 77, 91 mm. ;

femur i. 28°5 mm., iv. 24 mm.; patella+tibia i. 39 mm.,

iv. 29 mm. ; protarsus i. 24 mm.

Carapace black. Falces black, with mahogany-browna

bristles. Legs blackish, with ochraceous-reddish bristles aul

with two longitudinal pale lines on the upper side. Abdomen

wholly black, with erect, large, ochraceous bristles. Sternuin

and coxe reddish black. Coxee of pedipalps and inner margin

of fang-groove with pale red-wine bristles.

Carapace as long as wide, its length considerably less than

patella and tibia iv. or i., a little less than femur i., longer

than femur or protarsus iv. ; fovea deep, a little recurved.

Ocular tubercle very high, nearly round. Eyes of anterior

row strongly procurved, the anterior edge of the medians

heing a little behind the posterior edge of the laterals, nearly

evenly spaced and a little unequal in size, the medians being

the smaller and separated from. each other about two

diameters ; posterior medians much smaller than the anterior

medians, closer to posterior laterals, which are a little smaller

than the anterior laterals, and separated from them by a space

which is larger than the long diameter of the latter. Sternum

as wide as long, the posterior sigille separated from the

margin more than a diameter.

Stridulating organ as in the preceding species. Legs

1, 4, 2, 3, the anterior legs being considerably longer than iv. ;

On new or little-known Tipulide. 305

patella and tibia i. much longer than iv. ; femur iv, shorter

than i. Protarsal scopula of i. covering a little less than a

half the segment, with two long spines at its base ; of 11. as

on i.3; of iii. covering the distal third, with many basal

spines ; of iv. covering about }, which is elsewhere strongly

spined ; tibiee of all the legs and of the pedipalpus spined.

Hab. Herval (Parana).

Type in my own collection.

Rio, May 1920.

XXXVI—New or little-known TVipulidee (Diptera).—lV.

Ethiopian Species. By Cuarrtes P. Atexanper, Ph.D.,

Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

Tus paper is a continuation of the preceding parts under

this title. The material included is almost all from

Cameroun, collected by the Rev. J. A. Reis at Hfulan,

Batanga, and at Lonji near the Nlong River (erronecusly

written Ulou in Part II. of this series). The types are

preserved in the collection of the writer, except where stated

to the contrary.

Dicranomyia terebrina, sp. un.

General coloration brown, the mesonotum brownish-

yellow pollinose, but without distinct markings; anteune

brownish black; head light grey; femora light yellowish

brown ; wings pale brown, stigma indistinct; Sc, ends just

before the origin of Rs, Sc, not far from its tip ; cell 1sé A/,

closed ; ovipositor with the sternal valves bifid at their tips.

Female.—Length 6°4 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne brownish

black, the flagellar segments oval. Head light grey.

Mesonotum brown, heavily brownish-yellow pollinose,

without distinct stripes. Pleura dark brown, sparsely

pruinose. MHalteres rather long, light yellow, the knobs

brown. Legs with the cox concolorous with the pleura;

trochanters dull yellow; femora light yellowish brown ;

tibice and tarsidark brown. Wings very pale brown; stigma

very indistinct; indistinct brown seams along the cord

aud outer end of Ist M,; veins pale browm, C and Se

light yellow, the former more orange distally and ending

at R,,;. Venation: Se of moderate length, Sc, ending a

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 21

306 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

short distance beyond the origin of Rs, Sc, located a short

distance beyond the origin of Rs, removed from the tip of

Sc, to a distance about equal to 7m; Rs long, gently

arcuated, a little more than twice as long as the deflection

of R,,;; 7 close to the tip of R,; cell lst M, closed, longer

than vein M7; beyond it; m gently arcuated, a little longer

than r—m ; basal deflection of Cu, a short distance before

the fork of 44; Cu, much longer than the basal deflection

of Cu.

Abdomen with the basal tergites brown ; remainder of the

abdomen largely light fulvous brown. Ovipositor with the

tergal valves very small, slender, upcurved; sternal valves

broad, slightly expanded distally, the tips bifid.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 2, Batanga, Cameroun, October 138, 1919

(i> AL hers),

‘Caught flying about lamp at night.”

Dicranomyia shawi, sp. 0.

General coloration obscure yellow, the mesonotal pre-

scutum with a broad median stripe and inconspicuous lateral

stripes of brown; pleura with an indistinct brown longi-

tudinal stripe ; halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown ; legs

with the femora brown, tipped with yellow ; wings brownish

subhyaline ; stigma dark brown ; Sc long, cell 1st M, closed ;

Cu, longer than the deflection of Cu, ; abdomen dark brown,

the segments conspicuously ringed caudally with yellow.

Female.—Length about 7 mm.; wing 8°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown, the latter rather conspicuous,

slightly paler than the rostrum. Antennz with the scapal

segments dark brown; flagellum broken. Head yellowish

grey.

Pronotum conspicuous, obscure vellow, dark brown above.

Mesonotal prescutum obscure yellow with a broad, con-

spicuous, dark brown median stripe that ends before the

suture ; lateral preescutal stripes very narrow anteriorly,

rather indistinct, crossing the suture and covering most of

the seutal lobes; scutellum testaceous, darker caudally ;

postnotum testaceous. Pleura yellow, with a broad but ill-

defined longitudinal stripe that extends from the cervical

sclerites to the base of the abdomen, passing beneath the

base of the halteres. Mesosternum shiny brown. Halteres

light yellow,*the apices of the knobs dark brown. Legs

with the fore coxze shiny brown; middle and hind coxe

light yellow; trochanters yellow ; femora brown, the bases

new or little-known Tipulide., 307

indistinctly paler, the tips narrowly but abruptly pale

yellow ; remainder of the legs brown; claws small, simple

or nearly so. Wings brownish subhyaline, cell Sc more

yellowish ; stigma oval, dark brown; cord, outer end of cell

lst M;, and wing-apex indistinctly seamed with darker ;

veins dark brown. Venation ; Sc, long, ending before mid-

length of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc; ; Rs moderately elongated ;

gently arcuated, about twice the length of the deflection of

Ry.5; 7 at the tip of R,; cell lst JL, pentagonally rectan-

gular, shorter than vein J; beyond it; m about twice as

Jong as r-m; basal deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork

of M; Cu longer than the basal deflection of Cu,.

Abdominal segments dark brown, the segments conspicu-

ously ringed caudally with yellowish ; eighth tergite entirely

yellow. Ovipositor with the tergal valves very short, slender,

strongly upcurved to the acute tips; sternal valves long,

straight, compressed, the tips subacute.

Hab. South Africa.

Holotype, 2, Shafton Grange, Natal, April 28, 1919

(A. G. Shaw).

Type in the collection of the Natal Museum.

This interesting Dicranomyia is respectfully dedicated to

its collector, Mr. Alfred G. Shaw.

Dicranomyia flavopyga, sp. n.

General coloration obscure yellow; antenne black ; meso-

notal prescutum with three brown stripes; pleura with a

broad longitudinal stripe ; wings with a strong grey suffusion;

stigma brown ; indistinct brown seams along the cord and

outer end of cell lst M,; Se long, cell lst My closed; Cu,

and the basal deflection of Cu, subequal; abdomen dark

brown, the pleurites of the male hypopygium yellow;

some of the pleural appendages digitiform and highly

complicated.

Male—Length about 5:2 mm.; wing 6°8 mm.

Rostrum brownish yellow, about one-half as long as the

head; palpi black. Antenne black, the flagellar segments

oval. Head dull grey.

Pronotum dark brown, the scutellum light yellow. Meso-

nota] prescutum dull yellow, with three conspicuous brown

stripes ; scutum pale, more testaceous behind. Pleura

brownish yellow with a broad, conspicuous, longitudinal

stripe. Mesosternum brownish. Halteres pale brown, the

knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

pale yellowish testaceous; remainder of the legs broken.

21%

308 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Wings with a strong grey suffusion; stigma oval, brown ;

narrow and indistinct pale brown seams along the cord and

outer end of cell Ist M@,; veins brown. Venation: Sc long,

Sc, ending opposite from three-fourths to four-fifths the

length of the long arcuated Rs, Sc, about its own length

from the tip of Sc,; 7 at the tip of R,; basal deflection of

R,,5 about twice the length of rm ; cell 1st M, rectangularly

pentagonal, about as long as M, beyond it, the outer end

broader than the inner end ; ; m about equal to r-m; basal

deflection of Cu, just beyond the fork of M; Cu, and the

deflection of Cu, subequal or the latter a little longer.

Abdomen dark brown, the pleurites of the hypopygium

conspicuously light yellow ; appendages of hypopygium dark

brown. Hypopygium unusually complicated for a member’

of this genus; the longest pleural appendage is slender,

straight, on the outer face with a row of about thirteen

cylindrical, chitinized pegs that produce a serrate appearance;

these pegs are interspersed with long sete and slender seti-

gerous tubercles ; asecond appendage is long, clavate, witha

few long bristles, and with a conspicuous flattened lobe near

its base; a third appendage is densely covered with long

bristles that curve at the tips; besides these appendages

there are other smaller cushions and blades, producing a

structure that is very hard to describe.

Hab. South Africa.

Holotype, 3, Shafton Grange, Natal, April 28, 1919

(A. G. Shaw).

Type in the collection of the Natal Museum.

Dicranomyia cinnamonota, sp. n.

Antenne brownish black, the flagellar segments with

conspicuous pedicels to produce a moniliform appearance ;

head dark blue-grey ; mesonotal preescutum yellowish

cinnamon-coloured, the thoracic pleura light blue-grey

pruinose ; legs with the tibie and tarsi whitish ; wings

brownish grey, the stigma pale brown ; Sc long, cell lsd M,

open by the atrophy of m ; abdomen dark brown.

Female.—Length about 3 mm.; wing 4°2 mm.

Rostrum and basal segment of palpi dull yellow, remainder

of the palpi dark brown. Antennze brownish black, the

pedicel of each segment pale to produce an indistinctly

bicolorous effect; flagellar segments strongly pedicelled to

give a moniliform appearance to the organ. Head dark,

covered with a blue-grey bloom.

———E ee

new or little-known Tipulide. 309

Mesonotal ‘prescutum bright yellowish cinnamon-

coloured, darker laterally ; remainder of the mesonotum

dark brown. Pleura dark, with a broad longitudinal

stripe of blue-grey, produced by a heavy bloom that covers

most of the pleura. Halteres short, pale brown, the knobs

darker brown. Legs with the coxe obscure brownish yellow,

the bases darker; trochanters whitish ; femora testaceous,

the tibize and tarsi whitish ; only the terminal tarsal segment

is darkened ; claws small and apparently simple. Wings

with a brownish-grey suffusion, in the anal cells nearly

hyaline ; a large hyaline area in cells R;, Mz, and the base

of M;; stigma small, short-oval, pale brown ; veins brown.

Venation: Se long, Sc; ending at about two-thirds the

length of the sector, Sc, at the tip of Se,; Rs long, slightly

angulated at origin ; 7 at tip of /;, bisecting the stigma, the

tip of R, and x pale ; deflection of R,,;arcuated, about equal

to the basal deflection of Cu,; cell 1s¢ M, open by the

atrophy of m; Cu, plus M; about equal to the free tip of

Cu, alone ; Cu, shorter than the deflection of Cu.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites a very little paler.

Ovipositor with the valves yellowish horn-colour, very short

and straight.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, ° , Efulan, Cameroun, May 6, 1920 (J. A. Reis).

*« Resting on a tree-trunk, near a stream,”

Dicranomyia venustipennis, sp. n.

Antenne black, the flagellar segments with long, unilater-

ally arranged, verticils ; general coloration of mesonotum

dark brown; pleura obscure yellow, the mesepisternum

dark brown; halteres black ; wings hyaline, greyish in the

posterior and anal cells, beautifully variegated with yellow

and brown; radial and medial veins near the wing-tip

conspicuously seamed with dark brown; a conspicuous

yellowish longitudinal stripe in cells R and Ist R, ; Rs very

long, angulated and spurred at origin ; abdomen brown, the

intermediate segments banded posteriorly with yellowish.

Male.—Length 6°8 mm. ; wing 6°5-6°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with 14 seg-

ments, black ; second scapal segment nearly globular; basal

flagellar segments subglobular, thence gradually passing

from short-cylindrical to elongate-oval, the terminal segment

very elongate-fusiform, about as long as the penuliimate

and antepenultimate taken together ; each flagellar segment

is provided with several short bristles and one very long

310 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

verticil, these latter arranged unilaterally. Head dark

brown, the front and anterior part of the vertex silvery

white.

Mesonotal prescutum dark brown with a reddish cast,

without markings; remainder of the mesonotum more

brownish testaceous; postnotum brown, passing into dull

yellow behind. Pleura obscure yellow, the mesosternum

and mesepisternum with a narrow, transverse, shiny, dark

brown band extending from the wing-reot to above the

middle coxe; lateral sclerites of the postnotum brown.

Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

obscure yellow; femora pale brownish testaceous, soon

passing into darker brown ; tips of the femora more or less

distinctly pale; tibize dark brown, at about the apical third

fading into yellowish brown; tarsi yellowish brown, the

distal segments dark brown ; claws Jong and slender, each

with a single, long, erect, basal spine. Wings with the

_ anterior half nearly hyaline, the posterior half distinctly

suffused with grey; a conspicuous yellowish longitudinal

stripe in cells & and lst R,, sometimes interrupted by a

quadrate pale brown blotch at the origin of Rs; this yellow

stripe extends to just beyond the fork of Rs; medium

brown markings arranged as follows: at the wing-base ;

at the origin of As, extending from costa to media but

paler in Sc; a spot in cells C and Se shortly before their

outer ends ; a broad brown seam along the cord, extending

from costa to the posterior margin, in cell & continued

basad along Rs to proximad of the middle of its length ;

small brown clouds at the ends of the anal veins and in the

anal angle. ‘i he following veins are broadly and conspicu-

ously seamed with dark brown, the hyaline ground-colour

being restricted to the centres of the cells: tip of R, beyond

r; r itself; Ry,,3 from slightly before r to the margin; the

distal two-thirds to three-fourths of Ry,5; Mdy,., M3, and m,

this colour on J/,,, ending on a level with the proximal ends

of the seams on the radial veins. Venation: Se long, Sc,

ending just before the fork of Rs, Sc, at the extreme tip of

Sc,; Rs unusually long, strongly angulated and spurred at

origin ; 7 more than its own length from the tip of R, ;

defechon of #y,; short, about one-half longer than r; r-m

short, about one-half to one-third m; cell lst M, rectangular,

longer than the veins issuing from it; basal deflection of

Cu, angularly bent at mid-length, Cu, very short, not more

than one-half the basal deflection of Cu,;. Costa thickened

and conspicuously fringed with long, black, erect hairs.

Abdomen with segment one pale yellowish ; ; segments two

new or little-known Tipulide, 311

to six dark brown, with about the caudal two-fifths con-

spicuously yellowish ; remainder of the abdomen mostly

dark brown. Male hypopygium of the Dicranomyia type ;

ventral pleural appendage moderately fleshy ; dorsal

appendage appearing as a chitinized curved hook that is

rather flattened and with the margins indistinctly serrulate.

Penis-guard compressed, the head enlarged, with a con-

spicuous blackened point that is directed ventrad,

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3, Efulan, Cameroun, May 7, 1920(J. A. Reis).

Paratopotype, 1 3.

Dicranomyia venustipennis is a strikingly beautiful fly that

may well be considered as representing a distinct group of

species or even a subgenus. ‘The structure of the anteune,

especially the arrangement of the verticils and the shape

of the ultimate segment, and the venation, especially the

exceedingly elongate sector and the very short Cw, all

indicate an isolated fly, whose nearest relatives as known are

presumably species such as D. recurvans, Alex., D. recedens,

Alex., and other members of this group.

Rhipidia pallidipes, sp. n.

Generally similar to R. miosema (Speiser); general

coloration brownish yellow, the mesonotal prescutum with

three darker stripes that are confluent on the anterior half

of the sclerite; pleura light brown with two narrow, dark

brown, longitudinal stripes that are of about equal width ;

legs with the femora and tibize usually light yellow ; wings

yellowish subhyaline, with small brown spots along the costa

and conspicuous, small, grey clouds in all the cells ; ; Sclong,

Sc, ending near mid- length of Rs.

Male.—Length about 5 mm, ; wing 6 mm.

Female. Length 6°2 mm.; wing 6 5-6°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi ildaks Antenne black, at about the

seventh flagellar segment passing into brownish yellow, the

three or four segments before the very long apical segment

pale cream-colour ; first flagellar segment reddish yellow ;

flagellar segments slightly produced on the inner face, each

with a short, but conspicuous, basal pedicel. Head dark

grey.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal preescutum brownish

yellow, with three irregular darker stripes; the median

stripe 1s broad posteriorly, c constricted into a narrow line at

about mid-length, the anterior half sub-confluent with the

strongly inflected lateral stripes ; scutum similar, the centres

312 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

of the lobes dark ; scutellum and postnotum reddish brown,

sparsely pruinose. Pleura light brown, sparsely pruinose,

with two very narrow, brown, longitudinal stripes, the more

ventral extending across the bases of the coxe. Halteres

yellow, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxe

yellow, the bases darkened by the ventral pleural stripe ;

trochanters dull yellow; remainder of the legs yellow, only

the distal tarsal segments darker; tarsal claws rather long

and slender with one small acute tooth near mid-length.

Wings pale yellowish subhyaline, with a heavy brown and

grey clouding; five small dark brown spots along the

anterior margin, the first at the base of ceil AR, the third at

the origin of /’s, the fourth at the tip of Sc,, the last (stigmal)

at 7, these spots smaller than the interspaces ; cord and

outer end of cell lst M, seamed with brownish grey ; pale

grey spots and clouds in all the cells, the areas being about

as extensive as the pale spaces between; veins yellowish

brown, C and Se more yellowish. Venation: Se, ending

just before mid-length of As, Se. not far from its tip; Rs

gently arcuated, a little more than twice the deflection of

R445; rat the tip of R,; cell lst M, longer thanM,; beyond

it; ma little more than one-half the outer deflection of Ms ;

basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of M, the distance

about equal to r—m.

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium obscure yellow;

sternites brownish yellow.

Hab. Tropical Africa.

Holotype, S, Obuasi, Ashanti, April 17, 1906, in house

(W. M. Graham). B.M. no. 1907. 74.

Allotopotype, ? , Oshogbo, Southern Nigeria (Dr. T. F. G.

Mayer). Presented by the Ent. Research Comm. 1911. 422.

Paratypes, 3, Aburi, Gold Coast, January 10, 1911

(L. Armstrong); 3, Accra, Gold Coast, April 23, 1911,

in latrine (Dr. A. Connal): presented by the Ent. Research

Comm. 1911. 422. @, Bibiani, Gold Coast, October 1910

(Dr. H. F. G. Spurrell) ; @, San Salvador, Portuguese

Congo, August-October 1908 (Dr. M. Gamble): B.M.

no. 1908. 266. ¢, Scottburgh, Natal, January.

Type im the collection of the British Muscum (Natural

History).

R. pallidipes is obviously related to R. afra, Bergroth,

R. miosema (Speiser), R. spadicithorax (Edwards), and other

species of this group of Dicranomyia-like species of Rhipidia.

Some of the specimens of the series have the legs consider-

ably darker than the type.

new or little-known Tipulide. 313

Rhamphidia subobsoleta, sp. 0.

Rostrum long and slender, about as long as the thorax

alone; general coloration dark brown; wings with a

brownish-grey tinge, the stigma elongate, narrow, brown ;

wing-tip narrowly darkened; vein /t,,, almost straight.

Male.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 6 mm, ; wing

4°7 mm.; rostrum alone 1°25 mm.

Female.—Length (excluding rostrum) about 6 mm, ; wing

4°9 mm. ; rostrum alone 1°3 mm.

Rostrum long and slender, nearly as long as the thorax

alone or more than three times the length of the head,

black, the palpi brownish black. Antenne dark brown,

verticils rather short. Head dark brownish black.

Mesonotum brown, the pleura obscure brownish yellow.

Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the

coxe and trochanters brownish testaceous; remainder of

the legs brown, the tarsi gradually fading into pale

brownish yellow. Wings with a distinct brownish-grey

tinge, cells C and Sc more saturated ; wing-margin in cells

R, and R&R, narrowly but distinctly darkened ; stigma

elongate, narrow, brown, not approaching vein R,,3 5; veins

dark brown. Rs with macrotrichie for its entire length ;

M and Cu with only one or two macrotrichiz before their

forks. Venation: Sc long, ending some distance beyond

the fork of Rs, Sc. at the extreme tip of Sc,; Rs relatively

short, gently arcuated; R,,3; but slightly sinuous, with

macrotrichiz for its entire length, with the exception of a

short space at the apex and origin ;_ basal deflection of Ry,5

but little longer than r—m ; cell 1s¢ M, very small, the basal

deflection of Cu, at about the middle of its length, the veins

issuing from it long and slender.

Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium. Ovi-

positor with the valves long and slender, dark brownish black,

the tips narrowly horn-colour.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3, Batanga, Kribi, Cameroun, April 26, 1920

(J. A. Reis).

Allotopotype, ? .

Paratypes, 8 8, Akok, Cameroun, August 14, 1920

(J. A. Reis).

Rhamphidia subobsoleta is closely allied to L. obsoleta,

Alex. (Sievra Leone), from which it differs in the smaller size,

the proportionately shorter rostrum, the darker wings with

the stigma smaller and better defined, the darkened wing-tip,

the smaller cell 1s¢ J/, and other details of coloration and

venation.

314 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Rhamphidia submorosa, sp. n.

Rostrum a little longer than the head; antennz dark

brown ; general coloration dark brown; legs dark brown,

the terminal tarsal segments but little paler; wings greyish

subhyaline, stigma oval, clear-cut, dark brown; wing-tip

narrowly darkened ; Sc, atrophied; &,,3; rather short, gently

sigmoid in its course ; cell lst M, long and narrow.

Female.—-Length (excluding rostrum) about 85 mm.;

wing 7°6 mm.; rostrum alone, about 0°9-1 mm.

Rostrum relatively short, only a little longer than the

head, dark brown, the base and ventral surface paler; palpi

dark brown. Antenne dark brown. Head brownish grey ;

vertex between the eyes considerably narrowed.

Mesonotal praescutum brown, darker medially ; remainder

of the mesonotum dark brown. Pleura brownish testaceous.

Halteres brown, the base of the stem obscure yellow. Legs

with the coxe, trochanters, and bases of the femora brownish

testaceous ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the terminal

tarsal segments and the claws very slightly paler. Wings

greyish subhyaline ; cells Cand Sc a little more saturated ;

stigma conspicuous, oval, clear-cut, dark brown ; wing-tip in

cell R; narrowly but conspicuously darkened ; veins dark

brown. Venation: Se, atrophied or barely indicated near

the tip of Sez, the latter ending nearly opposite the fork of

Rs; R,,3 shorter than in KR. flavitarsis, gently sigmoid in its

course; cell lst M, long and narrow, the second section

being much longer than the basal section ; basal deflection

of Cu, just beyond the fork of MM.

Abdominal tergites dark brown; basal sternites obscure

yellow, the distal. segmeuts passing into brown. Ovipositor

with the valves horn-coloured, very long and slender, especi-

ally the tergal valves.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, ¢, Efulan, Cameroun, May 6, 1920 (J. A.

Reis).

“ At table, flying around lamp.”

Rhamphidia submorosa is allied to Ff. flavitarsis, Alex.

(Cameroun), from which it differs in its smaller size, the

different wing-pattern and venation, and the darkened tarsal

segments.

Rhamphidia paupercula, sp. un.

General coloration pale brownish yellow ; rostrum a little

longer than the head ; wings subhyaline, the costal regiou

new or little-known Tipulidee. 315

slightly more yellowish ; abdominal tergites with the caudal

margins infuscated.

Male.—Length 5°5 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Female.—WLength 7-7'1 mm.; wing about 6-4 mm.

Rostrum comparatively long and slender, a little longer

than the head alone, pale testaceous ; palpi dark brown.

Antenne dark brown. Head brown.

Mesonotum brownish yellow, without distinct markings.

Pleura yellow. Halteres brown, the base of the stem

yellowish. Legs with the coxe and trochanters yellowish

testaceous ; remainder of the legs pale brownish testaceous.

Wings subhyaline, cells C and Se slightly more yellowish ;

stigma small, very pale brown ; veins pale brown. Venation:

Sc long, Sc, ending a short distance before the fork of Js,

Se, at the tip of Sc, and about twice its length; Rs rather

long, evenly arcuated; ,,3 gently sinuous ; cell 3 at the

margin very wide, cell R, a little wider than cell 2nd M, but

narrower than M/Z, ; deflection of R,,; a little more than one-

half r—-m ; cell lst JZ, pentagonal ; deflection (first section)

of M,,. long, about equal to or slightly shorter than the

second section of 1/,,.; veins beyond cell 1st A/, long and

slender; m and outer deflection of MM; subequal ; basal

deflection of Cu, a little before the fork of M.

Abdomen obscure yellow, the caudal margins of the

‘tergites infuscated medially.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3, Batanga, Cameroun, March 23, 1920 (VJ. A.

Reis).

Allotype, 9, Efulan, Cameroun, May 7, 1920 (J. A. Reis).

The female is entirely similar to the male, but is slightly

larger, even lighter-coloured, and with the basal deflection

of Cu, closer to the fork of JZ. 3

Orimargula longicornis, sp. n.

Antenne of the male elongate, if bent backward extending

to beyond mid-length of the abdomen ; head dark grey ;

mesonotal prescutum light reddish brown without darker

markings ; wings greyish subhyaline, stigma lacking ;

abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium more yellowish.

Male.—Length 4 mm. ; wing 4°2 mm.

Rostrum brown, the mouth-parts more yellowish, slightly

elongated ; palpi dark brown. Antenne very long for a

member of this genus, if bent backward extending to about

opposite the fifth abdominal segment ; scape obscure brownish

yellow, flagellar segments dark brown, the segments clothed

316 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

with an elongate, dense,*erect, white pubescence, Head

dark grey.

Mesonotal prescutum light reddish brown without darker

markings ; remainder of the mesonotum brownish yellow.

Pleura brown, the dorsal pleurites a little more reddish.

Halteres pale, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters pale brown; remainder of the legs light brown.

Wings faintly greyish subhyaline; stigma lacking; veins

dark brown. Venation: r on R,y,3 about its own length

beyond the fork of Rs; As straight or even weakly convex,

without macrotrichiz ; R,,3; rather weak just beyond 7, but

becoming stronger distally and here provided with about a

score of macrotrichie ; deflection of R,,; long, straight, in

alignment with the outer section of Ry,; ; r—m at right angles

to 4,5, in alignment with the subequal basal deflection of

M,,5; petiole of cell M, very short, about equal to ora

little longer than r and about two-thirds the basal deflection

of M,,5; basal deflection of Cu, about in alignment with

the fork of Rs.

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium more yellowish.

Male hypopygium with the pleurites moderately slender ;

two slender pleural appendages, one tipped with a few long

yellowish bristles. .

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3, Lonji, about 50 miles north of Kribi, near

the Nlong River, Cameroun, April 19, 1920 (J. A. Reis).

“Taken at a lamp in the evening.”

Gonomyia (Leiponeura) pulchripes, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown; basal segments of

antenne, head, pronotum, and a narrow stripe on the

thoracic pleura light yellow; halteres yellow, the base of

the knobs brown; legs yellow, the femora with a broad

dark brown subterminal ring; wings brownish grey, a sub-

hyaline area before and beyond the stigma and at the

wing-tip; Sc short, Sc. at the tip of Sce,; male hypo-

pygium with three pleural appendages.

Male.—Length about 3:2 mm. ; wing 3°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the

enlarged scapal segments light sulphur-yellow, the basal

flagellar segments pale yellow, soon passing into dark

brown ; flagellar segments provided with long, conspicuous

verticils. Head light yellow, badly folded in the unique

type, the centre of the vertex apparently marked with dark

brown.

Pronotum light sulphur-yellow, this coloration continued

new or little-known Tipulide. alt

caudad as a narrow line along the margin of the meso-

notum to the wing-root. Mesonotal prescutum and scutum

dark brown; scutellum similar, broadly margined poste-

riorly with hight yellow; postnotum dark brown. Pleura

dark brown, sparsely pruinose, with a narrow whitish-yellow

longitudinal stripe extending from the fore coxve to above

the base of the hind coxe. MHalteres light yellow, the

base of the knobs brown. Legs with the bases of the

coxe dark brown, this including all of the fore coxe, the

basal half of the mid-coxee, and about the basal quarter

of the posterior coxe; trochanters dull yellow; femora

dull yellow with a broad, conspicuous, dark brown ring

before the tips, this broadest on the hind legs, where it

is considerably longer than the pale tips, the apices and a

narrow annulus before this ring clearer yellow than the

remainder of the femora ; tibiz and tarsi brownish yellow,

the apical tarsal segments brownish. Wings with a strong

brownish-grey tinge, cells C, Sc, and most of Sc, and R,

nearly hyaline, in the latter cell appearing as couspicuous

areas before and beyond the stigma; a brownish seam

extending from the concolorous stigma along the cord to

the fork of M; a dark cloud at the end of R,,3; wing-

tip in cells £3, R;, and 2nd M, nearly hyaline, this colour

including the costa at this point; veins dark brown.

Venation: Se short, ending opposite the origin of fs, Sc,

at the extreme tip of Sc,, and exactly opposite the origin

of Rs; Rs moderately long, arcuated, slightly angulated

at base; cell lst M, closed, the proximal end _ slightly

narrowed ; basal deflection of Cu, immediately beyond the

fork of 1 ; costa fringed with conspicuous erect hairs.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the

pleurites moderately stout, with three pleural appendages, the

longest of these chitinized, slender, the apex obliquely trun-

cated and slightly dilated, provided with a comb of short

teeth ; the second appendage is a little shorter, produced into

a short pointed beak, at the base of the beak with a short

powerful spine surrounded by numerous reddish bristles ;

the third appendage is the shortest, pale yellow, elongate-

oval, at the tip produced into a powerful bristle, before

the tip with several smaller sete. The gonapophyses are

dark-coloured, fleshy, produced Jaterad into a small acute

point. What seems to be the ninth tergite is bifid and

heavily armed with powerful spines and heavy black bristles,

these shorter at the apices of the lobes.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3 , Efulan, Cameroun, May 7, 1920 (J. A. Reis).

318 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

XIPHOLIMNOBIA, gen. nov.

Antenne with 16 segments, those of the flagellum elongate-

oval with moderately long verticils. Tibiz without spurs ;

claws small, simple. Wings with numerous macrotrichie

on the distal two-thirds of the veins, lacking on the veins

proximad of the basal third of the sector, except a series of

about 11 that occupy the distal two-thirds of vein 2nd A ;

Sc. at the tip of Sc,;; tip of vein R, entirely atrophied; cell

M, lacking ; basal deflection of Cu, at about three-fourths

the length of cell Ist J;. Ovipositor with the valves

exceedingly long and slender, nearly as long as the entire

remainder of the abdomen.

Genotype.—Xipholimnobia terebrina, sp. n. (Western

Ethiopian Region).

The new genus Xipholimnobia is based on a single small

species, in which the valves of the ovipositor are of a length

that is unequalled, proportionate to the size of the fly, in

any other known crane-fly. This condition of the terebra

probably indicates a highly specialized habit of oviposition,

but this is at present unknown. ‘The position of Sc, at the

tip of Sc, is an uncommon character in the tribe Hriopterini.

Xipholimnobia terebrina, sp. n.

General coloration brown ; wings light brown, Sc. at the

tip of Sc,; tip of 2, beyond r atrophied ; basal deflection of

Cu, at about three-fourths the length of cell lst M,; valves

of the ovipositor very long and slender, nearly as long as the

remainder of the abdomen taken together.

Female.—Length 3°6 mm.; wing 3°6 mm.; ovipositor

alone ]*4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne long for this

sex, if bent backward extending beyond the wing-root, dark

brown, the first scapal segment paler; flagellum with the

segments elongate-oval, the terminal segments elongate-

cylindrical; flagellar segments provided with long con-

spicuous verticils that are much longer than the segments

that bear them. Head brownish grey.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum shiny

testaceous brown. Pleura yellowish testaceous. Halteres

pale brown, the knobs slightly darker. Legs with the coxe

and trochanters pale testaceous ; remainder of the legs light

brown. Wings with an almost uniform light brown suffusion ;

stigma lacking; veins pale brown; macrotrichie confined to

the veins beyoud the level of the origin of Rs excepting a

new or littlesknown Tipulide. 319

series on vein 2nd A. Venation: Sc, at the tip of Sc,, the

latter ending at from three-fourths to four-fifths the length

of the long sector; Rs long, gently arcuated, with about 16

macrotrichie; R,,3; in alignment with Rs, longer than cell

lst M,; R, at origin bent at almost a right angle to R2,3,

the basal deflection destitute of macrotrichiz ; 7 inserted at

the bend of R,; inner ends of cells R,, R;, and lst M, about

in alignment; cell ls¢ J narrowed at its proximal end ;

basal deflection of Cu, at about three-fourths the length of

cell lst Mg.

Abdomen brown, sparsely hairy. Ovipositor yellowish

horn-colour, the valves exceedingly long and slender, but

little shorter than the entire remainder of the abdomen ;

tergal valves almost straight, the margins smooth or nearly

so, the extreme tips a little upcurved ; sternal valves long

and straight, the tips pointed.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 2 , Efulan, Cameroun, May 7, 1920 (J. A. Reis).

Trentepohlia (Mongoma) nivetipes, sp. n.

General coloration brown; legs dark brown, the knees, at

least in the posterior legs, only narrowly and indistinctly

pale ; tarsi and apical third of the tibie white; wings

greyish brown, the tip narrowly darkened.

Male.—Length about 8°8 mm.; wing 6°5 mm.

Female.—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 67 mm.

Rostrum and palpi light yellow, both the labial and

maxillary palpi dark brown. Antennz rather elongate,

dark brown. Head dark brown, the vertex narrowed

between the eyes.

Mesonotum brown, the pleura more yellowish brown.

Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

testaceous yellow ; femora dark brownish black, the tips

narrowly and indistinctly paler; most of the legs were

detached in the envelopes, but there is evidently a difference

in the amount of pale coloration at the knees in the different

legs, the posterior legs probably having the white most

reduced and almost obliterated ; tibize brownish black, the

base very narrowly and indistinctly pale, not clear-cut as in

the other members of the fragillima group; tibial apex abruptly

and broadly white, this including the distal third or less ;

tarsi white, the terminal segments a little darkened. The

armature of the femora and tibie that is found in the

related species is here little in evidence ; the legs are clothed

with the usual abundant appressed hairs and at comparatively

320 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

long intervals on all the segments are shorter, erect, very

delicate hairs. Wings with a distinct greyish-brown tinge,

the wing-tip narrowly darkened ; cells C and Sc darker than

the ground-colour ; stigma small, dark brown ; cord narrowly

seamed with brown ; veins dark brown. Venation: as in

T. (M.) albilata, but Sc, considerably shorter ; basal deflec-

tion of Ry; usually shorter. About three long bristles on

the posterior side of the wing-petiole.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, paler laterally ; sternites

obscure yellowish brown.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, &, Lonji, about 50 miles north of Kribi, near

the Nlong River, Cameroun, April 16, 1920 (J. A. Reis).

Allotopotype, 2, April 19, 1920.

“In swamp, hovering about base of sapling.”

Trentepohlia niveipes is closely related to T. albilata, Alex.

(Cameroun), from which it differs in its smaller size and the

coloration of the legs.

Lecteria reisi, sp. n.

Head brownish orange; mesonotum dull reddish orange;

femora brownish yellow; tibiz yellowish brown, the tips

very narrowly dark brown; metatarsi whitish; wings

yellowish, with four small brown spots in the radial field ;

Rs short ; abdomen yellowish orange, tergites two to seven

with a narrow black basal ring.

Male.—Length 15-17°5 mm. ; wing 13°5-15°4 mm.

Rostrum short, reddish brown; palpi dark brown.

Antennze with the basal scapal segments yellowish brown,

the basal flagellar segments brownish yellow, soon passing

into dark brown ; flagellar verticils very long. Head dull

brownish orange.

Mesonotum dull reddish orange, the postnotum more

testaceous. Pleura yellowish testaceous. MHalteres small,

brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters obscure yellow; femora brownish yellow, the

extreme tips very narrowly dark brown, on the outer face

only ; tibize yellowish brown, the tips narrowly dark brown ;

metatarsi whitish, the extreme base indistinctly infuscated,

the tip narrowly dark brown ; tarsal segments two and three

brown, narrowly tipped with dark brown; remaining tarsal

segments and the claws black ; the hairy clothing of the legs

moderately long, semi-erect; metatarsi at base with two

powerful black spines, with sometimes a smaller additional

one nearer the base. Wings with a yellowish tinge, clearer

new or little-known Tipulide. 321

in the subcostal cell ; four comparatively small brown spots

arranged as follows: At origin and fork of Rs; at r; at

tip of R,; narrow pale brown seams along the cord, outer

end of cell lst M,, and the fork of M,,.; wing-tip in cell

R, narrowly but distinctly darkened; veins dark brown.

Venation: Sc, removed to some distance from the tip of

Se,, lying about opposite mid-length of R,,;; Rs short,

angulated and slightly spurred at origin, about. equal to

or a little shorter than R,,3; cell lst J/, varying in shape

from subrectangular to irregularly hexagonal ; m short,

equal to or a little longer than 7; petiole of cell M,

about as long as this cell; basal deflection of Cu, about

equal to Cuz, situated at about two-fifths the length of the

lower face of cell 1st My.

Abdomen yellowish orange, tergites two to seven with a

narrow basal black ring or triangular-shaped area that

occupies about the basal quarter or fifth of the segment,

smallest on segment seven; hypopygium brownish orange.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3, Lonji, about 50 miles north of Kribi, near

the Nlong River, Cameroun, April 16, 1920 (J. A. Reis).

Paratopotypes, 2 3’s, April 16-19, 1920. .

“Taken in a thick swamp, hovering around the base of

saplings.”

Lecteria reisi is most nearly related to L. metatarsalba,

Alex. (French Congo), from which it differs as follows: Head

much brighter-coloured ; femora uniformly brownish yellow

without a conspicuous paler subterminal ring; tibiz pale ;

metatarsi scarcely darkened at base; wing-pattern much

more restricted, the four principal spots, much smaller, and

the seams along the cord much narrower and very faint ;

abdomen clear yellowish orange with only the bases of the

intermediate tergites narrowly darkened.

It is with great pleasure that this handsome crane-fly

is dedicated to my friend, the Reverend Jacob A. Reis,

as an appreciation of his earnest and successful efforts in

collecting these flies in the Cameroun.

Eriocera helophila, sp. nu.

Antenne short; scapal segments yellow, flagellum dark

brown; head orange, brightest on the vertical tubercle ;

mesonotum shiny brownish yellow ; legs black, the femoral

bases yellow ; wings broad, light greyish brown, cell Sec

yellowish; brown seams at the origin of Rs and along the

cord ; cell JZ, lacking.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 22

322 Mr. G. ©. Champion on various African

Male.—Length 13°8 mm.; wing 12°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi very small, brown. Antenne short,

scape light yellow, flagellum dark brown, clothed with

moderately long hairs. Head brownish orange, on the

vertical tubercle becoming clearer orange; the tubercle

only moderately prominent, the anterior end shallowly

notched.

Mesonotum shiny brownish yellow, the lateral margin

of the prescuttim darker brown. Pleura yellowish brown.

Halteres brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe

and trochanters shiny yellowish brown ; femora black, the

bases conspicuously yellowish, this somewhat broadest on

the posterior legs ; tibize black, the extreme bases narrowly

and very indistinctly obscure yellow ; tarsi black. Wings

broad, strongly saturated with light greyish brown ; cell Sc

and a broad line behind vein Cu light yellow; stigma sub-

circular, greyish brown; conspicuous darker brown spots,

arranged as follows: at arculus; at origin of Rs; at Sc;

at ends of veins A, and &,; along the cord and outer end

of cell lst M,; veins obscure yellow, darker in the infuscated

areas ; each vein is very narrowly seamed with yellow;

macrotrichiz confined to the distal ends of the subcostal and

radial veins, except & which bears them for its entire length.

Venation: Sc, a short distance from the tip of Sc,; Rs

angulated and spurred at origin; A,,,a little longer than

the basal deflection of Cu,; cell WM, lacking ; Cu. and the

deflection of Cu, subequal, the latter about one-half its

length beyond the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, the sternites brighter.

Hypopygium small.

Hab. West Africa.

Holotype, 3, Efulan, Cameroun, May 6, 1920 (J. A.

Reis).

“ Found on a swamp plant.”

XXXVII.—Notes on various African and Asiatic Species

of Laius, Guérin, with an Account of their accessory

3 -characters { Coleoptera}. By G. C. Cuampion, F.Z.8.

[Plate VIII.]

Tuais paper is in continuation of one of the allied genus

Hapalochrus published in the last volume of this Magazine,

and it contains an account of all the species of Laius

represented in the British Museum, in the Hope collection

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 323

at Oxford, and in the collection of Mr. H. E. Andrewes.

Certain African forms referred to the last-named genus by

various authors were noticed in my previous communication,

and placed under a new generie name, Heterolaius, op. cit.,

p.- 179. Of the 80 species here enumerated, three only are

African, the others Asiatic. No Laius, as restricted by me,

has been seen from Central, West, or 8. Africa, the recorded

forms from the Congo and other tropical regions probably

all belonging to Heterolaius. These insects have the anterior

tarsi 5-joited and simple in the two sexes. The antenne

(which are treated as 10-jointed) of the males are formed very

much as in the American genus Collops*, the second joint

being usually enormously dilated, often concave and ear-like,

and in some species bearing a long slender appendage. A

large number of Australian Laius have been described by Lea

aid other writers, but very few of them seem to be repre-

sented in the British Museum. The type (2? ), L. cyaneus,

Guér. (Aeterocerus, Boisd.), is unknown to me. A drawing

of a portion of the ¢ antenna of all the species represented

by that sex in the material before me is appended: four

of these antennze have been figured by various writers, but

they are included here for comparison.

LAIvs.

Laius, Guérin, Voyage ‘ Coquille,’ Zool. ii. p. 78 (1830) (2); Erichson,

Entomographien, p. 62 (1840) (¢ 9); Abeille de Perrin, Ann. Soc.

Ent. Fr. 1891, p. 208 (¢ 2) [type L. cyaneus, Guér., New Guinea] ;

nec Motsch., 1859.

Megadeuterus, Westwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xvi. p. 678

(1838) (9) [type Paussus flavicornis, F., Java.

Intybia, Pascoe, Journ. Ent. ii. p. 448 (1866) (Q) [type J. guttata,

Pasc., Batchian].

Amanicollops, Pic, L’Echange, xxiv. p. 25 (1908) (3) [type A. obseurus,

Pic, Amani, E, Africa].

Key to the Species of Laius.

A. Anterior tibie of ¢ thickened basally ; upper surface

metallic; body and legs black. [Latus, Guér.].. Species 1-3.

B. Anterior tibiz of ¢ simple.

a. Head of ¢ not dentate.

a, Elytra metallic; upper surface shining.

a’, Head and legs black, prothorax testaceous.. Species 4.

6°. Head and prothorax (except on disc) testa-

Pacem nies DIREIG) ool) g's W siele . qWildeadels cs Species 5.

ce’, Head, prothorax, and legs (in part or wholly)

testaceous ...... ami Saas oP) alg sercave Nai axe Species 6.

* Cf. Champion, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 1914, pl. ii.

22*

324 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

b'. Elytra black or metallic, conjointly unifasciate ;

upper surface shining.

e. Legs black’ <.. So. tense thas 7 eo eee .. Species 7, 8.

e*, Legs partly or wholly testaceous .......... Species 9-13.

c’, Elytra interruptedly unifasciate; upper surface

black, dull, elytra metallic, body black ...... Species 14.

d', Klytia conjointly or interruptedly bifasciate, the

fasciz more or less connected along the suture,

the rest of their surface metallic.

J’. Upper surface dull or opaque, black ; elytra

coarsely, punctured. ,..0% sas masks qteue hy oo Species 15, 16.

g’. Upper surface shining; elytra (except in

L. raffrayi) more finely punctured.

a*, Prothorax black, the red anterior margin

expoped?.b vain Ps ORG eee ees Species 17.

6°. Prothorax red or testaceous, the disc some-

HUES IO LMCNG pe) nn dost as BSaiyags ROG .+.. Species 18-23.

e, Elytra albo- or testaceo-maculate.

h*, Upper surface shining; legs slender ...... Species 24, 25.

zt. Upper surface dull or opaque; legs stouter,

tarsi short [Inrypra, Pase.]............ Species 26-29.

b. Head of ¢ bidentate and transversely carinate ;

upper surface opaque, metallic; legs rather short

BHEIBUOUGT ce ae nee ant eian e cen ee re Se atic Species 30.

1. Laius velutinus.

. Collops velutinus, Gerst. in VY. d. Decken’s Reisen, iii. 2, p. 311

} ’ ’ P

(1878).

Hapalochrus (Collops) velutinus, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1887,

p. 159.

Laius velutinus, Champ. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) vi. p. 179

(1920).

6. Antennal joint 1 long, stout, compressed, curved,

hollowed near the apex within ; 2 extremely broad, trans-

verse, concave, ear-shaped, narrowly cleft on the inner margin,

latter appearing toothed at the base (Pl. VIII. fig. 1) ; 3-10

short and rather stout. Anterior femora thickened, sulcate

at the apex beneath; anterior tibize swollen near the base

and narrowed thence to the tip, the base itself excised

and sulcate within.

9. Antennal joints 1 and 2 moderately thickened, 1 much

longer than 2.

Hab. KK. Arrica, Zanzibar Coast (type of Gerstaecker : 2 ),

Lourengo Marques (J. G. Baldwin, in Mus. Brit.: ¢ 2).

A long series, including nine males, are provisionally

referred to L. velutinus, which is based upon the @ only.

A bluish-green or violaceous insect nearly related to

L. tibialis, Gahan, and L. flavicornis, F., differing from

both of them im the form of the basal joints of the ¢ antenna,

and also in‘wanting the oblong testaceous callosity at the

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 325

base of the anterior tibic in this sex. One of the specimens

received from Mr. Baldwin is labelled: “ called by the

natives ‘Bange.’ Supposed to cause sores.” Amanicollops

obscurus, Pic, may be a variety of this species.

2. Laius flavicornis.

Paussus flavicornis, Faby. Syst. Eleuth. ii. p. 75 (1801).

Meyadeuterus flavicornis, Westw. Trans. Linn, Soc. London, xvi.

p. 678 (1833).

Las flavicornis, Lacord, Gen. Coleopt. iv. p. 385, nota (1857).

¢. Antennal joint 1 long, broadly widened outwards,

sinuately curved, deeply hollowed externally, and furnished

with a small, dentiform tuft of hairs at the outer apical

angle; 2 extremely broad, transverse, ear-shaped, the apical

margin raised and subtruncate (PI. VIII. fig. 2) ; 3-9 short,

rather stout. Anterior femora thickened, obliquely grooved

at the apex beneath ; anterior tibie much swollen near the

base, and narrowed thence to the tip, the base itself excised

and sulcate within (PJ. VIII. fig. 2 a).

@. Antennal joints 1 and 2 moderately stout, 2 about

half. the length of 1.

Hab. Java (type of Fabricius) ; Larat (Ff. Muir) ; Key Is.

(Mus. Brit.); Borneo (Mus. Brit.), Lundu, Sarawak

(G. E. Bryant: 8.1.1914), Sarawak (Ad. R. Wallace, in

Mus. Oxon.) ; Cuina (Mus. Brit.).

Seven ¢ ¢ and six ? 2 are referred to L. flavicornis, F.,

which would appear to be a widely-distributed coast form in

the Malayan region. A robust, rather shining, cinereo-

pubescent insect, nigro-czruleous or violaceous in colour,

with the antennz (the testaceous joints ] and 2 excepted)

and legs black. A ¢ found by Mr. G. E. Bryant at Port

Darwin, N.W. Australia, in March 1909, may belong here.

Numerous extremely closely allied Australian forms have

been described. According to Mr. Bryant, these insects are

found on the sea-shore, at or below high-water mark, where

they may be seen running about in sunny weather.

3. Laius tibialis.

Laius tibialis, Gahan, Monogr. Christmas Isl. p. 102, pl. 10, fig. 4

(antenna of ¢) (1900).

Hab. Curistmas Istanp (Indian Ocean).

Separable from the insects here identified as L. flavicornis

and L. velutinus by the opaque upper surface, the relatively

broader prothorax, and the ¢ -characters, which are described

326 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

at length by Dr. Gahan. The artist, however, has drawn a

male path three stout basal joints to ie antenne, the short

first joint being imaginary (see Pl. VIII. fig. 3).

4, Laius bulbifer, sp. n.

2. Moderately elongate, widened dee finely pu-

bescent, shining; black, the antennal joints 1-3, the prothorax,

the anterior legs (the femora in great part excepted), and

the extreme bases of the intermediate and posterior tibia,

testaceous or rufo-testaceous, the elytra cyaneous ; the head

and prothorax very sparsely (the sides of the latter closely),

minutely, and the elytra densely, rather strongly, punctured,

the elytra a little smoother at the tip. Head barely as wide

as the prothorax; eyes rather small, prominent ; antennze

with joints 1 and 2 moderately thickened, 1 curved, ‘much

longer than 2, 2 more than twice the length of 3, 3-9 a

little longer than broad. Prothorax transverse, pL

rounded at the sides, sinuously narrowed towards ‘the base,

the transverse basal groove deep. Elytra moderately long,

much widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex, depressed

near the suture anteriorly.

6. Antennal joint 1 testaceous on the inner and outer

aspects, curved, broadly lamellate (as seen in profile); 2

black, extremely large and stout, broadly oval, excavate

above, and bearing two long, slender, contiguous appendages

near the base within (Pl. VIII. fig. 4).

Length 31 mm. (2 2.)

Hab. Invta, Chaubattia, Almora District, alt. 6—-7000 ft.

(S. R. Archer: g), W. Almora in Kumaon (H.G.C.: 92).

A male received by the British Museum in 1920, a female

captured by my eldest son, probably in 1919, the two

localities being not very far distant in the Himalaya.

5. Laius denticornis, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, somewhat convex, widened

posteriorly, shining, finely cinereo-pubescent ; black, the

antennal joints 1 and 2, and the head and prothorax (an

infuscate patch on the disc of the latter excepted), testaceous,

the elytra obscure bluish-green ; the head and prothorax

minutely (the sides of the latter rugulosely), and the elytra

(except at the base, which is, smoother) densely and some-

what coarsely, punctured. Head about as broad as the

prothorax, grooved in the middle between the eyes, the

latter prominent; antennal joint 1 stout, curved, subdentate

at the outer apical angle, 2 extremely large, oblong,

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 327

somewhat concave, produced inwards into a sharp curved

tooth at the base, and subangulate at the outer apical

angle (Pl. VIII. fig. 5), 3-10 longer than broad. Prothorax

convex, scarcely as long as broad, rounded at the

sides anteriorly and strongly constricted before the base,

the basal portion narrow, the arcuate basal groove rather

deep. Elytra comparatively short, in the broadest part twice

the width of the prothorax, rounded at the tip.

Length 24 mm.

Hab. Invta, Nilgiri Hills (H. EH. Andrewes).

One male. Separable from L. testaceiceps, Pic (1912),

and other Indian forms with wholly metallic elytra, by the

black legs and the peculiarly-shaped second antennal joint

(3), which is produced inwards into a curved tooth at the

base, leaving the short connecting-node exposed. This

structure is not unlike that of Z. jucundus, 3, as figured by

Bourgeois and myself.

6. Laius nodifrons, sp. n.

9. Short, rather convex, much widened posteriorly,

shining, somewhat thickly cinereo-pubescent ; head (the

eyes excepted), palpi, antennz, prothorax, and legs (the

partly black intermediate and posterior femora excepted)

testaceous or rufo-testaceous, the scutellum and under

surface black, the elytra blue; the head and prothorax

closely (the disc of the latter very sparsely), minutely, the

elytra densely, rather strongly, punctured. Head not so

wide as the prothorax, longitudinally impressed in the

middle between the eyes, the latter not prominent; antennz

with joints 1 and 2 thickened, 1 curved, much longer than

2, 8-9 short. Prothorax transverse, convex, rounded at the

sides, much narrowed behind, the sides sinuous towards the

base. Elytra short, dilated and convex posteriorly, rounded

atthe tip. Wings ample.

&. Head as broad as the prothorax, depressed on each side

(the eyes thus appearing prominent and subpedunculate)

and deeply sulcate down the middle anteriorly, the groove

bordered laterally by a tumid space ; antennal joint 1 stout,

curved, subangulate at the outer apical angle, 2 extremely

large, broad, somewhat trumpet-shaped, the oblique fold near

the base bearing a very slender, curled appendage at the

inner basal angle (PI. VIII. fig. 6), 3-9 scarcely longer than

broad.

Length 3-34 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. Inpta, W. Almora and Ranikhet Divisions of

Kumaon (/. G. C.).

328 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

Fourteen specimens, including five males. An insect

easily recognized in the ¢-sex by the laterally depressed,

mesially sulcate, binodose head, the subpedunculate eyes, the

very large, somewhat trumpet-shaped, appendiculate second

antennal joint, and the rufo-testaceous legs (the femora in part

excepted), head, antennze, and prothorax. The ? is separable

from the same sex of L. bulbifer by these colour-characters,

the shorter antennz, the closely punctured head, ete. JL.

ceruleipennis, Pic (1914), from Kulu, and ZL. testaceiceps, Pic

(1912), from ‘ Indes,” are similarly-coloured insects: the

former is larger, and differs in the ¢-characters, and the

latter is smaller, than LZ. nodifrons, of which there is a ?

from Mysore in the Oxford Museum and another from

Colombo in the British Museum.

7. Laius luteofasciatus.

Laius luteofasciatus, Pic, L’Echange, xxiv. p. 96 (1908).

?. Elongate, rather narrow, widened posteriorly, very

shining, sparsely pilose; nigro-cyaneous, the antenne (the

testaceous joints 1-4 excepted) and legs black, the elytra

violaceous, with a rather broad, common, luteous ante-

median fascia, which is widened outwards and at the suture.

Head small, sulcate, finely punctate ; antennz# long, joints

l and 2 thickened, elongate, 1 curved, 2 almost straight,

3-9 longer than broad, gradually increasing in length.

Prothorax wider than the head, nearly as long as broad,

convex, strongly constricted towards the base; densely

punctured along the sides and very sparsely so on the

disc. Elytra long, much wider than the prothorax, rounded

at the apex, closely, coarsely punctate.

Length 3% mm.

Hab. Burma, Pegu (type of Pic).

A specimen from the Entomological Club collection,

acquired by the Museum in 1844, is doubtless referable to

the imperfectly described L. luteofasciatus, Pic, the type of

which must also be 9. The insect from which the above

description is taken is unfortunately without locality-label.

L. annamitus, Pic (1908), and LZ. fasciatus, Bourg. (1890),

are allied forms.

8. Laius lunatus, sp. n.

? . Moderately elongate, rather broad, widened posteriorly,

shining, thickly clothed with long, erect, blackish hairs

intermixed with a scattered greyish pubescence ; black, the

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 329

two basal joints of the antennz partly testaceous, the elytra

nigro-cyaneous, with a rather broad, common, angulate,

flavous or rufescent, submedian fascia; the head and

prothorax very sparsely, minutely punctate, the latter

almost smooth on the disc, the elytra with intermixed

coarse and fine punctures. Head scarcely as wide as the

prothorax, impressed in the middle between the eyes, the

latter rather. prominent ; antenne with joints 1 and 2

moderately thickened, long, subequal in length, 1 curved,

3-9 longer than broad. Prothorax convex, broader than

long, rounded at the sides, constricted posteriorly, deeply,

transversely excavate before the base. LElytra rather

elongate, broad, in the widest part about twice the breadth

of the prothorax, bluntly rounded at the tip.

6. Antennal joints 1 and 2 almost wholly, and the

anterior femora in part, testaceous ; antennal joint 1 broadly

widened, curved, triangular, 2 extremely large, concave,

broadly lunate, rounded distally and bicuspid at the inner

angle, each point bearing a small tuft of long curled hairs

(Pl. VIII. fig. 7), 3-9 longer than broad.

Length 4-42 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. Invia, Ranikhet and Central Almora Divisions of

Kumaon (H. G. C.: vi. 1920).

Described from a series of thirty females and four males,

some of which were found on a species of Polygonum. This

species may be known by the almost smooth, shining, black

head and prothorax, and the nigro-cyaneous, rufo- or flavo-

fasciate elytra, the latter with intermixed coarse and fine

punctures; the ¢ with an enormous, concave, luniform,

bicuspid second joint to the antenne. L. fasciatus, Bourg.

(1890), from Cambodia, is doubtless an allied form.

9. Laius taprobanus, sp. n.

?. Moderately elongate, rather convex, widened posteri-

orly, shining, clothed with fine greyish pubescence intermixed

with longer, erect, hairs; black, the antennal joints 1-3

(1 sometimes with a dark line above), a common ante-

median fascia on the elytra (widened outwards and also at

the suture), and the ventral surface in part, testaceous or

luteous, the rest of the elytra nigro-cyaneous. Head small,

closely punctulate, sulcate in the middle between the eyes ;

antennz moderately long, joints 1 and 2 elongate, rather

stout, 2 a little shorter than 1, 4-11 much more slender,

shorter, subfiliform, Prothorax very little wider than the

head, about as long as broad, constricted behind; smooth

330 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

on the disc, densely, rugosely punctate at the sides, the basal

depression deep. Elytra moderately elongate, much broader

than the prothorax, and nearly twice its width at the apical

third ; closely, uniformly, rather coarsely punctate.

Length 33-34 mm.

Hab. Cryton, Bogawantalawa, alt. 4900-5200 ft. (G.

Lewis : 20 and 22. 11. 1882).

Three females. Smaller, narrower, and more convex than

the similarly-coloured L. lunatus (¢), the basal joints of

the antenne testaceous; the head and prothorax not so

broad, the latter densely rngulose at the sides ; the elytra

closely, uniformly, rather coarsely punctate. The allied

L. indianus, Pic (1918), type 2, is said to have the elytra

black, with a broad yellow median fascia, and the tibice

testaceous.

