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THE ANNALS 7

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

INCLUDING

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.

(BEING A CONTINUATION OF TILE ‘ANNALS’? COMBINED WUT LOUDON AND

CIIARLESWORTII’S § MAGAZINE OF NATURAL ILSTORY.’)

CONDUCTED BY

‘VILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,

TR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S.,

AND

RICHARD T. FRANCIS, F.Z.S., .M.B.0.U.

oe See. iqee pion

S ni

VOL. LX.—NINTH SERIES. j

aan <1

2613992.

Vath, fi fil

LONDON: =

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

SOLD BY BAILLIERE, PARIS: AND HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN,

1922.

“Omnes res create suit divine sapientix et potentix testes, divitia felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapéentia Domini ;

ex ceconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper eestimata ;

& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

ininica fuit.”—Linnaus.

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-V’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

ce ee eo wo ee eo ow ~ Lhe sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

‘They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Tayrtor, Norwich, 1818.

ALbKE & FLAMMAM.

CONTENTS OF VOL, IX.

[NINTH SERIES. ]

NUMBER 49,

Paga

I. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.—

No. XLIV. By Prof. M‘Intosn, M.D., LL.D., D.Se., F.R.S., &e.

Geintes COLT. )e sce. ss BGoke mnie te GREE ar ern ona Oner 1

IL. New Species of Carabide from South Africa. By C. N.

BARNES PIMOS aor eed tsctsee ese rans ceteuseesceseesauras 2 730

III. Some new Species of Earthworms belonging to the Genus

Glyphidrilus. By ©. R. Narayan Rao, M.A,, University of

Mysore, Bangalore .......eeeees sees ences petal ss a ODE ORM airae 51

IV. An Account of the Castniine in the Collection of Madame

Gaston Fournier [Lepidoptera]. By Perey I. Latuy, FES.

WEMATE LV) Foes i elaiate eles alee cis'e's sms BEL EAE Giacbsscl ot eb shel ceeeheeistc veeee 68

V. New Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. By

Herbert C, Roprnson and C. BopEN KLOSS ....+...0000s ey ast

VI. On some new or little-known South African Grasshoppers.

By B. P. Uvarov, F.E.S., Assistant Entomologist, Imperial Bureau

of Entomology ..... AE lB HRICC APO CRRE NICO GIGS 0, IORI GIO Le IROL 99

VII. Descriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from the West

Indies. By Matcorum Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.—Part Il. .. 118

VIII. On some Earthworms from India and Palestine belonging

to the British Museum. By J. SrepHenson, M.B., D.Se., Lecturer

in Zoology, University of Edinburgh ........eeeee seer reece es ae P48)

IX. Hitherto undescribed Platypodide and Scolytide from Portu-

euese Hast Africa. By Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.IS. ........ 137

X. On some interesting Hedgehogs from the Persian Gulf. By

OLDFIELD THOMAS,..... eiSiorsistojats sOaretearer wikist hie crural chaste Sci OOe Ok 142

NUMBER 50.

XT. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera)—VIIT. Australasian

Species. By Cuartns P, ALEXANDER, Ph.D., F.E.S., Urbana

MMmaisy WSN. 5... sale piso aidpelg es see ae Meet sole dee cee es so ek

XII. Notes on Myriapoda.—XXVI. The Names of some Iulide

and Blaniulide. By the Rev. S. Granam Brave-Birks, M.Sc.

(Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, S.E. Agricultural

College (University of London), Wye, Kent ........++.+sssseees 160

XIII. On the Spiders captured by Mr. C. 8. Elton at Spitsbergen

and Bear Island in 1921. Results of the Oxford University Expe-

dition to Spitsbergen.—No. 5. By A. RANDELL JACKSON. .....+. 168

1V CONTENTS.

Page

XIV. Note on the Genus Tragosia, Gray. By Antour DEnpDy,

D.Se, PRS, Professor of Zoology in the University of London

(King’s College) ...... Hino th old aro eoota t Silas in e'a i olers eee MOD

XV. Three new Races of Cephalophus monticola. By GILBERT

AESPATENIES yng shoe sieuetencse ts eis foie le vote ctr emote fi eat RIE Ets desta holeteteeeee mec

XVI. On some new and rare British Diplopods. By RicuarpS.

BAGNALE, FURS. Bi, BLAS. cise ale sietele 0.0 oss cite ele een een

XVIL. The Mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest Expedition. By

OLDFIELD 'T'Homas, F.R.S., and Martin A. C. Hinton .......... 178

XVIII. On some new Forms of Ochotona. By OLpFirip

Ins a ooeacodasdhodans unto a: ajealolela ol okeis ols! fe ot-leatatelane 2 G87

XIX. Some Notes on Verret-Badgers. By Otprretp Tuomas.. 198

XX, On the Systematic Arrangement of the Marmosets. By

OLDFIELD THOMAS..... bo btGorde eters ie sionedolocensiste eres oqo ¢ ose LOD

XXL. The Holotype of Parazetes auchenicus, Slater (Pyenogonida).

By W.,1, Carman, DSc. 0b RS... wilolele@iatets’ ooelo Siele pe emit nemmneeae?

XXII. Note on a Bear (Ursus savini, sp. n.) from the Cromer

Forest-bed. By C. W. ANDREws, D.Sc., F.RS. ives Museu,

Natural listory)... cee ocwats. ceemilon eats «nie lbla'w sicroketeteianaln i @iehete 204

XXII. Notes on Aneta: —XXVIT. Wendie Millipedes.

By the Rey. 8S. Granam Brape-Birks, M.Se. (Manchester), Lec-

turer in Zoology and Geology, South-Eastern Agricultural College

(University of London), Wye, Kent ., bas 208

CC eoceree

XXIV. A Preliminary Note on some new Nematode Parasites

from the Elephant. By M. Kuatit, M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M. & H... 212

Mhe“Zoclozical Record? (3). acces re eater Ys la a%s G:sdeie ge eee

NUMBER 51.

XXV. The African Species of Zéicus, Er., with an Account of

their accessory ¢-characters Wolo By G. C. CHAMPION,

ASR Arie ene AAT RC ad oc abe awry nts 6 RMA tc 2 yas, mA

XXVI. Descriptions and Reet of Bees—XCII. By T. D. A.

CockERELL,-University of Colorado -.\..5..06 ser cule seine eee .. 242

XXVII. Nat on the CHsophageal Teeth of the Stromateide. By

Je Sear CHRIST MTA: IDSC, cers ciievecetotem reine ien atecnenene 249

XXVIII. A short Description of the Genitalia of (Ance?stro-

cephalus) polypteri, Leydig, 1853, By A. J. Hussn, B.Sc......... 255

XXIX. A Subdivision of the Genus Uromys. By OuLpFrmip -

RIREROMOAIS (hats io)s fa, aislia elena io loca feia.s fo Che's ALR MRAM 5 Aes ais > 59 200

XXX. New Mammals from New Giinea and neighbouring Islands.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS W005. ae eee cee kts Pos acetate wf e'eyotdterets mall

XXXII. A new Marmoset from the Lower Amazons. By Oxp-

LIGIIDS BELO MAS aetaratye Sct s auens cos Gaeta tala teletes POD ek dS 265

XXXII. The Generic Classification of the Ta apna Group. are

OM RUD LOMAS emer eine cis en eyei oink este eee

™

CONTENTS. : Vv

Page

XXXII. Preliminary Note on a new Genus of Scatopsid Flies

from New Zealand. By F. W. EDWARDS ... 0. essere ee eens jena 2Oe

XXXIV. A Note on the Jurassic Dipteron, Platyura fittont,

Brodie. By F. W. EDWARDS ........cseseercsr eee s tress eeees 269

XXXV. Exotic Muscaride (Diptera)—V. By J. R, Marocn,

Washington, D.C. .... cece reece eee eeeenee Beet i A ee 271

NUMBER 52.

XXXVI. Papers on Oriental Carabide.— VU. By HE:

PR REWES® «jas sc coches veccetoesneree Bcc, COCO Eres: 281

XXXVI. The Forms of Jaculus jaculus in Egypt and Syria. By

OLDFIELD THOMAS, ....5++-++00: VRAIS cee eee. beats 200

XXXVIIL New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera). IX. Austra-

lasian Species. By Cuarves P, ALEXANDER, Ph.D., F.E.S., Urbana,

MilimOige WiScA. Gece scat esc esi w assess eenyeees Mtr etelen wees 297

XXXIX. Two new Jerboa-rats (Notomys). By OLpFIELD

EHOMAS ..ceeeceenes Bor hoc nocger (roucT nearer eid Sigames 315

XL. Three new Fishes from Zululand and Natal, collected by

Mr. H. W. Bell Marley; with Additions to the Fish Fauna of

ivatule~ By J. R. NORMAN ..,.00-c ees ccennsenwcees ah esis ars 518

XLI. The First Eremochetous Dipteron with Vestigial Wings.

By Prof. M. Buzzi, Turin, Italy 2.1... .seee seer eee e teen erences 323

XLII. Some new Brazilian Gonyleptide. By Metio-Lerrao,

M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and of the Iinto-

mological Society of France .......+eseeeee ence erence ete eee es 329

XLII. Descriptions de Variétés, Espéces et Genres nouveaux

appartenant a la Famille des Coccinellides. Par le Dr. Srcarp,

Médecin-Principal de Varmée ..... cece eee eee eer et ene eens 049

XLIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XCHI. By T, D, A.

CocKERELL, University of Colorado ....s eee eee eee e ee eeeenes 560

XLV. The Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes. By

Tomas H. WirHers, F.G.S. (Plate V.) ....ceeceessesseves 368

XLVI. Deuterophlebia mirabilis, gen. et sp. n., a remarkable Dip-

terous Insect from Kashmir. By F.W. Epwarps. (Plate VL.) .. 379

XLVI. A Note on some supposed new Species of Harthworms

of the Genus Glyphidriius. By J. SrepHenson, M.B., D.Sc., Lec-

turer in Zoology, University of Edinburgh. ........seceee eee eeee 387

XLVILL. On the Animals known as “Ground-Hogs” or “ Cane-

Rats” in Africa. By OLDFIELD THOMAS. ,,....0.+s sees essen 389

XLIX. On new Species of Aleides from the Oriental Region.

By Guy A. K, Marsa, C5M.G, Ses. (Plate: VES) 7 03 es 3: 393

L. On the Names of certain Parrots of the Genus Larius, Bodd.

= Eclectus, Wagl. By Lord RorascHixp, F.RS. ........- 666s 411

LI. Note on a new Snow-Vole from Montenegro { Microtus (Chio-

nomys) bogdanovi, sp. n.|. By V. and Wi, MARTINO... . esse ees 413

vi CONTENTS.

Page

LIT. A new Trichostrongyle Genus from an Armadillo, Euphrec-

tus villosus,. By. Rd, ORTLRPE AMONG gas ee ie cei oo eee eee 418

LI. A new Cestode and other Parasitic Worms from Spits-

bergen, with a Note on Two Leeches. Results of the Oxford

University Expedition to Spitsbergen.—No. 6. By H. A. Bayuis,

MMCA. | D.S6. ss, denies Gu'e sain ba een ce eh ee eee hae eee eee 421

LIV. New Ants from Australia. By W. C. Craw ey, B.A.,

BABES yma Sas erat. sic teins tia efens Cees oes os ae Cae apes OT

LV. Annélides Polychétes de Expédition de l'Université d’Ox-

ford au Spitzberg en 1921. Par Prerre Fauven, Professeur 4

l'Université catholique d’Angers .........65 wise istalsefsetete Sons oe 449

Proceedings of the Geological Society ......... hia eile eink 455

NUMBER 53,

LVI. A Preliminary List of the Arctiine of Para, Brazil, and a

few from other Localities. By Lord Roruscutxp, F.R.S., Ph.D... 457

LVI. Notes on some Parasitic Nematodes. By H. A. Baynis,

MA. D.SC.9% seas ip visio! uals + 00 ahe)sie)eye oletovniatere sie i-nilste eleva reneeaenete 494

LVIIT. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera).—X. Australasian

Species. By Cuarnes P. ALExanprr, Ph.D., Urbana, Illinois,

WOR Aes cietsiess elite ovale sie «'sieiiane fe ilal stele, nina) ells aleyeleiaha el ssa atthe ae een 505

LIX. A few new African Cetoniine Beetles. By Gitpert J,

ARROW, 1 .205.,00 4.9. (Plate Vali) e meee an a. a ects 6 cia oe. 625

LX. Fishes from Tobago. By J. R. Norman ............. we O88

LXI. Note on the Forward Progression in its Shell of the Animal

of the Nautiloidea and Ammonoidea. Compiled from Notes left by

the late G. C. Crick, F.G.S., by B. B. Woopwarp, F.LS. ......

LXII. On some new or little-known South African Grasshoppers

of the Subfamily Acridine (Orthoptera). By B. P. Uvarov, F.E.S.,

Assistant Entomologist, Imperial Bureau of Entomology ...... ». O99

LXIIT. An interesting new Grasshopper from Mount Everest.

Eva; eet VAR OV; Lt. (8.9..0/.c1e cle vie eee ate nite eee Bb iba wee. OOL

LXIV. On some Fijian Psyllide (Homoptera). By F. Laine,

MAC DIS Cy vais < sifsis iajerela) sWe,'tje,aieeuersthereeseen toy ere «ele ietetaresiete 553

LXV. Coleoptera of the Mt. Everest Expedition, 1921. By KG.

ES UAAMIES BES C 5 OE HIS~ 0.0: ci it o7s alepajaieia toh TMM cis i oe 558

LXVI. The Mordellide of the Fiji Islands. By K. G, Buarr,

PSR Cunph shia omeealt aie reueichctolevs sis) 5 sae ereweders aigieleie dase es sls eave ae <«, O62

LXVII. Two new African Hispid Beetles. By 8S. Mautix .... 569

LXVIII. The 8. African Species of Attalus, Er., and some allied

Forms (Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuampron, F.Z.S. ........... sae O70

LXIX. On a new Toad, Cophophryne alticola, collected on the

Mt. Everest Reconnaissance Expedition, 1921. By Joan B,

PROCTER. HZ. els ths oaeeys ein se eid yep qt bec anion ste 583

CONTENTS. Vil

Page

LXX. Nouvelles Observations sur quelques Hchinides néogénes de

Vile @ Anguilla. Par JuLEs Lampert (Troyes). (Plate LX.) .... 587

LXXI. Galoncus tridentatus, sp. n., a new Ankylostome living in

fibrous Nodules in the Intestine of a Leopard. By M. Kmauii.... 596

UXXIU. A new Davaineid Cestode—Raillietina (Paraoniella)

macropa, sp. n., froma Wallaby. By R. J. OrtLEPp, M.A., Para-

sitologist to the Zoological Society of London ..............005. 602

LXXIIT. On a Hermaphrodite Specimen of Amphioxus. By W.

IMD OED, NLA. fins o ee we AT diese OI Can Lec eticacl cure ini aoa eRe 613

LXXIV. Metamynodon bugtiensis, sp. n., from the Dera Bugti

Deposits of Baluchistan.—Preliminary Notice. By C. Forster

Cooper, M.A., Superintendent of the University Museum of

Zoology, Cambridge Si geiot aoe ae Brash ant avin Rlehne arertotote Samo?

LXXV. Some Remarks about Eastern Hedgehogs. By Te

WonwBERG, EP MGZS. &Cr ce. cess a Shehale eemtens, stain Rasen ee ene es er O20)

Proceedings of the Geological Society............ceeeeeeees 629-632

NUMBER 54,

LXXVI. Descriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from the

West Indies. By Matcotm Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.—

eats mpUertE etic es oS feteiels <a. + asia vn dain a ooo teele, arte rtrs Sie Pa teins 633

LXXVII. The “ Cirripede” Zepidocoleus in the Upper Ordovician

Rocks of Scotland. By Tuomas H. Wirurrs, F.G.S. (Plate X.

RUSE ES PEE He rs Fayorcitre: cid sta Sere: Gina: oni wo! we SS, aie) ohne. weds ona es ere eis: 653

LXXVIII. An fee torally complete Hxample of the Cirripede

Scalpellum fossula, Darwin. By Tuomas H. Wrruerrs, I’.G.S.

Beater OtR On) io irre aioe 6 AS abs eras oe sa mactielme eon sdevss cae 656

LXXIX, The Holotype of the Cirripede Scalpellum angustum

(Dixon). By Tuomas H. Wirurrs, F.G.8. (Plate X. figs. 7,8.),. 657

LXXX. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XCIV. By T.D.A.

COcKERELL, University of Colorado

LXXXI. On a new Form of malik from Cyrenaica. By

ord ROTHSCHIED, FIRS) si cnveceeas. Boe tid, us canes Aaa 668

LXXXII. On Mammals collected by C. eh: sser in the Saruwaged

and Rawlinson Mountains Region of N.E. New Guinea. By OLp-

FIELD THOMAS

LXXXIII. The Generic Name of the Finless-backed Porpoise,

formerly known as Neomeris phocenoides, By OLp¥FIELD THOMAS. 676

LXXXIV. The Bandicoots of Nuyts Archipelago, S. Australia,

and of Cape York, N. Queensland. By OLpFiELD THOMAS ...... 677

LXXXYV,. Two new Subspecies of li orientalis, By Oup-

Bee MOMBILEMGENOASS recta arate aur lacs osu sue eu ue ss he vu: 680

LXXXVI. A new Rock- Wallaby (Pew ogale) from the Islands off

South Australia. By OLprieLp THOMAS . . in So OS

vill CONTENTS.

. Page

LXXXVII. A Preliminary Note on Two Strongylata from Swine

in ‘the Pacific. _ By CuavronWuankigewa. seer ee (ee een eee 683

LXXXVIII. Description of a new Typhlops from Tanganyika

Territory. “By Joan B. Procter AE. Zs-2..o0)-eee reer ere eee 685

LXXXIX. Four new Fishes from Tanganyika Territory. By

Det eNORMAING aiysyets stots Gide ee 2 +s Gk halle Eee aie eae 685

New Books :—Monogyaph of the Lacertidee. By G. A. BoULENGER,

BERS, Vol. UE... 20.2 eee eee cate se os sis ee © eater 689

The Complete Nature Book. a complete Handbook and Guide to

British Nature Study, embracing the Mammals, Birds, Reptiles,

Fish, Insects, Plants, etc., in the United Kingdom. By 5. N.

SEDG WICK os eis o> dole o-e ciel sie se wsisinle » ss/e gs tee ab.

Proceedings of the Geological Society.........6.:ecere seers 690-692

A ‘Correction, by Lord Rothschild, F.R:S. 05. spec es ee eee 692

Tindlex: Ts crete Solna oni a's rielsia/allaholatelsta ie late giabile a) ooh oats eee 693

PLATES IN VOL. IX.

PuarE I. Fauveliopsis and Enumenia caulleryii.

IL. Fauveliopsis, Melinna, and Phascolosoma.

III. Brada, Trophonia, &e.

IV. Castniine in the Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier.

V. Scalpellum (Cretiscalpellum).

VI. Deuterophlebia mirabilis.

VI. New species of Alcides from the Oriental Region,

VIII. New African Cetoniine beetles.

IX. Neogene Echinoids from the Island of Anguilla.

X. Lepidocoleus and Scalpellum (Arcoscalpellum),

| WINTH SERIES. VV | ‘0. 4.

ya gs | .

fee ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

2 ZOOLOGY, ee an GEOLOGY.

CONDUCTED BY

; WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Pu.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S,,

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No. 49. JANUARY 1922.

I.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.

—No. XLIV. By Prof. M‘Intosu, M.D., LL.D., D.Sc.,

F.R.S., &c.

[Plates I.-III.]

1. On new and rare Polycheta, Gephyrea, etc., from various

Regions.

2. Recent Additions to the British Marine Polycheta (continued).

1. On new and rare Polycheta, Gephyrea, efc.,

from various Reyions.

Or the pelagic forms related to the Phyllodocidx

Mr. Southern has added to the British Fauna Maupasia

ceca, Viguier, which has a head with slender tentacles and

two pairs of tentacular cirri of equal length. The foot is

short and blunt, the dorsal and ventral cirri projecting

beyond the tip. ‘he dorsal cirrus is foliaceous, the ventral

long and slender. The bristles are more slender and

elongate than those of the type, and the terminal piece

rests on a process considerably within the tip of the shaft,

which is pointed. The terminal piece is very slender. It

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, ix. 1

2 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

occurred in a tow-net at 411 fathoms off the West Coast

of Ireland (Southern). Another addition is Haliplenes magna,

Southern, from the same region, a pelagic form in which

the head is rounded in front ; dorsal tentacles as long as the

head is wide, and slightly larger than the ventral pair, which

are placed far back, just in front of the mouth. At the

base of the head dorsally is a wide collar, projecting laterally,

and continued on the ventral side behind the mouth. No

eyes. Body 3°6 mm. long; segments thirty-five; width

across the feet 1mm. Colour in spirit pale yellowish brown.

Foot with the pointed setigerous lobe projecting beyond the

cirri and the tip of the spine is just visible. The dorsal

cirrus is pear-shaped, the ventral bluntly conical. Bristles

with slightly curved shafts and a prominent process at the

tip. The terminal piece is long and slender, two to three

times as long as the free portion of the shaft (Southern).

A third pelagic type is Lopadorhynchus appendiculatus,

Southern, procured off the West Coast of Ireland in the

tow-net over 450 fathoms, The dorsal tentacles on the head

are twice as long as the ventral, which are not seen from the

dorsum, ‘The ventral tentacular cirri are somewhat longer

than the dorsal, and on the basal piece of the ventral is a

rudiment of the third pair. Body 13mm. long and 5mm.

wide, narrowed posteriorly ; segments twenty-three, of which

twenty-two are setigerous. Dorsally each segment is marked

by a transverse ridge running along the middle, so as to

have lozenge-shaped depressions in each intersegmental

area, and ridges also occur ventrally. Feet anteriorly

modified, but the typical foot occurs at the seventh, which

has a pointed setigerous lobe with a spine and a rounded

setigerous lamella with seventy-six compound bristles. The

dorsal cirrus is conical and larger than the ventral, the tips

of both being within that of the setigerous lobe. The

ventral cirrus has a filiform process at the tip and the

aperture of a multicellular gland near its base. Small

granules of dark purple pigment occur on the inner sides of

the cirri.

The same form was described by Prof. Fauvel as

L. uncinatus a few years later, and he emphasized the

presence of the hooked bristles in the first two feet by his

title to the species.

Humenia hystricis, sp. n.

Dredged on the Channel slope at Station 8, ‘ Porcupine’

Expedition, 1870, at a depth of 257-690 fathoms amidst a

fauna chiefly northern.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 3

A fragment devoid of the anterior region, resembling

a curved larva of an insect, of a rounded form and

apparently thickest posteriorly, for it tapers anteriorly,

where the segments are longer, and closely ringed through-

out the rest of its extent. Each segment bears two short

gills, thus differing from Humenia crassa or E. jefreysii, and

they are longest behind the middle and diminish in the

caudal region. They spring apparently from the posterior

edge of each segment-junction, and generally in the pre-

paration present a somewhat club-shaped outline (PI. I.

fig. 8) witha firm cuticular investment having a finely

granular hypoderm beneath. They are marked by transverse

strize, probably due to the circular fibres, whilst internally is

a large blood-vessel which may form a loop distally, though

the state of the specimen rendered this uncertain. Some

of the gills contained large granular cells, but the nature of

these has not been ascertained,

The segments (V1. IL. fig. 9) are simple—that is, without

rings,—each dorsally slightly overlapping the anterior edge of

the succeeding segment, and from the curve of the body the

dorsal antero-posterior diameter is wide, the ventral narrow.

The posterior segments become increasingly narrow and

terminate in the anus, which has beneath it two papille.

The dorsal surface of the body is convex, the ventral presents

a slightly flattened surface with a shallow groove posteriorly.

The cuticle, moreover, by dipping in formed a series of

reticulations, which here and there were arranged in long

rows.

A remarkable feature was the apparent absence of bristles,

no trace of which was observed until the fragments were

put in xylol, when a vertical row of minute poimts—appar-

ently the bases of bristles, though at first sight resembling

minute uncini—was observed. ‘The arrangement of the gills

at once distinguishes this species from Humenia crassa, Uirst.,

and E. jeffreysii, M‘I.

Eumenia caulleryii *, sp. n.

Dredged in an inland sea in Japan, lat. 83°48’ N. and

long. 183° 19’ E., in 26 fathoms, in 1874, by Capt. St. John,

and kindly forwarded by the late Dr, Gwyn Jeffreys,

Two complete examples resembling Humenia crassa, Mrst.,

in general appearance, but which had been rendered horny

by drying, were obtained, the ends especially suffering from

* Named after Prof. Maurice Caullery, of the Sorbonne, Paris, a

distinguished investigator of the Polychwts.

4 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

the desiccation. What appeared to be the anterior end

presented two rounded processes with a slit (mouth?) between

them. ‘This area was followed by six or seven narrow rings,

each increasipg on its predecessor. Behind these the seg-

ments were wider, aud by-and-by showed two rings. The

body seemed to be somewhat fusiform in outline, diminishing

at each end, the posterior region presenting narrower rings.

A groove occurred on each side anteriorly and probably

continued to the posterior region, but the condition of the

examples rendered this ambiguous. In this groove were

the branchize, which appeared to extend almost from end to

end, arising in front of the bristle-tufts and forming clavate

organs (in the dried condition) of some length. The state

of the specimen precluded absolute accuracy in this respect,

and also as to whether some may have been bifid. They

sprang from the anterior edge of the fold of the segment

somewhat below the bristle-tufts. The entire surface of the

body was covered with a tough (almost chitinous) cuticle

minutely reticulated, so that under a lens it resembled very

fine shagreen. Under the microscope rounded areas with a

definite rim appeared,

The pale golden bristles formed two separate tufts in each

segment, the dorsal consisting of long, tapering, simple

bristles (Pl. I. fig. 2) similar to those in Humenia crassa,

but having no bifid spinous forms amongst them.

The ventral tuft, again, has long bristles (Pl. I. fig. 1)

and the tip (Pl. LII. fig. 6) of similar shape, but closely

spinous throughout the distal third or more. When covered

with débris or the crystalline rods found in old spirit-prepa-

rations, these spines may be overlooked, though it was the

regularity of the crystalline rods which at first directed

attention to these spikes.

So far as known no Humenia or Lipobranchus presents

the features of this species, simple bristles finely tapered at

the tip and shorter bifid spinous bristles characterising the

known forms. Moreover, the presence of branchiz through-

out the body is another feature of moment, and in this it

avrees with 1. hystricis.

Genus FavuveLiopsis, nov.

Prostomium rudimentary ; cephalic region blunt, with

bristles on each side. Body definitely segmented, divisible

into anterior, middle, and posterior regions and grooved

ventrally. Dorsal and ventral bristles with a pear-shaped

papilla between them. The stouter anterior bristles present

a terminal hook.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. y

Fauveliopsis * challengeria, sp. n.

A remarkable form dredged by the ‘Challenger’ at

Station 157 on the 8rd March, 1874, at a depth of

1950 fathoms, presents features which appear to be unique

in the Polychets. It occupied a hard brownish tube with

black grains. The region in which it was found had a

bottom of Diatom ooze, and was characterised by such rare

forms as Trophonia wyvillei, M‘I., Pista abyssicola, M‘I., the

neighbouring area harbouring the equally rare Kphesia

antarctica, M‘I., Grubianella antarctica, M‘I., and Leena

antarctica, M‘I., all dwelling in the Diatom ooze.

The specimen (PI. II. figs. 1, 2, & 3) measures 17 mm. in

length, and is rounded, with a pale iridescent cuticle, the

marked annulation in front giving it some resemblance to a

small earthworm, though posteriorly the imperfect preser-

vation and partial collapse give a different aspect. The

anterior end is slightly bulbous with a ventral flexure, and

presents lateral bristles almost to the tip. The prostomium

appears to be rudimentary, and is indistinguishable in the

specimen ; the flattened ventral eminences on each side of

the mouth are probably related to the peristomium. Dorsally

the anterior margin is rounded, but ventrally the two flat-

tened eminences probably represent the palpi, the fissure

between them leading apparently to the mouth. ‘The outline

of the anterior region dorsally is somewhat ovoid (PI. II.

fig. 4), and a constriction occurs behind the first bristle-tuft.

The outline then enlarges to the median region and again

slightly diminishes posteriorly, where it ends in two acutely

pointed papille—after the manner of some Protodrili. The

tissues, however, in this region are pulpy. The body is very

definitely segmented, five bristle-tufts occurring in the ovoid

anterior region, then follows a narrow segment with a much

longer antero-posterior diameter, succeeded by others which

gradually widen transversely, the last diminishing also in

antero-posterior diameter. Next come two well-marked

narrower segments, likewise wide transversely, after which a

series of less distinct segments more than twenty in number

go to the posterior end.

Dorsally (Pl. II. fig. 1) the surface is smoothly rounded,

but ventrally (Pl. II. fig. 2) a median groove—commencing

at the mouth—runs backward until it is lost in the softened

posterior region. Laterally the body (Pl. II. fig. 3) is

marked by transversely elongated lozenge-shaped areas

* Named in honour of Prof, Fauvel, of Angers, who for many years

has suecessfully laboured at the Polychets.

6 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

between the bristle-tufts. Through the translucent posterior

region a moniliform alimentary canal passes backward to the

fissure between the caudal cones.

The bristles, of which there are about thirty-three pairs

on each side, are pale, though in the sun they sparkle with

metallic lustre, and are all directed forward—a feature most

boldly marked in the longer anterior forms, which, moreover,

are arranged in a dorsal and a ventral tuft. The first

bristles are close to the small median cephalic area, and

consist of a dorsal and a ventral series, with a clavate or

pear-shaped papilla (Pl. I. fig. 8) between them. Each has

three strong curved bristles, the stoutest with a terminal

curve or hook directed outward (Pl. LI. fig. 5 and Pl. III.

fig. 2) and two or three others (PI. I. fig. 7) more or less

hooked, but differently from the former, so that they

present irregularity in this respect. ‘The first five feet have

the strougest bristles, those which follow have longer

bristles without a hook at the tip, though slightly curved.

The posterior bristles (Pl. II. fig. 6) are shorter and more

slender.

The accompanying tube (PI. II. figs. 7 & 8) is firm and

hard, composed of brownish grains of sand, dotted all over

with black particles. It is somewhat rough externally, but

perfectly smooth internally, the mucoid lining presenting a

finely granular aspect with broken fibres and reticulated

structures like the tests of Diatoms and Radiolarians. The

innumerable broken fibres may be connected with Rhizo-

solenia, Such may have readily collected on the mucoid

surface during the feeding of the animal.

The strong simple bristles of this peculiar form recall

those of the Oligocheets or the anterior bristles of Sclerocheilus

—indeed, the Scalibragmide are characterised by the sim-

plicity of their bristles and the reduction of the prostomium ;

but their outline differs much from that of Fauveliopsis, and

they do not dwell in tubes. The bristles of this new species

offer, both in their structure and distribution, a rare condition

in the Polychets. The strongly hooked anterior forms are

evidently fitted for action in the soft ooze, the more slender

types posteriorly probably being useful during the move-

ments in the tube. Bereft of tentacles, as in Myriochele,

another deep-sea form, both are tubicolar. The mouth-parts

are akin to those of rada, and the anterior segmentation

is as distinct as that of the posterior region in Trophonia

glauca, Mgrn., whilst the brittle refractive bristles approach

those of this family (Chloreemidx) in general structure,

though not transversely striated. Whilst it bears certain

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 7

resemblances in the body and posterior bristles to Sagitella

opaca, Khlers *, one of the Typhloscolecidee, it differs wholly

in the cephalic region and other respects. On the whole,

Fauveliopsis appears to approach the Chloremide.

Brada gravieri, sp. X.

Trawled by the ‘Challenger’ at Station 158, considerably

south of Australia, lat. 50° 1’ 8., long. 128° 4’ E., in

Globigerina ooze, along with Hyalinecia benthaliana and

Grubianella antarctica, var. A small, somewhat elongate-

ovoid annelid, 5 mm. long by 2 mm. at its widest part

(Pl. I. fig. 4), the surface of which was uniformly

covered with a whitish coating like down, but on examina-

tion this was found to be a calcareous powder with fragments,

often rounded, of Globigerine on the papille of the surface,

and which partly fell off when touched, leaving a white

powder on the bottom of the vessel. The entire annelid,

both dorsaliy and ventrally, was thus coated, with the excep-

tion of the extruded proboscis. The extension of the con-

tinuous and dense villous coating, ventrally as well as

dorsally, distinguishes it from B. villosa, Rathke, from which

it also differs in shape. The entire surface is coated with

extremely long slender papillz, far exceeding proportionally

anything hitherto known in the group, and in this tangled

web the calcareous ooze lodges, besides coating the papille

with minute granules. So far as could be observed, they

seemed to be simple filamentous papille without special

differentiation at the top—that is, without a terminal dila-

tation. The muscles of the body-wall, both circular and

longitudinal, are well developed.

As far as could be ascertained, the dorsal bristles con-

sisted of a minute tuft (Pl. I. fig. 5) of translucent finely

tapered bristles, the tips of which were apt to bend; these had

the usual muscular fasciculi at their bases. Their minute

size is in bold contrast with the ventral series, most of

which had been broken. These consisted of proportionally

large, straight, translucent bristles (Pl. I. fig. 6 and Pl. III.

fig. 1, tip), which when entire must have projected con-

siderably on each side of the annelid, and may have supported

it in the soft Globigerina-ooze, if they did not aid in progres-

sion. They are thin-walled and in the preparation showed a

ridge, apparently from collapse. Their diameter at the widest

part exceeded that of the long slender papilla. No trace of

the transverse marks, so characteristic of the bristles of the

* Deut. Sud-Pol. Exped. 1901-3, p. 529, pl. xxxix. figs. 16 & 17,

8 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

Chlorcemide, was observed in either dorsal or ventral tufts,

and their thin-walled condition is noteworthy.

Trophonia sarsi, sp. n.

Dredged by the ‘Challenger’ at Station 156, near the

Antarctic Sea, 26th February, 1874, lat. 62° 26’, long.

95° 44’, at a depth of 1975 fathoms in Diatom ooze. This

form is one (of not a few examples of the Polychets) in

this great Expedition which has apparently not come under

the specific instructions for the preservation of marine

Invertebrates, since only fragments of skin, a piece contain-

ing several pulpy segments, pieces of the intestinal canal, and

the proboscis indicated the specimen. Thus it was put aside

for greater leisure than could be afforded for the preparation

of the ‘Challenger,’ vol. xii. It seems to have been an

annelid of some size, probably 2 inches or more in length,

and with a breadth at least of 3 to 4mm., the skin at the

feet bearmg numerous long clavate papille with slender

stems ending in bulbous tips, and the body appears to have

been more or less flattened posteriorly. So far as can be

ascertained from the pulpy fragments, it seems to be a

Chloreemid, but diverges in several particulars from any

known form.

As only fragments of skin and loose bristles or separated

groups of bristles were available, it was not easy to apportion

these to their respective sites—indeed, a certain ambiguity

still remains in this connection. It is not possible to say

whether the longer anterior bristles formed a cage as in

Trophonia plumosa and allied forms, as nothing in the

preparation indicated such. What appeared to be dorsal

tufts consisted of somewhat slender, smooth, translucent

bristles (Pl. III. fig. 3), tapering from the base almost imme-

diately to a long, fine, hair-like point. The inferior division

of the foot contains no less than three kinds of bristles.

The most conspicuous is a group of much elongated, slightly

golden bristles (Pl. III. fig. 4.@) with thin walls like those

of Brada graviert which stretch far outward from the foot,

and which are easily bent and broken like those of the

species Just mentioned. The base is broad and apparently

flattened, and they taper almost from this distally and end

in a delicately tapered point. Some isolated bristles of this

kind were much larger and longer than the example sketched,

but the region to which they belonged could not be ascer-

tained. The largest, like those of Brada gravieri, were apt

to collapse in Farrant’s solution and present a keel. Some

Gatly Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 9

were shorter, with broader bases and more rapidly tapered

tips (Pl. III. fig. 4d).

The second kind of bristles are long, straight, and more

slender (Pl. III. figs. 5 & 6), more needle-like in shape,

and minutely serrated throughout the distal half, the

basal region being smooth and translucent, the tip finely

tapered and devoid of spikes. The latter are apparently

whorled, and thus slightly oblique lines cross the bristle.

This marked differentiation of the tip is rare in the Poly-

chets, the serrations, as a rule, gradually becoming less and

less and finally disappearing. Here the transition is abrupt.

The third kind of bristles are remarkable in a Chlorcemid,

for they are large, translucent, thin-walled bristles, quite

visible to the naked eye, curved at the tip and ending in a

blunt hook with a secondary process beneath, as in certain

Polynoide, Sigalionidz, and Macrocheta, whilst the convex

outline is double (showing that the tissue is here thicker)

and very minutely serrated (PI. III. figs.7 & 8). The double

contour of the serrated or convex edge indicates a thicker wall.

A developing tip or two generally occur in the tuft, the bifid

tip and a short portion of the shaft being present.

The separated proboscis is a cup-shaped muscular organ,

and like the gut was filled with whitish ooze crowded with

tests of Diatoms, spicules of sponges, and a few Radiolarians.

Melinna buskii*, sp. n.

A pulpy and fragmentary Melinna was dredged by the

‘Chailenger’ at Station 157, on March 8rd, 1874, in

1950 fathoms, in the midst of the Diatom ooze, considerably

south of Australia—a region, indeed, conspicuous for its

novelties. Unfortunately, its condition was so unpromising

that it was put aside during the pressure of the ‘ Challenger’

work.

The anterior region in the softened example had lost its

branchiz, and only shreds of the tentacles remained. It is

uncertain whether the free dorsal rim of the fourth segment

had other than the smooth edge it now shows. The number

of the bristle-tufts is probably seventeen, though only

fourteen or fifteen could be seen, as the body was in two

pieces and part absent. The bristles are powerful golden

structures, tapering distally, with narrow wings and standing

prominently on setigerous processes.

Posteriorly the body tapers a little and ends in an anus

* Named after the late distinguished zoologist, Prof. G. Busk.

10 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

with two long slender cirri. The sides have a series of

somewhat slender lamellae for the hooks.

The hooks (Pl. I. fig. 10) differ from any form described,

the outline being triangular with a straight posterior border

ending inferiorly in a process (probably for a ligament) and

a gently curved base. ‘The anterior edge has five teeth,

which increase in size from above downward, the gulf below

the last being rather small, and the prow has an oblique

front edge giving it a somewhat truncated appearance.

Their general shape agrees with that of Melinna cristata,

though the straight posterior outline, the number of teeth,

and the shape of the prow diverge.

The tube is soft (woolly in aspect), tears like soaked

cotton, and is made up of a vast series of minute Diatoms,

slender sponge-spicules, a few Radiolarians bound in a mass

by the secretion of the annelid, not as usual in definite

internal and external layers, but forming a cotton-like mass

of a certain toughness.

A fragmentary Oligochet, Hemitubifex benedeni*, Beddard

(Clitellio ater, Claparéde), was procured between tide-marks

at the East Rocks, St. Andrews, in 18638, the entire surface

of which was densely covered with greenish papillae, but

only the posterior region was secured. Hach segment has

a slender tapering bristle and a stouter simple crotchet,

hooked and tapered at the tip (Pl. I. fig. 9). In the

preparation the posterior concavity of the hook is directed

forward, and anteriorly the crotchets are less curved, as

shown by comparing a posterior crochet (Pl. I. fig. 10) with

the foregoing (fig. 9). When magnified (850) the surface

of the cuticle resembles shagreen from the dense coating of

the greenish papilla. The posterior region is tapered toward

the tail, and this region has numerous thecate Infusoria of

an elongate vase-shape attached by a pedicle. Such would

indicate that the tail is more or less free, as in the case

of Tubifex rivulorum. I am indebted to Dr. Beddard for

identifying this form and aiding me with references,

Dalzell + describes Lumbricus hirsutus as covered with

hairs, from the coast of Fife, with a pencil of bristles in each

segment, but this differs in colour, the anterior region being

whitish and the posterior dull red or umber.

* Monogr. Oligochet. p. 261 ; see also Proc. Zool. Soc, 1888, p. 485.

+ Pow, Creat. vol. ii. p. 140.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, 11

Gephyrean? A. Ina tow-net at 600 fathoms, during the

work of the ‘Triton,’ on the 20th August, 1882, a minute,

badly preserved form occurred in the débris. Little more

could be made out of the specimen than that it was a

minute slender annelid in a pulpy condition, yet at one end °

it presented under the microscope two groups of remarkable

bristles, unknown in the history of the Polychets, so far as

can be ascertained. These consisted of comparatively large

curved bristles (Pl. III. fig. 9), one end terminating in a

blunt point, the other gradually dilating into a broad blade

with an oblique base, the dilated region which appears to be

thin having a series of oblique striz, which in some views

simulate fibres. These bristles are evidently hollow, with

comparatively thin walls, especially at the base, and the

membranous central region may readily be thrown into

striz by the solution. ‘The convex outline presents a double

margin, as if the chitimous tissue were thicker there.

The structure of these bristles is peculiar, and it may

be they belong to the Gephyrea, though the minute and

elongated outline resembles that of an Oligochete. The

condition of the specimen, however, is most imperfect.

Before mounting in Farrant’s solution it was thought that

somewhat triangular, diaphanous hooks appeared in the

softened tissues, but none could be detected thereafter. One

hooked bristle, however, was observed (Pl. III. fig. 10), with

the same thin shaft as the larger bristles figured, but a

peculiar separation or modification of the inner layer of the

bristle appears to have taken place near the tip, the central

axis remaining entire. Such a type of bristle has no con-

nection with the large forms with the expanded bases.

All are exceedingly diaphanous. These brief notes may be

sufficient for the identification of the form by subsequent

observers.

Another peculiar form, apparently Gephyrean, and which

may be termed Phascolosoma lankestert*, was dredged in the

‘Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870, in 60-160 fathoms, east of

Cape de Gatte. It inhabited a clear soft tube resembling

that of Placostegus. It is a small form (Pl. II. fig. 11),

barely half an inch in length, of a pale yellowish colour,

nearly cylindrical in outline, but having a long process,

widened at its extremity anteriorly, whilst posteriorly it is

rounded and papillose. On each side of the base of the long

* In honour of my old and distinguished friend Sir E. Ray Lankester,

K.C.B. The Phascolosoma ohlina of Théel (Swedish Antarct. Hxped.

1911, p. 29) presents similar papillz posteriorly, but differs in other

respects.

12 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

anterior process is a tuft of translucent bristle-like fibres,

probably caused by rupture. The free extremity of the

elongated anterior process presents an irregular edge from

low papille, but whether it represents an introvert can only

be conjectured. At its base is an elongated and apparently

tubular structure, which may have issued from the body

at the bristle-like fibres. In certain views (Pl. III. fig. 11)

the basal region of the long anterior process is asymmetrical,

probably when seen laterally. No fold or break occurs in

the outline as the process leaves the body, and its sides are

perfectly smooth. The widest part is at the base, as shown

in the figure; it then is nearly cylindrical for some distance,

and again slightly widens as it approaches the bulbous end,

which in the position occupied in the figure is not quite

symmetrical. So far as observed, only longitudinal muscular

fibres are present in the process, and the cuticle must be

extremely thin as there is no sign of it laterally. In the

centre of the process is a granular tube occupying more than

half its diameter.

The body is invested by a tough cuticle, with papille here

and there and the group already mentioned at the posterior

end (Pl. IL. fig. 12). The circular fibres beneath are fairly

developed throughout and the longitudinal layer is powerful.

Enclosed in the body-cavity were many ova of various sizes,

the smallest presenting the appearance of naked granular

cells with a large nucleus and nucleolus, the larger having a

tough, apparently chitinous capsule. ‘The bristle-like fibres

of the anterior end seem to have been due.to rupture and

the spreading out of the stiff tapering muscular fibres.

2. Recent Additions to the British Marine Polycheta

(continued).

In 1908* it was stated that no member of the Alciopide

had yet been met with in British waters, but there was no

reason why such should not be found, e.9., “‘ off the southern

shores of England and the West Coast of Ireland.” The

skill and perseverauce of those on board the Irish Fisheries’

ship ‘ Helga,’ indeed, shortly afterwards added no less than

five species to the British Fauna from the surface of the

deep water off the West Coast of Ireland. It was Greef

who first in modern times brought the group into notice,

and he was followed by Hering. Both divided the Alciopide

into two main groups, the former using the head, feet,

bristles, and proboscis as the leading features of distinction,

%* Monograph,’ vol. il. part i. p. 112.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 13

the latter the colour, the tentacles and cirri, the head,

feet, and their appendages as the bases for classification.

Apstein, again, forms his two main groups on the structure

of the bristles, subdividing by aid of the structure of the

feet into eight genera, viz.: <Alciopa, Asterope, Vanadis,

Greefia, Callizonella, Corynocephalus, Rhynchonerella, and

Callizona. Itis noteworthy that almost all were found either

over or in the midst of very deep water, probably in the

line of the Gulf Stream. The group is closely allied to the

Phyllodocide, and some make it a subfamily of the latter.

The first of these is Vanadis formosa, Claparéde, a com-

paratively large species measuring 30 cm. in length, with a

breadth of 5 mm. and two hundred and twenty segments.

Female with four seminal pouches. It was procured on the

West Coast of Ireland in the mid-water trawl in deep water,

though also in 5 fathoms (Southern). The second is

Greefia reynaudi, Audouin & Edwards, also a widely dis-

tributed form in the great oceans. It occurred both in

mid-water and at the surface over great depths. The third

is Callizona angelini, Kinberg, procured in the tow-net near

great depths. Southern identifies this form with C. grudet.

The fourth is Callizona setosa, Greef, captured at the sur-

face near a depth of 480 fathoms. ‘The fifth is Callizona

-nasula, Greef, obtained in the mid-water trawl between 600

and 700 fathoms,

In the family of the Eunicidee Marphysa fallax, Marion &

Bobretzky, was found under a stone at Bananagh, Blacksod

Bay (Southern). Elsewhere it occurs at Marseilles (Marion

& Bobretzky) ; Dinard, France (De St. Joseph). Marion and

Bobretzky observe that the compound bristles with the bifid

tips differ from those of Jf. sanguinea, and that the dental

apparatus also diverges from that of the latter species, in so

_ far as six denticulations occur on the maxille. Southern

notes four ventral cirri on the anal segment and three spines

in the ventral division of the foot. De St. Joseph found

his examples in the dredge, and with a coloration ap-

proaching that of Lysidice ninetta. They were small, viz.,

15 mm. in length. Its bristles resemble those of Marphysa

belli, but it differs im regard to the branchiz and in the

form of the head.

Armandia flagellifera, one of the Opheliide, was captured

in a tow-net at night near the entrance to Ballyunakill

Harbour ; dredged in 11 fathoms in mud, Galway Bay

14 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

(Southern). The cephalic region tapers to a slender point,

which does not show a clavate tip. The extruded proboscis

is furnished with thirteen slender papille (Southern).

Nuchal organ conspicuous on each side in the front of the

first bristle-bundle. The body is fully 12 mm. long, tapered

at both ends, but nearly of uniform diameter throughout the

rest of its extent. It is rounded dorsally, deeply grooved

ventrally from the snout to the anal funnel. Setigerous

segments thirty-three, each with three rings, and each ring

biannulate (Southern). The dorsal cirri are filiform and

fairly long. An eye-speck is situated behind each foot, from

the fourth to the nineteenth, and each consists of small

spheres of pigment or a single mass (Southern). In lateral

view the body abruptly narrows to the anual funnel, which is

a flattened tube with a dorsal opening posteriorly. The

margin of the funnel is papillose posteriorly, Southern

describing the opening as projecting in four lobes, each

bearing a fusiform papilla. A long slender cirrus, nearly

twice as long as the anal funnel, arises from the ventral base

in front of the funnel.

The feet occupy the upper and outer border of the ridges

made by the ventral longitudinal muscles. The setigerous

lobe is rounded, and bears superiorly the long subulate

cirrus in which at least one blood-vessel is present, then .

a tuft of simple capillary bristles ; ventrally a similar tuft

of bristles and a small, somewhat clavate, ventral cirrus

(Southern).

In the Scalibregmidee Asclerocheilus mtermedius, De St.

Joseph, was dredged by Southern in Blacksod Bay and

other places on the West Coast of Ireland. It is a small

species, measuring about 2 or 3 mm., the anterior end

being distinguished by two rounded processes with a de-

pression between. ‘The body is somewhat fusiform in outline,

slightly tapered anteriorly and abruptly so posteriorly.

Body apparently has about twenty segments. So far as

seen, no ventral cirrus is present and no eyes*. ‘I he ventral

hooks of the second segment have a marked curve backward

(sickle-like) at the tip, and terminate in sharp, not attenuate,

points. The upper bristles of the second segment are capil-

lary, with finely tapered, long points. The posterior bristles

are more elongate. Apparently tranverse rows of opaque

glands occur posteriorly in each segment.

* The eyes are probably deep-seated, as in S. minutus. Vide the

elaborate research by A. and L. Dehorne, Arch. Zool, Expér. t, hii.

pp. 61-187, pls. iv.—vii. (1918).

a aes el

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 15

Spherodorum claparedii, Greef, and S. minutum, Webster

& Benedict, examples of the Sphzrodoridz, come also from

the West Coast of Ireland (Southern). The former appears

to be so closely allied to S. minutum that hesitation is felt

in separating them. The bristles of this and S. minutum

differ very little, and the only other feature which was noticed

was the more regular arrangement and size of the papilla in

S.minutum. SS. claparedii may be a young form developing

reproductive elements. The material at hand, for which |

have to thank Mr. Southern, did not suffice to afford a satis-

factory conclusion, and, therefore, his description was alone

available.

In the family of the Paraonide, Cerruti, besides the

Aricidea jefreysii, M‘Intosh, already described, the Paraonis

(Aricidea 7) lyra of Southern has to be added, from the

surface tow-net in Galway and Dingle Bays. The specimens

range from 12-20 mm. and from ninety to one hundred

and five bristled segments. In this the head is somewhat

bluntly conical, with a low rounded papilla bearing stiff

cilia on the tip, and having yellowish pigment. Nuchal

orgaus brownish, large and conspicuous, sloping obliquely

backward and inward from the mid-lateral region. Body

widest in the middle, tapering toward each end, 20 mm.

long, and with ninety-five to one hundred and five seg-

ments. Three anterior segments have capillary bristles and

small dorsal cirri, but the latter gradually increase in size

and are long and slender in the posterior segments. Anal

segment rounded, with three slender subulate cirri—two

dorso-lateral and one median ventral ; a pair of cirri fixed

to the anterior border, but may represent the last pair of

dorsal cirri. Anteriorly the dorsal and ventral bristles are

almost equal in length, and continue so to the posterior end

in the immature, but in the mature male the ventral increase

in length about the fifteenth to twentieth segment, whilst

the dorsal become shorter. The bristles of the male are

more prominent than in the female, exceeding the width of

body, especially posteriorly. The dorsal cirri are placed

behind the fascicle of bristles. Capillary bristles slender,

devoid of wings, and the longer ventral bristles in the male

are striated longitudinally. On the lower side of the front

row of the dorsal tuft are one to three short bristles with

lyrate tips, one end being longer than the other, and with a

row of spines on its inner margin; this type commences

in the fourth segment and continues to the tail. In the

fourth foot the dorsal bristles are slightly longer than the

ventral ; in the fiftieth foot tle ventral are thrice as long.

16 Prof. M‘TIntosh’s Notes from the

In the male the upper ventral bristles are longer and thicker,

as well as longitudinally striated—a condition not present in

the female. In the eightieth foot the differences between

the dorsal and ventral bristles is less pronounced. Red ova

appear in the female in the twentieth segment, usually four

in each (Southern).

In the family of the Cheetopteridze it was mentioned that

tubes of Spiochetopterus typicus, Sars, had been procured

in St. Andrews Bay, and since in Loch Linnhe.

Hach segment posteriorly in the sole imperfect example

secured (Loch Linnhe) has dorsally a pair of setigerous pro-

cesses bearing a group of about four bristles, with long

shafts and flattened spear-like tips. Two flaps or lamelle

occur laterally below the foregoing, and bear very trans-

parent hooks, the outline of which is somewhat triangular,

with a round apex, a thickened anterior margin, which is

probably minutely serrated, though in the preparations such

was not seen, and ending inferiorly in a short main fang.

The transparence of these organs renders it difficult to make

out their outlines, and they escaped Sars.

Phyllochetopterus anglicus, Potts, was discovered by

Mr. Potts at Plymouth in 1913, and though it presents

close relationships with forms he had met with on the

Pacific coast of Canada, and appears to be intermediate

between P. prolifera aud P. socialis, Clap., yet he considers

that it merits specific distinction, not only because the

tubes run parallel, and are not, as a rule, adherent,

though connected, but for the morphological characters of

the animal. Further investigations, however, in view of the

cosmopolitan distribution of many similar forms, and the

necessity of allowing a wide margin for variations, may tend

to minimise the present differences shown in the careful and

well-illustrated description of Potts.

The British species appears to live in water of some depth

south of the Eddystone, and had been captured by trawlers.

In connection with the structure of the peristomial ap-

pendages, Potts considers that, since the second pair contain,

as Claparéde pointed out in P. socialis, afew slender capillary

bristles, they may represent the modified dorsal division of

the foot of the segment.

While giving a full description of the bristles, Potts does

not give details of the minute hooks, which escaped both

Sars and Grube. ‘They are very minute translucent struc-

tures, somewhat conical in. outline, with a long curved

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 17

anterior margin most minutely serrated, the serrations

readily escaping detection even under high powers. The

posterior border is concave, and the base is convex in front,

concave posteriorly (O.G. curve).

Potts considers that the conical peristomium is primitive,

and that the formation of the peristomial funnel is a direct

adaptation to microphagous habits. The prostomium is a

definite structure, but varies in the several species, being

better developed in some than in others. It is_ better

developed in P. anglicus than in P. elioti, Crossland, from

Zanzibar.

In the Spionide, Southern found Pygospio seticornis

(Cirsted) on the West Coast of Ireland, and observed that it

differs from what he had described in the ‘ Proceedings of the

Royal Irish Academy’ as Spio seticornis, Fabricius, from

Clare Island. In Pygospio seticornis the head is bluntly

bifid, though when seen laterally it is conical. The

branchiz commence on the first or second segment, and are

large about the twelfth or thirteenth. The tail ends in

two larger and two small cirri, somewhat like Pygospio

elegans ; though in one example the four caudal cirri were

about equal. What was sent as a young specimen presented

only two ovate lobes at the tail. The anterior bristles are

stouter and more boldly curved, with ascoop-shaped lamella

in front of them, whilst those at the tail are as usual in the

group and nearly straight. There are five or six tufts of

these.

The hooded hooks commence on the seventh bristled seg-

ment, and are more boldly curved about the anterior third.

There can be little doubt about Cérsted’s form being a

Pygospio. It is not the Nereis seticornis of O. Fabricius.

(Hrsted describes the species as having two series of

parallel eyes, the tentacles not alternate; the segments

devoid of black pigment; ligulate branchiz in the middle

of the body, but diminishing and disappearing at eitlicr

extremity.

This form closely resembles Pygospio elegans, Claparede,

with the exception of the arrangement of the branchiz, and

has been a puzzle to many students of the group. It is in

need of careful re-exanmnation. Leschke gives an account

of two stages of what he considers to be the pelagic larvae,

which occur likewise in British waters, though their identity

has not been satisfactorily tested.

Spio martinensis, Mesnil, comes from Dublin, Clew, and

Blacksod Bays, Ireland (Southern). This is a much larger

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 2

18 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

form than Spio gattyi, and the aspect differs. The head is

characteristically trilobed, a rounded median lobe projecting

in front and supported by two lateral lobes a little further

back. ‘Two eyes occur toward the posterior border of the

head. In lateral view the snout is bluntly conical, the

central or prostomial region being nail-like and the mouth

opening a little behind the tip. A short median tentacle

occurs on the prostomium and a brief ridge appears to be

continued a short distance backward to end in a small process

or tentacle. The body is slightly narrowed anteriorly,

is more distinctly diminished posteriorly, and ends in

four foliaceous lobes or cirri. It is flattened both dorsally

and ventrally, the upper surface carrying the branchiz and.

the ventral surface being marked anteriorly by lines of dark

pigment on the terminal region behind the mouth, and with a

dark line in the middle of each segment-junction for ten or

twelve segments following.

The first segment bears a broad sabre-shaped branchia,

which overlaps its fellow of the opposite side behind the

snout. It has a single lobe, the longer margin being

inferior, and a tuft of finely tapered bristles which show

a narrow margin distally on each side. Above these is a

shorter tuft, slightly differmg in direction. The second

foot has a similar ventral lobe, a tuft of curved bristles,

and, in addition, a superior lobe confluent with the branchia

and carrying a tuft of longer bristies, finely tapered, but less

curved distally. At the tenth foot the ventral lamella is

elongated vertically with its upper margin deepest, and

separated by a narrow cleft from the dorsal, which fuses

with the edge of the branchiz—the whole forming a broad

flat blade. The bristles have the same structure. At the

twentieth foot the vertical elongation of the ventral lobe is

marked, and the lower half bears a row of hooks, which have

a bold curve at the junction of the shaft with the neck,

then slightly diminishes upward to the main fang, which

makes more than a right angle with the neck, is long and

sharp, with a spike above it, and has a wing on each side.

The upper dorsal bristles are longer and more slender. At

the fortieth foot the branchia is shorter and_ broader,

and the upper group of the bristles much elongated and

very finely tapered. The ventral hooks are similar.

In 1896 Mesnil established the genus Nerinides for

De St. Joseph’s Nerine longirostris, in which the pro-

stomium was without frontal processes. The branchize

extended from the second setigerous segment, and these

sense hled

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 19

were about the length of the dorsal lamellz. There were

no hooked bristles, and the ventral division of the foot has

no hollow. An anal sucker. The first species 1s Nerinides

longirostris, De Quatrefages, from Blacksod Bay (Southern).

The head is acutely pointed, with a median ridge,

which runs backward to the third segment, on which four

eyes in a square are placed, and the sides have a flattened

process (peristomiuin), from which project a pair of short

tentacles of a golden-yellow colour, and these when separated

retain vitality for three days (De St. Joseph). Beneath

them is a ciliated groove with pigment-granules, and possibly

with urticating elements (De St. Joseph). The tentacles,

as in allied forms, aid in procuring nourishment. body

10 em. long and 8 mm. broad, slightly tapered anteriorly,

and more so posteriorly, where it ends in a dorsal anus

with a multilobed ciliated border not surrounded by cirri.

The colour is rose-red anteriorly (probably from the blood-

vessels), but from the fortieth segment, or thereabout, the

posterior region is dull green, almost blackish, but near

the vent the intestine is yellowish, and is usually filled with

Rissoa parva. The first segment carries a branchia, and has

a dorsal and a ventral division with bristles. There are two

lamellee, the posterior larger than in WN. foliosa and bordering

the branchia. Behind the anterior lamella is a flattened

disc with a tuft of bristles similar to the inferior lamella,

but longer. From the thirty-third to the forty-fifth segment,

according to the size of the individual, the inferior division

bears two or three bifid and hooded hooks, which by-and-by

increase in number to about twenty, and at the ventral

border a few wingless capillary bristles. Simultaneously,

the posterior lamella forms a margin only to the first part

of the branchia, which also is smaller. The feebly winged

bristles persist to the posterior end in the dorsal division,

but without accompanying hooks. In the last twelve or

thirteen segments the branchiz progressively diminish and

disappear.

Mesnil and Caullery * (1917) describe this species as dimor-

phic, some eggs developing to typical Spionid larvae, whilst

others in the spawn-mass develop directly without a pelagic

stage. Moreover, in the latter case cannibalism occurs, the

authors assigning the title adelphophagy to the condition

(the poecilogony of Guard). De St. Joseph met with

Trichodina pediculus as a parasite on the branchiz ; whilst in

the interior of the branchiz and the tentacles he found

* Compt. Kend, clxy. p. 284.

20 Prof, M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

encysted Distomes, which might have been introduced by

the Rissoe.

The second species 1s Nerinides tridentata, Southern *, from

Blacksod Bay in Laminarian roots. The snout is pointed,

with a median ridge which in lateral view forms two divi-

sions—an piberior: less elevated and a posterior terminating

in the more or less adnate tentacle. In the line between

the two divisions are the four black eyes arranged in a trans-

verse row. The mouth opens inferiorly, and the extruded

proboscis is bell-shaped and smooth. The tentacles were

absent in the example kindly sent by Mr. Southern, but he

describes them as “short, thick, and firmly adherent, of a

deep chocolate colour.”

The body is nearly an inch in length (16-20 mm.) in life,

tapered a little in front and more distinctly diminished

posteriorly, where it terminates in two small rounded lobes,

a slight dorsal process indicating the upper edge of the anus.

Segments 61-70 short anteriorly, wider in the middle region.

Dorsal surface flattened, ventral rounded.

The first foot has a small conical papilla or cirrus, and a

single (ventral) tuft of translucent bristles with a well-

marked curve at the commencement of the tip. If wings

are present they are very narrow. The second part bears

dorsally a small branchia curved inward, the dorsal lamella

being fused to“it and ending inferiorly in a truncate edge.

A tuft of finely tapered translucent bristles spreads lke a

fan upward and outward. The upper bristles of the tuft are

longer and more delicately tapered, and the wings in these

are less distinct than in the shorter and thicker forms at the

lower edge. The inferior division has a bluntly rounded

lamella and a shorter tuft of bristles with traces of wings.

At the tenth foot the branchia is larger, forming a broad,

flat, curved process, the soldered lamella of the superior lobe

ending inferiorly in an edge which projects less than the

upper margin of the ventral lamella. The dorsal tuft of

bristles has the same structure as in the second, only they

are in two rows, are longer and stronger, and the tips

less elongated. The lamella of the inferior division has

increased in depth, and the bristles are proportionally

longer and still stouter than the dorsal. Both tufts have

a distal curve. Southern describes a group of three slender

striated setee on the lower margin of the ventral bundle.

* Proc. R. Irish Acad. vol. xxxi. No, 47, p. 98, pl. x. fig. 23 a-s.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 21

Hooks appear in the ventral divisions of fifteenth to

sixteenth foot. At the twentieth foot the branchia retains a

similar shape and is still large, with the dorsal lamella on

its outer edge. The bristles are similar to those in front.

Ventrally the lamella has much increased in depth, and is

separated only by a short gap from the dorsal, where its

breadth is greatest, for it diminishes ventrally. From its

lower edge fully half its border is occupied by hooks, which

are closely arranged inferiorly, but have more space

superiorly. The shaft of the hook dilates from the base

upward to the bold forward curvature, when it slightly

diminishes to the neck, from which the proportionally large

main fang comes off at a little more than a right angle. A

single spike (in lateral view) occurs on the crown. Distinct

wings guard the tip of the hook, which is thus in reality

hooded. The lamella of the feet are most prominent in the

posterior part of the body, and thus differ from those of

N. longirostris, and the latter lives in clean sand, whereas

N. tridentata frequents Laminarian roots (Southern).

In the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ ser. 8,

vol. iii., February 1909*, a form from the ‘ Porcupine’

Hxpedition of 1869 was alluded to under the title of Sculeco-

lepis (1). This has now been definitely termed S. /amellata,

with the following characters :—

Head with an even transverse margin in front, a short

blunt tentacle at each angle, and from the centre a short

elevated region proceeds backwards to end in a small pro-

cess which is pointed posteriorly like an adherent tentacle.

Minute eyes seem to be present on each side of the latter,

but the condition of the specimen renders accurate deter-

mination uncertain. The whole region is short, and the

proboscis is thrust out as a short cylinder with a crenate

margin. Body fragmentary, flattened, slightly and abruptly

tapered anteriorly, and with a median band ventrally. The

segments are narrow and numerous. The first foot carries

a subulate branchia and a large lanceolate lamella projecting

freely upward nearly as far as the branchia. The latter

remains subulate at the fiftieth foot. Dorsal bristles of the

first foot slender, long, and finely tapered, and the ventral

are also long and slender. Behind the tenth foot the bristles

are similar and of a dull golden colour. The ventral bristles

form two groups, viz., upper finely tapered forms and a lower

series of shorter broader bristles overlapping the former,

* P.176,

22 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

and with acute tips. At the fiftieth foot a notch separates

the two divisions, and the modified ventral bristles have

a sharp and slightly hooked point minutely dotted under a

high power.

This is a fragmentary form, yet with such definite charac-

ters as to render its identification easy.

The first foot carries a subulate branchia and a large

lanceolate layella. The ventral division also has a lanceo-

late process, and the bristles in both are long and slender.

From the shape of the body the lamellae and bristles occupy

the dorso-lateral edge, so that the branchise, which readily

fall off, pass transversely inward over the flattened dorsum.

At the tenth foot the ventral lamella forms a broad, almost

semicircular flap, with a tendency to a peak inferiorly. The

ventral series of shorter broader bristles overlap the finely

tapered ferms stretching outward along the lamella.

The branchiz remain subulate at the twenty-fifth foot, and

stretch beyond the elongated upper lamella, which is acutely

lanceolate. superiorly, its outer edge being comparatively

even till it curves inward inferiorly. The ventral lamella

forms a blunt flap with the bristles in the groups just men-

tioned. At the fiftieth foot the branchia is still rather long

and subulate, and the upper lamella is prominent and

rounded inferiorly, whilst superiorly it is acutely lanceolate.

The upper bristles of the dorsal series are long, slender, and

finely tapered. A notch separates the two divisions of the

foot. The ventral lamella is also prominent and rounded,

generally with a short peak. The modified bristles ventrally

show a sharp and slightly hooked point, minutely dotted

under a high power. No wings are visible in either dorsal

or ventral bristles.

Anew British species is Aonides paucibranchiata, Southern *,

from Clew Bay and Berehaven. The snout is acute, though

less abruptly so than in A. oxycephala, and it is prolonged

backward to end in a peak. Four eyes occur posteriorly,

the anterior pair having a larger space between them. The

body, though mueh smaller, ‘has a similar form to that of

A. oxycep hala, and it bears about ten gills anteriorly,

the branchial region being thus different from that of the

common form, in which “the gills appear to be closer in

the preparations, though that may be caused by the methods

adopted in preservation. In the seventy-cighth foot the

dorsal division contains four hooks and six capillary sete.

* Proc. R. I. Acad. vol. xxxi. No. 47, p. 100, pl. xi. fig. 24 a—x,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 7

The ventral division has seven hooks and four capillary

bristles, the two ceutral being longer and stouter than the

others. The lamelle have long, finger-shaped, amber-

coloured glands,

The tail of A. ovycephala in the examples from Herm is

small, and has dorsally two short conical lobes, whilst be-

neath are about eight smaller conical cirri, whereas in this

species there are but two pairs of anal cirri.

Besides the additional Spionids mentioned in the

‘Annals’ for January 1915, another form, viz., Magelona

rosea, Moore, has been dredged by Mr. Southern in Killary

Harbour in mud. In this the prostomium and peristomium

are coalesced to form the broad ovoid head (in spirit), with

dorsal cephalic ridges tapering to acute points, which diverge

anteriorly. Peristomium with prominent lateral lobes ; ten-

tacular cirri arising laterally with papillee, which increase in

length distally. Proboscis soft, bulbous, with parallel strize.

Body slender, depressed, tapering and subquadrate anteriorly,

40 mm. long; segments about ninety-five. Ninth bristled

segment with tapering simple bristles*. Pygidium small,

oblique, with anus dorsal, covered by a broad flat papilla,

and with posteriorly a pair of small sleader cirri. Colour

translucent white, intestine buff or greenish brown, pharynx

salmon-pink. In sand at and below water. Nearly ripe in

August.

The larvae have been described by Fewkes as Prionospio

tenuis, from Newport, and by Andrews from Beaufort, N.C.,

and Wood’s Hole.

Under the family of the Cirratulide, Cirratulus chiajii,

M‘Intosh, has been subsequently described as Cirradulus

norvegicus, De Quatrefages, but Della Chiaje had long

before termed it Lumbricus filigerus and Cirratulus filigerus, so

that if priority held such would be its title. It is perhaps

doing no injustice to De Quatrefages or other author by

giving it the title C. chiajii after its early investigator.

A form termed Cirratulus norvegicus in the ‘ Annals’ for

February 1911 +, has since that date been named Cirratulus

mcintosht by Southernt, who found it in Inishlyre,

Kallary, and Bofin harbours. It is interesting to find this

Norwegian species in British waters.

* Unfortunately, the specimen sent by Mr. Southern had no ninth

segment.

t+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. vii. p. 171.

t Proc. R. I. Acad. vol. xxxi. No. 47, p. 110,

24 Prof. M‘Tntosh’s Motes from the

Macrocheta clavicornis, Sars, was procured between tide-

marks in Blacksod Bay, and dredged elsewhere on the West

Coast of Ireland (Southern). The head is distinctly defined,

with a median process to the blunt snout, and four large eyes

arranged nearly transversely, the larger being external.

T'wo clavate palpi arise from the peristomial segment; four

pairs of somewhat clavate cirri from the next four segments.

The body is from 0°75 to 1 cm., somewhat spindle-shaped

in spirit, and densely covered with papilla. Tufts of long

translucent bristles with minute spines occur dorsally, whilst

ventrally are peculiar, flattened, large, transparent, and arti-

culated hooks and bifid tips. Its wide distribution is shown

by its occurrence in Norway and Madeira. In general

aspect, at first sight, this form resembles a Chloremid, and

it has a densely papillose skin and long, slightly spinose

bristles. The papille agree in minute structure with those

of the Chloremids, and mud and sand occur in the inter-

stices. The pigmented anterior region ends bluntly, with

a median process, somewhat like the central apparatus of

Stylarioides arenosa. The four eyes, arranged nearly trans-

versely, are very distinct. The example, kindly sent by

Mr. Southern, is mature, since the posterior region had

many large ova. The alimentary canal harboured Opaline

with two vacuoles.

Marion and Bobretzky * (1875) describe Heterocirrus

frontifilis, Grube, from Marseilles, which, in many respects,

agrees with Macrocheta.

In the family of the Halelminthide is Notomastus rubi-

cundus, Keferstein, from fine clean sand, Plymouth (Allen).

The cephalic region is conical, with four larger eye-specks

and two groups of smaller eyes in front, a lobulated nuchal

organ on each side. Body 10 cm. long and 2 cm. broad,

vermiform, slightly enlarged anteriorly about the sixth seg-

ment, tapered posteriorly, and ending ina button-shaped tail,

all with neural parapodia and dorsal parapodial gills (Hisig).

Genital opening at the fifth pair, and two in the sixth.

Thorax reddish, abdomen brownish or yellowish green, or

bluish green anteriorly. Bristles simple, winged, tapering ;

eleven pairs. Abdominal hooks with four teeth in lateral

view, from the thirteenth segment backward. Mature from

December till May.

Keferstein, who discovered this species at St. Vaast-la

* Ann, Se. Nat. 6° sér. t. ii. p. 64, pl. viii. fig. 18, and pl. ix. fig, 18,

tach

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 25

Hongue, gives a detailed description of its structure. The

body measures 250 mm., and is divided into an anterior and

a posterior region, the latter commencing at the twelfth

bristled segment. The hook-rows are short dorsally, long

ventrally in the posterior region. There are two pairs of

cephalic ganglia, and the great nerve-cords have neural

canals. The alimentary canal has a papillose proboscis,

cesophagus, oval stomach, and a gut which terminates on

the last segment, the anus having a short ventral lobe. The

segmental organs occur in every segment, and probably open

between the dorsal and ventral feet, though he found another

pore on each side behind it. He did not notice the sexual

apertures with the hooks, his example being a female.

Externally was a parasitic Loxosoma.

Heteromastus filiformis, Claparéde, again occurred in sand

west of Salthouse Lake, Plymouth (Ad/en). The cephalic

region agrees with that of the type (Claparéde), and so with

the proboscis, which has clavate papilla. The body reaches

the length of 6 cm., and there are over one hundred segments.

The digestive and the perivisceral systems agree with

Capitella. The anterior segments are short and broad, the

posterior long and narrow. The anterior bristles are winged,

the posterior with the characteristic hooks dorsally and

ventrally.

All that is known of the coloration of Cesicirrus neglectus,

Arwidsson (of the family Maldanide), a species by no

means uncommon, is the remark by Cunningham and

Ramage * in their “ Polychet Fauna of the Firth of Forth,”

that in their “ Awiothea catenata the colour is pinkish, pale

towards the anterior end, with broad bands surrounding the

body at intervals.” The region whence these authors drew

their supply has since altered its character, probably from

pollution, so that a careful search was unsuccessful. It

lives gregariously in tubes of sand-particles sunk in the

sand. In examples from Wales + the anterior end of the

Annelid is somewhat pale, though the median vessel causes

a streak along the dorsum, the blood at the same time

tinting the cephalic plate. In front of the third bristle-tuft

the region has a smooth and glistening cuticular coat, which

is iridescent, and at the segment-junction in front of the

* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. vol. xxxili. p. 679 ete. (1888).

+ Lam indebted to Mr. Arnold Watson for living examples.

26 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

tuft (third) a faint reddish belt, apparently from a blood-

vessel, occurs. The next segment-junction has a belt of red

on each side of it, apparently of reddish pigment, the specks

of which pass a short way on the following segment (fifth

bristled), which has its bristle-tuft about the middle. Then

there is a slight constriction of the body-wall, at which a

broad red belt occurs, a bristle-tuft (sixth) being placed just

in front of another red belt which passes all round the body.

The next bristle-tuft (seventh) is in front of a furrow

marking another segment, the anterior third of which has

the broadest band of red yet met with in front. This is

followed by a pale region ending at the next bristle-tuft

(eighth), and coneluding the specially differentiated region

anteriorly, the seventh and eighth tufts being separated by a

long interval.

The next segment and half of the following are coloured

except at the margins by a longitudinal belt of red, appa-

rently along the intestine, probably from an intestinal sinus,

and thereafter the reddish hue is due to the Jongitudinal and

circular vessels, especially those of the gut, the tip of the

tail and its cirri being pale. In these examples the majority

of the short anal cirri had processes at the tip, as Arwidsson

shows in his figure *, and describes as ‘short, finger-like

lobes,” some being only bifid, others trifid or quadrifid,

whilst each of the processes in a bifid form may have two or

more minor papillz at the tip. Occasionally the cirrus ends

in a bluntly conical apex with a minute papilla at each side

near the apex. The gut itself is yellowish or pale orange.

The proboscis, which is constantly protruded by the animal,

when removed from its tube shows a tinge of red from a

blood-vessel along the middle, and its distal region appears

to be smooth.

In Petaloprocius terricola, De Quatrefages, another addi-

tion, the head is fused with the buccal segment and without

a marginal ridge. Body about 18cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad,

and of twenty-four segments, twenty-two of which are seti-

gerous. First segment distinctly separated from the buccal.

First three segments have no ventral division. In the

others there are two ventral tori, each with about forty

crotchets. Dorsal bristles strong, yellow, and winged, and

others colourless, not winged, spinous. Behind the sixth or

seventh segment are capillary bristles, sinuous and long

(overlooked by Claparéde and Grube) with minute spines.

In seven or eight posterior segments in front of the anal,

* Proceed. Roy. trish Acad. vol. xxix. no. 6, p. 219.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 27

between the dorsal and ventral divisions, is a fleshy process,

adherent dorsally and pointing ventrally, separated by the

two setigerous processes at the tori, and resembling those

of Maldane cristagalli, Claparcde. Anal segment achetous ;

anus near the ventral edge, whereas in Maldane it opeus

towards the dorsum. ‘T'wo or three furrows are prolonged

from the ventral to the dorsal surface—which De St. Joseph

regarded as rudiments of segments.

The cephalic region of aspecimen sent by Mr.Southern from

Blacksod Bay resembles that in Nicomache, though somewhat

longer and more projecting ventrally. A keel arises a little

above the mouth and runs vertically to the dorsal edge. The

surface is speckled with pigment as in Nicomache maculata.

Each of the three following segments bears a spine below

the dorsal tuft of bristles, four of these tufts characterising

the anterior region. ‘Three long segments follow those with

the spines, the third the longest, with two hook-rows, viz.,

an anterior and a posterior. ‘This segment is of softer con-

sistence than those in front. The anal plate has an expanded

smooth margin, which projects freely all round, except dorsally,

and has the anus on its posterior surface a little within the

ventral broad rim, and it shows a radiate arrangement of its

margin. Apparently two narrow rings next it are achzetous,

that in front of these has a row of hooks and a tuft of

bristles of considerable length. The dorsal surface of the

third, fourth, fifth, and sixth segments in front of the anal

plate present a median conical free flap pointing backward,

the third having a pedicled process like a Loxosoma attached

to it. These eminences increase in prominence from the

sixth backward.

The bristles of the first region (four segments) are pale

golden and brittle, having a straight shaft and a curved,

finely-tapered tip with narrow wings. The spine in these

segments 1s stout, golden, and pointed, the tip being slightly

hooked.

The bristles of the middle region are pale golden and of

two kinds, a stronger series of about five with stout shafts

and tapering winged tips, and a more numerous group of

slender capillary bristles which extend considerably beyond

the former. ‘The tips of the stout series in front of the tail

are somewhat longer, but the capillary bristles are shorter,

for they do not reach the extremities of the stout forms.

The hooks in the smaller example are stout and rather

short, with a base dilating up to the shoulder, which has a

hump posteriorly ; then the neck is narrowed where it 1s

28 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

grasped by the cuticle, again dilates toward the main fang,

a distinct bulge occurring below the origin of the gular

bristles, where it is again narrowed below the main fang—

which is curved at less than a right angle to the neck, and

has four teeth above it. The neck and shaft are boldly

striated. In the larger specimen the main fang leaves the

neck nearly at a right angle, and above it are four prominent

teeth. The gular bristle appears to be single, and sometimes

curves beyond the main fang and over it.

This species was first obtained by De Quatrefages, whose

description is fairly complete.

Two examples of Heteroclymene robusta, Arwidsson, come

from Plymouth, and I have to thank Dr. Allen for the

opportunity of examining them. Besides the lateral notches

in the cephalic border, the rim behind has crenations, the

median deepest posteriorly. The segments in the middle of

the body can be much elongated, one being about an inch

and three-quarters ; the bristles and rows of hooks project

outward on enlargements at the segment-junctions. The

anal dise is an exquisite structure, as finely radiate as the

operculum of Serpula vermicularis, only the anus is in the

centre of a cone, over which the radii pass downward and

then upward to the minutely crenate edge. The mid-ventral

cirrus is somewhat flattened, as well as longest, and there

are three or four shorter cirri on each side, somewhat

irregularly arranged, a portion of the dorsal edge being bare.

The tube is as thick as that of Lanice conchilega, but

firmer, retaining its cylindrical form until somewhat severe

pressure is applied. It is composed of shell-fragments,

minute shells, spines of Echinoderms, smoothly filled in with

fine grains of sand and secretion.

In Micromaldane ornithocheta, Mesnil, from Clew Bay

(Southern), a minute form, measuring 4 mm. long, the

cephalic region, when viewed from above, is somewhat

clavate and symmetrically rounded (elliptical). In lateral

view it is irregularly clavate, the dorsal outline being

smoothly curved and ending ventrally in the projecting

snout, which slopes backward and slightly upward to the

mouth.

The body is comparatively short, consisting of nineteen

segments, seventeen of which are bristled. It is enlarged

anteriorly, is cylindrical in the middle, and tapers posteriorly

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 29

to the truncated posterior end. The middle region consists

of two long segments. The caudal part is crenated from

the various rings, and the achzetous last segment is truncated

distally with a small papilla—probably representing the

anus. Glands are distributed extensively in the body-wall.

The bristles have the shape of a pointed assegai or sharp

spear, the cylindrical shaft being stout, and the tip a

flattened translucent spear-point.

The hooks are minute, apparently few in number, and have

a rudimentary shaft, which enlarges into a bulbous shoulder,

above which the neck is rather thick. The main fang is

curved downward at considerably less than a right angle to

the neck, and the crown of the hook is high, with five or six

teeth. In general shape these hooks somewhat resemble

those of Lumbriclymene minor, Arwidsson. No gular bristles

are present. Mesnil thought the hook resembled an avicular

Sabellarian bristle, and that it showed the evolution of

a Maldanid toward that group. Such views, however, are

conjectural. He found one example containing greyish ova.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate I.

Fig. 1. Serrated or spiked bristle of Hwmenia caulleryi, sp.n. xX 350.

Fig. 2. Smooth dorsal bristle. x 350.

Fig. 3. Branchie of one side. x 350.

Tig. 4. Brada graviert, sp.n. Enlarged under a lens.

Fig. 5. Dorsal tuft of bristles. x 350.

Fig. 6. Great ventral bristles, the base being at the top of the Plate.

x 360.

Fig. 7. Anterior bristle of Fauveliopsis challengeria, sp.nu. X 3650.

Fig. 8. Pear-shaped papilla of the foot. x 350.

Fig. 9. Anterior bristles of greenish papillose Oligocheet, Hemitubifer

benedent, Beddard, from St. Andrews. x 380.

Fig. 10. Posterior hook. x 850.

PuatE II.

Fiy. 1. Fauveliopsis challengerie, sp. n., from the dorsum, Enlarged.

Fig. 2. Ventral aspect of the same. Enlarged.

Fig. 3, Lateral view, showing the lozenge-shaped areas between the

bristle-tufts. Enlarged.

Fig. 4. The anterior region more highly magnified.

Fig. 5, Anterior bristles projecting from the foot. x 350.

Fig. 6. Posterior tuft of bristles. x 350,

Fig. 7. Tube of the foregoing. Twice natural size.

tg. 8. End of tube, more highly magnitied.

Fig. 9. Lateral view of the anterior segments of Ewmenia hystricis,

sp. n. Enlarged under a lens.

Fig. 10. Hook of Melinna buskit, sp.n. x 700 diam.

Fig. 11. Outline of Phascolosoma lankestert. Magnified under a lens.

“4g. 12. Posterior end of the latter with papillae. x 90.

30 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

Puate III,

Fig. 1. Tip of large bristle of Brada gravieri, sp.n. Xx 350.

Fig. 2. Wooked bristle of Fawveliopsis challenyeria, sp.n. X 300.

4g. 3. Dorsal bristle of Trophonia sarsi, sp.n. x 90.

4g. 4. Simple long ventral bristles (@ and b). x 90.

Lig. 5, Long spinous veutral bristle. x 90.

tig. 6. Tip of the foregoing. x 350.

fy. 7. Large and long serrated ventral bristle of the third kind with

bifid tip. x 90.

Fig. 8. Serrated tip of the same. x 850,

co co

fig. 9. Curved bristle, with broad base, of Gephyrean A. x 880.

fig. 10. Tip of hooked form. x 350,

Fy. 11. Outline of the base of the anterior process of Phascolosoma

lankestert, showing obliquity. x 90.

Il.—New Species of Carabidee from South Africa.

By C. N. Barker, F.E.S.

‘Tue types of all the species described below are contained

in the collection of the Durban Museum, aid paratypes

have been forwarded for acceptance to the British Museum

(Natural History) of all except the following, which are

uniques, viz.:—Chlenius incandescens, Chlenius marleyi,

Callistomimus obscurus, Platynus suturalis, and Callistomimus

pulchellus. The last-named species is already represented

in the National Collection by one or more examples, teste

Mr. H. E. Andrewes, to whom I am much indebted for

kind assistance in comparing my types with those of allied

species.

Tribe Lesrint.

Lebia durbanensis, sp. n.

Length 7-8 mm. ; width 38-4 mm.

Head dark to piceous red, mouth-parts and antenne

rufescent. Prothorax centrally deep to piceous brown,

shading off marginally to testaceous. Legs and beneath

testaceous yellow, the latter a shade darker than the former,

with the sides and apical segments of abdomen and the

pygidium piceous. Elytra pale testaceous yellow, patterned

with black as follows: a sutural basal subquadrate patch

covering intervals 1-4, below obliquely contracting inwards

to the first, thence in three successive steps of one interval

each widening to a little below middle, where it emits a

narrow spur connecting usually, but not always, with the

luward widening of a submarginal band extending from

Species of Cavabidee from South Africa. 31

the shoulder to a very short distance below it ; the posterior

end of submedian patch squarely truncate.

Head deeply, sub-confluently punctate ; epistome and

labrum smooth, shiny. Antenne slender, elongate, filiform.

Prothorax transverse, apical angles broadly rounded,

lateral margins widely grooved and reflexed, straight but a

little inclining inwards to posterior angles which are right

and moderately sharp, apex emarginate, base produced,

dise rugosely punctate, convex, median line broadly and

deeply grooved, reaching from near apex to the transverse

basal depression.

Elytra elongate-ovate, shoulders rounded, gently ampliate

to below middle, slightly contracted to outer angle, and then

sinuately truncate to apex, narrowly and shallowly striate,

hardly perceptibly or not punctate, intervals plane, smooth,

and shiny.

Beneath shiny and aciculate.

Hab. Coast bush about Durban. Common.

Lebia durbanensis, race malvernensis, mihi.

A local variety of above which shows some consistently

divergent characteristics, which, I think, justify its bearing a

distinctive name.

Shape and size as in durbanensis, but differentiated from

it as follows :—-Puncturation of head and transverse plication

of prothorax coarser and deeper, the coloration of the

latter rufescent, more or less darkened centrally ;_ strice

of the elytra deeper and distinctly transversely punctate,

intervals a little raised (in typical durbanensis they are

quite plane). The pattern is the same, but less developed,

the submedian patch being usually separated from the sub-

marginal band by a considerable interval of the ground-

colour. ‘The pygidium is pale reddish instead of piceous,

aud all my examples have conspicuously developed tubercles

at their outer angles, which are wanting in both sexes of

the numerous examples of durbanensis that I have examined.

The colour beneath and of legs is paler and the integument

smoother, aciculation only being visible in the strongest

hghts.

Hab. Malvern, Natal. Common under bark.

Specimens of these two races of durbanensis have been

compared for me with the type of L. insidiosa, Pér., which

is in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) by my friend Dr.

G. A. K. Marshall, who pronounces them as quite distinct

from that species. L. insidiosa was originally described by

32 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

Dr. Péringuey from this unique example, and, no longer

having the type in his possession, he evidently subsequently

confounded my durbanensis with his species, and thus

wrongly determined those examples which I submitted to

him many years ago, and which have until now been labelled

in my collection as “ ZL. insidiosa, Pér.”

I quote from Dr. Marshall’s letter the points upon which

durbanensis differs:—‘‘ Apart from its larger size and

different elytral pattern your insect differs from the type

of msidiosa in the coarser and more wrinkled puncturing of

both head and thorax. Moreover, in insidiosa the head is

of a uniform testaceous-red colour.”

Lebia apice-fusca, sp. 0.

Length 5 mm.; width 24 mm.

Head and prothorax light reddish testaceous, the former

darkening gradually from neck to and including mandibles ;

palpi, three basal joints of antennz and legs testaceous

yellow ; terminal joints of antennz black ; upper sides of

palpi often infuscated. Elytra, except a narrow ill-defined

apical and lateral infuscated area, and the whole of the

pectus deep testaceous yellow. Pygidium and abdomen

piceous.

Head finely, neck hardly punctate, shiny.

Prothorax transverse, nearly twice as broad as long,

anterior angles broadly rounded ; sides from about middle

to hind angle, which is widely reflexed and acutely right,

nearly straight; disc convex, very finely plicate-punctate,

with a well-defined median line bifurcate subapically ; base

truncate, lightly impressed between median line and posterior

angles.

Judging from description alone—for the species is un-

known to me——apice-fusca must be nearly allied to Chaudoir’s

L. fuscula, which is also recorded from Durban. The

antennze and underside of fuscula are described as light

yellow, and there is no mention made of any infuscation

about the apical area, which is always present, more or less,

in all the numerous examples which I have examined of

apice-fusca.

These discrepancies in coloration of antennz, abdomen,

and elytra are, I think, sufficient to justify its acceptance as

a species distinct from Chaudoir’s insect.

Hab. Durban, Natal. Common under bark of trees

growing on the coast sand-dunes, but not met with further

inland.

Species of Carabidee from South Africa. 33

Tribe Mori1on Int.

Morio attenuatus, sp. x

Length 13? mm.; width 44 mm.; width of prothorax

3? mm.

Jet-black, very shiny; palpi, mouth-parts, pectus, abdo-

men, coxze, aud femora dark to picecus red.

Head smooth, shiny ; clypeus broadly incised ; epistome

emarginate, impressed centrally ; on either side, from between

eyes and reaching to epistome, a long narrow sinuate groove;

supra-ocular carine moderately developed ; antenne blaek,

first three joints smooth, shiny, fourth a little pubescent

apically, remainder densely clothed with dirty yellowish

pubescence.

Prothorax transverse, shiny, faintly plicate, declivous

laterally and at front angles, anterior margin squarely

truncate, its angles briefly rounded, sides gently ampliated

to beyond middle, gently contracted and hardly simuate,

thence to the acute posterior angles ; margins moderately

reflexed, median line narrow and faintly punctate, lateral

basal grooves and depressions moderately deep, base

emarginate.

Elytra elongate, narrow, a very little wider than pro-

thorax, shoulders briefly rounded, dentate, sides straight,

gently rounded towards apex, and a little sinuate at outer

angles, narrowly striate, intervals smooth, a little raised

laterally, margins with spaced punctures inside the epipleura,

more closely set in the posterior parts, a puucture on the

third interval, above the posterior declivity.

Smaller and narrower than M. guineensis, Imhoff, and

differentiated from it on the following points :—Apex of the

prothorax straight, angles not projecting upwards, sides

evenly rounded and more declivous, giving it a convex

appearance. Supraocular carinze more rounded, less pro-

minent ; anteunz relatively longer and more slender, joints

less moniliform. ‘The coloration of the legs and underside

are quite different.

M. senegalensis, Lafert.; M. feronioides, Thoms. ; M. acuti-

collis, Putz.; and M. anthracinus, Boh., are all placed as

synonyms of J/. guineensis by Péringuey, so if he be correct

they cannot refer to this species. Boheman gives the

dimensions of his M. anthracinus as 13 mm. long by 5 mm.

wide, which differentiates it as a much broader insect than

attenuatus, mihi.

The two examples in my possession (¢ and @ ) have been

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 3

4 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

compared with species contained in the British Museum by

Mr. H. E. Andrewes, with none of which, he says, does it

agree.

” Hab. Natal: Upper Tongaat, Found in a decayed tree-

stump by the author.

Tribe ScARITINI.

Scarites giganteus, sp. n.

Length 40-45 mm. ; width 134-144 mm.; width of pro-

thorax identical with that of elytra.

Black, hardly shiny ; head quadrate, nearly twice as wide

as long, frontal part triangularly grooved or depressed on

either side between and below eyes, the impressions, epistome

and mandibles longitudinally plicate, the plications on the

mandibles forming deep folds; posterior part of head

almost smooth, faintly transversely wrinkled.

Prothorax nearly twice as broad as long, transversely

wrinkled like head, apex straight, sides below apical angles

rounded and ampliated for a short distance, then gradually

and nearly straightly contracted to the break in the margins

immediately above the posterior sete, whence they are

obliquely and a little sinuously drawn in to base; base one-

third less wide than apex, broadly excavate, and both it

and the lateral margins narrowly reflex-bordered; below

front, from angle to angle, a submarginal inwardly sinuate

Jine, the space between it and margin, except for a brief

median interval, longitudinally plicate.

Elytra: base squarely truncate, narrower by one-third

than the prothorax, humeral angles dentated, sides gradually

ampliated from shoulders to below middle, where the elytra

are as wide as the prothorax at its widest, thence gently

rounded to apex, striate, the first five striz very shallow and

intervals quite plane, the sixth and all intervals towards

apex a little raised, the seventh and eighth subcarinate ;

the eighth interval narrows towards and does not quite

reach the base and apically bends inwards, coalescing

with the intervals 6 and 7; the strial interstices at base,

shoulder, and the whole length and width of the broad

intermarginal groove densely granulate; on either side a

setigerous supra-apical puncture on the third interval.

Beneath smooth and shining, except for some sparse

plications about the sterna and striw covering the anterior

COX.

The nearest ally to giyanteus appears to be S. dogueraui,

Species of Carabidee from South Africa. 3d

Gory, which is, however, considerably smaller, 35-38 mm.

long and 12-123 mm. wide, and is described—for I have

not seen it—as having the elytral striae deep from base to

apex, with the intervals raised and the three outer ones

subcarinate, which is certainly not the case with the four

examples of g ganteus that I have before me. The humeral

angles in my species are sharply dentate and relative to

other species of the genus; these dentitions cannot be

described as small (vide vol. vii. p. 393, Trans. S.A. Phil.

Soc. 1896). Further, the head and prothorax of dogueraut

are stated to be proportionately the same as those of rugosus.

Compared with rugosus the head and prothorax of giganteus

are relatively appreciably more transverse, especially the

former.

Hab. Namaqualand: Port Nolloth. Plentiful in sand-

burrows, feste H. D. Stanton, who collected them.

Tribe PaNaGa&INt.

Microcosmus elegans, sp. 0.

Length 8 mm.; width 34 mm.

Black, shining, sparsely pubescent, lateral margins of

prothorax and four patches or spots (two on either side)

on the elytra orange-yellow ; labrum and first two joints

of antenne glabrous, testaceous red, the remaining joints of

the latter pubescent, piceous, more or less reddish at bases

of articulations ; palpi pale reddish testaceous, the terminal

joints more or less darkened basally.

Legs orauge-yellow.

Head and prothorax shining, densely scrobiculate-punctate,

with a long sparse pubescence ; antennz and palpi elongate,

the former slender, filiform, reaching to below middle of

elytra, third joint longer than the fourth, the latter with all

the terminal joimts securiform.

Prothorax transverse, at apex confluent with neck,

broadly ampliated to a little beyond middle, and thence

somewhat abruptly and sinuately contracted and reflexed to

the posterior angles, which are sharply right, narrowly

margined from a little below apex and gradually widening

into a broad orange-yellow border to base; base truncate,

twice as wide as apex, the median groove and lateral fovee

vaguely defined.

Elytra truncated and declivous at base, shoulders squarely

rounded, twice as wide as prothorax at base, moderately

convex, sides subparallel for about two-thirds the length,

36 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

thence broadly rounded to apex, deeply striate-punctate,

intervals convex, densely, confusedly punctulate, sparsely

clothed with long yellowish pubescence and, on either side,

a broad transverse orange-yellow subhumeral patch more or

less indented beneath, reaching a little obliquely downwards

from the lateral margin to the second interval; a second

much smaller, but variable in size, subapical, oval patch

between the third and seventh strize.

In its more elongate shape, long slender antenna, palpi,

legs, and tarsi this insect agrees well with Bate’s definition

of Dischissus, but this genus is described as having the

anterior and intermediate tarsi bilobate, which is certainly

not the case with elegans, in which they are the same as in

Microcosmus, a little emarginate or incised. In the shape

of the prothorax elegans approximates to M. aurantiacus,

Chd., but the constriction to base is much more pronounced,

and the elytra are also comparatively shorter.

Described from three examples, all taken at light.

Hab. Natal: Durban and Isispingo.

Tribe CHLANTIINI.

Chienius incandescens, sp. n.

Length 14 mm.; width 5 mm,

Head and prothorax glowing metallic red with some green

reflections in certain lights; labrum, palpi, antenne, and

legs reddish brown; elytra opaque black ; underside black

and shiny ; pubescent above and beneath.

Head and neck elongate, very shallowly plicate-punctate

laterally and basally, vertex almost smooth, a few coarse

punctures on either side of the two frontal foves, which

are shallowly connected with a third subvertical fovea and

together form an ill-defined V; palpi long, slender, and

cylindrical ; antenne filiform.

Prothorax cordiform, a little convex, declivous on either

side to apical angles, which hardly project, posterior

angles acutely rectangular, base and apex straight, lateral

foveze deep and curving outwards, a well-defined transverse

impression a little above base and extending on either side

to the lateral margins, the median groove deep, commencing

in a short transverse sulcus a little below apex and termi-

nating at its juncture with the transverse basal impression,

rugosely plicate-punctate, sparsely pubescent, the punctures

below the subbasal impression deuser and deeper, and the

pubescence longer.

Species of Carabidee from South Africa. 37

Elytra elongate, about one-third wider than the pro-

thorax (length 8} mm.), shoulders broadly rounded, sides

hardly perceptibly ampliated to above apical declivity, a

little sinuate between the outer and apical angles, finely

striate, intervals plane, densely shagreened, pubescent, the

pubescence longer laterally and posteriorly.

Underside: prosternum and sides plicate-punctate, pectus

rugosely cicatricose punctate, venter aciculate-punctate,

margins a little rougher, pectus and abdomen sparsely

clothed with long pubescence or hairs.

A single female example taken at the electric lights,

Durban, 1907, by H. W. Bell Marley. Has no near ally

among the South-African specimens known to me.

Hab. Natal: Durban.

Chlenius (Ocybatus) durbanensis, sp. n.

Length 11-114 mm.; width 33-44 mm. (2? ?.)

Head and prothorax above metallic blue-green, the latter

pubescent beneath, darker and of a more purplish shade;

labrum, mandibles, maxillie, and palpi red, the latter more or

less infuscated except at tips ; antennze —first joint and part

of second red, the rest infuscated. Elytra dark greenish blue

and bearing, on either side, above the apical declivity an

ovate flavescent spot covering the intervals 5-7 inclusive and

occasionally just invading the fourth. Legs reddish testa-

ceous; pectus and abdomen dark purplish blue with some

metallic-green reflections about the prosternum.

Head faintly punctulated, its vertex smooth ; antennz

filiform, very long, and slender ; palpi—both maxillary and

labial much dilated and triangularly truncated in the ¢ ¢;

maxillaries of 2 2 simply swollen and squarely truncated.

Prothorax narrow, elongate, of about equal width at apex

and base, a little convex and declivous towards front

angles, sides gently ampliated and rounded, margins briefly

recurved and a very little sinuate above the posterior angles,

densely sub-confluently punctured, median line fine but

distinct, lateral basal fovea not deep.

Elytra elongate, much broader than prothorax, shoulders

sloping, sides in the males very little (in the females more)

ampliated to beyond middle, briefly yellow, pubescent, nar-

rowly punctate-striate with the intervals shagreen-punctate.

Underside: glabrous; thorax and pectus coarsely but

irregularly punctate, sides of abdomen sparsely plicate-

punctate, a wide space between smooth and shiny.

The outlines of the prothorax and elytra are almost

38 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

identical with those of Chlenius reichei, Chd., with which

it also assimilates in the characteristics of the palpi in both

SEXeS.

It has little in common with Chlenius bohemani, Chd.,

with which species Dr. Péringuey inexplicably confused it,

when I submitted it to him for determination.

Hab. Natal—Malvern, Durban; Khodesia—Salisbury,

teste H. EK. Audrewes, British Museum Collection.

Chlenius (Vertagus) marleyi, sp. n.

Length 1] mm. (¢)-124 mm. (¢); width 4-5 mm.

Head and prothorax metallic blue, pubescent, the latter in

one example with some lighter green reflections within the

grooves of the lateral margins ; palpi and mouth-parts

piceous, a little reddish at apices; first joint of antennez

reddish flavescent, the rest black. LElytra subopaque, deep

purplish blue with on either side a supra-apical orange spot,

occupying the intervals between striz 3 to 8. Underside

shiny jet-black ; legs reddish flavescent with knees, tibia,

and tarsi black.

Head elongate, plane, finely and closely punctured except

on vertex, where the puncturation becomes faint and irre-

gularly spaced. Eyes very prominent ; labial palpi securi-

form in both sexes, maxillaries securiform in males and

truncately clavate in females ; antennze elongate, the middle

joints a little widened and compressed.

Prothorax explanate from the anterior angle to about

middle, where it is slightly angled, thence roundly con-

tracted to posterior angle, lateral margins sharply reflexed,

forming a deep fold which widens posteriorly, apex straight,

a little narrower than the base, which is slightly emarginate,

disc very little convex, coarsely sub-confluentiy punctate,

median line distinct, not quite reaching base and with deep

basal fovez on either side.

Elytra about one-third wider than prothorax, shoulders

broadly rounded, sides in the male nearly straight, in the

female a little ampliated to beyond middle, striz deep, not

perceptibly punctate, intervals a little raised, densely

shagreen-punctate, and briefly pubescent.

Nearly allied to C. fenestratus, Chd., in which the palpi

and antenne are similarly constructed. Judging by the

description—for I have not seen the insect,—C. effugiens,

Pér., must be very nearly related to C. marleyi, but differs

from it in having unicolorous flavescent legs. It is also

doubtful whether the very slight angulation of the sides of

Species of Carabidee from South Africa. 39

the prothorax in this species is as marked as that referred to

in C. effugiens, and the shape of the palpi is not even

mentioned.

Hab. Krantzkloof (male) ; Durban (female)—taken by

H. W. Bell-Marley.

Chlenius (Vertagus) fenestratus, Chd.

This species has been placed by Dr. Péringuey in

synonomy (as a variety) with Chlenius bohemani, with which,

if my examples of C. fenestratus have been rightly deter-

mined *, it has no close affinity.

Many of the differences which I have pointed out between

C. bohemani and C. durbanensis, m., recur as between

C. bohemani and C. fenestratus, chief of which is the

dissimilarity in their respective palpi.

Comparing females (fenestratus, 3) with females (bohemani,

2)—for unfortunately I have no male examples of fene-

straius before ne—the following discrepancies occur :—

C. bohemani. C. ( Vertagus) fenestratus.

Palpi.—Labials moderately dilate,

squarely truncated.

Maxillaries very slightly

dilate, squarely tiun-

cated,

Head.—Nobust, nearly as broad

as long, densely punc-

tate over whole surface.

Prothorax.—_As wide at apex as

at base, coarsely sub-

confluently punctate.

Elytra.—Subparallel in both

sexes, supra-apical spot

sinuate, diagonal.

Underside.—Sternal parts ru-

gosely coarsely punc-

tate, abdomen shiny

black.

Broadly securiform, diagonally

truncated.

Dilated, diagonally truncated.

Slender, decidedly longer than

wide, very finely plicate-punc-

tate, vertex nearly smooth.

Narrower at apex than at base,

closely, simply punctate.

Females a little ampliated to

beyond middle, spot ovate

covering intervals 4-7.

Trregularly shallowly punctate,

very shiny and iridescent.

When, added to the above, the differences in the coloration

of the legs and antenne are taken into account, it is difficult

to conceive on what grounds Dr. Péringuey should have

lumped them together—the more so, as both being the

creations of one author (Chaudoir), he must have had the

types of the one to compare with the other, and doubtless

* An example has been, since writing the above, compared with

examples so labelled in the British Museum Collection, and teste H. KE.

Andrewes they are identical.

AO Mr. C. N. Barker on new

had ample grounds for describing them as distinct species.

Its nearest allies amongst the South-African fauna known

to me are C. durbanensis, m., and C. reichei, Chd.

Chlenius clarksoni, sp. 1.

Length 19 mm. Co )-212 (2) mm.; width 83-9 mm.

Thorax length 5-53 mm.; width 63-74 mm.

Apterous ; head, prothorax, and elytra reddish to glowing

coppery bronze with vivid ereen reflections in strong lights ;

epistome, labrum, mandibles, palpi, and first three joints of

antenne piceous ; apices of palpi, labrum, and remaining

joints of antennee reddish.

Legs and beneath black, very shiny. Head densely

coriaceously wrinkled and irregularly longitudinally plicate

on either side; epistome and labrum smooth, shiny.

Prothorax subtrapezoid but with a little sinuation above

the posterior angles, apex bisinuate, frontal angles projecting

but not sharp ;_ sides margined, gently rounded to about

middle, thence, except for a slight sinuation above the

posterior angles, straight to base ; base shallowly emargi-

nate, disc convex, very declivous frontally, coriaceously

wrinkled, median groove and subbasal foveze moderately

deep and very shallowly connected by a subbasal depression.

Elytra hardly wider than prothorax at base, humeral

angle slightly projecting beneath it, sides nearly straight

in male and a little more ampliate in female, broadly

rounded to and very slightly sinuate above apex, convex,

strie moderately deep and wide,.not or barely perceptibly

punctate (puncturation is faintly indicated in some examples

by faint spaced pin-pricks), mtervals raised and very finely

shagreened, nearly smooth.

Underside : pro-, meso-, and metasterna smooth save for a

few. shallow transverse plications, the episterna densely,

rugosely aciculate-punctate ; abdomen very finely wrinkled

with rough plications laterally, the metepisterna, segments

of venter laterally, and intermediate femora with some

scattered pores bearing Yong red sete (in unrubbed

specimens ).

Very nearly allied to Chlenius cham, Chd., to which it is

similar in size and shape, and which also appears to be

wingless. Apart from its bright metallic coloration, not a

trace of which is observable in cham, it differs from it in

the following points. Antenne shorter (especially notice-

able in the respective males), a little more compressed

and more slender at bases of articles. The sculpture

—_

Species of Carabidae from South Africa. Al

of head and prothorax is finely coriaceously plicate. In

cham the plications are very faint, sub-obsolete, and, per

contra, the subbasal depressions and fovez are deeper. The

intervals of the elytra are in cham more carinate, the strize

narrower, deeper, and distinctly punctate. There is a com-

plete absence of metallism in all specimens of C. cham that

have come under my observation. I have examples of this

species from districts as wide apart as the neighbourhood of

Durban and Frere, 7. e., 161 miles, and with a difference in

altitude of 3500 feet, yet they show no variation from type.

The altitude of Harding is approximately the same as that

of Frere, but considerably more than 14 degrees to the

southward. It must be confessed, however, that the modifi-

cations of structure and sculpture are only slight, and

further knowledge may prove later clarksoni to be only a

local race or subspecies of Chaudoir’s insect.

Specimens of C. clarksoni show considerable variation in

the extent of metallic green underlying the bronze. Some

appear to be nearly wholly green in strong lights and others

under similar conditions show only faint traces of it. It is

always more or less noticeable about the margins and in

the interstices of the elytra. I submitted one or more

examples to Dr. Péringuey, in the year 1899, who then

pronounced it a new species and gave it the MSS. name

barkeri, but no published description nor further mention

of it has since reached me.

All the examples so far known to me were collected by

Mr. Clarkson on his farm near Harding, Alfred County,

Natal, who informed me that he found them harbouring

under dry cow-dung.

Soutu-Arrican Cazzyirt With a CaLATHUS-LIKE FActizs.

Of this very distinctive section of a huge genus Dr.

Péringuey, in his ‘ Descriptive Catalogue,’ 1896, pp. 517-519,

has described or referred to six species, five of which are

represented in the Durban Museum Collection, namely,

Chlenius dichrous, Wied.; C. piceus, Chd.; C. trapezicollis,

Chd.; C. natalensis, Chd.; C. erythrocnemis, Chd.—leaving

only C. ovodiordes, Chd., unaccounted for.