10. Laius boysi, sp. n.

2. Elongate, narrow, shining, pubescent ; black with a

greenish lustre, the elytra violaceous, a common, broad,

angulate fascia before the middle, and the antennal joints 1

and 2, the tibiz and tarsi in part or entirely, and abdomen,

testaceous; the head minutely punctate, the prothorax

closely punctured at the sides and smooth on the disc, the

elytra also closely, finely punctate. Head impressed in the

middle between the eyes, about as broad as the prothorax ;

antennal joints 1 and 2 long, moderately thickened, 1 much

longer than 2, 3-10 rather long and slender. Prothorax

broader than long, convex, subcordate, strongly constricted

before the base, the transverse basal excavation deep.

Elytra long, gradually widened from the base, rounded at

the tip.

Length 3 mm.

Hab. E. Invia (Capt. Boys, in Mus. Oxon.).

One specimen, received many years ago by the Hope

Museum at Oxford, no nearer locality being given on the

label than the one quoted. Narrower than Himalayan

L. lunatus, the sides of the prothorax closely punctulate,

the elytral puncturing uniform, close, and rather fine, the

tibiz and tarsi in part or entirely testaceous, the antennz

more slender. Captain Boys collected in the Himalaya, aud

the insect may be from that region. L. indianus, Pic

(1913), is similarly fasciate, but the elytra are described as

black and somewhat strongly punctured, and nothing is

said of the closely punctate sides of the prothorax.

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 331

ll. Laius kiesenwetteri.

3b. Laius flavicornis, Kies. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1874, p. 288 (nec Fabr.).

Laius kiesenwetteri, Lewis, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvi. p. 116

(1895). |

6. Head with a large triangular whitish patch in front ;

antennal joints ] and 2 long and broad, 1 curved, abruptly

widened from near the base, hollowed externally, 2 with a

longitudinal, oval excavation towards the apex externally

and a straight, truncated appendage at the base (Pl. VILI.

fig. 8), 3-9 rather slender, longer than broad.

@. Head wholly black; antennal joints 1 and 2 mode-

rately thickened, 1 uearly twice as long as 2, 2 at least twice

the length of 3.

Var. The broad pallid elytral fascia with a reddish-brown

narrower band across tbe middle.

9. Laius histrio, Kies. loc. cit.

Hab. Japan, Kiushiu and Nipon; Cuyina, Shanghai,

Chusan Is., Kelan Pt., Pwanche Id. (J. J. Walker).

Not recorded hitherto from China, where Commander

Walker found it not uncommonly in 1892, males preponde-

rating in the series before me. The broad whitish elytral

fascia varies in development, sometimes not quite reaching

the suture, and it occasionally has a reddish or brown band

across the middle, a g from Pwanche Id. showing this

intermediate fascia very clearly. ‘The femora and tibiz are

sometimes partly infuscate.

12. Laius pelegrini.

? Laius pelegrini, Pic, L’Echange, xxvi. p. 62 (1910).

?. Elongate, rather narrow, shining, sparsely pubescent

and with longer erect hairs intermixed ; black, the antennal

joints 1-3, the elytra with a very broad common fascia

below the base (extending forwards beneath the humeri and

backwards along the suture and outer margin), and the legs

testaceous; the head sparsely, minutely, the sides of the

prothorax closely, the elytra more distinctly, punctured, the

prothorax smooth on ‘the disc. Head impressed in the

middle between the eyes; antennal joints 1 and 2 lcng,

thickened, 2 nearly as long as 1. Prothorax convex,

subcordate, deeply, transversely excavate before the base.

Elytra long, dilated beyond the middle, rounded at the tip.

Length 34 mm.

Hab. Javan, Yedo (Pelegrin, in coll. Pic: types, $ 2),

Nowata (G. Lewis).

332 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

A female from Nowata seems to belong to this species,

but the surface is not metallic as described by Pic. The

second antennal joint of ¢ is described by him as “ trés

grand et long, en forme de demi-croissant élargi, creusé en

dehors, épineux au sommet interne.” The rugose sides of

the prothorax are not mentioned in the diagnosis.

13. Laius niponicus.

Laius niponicus, Lewis, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (6) xvi. p. 116, pl. vi.

fig. 8 (d) (1895).

g. Antennal joit 1 long, curved, broad, gradually

widened outwards, 2 extremely large, broad, obliquely traus-

verse, somewhat spoon-shaped, without basal appendage

(Pl. VIII. fig. 9), 83-9 short.

?. Antenne shorter, joints 1 and 2 moderately thickened,

2 much longer than 1.

Hab. Javan, Hakodate and Kobé.

Separable from L. kiesenwetteri by the wholly black head

in both sexes, the closely punctured sides of the prothorax,

the narrower testaceous elytral fascia, and the very

differently-shaped second antennal joint in @.

14. Laius sinensis.

3. Laius sinensis, Pic, L’Echange, xxvi. p. 87 (1910).

gd. Antennal joint 1 curved, much widened outwards, 2

extremely large, broad, somewhat ear-shaped, deeply

excavate in its basal half (Pl. VIII. fig. 10), 3-9 short.

?. Antennal joints 1 and 2 moderately thickened, sub-

equal in length.

Hab. Cutna, Hong Kong (type of Pic: Mus. Brit.),

Chusan Is., Ta-maon Id. (J. J. Walker); Prnane (G. E#.

Bryant, 28.x. 1913).

A small, opaque, hairy, rugulose, nigro-violaceous insect,

the elytra with an interrupted luteous ante-median fascia,

It is a close ally to L. plagiatus, Walk.

15. Laius plagiatus.

©. Malachius (?) plagiatus, Walk. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) ii.

p. 283 (1858).

d. Laius plagiatus, Bourg. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1905, pp. 180, 181.

¢. Antennal joint 1 curved, abruptly widened from near

the base (oblong and obliquely subtruncate at the apex and

near the base, when viewed in profile); 2 extremely large,

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 333

transverse, obliquely plicate, the external portion with a

large deep fovea, the inner portion concave and with the

raised curved edge obliquely truncate near the base, as seen

im profile (Pl. VIIT. fig..11).

Var. The subapical elytral fascia partly white.

9. Las kanarensis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. xxy.

p. 4. (1917).

Hab. Cayton (type of Walker, in Mus. Brit.; coll.

~ Andrewes, ex Colombo Museum), Plains and Khandulla (ex

coll. H,. E. Cox, in Mus. Oxon.: typical form and var.) ;

Inp1a, Caleutta (Mus. Brit.), Nilgiri Hills [ typical form and

_var.], S. Mysore, Igatpuri [var.], Lamta, Balaghat District

(coll. Andrewes), Kanara (type of Pic), Gopaldhara (coll.

Andrewes). .

A widely distributed insect, of which long series taken at

Khandulla and the Nilgiri Hills have been examined. The

basal joint of the ¢-antenna has a very different appearance,

when viewed in profile, and it is possible that L. variolosus,

Bourg., also from Ceylon, may prove to be inseparable from

L. plagiatus ; the second antennal joint ( ¢) of the former,

however, is described as ‘‘ valde inflato, fere globoso, intus

auriculato.”” These insects are black and pilose, and have

the elytra very coarsely punctured, nigro-cyaneous or nigro-

violaceous in colour, with two transverse rufescent or

testaceous fasciz, which are connected along the suture.

16. Laius foveicornis.

? Laius foveicornis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. xxv. p. 5(¢ Q) (1915).

3. Very like L. plagiatus, Walk., but differing as

follows: head broader, the eyes larger ; antennal joint 2

extremely large, transverse, less produced within (thus

appearing to be articulated to the preceding joint near the

inner basal angle), grooved and foveate near the. apex, the

inner margin simply rounded, the fovea on the outer portion

much smaller than in L. plagiaius (Pl. VIII. fig. 12); elytra

very coarsely punctured.

?. Elytra a little shorter, more inflated posteriorly.

Hab. Invi (Mus. Brit.), Himalaya (types of Pic), River

Sarda Gorge [xii. 1918], W. Almora Division of Kumaon,

and Chakrata, Jaunsar (H. G. Champion).

A male and two females found in the Himalaya by my

eldest son may belong here. The definition of the second

(third of Pic) antennal joint of ¢—“ transverse et supra

foveolato ’—would apply equally well to L. plagiatus, with

which the present species is compared by the author.

334 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

17. Laius semilimbatus.

3. ? Laius semilimbatus,Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. xviii. p. 14 (1916).

?. Elongate, rather narrow, slightly widened posteriorly,

shining, clothed with fine, decumbent, pallid pubescence

intermixed with long, erect hairs; black, bluish-black, or

nigro-violaceous, the antennal joints 1 and 2 in part

testaceous, the prothorax with the anterior margin rather

broadly, and the elytra with a common, anteriorly-excised

fascia before the middle and a narrow one near the apex,

which are connected along the suture, rufous or testaceous

(leaving a posteriorly triangulate basal space, the apex, and

a broad oblique patch on each elytron, metallic or black) ;

the head closely, very finely, the lateral portions of the

prothorax densely, rugulosely, and the disc of the latter

sparsely, punctulate, the elvtra somewhat densely and not

very coarsely punctured. Head rather broad, impressed in

the middle between the eyes, the latter prominent ;

antenne long, joints | and 2 elongate, moderately thickened,

subequal in length. Prothorax about as long as broad,

convex, constricted and much narrowed towards the base,

the disc excavate on each side anteriorly, the transverse

basal depression deep. EHlytra long, much wider than the

prothorax.

6. Antennal joint 1 very stout, curved, concave externally;

2 enormously large, concave, somewhat ear-shaped, truncato-

dilatate and furnished with a broad, curled, membranous

appendage on its inner aspect (Pl. VIII. fig. 13); 3-10

moderately elongate,

Length 33-4 mm. (3 ?.)

Hab. Tonxrn | type of Pic], between Vientiane and Luang

Prabang, Laos, Ban Saleun (Salvaza).

Found in abundance in each locality by Mr. R. V. de

Salvaza at the end of 1919 and beginning of 1920, the long

series sent by him to the British Museum including nine

males. The elytral fascize vary in colour from bright red to

pale testaceous. This species agrees with the diagnosis of

L. semilimbatus, Pic, except as regards the sculpture of the

prothorax, which is said to be “‘fere impunctato”’; butit is

possible that some mistake has been made in this respect.

If a new specific name is required for the insect before me,

rufolimbatus can be used for it.

and Asiatic Spectes of Laius. 335

18. Laius raffray?.

? Lawus raffrayi, Gorh. Aun. Mus. Genova, xviii. p. 597 (1883).

Hab. Asysstnta (Mus. Genova : type).

In the British Museum there is a ? from Abyssinia that

may belong to the species. It resembles the Egyptian

_ LL. venustus, Er., but has very coarsely punctured elytra.

The two elytral fasciz are testaceous, connected along the

suture, the anterior one broad. The specimen supposed by

Gorham to bea ¢ is said to differ from the ? in having the

second antennal joint much more recurved, guttiform, yellow,

and shining. ;

L. abyssinicus, Pic (1917), type 2, is described as having

the prothorax black, except at the base and apex.

19. Laius venustus.

S$. Laius venustus, Er. Entomographien, p. 63 (1840)!; Abeille de

Perrin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1891, p. 209, pl. vii. fig. 24 (¢ antenna) °.

? Malachius bifasciatus, Cast. Hist. Nat. Ins. Coléopt. i. p. 280 (1840) *.

gS. Antennal joint 1 curved, compressed, stout; 2

extremely broad, concave, strongly transverse, somewhat

malleiform (un peu en demi-lune, sec. Perrin) (P]. VIII.

fig. 14), 3 articulated to it at about the middle of the outer

margin.

?. Antennal joint 1 moderately thickened, 2 nearly as

long as 1, slender.

Hab. Hayrr'? [type], Cairo (F. C. Willcocks, in Mus. Brit.),

W.of Khartum near Mogram (G. B. Longstaff, Mus. Oxon.) ;

Apyssinia? (sec. Perrin) ; ? Seneca °.

This species is very nearly related to the Indian

L. jucundus, Bourg., and its allies. The legs vary in colour

and the prothorax sometimes has a black patch on the disc.

Found “on cotton,” according to Mr. Willcocks. The

d-antenna has been figured by Perrin, but a drawing of

it, from a specimen in the Oxford Museum, is here given for

comparison with an allied Indian insect.

20. Laius malleifer, sp. n.

9. Elongate, narrow, widened posteriorly, shining,

clothed with fine scattered pubescence intermixed with long,

erect hairs; black, the antennal joints 1-3, the prothorax

(a subquadrate black patch on the disc excepted), the tibiz,

336 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

tarsi, and apices of the anterior femora testaceous or rufo-

testaceous, the elytra nigro-cyaneous or nigro-violaceous, each

with two transverse whitish fasciz—one below the base,

broad, widened outwards, the other narrow, sinuate, before

the apex,— which are usually connected by a narrow

whitish or testaceous sutural streak ; the head and pro-

thorax very finely punctured, the latter almost smooth on

the disc and rugulose at the sides, the elytra densely, rather

coarsely punctate. Head nearly as wide as the prothorax,

grooved in the middle between the eyes, the latter promi-

nent; antennal joints | and 2 moderately thickened, elongate,

subequal in length, 3-10 much longer than broad. Pro-

thorax convex, longer than broad, constricted and much

narrowed behind, compressed at the sides anteriorly, the

transverse basal depression deep. Elytra rather elongate.

¢. Antennal joints 1 (the black upper edge excepted) and

2 testaceous; 1 curved, much widened outwards ; 2 extremely

stout, concave, transverse, curved externally, broadly

malleiform (viewed along the longitudinal axis of the

antenna), and furnished with a long, curled, slender

appendage on its inner edge (Pl. VIII. fig. 15).

Length 24-3 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. Invia, Gogra, Punjab (ew coll. H. E. Andrewes: 3,

type), “EB. India” (Hearsay and Capt. Boys, in Mus.

Opener):

Two males and six females. A form of the Egyptian

Lyvvenustus, Er., with a much broader, appendiculate, hammer-

shaped second antennal joint in the ¢, the common triangular

metallic basal patch on the elytra usually connected near the

suture with the dark interrupted median fascia. Separable

from DL. ewternenotatus, Pic, by the very differently-shaped

second antennal joint in g and the broad whitish elytral

fascie.

L. sikkimensis, Pic, and its var. testaceilabris (1914), said

to be extremely near L. yucundus, Bourg., is probably a close

ally of L. malleifer; it is described as having the second

(third of Pic) antennal joint of ¢ very broad, subarcuated,

and not dentated behind.

21. Latus jucundus.

Laius jucundus, Bourg. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891, p. cxl

(3 Q), fig. 1 (antenna of Jd).

Laius jucundus yar, maculithorax, Pic, Le Nat. 1903, p. 81.

g. Antennal joint 1 strongly curved, stout, somewhat

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 337

angulate at the outer apical angle; 2 very stout, eclongate-

oval, oblique, slightly hollowed above, produced into a sharp

tooth towards the base within, the narrow constricted basai

portion having the appearance of an additional joint

(incorrectly shown as such by Bourgeois) (PI. VIII. fig. 16).

Hab. Brneat, Calcutta (Mus. Brit.), Kuubir Nowatoli

(types of Bourgeois), Belgaum, Pusa, Kanara (coll, Andrewes),

Bombay (G. #. Bryant), Assam, etc. (Mus. Oxon.), Shillong

(Ff. W. Champion).

Apparently a less common insect in Southern India than

L. externenotatus. The five females from Shillong agree with

others of the same sex from Bengal, etc.

22. Laius externenotatus.

Q. ? Laius evternenotatus, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom., y. p. 5 (1913).

2. Elongate, narrow, widened posteriorly, shining, clothed

with scattered pubescence intermixed with long, erect hairs ;

black, the antennal joints 1-3, the prothorax (a large black

patch on the dise excepted, this being rarely obsolete), the

tarsi, and often the tibi# in part, testaceous or rufo-

testaceous ; the elytra nigro-cyaneous or nigro-violaceous,

each with an outwardly-widened transverse fascia or mark

before the middle, a narrow transverse fascia on the dise

before the apex, and the suture between them, these

markings sometimes connected and the fasciz complete,

whitish or testaceous, the sutural streak often rufescent ;

the head and prothorax finely, the latter with the disc

very sparsely and the sides rugulosely, punctulate, the

elytra densely punctured. Head about as wide as the

prothorax ; antenne with joints 1 and 2 moderately

thickened, elongate, subequal in length. Prothorax convex,

longer than broad, constricted and much narrowed behind,

excavate at the sides anteriorly (the margins appearing

sinuate as seen from above), the basal groove deep. LE lytra

much wider than the prothorax, rounded at the tip.

3d. Antennal joint 1 strongly curved, much widened

outwards ; 2 extremely large, oblong-oval, hollowed above,

and more or less angulate and bearing a small, retractile,

membranous appendage at the inner basal angle (Pl. VIII.

fig. 17).

Length 23-33 mm. (J ?.)

Hab. Invia (type of Pic: 9°), 8S. India, Malabar (Mus.

Brit.), Poonah (G. EF. Bryant: v. 1908), Belgaum, Kanara,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 23

338 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

Nilgini Hills, Madura (coll. Andrewes) ; Cryuon (ex Colombo

Museum).

Pic’s description, based upon the 9? only, would apply

almost equally well to two closely-allied Indian insects,

which have a very differently-formed second antennal joint

in @, this joint varying but little in shape in the numerous

examples before me, it being always more or less angulate

and apparently hooked at the inner basal angle in the

present species. The name externenotatus is here selected

for the common S. Indian Lavus allied to L. jucundus, Bourg.

The completely bifasciate forms must come very near

L. sikkimensis, Pic (1914).

23. Laius birmanicus, sp. n.

?. Elongate, narrow, slightly widened posteriorly, shining,

clothed with scattered pubescence intermixed with long,

erect hairs ; black, the antennal joints 1 and 2 in part or

entirely, and the prothorax, testaceous, the elytra nigro-

cyaneous or nigro-violaceous, with a common angulate.

fascia below the base and a narrow one near the apex, which

are connected alung the suture, whitish or testaceous ; the

head and prothorax finely, the latter with the sides rugulosely

and the disc very sparsely, punctulate, the elytra rather

coarsely, closely punctured. tiead about as broad as the

prothorax, impressed in the middle between the eyes ;

auteune with joints 1 and 2 modeiately thickened, elongate,

subequal in length, 8-10 much longer than broad. Pro-

thorax as long as broad, convex, constricted and much

narrowed towards the base, excavate on each side anteriorly,

and with a deep basal groove. LElytra long, rounded at

the tip.

3S. Elytra subparallel ; antennal joint 1 strongly curved,

much widened outwards, 2. extremely large, concave,

obliquely subquadrate, the inner margin produced into a

backwardly-curved, short, hook-like projection near the

base (Pl. VIII. fig. 18).

Hab. Burma (A. K. Weld Downing), Tharrawaddy,

Pnome (coll. H. BE. Andrewes).

Two pairs. ‘I'he description of the ¢ is taken from a per-

fect example captured by Mr. Downing; the others are in bad

condition. Near L. amanus, Bourg. (1891), from Cambodia,

and L. sikkimensis, Pie (1914), from Sikkim: the former is

said to have a subglobose 2nd joint to the antenne in

gd and the pallid posterior elytral fascia reduced to two

small spots, and the latter to have the corresponding

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 339

antennal joint of the ¢ subareute and not dentate behind

and hollowed in front.

Three 2 ? from S. Mysore (coll. Andrewes) may belong

here.

24. Laius duplex, sp. n.

2. Elongate, somewhat robust, widened posteriorly,

shining, very sparsely, finely pubescent, and also set with

intermixed long erect hairs, those on the elytra arising

from the coarser punctures ; black, the antennal joints

1-3 (the base of 1 excepted), and in one specimen the

extreme bases of the tibisze and the tarsi in part, testaceous,

the elytra with a broad, outwardly-widened fascia (inter-

rupted at the suture) and a large transverse patch (not

reaching the suture or outer margin) on the disc of each

towards the apex whitish or brownish white; head and

eutire prothorax very sparsely, obsoletely punctulate, the

convex portion of the latter almost smooth, the elytra

finely punctulate between the scattered coarse punctures.

Head feebly foveate between the eyes, the latter prominent ;

antennee with joints 1 and 2 elongate, stout, 1 curved,

3-10 rather slender, all longer than broad. Prothorax

about as long as broad, nearly as wide as the head,

gibbous on the disc anteriorly aud strongly constricted

towards the base, the transverse basal sulcus long and

deep. LElytra rather long, somewhat convex, rounded at the

apex, gradually widening from the base. Legs long.

Length 3-35 mm,

Hab. Java type] and Formosa (ex coll. Bowring).

T'wo females, the Formosan locality requiring confirmation.

A pilose, shining black insect, with two large, sharply-defined

whitish fasciz on each elytron, the elytra with a double

system of puncturing, the prothorax gibbous and almost

smooth. ‘The elytral sculpture is different from that of

Ji. javanus, Pie (1906), and the two recorded Formosan

species, L. latefusciatus aud L. sewmaculatus, Pic (1919),

cannot be compared with L. duplex.

25. Laius sexsignatus, sp. n. :

?. Moderately elongate, narrow, very finely pubescent,

shining ; black, the antenne (the fuscous inner edge of

joint 1 and the terminal joints -excepted), and the legs and

abdomen in part, testaceous, the elytra each with three

whitish spots—one, small, humeral, one, very large, below

23%

340 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African:

the base (extending to the outer margin, but not quite.

reaching the suture), and one, large, transverse, distant

from the suture, subapical ; the elytra closely, minutely, the

head and prothorax more sparsely, punctulate, the lateral

portions of the prothorax dull and rugulose. Head sub-

triangular, a little wider than the prothorax, foveate in

the middle between the eyes, the latter rather prominent ;

antenne slender, joints 1 and 2 elongate and moderately

thickened, 1 curved, 2 subcylindrical. Prothorax convex,

barely as long as broad, subcordate, transversely excavate

before the base. LHlytra rather long, widened posteriorly,

conjointly rounded at the tip. Legs slender.

Length 2-2,), mm.

Hab. Java (ex coll. Bowring).

Two females, received by the British Museum in 1863.

A very small, narrow, shining, black insect, with slender

antennze and legs, and three longitudinally arranged whitish

spots on each elytron, the latter closely, very finely punctate.

26. Laius guttatus.

2. Intybia guttata, Pasc. Journ. Ent. ii. p. 448, t. 18, figs. 6 (1866).

Hab. Batcuian (A. R. Wallace: Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.).

The type of this species is in the British Museum, and

there are three others in the Hope Museum at Oxford.

They must be ? ?, the greatly elongated thickened second

antennal joint notwithstanding. Pascoe referred the genus

to the Telephoride. He omitted to note the absence

of wings in his type, the rather short, posteriorly inflated

elytra indicating the apterous condition of the insect. The

elytra have each three white spots—one near the base and

two placed transversely near the apex. The antenne are

rather stout, and the long, incrassate second joint shows no

sign of sinuation, which is very marked in the ¢ of the

nearly allied L. carinifrons, Pic.

27. Laius borneensis.

? Laius borneensis, Pic, L’Echange, xxvi. p. 83 (1910).

$ © Short, opaque, very finely pubescent; black, the

anterior half of the head, the antennal joints 1-4 (the raised

edge of 2 excepted), the tarsi (the fuscous apical joint

excepted), the anterior femora, and the abdomen in part,

testaceous, the elytra each with two rather large white

spots on the disce—one below the base, transverse, the other

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 341

towards the apex, oblique; the surface very densely, finely

punctate. Head triangular, canaliculate above; eyes

moderately large, prominent; antennz with joint 1 curved,

much widened outwards, 2 extremely large, ear-shaped,

simply concave within, and angularly produced at the

proximal inner angle, which is furnished with a long, slender,

curled appendage (P1. VIII. fig. 19), 3-9 rather long, slender,

filiform. Prothorax transverse, subcordate, as wide as the

head, deeply, transversely excavate before the base. Elytra

rather short, dilated and rounded at the sides posteriorly.

Legs short, tarsi less than half the length of the tibiz.

Length 24 mm.

Hab. Borneo, Brunei (éype of Pic: 3), Sarawak (A. R.

Wallace, in Mus. Oxon.: 2).

In the Hope Museum there is a specimen from Sarawak

that is perhaps referable to L. borneensis, Pic, the ¢ of

‘which is diagnosed in a few words only ina table of Malayan

forms with 4-spotted elytra, the only tangible characters given

being the monstrous second antennal joint (third of Pic)

without ‘‘ fossette nette ” towards the apex and the testaceous

anterior portion of the head. The head is much smaller

than in L. guttatus, Pasc., and the antennal joints 3-10 are

quite slender,

28. Laius sarawakensis, sp. u.

g. Oblong, narrow, widened posteriorly, opaque, very

finely pubescent ; black, the elytra each with two whitish

spots—one, large, transverse, below the basé, not reaching

the suture or outer margin, the other smaller, rounded, on

the outer part of the disc towards the apex,—the sides of the

metasternum, the anterior knees, the tarsi and abdomen in

part, and the antenne (the black apical joint excepted) testa-

ceous ; the upper surface densely, very finely, the under sur-

face more sparsely, punctured, the head and prothorax slightly

shining when the pubescence is removed. Head subtri-

angular, with a short longitudinal impression in the middle

between the eyes, the latter moderately large, prominent ;

apical joint of maxillary palpi rather broad ; antennz long,

comparatively stout, joimt 1 much thickened, feebly curved,

somewhat oval, slender at the base, 2 very broad and stout,

oblong-oval, somewhat ear-shaped, excavate above, and with

a long, straight, compressed appendage arising from near

the base (Pl. VIII. fig. 20), 3 short, 4—9 a little longer than

broad, 10 oval, stouter than and nearly twice as long as 9.

Prothorax rather narrow, as long as broad, convex, sinuously

342 Mr. G. C. Champion on various African

narrowed posteriorly, transversely, arcuately depressed

before the base. Elytra moderately long. Metasternum

convex in the middle. Legs rather stout, short, the posterior

tarsi barely half the length of the tibiz. Wings ample.

Length 2} mm.

Hab. Borneo, Mt. Matang, W. Sarawak, alt. 1000 ft.

(G. E. Bryant: 17.1.1914).

One male. Very near L. 4-guttatus, Er., the type, g, of

which was found on the Island of Bintang, in the Gulf of

Singapore, before 1840. _ The comparatively stout, testaceous

antenna, with joint 10 only black, and 2 strongly appendi-

culate, and the wholly black head, sufficiently distinguish the

present insect. It cannot be identified with any of the

numerous Malayan species of the Jntybia-group of Laius

tabulated by Pic (‘ L’Echange,’ xxvi. pp. 83, 84, 1910).

29. Laius tetrastictus, sp. n.

9. Extremely like ZL. sarawakensis, but differing as

follows: the two white or yellowish-white spots on each

elytron shaped thus—one, near the suture below the base,

large, narrowing outwards, the other transverse, large, on

the disc towards the apex ; head sharply canaliculate down

the middle, the groove extending upwards on to the vertex ;

eyes a little larger; apical joint of maxillary palpi not so

stout ; antenne more slender, gradually tapering outwards,

joints 2-5 in great part testaceous, 2 very stout, flattened-

subcylindric (oblong-oval as seen in certain aspects), nearly

as long as 3-5 united; legs black.

?. Var. The subapical transverse spot reduced to a small

streak.

Length 23-3 mm.

Hab. Borneo (ex coll. Sharp: var.), Quopin W. Sarawak

(G. E. Bryant : 15.11. and 19. ii. 1914).

Two specimens from Quop, precisely similar, and one of

variety. It is scarcely possible that these insects are females

of L. sarawakensis, the sharply canaliculate head and the

relatively larger eyes forbidding such an association. The

antenne are shaped almost as in L. guttatus (9), as figured

by Pascoe.

30. Laius carinatifrons.

Laius carinatifrons, Pic, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 290 (¢ 2).

3. Head depressed in the middle, transversely carinate

——<—=—-

and Asiatic Species of Laius. 343

on the vertex, and with a broad, dentiform, bifid elevation

on each side near the prominent eyes, the transverse ridge

preceded by a small A-shaped prominence ; antennal joint 1

broad, curved, subtriangular, 2 (=3 of Pic) long, stout,

hollowed on the outer aspect (Pl. VIII. fig. 21).

9. Head unarmed; antennal joint 1 smaller, 2 not so

stout, cylindrical.

Hab. Java (Mus. Brit.: 3 2), Sukabumi (types of Pic).

A pair from the Bowring Collection, acquired by the

British Museum in 1863, are certainly referable to this

species. It is a narrow, opaque, bluish-black, densely

punctured, pubescent insect, with black legs and antenne,

the ¢ with an extraordinary development of the head and

antenne. LD. diabolicus, Pic (1905), from Sumatra, and

L. lombokanus, Pic (1910), from Lombok, are allied forms.

Alphabetical numbered list of species of Laius enumerated in

this paper; those marked with an asterisk are treated

as new.

*birmanicus, 25.

borneensis, 27.

*boysi, 10.

*bulbifer, 4.

carinatifrons, 30.

*denticornis, 5.

*duplex, 24.

externenotatus, 22.

flavicornis, F., 2.

foveicornis, 16.

guttatus, 26.

jucundus, 21.

kiesenwetteri, 11.

*lunatus, 8.

luteofasciatus, 7.

*malleifer, 20.

niponicus, 13.

*nodifrons, 6.

pelegrini, 12.

plagiatus, 15.

raffrayi, 18.

*sarawakensis, 28,

semilimbatus, 17.

*sexsignatus, 25.

sinensis, 14.

*taprobanus, 9.

*tetrastictus, 29,

tibialis, 3.

velutinus, 1.

venustus, 19.

Synonyms, VARIETIES, ETC.

‘flavicornis, Kies., 11.

histrio, 11.

kanarensis, 15.

maculithorax, 21.

rufolimbatus, 17.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

The figures 1-21 show the four basal joints of the ¢ antenne, the second

joint in 8 and 20 being turned partly backward to indicate the

position of the basal appendage ; 2a, ¢ anterior leg.

344 Mr. G. C. Champion on new

XXXVITI.—On some Additional Species of the Genus

Hapalochrus, Er. [Coleoptera]. By G. C. CHAMPion,

F.Z.S8.

Srnce the publication of the concluding portion of my Notes

on this genus in the December number of the last volume of

this magazine (ser. 9, vol. vi. pp. 537-539), several in-

teresting and unexpected additions have been detected in the

collection at the British Museum and in that of Mr. H. E.

Andrewes. It is advisable, therefore, to name these insects

in order to incorporate them with the rest in the National

Collection. Two of them are African and four Indian, the

types of the latter having been presented by Mr, Andrewes

to the Museum. Amongst the Ceylon insects, three more

males of H. malabarensis, Pic (No. 72 of my earlier papers),

have been found: these were captured by Mr. G. Lewis at

Colombo, in 1882; they have the legs testaceous, with the

apices of the femora, and the base and apex of the posterior

tibie also, black.

9 (a). Hapalochrus cyaneoguttatus, sp. n.

$. Elongate, rather convex, widened posteriorly, shining,

clothed with rather long, pallid, semierect hairs; testaceous,

the head to the anterior margin and the scutellum metallic

ereen, the outer antennal rami slightly infuscate, the pro-

thorax reddish, the elytra each with a very large, subtriangular,

posteriorly-excised patch at the base and a broad subapical

fascia (both reaching the outer margin, but not extending to the

suture, the subapical fascia curving downwards to the apical

margin externally) cyaneous ; the head densely, finely, the

prothorax very sparsely, minutely, the elytra closely, rather

coarsely, punctured. Head narrower than the prothorax ;

antenne long, with joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 triangular, 3 and

following joints each with a rather stout, long ramus, the rami

increasing in length outwards. Prothorax transverse, convex, |

rounded at the sides, plicate laterally, and deeply grooved

within the basal margin. Hlytra moderately long. Anterior

tarsal joint 2 extending over 3, nigro-pectinate at the tip;

anterior femora stout, toothed near the middle beneath ;

anterior tibie hollowed towards the apex within, the inter-

mediate pair simple.

Length 4 mm.

Species of the Genus Hapalochrus. 345

Hab. N.W. Ruopesta; Namwala (H. C. Dollman:

20.111. 1913).

One male, found “on tent.” Belongs near the Central

African H. sjéstedti, Bourg. (No. 6 of my first paper on the

genus, published in this magazine in Aug. 1920), differing

greatly from that insect in its general coloration, &e. The

elytral maculation is similar to that of a Ifais or Urodactylus,

which have 11-jointed antenne.

9(b). Hapalochrus natalensis, sp. n.

&. Very like the Rhodesian H. cyaneoguttatus, and re-

presenting that species in Natal: the cyaneous basal patch

on the elytra transversely subquadrate, more or less hollowed

behind, but without angular backward extension on the disc

posteriorly ; the head a little less densely punctate, bi-

impressed anteriorly, the epistoma in the pair from Malvern

testaceo-maculate in the centre ; the antennz a little stouter,

joint 2 broadly triangular ; the anterior tibie feebly sinuate

within.

?. Antennze short, stout, strongly serrate.

Length 444 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. 8. Arrica, Malvern [type] and north of Umkomaas

River, both in Natal (Dr. G. A. K. Marshall: ix. 1897).

Two females and one male, requiring a distinctive specific

name to distinguish them from the Rhodesian form.

69 (a). Hapalochrus nilgiriensis, sp. 0.

6. Elongate, narrow, much widened posteriorly, shining,

finely pubescent; green or brassy-green, the antenne black,

with the basal joint testaceous beneath, the abdomen partly ru-

fescent ; the head and the disc of the prothorax very sparsely,

the sides of the latter and the elytra densely, finely punctate.

Antenne long, strongly flabellate. Prothorax strongly trans-

verse, small, about as wide as the head, deeply, transversely

depressed before the base. Elytra rapidly widening from

the base, depressed on the disc anteriorly. Legs slender ;

anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 extending over the

base of 3; anterior and intermediate tibiz excised before the

apex within, the notch on the intermediate pair preceded by

a triangular dilatation.

?. Antenne much shorter, simply serrate, joint 3 shorter

than 2 or 4,

Length 33-33 mm. (¢ 2.) |

346 On new Species of the Genus Hapalochrus.

Hah. Inpta, Nilgiri Hills (ex coll. Andrewes).

One male ona four females. Very different from the two

nearest allied Hastern Hapalvehri (Nos. 68, 69) enumerated

by me in my earlier ‘“* Notes” on the genus; the 9 has the

general facies of the African H. mollis. The prothorax is

much less developed than in the Malayan H. mirabilis, Pic.

69(b). Hapalochrus cingalensis, sp. n.

3. Elongate, very narrow, slender, gradually widened

posteriorly, moderately shining, closely cinereo-pubescent ;

ereen or bluisl-green, the antenne (the testaceous lower

surface of joint 1 excepted) and legs black; the head and

elytra densely, very finely, the prothorax (except at the sides)

more sparsely, punctate. Head (with the eyes) broader than

the prothorax, the eyes large; antennz very long, strongly

flabellate from joint 4 onward, 1 and 2 stout, curved (the

connecting node exposed), 3 produced into a long tooth.

Prothorax small, strongly transverse, transversely sulcate

before the base. Elytra very elongate, broader than the

prothorax, widening from the base. Legs slender; anterior

tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened, 2 extending over

base of 3 above; anterior tibiz hollowed from the middle

onwards (appearing strongly sinuate within) ; intermediate

tibie slightly hollowed beyond the middle.

2. Antenne elongate, slender, joints 4-9 long and simply

serrate.

Length 3-34 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. Cryton, Dikoya, alt. 3800-4200 ft., and Horton

Plains, alt. 6000 ft. (G. Lewis: 1-11. 1882).

Th pairs. Smaller, narrower, more slender, and less

shining than J. ni/giriensis and H. orientalis, the eyes

larver, the head and elytra very densely, minutely punctate,

the anterior rami of the g very long and slender. 4. cinga-

lensis has the general facies of a Dasytes.

69 (c). Hapalochrus orientalis, sp. n.

9. Moderately elongate, rather convex, widened pos-

teriorly, shining, cinereo-pubescent; obscure nigro-czruleous,

the legs and antennee black, the basal joint of the latter

testaceous beneath ; the head and the disc of the prothorax

rather closely, the sides of the latter and the elytra

densely, finely punctate. Head about as broad as the pro- .

thorax; antenne moderately long, rather strongly serrate.

Prothorax strongly transverse, deeply, transversely depressed

On a Styelid Tunicate from Sypitzbergen. 347

before the base. Elytra gradually widened from the base,

rugulose,

Length 3,4, mm.

Hab. Invta, Nilgiri Hills, alt. 3500 ft. (ex coll. Andrewes).

One female. Less elongate and more convex than H.

nilgirtensis, bluish-black above, the prothorax more closely

punctured at the sides. The ¢ probably has flabellate an-

tenne. The general facies is that of the African H. mashu-

nus and H. laciniosus.

74 (a). Hapalochrus diremptus, sp. n.

@?. Elongate, much widened posteriorly, moderately

shining, finely pubescent ; metallic green, the head brassy,

the legs and antenne black ; the head and elytra, and the

sides of the prothorax to some extent, densely, finely, con-

spicuously punctured, the disc of the prothorax much

smoother. Head (with the eyes) about as wide as the pro-

thorax, the eyes prominent ; antennz moderately long, rather

stout, the joints from the fourth onwards obliquely sub-

quadrate and somewhat dilated. Prothorax small, convex,

strongly transverse, deeply, transversely grooved posteriorly.

Elytra very long, flattened on the disc anteriorly, at the base

not broader than the prothorax, rapidly widening thence to

the apex, the latter broadly rounded.

Length 34 mm.

Hab. 8. India, Belgaum (ez coll. Andrewes),.

One female. Extremely like the Abyssinian H. cineras-

cens (type 2, No. 42 of my earlier papers), differing from it

in the more prominent eyes, the shorter pubescence, and the

rather strong puncturing, this being particularly noticeable

at the sides of the prothorax. In a combined arrangement

of the African and Asiatic forms, H. diremptus should follow

HH. cinerascens and be numbered 42 (a).

XXXIX.—A remarkable Styeid Tunicate from Spitzbergen.

By Dr. Augusta Arnpick-Curistiz-Linpr, Riksmu-

seum, Stockholm *.

Ypsilocarpa clipeata, gen. et sp. n.

The unique type-specimen is in the collection of Tunicata

of the Swedish State Museum, Stockholm.

* This article is an extract from my paper on the family Styelide,

which will soon be published.

348 Dr. A. Arnbick-Christie-Linde on a remarkable

Locality.

N.W. Spitzbergen, Smeerenburg Bay. Depth 25 fathoms.

Bottom, stonesand clay. One specimen collected, along with

Styela rustica, by the Spitzbergen Expedition, 1872-73,

August 27, 1872.

External Appearance.

The body is ovoid and somewhat compressed baso-apically ;

the test is spread out over the object to which the animal is

attached. The apertures are situated on the dorsal surface,

oS eC Ie

a a. os

Ypsilocarpa clipeata, gen. et sp. n.

Fig. 1.—External view, x 6 diam.

Fig. 2.—Dorsal tubercle, x 33 diam.

Fig. 3.—Part of the intestine, with rectum, x 6 diam.

Fig. 4.—Gonad, X 6 diam. od, oviduct; vd, vas deferens.

about 23 mm. apart, and, in this preserved specimen, scarcely

raised over the surface, and not easily detected. They are

surrounded by elevations of the test, which are covered with

numerous minute tubercles (text-fig. 1).

Styelid Tunicate from Spitzbergen. _ 349

The test of this preserved example is of a yellowish-grey

colour and very firm. Its surface is divided all over into

irregular polygons ; this striking character clearly distin-

guishes the species from other Arctic Styelids. In the middle

of each polygon isa minute, translucent, vesicle-like elevation.

On larger polygons there are two such structures, and here

and there, especially in the vicinity of the siphons, they are

more closely scattered, and are there of a somewhat smaller

size, though more prominent (text-fig. 1).

The surface is free from adherent foreign material.

The specimen measures 6 mm. in length (baso-apical) and

8 mm. in breadth (dorso-ventral).

Internal Structure.

The test is moderately thick and of a tough consistency.

Its outer layer consists apparently of a very thin transparent

membrane of a chitin-like aspect and of somewhat greater

thickness around the vesicle-shaped elevations on the polygons.

‘The inner surface of the test is smooth and whitish.

The mantle adheres to the inner side of the test and the

mantle musculature is not very strongly developed.

The tentacles are simple and of differing size, the largest

numbering about seven or eight.

Atrial tentacles are present; they are numerous and

slender, thickly scattered over the narrow velum.

The dorsal lamina is plain-edged and rather broad.

The dorsal tubercle is rounded and small, though prominent.

The aperture is elongate and feebly curved (text-fig. 2).

The branchial sac is of a characteristic structure. It is

provided with three weil-developed folds on each side with

wide longitudinal vessels ; the second fold is in a rudi-

mentary state, and is represented by three longitudinal

vessels, a number which is reduced to two in the bottom of

the branchial sac.

On the interspaces between the folds there is one wide

longitudinal vessel.

The following scheme shows the approximate number and

the distribution of the vessels :—

Dorsal lamina, 1 (9) 1(8) 1(7) 1(5) 1, endostyle.

The stigmata are elongated and of the usual form.

The alimentary canal is not of great length. The stomach

is short and has a horizontal position. Numerous longi-

350 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie- Linde on a remarkable

tudinal plications are visible in its wall. No pyloric cecum

is visible.

The intestine forms a short loop and afterwards bends

upwards almost at right angles (text-fig. 3). As appears

from the figure, the rectum is sbort and distinctly marked off

from the intestine, from which it rises at right angles.

The margin of the anus is provided with seven small

lobes.

The reproductive organs consist of one hermaphrodite gonad

on each side of the body. ‘The gonad is of great length and

characteristically bent into the shape of the letter U (text-

fio. 4). In this individual it is well distended with eggs at

different stages of development. Macroscopically no male

glands could be observed, but from sections it appears that

the gonad ‘contains very small glands—in all probability,

male glands, though no spermatozoa were observed there,—

with ducts, hidden by the mass of large eggs. So far as one

can judge from this single specimen, the eggs and the

spermatozoa are thus produced at different times.

The ovary and testis each open at the end of the gonad by

an elongated duct dorsally directed. Owing to the U-shaped

form of the gonad, its distal end with the opening ducts

almost touches its proximal end. The main sperm-duct lies

upon the inner free surface of the gonad, and ends at some

distance from the oviduct. Macroscopically the vasa efferentia

were scarcely visible.

Endocarps are present on the inner side of the mantle and

in the loop of the intestine.

Remarks.

Ypsilocarpa clipeata is distinctly marked off from other

species of Styelide by the characters of the gonads and the

test. In no other described Arctic genus have the reproductive

organs such an arrangement and number as in Ypsi/ocarpa.

Though tubercles, elevations, spines, and other peculiarities

of the test have often been described, no Arctic Styelid has

yet been recorded with a test of similar structure, and no

member of the group shows any other such point of agree-

ment as would indicate close relationship to Ypstlocarpa.

Styelids collected in other waters present no form com-

parable with Ypsilocarpa, unless it be Styela squamosa,

dredged to the south of Australia, and described by W. A.

Herdman (1882, ‘ Challenger’ Rep. vi., Ascidiz simplices).

According to that author (p. 152) the test of Styela

Styelid Tunicate from Spitzbergen. dol

squamosa is thick and solid, but soft, the surface is smooth,

but scaly. It is, however, impossible to get any clear idea of

the last-mentioned character trom the figure illustrating it

(pl. xviii. fig. 1), The dorsal lamina is plain and the larger

tentacles are short and stout, resembling the corresponding

organs of Ypstlocarpa clipeata.

The two species differ as to the branchial sac. In Styela

squamosa two distinct folds lie on each side; the others are

in a rudimentary state. YY. e/¢peata has three well-developed

folds on each side, the second is rudimentary.

The apertures are differently placed. In S. squamosa they

are distant, the branchial is placed at the ventral end and the

atrial at the dorsal end of the anterior extremity. In Y. edi-

peata they are close together and placed on the dorsal surface

of the body.

Herdman gives no description of the reproductive organs

of S, squamosa, nor, so far as I know, has this gap been

subsequently filled. ‘The description is thus too incomplete

to allow of satisfactory comparison, and consequently one

cannot for the present draw any conclusions’ as to the rela-

tiouships or systematic position of Styela squamosa, since the

divisions are for the most part based on differences in the

reproductive organs.

In his paper on “The Classification of the Styelide,”

A. G. Huntsman (1913, Zool. Anzeiger, xli. pp. 482-501)

has divided the genus Styela into two groups: one comprises

Styelu, Katatropa, Goniocarpa, Botryorchis ; the other

Cuemidocarpa alone. Cnemidocarpa is rightly distinguished

from Styela, owing to the different relation of the male and

female organs to each other. In Séyela the ovary is elon-

gated and bordered along either side by the male glands,

One or two ovaries are present on each side of the body. In

Cnemidocarpa the male glands are situated between the

body-wall and the ovary, and form, together with the latter,

one structure. The gonads vary from few to many, are

elongated, and placed in a single row on each side.

In discussing the systematic position of Ypsilocarpa, the

characters of the gonads, the atrial tentacles, the branchial

sac, the alimentary canal, the dorsal tubercle, and, though

secondarily, the condition of the test should be considered.

Hach of these organs exhibits characters peculiar to the

species.

So far as one can judge from this single individual, the

species should be referred to the Cnemidvcarpa group, and

not to the Styela group, owing to the relation of the testis to

959. Mr. MPA: Smith and Mineweb abroster on

the ovary. But it does not agree with Cnemidocarpa in

other respects, even as regards the gonads. Cnemidocarpa

has from few to many gonads, which are usually straight or

tortuous. Ypsilocarpa has, on each side, only one gonad,

which is of considerable length and bent in the shape of the

letter U. Such essential differences in the reproductive

organs forbid its inclusion in the genus Cnemidocarpa as now

defined.

Since the classification of the Styelide is principally based

on the peculiarities of the reproductive organs, a new genus

should be established for the species here described. The

other important anatomical differences further justify this

course.

The genus Ypsilocarpa is therefore defined as follows :—

Branchial sac.—Four folds on each side; three are well

developed, and one—the second—is in a rudimentary

state. :

Gonads.—One elongate cylindrical gonad on each side, bent

into the shape of the letter U, and made up of both

ovary and testis.

Atrial tentacles—The atrial tentacles are thickly scattered

over the narrow velum. .

Genotype.— Ypsilocarpa clipeata, with the same diagnosis.

The surface of the test is divided into polygons.

XL.—On a Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians from the

Island of Ceram, Indo-Australian Archipelago. By

Matcotm A. Smiru, F.Z.S8., and Joan B. PROcTER,

F.Z.S.

AMONG a small coliection of reptiles and batrachians recently

submitted to us for examination at the British Museum of

Natural History there appears to be a new snake of the

genus Typhlops and a new race of the frog Rana grisea,

van Kampen.

Other species in the collection are also worthy of record,

either because they increase the range of their known distri-

bution or because they show some variation in character from

the published description.

Reptiles and Batrachians from Ceram. 353

Typhlops ligorostris, sp. n.

Head depressed ; snout strongly projecting, with a sharp

horizontal edge ; nostril inferior; rostral one-half the width

of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes; nasal

completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second

labial ; preeocular not larger than the ocular, in contact with

the second and third labials; eyes distinct; praefrontals

enlarged. Body with 22 scales round the middle, its diameter

50 times its total length ; tail 24 times as long as broad.

Light grey-brown above, paler below.

‘Total length 400 mm.

One specimen from Teloeti Bay, S. Ceram.

Nearest to 7. depressiceps, Sternfeld, from which it differs

in the smaller preocular shield and the number of scales

round the body.

Rana grisea, var. ceramensis, nov.

Differs from the typical form in the longer snout, nar-

rower head, and much smaller eye.

Vomerine teeth in oblique groups between the choanz and

extending a little beyond their posterior borders. Head

longer than broad, snout obtusely pointed, one and a half

times as long as the eye; canthus rostralis strong, loreal

region slightly oblique, deeply concave ; nostril much nearer

the tip of the snout than the eye ; distance between the

nostrils equal to the interorbital width, which is 3 that of the

upper eyelid ; tympanum # diameter of the eye.

Limbs as in typical &. grisea ; the tibio-tarsal articulation

reaching to well beyond the tip of the snout. Feet with

slightly less web, the last two phalanges of the fourth toe on

both sides and of the second and third toes on the inner side

being free.

Skin of the back finely granulate. A moderately broad

and distinct dorso-lateral glandular fold to the hip.

Brown above, uniform ; loreal and temporal regions darker ;

limbs with distinct cross-bands; belly and lower part of

thighs brownish white, throat dark brown; throat ‘and belly

with large white spots.

One specimen from Manusela, Central Ceram, at 3000 feet.

Collected December 1919.

The following measurements are compared with a specimen

of R. grisea, forma typica, from New Guinea, in the British

Museum :—

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 24

354 On Reptiles and Batrachians from Ceram.

Measurements in millimetres.

New Guinea. Ceram.

SNOMb FO PVENE Bie kas ake >is ate ietaate 74 73

Length of head as esses ok 26 25

Width ‘of head) oc" te vas. a” Sere 23

Brut? beatae eae be eet 11 12

Tye {2472 Tee er coat ode 10 8

Interorbital width .......... 5 fi

Py mpanp ay co 5k cave dnaeberes 6 6°5

Hore Libis cect sey soe eee 49 48

irst mower. 5 ts a. el i re

Necond Mnper Ar) vse ae 9 9

hurd finvonic: ss et oy obs ae 14 14

Ponrth finger. 1a: 3542. se tes 9 9

(and AMD” on 4a ab te oe see 135 132

TAGAR kre Serta koe cee cs ees 45 47

PODER ites Sete chi enthc Wis elec 40 40

Calamaria ceramensis, de Rooy.

Two specimens showing the following variations in the

number of ventral and caudal shields :—

6 .—V.141. C. 28.

9.—V. 160. C€.19.

Typhlops kraali, Doria.

One specimen of this snake, hitherto only known from the

Kei Islands.

Draco lineatus, var. ochropterus.

Two examples. We can discover no difference in scalation

between the two specimens to justify their separation from

one another, although one of them is marked with indistinct

cross-bars to the wing-membranes as in ochropterus, while

the other has the typical coloration of lineatus.

An examination of the specimens of D. lineatus in the

Museum shows also that there is considerable difference in

the size of the dorsal and ventral scales, and that this cha-

racter, as given by Werner to separate his ochropterus from

lineatus, is not to be relied upon.

Werner himself suggested (Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Hamb.

xxvii. p. 12, 1910) that ochropterus might prove to be only a

colour-form of /éneatus, and with this view we entirely agree.

Lygosoma miilleri (Schlegel),

Two specimens with 36 scales round the middle of the body

instead of 34.

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 35:

Rana modesta, Boulenger.

A series of fifteen specimens of this frog, hitherto ouly

recorded from the Celebes and neighbouring islands,

Alyla amboinensis, Horst.

A large series of this tree-frog, not hitherto reco ded froin

Ceram,

XLI.—Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—X1.

By Ricuaxp S. Baenatt, F.R.S.E., F.L.S.

[Plate IX. ]

Tuis is continued from Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9,

vol. iy. p. 253, aud the following species are described :-—

Cryptothrips japonicus, sp. n. Cenurothrips affinis, sp. n.

Liothrips kingt, sp. n. Gynaikothrips obscuripes, sp. n.

Dolichothrips jeanneli, sp. ua. + willcockst, 8p. u.

is varipes, sp. n. Gigantothrips tibialis, sp. un.

Neoheegeria fumipennis, sp. 0. Mesothrips indicus, sp. 0.

i citripes, sp. L. - lewist, sp. 0.

Suborder TUBULIFERA.

Cryptothrips japonicus, sp. n.

? .—Length about 2°2 mm.

Head, including the whole of the antenne, thorax, and

the last three abdominal segments dark grey-brown, parts of

pterothorax laterally and the tube near base very dark ;

abdominal segment 7 more or less yellowish-brown, rest

of abdomen golden-yellow shaded with brown especially

medianly and along the fore-margins of tergites. Legs

brown to grey-brown, tibize inclined to be lighter at ends ;

tarsi yellow or light yellow-brown.

Head 1°5 times as wide across eyes, produced beyond eyes

for the seating of the antenne. Sides slightly constricted

bebind eyes, then broadening out gradually to before the

base. Space between eyes anteriorly considerable, the

posterior ocelli widely separated, the anterior ocellus much

smaller than the posterior pair. Eyes small but very

coarsely facetted, occupying about 0°3 the dorsal length of

the head ; postocular sete situated near the inner posterior.

24*

356 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

margin of the eye, about the length of an eye, slender and

mildly dilated at tip. Surface of head somewhat strongly

reticulated between the eyes. Mouth-cone stout, reaching

across prosternum and broadly rounded ; palpi apparently

very stout. Antenne nearly twice as long as the head ;

joints 38-5 mildly clavate, 6 and 7 with short constricted

stem at base, 8 slender; relative lengths of joints 3-8

approximately as follows:—64 : 63 : 60 : 45 : 42 : 33.

Trichomes slender.

Pronotum about 0°6 the length of the head and about 1°7

times as broad as long ; setz (excepting the inner antero-

marginal] pair) well developed, mildly dilated at tips, those

of the posterior margin about 0°6 the median length of the

pronotum. Pterothorax only slightly broader than width

‘across fore-coxze. Hind-legs much longer than the others.

Wings reaching to the sixth abdominal segment, moderately

broad, parallel-sided ; series of duplicated cilia in fore-wing

apparently absent (I cannot be sure, as the wings overlap on

one side and the other pair are laid over the body in my

unique preparation).

Abdomen elongate-ovate, broader than the pterothorax ;

eighth segment roundly narrowed to base of ninth. A

single pair of wing-retaining spines near the posterior

margin of each of the segments 3 to 7. Tergites anteriorly

reticulate, this reticulate structure being found also in the

thorax, femora, etc. Tube stout, 0°6 the length of the head,

about twice as long as broad at base and 0°45 as broad at

apex as at base; terminal hairs about 0°75 the length of the

tube.

Abdominal bristles moderately long, those on 9 about

0°75 the length of the tube.

A distinctive species coming in the group containing

citricornis, Bagn., reticulatus and fuscicauda, Trybom, icarus

and augustus, Uzel, and bagnalli and okamotoi, Karny.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. Javan, 1 2 on grass, 23, vii. 1916 (J. H. A. Lewis).

Reg. no. 294.

Liothrips kingi, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 2:0 mm.

Colour wholly dark brown; tarsi brown; antennz with

basal joint and basal half of second concolorous with head,

joints 3 to 6 lemon-yellow, 7 yellow with apex lightly shaded

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 357

with light brown and 8 wholly of a light grey-brown.

Wings clear.

Head with cheeks parallel to near neck and then some-

what constricted ; 1°6 times as long as broad and about 1°6

times as long as the tube. Mouth-cone evenly pointed.

Postocular bristles colourless, knobbed, very short, not 0°5

the length of an eye, and situated exceptionally far back,

nearly halfway between the hind-margins of eyes and the

neck. Antenne with joint 3 very slender and elongated ;

relative lengths of jomts 3 to 8 approximately as follows :—

72 305.2507 46.: 36; > 16:

Pronotum transverse, less than 0:5 the length of the

head ; sete developed, colourless, knobbed ; only the postero-

marginal long, the outer being about 0°6 the median

pronotal length. Wings, reaching abdominal segment 6,

with a series of 15-18 duplicated cilia. Fore-tarsus

unarmed.

Abdomen roundly narrowing from segment 7 ; tube 0°6

the length of the head; abdominal bristles colourless,

knobbed ; longest on 9 about 0°8 the length of the tube.

2? —Length about 2°4—2°7 mm.

Larger and heavier. I have no perfect examples of the

sex, and have therefore described the species from the ¢.

Two species have asimilar-coloured antenna—ZL. tarsidens,

Tryb., from Madagascar, and L. major, Buffa. The former is

at once separated by the armed fore-tarsi, relative lengths of

antennal joints, the long tube, etc. The latter remains to

be described, but if it so closely approximates se¢inodis as

Buffa states, it may be known by the relative lengths of

antennal joints 3 to 8, the short broad head, the compara-

tively longer tube, ete.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. BE. Arrica, Mongalla Prov., January 1911 (4. ZH.

King).

Liothrips damfi, Karny.

This species comes near to L. micrurus, Bagn., but is at

once distinguishable by the shape of the head (the vertex of

which in micrurus is produced in the form of a hump), the

longer tube, the more minute postocellar sete, and the

longer and stouter pronotal sete.

Hab, Sprain, S. Esteban, 23. vi. 1912 (Navas), both sexes.

358 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new ‘Thysanoptera.

Dolichothrips jeannelt, sp. n.

? .—Length 3°5 to 3°38 mm.

Brown to black-brown ; antennal joints 1, 7, and 8

wholly brown, 2 yellowish distally, 3 yellow, 4 to 6 deeper

yellow, 5 being lightly, and 6 more strongly, shaded with

brown distally.

Head widest across the prominently rounded eyes, about

1-8 times as long as broad; vertex produced in the form of

a hump with the anterior ocellus, forwardly directed, at

apex overhanging insertion of the antennz. Cheeks set

with a very few minute set, subparallel from just behind

eyes to the basal fifth or thereabouts and then sharply con-

verging ; postocular bristies well-developed ; mouth-cone

very long. Antenne about 1°8 times as long as the head ;

relative lengths of joits 3 to 8 approximately as follows :—

Ay 7 oO tev 2 eo 8 de.

Pronotum long, about 0°7 the length of the head and

only about 1:2 times as broad near base as long. Pronotal

sete developed, the outer postero-marginal pair about 0°4

the median length of the pronotum. Legs long, slender,

fore-tarsi unarmed, of Liothrips-type. -

Wings clear and slender, reaching to the seventh

abdominal segment, without the duplicated series of cilia

in the fore-wings.

Abdomen long, gradually narrowing posteriorly; tube

about 0°6 the length of the head, 2°5 times as long as broad

at base, where it is about twice as broad as at apex ; terminal «

hairs very weak distally, brownish basally and 0-7 the length

of the tube. Abdominal setz well-developed from the first

segment, the longest on 9 about 0°8 the length of the tube.

Separated at once from D. longicollis, Karny, by its larger

size, the shape of the head, the elongated intermediate

antennal joints, the absence of the duplicated sete in the

fore-wings, etc., etc. I hope to figure and describe the

species more minutely when dealing with Messrs. Alluaud

and Jeannel’s East African material.

Hab. BK. Arnica, Molo, a station on the Uganda Railway

situated near the summit of the Maii encampment, 8. xi.

1911. No 19, two examples.

A third example is teneral and the head apparently

deformed in mounting. It is almost certainly referable to

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 359

this species and was taken in the coastal region at Ramisi,

a camp established by a ford of the river of that name, 60

kilometres south of Mombasa, 6. xi. 1911.

Dolichothrips varipes, sp. n.

? —Length 1°8 to 2:0 mm.

Much as in jeanneli. Fore-tibiz and tarsi wholly clear

yellow, intermediate tibia distally for about one-sixth and

both intermediate and hind-tarsi yellow. Wings clear,

scale grey-brown. Antennal joints 3 to 7 yellow, the more

distal lightly tinged with grey and 7 in some specimens

light grey-brown distally; 8 wholly light grey-brown.

Head only about 1°6 times as long as broad, the cheeks

not narrowed behind eyes, subparallel to the basal sixth

or thereabouts. Antenne about 1°6 times as long as the

head with the intermediate joints shorter, more as in longi-

collis ; relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 appproximately as

follows :—20 : 22:17:16: 14:9. Postocular bristles

short, blunt, only about 0°5 the length of an eye. Palpi

very long and slender.

Pronotum about 0°6 the length of the head and 1°3 times

as broad at base as the median length. Setz developed,

dilated at apices, the outer postero-marginal pair about 0-4

the median length of the pronotum. Legs long, fore-tarsus

unarmed. Duplicated series of 5-8 cilia in the fore-wing.

Tube stout, 0°6 as long as the head.

gd .—Smaller and more slender; fewer duplicated cilia in

fore-wing.

At once recognized by the smaller size, the shorter head,

the colour of the tibize, the small series of duplicated cilia in

the fore-wing, etc. Although I have an abundant material

all the specimens are more or less teneral, and it is therefore

difficult to draw up a good description. Taking into con-

sideration Neoheegeria citripes, m., this species would seem to

demonstrate close relationship with the genus Neoheegeeria.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. Invia, a tube containing numerous examples, in-

cluding larv, probably Coimbatore district, but unfortu-

nately without data (Coll. Ramakrishna).

360 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Neoheegeria fumipennis, sp. u.

? .—Length about 2°4 mm.

Chestnut-brown, fore-tibize aud fore-tarsi yellowish shaded

with brown; other tarsi concolorous with legs. Wings

fumate. Basal antennal joints concolorous with head,

joints 7 and 8 light brown, 3 te 6 pale yellow, 5 and 6 in

the distal three-fifths or thereabouts, and 3 and 4 more lightly

tinged with light grey-brown.

Head of elongated-Haplothrips type, 1°25 times as, long as

broad ; eyes occupying about 0°3 the dorsal length ; post-

ocular sete long, dark, and slender, about the length of an

eye. Mouth-cone reaching well across prosterum, pointed.

Antenne also of Haplothrips type, about 1°8 times the

length of the head; relative lengths of segments 3 to 8

approximately as follows:—26 : 25 : 21: 20:18:11.

Pronotum 0°7 the length of the head and 1°7 times as

broad as long ; postero-marginal sete long (? 0°6-0°7 the

dorsal length of pronotum); mid-lateral sete scarcely 0-4

the length of the outer postero-marginal pair, and the

antero-marginal apparently vestigial. Pterothorax broad.

Wings long and slender, reaching to the abdominal segment

8; fore-wings about 24 times as long as broad, with a series

of 9 duplicated cilia.

Abdomen slightly less wide than the pterothorax, gradually -

narrowing from segment 2. Tube ahout 0°85 the length of

the head, not stout, and approximately 0°6 as broad at apex

as at base. Terminal hairs very weak, colourless distally,

about 0°85 the length of the tube. Abdominal bristles long,

well-developed, brown; lateral or sublateral on all segments

from the postero-angles of 1; those on 9 longer than the

tube.

The long and very slender fumate wings are distinctive.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. Invta, Kurseong, E. Himalayas, at 4700 ft., 26. 111.

1916 (F. Gravely), a solitary example, Reg, no. 181.

Neoheeyeria citripes, sp. n.

? —Length 1°8 mm.

Chestnut-brown; all tibiz and tarsi light lemon-yellow;

wings clear ; basal joints of antennee concolorous with head,

joints 3 to 7 lemon-yellow and the last pale grey-brown.

Form much as in fumipennis.

Head 1°4 times as long as broad, mouth-cone very acute

——

Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 361

and’ stretching wholly across the prosteraum. Postocular

setz situated well towards mid-line, fine and about 0°8 as

long as an eye. Antenne about twice as long as the head,

with the relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 approximately as

follows :—47 : 46 : 41 : 38: 33: 22.

Pronotum long, about 0°7 as long as the head and 1°5

times as broad as long. All setz present, well-developed,

brown, and slightly infundibuliform ; the postero-marginal

the longest, the outer being 0°5, the mid-lateral about 0°32,

and those on anterior margin (the two pairs being subequal

in Jength) about 0°27 the median length of the pronotum.

Pterothorax stout, wings long and slender, about 20 times

as long as broad, with 6 duplicated cilia in the fore-wing

(teste 3).

Abdomen as in fumipennis, with bristles similarly disposed.

Tube short and stout, 0°6 as long as the head, less than twice

as long as broad at base; terminal hairs weak, colourless

distally and about as long as the tube. Abdominal bristles

on segment 9 longer than the tube.

¢.—As in ?, but very slender and slightly shorter;

although the head is approximately the same in length, it is

narrower and therefore 1°6 times as long as broad.

Recognized by the distinctive colouring of the legs and

the long head.

Hab. Invia, Pusa; ¢, 92, and larve on Alentillon indicum,

12. x. 1909 (C. S. Misra), Reg. no. 192.

Cenurothrips affinis, sp. 1.

Length about 2°2 mm

Near C. brevicollis, Bagn. Head and thorax dark chest-

nut-brown, abdomen darker; fore-femora yellow-brown,

dark brown in the outer half, hind and intermediate tibize

lighter yellowish- brown in the inner or inner distal parts ;

hind and intermediate tibie of a uniform dark brown.

Antenne with first and second joints brown, the latter

lighter basally; 3 a lighter brown, narrowly yellow at

extreme base, 4 black-brown, and 5 to 8 still darker, black.

Wings lightly fumate.

The head and tube of the unique specimen are split under

the pressure of mounting, and it is therefore difficult to

form a correct idea of the shape. :

Head about as broad as long, rounded in front and

apparently converging posteriorly as in brevicollis. Eyes

362 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

occupying about 0:26 the length of the head. Postocular

setz slender and not long. Ocelli small, the posterior pair

each contiguous to the inner margin of the eye on a line

approximately through their middle. Antenne about 1°7

times the length of the head, joints 7 to 8 broadly united,

relative lengths of 2 to 8 approximately as follows :—

22:32:30: 25:23:18:12. Mouth-cone short and broadly

rounded.

Pronotum strongly transverse, only about 0-4 the length

of the head and nearly three times as long as the median

length. Sete short (? vestigial) excepting those at pos-

terior angles, which are about 0°6 the length of the pronotum.

Wings broad, the fore-wing with 7 duplicated cilia. Fore-

femora incrassate and fore-tibize with a minute tooth.

Pterothorax heavy. Abdomen elongate, as broad as the

pterothorax, segment 7 gradually, 8 roundly, and 9 more

sharply narrowing to base of tube. Tube apparently some-

what swollen near middle, though possibly evenly narrowed

to apex, short and stout; about 0°7 the length of the head.

Apical hairs slender, dark, about 0°7 the length of the tube.

Abdominal bristles on 6 to 9 not exceptionally strong, light-

coloured, those on 9 being about 0°8 the length of the tube.

This species closely resembles C. brevicollis, differing chiefly

in its larger size, comparatively larger and narrower head,

the weaker abdominal chetotaxy, and the comparatively

shorter tube. The postocular bristles are shorter and more

slender in affints, and there are only 7 duplicated cilia in the

fore-wing.

Hab. Cryton, among cotton sent from Hettipold Exp.,

20. vi. 1913 (A. Rutherford).

I have ventured to describe this from a single crushed

example on account of the interest attached to the

geographical distribution of Cwnurothrips and the allied

genus Acallurothrips.

There are two species of Acallurothrips, viz. proturus,

Bagn., and macrurus, Bagn., each inhabiting a different

island of the Seychelles group. Of Cenurothrips we have

brevicollis, Bagn., and validus, Bagn., each inhabiting a

different island of the Seychelles group, and minor, Bagn.,

from Rodrigues, another outlying Mascarene island.

Gynaikothrips obscuripes, sp. a.

9 .—Length c. 2:0 mm., breadth of mesothorax nearly

05 mm.

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 363

Colour chestnut-brown, including tarsi ; fore-wings smoky

yellow-brown, darkest basally and almost colourless near

tip. Antennal joints 1, 7, and 8 wholly brown, 2 yellowish

apically ; 3 yellowish, lightly shaded with grey-brown dis-

tally ; 4 light brown, ill-defined yellow basally excepting

stem; 5 and 6 brown, yellowish basally.

Head short, about as broad as long. Vertex raised in

form of a hump and dorsally covering the base of antenne ;

eyes occupying about 0°35 the dorsal length of the head,

ocelli somewhat large, placed well forward, the posterior

ones situated close to the inner margins of the eyes and

the anterior one forwardly directed. Mouth-cone reaching

across prosternum. Postocular setz short and slender, only

about 07 the length of the eye. Antenne nearly twice as

long as the head, with the relative lengths of joints 3 to 8

as follows :—28 : 25 : 24: 24: 23: 13.

Pronotum very short and strongly transverse, 0°5 the

length of the head and 2°8 times as broad as long. Sete

complete, well-developed, the postero-marginal longest, the

outer pair being nearly as long as the median length of the

pronotum ; the inner postero-marginal pair and the mid-

lateral pair slightly shorter; the outer of the antero-

marginal sete about 0°5 the length and the inner pair

shortest of all.

Pterothorax broad and heavy. Wings short and broad,

reaching to the sixth abdominal segment; no duplicated

series of cilia,

Abdomen heavy, broader than the pterothorax, gradually

narrowing from segment 6 and more roundly from 8 to base

of tube. Tube about 0:7 the length of the head, about

twice as long as broad at base; sides tapering evenly to top,

where it is about 0°5 as broad as at base. Terminal hairs

colourless distally, about 0°7 as Jong as the tube ; abdominal

bristles moderately long, dusky except those on 9, which are

about 08 as long as the tube; those on 7 shorter and a

little stouter.

Distinctive on account of the “ black feet,” short head,

and very short pronotum.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. Kieyrr, Ezbst el Nakhl, gall thrips on Sunt, or

“Sant” (Acacia arabica), vi. 1909 (fF. C. Willcocks), Reg.

no. 806. A variety has the antennal joints 3 and 4 yellow

and only lightly tinged with grey-brown. Mr. Willcocks

364 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

first observed this gall thrips at Gizsh on Nov. 15, 1904,

and was kind enough to submit the excellent photograph

reproduced on Pl. IX.

' Gynaikothrips willeocksi, sp. n.

This species very closely approaches G. obscuripes, above

described. ‘The tarsi are yellowish-brown instead .of con-

colorous with the tibie, whilst the intermediate antennal

joints 3-6 are yellow and 7 yellow lightly tinged with

brown. The wings are unavailable for study in the single

prepared example.

The head is longer, being about 1°3 times as long as

broad, whilst the postocular sete are also longer, even in

relation to the larger eye, being about 0°9 the dorsal length

of the eye. The pronotum is also longer and less trans-

verse. The tube is about 0°6 as long as the head; more

rapidly narrowed towards tip in the distal third than in

obscuripes, where it is only 0:4 as broad as at base.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. Heyer, Ezbst el Nakhl (fF. C. Willcocks), Reg.

no. 306. 1 2 with above.

Table of the Genus Gigantothrips, Zimm.

1, All legs unicolorous with body. Tube 2°5

times as long’as head) .,.....55..0..s008 ... G.caudatus (Bagn.,).

Legs coloured otherwise ; tube less than twice

the length of the head -sia75.9 0% oe aie 0.) 2

2. All tibizee wholly light lemon-yellow in colour. G. tebialis, sp. n.

Hind and intermediate tibize yellow in their

distal two-fiths or thereabouts ............

3. Tube less than 1°5 times as long as the head

ES LL) a Gh a tet sted oie sis evete binant G, elegans, Zimm.

Tube about 1°8 times as longas the head .... G. gracilis (Bagn.).

Gigantothrips tibialis, sp. n.

Length 5°5 to 5°7 mm.

Colour brown (light brown in the two preparations before

me, but these may be slightly teneral) ; all tibiz and tarsi

of a light lemon-yellow, the latter with distal part light

brown. Wings colourless, with cilie lightly smoked.

Antenne pale yellowish-white, except joints 1, 2,7, and 8

which are light brown, 6 pale grey-brown in the distal half,

and 4 and 5 lightly tinged at apices.

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 365

Head gently narrowed behind eyes, from thence widening

basally and again constricted near base ; widest before neck,

where it is 0°5 as wide as long; genal spines pointed,

minute, and scattered; postocular spines colourless, very

short, stout, and knobbed, placed well back and near the

lateral margins. Eyes occupying about 0°3 the total length

of head. Antenne long and slender, about twice as long as

the head; relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 approximately

as follows :—91: 57:58:52: 30: 16.

Pronotal setz colourless, short, stout, and knobbed. Fore-

tarsus with a small broadly-seated tooth. Wing broad,

fore-wings widening before apex, with a series of 28-380

duplicated cilia.

Abdomen long and slender, gradually narrowing pos-

teriorly ; tube 1'4 times as long as the head, slender and

sparingly set with fine recumbent setz; terminal hairs

weak, only about 0°3 aslongasthe tube. Lateral abdominal

setz short, stout, and blunt or knobbed at ends.

Similar to previously described forms, but sharply dis-

tinguished by the coloration of tibie.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. Cryuon. Two examples (Nos. 82 and 88), one of

which is labelled from Careya arborea (E. E. Green).

Gigantothrips caudatus (Bagn.).

My Panurothrips caudatus is apparently referable to this

genus.

Mesothrips indicus, sp. n.

Belonging to the first division of the genus (containing

only M. parvus, Karny), wherein the head is not or scarcely

longer than broad and the tube longer than the head.

?.—Length 3°6 to 3°8 mm.

Chestnut-brown, tube black-brown ; fore-tibiz and tarsi

yellowish-brown and third antennal joint inclined to

yellowish, but almost concolorous with others in fully

coloured examples. Wings faintly clouded.

Head only about 1:1 times as long as broad; cheeks

subparallel, set with one or two minute spines, one near the

eye being most conspicuous. Eye about 0°26 the total

length of head, with space between them wide. Posterior

ocelli widely separated, situated near the inner margin of

3 66 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

the eyes; anterior ocellus forwardly directed. Postocular

bristles slender, nearly twice the length of the eye.

Antenne twice as long as the head ; jomt 3 clavate and 4

and 5 more slenderly clavate ; relative lengths of joints

3 to 8 approximately as follows :—97 : 104: 103 : 76:57: 40.

T'richomes long, curved, and slender.

Pronotum about 0°6 the length of the head and 2°3 times

as broad as long. Postero-marginal setz long, mid-lateral

moderately long, and antero-marginal short, much as in

lewisi. Fore-legs strongly developed. Pterothorax stout.

Wings heavy, about 11 times as long as broad, the fore-

wings with a series of 32-36«luplicated cilia.

Tube stout, 13 times the length of the head and 2°5 times

as long as broad at base; very strongly narrowed to tip,

where it is only 0°35 as broad as at base. Terminal hairs

weak, about one-half the length of the tube. Abdominal

bristles well-developed, slender, yellowish, those on 9 about

0:85 the length of the tube.

&d .—The male does not differ noticeably from the female.

A large and distinct species.

Hab. Invia, Thajbra, W. Dehra Dun, at the base of the

W. Himalayas, from bark of half-dead “sal,” Reg. no. 190.

Several examples, mostly ? , and also larvee.

Mesothrips lewisi, sp. 0.

Belonging to the second division of the genus, wherein

the head is much longer than broad and the tube shorter

than the head.

Length 2°6 mm.

Brown ; head, parts of pterothorax, hind and intermediate

legs (other than tarsi) very dark grey-brown ; fore-femora

yellowish-brown, darker towards the outer margin; fore-

tibiz yellow, lightly touched with brown, and all tarsi yellow.

Wings light smoky-grey. Basal antennal joints con-

colorous with head, second yellowish apically ; third clear

light yellow, fourth and fifth medianly grey-brown ; lght

yellow in the basal fourth (or thereabouts) and at apex;

6 to 8 dark brown, 6 with the basal third (or thereabouts)

light yellow.

Head long, 1:7 times as broad as long; width across eyes

about the same as cheeks, which are suddenly contracted

immediately behind the eyes and thence subparallel. Eyes

occupying in their dorsal length about 0°3 the total length of

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 367

the head ; ocelli large, placed well forward, the anterior one

directed forward at the apex of the raised vertex above a line

drawn across the distal margins of the eyes ; postocular setz

placed well back, long, being about 1:4 the length of an

eye. Cheeks sparingly set with minute spines. Mouth-cone

bluntly rounded, reaching halfway across the prosternum.

Antenne long and slender, about 1:7 times the length of

the head, segment 3 very mildly claviform and 4 and 5

fusiform ; intermediate joints well over twice as long as

broad; relative lengths of joints 3 to 8 approximately as

follows :—64: 70: 67 : 57: 50: 382.

Pronotum about twice as broad as long and half as long

as the head ; the mid-lateral and postero-marginal sete long

and well-developed, the inner pair of the latter being longer

than the outer; the outer of the antero-marginal only

moderately long, and the inner pair vestigial. Fore-legs

very strongly developed as in WM. jordani. Wing-margins

subparalle], not very stout, the fore-wing about 17 times

as long as broad, and with a series of only two or three

duplicated cilia. Abdomen elongate-ovate ; wing-retaining

spines on segments 2-7. Tube rather slender, 0°7 the

length of the head, terminal hairs about 0°8 the length and

the abdominal bristles on 9 about as long as the tube.

This species (coming near jordani, Zimm.) is readily

recognized by the slender and distinctively coloured

antenne, the shape of the head, the slender wing with

unusually short series of duplicated cilia, and the com-

paratively slender tube.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall.

Hab. Javan, Ashiya, on grass, 5. vii. 17 (J. HE. A. Lewis),

Reg. no. 295.

Mesothrips similis (Bagn.).

Syn. Phleothrips similis, Bagnall.

This species is undoubtedly referable to the genus

Mesothrips, and it would seem that Karny’s recently de-

scribed M. pyctes comes nearest to it, if it is not the same

species.

Notse.—Since the above was written, I see, from the

‘Sitzung der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse ’

368 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

for Jan. 15, 1920 (Akad. Wiss. in Wien), that Karny has

recently reported on a collection of Thysanoptera made by

Ebner in the Egyptian Sudan in 1914. Hapiothrips jun-

corum, Bagn. (originally described from Oxford), is recorded

for the first time from Africa, and five new species are

described, of which Dolichothrips giraffa and Gynaikothrips

ebneri wili probably prove to be closely allied to, if not

identical with, Dolichothrips jeanneli and Gynaikothrips

obscuripes, described herein. It is impossible to say more

than this from the brief abstracts of comparisons at my

disposal.—R. S. B.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Ix.

Galls on Acacia arabica caused by Gynaikothrips obscuripes, Bagn.

4 XLIL—Some new African Mammals,

y 82 By Martin A. C. Hinton.

5 (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

1. THe Orter oF LAKE MuTANDA.

The British Museum is indebted to Captain J. E. Philipps,

M.C., for a female otter (Lutra maculicollis) which he collected

at Lake Mutanda, British Ruanda. Several years ago Mr.

Robin Kemp obtained a young male (B.M. no. 11.12. 3.528)

from the same lake. These specimens, together with a male

(B.M. no. 4. 2. 6.54) from Kazinza, Uganda, collected by

Mr. W. G. Doggett, differ from the various subspecies of

maculicolli’s, hitherto recognized, by their small size, and

especially by their small teeth. They evidently should be

regarded as belonging to a distinct subspecies, which may be

described as

Lutra maculicollis mutande, subsp. n.

Like true maculicollis in outward appearance, but size

smaller (smallest of the group, so far as is known).

Skull with brain-case a little more depressed, its height in

adults equal to 37°4-39 per cent. of the basal length, the

corresponding percentage in the other subspecies ranging

between 39°7 and 42:7. Teeth small, as shown by the

following comparative measurements in millimetres :—

some new African Mammals. 369

| A Be. 1

r= & o =

‘Ss g s a |

Sp = a s 5 =

S 3 +S) a= s ro gs

2 NP Ae = a0

fo agiagi| s = a=

a se| &S 3 =e peak

EI SA an Naar = = = oo

jaa) = an _ oO RY

Lutra maculicollis mutande.

| Usandas Adulto... 95°5 62*7 | 372 | 18°7 | 306) 155

| Lake Mutanda. Juv. g ..| 915 61°9 |} 3888 | 162) 29-7 | 15%

r - Ad.@,type.) 87+ 76) 326] 15°7 | 28:6 | 14:7

LI. m. maculicollis.

| Of six: maximum ........ 97 568 | 41:1 | 17:°9 | 32°5 | 18-2

WAPI, ssp ea ¢ 92 51:8 | 373 | 155 | 306 | 16:3

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 20.10. 21. 2. Collected

at Lake Mutanda in 1920, and presented to the British

Museum by Captain J. E. Philipps, M.C.

flab. British Ruanda, ranging eastwards into Uganda.

2. THE SPECIES OF Uravomys INHABITING NYASALAND.

Among some mammals collected by Dr. J. M. Gericke in

the extreme north-western portion of Nyasaland, which have

been sent to us by Dr. Peringuey, of the South African

Museum, for identification, are two specimens of the rare

genus Uranomys. As was to be expected, these proved to

belong to a new species, no member of the genus having been

recorded hitherto from the country. After the description

given below was written we received a specimen collected by

Mr. R. @ Woed in Southern Nyasaland, and this in turn

proves to be distinct from its ally in the north-west.

Uranomys woodi, sp. n.

A large species, most like U. ruddi in appearance, but

rather lighter in colour.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 25

370 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on

Size slightly larger than in ruddi, but tail considerably and

hind foot slightly shorter. Fur long and crisp as usual ;

scales of tail 13 in 10 mm.

General colour of upper parts near olive-brown, the top of

the head and mid-dorsal region lacking the dusky suffusion

seen in ruddi, brightening on flanks to a clear buffy brown.

Underparts dirty white, with the Lophuromys-like appearance

characteristic of all the species of the genus. Mamme

3—3=12.

Skull most like that of ruddi, but distinctly larger. Inter-

orbital region apparently broader, the temporal ridges being

straight instead of curved and less abruptly convergent ante-

riorly. Zygomatic plate a little wider, the upper part of its

anterior border thrown rather more boldly forwards.

Measurements of type taken in flesh by collector (those of ruddi added

in parentheses):—Head and body 134 (118) mm.; tail 69 (77); hind

foot 18°3 (19) ; ear 17°65 (15).

Skull-measurements (those of rwddi in parentheses): condylo-basal

length 30:1 (28-7); occipito-nasal length 27 (25:1) ; zygomatic breadth

15:8 (15°4) ; interorbital constriction 5°38 (5:1) ; cranial width 12-2 (12°6) ;

median occipital depth 7°8 (81); condyle to m.* 14:1 (13°7); anterior

palatal foramina 7°5 (7:7); nasals 10-633 (10x3°3); dental length

16:2 (15°6) ; cheek-tooth on crowns 5 (4°38).

Hab. 8. Nyasaland.

Type. An old female, with cheek-teeth greatly worn.

B.M. no. 21. 2.16.1. Original number 280. Collected

Oct. 27, 1917, at Cholo, Nyasaland (altitude 2700’), by

Mr. Rodney C. Wood. Caught “in hole of mole-rat on

wooded hills.”

I have great pleasure in naming this interesting species in

honour of Mr. R. C. Wood, who has made a very beautiful

collection of the small mammals of Nyasaland. U. wood is

quite closely related to U.ruddt, the original species described

by Dollman from Mount Elgon. It is, however, clearly

differentiated from ruddi by its shorter tail, lighter colour,

and the peculiar form of the anterior part of the brain-case.

From the species next described it is widely different.

Mr. Wood deserves credit for first observing the mammary

formula, not hitherto determined in this genus; his count of

3—3 = 12 is confirmed by the skin.

Uranomys tenebrosus, sp. n.

An unusually dark species, with large cheek-teeth.

Fur long, dense: and crisp as in other species; general

appearance much like that of a Lophuromys. Colour of upper

surface very dark, about “olivaceous black” of Ridgway

some new African Mammals, 371

along mid-dorsum, peppered by the bright orange-buff sub-

terminal bands of the hairs towards the flanks. On the lower

flanks the dusky hair-tips become shorter and the bright

buff colour more conspicuous. Under surface washed with

pinkish buff. Ears dusky. Hands and feet dirty white.

Tail, as in UJ. owent, rather finely scaled, 15 seales in a

distance of 10 mm., instead of 12 to 13 scales in 10 mm., as

in ruddi, foxi, and woodt.

Skull normal, considerably smaller than that of woodi and

lacking the peculiarities in form of the interorbital region

seen in the latter species ; not essentially different from that

of the W.-African oweni in form. Cheek-teeth very large,

relatively larger than in any species previously described,

their absolute size almost as great as in the much larger

species U. woodi and considerably greater than in ruddt.

The molar pattern of this genus has not been noted hitherto,

because the teeth in most of the few specimens described have

been too far worn to make out the cusps. But the two

specimens upon which the present species is based and those

from which Mr. Thomas described UJ. owent show that the

molar structure in this genus is essentially as in Acomys.

No measurements were taken in the flesh by the collector, but after

relaxing the hind feet of the skins they were found to measure 16°5 mm.

Skull-measurements of type (and of second specimen in parentheses) :

condylo-basal length 25-9 (26) ; occipito-nasal length 23°6 (28-6) ; zygo-

matic breadth 13°6 (13°8); interorbital constriction 4°9 (4°8); cranial

width 11:1 (11°8); median occipital depth 7:5 (7:5); condyle to m.°

11°5 (12:1); anterior palatal foramina 7°] (71) ; nasals 8°7 x 2°8 (8°8 x8) ;

dental length 14:5 (14°4); cheek-teeth on crowns 4°8 (48).

Type. An adult. B.M. no. 21. 2.17.1. Original number

15791. Collected by Dr. Gericke at N’sana, N.W. Nyasa-

land ; presented to the British Museum by the South African

Museum, Cape Town. One other specimen (S.A. Museum

no. 15792) obtained by Dr. Gericke at Kachenzi, N.W.

Nyasaland, also examined.

Hab. N.W. Nyasaland.

This species differs widely from U. wovdi, the species

inhabiting S. Nyasaland, and seems to be most nearly

related to U. owent described from French Guinea. Its

exceptionally dark colour and large cheek-teeth are its chief

peculiarities. I am much indebted to Dr. Peringuey for

permitting me to describe so interesting an animal.

Before quitting the subject of Uranomys, I should like to

add that independently I have come to much the same con-

clusion as to the affinities of the genus as did Mr. Thomas *.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 482 (1910).

372 On some new African Mammals.

Palate, structure of brain-case, temporal ridges, and molar

forms prove that Uranomys is more closely allied to Acomys

than to any other Murine genus. The crispness of the fur

suggests the first stage towards the development of the spines

so characteristic of the pelage of normal species of Acomys.

But the marked straightening or pro-odonty of the incisors

in Uranomys is a specialization in a direction unknown

within the genus Acomys. The high mammary formula

8—3=12, instead of 1—2=6 as in Acomys, is also a well-

marked generic peculiarity.

3. A NEW BLESMOL FROM ANGOLA.

The large and valuable donation of Angolan mammals,

which the Museum owes to the enterprise and generosity

of Mr. Gilbert Blaine, includes a very interesting blesmol.

This specimen, obtained in Central Angola by Mr. Blaine,

represents a species hitherto unknown. While offering a

general resemblance to Cryptomys mechow?, Peters, the new |

animal differs from mechow? and from all other species yet

described by its exceptionally large size. It may be called,

in honour of its discoverer,

Cryptomys blainet, sp. n.

Like C. mechow? externally, but far larger.

Size largest of the genus, the hind-foot measurement

51 mm. instead of about 40, and the greatest skull-length 64

instead of 58.

Colour not distinguishable from that of C. mechowi (as

represented by practically topotypical specimens from Duque

de Braganca), much greyer and less yellow than in ansorge?.

As in other species, there are two large patches of deeply

discoloured fur—one on each side of the chin and throat

below the mandible.

Skull distinguished from those of all other species by its

great size, and the unusually acute angle (with reference to

the median, sagittal, vertical plane of the skull) at which the

cheek-teeth are set in the maxilla. The interorbital region

and posterior part of the nasals are badly injured in the type,

but, so far as one can judge, the postorbital region resembles

that of mechow?, lacking the curious inflation so characteristic

of ansorget and melland?. ‘The muzzle is about intermediate

in form between that of ansorget and that of mellandi; in

ansorgei the diastema is equal in length to the distance

between the condyle and the posterior cheek-tooth, in blaine

and mechowi it is shorter, equal to a little less than the

On new Species of Pselliophora. 373

distance between the condyle and the base of the upper

incisor, while in mellandi it is still shorter, equal to no more

than the distance between the condyle and the posterior edge

of the postdental palate. Hinder edges of anterior palatal

foramina distinctly in advance of tooth-rows, the latter being

parallel to each other, b/ained in both respects resembling

ansorget. In mellandi the tooth-rows are divergent ante-

riorly, while in meehow? they are divergent posteriorly.

Cheek-teeth remarkable only for their large size, the ante-

rior three above occupying as great a length as the whole

tooth-row in other species of the group.

Skull-measurements in millimetres.

mechowtr, | anson get.

blainet, '

type. gr 5 MOH, of u's 59

130 | 126 3 74

P. 3:

Condylo-basal length .......... 64:3 52 53°5 54:7 58

Occipito-nasal length .......... 579 48 47°7 a 53°7

Zygomatic breadth ..........-. 479 38:1 39'5 38'8 43°4

Gecipital width yy. ecko o4 sisi 29°5 25°8 25 25'8 27°5

» depth (median) ...... 18°4 16 16:2 a 18

Cantyie toa... 2 oR TS. 25°7 21 21°7 22°4 22'5

imastomay)): 9. dad ienhawics ».. 21:3 17:8 17'8 17°53 216

Cheek-teeth (alveolar).......... 12-4 9 9°5 9°8 9°3

a (at grinding surface),| 10°6 85 9 9 84+

Dimensions of type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 251 mm.; tail 27; hind foot 51.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 20.4.27.1. Original num-

ber 2. Collected at Chisongwe, Luando River (altitude

4000’), Nov. 14, 1919, and presented to the British Museum

by Mr. Gilbert Blaine.

Hab. Central Angola.

XLITI.— Seven new Species of Pselliophora (Diptera,

Tipulide). By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE types of the species described below are in the British

Museum, except that of P. reversa, which is in the Oxford

Museum.

374 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

Pselliophora nigribasis, sp. n.

Head and its appendages orange, only the last joint of the

palpi, the tip of the last joint of the antennee, and the sides of

the rostrum blackish. Flagellar joints close-set, more convex

below than above; first flagellar joint slightly longer than

the first scapal. Thoraa orange above ; a spot on the front

of the preescutum and another on the tip of the scutellum, also

the whole postnotum blackish. Pleurze blackish, an orange

spot on the pteropleura. Abdomen with segments 1-3 and

7-9 mainly black, 4-6 entirely orange; 2 with basal lateral

orange spots, 3 with a basal orange band, broadest in the

middle. Legs with the coxe, trochanters, and bases of femora

blackish, the black more extensive on the middle and hind

femora, and reaching to nearly the middle; tips of tibize and

metatarsi, and whole of last four tarsal joints blackish ;

remainder of legs orange; no ‘trace of white tibial rings.

Wings orange-yellow ; the whole tip from the cord outwards .

blackish ; base also blackish, also nearly the whole of cells_

Cuz, An, and Aw; a blackish streak above Cu for the whole

of its length (including the branches); another shorter

blackish streak above apical part of M. Rs not spurred;

cell I, rather broadly sessile; cells Ou, and Cu, of equal

width on margin ; m—cw punctiform. Halteres blackish.

Length of body 20 mm.; wing 17x5 mm.

SIKKIM: Ataran Valley (Col. C. T. Bingham); 1 2 (type).

A second female from the Runjitt Valley, iv. 1894 (Col.

Bingham), is rather smaller, and shows no dark streaks

above M and Cu, but is certainly conspecific. The colour of

the femora will at once distinguish it from all other described

species. (Brunetti mistakenly attributes a similar coloration

to P. insignis, Meij.)

Pselliophora reversa, sp. n.

Head dull reddish orange, under surface and sides of

rostrum dark brown. Palpi with the basal joints brown,

terminal joint blackish. Antenne with the scape orange,

flagellum entirely black ; first flagellar joint slightly shorter

than the first scapal. Thorax mostly dull reddish orange

above; pronotum with two large blackish spots; preescutum

with a black area on the front margin, connected by an ill-

defined dark line, with a smaller black area just in front of

the suture ; scutum, scutellum, and postnotum mainly black ;

pleura entirely black. Abdomen dull black; last segment

shining black; segments 4 and 5 reddish orange. Legs

new Species of Pselliophora. 375

coloured much as in P. nigribasis, but the black on the

middle femora extends to two-thirds and on the hind femora

to five-sixths of their. length. Wings entirely black, except

for a small transparent streak in cell An. Rs with a trace

of a spur; venation otherwise like P. nigribasis. Halteres

black.

Length of body 20 mm. ; wing 16°5 x 5°5 mm.

BuRMAH (Cutter, 1868); 1 2.

Comparable only with P. nigribasis.

Pselliophora binghami, sp. n.

Head dull orange ; last joint of palpi and flagellum of

antenne entirely black. First flagellar joint as long as first

scapal ; remaining flagellar joints close-set, convex beneath.

Thorax uniformly orange, slightly shining. Abdomen orange;

first segment black except at base and tip ; second, third, and

sixth with velvet-black apical bands; 7 and 8 velvet-black ;

9 shining black. Legs black; cox and trochanters orange ;

basal two-thirds of front femora and underside of middle

femora brownish orange ; all tibiee with distinct white basal

rings, those on the hind tibize quite broad. Wings pale

yellowish, theveins all dark brown; tip from the cord outwards

dark brown, leaving the base of the discal cell and nearly the

whole of cell 1; of the yellowish ground-colour ; hind margin

(except in cell Cu,) slightly darkened. Rs not spurred ; cell

M, rather broadly sessile ; cell Cu, nearly twice as broad as

cell Cu, on margin ; m-cu punctiform. Halteres black.

Length of body 16 mm. ; wing 14x 4 mm. ;

BurRMAH: no exact data (Col. C. T. Bingham); 1 ?.

Apparently nearly allied to P. ésshikii (Matsumura), but

quite distinct.

Pselliophora ophionea, sp. n.

Whole body deep dull orange, excepting only the pectina-

tions of the antenne, tlie tips of the lobes of the ninth tergite,

the tibiee and tarsi, and the tips of the femora, all of which

are black. Hind tibise with a very distinct pale ring close to

base. Wings with membrane and veins orange, of a rather

lighter shade than the body ; costa blackish except towards

the base; a rather broad fuscous streak extending from just

below the orange stigma obliquely to the hind margin at the

tip of Cu, ; from this point to the base of the wing the hind

margin is rather broadly fuscous. Pubescence of hind femora

moderate, uniform. Hypopygium with the ninth tergite

376 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

deeply bilobed, the lobes triangular, with blackened edges

and short pubescence. Highthsternitesimple. Ninth sternite

divided apically into five parts—a pair of pubescent upper

lobes, then a pair of bare intermediate lobes each ending in

an upwardly pointing spine, finally a bare, internally grooved,

bluntly pointed ventral lobe. Claspers hidden.

Length of body about 13 mm.; wing 17 x 5°5 mm.

Sarawak: Mt. Matang, 1000 ft., 22.1.1914 (G. #£.

Bryant); 1 3.

This very distinct species needs comparison with no othier.

Pselliophora stigmosa, sp. n.

Head orange. Palpi orange, the tip of the last joint

darkened. Antenne with orange shaft and black pectinations.

Thorax entirely orange. Abdomen orange, becoming more

brownish posteriorly. Hypopygium with the ninth tergite

deeply bilobed, the lobes clothed basally with long orange

pubescence, and drawn out into two long black points.

Kighth sternite with a narrow and rather deep emargination,

clothed with rather long orange-brown pubescence. Ninth

sternite with a pair of elongate, pointed, hairy upper lobes,

blackened towards their tips; ventral lobe emarginate

apically, with a double groove. Claspers black, square-

ended. Legs orange, tibize, tarsi, and tips of femora black ;

hind tibiz with a narrow but distinct yellow ring at the base ;

traces of similar rings on the other tibie. Pubescenee of

hind femora moderate, uniform. Wings orange; tip black

from the cord outwards, including almost the whole of cell

Cu,; a blackish blotch surrounding Rs except at base and

tip; M broadly margined with black except towards base ;

eells Cuz, An, and Ax mostly blackish except towards base.

On the hind margin of the wing at the extreme base is a

small patch of densely crowded short, stiff, black sete, facing

a similar patch on the alula, and preceded on the wing-margin

by a tuft of longish yellow hair. Rs gently curved ; cell dd,

just sessile ; cell Cu, narrower at apex than cell Cu, Hal-

teres orange.

Length of body about 12 mm.; wing 12 x 3°38 mm.

N. Inpo-Cu1na: Ban Son Mon, 23. x. 1914 (2. V. de

Salvaza); 1 3.

This species has much resemblance to P. ardens, Wied.,

but differs in many details. ‘lhe peculiar patch of bristles at

the base of the wing is no doubt a sexual character. Jt occurs

also in the male of P. incunctans, Walk., but not in the

female.

new Species of Pselliophora. 377

Pselliophora quadrivittata, sp. n.

Head orange, with a short orange pubescence. Palpi

orange, the last joint black. Antenne orange, the flagellum

black on the underside, the last joint or two being entirely

black. First flagellar joint quite twice as long as the second,

and a little longer than the first scapal; flagellar joints

rounded beneath. Thorax brownish orange ; preescutum

with four distinct black stripes; scutum with two broad

black stripes. Abdomen brownish orange ; an irregular dark

brown median dorsal stripe on segments 1-3 ; segments 7-9

entirely blackish. Legs stout, brownish ochreous ; tarsi and

hind tibize darker ; tips of front and middle femora darkened

above ; hind femora with a black apical ring; hind tibize

with a narrow but distinct whitish subbasal ring. Wings

yellowish ; veins dark brown, except Sc, R, and Ry, which

are yellowish. Stigma dark brown; a dark brown cloud

beneath it extending across bases of cells R3, Rs, and M,,

darkest where it crosses the veins; tip of discal cell and base

of Cua also slightly clouded with brown. Rs curved, nearly

three times as long as R,,3; cell M, sessile; cell Cu, rather

short, of the same breadth at the marginascell Cu,. Halteres

orange, base of knob darkened above.

Length of body 18 mm.; wing 17X5°5 mm.

N. Cina: purchased from Stevens, 1852; 1 2.

Perhaps most nearly allied to P. stigmatica, Meij., from

Java.

Pselliophora gracilicornis, sp. 0.

Head shining dark brown above, practically bare; sides,

under surface, and face pale whitish yellow, with short black

hair. Palpi light brownish, terminal joint darker. Antennz

more than twice as long as the thorax. First scapal joint

swollen, pale yellow, clothed beneath with long black hair.

Flagellar joints dark brown, their tips rather broadly and

conspicuously yellowish. First flagellar jomt nearly twice

as long as the first scapal, slender and cylindrical, with

the usual triangular ventral enlargement beyond the middle.

Thorax: pronotum dull orange ; propleure dull blackish.

Mesonotum shining, bare; ground-colour yellowish, pre-

scutum with three broad blackish stripes, the lateral ones

extending on to and occupying nearly the whole of the

scutum. Scutellum orange-yellow. Postnotum dark, with

yellowish markings, both it and the scutellum with some

dark hair. Mesopleuree pale whitish yellow, with dark brown

markings. Abdomen orange-yellow ; segments 1 and 2 with

378 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

narrow black apical bands; tergites 6 and 7 and sternite 8

black; sternites 6 and 7 with a black mid-ventral line.

Hypopygium yellowish, black at the tip and along the edges

of the deep groove of the ninth sternite. Highth sternite

simple. Ninth sternite complicated, its structure not readily

discernible ; in the mid-ventral line it terminates in a black

projection, backwardly directed, bifid at the tip, and deeply

grooved beneath. Ninth tergite with a rather shallow

V-shaped emargination. Legs: front and middle coxe

whitish yellow, hind coxe orange-yellow. Femora slender,

slightly enlarged at the tips, brownish, with black pubes-

cence, which is somewhat longer on the inner and under side

of the hind femora. Tibize blackish, with distinct white

rings at the base. Tarsi blackish. Wings strongly brown-

tinged, the stigma darker; a rather indistinct whitish band

before the stigma extending from near the costa across to the

base of the discal cell ; whitish streaks in the centres of cells

R, M, Cu, Cug, An, and Ax. Rs very little longer than

Ro,3, nearly straight. Cell Jf stalked, the stalk nearly a

third as long as the cell. Cell Cu, rather long, of the same

breadth on the wing-margin as cell Cu. Halteres blackish,

the apical half of the knob white.

Length of body 12 mm.; antenne 7 mm.; wing 11x

3°38 mm.

AssaM: Khasi Hills (purchased from KE. Heyne) ; 1 ¢.

This species is very distinct from all others in the British

Museum on account of the length and slenderness of the

antennze, shown particularly in the first flagellar joint. It is

probably closely allied to P. flavofasciata, Brun., while the

distinct stalk to cell M, and the slender hind femora may

indicate a distant connection with P. deta, F., and P. tapro-

banes, Walk.

XLIV.— Two remarkable new Ruteline Beetles from

Indo-China. By Gitpert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate X.]:

THE very remarkable group of Ruteline the males of which

have the mandibles greatly developed, as in the stag-beetles,

appears to have its headquarters in Indo-China, whence a

large proportion of the known species have been brought.

Ruteline Beetles from Indo-China. 379

The genus Peperonota, belonging to the group, has not

enlarged mandibles, but the male has instead an extraordinary

prolongation of the hind margin of the pronotum. In a

second species of Didrepanephorus here recorded there is

a strange backward-pointing spike upon the metasternum, in

addition to the sickle-like mandibles. This is certainly also

a feature peculiar to the male. On the other hand, I described

in 1889 a species of the related genus Parastasia (P. mirabilis)

in which the female is characterized by the possession of a

sternal process absent in the male. This is also the case, in

a less marked degree, in P. sulcipennis, Gestro.

Both the insects here described have been discovered by

M. R. Vitalis de Salvaza. The types are in the British

Museum, which is indebted to this collector for so many

interesting species from the same region.

Didrepanephorus mucronatus, sp. 0.

(Pl. X. fig. 2.)

Ferrugineus, capite et mandibulis nigris; breviter ovatus, totus

fulvo-velutinus, scutello et elytrorum partibus posticis brunneis,

horum margine apicali pallido: ¢, mandibulis porrectis, falcatis,

extrorsum et sursum versus arcuatis, supra dente basali lato,

apice acuto et curvato, munitis; pronoto dorso utrinque peni-

cillato, lateribus medio fortiter ‘angulatis, angulisque posticis

paulo productis; metasterni medio mucro compresso oblique

retrorsum producto munito ; pedibus robustis.

Long. (mandibulis exclusis) 21 mm.; lat. 11 mm.

Indo-China: Laos (Rf. Vitalis de Salvaza, May).

I have seen only a single male specimen. ‘The most

striking differential feature of the species is the strong pointed

process directed obliquely backward from the middle of the

metasternum near its hind margin. This is represented in

D. bifaleifer (Pl. X. fig. 1) by a very slight longitudinal keel,

which is absent in the female, so that the remarkable spike

of the present insect is no doubt peculiar to the male. It also

differs from D. bifaleifer in the stronger and more uniform

curvature of the mandibles, which, although shorter in the

type-specimen than in that of the allied form, have a larger

tooth near the base. In addition, the eyes are rather larger,

the prothorax is more strongly angulated on each side, and

both the front and hind angles are sharper. The thick

velvety pile with which the body is clothed above is much

longer on each side of the middle of the pronotum, where

erect tufts are formed. The scutellum and elytra are clothed

380 On new Ruteline Beetles from Indo-China.

with soft pile, a little darker upon the former and towards

the end of the latter, and paler at the hind margins of the

elytra, exactly as in the other species, but the elytra are a

little more strongly punctured and the pygidium and lower

surface are rather less thickly pubescent. The legs are

stouter, the hind tibia in particular distinctly broader, and

the middle and hind tarsi have the four basal joints shorter

and the claw-joint longer. The mandibles are curved out-

wards as well as upwards, forming a crescent when opened,

and taper more evenly from base to tip. The upper edge

bears at the base a laminar tooth larger than that of D. bi-

falcifer, broad at the base, a little curved and acutely pointed.

Peperonota vitalisi, sp. n.

(Pl. X. fig. 4.)

Brunnea, capite areaque scutellari nigris, pronoto femoribusque

plerumque fulvis, compacta, convexa, corpore supra nudo, subtus

fulvo-setoso ;

3, capite grosse punctato-rugoso, a fronte sulco transverso diviso,

margine antico sat late reflexo, pestice mutico, pronoto polito,

minute et sparse punctato, parte posteriore medio longe producta ;

elytris opacis, parte brevi cireumscutellari depressa, nitida,

grosse punctata, segmento penultimo ventrali postice latitudine

toto carinato :

9 , corpore supra nitido, clypeo bidentato, scutello triangulari, haud

brevi, bene punctato, elytrorum margine laterali post medium

calloso, pygidio levi, opaco, subtiliter coriaceo.

Long. 17-24 mm.; lat. 10-13 mm.

Indo-China: Upper Mekong R., Nam Mat (A. Vitalis de

Salvaza, April). i

In 1917 I described a second species of this remarkable

genus (P. cristata) from Burma. The Indo-Chinese form

proves to be yet another closely related species. In size,

colouring, and general appearance it is exactly like P. harring-

toni, Westwood (from Sikkim, etc.) (Pl. X. fig. 3), but the

depressed area adjoining the scutellum in the male is shorter,

as in P. cristata, the clypeus is a little larger, its tip is more

broadly elevated than in P. harringtoni, the two posterior

tubercles of that species are entirely absent, leaving only a

transverse impression, and the forehead behind the latter is

more rugose. The emargination of the last ventral segment

in the same sex is less strongly asymmetrical, and the pen-

On new Foxes from Northern Argentina. 381

ultimate segment has its entire hinder edge carinate, but is

without the sharply limited short carina found in the other

two species.

The female is like that of the typical species, except that

the elytra are rather more shining and have a well-marked

callosity beyond the middle of the outer margin, the scutellum

is a little longer, more pointed, and more punctured, and the

pygidium is more even and very finely coriaceous, like the

last ventral segment.

The colouring is no doubt rather variable in this species,

as in P, harringtont. Several specimens have been sent by

the discoverer.

XLV. — New Fowes of the Genera Cerdocyon and

Pseudalopex from Northern Argentina. -By OLDFIELD

‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the course of his explorations Sr. Budin has sent home

seven foxes from Northern Argentina, four being members

of Cerdocyon and three of Pseudalopee. The former are

referable to two definable forms—both new,—respectively

from Tucuman and Jujuy, while of the latter two specimens

are the comimon P. gracilis, Burm., while a little fox trom

Chumbicha, Catamarca, seems again to represent a new

species.

The following cranial differences between Cerdocyon and

Pseudalopex may be worth mentioning here :—

If the lower jaw be put in position, the premolars, upper

and lower, closely touch or overlap in Cerdocyon, but in

Pseudalopex they remain always some distance apart.

On laying the skulls on a flat surface, jaw in position, that

of Cerdocyon stands with the tooth-row horizontal, and the

back of the skull as well as the mandibular angle high off the

supporting surface ; but that of Psewdalopex lies backwards,

the tooth-row at a considerable angle with the horizon, the

bullee and condyles nearly, and the mandibular angle quite,

touching the support.

382 Mr. O. Thomas on new

Cerdocyon tucumanus, sp. 0.

Allied to the large C. mimaz, but lighter-coloured throughout.

Size practically as in mimaz, therefore larger than in

brasiliensis. General colour above clear grizzled grey, with

less fulvous or clay-coloured suffusion than in mimaz. Under

surface lighter throughout, the chin brown instead of black,

the throat whitish, succeeded by a pale instead of dark brown

band ; chest white, belly soiled whitish instead of the strong

clay-colour of mimax ; inguinal region white. Back of ears

dull clay-colour instead of black. Hands and feet brown

grizzled with white, instead of being almost wholly black.

‘Tail very bushy, the light ends and subterminal bands of the

hairs conspicuously whitish, in marked contrast to the sordid

clay-colour found in mimaw.

Skull very similar to that of mimaz, though a little smaller,

but still decidedly greater in length than that of brasiliensis

and the other species. Nasals surpassing the premaxilla

posteriorly, falling short of them in the one specimen of

mimax. Bulle comparatively large.

Molars large, about as in mémaz, larger than in brasiliensis.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 632 mm.; tail 340; hind foot 14];

ear 74. i

Skull: greatest length 145; condylo-basal length 143;

zygomatic breadth 78; nasals on middle line 48 ; interorbital

breadth 26 ; intertemporal breadth 31; postorbital process to

deltoid ridge 66; breadth of brain-case 47 ; palatal length 70.

f* on outer edge 13 ; combined length of m! and m? 19°5 ;

greatest diameter of m! 14.

Hab. Neighbourhood of Tucuman. Type from Vipos,

alt. 500 m. Another specimen from Tapia.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 21.1.5. 29. Original

number 1203. Collected 11th October, 1920, by E. Budin.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Readily distinguishable from other forms of Cerdocyon by

its light under surface and more whitish tail.

Cerdocyon thous jucundus, subsp. n.

Coloured like C. ¢. brasiliensis, but skull shorter, stouter,

and heavier,

External appearance very much as in brasiliensis, the colour

consequently darker than in é¢ucumanus. Under surface

Foxes from Northern Argentina. 383

soiled drabby, quite as in average brasiliensis, the throat,

chest, and inguinal region lighter, but not white ; chin

grizzled smoky, not black. Back of ears dull brownish clay-

colour, not blackened terminally. Hands dark grizzled

brown, a blacker patch on the metacarpus; feet blackish,

with a fulvous suffusion proximally. Inner side of hind

limbs clay-colour. Tail as in brasiliensis, with a buffy tinge

on the lighter parts of the hairs.

Skull peculiarly short, stout, and heavily built, the inter-

orbital region very broad and much swollen. Bullee rather

small. ‘Teeth stout.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 635. mm.; tail 290; hind foot 130;

ear 70.

Skull: greatest length 123; condylo-basal length 129 ;

zygomatic breadth 76°5; nasals on middle line 45; inter-

orbital breadth 28:5; intertemporal breadth 35; postorbital

process to deltoid ridge 60; breadth of brain-case 47 ; height

of crown from middle of pterygoid 42; palatal length 63.

P* on outer edge 12; combined length of m! and m? 16°5;

greatest diameter of m* 12°7.

Hab. Sierra de Santa Barbara, Eastern Jujuy. Type from

Sunchal, alt. 1000 m. Another specimen from San Rafael,

same altitude.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 21.1.1. 2. Original num-

ber 1036. Collected 15th July, 1920, by E. Budin. Pre-

sented by Oldfield Thomas.

With the exception of the comparatively pale long-skulled

C. tueumanus no Cerdocyon has been described from anywhere

near this region, the nearest localities for C. brasiliensis being

over 800 miles to the eastwards.

The unusually short, stout, inflated skull, with broad inter-

orbital region, would seem to distinguish this Thous from any

described form. Both skull and colour readily separate it

from its neighbour C. tucumanus.

Pseudalopex zorrula, sp. n.

External appearance very much as in P. gracilis, but size

much less.

Coloration quite as in gracilis, that of the type matching

some of the more reddish-suffused specimens of that animal.

Head, neck, backs of ears, and fore limbs strong ochraceous

tawny. Back with the usual black and white grizzling, with

ochraceous underfur. Under surface more or less smoky

384 On new Foxes from Northern Argentina.

greyish, tinged with buffy, chest and inguinal region whiter.

The usual blackish chin-patch present, but not very strongly

contrasted. Hind feet whitish, tinged with ochraceous

externally. Tail as in gracilis.

Skull conspicuously smaller than in gracilis, with shorter

muzzle and more globose brain-case. Nasals short, but as

broad as in gracilis, Interorbital region broad, with sharply

defined pointed postorbital processes, the concavity behind

which is short and angular. Top of brain-case with a large

lyrate intermuscular area, much larger than in similarly aged

specimens of gracilis. Bulle small.

Teeth as in gracilis, but smaller throughout.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 670 mm.; tail 310; hind foot 110;

ear 72.

Skull (those of an adult female gracilis in brackets) :

greatest length 115 (132); condylo-basal length 110 5 (128) ;

zygomatic breadth 64 (63); orbit to tip of muzzle 46°5 (56:3) ;

nasals 36 (44) ; interorbital space 22 (24) ; tip to tip of post-

orbital processes 34°7 (32) ; intertemporal breadth 28°3 (25°3) ;

breadth of brain-case 43°7 (44) ; breadth of lyrate area on

crown 27 (17) ; palatal length 58 (67) ; breadth between

outer corners of m* 34 (386); p*, length on outer edge 10°5

(11:3) ; combined length of p* and two molars 23°7 (24).

Hab. Chumbicha, Catamarea. Alt. 500 m.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 18.11.11. 85. Original

number 385, Collected 30th September, 1918, by HE. Budin.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This fox, though externally similar to P. graczlis, has so

very much smaller a skull that it should apparently be specifi-

cally distinguished. The short muzzle, the broad inter-

orbital region with sharply defined postorbital processes, and

the large lyrate intermuscular area on the crown all seem to

indicate that it is distinct from the older-known species.

Specimens of P. gracilis are in the Museum from

Tucuman (Vipos and Tapia), Cordova (Cruz del Eje), and

Mendoza (Palmeira)—practically the type-locality. Further

south foxes from Pilcafieu and the Valle de Lago Blanco,

Chubut, represent P. grisea, a form from which P. gracilis

is really most doubtfully distinguishable, as .are also the

“Chilla” foxes from west of the Andes. Perhaps gracilis

should be treated as a subspecies of grisea, but, in any case,

the fox with the peculiar small skull now deseribed would

seem to need a special name.

It is impossible to make any satisfactory identification of

Bibliographical Notices, 385

the various foxes described by Philippi*, but most, if not all,

of them would seem to have been the large Chilian fox

(Pseudalopex culpea) of different ages and sexes. It has

been asserted—whether rightly or wrongly—that the owners

of a farm near Santiago amused themselves by sending in to

the aged Director of the Museum speciinens of their local fox,

which they labelled with various fictitious localities in distant

parts of Chili, and that these became the bases of many of

Philippi’s species.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

British Mammals. Written and Illustrated by A. Taorsorn, F.Z.S.

With 50 Plates in Colour and Pen-and-ink Sketches in the Text.

In Two Volumes. Vol. I. Longmans, Green, and Co. London,

1920.

Mr. Tsorsurn and his publishers are to be congratulated on

producing what is, perhaps, the most beautifully illustrated work on

British Mammals which has ever appeared. ‘The first: volume, now

before us, deals with the Chiroptera, Insectivora, and Carnivora,

and just enters upon the Rodentia by giving accounts of the

squirrel aud dormouse.

The plates form the chief and most valuable feature of the book.

Taken as a whole, they are remarkable for their good drawing and

for their superb and faithful colouring. Many of them, indeed,

are of exquisite beauty. The pictures of the pine-martin, pole-cat,

fox, seals, and, above all, of the mole are especially attractive.

That of the wild-cat is excellent as regards colour, but the reviewer

cannot decide whether he likes the pose chosen or not—the figure

looks a little too like that of a domestic kitten at play. The

attitudes of the shrews are also not quite convincing; and the

drawings of the bats, though very artistic, leave something to be

desired us regards detail. In the latter case, no doubt, the difficulty

of procuring living material of many species has seriously handi-

capped the artist.

The text naturally is of minor importance. It is, however, quite

adequate for its main purpose of linking together and giving point

to the beautiful pictures, which form the real contents of the book.

It is attractively written, and will no doubt stimulate those younger

naturalists fortunate enough to command the service of such a

* Arch. f. Nat. 1903, p. 1565 et seqq.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 26

386 Bibliographical Notices.

sumptuous guide to the mammals of their country. We would

suggest, however, to Mr. Thorburn that he should consult a syste-

matist with regard to nomenclature: the continued use of such

archaic generic names as “‘Vesperugo” is to be deprecated.

The Natural History of South Africa— Mammals. In Four

Volumes. By F. W. Frrzsimons, F.Z.S. &c., Director, Port

Elizabeth Museum. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 8vo.

Vol. 1 (xiv+178), 2 (xi+194), 1919; 3 (xili+278), 4 (xix+

271), 1920.

Mr. Frrzstmons is the fortunate possessor of a sound first-hand

field-knowledge of the fauna of South Africa. He has great powers

of shrewd observation, and is gifted with a very pleasing style.

In these first four volumes of his Natural History he gives an

excellent and most refreshing account of the habits, life-histories,

and economic importance of the mammals of South Africa. While,

from the standpoint of the pure systematist, these volumes are,

perhaps, of little importance, they cannot fail to assist those who

endeavour to interpret variations of form by differences of function.