C. cham, Chd., and C. clarksoni, mihi, described ahove,

I have purposely omitted, as I consider they belong to a

class apart. Péringuey also described a species under the

designation aculeatus, but this he has since recognised is not

Chlenius at all, but a Pterostichid of an, at present, undeter-

mined genus.

42 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

In addition to the species enumerated above, the Collection

contains two further species of this group (a male and two

females of one and two pairs of the other), which I believe

to be new and describe below.

The species C. oodioides, Chd.= Oodes puncticollis, Boh.,

is quite unknown to me as well as to Dr, Péringuey, who

states in reference to it that the type is no longer in the

Stockholm Museum. It is very probable that it is not a

Chlenius at all, but a Systolocranius, which, if it is truly

referable to Boheman’s Oodes puncticollis (page 161, Ins.

Caftrariz), the description certainly suggests it to be.

To assist in the determination of the new with the pre-

viously described species of the group, the following brief

table may be useful :—

1(10). Colour black; legs, palpi, and

antennes wholly reddish.

2 (7). Legs and antenne longer, the

latter filiform.

3 (4). Size 123-18 mm.; sexes alike;

prothorax trapeziform, hardly

sinuate laterally, densely punc-

tate ; puncturation beneath

sparse and fine; elytra sub-

opaque, intervals nearly plane,

shagreen-punctate .......... C. piceus, Chaudoir.

4 (3). Size smaller (10-11 mm.); males

shiny; females—elytra sub-

opaque; prothorax narrower,

more sinuate laterally above

posterior angle; puncturation

beneath coarser and more dis-

tributed: 3.3. Maemo cnet C. simulatorius, sp. n.

. Size similar; prothorax straight

laterally, smooth, very shiny,

more or less sparsely punctated

about base and sides; elytra

hardly shiny, intervals a little

raised, subcarinate, aciculate-

punctate on either side ...... C. natalensis, Chaudoir.

6 (3). Prothorax distinctly rounded

laterally, very densely and

finely punctate; elytra elon-

gate-ovate, intervals shagreen-

punctate and opaque in both

BOX GB) ne lept anes Gieoeeie tree ie tl C. dichrous, Wied.

7 (2). Legs and antenne shorter, the

latter a little compressed, sub-

FUORI aN oreo Us lntesokateinia tnt

8 (9), Prothorax, male broadly trape-

zoid,. female more obliquely

widened towards base (oodi-

form, very densely punctate ;

(Ju)

Species of Carabidee from South Africa. 43

strie of elytra deep, intervals

raised with seriate punctures

on either side basally and more

or less densely puncturate over

the whole surface. Shiny in

DOG SEXES) 2566s c ues + os ore gener Obhquatus, sp. Ni

9 (8). Prothorax trapezoid in both

sexes, puncturation coarser and

more scattered; elytra more

narrowly elongate, the intervals

more carinate, puncturation at

bases similar, ridges nearly

smooth. Very shiny in both

(LEP. d eV Sine mubateicg MOLAAese, Dicaton ie C. trapezicoliis, Chaudoir.

10(1). Knees, tibize and tarsi, and the

second joints of all the palpi

more or less infuscated. Size

large (16-173 mm.), prothorax

transverse, more rounded from

middle to apex than in prece-

ding species, a little sinuated

and constricted to posterior

angles, Shiny in both sexes... C. erythrocnemis, Chaudoir,

Chlenius simulatorius, sp. n.

Length 11-12 mm.

Black pubescent ; males—prothorax and elytra shiny;

females—prothorax shiny, elytra subopaque. Basal joints

of antenne and palpi and the whole of the legs light red,

the other joints of antennze and palpi a shade darker.

Head smooth, aciculate, a little rugose frontally on either

side. Antenne long, slender, filiform.

Prothorax narrow, trapeziform, nearly as long as wide,

emarginate and very declivous in front, the angles sharp

and projecting, only a little less wide at apex than at base,

sides very gently ampliated for about one-third their length,

thence, except for slight sinuations of the reflexed margins,

above hind angles, straight to base; base shallowly bi-

sinuate, median groove deep and not reaching apex or base,

lateral basal foveze elongate, deep, puncturation of disc fine

and moderately dense, densest about base and margins.

Elytra oblong-ovate, short, a little more ampliate in the

females than in the males, wider than prothorax at base,

shoulders very broadly rounded ; striz—males deep and

intervals a little convex, females nearly plane, finely and

densely shagreen-punctate.

Underside smooth, very shiny, mesosternal parts with

shallow punctures or pores, metepisterna rugosely punctu-

late, ventral surface aciculate-punctate about centre and

apex, more coarsely and rugosely punctate at sides.

44 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

Simulatorius is differentiated from its very near relative

C. piceus, Boh., on the following points. It is smaller, very

shiny in the male and subopaque in the female ; piceus is

opaque in both sexes. Prothorax is narrower (2+ mm. long

to 24 mm. wide, as against piceuws 3 mm. long by 4 mm.

wide), less ampliate below frontal angles, which are sharper,

and the margins immediately above the hind angles are

more broadly sinuately reflexed. The puncturation on the

centre of the disc is sparser and less evenly distributed, the

median groove is also shorter and deeper.

On the under surface the puncturation of the sternal

parts is coarser and the venter is aciculated or punctulated

over the whole surface, in piceus the centre part is quite

smooth.

The pubescence also appears to be denser and longer, but

this may perhaps be due to being fresher specimens.

Described from three examples, one male and two females,

taken by me in bush among damp leaves and detritus,

November 1902.

Hab. Mouth of Ifafa River, Natal.

Chlenius obliquatus, sp. n.

Length, male 11? mm., female 12-123 mm.

Black, shining, in both sexes ; antennz, palpi, and legs

red, the basal joints of the two first-named a shade lighter.

Head very finely and densely aciculate-punctate, a little

plicate on either side frontally ; antennz medium length,

joints above third basal widened and compressed. Pro-

thorax very transverse (males 3 mm. long by 4 mm. wide,

females a little wider), widest at base, apex emarginate, its

aneles produced but not sharp, sides for a short distance

below apices, males roundly, females more _ obliquely

ampliated, thence continued straightly to posterior angles,

which are obtuse ; base shallowly and broadly emarginate

medially, disc plane, declivous frontally, densely punctate,

median line and lateral foveze shallow and not very con-

spicuous.

Elytra at base hardly wider than prothorax, oblong-ovate,

a little narrower in male than in female, apices rounded,

very declivous, briefly pubescent laterally and apically,

deeply striate, intervals raised and more or less irregularly

punctate all over.

A near ally of C. trapezicollis, Chd., from which it differs

in its larger size, more transverse shape, denser and finer

puncturation of head and prothorax, and in the marked

ss. because

Species of Carabidex from South Africa. 45

» differentiation of the prothoracic contours between the

sexes, which in ¢rapezicollis are exactly similar.

The following are dimensions of a female of obliquatus

and a female of trapezicollis for comparison :—

obliquatus: length 124 mm.; width at base of prothorax

44 mm. ; width of elytra 54 mm. ; length 7? mm.

trapezicollis *; length 103 mm.; width at base of pro-

thorax 3} mm. ; width of elytra 3? mm.

Described from four examples—a pair from Malvern,

dated October 1897 and September 1899 respectively, and

another pair from Somkeli, dated December 1907. ‘The

only differences in these four specimens is that the Zululand

pair are a little more deeply punctated about heads, pro-

thoraces, and beneath.

Hab, Malvern, Natal; Somkeli, Zululand.

CaLLIsTINI.

Under the designation Callistomimus caffer, Boh. (vide

page 525, vol. vii. Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc.), Dr. Péringuey

describes a species (evidently hitherto unrecorded), which

differs widely from Boheman’s description of his insect

_under that name (vide page 128, Insecta Caffrariv). Périn-

guey’s description of this species, for which I propose the

name diversus, shows it to be much nearer akin to sev-

pustulatus, Boh., than to the species to which he has assigned

it. The localities given for this species by its author are

Estcourt, Natal, and Salisbury, Rhodesia. I have two

examples (male and female) from Estcourt which agree

well, allowing for some omissions, with Péringuey’s (not

Boheman’s) description of C. caffer, and I have little doubt

that these are the species referred to by him. From

Plumtree, Rhodesia, I have four examples, which in all

details agree faithfully with Boheman’s description of his

C. cajfer, and these both in shape and size differ materially

from the Estcourt species.

Dr. Péringuey, in his description of his C. caffer =

C. diversus, mihi, omits any reference to the shape of the

prothorax, and there are also other discrepancies and

omissions. The following is a fuller description of this

species :—

Callistomimus diversus, sp. n., caffer, Pér. (nec Boh.).

Length (male) 55 mm., (female) 5 mm. ; width 23-3 mm.

* A female example from Piet Retief, Transvaal, loaned to me by

Dr. Brauns is quite as big as my examples of obliquatus—length 124 mm. ;

width at base of prothorax 44 mm, ; width of elytra 5 mm., length 8 mm.

46 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

Head: male steely, female greenish blue, coarsely punc-

tate; labrum, palpi, first three joints and base of fourth of

antenn, and the legs (paler) flavescent ; remaining joints

of antenne black; terminals of palpi, knees, apices of

tibiae, and, more or less, the posterior and intermediate tarsi

ringed with fuscous.

Prothorax deep brick-red, cordiform, nearly twice as wide

at apex as at base, frontal angles declivous, moderately

sharp, sides broadly rounded, bordered and slightly re-

flexed, strongly contracted to basal angles, which are acute

and a little recurved; disc moderately convex, densely ru-

gosely punctate and very briefly pubescent, median line fine

but distinct.

Elytra opaque black, briefly pubescent, oblong-ovate, base

and shoulders declivous, the latter broadly rounded, finely

punctate-striate, a little more deeply about the apical

declivity, intervals plane, finely shagreen-punctate, narrowly

or not flavescent margined, and with, on either side, two

transverse bands or fasciz, a small postmedian juxta-

sutural and a sutural apical, spot.

The anterior band is very sinuate—that is to say, it

projects above and below on the alternate intervals and

extends, gradually widening from the third stria to the

outer margin.

The postmedian transverse band is hardly sinuate; it

covers the intervals 4 to 7, and is obscurely defined

beyond to the edge of the outer margin. ‘he postmedian

juxta-sutural spot is situated a little above the postmedian

band on the second and third intervals, and the apical

sutural spot is triangular in shape. My male example has

the elytra narrowly margined with flavous, but this is wanting

in the female example, except for a short distance above

and below the anterior transverse band.

The pectus, abdomen, and the centre line of the pro-

sternum piceous.

From C. cafer, Boh., diversus is differentiated by the

coloration of head, prosternum, pectus, and abdomen ; by

the situation of the postmedian juxta-sutural spot which is

well above the postmedian band, whereas in cajer it is in

line with and usually connected with it by a somewhat

obscurely defined spot on the fourth interval.

It is considerably smaller, the puncturation of head

coarser, the prothorax laterally much more constricted

towards base, the elytra more shortly ovate.

It is much more nearly related to C. sea-pustulaius, Boh.,

and is only differentiated from that species on the following

Species of Carabide from South Africa. 47

somewhat minor points—z.e., by the presence of the well-

defined postmedian spot on the second and third intervals,

which is quite absent in seav-pustulatus, and by the shape of

the transverse bands, which are narrower and much more

irregular or jagged in outline. The palpi and labrum and

basal joints of antennz in sex-pustulatus are darker rufo-

instead of flavo-testaceous. In sculpture and outline there

seems to be nothing to separate them.

C. gratus, Pér., is another nearly allied species. It is a

little smaller and more slender than diversus ; the punctu-

ration of the head is a little coarser, the prothorax less trans-

verse, the shoulders of elytra more squarely rounded, and the

colour beneath is testaceous, more or less infuscated towards

centre of abdomen. Péringuey has erroneously described

this species as black beneath. Four examples in my

possession from Salisbury, Rhodesia, have the whole of the

pectus, except a narrow infuscated central line and the

coxee, reddish testaceous. The abdomen varies from reddish

testaceous to pale brownish testaceous, more or less infuseated

about middle line. The fascie forming the elytral pattern

are narrower, the lower one tends more obliquely upwards,

and the apical sutura! spot is wanting.

To obviate further confusion as to the identity of C. caffer,

Boh., I append a fresh description, taken from four speci-

mens captured by the Rev. J. A. O’Neil at Plum Tree,

Rhodesia, which I have compared with Bohemau’s descrip-

tion and I am satisfied belong to that species.

Callistomimus cajfer, Boh.

Length 6-6; mm.; width 24-23 mm.

Head and prothorax light brick-red, the latter more or

less suffused with fuscous frontally and between eyes, finely

and closely punctulate, and briefly pubescent; first three

joints and base of fourth joint of antenne, labrum, mandibles,

palpi, and beneath testaceous to reddish testaceous. The

remaining joints of antennz black and terminal joints of

palpi faintly infuscate at tips. Legs pale testaceous, infus-

cate at knees and apices of tibiz.

Prothorax transverse, truncate at apex, angles sharp,

declivous ; sides roundly ampliated to below middle, mode-

rately and obliquely narrowed to basal angle, which is sharp

and very slightly sinuate upwards.

Elytra dull brownish black with a faint greenish tinge,

more or less suffused with reddish about the sutures, with

two transverse bands, a postmedian and an apical sutural spot,

48 Mr. C. N. Barker on new

and the outer margin from base to apex flavescent; the

anterior fascia or antemedian band extends from the third

stria to the outer margin, is very irregular in outline (i.e.,

projects towards base and middle alternately on successive

intervals). The postmedian fascia is a little sinuate, and is

directed obliquely from the fifth striz to the margin, and it

is usually connected, somewhat vaguely, on the fourth

interval, with the juxta-sutural elongate spot on the third

interval, which is obliquely in lune with it.

Hab, Plum Tree, Rhodesia.

Callistomimus pulchellus, sp. 0.

Length 52 mm.; width 24 mm.

Head, prothorax, and elytra briefly pubescent.

Head to line of epistome dark metallic blue; epistome,

labrum, mandibles, palpi, and first three joints of antenne

reddish testaceous, the remaining joints of the latter black.

Prothorax above and beneath brick-red with a central pro-

sternal line fuscous. Legs testaceous, the kuees and apices

of tibiz very faintly tinged with brownish.

Elytra black with on either side a subhumeral band, a

postmedian ovate patch, a small apical sutural spot, and the

outer margin and epipleura yellow. Pectus and abdomen

piceous black.

Head closely and deeply punctured. Prothorax finely

punctate, transverse, cordiform, truncate at apex and base,

the latter produced medially, sides broadly ampliated and

rounded to about middle, thence gently contracted to the

sharp basal angle which appears to be somewhat sinuately

produced, owing to the incision below caused by the

truncate projection of the median part of base ; ; median

groove faintly defined.

Elytra elongate-ovate, striation deep, intervals densely

shagreened, shoulders and apices moderately but somewhat

squarely rounded, sides hardly ampliated or early straight.

The anterior transverse bands of the-elytra are broad and

very little sinuate either above or below, and cover the

intervals 4 to outer margms. ‘The postmedian patches

or spots are nearly perfect ovals, occupying intervals 3

to 8, and are widely detached from the outer margins.

The apical sutural spots are subtriangular, and radiate a

little along the intervals. The epipleurz and outer margins

are flavescent from shoulders to apices.

Very distinct from the other species known to me.

The shape of the prothorax is exactly similar to that of

C. caffer, Boh., except that it is produced basally. The

Species of Carabide from South Africa. 49

elytral pattern assimilates to that of sex-pustulatus in the

more regular, less jagged outline of the spots forming

the pattern and in the complete absence of the postmedian

dots on the third intervals.

Described from a single male example, exact locality not

recorded, but from the vicinity of Durban. There is a

second example at the British Museum labelled ‘‘ Umbilo,

Natal (Bell-Marley), teste H. EZ. Andrewes,” who has com-

pared it for me with type.

Callistomimus obscurus, sp. 0.

Size and shape of C. amenus, Pér.

Head, the centre parts of the frons excepted, which is

suffused with metallic blue-black, the antennz (all but first

two joints), the labrum, and mandibles red-brown. Pro-

thorax testaceous red ; first three joints (the third darker)

of antennz and the palpi reddish-testaceous. Legs pale

testaceous, with knees and apices of tibie and _ tarsi

infuscated.

Elytra black ; a small ill-defined subhumeral spot between

the fifth and seventh striz, a narrow transverse postmedian

patch between the fourth to eighth strice and a juxta-median

spot on third interval obscurely yellow ; prosternum reddish

testaceous, pectus and abdomen piceous.

Head and prothorax closely rugosely punctulate, not

perceptibly pubescent; the latter cordiform, a little shiny

and convex, lateral margins narrowly reflexed, sharply

incised above and below the acute posterior angles, median

part of base produced and squarely truncated ; lateral basal

foveze and median groove broadly defined.

Elytra short-ovate, convex, about one-third longer than

wide, very briefly pubescent, striate, intervals plane and

densely shagreened.

The constriction above and sharp incision below the outer

basal angle, together with the marked extension of the base,

give a characteristic appearance to this species. As in

C. amenus, there is no trace of yellow along the lateral

margins of the elytra, but the apices are narrowly margined

with yellow, which widens into a small spot on either side

of the suture.

Described from a single example taken by me September

1897.

Hab. Lower Unkomaas River, Natal.

Callistomimus elegans, Boh., and Callistomimus guttatus, Chd.

The patterns of the above-named species appear to be

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 4

50 On new Species of South-African Carabide.

identical, judging by the description of the former and

comparing it with three specimens of the latter in my

possession. Chaudoir’s description of his species, though

somewhat confusing, evidently apples to my examples,

which all have the two distinctive infuscated thoracic bands,

though there is only the faintest trace of the frontal spot,

and then in one specimen only. The elytral pattern, which

varies a good deal between evanescence and extra develop-

ment of some of the spots is arranged exactly as in

C. elegans, and I think it is highly probable that Chaudoir’s

insect will turn out to be a mere variety or at most a sub-

species of Boheman’s elegans.

Tribe PLATYNINI.

Platynus (Agonum ?) suturalis, sp. n.

Length 74 mm.; width 3 mm.

Head, neck, and palpi deep reddish brown; prothorax

testaceous red, margins paler; antennze, legs, and beneath

reddish testaceous ; elytra brownish testaceous with dorsally

two obscurely defined fuscous bands covering the intervals

3 and 4 and reaching from below shoulders to near

apices, but becoming somewhat diffused from above the

declivity.

Head faintly longitudinally aciculate with a hardly per-

ceptible median sulcus. -dntenne long, slender, joints with

the exception of the second of even length.

Prothorax orbicular, a little wider than long, emarginate

in front, declivous and sharply rounded at angles, lateral

margins broadly reflexed, evenly rounded from apex to base,

no posterior angles, base simuate and having a little above

it a narrow sulcus which reaches the lateral marginal

grooves on either side ; dise shining, convex, almost imper-

ceptibly transversely aciculated and with a narrow median

groove from apex to base.

Elytra one-third wider than prothorax, shoulders broadly

rounded, sides very gently ampliated to beyond middle,

rounded and a little sinuated to apex ; strize faintly punctu-

late, intervals plane and smooth, with three punctures on

the third interval, the first a little below base, the second

and third somewhat near together, postmedian and subapical

respectively.

In size and general outline it is not unlike P. velox, Pér.,

but the prothorax is much wider and rounder and the Iegs

are shorter.

In colour and markings it is very distinct from any of

the South-African members of the genus known to me.

On some new Species of Earthworms. 51

Described from a single example taken by Mr. Bell-

Marley at Krantzkloof, Natal, July 1910.

Platynus (Anchomenus) zuluanus, sp. n.

Length 73-8 mm. ; width 23-3 mm.

Head, prothorax, labrum, and mandibles piceous red, the

head a shade darker than the other parts ; first three and

tips of ultimate joimts of antenne, palpi, and legs light

testaceous brown, the remaining joints of antenn:ze, annulets

on terminal joints of palpi, the femora about knees, the

tibize above, and tarsi at apices of joints infuscated or more

deeply browned. LElytra greenish black, senescent, very

shiny, outer margins and beneath rufo-testaceous.

Head smooth, frons shallowly grooved on either side

above epistome.

Prothorax narrow, as long as wide, much narrower in the

posterior than in the anterior parts, apical angles declivous,

prominent, moderately sharp, sides reflex-margined, gently

ampliated to about middle, thence sinuately narrowed to

the basal angles, which are somewhat obtuse and recurved,

disc smooth or hardly perceptibly aciculate, a little convex

medially, lateral basal sulci elongate and parallel to

margins, median groove deep reaching from apex to a little

above base.

Elytra at base nearly twice as wide as prothorax, shoulders

rounded, sides (male) very slightly, (female) a trifle more

ampliated, broadly rounded to and a little sinuated before

apices, very finely striate, intervals plane and smooth,

seriate punctures on third intervals very faint, one near base

impinging on the fourth stria, a second a little postmedian,

and two others near together on the apical declivity.

In the narrowness of the elytra, not in its contour, it

approximates to P. alacer, but in its less elongate legs and

other charecteristics it is far removed from that species.

Of the South-African species known to me its nearest allies

are P. letulus, Pér., and P. fallaciosus, Pér.

I1I.—Some new Species of Earthworms belonging to the

Genus Glyphidrilus. By C. R. Narayan Rao, M.A.,

University of Mysore, Bangalore.

Accoxpine to the published records, the following species

represent the family Glossoscolecide in India: Pontoscolex

corethrurus, Criodrilus lacuum, C. bathybates, Glyphidrilus

annandalei, and G. tuberosus. This paper discusses four

52 Mr. ©. R. Narayan Rao on some

new examples assigned to the genus Glyphidrilus, mainly

from Coorg and Shimoga (Mysore). Through the courtesy

of the Director of the Zoological Survey of India, I was

enabled to examine in June 1918 the above forms belonging

to the Indian Museum, and more recently I was given the

opportunity of recomparing the examples of Glyphidrilus

with my own material. I am thankful to the Museum

authorities.

The two new species, G. rarus and G. saffronensis, of

which there are a large number of sexually mature forms in

the collection, are without a trace of clitellum, puberty-

tubercles, and latero-ventral wing-like expansions or ridges

of the body-wall. Besides, the seta-distances and the size

of the sete vary to an extraordinary degree in the four

species, and I am of opinion that these characters, which

are associated very largely with growth and sexual maturity,

cannot be relied upon as a very safe diagnostic feature. In

a few important particulars the generic characters of Glyphi-

drilus have to be recast and written thus :—

Genus Guypuiprinus, Horst.

1900. Michaelsen, ‘ Oligocheta ” in ‘Das Tierreich,’ p. 459.

Prostomium pro- or zygo-lobous. The first 12-22 somites

are circular in cross-section, hard and large; the body

behind is four-cornered (in preserved specimens). Anus

dorsal and large, surrounded by a few extremely short

segments and a variable number of them in front also, are

marked off from the rest of the body by their shortness.

Setz on the middle of body are invariably larger ; the seta-

distance dd = <or>aa. The clitellum, if present, is marked

by the possession of puberty-tubercles and latero-ventral

ridges or wing-like expansions of the body-wall. These,

together with the clitellum, may beabsent. The position of

male aperture varies, is not easily made out, and is placed as

a rule within the clitellum. The spermathecal pores, either

single or groups, occur in front of the male aperture, in the

intersegmental furrows from two to six somites within the

seta-space be. A well-developed gizzard in front of septum 8-9

occupying segment 8 or 74, 8 and 95. Calciferous glands

absent ; cesophageal pouches in somites 9 and 10 may or

may not be present. Two pairs of testes and funnels in

somites 10-1], and usually four pairs of seminal vesicles

in segments 9-12. A pair of ovaries and ovisacs in

segment 13.

new Species of Harthworms. 53

Twelve species are now known, of which six occur in

India. Found in close proximity of fresh water.

The Indian examples may be recognized on the basis of

the following characters :—

1. Clitellum segments 17, 18-86, 41; latero-

ventral ridge or wing-segments 27, 29-

32, 33; puberty-tubercles three rows in

front of the ridge; gizzard segment 8,

slightly extending into7 ........ wel eias

2. Clitellum segments 14, 15, 16-28, 30,

latero-ventral ridge segments 20-25, 24;

the ridge may be foliated into a cauliflower-

like outgrowth; puberty-tubercles in three

sets, an anterior on segments 10-12,a middle

on 17, 18-19, and a posterior on 24-28 ;

gizzard segment 7 extending into8 .... G. tuberosus, Steph.

3. Clitellum segments 13, 14-38 ; latero-ventral

ridge segment 25-32, 3823; puberty-

tubercles three rows in front of ridge ;

gizzard sezment 8 extending into anterior

nalinoh sepment Oe ws. as ence vee. J. G. fluviatilis, Rao.

4. Clitellum segments 14-35, 48; latero-

ventral ridge segments 24-82, 56, and may

be occasionally repeated on segments 40-45

on one or both sides; puberty-tubercles

three or only two rows in front of ridge;

gizzard segment 8 .....,.-.e0sseeneee G, elegans, Rao.

. No clitellum; no puberty-tubercles; no

latero-ventral ridge, or a feebly-marked

one between seta-line 4c; segment on the

middle of body as large as or larger than

segments 7-12; gizzard spherical, seg~-

ment 8; no esophageal pouches ........ G. rarus, Rao.

6. No clitellum; no puberty-tubercles, no

latero-ventral ridge; segments on the

middle of body considerably less than half

the width of segments 7-12; gizzard

cylindrical in segments 73-9} ; cesophageal

pouches in segments 9-10 .......000eeee G. saffronensis, Rao.

G. annandalet, Mich.

Glyphidrilus fluviatilis, sp. n.

There are more than forty large and sexually mature

specimens in the collection, with the median row of puberty-

tubercles ranging from 8 to 14, and their mode of occur-

rence is very arbitrary.

External characters—-The longest specimens measure

270-275 mm.; circumference in the preclitellar region

44 mm. ; width in the region of puberty-tubercles 55 mm. ;

across the clitellar wing ] mm.; postclitellar region 4 mm.

The anterior part of the body down to segment 16, 18 is

round, and behind it is four-cornered; the terminal part

of the body may be swollen or narrowed into a cone, The

4 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some

part of the body which is quadrilateral in cross-section

bears dorsal and ventral wide and lateral, sometimes deep

canals. ‘Total number of segments 270-385. The pre-

clitellar segments, nearly twice the size of the postclitellar

ones, bear a number of prominent secondary annular ridges

and grooves. ‘The clitellar segments with the latero-ventral

wings are the broadest and soft, bearing ventrally irregular

grooves and ridges. ‘The number of segments surrounding

the anus can hardly be counted, owing to extreme shortness.

Anus a large longitudinal slit, dorsal in position, borne

on a swollen cone or on the unmodified posterior region.

- Prostomium pro- or zygo-lobous.

Fig. 1,

A seta (2) from the middle of body of Glyphidrilus fluviatilis, x 75,

Dorsal pores absent.

In the preclitellar region the seta-distance is aa, equal to

or slightly less than dc or dd; be=dd ; ab=cd. In the post-

clitellar region aa: ab:be:cd:dd=2:4:1:4:lior2. A

seta from the preclitellar region measures nearly 0°75 mm,

long and 0°12 broad. The skin is raised in a tent-like

fashion over the seta in the middle and hinder part of body.

The projecting part of the sete is ornamented by delicate

annulations, and the stem embedded in the follicle bears a

few irregularly-disposed spines, and the whole structure is

marked by fine striations, the distance between any two

strie being 1150 w. The first segment is free.

new Species of Harthworms. 55

Traces of clitellum begin on segment 13, but become

strongly marked on segments 14-33, 36 (=23 somites).

The clitellar somites 25-324 bear latero-ventral wing-like

expansions with either a straight or greatly-folded margin.

The limits of the clitellum at either end are indistinct. The

Fig. 2.

Pees.

#5 Ge tt ee

< PEO e is g

Vertical longitudinal section of pharynx and gizzard of G. fluviatilis.

The section shows the immense dorsal thickening of the pharyngeal

wall, the ventral thrown into folds so as to give rise to pouch-like

sacs.

Lettering to figs. 2-4.

amp.c. = ampulliform clitellar cells; 6.7. = blood-vessel ; Coel.m. =

coelomic muscles with clumps of cells on them; ¢.f.=connective tissue ;

d.v.=dorsal vessel; g.c.=glandular cells ; Giz.=gizzard ; m.=muscular

system of body-wall; nep.=nephridia ; nep.c.=nephridial cells, showing

the characteristic form and position of nucleus; ».c.=nerve-cord ; 2.v.=

subneural vessel; nip.=teat of puberty-tubercle ; 0b.m.=oblique muscle-

fibres; p.g.=pharyngeal gland; p.p.=pharyngeal pouch; p.s.=peri-

toneal sheath ; r=rim of puberty-tubercle ; rvg.m.=circular muscles of

the rim; s=skin; s.¢7.=subintestinal vessel; ¢=typhlosole; ¢.v.=

typhlosolar vessel; v.=valve-like fold of pharynx; w.t.=wide tube

free in fig. 4 B and clogged by degenerate nephridial cells in fig. 4 C;

n.t.=narrow tube free in fig. 4 Band clogged by degenerate nephridial

cells in fig. 4 C.

uberty-tubercles occur in three rows in front of the clitellar

fold, and their number and relation to somites are irregular,

The mid-ventral row commences on segments 13, 16, extend-

ing up to segments 23, 24. The number of lateral papilla

56 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some

is fairly constant, the first occurring on the somite 14,

though there may be lop-sided individual variations. Behind

the clitellar wing segments 33-35 bear lateral tubercles,

and median ones occur on segments 88-40. The disposition

of the lateral papilli is interesting: the first three on either

Fig. 3,

A. Transverse section of the middle of body of G. Sluviatilis, to show the

relation of the ccelomic muscles and the viscera. In the ventral

ccelomic chamber lie the nephridia, nerve-cord, and the subintes-

tinal and subneural vessels,

B. Stained preparation of the ccelomic muscles, showing the clumps of

cells and corpuscles of the coelomic fluid. The double and tri-

nuclear nature of the cells is clearly seen.

side are in seta-line Jc, 4 and 5 are shifted dorsalwards

lying in seta-line cd, and the series from the sixth is again

shifted to seta-line cd. Each tuberele is placed on the

posterior margin of the somite to which it belongs, and may

be so arge that the tubercles form a continuous row. Each

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new Species of Harthworms.

58 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some

papilla consists of a circular elevated ridge with a central

nipple, separated from the former by a deep moat all round.

Occasionally there may be two such nipples on a papilla,

when it becomes quadrilateral in outline. If, as occasionally

happens, the papillary somites should bear secondary

annular ridges, these latter become conspicuous bars con-

necting the three rows of tubercles on the somite, which in

cross-section is more like a segment of a circle. In sectional

preparations (fig. 4, A), the tubercle is seen to be composed

of circular muscle-fibres in the outer rim, and in the central

nipple occur an outermost circular layer and an inner band

of vertical muscles, which converge towards the apex in an

oblique manner from all round the neighbourhood of the

outer rim. ‘There are no sensory cells. of any kind on

them, and only a few large oval glandular cells, occurring

chiefly in the “trench. Judged from their structure, there

can be little doubt that the tubercles act as organs of

adhesion in a sexual act, and when we consider ine fact

that the surroundings in which these worms live are likely

to be suddenly inundated, the need for suctorial organs of

some sort becomes all the greater. The lateral clitellar

wings are muscular structures with the outer transverse and

the inner longitudinal bands studded with the oval ampulli-

form gland-cells. Lying in between the muscle-bands of

both sets are to be found branching connecting-tissne fibres,

which enable these flaps of skin to be stretched out fairly

widely.

No genital pores can be made out, except in sections.

Spermathecal apertures occur in intersegmental furrows.

Male orifice in the intersegmental furrow 21/22 nearer to

seta-line b,

Opening of the oviduct segment 13 between seta-space aa.

eluate pores large between dc, very well marked behind

segment 12, and inconspicuous anteriorly.

‘Colour.—In spirit-specimens the colour is a dark grey,

with occasionally traces of orange on the anterior part of

the body. In the live specimens the greater part of the

postclitellar region is yellow with a dark, broad, dorsal and

frequently ventral band. The whole clitellar portion is

grey or even white, and the body in front is yellowish red.

Internal organisation.—The first recognisable septum 3/4

is composed of a few muscle-bands only, 4/5 better developed.

Septum 5/6 is only slightly and 6/7-14/15 very thick.

Others are tender.

Dorsally the pharyngeal muscles are densely developed,

arising from the posterior border of septa 4/5-7/8, and

new Species of Karthworms. 59

inserted obliquely forwards. They form a dense matting

over the pharynx. Veutrally the bands are separate and more

strongly developed, The pharynx (fig. 2) occupies somites 3-7.

Its dorsal wall is enormously developed, and tongues of

muscles dip into the cavity and almost fit into corresponding

depressions on the floor. The ventral wall at the level of

the fourth segment is raised into a semilunar valve-like

fold, whose presence is marked outside by an intucking of

the wall. The ventral wall of the pharynx in somites 6

and 7 is raised into vertical folds, simulating the pouch.

The nephridia of segments 5-6 are all fused together to form

a single median structure, closely applied to the ventral

wall of the pharynx. They are modified into flat glandular

bodies, in which the small nephridial cells are united to

become large polygonal syncytial cells in the main lobes.

They have no nephridiopores, and just behind the semilunar

fold (segment 4) is a small aperture, which can be traced to

these pharyngeal glands ; in a series of sections the commu-

nicating channels lie closely adherent to the under surface

of the pharyngeal wall. The gizzard is in segment 8,

slightly extending into segment 9. ‘The intestine commences

in segment 14. There is a typhlosole.

Below the dorsal vessel lies a typhlosolar vessel, which runs

up to the genital somites, where it attains the thickness of

the superior vessel, finally entering the pharynx. The last

heart is in segment 12. There are subintestinal and sub-

neural vessels. A lateral vessel is present only occasionally.

The secondary segmental sheath, in which the dorsal vessel

is enclosed in segments 18-25, is a flat somewhat loose pouch

filled with ccelomocytes and blood-corpuscles. I have not

been able to make out any communication between these

pockets and the body-cavity.

_The nephridial system consists of a series of very large

meganephridia, becoming most conspicuous from somites 14.

In front they are only feebly developed—sometimes disposed

in the form of arches over the alimentary canal, or are

tucked under in the form of tufts. The nephrostomes are

large club-shaped structures, in which the diameter of the

ciliated funnel is only slightly wider than the funnel-tube.

In segments 24-32, of the majority of examples dissected

and examined, are found small vesicles, not unlike the

spermatheca in the anterior somites, in close relation with

the nephridia of these segments. he vesicles, which are

3-4, lie in the seta-line a, 5, c, d on either side close to the

posterior surface of septa, and are connected with the main

lobes of the nephridia only by muscular attachments,

60 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some

Apparently they have no ductules leading them to the

outside world, for none can be made out in sections. In

respect of microscopic structure, their excessively thin wall

is composed of cubical large cells and a few muscle-fibres

circularly disposed. ‘The vesicles were empty. They must

be degenerate spermathece, unusually placed far behind.

The male organs comprise four pairs of large testicular

sacs in segments 9-12. Each vesicle is a greatly lobulated,

pyriform, spherical or oval organ, the anterior two are

attached to the hearts in whose loop they lie just in front of

septa 9/10 and 10/11, and the hinder two are attached to

the posterior face of septa 10/11 and 11/12. I have noticed,

in about three out of eight examples dissected, a fifth pair

of seminal vesicles attached to the anterior surface of

septum 11/12. Seminal funnels are large, placed in seg-

ments 9 and 10-11 attached to the sacs. Testes are small

brush-like organs, mostly free, attached to about middle of

the anterior surface of septa 9/10 and 10/11. There are no

prostates. The male aperture could be made out only in

sectional preparations in the intersegmental furrow 21/22

nearer to seta-line 0.

There is a single pair of large spermathec in segment 14.

Each is a stalked pyriform organ without diverticula. The

duct enters the posterior face of septum 13/14. In addition,

there may be a variable number of spermathecze on each

side, behind segment 14 in the seta-lines a, >, and ¢ close to

the posterior surface of septa 14/15, 15/16, 16/17. They

are sessile, almost buried in the thickness of the body-wall.

Each of these structures differs from the ampulla referred

to in connection with the nepbridia by the muscle-fibres

forming distinct spiral bands. In vertical sections of the

body-wall in this region the apertures are made out.

Asymmetrically situated behind segment 16 are occasional

spermathecal vesicles, either only on one or both sides.

The ovary and ovisacs are large, more or less spherical,

soft, lobulated bodies, in segment 13 attached to the pos-

terior surface of septum 12/13. No oviduct was made out.

Female pore on segment 13 within the seta-space aa.

Locality —Sandy banks of Rivers Harangi, Madapur

(Coorg); Cauvery, Fraserpett (Coorg), and Sheravathy,

Shimoga (Mysore).

Type-specimen in the British Museum.

Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums.

Remarks.—This species and the three others described in

this paper do not in the living condition possess a four-

cornered body behind segments 12 or 13, but nearly a flat

new Species of Harthworms. 61

oval one. It is while fixing the animals that the body

becomes four-cornered, and in the struggles snaps occur at

different parts, leading to complete separation. The quadri-

lateral nature of the body is produced by the sudden con-

tractions of the transverse bands of coelomic muscles, which

extend from seta-space le to below the intestine. These

muscles (fig. 3, A & B), which start from the body-wall in

the median line, spread outwards in the form of a cone on

either side, anda pull on the body-wall on the sides accounts

for the lateral canals and dorsal and ventral corners. The

contraction of the vertical muscles of the septa, which

extend beyoud the grooves on either side of the body-wall,

would produce the dorsal and ventral canals. The secondary

sets of cwlomic muscle-bundles do not occur in front of the

segment 14, and hence this region remains round.

But the most interesting fact connected with these

muscles is that they almost form, being connected here and

there in their course by patches of peritoneal membrane,

secondary ventral chambers, in which the nephridia are

lodged. They have to be disengaged from these chambers

for a more detailed examination. Numerous bubbles of air

escape from these secondary chambers, as in other freshwater

species, while the worms are opened and spread out, and,

where the pressure has not ruptured the investing membrane

of the ventral ccelomic chamber, very large air-bubbles are

noticed, being entangled within the muscular mesh. Such

air-bubbles are found throughout the worm. The chamber

on ove side communicates with its fellow on the opposite

side below the intestine and the nerve-cord, the associated

vessels and the nephridia lie within the secondary cavity.

In cross-section the chambers lock like two cones, their

apices meeting in the middle. The upper wall is composed

of several bands of muscles, held together imperfectly in

most places by the reflected portion of the peritoneum from

the intestine. On the body-wall (bc) the bundles of muscles

at their point of insertion spread out in the form of a

fan. Occurring in the narrower middle portion of the

chamber, and also in the outward part, are clumps of large

polygonal cells with one or more deeply staining nuclei

associated with the muscle-bundles. Mixed up with these

clumps are ccelomocytes and a fine plexus of blood-capil-

laries. In any teased and stained preparation of the muscle-

fibres, the cell-clumps are a striking feature, and occur

uniformly. I am unable to trace the source or determine at

present the nature of the origin of these cells, which may be

due perhaps to the proliferation of peritoneal cells, which

62 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some

they resemble closely except in size. In view of the absence

of the dorsal pores, and consequently the complete shutting

off of the segmental cavities from the outside world, it is

only reasonable to associate in some sort of manner the

uniform occurrence of the bubbles with the cell-aggregates

of the secondary chambers. In other words, the ventral

portion of the celomic cavity perhaps acts as a hydrostatic

chamber, which in worms whose environment is susceptible

of being frequently inundated by sudden floods must be

extremely of a useful character.

Glyphidrilus elegans, sp. n.

External characters.—The largest specimens measure

136 mm. ; number of segments 186-270; circumference of

body about segments 9-14 35 mm. where the body is round;

from segments 18-24 5 mm. across the body where it is

flat ; between the inner borders of the clitellar wing 5°5 mm.,

here the body is thick and flat. Behind the body gradually

narrows and is four-cornered, with the dorsal, ventral, and

lateral canals. Sometimes the dorsal depression may extend

forward up to segment 13; segments 7-13 are broad and

those behind are extremely short, nearly half or less than

half of the anterior ones. Segments in the posterior part

of the body only gradually become short and can be counted

up to the anus, which is dorsal and terminal. The anterior

preclitellar segments have secondary annular ridges and

grooves.

Prostomium zygolobous.

Dorsal pores absent. Nephridial pores from behind

segment 12 in seta-space 6c.

In segments 24-82 aa=2tab and=2ab both in front

and behind this region, and gradually becoming less than 2a

both ways ; aa@ is greater than be or dd; ab=cd.

The clitellum is marked from segments 14-35, 48

( =22-35).

The genital markings are three, or only two rows of

puberty-tubercles. The median, when present, commences

from segments 12-18, and quite variable in number (7, 12),

-and the laterals, which are uniform in their occurrence,

begin on segment 13 extending up to segment 24. Behind

the puberty-wing, the lateral series may be continued on

segments 32-86 on one or both sides and the median ones

on segments 41-42. Each of these tubercles, which in

point of disposition and microscopical structure resembles

the foregoing species, differs from them in a marked manner

by their oval or transversely elongated shape. The secondary

annular ridges from segments 18, 22 are very strongly

new Species of Earthworms. 63

developed on the ventral surface, and connecting the three

tubercles on a segment constitute a characteristic feature.

Each tubercle occupies the whole width of the segment, and

consequently touches one another so as to form a continuous

structure. In the case of the lateral tubercles from seg-

ments 12-24, there is a clitellar ridge, dorsal to the tubercles

and becoming continuous with the broader wing from

segments 25-32, 36, and occasionally repeated on one or

both sides on segments 40-45. The border is greatly

foliated. No genital pores can be made out except in

sections.

Colour.—In the liying condition this is a beautiful worm,

covered by more than one vivid colour, The anterior part

of the body down to segment 18 is bright orange, and

from behind down to about segment 40 it is a warm

yellow. Dark dorsal and ventral bands occur. The yellow

posterior part of the body becomes rather dirty. The mid-

clitellar region is deeply red, while the tubercles and the

wing are white. In the spirit-specimens the yellow and

even the red may be preserved in varying degrees.

Internal organisation. — Septum 6/7 moderately and

7/8-10/11 very thick. Septum 4/5 is the first recog-

nizable one.

The pharynx extends up to segment 64 and is thrown into

pouch-like sacs in segment 7. Gizzard spherical, very large

in segment 8. Intestine begins in segment 14. A typhlo-

sole is present. Pharyngeal glands present, having the

same relation and structure as those of the previous species.

Dorsal vessel single. Last heart in segment 11 and an

additional one frequently in segment 12.

Meganephridia commencing from segment 12. None in

front. ‘They are enclosed in the ventral secondary coelomic

chambers.

Male organs.—There are four pairs of seminal vesicles in

segments 9-12, those in 9, 10, and 12 being conspicuous,

‘They are directly attached in the usual way to the anterior

and posterior surfaces on septa 9/10, 10/11, 10/11, and

11/12 respectively. The vesicles are irregularly spherical

bodies, soft and lobulated. No prostates.

Testes and funnels in segments 10-11 both conspicuous

and easily made out. Male aperture in intersegmental

furrow 27/28 on seta-line b.

Ovisacs and ovaries situated in segment 13 on the dorsal

vessel, each is a large flat body, loosely attached to the

posterior surface of septum 12/13. Oviducts not identifiable.

Female orifice segment 13 within aa.

Spermathecz are situated in segments 13-16, They are

64 Mr. ©. R. Narayan Rao on some

minute, sessile, subspherical bodies embedded in the body-

wall, In each segment there are five on each side, the

innermost row internal to seta-line aa, and the others on

seta-lines a, 6, c, d, with corresponding intersegmental

spermathecal apertures. lLop-sided variations in regard to

the spermathecze are common, the additional ones occur in

segments 17-18 in the seta-line 6. The supra-cesophageal

ganglion occurs in segment 4.

Type-specimen in the British Museum.

Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums.

Locality.—Sandy islets in the Cauvery, Dubari forests.

Fraserpett (Coorg) ; banks of Sheravaty, Shimoga (Mysore).

Glyphidrilus rarus, sp. 0.

External characters.—Average length of three longest

specimens 205 mm.; maximum thickness 4 mm., which may

increase slightly behind or suddenly fall from behind

segments 9-12. The last segments 20-32, immediately

in front of anus, become very short, and are marked off

from the rest of the body in front. Average number of

segments 290; segments 6-10 large; those in the middle

of the body equal to these or only very slightly shorter.

The number surrounding the anus is too short to be counted.

Body round for about twelve segments, behind it is high

and four-cornered, with broad dorsal, ventral, and lateral

canals; segments 3-14 bear secondary ridges and annu-

lations.

Prostomium large, zygolobous. Mouth is a crescentic

opening, rather ventral. Anus a narrow longitudinal slit,

dorsal in position.

Dorsal pores none.

The seta-distance in front of segment 12 is aa=2, ab=1,

be=14, cd=14, dd=2; in the middle of body aa=2?,

ab=14, be=14, cd=1, dd=2?; in the terminal modified

portion of body aa=13, ab=#, be=1, cd=?, dd=17. The

first segment is free. Sete on middle of body very large.

No trace of clitellum, although all the numerous speci-

mens in the collection are fully mature and the sexual

glands are well developed. Puberty-tubercles and clitellar

wing-like expansions are also absent. The latter may be

feebly formed over somites 25-82 on the outer side of seta-

line b.

Nephridial pores in the intersegmental furrows in the

middle of seta-space bc throughout the length of body from

segment 12.

None of the spermathecal apertures can be made out

new Species of Harthworms. 65

easily, except in sections in the intersegmental furrows

13/14, 15/16 on seta-line 6. Male and female apertures

cannot be identified.

Colour.—In the live specimens the whole body is a pale

grey, or even slightly brownish in some, with the usual dark

dorsal and ventral bands. There is no colour-change in the

preserved material.

Internal organisation—The first recognisable septum is

4/5; septa 7/8-10/11 very thick, those of 11/12-14/15

fairly thick. Those of 4/5-6/7 are thicker than 16/17.

The pharyngeal muscles are very strongly developed in

somites 6—7, though the ventral bands are few. The pharynx

is a spherical, strongly muscular chamber occupying somites

3-6. Pharyngeal wall in segment 7 thrown into pouches.

A well-developed spherical gizzard in segment 8. An

cesophageal pouch may be present in segment 9. The

intestine begins in segment 13, and in 14 the intestinal

wall is thick, white, and spherical, so as to simulate a

secondary posterior gizzard. There is a typhlosole, but no

pharyngeal glands.

The dorsal vessel is a stout tube of uniform thickness

throughout. There is a typhlosolar vessel which comes to

the surface of the intestine at the level. of segment 14, and

is continued forwards in the form of an independent vessel

entering the pharynx anteriorly. The last heart is in

segment 11. A lateral longitudinal vessel, about the thick-

ness of the dorsal vessel, extends from the anterior end

backwards in seta-line 6. It is suddenly deflected inwards

at about the level of somite 13, or may be continued in the

same seta-line as far behind as segments 46-60, becoming

greatly attenuated in its course. There is only a sub-

intestinal vessel.

The nephridia begin in segments 14-15.

Male organs.—The testes and funnel in segment 10 not

identifiable, but made out in segment 11. There are four

pairs of seminal vesicles, irregular in shape and independent

of the loops of the heart. The anterior ones are attached

to the anterior face of septa 10/11 and 11/12. ‘There are

no prostates. Male aperture in the intersegmental furrow

21/22 on seta-line b.

A small ovary and an egg-sac are attached to the posterior

surface of the septum 12/13 dorsal in position. No oviduct.

Female orifice on segment 13 within aa.

No spermatheca could be discovered in any of the three

specimens dissected. In one, however, a small whitish

pear-shaped organ occurred in seta-line ), segments 14, lo on

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 5

66 Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao on some

both sides perhaps representing rudimentary spermathecal

structures.

Type-specimen in the British Museum.

Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums,

Locality.—Sandy banks of the Harangi, Madapur (Coorg),

and of the Cauvery, Dubari forests, Fraserpett (Coorg).

Glyphidrilus saffronensis, sp. n.

External characters.—Average length of three longest

specimens 135 mm.; maximum thickness 5 mm., which is

fairly the thickness throughout, except the posterior one-

eighth, which gradually tapers towards the anus. Average

number of segments 298. Segments in the middle of body

about one-third the width of segments 6-12, and those imme-

diately in front of the anus about half the width of former.

Anteriorly the body is round, behind it becomes four-

cornered with feebly lateral canals, the dorsal and ventral

ones, however, are strongly marked. Secondary annular

ridges may be wanting or may be limited to the occurrence

of one on each segment, mainly anteriorly.

Prostomium large, zygolobous. In the preserved speci-

mens the anterior dorsal wall of the pharynx may project

beyond the mouth. No dorsal pores. Anus, a dorsal

longitudinal slit, wider at the terminal part with tumid lips.

The seta-distance in front of segment 12 aa=14, ab=1,

be=14, ed=1, dd=134; in the middle of body aa=2,

ab='75, be=14, cd='75, dd=2; in the terminal modified

portion of body aa=1, ab=°50, be =:75, cd="50, dd=1.

No trace of clitellum, all the numerous examples in the

collection being sexually mature; puberty-tubercles and

clitellar wing absent,

Nephridial pores, in the intersegmental furrows, nearer

to seta-line c throughout the length of body from seg-

ment 18.

Spermathecal apertures made out with difficulty in the

intersegmental furrows 13/14-16/17 nearer to seta-line 6.

Sometimes only one orifice, that of 13/14 may be present.

Male aperture on the intersegmental furrow 27/28 in the

seta-space ab ; female opening not discoverable.

Colour.—In the living condition the whole body is a

vivid lemon-yellow, with reddish and whitish patches on the

anterior somites. The terminal modified portion of body

white. Dorsal and ventral dark bands. In the preserved

specimens the colour is either a pale yellow or grey.

Internal organisation——The first recognisable septum is

4/5, which and the succeeding two are strongly muscular.

new Species of Harthworms. 67

Septa 7/8 and 10/11 are very thick and 11/12 only

slightly so.

The oblique pharyngeal muscle-bands spring from the

posterior margin of somite 7 ventrally, and pass inwards and

forwards through septa 6/7 and 5/6 to be inserted into the

ventral pharyngeal pit. The dorsal muscles form a closer

matting structure, where the dorsal anterior wall of the

pharynx is shot out, the whole pharynx appears on dissection

a tubular structure, otherwise it is a spherical organ occu-

pying somites 3-6.

The whole of the ventral wall of the pharynx is sacculated,

becoming a distinct pouch in somite 7. The gizzard is very

strongly developed ; it is a long tubular structure, lying in

somites 7}, 8,93, and accordingly septa 7/8 and 8/9 are

displaced by the length of half a somite. Well-developed

cesophageal pouches may occur in somites 9 and 10, the

anterior being better developed. There is a typhlosole,

the intestine beginning in segment 14. No salivary glands.

The last heart is in segment 1]. A typhlosolar vessel and

a lateral longitudinal vessel are present, the latter occasion-

ally very feebly developed.

The nephridia commence in segments 12-138. Those in

13-16 are excessively large and are brownish in appearance.

Frequently the nephridia may have a similar colour in one

or more lobes. Structurally also there is modification. In

the anterior nephridia (13-16) the lobes comprise very large

oval cells, with deeply staining central nucleus. The proto-

plasm stains less easily. Clearing with glacial acetic acid

reveals nothing, except that the protoplasm of the cells

appears clearer aud more granular. In sectional preparations,

(fig. 4, B & C) the ordinary nephridial cells appear degenerate

and block the system of draining-canals, the whole organ thus

becoming a more solid structure with a rich plexus of blood-

capillaries. There is little doubt that the larger cells are

of secondary origin, though their source is doubtful. In

none of the teased or sectional preparations of these modified

nephridia could the occurrence of organic debris be found,

the entire structure looking under the microscope not

unlike that of an egg-sac. The exact nature of the function

fulfilled by these greatly modified nephridia is problematical.

The other nephridia in the middle of the body have the

usual structure and disposition.

Male organs.—'\'wo pairs of testes and two large seminal

funnels in segments 9 and 10. The seminal vesicles, which

are four, are unequally developed, and in point of attach-

ment and position follow the usual rule (segments 9-12, the

68 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine in the

first two attached independently of the hearts, to the

anterior surface of septa 9/10 and 10/11, and the last two to

the posterior face of septa 10/11 and 11/12). No prostates.

A pair of ovaries and ovisacs in segment 13 attached to

the posterior surface of septum 12/13. No oviduct can be

made out. Female opening, as made out in transverse

sections, on segment 18 within seta-space aa.*

Spermatheca not present.

The supra-cesophageal ganglion is in segment 4. The two

halves of the nerve-cord remain separate, being enclosed

only in a connective-tissue sheath.

Type in the British Museum.

Syntypes in the Hamburg and Indian Museums.

Locality—Margins of pools in the forests of Dubari,

Fraserpett (Coorg); river-beds of the Cauvery, Dubari

(Coorg).

REFERENCES TO LITERATURE.

(1) Boat Karam Narayan. (1919.) “ Nephridia of Indian Earth-

worms.” Q.J.M.S. vol. lxiv. part 1 (n.s. no. 253).

(2) Bepparp, F. E. (1895.) “A Monograph of the Order Oligo-

cheeta ” (Oxford).

(3) ——. _(1890.) “Contributions to the Anatomy of Earthworms.”

Q. J. M.S. vol. xxx. (n.s.).

(4) Micuartsen, W. (1900.) “ Oligocheta” in ‘ Das Tierreich.’

(5) . (1910.) “Die Oligochaetenfauna der vorderindisch-ceylon-

ischen Region.” Abh. Geb. Naturwissen, Hamburg, vol. xix.

part 5.

(6) (1908.) “The Oligechzta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma,

and the Andaman Islands.” Mem. Ind. Mus. vol. i.

(7) STEPHENSON, J. (1914.) “ Littoral Oligocheta from the Chilk

Lake, on the East Coast of India.” Rec. Ind. Mus. vol. x.

(8) ——. (1916.) “Ona Collection of Oligochexta belonging to the

Indian Museum.” Ree. Ind. Mus. vol. xii.

1V.—An Account of the Castniine in the Collection of

Madame Gaston Fournier [Lepidoptera]. By Percy I.

Latuy, F.E.S.

[Plate IV.]

SINCE the appearance of M. Houlbert’s fine work on the

Castniinee (Etud. Lépid. Comp. xv. 1918) the attention of

Lepidopterists has naturally been turned towards this inter-

esting family. Mr. Talbot, in his review of this work

(Novitat. Zool. xxvi. pp. 28-35, 1919), and Lord Rothschild

(doc. cit. pp. 1-27) have already added considerably to our

ee eo

Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 69

knowledge by describing several new species and subspecies,

and also by correcting a certain number of errors that were

bound to be found in a work of such magnitude as that of

M. Houlbert.

As Madame Fournier’s collection of Castniinze now ranks

among one of the finest of this family, it has occurred to me

that an account of the species it contains may be of interest

to Lepidopterists, especially as in it I have discovered a new

species and several new subspecies, and also am able to

point out variation that exists in some species, that have

hitherto been exceedingly rare in collections, of which

Madame Fournier has long series.

I have given a complete list of the specimens contained in

the collection, so that any Lepidopterist desiring to visit it

in order to study this family may know at once what material

he will have to work upon, and at the same time it will

serve to show the numerous gaps that still remain to be

filled.

A curious feature that I have noticed among some species

of the Castniinz is the resemblance of males to females, and

vice versé—I allude, of course, to the non-dimorphic species,

such as Ypanema decussata, Xanthocastnia evalthe, ete.

Usually the females in these species have the apex of fore

wing slightly more rounded than in the males ; but it often

happens that this character is not constant, and one has only

to arrange a series according to it, and after to carefully

examine the frenulum, and it will then be found that in most

cases the sexes have been mixed.

The variation in size of individual specimens of the same

species is also very remarkable, and I give measurements

of fore wing of a few of the most striking cases that I have

before me :—

3. 2.

mm. mm,

Aanthocastnia evalthe ....... » 80-39 30-48

Erythrocastnia syphax .....045 37-52 37-53

Ceretes marcel-serrest .....-.445 20-36 oe

Sympalamides MUMON,.. 164.005 25-35 30-42

Vpanema decussatd.....6..0+5. 26-40 31-44

ACHOd PALALINUS: so ss Me ion» 30-41 29-43

Haemonides cronida .......+.. 382-44 41-52

I have arranged the collection before me after Houlbert,

and have followed his classification throughout this paper ;

but I think that a further study of this family will lead to

the sinking of many new generic names used by him.

70 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine in the

Cyparissias dedalus, Cram.

Papilio dedalus, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 1, figs. A, B (1775).

This species appears to be much rarer in French Guiana

than C. guyanensis, Houlb.

3 2 9, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Cyparissias dedalus paraénsis, subsp. n.

This form may easily be distinguished from the typical

dedalus by the larger and more lunulate submarginal spots’

of the hind wing; these spots have the tendeney to be pro-

duced along the nervules by yellowish scaling, and give the

impression of an incomplete oval marking; the pale markings

are also more yellowish than in dedalus.

733,62 9, Para, Amazons.

Cyparissias dedalus conspicua, Rotlisch.

Castnia (Cyparissias) dedalus conspicua, Roths. Novit. Zool. xxvi. p. 2

(1919).

1 3, Buenavista, E. Bolivia.

Cyparissias guyanensis, Houlb.

Castnia guyanensis, Houlb, Etudes Lép. Comp. xiii. p. 50, pl. i. fig. 1

(1917).

Considerable confusion has arisen over this species, described

by Houlbert (doe. cit.). In his “ Revision of the Castniinge ”

(Etudes Lép. Comp. xv. p. 92) he treats dedalus, Cram., as

an insect unknown in collections. Jordan (in Novit. Zool.

xxiv. p. 59, 1917) described a species under the name of

grandis, aud pointed out that the chief difference (apart from

the structure of the genitalia) is in the absence of white spots

above first radian nervule of fore wing and in fore wing not

having a hairy underside.

Talbot, in his review of Houlbert’s work (Novit. Zool.

XXvi. pp. 28-35), makes no mention of any species of the

Cyparissias-group.

Rothschild, in his Supplementary Notes (loc. cit. pp. 1-27),

places guyanensis, Houlb., as a synonym of dedalus, Cram.

When I arranged the Castniudee in’ Madame Fournier’s

collection I*had at first followed Rothschild’s view, but on

going carefully through it a second time, and eomparing the

specimens determined as grandis, Jord., with the figure of

guyanensis, Houlb., I felt almost certain that I had to deal

with the same species.

Collection of Madame Gaston Fourmer. 71

Fortunately, Mr. Talbot was passing through Paris on his

way to visit M. Charles Oberthiir at Rennes, and I asked him

to be kind enough to examine Houlbert’s type ; and he did so,

and found, as I expected, that it is the species without the

hairy underside of fore wing. [also examined the specimens

in the Paris Museum that were sent to Houlbert, and found

them all to be the non-hairy species.

As Dr. Jordan’s description appeared in May 1917, and

that of Houlbert in March of the same year, it is the latter

who has priority, and grandis, Jordan, sinks as a synonym,

The pale spots of double row of hind wing in this species

are very variable in size; in one specimen from French

Guiana the outer-row is almost obsolete; other specimens

have the spots of the inner row smaller than those of the

outer, while others have them of similar size in each row.

The two specimens from Para are not to be distinguished

from those from Guiana.

103 3, 4? %, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 9,

1 ¢, Para, Amazons.

Cyparissias boliviensis, Houlb.

Castnia boliviensis, Houlb. Etud. Lép. Comp, xiii. p. 52 (1917).

Lord Rothschild states (Novit. Zool. xxvi. p. 3, 1919) that

the nine males at Tring agree exactly with Preiss’s figure ;

one of the specimens in Madame Fournier’s collection differs

in having the oblique white band of fore wing extended to

vein 1.

2 & &, Rio Inambare, 8.E. Peru.

Cyparissias preissi, Stgr.

Castnia preisst, Stgr. Soc. Ent. 1899, t. xiv. p. 21.

This appears to be an exceedingly rare species. The type

is from Iquitos, Upper Amazons. The two specimens in

Madame Fournier’s collection differ from Preiss’s figure of

the type [‘ Neue und seltene Arten des Lepidopteren-Genus

Castnia, ‘af. i. fig. 4 (1899)], inasmuch as the oblique

white band of fore wing is not continued as far as margin.

2 8 &, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Amauta angustata, Druce.

Castnia angustata, Druce, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx. p.505 (1907).

Houlbert, in his work on the Castniinze (Etud. Lép. Comp.

p- 125), does not state whether there is any difference between

72 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniinee tn the

the markings of the male and female. ‘The two specimens I

have before me differ, inasmuch as the male has the cellular

spot of fore wing very indistinct, the discal band and sub-

marginal spots of hind wing less "pronounced.

1 g, Canelos, Ecuador ; “I ?, Balsapamba, Ecuador,

Amauta cacica, Herr.-Schiiff.

Castnia cacica, H.-S. Ausseur, Schmett. pl. liv. fig. 143 (1854).

1 ¢, Bogota, Colombia.

Amauta cacica procera, Boisd.

Castnia procera, Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lépid, Hét. p. 503 (1874).

33 3,2 2 3, without locality; 1 9, Chiriqui.

Amauta pantlionarts velutina, Houlb.

Castnia velutina, Houlb. Etud. Lép. Comp. fase. xiii. p. 55 (1917).

(BGk uy Ses Maeas, Ecuador.

Amauta papilionaris affinis, Rothsch.

Castnia (Amauta) papilionarts affinis, Roths. Novit. Zool. xxvi. p. 3

(1919)

1 g, Chanchamayo, Peru; 1 ?, La Merced, Peru.

Corybantes pylades, Stoll.

Papilio pylades, Stoll,in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol.iv.p. 200, pl. ceclxxxvii.

figs. A, B (1782).

This species appears to be fairly constant, the principal

variation being in the size of the black spots of submarginal

orange band ot hind wing.

86 b,6 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 2 ¢ 6,

1 ¢, Para, Amazons.

Corybantes mathant, Oberth.

Castnia mathani, Oberth. Etud. Entom, fase. vi. pl. iv. fig. 2 (1881).

1 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Castniomera atymnius, Dalm.

Castnia ats ymnius, Dalm. Prodr. Monogr. Castnie in Act. Holm. p. 12

(1824).

2 2 2, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

acti > Bed eee ee

= al

2) ire re abe

Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 73

Castniomera atymnius humboldti, Boisd.

Castnia humboldti, Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lép. Hét. p. 528 (1874).

1 g, Muzo, Colombia.

Castniomera atymnius futils, Walk.

Castnia futilis, Walk. Cat. Lepid. Ins, Brit. Mus. vol. vii p. 1581

(1856).

1 2, Honduras; 1 @, Cartago, Costa Rica.

Castniomera atymnius ecuadorensis, Houlb.

Castivia ecuadorensis, Houlb. Etud. Lépid. Comp. fase. xiii. p. 57 (1917).

1 $, Zarayaquillio, Ecuador; 1 $, 1 9, Paramba,

Keuador ; 2 ¢ go, without locality.

Castniomera drucei, Schaus.

Castnia drucei, Schaus, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii. p. 191 (1911).

2 ¢ S, Costa Rica; 1 ¢, Chiriqui; 1 ¢, C. America.

Castnia licoides, Boisd.

Castnia licoides, Boisd, Spec. Gén. Lépid. Hét. p. 527, pl. i. (1874).

766, Para, Amazons ; 5 ¢ g, Santarem, Amazons,

Guiana race,

Among the series is a most remarkable aberration, which

is entirely without the marginal orange spots of hind wing,

thus giving it a strong resemblance to Castniomera atymnius.

I propose the name ¢mmaculata for this form.

21 3 3,10 2 ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana,

Castnia licoides insularis, Houlb.

Castnia licoides, form insularis, Houlb, Etud. Lépid. Comp. fase. xv.

p. 235 (1918),

1 g,8t. Ann’s, Trinidad.

Castnia licoides peruviana, subsp. n.

I give this name to the subspecies from Peru, which has

already been described and figured by Houlbert [ Etud.

Lépid. Comp. fasc. xv. p. 235, pl. U. fig. 77 (1918)].

74 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniinze in the

This race can quite easily be distinguished by its large size

and the greater extent of white on the hind wings,

11 ¢ gb, Rio Tono, C. Peru; 6 ¢ gd, La Merced, C. Peru.

Ecuador race.

This race seems to be very variable as regards the size and

number of marginal orange spots of hind wing. I have not

sufficient material before me to venture to give it a name.

444,192, Garayaquillo, Keuador; 1g, Paramba,

Keuador.

Castnia licoides, ab. lico/della, Strand.

Castnia licus licoidella, Strand, in Seitz, Macrolep. Erde, vol. vi. p. 8,

pl. i. d (1913).

Tam quite of the opinion of Lord Rothschild [Novitat.

Zool. xxvi. p. 9 (1919)] that Weoddella, Strand, is nothing

more than an aberration of licoides, Boisd., and is to be found

among all the races of that species. Houlbert only knew of

specimens of licovdella from Peru, and as he had a long series

—twenty specimens—before him, it is not surprising that

he took it to be a distinct species. Iam, however, able to

add several new localities for this form, and iL thinks ae veal

Lepidopterists who possess it would carefully examine the

localities of their specimens that other localities would

probably be added to its already known habitat.

6 oo, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 ¢, St. Ann’s,

Trinidad; 1 ¢, Villavicencia, Colombia; 2 ¢ ¢, Ecuador ;

1 g, Canelos, Meuador.

Castnia albomaculata, Houlb.

Castnia albomaculata, Houlb, Etud, Lépid. Comp. fase. xiii. p. 59,

pl. iv. (1917).

3 ¢ 3, La Merced, C. Peru; 1 ¢, Rio Tono, C. Peru.

Castnia albomaculata talboti, subsp. n

Differs from typical form in having white band of fore

wing somewhat narrower and in the subapical white spots

not being so sharply defined ; the white band of hind wing

more continuous and less broken near costa than in the

Peruvian form.

286, Zarayaquilla, Ecuador.

Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. (pe

Erythrocastnia syphax, Fabr.

Papilio syphax, Faby, Syst. Entom, p. 480. no. 165 (1775).

In the long series from French Guiana there appears to be

but little variation, most of them having the black pateh in

the red border of hind wing at anal angle well marked ; but

one specimen is without it, and therefore agrees with the

Amazonian race. ‘There are two specimens of a curious

aberration which has the oblique white band of fore wing

interrupted at veins 2 and 3; for this aberration I propose

the name of interrupta.

26 6 Sd, 6 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 g,

Brazil? This locality is probably erroneous ; the specimen

was received from a German dealer bearing the ticket

“Castnia syphax, var. 2, Brasil.” It is a male, and has the

anal black patch in red border of hind wing well defined.

Evythrocastnia syphax completa, subsp. n.

This subspecies differs from the typical Guiana form in

wanting the anal black patch in red border of hind wing.

As already noticed, it occurs as an aberration in Guiana, but

in the Amazon district it is the typical form. One of the

specimens from Santarem resembles the aberration ¢nterrupta

described above, inasmuch as it has the oblique white band of

fore wing interrupted at vein 2.

235 g(type), Santarem, Amazons; 2 g 3, Para, Amazons.

Xanthocastnia evalthe, Fabr.

Papilio evalthe, Faby. Syst. Entom. p. 480, no, 166 (1775).

I think that allowance should always be made for the

roughness of Cramer’s figures. Lord Rothschild has already

pointed out [Novitat. Zool. xxvi, p. 1 (1919)] that, though

the originals in the British Museum are very well drawn,

that the reproductions are often very coarsely executed; I

therefore adopt the name of evalthe, Fabr., for the form from

French Guiana, and consider the name of evalthetformis,

Houlb., to be merely a synonym.

8 6 g,13 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 3, no

locality.

Xanthocastnia evalthe quadrata, Rothsch.

Castnia (Xanthocastnia) evalthe quadrata, Rothsch. Noyitat. Zool. xxvi.

p- 10 (1919).

One specimen from Ecuador wants the characteristic

cellular yellow spot on underside of hind wing.

76 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniinse tn the

One female is remarkable in having the black of hind wing

shot with steel-blue.

233, Zarayaquillio, Eeuador ; 1 g, 3 9 9, Chancha-

mayo, ©. Peru; 1 ¢, San Luis, C. Peru; 1 ¢, Rio Tono,

C. Peru; 1 g,1 ¢, La Merced, C. Peru.

Xanthocastnia evalthe evalthonida, Houlb.

Castnia evalthonida, Houlb. Etud. Lépid, Comp. fase. xiii, pl. iv. fig. 5

(1917).

1 ? , Colombia.

AXanthocastnia evalthe cuyabensis, subsp. n.

Fore wing of male not differing from that of the typical

form. Hind wing with the three anterior spots of the discal

band larger than in typical evalthe ; on the underside the spot

in cellule 5 is smaller than the others. In one male the outer

band of the fore wing extends to just below vein 4, and in

the other it nearly touches vein 3; the red spots and red anal

patch are variable in this species. The principal difference

between the female of this form and the type is in the slightly

wider subapical band of fore wing and in the discal band

being equally wide at anal angle as on costa.

1 ¢, River System, Cuyaba Corumba, Matto Grosso.

I am indebted to Mr. G. Talbot for the description of the

male of this new form, the type of which is in the collection

of Mr. Joicey, together with another specimen, the two being

from the same loeality as the female in Madame Fournier’s

collection.

Graya dalmani, Gray.

Casinia dalmanu, Gray, Trans, Ent. Lond. 1837, p. 145.

One specimen has the black spots in marginal red border of

hind wing well separated.

4 8 3, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Athis hegemon, Koll.

Castnia hegemon, Koll. Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. 1. p. 217, pl. xiii. fig. 2

(1839).

83,3 2 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Athis fons-colombet, Godt.

Castnia fons-colomber, Godt. Enc. Méth. vol. ix. p. 799. no. 18 (1824).

Lhis species shows considerable variation in the apical

Fees 8d Dey ieee, Pil aes 0 Ge 7 ee

Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 17

black makings of hind wing above ; some specimens have

the double series, marginal and submarginal, well developed ;

others have the submarginal series wanting, and, again, others

lack the marginal series. At present I have not seen an

example which entirely wants both series, but one specimen

in Madame Fourniér’s collection has the submarginal spots

barely indicated by reddish scales, and the marginal spots are

but very slightly developed, being represented only by black

scaling on the nervules.

21 846,4 2 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 ¢, no locality.

Athis fabric boisduvalii, Walk.

Castnia boisduvalii, Walk, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 27

(1854).

Dads 2 2 2, Brazil.

Athis fabricii papagaya, Westw.

Castnia papagaya, Westw. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 170,

pl xex. fie. 6.

Baa 6,0 9 2, Brazil.

Athis fournieri, sp.n. (Pl. IV. fig. 1.)

3. Upperside: fore wing dark chocolate-brown, the discal

area bearing the characteristic horseshoe-shaped mark of this

group, this mark being reddish orange in colour; marginal

area slightly paler and suffused with reddish-orange scales ;

three subapical transparent spots, of which the upper is the

smallest and the centre the largest. Hind wing reddish

orange, basal third black except costal area; discal wide pale

yellow band from inner margin, shading off into the reddish-

orange ground-colour just beyond vein 6; submarginal wide

black band from inner angle to near vein 8; a black spot

beyond at apex ; veins between this black band and margin

widely bordered with black.

Underside: fore wing orange-brown, apex chocolate-brown,

Inner margin shining greyish; a chocolate-brown costal

patch at end of cell, lower part of this patch black ; a sub-

marginal black bar from vein 1 to vein 4; transparent spots

as above. Hind wing cream-colour, suffused with reddish

brown on costal area; a reddish-brown band from costa to

end of cell ; a wide, marginal, reddish-brown band, of which

the upper half is suffused with cream, and a series of sub-

marginal pale creamy-red spots, diminishing in size towards

anal angle,

78 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniinee in the

Basal part of abdomen black, the rest pale yellow ringed

with black ; anal tuft orange-brown.

1 g, Ecuador.

This species seems to be nearest to A. herrichit, Boisd., but

may easily be distinguished by the orange hind wing, which

bears a most remarkable resemblance to that of Aeciloa pala-

tinus ferruginosa, Lathy.

Athis orestis, Walk.

Castnia ovestes, Walk. List Lepid. Ins, Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 26 (1804).

3 oS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 ¢, Brazil.

Paysandisia josepha, Oberth.

Castnia josepha, Oberth. Etud. Lép. Comp. 1918, vol. ix. 1, p. 68,

pl. celvii. fig. 2164 ¢, 2165 9.

1 ¢, Paysandu, Uruguay.

Elina icarus, Cram.

Papilio icarus, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 26, pl. xviii. figs. A, B (1775).

In the long series from Guiana before me I find several

specimens that have discal and submarginal white spots in

apical area of hind wings above.

20 3 o,7 2 ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Elina icarus penelope, Schauf.

Castnia penelope, Schauf, Nunquam Otiosus, p. 9, pl. i. (1870).

1 ¢, Santarem, Amazons.

Elina icarus endelechia, Druce.

Castnia endelechia, Druce, P. Z. 8. 1893, p. 280.

2 3 3, Sapucay, Paraguay.

Elina eudesmia, Gray.

Castnia eudesmia, Gray, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1838, p. 145.

1 g, Valparaiso, Chili; 1 9, Central Chili.

Ceretes marcel-serresi, Godt.

Castnia marcel-serres, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. p. 800 (1824).

1 g,4 2 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 ¢, Santa Cathe-

rina, Brazil; 1 g, no locality.

Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 79

Ceretes thais, Drury.

Papilio thais, Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 20, pl. xvi. fig. 4 (1782),

I quite agree with Lord Rothschild and Mr. Talbot that

gracillima, Houlb., is nothing but a slight aberration of thavs,

Drury, and not a local race. Madame Fournier has seven

females from Rio de Janeiro, and therefore, according to

Houlbert, these should be gracillima; but only two out of

these seven can possibly be referred to this form—the others

are thais, Drury.

268,72 ¥, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil; 1 6,1 9, Brazil;

1 3, no locality.

Sympalamides phalaris mygdon, Dalm.

Castnia mygdon, Dalm. Vet. Handb. Act. Holm, 1824, p. 403. no. 13,

pl. i. fig. 2.

1 g, no locality.

Sympalamides phalaris mimon, Hiibn.

Sympalamides mimon, Hiibn, Sannml, Exot. Sehmett. vol. ii. pl. exlii.

figs. 1, 2 (1822-24).

Very variable as to colour, some specimens being much

paler than others ; the spots of the hind wing vary from

white to buffish.

177 S36, > , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2 ¢¢; Sao

Paulo, Brazil; 3 ¢ 3,1 ¢, no locality.

Sympalamides phalaris sora, Druce.

Castnia sora, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvii. p. 217 (1896).

1 g, Sapucay, Paraguay.

Ypanema hiibneri, Boisd.

Castnia hiibneri, Boisd. in Latr. in Cuy., Régne Anim. vol. iil, p. 439,

pl. xx. fig. 2 (1880).

1 g, Nivac, Matto Grosso; 1 g, Brazil; 1 6, 1 2, no

locality.

Ypanema godartui, Mén.

Castnia godartii, Mén. Descr. Nouv. Esp. Lepid. Mus, Petr. pt. iii.

p- 180. no, 1462, pl. xi. fig. 4 (1863).

1 ¢, Theresopolis, Brazil.

80 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine in the

Ypanema decussata, Godt.

Castnia decussata, Godt. Ene. Méth. vol. ix. p. 799 (1824).

734,42 9, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2 ¢, Rio Grande

do Sul, Brazil; 1 ¢, Brazil; 2 g g, no locality.

Schaefferia amycus, Cram.

Papilio amycus, Cram. Pap. Exot. vol. iii. p. 60, pl. cexxvii. figs. D, Ei

(1779).

1g, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Schaeferia amycus albvinsignita, Strand.

Casinia amycus, form alboinsignita, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett.

Erde, vol. vi. p. 13, pl. v. d (1913).

2 3 3, no locality.

Aciloa inca, Walk.

Castnia inca, Walk. List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. p. 24. no, 22.

1 g, Honduras.

Aciloa inca orizabensis, Strand.

Castnia chitarcha, form orizabensis, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett.

Erde, vol. vi. p. 11, pl. viii. e (1918).

2 3 6, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

Aciloa palatinus, Cram.

Pupilio palatinus, Cram. Pap, Exot. vol. ii. p. 98, pl. clix. figs. B, C

Guana:

M. Houlbert divides this genus into two sections, which he

distinguishes only by the subapical transparent spots of fore

wing, one section having but one of these spots and the other

two. In the former section he places A. palatinus, but at

the same time (p. 457) he states that this species occasionally

has the second spot. ‘Lhe submarginal pale spots in black

border of hind wing vary considerably in size.

48 6 8,12 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Aciloa palatinus pallida, subsp. n.

This race differs from typical palatinus in being paler and

in the median band of hind wing being white instead of

yellow.

264, St. Ann’s, Trinidad.

i Collection of Madame Gaston Fuurnier. 81

Aciloa palatinus ferruginosa, subsp. n.

Differs from typical palatinus and the race palatinoides in

having the ground-colour of fore wings above much redder ;

the submarginal..reddish-brown spots of hind wing are tri-

angular and touch at their bases ; the eround-colour of the

fore wing below is uniform dull orange, without the brown

apical area of the other forms. In palatinus and its known

races the costal black patch contains an orange patch at its

lower end ; in the new race the costal patch is entirely black

and there are two black spots between veins 2 and 3, of

which the upper is the larger. Hind wing below similar to

that of palatinus, but more reddish in tint, the submarginal

band black.

1 2, Chanchamayo, Peru.

Aciloa superba orientalis, subsp. n.

This race differs from the figure given by Strand in Seitz,

Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. p. 11, pl. v.@ (1913), in having

the fore wing considerably darker. Strand’s figure shows a

discal area pale yellow; in the new race this area is dark

plumbeous grey and corresponds to the colour of the sub-

basal area of Strand’s figure. The subapical spots are not

of equal size, the lower being twice that of the upper; the

ellow band of hind wing is narrower and the marginal spots

smaller and well separated. Strand does not figure the

underside, and his description (Joc. cit. p. 12) is very short ;

I therefore give a detailed description of the new race :—

Fore wing: basal third orange-brown 5 a large costal black

atch at end of cell, subbasal black patch on vein 2 ; median

band yellow, becoming orange towards costa, apical area dark

brown, subapical pale spots as above; a submarginal black

band, commencing on inner margin and extending or gradu-

owing to a point to vein 6; this band inwardly

ally narr

and and outwardly with orange

edged with narrow orange b

patches.

Hind wing yellowish white,

brown border ; submarginal spots as above, but

black patch at anal angle; obscure reddish-brown patch on

discal area extending from costa to cell.

1 ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana,

with wide, marginal, reddish-

more yellow ;

Imara pallasia, Esch.

Castnia pallasia, Esch. Kotzeb. Reise, vol, iii. p. 27, pl. vi. fig.

(1821).

This species is very variable as to white band, and also

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 6

82 Mr. P. T. Lathy on the Castniine in the

to red spotting, of hind wing, and I feel sure that with a long —

series one. would find all forms of passage from typical

paltasia to a form almost without red, and from the wide-—

banded variety to the extreme form wmbratula, which has —

black hind wings.

1 g,1 2,n0 locality; 1 @, Santa Catharina: these are —

typical pallasia. 12 8 6, 2 2 9, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil:

form lativitia, Strand. 1 9, Sao Paulo, Brazil: form n7-

grescens, Houlb. 2 6 8,1 ¢, without locality: form wmbra-—

tula, Strand.

TImara satrapes, Koll.

Castnia satrapes, Koll, Aun. Wien. Mus. i. p. 216, pl. xii. fig. 3 (1839).

The specimen in the collection before me agrees almost |

exactly with Westwood’s figure [Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.

ser. li., Zool. vol. i. tab. xxxi. fig. 4 (1875) ]; the subapical

spots of fore wing are wanting and the submarginal spots in

the black border of hind wing are more reddish brown than

in those of the figure. I cannot guarantee the exactitude of

locality, as the specimen was purchased, and not received

direct.

1 9, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Imara satrapes catharina, Preiss.

Castnia satrapes, var. catharina, Preiss, Neue & Sett., Art. Cast. p. 7,

pl. 1. fig. 1, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1899).

1 g, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Prometheus cochrus, Fabr.

Papilio cochrus, Faby. Mant. Ins. pt. ii. p. 25. no. 263 (1787).

The specimen from Sao Paulo differs from those from Rio

in having the white markings of hind wing of more equal

size, thus giving the impression of a white band rather than

a white patch; the abdominal red patches are also much

smaller, and in this respect resemble those of garbe’, Foett.

4 3 6, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 ¢, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Prometheus garbet, Foett.

Casinia garber, Foett. Rey, Mus. Paul. vol. v. p. 659, pl. xvi. fig. 6 |

(1902).

586,52 3, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 83

Orthia therapon, Koll.

Castnia therapon, Koll. Ann. Wien. Mus. vol. i. p. 218, pl. xiii. fig. 3

(1839).

The principal variation of this species appears to be in the

yellowish spotting of the marginal black border of hind wings.

Houlbert rightly remarks [Etud. Lép. Comp. xv. p. 505

(1918) | that this character is individual and not sexual ;

Madame Fournier’s series of males varies from a specimen

with but a faint indication of a yellowish spot at anal angle

to another which has a series of seven spots.

11 83,2 2 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Cyanostola diva chiriquensis, Strand.

Castnia diva chiriquensis, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi.

Pigld (1913).

2 2 2, Chiriqui.

Cyanostola diva tricolor, Feld.

Castnia tricolor, Feld. Reise ‘ Novara,’ Lépid. iv. pl. Ixxix. fig. 8 (1874).

1 2, Bogota, Colombia.

Haemonides ras Cram.

Papilio cronis, Cram, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. p. 125, pl. elxxviii. fig. A

(1777),

This species appears to be exceedingly rare, and, with the

scanty material to work upon, it is very difficult to say

whether there are several races or not. Houlbert had appa-

rently no specimen for examination, and was only acquainted

with the various figures. I am inclined to think that

Cramer’s figure, without black band on hind wing below,

represents an extreme aberration, and that Strand’s figure re

Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vol. vi. pl. vi. ¢ (1913), represents

the other extreme with heavy black band on hind wing below.

The two females before me are intermediate between these

two, and one of these has the band slightly more accentuated

than the other. Therefore I think this character is of no

specific value whatever, and of doubtful subspecific value ;

one of the females has the nervular white rays of tore wing

well marked, as in Cramey’s figure.

The males have the underside of hind wing entirely

without dark band; the two specimens differ slightly,

inasmuch as one of them somewhat resembles the female in

84 Mr. P. I. Lathy on the Castniine: in the

having the black margin of hind wing feebly dentated at |

the nervules, in the other this dentation is only noticeable

at apex.

28 38,2 2 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Haemonides cronida, Herr.-Schiff.

Castnia cronida, Herr.-Schiff. Samml. Auss. Schmett. p. 56, pl. lvii.

fie. 142 (1850-69).

Variable as to number of yellowish-white spots in marginal

black border of hind wing. In one specimen these are almost

absent, in another seven well-marked spots are visible, all

intermediate forms being represented. ‘This remark applies

only to the males; all the females before me have at least six

well-defined spots.

30 8 6,13 ¢ 2, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Herrichia acraeoides, Gray.

Castna acraeoides, G. R. Gray, in Griffith, Anim. Kingd. y. pl. lu.

fie. 4 (1882).

1 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Tephrostola gramivora, Schaus.

Castnia gramivora, Schaus, Journ. New York Entom. Soc. vol. iy.

no. 4, p. 147 (1896).

1 9, Castro, Parana.

Cabirus linus, Cram. (P1]. IV. fig. 2.)

Papilio linus, Cram. Pap. Exot. vol. iii. p. 111, pl. eclvii. fig. A (1779).

12 6 6,9 ? ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

Cabirus linus obidonus, Rothsch.

Castnia (Cabirus) linus obidonus, Rothsch. Noy. Zool. xxvi. p. 24 (1919).

1 g, Obidos, Amazons.

Cabirus linus peruviana, Strand.

Castma linus peruviana, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Hrde, vol. vi.

p. 14 (1913).

1 ?, Chanchamayo, Peru.

Collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 85

Cabirus linus dodona, Druce.

Castna dodona, Druce, Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist, (6) xvii. p. 218 (1896).

1 g, Eeuador.

Cabirus linus micha, Druce.

Castnia micha, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvii. p. 217 (1896).

14,1 2, Sapucay, Paraguay.

Cabirus linus heliconoides, H.-S.

Castnia heliconoides, H.-S. Sammi. ausseur. Schmett. p. 56, pl. xxviii.

fic. 15 (1853).

36 68,2 2 ¢, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 1 9, Brazil.

Cabirus omissus, Rothsch. (Pl. IV. fig. 3.)

Castnia (Cabirus) linus omissus, Rothsch. Noy. Zool. xxvi. p. 24 (1919).

When Lord Rothschild described this as a subspecies

of C. linus, Cram., he had before him but three specimens of

C. linus—two from Dutch Guiana and one without locality,—

while all his omzssus were from French and British Guiana.

Madame Fournier has, however, a series of C. linus from

French Guiana, taken at the same timeand place as the long

series of C. omissus ; therefore there can be no question of

omissus Deing a local race of linus.

Dr. Jordan, who has been kind enough to examine the

types in the Tring Museum for me, suggests that the

difference between linus and omissus may be dimorphic, and

his examination of the genitalia resulted in finding no

difference between them except in the size of the penis-

sheath, which he states may be due to contraction; two

omissus and one linus were examined.

For the present I have regarded omissus as a species; it

would be interesting if Lepidopterists who possess long series

of the southern and western races of C. linus would carefully

examine them, in order to find if the omissus form occurs in

all localities with it; up to the present I only find omdssus

in Guiana and the Lower Amazon.

Apart from the distinguishing characters given by Roth-

schild, the nervules of the hind wing of linus are elothed

with black scales—in omzssus this is not so. Also in linus

veins 4 and 5 of hind wing are well separated where emitted

from cell, and in omissus they are close together.

2783, 72%, Lower Maroni, French Guiana; 1 g,

Brazil ?

86 Mr. P. I. Lathy on Castniine.

Cabirus omissus fassli, subsp. n.

May be separated from typical race by the much larger

subapical hyaline patch of fore wing and larger submarginal

hyaline spots of hind wing.

1 g, Tapajos, Amazons (type) ; 1 3, Obidos, Amazons.

Boisduvalia melanolimbata, Strand.

Castnia melanolimbata, Strand, in Seitz. Grossschmett. Erde, vi. p. 16,

pl. viii. e (1918).

This species is exceedingly variable, as might be expected

ina Castnia mimicking a Melinaea. In the series before me

I find males as pale as the female figured by Houlbert

(Etud. Lép. Comp. fase. xv. pl. edlix. fig. 3841) and one

female as dark as the male figured on same plate (fig. 3840) ;

one male has submarginal row of pale yellow spots, and

others have but one or two, while the majority want them

entirely. The amount of black on hind wing is also very

variable, some specimens having nearly all the wing black,

and from these are all variations to a specimen which has but

a slight suffusion of black scales.

216.6 5\ 1593. Rio Tono, Cy. Peru 56 6:57 2)0 Gee

Merced, C. Peru; 2 ¢@ 4, 1 9, Chanchamayo, C. Peru ;

28 3, Utcuyacu, C. Peru.

Boisduvalia tarapotensis, Preiss.

Castnia tarapotensis, Preiss, Neue & Selt., Art. Castnia, p. 10, pl. vi.

tig. 5, pl. vii. fig. 11 (1899).

1 9, Upper Amazons.

Gazera cagraea, Feld.

Castnia zagraea, Feld. Reise ‘ Novara,’ pepe iv. pl. Ixxix. fig, 2 (1875).

29 9, Chirigui.

Gazera hahneld canelorina, Strand.

Ca stnia canelorina, Strand, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana, 1914, p. 24, Taf. x.

fig. 5

1 2, no locality.

Nasca pelasgus, Cram.

Papilio pelasgus, Cram. Pap. Exot. ili. p. 16, pl. ecii. fig, D (1779).

2 2? ¢, Lower Maroni, French Guiana.

New Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam, 87

V.—New Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam.

By Hersert €. Rosryson and C. Bopun Kross.

In this paper are described most of the new forms obtained

by one of us during a visit to South Annam and

Cochin China in 1918, others secured by our collector

during a journey down the Mekong River in 1920, and

two races of squirrels obtained at earlier dates in Siam

and Cambodia.

1. Tupaia glis cochinchinensis, subsp. n.

Rather smaller than 7. g. concolor, Bonhote, of South

Annam, browner and less olivaceous, being much more

richly coloured—the buff element in the pelage of concolor

being everywhere replaced by deep ochraceous buff (almost

ochraceous orange).

Darker and more richly coloured also than 7. g.cambodiana,

Kloss, from the coast of Cambodia, which is olivaceous on

the shoulders with a buffy neck-stripe and less rusty on the

rump. Mammze 8—3=6, as in both the others.

T. g. cochinchinensis is at times profusely blackened on

the posterior back, as also is 7. g. concolor.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Trang-

bom, 30 miles east of Saigon, Cochin China, on Ist June,

1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3622/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Five from the type-locality compared

with ten examples of concolor and seven of cambodiana.

For measurements see table on p. 89.

2. Tupaia dissimilis annamensis, subsp. n.

Like 7. d. dissimilis (Ellis, in Grey) of Pulo Condore off

the south-east coast of Cochin China, but the whitish ocular

borders and neck-stripes more distinct; as a series less

suffused with rusty above and on the tails, which are also

distinctly darker beneath, i. e., blacker.

Upper parts a grizale of black and buff, darkest on the

head and suffused with ochraceous tawny on the rump: feet

finely grizzled black and buff.

Under parts and inner sides of limbs buff to cream-colour.

Tail coarsely annulated buff and black, the latter in excess ;

the lower median line dull buffy. Mammz 3—3=6.

88 Messrs. H. GO. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on

The skull is short-snouted, of the kind figured as chinensis

and cuyunis by Lyon (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlv. 1913, pl. vin.

fic. 1, pliaix. fies):

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull),collected at Daban,

South Annam, 6590 ft., on 14th March, 1918, by C. Boden

Kloss. No. 3204/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Four from the type-locality com-

pared with twenty from Pulo Condore.

Remarks.—The difference between this and the typical race

is very slight; but taken as a series the twenty island-

animals are much more ferruginous.

It appears necessary to regard JT. dissimilis as a distinct

species, since its representative in Annam occurs side by

side with concolor, which is undoubtedly only a race of

T. glis.

For measurements see table on p. 89.

3. Crocidura indochinensis, sp. un.

Very much smaller and darker than C. fuliginosa, Blyth

(type compared).

Viewed with the head pointing to the left and the light

from the front : above deep neutral grey, the upper portion

of the hairs warm clove-brown—the general effect being

greyish clove-brown, slightly grizzled ; beneath dark mouse-

grey. With the head pointing to the light the under body

appears frosted, 7. e., dark grey suffused with silvery. A few

brownish hairs on the feet. Tail paler below than above,

clad beneath with short scattered silvery hairs: a few

longish hairs near the base.

External measurements taken in the flesh :—

Head and body 59 (?) mm.; tail 50; hind foot 12:2;

ear 9.

Skull: greatest length 17:2; front of incisors to posterior

extremity of skull 17:7; basal length 15-1; palatal length

6°9; maxillary tooth-row to tip of incisors 7-4; breadth of

rostrum between lachrymal foramina 8; greatest breadth

of palate-expansion outside molars 55; mastoid breadth 8°1 ;

length of mandible including incisors 10°8.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected at Dalat,

Langbian Plateau, South Annam, 5000 ft., on 7th April, 1918,

by C. Boden Kloss. No. 8359/CBK. The only specimen

obtained.

new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. 89

23 4 |

Hpi. = a

BO} — =>

Z| 5 fas fea 3 os

H = ail [Ras | 5 | 2

F : - Bo} | SS be a sic = A -

Species. Sex| & | T./Hr) E.] a |/ 3) ®/a 8 8/85i q/2 Remarks.

Sylsizs| & Se c s

B = oo & |\O-n|o F s| + =

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3 | ® 3 9\/egi2 2| 2 |] a

= re o =) ~ Hw

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J S oo Ae iis! o bs

o Dn = S| a2) 2} 2 oo

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mo) a) iP Je | Ss

Tupaia glis co-

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Tupaia dissimilis |

annamensis ...| g |180/182|; 41 a 49 | 46 | 25:3) 165°1; 19°5) 6°8 | 14°7| 25°2| 3204/CBK.

4. Ratufa bicolor smithi, subsp. n.

A large race of fF. bicolor (Sparmm.), differing from the

typical form in having the back almost entirely buffy, the

tail black, and the yellow of the limbs sharply margined.

Below antimony-yellow to warm buff extending over

the sides of the head and neck to the bases of the ears,

over the upper part of the fore-limbs from thumb to shoulder

and frequently over the upper side of the hind feet.

Eyelids, a long moustachial stripe passing through the

roots of the vibrissz, nose, lips, and two spots on the chin

black. :

Remainder of pelage varying from black to brown, except

for a brownish-buff patch between the ears and the whole of

the dorsal area from nape to rump, where all the hairs have

long buffy tips’; generally, but not always, there is a line of

clear black between the buff of the upper and lower parts.

The buff-tipped hairs extend over part of the thighs, but

rarely to shoulders or fore-limbs.

Feet and tail generally clear black, though sometimes the

tail-hairs are tipped with rusty brown, while the extremity

bleaches to a pale colour.

There is a good deal of variation in the yellow of the

back : in fresh pelage it is buff, but it becomes chamois-

coloured, and in very abraded examples disappears altogether.

The yellow of the sides of the face and neck and of the

throat is sometimes a little paler than elsewhere.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected on the

Langbian Peaks, South Annam, 6000 ft., on 22nd April,

1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3501/CBK.

90 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on

Specimens examined.—Three from the type-locality ; one

from Arbre Broyé, 5400 ft., three from Dalat, 4500 ft., and

two from Dran, 3000 ft., Langbian Mountains.

Remarks.—The general colour and pattern of this animal,

except for the heavy buff mantle, are those of the Javan and

Continental black-and-tan squirrels ; the yellow back allies

it specially to the typical bicolor, while in the black tail it is

like other mainland forms. It emphatically shows that the

latter are only subspecies of Ratufa bicolor.

The largest example obtained has a skull length and

breadth of 79 and 50 mm. respectively.

(Named after my companion in Annam, Dr. Malcolm

Smith, C.B.K.)

For measurements see table on p. 93.

5. Callosciurus ferrugineus williamsont, subsp. n.

Above : head and body burnt-sienna to orange-rufous; a

few black-tipped hairs on the head and ears, but nowhere

any grizzled areas. Feet like limbs. Base of fur on body

and limbs blackish.

Chin and sides of neck ochraceous orange ; remaining

under parts orange-rufous washed with bay to deep bay

sharply margined from the colour of the sides, ete. Even

in the palest-bellied examples the margination can be traced.

Genital region partly orange-rufous. Tail with proximal

half bay to chestnut, but the hairs at their bases and the

whole of the distal part of the tail ochraceous orange.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) obtained at Khet

Don Heing, northern bank of the Mekong just below Xieng

Khan on the Paklai loop, on 31st January, 1920, by H. C.

Robinson and C. Boden Kloss’s collector. No. 7183/S.

The type is an intermediate example: the extremes

described above are a male and female, Nos. 7188 and

7191/S from Ban Na Tung, north bank of the Mekong just

below Vien Chan (Vien Tian), on 8th February, 1920.

Specimens examined.—Seventeen from the north bank of

the Mekong River between Muang Liep, lat. 18° 14’ N., and

Ban Manao, long. 104°E., a little south of the mouth of the

Pak Sa tributary.

6. Callosciurus ferrugineus herberti, subsp. n.

A good deal of black on the feet and tail; chin, outer

sides of head, neck, and limbs grizzled olivaceous.

new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. 1

Beneath ochraceous orange, slightly washed with bay on

the abdomen, to bay; distinctly margined on the sides.

Above varying from burnt-sienna grizzled with black,

chestnut on the rump and darkest on the median line, to

rufous with the median line chestnut ; a pale rufous thigh-

patch. Tail ochraceous orange to chestnut much blackened ;

terminal portion creamy to ochraceous orange.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) obtained at Hup Bon,

near Sriracha, S.E. Siam, on 25th July, 1915, by Mr. E. G.

Herbert’s collector, No. 2017/CBK. The type is the darker

extreme, the paler specimen, No. 2018/CBK, has the same

history and was collected on 27th July.

For measurements see table on p. 93.

7. Callosciurus ferrugineus pierre?, subsp. n.

Like the form inhabiting Cambodia, but decidedly darker,

especially on the median area of the back, limbs not annu-

lated or grizzled; sides of the head and muzzle dark

grizzled black and ferruginous, very black in the neigh-

bourhood of the vibrissz. Tail with a clear pale buffy tip.

Feet and hands rather lighter than the rest of the pelage,

ungrizzled.

Type. —Adult (skin and imperfect skull) collected by Pierre

on Phu Quoc Island, off the coast of Cambodia, in February

1874 (ex Paris Museum). Brit. Mus. No. 78, 6. 17. 27.

Measurements.— Hind foot (dry) 47°5 mm.

Skull: palatilar length 23°2 ; diastema 13:0; upper molar

row including pm‘ (alveolar) 11:0 ; least interorbital breadth

19:2; zygomatic breadth 34:0; median nasal length 17°83.

8. Callosciurus ferrugineus phanrangis, subsp. n.

Above a grizzle of black and pale buff, blackest along

the median line, the general effect being a buffy grey

changing through pale buff and ivory to white on the feet.

Top of muzzle and sides of head paler grey, ears brighter

and more buffy, their bases at the back whitish grey.

Chin and sides of neck buffy greyish, remaining under

parts cream-colour to warm buff. ‘Tail like upper parts, but

more coarsely annulated.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) with moderately-

worn teeth, collected at Tour Cham, near Phanrang,

S. Annam, on 23rd May, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No.

3660/CBK.

92 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and CG. Boden Kloss on

Specimens examined.—Hight from the type-locality, two

taken in March and six in May.

Remarks.—This is a depauperated form of S.f. griseimanus

(M.-Edw.), inhabiting the sterile coastal plain of Phanrang.

Its range inland is limited by the forested hills, 10-20 miles

to the west, where S. f. griseimanus occurs.

For measurements see table on p. 93.

9. Tamiops macclellandi laotum, subsp. n.

Outer pale stripes interrupted on the shoulders, only the

median stripe black, under parts cream-colour.

Above a fine grizzle of black and buffy, the general colour

effect being brownish grey. A median dark stripe com-

mencing behind the shoulders, bordered by ,greyish-buffy

stripes more buffy than the head, these in turn bordered

externally by ferruginous stripes speckled with black deeper

than the head; below these come buff stripes, followed below

by stripes the same colour as above. A buff stripe from

the muzzle along the sides of the neck. Hind feet buffy,

more so than the fore feet. Hairs of ears with white tips

and black bases.

Below creamy, the hairs with grey bases. Tail annulated

black and ochraceous, the hair tipped with pale buff.

The series varies: the most north-easterly examples are

darkest and have the dark dorsal stripes most intense—

in one instance the outer pair being almost black; the

southernmost specimens are palish and most buffy, one

especially (No. 7238/S from Ban Houei Huo Chang)

practically lacking any rufous suffusion above.

Type.— Adult male. (skin and skull) obtained at Pak Hin

Bun, Laos, on the Mekong (iat. 17° 35’ N.) on 2nd March,

1920, by H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss’s collector.

No. 7235/8.

Specimens examined.—The type: ten specimens from be-

tween Pak Hin Bun and Ban Na Sao, 40 miles to the

north-east ; and four from between Pak Hin Bun and

Savanaket, 60 miles down river, from the Laos bank or

islands in mid-stream.

For measurements see table on p. 93.

10. Tamiops macclellandi moi, subsp. u.

Like 7. m. lao, but darker above ; upper parts more

suffused with ferruginous, so that, in addition to being more

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richly-coloured generally, the yellow stripes are ochraceous

instead of buff, while the rump and the outer pair of dorsal

stripes are a brighter brown.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected on Langbian

Peaks, South Annam, 5500-6500 ft., on 25th April, 1918,

by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3524/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Hight from the type-locality ; two

from Arbre Broyé, 5400 nie seven from Dalat, 4500 ft..;

and two from Dran, 3000 f , Langbian Mountains.

For measurements see ab le on p. 95:

1]. Rattus edwardsi milleti, subsp. n.

Above dark brown (between bone-brown and clove-brown),

darkest down the median line, paler and greyer on the

limbs (dark hair-brown), and also on the sides, which are

grizzled with dull buff; sides of neck rather brighter, tinged

with buffy brown.

Entire lower surface and inner sides of limbs sharply

margined white except for a broad hair-brown band across

the ankles of the hind feet and the hair near the base of the

tail.

Tail dark throughout above, paler below, but least so

proximally. Feet dark, the margins and digits pale.

Mamme 2—2=8. Pelage of the back composed of soft

hairs and slender flattened spines.

Skull hke that of the Malayan form R. e. ciliatus (Bon-

hote), but with interparietal longer and less straight

anteriorly and bulle larger.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Dalat,

Langbian Plateau, 8S. Annam, 5000 ft., on 11th April, 1918.

No. 3393/CBK.

Remarks.—At a casual glance the colour and pelage of this

animal suggest relationship with the bowerst group of rats

with ivory-coloured incisors. It has, however, nothing to

do with them, but is aremarkably distinct race of R. edwardsi,

other forms of which are ciliatus, mentioned above, and

setiger, Robinson & Kloss, of Sumatra.

(Named in honour of Monsieur I. Millet, who gave me

the only specimen obtained. I am greatly indebted to

Monsieur Millet for assistance and hospitality during my

visit to the Langbian Plateau.— C. B. K.)

For measurements see table on p. 98.

new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. 99

12. Rattus sabanus revertens, subsp. n.

Coiour asin. R. sabanus vociferans (Miller) of Peninsular

Siam, but hind foot with a narrower dark median stripe.

Below ivory-yellow (one ex. juv., white).

Skull with nasals longer and more truncate Rasistaniy:

ending level with the premaxillary sutures, not pointed and

falling short of them, with the frontals penetrating between

the premaxillaries ; fronto-parietal suture much more curved.

Type.—Male, vix ad. (skin and skull), collected at Daban,

Phanrang Province, South Annam, 650 ft., on 15th March,

1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 8219/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Four from the type-locality.

Remarks.—This form has a closer resemblance to R. s.

vociferans than to the geographically-intermediate and more

adjacent race R. v. herbert, Kloss, of East Siam.

For measurements see table on p. 98.

13, Rattus moi, sp. n.

Pelage very soft, close, and velvety, owing to the total

absence of spines and piles; on this account not blackened

as in Rattus surifer koratensis, Kloss, which occurs in the

same region ; also more richly coloured above.

Upper parts ochraceous orange, brightest on the middle-

back, lightest on sides and fore limbs ; head tinged with

greyish wood-brown ; median hne and mid-back, where many

of the hairs have dark tips, slightly speck'ed with blackish.

Under parts of body and limbs white, sharply margined,

and narrowly continuous to the feet ; muzzle brown, lips and

post-vibrissal area white. ‘Tail bicoloured with a white tip,

scutes exceedingly small, 19-20 rings to the centimetre.

Extreme base of tail below clad with hair like that above.

Skull of the same general type as that of R. s. koratensis,

but separable by narrower infraorbital foramina, owing to

the more vertical position of the plates, larger interparietal,

much larger palatal foramina, and less truncate interpterygoid

space; rostrum markedly shallower, but the incisors more

prominent laterally.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) collected at Arbre

Broyé, Langbian Mountains, South Annam, 5400 ft., on

13th May, 1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3588/CBK.

Specimens examined.—T wo from the type-locality.

For measurements see table on p. 98.

96 Messrs. H. C. Robinson and C. Boden Kloss on

14. Rattus bukit champa, subsp. un.

Much darker than R. 6. bukit (Bonhote) of the Malay

Peninsula; bullae much larger. Nearest in colour to the

dark form from the lowlands of Java, R.b. temmincki, Kloss,

but posterior termination of nasals broader, palatal foramina

and bullee still larger.

Not so bright as R. b. marinus, Kloss, from the islands

Koh Chang and Koh Kut, 8.H. Siam, the rostrum shorter,

the interpterygoid space narrower, and the bull larger.

Type.—Aged female (skin and skull) collected on the

Langbian Peaks, South Aunam, 6000-7000 ft., on 20th April,

1920, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3474/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Thirty-four from the type-locality ;

four from Arbre Broyé, 5400 ft. ; thirty-five from Dalat,

4500 ft.; two from Dran, 3000 ft., Langbian Mountains ;

and three from Daban, Phanrang Province, South Annam,

650 ft.

15. Rattus blythi mekongis, subsp. n.

Externally like R. dlythi * from North Tennasserim and

Western Siam, but the skull with the nasals broader

posteriorly, the interparietal longer and the interpterygoid

space broader.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) obtained at Bak Mat

on the Mekong River, Laos (lat. 18°53’ N.), on 20th January,

1920, by H. CG. Robinson. and ©. Boden Kloss’s collector.

No. 7172 2/S. é

Specimens examined. —The type and another specimen from

Muang Liep, 25 miles down river ; compared with seven

examples of R. blythi from near Raheng, W. Siam.

Remarks.—We are uot in a position to say whether Rattus

blythi is a distinct species or only a form of an older-named

species; but to show the intimate relationship of the Mekong

animal ‘with that from Schwegyin we have referred it to

blythi.

For measurements sce table on p. 98.

16. Rattus cremoriventer langbianis, subsp. n.

Most nearly resembling &. c¢. cretaceiventer, Robinson

& Kloss, of Java; but a little duller in colour and the tail

more finely ringed.

* Rattus blythi, Kloss (Mus cinnamomeus, Blyth, nom. preoce.), Ree.

Ind, Mus. xiii, 1917, p.8; id. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, iv. 1921, p. 65.

—— ss

new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam. 97

Skull with interpterygoid space and basioccipital a little

narrower ; bulle a little more dilated; foramen magnum

nearly circular in outline, not flattened and oval.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) collected on Langbian

Peaks, South Annam, 5500-6500 ft., on 28th April, 1918,

by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3556/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Two from the type-locality and three

from Dalat, Langbian Mountains, 4500 ft.