The chief value of the work lies, however, in a totally different

direction. The rapid decline and extinction of so many of the

larger South-African mammals is, no doubt, to be regarded as the

necessary, though regrettable, concomitant of advancing civilization.

But just as in Britain, so in South Africa—ignorance, self-secking,

and vandalism march considerably ahead of civilization. The

country, whether we view it with the disinterested eyes of science

or sentiment, or with the more selfish vision of economics and

industry, has been made much the poorer by the relentless persecu-

tion of all wild mammals, and particularly of te smaller Carnivora.

It is to be hoped, therefore, that Mr. Fitzsimons’s book will find its

way into the hands of all the younger citizens of South Africa.

Such an account can hardly fail to arouse enthusiasm in the breasts

of the rising generation, and should lead them, in due course, to

take a keen and enlightened interest in the welfare and preserva-

tion of what is now left of the fauna of their land.

A full systematic list of South-African species and subspecies of

the various orders dealt with is given in each of the four volumes. ~

The technical names in these lists were examined in the Mammal

Department of the British Museum, and it is believed that not

many errors remain. But some errors of nomenclature are still to

be noticed in the text of the first volume and in the legends of some

of the illustrations. These are small matters, which can easily be

put right in future impressions of the book. It remains to be said

that each volume is pleasingly illustrated by numerous photographs,

and that the printing and binding is up to the standard expected

from Longmans.

Geological Society. 387

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

January 5th, 1921.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—.

‘The Carboniferous Limestone of the Wickwar-Chipping

Sodbury Area (Gloucestershire).? By Miss Edith Bolton, M.Sc.,

and Miss M. C. Tuck, B.Sc.

The Authors describe, in Vaughan’s notation, from both the

lithological and the faunal standpoints, the north-eastern rim of

the Carboniferous Limestone ‘ horseshoe’ round the Bristol Coalfield.

The chief points of interest in the area, and of demarcation from

the type-section of the Avon Gorge, are :—

(1) The marked development and fossiliferous nature of the ‘ Sub-Oolite’

band of the Caninia Zone.

(2) The great thickness of the Concretionary Beds of the main Seminatla

Zone.

(3) The Modiola Phase at the top of S, is further marked by algal lime-

stones, in addition to concretionary beds,

(4) The unfossiliferous character and variable lithological features of the

beds forming the top of the main Seminula Zone and the Lower Dibuno-

phyllum Zone make it impossible to draw any line of demarcation

between these two zones. These beds are therefore designated

*S,—D, junction.’

(5) The early oncoming of ‘ Millstone Grit’ conditions.

February 2nd, 1921.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘A New Species of Blattoid (Archimylacris) from the Keele

Group (Stephanian) of Shropshire.’ By Herbert Bolton, M.Sc.,

F.R.S.E., F.G.S.

The Author describes the basal portion of a new type of Blattoid

388 Geological Society.

wing found by Mr. John Pringle in core-material of purple marly

shale, collected by Mr. T. C. Cantrill from a borehole for water at

Wellington (Shropshire).

The wing belongs to the genus Archimylacris, and is closely

allied to A. lericheit Pruvost and A. dessaillyi Leriche, from

the upper beds of the Westphalian of Liévin (Pas de Calais),

Northern France.

February 23rd, 1921.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On Saccammina carteri Brady, and the Minute Structure

of the Foraminiferal Test.’ By Prof. William Johnson Sollas,

M.A., D.Se., LL.D., F.RS., F.G.S.

In this description of S. carteri certain anomalies of its struc-

ture described by Brady are explained as due to mineralization by

quartz and the deposition of ‘beekite.’ The wall of the test,

which is very thin, consists of a mosaic of calcite and (in its present

state) is imperforate.

In endeavouring to establish its true nature an investigation was

made into the composition and structure of-the test in the Vitreous

and Porcellanous Foraminifera. It was found that in both groups

an organic basis is absent, and that the substance of the test

consists wholly of calcite. The distinctive difference lies in the

granular and felted structure which characterizes the Porcellana :

as a consequence of this structure they are white and apparently

opaque, any light which enters the test being scattered and

dispersed by repeated internal refraction and reflection.

It is shown that many Carboniferous foraminifera, such as

Fusulina, unite the perforations of the Vitrea with the porcellanous

test of the Imperforata; while a living in:perforate form ( Cornu-

spira) possesses a test which in some species is porcellanous, in

others arenaceous (Amnodiscus), and in yet others vitreous (Sp77?-

lina), but in the last case with the exceptional character that the

calcite test is often optically a single homogeneous erystal.

Perforate foraminifera and porcellanous forms as well occur in

association with Saccammina, and these still retain the original

structure of their tests, a structure in both cases wholly different

from that of Saccammina; the structure of Saccammina is not

inconsistent with that of the arenaceous foraminifera, and thus one

is led to assign this fossil to the group originally proposed for it by

Brady.

3. Bae Published.

LAND D AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA OF INDIA.

Part I., Vol. IIt. Price 2ts.

“By Tieut: -Col. H. H. GODWIN-AUSTEN, F.R.S., Ke.

With 7 Plates and 65 pages Text, with Descriptions of many new

. - Species belonging to the Genus Gressvza.

TAYLOR and Pauw ANCIS, . Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. 4.

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA

(Including Ceylon and Burma).

Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council.

COLEOPTERA (CHRYSOMELID£®).

: Medium 8vo, with Text Illustrations. Price 21s.

MOLLUSCA (LAND OPERCULATES).

Wi ith Two Plates and numerous Text Illustrations. Price 30s.

Taytor & Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, E.C. 4.

Super-Royal 8vo, pp. iv, 226. With 4 Plates and 16 Text-fi Agere.

. Pri ice 12s. 6d.

A CONTRIBUTION

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND FLORA

DUTCH N.W, NEW GUINEA.

a Ss. ‘GIBBS, E.LS., F.R.MS.

‘Taxior 4 AND Francis, Bes Lion Court, Fleet Street.

Rates for Advartsenicnte 3 in the Annals and

One Six >. Twelve

prices p dmegeticn: Insertions. Insertions. pot

St ee te DERE Sot ne oe OO - 216. O'each 2°10 0 each) et

-HALF-PAGE. i <6 12 26% 110 Cte Tt Ss | AG

QUARTER-PAGE | BO AG 6, 15 O ;,. { Net.

‘EIGHTH-PAGE ce 10. ae FeO. 8065 \

All Oe jo space to be. nthe to

Mr. ‘#H. A. ‘COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, Croydon.

nee On Thysanoptera sar

Rodrigues. By Ricu ARD 8. Baowat

PV 28 3 a eee ee

XXXV. On the Genus ee Sitoon a sy

M.D., Fellow of — Brazilian Le of: Sciences ae 3

nike Specie Des 1

US.A. SPORE Ace eae let : ea

XXXVI. Notes on various. cAtesean ae Asiatic Species « of Le

Guérin, mate an Account of their nes é characters [Coleo

ie XXXIX, A Sonn styelia EAS po , Spitade ae :

‘Dr, Aveusta ‘Axypicx-Cunrsrin- Linbe, Riksmuseum S$ I

pate) On a. Collection of Reptiles ae Batrachians frou ‘the tales

of Ceram, Indo- Australian Archipelago. oe “Matcomm A Pie ‘HL,

F.ZS., and Joan B. Procter, ee é EN RMS

s. eee af RSE sj i L, 8. ‘(Plate T IX. j

XLII. Some new African Mammals. Fp AR’

XLIV. Two Ne new. ioe “Hevtle fi

By Giserr J, Arnow, FZ. 8., FES. (Plate XxX).

XLV. New Foxes of the Genera. Paihaes, you and Pr ]

- Northern a aan By, Orprret ai dealt ! a

British einer Written Gad i pe

Vol. i... Petes tent ees sees ‘

eat: asi

ser

ie ANNALS

‘No. 41.

MAY 1921.

CONDUCTED BY

- WILL 1AM CARRUTHERS, Pu:D:, FUR:S., F-L.S. ae

Aaa

a |, sik ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.BB., M.A., Sc.D., F.R S.,.F.Z8

AND.

RIC HARD T. FRANCIS, EZ:8.

de _ BEING A ike a jee OF THE “ANNALS” COMBINED WITH

WITH TWO PLATES.

Dinaeptive: of Mr. R. Bullen Newton’s Paper on a Marine Jurassic. Fuca from

Central Arabia, and Mr. W, N: Edwards’s Papers on a small Benwettitalean

Flower from the Wealden of Syston and on Parka decipiens.

ees “LONDON:

“PAYOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, PLERY STREEY,

. Sold by Baillie, P Pans: and avai ake & Co. Dublir,

B. PRESTON CLARK _

55 KILBY STREET, BOSTON, MASS. USA.

desires SPHINGIDZ from ‘North. and North-west

India, Bengal, Thibet, Afghanistan, Abyssinia, Somali-—

land, East Africa, Borneo, Java, and Mesopotamia.

He will recompense collectors liberally, either in

cash, books, or any other form that may be” ‘more

agreeable ; 3 and will be: glad to hear from aayone who

can help hii in any of the above countries. pF

He would also be glad to “exchange with other

collectors or with Museums.

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA

(Including Ceylon and Burma).

Published wees the authority of the Secretar ¥ of State for India i in Council.

COLEOPTERA (CHRYSOMELID#).

Medium 8vo, with Te eet Illustrations. Price 21s.

Goi inen (LAND OPERCULATES).

With Two Plates and numerous reat Paap Price 35s.

TAYLOR & Francois, Red Lion Gaur Fleet Street, E. c. 4.

Rates for Advertisements in the Aginale and

_ Magazine of Natural History.

Oe: se aie Twelve

Insertion. . Insertions. Insertions; —

PAGE #0 Ue > 8 90" 0 215 .-O each 2-10. O'eachs

HALF-PAGE,.-) Yang) 1126 1.1090 G17 By ae

QUARTER-PAGE 1-778 O-%. 16 (Go 1B Oo Bet

EIGHTH-PAGE- - era fe) 9 0

ae oa 8 Oe a's

All applications for space Bs be made to 3 £ cee

ile HH. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, , Croydon.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[NINTH SERLES.]

No. 41. MAY 1921.

XLVI.—On a Marine Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia.

By R. Butien Newrov, I.8.0., F.G.S.

[Plate XI. ]

INTRODUCTION.

A COLLECTION of fossils, the determination of which forms

the subject of this report, was obtained by Mr. H. St. J. B.

Philby, C.LE., from Central Arabia, during his remarkable

traverse of that country in 1918 between the Persian Gulf

and the Red Sea, while engaged on a Government diplomatic

mission *,

These specimens, although of a fragmentary character,

give interesting evidence of a marine Jurassic fauna which

presents a relationship with material already described from

the South-western region of Arabia.

We appear to be indebted to F. R. Mallet f for our earliest

knowledge of the presence of Jurassic rocks in Arabia. This

geologist discovered a certain limestone to the N. of Majhafa

* For an interesting account of his explorations of a part of this

journey—with no reference, however, to geological matters—the reader

is referred to Mr. Philby’s paper on ‘“‘ Southern Najd,” ‘ The Geographical

Journal,’ 1920, vol. lv. pp. 161-191, with a map of the region.

+ “On the Geological Structure of the Country near Aden,” Mem,

Geol. Surv. India, 1871, vol. vil. pp. 257-284.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 27

390 Mr. R. Bullen Newton on a Marine

(N. of Aden) containing fossils which were submitted to

Stoliczka for determination, his opinion of which was formu-

lated in the following statement :—“ The limestone is full of

sections of a long turreted Nerinea, a species of Cryptoplocus ;

of a Pelecypod, probably a Corbis; and large numbers of

Spongites, generally dichotomous. ‘The limestone is evidently

ot Mesozoic age, and the few fossils appear to resemble most

Upper Jurassic forms, though the same genera occur in

Lower Cretaceous beds.”” ‘The next account of Arabian

Jurassic fossils was furnished by the late G. C. Crick and

the present writer *, from a series of Molluscan remains

collected by Major H.8. Hazelgrove in the districts of Nobat

Dakim and Dihala, both being situated to the north of Aden.

They comprised specimens of the groups Cephalopoda ( Belem-

nites, Nautilus, Perisphinctes, and Oppelia?) ; Gastropoda

(Nerinea and Trochus); avd Pelecypoda (Parallelodon and

Nucula). Our studies of this fauna enabled us to recognize

affinities with that characterizing the Jurassic rocks of

Somaliland (the Bihin Limestone), the Himalayas (Niti and

Spiti), and Western India (Cutch). Mr. Crick was of opinion

that the Cephalopods indicated a Kimeridgian age, while the

other Mollusca were considered by myself as originating

somewhere between the Oxfordian and Kimeridgian, and

therefore belonging probably to Corallian (or Sequanian)

times.

A more recently published paper by Mr. G. H. Tipper +

contains a notice of some Jurassic fossils from the Aden area

(Diala or Dihala region), in which he describes very similar

Mollusca as referred to by G. C. Crick and myself, including

Belemnites and different torms of Pertsphinctes ; a Gastropod

of doubtful determination, some Pelecypoda of the genera

Parallelodon, Pinna, Trigonia, Syncyclonema, and Cardinia? ;

and remains of Pentacrinus stem-joints. The author re-

garded this fauna as bearing ‘a distinctly Upper Jurassic

Facien tt

Mr. Philby’s fossils were obtained from four localities :—

(1) Bachain, in the neighbourhood of Sadus (long. 46°,

lat. 25°), which is some 3200 feet above sea-level, where the

rocks are fawn-coloured limestones of considerable harduess,

being more or less siliceous, with occasional associations of

‘« Beekite,” and sometimes showing oolitic structure.

* “On some Jurassic Mollusca from Arabia,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

Bee, ser. 8, vol. ui. pp. 1-29, pls. i.-iii.

+ Tipper, G. H., “Notes on Upper Jurassic Fossils collected by

Captain Ry Ee Lloyd near Aden,” Records Geol. Surv. India, 1910,

vol. xxxvill, pp. 836-341, pls. xxxv., Xxxvi. ,

Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. 391

(2) Hl Hish, also near Sadus, is stated to be 2800 feet

above sea-level. An eroded and cream-coloured example of

Isastrea, without matrix, has been found here, so that we

would be justified in assuming that its associated limestone

would be of similar colour.

(3) Ashaira (long, 46°, lat. 22° 50').—The fossiliferous

limestone of this region is cream-coloured. ‘This locality and

the following—Hamar—are about 200 miles south of Sadus.

(4) Hamar (long. 46° 10’, lat. 22° 30’).—The limestone of

this locality is of ferruginous colour and frequently contains

minute grains of peroxide of iron; it is, besides, of great

hardness, being siliceo-caleareous, and has much the appear-

ance of a coarse sandstone.

The specimen from Quoin Island in the Persian Gulf is

not organic, but is merely an example of a stalagmitic rock.

It is of interest to mention that Mr. Philby has generously

presented this collection of Arabian fossils to the Geological

Department of the British Museum, and that the report

thereon has been drawn up at the request of the Directors of

the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Limited.

NOTES ON THE FOSSILS.

CEPHALOPODA.

Lytoceras (?).

Under this group is included a fragmentary Ammonite

represented by a matrix impression of part of a whorl bearing

simple and closely-set costations. Mr. L. F. Spath, M.Sc.,

informs me that this specimen may belong to the geuus

Lytoceras which is widely distributed, its range extending

trom Liassic to Cretaceous times.

Locality. Bachain.

GASTROPODA.

Nerinea, cf. desvoidyt, Orbigny. (Pl. XI. fig. 1.)

Nerinea desvoidyi, Orbigny, Pal. Frangaise Terr. Jurassiques, Gastero-

podes, 1850, pl. cclxi. p. 107. ‘

Nerinea cf. desvordyi, KX. B. Newton, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1908,

ser. 8, vol. ii. pp. 9, 10, pl. i. tig. 10.

This form of molluse is represented by some fragmentary

natural casts of whorls, which appear to belong to two

individuals and which show resemblances to the specimen

previously described by me from the north of Aden. ‘he

27%

392 Mr. R. Bullen Newton on a Marine

older whorls are of much the same dimensions, besides

exhibiting a similar shape, depth, and more or less sloping

sides divided by a central oblique sulcus parallel to the suture.

Good published figures are available of this species, such as

P. de Loriol’s* examples from French Corallian rocks, as

well as Thurmann and Etallon’s ¢ form-of Roemer’s JN. gose,

considered by P. de Loriol as synonymous with NV. desvoidyi,

from the older Kimeridgian (Strombian) beds of Hanoverian

Germany, which combines both external and internal cha-

racters in the same specimen. The present fragments need

not be confounded with the genus Cryptoplocus, which has a

much more conically formed axis, considerably shallower

volutions, and is, moreover, furnished with only a single

columella plication, whereas the true Nerinea possesses more

than one fold.

Distribution. Sequanian to Kimeridgian: Hurope and

Arabia.

Locality. Bachain.

PELECYPODA.

Ostrea cf, montbeliardensis, Contejean.

Ostrea montbeliardensis, Contejean, “Etude VEtage Kimmeridien

Montbeliard &c.,” 1859 (from Mém. Soc. Emul. Doubs), p. 521,

pl. xxvi. fig. 1.

The specimen consists of a single lower valve of widely

suboval contour, having a flattened base, a nearly vertical

outer wall which gives considerable depth to the valve, while

the muscular scar-impression is antero-central. ‘There appear

to be no foliations present as in the typical form from the

Kimeridgian of France, although in other characters the

Arabian valve bears much resemblance to this species.

Attached to the specimen are some examples of Lwegyra

bruntrutana.

Dimensions.

Eee HEN: & Sie Patpeetas Ae 45

Juengthit. ca. cn wmgateniere bss bites 38

Depth tts, << ieee tee 17

Distribution. Kimeridgian: France.

Locality. Bachain.

* Mém. Soc. Linn. Normandy, 1872, vol. xvi. p. 81, pl. vi. figs. 2-5.

+ ‘Letbea Bruntrutana,’ 1861, pl. vil. fig. 38, p. 93.

Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. 393

Lopha(?) philby?, sp.n. (PI. XI. figs. 2, 3.)

Description. Shell of subtriangular contour, with a well-

excavated inner margin; lower valve deep, robust, orna-

mented with three or four principal radial costze, from which

proceed further costee both by bifurcation and trifurcation,

the inner marginal costation being of wide convexity and

- separated from the others by a very deep and broad furrow

resembling a lobe. The coste are prominent, swollen, and

divided by moderately deep furrows, while the whole surface

is of lamellose structure. ‘The interior exhibits a triangular

ligamental area and a fairly large reniform muscular impres-

sion, which is closer to the inner than the outer margin and

not far from the basal line. Only a mere isolated fragment

of the presumably upper valve is present in the collection,

showing a partial internal view, the outer surface being

buried in an intensely hard matrix, thus hiding up external

features. This fragment seems to indicate that the upper

valve was of flattened character, and might have had some

radial ribs, which would suggest that the oyster belonged to

Bolten’s genus Lopha, which is equivalent to Fischer de

Waldheim’s Alectryonia of a later date. ‘There are several

fragmentary examples of this shell in a reddish-brown siliceo-

calcareous limestone with minute, rounded, ferruginous

grains, It shows a resemblance to Cretaceous forms such as

Ostrea devillei, Coquand, from France, and to Blanckenhorn’s

Q. dienert from the Cenomanian of Syria; but neither of

those species, however, is furnished with what may be

termed the inner costal lobe, which distinguishes the present

shell.

Dimensions.

Largest lower valve: mm,

RGA PE ert cand o.5, eit chai t 45

Bp ti ioth ad sas ee cca etn 50

Dharetey 5 cae dh Seve ie qe 25

Locality, Hamar.

Lopha solitaria (J. de C. Sowerby).

(Pl. XI. figs. 4, 5.)

Ostrea solitaria, J. de C. Sowerby, Min. Conch. 1824, vol. v. pl. 468.

figs. 1, p. 105.

It is interesting to be able to recognize so well-known a

European species as Lopha solitaria among the Arabian

fossils, The specimen consists of a well-preserved upper

394 Mr. R. Bullen Newton on a Marine

valve of evidently a young form, with a depressed oblong

summit-region, an excavated inner lateral margin, and a basal

region of considerable width. Some fourteen or fifteen

prominent coste are present, divided by wide, deep, and

angulate furrows, the coste being more or less vertical at

first, but afterwards dichotomizing and pursuing a radial

course to the lateral and ventral regions, forming V-shaped

angulations in front. Fine concentric vertical growth-

laminations cover the surface of the valve.

Dimensions.

PACIONE awe. ss 54s ek nena hen 82

POR i teen or ale Mae 28

Diameter... 47405 4. PEAR AT 9

Distribution. Sequanian to Kimeridgian: Britain and

Burope. .

Locality. Ashaira.

Gryphea cf. dilatata, J. Sowerby.

Gryphea dilatata, J, Sowerby, Mineral Conchology, 1816, vol. ii.

pl. exlix. fig. 1, p. 113.

Specimen represented by a moderate-sized, hemispherical,

lower valve of the genus Gryphea, which is apparently

related to J. Sowerby’s G. dilatata. It is of rounded contour

with a well-excavated lateral lobe, while the surface bears

several more or less distant concentric growth-furrows. As

the specimen is attached to its matrix, all internal characters

are hidden, besides which the margins are a good deal

fractured.

Dimensions.

mm.

LET eee ae abe. Sen 35

Bengt inte asenuvens sens 48

Distribution. Callovian to Sequanian: Britain and Hurope.

Locality. Bachain.

Exogyra bruntrutana (Thurmann, P. de Loriol).

(Pl: XI. fig. 6.)

Ostrea bruntrutana (Thurmann), P. de Loriol, Mém. Soc. Linn. Nor-

mandie, 1872, vol. xvi. p. 399, pl. xxiv. figs, 7-18.

Exogyra imbricata, H. Douvillé, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 1886, sér, 3,

vol. xiy. pl. xii. figs. 8, 9, pp. 280-232 (non Krauss) ; Miiller, Born-

Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. 395

hardt’s Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, 1900, vol. vii. pp. 532, 533, pl. xviii

figs. 11, 12.

Exogyra bruntrutana, Futterer, Zeitsch. Deutsch. Geol. Ges, 1897,

vol, xlix. pp. 582, 583, pl. xix. fig. 1; Dacqué, Beitr. Pal. Geol,

Ost-ungarns Orients, 1905, vol. xvii. pp. 185, 136, pl. xv. (2) fig. 18.

Several examples of this small (15x11 mm.) species

occur in a limestone matrix, while others are attached to a

shallow, rounded, ostreiform lower valve from the same beds

which has the appearance of being closely related to O. mont-

beliardensis of Contejean from the Kimeridgian of France.

Distribution. Oxfordian to Portlandian : Kurope and Africa

(Shoa, Somaliland, and near Kiswere, EK. Africa).

Locality. Bachain.

Chlamys articulatus (Schilotheim).

(Pl. XI. fig. 7.)

Pectinites articulatus, Schlotheim, Die Petrefactenkunde, 1820, p. 227.

Pecten articulatus, Goldfuss, Petref. Germaniw, 1833, vol. ii. p. 47,

pl. xc. fig. 10.

This determination includes the remains of a single valve

embedded in matrix, showing no hinge-expansions, the

margins likewise, except at the base, being also absent. The

few costs preserved bear a resemblance to those seen in

Schlotheim’s P. articulatus, as first figured by Goldtuss from

the “ Korallenkalk” of Nattheim, Germany, although the

actual type came from the Jurassic Limestone of Aarau in

Switzerland. The coste are acutely lamellated at more or

less equal distances, and so producing an infundibuliform

character, besides which the furrows are observed to be

covered with a series of closely-set, oblique, transverse stria-

tions. This species is related to P. vimineus of J. de C.

Sowerby, which ranges from Bajocian to Oxfordian times,

and which appears to have fewer coste, a more elongate

contour, while the furrow-striations are more horizoutal than

oblique. Schlotheim’s type from Aarau is now regarded as

belonging to the Uppermost Sequanian (= Astartian stage),

whereas Goldfuss’s example Trom Nattheim is referred to

the Kimeridgian deposits. An English specimen has been

recognized from the Cornbrash.

Distribution. Bathonian to Kimeridgian: Britain and

Europe.

Locality. Ashaira.

396 Mr. R. Bullen Newton on a Marine

Hinnites cf. inequistriatus (Voltz), Thurmann.

(Pl. XL fig. 8.)

Hinnites inequistriatus, Voltz, in Thurmann (list name only), Mém.

Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg, 1833, vol. i. part 2, p. 13; Thurmann

and Etallon, Lethea Bruntrutana, 1862, pl. xxxvii. fig. 13, p. 267.

Hinnites ( Pleuronectites) inequistriatus, Futterer, Zeitsch. Deutsch.

Geol. Ges. 1897, vol. xlix. pp. 588, 589, pl. xix. figs, 6, 7.

This specimen is quite fragmentary, with fractured margins

throughout. It consists of part of the interior of an upper

valve embedded in matrix in which can be traced four or

five distant radial costee with subsidiary and weaker ones

between, the whole being crossed by occasional concentric

growth-lines. As the specimen exhibits only internal cha-

racters, it is impossible to surmise any details of the outer

ornamentation of the principal ribs, such structure in the type

being composed of more or less distant recurring tubular

spiniform growths. Speaking generally, the Arabian fossil

shows considerable resemblance to Futterer’s interpretation

of Thurmann and Etallon’s original figure of this shell.

Distribution. The species has been recognized from Se-

quanian and Kimeridgian rocks, the original specimen having

been described from the Kimeridgian (Strombian) of

Porrentruy, Switzerland, whereas the example referred to

by Futterer was obtained from a similar horizon at Shoa,

Southern Abyssinia.

Locality. Bachain.

BRACHIOPODA.

Terebratula subsella, Leymerie.

(Pl. XE. figs..9, 10.)

Terebratula subsella, Leymerie, Statistique Géol. Mineral Dep. de

l’Aube, 1846, pp. 224, 248, pl. x. fig. 5; H. Douvillé, Bull. Soc. Géol.

France, 1886, sér. 3, vol. xiv. p. 282, pl. xii. fig. 2.

Terebratula suprajurensis, Futterer, Zeitsch, Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 1897,

vol. xlix. p. 617.

Terebratula subsella, Dacqué, Beftr. Pal. Geol. Osterr.-Ungarns Orients,

1905, vol. xvii. p, 129, pl. xiv. figs. 5, 6, and pl. xvii. fig. 6.

This well-known Upper Jurassic species is represented by

a small example (18x16x12 mm.) with both valves in

closed association. It has been recognized from Abyssinia

(Shoa) by Douvillé and Futterer, and by Dacqué from

Somaliland. Both Davidson and J. F. Walker have referred

to its occurrence in British Corallian (Sequanian) rocks.

—.

Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. 397

Distribution. Upper Sequanian (Astartian) to the Kime-

ridgian: Britain, Europe, and Africa (Shoa and Somaliland).

Loeality. Bachain.

Ithynchonella sp. (Pl. XI. fig. 11.)

This form appears to come nearest to Dacqué’s * FR. sp. ind. 1

from the Sequanian (= Malm) of Somaliland. It is attached

by the ventral or pedicle valve to a hard limestone-matrix, so

that only the dorsal or brachial valve is exposed, with a part

of the projecting beak of the opposing valve. The deltidial

characters are much obscured, although the foramen appears

to be well above the umbonal line. There are rather more

than twenty acute coste present, whilst the measurements of

the valve are similar in width and length, viz. 23 mm. The

shell evidently belongs to the type of R. obsoleta of J.

Sowerby F from the British Bathonian, as alluded to by

Dacqué in his Somaliland memoir. The Arabian specimen

shows also a considerable resemblance to H. Douvillé’s ¢

interpretation of AR. edwardsi of Chapuis and Dewalque §,

from the Shoa limestones of Abyssinia, a shell originally

described from the French Bathonian, and which the present

writer thinks is distinct from that depicted by Douvillé’s

figures,

Locality. Bachain.

Rhynchonella ef. subvariabilis, Davidson.

Rhynchonella subvariabilis, Davidson, Mon. Pal. Soc. 1852, vol. i.

(British Oolitic Brachiopoda), pp. 80, 81, pl. xv. fig. 7, and pl, xviii.

fig. 11.

This form of Brachiopod is represented by a single speci-

men with closed valves, which from its structural details

appears to show affinities with Davidson’s R. subvariabilis

from the British Kimeridgian. Hach valve possesses about

twelve well-sculptured costee with sharp and elevated summits ;

the pedicle-valve is depressed in the centre, but projecting

laterally, while the brachial valve is very convex, although

abruptly sloping at the sides and exhibiting an elevated

* Dacqué, Beitr. Pal. Geol. Ost.-Ungarns Orients, 1905, vol. xvii.

pp. 127, 128, pl. xiv. fig. 11.

+ Sowerby, Min. Conchology, 1815, vol. i. pl. Ixxxiii. figs. 7, 8, p. 192.

t Douvillé (H.), Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 1886, sér. 3, vol. xiv. p. 236,

1, xi. fig, 5.

r § Chapuis and Dewalque, Mém. Cour. Acad. R. Belgique, 1853,

vol, xxv. pl. xxxvii. fig. 9, p. 255.

398 Mr. R. Bullen Newton on a Marine

mesial region composed of three plaits. The foramen is of

moderate size, while the beak is not much produced. The

specimen is entirely free from matrix.

Dimensions.

[Et ae mice tata pearls 16

WYiiditi C6 3.35 saan eer 17

Diameter, cee hae settee as aes i

Distribution. Kimeridgian; Britain, and Portlandian:

France.

Locality. Hamar.

POLYZOA.

Stomatopora cf. waltont, Haime. (Pl. XI. fig. 12.)

Stomatopora waltont, Haime, Mém. Soc. Géol. France, 1854, sér. 2,

vol. v. p. 162, pl. vi. fig. 3; J. W. Gregory, Cat. Jurassic Bryozoa

British Museum, 1896, pl. i. fig. 5, pp. 54, 55.

I am indebted to Dr. W. D. Lang for the identification

of this little fossil (10x 8 mm.)j, which is adherent to the

internal surface of a fragmentary indeterminable shell. It

represents a delicately branching organism exhibiting di-

chotomy, while all the branches are furnisbed with equi-

distant minute apertures. Good figures of the typical form,

from the Bradford Clay of England, were published by

Haime, since which the excellent figures and description of

Prof. J. W. Gregory should be consulted for the latest know-

ledge of this species. According to Kastman’s ‘ Zittel’ *,

the genus Stomatopora ranges from Ordovician to Recent

times.

Distribution. Bathonian of Britain and France.

Locality. Bachain.

ECHINODERMATA.

Pygurus (2).

A single specimen representing a fragment of test em-

bedded in matrix belonging to the upper surface, in which

part of the basal margin is preserved. There is also seen

part of an elongately petaloid ambulacral area, the poriferous

zones, and wide interambulacral regions. So far as can be

judged from so imperfect a fossil, it appears to be related to

* ‘Text-book of Paleontology,’ 1915, vol. i. p. 319.

Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. 399

such a form as Pygurus costatus, Wright, from British

Corallian rocks. Iam obliged to Dr. F. A. Bather, F.R.S.,

for suggesting the reference of this specimen to the genus

Pygurus, which is characteristic of Jurassic seas, although

occurring as well in Cretaceous times.

Locality. Bachain.

Rhabdocidaris sp. (Pl. XI. fig. 13.)

This determination, kindly confirmed by Dr. F. A. Bather,

refers to a well-preserved fragmentary spine belonging to

Desor’s Rhabdocidaris—a genus which is particularly charac-

teristic of Upper Jurassic deposits, although recognized also

from older Cretaceous rocks. This spine is of trilateral form

and bears a central longitudinal ridge on one of its faces,

whilst the other surface is much depressed but furnished also

with a median ridge of a more rudimentary type. The lateral

margins are equidistantly spined, the ridge-summit is

tubercled, while the remainder of the surface is covered with

closely set, longitudinal, microscopical striations composed

of minute beaded tubercles of varying dimensions. The

specimen appears to be related to R. orbignyana, Agassiz *

from the Kimeridgian of Europe (Nattheim, &c.).

Locality. Bachain.

ACTINOZOA (Corals).

Montlivaltia sp.

A small and simple turbinate coral, possessing a rounded

calyx full of closely arranged radial septa; the central struc-

ture of the cup is obscured by a hard matrix. Numerous

dissepiments are observable between the septa in the calycular

region as well as longitudinally, where the epithecal covering

has been partially dissolved away during fossilization, thus

exposing the septal ‘Structure. In places the epitheca is

coated with “ Beekite.” Montlivaltia is a well-known

Jurassic genus, although the specimen requires more study

and should also be sectioned before its relationships are

ascertainable with described species. At present the specimen

is suggestive of an Upper Jurassic age, between the

Sequanian and Kimeridgian.

* See Desor, ‘Synopsis des Echinides Fossiles,’ 1858, p. 40, pl. viii.

figs. 7-9.

400 Mr. R. Bullen Newton on a Marine

Dimensions.

Diameter of calyx ...... ie wie SED

Height of corallum......... . 40

Locality. Bachain.

Isastrea sp.

This determination refers to a fairly large, rounded, and

elevated corallum composed of unequally sized calyces, which

in the neighbourhood of the margin frequently merge into

one another and form elongate furrows, as characterizes the

genus Latomeandra. There is, however, no epitheca in that

genus, whilst the base of the Arabian fossil is distinctly

furnished with a concentric epithecal growth. Through

considerable erosion the septal characters are much obscured,

so that until the specimen has been sectioned for micro-

scopical examination it is impossible to give more details of

1s structure.

Dimensions.

ELSI e RE ce pon Stel on bet 45

DiamGtenPrrncca ous ce ct 90

Locality. Al Hish.

SPONGIA.

Lymnorella sp.

This fossil is of subspherical contour, with the basal region

filled with matrix. ‘The surface-structure consists entirely of

microscopical apertures, varying in size and presenting a

minute vermicular type of structure such as is present in

Lamaroux’s genus Lymnorea, now known as Lymunorella of

Hinde, on account of the preoccupation of the first-mentioned

name. ‘The genus is very characteristic of Jurassic rocks.

Dimensions.

mm,

DeVere Aaya eres Oe bin 2 ee

Diametorve) 00 Pani. ee 30

Locality. Bachain.

SUMMARY.

The fossils herewith described represent the remnants of a

marine fauna which thrived over a considerable area of what

is now Arabia during the Jurassic period. ‘hey were chiefly

obtained from Bachain, only two determinable specimens

having been found at Hamar and two at Ashaira, while one

Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. 401

came from El] Hish. The appended “Chart” (p. 402) will

serve to show the elements of this fauna and its distribution,

both geological and geographical.

Some of the specimens, although mostly imperfect, have

exhibited structures that have allowed of a fairly close

determination, and it is certain that they may be recognized

as belonging to the Sequanian and Kimeridgian stages of

Upper Jurassic times. Evogyra bruntrutana, however,

occurs also in the Portlandian, although originating in the

Oxfordian, whereas Chlamys articulatus ranges from Ba-

thonian to the Kimeridgian, and the Polyzoan is apparently

only known in the Bathonian stage. The Nerinea has

already been noticed as occurring in Upper Jurassic rocks

north of Aden, the Bachain fragments of this genus being

associated with equally well-known fossils that present the

Sequanian—Kimeridgian facies.

It is interesting to note a faunistic resemblance with Upper

Jurassic fossils of Somaliland and Abyssinia, described

respectively by Dacqué* and Futterer f, and which also

extends to European and British faunas of the same period.

For the present, therefore, this fauna may be regarded as

of Sequanian (=Corallian)—Kimeridgian age, although it is

hoped that future explorations will yield a greater variety of

better-preserved and more abundant specimens, and so enable

us to gather further information on Arabian Jurassic

stratigraphy.

Finally, congratulations are due to Mr. Philby on his

obtaining these relics of a marine fauna from an entirely new

region of Arabia, and therefore materially increasing our

kuowledge as to the extent of those marine conditions which

prevailed over so great an area of that country during

the Jurassic period.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.

Nerinea cf. desvoidyt, Orbigny.

Fig. 1. Natural cast of two of the older volutions, showing the median

groove.

Lopha (?) philbyi, sp. n.

Tig. 2. External view of a lower valve, showing the divided radial

* “ Beitrige zur Geologie des Somalilandes-Oberer Jura,” Beitr. Pal.

Geol. Osterr.-Ungarns Orients, 1905, vol. xvii. pp. 119-159, pls. xiv.—xviii.

+ “Beitraye zur Kenntniss des Jura in Ost-Afrika: Der Jura von

Schoa (Sud-Abessinien),” Zeitsch. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 1897, vol. xlix.

pp. 568-627, pls, xix.-xxil.

Mr. R. Bullen Newton on a Marine

402

(

‘puryrfenog

“MOTINGLAASICT

[worqdvasooex

eee

* x

> Ok

tok

‘uvtuenbag

“UBIPLOJXO

‘UBIAOT[VO

“uRIMOgyeg |

( ‘uetpurys0g

“URISPLIOWLyy

‘SUIT 9t[} OAOG’ soDv}G OIssv.IN Pe

-uvloolug |

“BARYSY |

*IVULR AT |

‘USTH 1 |

uleqorg |

ee rd

*eIqury

SPOR meee e eee eee eres ee eseeHes Bebe eressseeeereeteeses ‘ds mpaLouuh'yT

“W1INNOdG

rer eee eee ere cere eee rere errr eee rere eee rey ‘ds DOAISDST

Pee eee eer er errr errr rer reer rere rere rer "ds weqyvanquopy

‘[sjeaog =] vozonILoy

rr eeeeeerceeresscereseeseceseseerersserasesesseseere(lgy SLD PLOPYDY aT

Bee mame eee tere e eee rere ee ease eeesseeeesereeesss sees eeses (é) snunbh

*VACIONIHOR

piase bansvea ssceraseusecnece OUITUET “nLojom ‘jo niLodogpuUojrg

"VOZAI0G

Se eee ee ee seeeeeneetseeeseese FN 6 | ‘sajuqprwpagns ‘yo vyjauoyouhyar

Ov ee ence sevrcccssrseseccsseeseseseseeees tereeeeeee alg pyjauoyouhyay

we eeeeee ee ur fory “D)JaSQus DINIDLGILDT,

“Vadod0lIHOVug

eee eeeceee Peete eereesens (‘qQ0TT9G) sngnnarpuDo shunqyp

we reece cece esse nccsectesses T xy Ah ‘sngnrwgsimbaur 118) SaQuUUypy

sete ereeeeeees eeeeeecees eves fq.tomog ¥9) ep “pf ‘pisnqyos nydoT

TEP emer er rceeerecsnaesreaassercaresterene ery ‘ds “ohanyd (g) nydot

POCO eo ew reese ene eee eee eeeeneaee® Rls | “‘DUDINLJUNLQ pihboxy

POO eee ee meee eeee ee eewneee sees Aqaamog fc ‘papgnjyp IG poydhiO

eee erscccerveessscsceee ee ‘feyuog ‘sasuapanyaqzuout “19 VIMSO)

“vVaOdx00 TE FT

see neeeeene See ee tee ee wees seee “qiO ‘thproasap “yo DAUMAAT

“V@OdOULSV 4)

See ee errr seeeecee Se rn “** (2) snuan0ghT

“V@Od0TVHdT Sy

‘sUOTJVULTMAJOCT OYTOOdYG puB MeN

“VNOV AY FHL dO LAVHYD

Fig. 3,

Fig. 4

fig. 6

Fig. 6

Jurassic Fauna from Central Arabia. 403

coste and the widely convex lobe-like rib in front separated

by a broad and deep furrow.

Internal surface of a similar valve, but belonging to another

individual, showing a wide ligament area and the reniform

muscular scar.

Lopha solitaria (J. de C. Sowerby). ~

. A young form of this species showing a narrow oblong summit-

region, a widened base, and a series of deeply angulate diver-

gent ribs.

. Front margin of the same specimen, showing the prominent

angulations, which receive the interlocking parts of the

opposing valve.

Exogyra bruntrutana (Thurmann, P, de Loriol).

. Valve-interiors embedded in matrix.

Chlamys articulatus (Schlotheim).

Fig. 7. External view of a fragmentary valve, showing the lamellated

character of the costz.

Hinnites cf. inequistriatus (Voltz), Thurmann.

Fig. 8, Representing part of an upper valve taken from a plasticine cast

of a natural cavity in matrix, showing strong distant costz

and intermediate subsidiary ribbing.

Terebratula subsella, Leymerie.

tg. 9. Showing a large foramen lying close to the umbone of the dorsal

valve, and the biplicated base.

Ig. 10, Different view of the same specimen, exhibiting the biplicated

base of the dorsal valve, placed uppermost in the figure.

Rhynchonella sp.

Fig. 11. Shows dorsal valve chiefly, the other being hidden in matrix

with the exception of the narrow lateral surface of the beak.

Numerous ribs are present.

Stomatopora cf. waltoni, Haime.

Fig. 12. Showing dichotomizing branches and minute equidistant aper-

tures. X 3.

Rhabdocidaris sp.

fig. 13. Showing the trilateral form of this spine, with its marginal

/ote.—Figures of the natural size, with the exception of fig. 12

dentations, the median ridge, and the minutely beaded surface.

. - "ye . 2

which is magnified three diameters.

404 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

XLVII.—Papers on Oriental Carabide.—VI.

By H. E. AnpReweEs.

OmMOoOPHRRONINI.

Omophron chelys, sp. n.

Length 4°0 mm. ; width 2°70 mm.

Testaceous; head, prothorax (except margin), and an

elytral pattern dark green ; clypeus, middle of front, border

of prothorax and elytra, underside of head, and ventral sur-

face (except last segment) brown ; sterna and episterna

piceous.

Head shiny, flat, moderately punctate at sides and back,

smooth in middle, clypeus strongly bordered in front, sub-

ocular ridges extending beyond buccal fissure and curving

forwards at extremity, space between them and eyes rather

coarsely punctate.

Prothorax transverse, convex, shiny, base slightly bi-

sinuate on each side, and emarginate on each side at apex;

front angles acute and porrect, hind angles a little less than

right, side-margin broadly reflexed, the testaceous colour

extending but little inside it, a sight but noticeable break

in the contour at the junction of prothorax and elytra;

median line obsolete, surface moderately and uniformly

punctate, reflexed margins smooth. “

Klytra convex, hardly longer than wide, not much dilated

behind shoulders, 15-striate-punctate, the punctures evan-

escent near apex, 8-4 and 7-8 not extending beyond two-

thirds from base, 14 barely reaching one-third from base,

intervals smooth and shiny ; the green pattern is in the form

of a triangular patch, broad at base, where it extends on

each side to stria 8, and gradually narrowing to a point at

the apex,a broad square arm is sent out on each side

at about middle to stria 13, a small dark spot on interval 12

at about a sixth from apex, just opposite which the trian-

gular patch is slightly dilated.

Underside of head and ventral surface smooth, sides of

latter and whole of sterna and episterna coarsely punctate,

penultimate ventral segment bordered. In the tarsi (¢)

joint 1 of the front pair is in the form of an enormous

oblong plate, practically as long as joints 2-5, and twice as

wide as the tibiz, pilose above, scaly beneath, joint 2

slightly dilated; joint 1 of intermediate pair elongate, as

long as joints 2-4, and as wide as tibie.

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 405

A little larger and a little more elongate than O. bretting-

hame, Pasc., the puncturation of head, prothorax, and

elytral striz much coarser; the elytral pattern almost

exactly reproducing that of O. aziliaris, Chaud., but the

median arms are not contracted at the junction with the

main triangular patch, and the small hind arms are reduced

to small spots.

British Sikkim : Gopaldhara, 3500’, 1 ex., ¢ (H. Stevens).

In my collection. |

Omophron smaragdus, sp. u.

Length 6:0-6°5 mm,

Upperside dark green; front of head, clypeus, and

labrum, front and side-margins of prothorax, with a patch

on each side of base, a pattern on elytra, antenne, palpi,

legs (except cox), and apex of venter testaceous: under-

side more or less piceous.

Head flat, as long (with mandibles) as wide (1°9 mm.),

clypeus quadrisetose (as in O. maculosus, Chaud.), trans-

versely strigose in front, angularly emarginate behind,

middle of front smooth, minutely striate near eyes, coarsely

punctate behind, subocular ridges not reaching beyond

buccal-fissure, surface between them and eyes fiuely rugose-

striate ; joint 1 of antennz bisetose, joints 3-4 setose on

outer margin.

Prothorax slightly convex, transverse (2°0x 3:2 mm.),

sides gradually narrowed in front, slightly sinuate before

hind angles, all angles acute, surface coriaceous, moderately

and rather irregularly punctate, with some very coarse

punctures along the base.

Elytra very convex, a little longer than wide (4°2 x 4°6 mm.),

sharply widened behind shoulders and then evenly rounded

to apex ; 15-punctate-striate, strie fairly deep, with punc-

tures well-marked to near apex, 3 joiming 4 and 7 joining 8

at a sixth from apex, where they cease, 11 joining 12 at

same level, the joint stria continuing to near apex ; intervals

smooth and moderately convex, more strongly so towards

sides, but under a powerful lens an irregular row of minute

points is visible down the centre of each interval; each

elytron bears three irregular testaceous patches, the front

one extending from stria 6 to margin, more or less inter-

rupted on interval 10, and gradually widening outwards,

the middle one from stria 3 to margin, more or less inter-

rupted on intervals 6 and 10, the inner much narrower than

the outer portion, the colour on 7-9 in advance of the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 28

406 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.

remainder, apical patch small, extending a little forwards

on intervals 3-5 and 7-9. to the points where intervals

4 and 8 terminate, the marginal channel and in some speci-

mens also interval 15 (and even 14) testaceous.

Beneath, the sterna, episterna, and base of venter are

sparsely punctate, a setiferous pore on each side of last three

ventral segments ; front tarsi ¢ with joint 1 moderately

dilated, as long as 2-4 together, joint 2 slightly dilated.

In general appearance strikingly like O. maculosus, Chaud.

Head less rugose, more conspicuously punctate, the punc-

tures less confluent; prothorax very obviously punctate and

much less roughly coriaceous (in O. maculosus the punctures

hardly show except along front margin), the green patch

larger, the testaceous colour at base and sides separated

(or almost so); elytra rather more strongly rounded behind

shoulder, the minute puncturation of intervals much less

evident, strize rather deeper and more strongly punctate,

front and middle patches not interrupted on interval 13.

Kumaon: W. Almora, 1 ex., Ranikhet, 4 ex. (H. G.

Champion). Mr. Champion has presented the type-speci-

men to the British Museum.

Omophron gemma, sp. 0.

Length 3°75-4:0 mm.

Upper surface dark metallic green, shiny; clypeus and

labrum dark red, a spot on middle of front, side-margins of

prothorax and elytra (latter with irregular inner edge),

palpi, antennz (darker at base), and legs testaceous ; under

surface more or less piceous, venter lighter.

Head transverse, rather flat, moderately and not very

closely punctate, sparsely on front, clypeus smooth, bisetose,

strongly bordered in front, arcuate behind, subocular ridge

extending beyond buccal fissure, surface between it and eye

coarsely punctate ; joint 1 of antenne unisetose, joints 3-4

glabrous on outer margin.

Prothorax convex, strongly transverse, base bisinuate on

each side, front angles very acute, hind angles only slightly

acute, sides gradually coutracted from base to apex, the

general contour hardly broken at point where they join

elytra, margins narrowly explanate and nearly smooth,

general surface moderately punctate, a little more sparsely

on disk, testaceous border narrow, but widening towards

apex.

Elytra very convex, as wide as long (2°6 mm.), moderately

rounded behind shoulders and ev enly rounded to apex ; strize

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Garabide. 407

rather finely punctate-striate, 1-12 clearly marked at base,

13-14 represented by one or two punctures only, 11-12

disappearing at a half, and all strize becoming evanescent at

two-thirds from base, intervals flat and smooth; the testa-

ceous border extends at base to stria 11, contracts midway

to 12, expands sharply to 8, contracts again to about 10, and

reaches apex by a rather irregular curved line.

Beneath, the sterna are coarsely punctate, the meta-

sternum sparsely, metepisterna and base of ventral surface

with a few very coarse punctures; front tarsi ¢ with joint 1

moderately dilated, as long as 2-4 together, joint 2 slightly

dilated.

Very near O. brettinghame, Pasc., but a little larger and

of a brighter green colour, the testaceous border narrower

and with a more jagged inner ridge. Head more closely and

more coarsely punctate, prothorax more closely punctate,

elytral strize and punctures deeper, testaceous border dentate

(inwardly) just behind middle, and again near apex (in O.

brettinghame the inner margin of this border is gently

undulating).

Kumaon: W. Almora (H. G. Champion), 7 ex., f 9.

Mr. Champion has presented the type-specimen to the

British Museum.

CaRABINI.

Carabus sanchari, sp. n.

Length 19:0-24°0 mm.

Black, with faint zneous reflection on upper surface.

Head fairly broad, longer than wide (3°8 x 4°5 mm. with

mandibles), flat, frontal fovee short but moderately deep,

not quite reaching front of clypeus, surface coarsely and

confluently rugose-punctate ; clypeus and middle of front

(nearly) smooth, neck swollen, labrum a little emarginate,

eyes moderately prominent, antennz reaching to basal fifih

of elytra, setose from joint 5, jomt 2=4, 3 and 4 strougly

constricted at base, mandibles strong but not elongate, a

bifid tooth on each at about middle, maxillary palpi with

penultimate and last joints equal, last joint of all palpi

moderately dilated towards apex and truncate, but with edges

of truncature rounded, mentum with a simple tooth, rounded

and a little dilated at apex, as long as lobes.

Prothorax quadrate, transverse (3°75 x 4°75 mm.), widest

at about a third from apex, rather deeply emarginate in

front, base truncate but bent back close to hind angles,

a little wider than apex ; sides gently rounded in front and

28*

408 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.

lightly sinuate behind, a well-marked border along front

margin and sides, narrowly reflexed and slightly crenulate

along latter, visible only at sides of base, front angles in-

conspicuous, hind ones rather sharply rounded, projecting

downwards and backwards ; median line well-marked, basal

fovez rudimentary, surface coarsely and confluently rugose-

punctate, a little less closely on front of disk.

Elytra (7°5 x 125 mm.) elongate-ovate, convex, sides

rather strongly rounded, contracted towards base, widest at

about three-fifths from base, shoulders rounded, border

narrow and very slightly reflexed, without sinuation before

apex; striz faintly punctured, three primary intervals, each

with about ten punctures, of same width as intervals, a

minute tubercle in front of each puncture, secondary and

tertiary intervals of equal width, their evenness broken by

slight ill-defined tubercles and depressions, a little narrower

than primaries, apical fourth very irregularly sculptured

and, with the sides, including marginal channel, minutely

tuberculate.

On the underside the prosternal process is wide and flat,

the mesosternum deeply hollowed in middle, the metepi-

sterna a little wider than long, and the ventral segments

with only a vestige of a border. In the front tarsi (3)

there are four dilated joints.

Of specialized setz there are:—one on each side of the

labrum, and a row of 8 along the front margin, one on each

side of the clypeus and one supraorbital, none beneath the

head; two marginal at each side of prothorax, one at apical

third and the second at some little distance before hind

angle; ventral seginents with one on each side of median

line, apical segment on each side with one marginal towards

base, and 2(¢), 3 (2), near apex; hind coxe with two,

one behind the other, intermediate tibiz thickly clothed

externally with reddish hairs.

At first sight not unlike C. indicus, Fairm., but the head

and prothorax much more coarsely sculptured, and the sides

of the elytra more rounded. Head much wider, eyes less

prominent, joint 4 of antenne much shorter and _ thicker,

and (like 3) constricted at base; prothorax quadrate,

flatter, hind angles widely rounded ; elytra more regularly

striate, without minute irregular raised lines between the

main intervals, margin without trace of sinuation before

apex. The elytra are very much like those of C. wallichi,

Hope, but the striz in the latter are more regular and more

evenly disposed, without any minute tubercles except near

the apex.

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 409

Sikkim: Gnatong and “beyond Jalep,’ ¢ 2. Iam

indebted to Mr. René Oberthiir for examples of this new

species,

Carabus wallichi, Hope, Zool. Misc. 1831, p. 21.

In commenting on this species (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1919, p. 171), I pointed out that the type agreed with the

description -of C. indicus, Fairm. I was not at that time

aware of the paper published by Dr. Roeschke in the volume

for 1900 of ‘ Entomologische Nachrichten.’ In this he says

quite rightly (p. 59) that the quaternary intervals in C.

wallichi are wanting, and he puts down indicus as a variety.

Having now seen the type of Fairmaire’s species, I agree

with Dr. Roeschke, and indeed there are differences which

Fairmaire’s description hardly brings out. In C. wallichi

the prothorax, instead of being finely rugose-punctate, is

rather coarsely, though shallowly, punctate; the elytra are

wider and more rounded at the sides, widest behind middle,

the striz distinctly crenulate, the intervals considerably

wider, and the so-called quaternary intervals entirely

wanting. I have seen no other example of Carabus from

Nepal.

Reitter says of the subgenus Meganebrius, Kraatz (‘ Be-

stimmungs-Tabelle der europadischen Coleopteren, Carabini,’

1896, pp. 191-2), in which C. indicus, Fairm., is placed,

“ prothorax in front with at least two, generally with three

lateral sete.”? I am unable to confirm this from my own

observation ; I have in my collection a single example with

two setz close together on each side, but in ail the other

examples I have seen from Sikkim there has been only one.

In C. wallichi the sete have disappeared, and owing to the

general puncturation I cannot now determine how many

original setiferous pores (if any) there may have been.

SITAGONINI.

Siagona cyathodera, sp. 0.

S. punctulata, Bates (not Chaud.), Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 286.

Length 22:0 mm.

Black, shiny, with greyish pubescence. Winged.

Head (with mandibles) a little longer than wide (4°6x

5'O mm.), moderately convex, fairly closely punctate, more

sparsely on disk, constriction of neck only moderately deep,

neck smooth except for a very few small punctures at sides ;

frontal ridges thickened and rounded in front, attenuated

410 ‘Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

behind, not fractured, eyes moderately prominent, antennz

reaching middle of elytra, supra-maxillary plates large,

rather square in front but with angle rounded, mandibles

small, bordered at base on the outside, striate on the inside.

Prothorax transverse (4°0x6°0 mm.), disk rather flat,

sides convex, apex slightly and widely emarginate, sides

very strongly rounded from apex to basal sinuation ; lateral

grooves deep, almost interrupted in middle, curved slightly

inwards at base, bent sharply outwards near apex, median

line sharply incised, lying at the bottom of a fairly deep

longitudinal depression; puncturation fairly close, much

finer than on head, less close between median line and

lateral grooves, much closer along margins of base and apex.

Elytra (68x 12-4 mm.) flat, regularly elongate-oval,

shoulders evident but not prominent, closely aciculate-

punctate and pubescent, very closely near margin, a raised

oblique line (outwards and backwards) across shoulder on

each side, along which are half-a-dozen large setiferous

pores, a few similar pores along sides and near apex, and a

row of them, slightly interrupted in middle, in marginal

channel.

A good deal larger than S. punctulata, Chaud. (which

measures from 16°0-18:0 mm. in Jength), but differing

chiefly in the form of the prothorax, which is wider and

much more sharply contracted both in front and behind.

The head is relatively larger, the clypeal suture deeper, anc

the constriction of the neck shallower; the prothorax, in

addition to its greater width and more rounded sides, is

more deeply channelled along the median line, and is less

closely punctate; the elytra are relatively longer, and also

less closely punctate.

Upper Burma: Bhamo, 3 ex. (ea coll. Fea), m my

collection.

Siagona pygmea, sp. n.

Length 8°5 mm.

Dark red, legs a little lighter, moderately shiny ; head

(except neck), a longitudinal stripe on each side of the pro-

thorax, margins and suture of elytra, as also a vague shade

on the disk,-piceous. Pubescence yellowish, fairly short.

Apterous.

Head a little longer than wide (1:7 x 2:1 mm.), small,

slightly convex, frontal ridges entire, rounded in front, not

reaching beyond eyes behind, surface moderately and rather

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. A411

closely punctate, neck rather deeply constricted, finely punc-

tate, supra-maxillary plates small, converging forwards,

rounded in front, eyes very small and inconspicuous from

above, antennz exceptionally thick and long, reaching

slightly beyond middle of elytra, mandibles small, bordered

externally.

Prothorax a little transverse (2:0 x 2°4 mm.), flat, widely

emarginate at apex, sides gently rounded in front, more

strongly behind, the front angles rounded; lateral grooves

moderately deep near base and apex, interrupted in middle,

median line extremely fine, surface moderately, closely, and

nearly uniformly punctate.

Elytra of same width as prothorax (4°4 mm. long), regu-

larly oval, flat, shoulders strongly rounded, surface mode-

rately and closely punctate, humeral ridge nearly obsolete, a

few large setiferous pores on shoulders and along sides.

Rather smaller than S. flesus, F., and otherwise coloured,

quite without the large piceous patch on the disk of the

elytra, the puncturation of head and prothorax finer. Head

smaller, but otherwise similar ; prothorax with finer median

line, front angles more conspicuous, lateral grooves much

deeper in front, where they bend round towards the angles ;

elytra shorter, shoulders even more rounded, surface a little

more coarsely and closely punctate.

Bombay: Belgaum district, 3 ex., which I took during

the rains in 1886.

Siagona kulla, sp. n.

Length 7:75-8:50 mm.

Piceous, moderately shiny, antennz, ventral surface, and

legs (except femora) dark red. Pubescence yellowish, fairly

short. Winged.

Closely allied to S. pygmea just described, but differing

(apart from coloration) in the following particulars :—Head

with the supra-maxillary plates parallel and wider, the eyes

more conspicuous. Prothorax more coarsely and less closely

punctate, the front angles more broadly rounded and less

prominent, lateral grooves less deeply impressed in front,

disk depressed behind on each side of median line. Elytra

a little longer and a little less flat, shoulders less rounded,

the puncturation identical. Insect winged.

Central Provinces: Nagpur (H. A. D’ Abreu). Several

examples. Mr. D’Abreu has kindly allowed me to retain

the type in my collection.

412 Mr, C. T. Regan on new Fishes from

XLVIII.—New Fishes from Deep Water off the Coast of

Natal. By C. Tate Reean, M.A., F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A COLLECTION of fishes received from Messrs. H. W. Bell

Marley and Romer Robinson is of considerable interest.

The specimens were trawled in rather deep water, 120 to

130 fathoms, 15 to 22 miles off the Umvoti River, Natal. A

large proportion of the species are new, and several of the

others are new to Natal ; their faunal relationship is in many

directions, but that with Japan preponderates. The species

already known are :—

Squalus acutipinnis, Regan.

Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus, Gmelin.

Saurida ti Josquamis, Richards.

Fistularia serrata, Cuv.

Gephyroberya darwinit, Johnson.

Zeus japonicus, Cuv. & Val.

Antigonia capros, Lowe.

Histiopterus spinifer, Gilchy.

Peristedion adeni, Lioyd.

Chaunax pictus, Lowe.

Of these, Histiopterus spinifer requires a new description.

Histiopterus spinifer, Gilchr., 1994.

Depth of body 1% in length, length of head nearly 3.

Anterior profile less irregular than in 1. typus and ZH. acuti-

rostris, the snout less concave, the interorbital region less

prominent. Hye in middle of length of head; diameter 4

in length of head, equal to interorbital width. Maxillary

extending to between nostril and eye. 16 gill-rakers on

Jower part of anterior arch. 60 scales ina longitudinal series.

Dorsal IV 26 ; first spine short; seeond # diameter of eye;

third strong, # length of head; fourth more slender, as long

as head; soft fin highest anteriorly, edge nearly straight,

posteriorly a little convex. Anal III 10; second spine

strongest and longest, 3 length of head, as long as longest

soft rays. Pectoral as long as head ; pelvics reaching anal.

Caudal slightly emarginate. Traces of broad dark bands

across the body.

A specimen of 350 mm.

A second smaller specimen (150 mm.) has the body

Deep Water off the Coast of Natal. 413

deeper (depth 12 in length), the anterior profile steeper, and

the dorsal fin higher, bearing a considerable general resem-

blance to the young H. typus figured by Kner and Stein-

dachner. Gilchrist’s specimen was only 72 mm, (to base of

caudal), and had the body still deeper and other juvenile

characters.

The following appear to be new to science :—

Scyliorhinus (Halelurus) polystigma, sp. n.

Snout rounded, its preeoral length 4 the distance between

outer edges of nasal flaps; latter without cirri, not confluent

with upper lip, separated by an interspace equal to twice the

length of the posterior edge of either. Mouth 14 as wide

as long ; no labial folds; upper lip not overlapping lower at

angles of mouth. Posterior gill-openings smaller and closer

together than anterior. First dorsal origiy ating above end of

base of pelvics ; anterior angle rounded, , vsterior rectangular ;

base ? distance from second dorsal, which is larger than first

and originates above end of base of anal. Length of base of

anal 1? that of first dorsal, 14 that of second, 2 its distance

from caudal. Pectoral rounded, extending nearly 2 the

distance from its origin to that of pelvics, which in the male

are united for about the basal third of their posterior edges.

Upper surface covered with numerous small rounded spots.

A single specimen, 320 mm. in total length.

Apparently related to S. buergeri, Mill. & Henle, from

Japan, but resembling the subgenus Scyliorhinus in the

united pelvic fins.

Seyliorhinus (Cephaloscyllium) sufflans, sp. n.

Snout obtusely pointed, its preoral length 4 the distance

between outer edges of nasal flaps; latter without cirri,

separated by an interspace which is 13 the length of the

posterior edge of either and 5 times their distance from edge

of lip. Month twice as wide as long ; no labial folds. Gill-

openings subequal ; last two closer together than others.

First dorsal originating above middle of pelvics; anterior

angle rounded, posterior obtuse; base 13 that of second

dorsal and equal to its distance from that fin, which ends

nearly above end of anal. Base of anal nearly equal to that

of first dorsal, longer than its distance from caudal. Pectoral

with rounded angles, extending not quite 4 the distance from

its origin to that of pelvics. Greyish, without distinct spots

or markings, 3

A single specimen, 750 mm. in total length.

414 Mr. C. T. Regan on new Fishes from

HETERONARCE, gen. nov.

Differs from Narcine in the minute nostrils, the length of

the anterior nasal valves, which are confluent to form a

curtain that is not much broader than long and is studded

with pores, and the lateral position of the posterior nasal

valves.

In addition to the species described below, this genus

includes Narcine mollis, Lloyd (Mem. Ind. Mus. ii. p. 144,

pl. xlvi. figs. 1, 1a), from the Gulf of Aden, at 130 fathoms.

Heteronarce garmani, sp. n.

Very similar to H. mollis, but eyes and spiracles much

smaller, snout longer, mouth and nasal valves smaller, and

coloration of lower surface different. Spiracles as large

as eyes, which ean be completely covered by the lower lids ;

diameter of eye+spiracle 2 interspiracular width, which is

about 3 length of snout (preocular). Internasal width 4

length of snout (preeoral) or 74; width of disc; nasal curtain

2 as long as broad, with straight posterior edge. Brown

above ; white below.

A single specimen, 170 mm. in total length.

Named in honour of Dr. 8. Garman, in recognition of his

work on the Selachians.

Ateleopus natalensis, sp. 0.

Length of head about equal to its distance from origin of

anal; length from end of snout to origin of dorsal about }, to

origin of anal about 4 of total length. Snout prominent;

eye nearly in middle of length of head, its diameter 7 to 8 in

length of head; interorbital width 4 in length of head.

Mouth wide; lips smooth or with minute papille; lower jaw

toothless, included within upper, its length 4 length of head ;

angle obtuse, without spine. 10 gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. Dorsal 9-10; height equal to length of

pectoral. Anal+caudal 104-108. Pectoral 3 to # length

of head, pelvics 2 to 3 length of head, slightly expanded

distally. Greyish ; fins blackish.

Two specimens, 480 and 540 mm. long.

In the larger the length of the pectoral fin is 3 and that of

the pelvic fin $ the length of head; in the smaller the pectoral

is # and the pelvic 3 the length of head.

A. indicus, Alcock, from the Indian Ocean, is well distin-

guished by the fewer anal rays (A+C 76-80).

Deep Water off the Coast of Natal. 415

A. plicatellus, Gilbert, from Hawaii, is much nearer to

A. nata/ensis, but appears to differ in the shorter pelvic fins

(2 length of head), shorter snout, and wider interorbital region

(each a little more than 4 length of head). Also the lips are

said to be finely plicate and the lower jaw to have a spine at

the angle.

A. japonicus, Schleg., from Japan, has teeth in the lower

jaw (in the specimen, 240 mm. long, in the British Museum) ;

distance from snout to origin of dorsal 4, to origin of anal 2,

of total length ; snout } head, ete.

Celorhynchus denticulatus, sp. n.

Head as long as distance from isthmus to vent. Snout

acutely pointed, with slightly convex edges, 13 diameter of

eye, which is 4 in length of head; interorbital width 32 in

length of head. Mouth rather large, its width rather more

than 4 width of head; length of upper jaw a little shorter

than snout; maxillary ending below posterior 4 of eye ;

barbel nearly as long as eye. Scales with spinules arranged

in 10 to 16 parallel series; 4 scales between dorsal fin and

lateral line. First dorsal 1l-rayed; base a little less than

distance from second dorsal. Pectoral 4 length of head ;

pelvics 7-rayed, as long as eye. Coloration uniform.

A single specimen, 270 mm. in total length.

Acropoma cynodon, sp. n.

Depth of body nearly 4 in length, length of head 23.

Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 34 in

length of head ; interorbital region flattish, its width 44

in head. Lower jaw strongly projecting ; maxillary with a

narrow supplemental bone, ending below middle of eye.

None of the teeth depressible ; upper jaw with a narrow band

of small villiform teeth and a pair of strong anterior canines

set well apart; teeth in lower jaw all pointing backwards,

uniserial, stronger at the sides than in front, except for a

pair of symphysial canines; small teeth on vomer and a single

series on palatines. Przeorbital narrow; scaly part of cheek

longer than deep. Praoperculum thin, rounded, with serrated

edge; operculum with 2 points. Gill-membranes separate ;

7 branehiostegals. Gill-rakers long, 16 on lower part of

anterior arch. 2 dorsals, almost continuous, with 1X, I 10

rays ; spines slender ; third at least as long as eye, first and

ninth } as long; soft fin highest anteriorly. Anal [II 7;

416 Mr. C. T. Regan on new Fishes from

third spine longest, as long as eye. Pectoral pointed, upper

rays longest, nearly as long as head, reaching origin of anal.

Pelvics below pectorals, extending 3 of distance from their

base to anal. Caudal emarginate. Scales thin, cycloid or

feebly ctenoid; about 46 in a longitudinal series ; lateral

line complete, continuous, parallel with dorsal profile, above

middle of side until it reaches caudal fin. Colour reddish (?).

A single specimen, 165 mm. in total length.

Near A. splendens (Synagrops splendens, Lloyd, Mem. Ind.

Mus. ii. p. 159, pl. xlvii. fig. 5), from the Gulf of Oman, at

230 fathoms. The anterior canines are stronger than in

A. japonicum.

Smaris australis, sp. n.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 in length of fish.

Snout as long as eye, 3 in length of head ; interorbital width

3g. Maxillary extending to vertical from anterior edge of

eye. 20 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 60 scales

in a longitudinal series, 6 from origin of dorsal to lateral line.

Dorsal XII 9; fourth and fifth spines longest, 2 length of

head; last spine and anterior soft rays #. Anal III 7;

second and third spines equal, 4 length of head. Pectoral

as long as head, reaching anal. Caudal forked. Caudal

peduncle twice as long as deep. Coloration uniform.

T'wo specimens, 170 and 220 mm. in total length.

Chilodactylus brevispinis, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 in the length, length of head 3%. Dia-

meter of eye 4 in length of head, equal to interorbital width,

less than length of snout. Maxillary extending to below

posterior nostril. 12 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch. 52 scales in a longitudinal series, 5 from origin of

dorsal to lateral line. Dorsal XVIII 30; spines subequal

from fifth, which is nearly 4 length of head. Anal III 9;

second spine longest, $ length of head. Pectoral with 6 or 7

simple rays, the uppermost scarcely projecting, the next the

longest, as long as head, free for its distal 2, reaching vent.

A single specimen, 250 mm. in total length.

Uranoscopus archionema, sp. n.

Depth of body equal to distance from chin or snout to

posterior edge of occiput, 4 to 43 in length of fish. Diameter

of eye 4 to 5 in length of head (snout to end of operculum),

equal to or a little less than interorbital width. Valve of

Deep Water off the Coast of Natal. 417

lower jaw with a small pointed median projection. Bones

of upper surface of head rough, with blunt ridges; depth

of suborbital equal to that of naked area below it ; preeorbital

with one or two blunt spines; 1 subopercular and 4 or 5

preopercular spines ; 2 divergent supraclavicular spines, the

inner short; humeral spine 4 to ? length of head. 52 to 56

oblique series of scales from behind humeral spine to eaudal.

Dorsal LV 13; spines flexible; fourth soft ray longest, 2 to

JF length of head. Anal 13; base aS long as its distance from

hind end of base of pelvics; last ray nearly reaching caudal.

Pectoral 17, as long as caudal, # head. Greyish or brownish,

with or without numerous rounded pale spots; spinous

dorsal blackish.

‘I'wo specimens, 130 and 280 mm. long.

There are two other South-African examples of Uranoscopus

in the British Museum—one from Mossel Bay and the other

from off the Tugela River, 64 to 73 fathoms. ‘These have

been determined as U. occidentalis, Agass., a species unsatis-

factorily described as from the Atlantic, and probably a

synonym of U. scaber. ‘The 'Tugela specimen is U. archio-

nema, but the one from the Cape seems to belong to a new

species *.

Strembo (Haplobrotula) gnathopus, sp. n.

Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, which is 5

in length of fish and equal to its distance from origin of anal;

distance from end of snout to origin of dersal 4 in length

of fish. Snout obtuse, a little shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 43 in length of head and equal to interorbital width.

Upper surface ef head naked; cheeks and opercles scaly.

Lower jaw included ; maxillary extending beyond eye, the

width of its distal end equal to length of snout. Praoper-

culum with 8 spines. 18 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior

arch ; posterior rather long, anterior small tubercles, Lateral

line complete and continuous ; 8 or 9 scales between it and

origin of dorsal. Dorsal 105, scaleless ; origin above anterior

4 ot pectoral. Anal 85. Pectoral 2 length of head. Pelvics

* Uranoscopus haplostoma, sp. nu.

Near U. archionema, but mandibular valve with regular margin,

without trace of lobe or filament ; suborbital deeper than naked part of

cheek; humeral spine ¢ head; third ray of soft dorsal longest; base

of au as long as its distance from spines on pelyis. D.1V,13. <A. 14.

Se. 56.

‘Voial length 180 mm.

Mossel Bay, 5. Africa,

4 length of head, inserted at middle of length of lower jaw,

below anterior } of eye. Greyish; vertical fins blackish

posteriorly.

A single specimen, 300 mm. in total length.

Parabembras robinsont, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 in length, length of head (to end of oper-

eular flap) 23. Snout a8 long as diameter of eye, which is 32

in length of head and 4 times interorbital width. Teeth

small, villiform, in bands in jaws and on vomer and palatines ;

lower jaw projecting ; maxillary not quite reaching to below

middle of eye. A lateral series of 6 spines, 1 preeorbital,

3 suborbital, and 2 preeopercular; supraorbital margin with

about 15 serrations. Dorsals X,19; fourth to sixth spines

longest, a little longer than diameter of eye. Anal III 5;

second spine longest, a little shorter than diameter of eye.

Pectoral 19-rayed, 2 length of head; pelvies } length of

head. Caudal subtruncate. 40 scales in lateral line, which

is nearly parallel to dorsal profile, reaching middle of side on

caudal peduncle. Coloration pale, uniform.

A single specimen, 240 mm. long.

P. curtus, Schleg., from Japan, as described and figured,

appears to differ in having fewer and stronger supraorbital

serrations, only one przopercular spine in line with the

suborbitals, but two additional spines below it, spinous dorsal

fin more elevated, etc.

Cynoglossus ( Trulla) marleyi, sp. n.

Depth of body nearly 4 in the length, length of head 53.

Suout obtusely pointed, as long as postorbital part of head.

Hiyes close together, upper further forward than lower;

diameter 8 in length of head. Apparently only one nostril

on left side, in front of lower eye. Angle of mouth below

posterior edge of lower eye, considerably nearer to gill-

opening than to end of snout. Scales ctenoid ; 130 in a

longitudinal series; 3 lateral lines on left side; 20 scales

between upper and middle lateral lines. Dorsal 130.

Anal 110. Brownish ; fins blackish.

A single specimen, 340 mm. long.

Chirolophius insidiator, sp. n.

Disc longer than broad, + length of fish. Smnout 12 dia-

meter of eye, which is 5 in length of head and equal to inter-

orbital width. Preemaxillaries with two series of depressible

Deep Water off the Coast of Natal. 419

teeth anteriorly and one series of small fixed teeth laterally.

Spines on head as in other species of the genus. Humeral

spine bifid. Dorsal VI, 8 ; first spine ending in a flap, when

laid back reaching posterior edge of eye; second longer ;

third longest, $ length of head. Anal6. Pectorals 18-rayed.

Greyish ; exposed part of tongue mottled; inside of mouth

otherwise unpigmented ; lower surface of pharynx, behind

the branchial region, blackish.

Two specimens, 120 and 160 mm. in total length.

Near C. gracilimanus, Alcock, which differs in having the

second dorsal spine longest, at least ? the length of the disc.

: Halieutea liogaster, sp. n.

Disc broader than long, its length nearly twice length of

tail (without caudal fin). Upper surface with strong scattered

spines, mostly 4-rooted; marginal spines bifid or multifid;

no small spines and no granules. Lower surface smooth

except for asubmarginal series of spines. Diameter of eye

64 to 74 in length of disc, equal to or a little less than inter-

orbital width; orbital margins raised. Rostral tentacle

3-lobed, the lower lobes fringed below ; anterior edge of roof

of tentacle-chamber posterior to edge of disc. Width of

mouth ? width of disc. Dorsal with 5 rays, anal with 4,

pectoral with 14. Anal, when laid back, not nearly reaching

caudal, which is as long as pectoral, 2 length of fish (without

caudal). Greyish ; part of upper surface with dark markings

forming a large meshed reticulation.

Two specimens, 93 and 160 mm. long.

This species is very similar to the Japanese H. stellata,

Wahl, which has the skin granular and some small spines

between the large ones,

The following is from water of less depth :—

Pagellus microlepis, sp. n.

Depth of body 24 in the length, length of head 38. Snout

a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in length of

head and equal to interorbital width. Upper surface of head

naked except for a band of scales on each side from operculum

to occiput ; 8 horizontal series of scales on cheek. Teeth in

rather broad bands, outer acute, anteriorly somewhat enlarged,

inner obtusely conical or molariform. Maxillary extending

to below posterior nostril ; preorbital narrow, the distance

420 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaridee.

from eye to end of maxillary 2 diameter of eye. 17 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 90 scales in lateral

line, 15 between anterior dorsal spines and lateral line.

Dorsal XI 12 ; spines slender, fourth longest, a little more

than 4 length of head; soft rays gradually decreasing in

length posteriorly, the first nearly 2 length of head.

Anal III 10; third spine longest, as long as soft rays, 4

length of head. Pectoral as long as head, reaching aual.

Caudal forked. Greyish silvery ; dorsal, anal, and pelvic

fins blackish ; a black band across anterior part of interorbital

region.

A single specimen, 195 mm. long, taken at a depth of

25 fathoms.

XLIX.—Ezotic Muscaride (Diptera).—II1.*

By J. R. Matuocu, Urbana, Ill., U.S.A.

ASIATIC SPECIES.

Family Tachinidae.

Genus XENOTACHINA, NOV.

Generic characters. — Fourth wing-vein continued to

margin in an almost straight line, not curved forward ;

arista plumose; all wing-veins without setule; abdomen

cylindrical, slightly tapered to apex, the tergites slightly

overlapping sternites and with strong macrochete at apices ;

eyes of male widely separated, all frontal bristles except

the upper. supraorbital directed mesad; ocellar and post-

ocellar bristles very small and weak; palpi normal; pro-

boscis short and fleshy; sternopleural bristles 3, in an

equilateral triangle; prosternum, pteropleura, and_ basal

abdominal sternite bare; hypopleura with about four weak

bristles in a vertical series in front of and slightly below the

spiracle, the latter with some marginal hairs.

Genotype, the following species.

Xenotachina pallida, sp. n.

Male—Pale yellowish testaceous. cellar triangle, a

patch on each side of upper half of occiput, and a poorly

* For Part I, see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) vii., Feb. 1921,

pp. 161-178.

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Hwotte Muscaride. 491

defined central line on abdominal tergites 3 and 4 brownish.

Wings clear. Calyptre and halteres yellow.

Frons at vertex a little less than one-third of the head-

width, widened anteriorly, each orbit with about seven

bristles of unequal lengths ; parafacial linear ; cheek a little

higher than width of third antennal segment, the laticr

narrow, about three times as long as second; longest hairs

on arista longer than width of third antennal segment ;

aristal hairs continued to apex. Thorax without strong

presutural acrostichals ; postsutural dorso-centrals 3; scutel-

lum carried well over apex of metanotum, with four strong

marginal bristles. Hypopygium concealed. Fore tibia with

a weak antero-dorsal and a strong posterior median bristle ;

mid-tibia with three posterior bristles; hind femur with

some long, weak, widely spaced bristles on basal three-

fourths and three short stout bristles on apical fourth of

autero-ventral surface, the postero-ventral surface with some

long, slender, widely spaced bristles; hind tibia with two

antero-dorsal, two or three antero-ventral, and two postero-

dorsal bristles; hind tarsus without a basal ventral bristle

on basal segment.

Length 5 mm.

Type, North-west India (no other data).

This species presents some conflicting characters. The

venation is typically Anthomyiid, but the shape of the

abdomen and the strong apical bristles on all segments, as

well as the presence of a vertical series of bristles on the

hypopleura, are just as strong evidences of Tachinid relation-

ships. The arrangement of the sternopleural bristles is

different from that of most Tachinide and similar to that

which is found in all Coenosiinz. Ihave had some hesitation

in placing the genus in the Tachinide, but as at present

limited it is impossible to include it in the Muscaride. The

limits of most families in this suborder are very indefinite,

and possibly with a fuller knowledge of the fauna of the

world some of them will have to be united, as is the case

with Muscaride and Anthomyiide.

Family Muscarida.

Subfamily Pz4owzyz.

Genus XENOSI1A, nov.

Generic characters.—First and third wing-veins setulose

above, the third setulose below at base ; anterior intra-alar

bristle absent ; hypopleura with some hairs on upper margin

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 29

422 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.

in front of spiracle; pteropleura, prosternum, and basal

abdominal sternite bare ; fourth wing-vein curved forward

at apex ; hind tibial calcar absent.

Genotype, Mydea ungulata, Stein.

This species was originally described from Java. I have

before me a female specimen from Kasauli, North-west

India, taken by Lt.-Col. F. Wyville-Thomson.

The genus very closely resembles Cyrtoneurina, Giglio-Tos,

but the latter has the pteropleura and basal abdominal

sternite hairy.

Subfamily [email protected].

Pygophora semilutea, sp. n.

Male.—Head yellow; upper half of front orbits, ocellar

triangle, back of head, centre of face above, and proboscis

blackened. Thorax black, grey pruinescent. Abdomen

yellow, base of first tergite, a central spot on second, a large

part of posterior half of third in centre, nearly all of fourth,

and all of fifth tergites blackened; base of hypopygium

black. Legs yellow. Wings clear. Calyptrz “white.

Halteres yellow.

Third antennal segment about four times as long as

second. Abdomen compressed at apex; fourth tergite

almost prow-like in centre, with rather dense curved setulose

hairs on each side of central elevated portion, and some

bristles at apex, the lateral extremities with numerous long

bristles ; fifth tergite with long bristly hairs on sides.

Bristling of legs normal; hind tibia with a_ short

preapical ventral. protuberance ; basal segment of hind

tarsus slightly arched at base. Wing-veins 8 and 4 slightly

convergent apically.

Length 5'5 mm.

Type, Kandy, Ceylon, 21. v. 1892 (Col. J. W. Yerbury).

This species resembles in colour immaculipennis, Frey, but

that species has the hind tibia without the small preapical

ventral process—a fact which ‘caused Stein to place the

species in Cenosia.

AFRICAN SPECIES.

Subfamily Awrzomurimz.

Genus Emmesomyia, Malloch.

Emmesomyia tarda (Stein).

Pegomyia tarda, Stein, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar. xi. p. 559 (1913).

This species is a typical Emmesomyia. I have before

{

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Heotic Muscaridee. 423

me one female from Dunkwa, Ashanti, West Africa, 2. vii.

1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham).

Emmesomyia africana, sp. n.

Female.—Y ellow-testaceous, shining. Head black, anterior

margin of frons and cheeks brownish, base of arista yellowish.

Thorax with a broad fuscous dorso-central vitta. Abdo-

men slightly infuscated, but without black apical margins

to tergites. Legs yellow. Wings clear. MHalteres and

calyptre yellow.

Bristling of frons typical of the genus; arista with its

longest hairs distinctly longer than its basal diameter.

Thorax with three pairs of widely separated acrostichals, and

between them three or four series of setulose hairs in front

of suture; prealar short. Fore tibia with a short antero-

dorsal and a longer posterior median bristle ; mid-tibia with

three posterior bristles; hind femur with three or four

widely spaced bristles on basal three-fourths and two stronger

near apex on antero-ventral surface, and some weaker bristles

on basal two-thirds of postero-ventral; hind tibia with one

antero-ventral, two antero-dorsal, and two postero-dorsal

bristles. Costal thorn minute. -

Length 5 mm.

Type, Zungeru, Northern Nigeria, xi. 1910 (Dr. J. W.

Scott-Macjie).

Differs from farda in having only two bristles on the

antero-dorsal surface of the hind tibia.

Emmesomyia nigrolutea, sp. n.

Female.—Head black ; frons and face with greyish pruin-

escence; antennee and palpi black. Thorax, when seen from

behind, densely grey pruinescent, with a pair of widely

separated black spots on anterior margin and three less

widely separated spots behind suture; base of scutellum

black. Abdomen yellow, with a moderately broad dorso-

central vitta on segments 2 and 4, and a narrow fascia on

apices of all segments black; anterior half of each segmeut

from 2 to 4 infuscated, the infuscated parts when seen from

behind covered with whitish pruinescence. Legs yellow,

apices of all femora narrowly infuscated, tarsi brown. Wings

clear. Calyptree and halteres yellow.

Head and thorax as in preceding species. Fore tibia with

a short preapical antero-dorsal bristle, the posterior bristle

absent in the type; mid-tibia with an antero-dorsal and three

posterior bristles ; hind femur with a bristle near middle and

. z9*

424 Mr. J. BR: Malloch on Exotic Muscaridee.

two near apex on antero-ventral surface, and one near middle

on postero-ventral ; hind tibia with two postero-dorsal, one

antero-ventral, and three antero-dorsal bristles. Costal thorn

of moderate length.

Length 6°5 mm.

Type, Higo Samula, Abyssinia, 30. x. 1911 (R. J. Stordy).

Most closely resembles Teniomyia maculithorax, Stein,

but the colour of the legs and bristling of hind tibia differ.

Genus TaniomyIA, Stein.

I have in another magazine cited as the type of this genus

fascigera, Stein. I have before me a female of this species

from Oshogbo, 8. Nigeria (Dr. T. G. F. Mayer), which

enables me to designate as a character for distinguishing

Teniomyia from Emmesomyia, Malloch, and Pegomyia, R.-D.,

the presence of a number of setulose hairs on the upper part

of the pteropleura. In Emmesomyia there is a fine bristle on

the upper margin at the middle of the pteropleura, and in

Pegomyia the pteropleura is bare. I have not seen any

species of Teniomyia from America, but several species of

Emmesomyia are found there.

Genus RuHoDESINA, nov.

Generic characters—Apical genital segment in female

with a pair of stout claw-like thorns. Third wing-vein with

a few setulose hairs at base above and below. Lower

calyptra much larger than upper. Hind tibia with two

- postero-dorsal bristles.

Genotype, the following species.

Rhodesina ignobilis, sp. n.

Female.—Yellowish testaceous; third antennal segment,

upper third of frons, and greater part of occiput, dorsum of

thorax except laterally, the greater part of pleura, tergites of

abdomen, and the tarsi infuscated. Wingsclear. Calyptre

white. Halteres yellow.

Frons a little less than one-third of the head-width ; orbits

narrow, each with three supraorbital and two infraorbital

bristles, the lower supraorbital directed forward; inter-

frontalia with a pair of strong cruciate bristles; third

antennal segment over three times as long as second ; arista

with the longest hairs not as long as width of third antennal

segment ; parafacial in profile almost invisible; cheek not

as high as width of third antennal segment. One strong

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewottc Muscaride. 425

and two or three weak pairs of presutural acrostichals

present ; prealar minute; sternopleurals 1:2. Apical

bristles on tergites 3 to 5 strong. Fore tibia with a median

posterior bristle and one or two preapical antero-dorsal

setule ; mid-tibia with two or three posterior bristles ; hind

femur with five or six widely spaced bristles on antero-ventral

surface, and two or three on basal half of postero-ventral ;

hind tibia with one antero-ventral, two antero-dorsal, and

two postero-dorsal bristles.

Length 6°5 mm.

Type, Chirinda Forest, Melsetter District, Southern

Rhodesia, 10. xii. 1910, 3800 feet, on cow-manure (C. F. M.

Swynnerton).

This may be Hydrophoria ignobilis, Stein.

This genus is most closely allied to Pegomyia, but no

species of that genus has the genitalia of the female armed

as described above.

Subfamily Paaonizw2.

Phaonia magnifica, sp. n. “

Male and female.—Black, densely whitish pruinescent.

Head black, with white pruinescence, when viewed from the

side with three .black marks—at middle of frons, base of

antenne, and vibrissal angle; antenne and palpi black.

Thoracic dorsum with three widely separated black spots

on anterior margin, three contiguous spots forming a fascia

behind suture, and the larger basal part of scutellum deep

black ; pleura blackened above spiracles and behind fore and

mid coxe. Abdomen with a large central black spot on

each tergite, those on second and third triangular, and each

also with a large black lateral spot. Legs reddish, bases of

fore and mid femora narrowly and apices of all rather

broadly black; tarsi black. Wings clear. Calyptre white.

Halteres yellow.

Male.—Hyes densely hairy ; narrowest part of frons about

twice as wide as distance across posterior ocelli; inter-

frontalia uninterrupted ; orbits moderately wide, bristled

almost to anterior ocellus; parafacial at base of antennz

wider than third antennal segment, but little narrowed

below ; cheek twice as high as widest part of parafacial ;

arista with longest hairs as long as width of third antennal

segment. Thorax with two or three pairs of strong pre-

sutural acrostichals ; anterior intra-alar and prealar long;

four postsutural dorso-centrals ; hypopleura with a few hairs

426 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Faotic Muscaride.

on upper margin in front of spiracle. Abdomen ovate ;

~ basal sternite bare. Fore tibia without a median bristle ;

mid-tibia with three or four posterior bristles ; hind femur

with short fine bristles on antero-ventral and postero-ventral

surfaces ; hind tibia with two or three antero-dorsal and two

antero-ventral bristles, the calear short. Costal thorn short ;

fourth vein not curved forward at apex.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the frons over

one-third of the head-width.

Length 9-10 min.

Type, male, allotype, and five male paratypes, Estcourt,

Natal, ix.-x. 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall).

Genus ALLUAUDINELLA, Giglio-Tos.

This genus was erected by Giglio-Tos for the reception

of one species, bivittata, Macquart, described from Isle de

France. In his recent paper on the genera of Anthomyiide,

Stein placed seven other species in the genus. I have not

seen all of these species, but from an examination of the

genotype apd some of them I am convinced that there are

at least two distinct, though closely allied, genera involved.

Both genera may be distinguished from their allies by the

broad thorax and abdomen, moderately widely separated

eyes in both sexes, the frons of the female being but little

wider than that of the male, the hairs on prosternum,

pteropleura, and basal abdominal sternite, and the remark-

ably short stubby spines on the upper sides of the palpi.

This last character readily separates the genera from their

nearest allies.

The two genera which have been confused may be

separated as follows :—

Alluaudinella, Giglio-Tos.

Propleura bare in centre; pro-

episternum hairy ; prosternum with

a few setulose hairs; metanotum

pilose on lateral elevation ; third

wing-vein bare at base above and

below.

Genotype, bivittata, Macquart.

Ethiopomyia, gen. n,

Propleura hairy in centre ; pro-

episternum bare ; prosternum hairy;

metanotum with fine hairs on

lateral elevation; third wing-vein

setulose at base above and below.

Genotype, Mydea gigas, Stein.

I have before me an African species of Alluaudinella which

agrees in structure and chetotaxy with the genotype, but

differs as stated below.

eee

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 427

Alluaudinella fulvovittata, sp. un.

Male and female.—Yellowish testaceous. Thorax with two

broad fulvous vittse, which are not black in front of suture

as in bivittata, Macq. Abdomen unmarked. Legs entirely

pale.

Length 7-8 mm.

Type, male, allotype, and one female paratype, Yapi,

Northern Territories, Gold Coast, xi. 1915 (Dr. J. J.

Simpson).

Genus Neavera, nov.

Generic characters.—Eyes of male separated by at least

one-third of the head-width at vertex; each orbit with one

strong, backwardly directed bristle a little in front of level

of anterior ocellus and three infraorbitals; ocellar pair

strong; head about twice as high as long in profile; arista

plumose; palpi normal. Two strong pairs of postsutural

dorso-centrals on thorax, the anterior pair of presutural

dorso-centrals strong ; prealar minute ; prescutellar acro-

stichals not differentiated ; margins of prosternum, ceutre

of pteropleura, and margins of metathoracic spiracle with

a few black setulose hairs. Abdomen narrowly ovate ; basal

two short postero-dorsal setule. Third wing-vein with afew

hairs at base below, not curved forward at apex.

Genotype, the following species.

Neaveia flavida, sp. n.

Male.—Ycellowish testaceous, slightly shining. Frons and

upper two-thirds of occiput black. Dorsum of abdomen

from a little before apex of basal tergite blackened in centre.

Legs entirely pale. Wings clear. Calyptre yellowish,

margins brown. Halteres yellow.

Third antennal segment over three times as long as second ;

longest hairs on arista longer than width of third antennal

segment ; parafacial linear ; cheek narrow. Thorax without

differentiated presutural acrostichal bristles ; sternopleurals

1:2, in a nearly equilateral triangle. Fore tibia with a

median posterior bristle; wmid-tibia with two posterior

bristles and apicad of them several setulz, hind femur with

four or five widely spaced antero-ventral bristles and one

bristle near middle on postero-ventral surface, hind tibia with

one antero-dorsal and two antero-ventral bristles.

428 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Heotie Muscaride.

Length 5 mm.

Type, Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, 20. viii. 1913 (8. A. Neave).

Named in honour of the collector.

Eulimnophora marshalli, sp. n.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Frontal orbits silvery,

face and cheeks brownish-grey pruinescent ; antenne and

palpi black. Thorax not distinctly vittate, the lateral

margins brownish-grey pruinescent. Abdomen drab-grey

pruinescent, base of first tergite, a pair of subtriangular

spots on second and another on third tergite black, bases of

most of the setulz set in minute blackishdots. Legs black.

Wings clear. Calyptre brown. Halteres yellow.

Eyes bare, separated by width of anterior ocellus; bristles

on anterior half of frontal orbits very strong, but not very

long ; face concave in profile, parafacials invisible from side ;

cheek higher than width of third antennal segment, rather

strongly setulose on lower half; arista finely pubescent.

Thorax with two or three pairs of rather irregular pre-

sutural acrostichals and some weak setule, and four pairs

of postsutural dorso-centrals ; anterior and posterior lower

sterno-pleural bristles weak. Abdomen ovate. Fore tibia

unarmed at middle; mid-tibia with one posterior bristle ;

hind femur with two preapical autero-ventral bristles; hind

tibia with one antero-dorsal and two or three antero-ventral

tip, fourth much behind it, slightly forwardly curved.

Length 5 mm.

Type aud six paratypes, Ulundi, Natal, 5000-6500 feet,

ix. 1896; one paratype, Estcourt, Natal, ix.-x. 1896 (Dr. G.

A. K. Marshall).

Named in honour of the collector.

This may be the species recorded from Africa by Stein as

Limnophora arcuata, Stein. This species, the genotype, is

American, and I have seen no African examples of it. The

head of marshall is quite different from that of areuata.

AUSTRALIAN SPECIES.

Subfamily Awrgomyim..

Hylemyia deceptiva, sp. n.

Male. and female. —Similar to Peyomyia peciloptera,

Malloch, in colour and wing-markings. Differs in having

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Feotie Muscaride. 429

the outer cross-vein of wing with its upper extremity con-

spicuously blackened and the lower but little infuscated, the

black spot at apex of second vein absent or almost so, and

the one at apex of first much smaller. The abdomen in

male has a less clearly defined dorso-central vitta, and the

larger bristies and also the setule are set in small blackish

dots.

Male.—Differs from Pegomyia peciloptera in having the

eyes closer together, arista more swollen at base, fore tibia

with two posterior median bristles ; hind tibia with three

postero-dorsal, four or five antero-dorsal, and two antero-

ventral bristles. Costal thorn of moderate length, wing less

pointed than in peciloptera. Differs from Hylemyia puncti-

pennis, Wiedemann, “in having the arista much shorter-

haired, the hind tibia with shorter posterior setulose hairs,

and the fore tibia with two posterior bristles.

Female.—Similar to the male in colour.

Frons over one-third of the head-width; interfrontalia

with a pair of cruciate bristles.

Length 4—4°5 mm.

Type, male, Mt. Albert, New Zealand, 26. vi. 1915 (A. E.

Brookes). Allotype, same locality, 29. v. 1915 (A. E.

Brookes). Paratype females, one, same locality as type, no

date (4. E. Brookes) ; three, Neutral Bay, Sydney, New

South Wales, 25. xi. 1909, 8. x. 1910, and 4. xii. 1910 (Dr.

J. B. Cleland) ; one, Adelaide, South Australia, 29. v. 1910

(Dr. J. B. Cleland) ; and two, Sydney, N.S.W., 5. xii. 1906

(W. Wesche).

Closely allied to punctipennis, Wiedemann, a South-

American species.

Subfamily Paaownzrwz.

Genus ANTIPODOMYIA, Nov.

Generic characters.—Closely allied to Limnophora, the pre-

alar bristle and hind tibial calear absent, and the third

wing-vein curved forward at its apex. Differs in having

the prosternum bare, third vein bare at base, prescutellar

acrostichals situated well in front of the posterior pair of

dorso-centrals. Eyes of female separated by about one-

third of the head-width, each orbit with only the upper

bristle directed backward.

Genotype, the following species.

Antipodomyia bancrofti, sp. nu.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Antenne and palpi

black ; face whitish pruinescent. . Thoracic dorsum with a

430 Mr. J. R: Malloch on Exotic Musecaride.

large subtriangular patch of bluish-grey pruinescence on

each side at suture which connects with the pruimescence on

pleura. Abdomen pale grey pruinescent, basal tergite black,

second and third each with a pair of very large black spots,

which are narrowly separated in centre and cover disc except

a triangular area on each side anteriorly, fourth tergite with

two small black spots in centre anteriorly. Legs black.

Wings clear. Calyptre fuscous. Knobs of halteres pale

yellow.

Hyes bare, separated by less than width of anterior ocellus ;

ocellar bristles parallel; parafacials invisible from side;

cheeks linear; vibrisse short and stout, the adjoining

setulee very short and stubby; third antennal segment about

twice as long as second; arista almost bare. Thorax with

one pair of strong presutural acrostichals and a few weak

hairs ;_ three postsutural dorso-centrals ; sternopleurals

1:2. Abdomen ovate ; fifth sternite small, deeply incised in

centre. Mid-tibia with one posterior bristle; hind femur

with two preapical antero-ventral bristles; hind tibia with

one antero-ventral and one antero-dorsal bristle.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the dorsum of

thorax pruinescent posteriorly, the abdominal spots larger,

and the calyptre white. Interfrontalia opaque black, orbits,

face, and cheeks whitish pruinescent. Thorax with one or

two pairs of weak presutural acrostichals besides the one

strong pair. In other respects as the male.

Length 2-3 mm.

Type, male, allotype, and three female paratypes, Stannary

Hills, North Queensland, about 3000 feet, no date (Dr. 7.

Bancroft).

Named in honour of the collector.

Soutu-AMERICAN SPECIES.

Subfamily Awrvouyiziwa.

Pegomyia peciloptera, sp. n.

Male.— Black, densely grey pruinescent. Head black,

orbits, face, aud cheeks white pruinescent, almost silvery ;

antenne and palpi black. ‘Thoracic dorsum with three

broad, indefinitely margined brown vitte. Abdomen with

a moderately broad black dorso-central vitta; the larger

bristles with a blackish dot at base of each. Legs yellowish

brown, femora darker, tarsi black. Wings clear, with a

black spot on each of the cross-veins, another over bases of

second and third veins and of discal cell, one at apex of first

On the Dipterous Subfamily Ditomyine. 431

vein which extends from costa to second vein, a large one

over apex of second vein, and a much less distinct one at

apex of third vein. Calyptrz white. Halteres yellow.

Eyes separated by a little over width across posterior

ocelli ; arista pubescent; parafacial at base of antennz as

wide as third antennal segment, narrowed below. Post-

humeral bristle duplicated; three or four pairs of weak

acrostichals in front of suture ; prealar very long. Abdomen

depressed ; hypopygium small. Fore tibia with one antero-

dorsal and one posterior median bristle, apical posterior

bristle long, straight; mid-tibia with one antero-dorsal, two

postero-dorsal, and two posterior bristles ; hind femur with a

complete series of irregular antero-ventral bristles and some

widely spaced postero-veutral bristles ; hind tibia with two

postero-dorsal, one antero-ventral, and three antero-dorsal

bristles, the posterior surface bare. Costal thorn minute ;

wing pointed, third vein ending almost in tip.

Length 4-5 mm.

Type and paratype, La Plata City, Argentina, 10. vi. 1896

(O. Thomas).

This species bears a striking resemblance to Hylemyia

punctipennis, Wiedemann, but may be separated from it by

the shorter-haired arista, larger single spot on outer cross-

vein, presence of only two postero-dorsal hind tibial bristles,

and absence of posterior setulz on hind tibia.

L.—A Note on the Dipterous Subfamily Ditomyine, with

Descriptions of new Recent and Fossil Forms. By

F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In a recently published paper* Keilin has discussed in

detail the larval morphology of three European genera

formerly included in the Mycetophilide, subfamily Myceto-

biine, and has given very strongreasons for considering that

Mycetobia is closely related to Anisopus (Lhyphus), while

Ditomyia and Symmerus are widely different and quite un-

related either to Mycetobia or any other Mycetophilide ;

he has even proposed the new family-name Ditomyiide for

these two genera, considering them to be more closely

related to Bibionide than to Mycetophilide.

In regard to Mycetobia, I have been able to confirm +

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) iii. pp. 33-42, pls. ii.—v. (Jan. 1919).

+ Ibid. (8) xvii. pp. 108-116 (Jan. 1916).

432 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

from a study of the adults the conclusion which Keilin had

already arrived at from a close examination of the larve.

At his suggestion I have re-examined the adult morphology

of Ditomyia and Symmerus, in order to ascertain whether

any characters exist which will mark off these genera sharply

from all other Mycetophilide. The search has in this

instance proved almost fruitless: the points of resemblance

between these genera and the Ceroplatine are so numerous

and important, and the distinctions between them and the

Bibionidze so obvious, that it is difficult not to conclude that

the two genera in question must remain within the Myceto-

philide. If the Ditomyiide be recognised as a distinct

family, adult morphology would indicate that at least the

same rank should be accorded to Diadocidine, Pachy-

neurine, Bolitophiline, and Ceroplatine. This, Dr. Keilin

assures me, would be unjustifiable in view of larval

morphology.

The following appear to me to be the most important

characters of the Ditomyine:—(1) The rather long vein

R,,,. This is almost the only constant point of difference

between the Ditomyine and all other Mycetophilide ; it is

only a relative character, and therefore can hardly be used

by itself for family definition ; (2) The vestigial subcosta,

which in only one case reaches the costa. This provides the

readiest distinction from the Ceroplatine, and is rather a

surprising feature considering the decidedly primitive nature

of the rest of the venation ; (3) The shape of the hypopleure,

which differ from those of most of the other subfamilies

in being much less prominent, gently rounded, and not in

the least produced backwards. The distinction from the

Ceroplatine in this respect is quite marked, from the

Diadocidine and Bolitophiline less so. Another small point

is (4), the tendency to the development of a strong bristle

about the middle of the posterior side of the posterior side

of the hind coxe, aud of a tuft of strong bristles on each

side of the mesonotum just in front of the wing-base. This,

however, is not at all well marked in the European forms.

It may also be noted (5) that there is a tendency toa strong

emargination of the eyes and the development of a“ bridge ”’

similar to that of the Sciaride, but there is no trace of this

in the type-genus Ditomyia.

On this definition the genera <Arctoneura, Casa, and

Nervijuncta, placed by Johannsen in the Ceroplatinz, should

be transferred to the Ditomyine; but, on the other hand,

Paleoplatyura, which was placed by Johannsen in the

Mycetobiine, will go to the Ceroplatine.

the Dipterous Subfamily Ditomyine. 433

The known genera of the Ditomyinz may be separated by

the following key :—

1. Radio-median cross-vein present; eyes

entire, or only moderately emarginate,

at any rate not nearly meeting ;

antenne flattened (Ditomyini) :

Radio-median cross-vein obliterated ;

eyes deeply emarginate above the

antenns, with narrow dorsal strips

which almost meet in the middle line

(in both sexes); antenne slender,

cylindrical (Nervijunctini) ........ 4,

2. Medio-cubital cross-vein vertical or

even pti outwardly oblique,

joining Cu, near the base; F2+3

nearly parallel with R445, the base

being strongly angulated or arched ;

Mi+2 strongly curved at base, M,

PAS BULBINE, Sve eee Leases . Centrocnemis.

Medio-cubital cross-vein inwardly

oblique, in a line with the longer

basal portion of Cu,; R243 more

divergent from £4+5, less arched at

the base; M evenly forked ........ 3.

3. Eyes moderately emarginate ; R2+3 not

or scarcely longer than the second

TORGOD OFFI e.g kan tiem ena .. Symmerus.

Eyes entire; R2+3 much longer than

the second POLHON OL RE vive. ne Ditomyita.

4, Fusion of Mand &s very short; m-—cu

outwardly oblique; 243 shorter

than the second section of Rs...... Nervijuncta.

Fusion of M and &s longer (when M

is complete); m-cu vertical ; R243

longer than the second section of Rs, 5.

. Tip of wing truncate (in male only P);

veins all well-marked ; ; Wings bearing

scales in certain areas ............ Arctoneura.

Tip of wing not truncate; parts of

media and cubitus faint or absent ;

wings without scales.............. [? Arctonewra, subgen. |Casa.

Centrocnemis was sunk under Symmerus by Johannsen,

but appears to me to be well-distinguished ; it will include

all the known Neotropical members of the subfamily, the

Holarctic species all remaining in Symmerus.

Centrocnemis fuscinervis, sp. n.

Head dark grey; palpi blackish; antennz dark brown,

the scape ochreous. Thorax grey, with an ochreous tinge ;

mesonotum with three separate black stripes, scutellum

ochreous; pubescence yellowish, bristles dark brown.

AZ3B4 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

Postnotum and hypopleure bare. Abdomen with the first

segment blackish, posterior margin ochreous, clothed with

long pale hair, without differentiated bristles (remainder of

abdomen missing). Legs ochreous, tibiz and tarsi some-

what darker; posterior coxe dark; tibial spurs and spines

black. Spines of front tibize not longer than the diameter

of the tibia, of middle tibie longer, of hind tibie about

twice as long as the diameter. Wings hyaline; cross-veins,

bases of As, R,,3,and M,,., and terminal portions of all the

veins bordered with brown. Microtrichia absent ; macro-

trichia spread over nearly the whole surface, Sc reaching to

about half the length of F, gradually fading out and not

reaching the costa; basal section of Rs strongly curved,

longer than r-m; &,,3 about as long as Rs, its base almost

vertical, sometimes a short stump at the bend; base of M4,,.

a little proximal to that of R,,3;. Halteres ochreous.

Wing-length 5°2-6°5 mm,

Tasmania: Mangalore, two specimens, 4. x. 1913 and

14, ix. 1914 (A. White). In the British Museum.

Centrocnemis aculeata, sp. n.

Head black, somewhat shining ; palpi brownish ; antennz

missing. Thorax shining black; shoulders and lateral

margins of mesonotum yellowish ; pubescence and bristles

yellowish; postnotum bare, hypopleurze with one or two

hairs. Abdomen orange ; first segment and posterior margins

of second, third, and fourth tergites black ; most of seventh

and eighth tergites brown; eighth segment large, much

longer than the seventh. Legs with the coxz ochreous ;

femora ochreous, dark brown at the base, especially the hind

pair; spines of front tibie short, of middle tibiz long,

nearly three times as long as the diameter of tibia, black ;

middle tibial spurs ochreous ; hind tibiz and tarsi missing.

Wings with a very slight yellowish tinge; tip somewhat

darkened, the space between ft,,; and the costa more

distinetly so. Microtrichia absent; miacrotrichia present

over the whole surface, except at the base. Sc very short,

but reaching costa. Base of Rs straight, vertical, not longer

than r-m; ,,; a little longer than Ks, strongly curved at

the base. Halteres ochreous.

Length of body 6 mm.; wing 5°2 mm.

Tasmanta: Mount Wellington, 7.x.1912 (A. White),

12. Type in the British Museum.

the Dipterous Subfamily Ditomyine. 435

Centrocnemis insolita (Walker).

Platyura insolita, Walker, Trans. Linn, Soc. xvii. p. 335 (1856).

This differs from the two Tasmanian species described

above in having distinet microtrichia as well as macrotrichia

on the wing. The type-species (C. stigmatica, Phillippi, also

from Chile) may agree with C. insolita in this respect, but

the other South American species in the British Museum

(C. bifasciata, Williston) has no microtrichia.

tSymmerus balticus, sp. u., 3.

Closely allied to S. annulatus, Winn., differing as follows :—

Size rather smaller (body 6 mm.). Abdomen unbanded, the

first five segments rather light brown, the next two blackish ;

hypopygium yellow, its structure similar to that of S. annula-

tus, but the anal lamellze rather longer and distinctly narrower

(about 5'5 instead of 4°5 times as long as broad), the ninth

sternite not clearly visible, but apparently without the two

long horny points which occur in S. annulatus. Fork of

media somewhat shorter than in S. annulatus, its base

scarcely nearer the base of the wing than is the base of

Roi3.

Type, a single male in the British Museum (Geological

Department), from the Baltic amber (Miocene) of East

Prussia, labelled “‘ No. 13628, Mus. Stantien & Becker. 405.

Dr. Richard Klebs.” Geol. Dept. no. In. 18679.

This is the first member of the subfamily which has been

recorded in the fossil state, though it is probable that

Mycetobia dejfectiva, Loew MS., mentioned by Meunier

(Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, xxviii. 1904, p. 89) as having no

subcosta, may be a Symmerus, possibly even identical with

S. balticus.

Arctoneura (Casa) wakefieldi, sp. n., ?.

Head; vertex ochreous, a blackish spot behind each

ocellus ; ocelli almost inastraight line. Frous and face dark

brown, the frons very small, owing to the antenne being

inserted close below the narrow “ bridge” of the eyes ; the

“bridge ”’ is incomplete, the eyes being narrowly separated

in the middle. Proboscis light brown, palpi darker brown.

Antenne yellowish, the first thirteen flagellar joints with a

blackish ring in the middle, the last two joints entirely dark.

Thorax brownish, mesonotum with three dark reddish-brown

436 On the Dipterous Subfamily Ditomyine.

stripes, separated by narrower yellowish stripes, which curve

outwards some distance behind the front margin and are

there connected with elongate yellowish spots on the margin

of the mesonotum just in front of the wing-base; the

middle dark stripe is also divided by a narrow yellow line.

Scutellum with four strong bristles. Pleurz and postnotum

bare. Abdomen dark brown, the hind margin of each

segment narrowly pale ochreous ; anal cerci yellow. First

tergite with a group of four to six strong bristles at each

side near the base. Legs ochreous, tibie and tarsi some-

what darker. Hind coxe with several small bristles towards

apex, two more near base, one longer and stronger one near

the middle. Wings of normal shape, the tip not truncate ;

venation as in A, hudsoni (Marshall), except that R,,;is not

quite so strongly arched, and R,,3 is nearly straight, arched

only at the base; costa scarcely extending beyond tip of

4,5. No trace of scales can be seen, but macrotrichia are

present over the greater part of the apical half of the wing,

especially in the darkened areas. The stem of the median

fork, the basal half of M,,., and the base of M, are rather

faint, the remainder of these veins well-marked, dark brown,

as are all the remaining veins—except for a short yellowish

portion at the tip of R,,, and on the costa aboveit. A large

dark brown spot over the base of Rs, and a smaller one

round Cuyq; a dark fascia beyond the middle of the wing,

darkest towards the costa, leaving a clear spot in the base of

cell A,,,, and a clear streak along base of vein M,,., but

extending basally along Cu, and apically along J, and on

each side of M,,,. Some irregular dark clouds on the apical

fourth of the wing. Halteres yellowish, base of knob dark.

Length of body 8 mm.; wing 8x 2°8 mm.

New Zeatanp: one female collected by C. M. Wakefield,

1880; no exact data, but probably from Canterbury.

Type in the Oxford Museum. )

The structure and coloration are both so very much like

Marshall’s description of A. hudsoni that I have very little

hesitation in referring this insect to the genus Arctoneura,

in spite of the striking difference in the shape of the wing.

Possibly the truncated wing-tip of A. hudsoni may be a male

character only, or Marshall may have described a deformed

specimen. The absence of scales on the wings, the rather

different wing-markings, and the ringed antenne should

suffice to distinguish A. wakefieldi from A. hudsoni, if either

of the above suggestions should prove correct.

There is in some respects an even closer resemblance

to Casa tridens, Hutton, which, according to Marshall’s

On the Subfamily Bruchomyime. 437

description, differs from our species chiefly in the thoracic

markings and in the absence of certain portions of the

median vein.

Precisely the same portions of this vein are faint in

A. wakefieldi, which can therefore be safely regarded as

forming a complete conuecting-link between the genera

Arctoneura and Casa. These two genera should probably be

united.

LI.—A Note on the Subfamily Bruchomyiinee (Diptera

Nematovera). By I. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In a recently published paper* Alexander has described a

remarkable new Tanyderid fly, to which he gives the name

Bruchomyia argentina, erecting the new subfamily Brucho-

mylinge for it, on account of the very wide divergence from

the previously known members of the family Tanyderidze.

The discovery of a fossil representative of this group in the

amber collections in the British Museum is of no little interest,

and it is therefore described below. The fossil form is

obviously related to Bruchomyia, but differs too much from

it to be placed in the same genus ; it appears to be extremely

similar to Paleosycorae tertiarie, Meunier (Misc. Kut. xii.

p. 50, 1905), and is certainly congeneric and just possibly

conspecific with this insect, but the differences in the number

of antennal joints, in the length of the’ subcosta, and in the

male hypopygium seem to indicate a specific difference.

Even if these differences prove to be only individual, the

incompleteness of Meunier’s description (he knew only the

male) will justify the description of the specimens under my

notice.

PaLOsycorax, Meunier.

Allied to Bruchomyia, Alexander, but differing (cnter alia)

in the 16-jointed anteunee, spurless tibize, presence of vein Sc,

shorter R., and shorter and not undulated Cuy.

- Paleosycorax molophilina, sp. n.

Colour apparently uniformly brownish; pubescence of

* “A new Subfamily of Tanyderid Flies (Diptera),” Ann. Ent. Soc,

Amer, xiii. pp. 402-406, pl. xxxii. (Dec. 1920).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 30

438 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

whole body long, pale yellowish ; wings quite unmarked.

Eyes rather small, rounded, widely separated. Proboscis

very short, much shorter than the head. Palpi very long,

the joints straight and rigid in appearance, fourth joint as

long as the first three together. Antenize sixteen-jointed,

scapal joints small and rounded, flagellar joints cylindrical,

the first about six times as long as broad, second scarcely

four times, the following joints to the fourteenth (last) very

slightly shorter; the last joint with a constriction just before

the tip. Thorax with long pubescence, but less dense than

in Bruchomyia. Postnotum and pleure bare ; metanotum (or

metapleuree immediately above the halteres) with rather dense

Paleosycorax molophilina, sp.n. Wing, x 40.

tufts of long pubescence. Male hypopygium exserted, con-

spicuous, but its structure obscured ; there may be one or

two pairs of claspers (pleural appendages), one is rather elon-

gate, finger-like, with a short basal projection which is fringed

with black hairs; the tip is only very slightly hooked, not

strongly so as shown, in Meunier’s figure of the hypopygium

of P. tertiarie ; the greater part of the clasper is blackened,

but the base is pale. Anal cerci of female flattened, fleshy

and hairy, rounded at the tips and not quite as long as the

last abdominal segment ; genital valves of ovipositor short,

bluntly pointed. Coxe moderately elongate (as in Brucho-

myia) ; femora and tibize moderately hairy, the tibize slender,

considerably longer than the femora, apparently quite spurless ;

tarsi missing (except base of metatarsi). Wing-veins clothed

with long hair except on the cross-veins and the basal part

of Cu,; microtrichia small but distinct over the whole surface ;

fringe long, especially on the hind margin towards the base.

Se reaching only one-third of the wing-length ; Sc; distinetly

present, vertical. Rs arising beneath the middle of Se, forking

below tip of Sc; R,,3 a little longer than Re; Ry.; forking

before middle of R,,3; R; converging slightly towards R,

at the wing-margin. 7—-m rather more than its own length

the Subfamily Bruchomyiine. 439

before the fork of M,,5. Cuy.short, gently curved, reaching

margin just before the level of the apex of Rs. Halteres

normal,

Length of body about 4 mm.; wing 4 mm.

Described from a male and female (the female without

legs) in the British Museum (Geological Department), both

included in the same piece of amber, and labelled “ No. 13958,

Museum Stantien & Becker. 413. Dr. R. Klebs. 92. 74.

Amber, East Prussia. Transf. from Zool. Dept., 15 Dec.,

1904. In. 18687.” The specimens are in beautiful preser-

vation, and perfect except for the legs.

[ do not. consider that Alexander is justified in referring

Bruchomyia to the Tanyderide at all, since apart from the

general hairiness of the body it shows many points of resem-

blance to the Psychodids, particularly the Phlebotomine

(though differing from the other members of the Phlebotominee

in having a five-branched radius).

In response to an enquiry, my friend M. A. Tonnoir, of

the Brussels Museum, writes that he has examined an

example of Palwosycorax among his amber specimens, and

that he considers both this genus and Bruchomyia to belong

to the Psychodidee, and to be related to Phlebotomus rather

than to Sycoraz, as Meunier supposed to be the case.

It seems to me highly probable that both these genera

are related to the very imperfectly known Nemopalpus,

Macquart, and the three genera together (when Nemopalpus

is better known it may be found identical with one of the

others) might be regarded as forming a third subfamily of

Psychodidee—the Nemopalpine. There are great discrep-

ancies in the figures given by Macquart of the venation of

Nemopalpus ; the one in Webb and Berthelot’s Hist. Nat.

des Iles Canaries shows the greatest resemblance to Brucho-

myta or Paleosycorax, and is probably the most accurate, but

even this figure is probably not exact. From tie data con-

cerning Nemopalpus given by Haton (Knt. Mo. Mag. xv.

p- 55, 1904), it would appear that this genus has a long

proboscis like Phlebotomus.

The superficial resemblance to Molophilus, already noted

by Alexander in the case of Bruchomyia, is even greater in

the case of Paleosycorax; hence the specific name. Meunier

also was struck by the resemblance to Hrioptera (sens. lat.),

and considered that the genus was to some extent transitional

between the Psychodidze and the Hriopterini.