17. Rattus molliculus, sp.n.

Superficially resembling immature examples of the Annam

country rat, Rattus rattus sladeni (Anderson), but the upper

parts totally devoid of spines, the feet paler, and the under

parts varying from pure white to buffy white with visible

grey bases to the hairs. Mamme 2—3=10 instead of

3—3 = 12 as in sladeni.

Skull remarkably like that of R. 7. sladeni, but much less

robust, especially more slender throughout. Infraorbital

foramina larger, most noticeable when viewed from above ;

bullz larger and more dilated and more nearly paralleled.

Above “sayal”’? brown to buffy brown (Ridgway),

streaked with blackish, paler and greyer on sides of head

and body and on the limbs. Hind feet white, fore feet only

a little paler than the forearms.

Under parts varying from fur with grey bases and creamy

tips in the older animals to pure white in the younger.

Tail dark throughout,-but generally clad beneath proxi-

mally with short silvery hairs: about 13 rings to the

centimetre at mid-length.

Type.—Female vix ad. (skin and skull), collected at Daban,

Phanrang Province, South Annam, 650 ft., on 23rd March,

1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 38267/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Seven from the type-locality, one

from Ban Na Kham, 1150 ft., North Siam (27 miles east of

Outeradit), and one from Ban Tuoi, Laos, just below Pon

Pissai on the Mekong.

Remarks.—Though superficially so like immature A. rattus,

this animal has nothing to do with that species and, knowing

no other to which to refer it, we must regard it as quite

distinct.

For measurements see table on p. 98.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 7

98 On new Mammals from French Indo-China and Siam.

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On South African Grasshoppers. 99

18. Tautatus that annamensis, subsp. n.

Like 7. ¢. thai, Kloss *, of Western Siam, but smaller

and darker.

Pelage spineless ; above a grizzle of black and buff or

ochraceous buff, much duller and more blackened than in

TT. t. thai; limbs and sides of head greyish; below deep

neutral grey, the hairs with white tips, the effect being

silvery. Feet white. Tail dark above, pale beneath.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), collected at Dalat,

Langbian Plateau, South Annam, 4500 ft., on 11th April,

1918, by C. Boden Kloss. No. 3391/CBK.

Specimens examined.—Three from the type-locality.

For measurements see table on p. 98.

VI.—On some new or little-known South African Grass-

hoppers. By B.P. Uvarov, F.E.S., Assistant Entomologist,

Imperial Bureau of Entomolog gy.

Tue present paper includes descriptions of a number of new

or insufficiently known short-horned grasshoppers from the

collection sent to the Imperial Bureau of Entomology by

the Division of Entomology, Pretoria, and by Prof. J. C.

Faure, of the Transvaal University College T, as well as of

one new genus found amongst a small, but very interesting,

lot sent by Dr. Ch. K. Brain, of the Agricultural College,

Stellenbosch.

All the types are preserved in the British Museum, while

paratypes of species represented by more than a couple of

specimens have been returned to the Division of Entomology,

Pretoria, and to the Transvaal University.

Subfamily Carayrorrva.

PRETORIANA, gen, nov. (Fig. 1.)

?. Rather closely related to the genera Ischnacrida, Stal,

and Rhamphacrida, Karsch. Antenne feebly ensiform, dis-

tinctly but not strongly flattened ; each of the joints of the

* Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, ii. 1917, p. 272; iii. 1918, pp. 63, 71.

} See my previous paper on the same collection i in Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (9) viii. pp. 8369-892, October 1921.

7[*

100 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

basal half widened towards apex and its apex distinctly-

broader than the base of the following joint, so that the

antennz seem to be obtusely bi-serrate. Head shorter, but

thicker, than the pronotum. Face very strongly reclinate,

very coarsely punctured throughout ; frontal ridge scarcely

impressed, gradually divergent downwards, not reaching the

clypeus; median ocellus very small. Fastigium of the front

widely separated from the fastigium of vertex by an arched

emargination. Lateral ocelli placed close to the eyes, very

small. Fastigium of the vertex a little longer than its

basal width, rotundato-triangular ; its surface lies on 2

distinctly lower level than the vertex between the eyes, but

still there is no transverse sulcus separating the fastigium

from the rest of the vertex; the middle area of the fastigium

up to the apex is smooth and flat, while the sides of its

upper surface are very coarsely and densely punctured,

Fig. 1.

Pretortana klerki, gen. et sp. n.

forming thick convex lateral margins. Vertex between the

eyes convex, with a well-developed median carinula and two

irregular low lateral carinule; all these carinule extend

into the occiput, but do not reach the pronotum. Eyes

strongly oblique, elongato-oval, with the apex pointed, one

and a half times as long as broad and more than twice as

long as the infraocular space. Pronotum compressed later-

ally; its disc distinctly convex in the prozona and more

flattened in the metazona, cut by three straight transverse

Sulci ; prozona one and a half times as long as the metazona;

the fore part of the prozona subequal to the metazona ; the

middle part of prozona equal to one-third of its fore part ;

the hind part of prozona almost twice as long as its middle

South African Grasshoppers. 101

part ; median keel well developed, cut by all three sulci; no

lateral keels ; the fore margin rounded ; hind margin with

a broad, but not deep, obtusangular emargination in its

middle. Lateral lobes of the pronotum much longer than

high, strongly narrowed downwards; their fore margin

oblique, feebly sinuate, forming a right angle with the

straight lower margin ; the hind margin more oblique than

the fore margin, slightly concave in its lower part; the hind

angle a little more than 90°. The whole surface of the

pronotum, except a callous stripe along the lower margin

of the lateral lobes, is very coarsely punctured. Prosternal

spine very strongly laterally compressed, short, bent back-

wards, with the apex, as seen in profile, angulate. Sternum

strongly laterally compressed; sternal plate nearly three

times as long as broad, coarsely punctured throughout.

Mesosternal lobes elongato-rhomboidal ; their length nearly

equal to their joint width ; their inner margins touching

each other along the straight median line ; the fore mar-

gins forming a very obtuse rounded angle, the hind

margins forming a slightly less obtuse angle. Metasternal

lobes a little shorter than their joint width at the fore

margin, distinctly narrowed posteriorly, touching each other

along the median line. Elytra reaching to the middle of

the abdomen and almost reaching the hind knees, narrowed

towards the lanceolate apex. Wings distinctly shorter than

the elytra, two and a half times as long as they are broad.

The legs as in the genus Jschnacrida.

Genotype: Pretoriana klerki, sp. n.

This curious genus is closely related to the genera /schna-

crida and Rhamphacrida, but is very easily recognized by

the quite peculiar shape of the head, as well as of the

antenne.

1. Pretoriana klerki, sp. n.

?. Antenne reaching to the middle of the metazona,

brown. General coloration buff. Face brown. Sides of

the fastigium of vertex brown, its middle part paler, with a

blackish longitudinal fascia fading gradually towards the

occiput, where it becomes greyish white, bordered with buff

lateral fasciz ; the rest of the occiput greyish white ; cheeks

somewhat brownish, with a pale longitudinal fascia along the

lower margin, which extends also across the lower margins

of the pronotal lobes and into the pleure, gradually fading

backwards. Disc of the pronotum buff, with a not sharply-

defined reddish-brown fascia along the median keel, which is

102 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

of a lghter shade than the fascia; lateral lobes reddish

brown, darker along the upper margin. . Elytra pale buff

basally and hyaline apically, with the principal veins reddish

brown. Wings hyaline, with the principal veins somewhat

reddened basally and pale buff elsewhere. Hind femora

on the outside brownish buff, with the lower part of the

externo-median area yellowish (corresponding to the lateral

fascia on the head, pronotum, and pleurz) ; the inside with

a deep black fascia along the basal two-thirds of the lower

margin, which emits several brown transverse fascie. Hind

tibize of the general colour, beneath with the base and apex

black ; the spines with the tips brown.

? (type).

mm,

Length of body... 00.0 c- 57

5 HeAC teee wel ecre 7

, pronotum...... 8

+ elyitae teas 25

hind femora,... 20

The unique type-specimen of this interesting insect was

taken by Mr. F. de Klerk at Pretoria in April 1921, and I

have much pleasure in dedicating it to the collector.

Subfamily Locusrryz.

2. Gdaleus gracilis, Sauss.

1884, Gi[daleus] migrofasciatus var. gracilis, Saussure, Prod. Cidipod.

p. 116. no. 8.

CEdaleus nigrofasciatus, auctorum (nec De Geer), ox partim.

This is one of the most common species of Gidaleus in

South Africa, and it is quite distinct from the Palearctic

O. nigrofasciatus, owing to the more slender habitus, smaller

head, and, especially, the shape of the pronotum, which in

O. ngrofasciatus is rectangular behind, while in O. gracilis

it is obtusely rounded ; this form of the hind pronotal

margin is intermediate between that in O. nigrofasciatus and

O. senegalensis, in which the pronotum is widely rounded

behind. Some more slender specimens of O. nigrofasciatus

are very much like O. gracilis, but always easily separated

by the shape of pronotum, and I believe that I am quite

correct in restricting the name gracilis, applied by Saussure

to both Palearctic and South African slender specimens, to

the latter only, and I am sure that O. gracilis is a quite good

species, though very closely related to O. nigrofasciatus.

South African Grasshoppers. 103

All records of the latter species from South Africa must be

referred to O. gracilis, which is very widely distributed in

that country and known to me from many localities.

BrRaIniA, gen. nov.

Slightly reminding in its general appearance of a

Sphingonotus, but differing from it strongly in many im-

portant characters,

Antenne short, filiform. Face slightly reclinate, convex.

Frontal ridge in profile regularly convex in its upper part,

practically straight i in thé rest, very little projecting, almost

flat, but with the margins distinctly incrassate. Fastigium

of the vertex strongly ‘sloping, in profile regularly rounded,

gradually running into the frontal ridge, without any mar-

ginal carinee ; its surface perfectly flat, without a median

carina ; the distance between the eyes twice as broad as the

frontal ridge in its broadest portion, which is just above

Fig. 2.

Brainia hirsuta, gen. et sp. n.

the ocellus. Occiput regularly convex. Pronotum rela-

tively broad and short, with a feeble constriction before the

middle ; its disc slightly convex in the prozona and practically

flat in the metazona; the transverse sulci distinct, but: not

deep, complicately curved (see fig. 2); the fore margin of

the pronotum envelops the occiput like a collar, obtusangu-

lately excised in the middle, with two round lobes sideways

from the emargination ; the hind margin obtusangular, with

the apical angle not at all rounded and the sides straight ;

no trace of median or lateral keels; lateral lobes of the

104. Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

pronotum half as high again as long, impressed in the middle,

with the transverse sulci very distinct; their fore angle

obtuse, the hind angle straight and rounded, the lower

margin slightly ascending in its fore half, very obtusely

sinuate behind its middle, the hind margin practically

vertical. Prosternum with its fore margin incrassate.

Mesosternal lobes (in the female) distinctly transverse, with

the inner angles practically straight but widely rounded ;

mesosternal interspace distinctly broader than one of the

lobes and about twice as broad as it is long. Metasternal

interspace decidedly longer than its width in front, narrowed

posteriorly, but the lobes still broadly separated from each

other. Klytra scarcely extending beyond the hind knees,

gradually narrowed from the middle towards the apex,

which is oval; the neuration very remote (fig. 3), the

Brainia hirsuta, gen, et sp. v.

extreme base of the elytra only being coriaceous. Wings a

little shorter than the elytra, hyaline. Hind femora mode-

rately incrassate, gradually narrowed towards the apex.

Hind tibize somewhat widened apically, without outer sub-

apical spines; both inner spurs about twice as long as the

outer ones, thick, regularly bent. Subgenital plate (of the

female) twice as long as broad, with the apex bisinuate.

Lower valves of the ovipositor small, with the apical portions

small and narrow ; the upper valves larger and thicker, with

thick blunt apices.

Genotype: Bratnia hirsuta, sp. n.

3. Brainia hirsuta, sp. un. (Figs. 2 & 3.)

9. The sides of the head (less so the face), of the pro-

notum, mesonotum, and metanotum, as well as all legs,

especially the femora, covered with fairly dense whitish hairs,

General coloration whitish ochraceous. Antenne with in-

distinct dark rings. Head lilae-white with scattered reddish

punctures, especially on the cheeks. Pronotum of the same

South African Grasshoppers. 105

colour as the head, turning reddish ochraceous behind ; the

hind margin of the disc reddish castaneous. Hlytra very

pale ochraceous, hyaline, with an oblique transverse reddish-

ochraceous fascia in the middle and the second one of the

same colour in the apical quarter; neither of these fasciz

extends over the radial veins or reaches the hind margin.

Wings perfectly hyaline, with the veins in the fore part

very pale ochraceous. Front and middle legs with regular

castaneous rings. Hind femora with two distinct reddish-

castaneous fasciz on the upper side, and with a row

of castaneous points along the lower carina of the externo-

median area, which is almost white; the knees reddish

ochraceous. Hind tibie bluish, armed with 8-9 pale black-

tipped spines on each side. The underside of the body dirty

yellowish.

Length of the body 17 mm.; of the pronotum 38°5; of

the elytra 18; of the hind femur 10.

The unique type of this imteresting imsect was taken by

Dr. Ch. K. Brain at Kenhardt, Cape Colony, 14. in. 1921.

The genus is strikingly different from any other known,

4. Scintharista magnifica, sp. n.

2. A little smaller and distinctly more slender than

S. notabilis, Walk.; much like S. forbesi, Burr. Antenne

thin, extending a little beyond the hind margin of the pro-

notum. Face vertical; frontal ridge shallowly impressed

below the ocellus, with the margins very feebly raised,

slightly approximate at the fastigium, gradually diverging

between the antenne, slightly but rather suddenly con-

vergent just before the ocellus, parallel below the latter

down to the middle of the distance between the ocellus and

clypeus, where they become distinctly divergent and lowered,

disappearing without reaching the clypeus. Temporal

foveole small, triangular, not well-defined. Fastigium of

the vertex sloping, slightly narrowed anteriorly and pos-

teriorly, feebly impressed, distinctly longer than broad, with

a faint indication of a median carinula between the eyes;

the distance between the eyes exceeds only a little the width

of the frontal ridge between the antennz. Eyes very feebly

oblique, rather small, their height subequal to two-thirds of

the subocular space. Occiput slightly uneven. Pronotum

distinctly compressed laterally, but scarcely constricted in

the prozona ; its dise decidedly tectiform, with the median

keel sharp, in profile slightly arched, deeply intersected by

the transverse sulcus, which is placed distinctly before the

106 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

middlé; surface of the prozona cut by the rather deeply

impressed sulci and rugulose between them; the fore

margin obtusangularly produced ; the hind angle a little

less than 90°, scarcely rounded at the apex ; lateral lobes

nearly twice as high as they are long, with deep transverse

sulci, shallowly impressed between them, punctured in the

metazona ; their lower margin widely rounded behind the

middle, with the fore portion obliquely ascending and form-

ing an obtuse, not rounded, angle with the fore margin ;

hind angle widely rounded; hind margin straight, vertical.

Mesosternal lobes transverse, with the interspace at its fore

margin narrower than one of the lobes, but strongly widened

posteriorly, Metasternal interspace subequal in its width

to the mesosternal ; about twice as broad as long. LElytra

reaching well beyond the middle of hind tibiz ; the whole

basal half entirely coriaceous ; the basal part of the apical

portion is also densely reticulated, subcoriaceous; the

branches of the radial vein more strongly curved than in

S. notabilis. Wings more than one and a half times as long

as their maximal width. Hind femora comparatively short.

General coloration greyish ochraceous with indefinite

brown marmoration and punctation. Face somewhat whitish.

Elytra without definite spots or fascie; their basal half

from beneath is deep shining chocolate-brown, with the

radial and axillar veins ochraceous. Wings with the dise

dark rose; a black fascia starts at the middle of the fore

margin and perpendicularly to the latter, right across the

wing to the hind margin, which it reaches a little behind

its middle; there the fascia turns along the hind margin,

gradually narrowing and fading away, and does not reach

the inner margin; the width of the fascia is variable,

because *its margins are very irregular ; the apical part of

the wing is entirely hyaline, with dark veins. Pectus and

abdomen from beneath bluish. Hind femora indistinctly

marmorated with brown on the upper side; the externo-

median area somewhat whitish, with brownish oblique sulci

and a row of oblong brown spots along the lower carina; the

inside is bluish black with a pale preapical ring; the lower

inner sulcus blackish blue ; the inner knee-lobes black ; the

knee from above bluish brown. Hind tibize greyish blue,

with an indefinite pale ring near the base. Hind tarsi pale.

mm. mm,

Length of body «......... 35 27

. pronotum...... 8 55

elytra: Yaseneen' 38 28°5

hind femora .... 19 1s

South African Grasshoppers. 107

Described from the female type and a male paratype from

Laingsburg, Cape Province, 3. x. 1917; one male from

Spitzkop, Barkley West, Cape Province, 15. xii. 1917; one

male from Beaufort West, 25. iv. 1917; and one female

from Deelfontein (Col. Sloggett).

This species is closely related to S. forbesi, Burr, from

Sokotra, but easily distinguished from it by the reticulation

of the elytra, apart from the coloration of the wings.

5. Acrotylus nigripennis, sp. 0.

6. Small, but not slender. Antennz nearly twice as

long as the head and pronotum, somewhat flattened, dis-

tinctly thickened towards the apex. Head distinctly

prominent above the pronotum, slightly reclinate. Frontal

ridge sulcate throughout, except near the clypeus ; its sulcus

separated from the fastigial impression by a feeble keel ; its

margins gradually divergent from the fastigium towards the

median ocellus, slightly approximated and parallel below the

ocellus and divergent, but gradually disappearing towards

the clypeus; the ridge at the ocellus is twice as broad as at

the fastigium and distinctly narrower than the width of the

vertex between the eyes. Temporal foveole flat, triangular,

longer than wide. Fastigium of the vertex strongly sloping,

distinctly depressed, about twice as long as broad ; its lateral

carine sinuate; the apex trapezoidal, truncate. Eyes

slightly prominent above the vertex, oval, slightly higher

than long, and their height subequal to the height of the

subocular space. Pronotum not longer than its width at

the shoulders, strongly constricted in the prozona, distinctly

selliform, with two broad and shallow postocular impres-

sions; the disc in the prozona convex, with a scarcely

indicated first transverse sulcus and almost imperceptible

median keel; the typical transverse sulcus placed in the

middle, not very distinct ; metazonal disc very feebly convex,

with the median keel low; hind margin widely rounded ;

lateral lobes much higher than long; rather strongly im-

pressed between the sulci; their fore margin bisinuate; the

lower margin widely rounded in the hind half; the fore

angle very obtuse, rounded ; the hind angle very widely

rounded. Mesosternal lobes strongly transverse; their

inner margins oblique, divergent posteriorly ; the hind

margins not parallel to the fore margins; the inner angles

very obtuse ; mesosternal interspace strongly transverse, as

.wide as one of the lobes, distinctly widened posteriorly.

Metasternal lobes separated by an interspace about as long

108 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on -

as it is broad. Elytra moderately long, less than five times

as long as broad; the basal two-thirds coriaceous; the

apical third, beyond the apex of the discoidal area, entirely

hyaline, with very sparse reticulation, without false veins

and with the cells elongate ; intercalate vein in the discoidal

area almost straight, parallel to the radial vein ; the inter-

calate areas with an irregular, but dense and somewhat

obliterated reticulation; the hind intercalate area slightly

widened towards the apex, and near the apex about twice as

broad as the front intercalate area; the interulnar area a

little broader than the hind intercalate area, with the cells

in two irregular rows and a partly obliterated reticulation ;

ulnar furcus about as broad as the hind intercalate area,

with two irregular rows of rather large cells. Wings less

than twice as long as broad, with the outer margin widely

rounded and the apex very broad.

General coloration brownish grey. The lower part of the

face whitish. An irregular blackish fascia runs across the

front, just below the fastigium of the vertex, and is connected

with the broad shining black postocular fascia by a narrow

stripe of black colour embracing the lower half of the eye-

orbit; cheeks marmorated with white, pale and grey ; eyes

from above with two indefinite grey transverse fascie ;

occiput with a triangular blackish spot near the pronotum,

and indistinctly marmorated with grey elsewhere. Pro-

notum with two broad, dark brown lateral fascize on the

prozona, which are better defined on the inside than on the

outside; a pair of small pale callous spots on the prozona,

and a pair of much larger callous spots at the fore outer

angles of the metazona; disc of the metazona of a somewhat

darker shade than that of the prozona; lateral lobes whitish

in. the lower parts, with a pale callous spot below the

middle; margins with indistmet brown spots. LElytra of

the general colour in the basal two-thirds, where they are

coriaceous, with three rows of irregular brownish spots in

the scapular, discoidal, and anal areas; the apical third

hyaline, with two rather large infumate spots at the base,

along the radial vein, with veins and veinlets partly

brownish. Wings uniformly and very strongly infumate

throughout, slightly yellowish at the very base, with the

principal veins black. Hind femora with two indistinct

brownish facise on the upper side and brown knees. Hind

tibie grey with brown base.

? (paratype). Differs from the male type in the following

characters :—Antenne extending a little beyond the pro- -

notum. Frontal ridge sulcate throughout, strongly widened

——

South African Grasshoppers. 109

from the fastigium towards the median ocellus, suddenly

constricted below the latter, then gradually widened towards

the clypeus; -its margins almost reaching the clypeus.

Mesosternal interspace distinctly broader than one of the

lobes. Metasternal interspace about half as broad as

the mesosternal, and twice as broad as long. Elytra

extending only a little beyond the hind knees. Wings

more narrow than in the male. Coloration much the

same as in the male, but with better-pronounced markings.

Elytra with two rather broad fascize in the marginal area,

and with two rows of spots in the discoidal and in the

anal areas. Wings less strongly infumate than in the male,

with the base, apex, outer margin, and very narrow rays

along the principal veins somewhat hyaline. Hind femora

with three distinct fasciz on the upper side. Hind tibize

dotted with brown and with a blackish line along the lower

margin.

3 (type). 2 (paratype)

mm, mm.

Length of body ........ 13°5 18

A pronotum.... 2°5 3

59 elyiriny oi). 13 15°5

+3 hind femora .. 9 10%

The male type was taken between Dealesville and Bloem-

fontein, Orange Free State, 19. v. 1917, and the female

paratype at Bloemfontein, 13.11. 1918 ; these are the only

two specimens known.

The species is easily recognisable by the peculiar colora-

tion of the wings, apart from the good morphological

characters presented by the head, pronotum, and the vena-

tion of elytra.

Subfamily Prreouorrurr..

PHYMELLA, gen. nov.

Somewhat recalling Chrotogonus in its habitus, but not

so strongly depressed, and with the head, and especially the

pronotum, far more strongly tuberculate.

Antenne placed below the ocelli and a little above the

middle of the eyes; in the female distinctly, in the male

scarcely shorter than the head and pronotum, thick, scarcely

depressed, the joints a little longer than broad. Face

strongly reclinate; frontal ridge in profile obtusangulately

broken just below the middle ocellus, narrowly sulcate

throughout, but not reaching the clypeus, between the

autenne compressed but only feebly prominent. Lateral

110 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

ocelli placed on the margins of the fastigium, quite close to

the eyes. Eyes distinctly prominent sideways, a little

higher than long. Fastigium of the vertex slightly ascen-

dent, a little shorter than an eye, rotundato-truncate at the

apex, with a narrow longitudinal sulcus, and separated from

the rest of the vertex by an arched transverse sulcus ; this

hind part of the vertex begins distinctly before the eyes,

being strongly convex and armed with large, laterally com-

pressed tubercles. Pronotum not rounded, armed with a

median row of tubercles and with three pairs of large,

laterally compressed obtuse teeth, besides numerous smaller

tubercles ; lateral lobes longer than high ; their hind Jower

portion distinctly expanded sideways, with the hind angle

obliquely truncate and armed with a conical tubercle. Pro-

sternum with its fore margin incrassate and feebly raised.

Sternum broad, with a complete transverse sulcus at the

fore margin ; mesosternal lobes in both sexes a little longer

than broad, distinctly widened posteriorly, with the inner

and hind margins straight and the inner angles subacute,

more so in the male; mesosternal interspace distinctly

narrowed posteriorly, in the male as long as its width in

front, in the female much broader than long. Metasternal

foveole small ; metasternal interspace in the male twice, in

the female about five times, as broad as long. Mesopleure

and metapleure strongly rugulose, with several tubercles

flattened dorso-ventrally. Elytra about as long as the pro-

notum, elliptical, covering each other on the inner margin.

Wings a little shorter than the elytra, coloured. Fore and

middie femora in the male incrassate. Hind femora rather

narrow, but thick ; externo-median area with the oblique

ridges strongly raised, irregular, callous; the lower outer

area distinctly dilated; the knee-lobes short, triangular,

rounded at the apex. Hind tibiz with obtuse keels, thick-

ened apically ; eight outer and ten inner spines ; no outer

apical spine. Supra-anal plate of the male lanceolate, with

the apex rounded ; cerci short, triangular, feebly laterally

compressed ; subgenital plate short, obtuse. Valvze of the

female ovipositor sinuate; the surface of their basal portions

covered with tubercles; the outer margins of the upper

valve obtusely denticulate basally ; the lower valvee with an

obtuse tooth.

Genotype: Phymella capensis, sp. n.

This genus is not easy to place in any of the sections of

the Pyrgomorphine, established by Dr. I. Bolivar*. It is

* ‘Genera Insectorum,’ 90 fasc.,, Acridiide, Pyrgomorphine, 1909,

pp. 3, 4.

South African Grasshoppers. Tit

not unlike the genus Chrotogonus, but the position of the

ocelli and the shape of the prosternum debar it from the

section Chrotogoni. The armature of the pronotum and

the shape of the sternum seem to indicate its relationship to

the section Phymatei, but, again, the sternum has a well-

developed transverse sulcus at the fore margin, which is not

the case in Phymatei. It seems, therefore, that a special

section should be established for this genus, but I prefer to

abstain from erecting it, since this might be better done in

a revision of the whole subfamily. In any case, the new

genus is so peculiar in all its characters that it may be easily

recognised from the description without an exact indication

of its systematic position.

6. Phymella capensis, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

g- General coloration yellowish green, with grey design.

Antenne brown, with two basal joints pale. Face with four

pale callous tubercles, placed in an arched transverse line

just below the median ocellus ; margins of the frontal ridge

with three pairs of dark olive-green streaks in the lower

part. Fastigium of the vertex blackish, with yellowish

margins; vertex just behind the transverse sulcus with a

rather large, laterally compressed tubercle, obtusely tri-

angular in profile, and with two oblong callosities laterally ;

between the eyes there is another smaller median tubercle,

and sideways and a little behind it a pair of more obliquely

placed compressed tubercles, followed by another pair of

quite small rounded tubercles nearer to the eyes ; all these

tubercles are blackish. Pronotum calloso-rugulose through-

out; only the second and third transverse sulci are well

developed and deep, while the first is but slightly indicated

in the middle of the disc; median keel on the prozona un-

developed, replaced by three blackish tubercles, the first of

which is larger than the two others; metazona much shorter

than the prozona, with coarse, though not dense, blackish

punctures, and with a low straight median keel terminated

behind by a laterally compressed blackish tubercle ; the

disc with a pair of high, strongly laterally compressed,

blackish teeth just before the second sulcus and rather near

the middle line ; a pair of small conical tubercles at the

same distance from each other between the second and

the third sulcus, and a pair of large, laterally compressed,

obtusely triangular teeth on the sides of the disc, directed

outwardly ; a pair of laterally compressed blackish tubercles

on the hind outer angles of the metazona ; the hind margin

112 On South African Grasshoppers.

of the latter obtusely prominent in the middle. Lateral

lobes of the pronotum with two small, laterally compressed,

pale tubercles on the fore margin, a small blackish, obtusely

conical tubercle in the middle of the fore part, a pale-

coloured round callous spot at the fore lower angle and

irregular pale callosities on the lower part of the metazona.

Elytra with cells dark olive-green and veins green, except

in the marginal area, which is brownish throughout; an

indistinct row of brownish spots along the axillar veins.

Wings carmine-red, with the veins in the fore part bluish.

Phymella capensis, gen. et sp. n.

Abdomen marmorated with blackish, olive-green, and ochra-

ceous spots and dots, with a lateral row of large pale spots.

Hind femora with a rather wide olive-green transverse fascia

on the upper side, and numerous indefinite spots and dots

of the same colour. Hind tibize muddy green.

@ (paratype). General coloration brownish ochraceous,

with tubercles on the head and pronotum more distinctly

blackened, and with markings on the hind femora and

abdomen also blackish, instead of dark olive-green, as in the

male. The pronotum also bears several quite small black

On new Staphylinidee from the West Indies. 113

tubercles between the larger ones, which are exactly like

those described in the male.

d (type). (paratype). (paratype).

mm. mm, min,

Length of body ........ 17 12 22

“4 ST J a 3°75 3 “4

es pronotum ,... 45 35 6

i elytra sofas. 5 3°25 5

A hind femora ., 6 6 9

The type is from Herbert, Cape Province, 15. vy. 1917;

. two more males are from the same locality ; four males (one

immature) and three females from Spitzkop, Berkley West,

Cape Province, 15. xii. 1917.

This species, like many other Pyrgomorphine, occurs in

two chief colour-forms—one green (as the male type) and

another more or less brownish ochraceous (as the described

female paratype), which do not differ from each other mor-

phologically. The size is also rather variable, as may be

seen from the dimensions given above.

VII.—Deseriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from

the West Indies. By Matcoztm Cameron, M.B., R.N.,

F.ES.

Part IT.

(Continued from ser. 8, vol. xii, 1913, p. 351.)

PaHDERINI.

43. Lathrobium insulare, sp. n.

Black, shining; the abdomen pitchy-black ; thorax on

either side of the middle with a row of ten or eleven rather

small punctures ; dise of elytra each with four rows of fine

punctures. Antennze fuscous, the base and apex testaceous ;

legs fusco-testaceous.

Length 45 mm.

In build very similar to Z. dimidiatum, Say, but the head

a little broader and the elytra a little shorter, and the series

of punctures finer and more obsolete.

Head subquadrate, a little broader than the thorax, the

sculpture consisting of larger and smaller punctures by no

means closely placed and still more sparing on the disc.

Antenne with the second joint a little shorter than the

Ann. & Meg. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 8

114 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

third, the fourth and fifth a little longer than broad, the

sixth to the tenth about as long as broad.

Thorax with a dorsal row of ten or eleven fine punctures

on either side of the middle, externally with a curved row of

six or seven fine punctures, and between this and the lateral

margin three or four others. Elytra about as long and as

broad as the thorax, with a row of fine punctures along the

suture, an obsolete row situated along the middle of the

disc. A humeral row of eight or nine punctures of larger

size, and just externally a row-of very fine obsolete punc-

tures at the reflexed margin. Abdomen pitchy, finely and

rather closely punctured and pubescent.

3. Unknown.

Jamaica, Type in my collection.

XANTHOLINI.

44, Leptacinus parumpunctatus, Gyll., var. n. fauvelt.

This variety is distinguished by its bright chestnut-red

thorax and straw-coloured elytra, the scutellary and sutural

regions only being a little infuscate.

‘St. Vincent and Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the

British Museum.

45. Somoleptus claviscapus, sp. n.

(Fauvel, en ltt.)

Reddish brown, shining. Head and thorax finely and

sparingly punctured ; elytra scarcely perceptibly punctured.

Legs testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

About the size and build of S. parvulus, Shp., but with

longer antennee, the first joint being considerably elongated

for so small a species, and much more sparingly punctured

fore-parts.

Head oblong, scarcely widened behind, very finely and

sparingly punctured. Antenne with the first three joints

testaceous, the first notably elongated for the size of the

species, the third a little shorter than the second, the fourth

to the tenth strongly transverse. Thorax a little narrower

than the head, finely and sparingly punctured. Elytra as

long as the thorax, exceedingly finely and sparingly punc-

tured and pubescent. Abdomen finely and sparingly

punctured and pubescent. Legs testaceous. -

Grenada, Mount Gay Est. (Hl. H. Smith). Type in the

British Museum.

from the West Indes. 13)

46. Somoleptus unicolor, sp. n.

Black, shining; the fore parts rather finely and not closely

punctured, Antenne and legs reddish testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

Head (including the mandibles) subtriangular, the temples

a little widened behind, the posterior angles rounded, punc-

turation rather fine and not very close, more sparing poste-

riorly. Antennze with the third joint shorter than the

second, the fourth to the tenth transverse, gradually in-

creasing in width. Thorax a little narrower than the head,

longer than broad, widest at the anterior angles, the sides

narrowed and a little sinuated posteriorly, rather finely and

not very closely punctured, except for a smooth median

longitudinal space. LElytra scarcely as long as the thorax,

longer than broad, finely, rather obsoletely, and not closely

punctured, finely pubescent.

Abdomen pitchy-black, the posterior margin of the last

dorsal segment pitchy-testaceous, finely but not closely

punctured and pubescent.

Jamaica. ‘Type in my collection.

47. Xantholinus vilis, Shp., var. nu. fuscipennis.

Differs only from the type in the blackish first joint of

the antenne and the more obscure coloration of the elytra,

which are more or less indeterminately infuscate for the

anterior half or more, and the darker tibie.

Jamaica. ‘Type in my collection.

48. Xantholinus (s. str.) insulatus, sp. n.

(insularis, Fauvel, in litt.)

Black, shining ; the elytra pitch-brown. Antenne with

the first joint blackish, the remainder and the legs brownish

testaceous.

Length 6°3 mm.

Build and coloration of X. alticola, Shp., the head very

similarly punctured, but the thorax w ith the dorsal row of

punctures more numerous and smaller, and the elytra much

more sparingly punctured.

Head oblong, the posterior angles rounded, puncturation

moderately strong, close at the sides and ‘temples, very

sparing on the disc ; lateral frontal grooves wanting ; no

visible ground-sculpture. Antenne with the second joint

shorter than the third, the fourth to the tenth trausverse,

116 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

gradually increasing in breadth. Thorax scarcely as wide

as the head, with a dorsal row of ten or eleven rather small

punctures, which are somewhat confused anteriorly, a similar

row of eight or nine externally, and five or six close to the

anterior angles. Elytraa little broader than, but scarcely as

long as, the thorax, longer than broad, very sparingly, finely,

and obsoletely punctured *. Abdomen very finely and very

sparingly punctured.

Grenada and Mustique (H. H. Smith). Type in British

Museum.

49. Diochus perplexus, sp. 0. Ke

(Fauvel, in litt.)

Pitchy-brown, shining ; thorax with a dorsal row of three

small punctures on either side. Antennz with the first

three joints, and the legs, yellow testaceous.

Length 2'5 mm.

Very similar in build to D. nanus, Er., but the head a

little broader behind and the thorax less narrow, the punc-

tures of the head are also more numerous and more in

series than in that species.

Head subquadrate, very slightly widened behind, with a

row of small, closely-placed punctures internal to the eye on

either side, and a few others posteriorly and on the temples.

Antenne as in JD. nanus, Er. Thorax a little wider. than

the head, cylindrical, with three punctures (the anterior

remote and more external) on either side, and four or five

near the lateral margin. LElytra a little broader than, but

scarcely as long as, the thorax, longer than broad, with three

rows of small and obsolete punctures along the disc.

Abdomen very finely and moderately closely punctured and

pubescent.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum, |

50. Diochus apicipennis, sp. n.

Fauvel, zn litt.)

Shining, chestnut-red; the apex of the elytra and the

abdomen more or less infuseate. Thorax with a dorsal series

of three punctures on either side. Elytra very sparingly,

scarcely perceptibly punctured.

Length 3-4 mm.

Build of D. nanus,-Er., but with the head less spnvinely

* This puncturation is variable, and is much more distinct in some

examples.

from the West Indies. 117

punctured and average size larger; the antenne are similarly

constructed and reddish testaceous.

St. Vincent (7. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

51. Diochus antennalis, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in litt.)

Reddish testaceous, shining ; the head and base of the

abdomen often darker, the elytra paler. Antennz and legs

testaceous.

Length 3-3°5 mm.

Build of D. nanus, Er., but at once distinguished from it

and the above-described species by the much longer antenna,

the fourth joint being distinctly longer than broad, and the

following ones much less strongly transverse. The sculpture

differs little from that of D. nanus.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

STAPHYLININI.

52. Holisus rufoniger, sp. n.

(erythroderus, Fauyel, in ltt.)

Depressed, black, shining; the thorax and abdomen

bright reddish testaceous, the anterior portion of the seg-

ments of the latter sometimes more or less infuscate. Ely tra

pitchy. Antenne and legs reddish Rewbaceous.

Length 3°3 to 4 mm.

In build similar to H. atratulus, shal but smaller.

Head black, quadrate, the posterior angles briefly rounded,

the front triangularly impressed, and with an oblique im-

pression internal to the eyes on either side, which with the

frontal one are moderately coarsely and closely punctured

and bound a V-shaped smooth space, the sides moderately

coarsely but not closely punctured, the vertex smooth;

ground-sculpture firm and strigose. Antenne with the

second and third joints of equal length, the fourth as long as

broad, the fifth to the tenth transverse, gradually increasing

in breadth, the penultimate twice as broad as long,

Thorax reddish testaceous, narrower than the head, much

more finely, but not less closely, punctured than the head,

and with a similar ground-sculpture. Scutellum reddish,

sparingly and obsoletely punctured. Elytra pitchy-red or

pitchy-brown, about half as long again as the thorax,

longer than broad, closely aud rather finely punctured

118 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinides

and pubescent. Abdomen moderately finely and not very

closely punctured and pubescent, the last segment yellow.

Haiti, St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in my collection.

53. Neobisnius limbatus, sp. n.

Black, shining; the first three joints of the antenne, legs,

and posterior border of the elytra yellow-testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

Build of N. mixtus, Shp., and closely allied thereto, but

differs in the colour and much closer puncturation of the

head, thorax, and elytra.

Head rather coarsely and pretty closely punctured, the

front and small space on the vertex smooth. Antenne with

the second and third joints of equal length, the fourth and

fifth a little longer than broad, the sixth to the tenth slightly

transverse, the eleventh oblong-oval. Thorax a _ little

narrower than the head, narrowed behind, with very similar

sculpture to that of the head, except for a narrow smooth

impunctate space in the mid idle which extends throughout

the entire length. Elytra as long as, but a little Branden

than, the thorax, longer than broad, finely and closely-

punctured and pubescent. Abdomen very finely and closely

punctured and pubescent.

g. Sixth ventral segment with a semicircular excision.

Haiti. Typein my ‘collection.

54. Neobisnius niyroceruleus, sp. n.

Deep black, shining; the elytra obscurely blue-black.

Antenne entirely dark; femora obscurely testaceous, the

tibiz and tarsi pitchy.

Length 5 mm.

Build of N. concolor, Shp., but a little smaller; the

antenne more slender; the puncturation of the fore parts

less close and with a bluish elytral reflex.

Head (in the ¢) subquadrate, larger; in the ? sub-

orbicular, smaller, moderately coarsely and not Very closely

punctured, the disc narrowly impunctate, the front some-

times with a small longitudinal impression. Antenne with

the second and third joints of equal length, the fourth to

the eighth longer than broad and gradually decreasing in

length, the ninth and tenth scarcely differing in length and

breadth. Thorax, except for the smooth median space,

punctured very similarly to the head. Scutellum very finely

and sparingly punctured. Elytra as long as the thorax,

from the West Indies. 1g

rather finely and not very closely punctured and pubescent.

Abdomen with the first four visible segments transversely

impressed at the base, the impressions rather coarsely and

closely punctured; the rest of the abdomen much more

finely and much more sparingly punctured; pubescence

rather coarse and not very close.

6. Sixth ventral segment with an acute triangular smooth

impression at the posterior margin, which has a shallow

emargination corresponding to the base of the i Hap ession,

Haiti. Type in my collection.

55. Neobisnius funerulus, sp. n.

(Fauvel, tn “tt.)

Black, shining. Antenne with the first three joints

reddish testaceous; legs obscure testaceous, the tibix in-

fuscate.

Length 4 mm.

Build and coloration of N. concolor, Shp., but smaller

than that species, with the base of the antennz lighter, and

the head, thorax, and elytra much more closely punctured,

though the punctures themselves are of similar size. The

second joint of the antenne is shorter than the third, the

fourth to the seventh longer than broad, gradually decreasing

in length, the eighth to the tenth about as long as broad.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

56. Philonthus silvaticus, sp. un.

Very black, shining; the elytra shining bronze-green.

Thorax with dorsal row of six punctures *. Antenne black,

the penultimate joints slightly transverse, the terminal joint

clear testaceous yellow. Legs pitchy-brown, the base of the

femora sometimes lighter.

Length 6°75 to 7 mm.

Build of P. rusticus, Shp., and evidently closely allied

thereto ; the head, however, though of the same shape, is a

little narrower, and, like the thorax, is without metallic

reflex ; the elytra are much more finely and indistinctly

punctured, the legs darker, and the last joint of the

antennze clear testaceous.

Head broader in front, the temples gradually convergent

behind, the diameter of the eyes less than their length, the

posterior angles broadly rounded ; median intraocular punc-

tures widely separated ; temples with two or three small

* According to the enumeration adopted by Erichsen.

120 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

punctures, two or three on either side at the base, and four

near the posterior border of the eyes, otherwise impunctate

and without ground-sculpture. Antenne with the second

and third joints of equal length, the fourth to the seventh

a little longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length,

eighth scarcely, ninth and tenth slightly transverse, the

eleventh nearly as long as the two preceding together.

Thorax nearly cylindrical, scarcely narrowed behind, the

dise on either side with a row of six evenly placed and

moderately large punctures and externally a curved

row of three smaller punctures. Scutellum closely

and rather finely punctured. Hlytra about as long

as, but broader than, the thorax, scarcely broader

than long, moderately finely and moderately closely

punctured and pubescent. Abdomen gradually narrowed

behind, the bases of the first three segments closely and

moderately coarsely punctured, the rest of the abdomen

much more sparingly and wore finely punctured and

pubescent. Anterior tarsi a little dilated in both sexes ;

first joint of the posterior tarsi a little longer than the last.

&. Head broader; sixth ventral segment with a small

rounded emargination in the middle of the posterior margin,

correspondivg to the base of a small triangular impression.

Hab. Jamaica. Type in my collection.

57. Philonthus water housei, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in litt.)

Black, shining ; head subquadrate, Jarge. Thorax with

dorsal row of six punctures. Antenne with the first two

joints reddish testaceous, the last sometimes reddish; legs

testaceous, tibize infuscate.

Length 4 to 5 mm.

Except for the smaller head this species has the same

build as P. serpens, Shp., but has the first two joints of the

antenne testaceous, the penultimate joints shorter, and

lighter legs.

Head subguadrate, broader than the thorax, the median

intraocular punctures widely separated; the finely and

sparingly punctured temples a little longer than the diameter

of the eyes; vertex and front impunctate, the sides with a

few moderate, the base with a few fine, punctures. Antennz

with the second and third joints of equal length, the fourth

to the eighth a little longer than broad, gradually decreasing

in length, the ninth and tenth scarcely differing in length

and breadth. ‘Thorax definitely narrowed behind, longer

from the West Indies. 121

than broad, with a row of six moderate punctures on either

side of the middle line, and three or four others externally.

-Scutellum closely and finely punctured. Elytra as long as,

but broader than, the thorax, a little longer than broad,

moderately finely and moderately closely punctured and

pubescent, Abdomen gradually narrowed behind, finely

and moderately closely punctured and pubescent, more

svaringly behind. Anterior tarsi simple in both sexes ; first

joint of the posterior tarsi a little shorter than the last.

ho. Liead broader ; sixth ventral segment with minute

emargination in the middle of the posterior margin.

St. Vincent; Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the

British Museum.

58. Cafius subtilis, sp. n.

Narrow, elongate, black, greasy-lustrous; the elytra pitchy-

black. Antennze and legs dark reddish-testaceous.

Length 3°5 to 5 mm.

This species is very closely allied to C. sericeus, var. prut-

nosus, Er., of which it has the average size and similar build.

It differs, however, in the following respects: the anteune

are longer and stouter, the penultimate joint not being

transverse but as long as broad, and the fourth and fifth

joints longer; the puncturation of the head and thorax 1s

coarser and the scu'pture of the elytra rather less fine, as is

the puncturation of the abdomen also, and the pubescence

is yellowish.

¢. Anterior tarsi distinctly dilated ; sixth ventral seg-

ment with an acute triangular excision in the posterior

margin.

Jamaica. Type in my collection.

59. Pederomimus smithi, sp. n.

(Fauvel, wz litt.)

Shining, dark greenish bronze ; the first, second, and last

two joints of the antennz, the whole of the last, and the

posterior border of the preceding, abdominal segment reddish

testaceous ; legs yellow.

Length 5°38 to 6 mm.

Head broader than the thorax, suborbicular, the front

with deep longitudinal impression, the median intraocular

punctures widely separated and situated near the lateral

ones adjacent to the eye ; vertex and front impunctate, the

sides and base with a few large and seattered punctures.

Antenne with the second joint a little shorter than the

122 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

third, the fourth and fifth a little longer than broad, the

sixth as long as broad, the seventh to the tenth transverse,

gradually increasing in breadth. Palpi reddish. Thorax

longer than broad, narrowed behind, the sides sinuate

posteriorly, the disc on either side of the smooth median

part with a row of six large punctures, and externally with

an irregular group of six others. Scutellum closely punc-

tured. Elytra broader, but scarcely longer than the thorax,

scarcely transverse, very coarsely and pretty closely punc-

tured. Abdomen pretty strongly and closely punctured at

the base of the first three segments, more finely and sparingly

on the rest of the surface ; the whole of the sixth and the

posterior margins of the rest of the ventral segments reddish

testaceous. There appears to be no modification of the

sixth ventral segment in the 3.

St. Vinceut (HM. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

60. Belonuchus ceruleus, sp. n.

(smithi, Fauvel, in litt.)

Shining, blue; the abdomen black, the last two segments

bright reddish-testaceous. Antenne black; legs pitchy-

brown.

Length 7 mm.

Very distinct by the greenish-blue head and thorax, blue

elytra, and dark abdomen with bright extremity. Head

broader than the thorax, quadrate, the front with median

impressed line, the sides and base with irregular scattered

punctures of rather large size; temples impunctate. An-

tenne with the second joint shorter than the third, the fourth

as long as broad, the fifth to the tenth moderately transverse,

gradually increasing in breadth. Thorax a little longer

than broad, narrowed and sinuated at the sides posteriorly ;

disc on either side of the middle, with a row of five large

punctures and two or three externally. Secutellum black,

closely punctured. Elytra broader, but scarcely longer than

the thorax, about as long as broad, moderately coarsely and

pretty closely punctured. Abdomen moderately coarsely

and closely punctured at the bases of the first three segments,

much more finely and sparingly behind.

3d unknown.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

from the West Indies. 123

QUEDIINI.

61. Atanygnathus antennalis, Shp., var. n. heterocerus.

(Fauvel, tn Litt.)

This variety differs only from the type in the clear yellow-

testaceous colour of the last two or three joints of the

antenne.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith).

TaACHYPORINI.

62. Coproporus sharpi, sp. n.

Rufo-testaceous, shining; the head and posterior half of

the elytra infuscate; first three joints of the antenne and

apex of the last testaceous.

Length 1°75 mm.

Size and build of C. pulchellus, Er., but rather more

depressed, with differently coloured and exceedingly finely

punctured thorax and elytra. Head impunctate ; antennz

with the second and third joints of equal length, the fourth

scarcely longer than broad, the fifth to the seventh as long

as broad and equal amongst themselves, the eighth to the

tenth very slightly transverse, the eleventh oval-oblong.

Thorax exceedingly finely and indistinctly punctured and

with strigose ground-sculpture. Elytra similarly sculptured.

Abdomen very finely and pretty closely punctured.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

DEINOPSINI.

63. Deinopsis gracilis, sp. n.

Narrow, elongate, attenuate posteriorly, opaque reddish-

brown, densely and finely punctured, sericeous. Antenne

and legs pale testaceous.

Length 2°5 mm.

Of similar colour to D. angusta, Shp., but narrower and

more fragile, the antennz more slender, the pubescence

finer and more sericeous. Head transverse, densely and

finely punctured and pubescent. Antenne with all the

joints considerably longer than broad. Thorax strongly

transverse, narrower in front, the sides gently rounded, the

base bisinuate, very densely and finely punctured and pubes-

cent. Elytra as long as and scarcely broader than the

thorax, exceedingly finely and densely punctured and

124 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinides

pubescent. Abdomen pointed, the posterior margins of the

second to the fifth segments narrowly black, and presenting

a row of contiguous short oblong impressions, so that the

margin appears crenulate.

St. Lucia. Type in my collection.

OLIGOTINI.

64. Oligota (Holobus) laxata, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in litt.) n

Minute, black, shining, convex. Antenne short, the club

3-jointed. Antenne and legs entirely yellow.

Length ‘75 mm.

Smaller and less robust than O. centralis, Shp., and

differs also in the club of the antennz being more slender,

the practically impunctate thorax, and the much more

sparing puncturation of the elytra.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

65. Oligota (Holobus) smithi, sp. n.

(Fauvel, tx ditt.)

Minute, black, shining, convex; the antennz, legs, and last

two segments of the abdomen yellow. Antenne short, the

club 3-jointed.

Length *75 mm.

Size and build of the preceding, but at once distinguished

from it by the bright yellow apex of the abdomen; the

thorax is, moreover, quite distinctly (though very finely) and

pretty closely punctured, and the elytra much more closely

punctured.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

66. Oligota (s. str.) maculicornis, sp. n.

Shining, castaneous. Antenne with 3-jointed club, the

eighth and ninth joints black, the remainder testaceous.

Legs testaceous.

Length 1 mm.

Build of O. atomaria, Ey., but of a uniform light chestnut-

brown colour.

Head. exceedingly finely and sparingly punctured and

pubescent. Antenne short, the first and second joints of

equal length, the third to the sixth very small, moniliform,

the seventh slightly transverse, the eighth and ninth much

broader than the preceding, about two and a half times as

broad as long, the tenth short, oval. Maxillary palpi pitchy.

Jrom the West Indies. 125

Thorax very finely and not very closely punctured and

pubescent. Elytra a little longer and broader than the

thorax, transverse, very finely and rather sparingly punc-

tured and pubescent. Abdomen very finely and moderately

closely punctured and pubescent, a little more sparingly on

the last two segments.

Haiti. Type in my collection.

67. Oligota (s. str.) rufa, sp. n.

Shining, red. Antenne dark, the first two joints testa-

ceous, the club 3-jointed. Legs testaceous.

Length 1 mm.

Size and build of the preceding, but colour darker and

more reddish, the antenne differently coloured, and the

elytra much more sparingly punctured. Head exceedingly

finely and sparingly punctured. Antenne constructed as in

the preceding. Maxillary palpipitchy. Thorax exceedingly

finely and rather sparingly punctured. Elytra a little

longer and broader than the thorax, transverse, exceedingly

finely and very sparingly punctured. Abdomen with the

sixth and seventh segments obscurely pitchy, very finely and

sparingly punctured.

St. Lucia. Type in my collection.

HyGRronomMINl.

68. Barychara flavipennis, sp. n.

Black, shining, convex, attenuated behind; the elytra

bright yellow, the last two abdominal segments reddish-

testaceous. Legs and antenne testaceous.

Length 1:5 mm. (in well-extended examples). . .

Resembling B. filicornis, Shp., m build, but rather less

robust. Head very finely and sparingly -punctured and

pubescent. Antenne as in B. filicornis, the third joint

shorter than the second, the fourth scarcely longer than

broad, the fifth to the tenth all distinctly longer than broad

and increasing but little in thickness from the sixth, the

eleventh elongate, as long as the two preceding together.

Thorax very finely and not closely punctured and pubescent.

Elytra as long as, but a little broader than, the thorax, trans-

verse, very finely and rather more closely punctured than

the thorax, finely and distinctly pubescent. Abdomen

gradually attenuated, finely and rather closely punctured,

more sparingly on the last two segments; pubescence rather

stiff, the sides and apex with stout black sete,

Haiti. Type in my collection.

126 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

69. Alisalia picea, sp. n.

Elongate, somewhat depressed, greasy-shining, brown; the

head and abdomen black, the apex of the latter brownish-

testaceous. Antenne reddish-brown. Legs testaceous.

Length 2 mm.

Larger, broader, more robust, less parallel, and less shining

than 4. brunnea, mihi. Head scarcely transverse, the eyes

moderate, their diameter shorter than that of the temples ;

the posterior angles broadly rounded, the vertex with a

rounded impression; puncturation fine and close, finely

pubescent. Antenne with the third joint as long as the

second, the fourth to the tenth transverse, gradually in-

creasing in width, the penultimate two and a half times

broader than long. Thorax distinctly transverse, broader

than the head, brown, widest a little behind the anterior

angles, the sides from thence rounded and contracted

anteriorly, more strongly narrowed behind to the obtuse

posterior angles, the puncturation rather finer and distinctly

less close than that of the head, finely pubescent. Elytra

a little longer and broader than the thorax, slightly trans-

verse, exceedingly finely and closely punctured and pubes-

cent. Abdomen nearly parallel, very finely and pretty

closely punctured and pubescent in front, rather more

sparingly on the last two segments.

Haiti. Type in my collection.

70. Alisalia brunnea, sp. n.

Narrow, elongate, parallel, depressed ; head and abdomen

black, the.apex of the latter testaceous; thorax and elytra

brown ; first three Joints of the antennze and legs testaceous.

Length 1:75 mm.

Head as broad as long, the eyes small, the temples long,

bordered below, the posterior angles rounded; extremely

finely and closely punctured, and finely pubescent. Antenne

with the third joint shorter than the second, the fourth to

the tenth transverse, gradually increasing in breadth, the

penultimate about half as broad again as long. Thorax

brown, slightly transverse, widest just behind the anterior

angles, the sides from thence rounded and narrowed

anteriorly, more strongly narrowed in a nearly straight line

posteriorly to the obtuse posterior angles; puncturation

still finer than that of the head and not quite so close.

Elytra a little longer and a little broader than the thorax,

slightly longer than broad, infuscate, extremely finely and

from the West Indies. 127

closely punctured and pubescent. Abdomen parallel,

pitchy-black, extremely finely and moderately closely punc-

tured and pubescent, rather more sparingly behind.

Haiti. Type in my collection.

GNYPETOSOMA, gen. nov.

Mandibles rather stout, curved, pointed, the right with a

small blunt tooth about the middle of the inner border,

finely crenulated between this and the apex. Maxillary

palpi 4-jointed, the first joint small, the second narrow at

the base, gradually but slightly enlarged towards the apex,

the third distinctly longer than the preceding and similarly

enlarged, the fourth very small, subulate. Inner lobe of

maxilla with nine or ten strong and moderately long

pectinations along the inner margin in front and five or six

much finer ones posteriorly ; outer lobe narrow and pointed,

the apex ciliate. Tongue short-oval, anteriorly with a very

small emargination. Labial palpi 3-jointed, the first joimt

short and stout, about half as long again as broad, the second

much narrower than the first, scarcely longer than broad,

the third narrower than, and double as long as, the preceding.

Temples not bordered below. Neck about one-fourth the

greatest breadth of the head. Mesosternum narrow and

pointed, extending about one-half the arcs formed by the

inner edges of the middle coxz, which are narrowly sepa-

rated. Metasternal process bluntly rounded in front, not

nearly meeting the mesosternal process. ‘Tarsi 4, 4, 4.

The anterior pair with the first three joints short and equal,

the fourth as long as the three preceding together; the

middle pair with the first three joints gradually decreasing

in length, the first of them a little shorter than the two

following together; posterior pair with the first joint

elongate, as long as the two following together, the second

and third of equal length. All the claws sharply angled

near the base. Tibia ciliate. Hlytra scarcely sinuate

internal to the postero-external angle.

This genus would appear to be closely allied te Caloderella,

Bernh., but to differ in the structure of the labial palpi, the

tongue, and the posterior tarsi.

71. Gnypetosoma calocera, sp. 0.

(Schistoglossa calocera, Fauvel, in litt.)

Black, shining, the elytra obscurely pitchy. Antenne

testaceous, the third to the fifth joints infuscate. Legs

testaceous.

128 On new Staphylinide from the West Indies.

Length 3 mm.

Somewhat resembling in build Gnypeta labilis, Er., but

much smaller.

Head transversely suborbicular, the diameter of the eyes

less than the length of the temples, which pass insensibly

into the base; the vertex with a small impression ; very

finely and pretty closely punctured and pubescent. Antenne

with the second and third joints of equal length, the fourth

to the seventh scarcely longer than broad, the eighth to the

tenth scarcely transverse, the eleventh as long as the two

preceding together. Thorax a little transverse, wider than

the head, broadest just behind the anterior angles, the sides

rounded and narrowed from thence anteriorly, more strongly

narrowed in a nearly straight line to the obtuse posterior

angles; more finely and closely punctured than the head

and finely pubescent. Elytra a little longer and broader

than the thorax, square, very finely and closely punctured

and pubescent. Abdomen scarcely narrowed behind, very

finely and very closely punctured and pubescent, more

sparingly on the seventh and eighth segments.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

72. Gnypetosoma farrea, sp. n.

(Schistoglossa farrea, Fauvel, in litt.)

Parallel, black, scarcely shining ; the elytra brown. An-

tenn reddish brown. Legs testaceous.

Length 2 mm.

Smaller, more parallel, more opaque, the thorax more

transverse and less narrowed behind than in the preceding

species.

Head very finely and densely punctured, with close and

fine pubescence. Antenne with the third joint scarcely

shorter than the second, the fourth to the tenth transverse

gradually increasing in breadth, the penultimate about twice

as broad as long. Thorax transverse, widest a little behind

the anterior angles, the sides from thence rounded and

narrowed in front and contracted slightly backwards in a

nearly straight line to the rounded posterior angles ; punc-

turation aud pubescence as on the head. LElytra as long as,

but a little broader than, the thorax, slightly transverse,

exceedingly finely and rather closely punctured and pubes-

cent. Abdomen parallel, exceedingly finely and pretty

closely punctured, pubescent throughout.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum,

[To be continued, }

ve? — “- )

On some Earthworms from India and Palestine. 129

VILI.—On some Earthworms from India and Palestine be-

longing to the British Museum. By J. Sturewenson, M.B.,

D.Se., Lecturer in Zoology, University of Edinburgh.

On recently reading a paper by Mr. C. R. Narayan Rao, of

the University of Mysore, on “ The Anatomy of some new

Species of Drawida,” in the November number of this

Magazine (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. vil. No. 47,

Nov. 1921, p. 496), I was struck by the extraordinary

characters of the worms; a number of their peculiarities

seemed to be altogether irreconcilable with what we know of

the anatomy of this genus, and I felt that I could not

possibly admit Mr. Rao’s species into the volume I am

preparing on the Indian Oligocheta for the ‘Fauna of

British India’ series without some corroboration of these

anomalous features. I accordingly applied to the British

Museum, where Mr. Rao has deposited his types, to have

these sent to me. The Museum authorities very kindly sent

me the worms, and I owe them my thanks for so promptly

acceding to my request.

I find, as I had suspected, that Mr. Rao’s accounts are in

many respects incorrect, and especially so where they

describe characters otherwise unknown in the genus. |

take one of his worms—the first—as an example.

The specific name is spelt differently in his paper (soma-

varpatana) and on the label (somvarpatana) ; the place

where it was taken is called Somavarpatana in the paper,

Somvarpat on the label ; the number of segments is given

as 80-90, but the type-specimen has 124. The male pores

are said to be large slits; I find them to be not slit-like,

but puckered orifices with tumid lips. Unlhke Mr. Rao, L

was unable to distinguish externally the female and sperma-

thecal pores; but from internal examination the spermathecal

pores are considerably further from the middle line than is

stated by him. ‘The gizzards are (as always in the genus)

segmental structures, and the three present in tie type-

specimen occupy segments xvi—xvill. Mr. Rao, however,

apparently thinks that the gizzards in this genus may take

up more than one segmeut, and in this species, according to

him, the three to five gizzards occupy segments xiv.—xxi.

Mr. Rao describes two pairs of sperm-sacs (such a

character would at once remove the worm to another genus),

the first pair suspended by septum 8/9 or connected with

8/9 (an unknown position for the sacs), while the second

pair are said to “le in somite x., having very early in de-

velopment detached themselves from the septum 9/10.”

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. u

130 Dr. J. Stephenson on some

There appears to be absolutely no warrant for this statement

of what takes place in early development, and the condition

so described would be totally without precedent. On exami-

nation there is found to be here, as always, only one pair

of testes or sperm-sacs, attached to septum 9/10.

The prostate is said to be a comparatively small spherical

structure. It is, in fact, a very large and conspicuous object,

and is remarkable in being bifid. It would appear that

Mr. Rao has mistaken these prostate glands for the “second

pair of sperm-sacs.”’

There is an “ ovarianchamber” (modified eleventh segment)

which is not mentioned by Mr. Rao. [é would be impossible

in this genus for the egg-sacs to be suspended, as Mr. Rao

says, from septum 10/11; the ovaries are throughout in

segment x1. (or in a chamber which represents this segment

narrowed and modified in form), and the ovisacs are

posterior bulgings of septum 11/12 (or of the posterior

wall of the chamber).

Mr. Rao gives lengthy descriptions of the microscopical

structure of a number of the organs of this worm and of

some of the others. The condition of the British Museum

specimens, at any rate, does not seem to me to be such as to

make detailed histological description advisable. Mr. Rao,

however, describing certain glandular finger-shaped ‘‘ alimen-

tary appendages,” gives an account, not easy to understand,

of their development; certain muscular fibres of the gut-

wall change their character and, becoming metamorphosed,

give rise to the glandular processes, one process being de-

rived from a single muscular fibre. The cells fringing the

adult processes are compared to the solenocytes of Poly-

cheta ; and there is said to be histological affinity between

these enteric appendages of Drawida and the “ entero-

nephridia ” of Pheretima ; indeed, diagrams are given to

illustrate the evolution of septal nephridia from enteric

appendages such as those of these worms—in this process of

evolution the supra-intestinal blood-vessel becomes an ex-

eretory duct. ‘The main function of the alimentary appen-

dages is supposed to be that of storing water.

Without remarking on the numerous other structures

which are described by Mr. Rao, I might perhaps mention

that in the same species to which the above refers, the

spermathecal atrium is figured as having an outer chitinous

layer (¢. e., on its peritoneal surface), and is described in

the text as having an outer tunic which is a thin cuticular

layer.

Such extraordinary morphological ideas need not be

seriously discussed. I do not think it is too much to say

——

Earthworms from India and Palestine. 131

that Mr. Rao’s competence in morphological work is of the

same degree of reliability as that which he shows in his

systematic descriptions.

It is unnecessary to point out the errors in Mr. Rao’s

accounts of the four other species. They are of the same

fundamental character as those I have noted above in his

description of D. somavarpatana. Instead, it will, I think,

be preferable simply to give short accounts of the worms

themselves.

I may note that D. scandens is the same worm as one of

which I have recently written a description, which is appear-

ing in the ‘Records of the Indian Museum,’ under the

name of D.raui. Mr. Rao’s name has the priority, and the

name of D. raui must be withdrawn.

I add to these descriptions an account of two species of

earthworms which I received for identification some little

time ago from the British Museum. These were collected

by Mr. T. Aharoni; one species is already known, while the

other appears to be new.

Drawida somavarpatana, C. R. N. Rao.

Length 85 mm.; diameter in middle of body 4 mm.

Segments 124. Colour brownish yellow. Prostomium small,

retracted under segment i. No dorsal pores. Nephridio-

pores in the line of the lateral sete.

Setze closely paired ; aa=be ; dd=4 circumference.

Clitellum apparently comprising segments x.—xul. (= 4),

but indistinct. The male pores are puckered orifices with

tumid lips, situated a little outside the line of sete 6; in

frout of and behind each is a curved depression, the con-

cavities facing each other, the anterior on segment x.,

the posterior on xi.; the mid-ventral regions of these two

segments are depressed. ‘The female and spermathecal

apertures were not visible on external examination, but on

dissection the spermathecal apertures were found to be in

the line of the lateral setze.

Septa 5/6-8/9 are slightly thickened. There are three

gizzards (in the type-specimen), in segments Xvi.—xvill., of

which the last is the largest. A double series of white

dendritic appendages are seen lying dorsally, segmentally

arranged, on the intestine ; these are somewhat reminiscent

of the lymphatic glands of Pheretima, but the condition of

specimens is too poor to allow of further examination. The

last hearts are in segment ix.

The testis-sacs have the disposition which was described

by Michaelsen in D. ghatensis; the main portion of the

sacs occupies segment xiv., and is connected to septum 9/10

132 Dr, J. Stephenson on some

by a narrow neck. The prostates are of peculiar shape ;

each consists of two cylindrical or finger-shaped structures,

which lie side by side and are slightly curled; these unite

below, near the ventral body-wall, in a narrow neck, which

again ‘swells out somewhat at its termination, where it joins

the parietes. The whole is a conspicuous object in seg-

ment x., on each side of the gut;-the surface is soft, and a

friable layer can easily be detached from the finger-shaped

projections, disclosing a firm, shining, and evidently mus-

cular axis, no doubt with a lumen in its centre. ‘The

junction of the vas deferens with the prostate was not

seen.

There is a definite ovarian chamber, and the ovisacs are

large, extending back to segment xiv.

The spermathecal ampulla is a somewhat ovoid sac. ‘The

duct forms a large coil projecting into segment viil.; the

atrium is bifid, and consists of two horns of moderate size,

one in segment vii. and one in viii., the duct joining in the

angle between the two horns. ‘The horns of the atrium are

firm and shining ; the exit to the surface is in the line of

the lateral sete.

There are strong transverse muscular bands on the inner

surface of the body-wall in the prostatic region, to the con-

traction of which the depressions on the ventral surface of

the genital region are doubtless due.

Somvarpat, 4000 ft., Coorg, S. India.

Drawida scandens, C. R. N. Rao.

Length 38-43 mm.; maximum diameter 1:75 mm.,

average 155 mm. «Segments ca. 144-161. Colour brown,

anterior end rather lighter. Prostomium prolobous. No

dorsal pores.” Nephridiopores not seen.

Sete in anterior part of body very large for so small a

worm, especially the ventral sete from segment iv. back-

wards and the lateral from x. ; ; aa is approximately equal

to bc, and dd is rather more than half the circumference.

Clitellum not distinguishable. In groove 9/10 is a trans-

versely elongated cushion, somewhat dumbbell-shaped and

divided by a mid-ventral fissure into-two; laterally this

cushion extends to a point between the lines of setz 4 and e,

but nearer the line c. ‘The ventral surface of segment xi. is

thickened, and groove 10/11 is pushed forwards ; the lateral

extent of the thickening is about the same as that of the

cushion in groove 9/10.

There are two pairs of male pores; one pair is on the

cushion in 9/10, rather outside the line of setz 6; these

belong to a second pair of prostates seen internally in seg-

ment ix. The other pair of male pores are near the antero-

Earthworms from India and Palestine. 133

lateral angles of the cushion of segment xi., also just outside

the line of sete 5; since the groove 10/11 is pushed for-

wards by the thickened area, these pores occupy a posi-

tion which would be in the groove if this had its normal

position.

The female pores are possibly between the lines of a and

6 in groove 11/12. The spermathecal pores were not dis-

tinguishable externally ; from internal examination they

pierce the body-wall in line with the ventral sete.

Septa 6/7-8/9 are somewhat thickened. There are three

gizzards in segments xiii.-xv., and perhaps a rudimentary

gizzard in addition in segment xi. The last hearts are in

segment ix., but anteriorly in segment x. a large branch is

given off on each side from the dorsal vessel, and passes

obliquely downwards and backwards behind the testis-sac to

the ventral body-wall.

The testis-sacs are one pair, projecting mostly into seg-

ment x. The prostates are upright sausage-shaped struc-

tures, slightly curved round the gut; their surface is soft ;

the vas deferens joins the prostate low down on its inner

face, and can be seen to ascend for some distance on the

gland. An exactly similar pair of prostates is present in

segment ix.

The presence of an ovarian chamber is, in the type-speci-

men, doubtful on account of its condition. The ovisacs are

finger-shaped, and extend back to segment xii. or xiii.

The spermathecal ampulla is small and subspherical. The

atrium is large, ovoid, and sac-like, in segment vii.; its

surface is soft, not muscular, and it narrows to its attach-

ment to the body-wall in line with the ventral series of

sete; the duct joins the atrium near its base on the pos-

terior side.

Bhagamandla, 4000 ft., Coorg, S. India.

Drawida elegans, C. R. N. Rao.

Length 130 mm.; diameter a little behind the middle

5mm. Segments 206; viil.—xvul. bi- or triannular; the

first two segments very short. Colour a nondescript grey,

non-pigmented. Prostomium retractile, prolobous. No

dorsal pores. Nephridiopores in the line with the lateral

sete.

Setze closely paired ; aa = be ; dd = 3 circumference.

Clitellum not definitely distinguishable. Male pores

small, a little outside the line of sete 6. Female pores

minute, in the line of 6. Spermathecal pores just below the

line of c.

Septa 5/6-8/9 exceptionally stout. Five gizzards, in

segments Kll.—Xvl., the first rudimentary. Alimentary

134 Dr. J. Stephenson on some

appendages seem here to be an aggregate of vascular twigs.

Last hearts in segment ix. One pair of nephridia per

segment.

“Testis-sacs moderately small, ovoidal, depending into

segment x. The vas deferens is a very large coil, many

times as bulky as the testis-sac itself, m segments ix. and x.;

it then runs along the inner border of the prostate, which

it enters near the ental end of the latter. The prostates

are of moderate size, elongated, and lying backwards, some-

what compressed so as to approximate to a tongue-shape ;

there is no stalk, each being almost as thick at its attach-

ment to the body-wall as elsewhere.

There is a complete ovarian chamber. The ovisacs are

small, in segment xil.; their hinder end is much narrower,

and is bent forwards or transversely.

The spermathecal ampulla is a small ovoid sac; the duct

is much coiled, and lies on the posterior face of the septum ;

it pierces the septum low down, and mounts to enter the

centre of the upper surface of the atrium. The atrium is

large, much larger than the ampulla; it is shortly pear-

shaped, with the narrower end on the body-wall; the upper

end is depressed where the duct enters.

Bhagamandla, 4000 ft., Coorg, S. India.

Drawida modesta, C. R. N. Rao.

Length 75 mm.; diameter 4 mm. Segments ca. 207,

very short, especially towards the hinder end. Colour

brown. Prostomium? (destroyed). Dorsal pores absent.

Nephridiopores apparently in line with setz d.

Setz closely paired; aa=bc; dd=4 circumference or

slightly more.

Clitellum not established. The male area resembles that

of D. somavarpatana; the male pores have prominent

anterior and posterior lips, and are themselves just out-

side the line of sete 4. There are transverse groove-like

depressions in front of and behind the pores, on segments x.

and xi. respectively. The mid-ventral regions of segments x,

and xi. are somewhat depressed.

Female pores?

Spermathecal pores slightly outside the lines of 6; rather

further outside than the male pores. A slightly elevated

transversely oval flat papilla, brown in colour, is present

just in front of each spermathecal aperture, taking up in

longitudinal extent a length equal to two-fifths of the seg-

ment, and extending laterally from midway between the

lines a and b to midway between the lines } and c.

Septa 5/6- ae thickened. There are two gizzards, in

xii. and xii.; there is, in addition, a slight thickening of

Earthworms from India and Palestine. 135

the cesophagus in xi. Some finger-shaped alimentary

appendages are present. The last heart is in segment ix.

The testis-sacs are large, and project into segments 1x.

and x. The prostates are small, soft, transversely oval

cushions, sessile on the body-wall; the vasa deferentia join

their anterior borders.

An ovarian *chamber appears to have been present, with

the ovary on its anterior wall. The ovisacs extend back to

segment xiil.

The spermathecal ampulla is somewhat polygonal from

the pressure of surrounding parts. There is no visible

atrium.

It is necessary to speak with some caution as to the in-

ternal anatomy of this species, as the single specimen has

been much pulled about.

Moornad, Coorg, S. India.

Drawida paradoxa, C. R. N. Rao.

Length 90 mm.; average diameter 3 mm. Segments

152; segment i. is very small—a very narrowring. Unpig-

mented, colour light grey. Prostomium prolobous. No

dorsal pores. Nephridiopores not visible.

Setz small, closely paired; aa in general=dc, but in the

post-clitellar region = {dc ; dd is slightly less than } circum-

ference.

Clitellum not visible. Male pores small, inconspicuous,

just outside the line of 6.

Female pores not visible.

Spermathecal pores small, in line with setze c.

Septa 5/6-8/9 considerably thickened. Four gizzards, in

segments xiii.—xvi., the first smallest, the last largest (in the

second specimen the gizzards are in segments xli.-xv. ; the

first is rudimentary, the last largest). The last heart is in

segment 1x.

There is one pair of testis-sacs, of moderate size, sub-

spherical in shape, depending into segment x. The vas

deferens is a relatively very large coil, partly in segment ix.

and partly in x.; it comes into relation with the prostate

near the base of the latter, and can be traced some distance

up its anterior border before it becomes lost in the soft

furry prostatic investment. The prostates are of consider-

able size ; the larger part of each is flattened from side to

side, the edges being soft, opaque, and white, and the axial

portion more shiny (in other words, the “ glandular” in-

vestment of the muscular tube is confined to the anterior

and posterior borders of the latter); the ectal portion of

the prostate is a twisted mass, bound together by connected

tissue and adherent to the ventral body-wall.

136 On some Earthworms from India and Palestine.

An ovarian chamber is present; the ovaries are prominent

fringed projections on the anterior wall. The ovisacs are

small projections into segment xii.

The spermathecal ampulla is small and subspherical; the

duct is not much coiled. The atrium, in segment vii., is a

large tongue-shaped structure, with a constriction a quarter

or one-third of its length from the body-wally the margins

of the atrium are slightly lobed; the duct joins its lower

portions.

Madapur, 3500 ft., Coorg.

Helodrilus (Dendrobea) samariger (Rosa).

Huldah, Judean Mountains ; 5.iv.1921 (J. Aharoni), A

single specimen, mature. Called the ‘“dew-worm.” (234

B.M.)

Helodrilus (Allolobophora) aharonii, sp. n.

Rehoboth, Palestine. Three specimens, in poor con-

dition (7°. Ahar oni). (219 B.M.)

The longest specimen is 105 mm. long and 4 mm. in

diameter. Segments 141. Colour light brown, no difference

between dorsal and ventral surfaces. Prostomium minute,

tanylobous, with, however, a transverse groove across the

tongue one-third of the way back. Dorsal pores exist from

groove 6/7 backwards.

The setze are very closely paired ; aa=140bc; dd is rather

less than half the circumference.

The clitellum is not very distinct, but appears to take up

nine segments, Xxx.-xxxvill., with a “ wall”’ which embraces

segments XXXill.—KXXVil. The male pores are indistinctly

indicated as whitish thickenings on segment xv., between

the lines of @ and ec. The ventral setze of segments X., X1.,

and xii. are on whitish cushions.

Septum 5/6 is somewhat thickened, 6/7, 7/8, and 8/9 are

much thickened, 9/10 and 10/1] somewhat so, and 11/12

slightly.

Calciferous glands are present in segments x., xi. yand xii.

The gizzard probably occupies segments xvii. and Kviii., but

the septa are so thinned as to be almost unrecognizable.

The last hearts are in segment 1x.

The male funnels are in segments x. and xi., and appear

to be free (a delicate testis-sac would, however, in the

condition of the specimens not have been distinctly recog-

nizable). Seminal vesicles are present in segments ix., X.,

xi., and xii.; those im ix., xi., and xii. are large and only

slightly lobed ; those of segment X. are very much swaller.

Spermathecze, small and spherical, are present in line with

the lateral setwe, opening in 9/10 and 10/11.

On new Platypodide and Scolytide. 137

IX.—WHitherto undescribed Platypodidee and Secolytide from

Portuguese Kast Africa. By Lt.-Col. W1NN SAMPSON,

F.E.S.

A NUMBER of specimens from Portuguese Hast Africa,

collected by Mr. C. B. Hardenberg, having been handed to

me by the Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology

for determination, the following appear to be new species :—

Crossotursus hardenbergi, sp. 0.

3. Head and prothorax dark brown ; elytra dirty yellow,

darker towards the apex. front flat, shagreened surface

lightly punctured on the upper half and more deeply on the

lower, with a slight median longitudinal depression and

obscure strize below the eyes, the latter being sharply de-

pressed on their inner sides; the whole surface sparsely hairy

and with a row of yellow hair above the mouth; the vertex

has a clearly defined edge with a strong central carina, the

surface on each side being dull and granulate, becoming

polished and somewhat swollen, with irregularly placed and

various-sized umbilical punctures towards and above the eyes.

Prothorax oblong, anteriorly dull, the rest of the surface

polished, with scattered umbilical markings and small punc-

tures, especially towards the posterior edge and on each side

of the central longitudinal groove, which extends from close

to the base for one-fourth the length of the prothorax, pre-

ceded by a faintly marked ridge reaching nearly to the anterior

margin. lytra (fig. a) the same breadth as and one-half

longer than the thorax, striate-punctate, the first stria rather

deeply and closely punctured; the interstices faintly uniseriate-

punctate, the third not broadened basally ; the first, second,

and third coalesce apically, forming an oblique truncate edge,

the outer acute angle extending beyond the remaining inter-

stices, the fourth narrowed and terminating before reaching

the apex ; the fifth is obliquely truncate, broadened apically,

and nearly the same length as the sutural angle; the sixth is

slightly shorter, narrowed, and apically obtuse ; the seventh

transversely truncate and equal in length to the sixth; the

eighth shorter than the seventh and obtusely rounded; theninth

is the same length as the seventh and twice as broad as the

eighth, and obliquely truncate, the outer angle being very acute.

Abdomen (fig. 6) with the first and second visible segments

centrally depressed, the excavation in the second having the

sides slightly divergent as far as the inner posterior angles,

and then rounded and fringed with hair, becoming incurved

138 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

laterally, and ending in an acute spine at the outer angle ;

the metasternal femoral depression is dentate at the margin.

Length 4:9-5'1 mm.; breadth 1:1 mm.

PortuGuEse East AFricA: Xinavane (C. B. Harden-

berg).

Type in the British Museum.

9. Resembles the male in colour, but is rather darker,

especially on each side of the elytral suture and at the base and

apex. ront shiny and sparsely hairy, the surface regular,

produced forwards centrally just before the vertex, but de-

pressed laterally as far as the eyes, which have their inner sides

a, b. Crossotarsus hardenbergt, sp. nu. ¢, Crossotarsus opifex, sp. 0.

sharply depressed and slightly excavate, thus causing an

angle at the upper inner edge ; the upper half of the front is

faintly punctate, the lower portion having deeper and closer

punctures and being provided with upstanding matted hairs,

together with two tufts of long recurved hairs over the

mouth ; on the inner edge of the eyes there is a row of

recumbent hair extending towards the centre; the vertex

has a somewhat sharply defined and semicircular lateral

ridge, which forms the upper margin to a depression situated

close to the upper portion of each eye ; the central carina is

prominent and extended forwards and downwards, the surface

new Platypodide and Scolytide. 139

on each side being dull, but becoming shiny and somewhat

swollen towards the eyes, the whole being more or less

variolous. Prothoraz oblong, anteriorly dull and posteriorly

shiny, the central longitudinal line commencing near the

base and extending more or less to the centre, irregularly

variolous and punctured. Llytra the same breadth as and

three-fourths longer than the prothorax ; striate-punctate,

the sutural stria depressed and deeply punctured, the inter-

stices furnished with fine uniseriate punctures, becoming

rugose and hairy towards the apex ; the base of the third and

fifth interstices elevated, broadened, and transversely carinate,

the apical depression short, excavate on each side of the suture,

but not extending to the lateral margins. Abdomen arched,

except the fifth segment, which is concave, with a very slight

central elevation, and with the apical edge raised so as to

form two lateral processes, one on each side of the centre,

which are apically narrowed and exscinded ; the metatarsal

femoral cavity is minutely denticulate.

Length 5°3-5°7 mm, ; breadth 1°3 mm.

PorTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Xinavane (C. B. Harden-

berg).

The lateral depression close to the upper portion of the

eyes is almost obsolete in some specimens, and the curvature

of its upper edge varies considerably ; the frontal hairs are

frequently almost worn away. Very similar to C. crinitus,

Chap., but with different elytral sculpture etc. in the male

and distinct abdominal characters etc. in the feniale.

Crossotarsus opifex, sp. Nn.

$ . Head and prothorax reddish brown ; elytra dull yellow,

darker towards the apex. Font flat, shagreened surface

with large shallow punctures on the upper two-thirds, central

longitudinal depression short ; coarsely punctured, with a

small tuft of yellow hair over the mouth; a longitudinal

central carina on the vertex, which is sharply defined ante-

riorly and closely covered with oblong, shallow, umbilical

punctures. Prothoraw oblong, dull anteriorly, with a trans-

verse row of irregularly placed shallow depressions, the rest

of the surface shiny, irregularly and sparsely punctured, with

a longitudinal central groove extending about one-third from

the base, and furnished on each side with an irregular double

row of punctures. lytra of equal breadth and twice as

long as the prothorax, striate-punctate, the sutural stria

having the largest and deepest punctures, the interstices flat,

with obscure and irregular punctures ; the first and third

140 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

interstices more or less truncate apically, and longer than the

others, the third being broadened before the apex and also

slightly at the base and punctured ; the second and fourth

are narrowed and not continued to the apex, the fifth longer

than the remainder and transversely truncate; the sixth and

seventh are of equal length, but the latter is the broadest ;

the eighth is longer and narrower than the ninth, both being

transversely truncate. Abdomen (fig. ¢): the cavity in the

second abdominal segment has the sides almost parallel or

slightly incurved as far as the inner posterior angles, and

is then rounded and fringed with hair, becoming, however,

slightly sinuous laterally, and ending in a minute spine; the

metasternal femoral depression is marginally denticulate.

Length 3°9 mm.; breadth 1 mm.

The female is very similar to that of the preceding species,

but differs chiefly in the much smaller size, the flatness of

the front, and the absence of the depression over the eyes,

and is much paler in colour.

Length 4:°2-4:5 mm.; breadth 1 mm.

PorTtuGuEsE East AFrrica: Xinavane (C. B. Harden-

berg).

Type in the British Museum.

This and the preceding species belong to the group Crosso-

tarsi Abdominales, Chap.

Platypus penetralis, sp. n.

¢. Brown. Front flat, the surface areolate; vertex

rounded, with a shining, central, longitudinal carina, and

laterally closely covered with oblong areolations and a few

hairs. Prothorax oblong, shiny, more or less evenly punc-

tured, the basal longitudinal carina extending to the basal

third. Hlytra punctate-striate, the strie being deeply and

closely punctured, the interstices very minutely punctured,

becoming rugose and hairy towards the apex; the first inter-

stices smooth, shiny, and strongly carinate, slightly divergent

towards the apex, but becoming parallel before the termina-

tion, the third having a shiny broadened base, the terminal

prolongation having the superior spine straight, the external

one longer, curved outwards, and pointed, the inferior being

obtusely rounded. Legs: the anterior tibiee very hairy and

carinate exteriorly.

Length 4:5 mm.; breadth 1 mm.

@. Pale yellow, front and elytral apex rather darker.

Front transversely striate from between the eyes to the

epistoma, the strice becoming finer below the central transverse

new Platypodide and Scolytide. 141

depression, the upper portion of the front areolate, the vertex

having a prominent central carina and being furnished

laterally with closely placed longitudinal strie. Prothorax

oblong, with a median longitudinal groove on the basal third

and a single large pore on each side of it close to the anterior

extremity, whilst nearer the base there are several piliferous

punctures, the whole surface being irregularly punctured on

a rimose ground, SH/ytra striate-punctate, the sutural stria

being the most deeply impressed, the interstices flat and

shiny, the base of the third broadened, carinate transversely,

and slightly raised.

Length 4°38 mm.; breadth 1 mm.

Portuguese Hast Arnica: Xinavane (C. B. Harden-

berg).

Type in the British Museum.

The male is closely allied to P. melanurus, Chap., but the

females of that species are without prothoracic pores ; on the

other hand, the female above described is very similar to

P. subcavifrons, Clhap., but in the division to which that

species belongs both sexes have prothoracic pores.

Cryphalus deter, sp. n.

Piteh-black, prothorax reddish on the dorsal surface, lees

and antenne dull brown, Front subconvex, shiny and

rugose, towards the vertex rimose ; sparsely hairy and deeply

transversely depressed above the mouth; eyes slightly emar-

ginate. LProthorax subglobose, broader than long, the sides

rounded from the base to the apex, anterior edge with four

prominent recurved teeth, the outer ones being shorter than

the others, anteriorly sparsely covered with strong recurved

teeth as far as the node, which extends nearly to the rugose

base, the whole surface covered with scales and hairs; the

basal margin prominent, Scutellum small, triangular, and

rugose. lytva of the same breadth and three-fourths as

long again as the prothorax ; striz with uniseriate, piliferous,

shallow punctures ; the interstices slightly convex, with uni-

seriate, broad, short scales down the centre; the surface

rugose and closely covered with very small scales,

Length 2:1 mm.; breadth 1 mm.

Portuguese Hast ArricA: Xinavane (C. B. Harden-

berg).

Type in the British Museum,

This species closely resembles the description of CO. balano-

pselaphus, Eggers, but differs in the elytral sculpture, the

shape of the prothorax, ete,

142 Mr. O. Thomas on

X.—On some interesting Hedgehogs from the Persian Gulf.

By OLprietp THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some mammals obtained for the Cox-Cheesman

collection by Mr. V. 8. La Personne, and referred to me for

determination, are four hedgehogs—three white and one

black—from the little island of Tanb, in the north of the

Persian Gulf. Remarkable to say, these hedgehogs, in spite

of the small size of the island, belong to two different species,

each representative of a different group of the genus Para-

echinus. This genus tends to divide into two—the species

with long pteryg roid region, comparatively small bullee, and

little swollen pterygoids, and those with short pterygoid

region, large bulla, and much swollen pterygoids,—the two

groups being sufficiently distinct for their respective members

to be able to live in company with one another. But it is

impossible to divide them as subgenera, for certain species

are so absolutely intermediate that one cannot say to which

group they belong—notably P. mcropus, the genotype of

Paraechinus. rom P, micropus one is led by imperceptible

steps, in the one direction, through amir and blanfordi, into

the ‘ Macroechinus ” forms, and in the other into the most

marked large-bullee species.

Of the species with small bulla, the black Tanb hedgehog

seems referable to the South and Hast Arabian P. niger, but

is separable as a small island subspecies of it :—

Paraechinus niger seniculus, subsp. n.

General characters of true niger, but size rather smaller,

although the feet are nearly as long. Head not black as in

niger, but nearly wholly grizzled iren-grey, black and whitish

hairs being uniformly mixed all over it, neither colour forming

any special pattern or markings. Chin whitish, the rest of

the under surface black. Ears large, their substance blackish,

their hairs white.

Skull as in niger, but smaller, with smaller teeth and

decidedly smaller bulle. P* present, well developed, though

crowded, triangular.

Dimensions :—

Head and body 192 mm.; tail 18; hind foot 34;

ear 41,

Skull: condylo-basal length 45°7; zygomatic breadth 26 ;

Hedgehoys from the Persian Gulf. 143

palatal length 25°3 ; dental length 23:5 ; combined length of

p’ and two anterior molars 10.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 21.12.3.2. Original

number 1173. Collected 5th April, 1921, by V. 8. La Per-

sonne for the “* Cox-Cheesman collection ” (2. e., the collection

of H.K. Sir Perey Cox and Major R. E. Cheesman, R.E.).

Presented to the National Museum.

It may be noted that although, when describing P. niger,

Blanford stated that the description was ‘ chiefly taken”

from the specimen he had in spirit, he did not formally select

that specimen asa type. I therefore venture to do so for

him, taking the specimen he referred to—B.M. no. 88. 6.18.3

—as the lectotype ; and at the same time I may select

B.M. no, 74. 11, 21. 25 as alectotype of his Hrinaceus macra-

canthus.

In working out this Tanb hedgehog, I have re-examined a

black hedgehog from the 8.W. corner of Arabia collected in

1902 by Mr. G. W. Bury in the mountainous country behind

Aden.

This also praves to be subspecifically separable from true

niger, and may be called

Paraechinus niger sabeeus, subsp. n.

Size of type about asin small specimens of niger. General

colour as in that animal, but the face largely mixed with

whitish, the black and white hairs (on the single specimen)

so arranged as to form a sort of pattern. Centre of face

mostly blackish, then an area above each eye to the crown

whitish, and then outside these two areas a black line on each

side running up in front of the ear to the base of the anterior

spines. Whether this pattern is usually present cannot at

present be stated. Ears whitish. Chin and interramia

white. Rest of underside, hands, and feet wholly black.

Spines ringed black and white as in niger. Feet con-

spicuously smaller than in niger, the fore feet only 23 mm. in

length, and the hinder equally small in proportion.

Skull quite as in niger.

Dimensions (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 174 mm.; tail 28; hind foot 30;

ear 44,

Skull: condylo-basal length 48°5 ; zygomatic breadth 26 ;

palatal length 27; dental length 23°3; combined length of

p® and first two molars 11°2.

144 On Hedgehogs from the Persian Gulf.

Flab. Mountains north of Aden; type from HI Kubar,

about 60 miles north of Aden. Alt. 5200!.

Type. Adult male, B.M. no. 2.11. 22.2. Original num-

ber 11. Collected 19th June, 1902, by G. W. Bury.

Whether the facial pattern of this specimen is constant or

not, the small size of its feet and its whitish head separate it

from true neger, while the size of its skull distinguishes

it from P. n. seniculus, which also has a somewhat similar

general coloration.

The white Tanb hedgehog, the representative of the large-

bulla group of Paraechinus, is also a new subspecies of an

Arabian form. It may be called

Paraechinus dorsalis albatus, subsp. n.

Nearly allied, in all essential characters, to true P. dorsalis

of the Hadramaut, but smaller and more completely white.

Back at first sight appearing wholly pale sandy, but closer

examination shows that the spines of the median dorsal area,

where in dorsalis they are obviously darkened, are here also

not completely white throughout their lengtk, having a sub-

terminal brown band. Spines of sides mostly light throughout.

Muzzle and cheeks brown, with a median brown line running

up the forehead in some specimens. Lest of head, ears,

shoulders, and under surface pure white—the inguinal region,

however, brownish. Hands, feet, and tail also pale brown.

Skull as in true dorsalis, but rather smaller. Zygomata

comparatively slender. Bulla of similarly large size, and

the pterygoids well inflated. Penultimate premolar absent

in all three skulls, this tooth being minute in some specimens

of dorsalis and absent in others.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 196 mm.; tail 24; hind foot 32;

ear 44.

Skull: condylo-basal length 46; zygomatic breadth 27-7;

palatal length 24°6 ; dental length 22°2 ; length of bulla 10;

combined length of p* and two anterior molars 11. An old

male skull measures 48 mm. in condylo-basal length.

Hab. Tanb Island, mouth of Persian Gulf.

Type, Adult female. B.M. no, 21.12.3.1. Original

number 1185. Collected 8th April, 1921, by V. 8S. La Per-

sonne for the Cox-Cheesman collection. Presented.

Readily distinguishable from dorsalis by its far paler

colour. Also related to P. ludlowi, which may prove to be

best placed as a third subspecies of dorsalis.

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MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[NINTH SERIES.]

No. 50. FEBRUARY 1922.

XI. — New or little-known Tipulidee (Diptera). — VIII.

Australasian Species. By Cuaruns P. ALexanper, Ph.D.,

F.E.S., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

Tue material upon which the present paper is based is

largely from New Zealand, and is supplementary to the

recent monographic treatment of the New Zealand Tipu-

loidea by Mr. Edwards. The extensive collections used in

the preparation of the-present instalment and others in press

were received from several collectors, to whom my deepest

thanks are due. These gentlemen are as follows: Dr.

Tillyard and Mr. Philpott of the Cawthron Institute ;

Mr. David Miller; Dr. Campbell, who sent extensive lots

of material collected by Gourlay, Harris, and himself;

_ highly interesting collections from the alpine zones of

certain mountains in the North Island, sent by Mr. Watt.

In addition to the New Zealand crane-flies, a few Austra-

lian species are included, based on some interesting

collections kindly sent to me for study by Mr. Edwards.

Unless stated to the contrary, the holotypes are preserved

in the writer’s collection.

Molophilus philpotti, sp. n.

* General coloration light yellow, including the wings;

abdominal tergites bicolorous, the basal portion of each seg-

ment infuscated.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 10

146 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Female.—Length 4°2-45 mm.; wing 4°7-5 mm.

Rostrum and ‘palpi obscure Fellow: Basal segments of

antenne yellow ; flagellum broken. Head hight yellow.

Mesonotum shiny, pale reddish yellow, the pronotum and

lateral margins of the prascutum more nearly whitish.

Pleura yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs yellow, the terminal

tarsal segments dark brown. Wings with a strong yellowish

tinge ; veins yellow, the macrotrichiz pale brown. Vena-

tion: base of vein Ry,3 atrophied or very indistinct, un-

provided with macrotrichiz ; anal veins convergent.

Abdominal tergites bicolorous, the basal two-thirds of

each segment brown, the caudal third yellow; sternites

unifor mly yellow.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 2, Nelson, December 9, 1920 (A. Philpott).

Paratype, 2, Dun Mt., Nelson, altitude 2000 ft., Decem-

ber 14, 1920 (A. Philpott).

Type in the collection of the Cawthron Institute.

Molophilus philpotti is dedicated to the collector, Mr. A.

Philpott, to whom I am indebted for many kindnesses in

the past. This species and the next bear a resemblance

to the Nearctic M. pubipennis (Osten-Sacken).

Molophilus parvulus, sp. u.

Size small (wing, 2, under 4 mm.) ; general coloration

pale yellowish brown ; wings yellowish grey ; anal veins

divergent.

Female.—Length 38-4 mm. ; wing 3°8 mm.

Described from alcoholic specimens.

Rostrum and palpi light brown. Antenne with the

enlarged scapal segments yellowish ; flagellum pale brown,

Head yellowish brown.

Thorax, including the pleura, pale yellowish brown with-

out markings. Halteres large, pale yellow. Legs yellow,

the tips of the femora and tibize scarcely darkened ; terminal

tarsal segments infuscated. Wings with a yellowish-grey

tinge ; veins pale. Venation: origin of A,,3 distinct,

longer than 7; deflection of R; and r—m subequal; basal

deflection of Cu, (m-cu of Tillyard) arcuated, nearly three

times as long as the basal deflection of M,; anal veins

divergent.

Abdomen pale yellowish brown.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, ? , Oliakune, altitude 2018 feet, November 10,

192080). Floris) 3010 "alcohol.

Paratopotypes, 6 alcoholic ? ?.

new or little-known TVipulidee. 147

Molophilus cruciferus, sp. n.

General coloration light yellow ; a blackish longitudinal

stripe on the thoracic and abdominal pleura; wings hght

yellow with a cruciform brown mark that extends the length

of the organ, the cross-arm lying along the cord.

Female.—ULength about 4 mm.; wing 4°2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz with the basal

segments dark brown; flagellar segments a little paler.

Head obscure brownish yellow, the anterior part of the

vertex darkened; a patch of erect, black, flattened hairs on

the posterior part of the vertex.

Mesonotum shiny yellow, the prescutum with a pale

brown median line that crosses the suture on to the scutum

and scutellum. Pleura largely destroyed by the large pin,

yellow, apparently with a blackish longitudinal stripe. Hal-

teres yellow. Legs with the coxze and trochanters yellow ;

femora yellow; all but the bases of the fore femora dark

brown and provided with conspicuous long blackish hairs ;

tibize yellow, the fore tibiz obscure yellow with the bases and

tips conspicuously dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings

light yellow with a very conspicuous cruciform infuscation,

the long arm of which extends from the wing-root in the anal

and cubital cells along veins Cu and J to the wing-apex ;

at the level of the cord a narrower dark mark extends from

r, crossing the longitudinal arm and following along vein

Cu, almost to the posterior margin; the membrane in the

infuseated areas is slightly darkened, but the chief cause of

the dusky appearance is the dark brown macrotrichie and

the dark veins; veins and macrotrichiz elsewhere on the

wing light yellow. Venation: vein 2ud A very long, bent

toward lst A, but diverging slightly at the tip.

Abdomen obscure yellow with golden-yellow hairs; a

series of linear dark brown marks along the pleural region,

this being a continuation caudad of the thoracic pleural

stripe, the line being narrowly interrupted at the base of

each abdominal segment.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, ? , Te Wairoa, Hot Springs Region, November 15,

1919 (D. Miller).

Type in the collection of David Miller.

Molophilus cruciferus is an easily recognized fly that is

allied to M. pulcherrimus, Edwards, but very distinct.

Trimicra confluens, sp. 0.

General coloration yellow; mesonotal prescutum with

10”

148 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

confluent brown stripes; wings with a faint greyish-brown

tinge, unmarked except for the pale brown stigma ; cell

Ist M, confluent with cell M3.

Male.—Length 7-7'4 mm. ; wing 7-9'2 mm.

Female.—Length 5°5 mm.; wing 65 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi dark brown. Antenne

brownish black. Head grey.

Pronotum yellowish, dark brown medially. Mesonotal

preescutum yellow, the disk practically covered by three con-

fluent dark brown stripes ; tuberculate pits large, separated

by a distance a little less than the diameter of one; scutum

with the lobes brown, yellowish posteriorly ; scutellum ob-

scure yellow ; postnotum dark brown on the posterior two-

thirds, obscure yellow on the basal third. Pleura yellow, in-

distinetly marked with darker. Halteres brown, the base of

the stem and tips of the knobs yellow. Legs with the cox

and trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of the legs ob-

scure yellow, the terminal tarsal segments infuscated; legs

with conspicuous erect sete. Wings with faint greyish-

brown tinge ; stigma pale brown; veins brown. Venation:

Sc; ending opposite the end of 7, Sc, only a little distance

beyond the origin of Rs; Rs straight ; 7 on R, about one-

half or less its length beyond the fork ; cell 1s¢ M, open by

the atrophy of the outer deflection of M3, so cells 1st M, and

M; are confluent ; basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M ;

vein 2nd A straight, a little sinuous at the outer end.

Abdomen dark brown; genital segment paler, especially

in the female. Male hypopygium large and _ powerful,

especially the pleurites; outer pleural appendage termi-

nating in a powerful black spine ; inner pleural appendage

with the apex obtuse, slightly dilated; gonapophyses appear-

ing as long, slender, gently curved horns,

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, &, Christchurch, October 10, 1917 (J. W.

Campbell) ; mounted in balsam,

Altotype, 2, Blackball, West Coast, March 1920 (J. W.

Campbell).

Paratopotype, 8 ; mounted in balsam.

The beautiful slides of this species and other Tipulide in

my collection were prepared by Dr. Campbell, to whom I am

greatly indebted for many favours.

Trimicra inconstans, sp. n.

General coloration yellow with brown markings ;_ pre-

scutum with brownish-grey stripes, the interspaces and a

new or little-known Tipulidee. 149

capillary median line dark brown; wings subhyaline, con-

spicuously spotted with brown ; cell lst MZ, closed or open,

the venation in this region inconstant.

Male.—Length 7-775 mm.; wing 8°8-10 mm.

Female.—Leugth about 5 mm.; wing about 6 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi dark brown. Antenne

brownish black. Head grey.

Mesonotal prescutum buffy yellow with three brownish-

grey stripes, the interspaces and a capillary median line dark

brown; scutal lobes brown; scutellum yellow, the base

darker; postnotum grey. Pleura greyish with a short

yellowish longitudinal stripe ending immediately before the

halteres ; dorso-pleural area obscure yellow. Halteres pale,

the knobs slightly darker. Legs with the cox and tro-

chanters obscure yellow; remainder of the legs obscure

yellow, the terminal tarsal segments infuscated. Wings

subhyaline, conspicuously spotted with brown as follows :—

Origin of Rs; at Sc.; along the cord and outer end of cell

lst M,; small but distinct clouds at the ends of the longi-

tudinal veins; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, ending

opposite the fork of R,,3, Sc, a short distance beyond the

origin of Rs; r on F, a short distance beyond its origin ;

cell 1st M/, closed or open; when closed, m is short, trans-

verse, the outer deflection of MW; in one wing of the paratype

elongated and rectangularly bent near mid-length ; in the

holotype, the right wing has cell lst M, confluent with cell

2nd M, by the atrophy of m, the left wing has both m and

the deflection of 4/3; atrophied so that the distal section of

M, lies free in the membrane as in certain Blepharoceride :

these unstable conditions indicate an inconstant venation

for the species ; basal deflection of Cu, oblique, some dis-

tance before the fork of .

Abdomen dark brown, the lateral margins of the segments

broadly, the caudal margins more narrowly, yellowish ;

hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium somewhat

as in 7. confluens, but the gonapophyses are shorter and

more strongly curved.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Spreydon, Canterbury, December 1920

(J. W. Campbell).

Allotype, alcoholic ¢, Riccarton Bush, Christchurch,

Canterbury, 1921 (EH. S. Gourlay).

Paratype, §, Old Man Range, Central Otago, January

1920 (Geo. Howes).

150 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Gnophomyia flavopygialis, sp. n.

Size small (wing under 8 mm.) ; general coloration red-

dish brown, the prescutum and scutum marked with darker —

brown; femora and tibiz yellow, tipped with dark brown ;

wings faintly yellowish, stigma small, dark brown ; mostly

lying distad of 7; hypopygium yellowish; pleural appen-

dages tapering to a single apical spine.

Male.—Length 4°5-5°5 mm. ; wing 6°3-7°8 mm.

Female.—Length 5:°5-5°8 mm.; wing 5'9-7 mm.

Rostrum reddish; palpi dark brown. Antenne dark

brown, the basal segments a little more reddish ; flagellar

segments oval-cylindrical. Head grey.

Mesonotum light reddish brown. The preescutum with

three darker brown stripes ; median stripe broad, becoming

obliterated before the suture, very indistinctly split by a

capillary darker line ; lateral stripes less distinct, better de-

limited internally ; scutal lobes dark brown; scutellum dark

brown ; postnotum reddish anteriorly, passing into brown

behind. Pleura reddish brown; an interrupted dorsal

brown longitudinal stripe extending to the halteres ; meso-

sternum dark medially and as a narrow line cephalad of the

mesocoxa. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxe and tro-

chanters reddish brown; femora and tibiz obscure yellow,

the tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings

with a faint yellow tinge, the costal cell faintly infuscated,

especially basally; stigma small, dark brown, almost all

lying distad of r; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, at the

extreme tip of Sc,,so Sc, alone is about equal to r-m; r just

before the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium reddish yellow, this

coloration including the pleurites and appendages. Male

hypopygium with the pleurites stout, tapering to the apex ;

the single pleural appendage is situated at the apex of the

pleurite, slender, tapering to the single acute apical spine;

before the tip on the cephalic face with a small weakly seti-

gerous lobule; no brush of sete at base of caudal-lateral

angle of appendage.

The paratypes are smaller than the type with Sc, a little

longer and the stigmal spot fainter, but the coloration and

structure of the male hypopygium is quite the same.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, &, Blackball, West Coast, March 1920 (J. W.

Campbell).

Allotype, 2, Nelson, January 1, 1920 (A. Philpott).

new or little-known Tipulide. 151

Paratopotype, 13; paratypes, 2 3 8, Nelson; 224,

19, Takaka, Nelson, February 6, 1920 (R. J. Tillyard).

The allotype and certain paratypes in the collection of the

Cawthron Institute.

G. flavopygialis is allied to G. neozelandica, Kdwards.

In his splendid revision of the Tipuloidea of New Zealand,

Mr. Edwards has proposed a new subgeneric term for this

latter species. Since this was written, the remarkable

aquatic larvee and pupe of the flies of this genus have been

discovered by Dr. Campbell and Dr. Tillyard, and there can

be no doubt but that Edwards’s group deserves full generic

ranking.

Atarba (Atarba) filicornis, sp. n.

Antenne of male only a little shorter than the entire

body ; cell ls¢ Md, small; male hypopygium with an erect

chitinized spike near the base of each pleural appendage,

the latter bifid with one arm appearing as a slender

chitinized spine.

Male.—Length 6 mm. ; wing 6°3 mm.; antenna 5°4 mm.

Female.—Length 6:2 mm.; wing 6°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne of the male

very long, only a little shorter than the body, dark brown ;

basal segments a little more testaceous; fiagellar segments

elongate-cylindrical, provided with abundant erect hairs.

In the female the flagellar segments are distinctly bi-

colorous, the basal half of each flagellar segment brown,

the distal half distinctly pale. Head reddish brown, the

vertex with a golden-yellow pollen.

Mesonotum shiny obscure yellow without darker mark-

ings. Pleura yellow, the dorsal pleurites a little darkened.

Halteres brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs obscure

yellow, only the terminal tarsal segments dark brown ;

tibial spurs present. Wings with a strong yellowish-grey

suffusion, highly iridescent ; cells C and Sc more yellowish ;

stigma pale yellowish brown; veins brown, Venation: Sc

short, Sc, ending about opposite one-fourth the length of

Rs, Sc, immediately before the origin of Rs; Rs compara-

tively short and rather strongly arcuated at origin; veins

R,,3; and R,,; parallel for almost their entire length; cell

lst M, small, nearly square ; basal deflection of Cu, at the

fork of M,

Abdomen obscure yellowish brown; in the male a brown-

ish-black subterminal ring; hypopygium obscure yellow.

152 Dr. GC. P. Alexander on

Male hypopygium with the blackened pleural appendage

with a conspicuous black spike at base, the tip with small

black spinule ; each pleural appendage terminates in an elon-

gate, slender, gently curved spine, immediately below which

is a pale cylindrical lobe terminating in a seta; this seems

to be a single complex appendage rather than two approxi-

mated appendages, but this cannot be definitely affirmed

without treating the hypopygium.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island),

Holotype, 8, Dun Mt., Nelson, altitude 2500 ft., Jahan

27, 1921 (A. Philpott).

Allotopotype, ? , altitude 8000 ft., January 24, 1921.

Type in the collection of the Cawthron Institute.

Limnophila watti, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown, the pleura grey pruinose ;

halteres yellow; legs yellow, the terminal tarsal segments

brownish black ; wings greyish yellow, the base and costal

region clearer yellow; rv far from tip of R,; cell JZ, present,

a little shorter than its petiole.

Female.—Length about 6°5 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Rostrum, palpi, and antennee brown. Head with a greyish-

yellow pollen.

Pronotum dark brown with a greyish-yellow pollen.