308

440 Mr. W.N. Edwards ona small Bennettitalean

LII.—On a small Bennettitalean Flower from the Wealden

of Sussex. By W. N. EDWARDS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate XII. figs. 1-3.]

THE present description of a Bennettitalean flower is based on

a single specimen (V. 3175) in the Geological Department

of ‘the British Museum (Natural History), forming part of

the Rufford Collection, and registered as ‘* Wealden, near

Hastings.” It.is preserved .as a carbonized impression,

consisting of a whorl of expanded bracts (regarded as micro-

sporophylls) radiating from a rather prominent central region,

the diameter of the flower being 16 mm. The sporophiylls

were originally probably about ten to twelve in number, but

the specimen is incomplete on one side, and only seven are

seen clearly. Hach individual sporophyll is about 4-5 mm.

in length, and varying in width from 2-4 mm., with a bluntly

rounded or truncated tip. No structural details can be made

out in the centre of the flower, which, however, is slightly

protuberant, but there are some small round or oval swellings

or markings at the bases of some of the sporophylls, and from

some of these microspores have been obtained. The mass of

spores shown on Pl, XII. fig. 3 (and several similar masses)

were obtained in the region marked A of fig. 2, where there

was a roundish or oval swelling—presumably a synangium—

in a position which must apparently have been at or near the

base of one of the broken-off sporophylls. At the point B

(Pl. XII. fig. 2), where there is a distinct oval marking, a

few microspores were also obtained, but none was found in

the centre of the flower, nor any recognizable tissues. The

spores are thin-walled and appear to be roughly spherical,

with the usual triradiate marking of spores produced in

tetrads. They are about ‘02 mm. in diameter. With the

spores are a few fragments of tissue which might be pieces of

synangium-wall. The distal ends of the sporophylls are too

much carbonized to yield any cuticle. The specimen is not

sufficiently well preserved to show the number and arrange-

meut of the synangia, but they were apparently few—perhaps

four at the base of each sporophyll, two on each side (ef.

Pl. XII. fig. 2 at B). There do not appear to be any sterile

bracts, though one must note the possibility that the synangia

may have been borne on much reduced sporophylls round the

central axis, aud that they became closely adpressed to the

Flower from the Wealden of Sussew. 441

whorl of larger bracts, which were really sterile. This,

however , scarcely seems a probable explanation.

The specimen evidently belongs to the Williamsoniacee,

and is believed to be the smallest fertile flower of that family

yet described. ‘Che only member of the family hitherto

recorded from the Wealden of England is the large Willtam-

sonia. carruthers’, Sew., of which the male organs are unknown

(Seward, 1895, p. 157). The generic attribution of the

present specimen is not a simple matter, but the very small

siz*, and pa ticularly the reduction of the microsporophylls

and pollen output, would seem to point against areference to

Wilkibnsbite, even if the specimen is regarded as a unisexual

(male) Hower. No comparison is possible with Willamsonia

minima, Saporta, which is too ill-preserved to be of any

value (Seward, 1895, p. 155), and the comparatively small

Williamsonia (?) huttzilopochtli, Wieland, from the Liassic of

Mexico (Wieland, 1914, p. 98, pl. xxvii. fig. 7 and pl. xxviii.),

seems to be of quite a different type, and, indeed, is compared

with the winged seeds of Guetum. The proportionately

large size (6-7 mm. in diameter) of the prominent central

portion of our specimen suggests that this may have been an

ovulate region, in which no trace of structure has been

preserved, and if this assumption is made a comparison

immediately becomes possible with Wéielandiella, Nath., and

Williamsoniella, ‘Vhomas, which are bisexual. Both these

genera are characterized, as regards the male part of the

flower, by a smaller number of synangia and simpler micro-

sporopliy ls than in Williamsonia. In the present case there

however, nothing comparable to the “ palisade ring”

iechbal by Nathorst (1909, p. 22) in Wielandiella from

the Rheetic of Scania, whereas if my interpretation of the

bracts in the Wealden flower as microsporophylls is correct,

they show a very close resemblance to those of W “illiamsoniella

coronata from the Middle Estuarine series of the Yorkshire

coast (Thomas, 1915, p. 118). This species had no sterile

bracts, and the ‘ate ovuliferous axis was surrounded by

twelve to fourteen microsporophy| lls with rounded ends,

bearing four to eight synangia. ‘Lhe microsporophylls of the

Wealden specimen seem to me to be of essentially the same

type, though the whole flower is somewhat smaller. Further-

more, the microspores are of the same size (c. ‘02 mm.) and

about the same shape (appearing circular or occasionally

elliptical). Those of Wielandiella are larger and navicular in

shape. Spores of We/lamsonia whitbiensis and W. setosa

described by Nathorst (1911, p. 18, pl. iv. fig. 11), though

apparently of a similar shape, are about twice the size, while

4492 Mr. W. N. Edwards on Parkia decipiens.

those of Williamsonia spectabils and W. pecten, also figured

by Nathorst (1909, pl. ii. figs. 8-15), are very elongated, and

may be as much as ‘065 mm. in length. In the case of the

small flower originally deseribed by Nathorst (1909, p. 20)

as Walliamsonia (?) ligniert, and subsequently referred by

Thomas (1915, p. 134) to his new genus Williamsoniella,

the spores are from *025 to ‘03 mm. in diameter, and usually

round or elliptical. If, then, the size and shape of the spores

is a sound guide to affinity, we have here an additional reason

for referring the present specimen to the genus William-

soniella, even if the structure of the central axis remains

uncertain.

I therefore propose to name it Williamsoniella valdensis,

sp. n.

LITERATURE.

Narnorst, A.G. (1909.) ‘ Paliobotanische Mitteilungen 8.” K,

Svenska Vetenskapsak. Handl. Bd. xlv. no. 4.

——. (1911.) “ Paliobotanische Mitteilungen 9.” K. Svenska Ve-

tenskapsak. Hand]. Bd. xlvi. no, 4.

Smwarp, A.C. (1895.) “The Wealden Flora,” pt. ii. Brit. Mus.

(Nat. Hist.) Cat. Mesozoic Plants.

Tuomas, H. Hamsuaw. (1915.) “On Williamsoniella, a new Type of

Bennettitalean Flower.” Phil. Trans, Roy. Soc. [B] vol. cevii.

pp. 115-148.

Wiervanp, G. R. (1914.) “La Flora Liasica de la Mixteca Alta.”

Bol. Inst. Geol. de Mexico, no. 31. [Atlas, 1916. |

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. Fies. 1-3.

Fig. 1. Williamsoniella valdensis, sp. n., Wealden, Hastings, Sussex.

Rufford Coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Geol. Dept., V. 3175.

Abont nat. size. Photo P. Dollman.

Fig. 2. The same, enlarged, showing probable synangia at B. Photo

P. Dollman.

Fig. 3. The same. Mass of microspores from near the point A in fig. 2.

x 380. Phcto F. W. Edwards.

LII.—WNote on Parka decipiens.

By W.N. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate XII. figs. 4 & 5.]

A very full account of the morphology and histology of

Parka decipiens, Fleming, was recently given by A. W..R.

Mr. W. N. Edwards on Parkia decipiens, 443

Don and G. Hickling (Quart. Journ. Geol: Soc. 1917,

vol. Ixxi. for 1915, pp. 648-666, pl. liv.-lvi.). The purpose

of the present note is to draw attention to two specimens in

the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural

History) which seem to support the view that Parka may

have been stalked, for, although Messrs. Don and Hickling

examined many hundreds of specimens, they found no instance

of attachment of the plant-body, and came to the conclusion

that Parka was an entirely independent organism. Similarly,

Messrs. Reid, Graham, and Maenair (l'rans. Geol. Soe.

Glasgow, vol. xi. 1898, p. 115) state that Parka has “never

been found in undoubted organic union with any of the other

vegetable remains,” though “evidence is not, however,

wanting of it having been attached to a stalk,” and they

? Parka decipiens, Fleming. Drawing to show faint indications of

Parka-like disc impressions, V. 3247, W. How del. x 3.

figure a “supposed case of stalk attachment” at pl. viii.

Oe e

“The two specimens forming the subject of the present note

were both obtained from the lower Old Red Sandstone of

Canterland, Kincardineshire, by the Rev. Hugh Mitchell,

whose collection was purchased for the Museum in 1893.

The more interesting of the two, no. V. 3247 (see Pl. XII.

fig. 4, and text-fig.), consists of a small circular body about

4 mm. in diameter, apparently attached to a slender stalk

some 14 mm. in length, which, again, is given off from a

fragment of a stouter axis about 1 mm. in diameter «and

18 mm. in length. In the proximal portion of the circular

444 Mr. W. N. Edwards on Parkia decipiens.

body some rather obscure round markings can be seen, which

are probably the impressions of the well-known “ dises” of

Parka, but there is no trace of carbonaceous matter. The

specimen is only slightly smaller than the smallest example

found by Don and Hickling, which was about 5 mm. in

diameter, and it seems possible that it is actually a small

specimen of Parka borne on a slender stalk, At any rate, it

is hoped that the figuring of this interesting fossil will stimulate

the search for further material which might help to elucidate

the problem, For it is unfortunate that the axis of this

specimen is too small and incomplete to allow o£ comparison

with any known plant-impressions from the Old Red Sand-

stone or to give any idea of the appearance of the whole

plant. There is a possibility that Parka may have been

normally attached only in its young stage, though much

larger specimens have been found which are appareutly

stalked, such as the one figured by Reid, Graham, and

Maenair, and referred to above. Another example is the

second of the two specimens to be mentioned in this note,

no. V. 12643 (see Pl. XII. fig. 5). The plant-body is

roughly circular, about 2°2 cm. in diameter, and has the

appearance of being attached to a fragment of stalk, though

possibly the juxtaposition may be accidental, for the point of

attachment does not seem to have been at the margin.

While affording little further evidence as to the exact

nature and systematie position of this plant, the occurrence of

such specimens shows that we are not yet justified in regarding

Farka as an entirely independent organism.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. Fies. 4 & 5.

Fig. 4. ? Parka decipiens, F)., from the lower Old Red Sandstone of

Canterland, Kincardineshire. Mitchell Coll., Brit. Mus, Nat.

Hist. Geol. Dept., V. 3247. x 2. :

Fig. 5, Parka decipiens, Fl., with apparent stalk, from the same locality

and horizon. Mitchell Coll., Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Geol. Dept.,

V. 12643. x 4.

The photographs are by Mr. P. Dollman. I am indebted to Miss W.

How for the drawing of the text-figure.

On Cavies of the Genus Caviella. 445

LIV.—On Caries of the Genus Caviella.

By OLpFieLp Tuomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Durine his work in Argentina Sr. Budin has obtained a

considerable number of cavies belonging to the genus Caviellu,

some from N.W. Patagonia, but the majority from Catamarca

and San Juan—a region whence the genus had only been

previously represented by the type of C. menas.

In distribution these animals form a more or less continuous

series from Catamarea in the north to Southern Patagonia, a

distance of some 1500 miles, from 28° 8. to 50° S., all along

the eastern edge of the Andes, and extending eastward to the

sea at the Rio Negro and southwards.

On trying to sort the material availabie, it appears that

five geographical forms may be distinguished, whose characters

are mainly those of the skull. But these vary in each group

enough to overlap those of the next, so that it seems to me

that the proper course is to treat the whole as one species,

with five geographical subspecies, which may be defined as

follows :—

Caviella australis australis, Geoff. & d’Orb.

Syn. Kerodon kingit, Benn.

Size smallest. Colour more or less olivaceous.

Skull with the muzzle short, sharply contracted anteriorly,

the nasals much narrower in front than behind. Premaxillee

and incisors projected much forwards, so as to be readily seen

from above in front of the nasals ; the incisors themselves

comparatively proodont, the incisive angle sometimes as much

as 108°. Bullee small, an oblique horizontal measurement

varying from 13°5 to 14 mm.

Measurements of a skull (¢) from Colhué Huapi:

occipito-nasal length 45 mm.; occipito-incisive length 46°6 ;

nasals, length 15, breadth anteriorly 5, posteriorly 6°8 ; inter-

orbital breadth 10°3 ; bullee, oblique horizontal length 14,

Lange. Patagonia, from about 43°8. to 50°S. Specimens

seen trom Chubut Colony, Lago San Martin, and various

localities between,

446 Mr. O. Thomas on

Caviella australis nigriana, subsp. n.

Size slightly larger than in australis. Colour less oliva-

ceous, more drabby.

Skull with tapering muzzle, as in australis ; premaxille

similarly pushed forwards, so as to be seen clear in front of

the nasals, but the incisors themselves comparatively ortho-

dont (index in type 95°). Bulle very large in extreme cases,

and always somewhat larger than in australis, the length

ranging from 14°2 to 15:4 mm.

Type-skull: occipito-nasal length 46°2 mm. ; occipito-

incisive length 47°8 ; nasals, length 15, breadth anteriorly 5:4,

posteriorly 7:5; interorbital breadth 9°8; bullee, oblique

leneth 15:4,

Range. Basin of the Rio Negro, extending on the west

into that of the Upper Chubut. Type from Neuquen,

R. Negro; other specimens from Nahuel Huapi, Leleque,

Upper Rio Chubut, Pileatieu, Upper Rio Negro, Carmen de

Patagones, and “ Mouth of Rio Negro” (Darwin).

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11.11.19.3. Collected

November 1910 by E. Weiske. Presented by the Hon. N.C.

Rothschild. Nine specimens examined.

Caviella australis joannia, subsp. n.

Paler and more distinctly drab than in nigriana, the back

rather paler and more yellowish than “ light drab.”

Muzzle less strongly tapering than in négriana, though

more so than in menas. Premaxille not pushed forwards,

the incisors not or scarcely visible from above in front of the

nasals. Interorbital space rather broad. Palatal foramina

longer, narrower, less strongly triangular than in the more

southern forms. Middle of posterior edge of palate commonly

projecting or flattened, not forming a definite angle. Baullee

fairly large, though smaller than in the largest examples

found in nigriana, 14°4-14°6 mm. in length.

Type-skull: occipito-nasal length 49°3 ; occipito-incisive

Jength 49°8; nasals, length 18°5, breadth anteriorly 6:1,

posteriorly 7*1;. interorbital breadth 12°2; length of bulla 14°6.

Range. Southern San Juan and Mendoza. ‘Type from

Cafiada Honda, San Juan. Alt. 500 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 21.4. 8.5. Original

number 1246. Collected 12th December, 1920, by E. Budin.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Ten specimens.

In spite of the considerable distance between San Juan

and Neuquen, this race is very similar to C. a. niyriuna, but

is distinguishable by the characters above given.

Cavies of the Genus Caviella. 447

Burmeister’s Cavia leucoblephara, with locality “ Mendoza

to ‘Tucuman,” might have been thought to be this animal,

instead of a Galea, as hitherto supposed, as the Caviella has

an even better-marked supraorbital line than the Galea. But

he has fortunately made the matter clear by recording that the

lacrymal bone “ perce complétement l’apophyse zygomatique

de la machoire supérieure ’’—a formation characteristic of

Galea, as Mr. Osgood has shown, and not found in Caviella.

Some of the specimens he saw in Mendoza may have been

Caviella, but the described example was undoubtedly a

Galea.

Caviella australis menas, Thos.

Cavia menas, Thos. 1898.

Size slightly larger than the previous forms. Colour

tending towards buffy.

Muzzle not tapering forwards, the nasals parallel-sided.

Incisors not or scarcely visible from above in front of nasals.

Palatal foramina as in joannia, or even longer. Hinder edge

of palate forming an angle in the centre which is less than a

right angle—75° in the type. Bulle fairly large.

A skull from Tinogasta measures: occipito-nasal length

50°5 mm.; occipito-incisive length 50°5 ; nasals, length 17-4,

breadth anteriorly 7, posteriorly 6°7; interorbital breadth 12°5;

leneth of bulla 14:5.

Range. N. Rioja and Southern Catamarea. Type from

Chilecito, Rioja, and series seen from Tinogasta and Chum-

bicha, Catamarca.

Caviella australis salinia, sp. n.

_ Rather more robust than the last. Colour pure drab,

without tendency to buffy.

Skull stout and strong. Muzzle long, not tapering, the

nasals broad, parallel-sided. Premaxillee not pushed forwards,

the incisors rarely visible from above. Incisive angle about

88°. Interorbital region broad. Palatal foramina long and

narrow. Posterior edge of palate forming in the centre a

very wide open angle, equalling or even exceeding a right

angle—92° in the type. Bulle large.

Type-skull: occipito-nasal length 53:7 mm. 3 occipito-

incisive length 55°5 ; nasals, length 18:3 ; breadth at middle

of anterior half 8°2, posteriorly 8°5 ; interorbital breadth 13:1;

length of bulla 16°5.

Hab. Salina country, at the extreme south-east of Cata-

marca, ‘Typical series from Recreo.

448 Mr. O. Thomas on

Type..Old male. B.M. no, 21.4.7,6. Original number

1226. Collected 17th November, 1920, by E. Budin. Pre-

sented by Oldfield Thomas. Nine specimens.

No doubt very nearly allied to C. a. menas, but distin-

guished by greater robustness, paler and more drabby colora-

tion, and the different angle formed at the back of the palate.

LV.—New Sigmodon, Oryzonys, and Kchimys from

Ecuador. By Outpririup THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some Heuadorean rodents referred to me for deter-

mination by Dr. Kinar Lénnberg, I find examples of the

three following new forms :—

Sigmodon lénnberg?, sp. i.

A very dark-coloured species with short crisp fur.

Size large. Fur short, close, crisp, very different from the

long loose fur of other Keuadorean species; hairs of back

about 9-10 mm. in length. General colour above dark

lustrous brown, near “ cinnamon-brown,” the hairs finely

ringed with black and ochraceous buff, the rings of the latter

colour only about 14 mm. in breadth. Under surface muddy

greyish, the hairs washed terminally with drabby. Face

darker than rest of body, the area between and below the

eyes heavily blackened, but there are strongly marked oclira-

ceous-buffy eye-rings. Ears dark brown ticked with buffy.

Hands and feet dark greyish brown. ‘Tail fairly well-haired,

blackish brown above, diabby brown below.

Skull stout and heavy, with well-developed ridges. Palatal

foramina large and open. Mesopterygoid fossa wide ante-

riorly. Bulle very large. Incisors unusually broad and

stout. Molars of average size.

Dimensions of the type (measured by collector) :—

Head and body 170 mm.; tail 100; hind foot 32;

ear 19. 3

Skull: greatest length 387; condylo-incisive length 35;

zygomatic breadth 21°5; nasals 13°6 x 5; interorbital breadth

6; palatilar length 16°5 ; palatal foramina 7°8 ; upper molar

series (worn flat) 6°5.

Hab. Quevedo, lowlands of Western Ecuador, due north

of Guayaquil.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 21. 2.15.1. Original num-

ber 8. Collected by Mr. F. G. von Buchwald. Received in

exchange from the Stockholm Museum. ‘Two specimens.

new Sigmodon, Oryzomys, de. from Ecuador. 449

This rice-rat is remarkable for its dark colour, short crisp

fur, aud unusually heavy incisors, in which characters’ it

ditfers from all the known Ecuadorean species. Allen’s

S. chonensis, nearest in locality, is said to be “ warm buff,” a

colour very different from the rich brown of this animal. One

of his specimens, however, from the Rio de Oro, which is

stated to be “ markedly different from the rest of the series,

with much deeper coloration,” is not impossibly really refer-

able to this species.

It is named in honour of my friend Prof. Einar Liénnberg,

to whose kindness I owe the opportunity of working out this

Kceuadorean collection.

Oryzomys barbacoas ochrinus, subsp. n.

Like O. barbacoas, All., of S.W. Colombia, but brighter

and more vivid ochraceous buff.

Size and general essential characters very much as in

barbacoas, including the remarkably s'out skull, with strong

ridges, narrow nasals, short palatal foramina, and the thick

and very opisthodont incisors. Fur crisp, hairs of back about

10 mm. in length. General colour above rich glossy

“ochraceous buff,” slightly darkened on back, bright and

rich on sides (not unlike the colour in the type of O. tectus).

Under surface paler buffy, without line of demarcation.

Hands with brown metacarpus and whitish digits; feet

brownish white. Tail finely scaled (16 rings to the em.),

almost naked, pale brown above, lighter below.

Skull much as in barbacoas, but muzzle broader and

breadth across molars less,

Diniensions of the type :—

Hind foot 33 mm.

Skull: greatest length 34°8; condylo-basal length 32:7;

zygomatic breadth 18; nasals, length 13°3, breadth at

half their length 3; breadth of muzzle at same point 7:2;

interorbital breadth 5°9 ; breadth across parietal ridges 12°3;

palatilar length 15°3; palatal foramina 5; upper molar

series 5°7; breadth across molars externally 7. Incisive

index 61°.

Hab. Ecuador, west of Quito.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 21. 2.15.4. Original num-

ber 12. Collected for Mr. L. Séderstrém, and received in

exchange from the Stockholm Museum.

This remarkable Oryzomys, by its peculiar skull-characters

and its opisthodont incisors, is quite unlike anything in the

British Museum collection, but would seem to be allied to

450 On new Sigmodon, Oryzomys, Se. from Ecuador.

Allen’s O. barbacoas, with the typical series of which Mr. H. E.

Anthony has been so kind as to compare it for me. He

reports that, in his opinion, it might be referred to that

species, but is evidently distinct as a subspecies on account

of its much more ochraceous-buffy colour, true O. barbacoas

being of a more chestnut hue.

Echimys occasius, sp. n.

Very similar to Z. armatus. Tail naked. Incisors white.

Size, Judging from a young specimen, about as in 2. ar-

matus or a little smaller. Pelage profusely spinous, the

admixture of hair about as in armatus; longest spines of

back about 25 mm. in length by 1°5 in. breadth. General

colour above darker than in armatus, near “ buffy brown,”

the hairs dark ochraceous, the spines black, many with

prominent pale buffy tips. Under surface strong buffy, the

chest and inguinal region whiter. Head darker brown, with

scarcely any of the rufous tinge on muzzle and cheeks usually

so marked in armatus. Ears comparatively small. Hands

and feet grizzled brownish, the digits lighter. Tail practically

naked, prominently scaly, the rings of scales about ten to the

centimetre,

Skull and dentition essentially as in armatus, with the

exception that the incisors are quite white in front and are

distinctly more slender than in specimens of armatus of

corresponding age.

Dimensions of the type (immature), taken on the skin :—

Head and body 180 mm.; tail 180; hind foot 31°5.

Skull: greatest length 45; condylo-incisive length 39 ;

zygomatic breadth 21; nasals 13:3; interorbital 8x 12:3;

palatilar length 16; front of p* to back of m? (little worn) 8 ;

antero-posterior diameter of incisors 16.

Hab. Gualea, Ecuador, west of Pichincha. Alt. 4000’.

Type. Immature female. B.M.no. 21. 2.15.6. Collected

for Mr. L. Séderstré6m, of Quito. Received in exchange

from the Stockholm Museum.

This species may be distinguished from the 2. armatus of

Guiana and the Lower Amazon by its darker colour, naked

tail, more prominently light-spotted coloration, and white

incisors. In the last two characters it shows an approach to

the EH. punctatus group, but is differently coloured, and the

tail in that group is even more thickly hairy-than in armatus.

No member of the restricted genus Mchimys appears to-

have been previously recorded from Ecuador.

Prof. 8. Maulik on a new Hispid Beetle. A51

LVI.—A new Hispid Beetle injurious to Nipa Palm. By S.

Mauttx, Professor of Zoology in the University of Calcutta.

TurouGH the courtesy of Dr. G. A. K. Marshall I have had

the opportunity of examining the following species, which is

reported to be injurious to Nipa palms in the Federated

Malay States. It belongs to the genus Plesispa, Chapuis

(Gen. Col. vol. ii. 1875, p. 290), which contains only one

species—P. reichet, Chap.,—from which the present insect is

guite different.

Plesispa nipe, sp. n.

Upperside subnitid, elytra brownish black, with the lateral

margins and the base dark red-brown ; eyes black ; the head,

the pronotum, and the antenne dark red-brown, the latter

jn some specimens suffused with black. Underside lighter

‘ brown, portions of the several segments of the legs being

darker brown.

Plesispa nipe, Maulik.

Head : interocular space elevated into a well-defined area

which is broader than long, with a coarsely punctate surface

and a median suleation; produced between the antenne into

a sharp process, which is grooved on the upper side—in this

character this species differs from P. reiche/, in which the

interantennal process is broader and truncate at the apex.

452 Prof. S. Maulik on a new Hispid Beetle.

The collar coarsely punctate. The antennze hardly surpassing

the prothorax, the first joint the thickest and coarsely punc-

tate, the second thinner than the first but thicker than the

third, slightly longer than each of the following three, which

are equal in length, the seventh a little longer than each of

the preceding ones, eighth to eleventh equal in length, the

last being bluntly pointed, the surface of the third to eleventh

smooth. Prothorax quadrate, at each of the anterior and poste-

rior lateral angles there is a small notch in the form of an acute

crescent ; the sides are margined and slightly sinuate; from

each of the anterior lateral angles on either side a smooth

sinuate ridge runs obliquely backwards on the dise ; ‘the

surface coarsely punctate exceptin the front, where the pune-

tures are finer; the posterior central area is smovth. In the

Structure of the prothorax this insect resembles more the

genera Nesohispa, Maulik, and Broutispa, Sharp, than

Plesispa. Scutellum triangular, smooth, dak red-brown.

Elytra parallel-sided, slightly narrowed behind the humerus,

in’ which it differs from P. reiehe’. The surface is not

depressed as in Nesohispa or Brontispa, The external apical

angles are broadly rounded. The sutural angles are without

auy sharp points. Lateral margin is dilated for a short

distance behind the shoulder. Regularly punctate-striate,

each elytron having, besides a scutellar row, on the narrowed

portion eight rows, and posterior to it ten rows, the fifth row

giving rise to two, which again meet before the apical area.

Lhe alternate interstices are inclined to be more costate than

they are in P. reichet. Underside smooth, shining. ‘lhe

colour of the abdominal segments is darker in P. reiched

than it is in the present species,

Length 7 mm.

Described from eight examples.

Type in the British Museum.

Co-types in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Malacea, 28. i. 1921.

The insect was sent to Dr. G. A. K. Marshall by the

Director of Agriculture, Federated Malay States.

‘The larve of the beetles belonging to this group are leaf-

miners, and often do considerable damage to young shoots.

The following note, indicating the use of the Nipa palm,

occurs on page 776 in Watt’s ‘Commercial Products of India?

(London, 1908) :—* The leaves (golputta) are very largely

employed for thatching and in making mats. In the Strait

Settlements they are used for covering cigarettes. Toddy is

obtained from the spathe, and the young fruit is edible.

Gamble states that the trade in go/patia leaves in the Sundri-

bans amounts to 135,000 tons, valued at Rs. 60,000.”

“Periodicals ‘published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS.

Published the First Day of every Month, —5s, nett.

THE

LONDON, EDINBURGH, Sed DUBLIN

‘PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.

Conducted by

SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.Sc., LL.D., F

SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, O.M., M.A., Se.D.,

- JOHN. JOLY, M.A., D.Sc., E.RS., E.G:S.,

— RICHARD TAUNTON FRANCIS, and

WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.LS.

RS,

E.R.S.,

Published the First Day ih every Month. —3¢. 6d. nett.

‘ANNALS AND “MAGAZINE. OF NATURAL HISTORY,

including Zoology, Botany, and Geology.

Conducted by

WILLIAM ‘CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.RS., F.LS.,.

Sir ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M. A, Se.D., FR. S.,

RICHARD T. FRAN CIS, E.ZS.

E.GS.,

B.S.

Z.8., and

Poadee in 187 43 Monthly, 2s. Annual Subscription, 20s.

THE OBSERVATORY,

A MONTHLY REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY.

Edited by

_¥F.J. M. STRATTON, M.A.,

HS. JONES, M.A., B.Sc., and

J. JACKSON, M.A., B.Sc.

Its Contributors include most of the leading English- speaking Astronomers,

and its Articles girs an interesting reflection of the pr: ne of axtronomioal °

thought and achievement.

Published # Monthy. Price 2s. nett. . Annual Subscription,

es O9e, 6d. Ds Ses

JOURNAL OF BOTANY

: Se ery AND — FOREIGN. i

| - Edited by

‘JAMES BRITTEN, KS.G., F.LS.,

LATE SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM,

ate Articles by. prominent Botanista } “Announcements of Discoveries ; Reviews ; :

_pontcel News and Notes, &e., &e.

en “Red L Lion Court, Fleet Street, London,

| -Winth Series.

CONTENTS OF NUMBER 41-

R. Burien Newron, 1.8.0., F. G. Bi: “Pat: XI. 1). aus am

XLYIL Papers'o on Oriental Carabide. ace By ce E, _ANDunwes, 404

XLVI, New Fishes festa Deep Water off the Coast of Natal,

-XLIX, Byete: Musearide (Dinter). —Il, ae i Rates pay

Urbane, I, UB.) ees ke eons) ee ee

L. A Note on the Aibewae Subfamily Diese with | Deserib- eae

tions ‘s new Recent and Fossil, Forms. oe, iB W. Epwanps ee ah : oe 1

LI. A Note on the “Subfamily Prony ipter. ee emato- :

cera). By F. W. HoWwaRns Sa aN lic gh isn ee a Sait aes oor aan

LIL. On a aa Bennettitalean Flower from: the ‘Wealden of ae

Sussex. By W. N. Epwarps. (Plate XI. figs. Le : ehaka PES a i

LILI. Note op Parka hase : By W. N. Epwanns., eh: XI, a

figs. 466) dessa Sieh PGA eee oer Be

LIV. On Cavies of the Genus Onviella, By Onprrua Toute ee

LY. New PSicmadias bbinas “ee Boe from Benador. ‘By : as * me

OLDFIELD Tuomas ROC GAELS CRD aee aes Heme a Bye ae

LVI. A new Wisp Beetle injurious Me ee Palm, ty Se

MAvLIK, Professor of Booloas: in the Panny of Caleutta ee oe

Soh:

*.* It is requested that all UYitsitn cinta ea for ‘is. Work n fnny be bade ea

post-paid, to the Care of Messrs. Taylor and ee Pridting Ofiee, Je

Red Lion Court, Fleet Seva London. Ba

—Vol.7. = = NINTH ‘SERIES.

THE ANNA LS

OF N ‘TURAL HISTORY,

INCLUDING :

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY AND GEOLOGY,

CONDUCTED BY.

WILLIAM, CARRUTHERS, Pu. “ge E.R. 8. FL. S., F, a

AND

a RICHARD. T. FRANCIS, F.Z.8

¥ <P A CONTINUATION OF VHE ‘ANNALS ” COMBINED WITH

OULON AND. CHARLESW ORTH’ *s “MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.”

B. PRESTON CLARK __ os

| 55 KILBY STREET, BOSTON, MASS., USA

desires SPHINGIDAE from North and North-west

India, Bengal, Thibet, Afghanistan, Abyssinia, Somali-

land, East Africa, Borneo, Java, and Mesopotamia.

He will recompense collectors liberally, either in

cash, books, or any other form that may be more

agreeable; and will be glad to hear from anyone who

can help him in any of the above countries.

He wouid also be glad to exchange with other

collectors or with Museums.

SCIENTIFIC BOOKS AND SERIALS.

WHELDON & WESLEY, Ltd. have the largest stock in the country of Books

in all Departments of Natural History and Science, also Transactions and Journals

of Learned Societies, etc., in sets, runs, and single volumes or numbers.

Libraries or small parcels purchased.

SEPARATE CATALOGUES ON ALL SUBJECTS

Twopence each, post free.

38 GREAT QUEEN STREET, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C. 2,

Telephone : Gerrard 1412,

Rates for Advertisements in the Annals and

Magazine of Natural History,

One. Six Twelve

_ Insertion. _—~_ Insertions. Insertions.

PAGE - 2 eat 3 0 0 215 Oeach 210 Qeach

NALE-PAGE. x= 492-6 10 soon eee Bie ee

QUARTER-PAGE - 18 0 16 26. AB OS, eg

EIGHTH-PAGE - 10 0 C.D oo Bee ee

All applications for space to be made to

Mr. H. A. COLLINS, 32 Birdhurst Road, 1 Croydon, ie

oS Sat ogi

THE ANNAITX

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

(NINTH SERIES.]

No. 42. JUNE 1921.

LVIL.—Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.— VI.

Oligocene Insects from Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. By

T. D. A. Cocxgrext, University of Colorado.

Tue present part continues the descriptions of insects from

Gurnet Bay ; the abbreviations used are the same as before.

In the study of the Diptera | have been constantly indebted

to Mr. F. W. Edwards for advice, but he is, of course, not

responsible for my treatment of the species. In sorting out

the materials I found a long series of Culicide, which 1 have

not studied, as Mr. Edwards has kindly promised to investi-

gate them at a later date. All the species now described

are figured, and | have not thought it worth while to describe

in words the features which can be much better understood

from the illustrations. Thirty-seven species of Diptera are

described in the present paper, all apparently referable to

existing genera, or so close to them that new generic names

have not seemed necessary. Among the fifty imsects of

various orders now described, only one new generic name

(for a moth) has been required. Thus it appears that the

insect-fauna of the Isle of Wight in Oligocene times was

very like that now inhabiting the earth, and in large part

similar to that now found in the same locality. The genera

of Diptera, in particular, are millions of years old, aud there

has been no general evolutionary movement transgressing

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. dl

454 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

generic limits since Oligocene times. There are, of course,

many extinct genera of Tertiary Diptera, but these have

simply died out, and the fauna as a whole has not been

transformed.

In the Miocene of Florissant, Colorado, extinct genera of

Diptera are rather numerous, and, in particular, there is a

whole series of extinct types of Bombyliide. So far as the

Gurnet Bay Diptera have been investigated, no trace of such

a series of extinct genera has been found. The extinct

Dipterous genera described (in former papers) from Gurnet

Bay are Paltostomopsis (Blepharoceridee), bibiodites (Bibio-

nidw), Protoberis (Stratiomyide), Stenomyites (Ortalidide),

and Protoscinis (Chloropide). Another supposed extinct

genus proved to be synonymous with the rare living genus

Styringomyia. More than once, during Tertiary times,

migrations have brought numerous elements of the Old

World fauna into direct conflict with that of America. It

seems probable that in the struggle fur existence whole

groups of American genera, as in Bombyliidz and Aphidide,

perished. Was there any corresponding phenomenon in

Europe? The Gurnet Bay fossils do not suggest it, although

some of the genera (of ants and termites) most abundantly

represented in individuals have retreated to the Oriental and

Australian regions. It must be said, however, that all the

bees in Baltic Amber (Oligocene) belong to extinct genera.

It remains uncertain whether they perished on account of

the competition of other types migrating from elsewhere, or

whether (as seems more likely) the whole bee-fauna has

undergone evolutionary advance comparable with that of the

mammals. In that case, the bees constitute an exception to

the general statement made above.

During October, my wife and I visited the Isle of Wight

for the express purpose of examining the loéality of the

insect beds. Following the directions kindly supplied by

Mr. G. W. Colenutt of Ryde, we had no difficulty in finding

the principal locality, which is at the junction of Gurnet (or

Gurnard) and Thorness bays, in the Bembridge beds. The

exposure of insect-bearing rock was on the shore, and was

entirely worked out by Mr. A’Court Smith in the course of

a uumber of years. So far as can be seen, it will never

again be possible to make a large collection of Gurnet Bay

fossil insects. All we could find consisted of stray pebbles

on the shore, which on being broken showed the characteristic

surfaces, with ants (principally G’cophylla) and in one case

an undescribed Homopterous insect. There appears to be

no douot whatever that the insect-bearing rock belongs to

in the British Museum. 455

the Bembridge beds, and is essentially contemporaneous

with the fauna including Paleotherium (of which my wife

found a mandible at Yarmouth) and many interesting

mollusea. In a piece of typical insect-bearing rock my wife

found a good example of the shell Planurbis discus, Edwards,

DIrPTreERa.

Tipulide.

Tipula callarche, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Wing about 9:8 mm. long, hyaline, heavily marked with

dark brown, as shown in figure, the dark ‘areas broadly

surrounded by pale reddish ; thorax small.

Tipula callarehe, sp. n.

In. 17381 (A’Court Smith), <A distinct and striking

species.

Tipula acourtt, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Stigma to apex of wing 4°5 mm., width of wing at stigma

5 mm.; wing strongly suffused with brown along the veins ;

venation shown in figure.

456 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

I. 8901 (Brodie collection). Very lke 7. splendens,

Brunetti, agreeing in the venation. It also greatly resembles

T. tessellatipennis, Brunetti.

Megistocera gurnetensis, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Wing hyaline, with colourless veins ; a dusky stigmatic

spot, and two others below it. Stigma to end of wing 3°8

mm.; origin of Rs to end of wing 5°2 mm.; width of wing

3°] mm.

Megistocera gurnetensis, sp. 0.

In 17090 (A’Court Smith). Compared, at Mr. Edwards’s

suggestion, with Dolichopeza and Megistocera. It agrees

much better with the latter, and can well be congeneric with

M. fuscana, Wulp. The second basal cell differs, being in

the fossil more as in Tipula.

Gymnastes fasciatipennis, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Wing slightly over 3 mm. long, with three broad dark

grey bands (the third apical), alternating with narrower

hyaline ones, the middle hyaline one narrowest in middle.

Fig. 4.

I, 10242,

I. 9704.

Gymnastes fasciatipennis, sp. n.

in the British Museum. A457

I. 10242 (Brodie collection). Another specimen (I. 9704, -

with reverse 9729), also from the Brodie collection, is referred

here. It is 3°3 mm. long; head and thorax dark brown,

abdomen intense black ; wing nearly 3 mm. I. 10242 is

the type.

The venation cannot all be made out, and I have drawn

only what I could clearly see. The species resembles

G. violaceus, Brunetti, but differs by having the lower cross-

vein basad of the base of the discal cell. The apex. of the

discal cell apparently fails, as in modern Gymnastes. The

position of the lower cross-vein agrees with various species

of Hrioptera, but the costo-apical region differs.

Empeda hyalina, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Wing 4 mm. long, hyaline, with large red-brown stigmatic

spot, and extreme apex suffusedly darkened.

Fig. 5.

Empeda hyalina, sp. 1.

Hooley, 1893.4. The costo-apical region of the wing agrees

with E. inconspicua, Brunetti, not with E. nubila, Schum.

The discal cell, however, is precisely as in Phyllolabis

obscurus, Doane.

Empeda ferruginea, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

?. Length 4-4 mm.; dark fuscous; wings 4°4 mm. long,

pale ferruginous. 2

Fig. 6.

Empeda ferruginea, sp. 0.

I. 8963 (Brodie collection). Similar to the last, but

larger and differently coloured.

458 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Dicranomyia excavata, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Wing about 6°5 mm. long ; hyaline, with brownish veins,

and a cloud at the marginal cross-vein, exactly as in

D. simulans, Walker. It differs from simulans by having the

preefurea strongly curved at base, and in this respect agrees

with D. whartoni, Needham.

Fig. 7.

Dicranomyia excavata, sp. n.

I. 8884 (Brodie collection). I collected the living

D. chorea, Mg. (det. F. W. Edwards), at. Yarmouth, I. of

Wight. It is remarkably similar to D. excavata, but the

spot in the marginal cell is very faint.

Epiphragma spiloptera, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Wing about 11°5 mm. long (not quite 11 mm. preserved,

the apex missing), quite broad, pale reddish grey, with

Fuscous spots and clouds as shown in figure ; first marginal

cell about 4°5 mm. long, slender, obtuse at base, squarely

Fig. 8.

LEpiphragma spiloptera, sp. 0.

but narrowly truncate at apex; discal cell with its upper

apical corner a right angle, its outer side vertical, but its

inner side (on first basal) distinctly oblique, its side on

second basal about three-fifths that on first basal.

1.9015 (Brodie collection). Iam indebted to Mr. Edwards

for the suggestion that this may be referable to Epiphragma.

in the British Museum. 459

It is not much like E. fascipennis, Say, but I find nothing

else which it closely resembles. In the form of the discal

cell and other features it is not unlike Limnophila

quadrata, O.-S,

Limnophila deleta, sp.n. (Fig. 9.)

Length about 6 mm. ; wing 6 mm. long, reddish hyaline,

with pale veins and a dusky stigmatic spot. In the discal

cell and the parts above it, there is a close resemblance

to the Gurnet Bay fossil Rhipidia brodiei, Ckll., but in

Limnophila deleta, sp. n.

that the first basal on submarginal is much longer than

its face on first posterior. L. deleta differs very littlé from

LI. montana, O.-S., but the base of przfurca is more bent,

and the first submarginal cell is more acute at base, and

with a longer stem.

I. 9053 (Brodie collection).

Limnobia spilota, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Wing about 7 mm. long, clear hyaline, with fuscous

Fig. 10.

Limnobia spilota, sp. n.

_ veins and a large reddish stigmatic spot. It is much like

L, tinctinervis, Brunetti, which agrees in the spot in the

460 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

marginal cell. The preefurca is as in L. cinctipes, Say. The

thorax and abdomen are dark fuscous.

In. 17114 (A’Court Smith).

Mongoma pallescens, sp.n. (Fig. 11.)

Wing 4 mm. long, or slightly more ; hyaline, with pale

yellowish veins. Only part of the venation can be made

out, but the upper part of the wing closely resembles

M. pennipes, O.-S., and M. fragillima, Westw. The second

Fig. 11.

Mongoma pallescens, sp. n.

marginal cell is rather broadly joined to the submarginal

below it, a feature which readily distinguishes the species

from M. cruciferella, Ckll. (A new specimen of M. cruci-

ferella (In. 17259), with wing about 6 mm. long, has been

found in the collection.)

I. 8898 (Brodie collection).

Gonomyia ferrea, sp.n. (Fig. 12.)

Wing pale ferruginous, with bright ferruginous nervures ;

subcostal cell red. The part preserved is about 3 mm. long;

from end of second basal cell to apex of wing is nearly

2 mm,

Fig. 12.

Gonomyia, ferred, sp. D.

H. 835. This is very near G. cognatella, O.-S., but has a

longer first submarginal cell. In this character it also

differs from G. aperta, Brunetti.

in the British Museum. 461

Gonomyia lutescens, sp. n. (Fig. 13.)

Wing 5 mm, long, very pale luteous, with pale veins,

more or less shaded with grey.

I. 9217 (Brodie collection). I. 9728 is the same species,

and shows narrow thorax and black abdomen. In. 17099

seems to be the same, but the prefurca is distinctly

Fie: 13:

Gonomyia lutescens, sp. n,

longer. Very like G. cognatella, O.-S., but prefurca as in

G. sulphurella, O.-S. This is certainly distinct from

G. ferrea, having the stem of the first submarginal cell only

about half as long, and the wing not reddened.

Gonomyia grisea, sp. n. (Fig. 14.)

Wing pale grey, with pale veins, its length 4mm.; a

slight dusky cloud at end of second submarginal cell; stem

of first submarginal cell very long.

Gonomyia grisea, sp. n.

H. 1534. Except for the costo-apical region, this also

resembles G. cognatella. The prefurca is much more

curved in G. aperta.

Limnophila aliena, sp. n. (Fig. 15.)

Wing about 5 mm. long, pale luteous; abdomen dark

brown. The venation is peculiar, and the generic reference

462 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

is provisional. The undulation of R, is nearly asin L, toxo-

neura, O.-S., but that has a marginal cross-vein, absent in

the fossil. ZL. munda, O.-S., also seems related. The first

Fig. 15.

Limnophila aliena, sp. n.

vein from the discal cell is simple throughout, not forked as

in L. deleta. It also differs from LZ. deleta in having the

second anal straight to the end, not curved.

I. 9018 (Brodie collection).

Limnophila incogn'ta, sp.n. (Fig. 16.)

Length nearly 6 mm., greyish fuscous ; wing 6 mm. long,

reddish. Remarkable for the long prefurca, which goes a

short distance basad of the level of end of secondanal. The

three veins from the discal cell are all simple, and the discal

cell itself is long and narrow, broadening apically, with the

face on the second posterior cell shorter than that on the

third.

Fig. 16.

>»)

I. 9186 (Brodie collection). It resembles L. quadrata,

O.-S., in the simple 1/,, but in quadrata the cross-vein below

the discal cell is nearer the middle of that cell, and Rs forks

basad of the base of first posterior cell.

Limnophila incognita, sp. n.

an the British Museum. 463

Mycetophilide.

Platyura obliqua, sp. n. (Fig. 17.)

Wing 4 mm. long and about 1:3 wide, without spots ; head

and thorax very small. By the long oblique 3a (Jt2,,;) this

Platyura obliqua, sp. n.

resembles Paleoplatyura ; except for this, the wing greatly

resembles that of Platyura ignobilis, Williston,

I. 9657 (Brodie collection).

Mycomya oblita, sp.n. (Fig. 18.)

Wing about 3 mm. long, hyaline, slightly dusky at apex ;

Fig. 18.

Mycomya oblita, sp. n.

abdomen reddish fuscous. In the long stem of media this

agrees with M. littoralis, Say.

I. 8973 (Brodie collection).

Acnemia simplex, sp.u. (Fig. 19.)

Wing about 2 mm. long, very broad and short, pale

reddish ; venation typical for genus, with simple cubitus.

Fig. 19.

Acnemia simplex, sp. n.

464 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

I, 9597 (Brodie collection). A species of this genus

(A. bolsiusi, Meunier) occurs in Baltic amber,

Rymosia edwardsi, sp.n. (Fig. 20.)

Thorax dark brown; wing 5°l1 mm, long, beautifully

iridescent, with dark fuscous markings as shown in the

figure. The marking is as in the species of Leia, but the

venation is that of Rymosia.

Rymosia edwardsi, sp. n.

I. 9336 (Brodie collection). Named after Mr. F. W.

Edwards, to whom I am greatly indebted for advice

concerning the Mycetophilide.

Rymosia grisea, sp. n. (Fig. 21.)

Wing 2:4 mm. long, pale grey (not at all reddish), with

dusky veins; no spots.

Fig. 21.

Rymosia grisea, sp. 0,

I. 8865 (Brodie collection). asily distinguished from

the other Gurnet Bay species by the venation, as shown

in the figure.

in the British Museum. 465

Rymosia rufescens, sp.u. (Fig. 22.

Wing 2°5 mm. long, very pale reddish, with mainly dark

Fig. 22.

Rymosia rufescens, sp. n.

veins, Very like 2. ferruginea, but easily separated by the

shorter fork of the cubitus,

I. 8956 (Brodie collection).

Rymosia ferruginea, sp. n. (Fig. 23.)

Thorax and abdomen piceous, the abdomen very slender ;

wing about 2 mm. long, deep ferruginous, with fuscous veins.

I. 9802 (Brodie collection).

Fig. 23.

Rymosia ferruginea, sp. n.

Phronia (?) virgata, sp. n.

Wing nearly 8 mm. long, pale greyish ; abdomen brown,

with the sutures beyond the middle pallid.

(Fig. 24.)

eoee--

Phronia (?) virgata, sp. n,

I. 9789 (Brodie collection). Looks like the small species

466 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

of Rymosia, but easily separated by the very long stem and

short broad fork of cubitus.

Psychodide.

Psychoda (?) leucospila, sp.n. (Fig. 25.)

Thorax and abdomen ferruginous, the abdomen parallel-

sided, comparatively narrow ; wing hyaline, about 2 mm.

long, with a large chalky-white costal patch near base, quite .

the same (and well preserved) on both sides. Venation

nearly as in P. primeva, Ckll., but that is a larger species

and does not show the white patches.

Psychoda (?) leucospila, sp. n.

I. 9463 (Brodie collection). No species could be found

among the living forms showing similar white areas at the

base of the wings. The insect is in some respects like

Trichomyia, but differs in the venation.

Dixide.

Diza priscula, sp.n. (Fig. 26.)

Wings hyaline, 4 mm. long. Venation typical for Dia,

Diva priscula, sp. n.

but differing from some species in that the M—Cu cross-

vein arises before the lower end of the R-M cross-vein. The

media is straight, instead of being bent at the cross-veins.

i 08,

in the British Museum. 467

Rhyphide.

Rhyphus hooleyi, sp. n. (Fig. 27.)

Wing 5°2 mm. long; hyaline, mottled with pale brown,

veins pale. A distinct costo-apical cloud, one in the region

of the anterior cross-vein, and one about the end of the

diseal cell.

H. 456, collected in 1891. Closely allied to the living

R. punctatus, Fab., with which it agrees in the position of

the discal and lower cross-veins ; in R. pulchricornis, Brunetti,

these are nearly equally distant from the base of the discal

cell, It is also closely similar to R. distinctus, Brunetti.

Fig. 27.

Rhyphus hooleyi, sp. n.

An imperfect specimen, In. 17136 (A’Court Smith), with

reverse I. 9063 (Brodie collection), has the spots darker, but

seems to belong to the same species. It has a distinct spot

in the base of the submarginal cell, and the veins at the end

of the second basal are surrounded by a cloud. There are

also dark clouds along the lower division of fifth and the sixth

vein. Experience has shown that the depth of colour and

distinctness of the spots in such insects differ according

to the exact conditions of preservation.

I collected the living R. punctatus, Fb. (det. F. W.

Edwards), at Gurnet Bay, October 7.

Bibionide.

Plecia acourti, sp.n. (Fig. 28.)

Head small; thorax smalland narrow. Dark fuscous, the

Fie. 28.

a We

Plecia acourti, sp. n.

468 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

wings about 6°4 mm. long and entirely dark fuliginous.

Venation as shown in figure.

In. 17098 (A’Court Smith).

Bibio vblitus, sp.n. (Fig. 29.)

Wing 4 mm. long; hyaline, with the stigma very dark,

and apical region smoky but not dark; stigma and third

Fig. 29.

Bibio oblitus, sp. n.

vein fuscous, quite dark, but veins of middle and lower part

of wing colourless and very slender. Allied to B. gurnetensis,

Ckll., but smaller, and differing in the details of the

venation.

I. 9604 (Brodie collection).

Bibio extremus, sp. u. (Fig. 30.)

Wing 5 mm. long, hyaline; stigmatic spot large;

venation similar to that of B. obscuripennis, Meij., except

Fig. 30.

Ripe nr

Bibio extremus, sp. n.

that the discal cross-vein is conspicuously shorter. Also

related to B. oligocenus, Ckll., but much smaller, and

differing in the details of the venation.

I. 8860 (Brodie collection ).

in the British Museum. 469

Chironomide.

Palpomyia edwardsi, sp. un. (Fig. 31.)

Head very small; thorax strongly arched in lateral

profile ; scutellam prominent ; wings 3 mm. long, hyaline,

Fig. 31.

°F Thorax

pe ———

——————_.-

Palpomyia edwardsi, sp. n.

faintly reddish; nervures pale ferruginous. Venation

normal for the genus.

I. 9757 (Brodie collection). I am indebted to Mr. F. W.

Edwards for the generic reference.

Bombyliida.

Systropus acourti, sp.u. (Fig. 32.)

Wing about 4:9 mm. long, greyish hyaline, with dark

veins ; abdomen jong and slender, dark, with a dorsal stripe

broken into spots, the form cylindrical, not clavate, its

length about 4:9 mm. Marginal cell narrow ; cubital fork

Fig. 32.

Systropus acourti, sp. n,

wider than the submarginal cell above it; first postcrior cell

with a strong fold down its middle; anterior cross-vein

considerably beyond middle of discal cell ; anal cell closed.

The apical part of the wing is suffusedly blackish.

In. 17208 and the reverse 17293 (A’C. Sm.).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 32

470 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Asilide.

Asilus gurnetensis, sp.n. (Fig. 33.)

A fragment of a pale ferruginous wing, 6°8 mm. long,

from just below anterior cross-vein to apex. The venation,

Fig. 33.

See

Asilus gurnetensis, sp. n.

so far as visible, is exactly as in the living Philonicus

albiceps, Mg., but the fossil species is somewhat larger.

Philonicus is separated from Asilus by abdominal characters,

so the fossil is referred to Asz/us in the broad sense.

H. 1174.

Proctacanthus fractus, sp.n. (Fig. 34.)

Wing greyish hyaline, with dark veins; membrane

Proctacanthus fractus, sp. 1.

transversely corrugated. Length of fragment 5 mm., pro-

bable length of wing 8 or 9 mm., thus very small for the

genus.

H. 1536.

in the British Museum. A471

Leptidz.

Chrysopilus anglicus, sp.n. (Fig. 35.)

Wings hyaline, with dark veins, and dusky stigmatic

region. Length of fragment, as shown in figure, 4°5 mm.

Fig. 35.

Chrysopilus anglicus, sp. n.

H. 410. The name of the genus is often written Chryso-

pila, but Chrysopilus, Meq., 1826, is the earlier form.

Chrysopilus stigmaticus, sp.n. (Fig. 36.)

Fragment as figured about 3 mm. long. Similar to the

Chrysopilus stigmaticus, sp. 0.

last, but wings pale ferruginous, with dark fuscous stigmatic

Gy ae

H. 1395.

32*

472 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fosstl Arthropods

Tabanide.

Chrysops vectensis, sp.n. (Fig. 37.)

Length 9:2 mm., abdomen about 2°5 mm. broad; wings

6:7 mm. long, reddish, when directed posteriorly extending

considerably beyond abdomen.

Fig. 37.

—S

—= ee

Aer eRe ess

Chrysops vectensis, sp. 1.

H. 46. Branchiopoda bed. The anal cell is as in

C. sepulcralis, Fab. The small size indicates Chrysops rather

than Zabanus, and the somewhat contracted fourth posterior

cell agrees best with the Pangonine.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GurnettIa, gen. nov. (Cosside.)

Broad-winged moths of fair size; anterior wing with

areole, chorda, and stem of media well developed, but the

V-like fork of media below end of cell is absent through the

lack of its upper portion ; the areole is long, and has the

appearance of being divided. off from the cell, as in Zeuzera,

not mainly beyond it, as in Cossus; , runs so nearly

parallel with J, that its separation must be far basad (not

near the areole as in Jefferis Turner’s hypothetical Proto-

cossid) ; R; arises below the areole, and is very close to M,,

which is widely separated from M,; the separation of M, is

essentially as in Cossus, and not at all as in Zeuzera; Cuz is

very distinctly curved. The membrane is covered with fine

transverse striz (11 or 12 in a mm.), on which the scales

were set.

in the British Museum. 473

Gurnetia durranti, sp.n. (Fig. 88.)

Greatest diameter of part preserved (see figure) 11-4 mm. ;

membrane colourless, veins pale yellowish ; areole 3°4 mm.

long.

H. 39. I had concluded that this must represent a new

Cossid genus, but should have hesitated to publish it but

for the kind advice of Mr. J. H. Durrant, who carefully

examined it with me and gave me the benefit of his wide

Fig. 38.

Gurnetia durranti, sp. 0.

knowledge of Lepidopterous venation. It is certainly

Lepidopterous, although in Trichoptera only three veins

usually arise from the areole (discoidal cell), and there is a

general similarity to the type of venation represented by

Limnephilus. The position of R; below the areole disagrees

with Jefferis Turner’s hypothetical ancestor of the Cosside,

but agrees with the Tineid Nemophora swammerdamella (di.)8

OrTHOPTERA.

Gryllide.

It is very interesting to find tegmina of male crickets

quite as specialised as those of to-day, and apparently not

differing from the modern genera. There is no advantage in

trying to describe the complicated patterns in words, as the

figures show what there is to be seen.

474. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

Gryllotalpa prima, sp.n. (Fig. 39.)

Length of fragment figured 6°5 mm., pale ochreous, with

pale yellowish-ferruginous veins.

Gryllotalpa prima, sp. n.

H. 181, with reverse, H. 480.

Gryllus vetus, sp.n. (Fig. 40.)

Length of tegmen as preserved 5 mm., width 3°4 mm.;

all beyond the long oblique nervure dark reddish brown, the

Gryllus vetus, sp. 0.

rest pale, with two dark spots as shown in figure. Region

above the longitudinal division perfectly black.

H. 152.

in the British Museum. 475

Gryllus oligocenus, sp. un. (Fig. 41.)

Length of tegmen 4°3 mm., width (excluding part above

longitudinal division) 2 mm.; basal half reddish brown,

shaded with yellowish, apical part paler, with two dusky

spots near lower margin.

Fig. 41.

Gryllus oligocenus, sp. 0.

H. 1210. Possibly only a variation of the last, but

apparently distinct, as it is considerably smaller, and

differs notably in the venation.

HomMopreRa.

Fulgoride.

Poekilloptera (?) melanospila, sp. n. (Fig. 42.)

A fragment of a wing, 13 mm. long and 8 wide, with

colourless veins, enclosing large intense black spots, the

larger ones about 2 mm. across.

Poekilloptera (?) melanospila, sp. n.

H. 48. On comparison, this exactly agrees in character

and markings with the anterior wing of Poekilloptera

phalenoides (l.), from the Neotropical Region, This is a

476 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods:

very surprising discovery, but I know of no organism

which the fossil could represent, except the genus to which

I refer it. The other Flatine are variously marked, but

not in this manner.

Aphidide.

Aphis (sens. lat.) gurnetensis, sp. n. (Fig. 43.)

Wing 3:2 mm. long, hyaline ; Mp, Cu, Sc+#, and margin

of stigma dark brown, the other veins colourless.

Aphis (sens. lat.) gurnetensis, sp. n.

H. 1124, collected in 1891. A very ordinary Aphid,

which cannot be placed in a modern genus from the wing

alone. :

Psyllide.

Livilla hooleyi, sp. n. (Fig. 44.)

Wing (elytron) 3 mm. long, with dark veins ; venation

nearly as in the living species, but the second cubital fork is

more gibbous above.

Fig. 44.

eet tt

Livilla hooleyt, sp. nu.

Type, H. 430, with the reverse, H. 445, Another speci-

men (H. 449) has what seems to be an oblique vein

in the British Museum. AT7

connecting the radial and cubital veins, but this is

colourless in H. 430, though the veins are dark, and is

evidently not a true vein. ‘his is the third Psyllhd from

Gurnet Bay. The modern Livilla ulicis, Curtis, feeds on

Ulex.

CoLEOPTERA.

Carabide.

Pterostichus gurnetensis, sp.n. (Fig. 45.)