Mesonotal preescutum shiny dark brown, the interspaces and

lateral margins more pollinose; humeral region obscure

brownish yellow ; pseudosutural fovez conspicuous, black ;

tuberculate pits elongate, lying a little before the level of

the pseudosutural fovez ; remainder of mesonotum heavily

pruinose, the scutellum more testaceous. Pleura dark with

a delicate grey appressed pubescence, the dorsal sclerites

more infuscated. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxe

brown, covered with microscopic hairs; trochanters brown ;

femora and tibize obscure yellow, the tibial tips narrowly

darkened ; metatarsi brownish yellow, the tips narrowly

darkened ; terminal tarsal segments brownish black. Wings

with a greyish-yellow tinge, clearer yellow at the base of

wing and in cells C, Sc, and behind vein Cu; stigma pale

brown ; veins brown. Venation: Sc, ending opposite the

end of Rs, Sc slightly removed from the tip of Sc,, the

latter alone a little longer than R,,3;; Rs long, arcuated at

origin; AR,,, shorter than the deflection of Ryis5; Rs

strongly arcuated at origin ; 7 faint, far from the tip of R,,

near mid-distance between fork of R,3 and tip of R, ; inner

new or little-known Tipulide. 153

ends of cells R;, R;, and Ist M, about in alignment; cell

lst M, small, pentagonal; cell 47, only a little shorter than

its petiole; basal deflection of Cu, rather close to the fork

of M, at about one-sixth the length of cell lst M,.

Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor dark horn-colour,

elongate-acicular.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 2, Mt. Ruapehu, alpine zone, altitude 4000-

5000 ft., January 1921 (MW. N. Watt).

* Collected in thick bush.”

Limnophila watti is named in honour of the collector,

Mr. Morris N. Watt, to whom the writer is indebted for

many fine crane-flies from the alpine zones of Mts. Egmont

and Ruapehu.

Limnophila ruapehuensis, sp. n.

General coloration yellow; mesonotal prescutum with

indistinct darker stripes ; head yellow; legs yellow, only the

terminal tarsal segments darkened ; wings light yellow,

r very indistinct, far from the tip of R,; cell JZ, small, only

about one-half the length of its petiole.

Female.—Length 6 mm. ; wing 6°2-6°3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the basal segment paler. Head with a brownish-yellow

pollen.

Mesonotum with a brownish-yellow pollen, the prescutum

with three very faint darker stripes, the humeral region

yellowish; tuberculate pits as in L. watti, elongate, situated

far caudad and lying close together. Pleura yellow, the

dorsal pleurites marked with brown. Halteres yellow.

Legs with the coxz and trochanters yellow ; remainder of

the legs yellow, the terminal tarsal segments infuscated.

Wings light yellow; veins brownish yellow. Venation:

Sc, about twice the length of Sc,; R,,3 shorter than the

deflection of Ay,;; 7 very indistinct, far removed from the

tip of R,; cell M, small, about one-half the length of its

petiole ; basal deflection of Cu, at about one-fifth the length

of cell lst My.

Abdominal segments distinctly annulated, the basal two-

fifths or less of each segment dark brown, the distal three-

fifths or more yellowish. Ovipositor elongate, yellowish

horn-colour,

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 9, Mt. Ruapehu, alpine zone, altitude 4000-

5000 ft., January 1921 (AL NV. Watt).

154 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Paratopotypes,3 2 2.

“Collected in thick bush.”

Limnophila ruapehuensis and L. watti appear to be related

to the Nearctic L. brevifurca; Osten-Sacken.

Gynoplistia dimidiata, sp. n.

General coloration shiny coal-black ; antenne with fifteen

segments; flagellar segments 1 to 9 with long flabel-

lations, the longest about one-half as long as the flagellum ;

fore tibia black throughout; posterior tibia with an obscure

whitish ring ; wings indistinctly dimidiate, the cells beyond

the cord conspicuously darker than cells R and M ; base of

cell R clear ; 7 present.

Male.—Length 5°2 mm. ; wing 5°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennz black throughout ;

13 flagellar segments, segments 1 to 9 with long flabel-

lations, the longest (on segments 3 and 4) approximately

one-half the length of the entire flagellum ; terminal four

segments simple. Head shiny coal-black.

Pronotum and mesonotum shiny coal-black. Pleura coal-

black without pruimosity. Halteres pale, the knobs dark

brown. Legs with the coxze brown, paler apically ; trochan-

ters obscure yellow; fore femora obscure yellow on basal

three-fifths, the dilated apex black, fore tibia and tarsi black ;

hind legs similar, but the posterior tibize with an obscure

whitish wing near mid-length that is about as wide as the

dark apex beyond it ; pubescence of legs not conspicuous ;

middle legs lacking. Wings with the area basad of the cord

greyish subhyaline, beyond the cord conspicuously infuseated

to give the wing a dimidiate appearance; cell Se darker

than cell C; stigmal area large, brown, continued caudad as

a seam along the cord; a narrow brown seam at origin

of Rs; a faint brown clouding near the bases of cells 1 and

Cu and including the outer ends of cells Cu, 1st A, and

2nd A; base of cell & entirely clear ; veins dark brownish

black. Venation: Sc short, ending just beyond mid-length

of the short, strongly arcuated sector ; Sc, at the tip of Sc,;

R,,3 very short, about equal to r ; 7 faint but evident, near

mid-distance between the fork of R,,; and the tip of R, ;

deflection of R,,, elongate, without macrotrichiz ; cell d/,

about one-half longer than its petiole; basal deflection of

Cu, near one-third the length of cell 1st M,.

Abdomen shiny coal-black, the pleural appendages of the

hypopygium obscure yellow.

new or little-known Tipulide. 15

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 6, Dun Mt., Nelson, altitude 2000 ft., Janu-

ary 20, 1921 (A. Philpott).

Type in the collection of the Cawthron Institute.

Gynoplistia campbelli, sp. n.

General coloration shiny black with conspicuous metallic-

blue reflexions; antennze with fifteen segments ; flagellar

segments one to eight with long flabellations ; terminal five

segments simple; wings subhyaline with an extensive but

indistinct cross-banded pale brown pattern, in addition to

larger and darker marks at the origin of Rs and the stigma ;

cell M, lacking.

Male.—Length 67 mm.; wing 64mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black, 15-seg-

mented ; flagellar segments 1 to 8 with long flabellations ;

terminal five segments simple; longest flabellations about

two-fifths the length of the flagellum. Head shiny black,

with faint bluish reflexions.

Mesonotum shiny black with faint bluish reflexions.

Pleura concolorous with the mesonotum with a narrow line

of appressed grey pubescence extending from the fore coxa

almost to the wing-root. Halteres broken. Legs with the

cox shiny black; trochanters dark brown; remainder of

the legs black, the femoral bases broadly paler. Wings

subhyaline with an extensive pale brown pattern; a large

darker brown area at the origin of Rs, not reaching vein M ;

stigmal area large, dark brown, continued caudad along the

cord to cell lst M,; the wing-tip, a band in the cubital cell

opposite the level of the cord, a band in cells M, Cu, and

lst A opposite to the origin of Rs, and cell 2nd A, with

the exception of the base, paler brown ; veins dark brown.

Venation: Sc, ending just before the end of Rs, Sc, indis-

tinct ; Rs long, angulated at origin ; R,,3 short, about equal

tor; r beyond mid-length of the distance between origin of

R, and the tip of R,; cell M, lacking ; basal deflection

of Cu, at one-fourth the length of cell lst Wj.

Abdomen black with conspicuous metallic-blue reflexions;

hypopygium small, obscure chestnut-brown.

Hab. New Zealand.

Holotype, & , exact locality unknown, but probably Black-

ball, South Island (J. W. Campbell).

Gymnoplistia campbelli is dedicated to my friend, Dr. J. W,

Campbell, to whom I am indebted for many specimens of

156 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

New Zealand Tipulide, as well as valuable notes and

observations. It is the only New Zealand species with cell

M, lacking, a character possessed only by G. jucunda, Osten-

Sacken, and G. octofasciata, Brunetti (Celebes), among the

described species of the genus.

Gynoplistia fulviventris, sp. n.

Related to G. bimaculata, Skuse; size smaller (wing, ¢,

72mm.) ; mesonotum heavily pollinose; halteres orange

throughout; wings uniformly tinged with brown; con-

spicuous darker brown spots at origin of Rs and at the

deflection of Ry,;; male hypopygium with a. single pleural

appendage, the tip of which is strongly curved.

Male.—Length 775 mm. ; wing 7°2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne injured in the

type, apparently with twelve branched flageller segments,

dark brown throughout. Head dark brown with a sparse

yellow pollen.

Mesonotum and pleura with a very heavy yellow pollen,

which nearly conceals the brown or black ground-colour ;

pseudosutural fovez large, conspicuous, broadly triangular

in outline, the surface microscopically punctulate. Halteres

orange throughout. Legs with the coxe dark, vellowish-

grey pruinose; trochanters dark brown ; femora and tibize

yellow, the tips of each rather narrowly dark brown ; meta-

tarsi brown, the tips dark brown; remainder of tarsi dark

brown. Wings with a strong brown tinge; stigma darker

brown, this colour continued along the cord as a conspicuous

seam at the deflection of R,,;; a smaller but conspicuous

spot at origin of Rs; veins brown. Venation: As strongly

arcuated at origin; R,,3 short, about equal to m ; r-m shorter

than m; petiole of cell M, shorter than the cell ; basal

deflection of Cu; just before mid-length of cell Ist Mg.

Abdomen fulvous, a little darker toward the apex of the

organ; basal tergite infuscated, but not blackened. Male

hypopygium with each pleurite slender, tapering gradually

to the narrow apex, the outer face clothed with conspicuous

reddish sete; a single pleural appendage, narrow basally,

dilated before mid-length, thence narrowed to the acute,

strongly curved point ; on the cephalic or proximal margin

are two protuberances, one opposite the subbasal dilation,

the second appearing as a small triangular wing some

distance before the tip. Gonapophyses complex, each bear-

ing two laterally-directed curved hooks, the more caudal of

which is very slender and delicate.

new or litile-known Tipulidee. 15a

Hab. Tasmania.

Holotype, $, Mangalore, January 25, 1913 (4. White).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History) from the White collection, No. 1917. 104.

Gynoplistia simplex, sp. u.

General coloration shiny coal-black without blue or

metallic reflexions; thoracic pleura and coxe silvery

pruinose; antenna of male with eleven pectinate segments ;

male hypopygium with a single pleural appendage that is

curved, the apex subacute.

Male.—Length about 10 mm.; wing 9°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennze with eleven

pectinate flagellar segments ; tip of antenna broken, there

being a total of fifteen segments present ; basal two flagellar

segments with long pectinations ; flageilar segments 3 to 11

pectinate, the pectination of the last segment longer than

the two simple segments following; antenna black through-

out. Head shiny coal-black.

Mesonotum shiny black. Pleura heavily silvery pruinose.

Halteres dark brown. Legs with the coxe pruinose ;

trochanters black ; remainder of the legs broken. Wings

subhyaline, the apex clouded with brown, this including the

outer ends of cells R,, Rs, R;, 2nd Mz, and most of M, ;

conspicuous dark brown spots at stigma, extending along

the cord tor-m; a large spot at origin of Rs and a less

distinct area in the base of cell R; remaining veins of the

cord indistinctly seamed with brown ; cells C and Sc brown,

the latter darker. Venation: Sc, ending near mid-length of

Ry,3; Ry,3 and deflection of R,,; subequal or the former

shorter ; cell 1, present ; basal deflection of Cu, before or

at mid-length of cell lst J.

Abdomen entirely coal-black, including the hypopygium.

Male hypopygium with a single pleural appendage, this

broadest basally, thence gently curved and narrowed to the

subacute apex.

Hab. Tasmania.

Holotype, 8, Mangalore, October 19, 1911 (A. White).

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History), from the White collection, No. 1917. 104.

Cerozodia victoria, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown, the head and thorax

pruinose ; mesonotal prescutum with three black stripes ;

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

io 2)

legs dark brown; wings subhyaline, heavily cross-banded

with dark brown.

Male.—Length about 13°5 mm. ; wing 12:2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the scapal segments slightly pruinose ; only nine flagellar

segments are present in the unique type, these all branched

and with the branches in the same plane; the terminal

pectinations are shortened and the total number of antennal

segments is presumably not more than sixteen or eighteen.

Head dark, sparsely pruimose, clearer grey adjoining the

inner margin of the eyes.

Mesonotum clear grey, the prescutum with three black

stripes ; pseudosutural fovez conspicuous, triangular, black.

Pleura dark, sparsely pruinose. Halteres dark brown.

Legs with the coxe black, sparsely pruinose; remainder of

the legs dark brown, including the tarsi. Wings subhyaline,

very heavily spotted and cross-banded with dark brown;

cells C and Se dark brown; arcular cell dark; a spot

in cell & mid-distant between arculus and origin of Rs; a

large quadrate area at origin of Rs; avery broad cross-band,

at the cord, including the stigma, continued caudad along

the cord and outer end of cell ls¢ 1/, to the candal margin

of the wing in cell Cw, the centre of cell 1st 17, subhyaliue ;

the terminal dark band occupies the wing-tip, in the extreme

outer end of cell 2nd R,: distal two-fifths of cells R, and

R,;; about the distal half of cells R; and 2nd M,; all of M,

and the extreme tip of M3; conspicuous brown clouds in

the basal half of Cu, the outer quarter of cell ls¢ A, and the

outer half of cell 2nd A; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs

in alignment with R,.3; * near mid-distance between the

fork of Ry,3 and the tip of R,; cell 1st M/, rectangular ;

petiole of cell J, elongate, only a little shorter than

the cell itself; basal deflection Ca, at one-third the length

of cell lst Mg.

Abdominal tergites shiny brownish black, including the

hypopygium; sternites slightly pruinose.

Hab. Victoria.

Holotype, 3, collected by C. French.

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History), No. 1912. 491.

Cerozodia victoria is slightly larger than the Tasmanian

C. minuscula, Alex.

Clytocosmus edwardsi, sp. n.

. & - es

Female.—Length about 27 mm.; wing 20° mm,

new or little-known Tipulide. 159

Generally similar to C. tillyardi, Alex., differing princi-

pally in the structure of the antenne and the coloration of

the abdominal tergites.

First antennal segment orange, the remaining segments

dark brown; flagellar segments 1 to 4 broadly pyriform,

decreasing in size from the first to the fourth; segments

beyond the fourth cylindrical and provided with very long

verticils.

Mesonotum and pleura with orange stripes. Legs black.

Wings with a strong yellowish tinge, more infuscated on

the distal half, the centres of cells M, Cu,, and Ist A paler.

Abdominal tergites black, only the eighth and ninth

segments orange. First tergite with a large, triangular,

white area on each side; second tergite black, unmarked

except for a large, elongate, transverse, white area on either

side, only narrowly separated on the median line ; tergite

3 black with a small, rounded, white spot near the

lateral margin and an even smaller pair lying more cephalad

and closer to the median line; tergite 4 with only the

rounded lateral spots ; tergite 5 with the lateral spots shghtly

larger, and in addition with two much larger white areas

closer to the median line, these latter areas larger than the

black space separating them ; tergites 6 and 7 black with

large and conspicuous white lateral spots ; segment 8 orange;

segment 9 and the ovipositor more castaneous. Sternites

orange, the lateral margins narrowly but conspicuously

blackened.

Hab. Victoria.

Holotype, ? , labelled “ F. N. Gully, 12. 4. 1909.”

Type in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History) from the White Collection, No. 1917. 104.

Mr. Edwards writes that Brunetti has two additional

females of this species from Monbulk, Victoria.

The genus Clytocosmus includes the most magnificent

crane-flies so far discovered. The five known species may

be separated by the accompanying key :—

1. Stripes of the mesonotal preescutum black .

Stripes of the mesonotal praescutum orange .

2. Basal three flagellar segments subpyriform ;

abdomen black, tergites 2-4 bright

yellow. (North Queensland.)........ lichtwardti, Ried.

Basal seven flagellar segments cordiform ;

abdomen black, the basal half of tergite

2 orange. (New South Wales.)...... skuset, Alex.

3. Prothorax, mesonotal scutellum, and post-

notum black; thoracic pleura black,

g2 bo

160 Rev. 8. Graham Brade- Birks on Myriapoda.

spotted with white. (New South

Wales.) auictnete ciel: Jb OI RREL eG e ic 46 helmsi, Skuse ; genotype.

Prothorax, mesonotal scutellum, and post-

notum orange ; thoracic pleura orange,

spotted with white <2... seems 4,

4, Abdominal tergites 1 and 2 with orange

markings; tergite 7 orange. (New

South Wales.) i... «enc cee Smtoniae tillyardi, Alex.

Abdominal tergites 1-7 black, spotted

with white, without orange markings.

( VACLOYIB,) °. eelats 3 s/o SRE ae tae edwardsi, sp. 0.

Clytocosmus edwardsi is dedicated to Mr. F. W. Edwards,

of the British Museum of Natural History, in appreciation

of the many favours he has shown the writer in his studies on

the Tipulidee.

XI1.—WNotes on Myriapodaan—X XVI. The Names of some

Tulide and Blaniulide. By the Rev. 8. GRAHAM BRADE-

Brrxs, M.Sc. (Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and

Geology, 8.E. Agricultural College (University of London),

Wye, Kent.

Ir is clear from a study of two recent papers—one by

Chamberlin (1921), the other by Brélemann (1921)—that we

must make certain alterations of names in our faunal lists.

As a result of correspondence with both authors and a

perusal of these papers, the writer is able to make the

following remarks :—

Cylindrotulus londinensis, var. cwruleocinctus (Wood, 1864),

= (. londinensis, var. teutonicus (Pocock, 1900).

The form we have known recently in this country under

the name of Cylindroiulus londinensis, var. teutonicus (Pocock),

also occurs in North America, where, as on the continent of

Kurope, it seems to have been regarded as the typical form

of Leach’s “‘Zulus londinensis.’” Chamberlin, taking the view

that Cylindroiulus, Verhocff, is a synonym of L¢ploiulus,

Berlese, 1883, calls the animal Diploculus londinensis (Leach).

Some authors regard D/ploiulus asa synonym of Julus. An

important point for us is that Chamberlin includes in his

synonymy of this form “1864. Julus cwruleo-cinetus Wood,

Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil., p. 14.” Jn litt. Chamberlin says,

‘Our form is the var. teutonicus, agreeing fully with Euro-

pean specimens identified as londinensis by Meinert and

Rey. 8. Graham Brade-Birks on Myrtapoda, 161

Verhoeff. However, Wood’s name ceruleocinctus must re-

place tewlonicus, having the priority by many years.” With

this the writer agrees, and, until it is shown conclusively that

Cylindroiulus is a synonym of Diploiulus, it would seem that

for this form we must use the name Cylindrovulus londinensis,

var. ceruleocinctus (Wood).

Cylindroiulus owent (Bollman, 1887)

= C. frisius (Verhoeff, 1891).

Chamberlin speaks of a form he calls Diplovulus luscus

(Meinert). here is no doubt that the animal known to

Chamberlin under this name is Zulus fristus, Verhoeff, 1891,

for Chamberlin finds that ‘ Comparison of American speci-

mens with some from Holland shows complete agreement in

the gonopods of the male.” Jn litt. Chamberlin explains to

me why he calls this species luscus (Meinert). ‘ Probably,”

he says, “I have been influenced in using Meinert’s name

luscus by the fact that specimens sent me many years ago by

Dr. Meinert under the name are the same species as owen,

etc.”

In his paper Chamberlin gives the following synonymy :—_

“1868, Julus luscus Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., 3 R., V, p. 9.

1887. Julus owentt Bollman, Entom. Amer., 11, p. 228.

1891. Julus frisius Verhoett, Berl. Ent. Zeits., xxxvi, Hft. 1, p. 183,

pl. 6, figs. 17-21.

1914. Julus hesperus Chamberlin, Canad. Ent., p. 314.”

He also states, “ here seems little doubt that this is the

true /uscus of Meinert; but if luscws is held to be indeter-

minable with certainty, then oweni2 must take precedence

over frisius.” The writer agrees, and until further evidence

is forthcoming proposes to use the name owent, as it appears

at the head of this section.

Brachyiulus pusillus (Leach, 1814).

Chamberlin says, “‘lhis species is sometimes placed by

European workers in a subgenus Microbrachyiulus ; but as it

is the type of Brachyiulus any genus or subgenus in which

it is included must bear this name.’ Consequently we must

cease to use the subgeneric appellation in the case of this

animal.

Ophytulus pilosus (Newport, 1842).

For this form Chamberlin uses the name Uphiulus longabo

(C. Koch). From what has been said by Bidlemann (1919),

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. a!

162 Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks on Myriapoda.,

p. 67, and in two papers in this series (Brade-Birks, Mar.

1919 and 1919 d), it will be seen that the name at the head

of this paragraph has priority, and that the spelling of the

generic name is as there shown,

Blaniulus guttulatus (Bose, 1792).

The writer is in agreement with Chamberlin in his use of

this name, but Zulus pulchellus, Leach, 1814, is a synonym.

Nopoiulus minutus (Brandt, 1841) = Nopoiulus hocha

(Gervais, 1847) = Nopotulus venustus (Meinert, 1868).

Under the name Nopotulus pulchellus (Leach) it is evident

that Chamberlin refers to the form called WV. kocht (Gervais)

in the eighteenth paper in this series (Brade-Birks, Oct. 1919),

but Julus pulchellus, Leach, 1814, has been shown to be

synonymous with Julus guttulatus, Bose, 1792 ; and, though

the name Julus pulchellus, C. L. Koch, 1838, has been used

for the animal of which we are now speaking, that name,

being preoccupied by Leach’s use of it, cannot stand here.

We fell back upon the name kochi (Lulus kochii, Gervais,

1847), but, accepting Chamberlin’s synonymy, we must adopt

an earlier name, and call the animal Nopotulus minutus

(Brandt) (ulus minutus, Brandt, 1841, Recueil. p. 89).

FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS.

Brélemann (1921), giving a diagnostic key, expressly

mentions the family Blaniulide in his title. As far back as

1847 C. L. Koch (Syst. d. Myr. p. 48) speaks of “ Blani-

uliden,” and as this name antedates even the genus Jsobates,

Menge, 1851, the present writer feels that the name Blani-

ulide is to be preferred to Isobatidee, which is used by Cham-

berlin (1921). As Chamberlin says, “The use of Protoiulidee

for this family is inadmissible both because it is antedated by

the names Isobatidee and Blaniulidze and also because it is

not based upon an included genus.”

New genera are established by Brélemann (1921), and as

British forms fall into three of them, a list of the species thus

affected is appended :—

Choneiulus palmatus (Némec).

Blaniulus palmatus, Némec, 1895, Véstnik kral. ceské spolec-

nosti nauk, ‘rida math-prirodovédecka (p. 5 of reprint).

Archiboreotulus pallidus (mili).

Proteroiulus pallidus, 8. G. Brade-Birks, 1920, Ann. & Mag

Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. vi. pp. 364, 365.

On Spiders from Spitsbergen and Bear Island. 163

Boreotulus tenuis (Bigler).

Monacobates tenuis, Bigler, 1915, Rev. Suisse Zool. Geneva, xxi.

p. 750.

It should be added that Brélemann places the form deseribed

~ by Am Stein in 1857 as Blaniulus fuscus, known to us

recently as Amsteinia fuscus, in the genus Proteroiulus,

Silvestri.

S.E. Agricultural College,

Wye, Kent,

16th November, 1921.

Some REFERENCES.

BraveE-Brrxs, Hitpa K., and 8. GrawaM Brapr-Birks, March 1919

“ Notes on Myriapoda.—XVI. Some Observations on Nomencla-

ture.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ili. pp. 253-256,

——. 1919b. “Notes on Myriapoda.—XVII. Pour réhabiliter quel-

ques anciens noms spécifiques.” Bull. Soc. zool. France, lxiv.

pp. 63-66.

—. October 1919. ‘Notes on Myriapoda.—X VIII. Report on Chilo-

poda and Diplopoda for the latter Part of 1918.” Lanes. and

Ches. Nat. xii. pp. 101-106,

BroOLEMANN, Henry W. 1919. (Notes on Brade-Birks, 1919 4, ante.)

Bull. Soe. zool. France, xiv. pp. 66-68.

——. 1921. “Clef dichotomique des divisions et des espéces de la

famille des Blaniulidee (Myriap.).” Arch. Zool. expér. et gén.

Ix., Notes et revue, no. 1, pp. 1-10.

CHAMBERLIN, RatpH V. 380thJune, 1921. “ The Julide and Isobatidee

in North America.” Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xxxiv. pp.81-84.

XIII.—On the Spiders captured by Mr. C. S, Elton at Spits-

bergen and Bear Island in 1921. Results of the Owford

University Expedition to Spitsbergen —No. 5. By A.

RANDELL JACKSON,

THE following eight species were obtained by Mr. C.8. Elton.

Seven of these had been recorded previously from these

regions, the eighth appears to be new to science. One of

the seven seems never to have been figured, so I add illustra-

tious to those of the new species.

The Expedition obtained specimens, in Bear Island from

June 14th to June 22nd inclusive, and in Spitsbergen from

June 26th to August 11th.

164 Mr. A. Randell Jackson on Spiders

1. Leptyphantes sobrius, Ther. (1).

Both males and females in Mr. Elton’s collection, as well

as numbers of immature examples. JL. latebricola, L. K. (3),

which was obtained in Nova Zembla and Siberia, is possibly

the same species. Kdénig (10) gave additional descriptions

of the female, but the sexual organs were not figured, nor

does there seem to be any figure or description of the palpus.

The paracymbium is of a very distinct shape, showing two

very prominent upwardly projecting processes between the

apex and base. The lamella characteristica issues from

behind the paracymbium ; it divides into two limbs, one above

the other. The upper one consists of a slender, slightly

curved, pointed, chitinous rod, from the lower side of which

springs a glistening white feathery fringe, the termination of

which forms a plume. The lower part is a semitransparent

fragile membranous plate, ending in a dark, strongly chiti-

nized, spine-like point. The tibia bears above six or eight

bristles about as long as the diameter of the joint. There are

several long hairs on the patella, which also bears on a slight

eminence on the upper side near the distal end a long strong

seta several times as long as the joint. The tarsus bears a

blunt lobe on the outer side near the base. Jt is drawn out

into a point behind at the inner side.

Length of articles :—patella °15 mm., tibia ‘15 mm., tarsus

“57 mm.

The femora of the legs are all unarmed, except the first

pair, each of which has a spine on its upper third on the inner

side. The first and second metatarsi each show a single

spine above in the upper third. The third and fourth meta-

tarsi, in addition to this, shew one at the same level beneath

and one a little lower on the outer side, three in all.

Colour and markings as in the female (1) and (10).

The epigyne is fairly characteristic, but has a strong

general resemblance to that of several other species of the

genus.

Advent Bay, Klaas Billen, Prince Charles Foreland.

2. Hilaira glacialis, Thor. (1).

Four adult males and one adult female.

Sexual organs figured by Kulezynski (9).

Klaas Billen, Advent Bay.

This species occurs also in Siberia.

stn ele

from Spitsbergen and Bear Island. 165

Fig. 1.—Micaria eltonit, sp.n. Male palpus: left tibia and part of tarsus

from above.

Fig. 2.—Micaria eltonti, sp.n. Male palpus: paipal organs and tarsal

spines of left side, from below.

Fig. 3.—Leptyphantes sobrius, Thor. Left palpus of male, from outer

side.

Fig. 4.—Leptyphantes sobrius, Thor. Left paracymbium from outer side

and slightly from behind.

Fig. 5.—Leptyphantes sobrius, Thor. Epigyne of female from below.

Fig. 6.—Leptyphantes sobrius, Thor. Lamella characteristica of left side

from below. P denotes paracymbium,

166 Mr. A. Randell Jackson on Spiders

3. Typhochrestus spetsbergensis, Thor. (1).

Six adult males, five adult females, and a number of

immature examples.

Klaas Billen, Prince Charles Foreland, Gips Valley.

Also from Siberia, New Siberian islands (9); probably

Greenland.

4, Erigone psychrophila, Thor. (1).

Two males only at Ebba Valley.

Occurs also in Siberia and the New Siberian Islands (g)

and Franz Joseph Land.

5. Erigone arctica, White.

Four males and two females at [Claas Billen.

Several of the immature specimens probably belong to this

species.

Of a very wide range, including the British Isles, in many

parts of which it is common.

6. Lrigone ttrolensis, L. K.

A female from Klaas Billen, and another from Liefde Bay.

In the absence of the male the determination is not quite

certain; but I feel pretty sure, and the male has already

occurred in Spitsbergen (7).

FE. tirolensis occurs on the Grampians and Ben Nevis at

high altitudes (11) ; also in Siberia and Nova Zembla (3),

Tyrol, Switzerland, and ‘Tatra.

7. Corypheus holmgrenii, Thor. (1).

One adult male and seven adult females from Bear Island.

This is certainly the C. mendieus, L. Koch (3), of British

authors, and almost certainly Lophomma nivicola, Strand (6).

Siberia, Nova Zembla (3), the north-east coast of Si-

beria (8), the Scottish mountains at high altitudes (11).

Mr. Elton did not find this species at Spitsbergen. It was

the only one found at Bear Island.

8. Micaria eltonii, sp. n.

One adult male at Klaas Billen on August 9th, 1921.

This appears to be undescribed, and I have great pleasure

in giving it Mr. Elton’s name. I must, however, state that

from Spitsbergen and Bear Island. 167

at least four species of Afvcaria have been described from the

Arctic regions ; these are :—M/. humilis, Kulez. (4), M. cen-

trocnemis, Kulez. (4), JZ. enea, Thor. (‘ Remarks on Syno-

nyms of European Spiders,’ 1870-1873, p. 175), and M. fo-

veata, Strand (5)—the two former from Siberia and the two

latter from northern Norway. Of M. labradoriensis, Marx,

from Labrador, [ have no information beyond its existence.

M, eltonii may turn out to be the male of any of these, the

first four of which are only known in the female sex ; but

from the descriptions of these I should think it quite

unlikely. The proper course seems to be to describe it now.

This is the first spider not an Argiopid to be found in

Spitsbergen. It belongs, of course, to the family Clubionidee.

Facies.—Resembles a large specimen of M. pulicaria, but

has no white abdominal bands or spots. ‘The specimen

shows a few thick white hairs on each side of the cephalo-

thorax near its base, but these are not numerous enough to

€ seen without a microscope.

Length.—Cephalothorax 1:5 mm., abdomen 2°1 mm., total

3°6 mm.

Cephalothorax.—Smooth, dark reddish brown, mottled and

striped with deeper brown markings radiating from a dark

wedge-shaped mark at the thoracic juncture. Covered with

very fine white pubescence, and showing the aforesaid patches

of thickened white hairs towards its posterior border.

Sternum.—Dark red brown, almost black, covered with

long fine hairs and without squames.

Hyes.—Anterior row strongly procurved—z. e., concave in

front. Centrals the smallest, each more than a diameter

apart and less than a diameter from the adjacent laterals,

Posterior row slightly procurved. Eyes subequal or centrals

slightly less than laterals, all elliptical in shape. Centrals

obliquely placed, more than a diameter apart and about the

same distance from the laterals.

Falces.—Dark red-brown ; not rugose, bearing no squames,

covered with long bristly hairs.

Palpi.—Maxille dark red-brown, with a whitish patch at

the tip on the inner side.

Femur, patella, and tibia yellow-brown, marbled with

darker brown, and darker above than below.

Tarsus dark brown, almost black, paler at the tip. It bears

on its under surface between the palpal organs and the tip

three long strong spines, the one present in some other

species on the outer side being absent ; all these articles are

covered with long simple hairs.

The patella is *25 mm. long and :15 mm. broad from side

168 On Spiders from Spitsbergen and Bear Island.

to side, the former dimension measured laterally, the latter

from above.

The tibia measures ‘22 mm. long and ‘13 mm. broad. At

its distal end on the outer side it bears a subtriangular,

pointed, semitransparent apophysis projecting obliquely for-

wards and outwards, and measuring ‘045 mm. as seen from

above.

The palpal organs are rounded and convex. They show a

small hook-like process between the middle and the apex, the

tip of the hook being directed inwards. On the inner side

near the apex is a corueous process, ending in a sharp point

projecting forwards and outwards. A little white glistening

membrane occupies the extreme apex of the palpal organs.

Legs.—Coxee and ¢rochanters yellow-brown with dark

brown markings. Femora dark brown, with the exception of

the basal halves of the four anterior ones, which are yellow-

brown.

Femora 1. and ii, each bear two spines above, one near tlie

base and one near apex at the inner side.

Femur ili. also bears two spines, one on the distal and the

other on the proximal third. :

Femur iv. only shows the proximal spine.

All the remaining articles are dark brown.

‘Tibie and metararsi i, and i. clothed beneath with long

hairs and bearing no long spines.

Tibia and metatarsi iil. and iv. each bear several pairs of

long spines below ; these are more or less concealed among

the long hairs clothing the part, and are difficult to count.

Tarsi all scopulate, the four anteriors much more thickly

so than the four posteriors.

Abdomen dark brown, almost black, sparsely covered with

scattered, thick, iridescent hairs which do not form a pattern.

There are faint indigations of a pair of yellow-brown spots on

the anterior third, followed by several chevron markings.

Spinners.— Upper spinners yellow-brown, lower spinners

almost black.

The following is the analysis of Mr. Elton’s total eateh :—

Adult specimens......... sae ry AE 43

Immature (probably Z. sobria).. Fee ks

Immature and unrecognizable ...... ae Oe

Total. eat ie) ¥) se hare ke \aite fein 92

There was no indication that any of the immature specimens

belonged to any species not included in the above list, but, of

course, it is quite impossible to be sure.

uitnsi il

On the Genus Tragosia, Gray. 169

Two species have been recorded from Spitsbergen which

Mr. Elton did not meet; these are :—

Leptyphantes hyperboreus, Strand (10).—An adult male and

an immature female.

Micryphantes fuscipalpis, C. L. K.—One female.

This is an extremely critical genus, and the identification

is very doubtful. It is far more likely to be JL. nigripes,

Sim., or some other form. It is absolutely necessary to have

males in order to be sure of the species.

REFERENCES.

(1) THorrit, T. “Om Arach. fr. Spetsbergen och Beeren-Eiland.”

(Efversigt. af. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockholm (1871).

(2) PrckaArRD-CAMBRIDGE, O. ‘On some new and little-known Spiders

from the Arctic Regions.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1877).

(3) Kocu, L. “Arach. aus Sibirien und Novaja Semlja.” An die

Konig]. Schwed. Akad. de Wissen. (1878).

(4) Kunezynsxi1, W. Ayan. in Camtschad. a Dre B. Dybowski col-

lectze. Cracow (1885).

(5) Srranp, E. Zur Kenntniss der Arachniden Norwegens (1900).

(6) “‘Therid. aus den Nord Norwegen.” Archiy. for Mathemat,

og Naturvid. B. xxiv. no. 2 (1901).

(7) Kuuczynsxi, W. “Zool. Ergeb. der Russ. Exped. nach Spitz-

bergen.” Kaiserlich Akad. der Wissen. St. Petersburg (1902).

(8) Aran. in Terra Tshuktshorum a cel Podhorski lect. Frag.

Arachnolog. v. (1907).

(9) ——. Aran. et Ovibat. exped. Ross. in Insul. Novo-Sibiricus.

St. Petersburg (1908).

(ro) Konia, ALEX. Avifauna Spitzbergensis. Bonn (1911). (Spider

part written by E. Strand.)

(11) Jackson, A.R. “Contrib. to the Spider Fauna of Scotland.”

Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. of Edinburgh (1914).

XIV.—Note on the Genus Tragosia, Gray. By ARTHUR

Denpy, D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Zoology in the Uni-

versity of London (King’s College).

Tur genus Jragosia was proposed by Gray [1867] with

T. infundibuliformis as its type-species. This species is the

Isodictya infundibuliformis of Bowerbank [1866, 1874 |

and the Halichondria infundibuliformis of Fleming [1828 |

and Johnston [1842]. Perhaps this is as far-as it is safe

to go in tracing back the synonymy, but Johnston expresses

170 Prof. A. Dendy on

the confident opinion that his sponge is identical with the

Spongia infundibuliformis of Linnzeus.

The shortly-stalked, thin-walled, widely funnel-shaped

form of the sponge is highly characteristic when taken in

conjunction with the skeleton arrangement and spiculation.

The species seems to occur abundantly in the neighbourhood

of the Shetland Islands and Hebrides. Bowerbank records

it from as far south as Guernsey.

Gray saw quite correctly that this species could not

rightly be included in Bowerbank’s genus Jsodictya, nor

yet in the older genus Halichondria, but he was very unfor-

tunate in the diagnosis of his new genus Tragosia, which is

quite inadequate. It runs as follows :—

‘‘Sponge funnel-shaped or fan-shaped, branches anasto-

mosing, minutely hispid. Skeleton regularly netted.

** «Phe spicula of the primary lines of the skeleton are

needle-shaped, with their apices directed inwards; those of

the secondary lines are fusiform.’ ”

I do not know why the second paragraph of this diagnosis

is placed in inverted commas by Gray, but it contains a

singular error, for the apices of the styli are, of course, not

directed inwards but, as usual, outwards. The character

which seems especially to have impressed Dr. Gray in

founding his genus is the presence of the two kinds of

megascleres, stylote and oxeote, the former in the primary

and the latter in the secondary lines of the skeleton. As

this feature also occurs in Bowerbank’s Jsodictya dissimilis,

Gray includes that species in his 7ragosia. It was Dr.

Bowerbank, however, who first pointed out the similarity

of the two species in this respect, although they are very

different as regards external form.

The genus Tragosia has been accepted by Vosmaer,

Hanitsch and Topsent. The former, in Bronn’s ‘ Klassen

und Ordnungen des Thierreichs’ [1887], reproduces a

figure of the external form from Bowerbank, but he does

little, if anything, to improve the diagnosis. I cannot,

moreover, agree with him in considering Schmidt’s genus

Cribrochalina {1870] asa synonym of Jragosia. Schmidt’s

description leaves very little doubt that the type of his

genus at any rate—C. infundibulum—is a true Chalinine

sponge. Nor has the suggestion that Carter’s Semisuberites

[1877] may be another synonym been justified by sub-

sequent events.

Hanitsch [1894] adds nothing to our knowledge of the

genus, but his diagnosis is interesting because he expressly

states that there are no microscleres. Topsent also, although

the Genus Tragosia, Gray. 171

he has made use of the name 7rayosia on several occasions,

has not, so far as I am aware, done anything to extend our

knowledge in this direction. We may’ safely say that

hitherto the genus Tragosia has remained very badly charac-

terized, and one can hardly be surprised that Carter [1876]

completely ignored it and referred Bowerbank’s Jsodictya

infundibuliformis to Phakellia; indeed, he seems to have

actually confused the species with Phakellia ventilabrum.

We come now to the chief object of this note, which is to

call attention to a hitherto-unnoticed element in the spicu-

lation of Tragosia infundibuliformis, by the aid of which the

confusion between Tragosia and Phakellia can at once be

avoided and the genus placed upon a more satisfactory

footing.

Some years ago I received from Sir W. A. Herdman three

beautiful specimens of Tragosia infundibuliformis collected

in the Minch and preserved in alcohol. The external form

of these specimens is thoroughly typical and, taken in con-

junction with the locality, left little doubt as to the identi-

fication. In order to make quite sure, however, I recently

examined the spiculation of one of the specimens, and was

much surprised to find numerous microscleres in the form

of trichodragmata.

Before coming to the conclusion that trichodragmata

really form a normal constituent of the spiculation, it was

necessary to make a re-examination of specimens actually

referred to the species in question by the older writers. In

the first place, I found in Mr. Carter’s cabinet a slide

labelled “ Halichondria infundibuliformis. Johnst. B. M.

Shetland”, which is evidently a preparation of Tragosia

infundibuliformis, and which contains trichodragmata quite

unmistakably. Unfortunately the same slide is also labelled,

at the other end, “ Type specimen Phakellia robusta, Bk.”

Two other slides, both labelled “ Phakellia infundibularis ”

and “ Deep Sea,’ are evidently from the ‘ Porcupine’

collection, but they represent two distinct species. The

one has trichodragmata and may be safely identified as

Tragosia infundibuliformis; the other has no trichodragmata

(so far as I can see) and much larger megascleres, and is

probably referable to Phakellia ventilabrum. It is evident

from what Mr. Carter says about these species in his paper

on the ‘ Porcupine’ Sponges [ 1876, pp. 239, 240], taken in

conjunction with his preparations, that he failed to dis-

tinguish the one from the other.

There are in the Natural History Department of the

British Museum a number of dry specimens undoubtedly

172 Prof. A. Dendy on

referable to Tragosia infundibuliformis. Two of these I

examined microscopically. ‘The first was labelled, in Bower-

bank’s writing, “ Halichondria infundibuliformis Johnst.’’, to

which had been added, apparently in Carter’s writing, “'T. S.”

and “* Jsodictya inf. Bk.,”’ suggesting that Mr. Carter re-

garded this as the type-specimen of the species as accepted

by Johnston and Bowerbank. The second was labelled

“* Tsodictya infundibuliformis Bk.’ and “ Halichondria in-

Jfundibuliformis Sowerby.” Both of these specimens had

the typical external form, and both contained trichodrag-

mata. There can be no doubt that they are specifically

identical with the specimens obtained by Professor Herd-

man from the Minch.

I think we may now state confidently that the common

British species upon which Gray’s genus 7ragosia was founded

contains trichodragmata as constant and characteristic con-

stituents of its spiculation, and may thereby be distinguished

much more sharply from Phakellia than was formerly

possible. The fact that these spicules have been com-

pletely overlooked by previous observers may probably be

accounted for by their having examined only dry specimens,

in which the shrinkage of the soft tissues makes it much

more difficult to recognize them.

I have already, on more than one occasion [1916, 1921 4],

called attention to the curiously sporadic distribution of this

type of microsclere amongst the Tetraxonid Sponges, and

suggested that it has probably arisen again and again in the

course of evolution through parallel mutation. I have also

doubted its value for purposes of generic distinction, and

been, I fear, somewhat inconsistent in this respect. Thus

I have refrained [19218] from separating Cinachyra eury-

stoma, which possesses trichodragmata, from the remaining

nineteen species of the genus, which possesses none, while,

in the same memoir, I refused to admit into the genus Awi-

nella a species (“ Thinacophora”’ durissima) which possesses

trichodragmata, and also suggested that the presence of these

spicules may be used as a means of distinguishing the genus

Mycale from Aigagropila and Esperella. I have suggested,

in short, that each case should be treated on its merits,

without attempting to lay down a general rule. Where a

generic diagnosis is quite inadequate, as in the case of

Tragosia, the presence or absence of trichodragmata may

well be taken into consideration.

Hallmann [1916-17], a few years ago, published a

revision of the genera of so-called Axinellide containing

microscleres, in which he mentions a considerable number

the Genus Tragosia, Gray. 173

of species containing trichodragmata and makes extensive

use of this form of spicule as a guide to classification. It

is not necessary to criticize his conclusions in this place,

except in so far as they concern the genus Tragosia. He

did not, of course, know that Tragosia infundibuliformis

contains trichodragmata, or he must have realized that his

new genus Awvidragma was not required.

The diagnosis of Awidragma may be quoted in full; it

runs as follows :—‘‘ Axinellide typically of thin lamellar

habit, stipitate, with even surface. Skeleton composed of

primary lines of stylote megascleres, traversing the sponge

in the direction of its growth, and of secondary lines (con-

necting-fibres ?) formed of oxea ; there is no special dermal

skeleton. The megascleres are of the two forms mentioned,

which are quite distinct in kind. The microscleres are tri-

chodragmata accompanied or not by single trichites.” This

genus is proposed for Topsent’s Awinella padina [1896],

from the Gulf of Lyons, a species which is shown by the

discovery of trichodragmata in Tragosia infundibuliformis

to be closely related to, if not identical with, the latter.

It is quite clear that Hallmann’s genus Aaidragma

should be abandoned in favour of Tragosia. The synonymy

of the other Axinelline genera with trichodragmata is too

difficult and complex a problem to be discussed in this place,

but the study of these forms will probably be found to

afford strong support to the view that the “ Axinellide ”’

are merely a heterogeneous assemblage of lipochelous Des-

macidonide [e¢f. Dendy, 19214, B].

List or LirERATURE REFERRED TO.

1866. Been J. 8. A Monograph of the British Spongiads,

vol. ii.

. A Monograph of the British Spongiads, vol. iii.

1876. Canter, H. J. “ Descriptions and Figures of Deep-sea Sponges

and their Spicules from the Atlantic Ocean, &e.” (Ann: &

Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii.)

1877. ——. “ Arctic and Antarctic Sponges, &c.” (Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 4, vol. xx.)

1916. Denpy, A. “Some Factors of Evolution in Sponges.” (Journ.

QQuekett Microscopical Club, vol. xiii.)

“The Tetraxonid Sponge-Spicule: a Study in Evolu-

tion.” (Acta Zoologica, vol. ii.)

“ Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H.M.S.

‘Sealark’ in the Indian Ocean.” (Trans. Linn. Soe., Zool.

vol. xviii, pt. 1.)

1828, FieminG, J. A History of British Animals.

1867, Gray, J. E. “Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the

Descriptions of some new Genera.” (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867.)

1921 B.

174 Mr. G. Blaine on Three new

1916-1917. Hatumann, BE. F. “A Revision of the Genera with

Microscleres included, or provisionally included, in the Family

Axinellide, &c.” (Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales,

vol. xli.)

1894. Hanirscu, R. “ Revision of the Generic Nomenclature and

Classification in Bowerbank’s ‘British Spongiade.’” (Proce.

Liverpool Biol. Soe. vol. viii.)

1842. Jounston, G. History of British Sponges and Lithophytes.

1870. Scumrpt, O. Grundziige einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen

Gebietes.

1896. Torsent, E. “ Matériaux pour servir A l’Etude de la Faune des

Spongiaires de France.” (Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, t. 9.)

1887. Vosmarr, G. C. J. “ Porifera.” (Bronn’s ‘ Klassen und Ord-

nungen des Thierreichs,’ vol. ii.)

XV.—Three new Races of Cephalophus mouticola.

By Ginspert BLAINE.

Cephalophus monticola ludlami, subsp. n.

A duiker of the monticola group from the Kafue River,

N.W. Rhodesia, of which seven flat headless skins and two

skulls have receutly been added to the B.M. Collection.

They all come from the same locality, viz., the junction

of the Lunga with the Kafue River, N.W. of the Victoria

Falls, and are thus far removed from their eastern and

southern relatives, nyase and monticola. ‘The skins are

very alike in general character, though some are rather more

rufous than others.

The two skulls, from which the frontals are missing, are

those of females. The largest of the two is the size of the

type-specimen of dugens, Thos., although not yet fully

mature. This duiker may therefore be considered a large

representative of the group.

Description—Skin. Texture of hair hard and shining like

lugens. Colour: neck and shoulders mouse-grey, paler

below. Dorsal surface umber-brown, darkening towards the

rump to dark sepia on either side of the tail. Flanks pale

greyish rufous, changing to bright rufous on the hams, and

sharply contrasting with the sepia at the rump. Throat

and underline of body dusky white. Legs bright rufous.

Tail dark sepia above, white beneath.

The flat skin gives the general impression of being lighter

and greyer in front, and darker and redder behind.

Skull. Breadth 63 mm.; occiput to nasals 83; upper

tooth-row 31.

Races of Cephalophus monticola. 175

Hab. Junction of Lunga with Kafue River, N.W.

Rhodesia.

Type. Female skin and skull imperf., B.M. no. 21.11.15.1,

presented by G. S. Ludham, Esq.

A skin in the collection from N.W. Rhodesia, presented

by Mr. R. L. Scott, is almost identical with this series, but

is a little darker on the fore parts. The forehead of this

specimen is dark umber-brown with rufous superciliary

streaks.

Cephalophus monticola ruddi, subsp. n.

Resembles nyase, except that the head is greyer, with less

distinctly rufous superciliary streaks ; the central dorsal

surface is a deeper brown, with a more abrupt change to

rufous on the flanks; the fetlocks on all four legs are

greyish brown, being rufous in nyase.

Description.—Skin. Nose, forehead, neck, and central

dorsal surface to neck liver-brown, becoming darker at root

of tail. Superciliary streak and checks greyish rufous ;

chin white; throat and underside of neck pale rufous ;

flanks and legs rich rufous; belly and inside of thighs

ochreish white; fetlocks to hoofs greyish brown ; tail dark

liver-brown above, white beneath.

Skull. Length 127 mm.; breadth 57 ; tooth-row 36.

Hab. Sibedeni, N.W. Eshowe, Zululand.

Type. Adult female skin and skull, B.M. no. 4.5.1.81,

presented by C. D. Rudd and collected by C. H. B. Grant.

This local race in colour resembles most nearly nyase,

but is smaller. It differs from monticola in its darker and

redder coloration.

In the Rudd Exploration Collection are three skins from

the Gorongoza Mountains in Portuguese Kast Africa, which

appear identical with the typical monticola of the Cape in

being without rufous on the flanks, greyer on the under-

parts, and a duller rufous on the legs.

Thus a form indistinguishable from typical monticola is

found intervening between the Zululand and the Nyasaland

forms.

Cephalophus monticola fuscicolor, subsp. n.

A dark form from the Melsetter district, S. Rhodesia, in

which the rufous tint characteristic of the monticola group

is almost completely suppressed.

Description.—Skin. Upper parts uniform slaty brown,

slightly darker on head, rump, and tail ; fore legs the same

176 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on some

colour as the body, tinged with dull rufous only on the

forearm above the knees ; hind legs similar, but with rufous

tinge on back of legs above hocks and between the hocks

and fetlocks ; superciliary streaks and sides of face pale

greyish brown ; underparts pale greyish brown ; throat and

inside thighs white.

Hab. Chirinda Forest, Melsetter, Rhodesia.

Type. Adult female skin, B.M. no. 8.7.19.36. Collected

by C. P. M. Surgmerton, Esq.

The writer considers these characters of slight variations

of colour and size to be of local and family value only,

always likely to arise where animals by environment

and habit are confined in widely-separated patches of

country. Such as these little forest duikers probably never

move more than a few miles from their birth-place, and

keep within the limits of restricted and isolated belts or

patches of dense bush or forest, where conditions are scarcely

affected by change of season, and the plants on which they

live are always present in abundance.

These conditions would encourage in-and-in breeding, pro-

ducing an infinite variety of races in which small changes

of size and colour would tend to become fixed characters. |

Possibly in the great forest-tracts of Central Africa a

greater individual variation would be apparent, but south of

that region there are no great areas of forest, but only

isolated belts and patches occurring here and there along

the courses of rivers, or in mountain-ranges, or on the coast,

at wide intervals, each possessing a local race stamped with

its individual trait.

XVI.—On some new and rare British Diplopods.

By Ricuarp 8. BAGNALL, F.R.S.E., F.L.S.

Iv is desirable to make the following records, Leptoiulus

belgicus and Mastigonodesmus boncit being additions to the

British fauna, whilst Zsobates sp. would seem to indicate,

from observations in the field, a new species.

I regret that, living in hotels, away from my literature,

specimens, and appliances, it is impossible to make any useful

descriptions or remarks.

Leptotulus belgicus (Latz.).

A graceful Julid, with a single white dorsal line and pale

iil

new and rare British Diplopods. 177

underside, described by Latzel in 1884.in an appendix to

Preudhomme de Borre’s “* Note sur les Julides de la Belgique ”

(‘ Comptes Rendus dela Société Entomologique de Belgique’).

Latzel figures the male organs.

I first discovered this species in a limited area in tlhe

grounds below Lincolme Drive, Torquay, October 1918,

where it occurred in moderate numbers in dampish vegetable

detritus chiefly consisting of dead bracken and coniferous

needles. Only two males were secured, but, a month later,

my friend Mr. J. Williams Vaughan collected me a further

supply, which included a larger proportion of males.

-First British record.

Cylindroiulus nitidus (Verh.).

Other than some of the original Staffordshire specimens,

which my good friend Mr. 8. G. Biade-Birks was good

enough to send me, I have not seen male examples, and the

following records refer to the female sex only.

STAFFORDSHIRE, Charnet Valley, near Froghail, and

Lincotnsuire, Marlaxton, August 1918 (J. C. Varty-

Smith).

Tsobates sp.

In the spring of this year I collected large numbers of a

species very like Jsobutes varicornis, but lighter in colour,

noticeably more slender and very much move rapid in its

movements, being the most active Protoiulid I have observed.

It is of a pale yellowish-brown colour, with large black

lateral spots. Ouly one male, which awaits examination,

was secured.

Kent, Leeds Castle, under elder-bark, 29. i. 21; and

Herts, near Welwyn, under beech-bark, 1. iv. 21.

Mastigonodesmus bone, Brélemann.

Whilst going through some tubes of MJacrosternodesmus, I

picked out a broken example which could be separated as

apparently different by the naked eye. Thinking it might

be asmall example of Ophiodesmus, I examined 1t closely,

and found that it agreed in every particular with specimens of

the above species kindly presented to me by Brolemann,

Unfortunately the single specimen was only a female, but,

after comparison with specimens of J. boncit, I have uo

hesitation whatever in referring it to that species.

DuruHaM, Gibside, with AZ. palicola,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9, Vol. ix. j

178 Messrs. O. Thomas and M. A. C. Hinton on the

XVIL—The Mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest Expedition.

By Ouprietp Tuomas, F.R.S., and Marrin A. C.

HINTON.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

‘Tne 1921 Expedition to Mount Everest, under the auspices

of the Royal Geographical Society and the Alpine Club, was

intended to make a reconnaissance of the mountain, and try

to find a route by which, another year, an attempt might be

made to ascend the summit. Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston was

appointed naturalist to the Expedition, but, as his duties

included both the medical care of the climbers and the collec-

tion of all classes of zoological and botanical objects, he was

naturally not able to devote any very large portion of his

time to mammals. Those that he was able to get, however,

have been of very great interest to us, and are the first series

of mammals that have ever been received by the Museum

from any such heights as 16,000'-17,000’.

In all they number fifty-two specimens, belonging to ten

species, of which we have described two species and one

subspecies as new. In addition, six other species were seen

at high altitudes by Mr. Wollaston, but it was not possible to

obtain specimens. Mr. Wollaston’s notes upon these forms

are incorporated below.

Of the novelties, the most striking is the new Pika, which

we have named after Mr. Wollaston, and which he found up

to so great a height as 20,000’. It is distinguished by not

acquiring a fulvous mantle in the late summer, as is done by

its nearest ally Ochotona roylei, the best-known Pika of the

Himalayas.

When further expeditions go for the conquest of Mount

Everest, we would urge whoever is interested in natural

history to pay especial regard to the following points con-

nected with the mammals of that mighty mountain, so as to

supplement Mr. Wollaston’s observations.

Pikas.—How soon are any Pikas met’ with on the ascent,

and what is the highest point to which they attain?

Specimens of Pikas from all altitudes should be secured, with

the view of finding out if intermediate forms between royle

and wollastont occur at intermediate elevations. And sets

should be obtained at dates as widely separated as possible,

so as to show the very peculiar seasonal changes of pelage

to which these animals are liable, and on which their syste-

matic classification largely depends.

Mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest Hxpedition. 179

Voles.—This group of rodents is likely to produce quite

a number of further interesting forms, from all elevations.

They are commonly found in highland meadows, and wherever

mouse-holes are seen traps should be set—or, better still,

possible, attempts should be made to dig some out. The

object of this is that as many specimens as possible should be

obtained with unbroken skulls, as the series of this yeai’s

collecting has been very unfortunate in the extent to which

the skulls have been broken by the traps. No effort shoul

be spared to avoid breaking the skulls of any specimens

captured, while any dried-up derclict careases that might be

found should always be brought, as these would probably

possess unbroken skulls. ‘his note applies equally to all

other forms of mammalian life.

As voles are difficult animals to induce to enter traps, it

may be noted that for them bulbs of all sorts, including

onions, are commonly a very attractive bait.

Mav mots.—Owing to an unlucky accident, Mr. Wollaston

did not obain any adult marmots, and these are likely to be of

decided interest. Assertions have been made as to a differ-

ence between the marmots of the northern and southern slopes ;

but no specimens suitable for testing the question are as yet

available. Quite a number of skins from all localities and

altitudes would be acceptable.

Rats.—Rats or rat-like rodents are stated to have been

seen at the very highest elevations, and to have come into

the tents to steal food. Unfortunately none were captured,

and it is certain that examples of whatever animal this was

would be of the greatest interest. It may possibly have

been some form of mountain-vole, but is, in any case, nearly

certain to be new to science.

We would add that, while the attention of a mountain

expedition is naturally fixed on the higher altitudes, our

knowledge of the animals of the lower levels is very far

from complete, so that specimens from all places at all levels,

whether near Darjiling » in the Chumbi Valley, or on the

elevated plains of ‘libet, whether rats and mice, moles, shrews,

bats, hares, weasels, or any other mammals, are all of the

utmost interest to scientific workers, and are likely to include

many forms new to our present list of Himalayan mammals.

Finally, we may note that the 1921 Expedition has just

not surpassed in its collection of mammals the altitude (17,900/)

recorded for a Peruvian mouse by Thomas in 1900, Ald we

shall look to future expeditions to repair this omission.

Wollaston’s Pika was seen and handled at 20,000’, but no

specimens from that altitude were brought home.

12#

180 Messrs. O. Thomas and M. A. C. Hinton on the

[ Wolf (Canis laniger, Hodgs.).

“Seen at 19,000’. Tracks in snow above 21,000'.°—

A. F. RB. W.]

[Fox (probably Vulpes montana, Pearson).

“ Seen at 18,500'."—A. F&F. R. W.]

1. Mustela temon, Hodgs.

. 40. Sunja La, 15,200’, 29th Aug., 1921.

. 42. Kharta;"Tibet, 12,000’, Ist Sept., 1921.

+0 Oy

2. Mustela longstafi, Wrought.

9. 24 (young). ‘Tingri, Tibet, 14,000’, Sth July, 1921.

3. Marmota himalayana, Hodgs,

3. 32 (young). Thung La, Tibet, 16,000’, 14th July.

Mr. Wollaston had the misfortune to have two fine adult

marmot skins, with their skulls, stolen from his tent by

prowling dogs, so that this young specimen is the only one

brought home.

Himalayan marmots, especially those of the southern side

of the dividing-line, are peculiar desiderata, as there has been

great confusion in regard to their determination, owing to

the majority of the available specimens having been kept in

confinement. Blanford believed that those of the Tibetan

side were different from those of Nepal, while Wroughton

las placed them all under one heading.

4. Cricetulus aliicola tibetanus, subsp. n.

&. 30. Tingri, Tibet, 14,000’, 7th July.

Distinguished from the typical subspecies by its longer tail

and larger feet.

Size about as in alticola, but tail and hind feet longer,

their measurements being 37 and 17 mm. respectively,

instead of about 31 and 15°5. Tail with narrow median

dusky streak along upper surface, instead of being wholly

white. Colour and other characters as in true aléicola.

Dimensions of type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 103 mm.; tail 37; hind foot 17;

ear 15.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 23°8 ; occipito-nasal length

Mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest Expedition. 181

26°5; nasals 10°7 x3; interorbital breadth 4°43; breadth of

brain-case 11°7 ; palatal foramina 5°2x1:6; dental length

12-6; cheek-teeth (crowns) 4°1.

Hab. Tibet. Only known from Tingri, 14,000’.

Type. Adult male. Original number 30. Collected by

Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston, July 7, 1921.

Thomas described C. alticola from Shushal on the Pang-

Kong Lake, Ladak, where it is found at an altitude of

13,500’; and it also occurs in the valley of the Upper Sutlej

at Teza.

5. Phaiomys leucurus, Blyth.

1863. Phaiomys leucurus, Blyth, J. A. S. B, xxxii. p. 89.

1879. Arvicola blythi, Blanford, Sci. Res. Second Yarkand Miss.,

Mammals, p. 89 | Mzerotus (Phaiomys) blythi of subsequent writers }.

6.1. Tinki Dzong, Tibet, 13,500’, 17th June.

S. 3, 10, 12, 20, 23, 27, 28, 29, & 31 in adult pelage, and

4,5, 6, 7,8, & 9 juv.; 2. 2,11 both adult. Tingri, Tibet,

14,000’, 25th June to 10th July.

Blyth based his genus Phaiomys upon the present species.

Blanford regarded Phatomys as a synonym of “ Arvicola”

(=Microtus in current nomenclature), while subsequent

writers have given it no more than subgeneric rank. In the

genus Arvicola the specific name “ lewcurus” is preoccupied

by A. leucurus, Gerbe, 1852 ; and therefore Blanford substi-

tuted the name “ dblythi” for that originally bestowed upon

the present species by Blyth. But, in our opinion, Phaiomys

is entitled to full generie rank ; and, if this be the case, the

specific name /eucurus, given to the genotype by Blyth, is

valid and must be restored.

Phaiomys, though still imperfectly known, is one of the

most interesting microtine genera. By the peculiar combina-

tion presented by its external, dental, and eranial characters

it is sharply distinguished from all its allies—although, taken

singly, each of its characters can be found in other groups.

Thus, as regards externals, the curious lemming-like form of

these voles and their lengthened fore-claws can be matched

among that little group of Central-Asiatie species of which

M. brandti is a good example ; the latter, nowever, iJiffers

widelyin skull and teeth from the present genus. 1n certain,

though not in all, respects, the cranial and dental characters

of Phaiomys, as here understood, find their match in the

North-American Pedomys and in the Eurasian Arvicola,

genera of wholly dissimilar external appearance. Although

detailed discussion of this interesting matter must be reserved

182 Messrs. O. Thomas and M, A. C. Hinton on the

for another place, it may be mentioned that the features

common to the three genera just named suggest, for each of

them, descent—in directions more or less divergent—from

the remarkable late Pliocene Kuropean genus Jdimomys ;

and no character-in any one of the other three living genera

seems to be incompatible with such a view of their origin.

Voles of the genus Phaiomys are confined to the highlands

of Central Asia, where they are widely distributed, occurring

always at high altitudes and most frequently in close associa-

tion with the banks of streams. ‘The species show two well-

marked types of coloration—some, like P. lewcurus, being

pallid and sandy, others, like P. waltoni, darker and greyer.

With regard to the material collected by the Expedition,

we are, at present, unable to find any reliable character which

will serve to distinguish the specimens from Tinki Dzong

and Tingri from 2. leucurus, which was originally described

from the mountains above 'T'so-Moriri, Ladak. It is, how-

ever, quite possible that the Tibetan animal will prove to be

distinet from true lewewrus. The series from Tingri, long as

it is, is insufficient for the purpose, owing to the fact that so

many of the skulls collected have been smashed by the traps.

It may be recorded that the mammary formula in the two

females is 2—2=8, and that the pelage of the young

approaches that of the adults of the next species in colour,

being far darker and less sandy than in adult leucurus.

“ Hound in colonies in sand.”—A. I’. 2. W.

6. Phaiomys everesti, sp. n.

gd. 61; 9. 49. East Everest, 17,000’, 9th and 18th

September,

A “‘orey” species, closely related to P. wal/on?, but con-

siderably smaller.

Size small (hind foot to 18, condylo-basal length not much

exceeding 27 mm.).

External characters and colour as in P. waltoni, but tail

light above and below, instead of being more or less

bicolored ; upper parts of a rather dark earthy grey, very

different from the sandy tints of P, leucurus. Mamme

2—2=8

Skull and teeth essentially as in other species of the

genus, Skull rather lightly and delicately built with small

flattened bulle ; the latter rather smaller than in waltoni,

and differing conspicuously from the large and inflated bullee

of leucurus.

Mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest Eepedition, 183

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 101 mm.; tail 30; hind foot (without

claws) 18; ear 11.

Skull: condylo-basal length 26°8; interorbital constriction

3°9; breadth of brain-case 12°1; occipital breadth 12:4;

occipital height (median) 6°6 ; least distance across temporal

ridges, (a) at interparietal 7°3, (0) in interorbital region 0°3 ;

nasals 6°6 x 3°2 ; dental length 16°9 ; molars (at grinding-

surface) 6°3.

Hab, East Everest, at high altitudes (17,000’).

Type. Adult male. Original number 61. Collected

Sept. 18, 1921, by Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston.

In fully adult or old skulls of this genus the temporal

ridges fuse anteriorly to form a sharp but low median inter-

orbital crest ; and those portions of the brain-case which are

under the influence of the temporal muscles suffer a trans-

formation in the passage from youth to age exactly similar

to what occurs in the Orkney voles*. In the skull of the

type of everesti the temporal ridges are nearly fused, and

the specimen has attained a stage of development which

in P. leucurus is only reached when the condylo-basal length

has risen to about 29 mm. The skulls of the types of

P. waltoni (Lhasa, Tibet) and w. petulans (Upper Sutle]

Valley) are the only specimens of those forms sufficiently

perfect to be used for comparison; in that of walton?t the

condylo-basal length is 27°5, while in w. petulans it is

264mm. In both skulls the temporal ridges are still very

feeble and widely separated (by 1°5 and 1 mm. respectively),

so that these specimens, in a craniological sense, are still far

from being adult. One may conclude from these facts that

P. waltont attains a considerably greater size than that

attained by everest’, and that in this respect ww. petulans is

intermediate.

‘Tn colonies on turf-slopes.”—A. F. R. W.

7. Microtus (Alticola) sp.

3. 55 juv. East Everest, 17,300’, 13th September.

Too young for precise determination.

[Hare (probably Lepus otostolus, Hodgs.).

“Common at 14,000’-15,000' in dry country. One seen

at 18,500! N.E. of Everest.”—A. Ff. R. W.]

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8) xii. p. 452.

184 Messrs. O. Thomas and M. A. C. Hinton on the

8. Ochotona roylei nepalensis, odgs.

?. 38, 39. Kama Valley, 12,000’-13,000', 24th August.

On laying out all the available Himalayan specimens of

this group—some sixty in number,—from localities ranging

from Kashmir on the west through Kumaon to Nepal, we

have come to the conclusion that three subspecies may be

recognized of O. roylet. Its type-form would be that. of

Kum aon, where Strachey obtained specimens exactly matching

Ogilby’s type from the “ Choor Mountains” (presumably

Chaur Peak, near Simla). Anda synonym of it would be

O. hodgsoni, Blyth, two of. whose three originally mentioned

localities are in the range of O. roylet royler.

Then on the west the somewhat greyer, but not materially

different O. wardi of Kashmir and Hazara should be termed

O. roylet wardi, while eastwards in Nepal Hodgson’s nepal-

ensis, in turn darker than royle?, would be a third subspecies,

found in a more saturate region, ‘The relation to these three

of O. +. chinensis, Thos., described from still further east at

Ta-chien-Lu, we are at present unable to be certain about,

owing to the absence of specimens showing the seasonal

phases. The type of that form was kijled in May, so that

there is no evidence as to whether or no it takes on a rufous

mantle in the later summer.

“Only seen at the altitudes above recorded. Found in

wet valleys.’—A. #7. BR. W.

9. Ochotona wollaston?, sp. n.

. 34; 2. 35. Puse La, 16,500’, 28th July.

. 36. E. Mt. Everest, 17,500’, 6th August.

. 41. Kama Valley, 15,800’, 29th August.

= 05050305

September, 23rd August.

d. D1, 52, 53; 9. 50, 54, 59, 60. H. Everest, 17,000’,

17,500’, 9thi—L6th September.

A grey Pika of the size of O. reylei, without contrasted

rufous at any season.

Size about as in OV. roylei, of which the subspecies nepal-

ensis was also obtained by the Expedition. General colour

above light grey with a slight drabby tinge, the tips of the

hairs blackened. No conspicuous seasonal changes, the new

suminer fur coming up of practically the same colour as the

warm winter fur. Head and shoulders without strong

rufous, the species contrasting in this respect with all the

subspecies of reyle?, in which these parts turn a more or less

48; 9.37. Kharta Valley, 14,500’, 15,000’, 6th

eae a Ss) ee

Pe —

Bete e at

Mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest Expedition. 185

brilliant red by August. Under surface the usual mixed

greyish colour, the bases of the hairs blackish slaty, their tips

whitish, Middle area of face more or less fulvous, succeeded

behind on the crown by grey, about like that of the back, but

when in worn pelage this part often looks nearly black. Sides

of face grey. ars large, their hairs white internally, blackish

externally, a narrow line along the edge white. A large

area behind each ear greyish white, sometimes with a buffy

suffusion, extending up more or less on to the nape, and so

forming a prominent greyish collar. <A little buffy com-

monly present, running along the boundary between the

upper and lower colours from the muzzle to the level of the

elbows. Rump grey like the rest of the back, not of a

warmer tone as it generally is in royle?. Anal area incon-

spicuously white. Hands and feet greyish white without

tendency to buffy, a little darker grey on the middle of the

metapodials.

Skull essentially as in roylez. Frontals in all the specimens

fenestrated, but this is a variable character in other species.

Bullz as in roylei, not as in macrotis. —*

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 184 mm. ;: hind foot 30 ; ear 36.

Skull: greatest length 45; condylo-incisive length 41:5;

zygomatic breadth 22°5; nasals 16x5°5; _ interorbital

breadth 5°5 ; breadth across brain-case above meatus 18°5 ;

palatal foramina 13°3 ; width of palatal bridge 1:5; antero-

posterior length of bulla 10. Upper tooth-series (alveoli) 8°2.

Hab. Mt. Everest, at altitudes from 14,500’ to 20,100’.

Type from 17,500’.

Type. Adult female, Original number 54. Collected

12th September, 1921. Thirteen specimens.

This species, while no doubt by its general characters and

size of skull nearly allied to O. roylez, is yet clearly distinct

by the complete absence of the brilliantly contrasted rufous

mantle on the head and fore-quarters which comes on in that

species during the late summer. And even in the early

summer, before the rufous has begun to appear, O. roylet

has a warmer tone on the rump than on the middle back,

which is not the case here, and the feet have always

some tone of yellowish or brownish as compared with the

white feet of O. wollastont. It is, however, possible that

forms connecting it with roylei on the west, or chinensis on

the east, will yet be found, in which case a trinomial will

have to be used for it.

This Pika, on whose discovery Mr. Wollaston is to be

congratulated, appears to be the mammal which hag its

186 On Mammals from Mount [verest.

habitual home at the highest altitude of any in the world.

Although he did not bring any specimens from higher than

17 500", Mr. Wollaston killed some at 20,100'—a_ height

probably only rarely surpassed by wandering wolves, or,

perhaps, Pantholops,—but as a habitual home this is probably

the highest in existence.

Incidentally we may note that a mouse (Phyllotis sublimis)

was described by Thomas in 1900 from an altitude of 17,900!

in Peru.

It will be of interest, on the one hand, actually to have

specimens from 20,000’, and, on the other, to find out how low

it ranges, and whether it inter grades at all with the Nepalese

form of O. royler, which was obtained by the Hxpedition at

12,000’-13,000’ in the Kama Valley.

“ We found this Pika from 14,500! to the snow-line; the

highest seen were at 20,100', only i in mountainous and tae ky

country.’—A. FR. W,

10. Ochotona curzonie, Hodes.

G. 14,16, 21; 9. 15, 1%, 18, 19, 225925. 25.) alien

Tibet, 14,000’, 2nd-7th July,

As very few examples of this Pika were in the Museum

collection, the present series forms a valuable addition to the

material for the study of the group. The majority of the

specimens are in changing pelage, and three of them are

young.

“Between 14,000! and 15,000" on dry plains, where they

burrow in soft ground.”—A, F. R. W.

[Chiru (Pantholops hodysoni, Abel).

“ Horns seen in possession of natives, supposed to have

come from about 20 miles north of Tingri Dzong.”—

A. F. R. W.]

11. Procapra picticuudata, Hodgs.

go. Skull and mask. Near Kamba Dzong, at about

16,000’. Presented to British Museum by Lt.-Col. C. Howard

Bury.

“On plains at 15,000’. Kamba Dzong.”—A. F. R. W.

[ Burrhel (Pseudois nayaur, Hodgs.).

“16,000! and above. ‘Tracks and droppings found at

20,000’. Kamba Dzong.” —A. F. h. W.]

On some new Forms of Ochotona. ]

XVIUL—On some new Forms of Ochotona.

By Ouprietp THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WHILE working out the Pikas obtained by Dr. Wollaston on

Mt. Everest, the following new forms of the genus have been

noted, and may be now described.

hese animals are. of unusual difficulty owing to their

great and almost continuous changes of pelage, so that for a

satisfactory knowledge of any species, even from a single

locality, quite a number of specimens are needed—ranging in

date at least from May to September, during which period

most of the seasonal change takes place. Once in the winter

pelage, no further change occurs until the following May.

Ochotona nubrica, sp. n.

A small species of the roylei group.

General colour of the specimens available about as in early

summer specimens of O. roylet wardi, or rather paler grey.

Fur not very long, hats of back in a summer skin ont

12-13 mm. in length. Face, nape, and shoulders grey, with

a slight fulvous tinge; hind’ Backeleanen grey, the rump

Bet more drabby. No evidence that a rufous mantle is

acquired in the late summer, as it is in royled. Under surface,

as usual, with the hairs dark slaty at base, whitish terminally.

Har- -patehes dull buffy whitish, not very large or conspicuous.

Area below ears buffy. Ears of moderate size, blackish

behind, with white edges.

Skull decidedly smaller than that of O. ward7, and narrower

in proportion, the breadth across the brain-case much css

than in roylet or its Kashmir representative wardi, and still

more so than in macrotis. Palatal foramina very widely

expanded in their posterior half, much more so than in the

other species. Bulle small and looking narrow, owing to

their being apparently more vertically placed, like a dise

nearly on edge.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 184 mm.; hind foot 33; ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 42 ; condy lo-incisive length 39;

zygomatic breadth 19° 5: ; nasals 14°3 x4: 7; interorbital breacath

4°2 ; breadth across brain-case 15:4. ; palatal foramina 10°5 Xx

4°6 ; - palatal bridge 2°4 ; antero- -posterior length of bulla 10.

Hab. Ladak, along the Nubra Valley, down to the P ang-

Kong Lake. Type from Tugeur, Nubra Valley, alt. 10,000’.

188 | Mr. O. Thomas on

Other specimens collected by C. A. Crump for Col. A. E.

Ward from Thirit on the Nubra and Shushal on the Lake.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 7.9.6.17. Original num-

ber 10. Collected 24th June, 1907, and presented by

H. Holmes-Tarn, Esq.

This little species was taken for Blanford’s Lagomys aurttus

by Bonhote, for the very natural reason that the type-locality

of that animal was just where it oceurred—on the Pang- Kong

Lake. But closer study shows that its skull is smaller and

much narrower than that of O. macrotis, of which I believe

auritus to be a synonym, and that its palatal foramina are of

different shape, so that it is evidently a distinct species.

Specimens of this species are marked by both Holmes-Tarn

and Crump as occurring in thick jungle or scrub, and there

may be a difference in the local habitation of the larger

species found in the same region. .

Ochotona royle baltina, subsp. n.

A pale grey subspecies, replacing to the north-west of

Ladak the Kashmir O. 7. wardi.

Size and essential characters as in true royle’, a fulvous

mantle on head and fore back no doubt present in the late

summer. General colour of back very pale grey, nearest to

“pale drab-grey” of Ridgway. Crown with indications of a

fulvous mantle coming later. Nape with the buffy-whitish

patches well marked.

Other characters and skull as in O. r. warde.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 180 nm. ; hind foot 32; ear 27.

Skull: upper length 44; condylo-incisive length 40;

zygomatic breadth 21 ; interorbital breadth 5; breadth of

brain-case 17°5 ; leneth of bulla 9°8 ; upper tooth-row 8.

Hab. Baltistan, N.W. of Ladak. ‘Type from Nurh, on

the Indus, just east of Skardo, 13,000’. Another specimen

from: Tashgam, 9500’ (C. A. Crump).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 8.7.6. 129. Original num-

ber 27. Collected 11th June, 1905, by Pearl and presented

by Col. A. EK. Ward.

Essentially similar to the Kashmir 0. . wardz, but distin-

guished by the greater paleness of its general grey colour,

which is about as in O. macrotis.

I have had some doubt as to whether this might be

Blanford’s “ Lagomys auritus,’ whose type-loeality was on

the Pang-Kong Lake, but all details of his excellent figures

of the skull, notably the breadth across the brain-case, agree

some new Forms of Ochotona. 189

better with O. macrot/s than with the present form, And

Blanford seems himself to have at first taken for auritus a

specimen which he afterwards found to have eome from the

type-locality of Giinther’s species. As a consequence, auritus

should be considered as a synonym of macrotis, which is

certainly found in the part of Ladak immediately north of

the Pang-Kong Lake.

Ochotona curzonie setana, subsp. n

A representative of ewrzonie in Seistan.

General characters very like those of true curzonte. General

body-colour rather greyer, practically without any brownish

suffusion. Under surface washed with pale buffy. Tip of

muzzle and of chin black, as in melanostoma, this being little

perceptible in curzonte. Light area behind ears smaller and

less conspicuous than in either curzonic or melanostoma,

Skull in most respects quite like that of ewrzoniw, but the

supraorbital ridges, as in melanostoma, are less developed,

hardly perceptible as ridges, and not overhanging the orbit.

Incisors slightly more proodont than in either of the allied

forms, but with the same strongly projecting inner flange, in

this respect contrasting with rufescens, which is also far less

proodont than any of the present group.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen

before skinning) :—

Head and body 152 mm.; hind foot 29; ear 19.

Skull: median length 41; condylo-incisive length 38°7 ;

zygomatic breadth 21 ; eee 12°7 ; interorbital breadth Al;

breadth across brain-case 15°8 ; palatal foramina 11°5 ; an.

tero-posterior length of bulla 10°6 ; upper tooth-series 8,

Hab. Seistan.

Type. Adult female, skinned out of spirit on arrival.

B.M. no. 6. 1.2.12. Indian Museum no. 7983. Collected

by the Seistan Boundary Commission of 1905. Presented by

ie Indian Museum, Calcutta.

The peculiarity of the occurrence of a species so like

O. curzonie as this in Seistan was not appreciated at the time

of its arrival, owing to the ranges of the Indian Pikas not

being then at all worked out. Now we know that true

eurzoniee only occurs in Sikkim and Tibet, Tingri in the

latter country being its most western record. Its recurrence

far to the west in Seistan is therefore a notable instance of

discontinuous distribution.

From the species that oue would have expected in Seistan,

QO. rufescens, this Pika is readily distinguishable externally

190 Mr. O. Thomas on

by its black-backed ears and hidden digital pads, and cranially

by its much more proodont incisors.

Biichner’s O. melanostoma, from Kan-suand the Koko-Nor

regions of ‘Tibet, is another form very closely allied to

curzonie, and can, at most, only be recognized as a subspecies

of it.

Ochotona g/overi, sp. n.

A Pika allied to O. erythrotis, Biicln., but without a reddish

mantle in the summer pelage. Bulle smaller.

Size large, about as in O. erythrotis. General cclour of

body dark lined greyish, with black tips to the hairs. Nape

with obvious but not conspicuous post-aural drabby-white

patches, the specimen being in summer pelage. Under sur~

face soiled greyish, the hairs slaty at base, whitish terminally.

Sides and top of muzzle dull fulvous ; “cheeks grey, crown

darker grey. Ears, apart from the brownish margin of the

proectote, deep cinnamon, the metentote a little paler than

the proectote ; extreme edges, as usual, whitish. Hands and

feet above white, the brush below dull brown.

Skull as figured in erythretis, but the bulla not so large.

Palatal bridge apparently broader.

Dimensions of type :—

Head and body 204 mm.; hind foot 31.

Skull: upper length 46, condylo-incisive length 43;

zygomatic breadth 23°5; interorbital breadth 6°2; breadth

of brain-case 19 ; palatal bridge 2°8 ; prams | length

of bulla 10; upper tooth-row (alveol:) 9.

Hab. W. Sze-chwan. Type from Nagehuka, 10,000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13. 9. 13. 17. Collectors

number 213. Harvard number 7589. Collected 10th August,

1908, by W. R. Zappey.

This species was assigned by Mr. Glover Allen to Biichner’s

erythrotis, and it is undoul stedly nearly allied to that species.

But in August, if the same as erythrotis, it should have a

rufous or falvous mantle, and there is no trace of this in the

specimen. Its bulla are also smaller than those figured in

erythrotis.

“The value of these characters has been impressed on me by

iny recent studies of the genus, but it is not surprising that,

at a time when such a study was impossible for want of

material, Mr. Allen did not think them sufficient for distin-

euishing the species. In now doing so, 1 have much pleasure

in naming this striking red-eared Pika in his honour.

some new Forms of Ochotona. DS A

Ochotona sikimaria, sp. n.

A small Pika closely allied to O. thibetana*, but with

smaller bullae.

Size small, much smaller than in the other Himalayan

species, O. roylec, of which O. hodgsont is a synonym.

General colour in winter a quite uniform lined brown more or

less similar to that of a large water-vole or a Sigmodon, the

general tone ranging from “ Prout’s brown” to ‘ cinnamon-

brown.” In summer there isa slight indication of lighter

shoulder- or neck-patches, but the material is not sufficient

to indicate this satisfactorily. Under surface mixed brownish

and grey, very much as in thibetana. ars with proectote

and outer half of metentote black ; metectote with light-

coloured fluffy hairs ; inner half of metentote whitish ; ex-

treme edge of ear contrasted white. Hands and feet brownish ;

sole-tufts blackish brown.

Skull closely like that of thibetana, and consequently far

smaller than in roylet, The interorbital constriction is of

about the same breadth, but the brain-case averages a little

narrower, The chief difference, however, is in the bulls,

which are uniformly much smaller than in thibetana, being

barely over 8 mm. in antero-posterior length, as compared

with 9 or upwards in thzbetana, and they are also less inflated.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 165 mm. ; !:ind foot 28 ; ear 19.

Skull: upper length 36°2; condylo-basal length 34:5;

zygomatic breadth 16°6; nasals 11x4°6; interorbital

breadth 4°1; breadth at back of frontals 11°5; breadth of

brain-case 13°73; palatal foramina 9; palatal bridge 1:8;

autero-posterior length of bulla 84; upper molar series

(alveoli) 74.

Hab. Sikkim. Type from Lachen, 8,800! ; other speci-

mens from Chola Range, 12,000! (Blanford), Jongri (Blan-

jord), and Gnatong, 12,300! (Crump). One specimen from

B. H. Hodgson’s collection, no doubt obtained when he was

at Darjiling.

Type. Adult male. B.M, no. 15.9.1.231. Original num-

ber 6131. Collected 31st December, 1914, by C. A. Crump.

Presented by the Bombay Natural History Society.

‘This is evidently the common Pika of Sikkim, and has

been obtained there ever since Hlodgson’s time. But for one

* Although spelt tibetana in the ‘ Recherches,’ this name was published

as above in the orizinal description in the ‘Nouvelles Archives.’ The

same invalid change was made in the case of Macacus thibetanus.

192 On some new Forms of Ochotona.

reason or another it has been confused with QO. royle., and

never distinguished till now. Blanford’s specimens had

broken skulls, so that he was not able to see the great

difference in size between it and vroylet, while Bonhote

unaccountably referred it to hodgson7, a form undoubtedly

synonymous with voy/e’, as may be seen by the figure of the

skull given in the original description.

From roy/et it is not only distinguished by its much

smaller size, but by its brown instead of grey colour, and the

absence of any seasonal fulvous mantle.

But to OQ. thibetana it is far more nearly allied, and can

only be separated by the smaller bulle. Possibly it may

prove to be more properly a subspecies of thibetana, but I

should not be justified in assuming that intermediate speci-

mens occur without seeing material from the intermediate area

of Bhotan and South-western Tibet.

The thibetana group is widely distributed over Tibet and

China, and the present forms its furthest western extension.

Ochotona zappeyi, sp. 0.

Near O. thibetana, but with narrower skull and_ less

uniformly brown wee

Size about as in ¢hibetana, though the skull is longer.

General colour lined blackish grey, this colour covering ‘the,

greater part of the back. But the shoulders are washed with

drabby, and there are large post-aural drabby whitish patches

on each side of the nape. Crown washed with dull drabby.

Ears with the proectote black at base, grey distally, while in

stkimaria it is wholly black. Marginal part of inner surface

brown, inner part grey ; extreme edge white as usual.

Under surface greyish white, lighter and more sharply defined

than in thibetana, the chest, however, drabby brown as in

that animal. Hands and feet whitish instead of pale brown ;

sole-brushes blackish brown.

Skull longer and narrower than that of thibetana, with

very narrow interorbital region and brain-case. Rudimentary

postorbital processes well marked in the single specimen.

Bullee narrower and a little longer than in thibetana, much

larger than in sikimaria.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 170 mm.; hind foot 28.

Skull: greatest length 39. mm.; condylo-incisive length 36 ;

zygomatic breadth it: 8; nasals 1°33 x45 ; ‘interorbital

breadth 3° Te post-squamosal breadth 11°35; breadth of brain-

Mr. O. Thomas on Ferret-Badgers. 193

ease 14°35; palatine foramina 10 ; palatal bridge 2 ; antero-

posterior length of bulla 95 ; upper tooth-series (alveoli) 6°7.

Hab. W. Sze-chwan. Type from Shu-o-lo (Tschuwo),

Nia-nong, N.W. of Ta-chien-lu. Alt. 13,000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13. 9.13.16. Collector’s

number 246. Harvard number 7601. Collected 20th August,

1908, by W. R. Zappey. Received in exchange from the

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard.

The light nape-patches are no doubt less developed in

winter, but, as I have had for comparison an August specimen

of thibetana collected by Mr. Anderson, I have been able to

see that they are certainly more conspicuous in zappeyi than

they are in thibetana.

This species was named O. hodgsoni in Mr. Glover Allen’s

admirable paper on Sze-chwan mammals, he, like other

people, having been deceived by the confusion which has

surrounded the determination of these small Pikas, and espe

cially by the mistaken identification of the somewhat similar

Sikim species with O. hodgsont: by Bonhote. I have named

it after Mr. Zappey, who made the fine collection in which it

occurs.

XIX.—Some Notes on Ferret-Badgers.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

OwING to their extreme external resemblance to one another,

all the ferret-badgers have usually been considered as of one

genus, though sorted into groups according to the sizes of

their teeth. The differences in the teeth, however, are so

great that I consider that the large-toothed forms (Jelogale)

and the small-toothed forms (//elict’s) should be generically

distinguished, especially as the characters of the baculum

both confirm the division and indicate a reason for the sepa-

ration of a third genus for the N.-Bornean species Helictis

everetti. Merely going by the teeth, the position of this

species had been somewhat doubtful and a cause of hesitation

in the frank separation of the groups.

So far as appears, //. everett? would appear to be annectant

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 13

194 Mr. O. Thomas on Ferret- Badgers.

to the other two groups and more or less near some common

ancestor of theirs *.

The following synopsis gives a brief indication of the .

characters by which the three genera may be distinguished :—

A. Outer edge of p* distinctly convex. _

a. Teeth largeand heavy. P2 disproportionally

larger than p,. Baculum bifid, the ter-

minal prongs much thickened, and one of

them forming a curved crest........+... 1. Melogale.

Range. Mainland area from Nepal to Cochin China, and Java.

Genotype. Melogale personata, Geoff.

b. Teeth small. P, not disproportionally larger

than p,. Baculum bifid, but the prongs

simple, scarcely thickened, and not crested. 2. WNesictis, gen. nov.

Range. North Borneo.

Genotype. WN. everett (Helictis everettr, Thos.).

B. Outer edge of p' straight or faintly concave

mesially.

ce. Teeth small. P, not disproportionally larger

than p,. Baculum trifid, with three

slightly thickened terminal prongs set in a

UTTANONGH eeu hie ice cue eaeke Ge teeter Chased 3. Helictis.

Range. Assam, China from Canton to Shanghai, Hainan, Formosa.

Genotype. Helictis moschata, Gray.

Three new forms of the group appear to need description :—

Melogale personata laotum, subsp. n.

Size averaging a little less than in true personata of Pegu.

General colour slightly greyer, less brown, and with more

grey suffusion on the sides of the lower surface.

Teeth smaller, the molar especially smaller than in per-

sonata. In three specimens of personata the carnassial has

a greatest diameter of 10:3, 10:2, 9°3 mm., while in five of

laotum this dimension is 9°2, 9:0, 9:0, 9:0, 8°6. The differ-

ence is more marked in the molar, its greatest diameter in

personata 9:0, 8:9, 8°7, and in factum 82, 8:2, 8:1, 8-1, 7°7,

with its internal antero-posterior diameter 5°5, 5°d, 5°2, as

* A specimen of M. personata from Rangoon, which lived in the

Zoological Gardens, and has been kindly lent to me by Mr. Pocock,

presents the difficulty that its baculum is almost exactly like that of

Nesictis everett?. But the specimen is immature, with its bones and

teeth in poor condition, and the penis-bone itself not of the hard glossy

substance that is usual in well-grown bacula. I believe that this is a

case of arrested development due to confinement and immaturity, the

arrest having taken place at the same stage of growth as that shown in

the adult by the annectant and perhaps ancestral Nesictis.

Mr. O. Thomas on Ferret- Badgers. 195

compared with 4:6, 4°5, 4:5, 4:4, 4:2 in the new form, the

antero-internal flange of this tooth almost obsolete.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 3878 mm.; tail 161; hind foot 62;

ear 31.

Skull: greatest length 80; condylo-basal length 77-3 ;

zygomatic breadth 46; interorbital breadth 19°3; breadth

across cranial ridges 14; mastoid breadth 87; palatal

length 40; front of canine to back of m! 27°3.

Hab. North-eastern Siam ; type from Nan, alt. 200 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 1.11. 8.5. Original num-

ber 125. Collected 7th November, 1900, and presented by

Th. H. Lyle, Esq. Five specimens.

Judging from an imperfect specimen sent by Dr. Vassal,

this small-toothed form apparently passes down into Annam,

while in Camboja and Cochin China the genus is represented

by M. pierrei, Bonhote.

Another ferret-badger from Tonkin has still smaller

teeth :-—

Melogale tonquinia, sp. n.

Size doubtful, but the single immature skull is already

rather longer than in adult female WV. p. /aotum. General

colour brown rather than grey. White head-markings at a

maximum, the white nape-band expanded on the crown to

within half an inch of the pre-aural light stripe, which is

connected behind the eyes with the frontal patch. Dark

eye-rings narrow. LHars completely whitish, inside and out.

Light colour of cheeks, throat, chest, and inguinal region

strongly suffused with yellow—though this is probably an

individual peculiarity. Forearms and hind limbs brown,

hands and tips of toes white.

Teeth decidedly smaller than in other species, the greatest

diameter of p* only 8-0 mm., the transverse diameter of m' 6:7,

and the internal antero-posterior diameter of the latter only

3°8 mm. ; similarly, below the carnassial is only 7°6 x 3°7 mm.

Dimensions of type :—

Head and body 350 mm. ; hind foot 58.

Skull: greatest length 79. ‘Teeth as above.

Hab. Ton-kin. Type from Yen-bay, Song-koi River.

Type. Immature female. B.M. no, 12.4.21.4. Collected

12th September, 1911, by H. Orii. Purchased of Alan

Owston.

Although the coloration of this animal has a certain

13%

196 Mr. O. Thomas on the Systematic

amount of peculiarity, the real reason for its distinction lies

in the comparatively small size of the teeth, by which it is

distinguished from the other species of Melogale. ‘The teeth

of the type are unworn and quite perfect.

Flelictis subaurantiaca modesta, subsp. n.

Essential characters of true subaurantiaca, this species

differing from the continental H. moschata by its smaller

size. General colour as in the typical form, except that the

white head-markings are greatly reduced. The usual frontal

white patch between eyes almost obsolete, a few odd hairs

alone white. White of cheeks not rising up to eye, the

brown bar below the eye over 5 mm. in breadth. Broad

white band between eye and ear reduced to a narrow line,

between which and the ear there is a broad area of brown

continuous with the general brown of the upper surface.

Back of ears brown, the edges only white. Nape-line much

reduced, interrupted on the neck, and only reaching to the

withers.

Skull as in subaurantiaca.

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body 338 mm.; tail 148; hind foot 53.

Skull: median length 79°5; zygomatic breadth 45 5 inter-

orbital breadth 20; mastoid breadth 88; front of canine to

back of m! 24 ; combined length of p* and m! 10.

Hab. Mountains of Central formosa. ‘Type from Bankoro.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 8.4.1.53. Original num-

ber 70. Collected 30th Mareh, 1907, for Mr. A. Owston.

Purchased.

Distinguished from subaurantiaca in very much the same

way as true moschata is from ferreogrisea—that is, by the lesser

amount of the white head-markings. Both the latter are

larger than the Formosan forms.

XX.—On the Systematic Arrangement of the Marmosets.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue necessity for relabelling the Museum collection of

Marmosets has caused an examination into the question as

to how many genera of these animals should be recognized,

Arrangement of the Marmosets. 19%

their earlier division simply into two by the characters of the

teeth having been rejected by Elliot *, whose arrangement in

turn has been modified by Pocock fT.

Elliot recognizes five genera, as follows :—

Sentocebus, with type bicolor.

Cercopithecus, type midas.

Leontocebus (type chrysomelas), with two subgenera,

Tamarinus (type mystav), and Marikina (type

chrysomelas).

Gidipomidas, type wdipus.

Callithrix, type jacchus.

Pocock modifies this, largely on the characters of the ears

and feet, to the extent of rejecting Seniocebus, which he unites

under the name of Mystax with Cercopithecus and_ the

“ Tamarinus” subgenus of ‘ Leontocebus,” recognizing Leon-

tocebus as a full genus, and, of course, also recognizing Calli-

thriv, which he rightly, for the time being, calls Hapale.

His four genera are thus :—

Leontocebus, type chrysomelas.

Gidipomidas, type wdipus.

Mystax, type mystax.

Hapale, type jacchus.

But it appears to me that in this scheme there is no very

satisfactory place for the Sentocebus section (type bicolor),

for while the general appearance and short-haired or naked

face of its members show relationship to the short-eared

CGidipomidas, their ears are as long as in Mystax. To get

out of this difficulty I would suggest that we should recognize

Seniocebus, with which, besides the naked-faced bicolor,

martinsi, and meticulosus, we might place leucopus, with face

short-haired, though not talked:

It is noteworthy that all the groups, used here for con-

venience’ sake as genera, can be readily distinguished by the

coloration of the tail and limbs, in spite of the ‘wide variation

in the colours of the body and head. On this basis, and with

the difference in the presence or absence of ear-tufts, I would

* ‘Primates,’ i. pp. 179-238 (1912).

+ “The Genera of Hapalide,” Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (8) xx. p. 247

(1917).

198 Systematic Arrangement of the Marmosets.

even split the normal-sized species of Hapale into two groups,

largely on account of the two sharply differentiated forms of

coloration found in it, and would also distinguish the Pygmy

Marmoset as a special genus.

Thus, apart from Callimico, the whole may bo classified as

follows :—

A. Lower teeth normal, the canines much longer than

the incisors.

u, Fingers elongated. Tail (at least its upper side)

and forearms golden yellow. Skull dolicho-

cophalic.» Reeth Manse ome ci. cute ome ch sla 1. Leontocebus.

Species: chrysomelas (type), leoninus, rosalia.

b. Fingers normal, Skull more brachycephalic.

‘Teeth smaller.

a. Tail and forearms uniformly black*. Face

Hey As Usual eer elect la ae leh ie scans .. 2. Mystaz.

Species: mystax (type), aprculatus, bluntschlii, chrysopygus,

devillei, flavifrons, fuscicollis, graellst, griseoventris, ilhgert,

imperator, labiatus, lagonotus, leucogenys, melanoleucus, mi-

das, nigricollis, nigrifrons, pileatus, rufimanus, rufiventer,

rufonger, thomast, tripartitus, ursulus, weddelli.

)°, Forearms and hands white or yellowish. Face,

or at least its sides, short-haired or naked.

a, Ears of normal length. ‘Tail dark proxi-

mally, at least above, lighter terminally.. 3. Sentocebus.

Species: bicolor (type), leucopus, martinsi, meticulosus.

b°, Ears short. Tail red proximally, black ter-

WAIN GVeateeietanies giats Obeiic eae eeeeee 4, Gdipomidas.

Species: wdipus (type), geoffroyz, salaquiensis, ~

I}. Lower teeth modified, the canines little longer

than the incisors.

ec, Size about asin other marmosets. Mandible high

in proportion to its length, the condylar process

upright. P' with an internal lobe.

e?, Kars untufted. Tail wholly black.......... 5. Mico.

Species: argentatus (type), emilie, leucippe, melanurus.

d?, Kars with long tufts on or round them. Tail

ringed with white or yellowish............ 6. Hapale.

Species: jacchus (type), albicollis, aurita, chrysoleuca, flaviceps,

humeralifer, jordant, leucocephala, penicillata, santaremensis.

d. Size much smaller. Mandible lower in propor-

tion to length ; condylar process slanted back-

wards. P' without internal lobe............ 7. Cebuella.

Species: pygmea (type).

Three white species, however, whose original derivation

may or may not have been due to albinism, will not fall

* Hands sometimes yellow, generally black.

On the Holotype of Parazetes auchenicus. KOS

readily into this scheme, owing to their abnormal colour.

But their positions seem clear enough, viz. :—

Mico melanoleucus, Rib., is a Mystax.

Hapale chrysoleuca, Wagn, (incl. sericeus, Gray), is a

true Hapale.

And the following new species is a Mico :—

Mico leucippe, sp. n.

Like Hapale chrysoleuca, but the ears untufted, nearly .

naked. Head, fore limbs, body, and hips quite white ; lower

legs, feet, and tail light golden yellow, not so strong as in

chrysoleuca.

Teeth with the structure typical of Hapale, not of

Mystax.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh by Friulein

Snethlage) :—

Head and body 235 mm.; tail 342; hind foot 64;

ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 48:5 ; basal length 33°8 ; breadth

of brain-case 26°2; maxillary tooth-row 11°8.

Hab. Lower Amazons. ‘Type from Pimental, Rio Tapajoz.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9.3.9.2. Original num-

ber 14. Collected 13th November, 1908, by Fiiiulein Dr. E.

Snethlage. Presented by the authorities of the Museum

Goeldi, Para.

This beautiful white marmoset had been supposed to be

Hapale chrysoleuca, but is readily distinguished by its wholly

untufted and almost naked ears. ‘Two specimens were

obtained by Fraulein Snethlage, both quite alike.

‘Shot in deep forest.”—Z. S.

XXI.—The Holotype of Parazetes auchenicus, Slater

(Pyenogonida). By W.T. Cauman, D.Sce., F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

IN a paper published in this Magazine in 1879 (ser. 5, vol. iii.

p. 281), the late Mr. H. H. Slater described a Pycnogon from

Japan as Parazetes auchenicus, gen. et sp.n. He stated that

200 Dr. W. T. Calman on the

the proboscis was “ distinctly four-cleft at its apex—a pecu-

liarity, as far as I know, hitherto unknown among Pyecnogons,”’

and that the palpi consisted of nine segments. Loman, in

1911 (Abh. k. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, Suppl. Bd. 1.

Abh. 4, p. 6), pointed out, on the evidence of sketches of the

holotype which I sent to him, that both these statements were

Fig. 1.

Ascorhynchus auchenicus (Slater), holotype, dorsal view. Legs omitted.

wrong, and he identified the genus with the earlier Asco-

rhynchus of Sars and the species with the Gnamptorhynchus

ramipes of Bohm,

Loman’s determination of the genus is certainly correct,

but I am not convinced that his identification of the species

is so.

Description.—The specimen is probably a female, the

genital openings on the last two pairs of legs being distinetly

Flolotype of Parazetes auchenicus. 201

larger than those of an ovigerous male of similar size belonging

to an allied species.

Body elongated, lateral processes separated by about their

own diameter, width across second lateral processes five times

Ascorhynchus auchenicus (Slater), holotype, from the right side.

Legs, oviger, and palp omitted.

that measured between first and second. Cephalon (from

base of proboscis to first lateral processes) little shorter than

rest of trunk, Ocular tubercle in front of attachment of

ovigers, pointed, eyes well marked. A tubercle in middle

Fig. 3.

“e

/ \

a DE I

Ascerhynchus auchenicus (Slater), holotype. Apical view of proboscis,

showing mouth-opening.

of hind margin of first three segments, one on each lateral

process and a pair over bases of chelophores ; these tubercles

blunt, hardly taller than wide. Pvroboscis nearly one-third of

202 Dr. W. T. Calman on the

total length, fusiform, acutely pointed, and desply cleft into

three lips at tip, with a slight constriction at about one-third

of its length from base. Abdomen clavate, one-third of length

of proboscis. :

Chelophores one-fifth as long as proboscis, scape undivided,

distal segment irregular in form. Palps of ten segments.

Legs with first and third coxee equal, second longer by one-

half, first coxa with two distal tubercles or very short spurs,

second with one tubercle beyond middle of its length.

First legs with well-marked but very short claw, second tibia

a little shorter than femur, tarsus about one-third of femur

and longer than propodus. Posterior legs with second tibia

shorter than femur, tarsus equal to propodus, claw about

one-third of propodus.

Measurements (in millimetres) :—

Leno thiol provoscisy cece cee ke ae ees eee Pits,

Greatest diameter of proboscis .........+...4 core GO

Lenpthror trumlotits 7S aheaset. ian tates terete 6:24

Longth oficephalone i. isnt «is noise cities feecivee . 3804

Width across second lateral process,..........+0. 32

Width between first and second lateral processes .. 0°6

Gength ol abdoment..., o-.oe uacscae awe ete te ite

First left leg. Third left leg.

TSE COX. Hach 2a on cee ete oe 0:72 0:8

NecondicOxa ass. Be Mone eine 1:2 1:2

MUO COR cite ciicnisc ei aeeiee tee 0-8 0:8

Sra Sete. Mee seen cities 3°28 30

BITS ERCUD LA ity apei Nene: bactote oe ats arale a 4:32 4:0

Second stibia wet tain overt ieen 3:12 2°72

Parsusins aie a dase.s aise s fotens Mihaela 1:16 10

Propodus: \\..vsceccteceuec eee 0:92 1:04

Cla Wer wiscicetssn eee ee Oe slo tensiine 0-12 0:36

Remarks.—Loman, identifying Slater’s species with A. ra-

mipes (Béhm), places in the same synonymy A. bicornis,

Ortmann, regarding as unimportant the differences said to

distinguish the last-named species, but not discussing them

in detail. Ortmann states that A. bicornis has a claw on the

first legs and the abdomen only half as long as the proboscis,

while A. ramipes has no claw on the first legs and the abdomen

equal to the proboscis. In the present specimen the abdomen

is about one-third as long as the proboscis and the other

characters are as given by Ortmann. Béhm’s figure and

description of A. ramipes present some inconsistencies, but

Ortmann confirms his account of the very long abdomen and

the clawless first legs.

Holotype of Parazetes auchenicus. 203

Loman does not mention in this connexion A. minutus,

Hoek, from which Ortmann distinguishes A. bicornis because

(among other less important characters) the former is said to

have an unpaired spine or tubercle at the base of the chelo-

phores. The two type-specimens of Hoek’s species, however,

have clearly a pair of tubercles in that position (as Loman

found also in a specimen referred to this species from the

‘Siboga’ Expedition), and I cannot find any characters by

which it would appear safe to separate it from A, bicornis.

Fig. 4.

\ K

Ascorhynchus auchenicus (Slater), holotype. First leg of left side (first

and second coxee from above, distal segments from behind), with

enlarged figure of terminal claw.

While agreeing with Loman that the tubercles or processes

on the body and on the coxee of the legs may vary widely in

degree of development, I propose to restrict the name A. ra-

mipes (Bohm) to specimens having no claw on the first legs

and the abdomen about as long as the proboscis, and to apply

the name A. auchenicus (Slater) to forms which have a claw

on the first legs and the abdomen not more than half as long

as the proboscis. ‘The following synonymy is suggested :—

Ascorhynchus auchenicus (Slater).

Parazetes auchenicus, Slater, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iii. 1879,

. 281,

We givehis minutus, Hoek, Rep. Pycnogonida ‘Challenger,’ 1881,

p. 55, pl. vi. figs. 10-16; Loman, Pantopoden der ‘ Siboga’ Exped.

1908, p. 33.

Ascorhynchus bicornis, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. v. 1890, p. 162.

Ascorhynchus ramipes (part.), Loman, Abh. k. Bayer, Akad. Wiss,

Minchen, Suppl. Bd. ii, 1911, Abh. 4, p. 6,

204 Dr. C. W. Andrews on a

XXII.—Note on a Bear (Ursus savini, sp. n.) from the

Cromer Forest-bed. By C. W. ANDREWS, D.Sc., F.R.S.

(British Museum, Natural History).

(Published by permission of the ‘Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE occurrence of the remains of bears in the Norfolk

Forest-bed series has long been known. In 1845 Owen, in

his ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ described the man-

dible of a large bear from high up in the series at Bacton,

and referred it to Ursus speleus. 'UChis specimen, which was

in the Green Collection, is now in the British Museum

(16448). Numerous authors have since written upon the

subject, and a summary of their various views is given by

E. [. Newton in his ‘ Vertebrata of the Fossil Bed Series of

Norfolk and Suffolk’ (1882), p. 5. Here he points out that

the Forest-bed bears have been referred to four species—

Ursus speleus, U. arvernensis, U. etruscus, and U. priscus,—

but that, except in the case of the first-named species, there is

no published record of the material upon which these deter-

minations were based.

Mr. Newton himself was able to examine some fifteen

specimens, mostly lower jaws, and, with three exceptions, he

refers all these to Ursus spelwus. The exceptions are a

maxilla which he regards with some certainty as belonging

to Ursus ferox-fossilis (=U. priscus=U. horribilis). ‘This

specimen, which is labelled “U. priscus” in Falconer’s hand-

writing, is figured by Newton (op. cit. pl. i. fig.5)._ It seems

just possible that it may belong to the ordinary Forest-bed

Bear. The other specimens referred doubtfully to Ursus

ferox-fossilis are a left ulna and a second metacarpal.

Having recently had occasion to examine most of the bear-

remains in the British Museum, I paid particular attention to

the Forest-bed bear, because it always seemed improbable

that a Pliocene form should be identical with a late Pleistocene

species, the associate of Hlephas primigenius and [hinoceros

antiquitatis. The material upon which the conclusions here

arrived at are based includes not only the specimens described

by Mr. Newton and those belonging to the Savin Collection

in the British Museum, but also a quantity of bear-remains

collected in recent years by Mr. Savin, of Cromer, and now

kindly lent by him for the purposes of this paper.

The material now available for examination includes about

Bear from the Cromer Forest-bed. 205

sixteen mandibular rami of varying degrees of completeness,

two maxillee with molars, numerous odd teeth, and a number

of more or less perfect limb-bones. The result of my exami-

nation of these remains is that I have come to the conclusion

that the common bear of the Cromer Forest-bed is specifically

distinct from the typical Ursus speleus, though it certainly

belongs to the same (Speleearctine) group, and may, perhaps,

represent the ancestral form. I suggest that this new species

should be called Ursus savini, sp. n., in honour of Mr, Savin

of Cromer, whose untiring zeal in collecting the Forest-bed

fossils is well known.

I propose to take as the type-specimen the right mandibular

ramus (16448) from Bacton described and figured by Owen

in ¢ British Fossil Mammals and Birds’ (1846), p. 89, fig. 35 ¢

(p. 106) ; also by H.'T. Newton in ‘ Vertebrata of the Forest-

bed Series” (1882), pl. i. figs. 1, la. The fourth premolar

is also figured by Reynolds in ‘ British Pleistocene Mammalia’

(Mon. Pal. Soc. 1906), pl. vi. fig. 6c.

The dimensions of this specimen (in millimetres) are :—

etre bay OL [RWG ber ops ora ode tenes stele gaa ckotous xia sips. sie 260

Depth of jaw between m,. and m3 ........-+-. 57

Height at coronoid process ...........+.0+ 00> 112

(henethy of diastemas . 5 siseces fos elds ene app. 87

M;, length 24, width 16.

IC ee, 20s ta3, © LO:

aS R20 R da, bes

Re AG ee 710

- ;

Length of molar series (JJj—M3) .......+0055 75

Length from ms; to canine ......0..05+050. app. 125

Canine: long diameter of base of crown ...... 25

” short ” ” pe) jePcoce 17

It is not denied that U. savini, though smaller, resembles

U. speleus in some important points—e. g., (1) in the loss of

the anterior premolars (in one case pm, is present) ; (2) in

the tendency towards the complication of the crown of pm, by

the development of an inner cusp, which, however, is by no

means always present ; (3) in the complication of the crowns

of the molars through the development of numerous accessory

tubercles. On the other hand, it differs in (1) the relatively

smaller size of the cheek-teeth in proportion to the jaw; (2) in

the shorter diastema between pm, and the canine; (3) in

the more slender form of the latter tooth, especially in the

region of its root; (4) the smaller size of the posterior lobe

of the last lower molar compared to the anterior lobe.

The degree of complication of pm, is very variable ; in

206 Dr. C. W. Andrews on a

some specimens the inner cusp is not much developed, as

in the tooth from Bacton (16448) figured by Reynolds (pl. vi.

fig. 6c), and still less in another specimen (M 6190) from Side-

strand; on the other hand, in a specimen (M 5995) figured

by Reynolds on the plate just quoted (fig. 6a), the com-

plication is much greater, but in no case does it approach

that seen in the normal pm, of the Pleistocene Ursus

speleus.

In both Ursus speleus and U. savint the mandibular rami

of some old individuals, probably males, may become much

deepened beneath the posterior molars. This is especially

marked in one very massive mandibular ramus (M 6186)

from Bacton ; in this case, however, this peculiarity may

have been partly due toa diseased condition. This deepening

of the posterior part of the mandibular ramus is well shown

in a specimen from Overstrand (Savin Coll. M 6079) figured

by E. TI. Newton (op. eit. pl.i. fig. 3). In younger “indi-

viduals, particularly in the cae probably female, jaws,

the lower border of the ramus is nearly straight.

Another bear with which Ursus savini must be compared is

U. deningeri from the older Pleistocene sands of Mosbach and

Mauer. This species has been described in great detail by

v. Reichenau [Abhandl. Geol. Landesanstalt Darmstadt,

Bd. iv. (1901-8) p. 208], and its relationships to other species,

especially to the Forest-bed bears and U. speleus, have been

discussed by Freudenberg [ Paleeon. Abhandl. Bd. xvi. (1913-

14) p. 582]. The latter author, though at first inclined to

regard U. deningeri as identical with the common Forest-bed

species (U. savini), later in his paper states that it is really

different in several respects. ‘The chief differences are :—

(1) in U. deningert pm, is always a narrow cone without

the inner tubercle, which is often more or less developed in

U. saviné; (2) in U. savini the third lower molar, though

similar in general outline, is broader in proportion to its

length, a peculiarity still more marked in m,-pm,y. In one

specimen of Ursus deningert pm; is present.

From his table of average measurements of the teeth in

U. savini, U. deningeri, and U. spelwus, Freudenberg believes

that U. savini is intermediate between U. speleus and U. de-

ningeri; but the more extensive series of measurements now

available shows that, so far as the dimensions of the teeth go,

U. deningeri and U. savini are very similar. Nevertheless,

the differences in structure already referred to and the differ-

ence of date seem to justify the separation of the two forms

Bear from the Cromer Forest-bed. 207

here adopted. Freudenberg considers that probably both

U. deningert and U, savini are derived from U. etruscus or

some related form, and that U. savint may be the ancestor of

U, speleus.

Among the specimens lent by Mr. Savin there is also a

right maxilla of a small bear which is of great interest. The

canine, pm‘, m!, and m?* are present, and the socket for a

small pm*. It is peculiar for the great depth of the maxilla

between the antorbital foramen and the cheek-teeth, and the

animal must have had a very short deep muzzle. It is much

too small to fit any of the mandibles preserved, but at the

same time the teeth show the complex tuberculation charac-

teristic of the Speleearctine group, so that it may indicate the

existence of very small individuals of U. savini. The teeth

are quite unlike those of U. arvernensis.

The dimensions of the teeth in this specimen (in milli-

metres) are :—

Canine, length at base of crown 18, width at base of crown LO.

Pm, length 17, width 12.

M', ma eOs daa! | LZ.

Mm, *), 365, , 18.

Too much importance must not be attached to this specimen,

as it seems to be much restored; but if it actually belongs to

a small Ursus savini, it indicates that that animal had a deep

skull with a short muzzle, which agrees with the short

diastema in the mandible.

A number of limb-bones are preserved: these, especially

the tibia, indicate that this species was a heavily built short-

legged animal. In Ursus speleus also the limbs are rela-

tively short.

A left maxilla of a very large bear is included among the

specimens lent by Mr. Savin (no. 745, Overstrand). The

two molars are well preserved, but somewhat worn ; these

dimensions are: m}, length 30 mm., width 21; m’, length

50 mm., width 23°5. The posterior lobe of m, is remarkably

long and narrow; the tuberculation of the crowns of the

molars seems to have been less complex than usual in Ursus

speleus. It is just possible that this maxilla may belong toa

very large individual of U. savini, but it is far too large to be

associated with any of the mandibles in the Collection ;

possibly it belongs to the bear referred to by Newton as

Ursus ferox-fossilis(?). More material is necessary before any

certain determination is possible.

208 Rey. 8. Graham Brade-Birks on Myriapoda.

XXIII.— Notes on Myriapoda.n—XXVII. Wandering Milli-

pedes. By the Rev. 8. Granam Brape-BirKs, M.Sc.

(Manchester), Lecturer in Zoology and Geology, South-

ab Agricultural College (University of London), Wye,

enf.

INTRODUCTORY.

There are published records of a number of observations

upon wandering millipedes.

In a paper cited by Verhoeff (1900), J. Paszlavszky (1879)

published an account of a migration of Brachyiulus uni-

lineatus in the Hungarian Alféld, and made reference to

observations by 'Témésvary on a case in Transylvania

(‘ Természettudomdnyi Kézlony,’ x. p. 355) and to a remark

by Taschenberg with reference to the appearance in mass of

“ Julus guttulatus Fabr.” Concerning Témoésvary’s observa-

tions, he says :—“ In grésster Anzahl war Julus terrestris L.,

J. fasciatus Koch und -/. trilineatus Koch vertreten; jedoch die

beiden letzteren und J. wnilineatus waren viel spiirlicher als

die erstgenannten. Ausserdem war noch eine bis jetzt nicht

bestimmte Julus- oder Allajulus-Art, dann Lithobius, einige

Geophilus und Limnotenia.” With regard to the names

used in this passage I will do no more than point out that

the last is obviously meant for Linotenia, and say that I

have not tried to make out what animals are really intended

by the names of millipedes used in it. In her report for

1885 Miss Ormerod, (1886) p. 48, recorded “ the migration

of’ Julids “in large numbers from one locality to another.”

They were “ apparently travelling across from a field of Oats

towards a piece of pasture land.” This event was described

on the 3lst May as “A few mornings since,” and was

reported from Rise Hall, Fakenham. Two years later

Bollman (1888) referred to movements of Fontaria virgint-

ensis (Drury) at Donaldson, Arkansas. Paszlavszky’s (1879)

account was criticized by Verhoeff (1900) in publishing an

account of a wandering in Alsace of Schizophyllum sabulosum

(Linné), the specimens examined being referable to the var.

lifasciatum in both sexes, and just a small number of males

to the var. punctulatum. In the collection made on this

oceasion there were two specimens of Cylindrotiulus londin-

ensis, var. ceruleocinctus (Wood), but Verhoeff considered

those to be accidentally present. Mauck (1901) gave an

account of the swarming of Fontaria virginiensis near the

Rev. 8. Graham Brade-Birks on Myriapoda. 209

Indiana University Biological Station at Vawter Park.

Sinclair (1904), in addition to references to two of the cases

cited above, adds an instance, with which the writer is other-

wise unfamiliar, from Verhoeff; this concerns Brachydesmus

superus, “which,” says Sinclair, “ live in dry seasons beneath

the earth and in rainy weather are found above the ground :

in the latter case they make short migrations.”

New ReEcorps.

Movements of Millipedes at Night.

At Wye, Kent, in 1921, I was fortunate in being able to

make first-hand observations over a period of several months,

On 6th April, between 8 and 9 p.m., G.M.T., I was walking

with a colleague, Mr. C. A. W. Duffield, along a road close

to the town (Coldharbour Road), when, by the light of the

lamp carried, a number of millipedes was seen in the roadway.

On many subsequent nights during the months of April, May,

and June, I searched the same road, and repeatedly found

millipedes. ‘l'wice in July (19 and 20) when I searched I

found none. In the course of three months the following

animals were obtained in this way :—

Tuchypodviulus niger (Leach).

Cylindroiulus londinensis, var. ceruleocinctus (Wood).

Lulus (Micropodoiulus) scandinavius, Latzel.

Ophytulus pilosus (Newport).

Schizophyllum sabulosum (Linné).

Stosatea italica (Latzel) [now first recorded for Britain ;

see remark at the end of this note].

Polydesmus sp.

I believe that the -millipedes observed on this road were

mostly individuals of the first two forms mentioned in the list

just above. Support is given to this view by the fact that

on the first two nights of observation—nights when large

numbers were observed—complete diagnosis of the animals

collected showed that there had been obtained 24 7. niger,

1 C. londinensis, var. cvruleocinctus, 1 Polydesmus sp., in a

distance of about 240 yards on 6. 4. 21, and 70 7. niger,

11 C., londinensis, var. ceruleocinctus, 1 or 2 IL. scandinavius,

and 1 Polydesmus sp. in a distance of about 530 yards on

7. 4. 21 (both distances are but roughly determined ),

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vel. ix, 1é

210 Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks on Myriapoda.

Elsewhere in the same district millipedes have also been

taken at night on roadway and footpath. I have repeatedly

taken Brachyiulus pusillus (Leach) at night on the sides of

horticultural frames in the Wye College kitchen-gardens, and

have concluded that they were feeding either upon crypto-

eamic material or upon any decaying wood that might be

found there.

Although 1921 was abnormally dry, it does not seem likely

that this is sufficient to explain all the instances observed

during the year. It seems likely that large numbers of

millipedes wander by night at certain seasons every year,

and that at these times our less-frequented country roads, our

lanes, and field-footpaths provide good observation grounds.

It is perhaps worth adding that a dead Julid was found on

Joldharbour Road one day in the middle of May 1920, so

that, had a night search been made then, wanderers were

probably to be taken—perhaps the one that was found was

killed by a passing vehicle.

Movements of Millipedes by Day.

Mr. Harriss, fruit-foreman to the Ditton Court Farm, Ltd.,

Larkfield, Kent, and other workers noticed about six specimens

of a millipede agreeing in Mr. Harriss’s description with

Cylindroiulus londinensis, var. ceruleocinctus (Wood), which

occurs locally, or some other animal of similar appearance,

“crossing” a road between a field on Ditton Court Farm

and a potato-field in the occupation of the East Malling

Experimental Station. The animals were observed about

4.30 p.M., G.M.T., on an afternoon about the middle of

September 1920. The 1920 crop on the field the millipedes

appeared to be leaving consisted of cabbages and spring-oats.

‘he road is not bounded on either side by a fence of any

kind, and the length on which these animals were observed.

was some 60 yards.

On 12th May, 1921, about 9 A.m., G.M.T., the writer took

ene male of Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport) and one female

of Vachypedoiulus niger (Leach) alive on the roadway of

Coldharbour Road, Wye, Kent. It was a thunder-like

morning, and the sun was struggling through a haze.

Mr, R. Standen was kind enough to amplify for me tn Mite.

his account of an incident just mentioned in one of his papers

(Standen, 1921). ‘ Passing,” he says, “‘ through Dove Dale,

Derbyshie, one dull, sultry day in June 1919, immediately

after a heavy rainfall following a dry spell of weather, I was

i iis Mee

Rev. S. Graham Brade-Birks on MLlyriapoda., 211

amazed at the number of Woodlice, Myriapods, Mollusks, and

other small nocturnal animals which the exceptional meteoro-

logical conditions had brought out at mid-day. ‘The stones

on the ‘screes,’? the wet faces of the rocks, and tree-trunks,

absolutely swarmed with them. I sat down before a sloping

rock about two yards square and tried to count the Woodlice,

- ete., but had to give up the task. The rock-face was almost

covered with tiny Lichens, Moss, and Liverwort, amongst

which I counted fourteen fine examples of the beautiful

Schizophyllum sabulosum slowly meandering, reminding me

stronely of young Blindworms (Anguds fragilis) in their

coloration and movements. Watching these very closely

through a lens I found that they were feeding on the Liver-

wort.... In the same space I also noted five Glomeris

marginata ; seven Tachypodoiulus niger... .”

Economic STANDPOINT AND FUTURE INVESTIGATION.

It was evidently realized long ago that a knowledge of the

wandering of millipedes might be of some importance to the

economic zoologist, for Miss Ormerod (1895), p. 81, says “it

seems to me we need special investigation as to the possi-

bilities of migration.”

Facts which have come to the writer’s notice, and just

recorded above, throw some light upon the subject, and he

hopes that further progress towards a solution of the problems

involved may be made by the co-operation of other workers

during 1922. The pursuit of other researches have, so far,

made it impossible to devote the time it would require to a

full investigation of the matter.

It would be advantageous to have observations nightly—

say, one hour after sunset-—on measured stretches of road,

and to have records made of the numbers of millipedes

collected, their species, sex, and ontogenetic stage; thus each

specimen should be preserved for examination and identifica-

tion, and the number of pairs of legs should be counted and

each animal measured. Weather conditions should also be

taken into account.

It would also be a good thing if it could be definitely deter-

mined whether individuals travel any great distance.

THE OCCURRENCE OF Szosarea rrazica (LATZEL).

I had taken this animal sparingly in the Vicarage garden

at Wye in 1920. In 1921 Mr. Bagnall found it in consider-

able numbers among decaying vegetable matter on the *

219 Dr. M. Khalil on some

roadside near Coldharbour Farm, Wye. M. Henry W.

srOlemann was kind enough to identify the species for me in

the first instance, and [ tender him my best thanks.

The original deseription was as Strongylosoma ttalicum,

Latzel, 1886, Bull. Ent. Ital. xviii. p. 308.

SoME REFERENCES.

Botuman, C. H. 1888. “A Preliminary List of the Myriapola of

Arkansas, with Descriptions of new Species.” Intomologica

Americana, iv. pp. 1-8, (Reprinted, 18938, in Bull. xlvi. U.S. Nat.

Mus. pp. 73-80.)

Maucx, A. V. 1901. “On the Swarming and Variation in a Myriapod

(Fontaria virginiensis).” Amer, Nat. xxxv. pp. 477-478.

Ormerop, fH. A, 1886. Ninth Report on Injurious Insects.

1895. Highteenth Report on Injurious Insects.

Pasziavszky, J. 1879. “ Massenhaftes Erscheinen von Tausend-

fiisslern.” Verh. der k. k. zool.-botan. Ges. in Wien, xxviii.

pp. 545-552. ‘

SincLair, FG. 1904. “The Myriapoda of Cambridgeshire.” In the

Natural History of Cambridgeshire, ed. Marr and Shipley (Camb.

Univ. Press), pp. 184-192.

SranpdEn, R. 1921. “The Woodlice and other Crustacea of Derbyshire

and Staffordshire...” Lanes. & Ches. Nat. xiii. pp. 130-188,

Vernorrr, K. W. 1900, ‘“ Wandernde Doppelftissler, Misenbahnziige

hemmend.” Zool. Anz. xxiii. pp. 465-473,

6th January, 1922.

XXIV.—A Preliminary Note on some new Nematode Para-

sites from the Elephant. By M. Kuauit, M.D., D.P.H.,

D.T.M. & H.*

PreriporpHarynx, Lane, 1921.

Pteridopharyn2# anisa, sp. n.

Male is 14-15 mm. long and 0:46 mm. in breadth.

Female is 16°5-17 mm. in length and ‘65 mm. in breadth.

Cuticle is striated. External leaf-crown consists of about

20 leaflets. There are 4 head-papille. Mouth-capsule

pear-shaped. (C#sophagus is "45-57 mm. in length. The

* From the Helminthological Department, London School of Tropical

e Medicine. Received for publication 9th January, 1922,

new Nematode Parasites. 213

nerve-ring is °25 mm. from head-end. Bursa has a very

long dorsal lobe indistinctly separated from the lateral lobes.

Dorsal ray divides into two. The dorso-lateral ray is bifid

near its end. The two spicules are equal, °82 mm, long,

curved near the tip. Accessory piece is ‘13 mm, The

female tail is ‘52 mm. The vulva is placed ‘12 mm. in

front of the anus.

Hab. Intestine of the African elephant, Uganda.

Mempuista, gen. nov.

Slender Nematodes with a ring-shaped mouth-capsule.

Mouth-opening surrounded by a leaf-crown. There is a

cuticular expansion just below the head forming a ring.

Bursa elongated and divided into three lobes. The middle

lobe is longer than the lateral lobes. The dorsal ray divides

into two. The dorso-lateral ray gives a small branch about

its middle nearly at right angles to its course.

Type-species, Memphisia memphisia.

Memphisia memphisia, sp. n.

Male is 13°5-14 mm. long and ‘55 mm. in breadth.

Female is 14°5-16 mm. long and *55 mm. in breadth.

Cuticle is striated. The cuticular collar is large. There

are 4 head-papille. External leaf-crown consists of about

17 leaflets. The mouth-capsule is broader than it is long.

(Esophagus is broad and short, -48 mm. in length. Nerve-

ring is ‘25 mm. from head. Bursa is shorter than in the

next species. The two spicules are slender, bent dorsally at

end. They are‘9mm. in length. Accessory piece is ‘1 mm.

in length. The tail of the female tapers sharply. It is

‘58 mm. in length. The vulva lies close in front of the anus.

Hab. Intestine of African elephant, Uganda.

Memphisia aziza, sp. n.

Male is 12 mm. in length and ‘5 mm. in breadth.

Female is 15 mm. in length and ‘5 mm. in breadth.

Cuticle is striated. There are 4 head-papille. External

leaf-crown consists of 20 leaflets. Mouth-capsule is longer

than it is broad. (sophagus is short and broad, and is

‘4mm. in length. The nerve-ring is placed ‘2 mm. from the

head. The bursa is longer than that of M.memphisia. The

214 Dr. M. Khalil on some

two spicules are °75 mm. in length. Accessory piece is

‘l mm. in length. The tail of the female is‘66 mm. The

vulva is °25 mm. in front of the anus.

Hab. Intestine of African elephant, Uganda.

Morsuipta, Lane, 1914.

Murshidia hadia, sp. un.

Male is 18°5 mm. in length and ‘67 mm. in breadth.

Female is 24 mm. in length and ‘82 mm. in breadth,

Cuticle is striated. There are 4 head-papille and an

external leaf-crown consisting of about 40 rays. Mouth-

capsule is globular. QCsophagus is °85 mm. in length. The

nerve-ring is placed ‘6 mm. from the head-end. The bursa

is short and broad. The rays have irregular prominences at

their origin. The dorsal ray divides into 6 branches nearly

equal in length. The spicules are equal and stout. The tip

is rounded and bent dorsally. They are 1:1 mm. in length.

The female tail is slender and is 2°25 mm. in length. ‘The.

vulva is placed ‘6 mm. in front of the anus.

Hab. Intestine of African elephant, Uganda.

Quitonta, Lane, 1914.

Quilonia uganda, sp. n.

Male 11°5-12 mm. in length and °55 mm, in breadth.

Female 16 mm. in length and ‘64 mm. in breadth,

Cuticle is striated. There are four head-papille. The

external half-crown consists of 12 leaflets. Mouth-capsule

is shallow with two teeth at its floor. Csophagus is *52 mm.

to ‘62 mm. in length. Bursa is short and indistinctly

divided into three lobes. The dorsal ray is slender and

divides into two divisions, each of which ends in three fine

rays unlike those of Q. africana. ‘The spicules are equal

and ‘72 mm.in length. Accessory piece is*] mm. in length.

Tail of female is 2°43 mm. in length, and the vulva is placed

2°77 mm, in front of the anus.

This species differs from Q. apiensis, Gedoelst, 1916, princi-

pally in the length of the spicules. In Q. apiensis they are

“944 mm. in length.

Hab. Intestine of African elephant, Uganda.

—

new Nematode Parasites. P15

LEIPERENIA, gen. nov.

Minute nematode just visible to the naked eye. Head

surrounded by more than six small lips. Mouth-capsule is

absent. There is a short muscular pharynx placed on top

of an elongated thin esophagus. Tail is simple, non-bursate.

The male has two unequal spicules and an accessory piece.

Female is viviparous. Embryos reach an advanced stage

of maturity within the parent worm. ‘There is a cuticular

expansion round the anterior part of the body. Cuticle is

striated,

Type-species, L. leipert, from the African elephant.

Leiperenia leiperi, sp. n.

Male is 3°8 mm. long and *2 mm. in breadth.

Female is 3°9 mm. in length and ‘21 mm. in breadth.

It has the character of the genus. There are about 8 coni-

cal processes projecting from the anterior end of the pharynx.

Pharynx is 083 mm. long and ‘06mm. in breadth. Gisophagus

is °38 mm. in length. LExcretory vesicle is large, and its

Opening is surrounded by striated margin. The long spicule

of the male is *3 mm. and the short is ‘19 mm. The

accessory piece is "09 mm. ‘The tailof the male is °88 mm.

The tail of the female is *7 mm. and tapers to asharp point.

Vulva is placed a little distance in front of the anus.

Hab. 'The intestine of the African elephant, Uganda.

Leiperenia galebi, sp. un.

Male is 8°25 mm. in length and ‘17 mm. in breadth.

Female is 3°8 mm. in length and ‘18 mm. in breadth.

The pharynx is 14 mm. in length and *] mm. in breadth,

and carries about 8 conical processes onits top. Csophagus

is long and thin, *4:mm. in length. Excretory pore is large

and has striated margin, and is placed 1:2 mm. from the

head. The long spicule measures °25 mm., the short one

‘13 mm., and the accessory piece ‘13 mm. The tail of the

male is °43 mm., and is blunt at the end. The tail of

the female is much shorter than in the above species,

and is *53 mm. in length. The vulva is placed a short

distance in front of the anus.

fab. Intestine of the Indian elephant.

216 Miscellaneous.

The material on which this communication is based was

collected by Professor R. T. Leiper in Uganda in 1907,

when he was a member of the Egyptian Government Ex-

pedition. They were kindly submitted to me for examina-

tion by him. The last species was collected from an Indian

elephant that died in the London Zoological Gardens.

This communication will be followed later by a detailed

description with diagrams.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The ‘ Zoological Record,’

To the Editors of the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History.’

Dear Sirs,—I should be glad if you would draw the attention of

your readers to the present position of the ‘ Zoological Record.’

Owing to the collapse of the International Catalogue of Scientific

Literature, in connection with which the ‘ Record’ was published

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Owing to the great increase of the cost of printing and to the

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taking on the Zoological Society is becoming very severe. The cost

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zoologists are prepared to make greater efforts to support the under-

taking, there is a strong possibility that the Council of the Zoological

Society may refuse to find this large sum each year,

It appears, therefore, to be the duty of every zoologist to help, so

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THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[NINTH SERIES.]

No. 51. MARCH 1922.

XXV.—The African Species of Ebzus, Er., with an Account

of their accessory 3 -characters [Coleoptera]. By G. C.

Crampton, F.Z.5.

Tue present paper, in continuation of, the one on Hedybius

and its allies published in the last volume of this Magazine

(pp. 449-494), is based upon a study of the African bet

belonging to the Cape Town and Durban Museums and the

British Museum in London. With two exceptions, they are

all from South or East Africa, and about half of them are

treated as new, the remainder having been described by

Boheman, J. Thomson, Abeille de Perrin, Gorham, and Pic,

and placed by them under various generic names *.

EB2Xvs.

Ebeus, Erichson, Entomographien, p. 118 (1840) [type BZ. pedicu-

larius, Schrank |.

Urodactylus, J. Thomson, Archives Ent. ii. p. 80 (1858) [type U, bi-

caudatus, Thoms. |.

Attalus, Er., subgen. Mizis, Abeille de Perrin, Rev. d’Ent. ix. p. 51

re Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1890, p. 407 (1891) [type Ebeus hystrix,

Ab.].

* The East African forms, one of which is referred to Hbeus, named

by Pic in 1919, “ pour prendre date,” are not recognisable from the brief

diagnoses given. Anthocomus coriaceus, Gorh, (1905), is a Dasytid.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. 1x. 15

218 Mr. G. C. Champion on

Ebeomorphus, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 28 (1904) [nec Aftalus, subgen.

Ebeimorphus, Abeille de Perrin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1890, p. 578

(1891)]} [type £. ramicornis, Pic].

The Ethiopian insects here referred to Ebeus differ from

their northern allies in the armature or shape of the apices

of the elytra in the ¢ ; the appendages when fully deve-

loped (E. bicaudatus) are not like those of the type of the

genus (11. pedicularius, Schrank), and when absent (£. in-

ermipennis, Pic, &c.) are replaced by a tumid, smooth, or

hollow space. In “beus, s.str., 3, there are two appen-

dages—a small inner one and a large subtriangular, ear-

shaped, or oblong, apical or outer one, the latter retractile

and partially closing the terminal cavity. This structure is

not to be found in the southern forms, nevertheless the

name Urodactylus, J. Thoms. (= Mizis, Ab.), cannot be

retained for them. Abeille de Perrin attached too much

importance to the surface-vestiture—wholly fine and seri-

ceous in Hbeus, and with intermixed longer hairs or erect

sete in Miais, a character that cannot. be regarded as

of generic value. ‘The flabellate or pectinate antenne in

the g (E. ramicornis, Boh., apricus, Gorh., &c.) is an un-

important secondary sexual character occurring also in

Malachius and Hapalochrus. Ebaeus therefore, in the wide

sense, is separable from Attalus, which has similar anterior

tarsi in ¢, by the appendiculate or peculiarly-formed apices

of the elytra in this sex, the head wanting the frontal

excavation so conspicuous in the males of LHebybius, &c.

The simple tarsal structure of Anthocomus distinguishes

that genus from Attalus and Ebeus.

36 *.

1 (14). Antenne serrate or subserrate, the joints

obconic in No. 19,

2 (7). Prothorax narrowly margined; elytra with

fine sericeous pubescence, opaque or sub-

opaque, the apices excavate and also

lamellate or dentate ; anterior tarsal joint 2

nigro-pectinate at tip. [EBaus, Er.]

3 (6). Elytra metallic.

4 (5). Legs, head, prothorax, scutellum, Xc., testa-

GOOUS raise ous esses: shee eegereiars erakonete temas Species 1.

5 (4). Legs, head, prothorax in part, and scutellum

MIO CAMIG . Metaw cele taste ie reuse Riateratets al siege Species 2.

in the Table.

the African Species of Kbeeus. 219

6 (8). Elytra maculate, at least at tip, not metallic ;

legs infuscate, except in No.6.......... Species 3-6,

7 (2). Prothorax more broadly margined; elytra

usually with longer bristly or erect hairs

intermixed, maculate.

8 (11). Elytral apices transversely excavate and each

with a long, curved or angulate appendage

arising from the suture. [UropacryLus,

J. Thoms. = Mixts, Ab.]

9 (10). Anterior tarsal joint 2 elongated, nigro-

pectinate at apex and along outer edge;

posterior tibiae simply curved .......... Species 7-9,

10 (9). Anterior tarsal joint 2 nigro-pectinate at

apex only; posterior tibize bisinuate in

No. 10, dilated near base in No. 1l...... Species 10-17,

11 (8). Elytral apices transversely depressed or

excavate, and also lamellate, tumid, or

subdentate.

12 (13). Anterior tarsal joint 2 elongated, nigro-

pectinate at apex and along outer edge;

intermediate tibize tumid near base and

strongly simuate m No: 19... 1... c ee ne Species 18-20,

13 (12). Anterior tarsal joint 2 nigro-pectinate at apex

only; intermediate tibiee sinuate in No, 21. Species 21, 22.

14 (1), Antenne sharply dentate, pectinate, or

flabellate ; elytral apices more or less

excavate, and also tumid, lamellate, or

dentate, simply smocther and obliquely

truncate in No. 56; elytra with longer

hairs intermixed. [NEpacuys, G. Thoms. ;

Exsmomorpuvs, Pic, nec Ab. }

15 (16), Elytra metallic (except at tip in No. 32),

opaque or shining; antennze dentate and

posterior tibize bisinuate in No, 3], the

antennz pectinate in No. 32; anterior

tarsal joint 2 nigro-pectinate at apex .... Species 31, 32,

16 (15). Elytra (except in No. 34, var.) maculate ;

anterior tarsal joint 2 nigro-pectinate at

tip and along outer edge .....¢...000 00. Species 34-36,

1. Ebeus conigerus, sp. n.

3d. Moderately elongate, convex, widened posteriorly, the

elytra opaque, the rest of the surface shining, very finely

sericeo-pubescent ; rufo-testaceous, the antennal joints 7-11

in great part, and the eyes, black, the elytra purplish-

violaceous, blue at the base; the head and prothorax

almost smooth, the elytra alutaceous, excessively minutely

punctate. Head longitudinally bi-impressed in front ;

antenne long, rather stout, serrate. Prothorax convex,

transverse, rounded at the sides, strongly, obliquely narrowed

posteriorly, very narrowly margined. Elytra moderately

220 Mr. G. C. Champion on

long, rounded at the sides posteriorly ; sinuate-truncate and

deeply, abruptly, transversely excavate at the apex, the

excavation limited externally by a long, stout, inferiorly-

hollowed, conical prominence, the sutural angle also raised

and angulate. Posterior tibiae curved. Anterior tarsal

joint 2 projecting over the base of 3, black at the tip.

Length 3 mm.

Hab. Ruopesta, Salisbury (Dr. Marshall: x. 1899).

One specimen. A _ rufo-testaceous insect, with opaque,

purplish-violaceous elytra, the latter strongly bidentate at

the apex in @, the five outer joints of the antenne partly

or wholly black. #.(Miais) rufithorazx, Pic, §, has a similar,

but shorter, conical tubercle at the outer apical angle of the

elytra. The outer tubercle in H. conigerus is hook-like

when viewed in profile.

2. Hbeus nairobianus, sp. n.

6. Elongate, widened posteriorly, very finely pubescent,

the head and prothorax very shining, the elytra (except at

the base) opaque ; obscure metallic green, the sides of the

prothorax broadly, and the abdomen (the black tip excepted),

rufo-testaceous, the antennal joints 1-4 (except 1 above),

and the anterior tarsi at the base, testaceous, the rest of the

anteunz black. Head barely as wide as the prothorax,

almost smooth, bi-impressed in front ; antennz long, ser-

rate. Prothorax transverse, convex, almost smooth, rounded

at the sides, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra incompletely

covering the abdomen, very finely shagreened and with an

indication of two faint raised lines on the disc; constricted

and sinuato-truncate at the apex, deeply, transversely exca-

vate before the tip, the excavation polished within and

bordered on each side behind by a rather broad, tumid,

projecting lamella. Anterior tarsal joint 2 extending over

the base of 3.

Length 33 mm.

Hab. E. Arnica, Ngong Forest, Nairobi (4. F. J. Gedye:

18. x. 1920).

One ¢, presented to the British Museum. More elongate

and larger than the 8. African H. ramicornis, Boh., the

elytra wholly metallic, the abdomen red, except at the tip,

the antenne simply serrate in 2.

the African Species of Ebeus. 221

3. Ebeus rubricatus, sp. n.

3. Elongate, widened posteriorly, the elytra opaque, the

rest of the surface somewhat shining, finely sericeo-pubes-

cent; black, the antennal joints 1-5 (except 1 above) and

11 in part, the sides of the prothorax broadly, and the

elytra (a common oblong spot on the suture before the tip

excepted) testaceous ; extremely finely, closely punctate.

Head, antenne, thorax, and elytra as in 1. martini and

dunbrodensis, Pic; elytra transversely excavate before the

tip, the apical margin tumid and subangulate externally,

and with a narrow, rather long, blunt process arising from

each sutural angle; anterior tarsal joint 2 extending over 3

above.

Length 3 mm.

Hab, EK. Arrica, Port Natal | Durban] (ex coll. Fry).

One male. ‘This is one of four closely-related 8S. African

insects, separable, infer se, apart from colour-differences, by

the shape of the apices of the elytrain g. ‘The structure

of the anterior tarsi in this sex excludes them from Antho-

comus.

4, Ebeus martint.

Anthocomus martini and var. natalensis, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 27

(3 2) (1904) *

g. Antenne long, rather stout, subserrate ; elytra

obliquely sinuato-excavate and bilamellate at the tip, the

lamellz truncate and feebly emarginate, the upper one

placed above the cavity externally and the other at the

sutural angle ; anterior tarsal joint 2 prolonged over the

base of 3 above, black at the tip.

or Antenne shorter ; ; elytra with the apical margin

simply tumid.

Hab. S. Arrica, Natal! (type of Pic), Malvern (Mus.

Durban: $2).

A variable insect ; the elytra usually with an ante-median

fascia and a common apical spot on the suture before the

apex testaceous, sometimes bluish-black (the testaceous apex

excepted) in ¢, the fascia in this case being indicated by

greyish pubescence. ‘The upper surface is opaque and

finely sericeo-pubescent. According to Pic, the first joint

(= second) of the anterior tarsi is prolonged in ¢@. An

imperfect specimen of the same sex from Zululand (Mus.

Cape Tuwn) may also belong here.

222 Mr. G. C. Champion on

5. Ebeus dunbrodensis.

Anthocomus martini, var. dunbrodensis, Pic, L’Echange, xxvii. p. 156

(1911).

3. Elytra obliquely sinuato-excavate at the apex, and

with a transverse, laterally-angulate lamella within the

apical margin externally, the sutural angles obliquely trun-

cate ; the other characters as in H. martini, Pic.

Hab. S. Arrica, Dunbrody! (Mus. Cape Town: S 2),

Grahamstown (ex coll. Fry: 2).

One ¢ and three ? ? seen. Separable from EH. martini

by the uni-lamellate apices of the elytra in the ¢; the

markings of the latter are also different, there being no

trace of a common subapical testaceous spot in the present

insect. The development of the black portion of the pro-

thorax is variable in both of them.

6. Hbeus sericatus, sp. n.

@. Moderately elongate, convex, widened posteriorly,

opaque, very finely sericeo-pubescent ; black, the basal six or

seven antennal joints, the prothorax (a triangular or oblong

patch on the anterior part of the disc excepted), the legs

(the femora in part excepted), and the abdomen in part,

testaceous or rufo-testaceous ; the elytra flavous, each with

a large triangular patch at the base and a rounded or sub-

angular space towards the apex (these markings connected

along the middle of the dise in one of the Beira specimens)

bluish-black ;-the head and prothorax almost smooth, the

elytra alutaceous, excessively minutely punctate. Head

narrower than the prothorax ; antennz rather stout, short,

serrate. Prothorax transverse, convex, rounded at the

sides, very narrowly margined. Elytra simply rounded at

the apex. Posterior tibia curved.

g. Anterior tarsal joint 2 raised above the base of 3;

elytra with the apical margin tumid and lJamellato-truncate,

angularly projecting externally, the tumid space not pre-

ceded by a deep sinuous groove as in /. dunbrodensis ;

pygidium testaceous.

Var. 2. The elytral markings black and connected

down the middle of the disc, the head and prothorax wholly

rufo-testaceous.

Length 2,4-2,°5 mm.

Hab. 8S. Arrica, Salisbury, Rhodesia [type], Beira [var. ]

(Dr. Marshall: ix. 1900, x. 1908).

the African Species of Ebseus. ; 223

Two ¢ fd andone ? of the Rhodesian form, two 2? 2 from

Beira. Exactly like /. dunbrodensis, Pic, but with the

apices of the elytra differently shaped in the 3; the basal

patch on each elytron triangularly extending backwards and

sometimes coalescent with the subapical one along the

middle of the disc. There is no tendency in these examples

to approach J. martini or its var. natalensis, Pic.

7. Ebeus albogutiatus, sp. n.

2. Moderately elongate, robust, rather convex, widened

posteriorly, shining, clothed with fine scattered pubescence

intermixed with long, semierect, black, bristly hairs ; rufo-

testaceous, the outer joints of the antennz more or less

infuscate, the head (a posteriorly-biangulate flavous space

in front excepted), scutellum, and metasternum black; the

lateral and basal margins of the prothorax and the elytra

(the reddish apex excepted) white or yellowish-white,

each elytron with a very large triangular, apically-produced

basal patch (reaching the suture) and a broad, angulate,

subapical fascia, these markings narrowly coalescent down

the middle of the disc, black ; the wings fusco-variegate ;

the head and prothorax almost smooth, the elytra closely,

finely (at the base more strongly) punctured. Head nar-

rower than the prothorax ; antenne short, not very slender,

subserrate. Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides.

Elytra moderately long. Legs rather stout.

6. Antenne longer; anterior tarsal joint 2 rather stout,

long, nigro-pectinate along the entire outer edge; elytra less

dilated posteriorly, each deeply excavate before the tip, the

apical margin obliquely thickened, produced, bidentate, the

suture bearmg a stout blackish spiniform process within

the cavity.

Length 33-4 mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. 8. Arnica (Mus. Cape Town) ; Namwala [iii. 1913]

and Namwazi [vi. 1914], N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman).

Thirteen specimens, including four males. Near #.(Mizis)

rufithoraz, Pic, the black elytral markings narrowly coales-

cent down the middle of the dise (leaving sharply-defined

whitish patches), the antenne shorter ; the elytral apices of

the ¢ obliquely polished, bidentate, deeply excavate, nigro-

spinose within,

Nee

Mr. G. C. Champion on

8. Ebeus ornatipennis.

Attalus (2) ornatipennis, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 77

(gd 2) (1900) ".

¢. Anterior tarsal joint 1 very short, 2 elongate, pro-

longed over 3 above, nigro-pectinate along the entire outer

edge and tip; intermediate tibiz simple; elytra transversely

excavate at the apex, the suture of each elytron bearing

before the tip a long, erect, compressed, apically-ciliate

appendage, which is armed with a triangular tooth at the

middle behind, the sutural angles slightly produced, up-

turned, and dentiform.

Hab. Ruovesta, Salisbury* (Mus. Brit., Mus. Durban:

gd 2), Mwengwa (H. C. Dollman: 138. xii. 1913, 1. v. 1914: 2).

Thirteen specimens seen, all 2 ¢ but two. The elytral

appendages of the g were not described by Gorham, though

very similar to those of his EZ. (Aéttalus) ridens. The anterior

tarsi in the same sex are formed as in the similarly-coloured,

much larger /. (Mizxis) simoni, Ab. The black subapical

annulus is complete in the 2 , and open posteriorly or horse-

shoe-shaped in the g. The black basal portion of the head

is triangularly produced in front on each side between the

eyes.

9. Ebeus crassicauda, sp. nu.

3. Moderately elongate, widened behind, shining, sparsely

clothed with fine pubescence intermixed with longer bristly

hairs; testaceous, the basal half of the head, the scutellum,

and metasternum black; the lateral and basal margins of

the prothorax and the elytra yellowish-white, each elytron

with a large, triangular, backwardly-produced basal patch

and an outwardly-extended triangular patch beyond the

middle (the latter not reaching the suture), these markings

coalescent down the middle of the disc, and a small tri-

angular sutural spot before the tip, black ; the head and

prothorax almost smooth, the elytra finely punctulate.

Head nearly as wide as the prothorax; anteune rather

slender, serrate. Prothorax transverse. Elytra somewhat

produced at the apex, transversely excavate before the tip,

the suture of each bearing a long, stout, compressed, hooked

appendage immediately behind the subapical spot, the

sutural angle sharply produced. Anterior tarsal joint 2

nigro-pectinate along the outer edge.

the African Species of Ebzeus.

Length 33 mm.

Hab. S. Arrica, Leslies, near Umtali, Manica (Dr. Mar-

shall : 25. x. 1897).

One male. Of the same general coloration as E. (Mala-

chius) consobrinus, Boh., the head more broadly testaceous

in front; the elytra with a small additional spot before the

tip, and the large patch preceding it subtriangular and not

extending so far backward, the puncturing more distinct;

the g-appendages stout, and abruptly hooked or angulate

as seen in precfile.

10. Ebeus bicaudatus.

Urodactylus bicaudatus, J. Thoms. Archives Ent. ii. p. 80, t. 1.

tigs. 5, 5a (¢)* (1858).

Attalus (Mixis) bizonatus, Ab. de Perrin, Rev. d’Ent. xix. p. 177

(1900) (¢)*.

6. Anterior tarsal joint 2 extending over 3 above, nigro-

pectinate at the tip ; intermediate tibiz simple; posterior

tibiz sinuate, slightly infuscate in the middle, and nigro-

maculate at the tip; elytra with the subapical nigro-

violaceous fascia extending for some distance down the

suture, the apices transversely excavate and each with a

long, compressed, concave appendage arising from near the

suture, the appendages abruptly constricted beyond the

middle, and with the apical portion curved downwards,

hook-like, and pointed at the tip.

@. Antenne shorter, feebly serrate ; elytral fasciz trans-

verse.

Hab. W. Arrica, Gaboon’ (type of Thomson), Sierra

Leone (Mus. Brit.: ¢ 2), Dakar, Senegal* (¢ype of Abeille

de Perrin, 3).

The British Museum: possesses a pair of this species,

acquired in 1858. Thomson’s enlarged figure of the elytral

appendages is misleading (they are not 3-segmented as

shown by him), and he does not mention or show the

sinuate, nigro-maculate posterior tibiz of the male, a

character noted by Abeille de Perrin. The antenne are

testaceous and sharply serrate. The base of the head is

black. EH. (Urodactylus) uncipennis, Pic (1903), from San

Thomé, is an allied insect with differently-marked elytra.

ll. Kbéeus maculipes, sp. n.

@. Elongate, widened posteriorly, shining, clothed with

scattered pallid pubescence intermixed with long, erect,

226 Mr. G. O. Champion on

black, bristly hairs ; testaceous, the margins of the pro-

thorax and the elytra whitish, the latter with a basal and

subapical fascia nigro-violaceous ; the head and prothorax

almost smooth, the elytra finely punctured and sometimes

(in immature specimens) with two raised lines on the disc.

Head narrower than the prothorax ; antenne short, rather

slender, feebly serrate. Prothorax broad, transverse, rounded

at the sides, the margins dilated posteriorly. Elytra a little

wider than the prothorax. Posterior tibize feebly curved.

¢. Antenne longer and more strongly serrate; anterior

tarsal joint 2 projecting over the base of 3, nigro-pectinate

along the apical margin; posterior tibiz curved, arcuately

dilated at the base within, and nigro-maculate at the apex ;

elytra subparallel, the apices excavate and strongly angulato-

appendiculate, as in the same sex of KH. bicaudatus.

Var. 1. Narrower, the basal half of the head, the front of

the prothorax (owing to the covered base of the head showing

through the transparent chitin), and two coalescent triangular

spots on the disc at the base, black; the other characters

(S 2?) asin the type. [Rhodesia.]

Var. 2. The base of the head to a variable extent black,

the metallic basal fascia of the elytra hollowed behind, the

subapical one somewhat curved, narrow or incomplete ; the

other characters (¢ ¢) as in the type. [Rhodesia and

Masai Reserve. |

Length 3-4 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. 8. Arnica, Kashitu, north of Broken Hill (A. C.

Dollman: xii, 1914, 1.1915: 8 2), and Salisbury, Rhodesia

(Dr. Marshall: ix.1900; 8), Port Natal (ew coll. Fry: 8,

type), Frere (Mus. Cape Town: 2); E. Arrica, Masai

Reserve (Capt. Luckman: 4.111.1914: 2).

Three ¢ 6, four ? ¢, the pair from Natal, which are

similarly coloured, being taken as the types, the three males

agreeing in structure. . maculipes is the eastern repre-

sentative of EH. bicaudatus, Thoms. (= bizonatus, Ab.),

differing from it in the shape of the posterior tibie of the ¢;

the elytral appendages are similarly shaped in the two

species.

12. EKbeus ridens.

Attalus ridens, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 356 (¢)

(1901) ‘.

gd. Anterior tarsal jomt 2 prolonged over 3, nigro-

pectinate at the tip; intermediate tibiz simple; elytra

the Afriean Species of Ebeus. 227

transversely excavate and plicate at the tip, the apices sub-

angularly produced, the suture of each elytron bearing a

long, compressed appendage which is furnished with a down-

wardly-eurved, hook-like pencil of hairs at the apex, and

also with a small angular prominence before the angle.

Hab. Ruopesia, Old Umtali in Mashonaland’ (Dr.

Marshall).

There are two g ¢ and one ? of this species in the British

Museum. It may be known from £. (Mizis) rufithoraz, Pic,

and other very similarly coloured insects by the red head

and under surface, and the elongate appendages of the

elytra, these being nearly as long as in the same sex of

E. bicaudatus, Thoms. The subapical black patch is broad,

transverse, and subcresecentiform. Gorham compares his

insect with Philhedonus (Anthocomus) felix, which has simple

4-jointed anterior tarsi in ¢.

13. Ebeus exquisitus.

Attalus (Mixis) eaquisitus, Ab. de Perrin, Rey. d’Ent, xix. pp. 164,

176 (1900) (3 2)?

6. Antenne short, subserrate; anterior tarsal joint 2

extending over 3 above, nigro-pectinate at tip; elytra

deeply excavate at the apex, the excavation preceded by the

flattened, apically-constricted, pointed, porrect appendage

arising from the suture of each elytron, the sutural angle

somewhat pointed as seen from above, raised and subfolia-

ceous as seen in profile.

Hab. 8. Arrica, Hebron, near Kimberley’ (¢ypes of

Abeille de Perrin), Salisbury, Bulawayo, and Umfuli River

(Dr. Marshall), Caia, Zambesi (H. Swale), Mwengwa and

Namwala, Rhodesia, Livingstone, Zambesi (H. C. Dollman).

The long series of this species before me includes several

males. A rufo-testaceous insect; the elytra subopaque,

with a small triangular spot on each side of the scutellum,

and a common, irregular, X- or H-shaped mark extending

across the disc to near the outer margin, black, the apex

and a humeral patch red, and the rest of the surface (like

the basal margin of the prothorax) whitish. The ¢ type

has been lent me by Dr. Péringuey.

EL. (Mixis) michaelseni, Pic (1914), from Omaruru, S.W.

Africa, is an allied form.

14. Ebeus sudanicus, sp. n.

9. Elongate, widened posteriorly, shining, sparsely

228 Mr, G. C. Champion on

clothed with short bristly hairs; testaceous, the prothorax

rufescent, whitish along the basal margin, the elytra with

three large whitish patches—one common, elongate, lanci-

form, extending down the anterior half of the suture, and

one, somewhat rounded, on the dise of each elytron beyond

the middle—the two post-median spots enclosed by a pyri-

form nigro-fuscous annulus which extends inward to the

suture and narrowly and obliquely forward to the base in

one specimen, the scutellum, metasternum, and abdomen

slightly infuscate ; the head and prothorax almost smooth,

the elytra closely, very finely punctured. Head a little

narrower than the prothorax, the latter strongly transverse ;

antenne subserrate, rather short; elytra moderately long.

Length 24 mm.

Hab. Supan, Wad Medani (H. H. King: 381. iii. 1920).

Two females, found “on cotton.’ Smaller than the S.

African E. exquisitus, Ab., amenulus, Boh., etc., the elytra

each with a large, pyriform, blackish, post-median annulus,

which is continued obliquely forward to the base in one

specimen, so as to partly or entirely enclose three large

whitish patches.

15. Hbeus confluens, sp. n.

?. Elongate, rather narrow, widened posteriorly, shining,

the elytra in great part opaque, clothed with fine pubescence

intermixed with long, erect, blackish hairs ; the head, the four

or five outer joints of the antenne, a median vitta on the

prothorax (sometimes reduced to a spot at the apex), the

scutellum, and metasternum black, the rest of the prothorax

rufescent, with the lateral and basal margins yellowish-white,

the antennal joints 1-6, the abdomen, and the legs wholly or

in part (the intermediate and posterior femora, and some-

times the tibiz also, often in part black or infuscate), testa-

ceous ; the elytra with a common oblong or oval spot on the

suture below the base, an oblong space on each side of it

externally and a subapical patch running forward along the

suture, whitish or flavous, the rest of their surface (a reddish

space at the tip excepted) black; the head and prothorax

almost smooth, the elytra closely, finely punctulate. Head

narrower than the prothorax ; antenn rather short, mode-

rately serrate. Prothorax broader than long, obliquely

narrowed posteriorly. Elytra moderately long.

dg. Antenne much longer, more sharply serrate ; anterior

tarsal joint 2 produced over 3, nigro-pectinate at tip; elytra

the African Species of Ebeus. 229

less widened posteriorly, transversely excavate and obliquely,

bilamellately produced at the tip, the lower lamella forming

a hook-like upward dilatation of the sutural angle.

Var.? havilandi, n.—Antennal joint 1 infuscate above ;

prothorax with a broad anteriorly-dilated black median vitta;

elytra opaque, black, with four sharply-defined white spots—

two on the suture and one on each lateral margin. ( ?.)

Length 24-3 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. N.W. Ruopesia, Kashitu, N. of Broken Hill [vi.,

vii. 1915], Mwengwa [vil., viii. 1913, v. 1914] (H.C. Doll-

man: type); Navan, Estcourt (Haviland, in Mus. Cape

Bown: 9 var.)’

Two ¢ 6, five? 2, three with complete vitta on the pro-

thorax and the legs (the anterior pair excepted) partly black.

The Natal form is perhaps specifically distinct. Smaller,

narrower, and less robust than LZ. alboguttatus, the apices of

the elytra differently shaped in g ; the appendages, too,

are short, compared with those of 2. consobrinus, Boh.

16. Ebeus consubrinus.

Q. Malachius consobrinus, Boh, Ins. Caffr. i. 2, p. 464 (1851) 1.

6. Smaller, narrower, and less robust than EZ. alboguttatus,

the general coloration similar, except that the antennz are

testaceous, the tips of the posterior tibie are sometimes

infuscate, and the subapical black fascia of the elytra is not

emarginate on the middle of the disc behind ; elytra closely,

minutely punctate, transversely excavate at the tip, the

suture of each of them bearing a very long, narrow, pointed,

downwardly-curved appendage towards the apex and a

slender dentiform process above the apical angle; legs

slender; anterior tarsal joint 2 nigro-pectinate at the tip.

¢. Antenne shorter.

Var. Head with the base only black ; the elytra with the

elongate basal portion of the black mesially-constricted

dorsal stripe narrower, leaving a rufo-testaceous humeral

patch, the former sometimes completely separated from the

subapical fascia.

Length 22-3 mm.

Hab. 8, Arrica, Chirinda, Mashonaland (Dr. Marshall:

x1. 1901: ¢), Malvern, Natal (Mus. Durban: 8 2), Mfon-

gosi, Zululand (Mus. Cape Town: ¢ ), Gariep River'.

Various specimens from the above-quoted localities seem

to be referable to EL. consobrinus, Boh., the type ( ¢ ) of which,

captured in the Gariep River district, has a rufo-testaceous

230 Mr. G. C. Champion on

head. The form with a reddish humeral patch and the head

black at the base approaches H. (Miwis) exquisitus, Ab.,

amenulus, Boh., and ¢ransvaalensis, Pic (1911); it was

found at Malvern and in Zululand. The much smaller size,

the very fine elytral puncturing, and the long apical ap-

pendages in ¢ distinguish EL. consobrinus from FE. albo-

guttatus, the last-mentioned character and the testaceous

antenne separating it from EH. confluens.

17. Ebeus argus.

3. Attalus (Mizxis) argus, Ab. de Perrin, Rey. d’Ent, ix. p. 51

(1890) *.

é. “Elytra ...ad apicem laciniata et plicata, ubi plicatura duo-

bus angulis instructa, toto apice flayo.” [Ab. de Perrin. ]

?. Elongate-subtriangular, shining, clothed with sparse

pubescence intermixed with jong erect hairs; testaceous,

the head (a subtriangular patch in front excepted), elytra

(except a common oblong-oval patch ou the suture below

the base, an elongate mark at the sides in line with it, but

extending forward to beneath the humeri, a large subtrian-

cular spot on the disc near the apex, and a triangular patch

at the apex itself, which are flavous or testaceous), meta-

sternum, and abdomen in part, black ; the head and pro-

thorax very sparsely, minutely, the elytra somewhat closely

and strongly, punctate. Head small, bi-impressed in front ;

antennz rather short, serrate. Prothorax transverse,

rounded at the sides, the margins explanate and obliquely

convergent posteriorly. Elytra elongate, broader at the

base than the prothorax, rapidly widening to near the apex,

the latter rounded.

Length 44 mm.

Hab. Axsysstnta} (Raffray, ex coll. Sharp).

There is a ? of this species in the British Museum. The

elytral markings resemble those of Hedybius formosus,

Reiche, except that there is an additional flavous subapical

spot on the dise of each elytron.

18. Hbeus albopartitus, sp. n.

3. Elongate, rather broad, shghtly widened posteriorly,

the elytra opaque, the rest of the surface shining, clothed

with fine pubescence intermixed with long, blackish, bristly

hairs ; head black, pale yellow in front, the black basal portion

triangularly extending forward on each side anteriorly ; the

prothorax rufescent, the expanded lateral and basal margins

the African Species of Ebseus. 231

flavescent ; the scutellum and two very large subquadrate

patches on each elytron (the basal one longer than broad,

the other shorter, neither of them reaching the suture or

outer margin) black, the rest of the elytra, the rufo-testa-

ceous apex excepted, white; the antenne, legs, and

under surface (the black lateral portions of the meso- and

metasternum excepted) testaceous ; the head and prothorax

almost smooth, the elytra densely punctulate. Head a little

narrower than the prothorax, transversely grooved between

the eyes; antenne serrate, rather stout. Prothorax trans-

verse, obliquely narrowed posteriorly. Elytra flattened on

the disc, transversely excavate, plicate, and explanate at the

apex, the sutural angle obtusely foveate within. Anterior

tarsal Joint 2 rather long, produced over 3 above, nigro-

pectinate along the entire outer edge. Ventral segment 6

cleft down the middle.

Length 4 mm.

Hab. EK. Arnica, W. shore of Lake Nyasa, between

Domira Bay and Kotakota (Dr. Neave: x. 1910).

One male. A remarkably distinct form with two large,

subquadrate, black patches on each elytron, the rest of their

surface (the tip excepted) white.

19. Ebeus simoni.

Aittalus (Mixis) simont, Ab. de Perrin, Rev, d’Ent. xix. pp. 164, 176

(1900) (3 2)’.

?. Elongate, robust, rather broad, widened posteriorly,

shining, clothed with fine pubescence intermixed with long,

erect, blackish setze ; rufo-testaceous or testaceous, the basal

half of the head, the scutellum, and under surface (the abdo-

men excepted) black, the anterior portion of the head, the

basal and lateral margins of the prothorax, and the elytra

whitish, the elytra each with a large subquadrate spot or patch

at the base (not reaching the suture or outer margin), and a

horseshoe-shaped mark towards the apex, black; the elytra

densely, rather strongly, the head and prothorax sparsely,

extremely minutely punctate. Head narrower than the

prothorax, feebly bi-impressed between the eyes ; antenne

moderately long, rather slender, joints 4-10 obconic. Pro-

thorax broader than long, rounded and explanate at the

sides, and also explanate at the base. Elytra wider than

the prothorax, conjointly rounded at the apex. Legs stout.

é. Antenne a little longer, joints 5-11 infuscate at the

tip In one specimen ; anterior tarsal joint 1 short, 2 elon-

232 Mr. G. C. Champion on

gate, extending over 3 above, and with a conspicuous black

comb extending along the entire outer edge and tip ; inter-

mediate tibiz twisted, arcuately dilated and closely ciliate

near the base within ; elytra subparallel, the apices triangu-

larly produced, excavate, the suture of each elytron bearing

a short, compressed, sub-bidentate, ciliate appendage before

the rather acute angle.

Length 444 mm. (6 2.)

Hab. 8. Arrica, Hebron, near Kimberley? (types of Adeille

de Perrin) ; Lichtenburg, Transvaal (Dr. Brauns); Salisbury

and Bulawayo (Dr. Marshall), and Namwala, Rhodesia

(H. C. Dollman).

Redescribed from seven specimens, including four ¢ @,

captured at various dates between November and March.

The type has been lent me by Dr. Péringuey. Larger and

more elongate than HF. rufithorax, var. rhodesianus, Pic, and

very similarly coloured, except that the subapical black

patch is horseshoe-shaped as in /. ornatipennis, Gorh., 2 ;

the ¢ with twisted, basally dilated, intermediate tibiz, and

the apices of the elytra appendiculate and triangularly

produced.

20. Ebeus inermipennis.

? Attalus (Mixis) inermipennis, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. xxv. p. 3

(d) 917)"

Extremely like HE. simoni, Ab., the head broadly testa-

ceous or whitish in front in both sexes; the black basal

patch on the elytra oblong, concave within, reaching the

scutellum in front, the subapical patch arcuate.

3g. Anterior tarsal joint 2 elongate, produced over 3 above,

with a black comb extending along the entire outer edge ;

intermediate tibisxe simple ; elytra very deeply, transversely

grooved at the apex, the apices themselves broadly subtrun-

cate, tumid, and somewhat explanate, the groove bordered in

front near the suture by a short transverse plica.

Length 4-45 mm. (6 2.)

Hab. S. Avrica, Port Natal! (type of Pic), Headlands,

Mashonaland (Dr. Marshall: xi. 1897).

A pair from Mashonaland seem to be referable to this

species. H. (Mlixis) inermipennis, in Pic’s ‘ description

abrégée,” is compared with EL. ridens, Gorh., and the elytral

apices of the ¢ are said to be “ tumefactis, non spinosis.”

the African Species of Hbeeus. 233

21. Hbeus sinuatipes, sp. n.

Elongate, rather broad, widened posteriorly, shining, the

elytra subopaque, sparsely, finely pubescent with scattered,

erect, black, bristly hairs intermixed; rufo-testaceous, the

head (the auterior margin excepted) and metasternum black,

the margins of the prothorax whitish, the elytra flavous,

each with two large black patches—the basal one trans-

versely subquadrate, the subapical one broad, arcuate,

neither reaching the suture, but both extending to the outer

margin; the head and prothorax sparsely, minutely, the

elytra densely, finely punctate. Head, antennz, prothorax,

etc., as in £. simoni, Ab.

d. Anterior tarsal joint 2 extending over 3 above, nigro-

pectinate gt tip; intermediate tibize sinuate within, arcuately

dilated near the base; elytra each with a tumid, oblique,

sinuate, concave area at the apex, the swollen portion pre-

ceded by a short transverse groove extending across the

suture, the apices narrowly truncate.

Length 33-33 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. S. Arrica, Melsetter, Mashonaland [type], and

Upper Tongaat, Barwon, Natal (/r. Marshall: x., xii. 1901).

One pair. Very like H. ridens, Gorl., and LE. inermipennis,

Pic; the elytral apices of the ¢ are tumid and without

appendages as in the latter, and the intermediate tibiz in

the same sex are sinuate within, but less strongly so than

in #, simoni, Ab.

22. LMbeus rufithorax.

Attalus (Mixis) rufithorax, Pic, L’Kchange, xx. p. 83 (gd 2) (1904)’.

3. Head black (as in 3); antenne moderately long,

feebly serrate ; anterior tarsal joint 2 extended over 3 above,

nigro-pectinate at tip; intermediate tibiz simple; elytra

truncate and transversely excavate at the apex, the depres-

sion limited exteriorly by a stout conical tubercle.

Var.? Head broadly testaceous in front (@ ).

Attalus (Mixis) rufithorax, var. rhodesiana, Pic, op. cit. xxiii. p. 131

(2) (1907) ?.

Hab. 8. Arrica, Dunbrody* (Mus. Cape Town, Mus. Brit.),

George, Cape Colony (Vr. Brauns: 9), Bedford, Cape

Colony, and Malvern, Natal (J/us. Durban), Mwengwa,

Rhodesia? (H. C. Dollman: 15.iv.1914: var., 2).

Four ¢ ¢ from Dunbrody are before me, as well as others

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 16

234. Mr. G. C. Champion on

of the same sex from Bedford and Malvern; two ? 2 from

Rhodesia are doubtless referable to the variety named by

Pic. ‘This imsect has the general coloration of KH. ridens,

Gorb., except that the head is partly or wholly black ; the

basal black patch on each elytron is large and reaches

the suture, and the subapical one arcuate, showing a

tendency to form an incomplete annulus in one of the two

females from George.

23. Ebeus ephippiatus, sp. n.

?. Elongate, widened posteriorly, the elytra opaque, the

rest of the surface shining, finely pubescent, with longer

semierect hairs intermixed ; black, the antennal joints 1-6,

prothorax (a transverse dark space in front and the whitish

lateral margins excepted), tarsi, and tibiee (the posterior pair

at the apex only), and the anterior and intermediate femora

in part, testaceous; the elytra each with a complete, oblique,

suturally-widened, ante-median fascia, and a common oval

spot before the apex (the latter connected with a testaceous

spot at the sutural angle),whitish ; the head and prothorax

almost smooth, the elytra alutaceous and excessively minutely

punctate. Head bi-impressed in front; antenne short,

slender, subserrate. Prothorax transverse, small, convex,

rounded at the sides, much narrowed behind, the lateral

margins explanate posteriorly. Hlytra rather long, becoming

convex towards the apex. Legs slender; posterior tibiz

curved.

Length 23 mm.

Hab. S. Arrica, Dunbrody (Mus. Cape Town).

One ?, captured in December 1912 on Mimosa. A

sharply maculate form with the elytra marked very much as

in the Natal insect named by Pic HL. (Anthonomus) martina,

the latter having an opaque, broader, and more narrowly

margined prothorax. The variable EH. dunbrodensis (ante

No. 5), specimens of which are before me, is also somewhat

similar. Till the ¢ is found, EH. ephippiatus cannot be

located with certainty.

24. Hbeus bonnefoit.

? Attalus (Mixis) bonnefoii, Pic, Mélanges exot.-entom. xxv. p. 8 (¢)

(1917).

Hab. S. Arrica, Transvaal (type of Pic), Sterkfontein

(H. P. Thomasset, in Mus. Brit.: 3), Howick, Natal (J. Cre-

goe, in Mus. Durban: & ).

the African Species of Kbeeus. 235

Four females before me seem to belong here. They have

the black patches on the elytra larger—the anterior one sub-

triangular and nearly reaching the suture, and the curved

subapical one angulate in front and extending downward

exteriorly behind. . bonnefoii is probably a variety of

E. inermipennis, the head being black at the base in both

insects; but till the ¢ is found they are best treated as

distinct.

25. Hbeus quadrisignatus, sp. n.

?. Moderately elongate, widened posteriorly, shining,

clothed with fine pubescence intermixed with long, erect

hairs; testaceous or rufo-testaceous, the lateral and basal

margins of the prothorax and the elytra pale yellowish or

whitish, the basal half of the head, the scutellum, two large

patches on each elytron—one basal, triangular (extending

inwards to the suture), the other oblique, subangulate ante-

riorly, on the dise towards the apex (reaching the outer

margin, but not the suture)—and the metasternum black ;

the head and prothorax almost smooth, the elytra closely,

very finely punctured. Head much narrower than the

elytra ; antennz short, serrate. Prothorax broad, strongly

transverse. LElytra moderately long, at the base not wider

than the prothorax.

Length 24-3 mm.

Hab. Ruopesta, Old Umtali, Mashonaland (Dr. Marshall:

Keel: LOZ).

Gilliree 9 2. Smaller than E. rufithorax, Pic, the elytra

more shining, the black subapical patch oblique, not emar-

ginate behind, the anterior one triangular, the head testa~

ceous in front.

26. Ebeus quadrinotatus, sp. n.

@. Larger and more robust than H. quadrisignatus ; the

head black to the anterior margin, transversely depressed or

excavate in the middle between the eyes; the prothorax a

little less transverse, obliquely narrowed posteriorly; the

elytra each with two very large nigro-violaceous spots—one

basal, transverse, rounded or ‘subangulate behind, the other

on the dise towards the apex larger, rounded, ‘extending

outwards to the lateral margin ; the metasternum black ; the

intermixed erect hairs on the upper surface long, blackish.

Length 33-4 mm.

Hab. 8. Arrica, Malvern, Natal [type] (Dr. Marshall:

LGs

236 Mr. G. C. Champion on

11. 1896, vii. 1903); Mpanzi Mioti (Mus. Durban) ; Seymour,

Cape Colony (lus. Cape Town).

Five females, precisely similar, and best treated as speci-

fically distinct from EH. quadrisignatus, in the absence of

males of either of them. HH. (Attulus) transvaalensis, Pic

(1911), type also 9, not identified amongst the material

before me, is said to have the subapical black mark in the

form of a sinuate fascia, and it must therefore be different

from EH. guadrinotatus.

27. Ebeus zonarius, sp. n.

?. Elongate, rather broad, shining, thickly clothed with

very long, erect, black bristly hairs intermixed with fine

pubescence ; testaceous, the basal half of the head, the

metasternum, scutellum, and two very large patches on each

elytron—one triangular (reaching the suture), the other in

the form of a very broad, anteriorly-rounded, subapical

fascia (not quite reaching the suture or outer margin)—

black, the rest of the elytra yellowish-white ; the head and

prothorax faintly punctulate, the elytra densely, very finely

punctured. Head narrower than the prothorax; antennz

rather slender, moderately long, subserrate. Prothorax

broader than long, obliquely narrowed posteriorly, the lateral

and basal margins rather broadly explanate and reflexed.

Elytra widened posteriorly.

Length 33 mm.

Hab, Axsysstnta (Raffray, ex coll. Sharp).

One female. This species is coloured like the Nyasa

E. albopartitus, except that the large black basal patch on

the elytra is triangular and extended inwards to the suture,

and the subapical one is less elongate. The elytra, too, are

more shining and the antennze not so stout. H. zonarius

cannot be identified with any of the allied Abyssinian forms

described by Abeille de Perrin in 1890, four of these having

nigro-trimaculate elytra.

28. Hbeus nyasanus, sp. ni.

9. Elongate, slightly widened behind, shining, sparsely

clothed with fine pubescence intermixed with longer bristly

hairs ; testaceous, the head to the anterior margin (the

labrum pale flavous), scutellum, and metasternum black ;

the lateral and basal margins of the prothorax and six spots

or patches on the elytra—one, common, elongate-oval, ex-

tending down the suture below the base, one on each side in

the African Species of Kbeus. 237

a line with it (running forwards along the outer margin),

one, rounded, on the disc of each towards the apex, and a

common transverse apical patech—yellowish-white or flavous,

the rest of the elytral surface brownish-black ; the head and

prothorax almost smooth, the elytra densely, finely punctate.

Head nearly as wide as the prothorax ; antennz rather short,

serrate. Prothorax broader than long, obliquely narrowed

posteriorly. Hlytra moderately long.

Length 3-35 mm.

Hab. E. Arrica, Nyasa (Mus. Brit.).

Two specimens. Differs from the allied southern and

Rhodesian forms with longitudinally-confluent black mark-

ings in having a rather large, rounded, additional whitish

subapical spot on each elytron. The elytra themselves are

doubtless excavate aud appendiculate in ¢.

29. Ebeus amenulus.

2. Malachius amenulus, Boh. Ins. Caffraria, i. 2, p. 463 (1851).

Hab. 8S. Arrica, Natal.

A co-type of this insect, communicated by Dr, Sjéstedt,

agrees with FE. (Miais) exquisitus, Ab., in having a red head ;

but it has the elytral markings more like those of EH. crassi-

cauda and FE. consobrinus, the black mesially-constricted

dorsal stripe extending forward to the base (leaving the

humeri testaceous) and inward to the suture beyond the

middle.

30. Hbeus tetrazona, sp. n.

?. Rather broad, widened posteriorly, moderately elon-

gate, the elytra opaque, the rest of the surface shining, finely

pubescent, with longer, semierect, black, bristly hairs inter-

mixed; rufo-testaceous, the antennal joits 5-11, palpi, base

of head broadly, scutellum, two large transverse patches on

each elytron (one basal, the other subapical, not reaching

the suture or outer margin), posterior tibiz, tarsi in part,

metasternum, and abdomen in great part, black; the head

and prothorax almost smooth, the elytra closely, finely,

rugulosely punctate. Head much narrower than the pro-

thorax ; antenne short, sharply serrate from joint 5 onward.

Prothorax convex, transverse, obliquely narrowed posteriorly.

Elytra moderately long, with a smoother, somewhat convex

area at the apex. Legs rather stout.

Var, ¢. Smaller and less robust; the head at the base,

238 Mr, G. ©. Champion on

and the outer joints of the antenne, very slightly infuscate ;

the legs testaceous, the intermediate femora at the base, and

the posterior femora with the basal half or more, black; legs

more slender.

Length 3-4 mm.

Hab. Ruovesta, Salisbury (Mus. Cape Town : 23. ix. 1915; «

Dr. Marshall: x. 1900 ; var.).

Four 2 9°, the two larger ones selected as the types. Not

unlike #. (Attalus) ridens, Gorh. The elytra leas shining

and with the black subapical patch transverse, instead of

arcuate. J. nigrofemoratus, the § of which has pectinate

antenne, is also somewhat similarly marked, except that it

has the post-median spot large and rounded. Inthe Durban

Museum there is a small 9, taken at Upper Tongaat in

1901, with the head, antennze, and legs black, and the sub-

apical mark very large and rounded, that may belong to the

same species.

31. Ebeus cavicauda, sp. n.

3d. Moderately elongate, rather broad, the elytra opaque,

the rest of the surface shining, very finely pubescent with

longer semierect hairs intermixed ; the eyes, base of the

head, scutellum, metasternum, and abdomen in great part,

black, the antennze, the rest of the head, prothorax, and legs

wholly testaceous, the elytra olive-green, with the excavated

apices black ; the head and prothorax almost smooth, the

elytra alutaceous and extremely minutely punctate. Head

rather broad, flattened in front; antenne long, strongly

dentate from joint 4 onward. Prothorax transverse, ex-

planate and strongly rounded at the sides, much narrowed

posteriorly, at the middle distinctly wider than the base of

the elytra. Elytra moderately long, parallel at the base

and somewhat arcuately widened posteriorly, the apices

rather broadly produced, deeply, transversely excavate, sepa-

rately rounded at the tip, the cavity smooth and shining

within. Anterior tarsal joint 2 rather long, extending over

3 above, nigro-pectinate along the oblique apical margin;

posterior tibize strongly bisinuate.

Length 3 mm.

Hab. S. Arrica, Grahamstown (O'Neil, in Mus. Cape

Town).

Onemale. Separable from E. conigerus, 8 (ante No. 1),

by the olive-green opaque elytra, the longer, dentate, testa-

ceous antenna, the relatively broader, explanate prothorax,

” the African Species of Ebzeus, 239

the black scutellum, the non-dentate, excavate, produced

apices of the elytra, and the bisinuate posterior tibie.

32. Hbeus ramicornis.

. Anthocomus ramicornis, Boh. Ins. Caffr. i. 2, p. 469 (1851) 1?

. Attalus africanus, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 26 (1904) ?P

. Ebeomorphus ramicornis, Pic, l.c. p. 28%.

. Ebeomorphus natalensis, Pic, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1917, p. 235+.

Oy O5 4005

6. Antennz long, flabellate ; elytra with the apex rufo-

testaceous, excavate, and bilamellate ; anterior tarsal joint 2

nigro-pectinate at the tip.

9. Antenne shorter, serrate; elytra wholly metallic.

Length 24 mm. :

Hab. Natau t+, Malvern, E. London (Mus. Durban, Mus.

Cape Town: & 2), Zululand (ex coll. Fry: 2).

Specimens of the two sexes of this insect have been sent

me by Dr. Péringuey and Mr. C. Barker. Boheman’s type

(3) is described as having black elytra, with the apex rufo-

testaceous, that of Pic (3) being metallic, except at the tip,

the diagnoses agreeing in other respects. The black patch

on the dise of the prothorax varies in development, and in

the 2 it is sometimes reduced to a large spot in front. The

numerous ¢ examples before me agree with Pic’s description

of that sex; the 2 might easily be mistaken for an Aftalus.

33. Ebeus dichrous, sp. n.

?. Rather short, broad, much widened posteriorly, shin-

ing, finely sericeo-pubescent ; head (the eyes excepted), the

antennal joints 1-5 in part (1 nigro-lineate above, and 6-11

more or less infuscate), prothorax, and legs (the slightly

infuscate tarsi excepted) testaceous, the elytra cyaneous, the

scutellum, metasternum, and abdomen piceous or black ;

the head and prothorax almost smooth, the elytra very

finely, rather closely punctate. Head broad; antennz long,

serrate from joint 5 onward. Prothorax strongly transverse,

much wider than the head, rounded at the sides, the margins

somewhat expanded. Elytra subarcuately dilated from a

little below the base, depressed along the suture anteriorly.

Length 3 mm.

Hab. Nata, Malvern (Mus. Durban).

Two ? ?, labelled as having been captured on July 25th,

1901. Larger and broader than EH. ramicornis ( ? ), the head,

prothorax, and legs testaceous. Till the ¢ is found, Z.

dichrous can be placed near that species. LZ. conigerus is a

240 Mr. G. C. Champion on *

more robust insect, and is somewhat similarly coloured.

A co-type of EH. dichrous has been placed in the British

Museum.

34, EHbeus apricus.

2. Anthocomus apricus, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 78

(1900) ',

2. Attalus sublimbatus, Pic, L’Echange, xxiii. p. 131 (1907) ?.

Var. 3. Lbeomorphus transvaalensis, Pic, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1917,

p. 235 %.

Var. 9. Ebeomorphus transvaalensis, var. rufo-apicalis, Pic, Mélanges

exot.-entom, xxv. p. 3 (1917) *.

g. Antenne long, pectinate; elytra slightly produced at

the tip, depressed and transversely grooved before the apex,

the apical portion tumid ; anterior tarsal joint 2 elongated,

reaching the apex of 3 above, and nigro-pectinate along the

outer edge and at the tip; terminal dorsal segment of

abdomen rather long, narrow, sulcate, testaceous.

?. Antennze shorter, serrate; terminal dorsal segment

of abdomen shorter and broader, black.

Hab. 8. Arxica, Estcourt’ and Frere, Natal, Salisbury,

Bulawayo? (Mus. Lrit.; Mus. Cape Town), Reenen (Mus.

Durban), Transvaal * +.

Numerous males and females seen, including a specimen

(2) of the var. rufo-apicalis, Pic. The ¢ of E. apricus has

the testaceous apical marking of the elytra extending

further forward along the suture and rather broadly con-

nected externally with the lateral patch. The elytra are

wholly black in the g named by Pic; the apex only is

rufo-testaceous in his E. rufo-apicalis. The upper surface

of the body is sparsely clothed with long hairs intermixed

with the shorter decumbent pubescence. The Natal speci-

mens (¢@ 2?) in the Cape Town Museum are labelled

Anthocomus ramicornis, Boh., which has the prothorax red,

with a black patch ou the disc.

39. Hbeus pectinimanus, sp. 0.

?. Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining, the elytra

subopaque, finely pubescent, without longer hairs inter-

mixed ; black, the elytra with a common oval space below

the base, extending down the suture to the large triangular

apical patch, and a triangular space at the sides below the

humeri, testaceous, the antenne in great part and legs (the

posterior femora, and the others at the base, excepted) also

the African Species of Ebeus. 241

testaceous ; the head and prothorax very sparsely, the elytra

densely, extremely minutely punctate. Head narrower than

the prothorax, bi-impressed in front; antenne short, serrate.

Prothorax large, convex, transverse, rounded at the sides,

narrowly margined. Elytra at the base about as wide as the

prothorax, moderately long, subparallel.

3. Antenne, legs, and the two terminal abdominal seg-

ments, testaceous, the testaceous markings on the elytra

more extended, the sutural and lateral patches broadly con-

nected with the pallid apical space ; head a little broader,

the eyes more prominent ; antennze much longer, strongly

pectinate; elytra each with an arcuate excavation towards

the apex, the apical portion somewhat narrowly produced,

raised and strongly tumid along the suture; anterior tarsal

joint 1 short, 2 elongate, reaching the apex of 3 aboye, and

with a black comb extending along the outer edge; pygidium

rather long and narrow, sulcate at tip.

Length3 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. S. Arnica, Bulawayo (Dr. Marshall: 3 ¢), Lonely,

Rhodesia (H. Swale: 9).

One 6, seven 2? 2. Very near EF. (Anthocomus) apricus,

Gorh., the elytra with a common oval testaceous space

before the middle, connected along the suture with the

apical patch ; the g with shorter, pectinate antenna, the

elytral apices more swollen beyond the subapical sulcus and

narrowly produced, and the last two abdominal segments

testaceous. E. apricus was also found at Bulawayo.

36. EHbeus nigrofemoratus, sp. n.

?. Moderately elongate, widened posteriorly, finely pubes-

cent, without long hairs intermixed, the elytra opaque, the

rest of the surface shining ; black, the three basal joints of

the antennz beneath, prothorax, elytra, tibise, and bases

of the tarsi testaceous or rufo-testaceous ; the elytra with a

common transverse patch at the base, extending narrowly

outwards to the humeri, and a large rounded spot on the

dise of each towards the apex, black; the head and prothorax

very sparsely, minutely, the elytra closely, very finely, punc-

tate. Head small, much narrower than the prothorax ;

antenne serrate, rather slender, short. Prothorax transverse,

convex, obliquely narrowed posteriorly. Elytra much broader

than the prothorax, comparatively short.

6. Antenne long, pectinate; anterior tarsal joint 2 elon-

gated, reaching the apex of 3 above, nigro-pectinate along

242 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

the outer edge; pygidium sharply suleate ; elytra obliquely

truncate and hollowed towards the sutural angle, the apices

a little smoother.

Length 3-3} mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. Nata, Frere and Estcourt (Dr. Marshall: x. 1892,

ix. 1896, 1. 1897).

Three ¢ ¢, three 9 9. Not unlike Z. apricus, Gorh.,

but very differently coloured, the head smaller ; the elytra

without apical excavation in g, the pygidium broad, black,

and sulcate in the same sex.

Alphabetical numbered list of species of Ebeeus enumerated in

this paper ; those marked with an asterisk are treated as new.

*alboguttatus, 7. *pectinimanus, 39.

*albopartitus, 18. *quadrinotatus, 26.

arhcenulus, 29, *quadrisignatus, 25.

apricus, 34, ramicornis, 82.

argus, 17. ridens, 12.

bicaudatus, 10. *rubricatus, 3.

bonnefoii, 24. rufithorax, 22.

*cavicauda, 31. *sericatus, 6.

*confluens, 15. simoni, 19,

*conigerus, 1. *sinuatipes, 21.

consobrinus, 16. *gudanicus, 14.

*erassicauda, 9. *tetrazona, 30.

*dichrous, 33. *zonarius, 27.

dunbrodensis, 5. _ x

*ephippiatus, 23. SYNONYMS, VARIETIES, ETC.

exquisitus, 13. africanus, 32.

inermipennis, 20. bizonatus, 10.

*maculipes, 11. *havilandi, 15.

martini, 4. natalensis, 4, 32.

*nairobianus, 2. rhodesiana, 22.

*nigrofemoratus, 36, rufo-apicalis, 34.

*nyasanus, 28. sublimbatus, 34.

ornatipennis, 8. transvaalensis, 54.

: XXVI.—Deseriptions and Records of Bees—XCII.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Andrena precocella, Cockerell, 1917.

Col. C. G. Nurse took this species in abundance at Quetta,

March 1903. The female is new, and is so unlike the male

that it requires a separate description.

2 —Length about 11 mm.

Black, with the second and third abdominal segments, and

broad apex of first, bright ferruginous ; the second segment

Records of Bees. 243

has a black spot on each side, and usually’a more or less

distinct median mark; the third segment has a variable

transverse black stain or patch; hair long, dull white, black

at extreme sides of face and on vertex ; head large and broad,

fatial quadrangle much broader than long; facial foves

narrow ; process of labrum large, broadly truncate; malar

space short but distinct; clypeus convex, ridged, polished,

with irregular coarse punctures, very few in the apical

region ; third antennal joint long and slender ; mesothorax

dull and punctured, the posterior middle more shining;

scutellum shining; area of metathorax dull, not distinctly

sculptured or defined; tegulee dark reddish. Wings clear;

stigma bright ferruginous. Legs black, inner face of hind

basitarsi with white hair. Fourth abdominal segment with

a thick white hair-band, second and third with weaker ones ;

apex with dark chocolate hair ; abdomen shining. ;

This female resembles that of A. dlerda, Cameron (which

has a very different male), but is easily separated by the

black legs and antennze, &e. The male ilerda is more like

that of A. bepartita, Brullé (antilope, Pérez).

Andrena melandura, n. n.

Andrena bipartiia, Lepeletier, 1841 (not Brullé, 1840); A. lepeletier,

Dalla Torre, 1896 (not Lucas, 1846). Algeria.

I examined a good series in the British Museum. The

male abdomen is all black, but the female has the first two

segments red.

Andrena truncatiformis, n. n.

Andrena truncata, Pérez, 1903; not A. truncata, Viereck, 1903.

N. Africa.

Viereck’s paper is in Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. for December

1902, issued March 20, 1903. I believe it has priority.

Andrena heteropoda, sp. n.

2 (type). —Length about 10 mm.

Rather robust, black, with the hind tibize and basitarsi (but

not the small joints of tarsi, or the other tibize and tarsi) light

ferruginous ; head and thorax with white hair, not very

dense or long, but abundant and clear white at sides of face ;

no tooth or tubercle at base of mandibles ; process of labrum

bidentate ; clypeus flattened, dull, with fine punctures, and

no smooth median line; flagellum obscurely brownish

beneath ; third antennal joint about 400 microns long, the

244 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Deseriptions and

fourth and fifth each about 175 (the proportions about as in

A. clarkella); mesothorax dull, very inconspicuously pune-

tured, with a median groove; scutellum shining, with very

fine scattered punctures; area of metathorax dull, without

evident sculpture, poorly defined; tegule dark reddish.

Wings hyaline, faintly dusky ; stigma amber-colour, ner-

vures pale fuscous; b.n. going basad of t.-m.; first rn.

joining second s.m. considerably beyond middle. Legs with

white hair, tinged with golden on inner side of tarsi ; tibial

scopa abundant and pure white. Abdomen dullish, without

evident sculpture (there are excessively minute punctures) ;

segments with narrow white hair-bands, reduced to lateral

patches on first, broadly interrupted on second, slightly or not

on third and fourth ; apical hair white, faintly stained with

brownish around the plate; second segment depressed

hardly a third. The facial fovez are broad, white, stained

with brownish at upper end.

$ .—Length about 85 mm.

More slender, with all the tibia and basitarsi black ; face

with abundant white hair (no black at sides) ; clypeus black,

shining and distinctly punctured, with a median ridge on

upper part; mandibles red at end, simple at base ; cheeks

ordinary, hairy; flagellum obscurely brown beneath ; third

antennal joint scarcely longer than fourth (proportions about

asin A.nigriceps) ; abdomen rather more shining.

Quetta, India ; numerous specimens of each sex taken by

Col. C. G. Nurse. One male is dated July 1903.

The female resembles A. wilkella, Kirby, but is less robust,

with head not so broad, and sides of face with pure white

hair. In the table in ‘ Apide Europese’ it runs out at 188,

and the male runs to 160; but the species is very distinct

from A. soror, L. Duf. A. anonyma, Cam., has a similar

dull mesothorax, but differs by the broad second s.m. and the

brilliant white bands of abdomen, those of heteropoda being

rather inconspicuous, though clear white. A. anonyma has a

red clypeal mark, wanting in heteropoda.

Andrena cryptodonta, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 9 mm.

Black, including the mandibles, antenne, and legs; head

and thorax with pure white hair, abundant on face and sides

of metathorax; inner tooth of mandibles sometimes red ;

just above base of mandibles, behind, is a small rounded

dentiform tubercle; process of labrum emarginate ; clypeus

very hairy, indistinctly punctured, with a broad median

ail

Records of Bees. 245

shining ridge ; facial foveee broad, white, brownish at upper

end ; third antennal joint about 300 microns long, fourth and

fifth each about 160; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with

fine easily visible punctures ; area of metathorax granular

and poorly defined, with a median tuft of white hair over-

lapping it; tegulee dark reddish. Wings clear, apical margin

faintly brownish; stigma dull ferruginous bordered with

fuscous, nervures fuscous ; b. n. falling short of t.-m. ; second

s.m. rather narrow, receiving first r.n. about middle. Hair

of legs white ; tibial scopa rather short and stiff, white, with

a reddish stain below the knee-plate; spurs pale red. Abdo-

men shining, with distinct but minute punctures; segments

with rather broad pure white hair-bands, on first segment

reduced to a patch on each side, on second broadly inter-

rupted, on third and fourth entire ; hair at apex white, faintly

stained with brown; second segment depressed about two-

fifths,

The type is from Peshin, India, April 1903 (Nurse); in

U.S. National Museum. I have another from Quetta, April

1903 (Nurse).

A neat little species, which runs in ‘ Apidee Europese’ to

197, and runs out. It also runs out in my MS. tables of

Indian species. The hind tibiz are shaped about as in

A. varians, but the insect resembles A. dorsata in the abun-

dant hair of posterior part of thorax.

Morawitz described fifty-two species of Andrena from

Turkestan. Of these I found only tenuis and turkestanica in

the British Museum. The latter appears to be widespread, as

there is a specimen at Oxford from Egypt. <A. tenuis has

been found at Peshin and A. cussariensis at Kohat ; but, with

these exceptions, we have not been able to find the Mora-

witzian species in the Indian region.

In the Caucasus and Transcaucasus is another long series

of Andrena with little in common with the Turkestan or

Indian faunee. It thus appears that, except for a few wide-

ranging species, Andrena in Asia shows very strong local

endemism.

Andrena flavipes, Panzer (fulvicrus, Kirby).

Many specimens of both sexes collected by Col. Nurse in

Kashmir, 6000-7000 ft., April and May 1901. There is also

a ? from Simla, Sept. 1898. Perkins found the species

double-brooded in England. Morawitz records this species

from Turkestan, and I am unable to separate the Indian

form. ‘The Indian female, compared with flavipes from Gray,

246 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

France (André), does, indeed, differ in the pure white

(instead of yellowish) abdominal bands and the distinctly

darker wings; it also differs in the presence of dark hair on

the thoracic dorsum. But a form of flavipes from Algeria,

received from Vachal, has the differential characters of the

Indian specimens, though the hair of the thoracic dorsum is

shorter. The Indian male is like that from France.

Mixed with the series I found two males of Colletes reticu-

lata (Cam.) from Simla, Sept. 1898 (Nurse).

Anthidium nurse, sp. n.

3 (type).—Length about 14 mm.

Closely allied to A. manicatum (L.), to which it exactly

runs in F'riese’s tables, but differing thus :—Markings cream-

colour instead of orange; dorsum of thorax much less hairy ;

a pale supraclypeal band and no black marks at upper end of

clypeus ; abdominal segments 1 to 6 each with four distinct

widely separated spots; lateral apical teeth of abdomen

stouter, with broad base. ‘The type-specimen has two widely

separated occipital spots and large elongate marks at upper

end of cheeks ; markings of mesothorax confined to two small

spots in front and a short band over each tegula; axille

black ; scutellum with two small marks; stripe on anterior

tibia broken; the two median spots on first abdominal

segment very small.

&, var. optimum, nov.—Marks on upper part of cheeks

large, cuneiform, connected with occipital band, which is

interrupted in middle; mesothorax with a pair of slender

curved discal stripes, and lateral bands continuous in front

with bands which are enlarged at end and abruptly truncated

at a point in line with end of discal stripe; axilla and a very

broad band at each side of scutellum cream-colour ; abdominal

spots larger, the lateral ones square, lateral spots on sixth

segment connected with median; band on anterior tibiz

entire. Collected Feb. 1902.

? .— Length about 10 mm.

Ventral scopa white. Differs from A. manicatum thus :—

Markings cream-colour; abdominal segments 1 to 5 each

with four large spots, 6 with two spots; clypeus entirely pale

except narrow lower margin ; a continuous band from middle

of cheeks across occiput, and a small stripe on lower part of

cheeks ; mesothorax with a pair of discal stripes ; markings

on scutellum larger; hair at sides of metathorax pure white ;

femora without red ; tarsi densely covered with pure white

hair on outer side ; dorsum of thorax almost bare.

Records of Bees. 247

In Friese’s table this runs to the vicinity of A. tesselatum

and A. dalmaticum, but is not related to these species.

Deesa, India; 2 g and 5 @ collected by Col. C.G. Nurse.

The type of var. optimum is in the U.S. National Museum.

Melitta cameroni (Cockerell).

Andrena caroli, Cam. (preoccupied), was altered to

cameroni. Ool. Nurse has kindly given me a pair from

Simla, Aug. 1898, at the same time pointing out that the

species belongs to Melitta. It is remarkable for the sub-

triangular shape of the third submarginal cell, which is much

contracted above, with the oblique outer side nearly straight.

Nomia taprobane (Cameron).

Halictus taprobane, Cam., from Ceylon, is a Nomia, as

shown by the type in the Rothney collection.

Nomia garrulus (Cameron).

Halictus garrulus, Cam., from India, is a Nomia; I saw

the type in the Rothney collection.

The following table separates three male Noma described

by Cameron as /Zalictus (all have the tegulee testaceous or

reddish and the mesothorax dull) :—

Larger; abdomen claviform ; hind basitarsi yel-

Weal WiANEL Gp thevatcleusr ee 0 diel mela aleleiy) «ca'e.9* pulchriventris (Cam.).

Smaller ; postscutellum covered with white to-

mentum.

Face broad; hind tibize pale red; bind tarsi

OBYAD A Sry CULO iat. celal oa.) dy seiaee se garrulus (Cam.).

Smaller; hind tibiz dark fuscous, paleat end. taprobane (Cam.).

Sphecodes dissimulandus (Cameron).

Hlalictus dissimulandus, Cameron, from India. ‘Type in

Rothney collection.

Male, with abdomen dark red ; second s.m. very narrow ;

flagellum thick, moniliform.

Sphecodes invidus (Cameron).

Halictus invidus, Cam., from India. Type in Rothney

collection.

Male, with abdomen red at end of first and whole of second

248 Descriptions and Tecords of Bees.

segments ; flagellum moniliform ; face broad, covered with

white hair ; mesothorax very coarsely and densely punctured ;

area of metathorax with very coarse sculpture.

Habropoda fulvipes, Cameron.

Type ¢ in Rothney collection.

Clypeus keeled ; first two abdominal segments ferruginous,

the others black.

The male placed with it is a Thrinchostoma. For the true

male, see Descr. Rec. Bees, LAX XIX. p. 202.

Nomia savignyi, Kohl.

Quetta, India, July 1903 (Nurse). ¢.

Nomia flavolobata, Cockerell.

Deesa, India, April 1901 (Nurse). ¢@.

Nomia oxybeloides, Smith.

Deesa, India, June 1898, ¢ 2 (Nurse); Abu, India, 3

(Nurse).

Colletes deesensis, sp. n.

2? .—Leneth about 14 mm., anterior wing 9 mm.

In my table (MS.) of Indian Colletes this runs exactly to

CO. nurset, Cam. (from Ferozepore), and I at first took it for

that species. However, Col. Nurse gave it to me asa species

unknown to him, and it differs from Cameron’s description

as follows:—Mandibles entirely black; vertex finely rough-

ened, without distinct punctures; middle of mesothorax

impunctate ; area of metathorax polished, with irregular rugee

on upper part, not forming distinct spaces. Legs without

black hair (but this reference in Cameron is probably an

error for thick). Basal segment of abdomen fringed with

pure white lair at sides, but disc covered with dense yellowish-

tinted hair (with long hairs intermixed), leaving a rather

ill-defined partly reddened exposed band before the broad

felt-like apical band, which is tinted with ochreous, pure

white only at sides; apical segment above with yellowish-

grey hair, not at all black.

The following characters are distinctive of the species :—

Clypeus swollen, very irregularly punctured, the upper part

grooved ; labrum with a median pit and lateral sulci ; malar

space dull, nearly twice as broad as long ; antennee black ;

On the Gsophageal Teeth of the Stromateidee. 249

head and thorax densely covered with white hair, tinged with

ochreous on vertex and scutellum; tegule clear testaceous ;

wings clear, stigma ferruginous; hind femora and tibive clear

red, with much light fulvous hair; abdomen with very broad

felt-like bands. .

Deesa, India, March 1900 (Nurse).

In Feb. 1899 Col. Nurse collected a male at Deesa which

may, I think, be referred here. It is, of course, smaller

(length hardly 11 mm.) and more slender, but it has the

same general appearance. The hind femora, however, are

dark and their tibiew are strongly infuscated except apically,

while all the tarsi are ferruginous. The flagellum is dusky

reddish beneath and the malar space is longer than broad.

This male is very easily known from C. hyleiformis, Eversm.,

by the long malar space and the total lack of coarse pungtures

on the exposed parts of abdomen. ‘The face and front are

densely covered with pure white hair, and there is a fringe of

very long hair about the ocelli. The hair of the metathorax

is pure white, that of the scutellum very faintly yellowish.

Specimens of all the new forms described above will be

found in the Nurse collection at the British Museum.

XXVII.—Note on the Hsophageal Teeth of the Stromateide,

By J. D. F. Grucurist, M.A., D.Sc.

In this family of fishes certain structures, variously described

as “teeth,” ‘‘tooth-like processes,” ‘long barbed teeth,”

“internal papille beset with setiform teeth,” &c., are men-

tioned as occurring in the cesophagus. The presence of teeth,

or structures homologous with teeth, is scarcely to be expected

in this region of the alimentary tract, and is therefore of some

interest. The fact also that these “ teeth ” are found in two

large saccular outgrowths of the alimentary tract, just behind

the branchial region, is suggestive of a pair of closed gill-

slits, and is another point worthy of attention.

These toothed sacs do not seem to have been further

investigated or compared in different types, and the examina-

tion of species of Psenes, Stromateus, and Nomeus show some

noteworthy features and differences. In these, internal

papillaz——or, rather, lobes—beset with setiform structures were

found, and, in one species of Psenes and Stromateus, tooth-

like processes with barbs. The last cases present some

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 17

250 Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist on the

striking features, and may be considered first. The species

of Psenes, which was found in rather deep water off the

coast of Natal, seems to be new, and may be provisionally

called P. natalensis for convenience,

Psenes natalensis.

The cesophageal pouches are conspicuous structures lying in

the anterior end of the ccolom, apparently on the cesophagus,

just behind the pharyngeal region. In a mature specimen of

150 mm. they measure 16 mm. in length, or slightly larger

than the diameter of the eye of the fish. They measure 7 mm.

in vertical diameter. Unlike other cases, to be noted later,

they he parallel with the alimentary tract, and do not extend

below the level of its lower margin. Externally the whole

structure consists of a great thickening of the muscular layers

of the splanchnopleure. Internally it is lined by the endo-

derm, which expands out on each side dorso-laterally to form

the pouches in which the “teeth”? are lodged. It is the

nature of this endoderm and its tooth-like structures which is

in question, but the relation of this whole structure to the

branchial system may first be considered. It is in direct and

intimate connection with the fifth branchial arch, the cerato-

branchials of which are long and slender. They meet each

other ventrally at a point, where they are supported at the

end of the basal elements of the other arches. ‘There is a

small slit separating the fourth and fifth arch, and on the

Jatter there are about seven reduced gill-rakers. They pass

upwards on each side of the anterior end of the cesophageal

sacs, which they thus support. They are continued dorsally,

as small epibranchial elements, directed forwards to very

large well-calcified pharyngo-branchials, which are fused

together to form a stout concave structure, in which the mass

is firmly secured. The teeth on these upper pharyngeals are

well developed, and form rounded patches, which lie in the

anterior end of the cesophageal sacs, but do not penetrate

further back, nor assume a lobed projecting form, as.they do

in types noted below. Posterior to these teeth and in the sacs

lie the cesophageal teeth.

The sacs have thick walls, in which two muscular layers

may be distinguished—an outer transverse layer and an inner

longitudinal layer. On removing these, a somewhat remark-

able appearance is presented, the whole of the exposed

surface being covered with a series of what appears to be

overlapping ‘scales , each measuring between 2 and 3mm, in

diameter. On removing one of these it was found that

Gesophageal Teeth of the Stromateidee. Zo

attached to its centre was one of the tooth-like processes

which line the interior of each sac, and it was at first supposed

that the placoid nature of the teeth was thus evident. On

further examination, however, no lines of growth were seen

in the scale, it was unaffected by acid, and, on boiling in

caustic potash, it was seen to be made up of a somewhat

f'mm.

One of the tooth-like processes of the cesophageal sacs of

Psenes natalensis.

reticulate fibrous sheet of clear horny-looking tissue. Towards

the periphery this substance was homogeneous, and near the

centre fibres could be seen passing upwards to form the long

“tooth” (text-fig. 1). On its upper two-thirds there were

short offshoots, each capped with a hollow, sharp, curved

spine, the longest being about °33 mm, They thus differ

Lis

252 Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist on the

markedly from the pharyngeal teeth, which form a small

part of the inner lining of the sac at its anterior end.. They

bear a close resemblance to the gill-rakers, which in this fish

are well developed. One of these, which was cut and treated

in the same way, showed the same structure. It was 2°89 mm.

in length ; the spines were not, however, slightly curved, as

in the cesophageal teeth. The conclusion arrived at is that,

in this case, some of the teeth of the cesophageal sacs are

teeth of the upper pharyngeals, most of them, however, being

homologous with gill-rakers probably arising as an extension

backwards of the epithelium of the last gill-arch.

Stromateus capensis.

The cesophageal sacs in this species form an almost

spherical mass, about 17 mm. in diameter in a fish 200 mm.

One of the tooth-like processes of the cesophageal sacs of

Stromateus capensis. Magnification the same as Fig. 1.

in length, or one and a half times the diameter of the eye.

It is nearer the branchial region than in the last case, and is

ba ed o>

(Esophageal Teeth of the Stromateide. 253

supported mainly by the epibranchial and pharyngo-branchials

of the fourth gill-arch. The toothed upper pharyngeals are

not rounded patches, but are in the form of two ridges which

project backwards and end in pointed free extremities pro-

jecting into the opening of each sac. There are a few reduced

anterior gill-rakers on the fifth branchial arch, and the

opening of the cesophageal pouch is immediately behind the

gill-arch, so that there is a more apparent transition between

the gill-rakers and the cesophageal teeth, which might there-

fore be readily interpreted as the posterior gill-rakers of the

fifth branchial arch. These teeth are apparently of the same

nature’as in the last case. There is a marked difference,

however, in their basal expansion, for they are firmly fixed

in the muscular wall of the pouch, not bya circular scale-like

structure, but by a number of root-like processes, which are

more or less curved at their pointed extremities (text-fig. 2).

Psenes (Atimostoma, Smith; Cubiceps, Gtinther) capensis.

The cesophageal sacs of this species do not, as in P. nata-

lensis, lie parallel with the cesophagus, but more or less across

it, following the general contour of the branchial arches.

They thus project below the level of the cesophagus. They

are closer to the branchial arches, and are mainly supported

by the fourth. The most noteworthy difference is the

greater development of the toothed upper pharyngeals.

These, in the first arch, are poorly developed, and have

no teeth, those of the second have a small patch of teeth,

those of the third are well developed, and those of the

fourth extend backwards as large toothed lobes into the

cesophagus, past the openings of the two cesophageal pouches.

The pouches are provided with rounded toothed lobes or

papilla similar to the pharyngo-branchials of the fourth

arch. The long horny processes resembling gill-rakers are

entirely absent in this species, and the inner lining of the

cesophageal sacs seems to be entirely derived from a backward

extension of the tooth-bearing epithelium of the superior

pharyngeals. This epithelium can readily be distinguished

from the cesophageal epithelium, which in this and some other

species of the Stromateide is characterized by longitudinal

foldings. These extend forward on the floor of the cesophagus

between the sacs, and pass over the lip of the sac but not

into it.

Nomeus gronovit.

In this fish the cesophageal sacs follow still more closely

954 On the Gsophageal Teeth of the Stromateide.

the general direction of the branchial arches. As in the last

case, the toothed epithelium of the upper branchial elements

projects backwards as a stout lobe into the cesophagus, between

the opening of the sacs, and is followed by several series of

smaller lobes which line the interior of the sac, as in Psenes

capensis.

Material was not available for the further examination of

this and other types, which would no doubt throw further

light on the structure and homology of these sacs, which we

may, however, reasonably conclude, from the above evidence,

are not strictly cesophageal, but are derived from an extension

backwards of pharyngeal epithelium in the form of two

pouches. There seems to be at least two distinct types, in

which the lining of the sacs is derived from the toothed

epithelium of the pharyngo-branchials, and the other in

which it is derived from the raker-bearing elements of the

gill-arch. The-distinction may also prove to be of systematic

importance, in which case species resembling Psenes capensis

would be generically separated from species resembling

P. natalensis in respect of the nature of their cesophageal

teeth,

The origin of the conspicuous paired saccular outgrowths

lined by pharyngeal epithelium is of interest, as they may

date from atime in the phylogeny of the Teleosts when the

gill-slit behind the fifth branchial arch began to close up, and

may now be all that remains of this gill-slit. ‘Their develop-

ment and further comparative study of their structure in

various groups (they also eccur in the Tetragonuridee) might

throw some light on this point. Certainly in Nomeus they

bear a striking, if superficial, resemblance in position to a

gill-slit.

~The physiological significance of the “cesophageal teeth

which are found in these fishes is of interest, and has doubtless

some connexion with the nature of their food. ‘The teeth of

the jaws are poorly developed, and in some there are gill-

raker-like structures below the pseudobranchie. -It is known

that some feed on meduse. Nomeus—the well-known

Portuguese man-of-war fish—is said to find protection from

its enemies by hiding under the poisonous tentacles of the

Portuguese man-of-war Physalia, and perhaps securing the

jackal’s share of its food; but it may be suspected that its

object there, among medusve- producing gonophores as well as

poisonous tentacles, is not such an innocent one. The nature

of the food may again be associated with another peculiar

feature, well developed in some. Pores are described as

occurring on the surface of the body, and these, when traced

On the Genitalia of (Ancistrocephalus) polypteri. 255

into the underlying tissue in a species of Centrolophus from

deep water at the Cape, were found to lead into a, network of

wide dermal canals, extending over the body, and filled with

a viscid oily substance. The Cape “ butter-fish ”—Stroma-

- teus capensis—is highly prized for its fine flavour, while the

Centrolophus referred to produces some kind of sickness or

gastric disturbance when eaten—facts which have been noted

in other members of the Stromateide.

XXVIII.—A short Description of the Genitalia of (Ancistro-

cephalus) polypteri, Leydig, 1853. By A.J. Hesse, B.Sc.*

THe Cestode Aneistrocephalus polyptert parasitic in the

intestine of Polypterus bichir was found by Dr. Leydig of

Wiirzberg in 1853. He described the scolex, but, as his

specimens were either not mature or were the anterior portions

of the Cestode, he was unable to give an account of the :

genitalia. No further account has since appeared. This

description is made from material obtained from Professor

Leiper’s collection. The material was rather limited and

preserved in formalin solution. There were present two

different kinds of worms. ‘T'wo were Cyclophyllids, and the

rest, consisting of a few pieces of sexually mature proglottides,

a few knotted seements, and two heads with about 9 to 15 cm.

of strobila, were used by me to give this description.

External Appearance.

The worms showed a dirty white colour in the preserving-

fluid. As the worms were not complete, a definite length

cannot be given.

The scolex was about 1 mm. long and °5 mm. broad.

Superficially it was club-shaped, with an anterior blunt and

rounded margin.

There was present a crown of hooks in the form of four

radiating groups. These were situated on four weil-marked

ridges. Each group had six claw-like hooks connected by a

web-like structure (fig. 1).

Between the ridges passed down four shallow grooves,

which are probably sucking-grooves. These were not well

developed at all.

* Fyom the Helminthological Department, London School of Tropical

Medicine.

256 ' Mr. A. J. Hesse on the

When viewed from the top the head resembled a cross,

with the groups of hooks on the four corners. |

The head was followed by a thin neck, the length of which

varied in the two specimens. In one it was 2 mm. in length,

WY re

SSS SSS S :

X SN . =: SS weak bc Ser Ss

ISSN Se Daa hounuk ashes eee WE

‘ WSS = - = Sk . eae

WAR S SS eee re

A x SS Re <

res

eae

in the other it was shorter. Posterior to the neck followed

a string of long, round, and thin segments resembling fine

sewing-cotton. This stretch of segments was about 2° cm.

long in one specimen. Still more posteriorly the segments

broadened out—however, nowhere more than 2 mm, (fig. 2).

Genitalia of (Ancistrocephalus) polypteri. 257

The chain, taken as a whole, showed certain peculiarities.

Certain stretches of proglottides were narrow and long,

These were followed by “island ’’-like broad stretches, where

the segments were shorter and more numerous—two to three

Fig. 2.

Uterine

Uterus

| (full of eggs):

Fig. 3;

pore.

(with eggs).

Ovary.

cae

ESE)

PTS

Posterior.

to the militmetre. Generally the segments were 1 mm. long.

In the “ripe” proglottides the dorsal surface was convex and

the ventral flat—a condition brought about by the bulging

uterus.