Elytra 12°5 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, with eight sharp

striz, and the usual additional short one between the first

and second basally ; outermost stria punctate. The short

stria fails to join the first.

Pterostichus gurnetensis, sp. n.

H. 221. An ordinary species, structurally similar to the

much smaller interglacial P. dormitans, Scudder, but with

the short stria not joining the first, and the discal striz not

visibly punctulate. The discal striz are ‘5 mm. apart.

NEUVROPTERA.

Mantispa relicta, sp.n. (Fig. 46.)

Represented by a fragment, 7°5 mm. long, of a hyaline

wing, with thick dark veins and margin, It is probably

a hind wing. The terminal forks are shorter than in

478 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

M. pusilla, Pall., and more symmetrical than in M. annuli-

cornis, Gerst.; in the latter feature they are more like the

anterior wing of M. fenestralis, Navas. Compared with

M. crenata, Navas, the peduncles of forks are much too long

Fig. 46.

Mantispa relicta, sp. n.

in M. relicta for the anterior wing, and the forks are too

symmetrical for the posterior wing.

H. 15381.

PANORPOIDEA.

Panorpa veterna, sp.n. (Fig. 47.)

Fragment of the end of a wing, a little over 8 mm. long

as faras preserved. It resembles the living P. germanica, L.,

Panorpa veterna, sp. 0.

but differs by the distinct subapical band. The minute

details of the venation are not of specific value.

H. 1394, collected in 1891.

in the British Museum. A479

TRICHOPTERA.

Bereodes anglica, sp. n. (Fig. 48.)

Anterior wing about 4°5 mm. long, colourless, with

colourless veins. The venation nearly agrees with the

female of B. pectinata, Ulmer, from Prussian amber, but the

Fig. 48,

Bereodes anglica, sp. n.

lower division of the media is not forked, and the radio-

medial cross-vein is placed well beyond the adjacent radial

fork.

I. 10240 (Brodie collection).

Bereodes vectensis, sp.n. (Fig. 49.)

Anterior wing 3°5 mm. long, dilute ferruginous ; hind

wing about 2°8 mm., colourless. . Smaller and with narrower

wings than B. anglica; the lower division of the media is

Bereodes vectensis, sp. n.

forked as in B. pectinata, but the radio-medial cross-vein is

situated as in B. anglica. B. pectinata is a larger species,

of the size of B. anglica.

I. 9184 (Brodie collection). The details of the venation

of the hind wing are obscure,

480 Mr. B. P. Uvarov— Records and

CoRRODENTIA.

Psocus acourti, sp. n. (Fig. 50.)

Wing about 3 mm. long, pale grey with fuscous veins ;

stigma pale luteous,

Fig. 50.

Psocus acourti, sp. n.

H. 836. Essentially similar to modern species.

LVIII.—Records and Descriptions of Indian Acridide

(Orthoptera). By B. P. Uvarov, F.E.S., Assistant Ento-

mologist, Imperial Bureau of Entomology.

HE present paper is based upon a part of the collection

of Orthoptera sent long ago by the Agricultural Research

Institute, Pusa, Bengal, to the late W. F. Kirby, and only

partially worked out by that specialist while compiling the

corresponding volume of the ‘Fauna of British India.’

T. Bolivar, in his recent publication on the Indian Acrididz™*,

has already mentioned that this book, which ought to be a

standard work for the study of the Indian Fauna, contains

many errors, owing probably to the fact that the manuscript

was not completed at the time of Kirby’s death. A few of

these mistakes are obvious even from the descriptions and

drawings, and they have been corrected by Bolivar in the -

paper referred to, but the clearing up of many questions

of systematics and synonymy is quite impossible without

studying the type-specimens. I should say, even, that the

serious study of Indian Orthoptera is almost impossible

anywhere else except in the British Museum, since the

majority of known Indian species have been described by

* “Contribucion al conocimento de la fauna Indica. Orthoptera

(Locustide vel Acridide),” Rey. R. Acad. Qien., Madrid, t. xvi. no. 6,

7, 8, & 9, pp. 278-412.

Descriptions of Indian Acrididee. 481

Walker and the correct location of Walker’s species is

possible only by studying the types, his descriptions being,

in most cases, useless. Most authors, therefore, simply

ignore Walker’s species, which results in multiplying

synonyms. ‘Thus, the study of the collection now before

me revealed that many species described by Brunner v.

Wattenwyll, I. Bolivar, ete., are doubtless synonymous with

species of Walker’s, and further descriptions of new Indian

Orthoptera, regardless of Walker’s species, will only add

to the confusion in nomenclature and synonymy, which is

already too great in Orthoptera.

The identification of the part of Pusa collection which

has not been worked out by Kirby has enabled me to

describe a number of new forms, the types of which are

incorporated in the British Museum collection.

Subfamily Acrrprmwx.

1. Acrida exaltata, Walker.

1859. Truvalis exaltata, Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

999

pp. 222. s

1893. Tryvalis brevicollis, Bolivar, Aun. Soe. Ent. Fr. lxx. p. 588.

1902. Acrida lugubris, Burr, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 157, 170.

W.F. Kirby, in the ‘ Fauna of British India’ (Orthoptera,

Acridide, 1914, p. 99), correctly synonymized drevicollis,

Bol., with evaltata, Walk., since the only difference between

these two species, according to Bolivar himself, is in the

coloration of the wings. The large series of specimens

before me shows most clearly that this character is subject

to individual variability, and it is easy to find all the gradual

transition-forms between the two extremes; Burr’s species

has the most infumated wings, while evxaltata, Walk., is

intermediate between it and brevicollis, Bol., which has the

wings entirely hyaline. ‘The difference between evaltata,

Walk., and the South European turrita, L., is also very

minute, and it is possible that evaltata is but a geographical

form of ¢turrita.

This species seems to be very common in India, since the

Pusa collection contains a large number of specimens from

different localities.

2. Acridella nasuta, L.

Bilaspur, Central Provinces, ii. 1907; Surat, Bombay,

12. vi. 1904.

The Indiau specimens are quite typical.

482 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

3. Gelastorrhinus sagitta, Uvarov.

Pusa, 21. ix. 1907, 2.979):

This species was described by me from Amu-Darya,

Transcaspia, and the Indian specimens vow before me

undoubtedly belong to it.

4. Gelastorrhinus semipictus, Walker.

W. F. Kirby correctly placed G. tryxaloides, Bol., as a

syuonym of this species ; it is quite probable that G. a/bo-

lineatus, Br. W., and G. selache, Burr, are also mere

synonyms of semipictus.

5. Aswatthamanus cylindricus, Kirby.

1914. Aswatthamanus cylindricus, Kirby, Fauna Br. India, Aerid.

p. 101,

1914. Lefroya acutipennis, Kirby, lc. p. 219.

There is not the slightest doubt that Kirby deser:bed the

same species (and probably the same specimens) under two

different names. Though the type of Lefroya is not in the

Museum, the description of it completely agrees with

the type-specimens of Aswatthamanus, and I feel justified in

regarding them as conspecific. I have before me several

specimens from Pusa and Chapra, Bengal.

6. Aulacobothrus luteipes, Walker.

187]. Stenobothrus luteipes, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. v.,

Suppl. p. 82.

1902. Aulacobothrus teniatus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, lxx. p. 600,

1914. Stauroderus bicolor, Kirby (nec Charp.), Fauna Br. Ind., Acrid.

p- 127, tig. 98.

The description of teniatus, Bol., leaves no doubt as to its

identity with /uteipes, Walk., when compared with the type

of the latter.

This must be a very common species, since it is repre-

sented by numerous specimens from Pusa, Chapra, Batajhari

(Central Provinces), Simla, 7000’, and Cuttuck (Bengal).

There are also in the British Museum specimens from

Ceylon and Baltistan.

7. Aulacobothrus decisus, Walker.

1871. Stenobothrus decisus, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Br. Mus. v.,

Suppl. p. 80.

1902. Aulacobothrus socius, Bolivar, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. lxx. p. 598.

The synonymy is established on the ground of comparison

of Bolivar’s description of svcius with the original type of

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 483

decisus, and is beyond any doubt. There are two males in

Pusa collection, taken at Kholapur Peta, Kolaba Distr.,

Bombay Prov., 16. v. 1904.

8. Aulacobothrus bolivari, sp. un.

3. More robust than /uteipes, Walk., which it resembles

at first glance. Antenne distinctly longer than head and

pronotum together, filiform. Frontal ridge convex, without

any trace of an impression near ocellum, sparsely impresso-

punctate. Temporal foveolz small, shallow, elongato-rhom-

boidal, not sharply defined. Fastigium of vertex scarcely

reclinate, distinctly marginated, with an ovoidal impression ;

lateral carinule converging between the eyes and prolonged

into two parallel occipital carinule, not reaching pronotum ;

the feeble median carinula begins beyond the middle of the

impression and reaches the pronotum. Pronotum rounded,

gradually narrowed anteriorly; median carina well-developed,

almost straight in profile, intersected just behind its middle

by the hind transverse sulcus; lateral carine strongly”

convergent between the fore margin of pronotum and the

first transverse sulcus, which intersects them, but does not

reach the median carina; from the first suleus backwards

the lateral carinz are strongly divergent, straight, and reach

the hind margin of pronotum, being interrupted in the

middle by the hind sulcus; hind angle of pronotal disc

obtuse, rounded at the apex; lateral lobes minutely

rugulose, with an oval impression in the middle of upper

margin, with fore and hind margins straight, lower margin

very obtusely angulate behind its middle, fore angle very

obtuse, hind angle a little more than 90°, both angles

rounded at the apex. Elytra reaching behind the knees,

with apical third attenuate ; mediastinal area reaching to

the middle of elytra, with a dilatation in its middle, with a

false vein and a few oblique veinlets ; scapular area reaching

the apical third of elytra, dilated, especially beyond its

middle, with regular oblique veinlets; externo-medial area

narrow, gradually widened towards the apex; discoidal area

as wide as the interulnar, irregularly though not densely

venulated, with cells in part disposed in two rows; fore and

middle radial veins straight, the latter bifurcate in the

apical third; hind radial slightly bent backwards, bifurcate

about the middle of elytra; hind ulnar and dividing veins

straight. Wings scarcely shorter than elytra, twice as Jong

as broad. Hind tibiz armed with four apical spurs, the

two outer being about half as short as the upper inner one,

484 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

while the latter itself is but a little longer than half the

lower inner spur. Supra-anal plate oval, with apex sub-

acute, and with a basal longitudinal impression. Cerci

short, conical, Subgenital plate short, rotundate.

General coloration brownish, A paler stripe runs from

the apex of the fastigium, through the middle of the pro-

notum and axillar field of elytra. Lateral keels of

pronotum concolorous. Elytra infumate, except the axillar

field, with oblique narrow whitish stigma beyond the middle ;

all veins dark brown. Wings slightly sulphurous at the

base, feebly, but distinctly infumate, gradually darkened

towards the tips. Hind femora unicolorous externally, with

two scarcely perceptible greyish bands on the upperside ;

upper and lower carinz of the area externomedia with a few

grey points; inner side yellowish; knees with semilunar

grey spots externally and internally. Hind tibie orange-

yellow; their spines black-tipped.

3 (type). 2 (paratype).

mim. miu,

Length of body ........ 18 23

pronotum .... 4 5

"3 OlyEtd ews a te5 15 19

hind femora .. 12 15

)

The female differs from the male by its more robust

stature, shorter antenne, and the coloration of the elytra,

which are not strongly infumate throughout, but bear three

rather indefinite dark spots along the middle; the venation

of the wings is practically the same as in the male, the con-

siderable width of the discoidal area and the presence of an

irregular false vein in the same being very characteristic

for both sexes. The species is easily recognised by this

character alone.

The type ¢ is from Chapra, Bengal; the paratypic female

is from Koilpati, Madras, 17. vii. 1907; several more speci-

mens are without precise locality.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to

Prof. I. Bolivar, who has done so much for the study of

Orthoptera, and those of India particularly.

The genus Aulacobothrus, Bol., probably replaces in India

the Palearctic genus Stenobothrus (divided now into several

genera), and a revision of the species is very badly wanted,

but I have not yet enough material before me to undertake

it; there are in the Pusa collection two or three more

species which are not yet described, but represented by

single or damaged specimens only, and I prefer to abstain

from describing them until further material is available for

study.

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 485

9. Leva indica, Bol.

Pusa, 13. ix. 1908, on grass; Koiloasi, Madras, 21. vii.

1907.

10. Leva cruciata, Bol.

Several specimens without locality.

To the genus Leva belongs also Stenobothrus apicalis,

Walk., which is conspecific with Stenobothrus turbatus,

Walk., and with Leva soluta, Bol.; Stenobothrus mundus,

Walk., and St. epacromoides, Walk., are also species of Leva.

A revision of this genus is also necessary, but more material

is wanted for this purpose.

ll. Ceracris nigricornis, Walker.

1870. Ceracris nigricornis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. iv. p.f9l..noy

1893. Duronia versicolor, Brunner, Ann. Mus, Civ. Genova, xxxiii.

p- 126.

1914, Ceracris versicolor, Kirby, Fauna Brit. India, Acrid. p. 111.

The type-specimen of Walker’s nigricornis is in very poor

condition, having been in spirit, Nevertheless, I do not

hesitate to identify with it the seven specimens (3 ¢ 0,

4 2 3) from Lebong, 5000’, ix. 1908, which agree perfectly

with the type in all characters, apart from the coloration,

which is much bleached in the type. The comparison of

these specimens, as well as of the type with the good

description of Duronia versicolor, Br. Watt., leaves no doubt

as to their identity. As Duronia dejlorata, Br. W., also

belongs to the genus Ceracris, and both deflorata and versi-

color, according to Bolivar, belong to his genus Kuthya*,

we must necessarily treat Kuthya as a mere synonym of

Ceracris. Bolivar has evidently been misied by Walker’s

statement in the diagnosis of this genus, “lateral furrows

triangular,” which seems to indicate that the genus possesses

the fastigial foveole. The study of the type, however,

enables me to state that there is no trace of foveole, and

Walker’s words probably apply to the triangular lateral

surfaces enclosed between the margin of the fastigium, eye,

and ocellum, which are rather impressed in the type, owing

to its preservation in spirit. The careful description of the

genus Kuthya given by Bolivar applies entirely to Ceracris,

aud their identity is beyond any doubt.

* Trab. Mus. Nac. Madrid, Ser. Zool. no. 20, 1914, p. 78.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 33

486 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

12. Ceracris deflorata, Br. Watt.

1893. Duronia deflorata, Br. Watt., Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii. p. 126.

1914. Ceracris deflorata, Kirby, Fauna Br, India, Acrid. p. 112.

1914. Phleoba einctalis, Kirby, /. ce. p. 105. no, 120.

The identity of cinctalis, Kirby, with deflorata, Br. Waitt.,

is hardly in doubt, since the most careful examination of

the type reveals no difference from Brunner’s description.

It is strange that Kirby, who redescribed the genus Ceracris,

Walk., and quite correctly included in it deflorata, Br.

Watt., put his cinctalis in the genus Phleoba, with which it

has very little relationship.

A number of specimens from Pusa and Chapra.

To the same genus Ceracris belong also Kuthya leta, Bol.

(l.c. p. 79), from China, and Parapleurus armillatus, Karny

(Suppl. Entom. iv. 1915, p. 83), from Formosa, the former

being very close to, if not identical with, deflorata, Br. W.

A revision of this genus will be given by me elsewhere.

13. Phleoba angustidorsis, Bol.

Lebong, 5000’, ix. 1908, 1 3,5 2 9.

One specimen has been erroneously named by Kirby

as Ph. panteli, Bol. It is very probable that this species

is identical with Phleoba antennata, Br. Watt., in which

case the latter name must be applied to it.

14. Phleoba infumata, Br. Watt.

Pusa, 7. viii. 1907, 10-26. viii. 1906 ; Cuttuck, xi. 1905.

15. Phleoba panteli, Bol.

Pusa, 23, yin. 19075 1 os 162 190851 =.

The synonymy of this species, given by Kirby in the

‘Fauna,’ is right.

Subfamily Locusrivz.

16. Lerina edipodioides, Bol.

Several specimens without precise locality.

The position of this genus seems to me rather doubtful,

since its distinctly reclinate front and its elytra, hyaline

and sparsely venulated throughout, do not agree with the

characters of Locustinz, and seem to indicate a relationship

with Avolopus.

17. Gastrimargus transversus, Thunbg.

Pusa, 23. ix. 1906.

Descriptions of Indian Acrididee. 487

It seems probable that this species is identical with

marmoratus, Thunbg., and musicus, F., but I abstain from

establishing this synonymy until it is possible to examine

a large series of specimens.

18. Gdaleus senegalensis, Krauss.

1877. Pachytylus senegalensis, Krauss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Mat.-

Nat. Classe, lxxvi. (1), p. 56, pl. i. fig. 9.

1884, Pachytylus mlokozievetzi, Bolivar, Bull. Soc, Ent, Belg. xxviii.

. CV.

1887. a senegalensis, var. C, Saussure, Addit. ad Prodr, Cid.

p. 42. :

- I had the opportunity, while working in the Caucasian

Museum, Tiflis, of studying very extensive series of G¢daleus

mlokozievetzi, Bol., which was described from Transcaucasia;

the species is distributed all over Eastern Transcaucasia,

Persia, and Mesopotamia. The specimens from the latter

locality, which are identical with those from Transcaucasia,

are now before me and their comparison with African speci-

mens of (4. senegalensis, as well as with Indian examples in

the Pusa collection, enables me to establish the above

synonymy. ‘The range of distribution of MH. senegalensis

consequently coincides with the Desert subregion of the

Palearctic region, and partly extends beyond its limits.

19. Gdaleus abruptus, Thunbg.

This is probably one of the commonest grasshoppers in

India, and is represented in the Pusa collection by a large

series*of specimens from different localities. Several speci-

mens are labelled as taken from cultivated plants, so that

the species may be occasionally injurious to crops.

- 20. Heteropternis respondens, Walk.

Pusa, 12. xi. 1904, 1 2 ; Shevaroys, Madras, 26. viii. 1907,

Ld.

It is difficult to understand on what grounds Kirby

included H. partita, Walk., in the Indian fauna (Iauna Br.

India, p. 142), since there is no specimen of this species

in British Museum from Ceylon; the type of partita is from

an unknown locality, and it is conspecific with types of

Epacromia thoracica, Walk., from Sierra Leone.

21. Pternoscirta cinctifemur, Walk.

Khasi Hills, Assam, 1000-3000’, 17. iii. 1907; Shevaroys,

Madras, 4000’, 24. viii. 1907; Nilgiris, Madras, iv. 1904.

33%

488 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

22. Dittopternis venusta, Walk.

Shevaroys, Madras, 4000’, 24. viii. 1907.

23. Trilophidia aspera, Walk.

1870. Epacromia aspera, Walk. Cat. Derm. Salt. iv. p. 775.

1884. Trilophidia annulata, Saussure (nec Thunberg), Prodr. Cidip.

p. 157.

Kirby (Fauna Br. Ind. p. 150) regards this species as

synonymous with cristella, Stal, which is, however, wrong,

since cristella, according to the original description, has the

prozona of the pronotum without lateral tubercules, aud in

aspera these are well-developed.

The specimens in the collection are from Pusa, Chapra,

and Lebong, 5000’.

24, Trilophidia annulata, Thunbg.

To the synonyms of this species given by Kirby (Fauna

Br. Ind. p. 140) must be added also Epacromia turpis,

Walk., and Trilophidia annulata, var. ceylonica, Sauss.; the

full explanation of this synonymy will be given by me in

another paper.

The specimens were taken at Koilpati, Madras.

25. Morphacris fasciata, Thunbg.

1815. Gryllus fasciatus, Thunberg, Mém. Acad. Pétersb. v. p- —

1815. Gryllus sanguineus, Thunberg, l. ce. p. 2381.

1815. Gryllus sulcatus, Thunberg, ire. p. 234,

1839, Gtdipoda strigata, Serville, Ins. Orth. p. 726. no. 7.

1853. Gidipoda venusta, Fieber, Lotos, iii. p. 128. no. 7.

1870. Morphacris adusta, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv. p. 790

(larva).

1888. Cosmorhyssa costata, Saussure, Addit. ad Prodr. Cidip. p. 37.

no. 3.

1910. Morphacris citrina, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. ili. p. 219, no. 4.

After a careful examination of large series of Morphacris

from its whole area of distribution, which includes the

whole of Africa and Southern Asia (with Ceylon), contained

in the British Museum, I am fully convinced that all the

above-quoted “species” are based on variations in the

coloration, especially that of the wings, since the structural

characters given, for instance, by Saussure as peculiar to his

costata, prove to be inconstant when a series of specimens

taken at the same locality are studied. As for the colo-

yauion of the wings, it varies just to the same extent as in

Descriptions of Indian Acrididee. 489

many other Locustine, such as species of Gdipoda, Mio-

scirtus wagneri, Er., etc., among which forms with yellow

wings and those with rose or sanguineous wings occur

together. In the British Museum collections there are

series of Morphacris from Uganda and other African

localities taken at the same place and on the same day,

amongst which not only the two known colour-forms (with

red and with yellow wings) are represented, but an in-

termediate one which has the disc of the hind wings orange,

also occurs. This latter form has not yet been described,

and I propose here to call it ab. aurantiaca, nov., its only

difference from other forms being the orange-red coloration

of the wings; as the type I designate one male from Kaig,

Sudan, 27. 1°. 1904 (C. Singer).

This difference in wing-coloration seems to be influenced

by climatic conditions, and in dry localities the form with

red wings (typical form) prevails, as in South Africa, while

in West Africa, India, and Ceylon it is eutirely replaced by

the yellow-winged form (ab. sulcata, Thunbg.); there are

no records, as yet, of the red-wiftiged form from the latter

localities.

Specimens in the Pusa collection all belong to ab. sulcata,

Thunbg.; they have been taken in Nainpur, Central Pro-

vinces, iii. 1907; and Jalalpur, Surat, Bombay, on sugar-

cane, 28. v. 1904.

26. Locusta migratoria, L.

One specimen without precise locality.

The figure and description of Locusta danica, L., in

Kirby’s book (Fauna Br. Ind. p. 176, fig. 104) undoubtedly

represents L. migratoria, though the danica form is also not

uncommon in India.

27. Acrotylus humbertianus, Sauss.

Pusa, on lentils, 19. ii. 1907; Chapra, Bengal; Keitni,

Central Provinces, ii. 1907; Shevaroys, Madras, 4000’, on

coffee, 24. viii. 1907; Bulsar, Bombay, sand-dunes, 16. v.

1904.

The habitus of this species is rather inconstant, and it is

possible to distinguish two or three forms, which are, how-

ever, connected by intermediate ones ; the speciniens from

Pusa are especially slender. It is possible that examination

of larger series will give grounds for dividing the species

into geographical forms, but my material is not sufficient

for this purpose,

490 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

Pusa, gen. nov.

Head more elongate than in any other genus of Locustine.

Front strongly reclinate ; frontal ridge not reaching the

clypeus, compressed laterally between the antenne. Fasti-

gium of vertex hexagonal, slightly inclined, forming a

rotundate angle with the frontal ridge; foveole not

developed ; upper surface concave, with raised margins.

Eyes strongly protruding sideways, almost hemispherical,

slightly higher than long. Antenne filiform, slightly

thickened in the apical third. Pronotum rounded, narrowed

and not strongly constricted anteriorly; median carina

feeble, interrupted by three deep transverse sulci; meta-

zona about as long as prozona, slightly raised, coriaceous ;

lateral carine undeveloped ; lateral lobes as long as high,

with fore angle obtuse and hind angle near 90°, widely

rounded. Prosternum with anterior margin raised, the

surface convex, gradually sloping backwards. Mesosternum

with fore margin straight ; mesosternal lobes almost twice

as broad as long, with himd inner angles obtuse, rounded ;

interspace transverse, only slightly narrower than the lobes.

Metasternal lobes a little longer than wide, rounded poste-

riorly; interspace longer than wide, more so in male.

Elytra narrow, almost entirely hyaline, except the basal fifth

part, where they are subcoriaceous, though still rather

sparsely venulated; costal area feebly expanded basally,

gradually narrowing apically, and not reaching the apical

third of elytra; scapular area reaching the base of apical

third, coriaceous basally, but entirely hyaline, with very few

transverse veinlets in the apical two-thirds; discoidal area

parallel-sided, hyaline, except near the base, with the trans-

verse veinlets irregular, but not dense, with a well-developed

false vein; interulnar area slightly narrower than discoidal,

irregularly, though not densely, venulated, with cellules

placed in two rows, the false vein being developed, though

irregular and interrupted ; all areas of the apical half of

elytra with well-developed false veins and trausverse vein-

lets forming elongate cellules. Wings hyaline, scarcely

shorter than elytra, rather narrow. Hind femora very

slender, with upper keel almost straight, not denticulate ;

knee-lokes rounded. Hind tibiz quadrangular in transverse

section, feebly incurved and distinctly widened apically,

armed with 8 outer and 10 inner spines, without outer

apical spine; the inner apical spurs are longer than the

outer ones, especially the lower inner, which is twice as

long as the outer spurs, and bears a tuft of whitish hairs

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. ADL

beneath. Hind tarsi long; third joint as long as two basal

joints together, second subequal to one-third of the first ;

claws as long as the second joint, with basal dilatation ;

pulvilli absent. Male supra-anal plate longer than its basal

width, convex, with broad shallow median sulcus in the

basal half and two oblique transverse curved carine,

running from the hind angles to the sides of the median

suleus; cerci slightly longer than supra-anal plate, cylin-

drical in basal half, gradually narrowing apically, with

obtuse, feebly incurved tips ; subgenital plate obtuse, longer

_ than wide. Supra-anal plate of female triangular, longer

than wide, with apex very widely rotundate, almost truncate;

cerci short, compressed, triangular; upper valves of ovi-

positor rather long, strongly recurved; lower valves armed

with very strong, obtuse basal tooth ; subgenital plate very

elongate.

Genotype: Pusa levis, sp. n.

This new genus in its general facies somewhat recalls

Sphingonotus, if seen from above, but in profile it looks very

unlike any other genus of Locustinz, owing to its very

obliquely sloping face. ‘This latter character, as well as the

venation of the elytra, seems to indicate its position amongst

the Acridinz, and not in the Locustine, but the stracture of

the sternum and pronotum agrees better with Locustine. In

fact, the characters of the genus Lerina, Bol., and this new

one make it very difficult to draw a line between these two

subfamilies.

28. Pusa levis, sp. nu.

do. Antenne longer than head and pronotum together.

Face smooth, impunctate ; frontal ridge suleate and parallel

between fastigium and ocellum, with the carine scarcely

perceptible and very strongly divergent below the ocellum,

not reaching the clypeus; fastigium longer than wide, with

its-sides parallel. Pronotum only feebly constricted anteriorly;

metazona almost flat, scarcely raised above the prozona.

Elytra extending well beyond hind kness. Face and body

covered with sparse hairs.

General coloration buff. A pale stripe runs from the face

along the lower part of cheeks, lateral lobes of pronotum, and

pleure ; another blackish stripe runs above the pale one,

gradually fading upwards. Head and pronotum above with

indefinite brownish marmoration. FElytra with radial veins

and rows of feeble spots in scapular and discoidal areas

brown ; a few scarcely perceptible grey spots in cells of the

492 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

apical half. Wings hyaline, veins bluish, except on the

apical part where they are brown. Hind tibize bluish.

3 (type). 2 (paratype).

mm. mm,

Length of body ........ 16 21°5

5 diond! =F aiigergk 3 35

ra pronotum .... 3°25 +

Pe GLYIMA iy wai 165 20°5

i hind femur .. 95 12

4 55 tibia. sss 8 10

The type-specimen is from Pusa, Bengal, 25. vill. 1908;

15 paratypic specimens (2 males and 13 females) are partly ~

from the same locality, partly without any precise data.

The whole series is rather uniform in habitus, size, and

coloration ; the darker-coloured specimens have grey bands

on the hind femora, which are entirely absent in specimens

of lighter general coloration; in the latter the elytra are

often without any spots.

29. Pusa rugulosa, sp. n.

g. Differs from the above-described P. levis by the

following characters: habitus more robust; face and body

more densely hirsute; face rugulose, with numerous, though

not dense, impressed points; front less strongly reclinate ;

pronotum more constricted anteriorly, with metazona convex

and distinctly raised above prozona; elytra. scarcely ex-

tending beyond hind knees ; hind femora thicker ; general

coloration greyish, with but very indistinct pale and dark

lateral stripes, but with better-pronounced grey bands on the

upperside of hind femora ; hind tibiz bluish grey.

S (type). Q (paratype).

mm. mn.

Length of body ........ 155 21°5

3 ORG se canis 3 ; 35

A pronotum .,.. 3 } 3°5

4 elytra. ies 135 18

_ hind femur .. 9 il

ie gj.) Gabe - Fine 75 85

The typical male is from an unknown locality; the para-

typic series consists of 2 ¢ ¢ and 10 2 2, partly from Pusa,

partly without precise data. Though this species is very

closely related to the preceding one, I think myself justified

in regarding them as distinct; the characters given in the

description of rugulosa are constant in the series before me

and quite sufficient for separating the two species. The

coloration of the females of ruguiosa differs from that of

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 493

/evis still more than in males, since none of the females

of rugulosa before me has distinct lateral stripes, which are

quite characteristic for /evis and may be seen in males of

rugulosa as well. The chief distinctions are, however, not in

coloration, but in general habitus, sculpture of face, length

of elytra, and shape of hind femora.

Subfamily Prreomorrurnz.

PreRORTHACRIS, gen. nov.

Body cylindrical. Antenne filiform, rounded, except

joints 3-5, which are distinctly depressed and very feebly

dilated. Head conical, less elongate than in Orthacris, Bol.;

front in profile almost straight, scarcely protruding between

antenne; frontal ridge between antennez compressed, deeply

sulcate, gradually lowered towards ocellum ; below the latter

it is expressed only as a shallow sulcus with scarcely raised,

obtuse margins and does not reach the clypeus ; lateral

facial carine well-developed, divergent downwards, slightly

convex ; fastigium of vertex in profile much shorter than an

eye; its surface forming a straight angle with frontal carina,

convex ; seen from above it is a little longer than broad,

with apex circular, intersected by deep and narrow longi-

tudinal sulcus, and separated from the rest by a semicircular,

not sharply defined, impression ; margins of fastigium between

the eyes subparallel ; the whole of this part of the fastigium

slightly convex, with a scarcely perceptible median carina ;

its level slightly raised above the fore part and slightly lower

than occiput. Eyes almost hemispherical. Pronotum

entirely rounded, narrowed anteriorly, with a few rather

large and low scattered callous tubercles; median carina

feebly developed in metazona only; pronotal disc intersected

by two deep narrow sulci and a faintly indicated anterior

sulcus; metazona shorter than prozona; anterior margin

with a slight excavation in its middle; posterior margin

widely rounded ; lateral lobes longer than high, narrowed

anteriorly. Prosternum armed with a conical tubercle.

Sternum compressed, elongate; its fore margin teebly

convex ; mesosternal lobes distinctly longer than wide,

subtriangular, with the inner margins rounded, meeting

each other near the apices, which are acute, rounded; hind

margins of mesosternal lobes concave ; interspace very

narrow-triangular, with all margins concave. Metasternal

' foveole large, rather closely approximated; metasternal

lobes contiguous. LHlytra fully developed, lancet-shaped,

494 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

gradually narrowed towards apex, which is rather nar-

rowly rounded. Wings fully developed, rather narrow,

with the base coloured. Fore and middle femora thickened.

Hind femora with all the keels rounded, but distinct ; lower

keel straight, upper convex; the lower knee-lobes with a

rounded basal dilatation, with the rest of lower margin

straight; their apical angles about 90°, rounded. Hind

tibiz quadrangular in transverse section, widened towards

apex, with apical spines on both sides. All legs with large

pulvilli. Male anal segment deeply and acutely triangularly

incised in its middle, with two protruding triangular lobes

at the sides of this incision; supra-anal plate about twice as

long as broad, lanceolate, with sides straight and apex

widely rounded. Cerci compressed, not reaching the apex

of anal plate, distinctly incurved- in apical third; seen in

profile dilated basally, with sides beyond this dilatation

parallel, rounded at the apex. Subgenital plate compressed

laterally, with hind margin almost vertical ; it is as long as

the supra-anal plate.

Genotype: Pterorthacris subcallosa, sp. un.

This new genus belongs to the section Orthacres of the

subfamily Pyrgomorphine and is rather closely related to the

wingless Orthacris, being at once recognised by the presence

of wings and numerous other characters indicated in

description.

30. Pterorthacris subcallosa, sp. n.

g. Antenne distinctly longer than head and pronotum

together. Head with a few very low and indistinct callo-

sities behind the eyes. Pronotum impresso-punctate, bearing

on each side two irregular rows of low shining callosities

along the disc ; the inner of these rows consists of three

very feebly developed callous spots, placed at equal intervals

from each other, the hindmost of them just before the typical

sulcus; the outer row corresponds to the lateral carine ; it

begins with two very feeble and small shining spots, the first

of which is placed at the very fore margin; three other

larger and more convex callosities form the rest of the row,

the hind tubercle being placed before the typical sulcus ;

lateral lobes with two small callous spots about the middle

of prozona, the hinder one being placed higher than the

front one, and with two larger callosities, placed one above

and slightly behind the other, between the second and

typical sulcus.

General coloration yellowish green. Antenne dark brown,

black towards apex; base pale beneath; basal joints with

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 495

pale anterior angles ; all joints, except 2-3 apical ones, with

_ narrow pale apical rings. Face pale, the stripe of the same

coloration running through the lower part of the cheeks and

lower third of lateral pronotal lobes, where this stripe is

shining and smooth, while the rest of the lobes is impresso-

punctate. Sides of fastigium blackish green ; an indefinite

stripe of the same colour, but of lighter shade, running from

behind the eyes, above the lower. pale stripe—it is darker

near the eyes and gradually fades posteriorly, so that on the

pronotal lobes it merges into the ground-colour. Elytra

green, subcoriaceous in basal third and hyaline, with greenish

veins apically. Wings with their bases rose. Hind tibiz

reddish, except a pale stripe along the lower part of externo-

median area and pale inner lower carina; inner knee-lobes

entirely black, the outer ones with only the lower parts

black. Hind tibiz greyish green, paler towards apex, with

a black spot at the base beneath, and with black apices.

Abdomen dirty yellow, with sparse hairs, forming a denser

tuft at the base of subgenital plate.

mm.

Length of body ........ 28

“ Heads hs 5 1s 'ave 4:5

fe pronotum 6

e OEyGre tere 21:5

- WINERY es 2 Litas 19°5

s hindfemur .. 13

The type of this species is unique ; it is labelled Pusa,

Bihar, 1907, and bears Kirby’s label “ Pyrgomorpha conica,

Oliv.”

Subfamily Carawrorrvz.

31. Oxya turanica, Uvar.

The collection contains several unlabelled specimens of

this species, which was described by me from Transcaspia *.

32. Spathosternum prasiniferum, Walk.

To the already-known synonyms of this species must be

added :—

1871. Stenobothrus simplex, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M, y., Suppl.

82.

Pp:

1871. Stenobothrus rectus, Walker, J. c. p. 83.

1914. Gymnobothrus (?) simplex, Kirby, Fauna Br. Ind., Acrid. p. 114.

no. 182.

* Hor Soc. Entom, Ross. xl. no. 3, 1912, p. 28, pl. i. figs. 4, 5.

496 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

This species is represented in the Pusa collection by a

very large series of specimens from different localities ;

it is rather variable in coloration, but the morphological

characters are fairly constant.

TAPINOPHYMA, gen. nov.

Size medium for the subfamily. General form sub-

cylindrical. Antenne rather short, flattened dorso-ventrally,

feebly dilated in the middle part. Head obtusely conical,

shorter than pronotum ; frontal ridge in profile distinctly

convex, thick, flat, but with the median part distinctly

depressed and very densely ‘punctured, while its lateral

margins are perfectly smooth, slightly raised, rather broad

and very obtuse, scarcely diverging downwards ; lateral

facial carine irregular, strongly convex, smooth, while the

whole face is strongly and densely punctured. Fastigium

of vertex very short and very obtuse; its upper surface

convex, very feebly marginated anteriorly, impresso-punctate,

with thick but low middle carina, gradually disappearing

about the middle of occiput: margins of fastigium very

thick, obtuse, and perfectly smooth. Eyes egg-shaped,

strongly narrowed towards apex, which is almost acute; fore

margin almost straight, very oblique, upper (hind) margin

convex. Pronotum subcylindrical ; dise slightly convex,

rugulose, with irregular longitudinal carinule in apical and

basal parts ; three transverse furrows, of which the first is

as (distant from the fore margin as the third is from the

hind margin, while the distance between them is shorter ;

and the second furrow is placed twice as near to the first as

it is to the third. Median keel of pronotnm distinctly

raised, rather thick, smooth, straight in profile; lateral keels

low, but thick, shining, straight, feebly diverging backwards.

Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly convex, very strongly and

rugosely punctured, longer than wide. Prosternal tubercle

not unlike that of Platyphyma, strongly bent backwards, its

lower surface very broad, concave, trapezoidal, with lateral

margins raised and hind margin feebly excavated, lying on

mesosternum. Pectus elongate, impresso-punctate; meso-

sternal lobes about as broad as long, with inner margins

angulato-convex, touching each other in the middle, with

hind angles obtuse, rotundate; metasternal lobes longer

than wide, contiguous throughout along a straight line.

Elytra not reaching the apex of abdomen. Wings developed.

Fore femora rounded; middle femora laterally compressed,

carinated, widened towards the apex ; hind femora long and

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 497

strong, with long filiform part; their knee-lobes short,

rounded. Hind tibiz strong, carinated throughout beneath,

while the upper margins are entirely rounded ; armed with

15 spines inwardly and 11 larger spines outwardly, including

the apical spines, which are present on both sides. All tarsi

with large pulvilh. Supra-anal plate of female very narrow

and elongate, lanceolate ; cerci short, somewhat compressed

laterally; subgenital plate long; valvze of ovipositor elongate,

upper ones sinuate, the lower armed with basal tooth.

Genotype: Tapinophyma pulvinata, sp. n.

33. Tapinophyma pulvinata, sp. n.

?. Antenne scarcely reaching the middle of pronotum.

Face rugosely punctate, except frontal and facial carine;

cheeks punctate in lower part and smooth, with irregular

rows of fine impressed points elsewhere. Vertex and

occiput transversely rugulose. Pronotum and pleure rugu-

lose.

General coloration very much recalling that of the Pale-

arctic Chortippus pulvinatus, F. W.; yellowish grey, with a

pale callous stripe in the scapular area, with fawn-coloured

radial veins. Hind femora and tibiz unicolorous, the latter

slightly bluish and rather densely haired.

mm.

Length of body ........ 41

” antennze ; 75

S BGARn nas ois 55

» pronotum .... 7

45 CL VERR. /sciers « 25

As hindfemur ., 21

- tabla: fi 28

The type is without precise locality-label; one paratypic

female is from Pusa, 4.iv. 1906, on oats.

PakACONOPHYMA, gen. nov.

In habitus very lke the Central-Asiatic Alpine genus

Conophyma, Zub., and undoubtedly related to it.

Antenne filiform, of medium length. Head short, rather

thick, with eyes large, prominent laterally. Front very

oblique in male, less so in female; frontal ridge raised,

gradually lowered towards clypeus, more or less impressed,

with raised lateral carine, feebly divergent downwards.

Fastigium of vertex reclinate, strongly sulcate, and elongate,

with the lateral carinze extending behind the eyes, sloping

towards the frontal ridge, with apex (seen in profile) widely

498 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

rounded ; temporal foveolz developed, about as long as

broad, more or less distinctly margined. Pronotum rather

thick, rugulose ; median keel thick, but low, interrupted by

at least one (the hind) transverse sulcus; prozona more than

twice as long as metazona, the latter emarginate behind ;

lateral keels very obtuse, reaching at least the first sulcus,

but in some species extending to the third sulcus ; lateral

lobes more or less polished in prozona, except the margins

which are rugulose, and always rugulose in metazona; they

are scarcely longer than high, rounded, with lower margin *

sinuate. Prosternum armed with a short conical tubercle.

Mesosternal lobes and their interspace quadrate in male,

transverse in female. Metasternal lobes separated in both

sexes, more widely in female. Meso- and metanotum about

as thick as pronotum and distinctly thicker than abdominal

segments; the whole abdomen more or less rugulose, with

a low median carina running throughout. LElytra lateral,

lanceolate, reaching the first abdominal segment. All

femora short, thickened. Hind tibie rounded, gradually

thickened apically ; armed with 9 outer and 9 inner spines,

including the apical ones; spurs of tibiz unequal in length,

the inner pair being distinctly longer than the outer one.

d. Anal segment emarginate behind, with a pair of more

or less prominent teeth. Supra-anal plate trapezoidal, with

a median apical tooth, with lateral angles protruding or

rounded ; sulcate basally. Cerci feebly compressed, longer

than supra-anal plate, strongly narrowed posteriorly and

very acutely pointed. Subgenital plate small, vertical,

rounded.

?. Anal segment with a median emargination, but with-

out teeth. Supra-anal plate obtusely triangular, longer

than its basal width, distinctly divided into two parts by a

transverse sulcus ; surface more or less rugulose. V4lve of

ovipositor moderately long; the upper pair shorter than the

lower, which is dentate basally.

Genotype: Paraconophyma polita, sp. n.

. he nearest relative of this new genus is Conophyma, Zub.,

from which it differs by the presence of rudimentary elytra,

larger eyes, narrower fastigium, the presence of fastigial

foveole, less dilated pectus, etc.

The Pusa collection contains three very distinct species of

this genus, one of which is identical with Walker’s Caloptenus

scaber ; Caloptenus nepalensis, Walk., also belongs to Para-

conophyma, and neither of these species has anything to do

with the genus Mesambria, Stal, in which Kirby included

them (Syn. Cat. Orth. iii. p. 440; Fauna Brit. Ind., Acrid.

p- 220).

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 499

Key to Species of the Genus Paraconophyma, Uvar.

1 (6), Median keel of pronotum interrupted by one

hind suleus only. Lateral keels straight,

gradually diverging backwards, extending

beyond the first sulcus. Hind femora

without dark transverse bands.

2 (5). Lateral keels of pronotum smooth, reaching

third sulcus. Disc of pronotum (except of

metazona, which is more closely and deeply

rugose than the rest of the disc), pleure,

mesonotum, metanotum, and tergites of

abdomen covered with large, but sha low

impressions. Pronotum with hind emar-

gination widelyrounded. Elytra uniformly

ruculose throughout. Hind femora uni-

colorous,

5 (4). Hind femora not denticulate along the upper

carina. Lateral lobes of pronotum shining

throughout, with but sparse impressed

points, which in metazona are more

numerous, but minute; whole surface of

the lobes black, except a broad yellow

border along the lower margin. LElytra

not reaching the first abdominal segment.

(Supra-anal plate of male with the lateral

angles acutely attenuate. Hind tibie

olive- SRECOHL Naisiears duc lat ye iene wa oer . polita, sp. n.

4 (8). Hind femora with upper carina denticulate.

Lateral lobes of pronotum polished only in

the middle part, the rest being more or less

rugulose, especially the metazona ;_ their

whole surface is pale, with a black oblique

spot in the middle, which does not extend

on to the metazona. Elytra extending

beyond the base of the first abdominal

BG RELIEVE heed etenat cl aleceiige Wises) of wibssiieipts (a a ar setts nepulensis, Walk.

5 (2). Lateral keels of pronotum more " teebly

developed, as coarsely punctate as the

whole pronotum, not reaching the third

sulcus. Dise of pronotum, pleuree, meso-

notum, metanotum, and abdominal tergites

very coarsely and deeply rugulose through-

out. Pronotum with hind emargination

obtusely angulate. Elytra with upper

half rugulose, while their lower part is

perfectly polished, with but scarcely

distinct impressions. Hind femora with

longitudinal dark band. (Lateral lobes

of pronotum with large deep punc-

turation, which is less close in the middle

part; pale, with an oblique black patch, not

extending on to metazona. Hind tibiz

pale reddish. Supra-anal plate of male

with hind angles obtuse, not prominent.).. punctata, sp. n.

6 (1). Median keel of pronotum interruped by two

oreven three sulci. Lateral keels developed

500 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

before the first sulcus only and distinctly

convergent behind; sometimes they are

also perceptible in the hind part of pro-

notum as well, where they are strongly

divergent. Puncturation of pronotal disc,

pleurze, mesonotum, metanotum, and abdo-

minal tergites very coarse and strong,

(Elytra with upper part rugulose and

lower polished. Hind tibiz muddy green,

with a pale sub-basal ring. Supra-anal

plate of male with hind angle straight,

BHAI.) Ge eels pM 55.0 0s See en scabra, Walk.

34, Paraconophyma polita, sp. n.*

g. General coloration brownish. Face of lighter shade,

but darkened towards fastigium. Head laterally with two

broad shining black postocular bands, prolonged across the

lateral lobes of pronotum. Occiput with a triangular,

posteriorly widened, castaneous stripe along the middle,

running across the pronotal disc, constricted near the first

sulcus and dilated behind ; this stripe is bordered laterally

with two buff stripes, convex on the pronotum. Lateral

lobes of pronotum with lower margin yellow-bordered.

Pleure black, with an oblique stripe on metapleurz and a

rounded spot on the lower angle of mesopleure yellow.

Meso- and metanotum brownish with sides black ; abdomen

with median keel buff, with a black median stripe, included

between two buff stripes, with polished black lateral fasciz.

Elytra reddish brown, with the lower margin darkened.

Pectus and abdomen beneath olive-green. Hind femora of

the same colour, brownish on the upperside; knees with

dark semilunar spots. Hind tibiz olive-green.

9? (paratype). Of the same general coloration as male,

but all colours more dull and not so distinct; the median

abdominal dark fascia is especially feebly developed.

3 (type). 2 (paratype).

mm. mm.

Length of body........ 13 19

“ antenne...... 6:5 i

4 pronotum .... 3 4:5

1 CLV UER 5b alas, s 2°5 35

hind femur .. 8 if

”

This species is represented in the Pusa collection by 3 ¢ 3

and 3 2? 92, from an unknown locality in India.

The morphological characters of the whole series are

uniform, while the coloration varies slightly, the above-

described male and female representing the extreme forms.

* In the description of this species, and of others of the same genus,

I do not repeat the characters already given in the key or those common

to all the species, which are included in the description of the genus.

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 501

85. Paraconophyma nepalensis, Walk.

This species may be easily recognized by the aid of the

foregoing key, together with the description of its coloration

given by Kirby and Walker, and I do not think it necessary

to give a new description of it, especially as the type is

unique and very bleached. Its dimensions are as follows:—

2 (type)

Length of body ........ 20

* pronotum .... 55

> Ch hae 4

eind}femar;,,4, 12

36. Paraconophyma punctata, sp. n.

&d. Brownish black. Head with postocular fascie run-

ning across the lateral lobes of pronotum, but interspersed

with brown and not sharply defined. Occiput black, with

indistinct pale brown lateral fasciz, prolonged on to pronotal

disc, but very feebly defined. The median fascia of pro-

notum blackish brown, indefinite. Lateral lobes pale beneath.

Pleure yellow, with hind part of mesopleure brownish.

Meso- and metanotum blackish, with reddish-yellow in-

definite marmoration. Abdomen with the median carina

fawn, included in a reddish-yellow fascia, interspersed with

black ; lateral fascize black. Elytra fawn in upper part and

black below. Pectus and abdomen beneath olive-yellow.

Hind femora with an irregular longitudinal black fascia

along the middle of the externo-median area ; inner side

with an irregular brownish-black stripe along the apical half

of the upper carina; knees brown, with lobes pale. Hind

tibiz reddish yellow, with brownish bases.

2 (paratype). Of.the same type of coloration asthe male,

but all fascize on the upperside stil! more indefinite.

d (type). 2 (paratype).

mm. mim,

Length of body ........ 16 20

ac antenna .... 6 iG

“ pronotum .... 3°5 5

Ap elytra ...... 3 4

- hind femur .. 9 12

Described from one male and two females in the Pusa

collection, without locality. *

37. Paraconophyma scabra, Walk.

Walker’s type (2) is rather discoloured, but the descrip-

tion of Walker and Kirby, together with the characters

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 34

502 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

given in the key, is quite sufficient to distinguish this

morphologically very distinct species. In the series from

Pusa collection, which includes one male and four females,

the coloration is slightly variable ; two females are almost

unicolorous on the upperside, while all other specimens

present faintly developed longitudinal fasciz on the occiput

and pronotum, as described for P. polita, Uv., but not ex-

tending on to the abdomen, where the lateral black fasciz

are also scarcely developed. Hind femora in lighter-

coloured specimens bear in the externo-median area two

indefinite transverse fasciz, while in darker specimens they

are almost entirely clouded with two round pale spots along

the lower margin; upperside with two or three dark

transverse fascie ; inner surface olive-yellow, more or less

clouded with blackish. Hind tibie muddy green, with a

lighter-coloured subbasal ring.

d- 2 (type).

mm, mm,

Length of body ........ 16 22°5

a antenne .... 7 (broken)

i pronotum .... 3°75 45

A elytra... 1. 3°25 4

a hind femur .. 9 12

38. Coptacra ensifera, Bol.

Bombay Prov., Belgaum, 2500/, 12. viii. 1910.

Described from Madura, Madras, but’evidently distributed

all over India. eer.

Lebong, 5000’, ix. 1908, 1 ¢.

The genus Apalacris, Walk., is closely related to Coptacra,

St., but differs from it in the following ‘characters: Antenne

(at least in male, which sex alone is known) very long, only

very feebly flattened, but not at all dilated basally, the third

joint being narrower than the second; the whole vertex

(not fastigium only) distinctly sloping ; elytra obliquely

rotundate, but not truncate apically ; male supra-anal plate

acutely triangular, much longer than broad, with sides

straight, apex rounded, surface flat; male cerci conical,

straight, shorter than supra-anal plate; male subgenital

plate vertical, short. :

The type-specimen of A. varicornis, Walk., is almost en-

tirely discoloured ; a fresh male before me, quite identical

with the type in all morphological characters, is coloured as

follows :—-

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 503

General coloration brownish olive-green. Antennz black,

brownish basally. Face reddish brown. Pronotal disc

blackish. Elytra brownish, except the basal part, which

is olivaceous; fore and hind margins with irregular and

scarcely distinct small darker marginal spots. Wings in-

fumate apically, with veins brownish. Hind femora yellow

externally, with base and two transverse fasciz shining

black ; lower outer sulcus black, with yellow preapical ring ;

inner side red with a black preapical ring, followed by

yellow one; upperside yellow, with base, two fascie, and

spinules along the upper carina black ; knees brown, reddish

beneath. Hind tibie red, with tips of spines black.

40. Hucoptacra saturata, Walk.

Chundwara, Centr. Prov., iii. 1907, 1¢,19.

There is no doubt that saturata, Walk., is conspecific with

strigifer, Walk., but I am not sure whether obliterans, Walk.

(=sinensis, Walk.), belongs to the same species, since the

shape of the male supra-anal plate is not quite identical in

the type-specimens ; I think, therefore, that the synonymy

suggested by I. Bolivar (/. c. p. 404) cannot be accepted with-

out further study of the genus, with an examination of all

types of Stal and Walker, as well as of large series of fresh

specimens, which are not at my disposal at present.

41, Eucoptacra binghamt, sp. u.

3. Distinctly larger than E. saturata, Walk. Antenne

half as long again as head and pronotum, feebly flattened

and dilated beyond the middle, attenuate apically. Head

rugulose; frontal ridge flat, impresso-punctate, gradually

narrowing towards clypeus, not reaching the latter, between

antennze three times as broad as vertex between eyes.

Fastigium of vertex convex, strongly punctate, with sides

convex, without distinct foveolz, between eyes sulcate and

bicarinate. Pronotum compressed laterally, rugulose, ob-

tusely tectiform ; median carina low, smooth, intersected by

three sulci; metazona about as long as prozona, acutely

angulate behind ; lateral lobes with lower margin strongly

sinuate ; fore angle of lobes about 90°, not rounded. Elytra

extending behind the knees, subparallel, obliquely truncate

apically, with an oblique, narrow, callous fascia, formed by

irregular venules, about the middle; this fascia divides the

elytron into two parts, the basal part being more densely

and irregularly venulated than the apical, the cells of which

are all uniform, elongate. Hind femora serrulate along the

34*

504 Mr. B. P. Uvarov—Records and

upper keel. Anal segment with two sharp and long dents,

which have the inner side circularly emarginate and the outer

one straight, perpendicular to the outer part of the hind

margin of the anal segment. Supra-anal plate, if measured

without hind projection, as long as broad ; feebly concave,

with a slight basal suleus; its sides parallel from base to the

middle, widely rounded beyond the middle, forming very

obtuse angles with the apical projection ; the latter longer

than broad, concave, with margins subparallel and apex

rotundato-angulate. Cerci compressed, excavate interiorly,

strongly punctate exteriorly, with apices still more com-

pressed, acutely attenuate, decurved. Subgenital plate very

short, almost truncate apically, with a tuft of hairs on the

upperside.

General coloration brown. Antenne reddish brown. Pro-

notum very dark brown, except the hind third part of the

lateral lobes, which is pale. Elytra infumate, with numerous

irregular oblique brownish fasciz; the above-described

narrow Callous fascia in the middle of the elytra is whitish.

Wings feebly infumate, darkened apically. Pleurz blackish.

Hind femora with the externo-median area pale, with an

indefinite dark stripe along the middle, not extending beyond

the basal half, with scattered grey points in oblique ridges,

darkened apically; upper external area reddish, with three

grey transverse fasciz, which (except the basal one) are

prolonged on to upper internal area; on the latter there is

also a preapical fascia; lower exterior area black, reddish

apically ; inner sidered; knees reddish, with lobes yellowish.

Hind tibiz red.

The paratypic females differ from the male in their larger

size, comparatively shorter antennz, unicolorous pronotal

lobes, darker-coloured elytra, with the dark fasciz less pro-

nounced and the narrow callous fascia more so ; hind tibiz

with an indistinct longitudinal stripe on the outside.

3 (type). 2 (paratype).

mm, mm.

Length of body ........ 22°5 50

fy antenne .... 12 14

y pronotum.... Si) TD

45 Clyita is).0. >< 22 29

sy, hindfemur .. 15 19

Described from a male and two females taken by Col. C. T.

Bingham in Burma; one of the females is from Rangoon,

28. v.1908, and the two other specimens are without more

precise indication of locality. The Pusa collection contains

one male, without locality.

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 505

Hycracris, gen. nov.

Slightly recalls in habitus the genus Catantops. Antenne

filiform. Front very oblique in male, less so in female ;

frontal ridge subparallel, with margins obtuse; fastigium of

vertex sloping towards the frontal ridge; impressed from

above, widened anteriorly, obtusely marginated, side-margins

very thick, obtuse. Distance between the eyes a little

broader than the width of the frontal ridge between the

antenne: eyes oblique, oval. Pronotum almost conical,

especially in female; without lateral keels, but its disc some-

what flattened (more so on metazona) ; median keel feeble,

in male almost undeveloped on prozona and perceptible on

metazona only, interrupted by three feeble transverse sulci ;

metazona much shorter than prozona, obtusely angulate

behind ; lateral lobes longer than high, narrowed anteriorly,

with the lower margin obtusely angulate in the middle, fore

margin oblique, straight, forming a very obtuse, rounded

angle with the lower margin, hind margin excavate near the

straight hind angle, oblique and straight from there upwards.

Prosternal tubercle hairy, large, in the apical half thickened

and bent backwards, with obtusely conical apex; hind part of

prosternum adjacent to mesosternum inflated in the middle,

in shape of an obtuse tubercle directed forwards, touching

the apex of prosternal tubercle. Mesosternum also slightly

projecting forwards ; its lobes subtransverse, with the ner

margins rounded, divergent; hind angles obtuse, rounded ;

interspace rather broad. Metasternal lobes contiguous in

male aud separated in female. Elytra developed, strengly

narrowed towards the apex, coriaceous in the basal half and

subhyaline apically ; veins straight. Wings developed,

narrow. Fore and middle tibiz somewhat thickened.

Hind femora rather long, moderately thickened basally,

gradually narrowed apically; outer carine obtuse, the

upper one entirely undeveloped in basal half; upper margin

not dentate ; knees armed with five sharp spines: one upper,

two lateral ones, and two on the lower lobes, the latter

being especially strong and sharp. Hind tibiz rounded in

the basal third, but very strongly dilated and flattened on

the upperside towards the apex, outer margin much lami-

nated between the spines, which are themselves compressed

laterally ; inner margin with a fringe of dense hairs between

the spines; seven outer spines and ten inner ones ; no outer

apical spine; inner pair of spurs much larger than the

outer pair. [first joint of hind tarsi much flattened, second

506 Mr. B. P. Uvarov— Records and

small, third long, thickened apically. Pulvilli of all tarsi

large, rounded.

3g. Anal segment widely and deeply emarginated pos-

teriorly. Supra-anal plate longer than broad, oval; basal

half excavate, smooth, sharply separated from the apical

half, which is slightly raised, very finely transversely strio-

late ; a rather deep median sulcus, not reaching the apex ;

the latter obtuse. Cerci cylindrical, straight, longer than

the supra-anal plate; apex bituberculate, the inner tubercle

being thick and conical, and the outer much thinner, slightly

longer, cylindrical, feebly bent outwardly. Subgenital plate

hairy, horizontal, bottle-shaped, with the apex obtuse.

Last three sternites with a tuft of hairs.

?. Supra-anal plate triangular, with the apex obtuse ;

divided into two parts by a transverse postmedian sulcus ;

with a shallow longitudinal sulcus. Cerci cylindrical,

slightly curved outwardly. Subgenital plate with the apex

triangular, armed with two teeth, rotundately emarginate

between them. Valves of ovipositor long, almost straight,

sharply and minutely serrate.

Genotype: Hygracris palustris, sp. n.

42. Hygracris palustris, sp. 0.

g. Face smooth, with a few impressed points; frontal

ridge subparallel-sided, sulcate, almost reaching the clypeus,

with margins thick, obtuse. Occiput smooth, though not

shining, with two irregular lateral impressions. Disc of

pronotum impresso-punctate, more densely so on metazona ;

lateral lobes on metazona densely punctate throughout, on

prozona in lower part only, while the upper part is polished.