Internal Anatomy.

The specimens were stained in hematoxylin. A few

transverse sections were made. In both cases, however, the

greatly developed uterus obscured most of the structures.

258 Mr. A. J. Hesse on the

I was able, by examining several transverse sections, to con-

struct a transverse section representing the position of the

genitalia. In the figure the genital pore and ovary are, of

course, not in the same plane, but put in for convenience’

sake (fig. 3).

Fig. 4.

.~)

Uterus

[full of e995).

Ventrea/

side,

~ Uterus

ah (with eggs).

7 sp Bree R83 C% _E ==

Latera/ { Be . 0 a)

canal,

JTestes.~XK *

Yolk

G/2NATS,

Testicles—The testes were found to be distributed in the

lateral regions of the segments, and more or less dorsally. I

was not able to trace any ducts.

Ovary.—In every case the ovary was found to be situated

at the posterior margin of each segment. It occupied a

Genitalia of (Ancistrocephalus) polypteri. 259

linear position, and was grape-like. Near the middle of the

ovary I was able to identify a more darkly stained globular

shell-gland. ‘The ovary is medial, posterior, and ventral in

each segment (fig. 4).

In a few segments [ was able to trace a thick duct, which

I believe to be the vagina, From the stained specimens

nothing more was recognizable. From a few transverse

sections indications of a coiled condition were visible (fig. 3).

The genital opening was ventral and median. The pore

was surrounded by muscles, and the deeply stained area under

it suggested a cirrus.

I found no separate opening for the vagina, so I concluded

it opened together with the cirrus into a genital atrium

(fig. 4).

Uterus.—The uterus appeared to be sac-like and distended.

In every segment it was located more dorsally, causing a

bulging ” of the dorsal surface.

It was situated, now on the right of the genital pore, with

its convexity to the right, and now to the left, with the con-

vexity to the left. This condition alternated irregularly. In

nearly all my stained segments and transverse segments the

uterus was distended and filled with eggs. In some of the

stained segments the beginnings or “ aulagen”’ of the uterus

showed up as stained curves either to the right or to the left

of the genital pore. There was a separate uterine pore in

every ripe segment. This aperture was situated at the ante-

rior portion on the ventral surface, and displaced slightly to

the left or to the right of the genital pore and the median

line—a condition depending upon the position of the uterus

(fig. 5).

Vitelline Glands.

These were confined to the lateral fields of the segments,

and more or less in parallel rows. ‘Transverse sections

showed them to be situated near the dorsal and ventral

surfaces respectively (fig. 4).

Lateral canals were visible as two longitudinal stained lines

in the immature segments. In the sections they were not

always visible, as they were small. In some they appeared

laterally as two narrow ducts. I was unable to trace any

transverse canals either in the stained segments or in the few

sections,

Chalk bodies were visible, especially in the sections, as

numerous refringent granules in the body-wall.

260 A Subdivision of the Genus Uromys.

XXIX.—A Subdivision of the Genus Uromys.

By OupFieLp THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THe genus Uromys, which ranges from the Moluccas through

New Guinea and the Solomon Islands to North Australia,

has long been known to fall naturally into two very distinct

groups. These have been by myself spoken of as the large

species allied to U. macropus and the small ones allied to

U. bruijnii. Now, however, in connection with the working

out of some New Guinea mammals, I have had occasion to

examine them more closely, and find that the differences

are such that these groups may very well be treated as genera.

In addition, the remarkable species U. sapientis of the Solomon

Islands would seem also to deserve generic separation.

The three genera may be distinguished as follows :—

A. Skull with projecting zygomatic plate. Bullee

very small, little inflated. Mesopterygoid fossa

broad anteriorly, the palatal edge level with or

behind m’.

a. Size large, hind foot 52 mm. and upwards,

skull-length 60 mm. and upwards. Tail

long, commonly with contrasted white tip.

Palatine foramina very short, their length

not more than the distance from their hinder

end tom’. Back of palate behind level of

hinder edge of m°. Incisors very deep in

proportion to their breadth, the depth of the

lower ones equalling the combined breadth

of the pair. Palate-ridges, where known,

consisting of a large number (12 or more) of

fine interdental ridges *, besides the usual

predental ridg@osts cis. 2 ates ewes eelneiee mete I. Uromys, Peters.

Synonym: Gymnomys, Gray.

Genotypes of both names: U. macropus t, Gray.

Range: New Guinea, Aru Islands, and N. Queensland.

Species described: anak, aruensis, macropus, multiplicatus, nero,

papuanus, rothschildt, scaphax, validus. e

é, Size smaller, the largest with hind foot 45 mm.

and skull 51 mm., but the majority far

smaller. Tail usually shorter than in

Uromys, though oceasionally long, either

wholly black, or lighter below, but not known

* As figured by Jentink, ‘ Nova Guinea,’ v. pl. xvi. fig. 6.

+ Palmer erroneously gives celebensis as the genotype of Gymnomys ;

but a reference to P. Z. 8. 1867, p, 597, paragraph 5, will show that the

genotype is “ Mus maeropus.”

New Mammals from New Guinea ke. 261

to have an abruptly white tip. Palatine

foramina not so short as in Uromys, their

length approximating to once and a half the

distance from their hinder end to the molars.

Mesopterygoid fossa broad anteriorly; back

of palate about at level of m°. Incisors nor-

mal, not specially deep in proportion to their

breadth, the depth of the lower ones not

equalling the combined breadth of the pair.

Palate-ridges, where known, consisting of

about 5 or 6 interdental ridges in addition to

the simple predental ones* ...... mele Arid is II. Melomys.

Genotype: M. rufescens + (Uromys rufescens, Alst.).

Range: Melanesia in a broad sense—from the Talaut Islands

and Moluccas through New Guinea to the Solomon Islands,

and southwards to North Australia.

Species described: erosus, arcium, bruijnit, calidor, caurinus,

cervinipes, fraterculus, fulgens, gracilis, leucogaster, levipes,

lorentzt, lutillus, melicus, mollis, moncktoni, murinus, musa-

vora, muscalis, naso, obiensis, platyops, porculus, rufescens,

stalkeri, talaudium.

B. Skull with zygomatic plate scarcely projecting.

Bulle comparatively large, inflated. Meso-

pterygoid fossa narrowed anteriorly to a point,

which is level with the hinder edge of m?.

a. Size of the single species rather large. Tail

- medium, wholly black. Palatine foramina

about as in Melomys. Incisors broad and

stout, the lower ones not deep in proportion

to their width. Palate-ridges not known .. III. Solomys.

Genotype and sole species: S. sapientis (Uromys sapientis, Thos.).

Range: Solomon Islands only.

XXX.—New Mammals from New Guinea and neighbouring

Islands. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

By the kindness of Dr. W. K. Dammerman of Buitenzorg I

have been entrusted with the examination of the considerable

number of Papuan mammals in the Museum under his care,

the majority of them coming from recent expeditions to New

Guinea, notably that of 1920 to the Mamberano-Idenburg

region of N. New Guinea, carried out by Mr. W. C.

van Heurn.

* As figured by Jentink, tab. cvt. fig. 3.

+ Chosen because I happen to be able to check the number of palate-

ridges in one of the typical specimens.

262 Mr. O. Thomas on new Mammals from

A full list of the mammals will in due course appear in

‘Nova Guinea,’ but in the meantime it seems advisable to

publish preliminary diagnoses of the new forms.

By the generosity of the authorities at Buitenzorg, the

types of the new species are presented to the British Museum.

Nyctimene celeno, sp. n.

A large species related to JV. aed/o, with similar broad

dorsal band, but rather smaller, and of browner coloration.

Forearm 83 mm. Skull, greatest length 36°5.

Hab. North New Guinea.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 22. 2. 2. 2.

Rattus mordax tramitius, subsp. n.

Like true mordaw, but colour blackish grey, without fulvous

suffusion.

Head and body 175 mm.; tail 170 ; hind foot 35°5. Skull-

length 41:5.

Hab. Doormanpad-bivak, N. New Guinea (W. C. van

Hleurn).

Type: Female. B.M. no. 22. 2.2.13. Original num-

ber 86.

Rattus cenorum, sp. n.

Like R. mordaz, but larger, stouter, with heavier feet and

skull.

Head and body 207 mm.; tail 230; hind foot 44. Skull-

length 47.

Hab. Pionier-bivak, Mamberano River ( W. C. van Heurn).

Type. Male. B.M. no. 22. 2.2.19. Original number 26.

Rattus bandiculus, sp. n.

A clumsy, heavily built rat, still larger than cw@norum.

Head and body 252 mm. ; 1 tail 220; hind foot 49; skull-

length 54.

Hab. Pionier-bivak, aie River (W. C. van Heurn).

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 22. 2. 2. 22. Original num-

ber 25.

New Guinea and neighbouring Islands. 263

Stenomys * arrogans, sp. n.

A medium-sized species, with a remarkably swollen brain-

case.

Head and body 120 mm.; tail 125; hind foot 25°5.

Skull, length 34, breadth of brain-case 15°5.

Hab. Doormanpad-bivak, 2400 m. (W. C. van Heurn).

Type. Female. B.M. no. 22. 2. 2.24. Original num-

ber 196.

Melomys rattoides, sp. n.

A large species, with close glossy fur and long slender

skull.

Head and body 210 mm.; tail 160; hind foot 41. Skull-

length 48°5.

Hab. Mamberano River (W. C. van Heurn).

Type. Male. B.M. no. 22. 2.2.25. Original number 22.

Melomys lanosus, sp. n.

A soft-haired species, rather smaller than rattoides. Colour

ereyish.

Head and body 175 mm.; tail 143; hind foot 36°5.

Skull-length 42.

Hab. Doormanpad-bivak (W. C. van Heurn).

Type. Female. B.M. no. 22. 2.2.27. Original num-

ber 190.

Melomys rubex, sp. n.

Size small. General colour rufous. Under surface washed

with pale rufous-grey, no hairs white to the base.

Skull slender, smooth, not ridged.

Head and body 132 mm. ; tail 130; hind foot 29. Skull-

length 34:2.

* A new genus related to Stenomys is :—

NESOROMYS, gen. noy.

Genotype: NV. ceramicus (Stenomys ceramicus, Thos, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (9) vi. p. 425, 1920).

Distinguishable from Stenomys by long narrow muzzle; palate extended

backwards nearly halfway from back of m* to front of bulla; palatal

foramina far forward in front of molars; masseteric knob nearly halfway

up the front edge of the zygomatic plate; and with unusually formed

pterygoids.

The peculiar characters of the Ceram representative of Stenomys were

not sufficiently appreciated when I described the species, and I now

think it should form a special genus.

264 New Mammals from New Guinea kc.

Hab. Doormanpad-bivak, N.W. New Guinea (W. C. van

fTeurn).

Type. Male. B.M. no. 22. 2.2.44. Original number 90.

Hydromys esox illuteus, subsp. n.

Like esoa, but greyer and less suffused with fulvous.

Head and body 260 mm.; tail 215; hind foot 50:5.

Skull-length 48°5.

Hab. Idenburg River (W. C. van Heurn).

Type. Male. B.M. no. 22. 2. 2. 61. Original number 45.

Dorcopsis hagent caurina, subsp. n.

Like hageni, but the colour browner and the sides as dark

as the back.

Head and body 640 mm. ; tail 440; hind foot 143. Skull-

length 144.

Hab. Mamberano River (W. C. van Heurn).

Type. B.M. no. 22. 2. 2. 63. Original-number 218.

Dorcopsis vanheurnt, sp. n.

Allied to D. macleay?, but smaller and with finer, softer fur.

Head and body 390 mm. ; tail 300; hind foot 100; ear 35.

Skull-length 82.

Hab. Doormanpad-bivak (W. C. van Heurn).

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 22. 2.2.64. Original

number 16.

Pseudochirus dammermani, sp. 0.

Smallest species of the genus; allied to P. schlegehi, but

smaller, and with end of tail naked below; ears pale, not

blackish.

Head and body (young) 152 mm.; tail 173. First two

molariform teeth 6.

Hab. Dutch North New Guinea.

Type. Young. B.M.no. 22.2.2.69. Original number 89.

Peroryctes dorsalis, sp. 0.

Like P. ornatus, but the striping on head and rump praceti-

cally confined to the median line; tail almost completely

naked.

Head and body 270 mm.; tail 185; hind foot 54. Skull-

length 63.

On a new Marmoset from the Lower Amazons. 263

Hab. Doormanpad-bivak (W. C. van Heurn).

Type: Female. B.M. no. 22.2. 2.74. Original num-

ber 12.

Sminthopsis rufigents, sp. 0.

A greyish species with conspicuously red cheeks, as in the

much larger S. virginie of Queensland.

Head and body 91 mm.; tail 102; hind foot 21:3.

Skull 26:5.

Hab, Aru Islands.

Type. Female in spirit. B.M, no. 22. 2. 2. 76. Original

number XX,

AXXXIL—A new Marmoset from the Lower Amazons.

By OLpFigeLpD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AN examination of the Museum specimens of Mystaa ursulus

shows that those from the west side of the Tocantins River

are definably different trom those round Paré itself.

The new one may be called :—

Mystax ursulus umbratus, subsp. n.

Similar in essential characters to Pardé ursulus, but darker

throughout, the black shoulder-mantle extending further

down the back—to halfway between shoulders and thighs—

and the mottled part of the body grizzled finely with dull

ochraceous instead of coarsely with buffy.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 230 mm.; tail 352; hind foot 68;

_ ear 80.

Skull: greatest length 48°5; basal length 35; zygomatic

breadth 34.

Hab. Lower Amazons west of the main Tocantins River ;

type from Cameta.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 11.4. 28.4. Original

number 31. Collected 20th January, 1911, by Friulein

Dr. HE. Snethlage. Presented by the Goeldi Museum, Pard.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 18

This is no doubt the form of MM. ursulus which inhabits the

forest-region to the west of the Tocantins River, while

the Parad area to the east of that river is the locality of the

true ursulus.

Hoffmannsegg was said to have received his original

specimens from near the mouth of the Tocantins, a statement

which might give rise to confusion. But it appears that

the word Tocantins is equally applied to the broad estuary

which runs north-eastwards past Parad and the narrower

river which runs northwards, nearly at right angles to the

other, separating the district in which Cametd stands from

the true Pardé region. The latter is the home of uwrsulus, the

former that of wumbratus.

266 Generic Classification of the Taphozous Group.

XXXII.—The Generic Classijication of the Taphozous Group.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WHEN, in 1915, I wrote my ‘“ Notes on Yaphozous and

Saccolaimus ” *, and recognized the latter as a distinct genus

from the former, as had Hollister previously under another

name, I did not sufficiently weigh the characters which

separate Zaphozous nudiventris and its allies from the typical

members ot Taphozous.

On reconsidering the subject, I now think that these

remarkable half-naked bats should be separated as a distinct

genus from the ordinary hairy species, and would suggest

that the whole group might be synoptically arranged as

follows :—

A. Bulle imperfect, the inner side of each

incomplete. A radio-metacarpal pouch.

a, Frontal concave ; upper profile of brain-

case rising from it in a strong curve.

Occipital “helmet” scarcely deve-

loped. Body haired as usual. ...... I. Taphozous, Geoff.

Genotype: 7. perforatus, Geof.

b. Frontal almost flat, the cranial profile

scarcely rising above it behind. A

strongly developed occipital helmet.

* J, Bombay Soc. xxiy. p. 57 (1915).

On a new Genus of Scatopsid Flies. 267

Body partly naked behind, both above

MOAMMCLOW Aa sated ts ote eo old on bre II. Liponycteris, gen. nov.

Genotype: L. nudiventris (T. nudiventris, Cr.).

B. Bulle perfect internally. No radio-

metacarpal pouch. Body hairy ...... IIL. Saccolaimus, Less.

Genotype: S. saccolaimus (T. saccolaimus, Temm.).

Besides nudiventris, Liponycterts would contain only

kachhensis and its two subspecies—magnus, Wettstein (1914,

syn. babylonicus, Thos., 1915), and nudaster, Thos.

XXXII.—Preliminary Note on a new Genus of Scatopsid

lies from New Zealand. By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AmonG a large collectton of Tipulide recently sent me for

study by Mr. G. V. Hudson, of Wellington, New Zealand,

were several specimens of a very remarkable fly, which must

be placed in a new genus of the family Scatopside. I hope

to give a detailed account of this fly in a future paper on the

Mycetophilide, Bibionidz, and Scatopside of New Zealand,

but, meanwhile, at Mr. Hudson’s request, I offer preliminary

diagnoses of the new genus and of three new species. The

great interest of the new genus lies in the fact that its only

relative (not a very close one) is Corynoscelis—a very rare

fly, of which only a single species is known from Arctic

Europe.

CANTHYLOSCELIS, gen. nov.

Resembles Corynoscelis, Bolemann, in wing-venation and

in the strongly clubbed hind femora and curved hind tibize,

but differs as follows :—Antenne fully as long as the head

and thorax together (rather longer in g than in ? ), the joints

well separated, with short pedicels, longer than broad, and

somewhat flattened. Only two ocelli present, placed close

together some little distance behind the eyes. Club of hind

femora larger, occupying two-thirds of the segment. Claws

much enlarged at the base. the enlargement bearing a row of

fine teeth (¢ 2). Empodia present, very large, broadening

18*

268 On a new Genus of Scatopsid Flies.

apically (no pulvilli). Upper branch of the radial sector less

transverse. Costa extending well beyond the tip of Fy4,>5.

Bases of the lower branch of the media and of the anal vein

defective. Cross-vein connecting 2s with Cu meeting Cu

before the fork. Wing-membrane with numerous short

macrotrichia,

Genotype: C. antennata, sp. n.

The flies are considerably larger than any European

Scatopsid, and have some superficial resemblance to Myceto-

philide of the genus Leiomyia. Corynoscelis, on the other

hand, resembles the other HKuropean Scatopsida in size and

appearance,

Canthyloscelis antennata, sp. n.

Autenne black. Eyes in punctiform contact above the

antenne in the ¢, just separate in the 2. Thorax with

three rather distinct dark dorsal stripes, on a brownish-

ochreous ground. Male claspers rather large, pointed, the

basal half broad; ninth tergite with two sharp points. Hind

femora pale yellowish on the basal half, including the com-

mencement of the swollen portion ; apical half brown, darker

at the tip and at the junction with the pale portion. Hind

tibia brown, with a more or less conspicuous yellowish ring

occupying the middle third. First hind tarsal joint nearly

cylindrical, about half as long again as the second. Coxe

all ochreous. Wings with a conspicuous dark band near the

tip, somewhat crescent-shaped, with the convexity inwards.

Wing-length 5-6 mm.

Wellington, N.Z., in forest, 14. xi. 1920 (G. V. Hudson) ;

type and two other ¢ from Wainuiomata, also two ¢, two @

without exact data, in the British Museum ; another ? in the

Cambridge Museum,

Canthyloscelis claripennis, sp. n.

Antenne brownish on the basal half or more, black apically.

Kyes of $ separated by about the width of two ommatidia.,

Thorax indistinctly striped. Male claspers smaller than in

C. antennata, rounded apically ; ninth tergite simple. Hind

femora with the dark colour more extensive, the pale yellow

confined to the slender basal portion. Hind tibize without a

distinct pale ring in the middle. First hind tarsal joint

nearly cylindrical, about half as long again as the second.

On the Jurassic Dipteron, Platyura fittoni. 269

Coxze all ochreous. Wings perfectly clear. Wing-length

6 mm.

Type a single male presented by the collector, Mr. G. V.

Hudson, to the Cambridge Museum in 1911, and by Dr. H.

Scott to the British Museum in 1922. The specimen bears

the number 136, but no data.

Canthyloscelis nigricoxa, sp. n.

Antenne black. Eyes of ¢ just touching. Thorax

brownish, unstriped. Legs uniformly ochreous-brown except

for the paler base of the hind femora and the shining black

hind coxe. First hind tarsal joint somewhat swollen, only

about three times as long as its greatest breadth, and slightly

shorter than the second joint. Wings with a dark subapical

patch on the costa, not reaching the hind margin, Wing-

length 7°5 mm.

Type a single male presented by Mr. Hudson to the

Cambridge Museum in 1911, and by Dr. H. Scott to

the British Museum in 1922. The specimen bears the

number 136a, but no data. Mr. Hudson informs me that

his first specimen of this genus was taken at Castle Hill,

West Coast Road, South Island, N.Z., in January 1893.

This may be the specimen he refers to.

XXXIV.—A Note on the Jurassic Dipteron, Platyura fittoni,

Brodie. By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Praryvra Firronr was named and badly figured by Brodie

(Fossil Ins. pl. ii. fig. 9, 1845) from a specimen in the

British Museum from the English Purbeck rocks. In 1856

Giebel (Ins. d. Vorwelt, p. 209) proposed the generic name

Adonia tor Brodie’s figure. This name having been previously

used, Handlirsch (Fossil Ins. p. 629, 1906) proposed to

replace it by Pseudadoma. Later, Johannsen (‘ Genera

Insectorum,’ Mycetophilide, p. 84, 1908), still without

examining the type-specimen, placed Adonia and Pseudadonia

as synonyms as Mycetophilites, Forster, an Oligocene genus

for which no type-species has been named.

During a recent investigation of the fossil Culicids in the

270 On the Jurassic Dipteron, Platyura fittoni.

British Museum, I took occasion to examine the type of

P. fittoni (B.M. reg. no. In. 12753). Moreover, I was fortu-

nate enough to discover among some undetermined material

the counterpart of the type, which is in rather better con-

dition than the type itself. By a study of the two halves of

the specimen, I was able to make out the wing-venation in

some detail, as shown in the accompanying figure. Unfor-

tunately the base and tip, as well as the lower half of one

wing, are imperfect, and the second wing, which appears to

be folded on itself, shows little or no structure. The portion

of the wing preserved, however, shows clearly the tip of the

long subcosta, the three- pranclied radius, and the two-branched

media. The 7-m eross-vein appears to be situated slightly

before the fork of the radial sector, but is not very clearly

marked, The upper branch of the sector (f,,3) is long and

ends in the costa a very short distance beyond the tip of 2?,.

paeitibigcoss a

Mycetophetus (Platyura) fittoni (Brodie). Wing of type.

The venation of P. fitton? as now ascertained has no re-

semblance to that depicted in Férster’s figure (copied by

Johannsen) of A/ycetophilites. On the other hand, it agrees,

so far as it is preserved, with that of the American Miocene

genus Mycetophetus, Scudder (Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. no. 93,

p- 19, 1892). This genus was referred by Johannsen to the

subfamily Bolitophiline, but it does not fit in well with the

recent members of this subfamily on account of the long

upper branch of the radial sector, which gives it a rather

striking resemblance to some of the Anisopodide, such as

Mycetobia. The position of the 7m cross-vein before the

fork of Rs would seem to exclude Mycetophetus from

the Anisopodide, but it may, perhaps, be regarded as

an archaic form intermediate between this family and the

Mycetophilide.

2 hte

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotic Muscaride. 271

XXXV.—Exotic Muscaride (Diptera).—V.*

By J. R. Mattocu, Washington, D.C.

Subfamily Pzsowrivz.

Genus EupHAoNIA, nov.

Generic characters.—Arista pubescent ; eyes hairy; frons

of female with a strong pair of cruciate bristles; upper

orbital directed backward and outward, second directed in-

ward. Thorax with strong presutural acrostichals ; prealar

very long; prosternum, pteropleura, and hypopleura bare.

Hind tibia with calear. First posterior cell not narrowed

apically.

Genotype, the following species.

Euphaonia fulvohumeralis, sp. 0.

Female.—Metallic dark blue. Head black, opaque, orbits

and face with whitish pruinescence. ‘Thorax not vittate ;

humeri and region immediately surrounding them and a

streak from them to bases of wings reddish fulvous ; scu-

tellum slightly violaceous on dise. Abdomen unmarked.

Legs black. Wings greyish, Calyptree brown. Knobs of

halteres fuscous.

Eyes short-haired; frons one-third of the head-width ;

orbits without forwardly directed bristle at middle; para-

facial linear ; cheek as high as width of third antennal seg-

ment, the latter 1:5 as long as second segment ; pubescence

of arista not longer than its basal diameter. Thorax with

two pairs of strong presutural acrostichals; postsatural

dorso-centrals 4; posthumeral and presutural bristles dupli-

cated; scutellum not haired below; sterno-pleurals 1:2.

Fore tibia with one antero-dorsal and one posterior bristle ;

mid-tibia with about six posterior bristles ; hind femur with

about three preapical antero-ventral bristles ; hind tibia with

four or five antero-ventral setule and three antero-dorsal

bristles, calcar long, apical postero-dorsal bristle minute.

Outer cross-vein straight.

Length 6 mm.

Type, Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego, South America

(Charles Darwin).

* For Part IV., see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) viii., Oct. 1921,

pp. 414-425,

72 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Haotic Muscaride.

Genus MertopromyIa, nov.

Generic characters.—Related to Helina, R.-D. Differs in

having the pteropleura hairy, and the ventral surface of the

scutellum with fine sparse hairs as in Anthomyiine. ‘The

hind tibia has no ecalear, but there are one or two short

bristles on the postero-dorsal surface. The wing-veins are

bare and the fourth vein is not curved forward at apex. The

prosternum and propleura are bare, the prealar bristle 1s

long, there are no strong presutural acrostichals present,

the eyes are bare in both sexes, and the frons is as in typical

species of Helina.

Genotype, the following species.

Metopomyia atropunctipes, sp. 0.

Male and female.—Shining testaceous yellow. Antenne

brownish, third segment black; palpi brownish yellow,

fuscous apically. Dorsum of thorax with two faint reddish

vittze, a small blackish spot above the propleural bristle, and

a fuscous streak from humeral angle to base of wings which

extends narrowly on to dorsum and more broadly over

pleura. First tergite (sec. ver.) with a large fuscous spot on

each side, third and fourth largely infuscated in male, less

noticeably so in female. Apices of femora with a broad,

sharply defined, black band, apices of tibize less deeply in-

fuscated, their bases more or less browned ; tarsi fuscous.

Wings clear, extreme base of costa, humeral cross-vein, first

vein opposite humeral, and the base of third vein brown or

fuscous. Calyptree and halteres yellowish.

Male.—Narrowest part of frons about equal in width to

anterior ocellus, the silvery orbits contiguous at middle;

parafacial narrower than third antennal segment ; cheek

fully twice as high as width of third antennal segment ;

vibrissal angle produced well beyond base of antennee, a few

setulee above vibrisse ; longest hairs on arista subequal in

length to width of third antennal segment. Thorax with

four pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals. Abdomen ovate ;

sides of first tergite at blackened area with rather dense,

moderately long, black bristles; fifth sternite with a broad,

shallow, rounded posterior emargination. Legs slender;

fore tibia unarmed at middle; fore tarsi slender, longer than

fore tibiz, basal segment without long, slender, erect, sensory

hairs ; mid-femur with a series of fine erect hairs on basal

half or more of postero-ventral surface ; mid-tibia with two

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 273

posterior bristles ; hind femur with a complete series of

antero-ventral bristles and a series of finer bristles on basal

half of postero-ventral surface ; hind tibia with one or two

antero-ventral, two antero-dorsal, and two postero-dorsai

bristles. Outer cross-vein much curved.

Female.—Frons a little less than one-third of the head-

width, orbits narrow. Mid and hind femora lacking the

postero-ventral series of fine bristles.

Length 7-8 mm.

Type, male, and allotype, Victoria, Australia (C. French).

Genus Dimorpaia, nov.

Generic characters.—Similar to Muscina, R.-D., in general

habitus. Prosternum, pteropleura, hypopleura, declivous

postero-lateral part of mesonotum, and ventral surface of

scutellum bare. Cephalic characters as in Helina, R.-D.

Arista plumose. Hind tibia without ealcar on postero-dorsal

surface and no setulz on that surface. Anterior intra-alar

bristle present but weak in female, absent in male; scutellum

elongated, subtriangular; prealar short, but strong. Abdomen

ovate. Base of auxiliary vein, stem of veins 2+8 above and

below, and vein 3 for a variable distance beyond the furcation

setulose in both sexes, and fourth vein setulose on the

greater portion of its length above and below in female,

rarely sparsely setulose in male; fourth vein distinctly

curved forward at apex.

Genotype, Cyrtoneura flavicornis, Macquart.

One other described species known to me, Anthomyia

tristis, Wiedemann (Spilogaster latevitiata, Bigot, Anthomyia

subpunctata, Walker), belongs to this genus. It has the

antenne and palpi black or fuscous, while flavicornis has

both yellow.

Stein lists four species with the name flavicornis in his

composite genus Mydea in his recent catalogue of the

world’s species of Anthomyiidee. Not one of the species so

listed was described in that genus, and but one, flavicornis,

Coquillett, belongs to the genus Mydea in the strict sense.

I have before me specimens of ¢risfis from British East

Africa and Natal, and of flavicornis from the same localities

and from north of Mt. Kenia.

In addition to the foregoing I have what appears to be an

undescribed species of the genus, closely related to flavi-

cornis, which is briefly characterised below.

274. Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.

Dimorphia flavithorax, sp. n.

Female.—Head black, face brownish, frons with grey

pruinescence, face silvery ; antenne and palpi yellow, but not

so clear as in flavicornis. Thorax entirely yellow, the dorsum

with the vitte indicated by whitish pruinescence, which is

visible anteriorly when viewed from above and_ behind.

Abdomen yellow, largely infuscated above. Legs yellow,

tarsi brownish. Wings slightly yellowish. Calyptrz and

halteres yellow.

Frons a little less than one-third of the head-width;

longest hairs on arista about twice as long as width of third

antennal segment. Fore tibia without a median bristle ;

mid-tibia with two or three posterior bristles; hind tibia

with one antero-ventral and one antero-dorsal bristle. Apex

of first posterior cell nearly as wide as that cell at outer

cross-vein.

Length 6-8 mm.

Type, Malvern, Natal, vi. 1897 (G. A. K. Marshall). Para-

type, Masai Reserve, B.E.A., 13. v. 1913 (7. J. Anderson).

The first posterior cell in jlavicornis is much narrower at

apex than in flavithorax ; in tristis it is about as wide as in

the latter.

Heuina, Robineau-Desvoidy.

It appears to me pertinent to indicate that the above

generic name is that which covers most of the exotic

Muscaridz described by Stein as belonging to the genus

Mydea. The latter genus when limited in scope to contain

only those species which agree in characters with the geno-

type, pagana, Fabricius, is found to be confined to the

northern half of the two hemispheres—at least, so far as I

have been able to discover. The closely related genus

Myjiospila, R.-D., which is doubtfully distinct, occurs much

farther south; I have seen species of this genus from

Australia and South America. Many of Stein’s species

originally described in M/ydea do not find their true affinities

in Helina either, and new genera have been erected for their

reception, some of them in this series of papers.

Helina fuscoflava, sp. n.

Female.—UHead testaceous yellow, frons red, upper half

velvety black, orbits greyish pruinescent ; third antennal

segment black, except at base; palpi rufous. Thorax

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fxotic Muscaride. 275

testaceous yellow, with three broad brownish-red vitte,

which become fuscous posteriorly, the median one con-

tinued over dise of scutellum; pleura with a fuscous

streak on upper margin from humeri to base of wings.

Abdomen dark brown, paler on sides of tergites anteriorly,

the dorsum with slight grey pruinescence, which is most

distinct on the centre in the form of a slender vitta when

seen from behind. Legs pale yellow, apical third of each

femur and all of the tarsi black. Wings yellowish, veins

dark brown, cross-veins not noticeably infuscated. Calyptre

and halteres yellow.

Eyes bare, separated by a little less than one-third of the

head-width ; orbits narrow, frontal bristling normal; para-

facial linear ; cheek as high as width of third antennal seg-

ment, the latter about three times as long as second ; arista

plumose; palpi slender. Thorax with four pairs of post-

sutural dorso-central bristles, no presutural acrostichals well

developed, and a moderately long prealar bristle ; sterno-

pleurals 1:2. Abdomen ovate, pointed apically. Fore tibia

without median bristles; fore tarsus slender, longer than

tibia; mid-tibia with two posterior bristles; hind femur with

one preapical antero-ventral bristle; hind tibia with one

antero-dorsal and one antero-ventral bristle. Wings rather

broad, first posterior cell widened apically, last section of

fourth vein about 1°5 as long as penultimate section, the

latter not much longer than outer cross-vein.

Length 5°5 mm.

Type, Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, 3.x.1912 (A. White).

This species closely resembles Metopomyia atropunctipes,

described in this paper, in colour, the markings of the legs

being very distinctive.

Helina pellucidiventris, sp. n.

Male and female.—Head fuscous; frons, face, and cheeks

densely white pruinescent, almost silvery ; antennz entirely

yellow, third segment infuscated except at apex; palpi

luteous. Thorax densely grey pruinescent, with faintly

indicated vitte in front of suture; humeri and apex of

scutellum faintly yellowish in male, conspicuously so in

female. Abdomen testaceous yellow, opaque, with a brown

or fuscous vitta, which may be complete or incomplete, and

a pair of spots on second and another on third tergite of

same colour, and sometimes a minute pair on fourth. Legs

testaceous yellow, slightly darkened. Wings clear, yellow

276 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.

at bases, cross-veins very indistinctly clouded. Calyptrze

and halteres yellowish.

Male.—Kyes bare, separated by more than twice the width

of third antennal segment ; orbits setulose to middle, wider

than narrowest part of interfrontalia; ocellars very long ;

parafacial almost linear; cheek higher than width of third

antennal segment, the latter nearly twice as long as second

segment; longest hairs on arista as long as width of third

antennal segment. Thorax with three pairs of dorso-centrals

behind suture; prealar absent ; sterno-pleurals 2:2; hypo-

pleura bare; presutural acrostichals short but distinet; both

intra-alars long. Abdomen elougate-ovate; fifth sternite

with a rather deep excision ; basal sternite bare. Fore tibia

without a median bristle; mid-femur with a series of bristles —

on basal half of postero-ventral surface; mid-tibia with two

or three posterior bristles; hind femur with a few bristles on

apical half of antero-ventral surface and one or two shorter

bristles on basal half of postero-ventral ; hind tibia with one

antero-ventral and two antero-dorsal bristles. Outer cross-

vein slightly curved.

Female.—Frons almost one-third of the head-width at

vertex, widened anteriorly.

Length 6 mm.

Type, male, allotype, and six male paratypes, Kasauli,

North-west India (Ff. Wyville- Thomson).

Attached to one specimen is a MS. label as follows :—

“Caught in enormous numbers in houses here in the dry

hot weather. They sat quietly on walls, beds, etc., and did

not bother one, going out at sunset and coming in in the

morning.”

Belongs to the same group as duplicata, Meigen, but I

kuow of no allied species having the same habits.

Helina lucida (Stein).

Mydea lucida, Stein, Ann. Nat. Mus. Hungar. xi. p. 493 (1913).

This species and the next one belong to a group closely

allied to the preceding one, the abdomen being largely

yellowish pellucid with similar black marks, but both have

the thorax with conspicuous black marks and the eyes of the

male are more widely separated, the frons being distinctly

wider than the width of the third antennal segment. The

postsutural transverse black fascia on thorax m lucida is

entire, while in the next species it is more or less distinctly

interrupted on each side of the median line, the fascia

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 27T7

resembling three large spots. The anterior margin of tho-

racic dorsum in this species has only the submedian pair of

black spots present, while in fasciata there are four black

spots present.

Localities: three males, Benguella, Angola, S.W. Africa,

800 miles from coast, xii. 1904 (Dr. F. C. Wellman) ; one

male, Bihé, Angola, xii. 1903-111. 1904 (Dr. F. C. Wellman) ;

one male and one female, Ruwe, Congo Free State. 4 & 8. v.

1907 (Dr. A. Yale-Massey).

One of the Benguella specimens bears a manuscript-label

as follows: ‘* Very sluggish, sylvan, but often seen on out-

side of native kraals, ete.”

It is possible that this insect has similar habits to the

preceding one, and is more active after sundown than

through the day. Ordinarily the related species are—at

least in temperate regions—exceedingly active during the

daytime and are difficult to approach.

The Ruwe specimens were taken “in houses” (MS. note

attached to specimens).

Helina fasciata (Jaennicke).

Spilogaster fasciata, Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. p. 870°(1866),

Two males and one female, Lagari, B.E.A. (C. S. Betton).

No indication is given as to the habits of this species.

Genus Darwinomy1a, nov.

Generic characters.—Related to Phaonia; differs in having

the frons of the female with a pair of strong cruciate

bristles, the genital apparatus of the same sex with numerous

stiff, erect, setulose*hairs, and the hind tibia in both sexes

with several bristles basad of the calcar on the postero-dorsal

surface. From Trichopticus, Rondani, it differs in having

the hind coxe bare at apices above. From Dendrophaoniae,

Malloch (genotype querceti, Bouché) it differs in having the

forwardly directed orbital bristle absent in female and the

cheek without a strong upwardly directed bristle in the male.

The male resembles the stout forms of Tvrichopticus

(=Lasiops, Meigen) in habitus, but, as pointed out above,

there are no setulose hairs at apices of hind coxe above.

The wing-veins are bare and the first posterior cell is not

narrowed at apex.

Genotype, the following species.

278 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Evotic Muscaride.

Darwinomyta univitiata, sp. n.

Male and female.—Head yellowish red, occiput infuscated,

the interfrontalia in female red ; orbits greyish ; third an-

tennal segment slightly darkened apically ; palpi yellow.

Thorax yellowish red, mesonotum with a broad black cen-

tral vitta ; propleura below, mesopleura, and pteropleura

blackened; centre of metanotum black. Abdomen black or

fuscous, male with a luteous mark on each side of basal

(second) tergite. Legs reddish yellow, fore femora, apical

half of hind femora, and the tarsi infuscated in both sexes,

hind tibize infuscated basally in male. Wings clear, yellowish

at bases. Calyptre and halteres yellow.

Male.—Kyes short-haired, separated by little more than

width of anterior ocellus ; orbits setulose almost to anterior

ocellus; parafacials linear; cheek higher than width of third

antennal segment; arista with very short pubescence ; palpi

slender. Thorax with three pairs of very long presutural

acrostichal bristles; prealar long; postsutural dorso-central

bristles 4; hypopleura with some fine hairs on upper margin

in front of spiracle; venter of scutellum bare. Abdomen

ovate, basal sternite bare ; ventral hairs very long; hypo-

pygium small; fifth sternite with a small rounded posterior

excision. Fore tibia with one antero-dorsal and one posterior

bristle; fore tarsus slender, longer than tibia, without long

sensory hairs along posterior side of basal segment ; mid-

femur with a group of erect fine hairs before middle on

anterior surface, and beyond them the same surface is fur-

nished with microscopic erect hairs which become stronger

towards the apex, finally assuming the proportion of short

spines, same femur with two strong bristles basad of middle

and about seven weaker bristles on apical half of postero-

ventral surface; mid-tibia with four or five postero-dorsal

and four or five postero-ventral bristles ; tarsus normal, hind

femur slightly curved, with about five bristles on apical half

of antero-ventral surface, the postero-ventral surface bare ;

hind tibia curved, the calear distinct, antero-ventral, antero-

dorsal, and postero-dorsal surfaces each with a series of long

hairs, those on the antero-dorsal surface strongest, apical

postero-dorsal bristle indistinguishable. Wing slightly

pointed; outer cross-vein slightly curved.

Female.—Frons one-third of the head-width, orbits narrow;

setulee continued considerably above vibrisse. Thoracic

bristles much shorter and stronger than in male; genital

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fzotic Muscaride. 279

processes stout ; some strong but short bristles on dorsum

besides the erect stiff hairs.

Length 7-5-8 mm.

Type, male, Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, Patagonia

(J. Koslowsky). Allotype, Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego

(Charles Darwin). One female paratype, Valparaiso, Chile

(Charles Darwin).

This species is a very striking one, both as to colour and

structure. It would undoubtedly be placed in Lasiops or

Phaonia by other authors, but my recent diagnostic work on

this family has convinced me that such a course is not per-

missible, and I therefore erect for its reception a new genus

which I have dedicated to the honour of the collector of the

females above listed.

The genus Phaonia finds its greatest development in the

northern half of both hemispheres, there being comparatively

few species even doubtfully referable here in the southern

half of either, and Lasiops is entirely northern so far as I

know now.

Subfamily Lrsprvz.

This subfamily, which is distinguished from its allies by

having the palpi flattened and dilated at apex and the

pteropleura with some erect hairs in centre, as well as the

eyes widely separated in both sexes, is widely distributed,

occurring in every faunal region in the world. . There are

about 150 species described, the greater number occurring in

the Palearctic region and in Africa, while there are but four

described from South America. Only one genus is repre-

sented, but there are some very aberrant forms, if we accept

the genotype as the criterion of the genus. One of the most

aberrant species known to me [I have in this paper used as

type of a new subgenus.

Subgenus XENOLISPA, nov.

Subgeneric characters.—This subgenus differs from Lispa

(sens. str.) in having the sterno-pleura with but one bristle,

on the upper posterior angle. ‘The presence of but one pair

of postsutural dorso-central bristles and the absence of long

bristles on the postero-ventral surface of the fore femur, as

well as the distinct narrowing of the first posterior cell of

the wing, serve to distinguish the subgenus from most of the

species of Lispa.

Genotype, the following species.

280 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Hvotie Muscaridee.

Xenolispa atrifrontata, sp. u.

Female.—Black, shining. Frons black, face and cheeks

with dense white dusting, which extends on orbits a little

above the bases of antenne ; antenne black ; palpi yellow.

Dorsum of thorax and scutellum almost glossy unicolorous

black, pleura densely grey-pruinescent, opaque. Abdomen

shining black, first tergite with three faint grey-pruinescent

spots, one in centre and the others on each side of dorsum

near posterior margin; second tergite with a grey central

spot and a fainter one on each side at the middle on the

lateral curve of segment; third tergite marked as second,

but the spots much larger; fourth tergite with a grey spot

on each side of dorsum. Legs black, grey-pruinescent.

Wings hyaline, veins black. Calyptrze white. Halteres

yellow.

Ocellar bristles microscopic ; arista plumose ; parafacial

with a single series of hairs ; vibrisse of moderate length ;

antenne distinctly shorter than face. Thorax with only one

pair of dorso-centrals ; sterno-pleura with only one long

bristle; scutellum with four subequal bristles. Fore femur

with three or four short bristles at apex on postero-ventral

surface, otherwise unarmed; fore tibia without a median

bristle ; mid-tibia with one posterior bristle; hind femur

slender, unarmed ; hind tibia with one weak postero-dorsal

bristle. First posterior cell distinctly narrowed at apex.

Length 4 mm.

Type, South Queensland, Australia (Dr. 7. L. Bancroft).

Xenolispa niveimaculata (Stein).

Two specimens, Obuasi, Ashanti, Africa, 18.vil. and 17. viii.

1907 (W. ML. Graham).

Lispa nivalis, Wiedemann.

One specimen from Obuasi, Ashanti, Africa, and a series

from Zungeru, Northern Nigeria.

’

Lispa pectinipes, Becker.

One female, Obuasi, Ashanti, Africa, 18.iv.1906 (W. M.

Graham); one female, near Cairo, Egypt, 1.1902 (P, P.

Graves).

Lispa armipes, Becker.

One male, Sekondi, Ashanti, Africa, 19.1x.1906 (W. M.

Graham).

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XXX VI.—Papers on Oriental Carabidee.—V II.

By H. E. Anprewes.

In this paper I am dealing with the Indo-Chinese species of

the following genera :—Dvuplochila, Hypolithus, Dioryche, and

Miscelus. I describe six new species, and add notes on all

the other species hitherto described, together with a key

under each genus, as an aid to identification. J have had

the advantage of studying the material in the British, Paris,

and Brussels Museums, and also the extensive collections

recently made in Indo-China by Mr. R. Vitalis de Salvaza.

For the loan of various types I have to thank Dr. R. Gestro

and Messrs. Severin, Lesne, and Fleutiaux, whose kind

assistance has greatly facilitated my work.

My notes on Miscelus extend to species found elsewhere

than in Indo-China, as I found it convenient to deal with all

of them now.

Genus DrpeLocuita.

Diplochila pinodes, sp. n.

Length 26-27 mm. ; width 10°0-10°5 mm.

Black, dull above, moderately shiny beneath, the pubes-

cence of the antennz golden-yellow.

Head (4°5 mm. wide) depressed in front, surface minutely

punctate, with a few irregular striz, longitudinal at sides,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 19

282 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.

transverse on neck, two supraorbital pores, labrum small,

moderately emarginate (for the genus), clypeus deeply

emarginate, exposing basal membrane of labrum.

Prothorax a little transverse (5°75 x 7-0 mm.), contracted

much more in front than behind, base bisinuate with oblique

sides, apex emarginate, sides evenly rounded, not sinuate

behind, with a well-marked border, slightly reflexed, increas-

ing in thickness from apex to base, hind angles obtuse and a~

little rounded, basal foveze obsolescent behind, but forming

in front two deep punctures, at some distance from base,

surface covered with faint transverse striz, longitudinal

along middle of base and apex; lobes of mentum rounded at

apex, a pair of sete at the middle of the emargination, a

distinct sinus between the apex of ligula and the paraglosse,

right mandible with a strong tooth at middle, left one

edentate.

Elytra (10°0x 15-0 mm.) rather flat, very slightly dilated

behind, border rounded at shoulder but not crenulate, striz

fine but sharply incised, with numerous fine but distinct

punctures, a well-marked scutellary striole, intervals slightly

convex, faintly shiny along median line, 9 and marginal

channel finely rugose.

Underside nearly smooth, metepisterna finely rugose-

punctate, sides of venter finely strigose. On the last seg-

ment in the ¢ there are two sete on each side close together ;

in the ? there are three on each side, two close together

(asin @), and athird near apex (in one of the three ? 9

there are four setz on each side).

Allied to D. zeelandica, Redt., but slightly larger. Head

with thicker antennez; prothorax wider, much more con-

tracted in front, sides without trace of sinuation behind,

border thicker behind, basal fovez similar but deeper; elytra

with much finer and more clearly punctured striz, intervals

flatter, border rounded at shoulder.

Annam: Hué(type). Tonkin: Hanoiand Vietri. 5 ex.,

3 2? (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). The type is in the British

Museum. :

Diplochila levigata, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892,

p- 3826.

Rembus politus, Macl. (not F.), Ann. Jay. 1825, p.16; Andr. Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1919, p. 144.

Eccoptoyentus mestus, Bates (not Chaud.), Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889,

p- 267; Andr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1921, p. 176.

Dipiochila polita, Lesne (not F.), Miss. Pavie Hist. Nat. 1904, p. 72.

Bates’s description of the type of this species, a single

ee ee ee Se

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 283

male specimen taken by Mr. L. Fea at Kawkareet, though

short, is exact, except in one particular, the emargination

of the labrum and clypeus being much shallower than in

D. polita, Bates (not F. = perscissa, Andr.). I may add

that there is a single supraorbital seta. The lobes of the

mentum have a rounded tooth at apex, formed by an expan-

sion of the epilobes, and on the margin of the sinus there

are two long sete. Between the apex of the narrow ligula

and the paraglosse there is hardly any indentation, the

Jatter being adnate, but extending considerably beyond the

ligula. The right mandible has a simple, the left one a

double, tooth at about middle. In this species, D. polita, F.,

and D. perscissa, Andr., the form of the buccal organs

(excluding labrum) is almost exactly the same. This also

applies to the elytral border behind the shoulder, which is

distinctly, though minutely, crenulate, interval 9 at this

point being reduced to a series of small tubercles.

In Mr. Fleutiaux’s collection there are examples from Long

Xuyen in Cochin-China (Dorr) aud from Saigon ; another

specimen from Cochin-China is in the Brussels Museum ;

in the Paris Museum are examples from Hanoi in ‘Tonkin

(Dr. Wiet and V. Laboissiére), Laos (Harmand), Cochin-

China (Julien and Lemesle), and Siam (Pavie, Bocourt, and

Larnaudie) ; in the British Museum are specimens, some

differing from the type in minor points, from Bangkok in

Siam (S. S. Flower), Malacca (Castelnau), Silam in N.

Borneo, Lampong in Sumatra (Buxton), and Japan.

Numerous specimens have lately been taken by Mr. R.

Vitalis de Salvaza at various localities in Laos, Tonkin, and

Cambodia,

In addition to the above, I have seen examples from Java

in the collections of the British, Paris, and Brussels

Museums, and have others in my own collection. These

are larger than the typical form, and have a distinctly wider

prothorax. Similar examples, however, occur in Indo-

China, and, as dissection reveals no differences in the buccal

organs, I regard them as belonging to this species.

Diplochila latifrons, De}. Spec. Gen. v. 1831, p. 679 ; Laf.

Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1851, p. 279; Bates, Ann, Mus. Civ.

Gen. 1892, p. 327; Lesne, Miss. Pavie Hist. Nat.

1904, p. 72.

Diplochila opaca, Chand, Bull. Mose. 1852, i. p. 67; Bates, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 265; id. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. 267.

I have seen in Mr. R. Oberthiir’s collection the types of

both Dejean and Chaudoir, and compared examples of my

19”

284 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

own with them. At the time I considered them distinct,

but the acquisition of further material both from India and

Indo-China leads me to think that we have in reality to do

with one species only. I have dissected examples from

Tonkin and Calcutta, and find all the buccal organs—rather

variable in this genus—to be exactly similar. The mentum

has rounded lobes, with two setz in the emargination ; the

ligula is narrow, dilated at apex, and separated by a very

slight notch from the paraglosse, which are unusually long

and narrow, extending far beyond ligula, and fringed on the

inner side with minute sete; the mandibles are edentate,

the left one slightly dilated on inner margin at middle.

Bates indicated that in this species the head was much

larger in the ? than in the ¢—I am not able to confirm

this.

Dejean’s type was believed to come from the ‘Indes

Orientales.”” Chaudoii’s specimen came from Chusan,

Mr. Lesne’s from Siam, and Bates records examples from

Palon in Burma, Osaka in Japan, and Mytho in Cochin-

China. This last specimen is nowin Mr. Fleutiaux’s collection,

along with others from Saigon, Vinh-long, and Long Xuyen

(Dorr), all in Cochin-China, and from Cho-Ganh in Tonkin

(Duport). Myr. R. Vitalis de Salvaza has lately taken it at

Quang-Yen in Tonkin, Muong Pek in Laos, and Pnomh-

Penh in Cambodia. In the British Museum there are ex-

amples from India and Java; in the Brussels Museum from

Lao Kay in Tonkin and Mt. Oengaran in Central Java

(A. Koller); in the Paris Museum from Cochin-China

(Harmand), Hanoi in Tonkin (Dr. Wiet and V. Laboissiére),

China (Callery), and Java ; and in the Indian Museum from

Kashmir (H. 7. Pease), Calcutta, Birbhum and Murshidabad

in Bengal, and Bangalore in Mysore.

Diplochila levis, Lesne, Bull. Mus. Paris, 11. 1896, p. 243,

fig.6; id. Miss. Pavie Hist. Nat. 1904, p. 72, t. 8. f. 8 ;

Bouch. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1908, p. 171.

I may add to the description of the author that the lobes

of the mentum are bluntly poimted at apex, and that there

are two long setze at the middle of the sinus ; the lhgula is

very narrow, dilated at apex, with a deep notch between it

and the paraglossz ; the left mandible has a deep indentation

on the inner margin, the right one a blunt tooth.

Described by its author from Siam and Java, this species

has since been recorded by Mr. Bouchard from Sumatra and

Borneo. In Mr. Fleutiaux’s collection there are specimens

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 285

from Long Xuyen in Cochin-China (Dorr) and Hanoi in

Tonkin (Demange). In the British Museum are examples

from Java, China, Ceylon, Rangoon, and Andaman Is.

(Roepstorff) ; in the Indian Museum from Rangoon ; in the

Brussels Museum from Sumatra ; and in the Paris Museum

from Siam (Pavie, type), and Bangkok (Larnaudie), from

Tonkin (J. Levasseur), and Hanoi (Dr. Wiet, V. Laboissicre,

and L. Duport).

Diplochila impressa, F. Suppl. Ent. Syst. 1798, p. 57; Dej.

Spec. Gen. ii. 1826, p. 383; Laf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.

1851, p. 279; Redt. Reis. Novar. Zool. 11., Col. 1867,

p- 10; Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 326; Andr.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1919, p.90; id. Trans. Ent. Soc.

Ihond: 1921, pr 159;

In this species the mentum is small, lobes rounded at

apex, emargination deep, without set ; ligula smali, a little

dilated and truncate at apex, separated by a rather wide but

shallow notch from the paraglosse, which extend some way

beyond it ; mandibles edentate, but the right one has inside

a slight protuberance at about middle.

This well-known Indian species has been recorded by

Redtenbacher from the Philippine Is. and by Bates from

Burma. I have seen specimens in the Oxford Museum from

Singapore, and a solitary example in the Paris Museum

from Cochin-China (Beaudouin).

Diplochila colossus, Bates, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1892, p. 826.

In this species the elytral border behind the shoulder is

only very faintly crenulate. The lobes of the mentum are

rather pointed at apex, and there are no setw on the margin

of the sinus; the ligula is narrow at apex and separated from

the paraglosse by a very distinct notch; the right mandible

has a single, the left a double, tooth.

This is another species described on a unique specimen

taken by Mr. L. Fea at Palon in Pegu. Bates thought that

this might be an unusually large example of D. impressa, but

he was quite right in describing it as distinct, the form of

the labrum, clypeus, and palpi being very different. Having

now seen other examples, this time from Indo-China, I can

supplement his excellent description by adding that there

are two supraorbital setz, the form of the palpi is the same

in both sexes; although the scutellary striole is wanting,

there are on some specimens vestiges of it in the form of one

or two minute punctures, and the last ventral segment ¢ has

a single seta on each side, the 2 twosete. Exceptin regard

286 Mr. H. E. A iidcewvad on Oriental Carabidec.

to the palpi, all the characters just mentioned are also found

in D. impressa.

In Mr. E. Fleutiaux’s collection there is an example of this

species from Indo-China labelled in Bates’s handwriting

Hecoptogenius elongatus, Bates, var. latior, but I cannot find

that this name has been published. Several specimens have

been taken by Mr. R. Vitalis de Salvaza in Cambodia at

Pnomh-Penh (Brussels Museum), and in Laos at Tavieng,

Vien Poukha, and Nam Tham. In the British Museum

there are two examples, one from Kedah in Siam (S. S. Flower),

agreeing with type, the other labelled Java; in this latter

specimen both labrum and clypeus are more deeply emarginate

than in the typical form, and joint 3 of the antenne is

-distinetly longer than 4 and equal to 5, but I notice no other

peculiarities. In the Paris Museum there are also two

examples, one from Cochin-China (Beaudouin), the other

from Lakhon, on the borders of Siam and Annam (Harmand).

Key to the Species.

1 (2). Head on each side with a single supra-

orbital pore. Length about 16:0 mm... Jlevigata, Bates.

2 (1). Head on each side with two supraorbital

pores.

3 (8). Elytra with scutellary striole as clearly

marked as the other strie. Head mode-

rately wide, depressed in front.

4 (7). Strie of elytra clearly incised and mode-

rately deep. Form relatively wide.

5 (6). Surface quite dull. Strie of elytra very

clearly punctate. Length about 260mm. pinodes, sp. n.

6 (5). Surface comparatively shiny. Strie of

elytra faintly and indistinctly punctate.

Lengthjabout@b-0 mim.” 7 ce... ee latifrons, Dej.

7 (4). Strie of elytra hardly incised, but formed

by a series of minute punctures. Form

relatively elongate. Length about

PROD is ils hee ny aoe eon Sh hore levis, Lesne.

8 (8). Elytra without, or with only vestiges of, a

scutellary striole. Head rather narrow,

not depressed in front.

9 (10). Prothorax strongly narrowed in front.

Labial palpi ¢ with apical joint only

slightly dilated, nearly three times as

long as wide. Labrum deeply emargi-

nate. Left mandible edentate. Length

Noire eS Obra eitge te) 4 bi Hie. chal ina impressa, F,

10 (9). Prothorax moderately narrowed in front.

Labial palpi ¢ with apical joint rather

strongly dilated, less than twice as long

as wide. Labrum only moderately

emarginate. Left mandible with a well-

marked bifid tooth. Length about

26'0 mm: 4... enceteen ap aatachoe .... colossus, Bates.

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Corahides. 287

Genus Hyporiruvs.

Hypolithus vitalisi, sp. n.

Length 7°5-8:0 mm. ; width 2°9-3:1 mm.

Black, both upper and under sides strongly iridescent ;

palpi and joints 1-2 of antenne testaceous; trochanters,

tibiz, tarsi, and side-margins of prothorax (faintly) brown ;

joints 3-11 of antennz and femora piceous.

Head wide (1°75 mm.), convex, shining, clypeal suture

fine, frontal impressions obsolete, surface finely, but not

very closely, punctate. Prothorav quadrate, but rather

transverse (1‘9x2°6 mm.), widest a little before middle,

finely bordered throughout; base truncate, apex slightly

emarginate, sides evenly rounded, with a single seta rather

before the middle, hind angles obtuse and rounded, but

quite evident ; median line and transverse impressions very

faint, basal foveze wide and shallow, surface finely punctate, -

base very closely and confluently, disk nearly smooth.

Elytra (3:0 x 4°9 mm.) moderately convex, nearly parallel,

border sharply angled at shoulder, and slightly sinuate near

apex ; striz deep, very finely crenulate, scutellary striole

short, arising in an umbilicate pore, intervals 3-5-7 seriately

punctate, the pores arranged along strisze 2-4-6 respectively,

9 with a series of umbilicate pores, widely interrupted at

middle; surface finely, closely, and distinctly punctate.

Body beneath finely punctate, very sparsely along middle

line.

About the size of H. cyanellus, Bates, but the reflections

of the elytra show more blue and less green ; prothorax less

transverse, less rounded at sides, the apex more deeply

emarginate, the hind angles more rounded ; elytra a little

longer and more deeply striate, surface more finely puuctate,

punctures distinct, not laterally confluent.

Laos: Vientiane and Paklung (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Many examples. The type is in the British Museum.

Hypolithus cyanellus, Bates, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. 269.

In describing this species Bates does not mention a

locality, but I find from a label on the type that it was

taken at Tourane (Annam). Mr. Vitalis de Salvaza has

taken’ only a few specimens, but they come from four

different provinces of Indo-China, viz., Annam, Laos,

Tonkin, and Cambodia. A variety taken at Natung, near

Luang Prabang, differs from the typical form in its almost

complete lack of lustre and the rather finer sculpture of the

elytra. :

288 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

Hypolithus cyaneotinctus, Bates, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889,

p- 269; id. Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1891,

p. 331.

Bates gives as localities Tourane, Qui-Nhon (Annam),

and Ceylon; to these he later added Konbir and Tetara

(Chota Nagpur). The species seems to be distributed

throughout India, for I have seen examples from the North-

West Provinces, Ranchi in Bengal (W. H. Irvine), and

Mysore (7. V. Campbell). In the Brussels Museum there

are some specimens from Barway (P. Cardon).

Key to the Species.

1 (2). Upper surface uniformly and not very

finely punctate throughout. Length

LOPSema, Foy Aaaatic steve Sete as eee eee -. cyaneotinctus, Bates.

. 2(1). Upper surface finely punctate, disk of

3 (4). Hind angles of prothorax obtuse, but not

rounded, Elytra with greenish lustre,

finely punctate, the punctures laterally

CONMUGHE phy eee ee ee eee cyanellus, Bates.

4 (3). Hind angles of prothorax obtuse and

Gistinet oes! he ee. ee ee vitalist, sp. n.

Genus Diorycnue.

Dioryche melanauges, sp. n.

Length 9:0-9°5 mm. ; width 2:9-3'1 mm.

Upper surface very dark bronze, shiny, underside black ;

joints 1-2 and base of joint 3 of antennz, palpi, and femora

testaceous red, tibize and tarsi brown.

Head convex (20 mm. wide), eyes not prominent, clypeus

moderately emarginate, suture rather deep on each side,

surface smooth and polished, one or two small punctures

near eyes behind. Prouthorax transverse (2°1x2°6 mm.),

moderately convex, widest before middle, base slightly

emarginate in middle, its sides a little oblique, front margin

nearly straight, sides finely bordered, gently rounded in front,

then straight to hind angles, contracted slightly more in

front than behind, a seta at apical third, hind angles obtuse

and a little rounded; median line short, but clear, basal

fovese not very deep and ill-defined ; surface nearly smooth,

with a few scattered punctures, some vague transverse strize

on disk, base very closely and confluently punctate. Elytra

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 289

(3°5 x 5°75) moderately convex, border of base bisinuate,

forming with side-border at shoulder a very sharp angle,

sides slightly widened behind and moderately sinuate at

apex; strize deep, impunctate, scutellary striole elongate, as

deep as the striz, intervals a little convex, 3-5 rather wider

than the others, 3-5-7 seriately punctate, along strize 2-5-7

respectively, the punctures small but clearly marked, rather

larger on 3, about 15 on each interval, 9 with a similar series

along stria 8, widely interrupted in middle, an uninterrupted

row of small punctures along marginal] channel ; surface

moderately shiny, finely, irregularly, but quite clearly

punctate throughout. Under surface smooth.

Larger and a little longer than D. amewna, Dej., legs and

antenne darker, head aud prothorax with hardly any trace

of metallic green. The prothorax with more rounded hind

angles, the base more densely and confluently punctate ;

the elytra with deeper strie, a longer scutellary striole,

seriate punctures larger, general puncturation much more

evident.

Tonkin : Kwang Choo Wan (i. Vitalis de Salvaza). The

type is in the British Museum.

Dioryche sericea, sp. n.

Length 7°5-8°5 mm.; width 2°50-2°75 mm.

Upper surface dark bronze, with a sericeous lustre,

especially on elytra, underside black ; joints 1-2 of antenne,

base and apex of palpi, and sometimes tibize dark red.

Head convex (1°8 mm. wide), eyes not prominent, clypeus

only slightly emarginate in front, the suture very fine,

surface smooth and polished, with only vestiges of minute

puncturation at sides. Prothorawz transverse (1°6 x 2°3 mm.),

moderately convex, widest just before middle, base truncate,

with sides a little oblique, apex slightly emarginate, sides

finely bordered and evenly rounded, but contracted a little

more in front than behind, a seta at apical third, hind angles

obtuse, but very little rounded ; median line faint, basal

foveee deep, surface smooth with some minute scattered

punctures, a little more evident along front, base densely

punctate, the punctures of varying sizes. Elytra (2°9x

4°5 mm.) convex, elongate, sides finely bordered, nearly

parallel, distinctly sinuate near apex ; stria comparatively

deep, scutellary striole reduced to a vestige, adjoining stria 2,

intervals rather convex, 2 narrower than the others, 5 de-

pressed on outer side near apex, 3-5-7 seriately punctate,

the punctures mostly adjoining strize 2-5-7 respectively (but

290 Mr. H. EB. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

more irregular on 5), of moderate size, but very clearly

defined, 12 or 15 in number, a similar series on interval 9,

adjoining stria 8, widely interrupted in middle, and an

uninterrupted row of smaller punctures along marginal

channel ; surface nearly smooth, very silky in appearance,

with two irregular rows of almost imperceptible punctures

along each interval.

Very different from any other species known to me.

Longer and narrower than D. amana, Dej., with dark legs

and antennze ; head and prothorax without trace of metallic

green. Head with clypeus less emarginate; prothorax with

sides more evenly rounded, the disk smoother; elytra longer,

narrower, more parallel, the seriate punctures much larger.

Tonkin: Tranninh. Annam: Hué, Muong Sen, and

Keng Trap (R. Vitalis de Salvaza), The type is in the

British Museum.

A solitary example in the British Museum labelled

‘“‘Halupahani, Haldummulle, Ceylon,” differs only from

the typical form in having the tibize light red instead of

very dark red.

Dioryche clara, sp. n.

Length 7°5-8°5 mm. ; width 2:75-3:25 mm.

Upper surface of a brilliant brassy hue, beneath black

with faint seneous reflections ; buccal organs and legs

piceous, joint 1 of antennz and apex of palpi red.

Head convex, wide (1:75 mm.), with fairly prominent eyes,

clypeus moderately emarginate in front, the suture very

clearly marked, surface nearly smooth, some scattered

punctures at sides and on clypeus. Prothorar transverse

(1°8 x 2°6 mm.), moderately convex, widest a little before

middle, contracted more in front than behind, base gently

bisinuate, bordered at sides, apex slightly emarginate, sides

finely bordered, rounded in frout, then straight to the base,

a pore and seta at apical third, hind angles slightly obtuse,

but very little rounded; median line fine and very short,

on middle of disk, basal foveze small and rounded; apex

moderately, base closely and rather finely punctate, disk and

sides with a few small punctures. Elylra (3:1 x 4°5 mm.)

convex, rounded at sides, widest a little behind middle, the

fine border rather strongly sinuate near apex; strie fine, but

clearly cut, impunctate, scutellary striole very short, joining

2 at base, intervals 3-5-7 rather wider than the others,

especially towards apex, and seriately punctate, chiefly, but

not wholly, along strize 2-4-6 respectively, the punctures

Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabtde. 291

large, 12 or 15 on each, and occupying half the interval, a

similar series, widely interrupted in middle, on stria 8, and

a smaller uninterrupted series along the marginal channel ;

surface finely shagreened, with two irregular rows of minute

but clearly visible punctures along each interval. Under-

side smooth, with a few scattered punctures; prosternal

process minutely setose at apex.

Allied to D. indochinensis, Bates, but much brighter in

colour, the legs dark. Head similar; prothorax less con-

tracted behind, the hind augles less rounded, basal fovew

smaller, puncturation not so fine; elytra with the seriate

pores, especially on intervals 5 and 7, larger, general punc-

turation much clearer.

Tonkin: Hoabinh and Kwang Choo Wan, many ex.

(R. Vitalis de Salvaza), Hong Kong and Pescadores Is.

(British Museum), Hong Kong (Oxford Museum). The

type (Hoabinh) is in the British Museum.

Dioryche amena, De}. Spec. Gen. iv. 1829, p. 73.

Dioryche letula, Bates, Ann. Soc. Ent. Ir. 1889, p. 270; Andy. Trans,

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1921, p. 177.

The best-known and most widely spread species of the

genus. It has been taken throughout Indo-China (Tonkin,

Annam, Laos, and Cambodia) by Mr. Vitalis de Salvaza,

Elsewhere it occurs in Formosa, in the large Malay islands.

in Burma, and throughout North India. I have seen no

Central or Southern Indian examples, except from the Nilgiri

Hills (H. L. Andrewes). here is in the British Museum

an example taken at Anuradhapura in Ceylon (Dr. W.

Horn).

Dioryche indochinensis, Bates, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889,

p. 270; Andr. Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. 1921, p. 177.

This species is recorded from various parts of Cochin-

China and Cambodia, and, thanks to Mr. E. Fleutiaux, I

have been able to examine the type; Mr. Vitalis de Salvaza

has taken it at Vientiane in Laos. Bates mentions it as

having been captured by Mr. L. Fea at Rangoon, and the

late Mr. G. Q. Corbett also found it in Burma at Shwegyin

and Tharrawaddy. There are specimens in the British

Museum from ‘“ Mountains, Tenasserim, Siam border”? and

from South Siam (H. Way).

292 Mr.:H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidze.

Key to the Species.

1 (6). Elytra with at least intervals 1-4 narrow

and convex near apex, the seriate punc-

tures moderate or small, form rather

elongate.

2 (3). Scutellary striole deep and elongate, surface

of elytra very clearly punctate ...... melanauges, sp. Nn.

8 (2). Seutellary striole short or obsolescent,

elytra very finely and inconspicuously

punctate.

4 (5). Scutellary striole obsolescent, seriate punc-

tures of moderate size, elytra highly

sericeous, legs and antenne dark ...... sericea, sp. 0.

5 (4). Scutellary striole short but clearly marked,

seriate punctures very small, elytra dull

but hardly sericeous, legs and antenne

testaceous......... PSS An A vee amena, De}.

6 (1). Elytra with intervals flat to. apex, the

seriate punctures very large, form short

and broad.

7 (8). Elytra very clearly punctate, of a bright

brassy colour, legs dark......... --1es) (Clara, spun.

8 (7). Elytra finely and inconspicuously punctate, [ Bates.

of dull cupreous colour, legs testaceous . tndochinensis,

Genus Misce.vs.

Miscelus carinatus, sp. 0.

Length 11-14 mm.; width 3-4 mm.

Black, shiny ; antennz, buccal organs, tarsi, and ventral

surface eccasionally piceous,.

Head (2°3 mm. wide) convex, flat in front, neck lightly

constricted at some distance from eyes, which (for the genus)

are moderately prominent ; genze gradually contracted behind ;

clypeus deeply emarginate ; frontal foveze shallow, faintly

strigose ; a small impression on middle of front, surface

smooth. Prothorax eonvex, cordate, as long as wide (3°0 mm. ),

base bisinuate, bordered, apex widely emarginate, front angles

not much rounded, sides with narrow reflexed border, gently

rounded in front, sinuate near hind angles, which are reflexed

and sharply rectangular ; median line deep, almost foveate

behind, but, as a rule, stopping short of the basal margin ;

hind transverse impression deep ; basal fovez rather slight,

elongate, near the angles; surface practically smooth, with

some almost imperceptible transverse striation and some

very sparse minute punctures. Llytra (40x80 mm.)

convex at sides only, nearly parallel, shoulders well marked,

sides with a fine reflexed border, slightly sinuate at basal

third ; stricz fine, impunctate, faintly crenulate at sides, odd

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee. 293

intervals rather narrower than even ones, | slightly raised,

3-5-7 carinate, more strongly so near base and 5-7 more

strongly than 3, 3 with a single setiferous pore close to apex,

surface with a faint line of minute punctures along middle

of intervals. Beneath thé head bears some long sete, the

prosternal process is cuneiform, pointed at apex, the surface

generally finely and rather sparsely punctate, very shortly

pubescent.

The shining surface and carinate elytra at once distin-

guish this species from M. javanus, Klug. In the new

species the eyes are more prominent, the prothorax narrower

and with distinctly bordered base, the elytra longer, with

intervals of different widths, and no apical red spot.

Laos: Pou Bia, Ban Sai, Xieng Khouang, Pia Hat, Muong

Pek, and Pou Mi (R. Vitalis de Salvaza). Assam: Garo

Hills, Tura, 3500-3900 ft. (S. W. Kemp, Ind. Mus.). The

type is in the British Museum.

I may mention here one or two generic characters which

seem hitherto to have escaped attention. Inthe ¢ there is

on the underside of the front femora near the base a rounded

tubercle, bearing a dense brush of brownish hairs. The sides

of the mesosternum are cariniform ; the carine are simple

in luctuosus, generally a little serrate in M. javanus, but in

the species now described the serration is marked and ends

behind in a well-defined tooth. On the margin of the apical

ventral segment there is in the ¢ a single pair of setx, rather

widely distant ; in the ? there is in addition a second pair,

nearer the middle and at some little distance from the

margin.

Miscelus javanus, Klug, Jahrb. Ins. 1834, p. 82, t. 1. f. 9;

Andr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1919, p. 183.

Bates (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. 283) records M.

ceylonicus, Chaud., from Mytho in Cochin-China: I have

examined this specimen, now in Mr. Flentiaux’s collection ;

it has the customary red apical spot of Javanese examples,

and does not seem to me to differ from M. javanus. Mr.

Vitalis de Salvaza has taken a considerable number of

specimens in different parts of Laos, which appear to belong

to this species, though on average they are distinctly darker

than examples from India and Java. The apical red spot

is sometimes present, sometimes absent ; when present it is

frequently very faint.

This species and M. carinatus described above are the only

representatives of the genus known at present in Indo-China.

294 My. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

Mr. Severin has very kindly sent me from the Brussels

Museum for examination four of Putzeys’ types of Miscelus,

viz., M. unicolor (Java), M. vulneratus (Moluccas), M. para-

doxus (Philippine Is.), and M. convewicollis (Borneo). The

first of these was described before the others (Mem. Soc.

Liége, 11. 1845, p. 375), and on a single specimen. The other

three were described together (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875,

pp. 724-5), and the author evidently had but little material

at his disposal, though the specimens came from very

different localities. In these circumstances he seems to me

to have treated individual peculiarities as of specific value.

To my eyes M. vulneratus, paradoxus, and convexicollis do

not differ in any material way from javanus, and | consider

them mere synonyms. Jf. unicolor I look upon as an un-

spotted variety of the same species, identical with the

subsequently described M. rufiventris, Walk. (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (3) 11. 1858, p. 202), and JL. ceylonicus, Chaud.

(Berl. ent. Zeit- 1861, p. 125).

The types of Putzeys’ two remaining species, M. luctuosus

and M. stygicus (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1875, pp. 725-6),

both coming from New Guinea, are in the Genoa Museum,

aud, thanks to the courtesy of Dr. Gestro, I have been able

to examine them, Of the former, Putzeys gives a fairly

long and detailed description, and I find it to be quite

distinct, but I am not able at present to differentiate

M. stygicus from M, unicolor.

Schaufuss has also described two species, the types of

which I have not seen, viz., M. celebensis and M. planatus

(Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. xix. 1885, pp. 183-4) ; the latter is

stated by the author to be only a variety of yavanus, and I

can see nothing in the description of the former to lead me

think that it is really distinct from that species.

The following table shows how the three species of this

genus, which I have been able to recognise, may be dis-

tinguished ; I have not referred to the apical red spot, which

occurs only in javanus, and may be present or absent :—

Key to the Species.

1 (2). Eyes moderately prominent; prothorax

with front angles rounded, projecting

very little forwards, hind angles much

rounded, base distinctly bordered; elytra

with very square shoulders, apex of each

elytron emarginate, the outer angle

rounded, but forming a distinct blunt

tooth, intervals not carinate, but outer

ones Convex near base............0.:. luctuosus, Putz.

The Forms of Jaculus jaculus in Egypt and Syria. 295

2 (1). Prothorax with front angles slightly

rounded but porrect, hind angles rect-

angular and fairly sharp; elytra with

moderately rounded shoulders, apex

scarcely emarginate, outer angle of

truncature rounded.

3 (4). Eyes moderately prominent; prothorax

with hind angles projecting outwards,

base distinctly bordered; elytra with

intervals 3-5-7 strongly carinate (at

least on basal half), surface very shiny . carinatus, sp. Nn.

4 (3). Eyes flat; prothorax with hind angles

rectangular, but not projecting outwards,

base indistinctly bordered ; elytra with

intervals 3-5-7 generally convex (at least

on basal half), surface dull to moderately

RIDGE eee rster see euaceteee uth: sisi hi sr bp a armnet Os Javanus, Klug.

XXXVII.— The Forms of Jaculus jaculus in Egypt and

Syria. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WuHeEN working out Capt. Angus Buchanan’s Air mammals

Mr. Hinton and I found it advisable to divide the western

forms of Jaculus jaculus, by colour, into several different

races, and I have now had an opportunity to examine the

eastern ones in the same way.

In the first place, it should be noted that the large form

described by me as Jaculus j. gordoni from Kordotan, and

hitherto assumed to range northwards to Khartoum, does not

really do so, as all the numerous Khartoum specimens now

available agree strictly in size with those from Lower Egypt.

In comparison with the series of skull-lengths given by me

for Jerboas of this group in 1913%*, those of half-a-dozen

Khartoum specimens are instructive—32°5, 32°7, 33:2, 33:4,

33°6, 33°7 mm.,—and show a practical identity with those of

Lower Egypt, thus indicating that they should not be

referred to gordoni, but to jaculus.

Their colour, however, is of so uniformly darker, browner,

and richer a tone than the buffy Lower Egypt animals that

they should apparently be recognized as subspecifically

distinct. -

* Ann. & Mag, Nat, Hist, (8) xi. p. 484 (1913).

296 The Forms of Jaculus jaculus in Egypt and Syria.

Jaculus jaculus butleri, subsp. n.

Size and essential characters as in J.J. jaculus, but the

colour above nearly “ avellaneous,” as compared with

“pinkish buffy ” in that animal. Proximal whitish band on

tail, that just before the subterminal black ring, practically

never running through the black ring below to join the white

terminal pencil, as it so very frequently does in jaculus.

Dimensions of the type (from dry skin) :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 196 ; hind foot 61.

Skull: incisor-bulla length 33:2; condylo-incisive length

28:7; width between outer corners of anteorbital foramina

16°2; bimeatal width 23°3; length of bulla 12°8; upper

molar series 5.

Hab. Khartoum and neighbouring localities. Type from

Khartoum.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11. 11. 25. 80. Original

number 192. Collected in the winter of 1908, and presented

by A. L. Butler, Esq., to whom we owe nearly all of our fine

series of twenty-five specimens.

It is interesting to notice how very sharp the dividing-line

between jaculus and butleri is. Specimens from Dongola

(kerma and Merowe) are absolutely jaculus, while some

from Shendi are distinctly budlert, of which we also have a

specimen from Sennaar. Then, but little further south, there

occurs gordont, with an incisor-bulla length of upwards of

35 mm.

At the northern end of the J. jaculus area another form

deserves a technical name :—

Jaculus jaculus syrius, subsp. n.

Size as in true Egyptian jaculus, not larger and with

longer limbs as in the geographically intermediate form from

Jaffa described as schliitert. General colour above pale drab,

the fine blackish tips to the hairs unusually distinct, and, on

the sides, showing particularly strongly on the otherwise

white hairs, these lateral hairs in jacudus being, like those of

the back, more or less buffy. Tail light-coloured, its sub-

terminal dark brown ring completely separating the white

terminal tuft from the rest of the tail.

Size of skull and inflation of the bulle about at the maxi-

mum found in jaculus.

On new or little-known Tipulide. 297

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 95 mm.; tail 170; hind foot 58;

ear 23.

Skull: incisor-bulla length 34:1; condylo-incisive length

30; width between outer corners of auteorbital foramina 16°2 ;

bimeatal width 23°8; length of bulla 14°3; upper molar

series 5.

Hab. Syrian desert. Type from Karyatein, about 34° N.,

38° E. Other specimens from the Syrian desert east of the

Dead Sea.

Type. Old female. B.M. no,'5. 7, 2.14. Original num-

ber 84. Collected 27th March, 1905, by Douglas Carruthers.

Five specimens examined,

When writing recently * about the Muscat jerboa, I erro-

neously referred to the Karyatein form as J. loftwsi, but that

species is decidedly smaller, the incisor-bulla length being

3L°7 mm. in a Baghdad example and 31°5 mm. in the type.

The drabby instead of buffy colour of this jerboa would

seem to distinguish it sufficiently from the Heyptian jaculus.

XXXVIII.—New or little-known Tipulidee (Dipiera).-—

IX. Australasian Species. By Cuaries P. ALEXANDER,

Ph.D., F.E.S., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

THE present instalment considers only species from New

Zealand, supplementary to Mr. Edwards’s monographic

review and to papers by the writer now in press. The

material described herein was received almost entirely from

Dr. Campbell, Mr. Harris, and Mr. Watt, one species

being from Dr. Tillyard and Mr. Philpott. I am deeply

indebted to all of the above gentlemen for their kind interest

in making known the remarkable crane-fly fauna of New

Zealand. Except where stated to the contrary, the types

are preserved in the writer’s collection.

Molophilus macrocerus, sp. n.

General coloration pale brown; male antenne longer than

the body; halteres elongate; wings whitish subhyaline,

veins pale; petiole of cell R, very long; basal pleural appen-

dage of the male hypopygium bifid, one arm bearing a brush

-of tawny hairs before the tip.

** Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) viii. p. 440 (1921).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 96 Vol. ix. 20

298 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Mate.—Length 3°3-3°6 mm.; wing 45-5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi pale brown. Antenne of the male

about one-fourth longer than the body, pale brown; flagellar

segments elongate-fusiform, with abundant, delicate, erect

sete. Head dark.

Pronotum pale testaceous, the scutellum obscure yellow.

Mesonotum uniformly brown, the surface shiny with few

conspicuous sete. Pleura pale yellowish testaceous.

Halteres very long and slender, pale brown. Legs with

coxe brownish testaceous; remainder of the legs pale

brownish testaceous, the terminal tarsal segments a little

darker. - Wings whitish subhyaline, the macrotrichiz long

but very delicate, pale brown; veins almost white; the

fringe of macrotrichiz along the posterior and anal margins

very elongate. Venation: Se short, ending just before the

fork of Rs; petiole of cell R, very long, from one-third to

nearly one-half Rs ; 7 short, on Ry,3 a short distance beyond

the fork of Rs; basal deflection of Cu, on M3,,4 from one-

third to two-thirds its length beyond the fork.

Abdomen brown. Male hypopygium with the basal

pleural appendage appearing as a slender chitinized arm,

deeply split near mid-length, the two arms but feebly diver-

gent, one arm, immediately before the tip, bearing a dense

brush of tawny hairs ; apical spine blackened ; apical ap-

pendage small, black, slightly curved, the apex feebly

notched. Penis-guard very long and slender, straight.

Hab. New Zeaiand (North Island).

Holotype, &, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, September 14,

1921 (7. R. Harris).

Paratopolype, 1 8, with the type; 1 ¢, October 15,

1921.

Molophilus tanypus, sp. u.

General coloration pale brown ; antenne short ; legs very

long and slender; wings whitish subhyaline, variegated with

patches of dark macrotrichiz ; basal deflection of Cu, beyond

the fork of M; abdomen pale brown, with dark brown

lateral spots; male hypopygium with the mesal face of

pleurite at apex bearing dense brushes of dark hairs.

Male.—Length 3-3°3 mm. ; wing 5-5°5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi pale brownish testaceous. Antenne

short, pale brown, the scapal segments a little paler; flagellar

segments cylindrical. Head dark, sparsely pruinose.

Mesonotal preescutum pale brownish testaceous, fading

into yellowish laterally ; posterior sclerites darker brown.

Pleura yellowish testaceous, the dorsal sclerites infuscated.

new or little-known Tipulide. 299

Halteres elongate, testaceous, the knobs large, almost white.

Legs very long and slender for an Eriopterine crane-fly,

especially the posterior legs which measure approximately

12°5 mm. in total length; coxe and trochanters obscure

yellow; remainder of the legs dark brown. Wings whitish

subhyaline, variegated with conspicuous patches of dark

macrotrichie, giving to the wings a somewhat nebulous

appearance ; the more conspicuous of these blotches occupy

the stigmal area, extending to the fork of Rs; interrupted

areas at 7-m, fork of M, and along vein M3 near the base of

the distal section; veins pale with dark macrotrichize.

Venation: basal deflection of Cu, on J/; immediately beyond

the fork of M.

Abdomen pale brown, with a series of five dark brown

lateral spots. Male hypopygium with the mesal face of the

pleurites at apex provided with a dense brush of long dark

hairs. Two pleural appendages, both basal in position: one

chitinized, elongate, terminating in a clavate lobe, at the base

of the lobe with a conspicuous shoulder that is microscopically

denticulate ; second appendage large, produced caudad into

a flattened blackish lobe, the mesal portion very extensive,

extending as a thin sheet almost to the penis-guard. Penis-

guard very long, straight, tapering very gradually to the

apex, subtended on either side at the base by the small

inconspicuous apophyse.

Hab. New Zealand (Both Islands).

Holotype, 3 , Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, September 28,

ee (7. R. Harris).

Paratype, 3, Greymouth, sea-level, September 7, 1921

(To. Harris).

Molophilus quadrifidus, sp. 0.

General coloration brown ; legs unbanded ; wings grey ;

male hypopygium with the basal pleural appendage large,

complicated, black, terminating in four arms.

Male.—Length 5 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne elongate, about

three-fourths the length of the body; scapal segments

obscure yellow, the flagellum dark brown ; flagellar seg-

ments enlarged basally, attenuate apically. Head dark

brown.

Mesonotal preescutum brown, with three dark brown

stripes; remainder of mesonotum and the pleura dark

brown. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

pale ; femora and tibiz pale brown, the tarsi passing into

dark brown. Wings grey, the veins brown. Venation: ‘the

20=

300 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

apparent 7 (which is probably the basal deflection of R, as

in the Pediciine crane-flies) opposite the basal deflection of

R;; basal deflection of Cu, about one-third its length beyond

the fork of M.

Abdomen brown. Male hypopygium with the basal

pleural appendage large and complicated in structure, black,

produced into four arms ; a blunt basal arm on the mesal

face, its angle densely filled with erect yellow sete; a

powerful apical arm that is suddenly narrowed to the acute

tip, the outer edge of which is microscopically denticulate ;

between the two arms described arises a third arm which

is deeply split into two slender points, one a little stouter

than the other. Apical hook of the pleurite short, strongly

curved.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, & , in alcohol, Governor’s Bay, Banks Peninsula,

Canterbury, September 9, 1921 (J. W. Campbell).

Paratopotypes, 2 broken 3 8, alcoholic; paratypes,23 3,

Mt. Grey, Canterbury, November 27, 1921 (Campbell &

Lyndsay) ; 1 $, Dunedin, November 26, 1921 (G. Howes).

Molophilus tillyardi, sp. n.

General coloration reddish brown ; head grey ; antenne

short ; legs unbanded ; wings tinged with brown; abdomen

dark brown ; basal pleural appendage slender, bifid at apex.

Male.—Length 42 mm.; wing 5°5-5°8 mm.

Female.— Length 5°8 mm.; wing 5-5°3 mm.

Rostrum obscure brownish yellow; palpi dark brown.

Antenne short; scapal segments obscure brownish yellow ;

flagellar segments dark brown, densely clothed with white

hairs. Head lght grey.

Mesonotal preescutum reddish yellow, the median area

darker brown; remainder of mesonotum reddish brown.

Pleura dark brown. Halteres brownish yellow, the knobs

dark brown. Legs with cox and trochanters obscure

yellow; femora brownish yellow ; tibize and tarsi brown.

Wings with a faint brown tinge, the macrotrichiz dark

brown; veins darker brown. Venation: basal deflection of

Cu, at or close to the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium. Male

hypopygium with the basal pleural appendage slender, ter-

minating in an acicular black rod with a microscopic spur

before tip on the lateral face; apical appendage a powerful

curved hook, the apex bifid, with a large black spine. Apex

of pleurite slender, terminating in a slender black tubercle ;

new or little-known Tipulide. 301

another tubercle on lateral face before apex; a third on

mesal face, more basad in position ; immediately basad of

this a small blackened lobe with the margin microscopically

denticulate.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3 , Nelson, December 7, 1920 (R. J. Tillyard).

Allotype, ¢ , Dun Mt., January 24, 1921 (A. Philpott).

Paratypes, 1 8, 1%, Dun Mt., altitude 2000 feet,

December 14, 1920; 1 ¢, 1 sex ?, December 2, 1920; 1 2,

Dun Mt., altitude 2000 feet, January 24, 1921 (A. Philpott) ;

Dunedin, 1 g,2 ¢ 2, November 26, 1921 (G. Howes).

_ Type in the collection of the Cawthron Institute.

Molophilus plagiatus, sp. n.

General coloration yellow ; antenne short, pale in colour ;

mesonotal prescutum uniform in colour ; dorsal pleurites

dark brown, bordered ventrally by a silvery line; fore femora

black; wings pale yellow, with a large area of black macro-

trichiz along the cord; less distinct seams along veins

Cu and Cu, ; basal pleural appendage of male hypopygium

a straight rod bearing at and before the tip on the outer

face two long acute spines that are perpendicular to the

appendage.

Male.—Length 3°5 mm.; wing 4°6 mm.

Female.—Length about 4 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne short, pale

brownish testaceous. Head yellow, infuscated posteriorly.

Mesonotal prescutum, scutum, and scutellum uniformly

pale brownish yellow, the postnotum dark brown. Pleura with

all the dorsal sclerites dark brown, the ventral margin sharply

delimited, extending from the fore cox to the base of the

abdomen, passing beneath the root of the halteres ; ventral

sclerites of pleura and the sternum pale with a microscopic

silvery pubescence adjoining the dark margin, on the ster-

nites passing into yellow. Halteres densely covered with

brown and golden sete. Legs with the coxe and trochanters

obscure yellow; fore femora covered with long black sete,

only the extreme bases narrowly paler; other femora yellow ;

tibize yellow, on the fore tibize the tips and an indistinct

subbasal ring blackish ; other tibize uniformly yellow, the

tips weakly infuscated ; metatarsi obscure yellow, the tips

blackened ; remainder of tarsi black. Wings pale yellow,

with principally yellow macrotrichiz ; a large area of black

macrotrichiz along the cord; veins Cu and Cu, faintly

seamed with black macrotrichie; less distinct areas on

302 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

veius R,,3, R;, and M; before the tips and on vein 2nd A

near the base. Venation: basal deflection of Cw, in align-

ment with the basal deflection of M3.

Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium ; lateral

line narrowly darker brown ; sternites paler, except laterally.

Male hypopygium with the pleurites terminating in small,

black, apical hooks; basal pleural appendage a straight

black rod, the outer face at and before the tip with two

perpendicular acute spines, with smaller denticles filling the

space between ; distal pleural appendage single, a straight

rod that is rather deeply bifid at apex, the outer arm stouter

than the slender, weakly arcuate inner or mesal arm.

Hah, New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, &, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 15,

1921 (7. R. Harris).

Allotopotype, 2 , October 7, 1921.

Paratopotypes,5 & &, October 7, 1921 ; 1 g, October 14,

1921; 3 ¢.&, October 17, 1921 ; 3 ¢ G, October 19, 1921;

5 S$}, 1 2, October 27, 1921.

Molophilus plagiatus is related to M. cruciferus, Alexander,

and MM. pulcherrimus, Kdwards, but is a very distinct species.

AMolophilus sublateralis, sp. n.

Male.—-Length about 3 mm. ; wing 3°3 mm.

Female.—Length about 4°5 mm. ; wing 4°4 mm.

Generally similar to M. playiatus, sp. n., differing as

follows :—

Antennal scape dark brown, the flagellum very pale testa-

ceous yellow. Head dark brown. Mesonotal prascutum

obscure yellow medially, the anterior margin broadly dark

brown, this area sending caudad two conspicuous, sublateral,

brown stripes that cross the suture and suffuse the centres

of the scutal lobes, the extreme anterior Jateral margin of

the preescutum likewise darkened, the space between this

and the sublateral brown stripe obscure testaceous yellow ;

postnotum pale, a little infuscated near the root of the

halteres. Pleura with the dark brown stripe narrower, the

dorsal portion being much paler than the deep brown ventral

portion, this latter passing immediately beneath the root

of the halteres ; ventral pleurites and the sternites silvery

white. Fore femora covered with dense black sete as in

plagiatus ; fore tibiee and tarsi likewise dark - coloured.

Wings grey, the costal margin broadly and conspicuously

light yellow; small dark patches of macrotrichiz much more

abundant aud more clearly defined than in plagiatus, these

new or little-known Tipulide. 303

dark areas as follows :—At origin of Rs ; at stigma, con-

tinued caudad along cord ; conspicuous seams ov veins Cw,

lst A, and 2nd A, except at the tips, which are broadly white ;

other areas along M near the fork; on R,,3 before the tip ;

on R, beyond mid-length; scattered along most of the length

of R;; on M,,. near mid-length; on M; near two-thirds the

length, and on the distal section of Cu, near mid-length ; tips

of all the longitudinal veins pale except R;, where the dark

sete continue to the margin. Male hypopygium with the

basal pleural appendage on outer face before tip bearing

three powerful spines, the more apical one smallest, the

more basal spine largest, these spines nearly perpendicular

to the appendage ;* apical pleural appendage sinuous, rather

deeply bifid at tip, the arms divergent, the lateral arm longer

but of about the same diameter-as the mesal or inner arm.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 7,

P20 (7. R. Harris).

Allotopotype, ° , October 15, 1921.

Amphineurus molophilinus, sp. n.

General coloration dark, the entire body very densely

covered with long, whitish, somewhat flattened setz ; male

anteune about one-half the length of the body; wings

rufous brown, spotted with darker brown ; cell A, sessile as

in Molophilus ; cell 1st My, closed.

Male.——Length 6 mm. ; wing 7°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Autennez moderately elongate,

approximately one-half as long as the body ; scape obscure

yellowish brown; flagellum black, the segments with an

abundant erect pubescence. Head dark grey, provided with

abundant whitish sete.

Mesonotal preescutum lght brown, with three darker

brown stripes; entire surface except the broad median

stripe almost concealed by abundant white appressed sete ;

remaifider of mesonotum blackish, sparsely pruinose.

Pleura dark, the colour practically concealed by abundant,

white, appressed sete ; remainder of mesonotum blackish,

sparsely pruinose. Pleura dark, the colour practically con-

cealed by a great abundance of long white setz on all the

sclerites. Halteres pale. Legs with the trochanters con-

colorous with the pleura; remainder of the legs brownish

black, the femoral bases narrowly and indistinctly paler.

Wings with a strong rufous-brown tinge, spotted along the

veins with dark brown, including areas at the origin of Ks,

304 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

along the cord and outer end of cell lst M., and along the

wing-margin at the ends of all the veins; veins brown,

darker in the infuscated areas; the colour is produced by

very abundant macrotrichie that cover the entire wing.

Venation: As ending in cell R, as in Molophilus; ron R,

about its own length beyond the fork of Rs ; cell lst M,

closed ; basal deflection of Cu, one-third its length or less

before the fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark, the colour almost concealed by

dénse white sete ; sternites similar, but the apical margins

of the segments appear broadly whitish, due to the greater

abundance of sete. Male hypopygium with a median

dorsal (the apparent ventral) style ; on either side of this a

deeply bifid, slender appendage, the lateral arm shorter,

sinuous, the apex acutely pointed ; mesal arm longer, decus-

sate across the mid-line, dilated near the ends, the extreme

tips of each produced into an acute black spine.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, §, Dunedin (Opoho), Otago, October 24, 192]

(M. N. Waitt).

Paratopotypes, 1 6, November 8, 1921; 1 g, November

20, 1921 (M.N. Watt); 36 3, Flagstaff Hill, Dunedin,

open country, December 9-10, 1921 (G. Howes).

“In scrub.”

Amphineurus molophilinus is a very distinct fly that sug-

gests in several respects a species of Molophilus, but has the

wing-membrane densely covered with macrotrichiz and is to

be placed in Amphineurus.

Amphineurus harrisi, sp. n.

Antenne of male elongate ; wings subhyaline; cell R,

petiolate ; cell Ist Jf, open ; cell J/; sessile or nearly so;

male hypopygium with the ninth tergite terminating in two

parallel spines ; basal pleural appendage branched beyond

mid-length ; penis-guard terminating in a long slender

spine. ;

Male.—Length about 45 mm.; wing 6°5 mm.

Rostrum light brown; palpi dark brown. Antennz

elongate, a little shorter than the body ; flagellum appearing

subnodose as in the insulsus group of species; flagellum

segments elongate-fusiform, except at the distal end with

abundant erect sete: ; scapal segments brownish testaceous ;

basal flagellar segments indistinctly bicolorous, dark brown,

the apex narrowly pale ; terminal flagellar segments uni-

formly brownish black. Head grey.

a a ee. ae

Te? oe

new or little-known Tipulidee. 305

Mesonotum rather uniform light brown, the prascutum

pale laterally, but without distinct markings. Pleura

whitish testaceous; setz on body delicate, black, not abun-

dant. Halteres pale brown. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters concolorous with pleura; remainder of the legs

uniformly brown, the tarsal segments darker, Wings sub-

hyaline ; a faint brown clond at 7; membrane and veins with

rather numerous macrotrichiz, congregated into a more

dense patch at the fork of WM; veins brown. Venation:

cell R, petiolate ; 7 on R, about two and one-half times® its

length beyond the fork ; cell Ist Md, open by the atrophy

of m; cell M; very short-petiolate to subsessile, the petiole

much shorter than r—m.

Abdomen uniform light brown. Male hypopygium with

the ninth tergite small, chitinized, with a V-shaped notch,

the lobes acute, parallel, directed caudad; basal pleural

appendage slender, the tip gently curved, a small blunt lobe

just beyond mid-length; distal appendage mitten-shaped,

deeply cleft at apex, the lateral spine (thumb) acute, Penis-

guard dilated at base, the dorsal margin weakly spinous,

the apex produced dorsad into a very long slender spine,

the acute tip blackened. Apex of pleurite terminating in

a small, spinulose, blackened knob.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 10,

O21 (1. R. Harris).

Amphineurus harrist is named in honour of the collector,

Mr. T. R. Harris, to whom I am very greatly indebted for

many crane-flies from New Zealand. It belongs to the

group of A. insulsus (Hutton), as does 4. horni, Edwards, and

the two species next described. A. horni has a wide range

in New Zealand, from Ohakune in the North Island to

Dunedin in the southern part of the South Island.

Amphineurus recurvans, sp. 0.

Male.—Length about 4°2 mm.; wing 6°3-6°5 mm.

Generally similar to A. harrisi, differing as follows :—

Size of body slightly smaller. Pronotal scutellum light

yellow. Wings with cell JM, petiolate, the petiole a little

more than one-half the basal deflection of Cu,. The holo-

type has the wing narrower and more greyish than the Otira

paratype. In the latter specimen, the wings are tinged with

pale brown. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite

appearing as two flattened black lobes, lying parallel, their

tips broadly rounded, the lobes separated from one another

306 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

only by a deep and narrow U-shaped notch. Basal pleural

appendage elongate, the tips very strongly recurved to appear

like a shepherd’s crook; distal pleural appendages two in

number, one a flattened black blade that bears ou its lateral

angle a long, divergent, black spine (thumb); the second

apical appendage is a slender pale rod that is feebly bent

near mid-length. Gonapophyses appearing as two parallel

blades that suggest in appearance a bird, the beak being the

terminal black spine, the dorsal margin or back being micro-

scopically toothed.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Greymouth, sea-level, September 7, 1921

(7. R. Harris).

Paratype, 1 8, alcoholic, Otira Gorge, January 10, 1920

(J. W. Campbell) ; 1 8, Kaituna, Banks Peninsula, Canter-

bury, September 11, 1921 (J. W. Campbell) ; 2 3 g, Char-

teris Bay, Canterbury, November 12, 1921 (J. W. Campbell).

Amphineurus otagensis, sp. n.

Male.—Length 3°8-4 mm. ; wing 6-6°5 mm.

Generally similar to A. harrisi, differing as follows :—

Average size of body a little smaller. Antenne of male

considerably longer than the body. Basal deflection of Cu,

before the fork of M, the distance a little greater than the

basal deflection of M,,,; cell MM; petiolate, the petiole only

a little shorter than the basal deflection of Cu,;. Male hypo-

pygium with the ninth tergite somewhat as in A. recurvans,

cousisting of two straight rods that are feebly divergent ;

these rods are relatively very long and slender, the tips sub-

acute ; space separating the rods U-shaped. Pleurites pro-

duced into elongate, setiferous, digitiform lobes as in the

genus. Basal pleural appendage a long, slender, acicular

rod, very gently curved, tapering gradually to the acute

blackened apex ; apical pleural appendages two, one slender,

rod-like, weakly sinuous, the second a large flattened blade

that bears the usual lateral divergent spine (thumb), and,

in addition, a smaller, more obtuse spine near the mid-

distance to the apex, lying in the angle of the thumb; apex

of this blade acute, blackened. Gonapophyses a little shorter

than the penis-guard, tapering to the acute blackened tips,

guard relatively slender, straight, on either side produced

into a somewhat flaring wing.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, &, Dunedin (Waitati), Otago, October 24, 1921

(M. N. Wait).

new or little-known Tipulide. 307

Paratopotypes,2 8 3 ;3 34,1 2, November 5, 1921 ;

236,3 2 2, one pair in copula, November 26, 1921 (G.

Howes); paratype, 1 2, Waipori, December 5, 1921 (G.

Howes).

“‘ Beaten from fern near stream.” Types associated with

A. horni, Edwards.

Gnophomyia triton, sp. 1.

General coloration grey; antenne black; mesonotal

prescutum with three plumbeous-grey stripes, the median

stripe divided; legs dark brown, the cox, trochanters, and

femoral bases obscure yellow ; tips of the femora and tibiz

black ; wings with a blackish suffusion in the apical and

posterior cells; 7 on R, close to the fork; male hypopygium

with the pleural appendage elongate, tapering gradually to

the simple acute apex.

Male.—Length 5°8-6 mm.; wing 7°2-7:3 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black; basal flagellar

segments cylindrical, subterminal segments more oval; last

segment abruptly smaller. Head grey, lighter-coloured

adjoining the inner margins of the eyes.

Mesonotal prescutum grey, very light grey laterally;

three darker plumbeous-grey stripes, the median stripe

indistinctly divided by a darker line; remainder of the

mesonotum grey. Pleura and sternum clear grey. Hal-

teres pale. Legs with the coxe and trochanters obscure

yellow; femora brown, yellow basally, the apices narrow]

blackened; tibize brown, the tips black; tarsi black. Wings

with a faint blackish suffusion in the cells distad of the cord

and caudad of vein Cu; a still darker suffusion along the

cord; stigma conspicuous but small, elongate, blackish;

veins dark brownish black. Venation: Sc, ending just

before the end of Rs, Sc, longer than Sc, and located at its

tip; 7 on R, immediately beyond the fork; basal deflection

of Cu, just beyond the fork of M.

Abdomen brownish grey; sternites clearer grey, in some

cases the sternum obscure yellow, the caudal margin ringed

with paler. Male hypopygium with the pleural appendage

elongate, tapering gradually to the simple acute apex,

unarmed at base. Penis-guard trifid, before the apex being

split into two needle-like divergent horns, from the centre

of which projects the subequal apex of the guard. Gona-

pophyses flattened, projecting beyond the guard, the apex

with a deep V-shaped notch, the lobes formed being

obliquely truncated,

308 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Greymouth, sea-level, September 7, 1921

(2. RR. Harsts),.

Paratopotypes, 4 3 3, 1 teneral.

Gnophomyia triton belongs to the same group as G. flavo-

pygialis, Alex. (see discussion, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9,

vol. 1x; p. 150, 1922):

Atarba (Atarba) viridicolor, sp. n.

General coloration yellowish green; antenne elongate;

wings greenish yellow; Sc long; basal deflection of Cu, near

mid-length of cell lst Ad.

Female.—Length 7:5 mm.; wing 7:2 mm.

Rostrum pale greenish yellow; palpi pale brown, the

base greenish. Antenne elongate, if bent backward ex-

tending about to the base of the third abdominal segment;

scapal segments testaceous, tinged with green; basal flagellar

segment testaceous; remaining flagellar segments black.

Head pale greenish testaceous.

Mesonotum pale fawn-yellow, tinted with green, especially

near the wing-root. Pleura similar to the notum, but very

deeply tinged with light green—this colour undoubtedly

very intense in fresh specimens. Halteres with the stem

green, the knobs paler. Legs with the coxze and trochanters _

light green; femora and tibiz brownish yellow, the former

tinged with green near base; tarsi gradually darkening to

brownish black. Wings pale greenish yellow subhyaline;

stigma faintly indicated; veins brown, tinged with green,

deepest along costa. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending a short

distanee before the fork of Rs, Sc, some distance from its tip,

Sc, alone about two-thirds the basal deflection of Cu,; cell

lst M, elongate-pentagonal, gently widened distally, the

veins beyond it rather long and slender; basal deflection

of Cu; at or just beyond mid-length of the caudal face of

the cell.

Abdomen pale brownish green, including the base of the

ovipositor. Elongate tergal valves of the ovipositor straight,

gently upeurved at their tips, green at base, passing into

dark horn-colour.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 2, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 11,

1921 (7. R. Harris).

Paratopotype, 2 , October 23, 1921.

new or little-known Tipulide. 309

Limnophila maorica, sp. un.

General coloration reddish brown; antenne of male nearly

as long as body; wings with a faint brown tinge; stigma and

a faint seam along r-m darker brown; r near tip of R,;

R,z,3 short; basal deflection of Cu, near one-fourth the

length of cell 1st M,; male hypopygium with a long slender

spine at base of dorsal face of pleurite.

Male.— Length 4°6-5 mm.; wing 6°3-6°5 mm.

Female.—Length 6°3 mm.; wing 7°3 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennze

of the male elongated, only a little shorter than the body;

scapal segments obscure brownish yellow; flagellum black,

the segments elongate-cylindrical. Head dark brown, the

occiput and gene more rufous.

Mesonotum uniform reddish brown, the przscutal inter-

spaces with a few erect black setz. Pleura obscure

brownish yellow. Halteres elongate, dark brown. Legs

with the coxee and trochanters obscure brownish yellow;

femora dark brown, the bases testaceous; remainder of the

legs brownish black; tibial spurs small, reddish. Wings

with a very faint brown tinge; stigma oval, pale brown; a

pale brown seam along r—m and the deflection of R,,5; veins

dark brown with abundant macrotrichi#; a shiny black

callus on the wing-root. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending

beyond the fork of F,,3, Sc. about one and one-half times

its length from tip; Rs long, strongly angulated at origin ;

R,,3 short, approximately equal to the deflection of /,,.,

this length somewhat variable; r about its own length from

the tip of R,; inner ends of cells R3, R;, and 1st M, in oblique

alignment; petiole of cell M, about equal to or longer than

the second section of M,,.; m with macrotrichie, arcuated,

usually about one-half longer than the outer deflection of

M,; cell lst M, elongate; basal deflection of Cu, near one-

fourth the lower face of celi lst M,; arculus broken.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal half or less

indistinctly paler; sternites obscure brownish yellow, the

apices narrowly darker; hypopygium obscure yellow. Male

hypopygium with the pleurites slender, the apex of each

produced into a small chitinized point ; two apical pleural

appendages, the outer terminating in a slender chitinized

point; at the base of the pleurites on the dorsal face a con-

spicuous chitinized rod that extends caudad into an acicular,

feebly curved point. Penis-guard and gon’&pophyses fused

into a conspicuous median structure. Anal tube distinct.

Ovipositor with the valves elongate, the tergal valves acicular.

310 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Hab. New Zealand (Both Islands).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 1, 1921

(7. R. Harris).

Allotype, 2, Greymouth, sea-level, September 7, 1921

(T. R. Harris).

Paratopotypes, 10 3 3, September 21 to October 11,1921 ;

paratype, 1 S, with the allotype; 3 ¢,1 9, Dunedin, No-

vember 26, 1921 (G. Howes).

In its general appearance, Limnophi/a maorica somewhat

suggests L. delicatula, Hutton, a very different fly.

Limnophila maorica bispina, subsp. n.

Very similar to the typical form, but the basal pleural

appendage of the male hypopygium, instead of being a simple,

very elougate red, is shorter, stouter, at the tip split into two

branches, the lateral branch short and straight, the mesally

directed spine nearly four times the lateral spine, gradually

narrowed to the acute apex where it is strongly curved.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Greymouth, sea-level, September 7, 1921

Ci. Harris).

Limnophila mirifica, sp. n.

General coloration light brown; mesonotal prescutum

with three darker brown stripes; femora with conspicuous

erect setee on ventral face; wings with a pale brown tinge;

stigma elongate, darker brown; cell M, present, small; male

hypopygium comparatively large and complicated in str ucture;

eighth sternite terminating in a oe of blackened teeth.

Male.—Length about 4:8 mm.; wing 6°2 mm.

Rostrum dark grey- pruinose ; palpi black. Antennze

broken. Head black with a sparse grey pubescence aa-

teriorly, ou the posterior part of the vertex more yellowish.

Pronotum almost white. Mesonotal prescutum light

brown with three darker brown stripes; remainder of

mesonotum badly crushed, the postnotum grey-pruinose.

Pleura with a ‘pale pollen, more pruinose posteriorly.

Halteres pale. Legs with the coxe yellow, the fore cox

infuscated; tr ochanters pale; femora light brow n, with long,

conspicuous, erect setz on the ventral fees ‘ bibie and ue

brown. Wings with a pale brown tinge, the stigma elongate,

darker brown: veins black. Venation: Sc eae Sc, much

longer than Sc; ‘and ending opposite the fork of es r faint,

ou Re about one and one- “half times its length beyond the

fork; Rs in alignment with 2,3; Jt,, a little longer than

new or little-known Tipulide. dll

the deflection of R,,;; veins R, and 7; generally parallel to

the margin; inner ends of cells R3, R;, and Ist J/, in align-

ment; r—m gently arcuate; cell /, small, less than one-half

its petiole; cell lst M, relatively small, the basal deflection

of Cu, near three-fifths its length; arculus unbroken.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites a little paler ; hypo-

pygium obscure yellow. Male hypopygium unusually large

and complicated in structure for a member of this genus.

Ninth tergite terminating in two slender straight rods that

lie parallel to one another. Pleurites produced caudad

into slender black rods that are expanded at their tips

aud here weakly hairy; dorsad of these rods on either

side arises a very long, pale, curved appendage, directed

caudad, the tips mesad, the extreme apices blackened.

Ninth sternite appearing as two subglobular setiferous

lobes. Eighth sternite tapering to the apex, which bears a

conspicuous comb of blackened teeth.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, &, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 10,

12 CL. he, Harris).

Gynoplistia concava, sp. Nn.

General coloration grey-pruinose, the przscutum with

three brown stripes; antennz 17-segmented ; femora yellow-

ish-brown with a narrow, dark brown, subterminal ring ;

wings with a strong yellow tinge and conspicuous dark

brown seams along the cord and at the origin of Ks;

abdominal tergites brown, the eighth tergite blackened; male

hypopygium with the ninth tergite bearing a broad median

lobe whose margin is gently concave.

Male.—Length 14°5-15 mm.; wing 12°5-138°4 mm,

Female.—Length 18 mm.; wing 14°5 mm.

Rostrum brown, sparsely pruinose; palpi dark brown.

Antenne 17-segmented, the formula being 2+2+7+46 or

in cases 2+24+8+5, the tenth flagellar segment sometimes

being pectinate; scapal segments reddish brown; basal seg-

ments of flagellum pale, the remainder dark brown, the

pectinations black; terminal flagellar segment elongate,

approximately twice as long as the subterminal segment;

longest pectination (segment 8) about two and_three-

fourths the segment. Head dark-coloured, dull grey-

pruinose.

Mesonotal praescutum grey with three brown stripes, the

lateral stripes brighter brown and more distinct than the

median vitta; pseudosutural fovex deep horn-colour ;

312 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

remainder of mesonotum grey-pruinose. Halteres pale.

Legs with the coxz brown, sparsely pruinose ; trochanters

obscure yellow; femora light yellowish brown with a narrow

but distinct dark brown subterminal ring; tibicze and meta-

tarsi pale brown, the tips blackened; remainder of the tarsi

black. Wings with a strong yellow tinge, cells C and Se

more brownish yellow; a conspicuous dark brown pattern

distributed as follows : a quadrate blotch at origin of Rs,

not attaining M; stigmal area oval with a conspicuous

caudal extension along the cord to cell 1st M,; brown seams

at m and on the basal deflection of Cu,;; a brown spot on

vein Ist A near two-thirds the length; wing-tip very faintly

darkened; no dark mark at fork of M,,,; veins black.

Venation ; Rs very long, spurred at origin; r on FR, from

just beyond mid-length to two-thirds the length ; petiole of

cell 1, longer than the second section of M,,.,; basal

deflection of Cu; near two-thirds the length of cell lst M4.

Abdomen uniformly brown; eighth segment blackened ;

hypopygium obscure brownish yellow. Male hypopygium

similar to that of G. subfasciata Walker, differing as follows:

ninth tergite with a low broad median lobe, the caudal

margin of which is gently concave. Black spinulose arms

on mesal face of pleurites not so regularly globose, the small

spinulose lobe near its base larger. Outer pleural appendage

with the apex and subterminal spine shorter, the apex with

more distinct denticles; inner pleural appendage with the

elongate apex much more slender, tapering gradually to

the subacute apex.

The female is full-winged; abdominal tergites brownish

grey; ovipositor with the valves elongate.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 3,

1921 (7. R. Harris’).

Allotype, ? , Taihape, October 12, 1921 (7. R. Harris).

Paratypes, 3, with the allotype; 4 2 2, October 22,

1921.

Allied to G. subfasciata, Walker, but very distinct in the

structure of the hypopygium and the dark brown sub-

terminal rings on the femora.

Gynoplistia nebulipennis, sp. n.

General coloration deep reddish brown; antenne 16-seg-

mented; head black; pleura very heavily and extensively

silvery-white; halteres pale yellow; wings subhyaline with

a very heavy, dark brown pattern, the apex broadly suffused

new or little-known Tipulidee. 313

with darker; male hypopygium with the apex of each

pleurite produced into a short blade; inner pleural ap-

pendage feebly bifid at apex. .

Male.—Length 8°6-9 mm. ; wing 8°5-9°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne black; 16-seg-

mented, the formula being 2+2+9+43; pectination of the

third flagellar segment inserted at a slightly different plane

from that of the basal two and the distal flagellar segments;

flagellar pectinations of moderate length. Head black,

sparsely brownish-grey pruinose anteriorly.

Mesonotal prescutum deep reddish brown with three in-

distinct darker brown stripes, the surface subshiny though

covered with a sparse microscopic pubescence; scutum brown,

the cephalic margin of the lobes blackened; seutellum and

postnotum obscure yellowish brown,somewhat shiny. Pleura

with a very heavy silvery-white microscopic pubescence that

appears like a bloom; propleura dark brown, sending a

narrow longitudinal stripe caudad on to the mesepisternum ;

mesosternum dark; a narrow, longitudinal, brown line on

sides of mesosternum immediately dorsad of mid-coxz.

Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the coxe concolorous with

the pleura; trochanters brownish yellow; femora dark brown,

the bases more reddish, more extensive on the middle and

posterior femora; tibize and tarsi black, the posterior tibize

paler with black tips. Wings subhyaline, the base and cells

C and Sc brownish yellow; a very heavy dark brown pattern

covers approximately one-half the wing-surface, including

the following general areas: alarge blotch at origin of Rs

not attaining vein /; stigmal blotch sending a broad seam

along the cord, interrupted only in the centre of cell lst A/,;

wing-apex broadly darkened leaving pale areas only in the

mid-third of cell R., the second quarter of 3, and indistinct

pale blotches in the centres of cells R;, 2nd M,, and M3,

the two latter more extensive; cell M is largely suffused

because of the unusually broad dark seams along veins

M, Cu, and Cu,; a large dusky suffusion before mid-length of

cell Cu and near the outer end of cell lst A; other veins more

or less seamed with dusky; veins dark. Venation: cell 2nd

R, very small, 7 being at tip of R, and about three times its

length from the tip of R.; petiole of cell J/, about three

times m; basal deflection of Cu, near two-thirds the length

of the lower face of cell lst M,. The right wing of the type.

shows a remarkable malformation of the veins, Ay,; bending

caudad and fusing with the third section of M,,, (petiole of

cell M,) for almost the entire length of the latter,

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the intermediate segments

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 21

314 On new or little-known Tipulide.

with an obscure yellow area at base on either side of the

median line; hypopygium shiny yellow; sternites obscure

yellowish brown, the subterminal segments faintly darker.

Male hypopygium with the pleurites stout, the apical angle

produced caudad into a conspicuous pale blade. The mesal

apical angle of the pleurite also produced into a triangular

point; two pleural appendages, the inner one slender, curved

at the apex which is feebly bifid and blackened. Gonapo-

physes appearing as slender blades that are directed caudad,

the tips slightly mesad.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Greymouth, sea-level, September 6, 1921

(TO A, Haris).

Paratopotype, 3.

Macromastix atridorsum, sp. n.

General coloration obscure yellow; dorsum of prescutum

black with four greyish-plumbeous stripes; antennz short;

wings subhyaline; stigma pale brown; veins Sc and R sub-

coalescent distally; r lacking; basal deflection of Cu, close

to inner end of cell 1st 1/,; abdominal tergites black, the

basal sternites obscure yellow.

Male.—Length about 8 mm.; wings 10 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head brown; nasus lacking;

palpi brownish black. Antennze short, black, the basal

scapal segment brownish testaceous. Front yellowish polli-

nose; remainder of dorsum brownish grey.

Pronotum brown. Mesonotal prescutum black with four

dark grey-plumbeous stripes, the extreme lateral margins,

humeral region and centre of the V-shaped suture obscure

yellowish; scutal lobes black, the posterior and_ lateral

margins fading into obscure yellow; scutellum and post-

notum obscure yellow, the posterior margin of the latter

narrowly infuscated. Thorax glabrous. Pleura obscure

yellow; mesosternum infuscated. Halteres brown, the ex-

treme base of the stem yellow. Legs with the coxe yellow,

the base of the fore coxa infuscated; trochanters yellow;

femora dark brown, the bases obscure yellow; remainder of

the legs brownish black; legs long and slender. Wings

subhyaline; stigma pale brown, filling cell Sc; and the distal

half of cell &,; veins brownish black. Venation: Se,

present; veins Sc and R almost completely coalesced on

their distal half; Rs feebly angulate before mid-length ;

r completely lacking; cell Ist M, almost quadrangular,

On Two new Jerboa-rats. 315

widest basally ; m—cu immediately beyond the fork of M, so

the basal section of M; is almost lacking; petiole of cell M,

equal to or a little shorter than the second section of M1,

and in alignment with it; cell 2nd A broad.

Abdomen with the basal tergite dark brown; remaining

tergites black; sternites obscure yellow, segmeuts 6 to 9

and the caudal margin of 5 infusecated. Male hypopygium

inverted as in the genus, the ninth tergite occupying a

ventral position, consisting of two rounded black lobes that

are separated by a deep U-shaped notch.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, &, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 10,

1921 (7. &. Harris).

XXAIX.—Two new Jerboa-rats (Notomys)..

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG the mammals collected by the late Mr. W. Stalker

in the neighbourhood of Alexandria, Northern Territory ot

Australia, is a nice series of a jerboa-rat from Alroy, which

in my account of the collection was recorded as Notomys

mitchelli *—a determination which was accepted in my recent

notes on the genus Notomys ft.

There appeared, however, to be some doubt as to what tlie

true Notomys mitchelli of the Lower Murray River was, and

I appealed to Mr. Troughton at Sydney for information

about the type, while in the meantime the characters of the

species were drawn up from the Alroy series.

Mr. Troughton now tells me that he has examined the

incisors of the original specimens of ‘f Dipus mitchelli,” and

finds that they are distinctly orthodont, not opisthodont as

in our northern specimens and as stated in my description of

the species.

Since writing the paper on Notomys, I have had lent me

by the Liverpool Museum a number of Australian Muride

received by them from Mr. Gould, and among these there

are two jerboa-rats (nos. 246 and 246a) from the Gawier

* P. Z. 8. 1906, p. 539.

+ Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) viii. p. 586 (1921).

21*

316 Mr. O. Thomas on

River, 8. Australia, which, having an incisive index of 70°-71°,

I thought must be new if mitchelli proved to be opisthodont ;

but, now that we know it to be orthodont, they may be fairly

safely assigned to that species, being the only specimens

in this country with a recorded locality. In the British

Museum we possess one specimen, without incisors, from

“New South Wales,” collected by Mr. Stutchbury, and

another, of more doubtful determination, from “ Australia”

(Gould Collection). Whether the species is now completely

exterminated we do not know.

The Alroy specimens would seem to demand description as

new :—

Notomys alexis, sp. n.

Size of NV. mitchelli. General colour sandy brown, paler

than in metchelli, but darker and browner than in cervinus.

Sides paler sandy. Under surface well-defined white, the

hairs with slaty bases except on the throat and chest, where

they are white to the roots. Hars of medium length. Hands

and feet quite white. Tail fairly long, well pencilled for its

terminal third; above sandy for its proximal half, then

blackish to the tip, below white throughout, the two colours

well contrasted terminally.

Skull of fairly normal shape, not with enlarged brain-case

as in cervinus. Palatal foramina rather narrow and little

open. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow, scarcely broadened in

front, very different from those of cervinus in this respect,

but agreeing with those of mztchelli. Bullee rather large.

Incisors of all the specimens, old and young, markedly

opisthodont, their index commonly about 51° to 56°.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 109 mm.; tail 135; hind foot 32;

ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 30; condylo-incisive length 28;

zygomatic breadth 17; nasals 10 ; interorbital breadth 5:2 ;

breadth of brain-case 15; palatilar length 13°3 ; palatal

foramina 5°6X1°8; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa 1'7;

length of bulla 6; upper molar series 5:1.

Hab. Region of Alexandria, Northern Territory of Aus-

tralia. Type from 35 miles 8.W. of Alroy, about 135° 40’ E.

and 19° 30'S. Alt. 800’.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 6. 3.9.35. Original num-

ber 151. Collected 29th July, 1905, by W. Stalker. Pre-

sented by Sir W. Ingram and the Hon. John Forest. Fifteen

specimens examined.

Two new Jerboa-rats. 317

From Mr. Troughton I further gather that there are no

specimens in Sydney recognized as authentic examples of

Sturt’s conditor, and I have therefore again had to consider

how to deal with the Notomys skull referred to in the last

paragraph of my 1921 paper on the genus.

The locality of this skull was the Darling Downs, a region

high up on the Dividing range in about latitude 28°, while

the original home of conditor was near Laidey’s Ponds, on the

Lower ” Darling, near its junction with the Murray, at a

distance of something like 600 miles from the Darling Downs,

at a lower altitude and in a much more desert-region.

Under these circumstances, to identify our Darling-Downs

skull with conditor would be mere guesswork, and I therefore

propose to describe it as new :—

Notomys mordax, sp. n.

Size about as in WV. gouldi, but the general build stouter

throughout. External characters unknown. Skull broad,

strongly built, with widely open anteorbital foramina and

broad frontal region. Interorbital space comparatively broad.

Palatal foramina long, well open, extending back past the

anterior root of m!. Mesopterygoid fossa fairly broad, but

not specially broadened anteriorly, its sides practically

parallel. Bulle rather small for the bulk of the animal,

though slightly larger than in gould? ; conspicuously smaller

than in the large longicaudatus.

Teeth large and heavy. Incisors orthodont, unusually

broad and strong, as broad but not as deep as in longicaudatus,

flatter and less bevelled in front.

Measurements of the type-skull :—

Greatest length 33°5 mm.; condylo-incisive length 30 ;

zygomatic breadth 19°3 ; nasals 12:6; interorbital breadth 5°9 ;

breadth between outer corners of anteorbital foramina 9° 7;

breadth of brain-case 16°7;. palatilar length 15; palatal

foramina 6°8 x 2:1; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa 2-4 ;

length of bulla 7; upper molar series 6°3.

Hab, Darling Downs, 8. Queensland.

Type. Adult skull. B.M. no. 46. 4. 4. 65. Gould

Collection.

Readily distinguishable from all species of which the skull

is known by its robust build and heavy incisors.

318 Mr. J. R. Norman on new

XL—Three new Fishes from Zululand and Natal, collected

by Mr. H. W. Bell Marley ; with Additions to the Fish

Fauna of Natal. By J. R. NorMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I.— DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

Rhinobatus holeorhynchus, sp. n.

Snout long and obtusely pointed, its preorbital length

nearly twice the distance between outer margins of eyes, and

its preeoral length 34 times width of mouth. Rostral carti-

lage strong; ridges widely separated, nearly parallel, slightly

converging anteriorly. Diameter of eye 4 times in preoral

length of snout; that of eye+spiracle 13 times interorbital

width. Spiracle with two folds, the outer much more

prominent than the inner. Nostrils wide, $ width of mouth,

and nearly twice that of the internarial space. The anterior

nasal valve extends inwards as far as level of inner edge of

nostril, so that valves and nostrils are separated by an inter-

space of equal length. Mouth straight; 64 rows of teeth in

upper jaw. Dorsals equal, elevated; the base of the first

equal to its distance from extremities of pelvics, and slightly

less than 4 of its distance from second dorsal. Caudal

narrow. A distinct series of tubercles in the median line of

the back, extending nearly as far as second dorsal ; a group

of 3 or 4 on shoulder, 7 or 8 in front of orbit, and 3 or 4

above spiracle. Back uniform greyish brown, lighter at

sides of rostrum and edges of pelvics; a black blotch beneath

extremity of snout.

A single specimen, 28 inches in total length, from the

Zululand coast, at a depth of 45 fathoms.

This species appears to be related to ER. leucorhynchus,

Giinth.

Flolacanthus acanthops, sp. n.

Depth of body twice in the length, length of head 3}.

Snout not quite 4 diameter of eye, which is 2} in length of

head. Interorbital width 3 in head. Preeopereulum with

the veitical margin denticulated; a strong spine at the angle,

slightly more than 4 length of head, not reaching vertical

from posterior margin of operculum. Suboperculum serrated.

Suborbital with a strong backwardly directed spine, + length

Fishes from Zululand and Natal. 319

of head. Dorsal XIV 16; third spine strongest and longest,

4 length of head ; soft fin rounded. Pectoral as long as head,

reaching origin of anal or a little beyond; pelvics slightly

shorter, with the first and second rays produced, reaching

origin of anal. Anal III 17; obtusely pointed. Caudal

subtruncate. Scales strongly ctenoid, of moderate size ; 4

from origin of dorsal to lateral line, which is arched over the

pectoral, extends along back near base of dorsal, and ends

near end of soft dorsal. Colour:—Head, back, caudal,

dorsal, and pectoral fins yellow, rest of fish dusky brown ;

dorsal with a narrow dark edge.

A single specimen, 36 mm. in total length, from Durban.

It appears to be related to H. jisheri, Snyder, 1902, from

the Hawaiian Islands, which has three prominent spines on

each suborbital.

Sciena marleyi, sp. n.

Depth of body 32 in the length, length of head 3. Snout

equal to diameter of eye, which is 4 in length of head and

equals interorbital width. Snout obtuse and rounded ; jaws

equal anteriorly ; outer teeth strong; maxillary extending a

little beyond middle of eye; four open pores beneath the

symphysis of lower jaw. Vertical margin of preoperculum

indistinctly serrated ; angle rounded, with three distinct

teeth ; operculum with two weak flat spines. 12 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal X, I 30; spines

slender, third or fourth longest, a little more than 2 length of

head, as long as longest soft rays. Anal II 7; spines

pungent, rather stouter than dorsals, second 2 length of head.

Pectoral % length of head. Pelvics shorter, 3 length of head.

Caudal pointed (?). Scales ciliated on body, cycloid on head ;

about 52 in lateral line, and 6 from origin of dorsal to lateral

line. Silvery ; back darker; a dark opercular spot; a small

blackish spot superiorly in axil of pectoral.

A single specimen, 200 mm. in total length, from off

St. John’s River, at a depth of 40-50 fathoms.

II.— List oF SPECIES NEW TO THE FisH FAUNA OF NATAL.

SELACHIIL

Hexanchide.

Hexanchus griseus, Mill. & Henle.

Carchariide.

Galeus canis, Rondel,

Sphyrna zygena, Linn.

320 Mr. J. R. Norman on

Pristide.

Pristis pectinatus, Latham.

Trygonide.

Trygon pastinaca, Linn.

TELEOSTEL

Clupeide.

Harengula punctata, Rupp.

vittata, Cuv. & Val.

Engraulis capensis, Gilchr.

Congridz.

- Conger marginatus, Val.

Synodontide.

Saurus varius, Lacep.

Saurida nebulosa, Cuy. & Val.

Macrorhamphoside.

Macrorhamphosus velitaris, Pall.

Solenostomide.

Solenostoma cyanopterum, Bleek.

Syngnathide.

Hippocampus kudu, Bleek.

polytenia, Bleek.

Gastrotokeus biaculeatus, Bloch.

Scombresocide.

Petalichthys capensis, Regan.

Exoccetide,

Exocetus hillianus, Gosse.

Mugilide.

Mugil creniiabis, Forsk.

Stromateide.

Psenes cyanophrys, Linn.

Stromateus fiatola, Cuv. & Val.

Holocentride.

Myripristis murdjan, Cuv. & Val.

Pempheridz.

Pempheris schwenkii, Bleek.

the Fish Fauna of Natal,

Serranide.

Epinephelus diacanthus, Bleek.

gilberti, Richards.

—— gigas, Brunn,

Chilodipteride.

Apogon macropterus, Kiihl & van Hass.

Carangide.

Caranx kurra, Cuv. & Val.

Naucrates ductor, Cuv. & Val.

Seriola bonariensis, Cuy. & Val.

Lichia amia, Lacep.

Centropomide.

Ambassts commersoni, Cuv. & Val.

dussumiert, Cuy. & Val.

Lutianidez.

Lutianus analis, Cuy. & Val.

Mullide.

Upeneus spilurus, Bleek.

cyclostoma, Cuy. & Val.

Scizenide.

Sciena vogleri, Bleek.

belangerit, Cuy. & Val.

Pomadasidez.

Pomadasis maculatus, Bloch.

Diagramma punctatum, Cuy. & Val.

Scorpidide.

Pelamys orientalis, Schleg.

Ephippide.

Ephippus orbis, Cuv, & Val.

Chetodontide.

Holacanthus striatus, Riipp.

Cirrhitide.

Cirrhitichthys maculatus, Lacep. ©

Chilodactylide.

Chilodactylus brachydactylus, Cuy. & Val.

Acanthuride.

Zanclus canescens, Artedi,

322 On the Fish Fauna of Natal.

Pomacentridz.

Glyphidodon notatus, Day.

antjerius, Bleek.

Jlorentulus, Ginth.

Labride.

Labroides dimittiatus, Cuv. & Val.

Julis bicolor, Ginth.

Stethojulis phekadopleura, Bleek.

mterrupta, Gunth.

kalosoma, Bleek.

Cossyphus bilunulatus, Lacep.

Novacula tetrazona, Bleek.

pentadactyla, Linn.

Gobiide.

Gobius eneofuscus, Peters.

capistratus, Peters.

Echeneidide.

Echeneis albescens, Schleg.

Scorpenide.

Pterois brachyptera, Cuv. & Val.

Hoplichthyidz.

Hoplichthys acanthopleurus, Regan.

Blenniide.

Blennius hyphenetes, Wlunz.

capito, Cuv. & Val.

Salarias periophthalmus, Ouv. & Val.

Xiphasia setifer, Swainson.

Clinide.

Trypterygium obtusirostre, Klunz,

pusillum, Klunz.

Tetrodontide.

Spheroides spinosissimus, Regan,

Diodontide.

Diodon maculatus, Ginth.

Pleuronectide.

Cynoglossus lida, Bleek.

First Eremochetous Dipteron with Vestigial Wings. 323

XLI.—The First Eremochetous Dipteron with Vestigial

Wings. By Prof. M. Bezzi, Turin, Italy.

In my paper on the reduction and disappearance of the wings

in the Diptera* I have pointed out the fact that this pheno-

menon is very rare in the suborder of the Diptera Brachycera.

In a total of 384 cases observed (adding to my list on

pp. 165-182 those appended at end of the present paper), we

have the following figures :—

Suborder Orthorrhapha Nematocera . . . 140

Orthorrhapha Brachycera . . . 12

Cyclorrhapha Athericera. . . . 282

And even the few species of the Brachycera are represented

exclusively by some Empidide and Dolichopodide, both

belonging to the same group of the Orthogenya (Microphona).

All the other groups of the suborder are exempt (the Hypo-

cera being placed with the Cyclorrhapha) ; in the Knergopoda

there are a few Asilide in which the wings show a tendency

towards reduction both in the size and in venation, but these

cases seem to be unworthy of consideration. It was therefore

with the greatest interest that I received, some months ago,

through the courtesy of Dr. Charles P. Alexander, Urbana,

Ill., U.S.A., two specimens of a subapterous Dipteron from

‘Tasmania, sent to him with a collection of Tipulide. Ona

superficial examination the insect is indeed very like a wingless

female of the genus Zipula, of which there are numerous

cases in all parts of the world. It was first believed to be a

Bibionid or a Rhagionid (Leptid), but at once I recognized

in it a Chiromyzid, judging it to be a wingless female of some

Australian species of Chiromyza or of Metoponia.

In the meantime, a papert by Mr. G. H. Hardy, of the

Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S.W., has appeared, in

which an insect almost identical is described as a new genus

and species under the name of Boreoides subulatus, with the

interesting notice that it has been preserved for many years

in the Melbourne Museum under the MS. name of Boreomyia

subulata, Walker. The genus is considered to be nearly

allied to Chiromyza. I am also of the same opinion. The

atrophied mouth-parts, the form of the head and antenne, the

* “ Riduzione e scomparsa delle ali negli Insetti Ditteri,”’ Rivista di

Sci. Nat. “ Natura,” Milano, vol. vii. 1916, pp. 85-182, 11 figs.

t ‘A Revision of the Chiromyzini (Diptera,” Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W.

xlv. 1920, pp. 582-642, pls. xxix., xxx.

324 Prof. M. Bezzi on the First

greatly developed and bisected front coxe, the subulate

abdomen of the female with the last segments ovipositor-like,

are as in the South-American forms of Chiromyza, in which

there is also a great difference of size in the sexes *.

It is important to notice that this first Stratiomyiid with

vestigial wings is so advanced in wing-reduction, being nearly

apterous and with the posterior part of the thorax undeveloped.

It seems to be not rare in New South Wales and Victoria,

the times of appearance being February, March, and May ;

most specimens have been found in the mountains.

In my opinion the Australian species of Chiromyza belong

to a genus different from the true South-American one, the

third longitudinal vein being typically forked (even if

Mr. Hardy has shown the variability of this character) in

Australian species, while it is typically simple in the American

ones. In this case the name Soreoides can be used for the

Australian Chiromyza’s, even for those with normally winged

females. The apterous condition of the female sex only is

not of generic value, as shown, for example, by the genus

Tipula.

In a recent paper by Dr, G. Enderlein (“Ueber die

phyletisch alteren Stratiomyidensubfamilien,” in Mitteil.

Zoolog. Mus. Berlin, x. 1921, pp. 153-214) a new genus

Archimyza was erected for what seems to be the species

described and figured by Hardy under the name of Chiromyza

australis, Macquart.

In comparing the two Tasmanian specimens before me with

the figures and descriptions of the type-species subulatus, I

have found some differences of great value, and it seems

better to separate them as a new form, although on p. 541-of

his paper Mr. Hardy says:—“ Specimens from ‘Tasmania

taken on the summit of Mt. Wellington, and one taken by

Mr. C. E. Cole near Bellerive, Hobart, undoubtedly belong

to this species, but unfortunately they are not available for

study at the time of writing this paper.”

Boreoides tasmaniensis, sp. n., 2. (See figure.)

Type-female and an additional specimen of same sex in the

South Australian Museum from Hobart, Tasmania (Lea).

Length of body 16-17 mm.

Agreeing with Hardy’s description and figure of subulatus

female, but differing in the following points :—

(a) The third antennal joint has the annulation very

distinct and deep, being divided into three parts.

* Several pairs of Chiromyza fuscana, Wied., from Paraguay in my

collection, taken im copula by Mr. Schrottky, measure 8-9 mm. in length

in the males and 15-17 mm. in the females.

Eremochetous Dipteron with Vestigial Wings. 325

(6) There is no distinct scutellum; the back of the meso-

notum presents only indistinct furrows close to its posterior

border, from which the scutellum or the metanotum cannot

be recognized. This is well shown in the photograph.

the thorax the posterior cox are placed in contact with the

intermediate ones.

(d) The rudiments of the wings are well developed, being

much more than “minute prominences.” In the type-

specimen they are 2mm. long, and have a stalk-like basal

part and a dilated terminal portion. The rudiments of the

halteres are less developed.

(ec) The back of the mesonotum has a distinct pattern,

being reddish yellow, with a broad, longitudinal, complete

Boreoides tasmaniensis, sp.n., 2. Hobart, Tasmania; type and co-type

in South Australian Museum. Enlarged photo, by Rag. A,

Lucchetti, Turin.

blackish stripe, which ends in front of the first posterior

furrow. ‘The abdominal pattern, when distinguishable, is the

same as in subulatus.

Additional Note.—Since this was written, I have received,

through the courtesy of Mr. Hardy, a female paratype of his

Boreoides subulatus. Comparing this specimen with the type

of Bor. tasmaniensis, I have found that the differences in the

annulation of third antennal joint and in the position of hind

cox are not constant, being similar in the two species. On

the other hand, there are very important differences in the

shape of scutellum, in the length of wing-rudiments, and in

the coloration of the back of mesonotum. I find, moreover,

that the legs of tasmaniensis ave considerably more thin and

326 Prof. M. Bezzi on the First

slender than those of subulatus; in this latter species the hind

tarsi are distinctly thickened, while in tasmaniensis they are

thin. The colour of the legs is, moreover, much lighter in

tasmaniensis, the tibizs and tarsi being entirely yellowish,

while in subulatus they are mainly black.

ADDITIONS TO MY CATALOGUE OF THE DESCRIBED DIPTERA

WITH REDUCED OR ABORTED WINGS.

Most of the following species have been described subse-

quently to the preparation of my paper of 1916, or, owing to —

the war, have not come to my knowledge ; a few of the older

records have been previously overlooked by me.

With the following 45 additions the number of cases

observed (corresponding exclusively to degrees 3-8 of my

gradation, pp. 99-110) amounts to 384.

I, OnTHORRHAPHA NEMATOCERA (140).

Fam. Tanyderide (1).

. Protoplasa vanduzeei, Alexander, Ent. News, xxix. p. 285 (1918).—

California,

Fau. Tipulidz (28).

3. Tipula variipennis, Meigen, Syst. Beschr.i. p. 183 (1818).—Europe.

3. 7. luteipennis, Meigen, Syst. Beschr. vi. p. 288 (1880).—Europe.

5. 7’. gynaptera, Alexander, Journ, N.Y. Ent. Soc. xxvi. p. 72 (1918).

—Siberia.

5. T. rothschildi, Alexander, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1920, p. 818 (1920).—

Abyssinia.

5. T. imperfecta, Riedel, Voy. All.-Jeann., Dipt. iii. p. 94 (1914).—

Kilimandjaro, Africa,

5. 7. chionotdes, Alexander, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus. xvii. p. 164, fig. 2

(1917).—South Africa.

4. T. subapterogyne, Alexander, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer, xiii. p. 266

(1920).—Formosa.

. T. whitneyi, Alexander, Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc. xxvi. p. 73 (1918).

—Pribilof Islands.

. T. abortiva, Alexander, Ent. News, xxv. p. 358 (1914).—Peru.

. Longurio micropteryx, Alexander, Ann. 8, Afr, Mus. xviii. p. 217

(1921).—South Africa.

[on oe

Fam. Limoniidz (30).

4, Tricyphona hannai, Alexander, Can. Ent. 1917, p, 209.—Pribilof

Islands.

3. Tr. degenerata, Alexander, Can. Ent. 1917, p. 207.—Colorado,

U.S.A.

3. Gynoplistia bona, Alexander, Ins. Insc. menstr. 1920, p. 123.—New

Zealand.

3. Limnophila rhicnoptiloides, Alexander, Can. Arct. Exped. 1919, p. 6 e

(1919).—N.W. Arctic Territories.

Evremochetous Dipteron with Vestigial Wings. = 327

. L. subaptera, Alexander, Can. Ent. 1917, p. 207; and Proc. Cal.

Acad, Sci. x. p. 38 (1920).—California,

. Platylimnobia barnardi, Alexander, Ann. 8S. African Mus. xvii.

p. 150, fig. 1 (1917).—South Africa.

. Plat. pumila, Alexander, Ann. 8. African Mus. xviii. p. 196 (1921).

—South Africa.

. Erioptera sp., Riedel, Voy. All.-Jean., Dipt. iu. p. 83 (1914).—

Kilimandjaro, Africa.

. Chionea primitiva, Alexander, Can. Ent. 1917, p. 204.--New York,

U.S.A.

. Ch. gracilis, Alexander, Can. Ent. 1917, p. 206.—New York, U.S.A.

. Ch. noveboracensis, Alexander, Can. Ent. 1917, p. 205.—New York,

U.S.A.

on oOo —£ oO on -

Fam, Scatopside (2).

3. Coboldia formicarum, Melander, St. Coll. of Wash., Bull. 130, p. 17,

pl. i. fig. 4 (1916).— Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Fam. Sciaride (32).

8. Epidapus absoloni, Czizek, Wien. ent. Zeit. xxxiv. p. 374 (1916).—

Europe.

8. Landrockia moravica, Czizek, Wien. ent. Zeit. xxxvi. p. 290, fig.

(1917).—Europe.

4, Sciara heteroptera, De Meijere, Tijdschr. v. Entom. lvi. p. 318

(1913).—Java,

II, ORTHORRHAPHA BRACHYCERA (12),

Fam, Stratiomyidz (2).

6. Boreotdes subulatus, Hardy, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xlv. p. 540,

pl. xxx. figs. 17-22 (1920).—Australia.

6. Bor. tasmaniensis, Bezzi, described in the present paper (1922),—

Tasmania.

Fam. Empidide (8).

8. Pieltainia iberica, Arias, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1919, p. 479,

figs. 1-12.—Spain. This is the undetermined genus and species

of the first list.

5. Geodromia subaptera, Arias in litt, (1920).—Spain.

Ill. CycLoRRHAPHA ATHERICERA (282).

> Fam. Phoride (85),

8. Ptochomyia afra, Silvestri, Bull. Lab. Zool. Portici, xiv. p. 275,

figs, ii1.—ix. (1921).—Cameroon, Africa, With the var. parviceps

(Nigeria) and daticeps (French Guinea).

8. Chonocephalus jamarcensis, Brues, Psyche, xxii. p. 102 (1915).—

Jamaica,

8. Stethopathusa corporaali, Schmitz, Bol. Soc. ent. Espatia, 1921,

p. 96, fig —Sumatra *.

* In this same paper Schmitz has the two new genera zn /itt., Neopulz-

ciphora and Aptinandria, this last with both the sexes apterous,

328 First Eremochetous Dipteron with Vestigial Wings.

Fam. Borboride (15).

4. Leptocera (Scotophilella) pseudonivalis, Dahl, Sitzber. Ges. naturf.

Freunde Berlin, 1909, p. 869; Duda, 1918.—Europe.

4, Lept. (Puncticorpus) brevipennis, Duda, Abhandl. zool.-bot. Ges.

Wien, x. p. 93, pl. vi. fig. 17 (1918).—Germany *.

Fam. Drosophilidz (2).

3. Drosophila notabilis, Lamb, Trans. Linn, Soc. London, 1914, p. 829,

fig. 16.—Seychelles Islands,

3. Oxycamilla acutipennis, Loew, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. ix. p. 269 (1865).

—South Europe, Mediterranean countries,

Fam. Oscinide (6).

4, Neuropachys brachyptera, Thalhammer, Mem. Ann. Soc. Sci.

Bruxelles, xxxvii. p. 342 (1913).—Belgium.

6. Myrmecosepsis hystrix, Kertész, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. xil. p. 244,

figs. 1-2 (1914).—Formosa.

Fam. Geomyzide (5).

3. Mutiloptera apicalis, Meigen, Syst. Beschr. vi. p. 109 (1830) ; termz-

nalis, Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. vi. p. 2535 (1847).—North and

Middle Europe.

4. Mut. alluaudi, Hendel, Deutsch. entom, Zeitschr. 1917, p.39, fig. 3.

—Kilimandjaro, Africa. In this same paper, p. 39, Hendel has

changed the name of the North-American Mut. apicalis, Coquillet,

to Mut. coqguilletti, Hendel.

Fam. Ortalidz (1).

. Steneretma laticauda, Loew, Mon. N.A. Dipt. iii. p. 187 (1873).—

Texas, U.S.A.

iS)

Fam. Hippoboscide (30).

. Lipoptena pauciseta, Edwards, Journ, Fed. Malay St. Mus, viii.

p. 55, figs. 27, 28 (1919).—Sumatra.

be |

Fam. Nycteribiide (58).

(oo)

. Penicillidia corynorhini, Ferris, Ent. News, xxvii. p. 485, pl. xxiii.

fig. 3 (1916).—U.S.A. =

8. Pen. majuscula, Edwards, Journ. Fed. Malay St. Mus. viii. p. 58

(1919).—Sumatra.

8. Eremoctenia progressa, Muir, Bull. Mus. Zool. Harvard, liv. p. 351,

pl. ii. figs. 8. 10 (1912); Scott, 1917.—A mboina,

8. Basilia silve, Bréthes, Bol. Mus, nacion. 1913, p. 1.—Chile.

* Leptocera paradoxa, Stenhamimar, is considered by Duda, 1918, as a

synonym of Pteremis nivalis, Hal.

On some new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 329

XLII.—Some new Brazilian Gonyleptide. By Metuo-

Lerrao, M.D., Fellow of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

and of the Entomological Society of France.

I nave strictly followed in this paper Roewer’s syste-

matic arrangement of Opiliones. The new genera and

species here described are all found in the collections of the

Museums of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and of my own.

Subfam. Pacwyzivz.

Genus Neorucro.ia, Roewer, 1913.

Neopucrolia bituberculata, sp. n.

? .—7 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax smooth. LEye-

turret as a high bifid tubercle, with two small apical

spines. Abdominal scutum with the sides evenly rounded,

widening to the level of area iii., and then narrowing

and making a right angle with the posterior margin of the

scutum. Abdominal scutum with five transverse striz,

iii. and iv.-v, united by a longitudinal groove; lateral

fields with a row of minute granules; the median fields

smooth; iii. with two low tubercles; i., ii., iv., and v.

unarmed. Abdominal free dorsal segments smooth and

unarmed. Legs i.-ili. slender and weak; legs iv. stronger

and longer than the others together; all the femora

curved, Anterior tarsus with five joints, tarsi 11. and iv.

with six. The femur of the pedipalp with au apical inner

spine and with the low surface spined.

Hab. Alto da Serra (S. Paulo).

Type in the 8S. Paulo Museum.

Genus Uropacuy.vs, nov.

Eye-turret elevated in a median cone. Cephalothorax

narrow. Margins of the abdominal scutum evenly rounded

at the sides to groove v., then narrowing and making a

right angle with the hinder margin. Dorsal scutum with

five transverse grooves, 1. and 11. united by a longitudinal

groove. Field i. with two low tubercles; 11. unarmed ;

ill, with two median spines; iv., v., and dorsal free seg-

ments i. and ii. unarmed; dorsal free segment ii. with a

strong median spine; anal dorsal plate unarmed. Coxe

1.-i1. weak and parallel; coxa iv. twice stronger and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 22

330 Dr. Mello-Leitio on some

longer than the three others together. Chelicerze normal

and equal in the two sexes. Pedipalps shorter than body ;

femur unarmed, without apical inner spine. Legs short

and stout. ‘Tarsus i. with 3-5 joints, 11. with more than 6;

ii. and iv. with 6. Tarsi i. and iv. with terminal claws

without teeth.

Type.

Uropachylus striatus, sp. n.

3 .—5 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax smooth ; portion

before the eye-turret with a small blunt elevation, all

the rest smooth. Lye-turret with a strong median spine.

Field i. of the abdominal scutum with two stronger

and two weaker tubercles; i. with numerous granules

unevenly disposed, forming a median gathering; iui. with

two high spines and some granules at the base ; iv., v., and

dorsal “free segments 1, and li. with a transverse row of

granules. Dorsal free segment ii. with a strong median

. spine and a transverse row of granules; anal dorsal plate

with two rows of granules. All the ventral surface smooth.

Coxa iv. very granular and with a small apical inner spine.

he body is black, with transverse and longitudinal grooves

brown ; marginal fields testaceous ; in the dorsal free seg-

ments narrow light bands ; ventral free segments with a row

of small light points and a brown line; stigmatic segment

brown-yellow with an asteriform (A) black figure. Pedipalps

aud anterior legs spotted; legs ii. and iv. chestnut.

Hab. Pinheiro (Rio de Janeiro).

‘Type in the 8S. Paulo Museum.

Genus METEUSARCOIDES, nov.

Eye-turret closer to the anterior margin than to first

transverse groove, very high, blunt, with a small median

tubercle. Dorsal scutum with five transverse grooves, 1. and

ii. united by a longitudinal groove. Cephalothorax narrow ;

margins of the abdominal scutum evenly rounded to

groove iv., then narrowing and making a right angle with

the hinder margin. Fields 1. and il. unarmed ; ii. with

two high median tubercles ; iv., v., and dorsal free segments

i. and 11. unarmed ; dorsal free ‘segment 11, with a very high

median cone. Pedipalps shorter than the body; the femur

with an apical inner spine. Legs stout and short. Tarsus i.

with 5 joints; 11. ?, ili. ?, iv. with 6.

Male unknown.

Ty pe.

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 331 °

Meteusarcoides mutilatus, sp. n.

2? .—7 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax with three small

teeth over the base of chelicerze; anterior marginal field

with two small spines; cephalothorax unevenly granular ;

eye-turret granular, with a small apical tubercle. Fields 1.-

iv. unevenly granular; field ii. with two median high

tubercles ; marginal lateral fields and v. with a granular

row, as free dorsal segments i. and ii. Free dorsal segment

iil. elevated in a stout median cone, unevenly granular.

Stigmatic segment minutely granular ; free ventral seg-

ments with two rows of granules. Hinder coxe very

granular. Femur i. with a stout inner apical spine; femur

iv. with numerous short spines. Ventral surface and legs

chestnut ; dorsal scutum chestnut ; the cephalothorax with

a large white spot at each side of the eye-turret ; field i. all

white ; field 11. with two lateral white spots.

Hab. Itatyaya. Coll. Carlos Moreira.

Type in the National Museum (Rio de Janeiro).

Genus YPIRANGA, Nov.

Eye-turret closer to anterior margin than to first trans-

verse groove, elevated, with a median blunt tubercle.

Dorsal scutum with five transverse grooves, i. and ii. united

by a longitudinal groove. Cephalothorax narrow ; lateral -

margins of the abdominal scutum evenly rounded to

groove iv. Fields i. and ii. of the dorsal scutum with two

median low tubercles; field ii, with two high spines or

tubercles ; fields iv. and v. and dorsal segments i. and ii.

unarmed; free dorsal segment ili. with a high median

spine. Pedipalps shorter than the body, with the femur

unarmed, without spines on the under face or on the apex.

Legs stout ; tarsi i., ili., and iv. with six joints, iil. with

seven.

The male with processes and spines in the basal joints

of the posterior legs.

Type.

Ypiranga ypiranga, sp. u.

3 .—5 mm. -

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax -with three median

Spines over the basal joint of cheliceree, the median

stouter. Eye-turret granular, with a high median blunt

tubercle; all the cephalothorax with minute granules

22*

332 Dr. Mello-Leitio on some

unevenly scattered. Fields i. and iv. of the abdominal

scutum minutely granular ; fields i. and ii. with two median

blunt tubercles; field iii. with two median spines a little

curved with inner concavity ; lateral fields and v. with a row

of granules. Free dorsal segments 1,-1ii. with a row of

granules, ii. also with a high median spine directed back-

wards. Coxa iv. granular, with an apical spur, directed

obliquely backwards ; trochanters with two spurs at the

inner side. Femur a little bowed, with stout spines and a

basal spur on the outer side. Body roast-yellow concolour ;

the legs with the apical third pitch-black.

Hab. Ypiranga (S. Paulo).

Type in the 8. Paulo Museum.

Genus Discocyrrus, Holmberg, 1878.

Discocyrtus vestitus, sp. n.

36 .—8 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax unarmed and

smooth. Eye-turret closer to anterior margin than to first

transverse groove, with two close high spines; cephalo-

thorax unevenly granular and with two small median

tubercles behind the eye-turret. Abdominal dorsal scutum

with five transverse grooves, 1.-ii. and iv.-v. united by

longitudinal grooves in the median line. Fields i. and i.

unarmed and unevenly granular; ii. with scattered

granules and with two high median spines; iv. with two

rows of large granules ; lateral fields with a marginal row

of small tubercles and an inner row of minute granules.

Field v. and free dorsal segments 1-111. with two rows of

eranules. Coxa iv. granular, with an outer apical spur,

curved at the apex and with a branch at its underside; tro-

chanter with a short basal spur at its imner side and two

apical spurs at its outer and inner side; femur strongly

curved, with rows of stout spies. Femur of the pedipalps

with an apical inner spine and a basal spine at its underside.

All the underside olive-brown; dorsal secutum blackish

brown-olive with the granules yellow; spines of field 111.

black; the grooves of the dorsal scutum are white, and

there are two white spots on the cox iv. near the seutum;

chelicerze blackish,with olivaceous points; pedipalps brownish

vellow. Coxe i. and 1. pale yellow ; the other segments

much darker. Legs iv. chestnut with blackish spines with

yellow tips.

Hab. Poco Grande (S. Paulo).

Type in the S. Paulo Museum,

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 333

Subfam. Gowyrerrin2.

Genus Pacuytisunus, Roewer, 1913.

Pachylibunus gomesianus, sp. 0.

3 .—12mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax almos., smooth,

only with a smail median tooth. Cephalothorax granular.

Hye-turret closer to anterior margin than to first

transverse groove, with a very high median sharp spine.

Abdominal scutum with four transverse grooves, i.—il.

united by a median longitudinal groove. Marginal fields

with a marginal row of tubercles and two rows of smaller

granules, more unevenly disposed. Field 1. with small

granules unevenly scattered; ii. with two rows of granules

a little larger than those of i.; 1. and i. unarmed,

without spines or median tubercles ; iii. with two median

blunt low tubercles and small granules unevenly scattered ;

iv. and free dorsal segments 1.-i11, with a tranverse row of

granules, the medians a little larger and more apart than

the others. Coxaiy. witha big apical spur, curved backwards

and downwards and with a basal branch; trochanter with a

large spur curved upwards and forwards, crossing the coxal

spur. Femur almost right with a basal upper spur, another

median and three outer apical. Femur of the pedipalps

with an apical inner spine and two basal under spines.

Tarsus i. with six joints; ii., 111., and iv. with more than

six. All the body black, concolour.

Hab. Ouro Preto. Coll. Dr. Carlos de Magalbaes Gomes.

Type in my own collection.

Genus PROGONYLEPTOIDES, Nov.

Eye-turret much closer to anterior margin than to first

transverse groove of the dorsal scutum, very low and with-

out tubercles or spines. Dorsal scutum with four trans-

verse grooves, i. and il. united by a median longitudinal

groove. Cephalothorax narrow; lateral margins of ab-

dominal scutum evenly rounded as far as_ transverse

groove lli., and forming a right angle with the hinder

margin, Fields i. to iv. and free dorsal segments 1. to 1ii.

unarmed, without spies or median tubercles. Coxe 1.111.

weak and parallel; coxa iv. twice longer and stouter than

the others together. Cheliceree normal and equal in both

sexes. Pedipalps shorter than the body; femur with

spines at the underside, but without apical spine at the

inner side. Legs short and stout; femur iv. curved, with

334 Dr. Mello-Leitiio on some

spines and teeth in the male. Tarsus i. with six joints,

ii. to iv. with more than six; tarsi iii. and iv. with two

spurs without teeth, and pseudonychium ever present,

without scopula.

Type.

Progonyleptes inermis, sp. 0.

3 .—l10 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax smooth; the .

anterior field before the eye-turret with a little elevation,

with two small tubercles. Hye-turret ae low, smooth,

without tubercles or spines. Fields 1., i1., and 111. smooth,

unarmed, without tubercles or Peet iv. and mar-

ginal fields ae an even row of granules ; free dorsal

segments i., ii., and iil. with a row of small tubercles; anal

dorsal eae Na and unarmed. Coxa iv. with a large

apical outer spur, directed sidewards, bifid, the under branch

larger than superior ; femur iv. curved, with a basal upper

spur and two strong apical spines. All the body chestnut

concolour.

Hab. Alto da Serra (S. Paulo).

Type in the S. Paulo Museum.

Genus InHata, Roewer, 19138.

Iihaia fluminensis, sp. 0.

? .—7 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax with two small

spines at lateral corners and with a median upper bifid

tubercle. Eye-turret closer to anterior margin than

to first transverse groove, with two small close spines.

Abdominal scutum with four transverse grooves, 1. and il.

united by a median longitudinal groove; fields i., ii., and

iil, with two median blunt tubercles and with some granules

unevenly scattered ; marginal fields with a row of granules ;

field iv. and free dorsal segment i. with two low blunt median

tubercles and a row of granules; free dorsal segments ii.

and iii. with a row of granules and a small median cone;

anal dorsal plate unevenly granular, as well as the stigmatic

segment and the coxe ; free ventral segments with a row

of eranules. Pedipalps shorter than body; the femur

without spines is the inner and under side. Tarsus i. with

six joints; ii., 1ii., and iv. with more than six. Body con-

colour, from cherant to black.

Tab. Pinheiro (Rio de Janeiro). Collected by myself.

Type in the 8. Paulo Museum.

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 335

Genus Gonyteprtts, Kirby, 1818.

Gonyleptes longicornis, sp. 1.

3 .—10 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax smooth and

without dorsal elevation. Hye-turret almost separated

from the anterior margin and from first transverse

groove; much elevated and with two high pit-harped

spines, very close. Cephalothorax narrow, smooth, with

two small, low, blunt median tubercles just behind the eye-

turret. Abdominal scutum with four transverse grooves,

i. and ii. united by a median longitudinal one; fields 1. and

ii. with two blunt median tubercles and one row of granules ;

field 111. with two high and stout median spines and two

transverse rows of granules, close to transverse grooves ill.

and iv.; marginal fields with one single row of granules or

small tubercles. Field iv. and free dorsal segments unarmed,

each with a row of large granules; anal dorsal plate minutely

granular, Stigmatic segment and free ventral segments

thickly granular, as well as coxe iv. Coxa iv. with an

apical outer spur long, slender, almost transverse, curved

and sharp-tipped, without accessory branch; trochanter

with a low spur at its upperside ; femur right, with small

spines at its outer side; two stout curved spines on the apical

third at the inner side, and with a stout spine on the median

third at its upperside. Pedipalps shorter than body ; the

ae with an apical spine. ‘Tarsus i. with six joints,

il., ili., and iv. with more than six. All the body mahogany-

ink with paler tubercles.

Hab. Alto da Serra (S. Paulo).

Type in the 8S. Paulo Museum.

Gonyleptes saprophilus, sp. u.

3 .—8 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax with six small

spines, two at each lateral corner and two median ; they

are not dorsal anterior tubercles. Cephalothorax narrow,

smooth, with two small tubercles behind the eye-

turret. Eye-turret closer to anterior margin than to first

transverse groove, with two small close spines. Dorsal

scutum with four transverse grooves, i, and ii, united by a

longitudinal one. Fields i. and ii, with two low median

tubercles, unevenly granular; ii. with two high median

tubercles and also unevenly granular; lateral fields with

three rows of small granules and tubercles; iv. with two

336 Dr. Mello-Leitio on some

transverse rows of very sinall tubercles. Free dorsal seg-

ments unarmed, with a row of granules ; dorsal anal plate

unevenly granular. Coxa iv. granular, with an apical

outer spur, obliquely directed backwards; this spur is short,

blunt, and without accessory branch. Trochanter iv. un-

armed ; femur right with stout spines. Pedipalps shorter

than body, the femur with an apical inner spine. Ventral

surface roast-yellow ; the stigmatic segment bordered with

black. Cephalothorax chestnut, with two large pale yellow

spots ; fields i. to iv. as the cephalothorax, the high spines

on iii. olive-yellow ; marginal fields dark olive-brown with

tips of the tubercles yellowish. Pedipalps and legs olive-

brown ; posterior legs darker with the coxal spur blackish.

Hab. Itatyaya (Rio de Janeiro). Coll. Carlos Moreira.

Type in the National Museum.

Genus ACANTHOGONYLEPTES, nov.

Eye-turret closer to the anterior margin of the cephalo-

thorax than to first transverse groove. Cephalothorax

narrow, parallel-sided ; lateral margins of the abdominal

scutum evenly rounded to transverse groove iil.,

forming a right angle with the hinder margin. Dorsal

scutum with four transverse grooves, 1. and 1. united by

longitudinal one. Fields i., i1., and iii. with two median

tubercles ; iv. and free dorsal segments 1. and 11. unarmed ;

iii. with a median high cone. Pedipalps shorter than body ;

the femur with an apical inner spine. Tarsus i. with six

joints, ii., ii., and iv. with more than six; coxe 1, to ill.

short, slender, and parallel ; iv. stouter and longer than the

others together. Cheliceree weak and normal in both

sexes. Posterior legs in male with spurs and stout spines.

Tarsi ili. and iv. with apical claws without teeth and with

pseudonychium.

Type.

Acanthogonyleptes pulcher, sp. n.

3 .—8 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax with three small

spines at the lateral corners. Hye-turret much closer

to anterior margin than to first transverse groove,

very high, with two small close tubercles. Cephalothorax

narrow and smooth. Fields i., ii., and iil. of the abdominal

dorsal seutum with two median tubercles. The tubercles of

ii. higher than of i., and those of iil. the highest ; every field

with scattered granules; field iv. aud free dorsal segments 1.

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 337

and ii. unarmed, with a transverse row of granules; free

dorsal segment ili. with a small median cone and a transverse

row of small tubercles; dorsal anal plate unevenly granular.

Marginal fields of the dorsal scutum with many granules

unevenly scattered. Coxa iv. granular and with the apical

spur transverse, narrow, with a short branch at the under-

side ; trochanter with a basal outer spur, curved forwards,

and with another inner apical spur; femur almost right

with a bifid spur at the basal third of its upperside, and

with stout sharp spines at the outer side. Pedipalps shorter

than body ; the femur with an apical inner spine. Tarsus 1.

with six joints and the others with more than six. Ventral

surface roast-yellow ; cephalothorax blackish, with two

lateral white spots; field i. of the dorsal scutum with two

white spots concealing the median black tubercles ; field ii.

with two small white spots close to the median tubercles ;

field 111. with two large white spots, each with a mahogany-

brown tubercle and a small round black spot. Chelicerze

olivaceous ; pedipalps pale yellow and legs chestnut.

Hab. 8. Sebastiao Island and Alto da Serra (S. Paulo).

Type in the S. Paulo Museum.

Genus Paracony.eptes, Roewer, 1913.

Paragonyleptes alticola, sp. n.

6 .—7 mm.

Anterior margin of the cephalothorax with two high

median spines and two small ones at every lateral

corner. Cephalothorax narrow, with a shallow pit behind

the eye-turret, and minutely granular. Eye-turret closer to

anterior margin than to first transverse groove and with two

small close spines. Fields i., ii., and iii. with some large

scattered granules, each with two median tubercles, those on

i. very widely separated from each other; closer on ii. ; very

close and highest on ili. Lateral fields with a marginal

row of small tubercles and some scattered granules ; iv. with

a transverse row of granules. Free dorsal segment i. with a

median blunt tubercle and a transverse row of granules ;

free dorsal segments ii. and iii. with a stout median spine

and a row of granules; dorsal anal plate unevenly granular.

Free ventral segments i. to v. with a row of granules ; stig-

matic plate and coxz iv. thickly granular. Coxa iv. with

the inner spur almost obsolete and the outer spur single,

sharp-tipped, with some upright bristles, directed backwards.

Chelicerz dark olive with some minute yellow points ; legs

dusky black with yellow rings; Jegs iv. roast-yellow; the

338 Dr. Mello-Leitiio on some

spur of coxe iv. black. Cephalothorax roast-yellow, un-

evenly spotted with white and with a white band on the

anterior margin; abdominal dorsal scutum yellow, with

black granules; free dorsal segments with narrow yellow

bands with their granules and spines black, and with wide

orange unarmed bands. [ree ventral abdominal segments

as dorsal ; stigmatic plate and coxe iv. roast-y ellow, with

black granules. Femur of pedipalps with an apical inner

spine. Tarsus i. with six joints, il. to iv. with more than

SIX.

Hab. Retiro de Itatyaya (2200 m. high). Coll. Carlos

Moreira.

Type in the National Museum.

Paragonyleptes anomalus, sp. n.

$ .—10 mm.

Anterior margin of eephalothorax with two small spines at

its lateral corners and with a stouter elevation with two

spines at the median line. Cephalothorax narrow, smooth,

with only two small median tubercles behind the eye-turret.

Hye-turret closer to anterior margin than to first transverse

groove, granular and with two close small spines. Abdo-

dominal dorsal scutum with four transverse grooves, 1. and ii.

united by a longitudinal groove; field i. with two low tubercles

and with some scattered granules; fields ii. and iii. with two

median low tubercles and two transverse rows of granules,

close to transverse grooves; lateral marginal fields with an

outer row of small tubercles and an inner row of granules ;

field iv. and free dorsal segment i. unarmed, with a trans-

verse row of stout granules; free dorsal segment ii. with a

small median cone and a transverse row of granules; iii. with

a stout median spur and unevenly granular ; anal plate

with a median process and two rows of granules. Coxa iv.

with a small outer apical spur, directed backwards; tro-

chanter with an apical inner spur, curved upwards ; femur

strongly curved, with a basal dorsal spine and with three

strong spines at the apical inner third. Pedipalps shorter

than body ; femur with one apical spine at the inner side;

the underside unarmed. Tarsus 1. with six segments, ii.,

iii., and iv. with more than six. Body, legs, and pedipalps

light yellow ; cephalothorax a little violet ; in the abdominal

dorsal scutum a large violet V, whose tip is in the field i.

and whose branches touch the lateral margins of the scutum

a little behind the transverse groove i.

Hab. 8. Sebastiao Island (8. Paulo).

T'ype in the 8S. Paulo Museum.

new Brazilian Gonyleptidee. 339

Paragonyleptes fulvigranulatus, sp. 0.

3 .—10 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax with three close

spines at its lateral corners and with two little median

cones at its upperside. Cephalothorax narrow, un-

evenly granular. Kye-turret closer to anterior margin

than to first transverse groove, very high and with two

close sharp spines. Abdominal dorsal scutum with four

transverse grooves, i. and ii, united by a median longi-

tudinal groove. Fields i., ii., and ili. with two median

blunt tubercles and unevenly granular ; field iv. unarmed,

with a transverse row of granules ; marginal fields unevenly

granular. Free dorsal segments i., i1., and ui. with a

median cone and a transverse row of granules. Stigmatic

plate and coxe iv. with scattered granules ; free ventral

segments with a row of granules; coxe iv. with a long outer

spur, a little oblique downwards, with a curved tip and a

short branch at the underside ; femur right, with seriated

spines at its inner and outer side and with a dorsal anvil-like

spur. Underside roast-yellow, with the granules of coxz iv.

and of stigmatic plate dark fulvous. Dorsal scutum dark

yellow with fulvous granules,

Hab. Alto da Serra (S, Paulo).

Type in the 8S. Paulo Museum.

Paragonyleptes triacanthus, sp. 1.

3 .—8 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax with three distinctly

separated spines at its lateral corners and with a median

trident-like process. Hye-turret nearly evenly separated

from anterior margin and of first transverse groove, with

two small cones close to eyes. Abdominal dorsal scutum

with four transverse grooves, i. and ii. united by a median

longitudinal one. Cephalothorax smooth. Fields i. and

i. with two small median low tubercles and unevenly

granular ; field in. with two high blunt median cones

and unevenly granular; marginal fields with a single

row of granules. Field iv. and free dorsal segment i. un-

armed, with a transverse row of granules; free dorsal

segments il. and iii. with a small median cone and a row of

granules. Stigmatic plate with scattered granules. Coxa iv.

with a long apical spur, curved at the apex and with a short

hinder branch ; trochanter with a short apical spur at its

inner side; femur nearly right with a stout aunvil-like

340 Dr. Mello-Leitio on some

process at the upperside, a comb of spines at the outer side,

and with long curved spines at the inner side. Pedipalps

shorter than body ; femur with an apical inner spine and

unarmed at the underside. Tarsus i. with six joints

li., 11., and iv. with more than six. Underside yellow-

brown, with scattered spots in the coxee and with dusky

granules. Cephalothorax dark yellow, with a large median

mahogany-fulvous spot; dorsal scutum olive-brown, and

little dusky spots around the granules. Chelicerss pitch-

black ; pedipalps and legs i. nearly black ; legs ii., iii., and

iv. chestnut ; ; apical spur of coxa iv. black.

Hab, Poco Grande (S. Paulo).

Type in the S. Paulo Museum.

Genus GonyLeprorpEs, Roewer, 1913.

Gonyleptoides moreire, sp. n.

3d .—7 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax smooth, with two

median small cones at its upperside. Eye-turret closer

to auterior margin than to first transverse groove, very

high and with two close spines. Cephalothorax narrow,

with a row of granules around the eye-turret. Dorsal

scutum with four transverse grooves, i. and 1. united by a

longitudinal one. Fields i., 11., and ii. unevenly granular

and with two median low blunt tubercles ; marginal fields

unevenly granular; field iv. and free dorsal segments

unarmed, with a row of granules. Stigmatic plate smooth ;

coxa lv. ‘granular, with a long, very oblique spur, with a

short branch near its tip; trochanter with a spine at its

upperside ; femur right, with a basal spur and four stout

spines at its Inner side. Pedipalps as long as body ; femur

unarmed. Warsi a, ai; wi., and iy: nah more than Six

joints. Body roast-yellow, with the granules of dorsal

scutum chestnut.

Hab. Retiro de de Itatyaya (2200 m. high). Coll. Carlos

Moreira.

Type in the National Museum.

Genus Procontosoma, Roewer, 1913.

Progoniosuma macracanthum, sp. n.

3 .—15 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax smooth, without

spines or dorsal elevations. ye-turret very narrow,

much closer to anterior margin than to first transverse

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 341

groove, with two small spines wide apart, close to eyes.

Cephalothorax narrow, smooth. Dorsal scutum with four

transverse grooves, 1. and il, united by a wide median longi-

tudinal groove. Fields i. and 11. unarmed, smooth, without

granules or tubercles; field ii. only with two median blunt

tubercles ; marginal fields with a single row of small

tubercles ; field iv. and free dorsal segments unarmed, with

a row of granules; anal dorsal plate unevenly granular ;

stigmatic segment smooth. Coxa iv. nearly smooth, with

a short, stout, curved apical spur at its outer side and with

another at its inner side, nearly four times longer, sharp-

tipped, nearly as long as the body; trochanter with a

median outer spur; femur curved, granular, with an apical

spine.

: Underside dark roast-yellow, with a light border around

the stigma. Dorsal scutum dark roast-yellow, spotted

with chestnut. Legs chestnut and pedipalps dark yellow.

Hab. 8. Paulo.

Type in the 8. Paulo Museum.

Genus Acurtisoma, Roewer, 1913.

Acutisoma inscriptum, sp. n.

36 .—l10 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax smooth. Eye-turret

very narrow, with two high spines wide apart. Cephalo-

thorax narrow, smooth. Dorsal scutum with four trans-

verse grooves, 1. and il. united by two median longi-

tudinal grooves. Field i. with two minute median tubercles,

smooth ; 11. unarmed and smooth without spines, tubercles,

or granules; field i111. smooth, with two high and stout

median spines ; field iv. and free dorsal segments i., 11., and

il. with a transverse row of granules, without median spines

or tubercles, but with a cone, directed sidewards and back-

wards at the posterior lateral corners. Anal dorsal plate

smooth. Marginal fields of the dorsal secutum with a row of

small granules. Stigmatic segment smooth; coxaiv.smooth;

i., 1i., and i. with a row of granules. Femur right. Tarsi

1. to jiv. with more than six articles. Pedipalps a little

longer than body ; femur with six spines (3 longer and

3 shorter) at its underside and with two strong apical spines

at its inner side.

Underside roast-yellow, with a silvery border around the

stigmatic openings. Dorsal scutum yellow-violet ; anterior

margin of the cephalothorax greenish, with a median silvery

band ; cephalothorax with lateral margins dusky, and with

342 Dr. Mello-Leitfio on some

a median white V-like spot; eye-turret light yellow.

Grooves on the abdominal dorsal scutum white ; at every

side of the cephalothorax there are white spots and the

marginal fields have a narrow white band; field iv. with a

narrow transverse white band ; dorsal free segments 1. and

ii. with two lateral white small spots. Legs iv. with femur

chestnut and the other segments greenish; femora of

legs i., i1., and ili. smaragdine-green, as also the cheliceree ;

pedipalps with trochanter light yellow and the other seg-

ments green.

Hab. 8. Sebastiio Island (S. Paulo).

Type in the S, Paulo Museum.

Acutisoma monticola, sp. n.

3 .—10 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax smooth, only with a

low median tubercle at its upperside. Hye-turret very

narrow, closer to anterior margin than to transverse

groove i. with two high close spines. Cephalothorax

narrow, granular. Dorsal scutum with four transverse

grooves, 1. and ii. united by two divergent longitudinal

grooves. Field i. with two small median tubercles and some

large scattered granules ; field ii. unarmed, without spines

or tubercles, only with some scattered granules ; ili. with

two high median cones and few granules; iv. and free

dorsal segments i., ii., and ii. with a row of granules with-

out median tubercles or spines, but with two cones at the

lateral corners, directed backwards and sidewards; anal

dorsal plate unarmed; marginal fields of the dorsal scutum

with two rows of granules. Stigmatic segment smooth ;

ventral free segments with a row of granules ; cox i, to lil.

with a row of tubercles; iv. thickly granular. Femur

very long, right; all the tarsi with more than six joints.

Pedipalps as long as the body ; its femur with five spines at

the underside and an apical strong spine at the inner side.

Underside chestnut ; the tubercles of the cox are dark

yellow. Legs, cheliceree, and pedipalps chestnut, the pedi-

palps thickly spotted with olive-yellow. Cephalothorax

fulvous-black, with a median white band behind the eye-

turret, which is lighter ; at every side there is a row of small

silver-white spots. Dorsal scutum chestnut, with a median

longitudinal white band, which is forked behind the spines

of field iii, and has a short transverse branch close to

grooves ii, and iii., white; marginal fields thickly spotted

with white.

Hab. Campos do Jordao (S. Paulo).

Type in the S. Paulo Museum.

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 343

Acutisoma proximum, sp. N.

fo .—12 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax smooth, without spines

or tubercles. Eye-turret narrow, closer to anterior margin

than to groove 1., with two small tubercles close to eyes.

Cepthalothorax narrow, granular. Abdominal dorsal

scutum with four transverse grooves, i. and ii. united by two

divergent longitudinal grooves. Marginal fields with an

outer row of small tubercles and an inner one of granules;

fields i. and ii. unarmed, with scattered granules ; iii. with

two high median spines and scattered granules ; fieldiv. and

free dorsal segments 1. to 111. with a row of granules and two

divergent cones at their lateral corners; anal dorsal plate

unarmed and unevenly granular. Stigmatic segment

smooth ; cox i. to ill. with a row of granules. Pedipalps

as long as body ; femur with three stout and four shorter

spines at its underside, and with two sharp apical spines

at its inner side. Legs very long; the femur of legs iv. with

a row of stout spines at its inner side; coxe iv. with the

apical outer spur long, narrow, nearly transverse, with a

“short hinder branch ; the apical inner spur short, ‘forming

a cone like those of the dorsal free segments of abdomen ;

trochanter with a median outer spur curved forwards, and

another apical at its upperside curved backwards. All the

tarsi with more than six joints.

Underside roast-yellow. Dorsal scutum olive-yellow, the

anterior margin of cephalothorax dusky, and the tubercles

of eye-turret light yellow; the cephalothorax has, behind

the eye-turret, a wide white V. ‘Transverse grooves white ;

scutum with a wide median white band bordered with narrow

chestnut lines. Basal third of femur iv. blackish with a

white spot; legs chestnut. Pedipalps smaragdine-green ;

chelicere lhght green.

Hab. Alto da Serra (S. Paulo).

Type in the S. Paulo Museum.

Subfam. Mrrozarivz.

Genus Neomirozates, Roewer, 1913.

Neomitobates ornatus, sp. vu

S$ .—6 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax smooth, without spines

or tubercles. Eye-turret closer to anterior margin than to

transverse groove i., granular, and with two “high close

spines. Cephalothorax narrow, with a median granular

344 Dr. Mello-Leitio on some

area behind eye-turret. Dorsal scutum with four trans-

verse grooves, i. and ii. united by a longitudinal median

groove. Field i. with a median, very thickly granular

area and a transverse row of small granules close to groove

i.; field ii. unevenly granular; field iii. with two median,

very high, sharp spines bordered with little granules and with

two transverse rows of spines close to transverse groves lil.

and iv.; field iv. with two low median cones and a transverse

row of granules; marginal fields with two rows of granules.

Free dorsal segments i. to iii, unarmed, with a row of granules;

anal dorsal plate unevenly granular. Outer apical spur of

coxa iv. very curved, with a short branch at its underside ;

trochanter with a short apical outer spur, curved forwards ;

femora very long and slender. Tarsus i. with six joints,

ll., i. and iv. with more than six. Pedipalps as long as

body ; its femur unarmed.

2 .—5 mm.

Very similar to male, but the femur much shorter (femur

iv. 12 mm. in female and 45 mm. in male), and with the

spines of field iv. very high. Colour the same in both sexes.

Dorsal scutum brownish black ; cephalothorax with a wide

median olive-yellow band; spines of eye-turret light yellow ;

granules of cephalothorax and abdominal scutum light

yellow ; transverse grooves white ; in field iii. there is a’ little

white, T-like groove behind the median blackish spines ;

field iv. light yellow. Legs chestnut.

Hab. Poco Grande, Alto da Serra and Franca (S. Paulo).

Type in the 8. Paulo Museum.

Genus Ancistrotus, Koch, 1839.

Ancistrotus nigricans, sp. n.

3 .—5d mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax with two or three little

spines at its lateral corners and with a median thickly

granular elevation at its upperside. Eye-turret closer to

anterior margin than to transverse groove i., smooth, with

two high close spines. Cephalothorax smooth. Abdominal

dorsal scutum with four transverse grooves, ii. and 1. united

by a longitudinal groove. Field i. with two median, low,

blunt tubercles and some scattered granules ; il. with a

transverse row of minute tubercles; 11. with two high

median spines, bordered by a single row of granules; iv. un-

armed, with two rows of granules ; marginal fields with a

single row of granules. Pedipalps as long as body; the

femur with an apical inner spine and underside unarmed.

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 345

Tarsus i. with six joints, 1i., ili., and iv. with more than

six. ‘l'arsi lil. and iv. with two untoothed claws and with

pseudonychium, without scopula.

Underside roast-yellow. Dorsal scutum chestnut, blackish,

with eye-turret spines lighter; spines of field iii. black,

as the posterior border of field ili. Pedipalps yellow ; legs

chestnut.

Hab. Campos do Jordiio (S. Paulo).

Type in the S. Paulo Museum.

Subfam. Ca@rorraiv2z.

Genus Caxoryeus, Koch, 1889.

Celopygus leucopheus, sp. n.

3.—8 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax with two short spines

at its lateral corners and with two small median cones at its

upperside. Eye-turret closer to anterior margin than to

transverse groove 1., low, with two close small cones.

Cephalothorax narrow, with scattered granules. Abdominal

scutum much enlarged, wider than long, with four trans-

verse grooves, 1. and 11. united by a longitudinal groove.

Fields 1. and 11. with two median low tubercles and some

scattered granules ; 11. with two high median spines and

more granular than i. or il. ; iv. and free dorsal segments

i, to ili, unarmed, with a transverse row of granules ;

marginal fields with two rows of small tubercles and

some granules scattered in the posterior third. Dorsal

anal plate smooth. Stigmatic segment and _ under-

side of cox iv. thickly granular. Outer apical spur of

coxa iv. transverse, long, curved, in a spiral line; tro-

chanter iv. with a median outer spur directed outwards and

forwards ; femur right, with a row of curved stout spines at

its inner side, and a row of shorter spines at the basal third

of its upperside. Pedipalps a little longer than body, with

slender unarmed femur, All the tarsi with more than six

segments; the basal joints normal, not widened. Tarsi iii.

aud iv. with two dentated claws, with a pseudonychium, with-

out scopula,

Cephalothorax and dorsal abdominal scutum whitish ;

marginal fields hght yellow. On fields i. and ii. the tubercles

are in brown spots and the granules of field of dorsal seutum

are also brown ; the median spines of field iii. light yellow,

with fulvous tips ; field iv. blackish ; dorsal anal plate with

Ann, & Mag. N. Mist, Ser. 9. Vol, ix. 23

346 Dr. Mello-Leitio on some

two large triangular white spots, bordered with black ; stig-

matic segment and cox olive-yellow, with black granules ;

apical outer spur of coxa iv. black. Legs 1. to 11., pedi-

palps, and chelicerve light yellow; femur iv. chestnut.

Hab. Pogo Grande (Ss. Paulo).

Type in the 8. Paulo Museum,

Genus LIARTHRODES, nov.

Kye-turret closer to anterior margin of cephalothorax

than to transverse groove 1., with two close low tubercles.

Cephalothorax narrow ; lateral margins of the abdominal

dorsal scutum very wide as far as groove i1., and forming

with the under border two prominent angles. Dorsal scutum

with four transverse grooves, i. and ii. united by a longi-

tudinal one. Fields i. to iv. and free dorsal abdominal

segments armed, without tubercles or spines. Coxze i. to i.

narrow, slender, and parallel; coxa iv. wide, longer and

stouter than the others together. Chelicerz short, normal

in both sexes. Pedipalps as long as body ; femur with an

apical inner spine, its underside “unarmed, Legs long er

slender, with right femur. Basal segments of legs iv.,

male, with spines and spurs. Tarsi i. to iv. with more than

six joints; basal joints of tarsus 1. not widened in male;

tarsi iil. and iv. without scopula, with pseudonychium and

two dentated claws.

Type.

Liarthrodes tetramaculatus, sp. n.

3d .—8 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax with two stout median

tubercles. Cephalothorax narrow and smooth. Eye-turret

low, a little closer to anterior margin than to transverse

groove 1., with two small close tubercles. Abdominal dorsal]

scutum with four transverse grooves, i. and ii. united by a

longitudinal groove. Fields i. to iv. and free dorsal seg-

ments i. to ili. unarmed, each with a transverse row of

granules ; marginal fields with a row of small granules.

Underside smooth, Outer apical spur of coxa iv. directed

downwards and sidewards, curved in a wide spiral, 'Tarsi i.

to iv. with more than six segments. Pedipalps as long as

body ; femur with an inner apical spine ; underside

unarmed.

Cephalothorax dark brown, with a narrow long whitish

spot on each side; fields i. and ii. of the abdominal dorsal

scutum with a small white spot at their posterior corners ;

field 11. blackish; field iv. and dorsal free segments dark

new Brazilian Gonyleptide. 347

brown ; anal dorsal plate with a large transverse white spot ;

anal ventral plate with two lateral spots. Chelicerz, pedi-

palps, and legs olive-brown; the apical spur of coxa iv,

black. Underside yellow ; dorsal scutum olive-yellow.

Hab. Petropolis (Rio de Janeiro). Coll. Altino de

Azevedo Sodré.

Type in S. Paulo Museum.

Genus Merartruropes, Roewer, 1913.

Metarthrodes farinosus, sp. Dd.

3 .—8 mm.

Anterior margin of cephalothorax smooth, with two

minute median tubercles. Cephalothorax narrow, unevenly

granular. Eye-turret closer to anterior margin of cephalo-

thorax than to transverse groove i., with two low spines

wide apart. Dorsal scutum with four transverse grooves,

i, and il. united by a longitudinal groove. Fields i. and ii.

with two median blunt tubercles and some scattered granules ;

the tubercles of i. sharper and stronger than those of 11.

Field iii. with two high median spines and hardly granular ;

iv. and free dorsal segments unarmed, with a transverse row

of granules ; anal dorsal plate with two rows of granules.

Stigmatic segment hardly granular; free ventral segments

with a row of granules. Pedipalps as long as body ; femur

unarmed, without apical inner spine. Legs long and slender.

Tarsi 1. to iv. with more than six segments ; tarsi 111. and iv.

with two dentated claws.

Body nice roast-yellow ; cephalothorax and dorsal scutum

of abdomen thickly pointed with white; in field 11, there

are two white spots bordered with black close to under

corners ; tubercles of i. and 11. and spines of ii. black; field

iv. with a row of six narrow transverse white spots. Free

dorsal segments olive-yellow, with a narrow transverse

posterior white band; anal plates olive-brown, thickly

pointed with white. Cheliceree aud pedipalps nearly black,

with minute olive spots. Legs i. and ii. brownish black.

Hab. Alto da Serra (St. Paulo).

Type in the 8, Paulo Museum.

Genus SopREANA, Nov.

Eye-turret closer to anterior margin than to transverse

groove i., with two high spines. Cephalothorax narrow ;

lateral margins of dorsal scutum evenly rounded as far as

transverse groove ill. aud forming two prominent angles

23*

348 On some new Brazilian Gonyleptidee.

with posterior border of dorsal scutum. Dorsal scutum with

four transverse grooves ; i. and 11. united by a longitudinal

groove. Fields i. and ii. with two median, blunt, low

tubercles ; field in. with a high median cone ; iv. and free

dorsal segments unarmed, without spines or tubercles.

Chelicerze short, normal in both sexes. Pedipalps longer

than body ; femur slender, unarmed, without apical spine.

Coxe i. to 11. slender and parallel; iv. longer and thicker

than the others together. Tarsus 1. with six joints,

ii. to iv. with more than six. Male with spurs and spines in

the basal segments of legs iv. Tarsi ii. and iv. without

scopula, with pseudonychium, and with two dentated claws.

Basal joints of tarsus i., in male, normal, not swollen.

Type.

Sodreana sodreana, sp. n.

3 .—8 mm,

Anterior margin of cephalothorax with an even row of

minute spines, without dorsal elevation. Eye-turret closer

to anterior margin than to transverse groove 1., with two

high divergent spines. Cephalothorax unevenly granular.

Abdominal scutum with four transverse grooves, i. and ii.

united by a longitudinal one. Fields i. and i. with two

median, low, blunt tubercles and unevenly granular; 11.

with a median, stout, thickly granular tubercle, and with

scattered large granules; marginal fields unevenly granular ;

iv. and free dorsal segments unarmed, each with a row

of granules. Stigmatic segment smooth. Pedipalps longer

than body; femur unarmed. Tarsus i. with six joints,

ii. to iv. with more than six. Coxa iv. with an outer apical

spur, directed obliquely backwards and with a short branch

at its underside ; trochanter with a short spur at its outer

side, curved sidewards ; femur curved, with a spine-like spur

at the basal third of its upperside, and with high spines at

its inner side. Cephalothorax dark brown; dorsal scutum

brownish yellow; underside roast-yellow ; apical spur of

coxa lv. black. .

Hab. Petropolis (Rio de Janeiro). Coll. Altino de

Azevedo Sodré.

Type in the $8. Paulo Museum.

Rio de Janeiro,

November 1921.

New Varieties, Species, and (renera of Coccinellidee. 349

XLIII. — Descriptions de Variétés, Espéeces et Genres

nouveaux appartenant & la Famille des Coccinellides.

Par le Dr. Stcarp, Médecin-Principal de l’armée.

Monsteur LE Dr. Guy A. K. Marsnatt, Directeur de

?“Tmperial Bureau of Entomology” an British Museum,

m’ayant communiqué, pour détermination, quelques Coc-

cinellides, grands destructeurs de Pucerons et de Cochenilles,

intéressants par suite au point de vue de I’ Eutomologie

économique, je donne ci-dessous la description des especes

nouvelles que j’ai trouvées dans cet envoi, dont la plupart des

individus proviennent de la Jamaique et de Porto-Rico.

Epilachna bimaculicollis, sp. n.

Subrotundata, ochraceo-flava, pube grisea sat dense vestita.

Thorace bimaculato, Elytris maculis novem (4.4.1 positis)

notatis. Lamine abdominales extus aperte; pedibus con-

coloribus.

Suborbiculaire et d’un jaune Wocre grisitre en dessus,

avec une pubescence de méme couleur, assez dense et longue,

sans masquer la couleur foncitre. Téte, palpes et antennes

-concolores. Corselet marqué de 2 taches noires oblongues

situées vers les deux cinquiemes de la base, un peu obliques

en avant et en dedans, avancées a peu pres jusqu’au milieu

de la hauteur. Ecusson concolore. Elytres en courbe

rentrante 4 la base, qui est de méme largeur que celle du

corselet, élargis et réguli¢rement arrondis des épaules 4

Vangle apical, ayant vers le milieu leur plus grande largeur,

i tranche obsolete, & ponctuation fine et peu inégale, &

pubescence grisitre assez longue et moyennement dense,

i calus huméral peu marqué avec les épipleures d’un jaune

lus claire marquées vers le milieu de leur bord externe

@une tache noire; d’un jaune d’ocre grisdtre avec 9 taches

noires, dont 8 disposées en deux rangées transversales irrégu-

liéres situées respectivement au quart et aux trois cinquicmes

de la longueur des élytres: tache 1 en arriére et en dehors

du calus, éloignée du bord externe d’une distance égale A

son propre diamétre, 2 sur le calus, arrondie, 3 en dedans

de 2, sur le méme ligne transversale, de méme forme et un

peu plus grosse, 4 en arriére et en dedans, sur la méme ligne

transversale que 1 et tres pres de la suture vers le quart

antérieur de la longueur. Ces 4 taches, dont Vexterne est la

plus grosse, formant ainsi une bande arquée A convexité

350 Dr. Sicard on new Varieties, Species,

antérieure; la 2° rangée, formée des taches 5, 6, 7 et 8, est

anguleuse en avant, la tache 7 formant le sommet de Dangle ;

5 en forme de courte band transversale, couvrant le bord

externe (c’est cette tache dont la partie externe marque de

noir l’épipleure), 6 et 7 triangulaires, et contigués, sur le

disque avec la partie antérieure de la tache 7 un peu plus

avaucée, tache 8 juxtasuturale, un peu plus postérieure aux

deux tiers de la longueur; 9 grosse, transversale, n’atteignant

ni la suture ni le bord externe, aux cing sixicmes de la

longueur. Une ligne droite tirée du calus 4 angle sutural

passerait par les lignes 2, 6 et 9.

Dessous jaune ainsi que les pieds. Plaques abdominales

sinuées 4 leur partie interne, couvrant environ les detx

tiers longitudinaux du premier arceau ventral, ouvertes

extérieurement.

Ongles bifides, 4 dent interne plus courte et avec une

plantule formant une 2° dent.

Long. 5-6 mm.

Natat: Durban, 19.xi.1918, feeding on Chilianthus

arboreus.

Cette espice a une certaine analogie de dessin avec la

S. paykulli, Muls., dont elle différe, outre les caracteres

tirés des ongles, par ses élytres plus régulicrement arrondis,

ayant leur plus grande largeur au milieu et non en avant du

milieu, par la grosseur des taches qui sont maculaires et non

ponctiformes, par leur disposition, la dernicre rangée com-

prenant une seule tache et non deux, et par les 2 taches noires

du prothorax.

Epilachna parryi, abb. nn.

Réseau noir des élytres largement interrompu, ne laissant

subsister que quelques linéoles noires sur le fond jaune—en

général, un point sur le calus, un second sur le disque

au dessous et en dedans du premier, au quart de la longueur ;

deux traits noirs transversaux (l’externe trés court) vers le

milieu de la longueur de Vélytre, enfin un trait plus large,

en forme d’accent circonflexe aplati vers les trois quarts de

la longueur (ab. degenerata) —parfois le trait noir du milieu

des élytres a également disparu et il ne reste de noir que les

lignes de la partie antérieure et le trait accentiforme de la

partie postérieure (ab. pauperrima).

Kenya Cotony: Kericho, 111. 1920 (F. W. Dry).

and Genera of Coccinellide. 351

Exochomus jamaicensis, sp. 0.

Breviter ovalis, modice convexus, nitidus, supra niger, elytris

cerasinis (sutura anguste nigra), macula suturali rotundata

antice, ancoraque postice, nigris signata. Subtus niger, epimeris,

episternis meso- et metasterni abdomineque (segmento primo

excepto) rufis; pedibus nigris.

Briévement ovale, brillant, médiocrement convexe. Téte,

palpes et antennes noirs. Corselet en ogive & la base avec

les angles postérieurs arrondis, fortement échancré 4 sa

partie antérieure, d’un noir profond avec les angles an-

térieures étroitement jaundtres, finement et assez densément

pointillé. Elytres un peu plus larges que le corselet @ la

base, en ovale régulier jusqu’A Vextrémité qui est acuminée,

non explanés sur les bords qui sont verticaux, environ deux

fois aussi longs que larges, 4 ponctuation trés fine et trés

superficielle ; noirs avec trois grosses taches d’un rouge

cerise: tache 1 couvrant la base depuis l’écusson jusqu’au

tiers du bord latéral, formant un carré dont la partie interne

serait échancrée en are de cercle et la partie postérieure en

angle presque droit; tache 2 grosse, oblongue, discale, lais-

sant la suture étroitement noire et étendue en dehors

jusqu’au milieu de la longueur de l’élytre, dont elle couvre

du tiers aux trois cinquiemes de la longueur, plus ou moins

unie a langle postéro-interne de la tache 1 par sa partie

antéro-externe; tache 3 apicale en demi-cercle au bord latéral,

laissant sur la suture une bande noire rétrécie a Vextrémité

et couvrant le quart postérieur du bord latéral.

Ces taches laissent sur les deux cinquiémes antérieurs des

élytres une macule noire arrondie ou rhomboidale couvrant

le tiers médiaire de leur largeur reliée par une étroite bande

suturale noire & un dessin en forme d’ancre dont les branches

toucheraient le milieu du bord latéral par leur partie convexe.

Epipleures rouges, étroitement rembrunies en dehors a partir

du milieu jusqu’a Vextrémiteé.

Dessous noir sur l’antépectus, ainsi que sur le méso- et le

métasternum, dont les épiméres et les épisternes restent pales.

Ventre d’un jaune roux avec le premier segment noir et une

tache brune sur le dernier.

Pieds enti¢rement noirs.

Long. 4 mm.

I] est probable que je n’ai eu entre les mains que des ?.

Cette espéce se distingue par le dessin des élytres de

V Ez. cubensis, Dim., qui en est voisin et dont il différe en

352 Dr. Sicard on new Varieties, Species,

outre par son aspect brillant, sa couleur d’un noir profond

et non bleu ardoisé, par sa forme plus allongée et sa taille

plus petite.

La Jamaique: sur les pruniers infestés de Pulvinaria

cupanieé, dont il doit se nourrir ainsi que sa larve (Ad. H.

Ritchie) ; Hope, 25. ix. 1920 (C. C. Gowdey).

Exochomus ritchiet, sp. n.

Rotundatus, convexus, nitidus, supra luteus, thorace nigro, angulis

anticis late (d) vel auguste (2) luteis. Elytris luteis maculis

sex (1. 1/2. 1.1/2 positis) ornatis ; subtus brunneo-rufus, pedibus

concoloribus.

Arrondi, luisant, convexe, 4 bord élytral trés étroit; d’un

jaune clair en dessus, brunatre en dessous, avec le corselet

en grande partie et six taches (dont deux communes) sur les

élytres, noirs. Téte jaune avec un bandeau noir postérieur (3 )

ou entiérement noire ( 2 ), antennes rousses et palpes bruns.

Corselet en ogive large & la base avec les angles postérieurs

obtus mais bien marqués, finement rebordé sur les cotés,

4 ponctuation fine, superficielle et peu dense, paraissant

entourée, & un fort grossissement d’un pointillé extrémement

fin; noir avec les angles antérieurs largement d’un blanc

jaunatre, cette couleur n’atteignant pas la base (¢) ou

étroitement bordés de flave (?). Elytres d’un jaune de

paille marqués ensemble de six taches noires dont deux

suturales. La premiére tache commune en ovale trans-

versal, étendue du sixiéme au tiers de la longueur sur la

suture, couvrant A peu prés en largeur le sixiéme des élytres ;

la deuxiéme apicale en demi-cercle; sur chaque élytre une

tache irréguliérement arrondie, touchaut le calus par sa

partie antérieure et une seconde plus grosse, transversale-

ment ovale, couvrant les trois quarts de la largeur et des trois

aux quatre cinquicmes de la longueur. Dessous brundtre

avec les pieds de méme couleur.

Long. 3°5 mm.

La Jamaique (A. H. Ritchie).

Extrémement voisin de ?Ezx. jordani, Cr., du Brésil, par

la couleur et la ponctuation, Il en differe par sa taille “un

peu plus petite, la couleur -du prothorax qui est plus large-

ment noir, la forme de la tache suturale antérieure qui est

en ovale transversal et non carrée, et par la présence d’une

tache apicale assez grosse. Dans Ev. ritchiei la tache

antérieure des élytres est moitié plus petite que la pos-

térieure, tandis qu’elles sont subégales chez jordani. Enfin

chez ce dernier le ¢ a la téte noire avec le labre et le canthus

and Genera of Coccinellide. 353

roux et le corselet noir avec un ¢troit liseré antérieur et une

large bordure latérale jaune, tandis que chez ritchie le 3

a la téte jaune avec une bande noire postérieure et seulement

les angles antérieurs du corselet piles. Le dessous est brun

noir, tandis qu’il est d’un jaune clair chez Lv. jordant.

Scymnus fijiensis, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovatus, parum convexus, pube grisea vestitus. Capite rufo,

thoracis elytrisque nigro-brunneis, macula elytrorum, limboque

apicali augusto flavis, ornatus; subtus piceo-brunneus; pedibus

omnino rufis.

En ovale oblong, trés peu convexe, d’un noir brunatre

passant au brun de poix en dessous, a pubescence grisatre

courte et assez clairsemée, 4 ponctuation grosse et assez

dense. Téte grosse, d’un roux brunatre avec le labre plus

clair et les antennes et les palpes @un jaune roux vif.

Corselet en are de cercle large a la base, sinué au devant de

Vécusson, droit sur les cotés quisont légérement convergents

en avant, échancré au bord antérieur avec les angles anté-

rieurs arrondis, recouvrant la téte jusqu’au niveau du milieu

des yeux, d’un brun noir foncé, légérement plus clair le

long du bord antérieur, a pubescence grisdtre un peu plus

serrée que sur les élytres ; ceux-ci de la largeur du corselet a

la base, avec les angles huméraux bien marqués; réguliere-

ment ovalaires jusqu’a l’extrémité, présentant vers le tiers

antérieure leur plus grande largeur, avec un calus huméral

trés peu marqué, d’un brun noir foncé avec Je bord apical

étroitement roux et sur chacun une tache arrondie d’un

jaune de paille couvrant les trois quarts de la largeur et des

deux aux quatre cinquiémes de la longueur. Epipleures

étroites, d’un noir brun, concaves 4 la base, prolongées

jusqu’au niveau de la courbure postérieure des élytres.

Dessous brun de poix: prosternum aplati, assez large,

muni de chaque cété d’un petit rebord élevé qui s’atténue

en avant sans rejoindre celui du cété opposé, assez fortement

et densément ponctué sauf entre les deux carénes ot les

points sont plus clairsemés; mésosternum transversal,

rugueusement ponctué, coupé droit en avant et en arritre ;

métasternum convexe, a peu prés lisse au milieu avec une

grosse ponctuation latérale.

Abdomen d’un brun de poix plus clair a l’extrémité.

Plaques abdominales grandes en are de cercle régulier

atteiguant le bord postérieur du segment, la ligne abdominale

se dirigeant un peu en dedans de l’angle externe et eflacée

tout pres du bord antérieur du segment.

354 Dr. Sicard on new Varieties, Species,

Pieds entiérement roux.

Long. 2mm. —

I. Frost: Cuvu, 9. vii. 1915 (R. Veitch); Lautoka,

16.11.1920 (H. Greenwood).

A part son corselet noir et non jaune, cette espéece rappelle

les Pullus hareja, Lew., et alluaudi, Sic., par son dessin

élytral, mais elle est de couleurs moins tranchées, le noir

tirant sur le brun et les parties jaunes étant plus sombres.

Elle en différe aussi par sa forme aplatie et ovale. Elle

aurait plutot Vaspect du Scymnus levaillanti, Muls., dont la

distinguent, outre ses caractéres génériques, sa forme moins

allongée et sa pubescence plus clairsemée et beaucoup plus

courte.

Scymnillus vartipennis, sp. 0.

Breviter ovatus, convexus, nitidus ; supra rufus, elytris basi nigri-

cantibus, subtus rufescens; antennis, palpis pedibusque flavis.

Oculis nigris.

En ovale court, convexe, Juisant, enticrement d’un jaune

roux en dessus avec la base des élytres étroitement noiratre,

d’un roux un peu plus pale et plus mat en dessous avec les

antennes, les palpes et les pieds d’un jaune flave.

Téte jaune couverte d'une pubescence grisatre courte,

avec les palpes et les antennes d’un jaune de paille et les

yeux noirs. Corselet en ogive large a la base, rétréci

darricre en avant, avec les cétés rectilignes et les angles

antérieurs aigus et tres finement rebordés, échancré au bord

antérieur en arc de cercle large; ponctuation égale, extréme-

ment fine. Elytres plus larges que le corselet a la base,

arrondis régulicrement sur les cétés, convexes, finement

rebordés, & ponctuation plus grosse et plus inégale que celle

du corselet avec quelques rares soies dressées visibles 4 un

fort grossissement; d’un roux un peu plus foncé que le

corselet avec une ¢troite bande antérieure d’un noir brunatre,

entourant l’écusson qui reste de la couleur foncicre, et se

fondant insensiblement en arriére avec la couleur du reste

des élytres, sans atteindre le bord latéral ; suture d’un roux

étroitement plus foncé.

Dessous d’un jaune roux un peu plus clair sur l’abdomen

a partir de la moitié postérieure du premier segment abdo-

minal. Plaques abdominales ouvertes en dehors, la ligne

abdominale se dirigeant vers l’angle postéro-externe du

segment. Pieds d’un jaune flave.

Long. 1°5 mm.

Porro-Rico: Rio Piedras, se nourrissant de |’ Aspidiotus

destructor, 18.x. 1921 (G. N. Wolcott).

are»:

and Genera of Coccinellide. 355

Scymnillus nunenmacheri, sp. n.

Subrotundatus, convexus, nitidus; supra nigro-piceus, thoracis

lateribus luteis; subtus bruuneo-piceus, antennis, palpis pedi-

busque rufo-flavis.

En ovale trés courte, convexe, d’un noir de poix en dessus

avec la téte et les cétés du corselet (largement ¢, étroite-

ment 2 ) d’un jaune assez clair et les antennes, les palpes et

les pieds d’un jaune flave.

Téte d’un jaune clair, presque glabre, avec un épistome

tres court et le labre roux, assez long, arrondi en avant ;

antennes et palpes d’un jaune de paille. Corselet d’un brun

de poix foncé sur le disque avec les cétés jaundtres, cette

couleur fondue en dedans avec celle du disque, formant une

étroite bordure antérieure et une bordure latérale tantdt

étendue sur le tiers externe du bord antérieure et prolongée

_jusqu’a la base en se rétrécissant légérement (? d ) ou seule-

ment 4 compter de la partie externe des yeux en avant en

bande triangulaire assez étroite (? 2); cdtés droits, légére-

ment convergents, bord antérieur échancré en trapéze assez

profondément ; ponctuation extrémement fine et superficielle.

Elytres d’un noir de poix, plus foncés que le corselet,

réguliérement arrondis, convexes, plus fortement et plus

profondément ponctués. Epipleures étroites, concaves, pro-

longées jusqu’a la corbure postérieure des élytres.

Dessous jaune sur |’antépectus, d’un brun de poix uniforme °

sur le reste; méso-et métasternum fortement ponctués dans

leur partie médiane. Plaques abdominales ouvertes en

dehors ; ligne abdominale en segment de cercle atteignant

presque le bord postérieur du segment, dirigée vers l’angle

postéro-externe, délimitant une plaque abdominale entiére-

ment lisse, le reste de l’abdomen étant assez densément

ponctué.

Pieds d’un jaune de paille.

Long. 1:2-1°5 mm.

Porto-Rico: Rio Piedras, vit aux dépens de l Aspidiotus

destructor, 18.x. 1921 (G. N. Wolcott).

SCYMNILLODES, gen. nov.

Ce genre comprend des insectes de trés petite taille, 4

couleurs métalliques, rappelant pour la forme générale le

genre Cineis. Son habitat semble limité jusqwici aux

Grandes Antilles,

Arrondi, trés convexe, glabre, de couleur métallique en

dessus. ‘T'éte assez grosse, verticale ou méme faiblement

356 Dr. Sicard on new Varieties, Species,

inclinée d’avant en arriére. Epistome court, coupé trans-

versalement au milieu avec une petite dent achaque extrémité,

labre au moins aussi long que l’épistome, arrondi 4 son bord

antérieur. Yeux gros, arrondis, & leur bord interne dans

leur moitié supérieure, échancrés fortement dans leur moitié

inférieure. Antennes insérées tout contre les yeux, aussi

longues que la largeur du front, paraissant formées de huit

articles: article 1 gros, renflé; 2 de la méme grosseur que

1, mais beaucoup plus court; 3, 4 et 5 plus gréles, presque

aussi larges que longs; 6, 7 et 8 plus épais et plus longs,

surtout le dernier, formant une massue assez peu distincte

et fusiforme. Palpes maxillaires 4 dernier article obliquement

et faiblement sécuriforme.

Prothorax en ogive tres large & la base, sinué de chaque

coté de Pécusson, non rebordé ; rétréci:en avant et a cdtés

fortement convergents, droits, non ou a peine échancré a sa

partie antérieure, muni aux angles antérieure de quelques

soles raides.

Kceusson triangulaire, plus long que large.

Elytres plus longs que le corselet a la base, trés convexes,

i angle huméral arrondi, munis d’un fin rebord, moins de

deux fois aussi longs que larges, a calus huméral bien

marqué ; épipleures étroites, dépassant légérement la cour-

bure postérieure des élytres.

Prosternum large, en trapeze, sans carene, en arc de cercle

trés large antérieurement, coupé droit a sa partie postérieure.

Mésosternum carré, en ligne droite en avant et en arriére,

métasternum transversal, non sillonné. Abdomen de cing

arceaux, le premier €égal aux trois suivants; et le dernier au

moins aux deux précédents réunis. Ligne fémorale en seg-

ment de cercle trés large et reguliére, rebordée, dirigée vers

Vangle postéro-externe du segment.

Pattes robustes, fémurs sillonnés pour recevoir le tibia, qui

est en arcte tranchante en dedans ; tarses gros, 2 deuxieéme

article profondément bilobé, ongles simples.

Ce genre a l’aspect des genres Delphastus et Scymniilus.

Il différe du premier par ses palpes maxillaires sécuriformes

et absence de fossettes 4 la partie inférieure du corps, du

second par ses yeux arrondis et non droits en dedans, sa face

supérieure entiérement glabre, son premier segment abdo-

minal plus court que tous les suivants réunis.

La couleur métallique des espéces jusqw ici connues, assez

rare dans la famille des Coccinellides, le rend aisément

reconnaissable.

a and Genera of Coccinellide. 357

Scymnillodes viridimicans, sp. 1.

Rotundatus, convexus, lete viridis, capite, margine antico lateralique

ga a ’ 1 -

prothoracis rufis ; subtus niger, rufo variegatus ; pedibus flavis.

Arrondi ou en ovale trés court, convexe. Dessus d’un

vert brillant, 4 ponctuation fine et bien marquée, avec la

partie antérieure de la téte ainsi que les bords antérieurs

et latéraux du corselet trés étroitement jaunes. Téte a

pubescence longue, jaunatre, labre roux deux fois aussi long

que Vépistome, Palpes et antennes d’un jaune flave.

Dessous flave sur l’antépectus, d’un roux brunatre sur le

mésosternum et sur le prolongement intercoxal du premier

arceau ventral, plus clair sur abdomen a partir du deuxiéme

arceau, noir sur tout le reste.

Ponctuation grosse, clairsemée, plus éparse sur le méta-

sternum, plus serrée au contraire sur le mésosternum.

Pieds enti¢rement d’un jaune flave pale.

Long. 1°3 mm.

La Jamaique: Hope Gardens, sur Jes pousses de noisetier

de St. Domingue (Omphala triandra, Lin.) infestées de

cochenilles, xii. 1920 (4d. H. Ritchie).

er Scymnillodes cyanescens, sp. n.

Subrotundus, convexus, nitidus, supra cyaneus; antennis flavis,

palpis rufis ; subtus nigro-brunneus ; pedibus rufis.

Subarrondi, convexe, glabre et d’un bleu d’acier en dessus.

Téte d’un vert métallique clair, couverte d’une pubescence

grisitre, Palpes roux, avec antennes plus claires. Corselet

bleu, avec les angles antérieurs étroitement roux portant

quelques poils courts, raides et grisitres, & ponctuation fine

et dense, ainsi que celle de la téte, & cdtés assez faiblement

convergents. Hlytres d’un bleu d’acier, réguli¢rement con-

vexes, A ponctuation un peu plus forte que celle du corselet.

Dessous d’un brun foncé, avec les pieds roux. Dernier

arceau ventral bombé, plus long que les deux précédents

réunis.

Long. 1:5 mm.

La JAmaique: sur les citronniers infestés par | Aleuro-

canthus woglumi (A. H. Ritchie).

Distinct du précédent, dont je ne crois qu’il soit la 2 par

sa couleur bleue et non verte, sa taille un peu plus grande,

la couleur des pieds (roux et non flaves), la bordure pro-

thoracique limitée aux angles antérieurs, la teinte du dessous

plus uniforme et moins foneée sur les parties noires, par son

labre plus court et le dernier arceau de l’abdomen plus long.

L’habitat est également différent.

358 Dr. Sicard on new Varieties, Species,

? Var. violaceus, nov.

Elytris violaceo-micantibus. Prothorace angustiore.

Porrto-Rico: Rio Piedras, se nourrissant de | Aspidiotus

destructor, 18.x.1921 (G. N. Wolcott).

Scymnillodes eneus, sp. n.

Breviter ovatus, convexus, nitens. Capite viridi, thoracis disco

elytrisque seneo-micantibus; palpis rufis, antennis dilutioribus ;

subtus rufo-brunneus; pedibus rufis.

D’un bronzé brillant, luisant en dessus. En ovale trés

court et convexe. Téte d’un vert plus ou moins violatre, a

pubescence jaunatre, courte et serrée, avec les antennes

flaves, le labre et les palpes roux.

Corselet bronzé brillant avec une étroite bordure antérieure

et une tache latérale assez large d’un bleu violet avec, dans

Vangle antérieur, quelques poils clairsemés grisdtres, fine-

ment et densément pouctué; moins rétréci en avant que

chez viridimicans. Ecusson concolore. Elytres d’un bronzé

brillant, 4 ponctuation fine et dense avec les épipleures plus

larges en avant, assez brusquement rétrécies aux deux tiers

de la longueur.

Dessous d’un noir brun, plus clair sur le cétés de l’anté-

pectus et les derniers arceaux du ventre. Mésosternum

moins fortement ponctué que dans les deux espéces précé-

dentes. Métasternum presque lisse, sauf 4 sa partie antérieure,

prolongement intercoxal du premier arceau ventral avec

quelques points petits, profonds et clairsemés. Pieds enticre-

ment roux.

Long. 1°8 mm.

Cette espéce se distingue des précédentes par sa couleur

bronzée, son corselet bicolore, sa taille en général un peu

plus grande, sa forme plus ovale, sa ponctuation élytrale

plus fine et plus dense, la ponctuation du dessous moins

grosse et moins serrée.

La Jamaique: Hope, 2.x. 1920; Lititz, 13. ix. 1920

(C. C. Gowdey).

PsoROLYMA, gen. nov.

Oblonga, glabra, nitida. Capite magno, fronte lata mandibulisque

robustis, apice bifidis, instructo ; thorace lato, convexo; elytris

oblongis tenuemarginatis, apice conjunectim late rotundatis.

Prosterno carinato, laminis abdominalibus extus apertis. Pedes

graciles, unguiculi simplices.

Ovale oblong, glabre, aptére. ‘Tete grosse, enchassée dans

le prothorax jusqu’au bord postérieur des yeux, 4 front

and Genera of Coccinellide. 359

large ayant au moins trois fois le diamétre d’un ceil, séparé

de l’épistome par une suture bien marquée; ce dernier

transversal et trés court, en forme de bande étroite. Labre

ogival, aussi long que large @ sa base. Mandibules grandes

dépassant notablement le labre en avant, en forme de lame

contournée, bifides A l’extrémité. Yeux entiers, assez forte-

ment granulés, saillants, dépassant un peu sur les cétés

la partie antérieure du corselet. Palpes maxillaires sécuri-

formes ; antennes insérées A la partie interne des yeux et

tout prés d’eux, gréles, allongées, atteignant la base du

corselet, composées de dix articles: le premier lég¢rement

renfié, les intermédiaires un peu plus longs que larges, les

trois derniers formant une massue allongée, peu épaisse,

aplatie, avec des soies latérales. assez longues, 4 dernier

article anguleux au sommet.

Corselet 4 peu pres trois fois aussi large que long, convexe

sur le disque, presque droit sur les cétés qui sont trés fine-

ment relevés, avec les angles arrondis, légérement rétréci

d’arriére en avant, tres finement pointillé,

Kcusson bien visible, en triangle équilatéral, de la largeur,

du cinquieme d’un élytre a la base.

Elytres oblongs, un peu plus de deux fois plus longs que

larges, de la largeur du corselet & la base, munis sur les

edtés d’un fin rebord; épipleures planes, étroites, sans

fossettes, ne dépassant pas la courbure postérieure des

élytres.

Prosternum caréné, étroit entre les hanches ; cavités coty-

loides antérieures ouvertes ; mésosternum rétréci d’avant en

arricre, lisse, coupé droit 4 ses deux extrémités, A peine plus

long que large. Métasternum grand, convexe, marqué d’un

fin sillon longitudinal. Abdomen de six segments, 4 pro-

longement intercoxal du premier arceau médiocrement large,

légérement convexe a sa partie antérieure. Lignes abdo-

minales en segment de cercle atteignant & peu prés vers le

quart externe de la largeur le bord postérieur du segment

abdominale et se confondant avec lui.