Pleurz rugulose.

General coloration brownish olivaceous. Elytra and

wings orange-reddish anteriorly. Hind femora with three

indistinct dark fasciz and dark knees ; knee-lobes paler.

Hind tibiz blackish green with yellowish subbasal ring.

Paratypic female lighter-coloured than the male, with

wings slightly bluish.

3 (type). 2 (paratype).

mn. mm.

Length of body ........ 32 39

e pronotum .... 8 10°5

fe elytra. |. ass 28 P (broken) 32 P (broken)

- hind femur .. 21 26

55 7 mle. 7 | aD 24

The type is from Pusa, Bengal, “taken in damp soil,”

Descriptions of Indian Acridide. 507

1.i11.1905; another male is from Waini, Durbhanga,

Bengal, 11.iii. 1905 ; three females without locality.

This is a very striking insect, which may be easily recog-

nised by the numerous peculiar characters given above. The

structure of the hind legs leaves no doubt that it can and

does swim; the shape of the ovipositor, which is of the same

type as in Chrysochraon or Oxya, suggests that Hygracris

palustris laysits eggs in the stems of some plant, as Chryso-

chraon does. Biological observations on this insect should

be very interesting.

EvurREPONQTUS, gen. nov.

A member of the group Euprepocnemini, related to the

genus Belonocnemis, Bol., though very distinct from it.

¢. Antenne long, somewhat flattened and dilated in the

middle, but very feebly. Face feebly reclinate. Lateral

ocelli close to eyes, but distant from margins of fastigium

and from base of antenne. Vertex feebly reclinate, fasti-

gium prominent anteriorly, hexagonal, distinctly concave,

the margins raised, smooth, cheeks below eyes with obtuse

shining vertical keels. Pronotum almost cylindrical, feebly

compressed laterally ; its disc slightly convex, more so on

prozona; median keel low, obtuse, interrupted by three

deep transverse sulci; lateral keels on prozona very obtuse,

smooth, deeply cut by three sulci, on metazona undeveloped

altogether; metazona distinctly shorter than prozona, very

obtusely rounded behind ; lateral lobes transversely convex,

very deeply cut by transverse sulci, the first of which runs

obliquely towards the fore margin, while the second and

third are almost straight and vertical, connected with each

other by an oblique longitudinal sulcus just below the

middle; a sublateral longitudinal keel, obtuse and shining,

is to be seen between the two hind sulci. Prosternal spine

cylindrical, slightly inclined backwards, with the apex

obtuse. Mesosternal lobes about as long as broad, with

inner and hind margins straight; interspace distinctly

narrower than one of the lobes, slightly broadened behind.

Metasternal lobes not separated. LElytra and wings fully

developed. Hind femora distinctly incrassate basally, with

apical part attenuate; upper carina serrulate. Hind tibie

with ten spines on both sides, without an outer apical spine ;

spurs subequal in length to each other. Hind tarsi almost

as long as half the tibia; second joint subequal to one-

third of the first joint, distinctly longer than broad. Pulvilli

large, rounded. Abdomen cylindrical, with the two apical

segments strongly inflated. Cerci large, foliaceous, widely

508 Records and Descriptions of Indian Acridide.

rounded, bent downwards apically. Last abdominal tergite

very large. Subgenital plate transverse, very obtuse.

Genotype: Hupreponotus inflatus, sp. n.

43. Hupreponotus inflatus, sp. 0.

Antenne distinctly longer than head and pronotum to-

gether. Frontal ridge subparallel-sided, narrowed near

fastigium and feebly constricted below ocellum; slightly

excavated below ocellum; coarsely impresso-punctate

throughout ; its margins raised, shining, obtuse. Facial

keels raised, smooth, almost straight. Subocellar keels

obtuse, low, smooth, with a féw very feeble impressions.

Pronotum not punctured, but opaque on its whole surface

except along the lateral keels and shoulders of metazona,

which are rugosely impresso-punctate. Lateral lobes slightly

higher than long, opaque; their lower margin with a widely

rounded coxal angle, oblique and feebly concave before it ;

fore angle obtuse, rounded ; hind angle a little more than

90°, rounded. Elytra extending beyond the hind knees,

rather narrow, not densely venulated.

General coloration fawn, with dull black and pale mark-

ings. Hace velvety olive-brown, with keels and frontal

ridge shining; cheeks fawn, shining, with darker clouding ;

vertex and occiput fawn, with a velvety-black longitudinal

fascia, prolonged on to the pronotum, where it is included

between two half as broad light fawn stripes ; median carina

of pronotum fawn, shining; lateral lobes velvety fawn with

a stripe along the upper margin, between the lateral and

sublateral keels, all sulci and a narrow stripe along the hind

margin, black ; all margins of pronotum pale, shining.

Elytra hyaline, with veins brown; anal field blackish brown ;

base of mediastinal and discoidal areas, as well as a longi-

tudinal stripe along the axillar vein, yellowish. Hind

femora fawn, with three irregular black fasciz (not reaching

the lower margin) in the externo-median area; upperside

almost unicolorous ; inside yellowish, with a reddish shade

in the basal half, an indefinite spot at the middle of the

upper carina, and a postmedian transverse fascia black ;

the latter fascia extending on to the lower surface of the

femora; knees with semilunar black spots and light lobes.

Hind tibiz red. Hind tarsi brownish red.

mun.

Length of body ........ 28°5

pronotum .... 6

3 ely tr 4 .<e f 265

5s hind femur ., 18

On Acarapis woodi, Rennie. 509

The type is unique, and the exact place of capture is

unknown.

This insect is easily separated from all other members of

the Euprepocnemini by the extremely peculiar shape of the

last abdominal segments (recalling somewhat the genus

Prumna, Motch., of the Podismini) and of the cerci. The

type of its coloration, and especially the deep velvety colora-

tion of the head and pronotum, is also very striking, and

should make the insect easily recognisable.

LIX.—On the Mite (Acarapis woodi, Rennie) associated with

Isle of Wight Bee Disease. By STANLEY Hixsr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE discovery of the constant presence of a mite in bees

suffering from Isle of Wight disease is of considerable

interest. The first scientific account of the mite and its

relations with the disease has been published by the discoverers

(Dr. Rennie, P. B. White, and Miss Elsie J. Harvie) *.

The present note deals with the affinities of the mite, and

gives a detailed account of its external structure. My best

thanks are due to the Rev. G. H. Hewison and Mr. W.

Herrod-Hempsall for giving me bees infected with Acarap/s

wood.

Genus ACARAPIS, Hirst, 1921.

Acarapis, Hirst, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1921, p. 357.

Closely allied to Tarsonemus, but differing as follows :—

Second and third legs of larval stage very short (almost

rudimentary) and without either claws or pulvillus (whereas

in the larva of Tarsonemus these legs are about as long as

the first and provided with paired claws and a pulvillus).

Female lacking the club-shaped pseudostigmata that are

present in Tarsonemus, and with the fourth leg shorter and

wider and provided with more numerous hairs (in this last

respect somewhat resembling the fourth leg of Scutacarus).

* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, li. part 4, March 1921, pp. 737-779,

3 pls. '

510 Mr. S. Hirst on the Mite associated with

Acarapis woodi, Rennie, 1921.

Tarsonemus woodi, Rennie, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, lii. 1921,

pp. 768-779, 2 text-tigs., 1 pl.

? .—Body oval, being longer than wide. Segmentation

not very distinct ; one of the transverse lines is much more

distinct than the others and divides the body into a cephalo-

thoracic and an abdominal division. Specimens mounted in

fluids and examined with a 7), oil-immersion are seen to have

five weak dorsal tergites, separated from one another by

transverse lines and also by minute longitudinal striations.

At the posterior end there is a minute, almost annular pro-

jection, possibly representing an additional segment. Stig-

mata minute, but distinct, being paired; one is placed on

each side of the neck-like elongation of the anterior end of

the body.

Venter.—Sternal epimeron Y-shaped. Posterior epimera

much weaker than those of the anterior pairs of legs. There

is a minute Y-shaped chitinous structure midway between

the legs of the third pair. In the middle line between the

last pair of legs there is a slight projecting lobe divided into

two by a minute indentation’in the middle.

Chetotary of Body.—Sixteen hairs are present on the

dorsum, all of them being long, except the last pair, which

are shorter. On the cephalothorax (first tergite) there are

two pairs, one placed behind the other. Second tergite (first

of abdomen) with four hairs, third with a pair, fourth with

four, the small posterior tergite with a pair. There is a hair

on each of the anterior forks of the sternal epimeron, and

another pair placed in front of the dividing-line between

cephalothorax and abdomen; also two pairs of shorter

hairs on the abdomen between the legs.

Legs.—First leg with only one claw and with a well-

developed pulvillus, almost circular in shape; second and

third legs with a pair of strong claws, with a pulvillus in

between them ; fourth leg much shorter than the others, and

without either claw or pulvillus, and furnished with long

hairs.

Chetotaxy of Legs.—There are a number of hairs on the

legs, including some very long and fine dorsal hairs. Besides

these ordinary hairs, there are a number of modified hairs.

Tarsus of first leg dorsally with a rather large striated

“olfactory ” hair, which is sharply pointed at the distal end,

and also another much shorter one laterally. A large

Isle of Wight Bee Disease. 511

“ olfactory ” hair is also present on the second tarsus. There

Fig. 1.

Acarapis woodt, 2, dorsal view.

are also two pairs of rather long, curved, slender sensory

519 Mr. 8. Hirst on the Adite associated with

hairs, with their end blunt, as if broken off, placed dorsally

near the end of the first tarsus. Fourth leg with five hairs ;

three of them, of varying length, arise some distance from the

distal end, the other two are placed at the extreme end of

the tarsus, one of them being very long and fine, the other

fairly long.

Tracheal tubes distributed as shown in fig. 5.

3 .—Dorsum consisting of only three distinct divisions or

tergites, the first (cephalothoracie) being large, the second

(first abdominal) still larger, the posterior one quite small and

oval in shape. There is also the curious little caudal struc-

ture present as well in the males of Tarsonemus.

Chetotaxy of Dorsum.—There are in all twelve hairs on

the dorsal surface—viz., two pairs on the first tergite, one

placed behind the other, an anterior row of four and a poste-

rior pair on the second tergite, and a pair of shorter hairs on

the small posterior tergite.

Palp.—Slender, apparently unsegmented, and of small

size, but fairly elongated ; two minute hairs are present on it.

Chelicere.—Long and styliform, as in the female aud

larva.

Legs.—With the exception of the last one, the legs are

very like those of the female. Fourth leg somewhat shorter

than the others, and without claws or pulvillus; it is divided

into three free segments, the basal one being the stoutest and

bearing a single hair; the second segment with two ventral

and one rather long fine dorsal hair; tarsus ending in a

short blunt spine and a very long fine hair.

Nymphal Stage.—There is no free nymphal stage, but if

the larval skin containing a fully developed adult of either

sex is carefully examined, an inner delicate chitinous membrane

(without any trace of limbs) enveloping the mite can be

found, and perhaps it represents the nymphal stage.

Larval Stage differing considerably in size and general

appearance according to the degree of development. It is

elongated and usually egg-shaped or sac-shaped.

Dorsum with bands of transverse striations alternating

with plain unstriated areas; the latter are possibly weak

tergites, and bear very short hairs—one pair on the first

area, two pairs on the second, one pair on the third, two

pairs on the fourth; the first (cephalothoracic) tergite appears

divided in two wlien examined from above, so there is evidence

of five segments in the larval stage. Posteriorly (ventrally)

there is a minute oval (anal) plate at the extreme end of the

body. Laterally there are a number of straight and curved

Tsle of Wight Bee Disease. 513

_ lines or striations. Sternal epimeron Y-shaped, the anterior

end being forked.

io, 2

Fig. 2.

Acarapis woodi, 9, ventral view.

Legs.—First pair of legs alone well-developed, the second

and third pairs being much shorter and not so distinctly

514 Mr. S. Hirst on the Mite associated with

Fig. 3.

Acarapis woodi, 3 , dorsal view.

Isle of Wight Bee Disease. 515

segmented (four segments can be distinguished, however).

First pair of legs ending in a pair of well-developed claws

Highley ded,

Acarapis woodi, $ , ventral view.

with an almost heart-shaped pulvillus between them. There

is a short hair on the second segment from the distal end of

516 Mr. §. Hirst on the Mite associated with

this leg, and the tarsus has two hairs on it—viz., a compara-

tively long, blunt, curved hair dorsally (probably sensory)

Fig. 5,

(=)

Acarapis woodi, 2. The tracheal system.

A, stigmal opening.

and ashort blunt hair. Second and third legs with the tarsus

in the form of a short cone, without either claws or pulvillus,

Isle of Wight Bee Disease. 517

and furnished with three hairs, one being shorter than the

others.

Egg of considerable size, being remarkably large for a

mite of such small size.

Measurements.— ¢. Length (incl. capitulum) 123-180

Fig. 6.

Acarapis woodi.

a, lateral view of larva; b, ventral view of same whilst still enclosed

in egg-shell.

[the largest specimens being probably ovigerous] ; width

76-100 p.

S. Length 96-102 «; width 62 p.

Ovum 110-128 pw in length, its width 54-67 uw.

Host. Honey-bee (Apis mellifica).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 35

518 On Acarapis woodi, Rennie.

Note.—Apparently only adult bees are infested by this

mite, which lives in the tracheal tubes of the head and thorax.

It is not known how infection takes place—possibly by bees

visiting the same flower or drinking-place. Many species of

Tyroglyphide have a migratory or travelling stage (hypopus),

but this stage is not known to occur in the Tarsonemide.

In his “ Acarina or Mites” (Report No. 108, U.S. Dept.

Agricult. 1915, p. 109) Mr. Nathan Banks asserts that “ The

curious [‘l'arsonemid] genus Scutacarus has a migratorial

nymphal stage much like the hypopus of the Tyroglyphidee.

: od

Fig. 7.

Acarapis woodi.

a, last leg of female; b, ovum, greatly enlarged; c, first leg of larva;

d, second leg of larva.

This stage has been found on bees and ants.” This is a

mistake, however, for it has been pointed eut by Michael

(‘ British Tyroglyphide,’ vol. i. p. 126), and also by Enzio

Reuter in his very excellent paper “ Zur Morphologie und

Ontogenie der Acariden” (Acta Soc. Fennice, xxxvi. 1909),

that the nymphal stage is suppressed in Disparipes (= Scuta-

carus).

The hypopial stage is always a nymph, and there is no free

nymphal stage either in Acarapis or Tarsonemus; so that it

is probable that the disease spreads through the adult mite.

On new Species of Marmosa. 519

After the death of the bee the mites continue to live for

several days, and the great majority of them seem to die

finally without leaving the body of the host. Occasionally a

few adult mites may be found moving about on the dead

bodies of the bees. Whilst dissecting some healthy hive-bees

from Golder’s Green, I found a single specimen of a male

Tarsonemus (sensu stricto) in one of the thoracic tracheee—

so that more than one species of mite of this family can gain

access to the respiratory system of the bee. I have also

found specimens of Tursonemus (s. s.) on dry specimens of

Apis dorsata and Apis florealis (both Indian species of bees)

and on Apis mellifica, var. indica (from Singapore).

LX.— Three new Species of Marmosa, with a Note on

Dideiphys waterlousei, Tomes. By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1917 Dr. Carlos Bruch, Director of the La Plata Museum,

published * a charming little account of the habits and nests

of the Comadrejitas—the small Marmosas—of Argentina,

and mentioned specimens of this group which he had obtained

in San Luis. ‘These specimens he has now sent me for

determination, and I find that they represent a very distinct

species, decidedly smaller than any hitherto known from

Argentina. I propose to name it, in honour of its discoverer,

Marmosa bruchi, sp. n.

A very small species of the MW. marmota group.

Size exceedingly small, the smallest of the genus; just a

shade smaller than the Para MW. emilie, the feet much

smaller. General pattern of coloration as in marmota and

citella, but the colour itself very pale, though this may have

been slightly affected by the action of alcohol. Dorsal area

rather greyer than “ drab”; intermediate lateral area “ light

drab” ; under surface pure sharply defined white. Face

without marked dark patches, the actual eyelids alone

brown ; outside these the area round the eyes whitish. Hars

large—no prominent white patches round their bases. Limbs

white, the body-colour scarcely encroaching at all upon them.

Tail of medium length, slightly incrassated, hairy at base

only, drab above, whitish below.

Skull lightly built, of normal shape. Nasals_ slightly

* Revist. Jard. Zool. Buenos Aires, December 1917, no, 52,

520 Mr. O. Thomas on

expanded in front of the anterior point of the frontals,

rather more so than in c?tel/a. Bullee fairly large, propor-

tionately about as in e/tella, much larger than in emilie.

Premolars evenly increasing in length backwards.

Dimensions of no. 1048 (taken on the skin) :—

Head and body 75 mm. ; tail 89; hind foot (wet) 11°3; .

ear (wet) 15:5.

Skull: greatest length 23:5; condylo-basal length 23-1 ;

zygomatic breadth 13°5 ; nasals 10 x 2°1; interorbital breadth

3°7; breadth of brain-case 10°1; palatal length 12-2; max-

illary tooth-series 8°8 ; combined length of three anterior

molariform teeth 4°1.

Hab. San Luis, Argentina. Original specimens from

Alto Pencoso, just west of San Luis city.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 21. 4. 21. 8. Original num-

ber 1048. Collected February 1914, and presented by

Dr. Carlos Bruch. ‘I'wo specimens.

This beautiful little “ comadreja” is widely different from

any species hitherto known by its small size and pale colour,

the latter indicating a more or less desert habitat. In bulk

it is about equal to the smallest described species of MZarmosa

—WM. emilie of Para,—but is only related to the group of

species to which JM. elegans, marmota, and citella belong,

from any of which it is readily distinguished by its small

size, and notably its tiny feet.

In working out M/Z. bruchi I have re-examined some speci-

mens of the same group from the Northern Chaco of Paraguay,

presented to the British Museum by the Marquis de Wavrin.

The Marmosa now also proves to be new, in spite of its

superficial resemblance to Jf. marmota and citella. It may

be called }

Marmosa verax, sp. 0.

Like WV. citella, but with smaller bulle and shorter feet.

Size just about as in WM. citella, consequently smaller than

in M. marmota, the species of Paraguay east of the main

river. Coloration quite as in those two species. Hind feet

proportionally small, shorter than in evtella.

Skull as in eztella, with the same slightly expanded nasals

and unridged supraorbital edges ; but the bulle are markedly

smaller, a diagonal measurement taken on a line running

from the basion to the middle of the zygoma 2°5 mm., while

it is from 3 to 3:2 mm. in citella.

Dimensions of the type:—

Head and body 125 mm.; tail 130; hind foot 14;

ear 23.

inew Species of Marmosa. 521

Skull: condylo-basal length 30; zygomatic breadth 17°3 ;

nasals 12°2 x 3°2; interorbital breadth 4°4; breadth of brain-

ease 11; palatal length 15°7; maxillary tooth-series 10:8;

three anterior molariform teeth 4:4.

Hab. Northern Chaco of Paraguay. Type from Mision,

west of Concepcion.

Type. Old female with much worn teeth. B.M. no.

20. 12. 18. 34. Original number 15. Collected 29th July,

1920, and presented by the Marquis de Wavrin. Two

specimens.

Of the three species of this group that occur in the Paraguay

region, A. marmota, the largest, occurs in Paraguay proper

—type-locality Tapoua, specimens seen from Sapucay and

Asuncion,—while the smaller M. citella occurs at Goya,

Corrientes, to the south of Paraguay. Now the present

species, agreeing in size with the southern one, occurs to the

north of marmota, in the Chaco Boreal.

All three are alike in colour, but may be readily distin-

guished by their respective sizes and the development of their

bullee.

This makes the third new species discovered by the

~ Marquis de Wavrin, whose little collection from the Chaco

has proved of remarkable interest *,

Marmosa numetra, sp. n.

A large species resembling MZ. chapmani of Trinidad.

Size and colour almost exactly as in M. chapmani, though

the under surface is much more strongly suffused with buffy

—“light ochraceous buff”; back near “cinnamon.” Ears

decidedly smaller than in chapmani. Feet large and heavy.

Tail proportionally rather short, with about a half or three-

quarters of an inch furry like the body. The remainder pale

brown, sometimes spotted with whitish, even more completely

naked than usual, decidedly less hairy than in chapmani, the

hairs quite minute, and imperceptible without a strong lens.

Skull as in chapman?, with strong supraorbital ridges, not

broadly overhanging the orbits. Canines of normal shape,

not broadened antero-posteriorly at base, as they are in the

available specimens of chapmani,

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 166 mm.; tail 205; hind foot 24;

ear 25.

Skull: greatest Iength 41°7; zygomatic breadth 22-2;

nasals 19x 5:1; interorbital breadth 7°3; breadth across

* Cf. Oryzomys wavrini and Akodon toba, supra, pp. 177-178.

522 On Didelphys waterhousei, Tomes.

postorbital projection 8°6 ; maxillary tooth-row 15:3; three

anterior molariform teeth 6:5.

Hab. W. Ecuador. Type from Santo Domingo, 0° 13’ S.,

1 OG! AVS, ANE UDO

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 15.1. 1.54. Original num-

ber 424. Collected 19th July, 1914, by Gilbert Hammond.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Four specimens. ’

This Marmosa is remarkably like the Trinidad M. chap-

mani, but no species similar to it seem to have been recorded

from west of the Andes. Its large size, long feet, and

general robust build all make it resemble I. chapmani, from

which it differs by its smaller ears, more naked tail, and

normal-shaped canines, apart from the very wide difference

in locality.

Note on Didelphys waterhousei, Tomes.

In his recent important work—‘ Genera Mammalium ’? *—

Sr. Cabrera has placed my Marmosa germana, from the Oriente

of Ecuador, as a synonym of Tomes’s waterhouset, supposing

the latter, like germana, to be a member of the cinerea group.

This mistake has naturally arisen from the carelessness with

which Tomes allowed a figure of Waterhouse’s specimen to

be published as his D. waterhousez, when at the same time he

was describing under that name the skin brought home by

Fraser from Ecuador. Now the two animals are really

totally different. Waterhouse’s specimen was an immature

specimen without locality, but clearly a real grey opossum

of the eénerea group. It is still in the Museum, and bears

the number 42. 4. 29. 70, but is indeterminable with any

further exactitude. ‘The true waterhouse?, however, as based

on the Ecuador skin, is quite of a different group, as may be

seen by the figure of its skull published on p. 303 of the

same volumet in which the species was described. ‘This

skull, now in the Museum (no. 7. 1. 1. 215), has no resem-

blance to that of any member of the cémerea group, though,

unfortunately, owing to the disappearance of the type-skin,.

I am for the present unable to identify it more exactly.

Although with unusually well-developed postorbital pro-

cesses, it would appear to belong to the murina group, to

whose members its colour, as described by Tomes, indicates

considerable resemblance.

Whether the ordinary Keuadorean species of that group—

a form nearly related to Mf. mitis—ever develops such pro-

cesses I do not know, but in any case further material will

* P. 39 (1919).

+ P. Z. 8. 1860.

On the Tuco-tuco of San Juan, Argentina. 523°

no doubt clear up its identity, since we know its exact

locality.

But whatever it is, any connection with such a typically

cinerea’ species as Md. germana may safely be eliminated

trom the study of this troublesome animal.

LXI.—The Tuco-tuco of San Juan, Argentina.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tn a small collection of mammals from the Province of San

Juan made by Sr. Budin there occurs a series of a tuco-tuco

allied to that of Catamarca, but apparently subspecifically

distinct.

Ctenomys coludo johannis, subsp. n.

Essentially like C. coludo and famosus, but colour paler

and greyer.

Size and other essential characters, including the larger

size of the bulla, asin C. coludo. Colour, however, averaging

much less strongly buffy, approaching “ drab-grey,” the fore

back, nape, and sides of head particularly grey. In some

specimens the general colour almost suggests a chinchilla-

grey, while others, again, are more distinctly drabby. On

the whole, however, the average is distinctly paler and greyer.

Below, the difference is still more marked, the ends of the

hairs whitish with but faint tinge of buffy. Nasal patch

blackish, much more strongly marked than in coludo and

famosus. Caudal crest blackened terminally, this being

almost always without darkening in C. coludo and famosus.

Skull about as in coludo, though the zygomata are less

widely spread, the zygomatic breadth distinctly less than the

bimeatal. Interparietal sutures rarely perceptible.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 199 mm. ; tail 97 ; hind foot 36.

Skull: greatest length 50; condylo-incisive length 48-7 ;

zygomatic breadth 28; nasals 17:7 x 8:4; interorbital breadth

10 ; bimeatal breadth 30°2; palatilar length 21-8; bulla,

oblique horizontal diameter 18, breadth at right angles to

last 10; upper molar series (crowns) 8°4 ; greatest diameter

of p* 3°2.

Hab. Department of San Juan. Type from Cafiada

Honda. Alt. 500 m.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 21.4. 8. 20. Original num-

ber 1233. Collected 5th December, 1920, by E. Budin.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

524 On the Arctonyx of Annam.

“‘ Under trees ; holes made in naked soil.” —Z. B.

This is a paler form of the more northern C. coludo of

Tinogasta, Catamarca, with which it agrees in_ essential

characters. The intermediate C. famosus of the Famatina

chain should also, I think, be considered as only sub-

specifically separable from coludo.

The southern neighbour of this tuco-tuco is C. mendocinus,

Phil., which differs widely from it by its less narrow skull,

its smaller bulle, and larger cheek-teeth.

LXII.—The Arctonyx of Annam.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AmonG the collections contributed by Dr. Vassal to the

National Collection there is an example of a hog-badger

which, on comparison with those in the Museum, would seem

to represent a distinct form.

Arctonyx anneus, sp. n.

Size apparently approaching that of A. dictator, judging

by the typical skull, which, although immature, already

exceeds in length thosé of the other smaller species. Quality

of fur and coloration about as in A. collaris, the markings

net so strongly contrasted as in dictator, their distribution

quite as usual,

Skull, of an immature specimen, already longer than in

adult specimens of A. collaris and obscurus, and approaching

in length that of the large A. dictator of Tenasserim and

S. Siam, which it probably equals when fully adult.

Upper molar comparatively long and narrew, with a

marked concavity at the middle of its inner edge, its length

decidedly greater than in the smaller species, its breadth less

than in the larger. And the same with the large lower molar.

Dimensions of the type-skull :—

Condyle-basal length 142 mm.; zygomatic breadth 68 ;

length of nasals 42; palatal length to back of pterygoids 107;

p*, length on outer edge 9°8, greatest breadth 9°2 ; m’, greatest

length ‘(diagonally) 17: 5, breadth at central internal notch 9°6;

Hab. Avnam. Type from Nha-trang.

Type. Immature male. B.M. no. 10. 3.10.4. Collected

29th March, 1909, by Dr. J. Vassal.

This species has the external appearance of A. collaris,

but is nearly or quite as large as A. dictator, from which it

differs by its narrow upper molar.

INDEX to VOL. VII.

ACALLUROTHRIPS, characters of the

new genus, 269, d

Acnemia, new species of, 463,

Acourtia, new species of, 11.

Acropoma, new species of, 415.

Adiaphorothrips, new species of, 276,

Akodon, new species of, 178, 184.

Alexander, C. P., on African crane-

flies in the British Museum, 98; on

new or little-known Tipulide, 505.

Alluaudinella, new species of, 427.

Anagaster, new species of, 139.

Andrena, new species of, 211.

Andrewes, H. E., on Oriental Cara-

bide, 404.

Andrews, C. W., on a new Chelonian,

145.

Andricus, new species of, 23,

Annelide, new, 157.

Anthidium, new species of, 210.

Anthophora, new species of, 201.

Antipodomyia, characters of the new

genus, 429.

Aphis, new species of, 476.

Arctoneura, new species of, 435,

Arctonyx, new species of, 524.

Arnbick-Christie-Linde, A., on a

Styelid Tunicate from Spitzbergen,

347.

Arrow, G. J., on new Ruteline

beetles from Indo-China, 378.

Arthropods, fossorial, 1, 453.

Asanada, new species of, 52, 53,

Asilus, new species of, 470.

Ateleopus, new species of, 414.

Aulacobothrus, new species of, 485,

Aves, new, 192.

Bagnall, R. §S., on Thysanoptera

from the Seychelles Islands and

Rodrigues, 257; on new Thysano-

ptera, 355.

Bassaricyon, new species of, 231.

Bathystomus, new species of, 16.

Batrachians, new, 191, 352.

Beddard, F. E., on a new species of

Thamnodrilus, 153.

Berzodes, new species of, 479.

Bibio, new species of, 468.

Bibliographical notices, 385,

Bigotomyia, characters of the new

genus, 174.

Bombomelecta, new species of, 212.

Brachiopods from the Persian Gulf,

Brachyurothrips, characters of the

new genus, 265.

Bruchomyline, new, 437,

Callosciurus, new species of, 122.

Calyptoides, new species of, 13,

Camponotine, new, 93,

Carabidee, new, 404.

Carabus, new species of, 407.

Castanotherium, new species of, 60.

Centrocnemis, new species of, 433,

Ceratoneura, new species of, 127.

Cerdocyon, new species of, 382.

Cestodes, new, 153.

Chamberlin, R. V., on new East-

Indian Chilopoda and Diplopoda,

50.

Champion, G. C., on various African

and Asiatic species of Laius, 322 ;

on new species of the genus Ha-

palochrus, 344.

Chelonian, new, 145.

Chilodactylus, new species of, 416.

Chilophus, characters of the new

genus, 86.

Chilopoda, new, 50.

Chirolophius, new species of, 418,

Chrysopilus, new species of, 471.

Chrysops, new species of, 472.

Chubb, C., on new forms of South-

American birds, 192.

Cockerell, T. D. A., on fossil Arthro-

pods in the British Museum, 1,

453; descriptions and records of

bees, 201,

Coelorhynchus, new species of, 415.

Coenurothrips, characters of the

new genus, 271; new species of,

287, 361.

Coleocentrus, new species of, 6.

Colevuptera, new, 451.

Collinge, W. E., on the cutaneous

glands in terrestrial Isopoda,

212.

Crawley, W. C., on new and little-

known species of ants, 87.

Cremastus, new species of, 8.

Crossogale, characters of the new

genus, 245.

Cryptomys, new species of, 372.

Cryptops, new species of, 50.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. vii. 36

526

Cryptothrips, new species of, 274,

276, 355.

Ctenomys, new species of, 136, 185,

523.

Cynoglossus, new species of, 418.

Dacnusites, new species of, 19.

Demodex, new species of, 38.

Dianthidium, new species of, 208.

Dicaiothrips, new species of, 280.

Dichetomyia, characters of

new genus, 163.

Dicranomyia, new species of, 305, 458.

Didrepanephorus, new species of, 879.

Dinematocricus, new species of, 78.

Diospiloides, new species of, 12, 14.

Diplopoda, new, 50.

Diptera, new, 161, 305, 373, 420,

431, 437.

Ditomyinz, new, 431.

Dixa, new species of, 466.

Dolichoderine, 92.

Dolichothrips, new species of, 358.

Duncanula, characters of the new

genus, 193,

Kchimys, new species of, 450.

Edwards, F. W., on new species of

Simuliidee, 141 ; Pselliophora, 373;

Ditomyine, 431; Bruchomyiine,

437,

Edwards, W.N., on a small Bennet-

titalean flower, 440; on Parka

decipiens, 442.

Tlasmus, new species of, 124.

Emmesomyia, new species of, 423.

Jimpeda, new species of, 457.

Entomostraca, new, 236.

Epiphagma, new species of, 458.

Eriocera, new species of, 321.

Eucoptacra, new species of, 503.

Eulimnophora, new species of, 428.

Euplectrus, new species of, 134.

Eupreponotus, characters of the new

genus, 507.

Euryscotolinx, new species of, 134.

Fossil arthropods, new, 1, 453.

Fossil Chelonian, new, 145.

Friend, H., on new aquatic Annelids,

137.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 144, 254, 387.

Gigantothrips, new species of, 364.

Gilchrist, J. D. F., on the reproduc-

tion of deep-sea fishes, 173.

Gonomyia, new species of, 316, 460.

Gonoplectus, characters of the new

genus, 65.

Grammostola, new species of, 297.

Graphomyia, new species of, 161.

the ©

IN DEX.

Gryllotalpa, new species of, 474.

Gryllus, new species of, 474.

Gurnetia, characters of the new

genus, 472.

Gurney, R., on new British Ento-

mostraca, 236.

Gymnastes, new species of, 456.

Gynaikothrips, new species of, 273,

362.

Halieutea, new species of, 419.

Hapalochrus, new species of, 344,

Haplothrips, new species of, 267.

Heligmasoma, characters of the new

genus, 57,

Heliographa, characters of the new

genus, 169.

Heteronarce, characters of the new

renus, 414.

Hinton, M. A. C., on a new genus

of clawless otter, 194; on new

African Mammals, 368.

Hirst, S8., on three new parasitic

mites, 37; on Acarapis woodi,

509.

Holomeristus, new species of, 8.

Hygracris, characters of the new

genus, 505.

‘Hyla, new species of, 191.

Hyledius, characters of the new

venus, 39.

Hylemyia, new species of, 428.

Hyiesinus, new species of, 27.

Hymenoptera, new, 201.

Hypanthidium, new species of, 209.

Ichneumon, new species of, 5.

Ipobracon, new species of, 17.

Iridomyrmex, new species of, 92.

Isopoda, notes on, 212.

Ituplectis, new species of, 7.

Jackson, J. W., on Lusitanian Bra-

chiopods in the Persian Gulf, 40.

Lagidium, new species of, 180.

Laius, new species of, 326,

Lampronota, new species of, 10.

Lamyctes, n¢w species of, 53.

Lecteria, new species of, 320.

Leigh-Sharpe, W. H., on abnormal

legs in frogs, 187.

Leiotelus, characters of the new

genus, 67.

Limnobia, new species of, 459, 461.

Limnophila, new species of, 459.

Limnophora, new species of, 165.

Liothrips, new species of, 278, 288,

356.

Lithapechtis, new species of, 6.

Lithobelyta, new species of, 22.

Lithurgus, new species of, 206.

INDEX.

Litostrophus, characters of the new

genus, 72.

Livilla, new species of, 476.

Lopha, new species of, 393.

Macroteleia, new species of, 21.

Malloch, J. R., on exotic Muscaride,

161, 420.

Mammals new, 118, 186, 177, 179,

181, 183, 194, 224, 229, 243, 249,

368, 381, 445, 448, 519, 523, 524.

Mantispa, new species of, 477.

Marmosa, new species of, 519.

Maulik, S., on a new Hispid beetle,

451.

Megistocera, new species of, 456,

Mello-Leitéio, Dr., on the genus

Grammostola, 293.

Meranoplus, new species of, 91.

Mesitius, new species of, 21.

Mesochra, new species of, 238.

Mesothrips, new species of, 365,

Microphila, characters of the new

genus, 192,

Miota, new species of, 22.

Mollusca, fossil, 389.

Mongoma, new species of, 460.

Morgania, new species of, 207.

Mycomya, new species of, 463,

Myiographa, characters of the new

genus, 169.

Myiospila, new species of, 162.

Myrmecia, new species of, 87.

Myrmicinz, new, 91.

Neaveia, characters of the new

genus, 427,

Neoheegeria, new species of, 360.

Nephrotoma, new species of, 98.

Newton, R. B., on a marine jurassic

fauna from Central Arabia, 389.

Omophron, new species of, 404.

Orimargula, new species of, 515,

Orthoptera, new, 480.

Oryzomys, new species of, 177.

Osmia, new species of, 202.

Otostigmus, new species of, 51.

Pagellus, new species of, 419.

Paleosycorax, new species of, 437,

Palpomyia, new species of, 469,

Panorpa, new species of, 478.

Parabembras, new species of, 418.

Paraconophyma, characters of the

new genus, 497.

Paraonyx, characters of the new

genus, 195.

Parascutigera, new species of, 54,

Pediobopsis, new species of, 126,

Pegomyia, new species of, 430.

Pelecypoda, new, 392.

527

Peperonota, new species of, 380.

Phanomeris, new species of, 18.

Phaonia, new species of, 425.

Phronia, new species of, 465.

Pisces, notes on deep-sea, 173 ; new,

412.

Pithecus, new species of, 181.

Placia, new species of, 467.

Platypodidee, notes on, 25.

Platypus, new species of, 25.

Platyrrhacus, new species of, 82.

Platyura, new species of, 463.

Plesispa, new species of, 451,

Pleurotropis, new species of, 126.

Plokamostrophus, characters of the

new genus, 79.

Pocock, R. L., on the glans penis in

macaque monkeys, 224; on a new

species of Bassaricyon, 229,

Peecilophaonia, characters of the

new genus, 171.

Poekilloptera, new species of, 475.

Polybia, new species of, 20.

Polyclistus, new species of, 10.

Polyglossa, new species of, 204.

Polysphincta, new species of, 9.

Ponerine, new, 87.

Prionopeltis, new species of, 80.

Proctacanthus, new species of, 470.

Procter, Miss J. B., on reptiles and

batrachians from E. Bolivia, 189 ;

on the tail of Spelerpes fuscus,

222; on reptiles and batrachians

from Ceram, 352.

Pselliophora, new species of, 374.

Pseudalopex, new species of, 383.

Pseudochloris, new species of, 194.

Psocus, new species of, 479.

Psychoda, new species of, 466,

Pteromalus, new species of, 25.

Pterostichus, new species of, 477.

Pterothacris, characters of the new

genus, 493,

Pusa, characters of the new genus,

490,

Pygophora, new species of, 422.

Rattus, new species of, 235, 248.

Regan, C.T., on new fishes from dee

water off the coast of Natal, 412.

Reptilia, notes on, 189, 222, 352.

Rhamphidia, new species of, 313.

Rhipidia, new species of, 311.

Rhipidomys, new species of, 183.

Rhizomyrma, new species of, 93.

Rhodesina, characters of the new

genus, 424.

Rhodites, new species of, 24.

Rhyphus, new species of, 467.

528

Robinson, H. C., on new insular

squirrels from Peninsular Siam,

118; on new Indo-Malayan rats,

234.

Rohwer, 8. A., on new Chalcidoid

flies from Coimbatore, 123.

Rutelinz, new, 378.

Rymosia, new species of, 464,

Sampson, W., notes on Platypodide

and Scolytidee, 25.

Sceliphron, new species of, 20.

Schéngastia, new species of, 37.

Scolytide, notes on, 25.

Scolytoplatypus, new species of, 36.

Scyliorhinus, new species of, 413.

Siagona, new species of, 409.

Sigalphus, new species of, 15.

Sigmodon, new species of, 448.

Simuliide, new, 141.

Simulium, new species of, 141.

Sirembo, new species of, 417.

Smaris, new species of, 416.

Smith, M. A., on reptiles and ba-

trachians from Ceram, 382.

Sowerby, A. de C., on the Kast

Asiatic members of Sciurus vul-

garis, 249.

Spheropceus, new species of, 62.

Sphecodes, new species of, 208.

Spirostrophus, new species of, 76.

Sporophila, new species of, 193,

Steinella, characters of the new

genus, 171.

Stilpnus, new species of, 4.

Strongylosoma, new species of, 79.

Styelide, new, 547.

Symmerus, new species of, 435,

Systropus, new species of, 469.

Tapinophyma, characters of the new

genus, 496,

Tetrastichus, new species of, 128.

Thomas, O., on new insular squirrels

from Peninsular Siam, 118; ona

new tuco-tuco, 1386; on new Mu-

ride, 177; on a new mountain

INDEX.

Vizeacha, 179; on a uvew monkey

and a new squirrel, 181; on new

Rhipidomys &c., 183; on a new

shrew, 243; on new foxes, 381;.

on cavies of the genus Caviella,.

_ 445; on Sigmodon &c., 448; on

new species of Marmosa, 519; on

the tuco-tuco of San Juan, 523; on

the Arctonyx of Annam, 524.

Thyropygus, new species of, 63.

Thysanoptera, new, 257, 355,

Tipula, new species of, 455.

Trachelomegalus, new species of, 78.

Trentepohlia, new species of, 319.

Trigoniulus, new species of, 69.

Trochosoma, characters of the new

genus, 56,

Tryphactothrips, characters of the

new genus, 264.

Typhlops, new species of, 353.

Uranomys, new species of, 569.

Uranoscopus, new species of, 416,

Uromys, new species of, 248.

Uvarov, B. P., records and descrip-

tions of Indian Acridide, 480.

Webbia, new species of, 34.

Williamosniella, new species of, 442.

Xenarcha, new species of, 15.

Xenomyia, characters of the new

genus, 164,

Xenosia, characters

genus, 421.

Xenotachina, characters of the new

genus, 420,

Xenothoracocheta, characters of the

new genus, 170.

Xipholimnobia, characters of the new

genus, 318.

Xyleborus, new species of, 28.

Ypsilocarpa, characters of the new

genus, 347,

Zoospheerium, new species of, 59.

Zygethomeris, characters of the new

genus, 55.

Zygota, new species of, 23.

of the new

END OF THE SEVENTH VOLUME,

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

GILCHRIST. A UN. ¥ Mag. Nat. Hist. Sie 9. Vol. VII. Bir oy:

A Cluster of Fish Eggs, attached to an Alcyonarian.

COLLINGE Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S.9.Vol. VI. Pl. IL

CUTANEOUS GLANDS OF PORCELLIO DILATATUS, LATR.

COLLINGE

CUTANEOUS

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. VII. Pl. IIL

ul unde

re -

ey)

=a) DS TR ee a aL

Aber ae teas

Nae

GLANDS OF PORCELLIO DILATATUS,LATR.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 9. Vol. VII. Pl. IV.

BAGNALL,

R.S.B, del,

i a

Ky i

aot

tenet

Wit,

BAGNALL. Ann. ih Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol: VIE Pi. Ve

R.S.B. del.

BAGNALL Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. Pl. VI.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9, Vol. Vile Pl. VIP.

BAGNALL,

CHAMPION Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. VI. Pl. VIM.

0. Tassart,del.

AFRICAN AND ASIATIC LAIUS

Vil. PITS

9. Vol.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

BAGNALL.

‘usd ‘sadv.unasqo

sdriyjoyrwuhy &q pasnes vorqv.iw vranop uo stv

19)

SYIOONTUM “OA O10UcT

ia ;

aoe

ree ,

J aE ‘ i wie

ites ~;

oi i ;

hls f eae ;

+ , q

: ea

AS . A e

P mit i i

ee)

7 7 ' cary

- i i ae

‘a i ¥ a t

, ON | ia

| ei wy

@ ih 5 :

La i‘) bey ™

i Eas / 4

7 a pain

= ee ae :

' : ‘

; :

2 ay f

aan .

< a : ODP ARES eet wo ato fae

pa , yy

‘ - A

, ’ ; : ;

r 7 -

. a :

, , ¥s

’

oy ®@

of ; g

, ee ~~ ¥ a

ARROW. Ann. & Mag. INGO ist SOs Vok VITAE Xt.

3. 4,

Males of: 1. Didrepanephorus bifalcifer, Wood-Mason.

2. D. mucronatus, Arrow, sp. n.

3. Peperonota harringtoni, Westwood.

4. P. vitalisi, Arrow, sp. n.

Natural size.

NEWTON.

Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist. S. 9. Vol. VI Pl. XT

FP Dolman, phot. RB. Newton, direx.

EDWARDS. Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. VIZ Pl. XT.

roe is

Figs. 1-3, WILLIAMSONIELLA VALDENSIS, S$

Figs. 4-5, PARKA DECIPIENS, Flem.

p- n.

Periodicals published by TAYLOR & FRANCIS.

tia Published the First Day of every Month. t.—5s. nett.

THE

LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN

PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE

AND

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.

Conducted by

ae SIR OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.,

~. SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, O.M., M.A., Se. D., F.R.S. *s

JOHN JOLY, M.A., D.Sce., F.R.S., F G8;

~ RICHARD TAUNTON FRAN CIS, and

WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S.

Published the First Day of every Month.—3s, 6d. nett.

THE

ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

seuiaing Zoology, Botany, and Geology.

Conducted by

WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.RS., F.L.S., F.GS.,

Sea ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G. B. E., M. a -) SC. D., F.R.S., F.Z.S., and

% RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F, ZS S

Founded i in 1877. Monthly, 2s. Annual Subscription, 20s.

THE. OBSERVATORY,

A MONTHLY REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY.

Edited by

F. J. M. STRATTON, M.A.,

H. 8. JONES, M.A., B. Se. atid

J. JACKSON, M. i B. Sc.

Its Contributors inelude most of the leading English-speaking Astronomers,

and its Articles give an interesting reflection of the progress of astronomical

thought and achievement.

Published Monthy Price 2s. nett. Annual Subscription,

22s. 6d. post free.

THE

JOURNAL OF BOTANY

Re BRITISH AN D .FOREIGN.

oe are Edited by ;

ee JAMES BRITTEN, K.S.G., F.L.S:,

LATE SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM,

"silos oy eee Botanists ; Announcements of Discoveries Reviews ;

: eke News and Hetees &e., &e,

“Red Lion ¢ Court, Fleet Street, London.

; Se Ie ee

. _ Insects

VII, Records and Descriptions of

LIX. | ite (Acarapis woodi, I

<a ‘ ae : te Art ‘ ete a f

SraNLEY

t is

Rice

sit

Three new Species of Marmosa, with

RM Met tay ae Pah be

LDFIELD THomAs

Lan es

At wie a

Oe, eae

rere) Wha

ak Bab BO

rueey * Bene | ant ‘ sa

TIT L® Loa A NA CUR os ' a iy

pov NA « a be | Berit aoe mi +n 4&@ale. a ' Tv

i) Ne ~ ota UN gan hg o

ay? TL eT pled ve M

ol 5

EST

yee’ Led : | tone Wa he

an . ARN aay Aun Aaay - ae > ¢) Ady Ve,

‘ q8an_ 00°" sang nnn a Mendig ar ea * _~

phon bat | hes x}

Ba, !

del IRIAN hia al Lede any fom Mitiy

LF ARR

<a CALARI : DN Ne Shanty

1 dit gua“, eT TT pee | EET

saad ms ow Maa

t Ya, 29BSany On Me, °

' : Slay nA

wey mits . APA & “arb

| Hitt Rule ry a Lye yighhy NR nahin ” ay ne <An,

&, v 405 2% > 96 @ - ane ayeaun¥ a Aa , (vente. E “A. fe Z ala

Vag: Nia ca pediunnr” : BD || hs ai Re oe

‘Fh AAMT ; aed mM TTT UL Tait

SURE PA, Ay a

wud Ss pp. a) teva CARPAL Edhdbdae 6) 9:

Aw taht ad a yo.

Ar ~-

Ee tt

aa , | y nee, vet

y Ve ayye *\ Le ry pyre iy v Pl aalad ar vo . Sd

, (Fy 8 ae, Wie. > a nade PTTL aD ral Saws f i

soe Nei lb pent

wpe sun, AAO ae Set BD

® rl Graken "YS sees. -a*8

iba

aeeeneh Or | paul

hoch tt ae EY y ~e '

LOS GR ET tena een: eee Aaa aan Way, 1 Oe

aan) TIT TTT TT yiaeenaetn nO YET ane wlll a ygprnantt

by TWH Vue

‘uae Heals sabia Hedy MT odcancnaana, Po IPP

soak adidas | ie Peru. fpu iio yan aun a.

pl al

Ava

“N Nay Tite gl

af gas Shel ah | ] xe fbhans vf \— Na

babel SVP E Toba gfe am

sm @ehas

— 2 “ are: ‘ Perry ‘ fe rye ‘ s " - . . 2 » y tin er

° ‘ ; : ap ions wt ’ pai . 7 ° if» ‘ : »* ¢ oo? "

we ee a2 wet 5 . . : ‘ .

. . en ‘” a . a < mn ‘ a - . R

a 4 2 ae « ” - al . a 2 - .. > r a ‘ 2 2 - a ts ‘ , * - “ne “

“ HN dR Re les i» 2 are J ‘ Pm . ; 3 nd 7 ‘ . se yom : .

A > - . 7 , °. . 4 ores .

= aman ‘ a inal ~ —— ae SY ee ca, .

? , ’ : : > ‘ -

er w a ated wane rh nara 4 perm mu eutudh 190 .

: . . é * “ ws Pind aves * 2 2 we 7

, * Ameren ys kat . - pareiidh died . nw wre ,

y ; patie QA pen “o . a aad 7 .

oi aie eo alan 2 . ~a° - 226k MDa 4 ‘ ots ene W@ASARMARL ARAL en, e _ :

af 5 “ P 2 ts ‘ he - i “i

‘ ‘ . ms re nie Ride ® wr » a5 a a “ .

mre Take “ ‘ \ oe _ ‘

> > Dame a ’ “- tes adem . Te were ar ve ¥ - ated ~

e : - acum . se ® ‘ ‘ : X :

ao a ain s iA Menor, an halen aa mynan PEO EST rr err ry re . ; “ ner

“ ° " a » “ a a eee ty) rer . ,

me 4 : - r : Rr aera ee eT DRAWER Ameen on : ;

sal : a ' ™ > ear >t ue PRY Pee way wee ,

~ 4 > -* a a* sa “ ~ Aare ‘ 4 4 v vr * 4° a*

. ‘ - be . “ oe aan + ys . ‘ :

. “ - > minia ‘ . rarer ‘ > 5 we dad Am ss :

= » o S ” & alee * “ a a a . rn

- — Si as at aus a . ht mB eet ) j

. sista bet “ : ‘ ‘ i naw * ‘ SEY etre mie

~ a Fo ane - v . 2 - , 4 , toms 4 ~ ~ pin ine eet eer wie

< me : . . a paso ie ba er err ae os rome

. * ‘ a” a os as a e as * >

7 rere “ pont “ea - ‘ 2.42 PA*MARQ EAA LO a rn a a

, ° 2 ee al : > F os reer reryy rer — x mt ieaees vr"

: Satelite clair . — An nixon, . , ee ee eee ee a er . a a demnh Hare rosin ar

: ‘ ss R 2 we , : A Pees . 1+ 22h. 0e222 08 i Mtl ares hale id

. a atdndianel = . “ ~ ‘ 2 , am <a = * a ves DADRA RM Bin rere eatin vida wee

. Parte tes ee deh haa AR AA AA ADA AEE DS Ce kik, ke

- 2 buh eT -ma ‘ a o) ee: eee eee Rr no - a a-Acan

: aa "*.* » a ~ : we * P rn 4 - an a - - mb f. s > a > » 4 < »< « Ba : > s as 2ALD~@

Jad piensa ain . " > ae. - “ “ pinlacmge 4 ‘ “ ¢ : s . iaavatblaiiune 4 ned

ree ae Sea ere ere eae r mh pee nea a we ‘ PEE rere ere rey re Peri teers

Bre cy ete Ryde Rih Biden debe Rt reer Pe er as > om ete em AR deka nn 4 a ‘ * SSAA ae ‘ {Ain ea Ma Aenean . . rd

Cerro Ts Pe ee ne re ee te ee ee ee ree er rane eT = ~* ears aw —s0 « ~- + . wee ee ee PAADAA RSs Assaaa FM de A GiB he, Bartle Deh Rey ee Bm ety etm

Faber wihidied i Raita id ithe cat ares aati Rican tit Ae PE Paoli tse ad Pe emree annem examen 1a ae oe b.4 Red a? a a tea tee A Ritenynckeheeee

ei Ro Pid Rote Ales - ware. Sverre ee hee as we 7) a” mr) Se ae ital rn Pete sa rere , * erry ees ere) ARP Adee ht We as ats derbverg

metenipaden pasture 42 reer a wees , me ener ry Ft 2 - wer ~ " man . atest 7. . e PS RA SAREE E 6 RA a 22 Oa A AAAAAMEAAMARI DS 5 ee ee ee ee

fez, (Spe hY Ww ‘ tg <pneg 7 Ml “- rs r > * i oe wy sSiai :

et ee eer eee eee YS ee Sewer too) ST ere wee ee LY Ye een fe fer Te eee el . ne hs a . A RALARARAR MAME RA ES HAM GOOMLESS 65 9.9.02 pee dte oa de ce emit ary

- 2 o > . H ¥ ‘ ‘ ‘ Ss mt wa “ae Kaaae reerw 2 paar , ‘

‘ eer ees eee ee ee ee ry ee ee airkos ee eae a~2m kta . er a. - Nom ty SA ales . “ am Spay ABAD Ahi ltongh a ere

Pee ere eres ee le ree eer eee ore ree eee re sh pv be paategewche mC De ee SAG. met - - fm pee wets ” SPIE rtp ee ee ee ee ee ern Ts

iA Ne I bP es tint be ecg A eee eee ee ee 2 AAs er ee payee oes . Rafa Ars ft a ae ae AMALEGL ALAR: ee ened

4 ‘ . “ou . vy PS ee . AANA RIAA eh teh BAO oidiad Macta we Sdine

FR cs Bile ante plage iA BNR Oe Bee De Rit ee tet Ret tg Mets » ee a yt ' ‘ ‘ me me’ on * ‘ ‘ “

ee rar Seater te rer Sr reiee ee ere ere ne Se) 4 . - . , mentees ; need astees “ em ts ‘

DI PEERS SEE Se rem eee ree weer Ty err , , —inie : . . - - AR yn tats Paap it art

i ~ N es os “~ “ si ti li ‘ te * wi i “ Min nee Lan tee

ee ee ee et ee ee are Pere eee ee suk errr cia " . ~ “ ais . fy) oe Let a » " Sead ;

:, A ‘ - ay ea em fe ly wy bi fe, a Aietbseperlls Prinn Dede) ae . <a dee HF Qe Doh Deceit yhind dade’

eedbeeeatietat tet tae ped lint eels Dir alien odd Ce £9 helt ~ a ere one ” aRe iaceer ao em in NS snares me ror -

Peete Neer inner antt wearer Wi 0, ir nen nee rrr ven Sete eee RAL LI Jaan NA nen ‘ Lin alin mes re ,

ere rane tae eee mee ue ee eee ae ee naw “ * “a ; m el A 8 Rrast . ~ “= ea eerie? Rh Rhy tee ® a dhl

-- “ . F : he, snepiese lia rt Me te 4 + . Pre . ew’ ‘ sae. .

le Bef Ani et 3 inc ly Go eee i in th Me Mg in in er eee res ee ee noe az andy B esnaico 2 a Ae SORT e oe en ee ee ‘

3 p Y 7 4 . — . neon a- ‘ ange ™ ave 2 PY ‘ eae ee wind. ‘

Te ee ee ee ae ee, eee rere ee ee ee ee ee ites nt 7 ¢ ve mn a. Aha. aaa ee “ hots aed bite

" ‘ a ' & nS - ~- ‘ . -~ . es al a n ee mae des

anh ae Ped hek iM Dito, 0 hed pe Aca ly MPd eRe dade a) dy ROME om Ae tne LIE be edad Scale a a RN ETO Ray Roh mat Rm : ’ P ae mn ee if * i RAEN nm cme rt rocuprevene =

ae mrdrenemasiaeaaiacale SOs Aid ABS eat snp eliate daviesangtn aces, pecans hannah ated de caine eet dealin TE - - pint oh ee aie aad Eola eShaee, SebebAS AAS coed dads ted rman

. ~ ~ ¥ = r . . . out ripen eeonred Pitted rm ae te .

Le es ee ee eee yp Ate iS eee mE Ar a Colinas a Pils REO Sh ST celte etl acta ao es CRAY dri d tabetha

vba ~ “ bh : Reeds - ite amg eel ~- : . Oech tid ‘ aio och OIA anne NN 2 henge etn ay RRM gpa

PEPIN he een rininenearabieanses maagingn ae aT = ye np nine 4 “‘ . : ee

apes ssi menianarniayarasacaiPrMArteReA Ril tiad echiaacasane euppeenne® re R erate etn here eux * y ans nh sean en pe he AME Dig dg peanisrd a mrarares ise vscaoitelay Sasieiechobed

oe ymin Rea dd He Omen eadearamed Per Cee “ teytaeagnn mete OE ee a . he SRDS Reet ee et ere ee oe meee ere re

ee eet te ee er ee rae ad . ene er pon preety eee » ores

hed RPAH Pe ae Radiata adhere ee neti SAO I NP Mh aA SNR od rely

A i By BB oe ATI i gen Bt Mit eta te ive Ant So aie & ‘

, a. + Bin be paidreagtes® eiaenshol tt Act ntatadiediayotty

BS sunyPsh PAs Rte ait od

A ens ABTS WR Becki oh aN ee yee Se

Pe ee ee ee ee ee ee v lt

aT et ee eee

. wer LAN te bp dod ehnigheae sanpet id hy gperdek

: Pe ete at eect

Ocak tndh tom hg AAT Ay gen) dean bed ed aut

seni bis eat a ee

iksiae eaihtetanialie i teietiein et Are Sok Rabe Bate ft ee cS SARE PINE LRTI ED m0 Od My eM BA TMEM A wh ae A nM

eT Ee ree ee ee eetn eter ert er ee ee eet nei . caf Onno ya a2 Rk a Ae rm ya eet Ake ka” Hy dima:

Se aie cethe ialt oe ea E Sh nt eee rede aaah dene te Cet ae alae Oe eee et ee mn he ee ee ene ee ee

te ee ees my oectnin pes ir $y4o-9 * contiiat ax tir aceanitid MAA Wet tong endian Ledeen aude

An ee

nee

a ee ee ee St ee ee ee

eben ppt le ay, nee RS fhe HOP

pinisimeatnspions Dea eros

Pte ay yk tee se Pte R FORGE toh OM

bien en ett ee ed aon EB ys ee?

eos Pat ia acata neste

SE RPE mh mk mee R ON

eae

Ronn mae aA were eT OREN ks get halede an dante? > “

aes pate So nanan gaan cay $f meee nanan Bpagaves tac Be teyyainn ale eee Sept ses

a Aihara oop a POIs MY ARE Pema d heey: arannetia eats aie

FRAT Gt termi mt AN As taba MANE he ete

heute ath eta eee pate

Rettman Die Bite ty eer

rene salebincubslgranshe sine naaietaimane

Pe ee ee eee ee er ae ae