Pattes gréles; femurs atteignant juste la partie externe

des épipleures, sillonnés profondément en arriére pour

recevoir les tibias qui sont minces, plus courts que les

fémurs ; tarses a articles 1 et 2 non bilobés, ongles simples.

Ce genre appartient au groupe des Rhizobiides et se rap-

proche beaucoup du genre Bothynella, Weise, dont il différe

par ses yeux saillants, ’étroitesse de l’épistome et la longueur

de ses mandibules qui lui donne un facies tout particulier.

Le systéme de coloration de l’unique espéce connue jusqu’ici

est également tout a fait différent.

350 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Psorolyma mawillosa, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexa, nitida, ecerulea ; subtus piceo-brunnea; antennis,

palpis pedibusque pallide flavis. Mandibulis exsertis, oculis

prominentibus distinctissimis.

Ovale médiocrement convexe, d’un bleu foncé brillant en

dessus, d’un brun plus ou moins noiratre en dessous.

Téte grosse, convexe, légérement impressionnée sur le

front qui est large et légérement bombé, d’un bleu brillant

un peu plus clair que sur les élytres, avec )’épistome, le

labre, les mandibnles, les palpes et les antennes roux ; lisse

avec quelques points épars. Antennes minces, atteignant

& peu pres la base du prothorax avec une massue con-

colore allongée, pubescente. Yeux assez fortement granulés,

saillants.

Corselet fortement transversal, convexe, finement relevé

sur ses bords latéraux, d’un bleu brillant, 4 ponctuation

extrémement fine et peu dense ; en are de cercle large a la

base, non rebordé, faiblement concave a sa partie antérieure,

avec les angles arrondis ; ne recouvrant pas les yeux.

Elytres régulicrement ovales, de la méme couleur que le

corselet, finement rebordés, & ponctuation grosse et peu

dense, avec des épipleures étroites, planes, ne dépassant pas

la courbure élytrale postérieure, de couleur brun noiratre.

Prosternum étroit, caréné, mésosternum plus large et

finement rebordé en avant, lisse ; métasternum lisse, grand,

convexe, sillonné longitudinalement ; abdomen de six seg-

meuts, prolongement intercoxal du premier arceau atteignant

environ le septiéme de la largeur de la base du segment ;

ligne abdominale en are de cercle, confondue a partir du

quart de la largeur avec le bord postérieur du segment

abdominal; dessous d’un brun foncé, plus clair sur les

quatre derniers arceaux de abdomen.

Pattes gréles, d’un flave pale avec les ongles simples.

Long. 2.5 mm.

Porro-Rico: Lares, 19. iv. 1921 (@. N. Wolcott).

XLIV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XCIIL.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Anthophora macroleuca, sp. 0.

$ .—Length about or nearly 10 mm.

Legs simple, with dark brown spurs, those on hind legs

very long ; clypeus, labrum, and mandibles white, the labrum

BM oe

Records of Bees, 361

with two small round black spots, the mandibles black at end,

with a band of red before the black; scape black, flagellum

rather long, obscurely reddish beneath ; third antennal joint

very short, not much longer than fourth. Eyes very pale

ochreous; hair of face, cheeks, and pleura abundant, pure

white, of head and thorax above tinged with tawny (especially

just behind wings), but not at all mixed with black ; tegule

pale testaceous. Wings clear hyaline, nervures reddish.

Legs black ; hind femora not inerassate ; hair of legs white ;

‘hind basitarsi with black (slightly brownish) hair on inner

side. Abdomen with very broad dense hair-bands, tinged

with tawny; apex bidentate; venter with white hair right

across.

Quetta, India (Nurse).

Closely related to A. delicata, Ckll., to which it runs in the

table in ‘ Entomologist, 1911, p. 237. It differs by the

absence of dark hairs on thorax above, the hair-band on

second abdominal segment much broader and strongly tinged

with fulvous (pure white in delicata), the spots on labrum,

the colour of the eyes, the white (instead of black) hair on

underside of hind femora, &e. It is also evidently related to

A. nigricornis, Morawitz, but differs by the absence of dark

hairs on thorax above, the paler tegule, and the moderate

and not acute bidentation of apex of abdomen. There is a

strong superficial resemblance to A. velocissima, Fedt., also

found by Col. Nurse at Quetta.

Melissodes thelypodii, Cockerell.

9.—Las Cruces, New Mexico, Sept. 7, at flowers of

Ipomea hirsutula, Jacq. (Cockerell).

Eucera microsoma, n. v.

Eucera pumila, Pérez, 1910; near Homs, Syria (not

E. pumila, Klug, 1845).

Tetraloniella graja nurset, subsp. n.

9 (type).—Dull ferruginous, with the hind margins of the

abdominal segments brighter and paler red ; pubescence very

pale, mainly white, tinged with ochreous on mesothorax and

scutellum, where it is short and very dense; ventral segments

of abdomen with reddish-golden hair; eyes pale greenish ;

clypeus entirely cream-colour ; antenne entirely bright ferru-

ginous; scopa of hind legs creamy white. .

gd .—Antennze very long, entirely red; abdomen with

dense creamy-white tomentum.

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 24

362 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseritptions and

Quetta, India, June 1903 (Nurse).

This was determined by Friese as 7’. graja, Ev., var. He

was no doubt influenced by the fact that there is an inter-

mediate race (var. syriaca, Friese) in Syria; but our insect

is still paler and redder, and is perhaps a distinct species.

Tetraloniella phryne (Nurse).

Specimens from Deesa (Nurse) have been labelled by

Friese dentata, Klug, var., but they are very distinct by the

red flagellum and other characters, and I think Nurse was

entirely justified in separating them. Tetralonia leucopoda

australior, Ckll., proves to be a slight variation of phryne.

The venational character is not constant. |

Tetraloniella dentata macrozona, subsp. n.

? .—Pale yellow clypeal band very broad, with an angular

median projection above, on each side of which the yellow is

angularly incised; eyes pale green; antennz black; scopa

on hind legs white on outer side, pale ferruginous on inner ;

hair of thorax above pale fulvous, with large, bare, shining,

punctate areas on scutellum and hind part of mesothorax ;

abdominal bands broad and creamy white ; bare black area

on second segment shorter, with much less convex upper

margin, than in phryne ; maxillary palpi much shorter than

in phryne; sides of second and following abdominal segments

with red keels.

Quetta, May 1904 (Nurse).

Perhaps a distinct species. In the only female deniata |

possess (from Tangier) the eyes are deep red. ‘This is cer-

tainly nearer to dentata than is phryne.

It now becomes evident that Xenoglossodes, Ashm., of

America, cannot be separated from Tetraloniella, and the

species are herewith transferred. For bibliographical details,

see Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xlii. p. 626.

TETRALONIELLA, Ashmead.

(A) North America :

albata (Cress.). imitatria (CkIl. & Porter).

eriocarpt (CkIl.). Lippie (Okll.).

excurrens (Ckll.). lippie semilippie (Ckll.).

gutierrezie (Ckll.). neotomee (Ckil.).

helianthorum (Ckll.). wilmatie (Ckll.).

(B} South America (Argentine) :

lusor (CkIl.). mimetica (Bréthes).

manea (CkIl.).

Records of Bees. 363

Colletes honoratus, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 10 mm., anterior wing about 7-3 mm.

Black, including legs, antenne, and mandibles, the last

“obscurely reddish apically ; hair of face and front. long and

pale fulvous, of cheeks dull white, of thoracic dorsum bright

fox-red, of other parts of thorax yellowish white ; Allama

with five narrow but very distinct sordid white hair-bands ;

lobes of tongue unusually small; malar space nearly as long

as broad; third antennal joint much shorter than fourth ;

base of metathorax with a broad transverse channel, above

which is a narrow shining band, crossed by rather irregular

and weak ridges ; mesothorax shining, but with numerous

strong punctures ; ; tegulee dark rufo- een: Wings hyaline,

stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous, second s.m. very broad.

Abdomen shining, with fine distinct punctures, a little denser

ou second segment than on first ; apex broadly rounded.

Snula, India, Sept. 1898 (Nurse).

On account of the red hair on thorax, it resembles C. sanctus,

Ckll., but it differs in the abdominal bands, malar space, seh

It is actually very close to C. duviesianus, Sm., which

extends from Europe to Central Asia. From daviesianus it

differs by being larger, with more distinctly and closely

punctured abdomen (e especially second segment), the broader

second s.m., the larger malar space, and the much longer

fourth antennal joint. OC. tuberculatus, Mor., is another ally

of daviesianus, from Turkestan; but it is considerably

smaller, and has tubercles on the fifth and sixth ventral

segments of abdomen.

Colletes idoneus, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 10 mm., anterior wing 6°8 mm.

Black, including legs, antennz (the flagellum obscurely

reddish beneath), and mandibles (except apical part dark

reddish) ; hair of head and thorax dense and white, distinetly

yellowish on face and thoracic dorsum ; hair of thorax above

short ; malar space much broader than long ; lobes of tongue

large ; fourth antennal joint little longer than third ; meso-

forex densely and strongly punctured ; metathorax with

abundant long hair; tegule small, rufo-testaceous. Wings

clear, stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous. Abdomen

dullish, finely and closely punctured, on second segment

appearing minutely rugose and dull, on third and fourth

somewhat shining; six broad pemtire. dense, white hair-bands,

but black hairs on the dark portions of the segments 5 venter

shining, with dense, narrow, pure white hair-bands, the fifth

24%

364 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

segment with a very large, projecting, median apical tuft of

white hair ; ; the lateral pieces of the genitalia (stipites)

appear as broad, black, convex, highly polished plates, ante-

riorly beset with long spreading hairs, but the apical tufts of

hair are long and convergent, meeting in the middle line.

Quetta, India, July 1902 (Nurse).

Resembles C. hyleiformis, Ev., but is easily separated by

the much more finely punctured abdomen and the longer

stigma.

Colletes brevitectus, sp. n.

3 .—Leneth about 9 mm., anterior wing 5°8 mm.

Black, with apex of clypeus, mandibles, and labrum (which

has strong longitudinal keels) ferruginous; flagellum dusky

reddish beneath ; legs reddish brown, the tarsi paler ; sides

of first abdominal segment ventrally red ; hair of head and

thorax dense and white, tinged with creamy on upper part of

face and on thoracic dorsum ; ; hair of thorax above very short

and dense, short-plumose, and moss-like (as in C. carinatus,

Rads., and C. aberrans, Ckll.) ; malar space nearly twice as

broad as long; fourth antennal joint distinctly longer than

third, fifth conspicuously longer than fourth ; mesothorax and

scutellum so hidden by hair that the sculpture cannot be seen ;

metathorax very hairy. Legs with white hair, dense on hind

tibize in front; tegule pale testaceous. Wings clear, stigma

dusky red, nervures fuscous. Abdomen dullish, densely and

rather finely punctured, so as to appear rugose ; five broad

white felt-like hair-bands, and white hair also at extreme

base of second segment ; fifth ventral with no long median

tutt.

Quetta, India, August 1902 (Bur sé).

Related to C. carinatus, Rads., but smaller, with no very

strong contrast between the punctures of the first and second

abdominal segments.

Celioays polycentris taurus (Nurse).

Col. Nurse gave me five males, which he took at Quetta in

June 1903. One of these has been labelled C. polycentris,

Foerst., by Friese, and Nurse accepts the reference. It

happens, however, that the specimen seen by Friese has the

upper apical teeth of abdomen represented by two short

denticles on each side, as is usual in polycentris; but the

other specimens show that the usual condition in taurus is

that of a stout superior tooth on each side, the second one

being wholly absent or represented by a shght rudiment.

“4 a

| Records of Bees. 365

The apical half of the mandibles is mainly red, and the

slender teeth at sides of base of sixth abdominal segment are

red. It therefore seems evident that taurus is at least a valid

subspecies. ‘True polycentris gets as far east as the Caucasus.

I have not seen the female of taurus, but from Nurse’s

description it would seem that the apical ventral plate is not

nearly so long as in polycentris.

Paracelioxys rufiventris nurset, subsp. n.

? .—Mandibles bright ferruginous, black at apex; legs

red; abdomen entirely red, truncate and emarginate at

apex ; vertex thinly hairy.

Length about 10 mm.

Deesa, India, March 1900 (Nurse).

Friese labelled this rufiventris, Spin., but the typical ruj-

ventris, from Egypt, is larger and has black legs. ‘The male

of nurset is not known, but it probably has a black abdomen,

as in rufiventris.

Paracelioxys resembles Liothyrapis in having bare eyes,

but the structure of the abdomen is quite different. The

genus is new to India.

All the new Indian bees described above are represented in

the Nurse collection at the British Museum.

Megachile diodontura, sp, n.

g.—Length about 7°5 mm., anterior wing 7 mm.

Black, with head almost as large as thorax and short broad

abdomen; mandibles black; antennal joints 4 to 10 chestnut-

red beneath, the apical part of 10 blackened ; clypeus exposed,

convex, shining, with scattered strong punctures; long black

hair at sides of clypeus and below antennee, but hair of face

and front mainly cream-colour, with a long beard from lower

margin of clypeus; vertex with short, thin, pale hair, and

some longer hairs interspersed ; a band of dark hairs across

front just above antennee ; vertex dull, very finely rugoso-

punctate, the former with a short smooth line on each side ;

hair of mesothorax short, thin, pale yellowish, the hind

margin (scutello-mesothoracic suture) with a narrow but very

distinct pale band; scutellum with stiff black hair; pleura

with dull white hair; tegule ferruginous. Wings dilute

orange, with clear ferruginous stigma and nervures, but

apically broadly infuscated. Legs very dark reddish, nearly

black, with short pale hair; anterior tarsi simple; anterior

366 Mr. 'T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

coxe with rather short sharp spines; spurs dark brown.

Abdomen shining, with entire transverse sulci at bases of

second gnd third segments ; first segment with short black

hair, the following with thin pale pruinose pubescence, the

broad margin of fourth, and fifth and sixth entirely, densely

covered with very bright ochreous felt-like tomentum ; sixth

segment with a pair “of parallel acute red spines ; ventral

segments beyond the first with ochreous hair-bands.

Zaruma, Ecuador, October 1915 (F. W. Rohwer).

This belongs to a section or subgenus which was first made

known by Spinola in 1853, when he described J/. wanthura

from Parad. Spinola had only the female, but Vachal, in

1908, briefly described what he considered to be the male

from French Guiana, Ecuador, and Bolivia. In the same

year Schrottky described a close relative as M/. bertonii from

Parag guay, and in 1913 he suggested that Vachal’s male was

not the true vanthura, but bertonii or closely related to if.

Finally, Friese, in 1916, described AZ. ranthura, var. brunnei-

pennis, from Costa Rica and Peru, querying whether it might

be identical with bertonwz. The short description appears to

confirm this idea.

M. mterosoma, Ckll., 1912, from Brazil, is very close to

M. bertonu, differing in the pure white hair’ fringing clypeus,

the fewer punctures in middle of clypeus, the more shining

mesothorax, and the more acute and equilateral teeth at end

of abdomen. The JZ. bertonii compared was received from

Schrottky. M. diodontura differs from these species by the

orange-tinted wings, red teeth or spines at end of abdomen, &e.

M. bidentis, Ckll., from Mexico, is of this alliance, and has

wings coloured as in M. dtodontura, but the teeth at end of

abdomen are very short, triangular, and black. JZ. auranti-

pennis, Ckll., from Guatemala, has no coxal spines, apical

spines of abdomen black, &e.

Halictus distinctus, Walker, 1871.

9? .—Type in Brit. Museum.

Wady Genneh.

Hair-bands on apical margins of abdominal segments;

third s.m. very broad above, first rn. joining second s.m.

some distance before end; area of metathorax entirely dull,

minutely rugose in middle, at sides with fine plice; head

broad, almost circular seen from in front; hind spur with

minute teeth.

Records of Bees. 367

Halictus tibialis, Walker, 1871.

3 .—Type in Brit. Museum.

Wady Ferran.

Clypeus strongly produced, shining, with yellow apical

band ; second s.m. very broad.

Probably male of distinctus.

Bombus nasutus, Smith, 1852.

Meade-Waldo regarded B. breviceps, Sm., as a synonym.

I examined workers of both in the Wilson Saunders collection

at Oxford, and, although they are very much alike, I could

separate them on the malar space, which in breviceps is

shorter than its apical width, while in nasutus it is longer

than the apical width.

Plesianthidium fulvopilosum, Cam., 1905.

Large and robust; light tegumentary marks only on

face; sides of abdomen with fulvous or red hair; maxillary

palpi 3-jointed, second joint robust ; pulvilli present ; second

r.n. going beyond outer t.-c.

S. Africa.

On the venation and palpi the genus would fall as a

synonym of Paranthidium, T. & W. Ckll., 1901; but it is

obviously an independent development.

PROTOANTHIDIUM, Cam., 1902.

This is not the same as Protanthidium, T. & W. CkIl.,

1901. I saw Cameron’s three species (from Borneo) in the

British Museum. Al] have the second b.n. going beyond

outer t.-c., and pulvilli present. ‘They may be transferred to

Dianthidium, as follows :—

D. rufobalteatum (Cam.).— Wings dusky, but not bicoloured ;

antenne long ; clypeus and lateral face-marks chrome-

yellow, shining. Male.

D. rufomaculatum (Cam.).—Smaller than ovatum, with the

stigma clear red, which is not true of the other two.

On the other hand, it agrees with ovatum in having

the wings bicoloured, the basal half fuliginous, the

apical abruptly hyaline, with a rather milky effect.

D. ovatum (Cam.),

368 Mr. T. H. Withers on the

XLV.— The Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes.

By Tuomas H. Wrruers, F.G.S.

[Plate V.]

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Turis may be taken as a continuation of my paper on “ Some

Cretaceous and Tertiary Cirripedes referred to Pollicipes ”

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1914, ser. 8, vol. xiv. pp. 167-206,

pls. vii., vill.), While I had the intention later of taking up

the study of the species included here, the material at my

command does not allow me at present to deal with them

in such a comprehensive manner as [ should like ; but the

fact that a species of this group has to be included in my

account of the Riigen Chalk Cirripedes has compelled me to

write the present note.

In the Cretaceous rocks are found quite commonly certain

simple types of Cirripede valves that have been in the main

ascribed to various species of Pollicipes. The geologically

oldest of these is Pollicipes bronni, Roemer, from the Middle

Neocomian (Hilsconglomerat) of Essen, Westphalia, hitherto

known only by the carina, but we are now able to add

the scutum and tergum (Pl. V. figs. 11, 12). This is

followed in the Albian by the common Pollicipes unguis,

J. de C. Sowerby, from the Gault of Folkestone, Kent, and

Pollicipes imbricatus, Withers, from the Blackdown Beds of

Blackdown, Devonshire, and in the Chalk by Pollicipes

glaber, Roemer, and a number of allied species. It would

appear that P. glaber is the direct descendant of P. unguis,

and from P. glaber has arisen at different horizons in the

Chalk a number of forms that are sufficiently distinct to

warrant authors in giving them specific rank.

The following are the species considered by me in this

paper as constituting a single natural group, but when these

species come to be studied more carefully in detail there is

no doubt at all that the number will be decreased :—

Danian—Cenomanian :

Pollicipes angelini, Darwin (carina and tergum only).

Scalpellum attenuatum, H. Woodward.

Pollicipes billaulti, Peron.

"a conicus, Reuss.

Pollicipes ? corrugatus, H. Woodward.

Pollicipes costatus, Kafka.

- cuspidatus, Kafka.

Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes. 369

Pollicipes jilosus, Withers.

ye gamigensis, H. B. Geinitz.

My glaber, ¥. A. Roemer.

Scalpellum longissimum, Withers.

“i oppoliense, Leonhard.

Pollicipes striatus, Darwin.

iy » var. paucistriatus, H. Woodward.

Albian :

Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby.

= imbricatus, Withers.

Neocomian :

Pollicipes bronni, F, A. Roemer.

All the species enumerated above were founded on detached

valves, and in the case of P. unguis and P. glaber only has

any number of valves been found in their natural position.

All the valves have apical umbones. The carina, where

known, is simple in structure, and by this I mean that it is

not separated by means of ridges or alteration in direction

of growth-lines into tectum, parietes, and intraparietes, for

these parts are not defined, and the valve is strongly convex

to flatly-arched in transverse section. The scutum, in addi- ©

tion to the apico-basal ridge, has a second ridge, more or Jess

prominent in the several species, extending from the apex to

about the middle of the basal margin, and like the Arcoscal-

pellids has a comparatively wide tergo-lateral portion, which,

however, varies in width in the several species. The tergum

is not in any way peculiar, but the valve is usually rounded

and protuberant along the occludent margin, followed by a

rather wide furrow extending to the scutal margin. The

upper latus is rather simple, and forms almost an equilateral

triangle, with the scutal side a little longer than the tergal,

but with no elaboration of structure, such as the truncation

of the basal angles and the growth-lines upturned at the

sides. Of the lower latera, the carinal latus is the valve

more frequently found, and this is subtriangular to oblong

in shape, and is about twice as large as the rostral and

inframedian latus, which are almost exactly similar in shape

and size. The rostrum is subtriangular, large, and wide,

usually with an apico-basal ridge. The peduncular plates

are large, with a smooth, narrow, inwardly-projecting ledge ;

on the inner margin of this ledge in the plates belonging to

P. unguis there is a median elliptical socket, but I have not

noticed such a feature in the numerous peduncular plates

that I have seen of P. glaber.

370 Mr. T. H. Withers on the

Pollicipes glaber would in itself appear to be an extremely

variable form, but whether the allied forms, occurring

mainly in the upper zones of the Chalk, are really offshoots

from that species, or whether they constitute closely-allied

and parallel species, can be determined only by getting

together a collection of properly-collected material from

ditferent horizons. I have already gone some way in this

direction, but the purport of this paper is not to discuss the

species so much as to work out the structure of the capitulum,

and to gain some idea as to the phylogenetic position of the

group of species.

Since most of the evidence is exhibited by the species

Pollicipes unguis, we will now proceed to discuss the

material, but it would seem unnecessary here to describe

the valves of this species in detail, since this has already

been done by Darwin, and myself in the case of the scutum.

Scalpellum (Cretiscalpellum) unguis (J. de C. Sowerby).

(Pl. V. figs. 1-10.)

1836, Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby, Trans. Geol. Soc. ser. 2,

vol. iv. p. 339, pl. xi. fig. 5*.

1886. Pollicipes levis, J. de C. Sowerby, zdzd. pl. xi. fig. 5 (non

pl. xvi. fig. 1).

1845. Non Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby; A. Reuss, Béhm.

Kreidef. p. 17, pl. v. fig. 44. 7

1850. Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby; H. B. Geinitz, Das

Quadersandsteingeb. p. 100.

1850. Pollicipes levis, J. de C. Sowerby; H. B. Geinitz, did. p. 100.

1351. Pollicipes ungurs, J. de C. Sowerby; C. Darwin, Pal. Soc.

Monogr. Foss. Lepadide, p. 64, pl. iv. fig. 1.

1854. Pollicipes unguis, J. de ©. Sowerby; C. Darwin, Ray Soe.

Monogr. Subclass Cirripedia, Synop. et Index Systematicus,

p. 637.

1854. Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby; J. Morris, Cat. Brit. Foss.

2nd ed. p. 96.

1865. Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby ; Salter and H. Woodward,

Cat. & Chart Foss. Crustacea, p. 27, pl. i. fig. 6.

1877. Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby ; H. Woodward, Brit. Mus.

Cat. Brit. Foss. Crustacea, p. 141.

1886. Non Pollictpes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby; J. Kafka, Sitz. Ber. k.

Bohm. Gesell. Wiss. Prag (1885), p. 573 (=P. glaber, Roemer).

1887. Non Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby; Fritsch and Kafka,

Crust. Bohmischen Kreidef. p. 12 (=P. glaber, Roemer).

1910. Pollicipes unguis, J. de C. Sowerby ; Withers, Geol, Mag. dec. v.

vol. vil. p. 498, text-figs. 4, 5a, d.

Diagnosis —Carina bowed inwards, comparatively wide at

the base, and the basal margin bluntly pointed and usually

somewhat rounded ; rostrum subtriangular, bowed inwards,

and transversely convex; carinal latus with the upper and

ies

hie

Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes. 371

lower margins subparallel, and the latera! and carinal mar-

gins almost equal in length, the valve being somewhat

oblong in shape.

Distribution. —Albian, Gault; Folkestone, Kent; Dienville

(Aube), France.

J. de C. Sowerby (1836, pl. xi. fig. 5*) established the

species Pollicipes unguis on two valves, which presumably

represent a rostrum and a carinal latus, and at the same

time (1836, pl. xi. fig. 5) gave the name Pollicipes levis to a

carina and two terga which really belong to Pollicipes unguis.

Darwin (1851, p. 64, pl. iv. fig. 1) for good reasons

thought it advisable to adopt the name P. unguis in prefer-

ence to P. levis, and he figured a number of detached valves,

mostly fragmentary, said by him to belong to a single indi-

vidual. They comprised ‘‘a carina and pair of terga,

much mutilated, a rostrum, sub-rostrum, a pair of upper

latera, a pair of latera of the lower whori from the carinal

end of the capitulum, and two other latera of this same

whorl from one side of the rostral end of the capitulum.”

From Darwin’s statement as to the incompleteness of the

terga and carina, as well as from the present state of

the specimens, which are in the Geological Survey Museum,

registered 31378, it is quite evident that other specimens

must have been used in the drawing of the figures. The

carina could not have been drawn from the present fragment,

for a part is present which is broken off in Darwin’s figure,

and the terga, which Darwin himself said were much muti-

lated, must have been very much restored. The upper latus

is drawn much too symmetrically. None of the figures of

the lower latera are very accurate, and the subrostrum has

apparently been lost, since it is not with the other valves.

With regard to the lower latera, Darwin further said

(1851, p. 66) : “these consist of two small [attached] valves

(/, k), namely (judging from the position in which, over-

lapping each other, they were embedded), the first and

second, or more probably the second and third right-hand

rostral latera of the lower whorl; and a pair (A, 2) (right-

hand and left-hand) of latera, of about twice the size of the

two anterior ones, which must have come from the carinal

half of the whorl, but the exact position of which I cannot

eli.”

Concerning the number of valves, Darwin said (1851,

p- 67): ‘‘ With respect to the number of valves in the whole

capitulum, it is almost useless to speculate: we have two

scuta, two terga, two upper latera, two rostra, and we may,

perhaps, infer two carinwe, making ten valves, we know of

372 Mr. T. H. Withers on the

three pair of lower latera, making sixteen valves: I believe

there must have existed some other latera, but probably

only a few more; for these valves, especially the carinal

pair, are much larger, in proportion to the scuta and terga,

than in any recent Pollicipes. Probably the lower latera,

together with the sub-rostrum, and perhaps a sub-carina,

formed only a single lower whorl.”

For some years now I have not been altogether satisfied

in my own mind with Darwin’s interpretation of these

remains, and more especially’their reference to the genus

Pollicipes, but,in view of Darwin’s opinion as to the number

of valves forming the capitulum, it was necessary to get

proof before raising any discussion, and by the preparation

of a number of specimens this has now been obtained.

In 1910 (p. 499, text-fig. 4) I figured a small incomplete

eapitulum of P. unguis showing the right side, and this

consisted of the carina, scutum, tergum, upper latus, and

carinal latus. That specimen not only showed the scutum,

unknown to Darwin, but the valves were preserved in their

natural position, aud it proved the position of the carinal

latus. Darwin certainly did recognise this latter valve of

P. unguis as a carinal latus, but, curiously enough, the

homologous valve in the closely-related species P. glaber

(1851, pl. ii. fig. 107) was regarded by him as a “ Latus

(probably from near the rostrum).”

Two specimens carry the evidence a stage further. One

(Pl. V. fig. 1) in the Geological Department of the British

Museum, registered 59802, exhibited the inner surface of

the valves of the right side of an incomplete capitulum, and,

when these were filled with plaster and the matrix taken

away from their upper surface, the valves were seen to be

almost in their natural position and to consist of the carina,

tergum, carinal latus, avd inframedian latus. The second

specimen (Pl. V. fig. 2) is in the Sedgwick Museum,

Cambridge (Wiltshire collection), and exhibits the carina,

and on each side the carinal latus, followed by the left and

right inframedian latus.

Turning now to other specimens in the Geological Depart-

ment of the British Museum, one, registered 44300, shows

remains of more than one capitulum. From this specimen

were obtained five peduncular plates, of which two are

figured (Pl. V. figs. 9, 10). There is on the matrix, in

addition to a carina, paired terga, and upper latus, a left

carinal latus and two other lateral valves attached together

(Pl. V. fig. 3). Now one of these last two valves is the

opposing valve of that which we know from specimen 59802

Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes. 373

(Pl. V. fig. 1) to be the inframedian latus, and it follows

from this that the other valve must be the rostral latus.

Two similar valves were exhibited apart from each other

on specimen J. 1573 (PI. V. figs. 44,6), and these may

have belonged to a single individual. In both specimens

44300 and I. 1573 the two valves, although much larger,

are exactly similar in structure to the two attached valves

(Pl. V. fig. 5) figured by Darwin (1851, pl. iv. fig. 1 4),

and consequently the latter valves are the /efé rostral and

inframedian latus, and not right-hand valves as supposed by

Darwin. Moreover, in all the specimens, these two valves

il.

Scalpellum (Cretiscalpellum) unguis (J. de C. Sowerby). Albian, Gault:

Folkestone, Kent. Restoration of capitulum.

c, carina; s, scutum; ¢, tergum; w./., upper latus; ¢./., carinal latus ;

1.1, inframedian latus; 7./., rostral latus ; 7, rostrum; s.c., subearina.

show that the rostral latus was not only overlapped by the

inframedian latus, but the two valves are very similar in

shape and size. Consequently, if the rostral latus was

placed in position beneath the inframedian latus in the

specimen 59802 (Pl. V. fig. 1), there would be no room

for further latera.

So far, then, we have proved that the capitulum consisted

of a carina, two scuta, two terga, two upper latera, and three

pairs of lower latera only, making thirteen valves in all. In

addition, we know that there was a large rostrum, and

Darwin figured a valve which he called a subrostrum. I can-

not conceive how the latter valve could have formed part of

374 Mr. T. H. Withers on the

the rostral end of the capitulum, especially beneath such a

large wide plate as the rostrum actually is, and in my

opinion it is a subcarina, for which there is room between

the carinal latera—otherwise there would be a_ hiatus

between the incurved outer margins of these valves.

The capitulum has therefore fifteen valves only of which

there is any proof, and, in view of the large size of the lower

latera, it is extremely unlikely that there were any more.

Had there been more it is quite certain that fragments

would have turned up in the large amount of material that

I have examined, for several other specimens exhibit lower

lateral valves and in some cases the peduucular plates.

While Darwin thought that there were more than three

pairs of lower lateral valves, he was of the opinion that there

was only a single lower whorl, and, since it has now been

shown that there could have been only three pairs of latera,

there remains no justification, quite apart from other con-

siderations, for the reference of this form, and by inference

the related species, to the genus Pollicipes. A restoration

is given of the capitulum, and except in the case of the

rostrum and subcarina, the exact position of each valve is

proved by one or other of the specimens discussed here.

Evidence for this restoration is just as strong in the case

of the allied species Pollicipes glaber from the Chalk Mar.

Precisely similar valves to those known to comprise the

capitulum of P. unguis have been found detached, including

a great number of the peduncular plates, and the absence

of any other type of valve, although negative evidence, is

strong confirmation of the above conclusion.

The structure of the capitulum of P. wnguis shows that it

represents a type distinct from those already known, but, in

deference to the views of certain eminent authorities on recent

Cirripedes, I refrain from making it a distinct genus, and

content myself with regarding it as a subgenus of the genus

Scalpellum, s. sty., definable as below :—

CRETISCALPELLUM, subgen. noy,

Scalpellids with the upper whorl of valves as in the sub-

genus Arcoscalpellum, except that the carina is simple (that

is, not divided off into tectum, parietes, and intraparietes),

and with three pairs of large practically undifferentiated

lower lateral valves, of which the inframedian latus overlaps

the rostral and carinal latus on either side ; rostrum excep-

tionally large and wide; peduncular plates large with a

smooth, narrow, inwardly-projecting basal ledge.

Subgenotype.— Scalpellum (Cretiscalpellum) unguis (J. de

C. Sowerby).

Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes. “375

Scalpellum (Cretiscalpellum) bronni (F. A. Roemer).

(Pl. V. figs. 11-16.)

1841. Pollicipes bronni, Roemer, Verst. Norddeutschen Kreidegeb.

p. 103, pl. xvi. fig. 8.

1845. Non Pollcipes bronni, Roemer; A. Reuss, Verst. d. Bohmischen

Kreidef. p. 16, pl. v. figs. 40, 41, pl. xii. fig. 4 (=P. glaber,

Roemer).

1845. Non Pollicipes bronnt, Roemer; H. B. Geinitz, Grundriss der

Versteiner. p. 247, pl. ix. fig. 22 (=P. glaber, Roemer).

1850. Pollicipes bronnt, Roemer; H. B.Geinitz, Das Quadersandsteingeb.

. 100.

1851, Pallicives bronnt, Roemer; Darwin, Pal. Soc. Monogr. Foss.

Lepadide, p. 77, pl. iv. fig. 10.

1852. BPollicipes bronni, Roemer; F. A. Quenstedt, Handb. der Petre-

faktenkunde, p. 304, pl. xxi, figs. 17 a-e.

1854. Pollicipes bronni, Roemer; Darwin, Ray Soc. Monogr. Sub-

class Cirripedia, Synop. et Index Systemat. p. 639.

1865. Pollictpes bronnt, Roemer; Salter and H. Woodward, Cat. &

Chart Foss. Crustacea, p. 27, pl. i. fig. 7.

1877. Pollicipes bronni, Roemer; H. Woodward, Brit. Mus. Cat. Brit.

Foss. Crust. p. 139.

1883. Pollicipes bronni, Roemer; F. A. Quenstedt, Handb. der Petre-

faktenkunde, 3rd ed. Abth. 11. p. 467, pl. xxxvii. fig. 9.

1886. Non Pollicipes bronni, Roemer; J. Kafka, Sitz.-Ber. k. Bohm.

Gesell. Wiss, Prag (1885), p. 570, pl. ii. figs. 3a-c (=P.

glaber, Roemer).

1887. Non Pollicipes bronnt, Roemer; Fritsch and Kafka, Crust.

Bohmischen Kreidef. p. 9, fig. 14 (=P. glaber, Roemer).

1889. Non Pollicipes bronni, Roemer; A. Fritsch, Arch. naturw.

Landesd. Bohmen, Prague, Bd. vii. p. 98, fig. 118 (=P.

glaber, Roemer).

1889. Non Pollictpes bronni, Roemer ; A. Peron, Bull. Soe. Sci. Yonne,

Tom. xli (1887), p. 252 (=P. glaber, Roemer).

Diagnosis.—Carina smooth, subcarinated, with the lower

part of the valve unusually wide, and its upper part almost

always bowed outwards. Scutum with the whole tergo-

lateral portion bent almost at right angles to the remainder

of the valve. Tergum with the upper carinal margin un-

usually short, being about one-third the length of the lower

carinal margin.

Remarks.—Hitherto this species has been represented

by the carina only. It is therefore an important addition

to be able to add the scutum and tergum. The scutum and

tergum doubtfully referred by Peron to this species came

from the Cenomanian chalk, and are almost certainly refer-

able to P. glaber.

Distribution.—Middle Neocomian, Hilsconglomerat: Essen-

on-the-Ruhr, Westphalia.

Material.—Several valves of this species from the type-

locality are in the Geological Department of the British

Museum, and comprise eleven carine, registered I. 14081,

376 Mr. T. H. Withers on the

TI. 15447-I. 15456, and another more important sct com-

prising two carinz (I. 15443-4), one scutum (I. 15445), and

a tergum (I. 15446).

Measurements.—The following are the measurements of

the scutum and tergum, and the largest carina :—

Length. Breadth.

mm. mm,

Carina (Pl. V. fig. 15) .... 22:1 (when complete pro- 11:2

bably about 25 mm.).

Scutum (Pl. V. fig. 11).... 18:2 9:3

Tergums (PV nig 12) ia 8:4

Description.— All the valves of this species seen by me

from Essen are much worn, and the comparatively coarse

sand-grains composing the matrix have in most cases pitted

the surface of the valves. From certain valves that are

well preserved it would appear that the surface was origin-

ally smooth, except fer the faint transverse growth-lines.

Carina triangular, unusually wide, about twice as high as

wide, subcarinated, transversely semicircular, with the lateral

margins slightly inflected, basal margin angular, formed of

two curved lines making an angle of about 90°, the outer

angles being produced into short spurs ; the apical part of

the valve is almost always bowed outwards to a variable

extent. The growth-lines follow the outline of the basal

margin, but on the inflected lateral edges they are slightly,

but rather abruptly, upturned. On the inner surface the

lower two-thirds of the valve is deeply concave, and the upper

third of the valve is thick and solid, and no doubt freely

projected to that extent. Two ridges, much more prominent

in some valves than in others, and thickest in the middle,

are produced on the solid apical portion, and they project

beyond the lateral margins, from which they are separated

by a distinct furrow.

Scutum subtriangular, moderately convex transversely,

with the tergo-lateral portion abruptly bent downwards and

inwards from the somewhat raised and rounded apico-basal

ridge ; occludent margin moderately convex ; basal margin

almost straight, about half the width of the occludent

margin. On the inner surface the inner occludent edge is

moderately wide and marked with longitudinal lines; there

is no very deep pit for the adductcr muscle, but above the

pit the valve is thick and solid ; the apical part of the tergo-

lateral edge is broken in this specimen, but it appears to

have been much produced inwards, forming a fairly deep

furrow between it and the flattened inner occludent edge.

Tergum subrhomboidal with a straight apico-basal ridge,

Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes. 377

rather steeper on the carinal side, and a little nearer to the

carinal than to the scutal angle. The surface of the valve

slopes fairly evenly each side of the ridge. The upper and

lower carinal margins are straight, the upper carinal margin

being about one-third the length of the lower, and forming

with it an angle situated about one-fifth the length of the

valve from the apex; occludent margin slightly convex, a

narrow rim along this margin being somewhat protuberant

and divided off from the rest of the valve by a parallel

depression which is wider towards the scutal margin; scutal

margin almost straight, slightly produced below the pro-

tuberant occludent rim, and forming with the occludent

margin an angle situated nearly two-thirds the distance

from the apex. On the inner surface the inner occludent

edge is rather narrower than the upper carinal edge, but

both edges are narrow and are marked with growth-lines

indicating that only a very small part of the valve freely

projected,

Remarks.—This species is characterised not only by its

unusually wide and outwardly bowed carina, but by the way

in which the inner infilled apical part of that valve is pro-

duced into the two lateral and inwardly projecting ridges.

Of the specimens from Essen one only (I. 15449) is not

outwardly bent, but this is practically straight and cannot

be said to be bowed inwards. It would seem therefore to be

a fairly constant character for the carina to be bowed

outwards, although in some recent species this feature is

often variable. I have not seen a carina of the Gault

P.unguis that is bowed outwards, but of the Chalk P. glaber

one does rarely come across carine that are strongly bowed

outwards. The scutum of P. bronni is peculiar in the strong

inflection of the tergo-lateral portion, and the tergum in the

shortness of the upper carinal margin.

I have not seen any examples of the carina from the

Warminster beds referred by Darwin to this species, but,

since the outward bending of the carina seems to be such a

constant character of P. bronni, 1 am not at all sure that

the Warminster form which is bowed inwards—and what is

more important has a more tapering form—can be the same

species.

PHYLOGENETIC PosITION.

The capitulum of Cretiscalpellum is remarkably erect and

Scalpellum-like, and quite unlike the short and rather squat

multi-valved capitulum of Pollicipes (Miiclla). In the

general build of the capitulum, and the relative position of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 25

378 On the Morphology of some Cretaceous Cirripedes.

the valves, there is much resemblance to the forms of

Scalpellum included in the subgenus Areoscalpellum. This

is more especially marked in the case of the upper whorl

of valves which agree almost exactly in disposition, and

except for the more simple carina, which is not divided off

into tectum, parietes, and intraparietes, there are no dis-

tingwishing "features. While there is a somewhat similar

disposition of the lower whorl of valves to that in Arcoscal-

pellum there is a great difference structurally, for the

inframedian latus overlaps the rostral and carinal latus on

either side; the. lower lateral plates are hardly at all

specialized, for the rostral and inframedian latus are almost

exactly alike in shape and size, and resemble very much the

carinal latus, which, however, is about twice as large as the

rostral and inframedian Jatus ; the rostrum is comparatively

very much greater in size than in any known Arcoscalpellid,

in which latter it becomes exceedingly small or is entirely

absent in the more recent forms. Crediscalpellum is clearly

related to Arcoscalpellum, but, while the valves have com-

bined to form a somewhat similar capitulum, the individual

valves, especially the carina and the lower latera, still retain

their primitive structure, and have not become so specialized

in shape as in Arcoscalpellum and the more specialized forms

of Scalpellum, s. str.

There would seem to be some relationship also to Calaniica

(Scillelepas), especially in the lower whorl of valves. In

Scillelepas there is no upper latus interposed between the

scutum and tergum, the valve which is homologous with

the upper latus in other forms being still a member of the

lower whorl. The valves of the lower whorl in Sez/elepas

are not so differentiated in shape as in Arcoscalpellum,

although more so than are the valves of Cretiscalpellum, and

the median latus does not overlap the rostral and carinal

latus, but on the contrary is overlapped on each side by

those valves.

The structural resemblance of Cretiscalpellum is therefore

closest to Arcoscalpellum, and this probably mdicates not

that <Arcoscalpellum was derived from Cretiscalpellum, but

that they had a common ancestor, which in some way was

related to Scillelepas.

Arcoscalpellum has a known range from the Lower Cre-

taceous (Aptian) to Recent, ‘refiscalpellum is known to

exist still earlier in the Lower Cretaceous, for it oecurs in

the Neocomian, but it is not known more recent than the

Danian, and Scillelepas has a known range from the Upper

Cretaceous (Upper Senoman) to Recent, although it is

probable that 1t existed in the Jurassic rocks.

On a remarkable Dipterous Insect from Kashmir. 379

For the loan of specimens my thanks are due to Mr. Henry

Woods, F.R.S., of Cambridge University, and to Dr. F. L.

Kitchin and the Director of the Geological Survey.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Scalpellum (Cretiscalpellum) unguis (J. de C. Sowerby).

Albian, Gault: Folkestone, Kent.

Fig. 1, Part of a capitulum, showing right side, with the valves slightly

displaced and the scutum, upper aud rostral latus added in

outline. B.M., 59802.

Fig. 2. Carinal end of a capitulum from right side. Sedgwick Museum,

Cambridge.

Fy. 3, Associated rostral and inframedian latera (from left side).

B.M., 44300.

Fig. 4. Rostral and inframedian latera (from left side, found apart on

a small piece of clay). a, outer view; 0, inner view. B.M.,

I. 1573.

Fig. 5. Associated rostral and inframedian latera (from left side). Origl.

of Darwin’s pl. iv. fig, 14. Geol. Surv. Museum, 31378.

Fig. 6. Rostrum. Outer view. Origl. of Darwin’s pl.iv. fig. le. Geol.

Surv. Museum, 31378,

Fig. 7. Rostrum. Outer view. B.M., I. 13467.

Fig. 8. Rostrum. Inner view. B.M., 41920.

Fig. 9. Peduncle plate. Outer view. B.M., 44500.

Fig. 10. Peduncle plate. Inner view of basal portion showing median

elliptical socket. B.M., 44800.

Figs. 1-8, x 2 diam.; figs. 9 & 10, x6 diam.

Scalpellum (Cretiscalpellum) bronni (F, A. Roemer).

Middle Neocomian, Hilsconglomerat: Essen-on-the-Ruhr, Westphalia.

Fig. 11. Scutum (left), Outer view. B.M., I. 15445.)

Fig. 12. Tergum (left). Outer view. B.M., 15446. |

Fig. 13. Carina. Outer view. B.M., I. 15443. . 2 diam

_ Fig. 14. Carina. Inner view. B.M., I. 15444. a :

Fig. 15. Carina. Side view. B.M., I. 15447.

Fig. 16. Carina. Side view. B.M., I. 15448. J

For explanation of lettering see legend of text-figure.

XLVI.—Deuterophlebia mirabilis, gen. e¢ sp.n., a remarkable

Dipterous Insect from Kashmir. By F. W. Epwaxps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate VL]

In October 1921 Mr. Martin E. Mosely presented to the

British Museum a few insects collected and sent to him by

Mr. FI. J. Mitchell, Honorary Director of Trout Culture in

Kashmir; the specimeus were obtained in the neighbourhood

25*

380 Mr. F. W. Edwards on a remarkable

of Srinagar, Kashmir, in or by mountain streams at a height

of 11,000-12,000 ft. The collection contained only about

half-a-dozen Diptera, but among these were two examples of

the most extraordinary insect to be described below. Many

of the characters of this species are so remarkable that there

seemed at first room to doubt whether it might not be

Neuropterous rather than Dipterous, the wings and head

both suggesting the Ephemeridze in some respects. After an

examination of the literature, however, and after consulting

my colleagues at the British Museum, and my friends

Dr. C. P. Alexander, Mr. J. E. Collin, Mr. K. J. Morton,

aud Dr. D. Sharp, all possible doubt on the matter has been

removed, and there can be no question that the insect

represents a new Dipterous type for which it will be

necessary to erect a special family. This new family is

perhaps allied to the Blepharoceridz, themselves one of the

most aberrant groups of the Diptera, but the differences are

so great that there seems no justification for including the

new genus within the Blepharoceridee. Some points of its

structure even suggest the possibility that our insect may have

some connection, however remote, with the Cyclorrhapha.

I propose to name and define the family as follows :—

Fam. Deuterophlebiide, nov.

FTead small, broad, and flat, hidden under the projecting

mesonotum. No traceof mouth-parts. Noocelli. Antenne

6-segmented, the last segment (at least in the ¢) several

times longer than the whole body and practically bare, the

remaining segments all rather short. Thorax very large,

not much shorter than the abdomen; no distinct suture

between the mesonotal preescutum and scutum. Abdomen

with nine distinguishable segments (including the genital),

but segments 1, 2, and 8 all very much reduced. No

abdominal spiracles. Legs: coxe all short. Tibial spurs

absent. Tarsi with large subcircular empodia and each with

only a single claw. Wings very large and broad, covered

with dense microtrichia and with a fringe of fine hair round

the posterior margin, but no trace of macrotrichia even on

the costa. Hardly a trace of true veins, but an elaborate

fan-like development of secondary folds, with transverse

folds forming concentric lines. Halteres well developed.

Typical genus, Deuterophlebia, gen. nov., with the characters

of the family.

The new genus differs from all known Blepharoceridz

in the absence of mouth-parts and ocelli, the form of the

Dipterous Insect from Kashmir. 381

antennz, the possession of large empodia, and the absence of

a definite true venation in the wings, of macrotrichia along

the costal margin, and of a chitinised area at the base of the

anal lobe of the wings. It resembles the Blepharoceridze

in the shape of the body and wings and in the possession

of a well-marked “‘ secondary venation ”; this last, however,

Fig. 1.

Deuterophlebia mirabilis, gen. et sp. n.

Outline of whole insect, x 6. (The writer is indebted to

Mr. A. J. E. Terzi for the figure.)

is on an entirely different plan from that known in any

Blepharocerid.

As Mr. J. E. Collin has pointed out to me, the antennal

structure is curiously suggestive of the Cyclorrhapha, the

long terminal segment with two short segments preceding

it recalling the arista, with its two small basal segments, of

382 Mr. F. W. Edwards on a remarkable

Cyclorrhaphous families. The reduction of the basal seg-

ments of the abdomen might also seem to point in the same

direction. However, the structure of the hypopygium is of

a distinctly Nematocerous type, and not at all dissimilar

to that of the Blepharoceride. This organ almost certainly

provides the most reliable evidence of relationship. The

connection with the Blepharoceride may therefore be

expected to be coufirmed when the larve and pupe are

discovered. It may be noted that some rather remarkable

unidentified Blepharocerid larvee from Kashmir have been

described by Agharkar (Rec. Ind. Mus. x. 1914).

Unfortunately, nothing was noted by the collector con-

cerning the habits of the flies, and only the male sex was

obtained.

Deuterophlebia mirabilis, sp. n.

Colour deep dull black ; abdomen less intense than the

thorax ; wings greyish, slightly opaque.

Head. The head is rather small, and placed so far back

under the projecting thorax that only small portions of the

eyes are visible in adorsal view. In shape the head is about

one-third broader than long, and very thin and flat, its

diameter from front to back being less than that of the

rather small eyes. The front of the clypeus has a trilobed

appearance, the middle lobe bearing a number of short

bristles. The distance between the eyes is about half the

breadth of the whole head. The occipital foramen is very

large, occupying about two-thirds of the breadth of the head,

and there is no distinct neck. The eyes are subspherical,

without any trace of division into two parts, or of differenti-

ation in the size of the facets. There is absolutely no trace

of ocelli or of mouth-parts, but the mouth is present as a small

oval opening on the under side of the head, leading directly

into a chitinised internal tube. On each side of the mouth-

opening is a small tubular pocket with strongly chitinised

walls, near the opening of which is a small bristle. The

antenne consist of a two-segmented scape and a four-

segmented flagellum ; the first five segments are together

not much longer than the breadth of the head, but the

remaining segment is fully three times as long as the whole

body ; the scapal segments are transversely placed, the base

of the flagellum at first continuing in the same direction,

and then curving forwards. First scapal segment about

twice as long as the second, and somewhat broader, second

cup-shaped, somewhat. oblique, and about as long as broad.

Dipterous Insect from Kashmir. 383

First flagellar segment cylindrical, about as long as the two

scapal segments together, one or two short bristles on the

inner or anterior surface near the tip. Second and third

flagellar segments cylindrical, together slightly shorter than

the first, each with a blunt pale prominence on the inner

(anterior) side beyond the middle, the prominences bearing

several short pale bristles ; there are also a very few short

and fine hairs on the dorsal surface. ‘Terminal joint bare

except for a few fine hairs near the base, tapering very

slightly to just before the tip, which is slightly but distinctly

swollen.

Thorax absolutely bare, the integument dull black.

Pronotum not traceable. Mesonotum very convex and

produced forwards over the head; rounded but rather

narrow in front, very broad behind. No definite suture

separating the preescutum and scutum, but deep and well-

marked divisions between the scutum, scutellum, and post-

notum. Area in front of scutellum flat. Scutellum

extending to almost the full breadth of the mesonotum, and

of even width throughout, its posterior margin slightly

rounded. Postnotum large, convex. Owing partly to the

intense blackness, it is difficult to make out the divisions of

the pleurz in the whole specimen, and the thorax of the

mounted one is damaged. There is a rather large mem-

branous area below and in front of the wing-root. The

mesosternum is almost flat. The mounted specimen shows

that the prothoracic and metathoracic spiracles are both

large, and are each supplied with several tracheal trunks,

uniting just inside the spiracular opening.

Abdomen broad at the base, and tapering considerably

towards the tip, rather feebly chitinised, covered with a fine

microscopic pubescence and with a few scattered transparent

punctures on the tergites. First two segments very much

reduced, without definite tergal plates, but quite distinguish-

able in the formalin specimen. Third segment as long as

the first two together, but still small. Fourth to seventh

all rather large, about equal in length, but decreasing in

breadth. Eighth reduced to a mere ring, but more strongly

chitinised than the preceding. There is absolutely no trace

of spiracles in the abdomen—a very unusual condition

for an adult insect, as it appears to me. Possibly the

spiracles may be represented by groups of two or three

minute bristles, which occur in the places where the spiracles

would be expected. Tracheze, reaching back from the thorax,

are confined to the basal half of the abdomen. Hypopygium

of very simple structure, not rotated, turned upwards.

—

384. Mr. F. W. Edwards on a remarkable

Ninth tergite not distinguishable from the tenth, parallel-

sided, with a broad V-shaped apical emargination, which is

finely hairy. Side-pieces completely united with the ninth

sternite, practically bare, without lobes or modifications of

any sort. Claspers simple, rather broad at the base, narrower

apically, but with rounded tips; on flexor surface with

numerous short curved hairs. Adceagus a simple, strongly

chitinised tube, somewhat broadened at its base.

Legs slender, absolutely bare except for a fine, close, erect

pubescence on the outer two-thirds of the tibie. Coxe all

small, scarcely longer than the trochanters, the hind pair

somewhat stouter than the others. Femora nearly

cylindrical, all about equal in length, the front pair a little

Deuterophlebia mirabilis, gen. et sp. n.

Front (/), middle (m), and hind (hf) legs, x 80;

body in side-view, x 14.

stouter than the others. Front tibize about one-half longer

than the femora, very slender on the basal two-fifths, then

rather slightly and evenly enlarged to nearly twice the

diameter. First segment of front tarsi cylindrical, nearly

half as long as the tibia, and almost as long as the three

following segments together, the last four segments about

equal in length. Middle tibize one-third longer than the

femora, nearly cylindrical, the apical third only considerably

enlarged on the flexor surface, extensor surface somewhat

concave ; tarsal segments bearing the same proportions to

the tibia as in the front legs, and therefore shorter than the

front tarsi. Hind tibize resembling the front ones. First

Dipterous Insect from Kashmir. 385

hind tarsal segment not a quarter as long as the tibia and

scarcely as long as the two following segments together.

The tibize show no trace of apical spurs. The articulations

of the tarsal segments are oblique, and there is a rather

extensive membrane between most of the segments. The

fifth tarsal segment on all the legs is somewhat enlarged

apically, and bears a very large, nearly circular, hairy

empodium. There is a single rather long and slender,

simple, straight, and pointed claw, the second claw being

apparently represented by a minute blunt prominence *.

Wings extremely large for the size of the insect, very

broad, with a conspicuous anal lobe. There are no macro-

trichia on any part of the surface, not even on the costal

margin, but there is a rather long and delicate fringe round

the anal lobe, and the whole membrane is covered with short

microtrichia. The costal margin is only slightly thickened,

and not any darker than the rest of the wing. There are

also very slight thickenings of the membrane faintly indi-

cating some of the veins, the most distinct being Se and R,, the

former of these apparently terminating in the latter at about

the middle of the length of the wing. More distinct than

these vestiges of the true veins is the ‘‘ secondary venation.”

This is quite obvious when the wing is in formalin, and on

a wing being removed and mounted dry it became so con-

spicuous as to appear like a true venation. Were it actually

so, the insect could hardly be included among the Diptera +.

Close examination, however, shows that practically all the

lines are produced merely by creases in the wing, there being

very little trace of true veins. When a wing is mounted in

balsam, the “ secondary venation ” almost entirely disappears

and the traces of true veins referred to above become more

apparent. The two photographs given will indicate the

arrangement of the vein-vestiges and of the secondary folds.

The latter are arranged in a fan-like manner, somewhat

suggestive of the hind wing of an earwig. Besides the

radiating folds there are three concentric lines across the

field of the wing, besides two short transverse lines in the

* It is just possible that the organ regarded as an empodium represents

the second claw. Compare the Blepharocerid genus Hapalothrix, in

which both claws are large and pulvilliform.

+ The only insects which have a venation even faintly resembling this

are Mayflies of the genus Cenzs and allied forms, which also, like our

insect, have no mouth-parts or hind wings and even a somewhat

similarly shaped head. A cursory examination, however, soon shows

that these are the only resemblances between the two groups—the May-

flies, for example, having very differently constructed thorax and legs and

no halteres.

386 Onaremarkable Dipterous Insect from Kashmir.

middle. It is obvious from the arrangement of the folds

that the wing is capable of first folding up fanwise, and then

doubling up so as to occupy the smallest possible space. In

order to demonstrate this completely I made a paper model

of the wing, and obtained the expected result by folding it

carefully along the lines of the ‘‘ secondary venation,’ com-

mencing from the anal angle. Since there is no hard costal

margin (as in the earwig) on which the wing can fold back,

it is unlikely that the folding actually takes place after

emergence; it is much more probable that, as in the

Blepharoceride, the ‘‘ secondary venation” merely marks

the manner in which the wing was folded in the pupa. This

folding of the imaginal wing within the pupal envelope occurs,

so far as I am aware, only in the families Blepharoceride

and Simulide, and almost certainly indicates a relationship

between the new genus and one or both of these families.

The very regular arrangement of the folds in the new

genus is quite unlike the irregular network found in the

Blepharoceride, in which family, moreover, the folds

generally become very faint when the wing is fully expanded

and hardened. The basal sclerites of the wing are very

peculiar, the attachment being unlike that found in either

of the families mentioned.

Halteres with rather slender curved stem and almost

globular knob, surface covered with a microscopic pubescence.

Measurements.—The following are taken from the formalin

specimen, the mounted one is rather smaller :—Antenna,

13mm. Thorax and abdomen, combined length, 3°7 mm.

Width of thorax, 1mm. Length ofwing,5‘G6mm. Greatest

breadth of wing, 2°9 mm.

The following are taken from the mounted specimen :—

Femur. Tibia. Tarsus.

rontilog cine nat 0-75 mm. 11 mm. 10 mm,

Midler "Ss .5.i 3. 0:66" 5, OST: O82

Find Togs, 2 ates 2 O81 ,, 105105; 066" 5;

Hab. Kasumir: Srinagar, 11,000-12,000 ft., July or early

August (Ff. J. Mitchell). Cotypes, two males in the British

Museum, presented by Mr. M. E. Mosely, Oct. 1921—one

dissected and mounted in balsam, the other in formalin, one

wing removed and mounted dry. Mr. Mitchell unfortunately

kept no notes as to the habits of the flies, but wrote on

25.xi1.1921 that “ the area in which the collection was made

is now probably under 6 ft. of snow, increasing possibly to

20 ft. or 80 ft. in the spring.”

On some supposed new Species of Harthworms. 387

While this paper has been passing through the press,

Mr. Mitchell has returned to England, and has re-examined

the specimens of Deuterophlebia. He was able to recall some

of the circumstances of their capture, and adds the following

note on the exact locality where they were found :—

“These flies were found floating on the edge of Lake

Gungabal, which there has a rocky shore. Close to the

outlet-stream the lake is 11,700! above sea-level, and lies

close under the glaciers of Hurramukh, which rises to nearly

17,000', say 5000! above the surface of thelake. The stream |

from the lake*descends the Wangat Valley, and joins the

Sind River, an affluent of the Jhelum.”

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Deuterophlebia mirabilis, gen. et sp. 2., 3d.

Fig. 1. Head and bases of antenne. xX 30. (Balsam mount.)

Fig. 2. Head from beneath, showing mouth-opening. x 80,

Fig. 3. Base of flagellum of antennz, showing enlargements on first three

segments. X 80.

Fig. 4. Wing, mounted dry, x9. Showing the regular fan-like

arrangement of folds. (Costa slightly folded under towards

base. )

Fig. 5. Wing, mounted in balsam, X9. Showing traces of true venation.

(The apparent distinctness of Se and #, is partly due to this

region not being quite flat.)

Fig. 6. Base of wing, x 30. Showing sclerites of attachment.

Fig. 7. Tip of tarsus, X 180, Showing claw and empodium.

Fig. 8. Tip of abdomen, x 80.

XLVIT.—- A Note on some supposed new Species of Earthworms

of the Genus Glyphidrilus. By J. Srepuenson, M.B.,

D.Sc., Lecturer in Zoology, University of Edinburgh.

In a recent number of this Journal (ser. 9, vol. ix. no. 49,

Jan. 1922, pp. 51-68), Mr. C. R. N. Rao, of the University

of Mysore, describes four new species of Glyphidrilus. As

on a former occasion (Rao, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9,

vol. vili. no. 47, Nov. 1921; Stephenson, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 9, vol. ix. no, 49, Jan. 1922), the descriptions

appeared to me to be mistaken in many points ; besides, one

of the four species seemed to be identical with Glyphi-

drilus annandalei, Mich., and another probably so, while the

two remaining species were obviously immature, and in all

likelihood also belonged to G. annandalei. I therefore

388 On some supposed new Species of Earthworms.

again asked the authorities of the British Museum to allow

me the privilege of examining the types which Prof. Rao

had deposited there ; these were sent to me, and I owe the

authorities of the Museum my best thanks for so kindly

acceding to my request.

Prof. Rao begins his paper by giving a list of Indian

Glossoscolecide ; this list is erroneous—it includes Oriodrilus

bathybates, Steph., which is not an Indian species (it is

recorded only from Japan), and omits Gilyphidrilus papillatus

(Rosa) (Lucknow and Burma). This omission vitiates the

diagnostic table on p. 53.

The ovisacs of all four species are stated to be in the same

segment as the ovaries; in G. rarus the egg-sac is said to be

attached to the posterior surface of septum 12/13 along with

the ovary. The ovisacs are normally one segment behind

the ovaries, anda situation such as that described would be,

practically speaking, impossible.

The testes and male funnels of G. fluviatilis are also made

to occupy an impossible position, and the same is the case

with G. sagfronensis ; moreover, in placing these organs

where he does, the author contradicts his own generic dia-

gnosis on p. 52. He states that the testes in G. fluviatilis

are “mostly free,” whatever that may mean; testes are either

enclosed in testis-sacs or they are not—in the latter case they

are “ free.’ By ‘testicular sacs” Prof. Rao means seminal

vesicles ; there are no testicular sacs in the genus, By

‘canals’? on pp. 54 and 62 the author presumably means

grooves.

One of Prof. Rao’s species is called in his paper G. elegans ;

the type is said to be in the British Museum. No worm so

named was found amongst the specimens received from the

Museum; there were, however, two specimens, one labelled

“type,” of a worm called G. splendens, which is not described

in the paper. ‘These correspond pretty well to the description

of G. elegans, and, as the localities also agree, Prof. Rao

seems to have given two names to the same specimens.

I can be brief in the account of my own examination of

the worms.

1 found none of the abnormal conditions of the genital

organs described by Prof. Rao.

Glyphidrilus fluviatilis and G. elegans or splendens are

identical with G. annandalet, Mich. ; I have myself described

the dorsal shifting of the fourth and fifth lateral papille in a

paper (“ Oligochata from Manipur, the Laccadive Islands,

Mysore, and other Parts of India”) which is appearing in the

On the “Ground-Hogs” or “Cane-Rats” of Africa. 389

‘Records of the Indian Museum’; and the oval (instead of

circular) shape of the papilla in G. elegans, to which Prot. Rao

attaches importance, is due merely to the great contraction of

the specimen.

G. rarus and G. saffronensis are obviously immature ; they

lack clitellum and papilla, and have only the faintest trace of

the prominent ‘‘ wings” characteristic of mature specimens

of the genus. In G. rarus I found only doubtful indications

of testes and funnels, no spermathece, the ovary small on one

side and absent on the other, the ovisac absent on the one side,

small on the other, and no female funnels. In G. saffron-

ensts I could recognize no testes or funnels, no spermathece,

no ovisacs or female funnels, though the ovaries were of

some size. How Prof. Rao can state, as he does, that “all

the numerous specimens in the collection are fully mature

and the sexual glands well developed”? (G@. rarus), and that

** all the numerous examples in the collection” are “ sexually

mature” (G. saffronensis), I am unable to conceive. From

the extent of the just-beginning “ wings,” which corresponds

with that of the other worms, I have no doubt that these

specimens also are G. annandalet.

A very moderate degree of care, and an elementary know-

ledge of the group with which he is dealing, would have

saved Prof. Rao from most of his mistakes. It is to be

regretted that he has published, in this and his previous

papers, such erroneous descriptions of material which he

destined for the National Collection.

XLVITI.—On the Animals known as ‘ Ground- Hogs”

“Cane-Ltats”’ in Africa. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE Ground-Hogs or Cane-Rats of Africa present a very

considerable uniformity throughout the continent, the common

large species, Thryonomys swinderianus, extending from the

Gambia to the Cape with remarkably little local variation.

There would, however, seem to be suflicient differences

between the extremes to justify the recognition of several

subspecies.

But from these large animals the smaller forms, of which

my 7’. gregorianus was the first to be described, differ from

390 Mr. O. Thomas on the

the others by characters of such value that I now think they

should be distinguished generically. The new genus might

be called Chwromys, with genotype C. gregorianus (I. grego-

rianus, Thos.).

Its skull differs in several important respects from that of

Thryonomys, the chief being the almost complete absence of

the large frontal sinuses present in the latier, and so developed

as to produce a totally different shape of the opening that

leads from the cerebral to the olfactory fossa of the skull.

This opening is narrow below and broad above in Cha@romys,

broad below and narrow above in Thryonomys, where its

upper corners have been compressed by the large frontal

sinuses. Owing to this absence of sinuses the frontal area

is flat instead of convex, while there is also the difference in

the position of the incisive grooves mentioned in the original

description of gregorianus, and now found to be constant in all

the specimens referable to Cheromys.

A further character seems to be that in Charomys there

are only two pairs of mammee instead of three, but I cannot

say how far this difference is likely to be constant, as only

one female Ch@romys is available. Finally, all the known

species of Chwromys have quite a short tail, barely or not

exceeding the outstretched hind foot, while in Zhryonomys

the tail is twice this length or more.

In Cheromys the following subspecies seems to need

description :—

Cheromys harrisoni congicus, subsp. n.

Like true harrisont of the Upper Nile and Lake region,

but colour much paler.

General characters, so far as can be judged by the com-

parison of a female with males, very much as‘in harrisont

and rutschuricus, which appear to be rather doubtfully

distinct from each other. But the colour is far paler, about

as in sclatert, the anterior part of the body brown, the hairs

tipped with buff, not the grizzled blackish of harrisoni.

Posteriorly the buffy, which there covers most of the surface,

becomes only “ pinkish buff,” and not the deep ochreous buff

of harrisoni and rutschuricus. Below buffy whitish, the

hairs of the inguinal region mostly whitish to the roots.

Skull of the general shape of that of harrisond.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 380 mm.; tail 90; hind foot 59.

Skull: greatest length 82; condylo-incisive length 72:5;

“Ground-LHogs”’ or “Cane-Rats” of Africa. 391

zygomatic breadth 50 ; interorbital breadth 25; upper cheek-

tooth series 16°5.

Hab. Lower Welle River, Congo,

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 7. 7. 8.192. Original

number 64, Collected 2nd November, 1905, by Capt. G. B.

Gosling. Presented by the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

This Cane-Rat is readily distinguishable from harrisoni

and rutschuricus by its much paler colour. Being a female—

the only adult female Chewromys in the collection,—any

useful comparison with the skulls of other species is imprac-

ticable, but the general shape of the skull is as in C. harrisont.

In Thryonomys proper there seem to be very few diffe-

rences, cranial or external, between specimens from the

different districts, widely as the whole group ranges.

Originally Temminck’s type was young and without

locality, so that when, in 1831, a Sierra Leone specimen was

identified with it by Bennett, that place was rightly accepted

as the type-locality, and should be so treated.

From this north-western form I can distinguish, as a sub-

species, the common animal of the major part of Africa, from

Uganda and the Upper Congo to the Cape, for which a name

is available given by Peters solely as a synonym, but with

enough description to make it valid. Then the forms of the

Lower Niger and Angola may also be subspecifically recog-

nized, making four in all.

These may be briefly diagnosed as follows :—

Thryonomys swinderianus swinderianus, Temm.

Temminck, Mon. Mamm, i. p. 245 (1827); Bennett, P. Z. 8S. 1831,

p. 111.

Size rather less than in the common form. Colour more

drabby brown, with less contrast between body and rump.

Skull smaller, with a medium amount of development of the

posterior intertemporal gutters.

flab. N.W. Africa, trom Gambia to Northern Nigeria.

Thryonomys swinderianus variegatus, Peters.

Aulacodus variegatus, Peters, Reise Mossamb. p. 188 (1852).

Aulacodus semipalmatus, Heugl. N. Act. Ac. Leop. xxxi. p. 5 (1864).

Aulacodus calamophagus, de Beerst., Pousarg. Bull. Mus. Paris, 1897,

p- 160. ,

Size largest. Colour very coarsely variegated, the head

and fore-back brown, the rump more buffy. Skull large and

392 On the “Ground-LHogs” or ‘Cane-Rats” of Africa.

heavy, with greatly developed occipital crests. Posterior

part of frontal region with deeply notched lateral inter-

temporal gutters, whose edges are sharply defined in old age.

FTab. Central and Southern Africa, from the Bahr-el-

Ghazal and Uganda to Eastern Cape Colony.

Thryonomys swinderianus raptorum, subsp. n.

Size medium. Colour comparatively dark, strongly varie-

gated, but the rump little more buffy than the rest of the

back. Skull rather narrow, and the lateral intertemporal

gutters scarcely developed.

External measurements of type :—

Head and body 576 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 88;

ear 34,

Hab. Forest region of Lower Nigeria and the Gold Coast,

extending eastwards through the Congo area. Type from

Lagos.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 3.18.39. Original

number 4. Collected 19th December, 1919, and presented

by Willoughby P. Lowe.

Thryonomys swinderianus angola, subsp. n.

Smaller. Colour rather more buffy than in raptorum.

Skull short and squat. Supraorbital edges nearly parallel,

the posterior gutters hardly developed.

External dimensions of type:—

Head and body 500 mm. ; tail 195; hind foot 80.

Hab. Angola. ‘ype from the junction of the Luando and

Cuje Rivers. Alt. 4500’. Another from Ndallo Tando,

N. Angola, 2500’ (Ansorge).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 4. 27.2. Original num-

ber 1. Collected 30th August, 1919, and presented by

Capt. Gilbert Blaine.

Skull-dimensions (all adult males) :—

Ts. swindertanus.

Bennett’s original ae raptorum. angole.

specimen from Natal Type. Type.

Sierra Leone. ;

mm. mm, mm. mim,

Greateshlene thi ce... nec « pain 94 105°5 99 93

Condylo-incisive length ...... 84-2 92°35 88°5 83°'3

Zygomatic breadth .......... 60 70 62 61

Interorbital breadth ........ 346 4] 38 * 32:2

Intertemporal breadth on gutters. 29°7 30°5 375 317

Upper cheek-teeth .......... 19°5 19°2 19-7 19°6

On new Alcides from the Oriental [egion. 393

XLIX.—On new Species of Alcides from the Oriental

Region. By Guy A. K. Marsuwatt, C.M.G., D.Sc.

[Plate VII.]

Alcides crinalifer, sp.n. (Pl. VII. fig. 1.)

& ?. Integument black, clothed above (between the shiny

granules) with small, narrow, non-contiguous, fawn-coloured

scales that are somewhat fimbriate at the apex, and with the

following creamy-white markings, that are formed of dense,

overlapping, broad, plumose scales: a median stripe on the

base of the rostrum and covering the whole forehead; three

stripes on the pronotum, the median being a little narrower

than the laterals; the elytra with a broad stripe continuous

with the lateral one on the prothorax, commencing on

intervals 5 and 6 at the base, but soon passing on to intervals

6, 7, and half of 8, and so continuing to the apex; a stripe

starting just behind the scutellum, running for a short dis-

tance along interval 1, and turning obliquely outwards to

join the lateral stripe before the middle ; and, finally, a stripe

starting on the suture behind the middle, running obliquely

to interval 3, and continuing straight along that interval to

the apex; the lower surface with dense, fawn-coloured,

plumose scales, which are more sparse in the middle of

the metasternum and venter, the last ventrite being mainly

bare.

Head with close shallow punctuation on the vertex, the

forehead with a broad, shallow, punctate depression, which is

filled up with scaling. Rostrum shorter than the front

femur in both sexes, feebly curved, slightly dilated at. the

apex, coarsely punctate as far as the antenne (slightly less

so in 9 than in @), and with a shallow, median, longi-

tudinal impression in the basal half, filled with scaling.

Prothorax transverse, broadest at the base, and narrowing

rather rapidly at the apex, with the sides gently rounded and

shallowly constricted at the apex; the postocular lobes well

developed; the dorsum with fairly large, separated, low, shining

granules, except on the three pale stripes, the lower lateral

margin of the granulate area sharply defined. Scutellum

not enclosed, transverse, bare, either flattened, shallowly

impressed, or with a very deep impression. //ytra very

elongate-ovate, broader than the prothorax at the shoulders,

which are very sloping, and thence gradually narrowed to

the apices, which are slightly dehiscent; the basal lobes

Ann. & Mag. NN. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 26

394 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

much less prominent than usual, the basal margin being

almost transverse from interval 4 to the shoulder ; the dorsal

outline convex, forming a regular curve with its highest

point at the middle, the posterior declivity having an average

slope of 45°; the shallow striz containing small, deep,

separated punctures, each containing a minute horizontal

seta, where not obliterated by the dense scaling ; intervals 1-9

Front femur and tibia of: (a) Aleides crinalifer, sp. n.; (b) A. habenatus,

sp. n.; (c) A. loratus, sp. n.; (d) A. pyrifer,sp.n.; (e) A.jugalis,

sp.n.; (f) A. stevens?, sp. n.; (g) A. subsellatus, sp. n.; (h) A.

arcicollis, sp. n.; (i) A. bryanti, sp. n.; (j) A. trigonophorus,

sp. n.; (k) A. vitalis?, sp. n.

slightly convex, and each with a rather irregular and often

duplicated row of closely-set, low, shining granules, except

along the stripes of dense white scaling; interval 10 with

only a few granules on a line with the metasternum, and

again at the apex. Leys red-brown, with the apices of the

femora and the tarsi blackish, and set with sparse narrow

scales; all the femora with a sharp tooth and a row of

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region. 395

four small teeth in front of it (fig. 1,@); the tibize simple

internally.

Length 85-10 mm., breadth 3-5-4 mm.

Mapras: Ouchterlony Valley, 4500 ft., Nilgiri Hills

(H. L. Andrewes) ; Ootacamund.

Described from four specimens.

Most nearly allied structurally to A. acutus, Fst., but with

markings suggestive of the group represented by A. teniatus,

Hllr., and A. vinculosus, Hllr.; the pattern is, however,

quite distinctive, especially the broad continuous stripe on

intervals 6 and 7 and the hairpin-like marking on the

declivity. |

Alcides habenatus, sp.n. (Pl. VII. fig. 2.)

3S ?. Form elliptical: integument black, with stripes and

bands formed of dense, creamy-white, plumose scales ; the

prothorax with a narrow median stripe and a broader bilateral

stripe, ending on the base opposite intervals 5 and 6 of the

elytra, and below this an ill-defined broad stripe on the

pleurze ; the elytra thinly clothed with short brown setz and

with the following pale markings: a broad curved intra-

humeral stripe, starting at the base on intervals 5 and 6,

turning outwards just behind the shoulder on to intervals

7-10 and ceasing a little before the middle, its inner edge

forming a regular curve or with a more or less distinct

re-entrant angle; a broad oblique band (of varying width)

starting at the middle of interval 2 and sloping backwards to

join the proximal end of a broad lateral stripe that occupies

more than the apical third of intervals 7-9 ; and, finally, a

stripe on the apical fourth of interval 3; the lower surface

fairly densely covered with buff plumose scales.

Head with close shallow punctation and without a frontal

fovea. Rostrum moderately stout, as long as the front femur

in 2 ,shorter in @,a little narrower in the basal than in the

apical half, and with the antenne inserted far beyond the

middle in both sexes ; the dorsal outline shallow sinuate in

the basal half, the punctation fairly strong and close in 2,

and but little finerin 9. Prothorax a little broader than

long, subconical, widest at the base, regularly narrowing in

front, with the sides gently rounded and the subapical con-

striction shallow; the apical margin subtruncate dorsally ;

the longitudinal outline flat behind and gently sloping in

front; the dorsum closely set throughout with low rounded

granules, which are very much reduced on the apical area.

Scutellum punctiform, bare. Hlytra clangate-ovate, distinctly

26*

396 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

broader at the shoulders than the prothorax, the basal lobes

not very strongly produced, the apices jointly rounded ; the

strize with comparatively small shallow punctures and not

deeper or noticeably curved at the base; the intervals with

irregular low granules, which are more numerous on the basal

half and absent from the squamose areas, the darker areas

with numerous short, recumbent, pale sete ; a very shallow

curved impression just behind the scutellum. Legs com-

paratively short, shallowly punctate, and rather thinly

covered with linear scales ; the femora with a short simple

tooth almost hidden by setee ; the tibize almost straight on

the outer edge, the front pair not toothed on the inner edge

and only faintly bisinuate (fig. 1, 6).

Length 65-8 mm., breadth 3-3°5 mm.

Manpras: Kodaikanal (7. V. Campbell, type) ; Palni Hills,

6000 ft. (P. B. Nathan).

Described from ten specimens.

Closely resembles A. audax, Heller, in general facies, but

in that species the humeral stripe on the elytra is replaced

by a subhumeral spot, the oblique posterior stripes meet on

the suture in front of the middle and do not extend along

the lateral margin to the apex, and the non-squamose areas

of the elytra bear only sparse inconspicuous dark sete.

Alcides trigonophorus, sp.n. (PI. VII. fig. 10.)

dg ?. Form subelliptical; integument black, thinly clothed

with short, recumbent, brown sete and marked with narrow

pale lines formed of whitish scales that are narrowly bifid or

trifid to the base ; the prothorax with five sharply defined

pale stripes, the upper lateral one terminating at the base

opposite the shoulder of the elytron, the lower lying below

the level of the lateral margin of the elytron; the elytra

with a subtriangular marking formed by a narrow oblique

line on each, running from the base of stria 1 to behind the

middle on interval 9, and there connected together by a post-

median curved line of the same width; a pale line on

interval 9 from the base to one-third the length and another

at the apex of iiterval 38; the lower surface clothed with

numerous brown plumose scales.

Head with shallow confluent punctation and narrow split

scales, the forehead transversely unpressed. Rostrum long

and slender, slightly widened at the inserticn of the antennz

(beyond the middle in both sexes) and again at the apex,

rather strongly punctate throughout (except at the extreme

apex in the ¢), but the punctures on the posterior part

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region. 397

closer and longitudinally confluent, there being a low median

carina which sometimes extends beyond the antennee ; the

punctures in the g markedly coarser thanin the ?. Antenne

slender, the scape nearly as long as the funicle and. club

together; the funicle with joint 2 as long as but more slender

than 1, 3 longer than 4, 4 to 6 equal in length and longer

than broad, 7 more separated from the club than usual and

only as long as its basal joint. Prothorax rather transverse,

subconical, broadest at the base and rapidly narrowing in

front, the sides feebly rounded and with a distinct subapical

constriction ; the dorsal apical margin truncate, the post-

ocular lobes feeble, and the dorsal outline only slightly

convex ; the dorsum with shailow rugulose punctures, many

of the interspaces forming irregular granule-lke elevations,

which are coriaceous and opaque. Scutellwm very small,

punctiform, not enclosed in front. Elytra oblong-ovate, a

little broader at the shoulders than the prothorax, obtusely

rounded at the apex, and with a shallow transverse impression

near the base ; the striz deeper at the base and apex, else-

where containing large oblong punctures; the intervals

rather broader than the strie, very finely and transversely

rugulose. Legs (fig. 1, 7) moderately long and slender,

rugosely punctate, clothed with short brown setze and narrow

split scales ; the femora less clavate than usual, with a long

sharp tooth, followed by two or three denticulations ; the

front tibize feebly curved externally and shallowly bisinuate

within, the posterior pair simple. Sternum with the front

intercoxal space only one-third as wide as the median

one ; the metasternum coriaceous, feebly and transversely

granulose.

Length 8°5-9'°5 mm., breadth 3°25-3°75 mm.

Inp1a: Manipur, Assam (Doherty).

Described from six specimens.

In general form, structure, and size very similar to

A. scenicus, Fst., but readily distinguished from this and all

its other allies by the very distinctive pattern, which

strikingly resembles that of a structurally very different

species, A. ligatus, Pasc.

Alcides loratus, sp.n. (Pl. VIL. fig. 3.)

& ?. Form subcylindrical ; integument black, with stripes

and bands composed of pale, narrow, plumose scales dusted

with pale yellow powdering; the forehead and base of the

rostrum with thin powdering; the pronotum with a narrow

median stripe from the base to beyond the middle, and a

398 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

broad bilateral stripe extending obliquely from the front

margin to the basal angle below the shoulder of the elytra;

the elytra with a slightly oblique dorsal stripe from the base

to about one-third the length, starting at the base on

intervals 2 and 3 and ending on intervals 3-5; behind the

middle a complete broad transverse band gradually widening

outwardly and curving forwards at the sides, being usually

continued as a narrow stripe along interval 8 to the base ;

and, finally, a broad V-shaped mark at the apex on

intervals 3 and 7-9, not uniting with the transverse band ;

the lower surface with dense pale scaling and yellow dusting

throughout.

Head coriaceous on the vertex, the forehead sparsely

punctate and with a shallow median fovea. Rostrum only a

little longer in ? than in @, strongly deflexed, slightly

curved distally, cylindrical as far as the antenne and very

little wider beyond; in the ¢ closely and fairly strongly

punctured throughout, with a short smooth median hne

between the antennee, and the submentum with a downwardly

projecting tooth; in the 2 the punctures rather smaller

and separated. Antenne inserted well beyond the middle in

both sexes, the scape longer than the funicle ; joint 2 of the

funicle as long as but much more slender than 1, 3 to 5 equal

and as long as or a little longer than broad, 6 wider and

longer than broad, 7 as long as the first two joints of the

club. Prothorax widest at the base, subconical, the sides

gently rounded and distinctly constricted near the apex; the

anterior dorsal margin feebly rounded, the postocular lobes

distinct and heavily fringed; the dorsal outline sloping

gently near the apex and plane behind ; the dorsum closely

set with somewhat depressed, forwardly directed, and pointed

granules, each bearing a recumbent seta, but the apical area

only with sparse shallow punctures. Scutellum not enclosed,

subcircular or slightly transverse, bare, smooth, plane or

with a more or less distinct median depression. Elytra

subcylindrical, a trifle broader than the base of the pro-

thorax, the basal lobes not very strongly produced, and the

apices separately rounded ; the striaz containing large deep

punctures as far as the postmedian band, beyond which the

punctures disappear, striz 4 and 5 being deeper at the base

and curved outwards; the intervals even, rugulose, and

sometimes indistinctly granulate, the non-squamose parts

fairly densely clothed with short curved setz and thinly

covered with yellow or reddish powdering; a broad deep

impression behind the scutellum, the pre-apical impression

shallow. Legs (fig. 1,¢) rather elongate, rugulose; the

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region. 399

femora rather densely clothed with plumose scales and ~

bearing a broad simple tooth, except the middle pair, which

has a minute additional tooth; the tibiz setose, the outer

edge strongly curved near the base in the anterior pairs, the

front pair carinate on the inner edge and with a deep basal

sinuation. Sternum with the space between the coxe prac-

tically the same in all three pairs; the metasternum finely

rugulose, not granulate.

Length 7°75-8'5 mm., breadth 2°5-3 mm.

Manpras: Palni Hills, 6000 ft., v.1917 (P. B. Nathan,

type) ; Kodaikanal (7. V. Campbell) ; Munaar, Travancore.

Described from seven specimens. é

Like an enlarged A. vafellus, Fst., which it resembles

almost exactly in pattern, except that in that species the

transverse band on the elytra, when viewed laterally, slopes

more obliquely forwards; further, the punctation of the

elytra is much coarser, the prothorax is much less abruptly

cofistricted in front, and the front tibia are only shallowly

sinuate at the base in A. vafellus.

Alcides pyrifer, sp.n. (Pl. VII. fig. 4.)

&. Form suboblong ; integument piceous black, with pale

markings formed of very small, fringed, overlapping, creamy-

white scales; on the pronotum and elytra is a large pear-

shaped area of the ground-colour surrounded by a line of

white scaling, which starts on the front margin of the

pronotum, continues on to the base of interval 5 of the

elytra, almost immediately passes to 6, then at one-third the

length to 7, continues on this to beyond the middle, and then

curves transversely inwards to the suture, being there nar-

rowly separated from the corresponding line on the other

side ; a little behind the middle on interval 8 a short line of

scaling contiguous with the stripe and a similar, rather

longer one on interval 9; a V-shaped white marking at the

apex of intervals 3 and 9; the pronotum with a faint, narrow,

median, pale line in the basal third and a sharply defined

lateral stripe on a line with interval 10 of the elytra; the

lower surface with fairly dense, buff, fringed scales, the meta-

notum with a large lateral patch of much denser silvery-

white scaling.

Head with rather coarse confluent punctation, leaving two

small, transverse, smooth patches on a line with the upper

edge of the eye; the forehead with a faint transverse

impression at its junction with the rostrum and with an

inconspicuous median fovea. Rostrum elongate, gently

400 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

curved, cylindrical to the insertion of the antenne, and

thence slightly dilated to the apex ; very coarsely and closely

punctate almost to the extreme apex, each puncture con-

taming a scale that is fringed at the apex. Antenne with

the scape only as long as the first six joints of the funicle, of

which joint 1 is a little shorter than 24+38, 3 to 6 are

transverse, and 7 is very long, as long as the 24 preceding

joints and more than twice as long as the club, which is

much contracted. Prothorax much broader than long, sub-

parallel-sided from the base to the middle, thence strongly

and roundly narrowed, with a well-marked subapical con-

striction ; the dorsal apical margin rounded, the longitudinal

outline gently convex and sloping upwards anteriorly im

relation to the long axis of the body; the dorsum evenly set

with well-separated, flat, shining granules, the apical area

closely punctate. Scutellum not enclosed, transverse, bare,

and shallowly punctate. lytra cylindrical, distinctly wider

at the shoulders than the prothorax, broadly rounded behind,

and with a curved transverse impression behind the scu-

tellum; the shallow striz with large quadrate punctures

(each containing a minute granule on either side) as far as

the transverse band, behind which the striae are deeper and

the punctures much reduced, the striz not being noticeably

deepened at the base ; the intervals about as broad as the

striz, smooth or finely aciculate, with fairly numerous

minute granules on the apical area and at the extreme base,

there being also single granules on the anterior slope of each

puncture. Legs (fig. 1, d) moderately long and slender,

coarsely punctate, with a scale in each puncture ; the femora

with a very sharp curved tooth and a feebly denticulate

ridge in front of it; the front tibie only gently curved

exterually, strongly bisinuate internally, and with an obtuse

tooth behind the middle, the posterior pairs simple and

scarcely bisinuate internally. Sternum with the front inter-

coxal space narrower than the median one; the sculpturing

of the metasternum concealed by the scaling.

Length 9-10 mm., breadth 3°5-4 mm.

Sarawak: Mt. Matang, 11.1914, Quop, iii, 1914, Retuh,

v. 1914 (G. HL. Bryant).

Described from five specimens.

Alcides pyrifer hemicyclus, subsp. n.

¢. Differs from the typical form in the following charac-

ters: The elytral stripe broadly interrupted on each side

belind the shoulder, the marking behind being therefore

—

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region, 401 |

shaped like a horse-shoe; moreover, the contiguous stripes

on intervals 8 and 9, instead of being much shorter than

that on 7, are nearly or quite as long; and there is no trace

of the median stripe on the pronotum. ‘The sides of the

prothorax are not parallel in the basal half, but distinctly

convergent in front.

Length 9°5-10°5 mm., breadth 3°75-4 mm.

S.E. Borneo: Pengaron (Doherty).

Described from four specimens.

Alcides jugalis, sp. n. (PI. VII. fig. 5.)

3 @. Form subecylindrical; integument black, with pale

markings formed of small, short, whitish, plumose scales

dusted with ochreous powdering ; the pronotum with three

stripes, the median one much narrower than the laterals, and

all reaching the apex; the elytra with a broad sutural

stripe on intervals 1 and 2 from the base almost to the

middle ; a uarrow, shorter, and rather oblique stripe start-

ing at the base on interval 6 and ending on interval 4;

a broad, complete, common, transverse band behind the

middle, which widens and curves forwards at the sides, being

continued to the base as a narrow stripe along interval 10;

and a subtriangular apical patch covering all the declivity

except interval 11 ; the lower surface fairly densely covered

with plumose scales and ochreous powdering, which are

thinner down the middle of the metasternum and abdomen.

Head unusually broad, longitudinally rugulose, and with-

out any median fovea. Rostrum stout, subcylindrical,

almost straight, slightly narrowing from the base to the

middle, and feebly widening again at the apex, of about equal

length in the two sexes, coarsely punctate and longitudinally

striolate at the base, and with a broad deep furrow on each

side between the eye and antenna; the punctures strong and

close throughout in the ¢, almost as strong on the basal

half in the ¢, but much finer apically. Antenne inserted

beyond the middle in both sexes, the scape a little shorter

than the funicle, of which joint 1 is longer than 2 and 8,

3 to 6 are bead-like and transverse, and 7 is much shorter

than the club. Prothorax a little shorter than its basal

width, subconical, gradually narrowed from base to apex,

with the sides only slightly rounded and the subapical con-

striction feeble; the dorsal apical margin rounded, the

longitudinal outline almost flat, but the whole prothorax

tilted upwards in front; the dorsum set throughout with

small separated granules, those on the discal area each

402 ; Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

bearing an opaque patch, the remainder shiny, and the

apica] area coriaceous dorsally and rugosely punctate at the

sides. Scutellum small, ovate, bare, and entirely enclosed in

front. Hlytra subcylindrical, hardly broader than the pro-

thorax at the shoulders, very slightly widening behind and

broadest not far from the apex, which is very broadly

rounded, and with a shallow transverse impression close to

the base; the broad deep strie containing large quadrate

fovez, and becoming much shallower on the declivity; the

intervals much narrower than the strizw, subcostate, shiny,

rugulose, and the dorsal ones subgranulate towards the

base; the setz on the non-squamose area extremely minute.

Legs (fig. 1, e) moderately long, rugosely punctate, and thinly

clothed with linear scales; the femora with a small, sharp,

simple tooth ; the front tibia much compressed, very broad

in the basal half, and rapidly narrowing towards the apex, the

outer edge gently and evenly curved, the inner edge almost

straight and with a very small sharp tooth not far from the

base, and the posterior pairs simple; the front coxz of the

3 with a laminate tubercle. Sternum with the front coxz

almost as widely separated as the middle pair; the meta-

sternum smooth and with a few sparse granules.

Length 12-13 mm., breadth 4°5-4°75 mm.

Matay Prenrnsvuzta: Kinta Valley, 8. Perak (Hl. N. Ridley,

type) ; Ligor (Castelnau).

Described from a pair.

Allied to A. sellatus, Fst., but that species is much

smaller and has a very deep depression at the base of the

elytra; the stripe on the basal third of intervals 5 and 6 is

united externally with the lateral stripe; the front tibize

are armed with a strong sharp tooth at the middle of the

internal edge, ete.

Alcides subsellatus, sp.n. (Pl. VII. fig. 7.)

3 2. Formsubcylindrical; integument black, with sharply

defined creamy-white stripes and bands; the head and

the rostrum (in ¢ only) with thin pale scaling; the pro-

notum with three pale stripes which do not quite reach the

apex; the elytra each with an oblique stripe starting at the

base just in front of the scutellum and ending at the middle

on stria 4, and another lateral stripe starting at the base on

intervals 6 and 7 (and including the extreme base of 5) for

one-fourth the length, then passing for a short distance to

intervals 7 and 8, then widening to cover intervals 6-9, and,

finally, merging into a broad, well-defined, transverse hand

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region. 403

that extends right across the elytra; the dark dorsal areas

densely clothed with curled black scales, except at the apex

where there are sparse, pale buff, setiform scales; the basal

third of the lateral area, including the shoulders, quite bare

and shiny; the lower surface fairly closely covered with

pale buff plumose scales, except on the sides of the meta-

sternum, which are very densely clothed with a silky patch

of silvery-white hairs.

Head with confluent punctation and a shallow median

fovea ; a short median carina about the fovea in the ¢ only.

Rostrum very long, longer than the head and prothorax, of

equal length in the two sexes, and gently curved; in the g

the dorsum markedly flattened from the base to the an-

tenn, with a sharp median carina terminating at an inter-

antennal fovea, an undulating lateral carina at the edge of

the flattened area, and a less distmct one just within, the

apical area convex and closely punctate, and the submentum

with a downwardly projecting tooth; in the ? not flat-

tened above, with confluent punctation in the basal half,

a broad, low, smooth, median carina and a very narrow lateral

one on each side, the apical area sparsely punctate and shiny.

Antenne inserted at the middle of the rostrum in the @ and

a little beyond it in the ¢; the scape as long as the funicle ;

joint 1 of the funicle as long as 2+3, 4 to 6 bead-like and

slightly transverse, 7 as long as the two basal joints of the

club. Prothorax broader than long, parallel-sided from the

base to the middle, then rapidly narrowing to the apex and

with a shallow subapical constriction; the apical margin

truncate dorsally, the dorsal outline slightly convex, the

whole prothorax being tilted upwards auteriorly in relation

to the long axis of the body ; the dorsum throughout with

separated and much flattened granules, except the apical

area, which is closely and shallowly punctate. Scutedlum

small, not enclosed in front, pyriform, broadest behind, bare

and usually with a shallow median impression. Elytra

cylindrical, not broader than the thorax, with a broad, shal-

low, transverse impression at the base, and broadly rounded

behind; the striz shallow and with coarse punctures

(mainly hidden by the scaling), but becoming much deeper

and with much reduced punctures on the declivity; the

intervals even, rugosely punctate, 4 and 5 being subgranu-

late towards the base. Legs (fig. 1, g) elongate, shallowly

punctate, and rather thinly clothed with linear scales ; the

front femora with a broad triangular tooth, the front edge

of which is obscurely denticulate, the teeth on the two

posterior pairs progressively smaller; the front tibie very

404 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

strongly curved at one-third from the base, the outer margin

sinuate in the apical half, the inner margin with a very

large laminate tooth, the posterior edge of which is broadly

flattened, the posterior tibie simple; the front coxe

obtusely tuberculate in the g@. Sternum with the space

between the front cox as broad as that between the middle

pair.

Length 8°75-11 mm., breadth 3:25—4 mm.

Sumatra: Merang ( W. Doherty).

Described from six specimens.

~ Most nearly allied to A. sellatus, Fst., a narrower species,

which has a common broad sutural stripe on the basal third

and the dark area surrounding it is much dilated behind

(parallel-sided in swbsellatus); the prothorax is as long as

broad and a little narrower than the elytra; the saddle-like

basal depression on the elytra is much deeper; the 7th jomt

of the funicle is longer than the club, ete.

Alcides arcicollis, sp.n. (Pl. VII. fig. 8.)

¢. Form subcylindrical; integument black, with pale

markings formed of broad plumose scales covered with

yellow powdering; the pronotum with a mediau stripe which

is broad in the basal half and rapidly narrows in front,

reaching only the subapical constriction, and the broader

lateral stripes more oblique than usual and curving inwards

in front so as to unite before reaching the apex, thus form-

ing a regular arch ; the elytra with a sutural stripe from

the base to the middle, which in its basal half covers the

space from the suture to stria 2, but in the apical half the

inner edge gradually diverges outwards, leaving interval 1

bare; another rather shorter, narrower, and oblique stripe

starting at the base on interval 6 and ending on interval 5 ;

a broad postmedian band, curving forwards (but not widen-

ing) at the sides, reaching the lateral margin at about the

middle, and continuing to the base as a stripe covering the

space between strie 9 and 10 inclusive, and no apical

patch ; the lower surface rather densely clothed with plu-

mose scales and yellow powder.

Head closely and strongly punctate, with a small frontal

fovea and with an impressed line round the upper edge of

each eye. Rostrum elongate, cylindrical, slightly dilated at

the apex, gently curved, and with a downwardly projecting

tooth on the submentum ; with coarse, longitudinally con-

fluent punctation from the base to the antennz, which are

inserted well beyond the middle, the apical area shiny and

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region. A05

sparsely punctate. Antenne with the scape as long as the

whole funicle, which has joint 1 a little shorter than 243,

3 to 6 bead-like and transverse, and 7 as long as the two

basal joints of the club. Prothorax slightly broader than

long, parallel-sided from the base to the middle, then

roundly narrowed and with the subapical constriction rather

shallow ; the dorsal anterior margin slightly rounded, the

longitudinal outlme feebly curved and sloping upwards

from the base ; the dorsum fairly closely set with markedly

flattened granules. Scutel/um punctiform, glabrous, almost

enclosed in front. E/ytra cylindrical, not broader than the

prothorax, broadly rounded behind, and with a shallow

transverse impression at the base ; the deep striz containing

large oblong fovew, which are reduced behind the post-

median band, so that the striz appear deeper there, but not

deepened at the base; the intervals rather narrower than

the striz, subcostate, rugosely punctate, and with small seti-

form scales, which are sparse in the basal half and much

denser at the apex. Legs (fig. 1, h) relatively short and

stout, thinly clothed with short recumbent setz ; the an-

terior pairs of femora with an elongate vertical tooth and

two indistinct denticulations in front of it, the hind pair

with a small simple tooth ; the front tibize broad, narrowing

to the apex, the inner edge not toothed and very feebly

bisinuate, the posterior pairs simple; the front coxze not

tuberculate. Sternum with the front intercoxal space very

nearly as wide as the median one ; the metasternum sparsely

granulate towards the sides.

Length 9°5-10°5 mm., breadth 3°5-3°6 mm.

Java: Depok, iv. 1909 (G. H. Bryant).

Described from two males.

Very closely allied to A. jugalis, sp. n., but the elytra are

more parallel-sided, and the prothorax less conical and more

abruptly narrowed in front ; the lateral stripes on the pro-

notum unite anteriorly before reaching the front margin ;

the sutural stripe on the elytra is furcate posteriorly, etc.

Alcides stevensi, sp.n. (PI. VII. fig. 6.)

3 ¢. Integument black or piceous black, not very densely

clothed with small pale scales, and more or less dusted with

rust-red powder.

Head closely punctate, the forehéad with a shallow median

fovea. Rostrum a little shorter than the front femur in both

sexes, nearly straight but strongly deflected, and gradually

widened at the apex ; strongly and closely punctate through-

out in the @, and with the punctures in the basal half more

406 DEG: As K. Marshall on new

or less confluent longitudinally; in the @ a little longer

and with the punctation much finer. Prothorax rather

broader than long, subparallel-sided for a short distance

from the base, then roundly narrowed and strongly con-

stricted at the apex ; the apical margin narrowly lobate in

the middle dorsally, the postocular lobes well marked ; the

dorsal outline gently convex longitudinally, deepest in

the middle; the dorsum with dense, low, rounded granules,

each with a short recumbent seta on its anterior edge, the

interstices thinly clothed with setiform scales; there is a

trace of a shallow median stria, terminating in a deep

impression on the basal lobe. Sceutellum not enclosed, some-

what pyriform, with a few minute scales, and sometimes

with a shallow median impression. S/ytra subcylindrical,

distinctly broader than the prothorax, with rounded

shoulders and with a shallow, curved, transverse impression

just behind the scutellum; the striz with deep quadrate

punctures, each containing a minute horizontal seta, but

most of them more or less filled up with scaling or powder-

ing, strize 8-5 deeper at the base and curving outwards; the

intervals broader than the striz, plane, and closely punctate

or finely rugulose, 2-5 more or less granulate towards the

base; the scales small, oblong, fringed at the apex and

somewhat curved. Legs (fig. 1, f) dark piceous, sparsely

clothed with similar but larger scales; the femora with

coarse confluent punctation and armed with a stout simple

tooth; the tibiz reticulately punctate, with a sharp tooth

on the inner edge above the middle (reduced to a mere

angulation on the hind pair) and another near the apex.

Length 12-18 mm., breadth 5°25-5°5 mm.

Assam: Silonibari, N. Lakhimpur, v.—vii. 1911 (A.

Stevens).

Described from four specimens.

Like a very large specimen of A. improvidus, Fst., but

without any pale markings; in the latter species the

shoulders of the elytra are less prominent, the intervals are

much narrower than the striz, more rugulose, and very

sparsely punctate.

Alcides gmeline, sp. n.

3 ?. Integument black, or the head and thorax black

and the elytra and legs red-brown; the elytra with a

narrow, ill-defined, pale band across the top of the declivity

composed of narrow feather-scales, and a still less distinct

stripe of similar sparser scales running from behind the

scutellum towards the middle of the lateral margin.

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region. 407

Head with close reticulate punctation throughout in 4,

with any frontal fovea ; ? with the forehead more sparsely

punctate. Rostrum of g shorter than the front femur, only

slightly curved, parallel-sided from the base to the insertion

of the antenne (a little beyond the middle), thence gradually

widening to the apex, closely and strongly punctate

throughout, with a short median stria between the antenne,

and with a downwardly projecting tooth on the submentum ;

rostrum of ¢ also shorter than the front femur (scarcely

longer than that of the g) and with the antenne inserted a

little beyond the middle, the apex less dilated than in the J,

but the punctures nearly as dense and strong. Prothorax

nearly as long as broad, parallel-sided for a short distance

from the base, then roundly narrowed, and broadly con-

stricted at the apex; the postocular lobes rather feeble; the

dorsum closely set throughout with flattened scale-like

granules, with fairly numerous feather-scales at the sides and

a few down the middle line, the rest of the disk with sparse

recumbent sete. Scutellum not enclosed in front, quadrate.

Elytra cylindrical, only slightly broader than the prothorax,

with a very shallow transverse impression near the base ;

the foveole deep and oblong, becoming striate beyond the

transverse pale band; the intervals rugulose, with sparse,

minute, recumbent sete. Legs with numerous narrow

feather-scales ; the anterior pairs of femora with a promi-

nent bidentate tooth, that on the hind pair much reduced ;

the front tibize with a laminate angulation internally about

the middle and with a very small apical tooth near the

uncus, the posterior pairs simple.

Length 6°25-7°5 mm., breadth 2°25-3 mm.

Unitrep Provinces: Dehra Dun, on grass, 1 9, 15. vii.

1912; Dehra Dun, boring in twigs of Gmelina arborea, 13,

19, vil. and ix. 1914 (C. F. C. Beeson). Assam; Cachar,

bred from Gmelina arborea, 1 3, 10. vii. 1920. Burma:

Bilumyo R., Katha, 1 g, 13. v. 1919 (Beeson).

Very closely allied to A. ludificator, Fst. (Ann. Mus. Civ.

Genova, xxxiv. 1894, p, 254), but the ¢ of that species may

be at once distinguished by the absence of the tooth on the

submentum ; and in the ? the rostrum is longer than the

front femur and very finely and sparsely punctate.

Alcides bryanti, sp. n. (Pl. VII. fig. 9.)

3%. Form elliptical ; integument piceous or blackish,

with pale stripes and bands formed of small subquadrate,

overlapping, fringed, creamy-white scales; a narrow stripe

408 Dr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

starting from the front margin of the pronotum on a line

with the inner edge of the eye, running on to the elytra on

the base of interval 5, almost immediately passing to 6 and

continuing on it for one-third the length, then passing to 7

and there continued to the apex, though sometimes more or

less broadly interrupted behind the middle; at about one-

third from the base the longitudinal stripe emits a transverse

band of the same width reaching almost to the suture and

sloping slightly backwards, and at two-thirds the length a

similar but much more oblique, and therefore longer, band ;

between these bands, but on the outer side of the stripe, two

short, variable, and often irregular bands usually reaching

stria 9; stria 1 with a row of pale dots on the declivity, each

formed of about four scales (often abraded); the prothorax

with a sharply-defined, narrow, lateral stripe extending from

the postocular lobe to the basal constriction on a line with

stria 10; the lower surface fairly densely clothed with small

pale scales and buff powdering.

Head with close shallow punctation, the forehead with a

transverse depression covered with dense scaling. Rostrum

elongate, cylindrical, scarcely widened at the apex, feebly

curved, coarsely punctate, and dorsally bicarinate as far as

the antennz, each of the punctures containing a scale, and

the apical area with small sparse punctures ; in the 9

long as but distinctly more slender than in the g, but the

punctation only very slightly finer. Antenne inserted a

little beyond the middle in both sexes, the scape as long as

the funicle, of which joint 1 is shorter than 243, 3 to 6 are

transverse, and 7 is about as long as the club. Prothorax

rather broader than long, rounded at the sides, widest

behind the middle, constricted at the base and more strongly

so in front ; the dorsal apical margin gently rounded, the

longitudinal outline feebly convex ; the dorsum evenly set

with low granules, the apical area shallowly punctate.

Scutellum not enclosed, small, transverse, smooth, and bare.

Elyitra subcylindrical, a little bro ader at the shoulders than

the base of the prothorax, obtusely acuminate behind, and

with a strong transverse basal impression ; the shallow ‘strize

with large quadrate punctures as far as the posterior band,

behind which the striz are deeper and the punctures much

smaller and shallower, the punctures without scales or

granules ; the intervals narrower than the striz, subcostate,

vith small indistinct granules, which are more numerous at

the base, and with microscopic sete. Legs (fig. 1, 7) rather

long and slender, with coarse shallow punctures, each of

which contains a scale; the femora with a sharp simple

Species of Alcides from the Oriental Region. 409

tooth ; the front tibize gently curved externally, strongly

bisinuate internally and with an obtuse-angled tooth behind

the middle, the median pair very feebly bisinuate within,

the hind pair short and simple. Sternum with the front

intercoxal space much narrower than the median one; the

metasternum sparsely granulate.

Length 8-94 mm., breadth 2°5-3°25 mm.

Sarawak: Mt. Matang, 1. 1914, Quop, i. 1914 (type),

Puak, v. 1914 (G. E. Bryant).

Described from six specimens.

Structurally this species belongs to the group represented

by A. chiliarchus, Boh., and A. ligatus, Pasc., but may

readily be recognised by its very distinctive pattern ; the

internal tooth on the front tibice is not so strongly developed

as in the two species mentioned.

Alcides vitalisi, sp. nu. (PI. VII. fig. 11.)

3 %. Body markedly flattened, as though adapted for

subcortical habits ; integument dark piceous, the head, pro-

thorax, and the humeral angles of the elytra black ; the pale

scales on the prothorax forming only a faint median line,

and fairly numerous on the pleuree; the elytra with a broad

transverse band of rather sparse, pale plumose scales behind

the middle, extending from the lateral margin to stria 3 or

2, its anterior edge with a long projection on interval 5 and

the hind margin angulate on interval 6; in addition, an

indefinite preapical band of scales, which is broadly inter-

rupted on the suture.

Head closely and coarsely punctate, the forehead flattened

but without any median fovea, ostrum unusually slender

(especially in the ?), straight, quite cylindrical, and almost

porrect ; in the ?, longer, with the antennz inserted far

behind the middle, coarsely punctate in the basal third only,

the distal portion being glabrous with extremely minute

' sparse punctures, the dorsal outline rising sharply (about

30°) near the junction with the head, the actual base being

somewhat above the level of the forehead; in the g shorter,

with the antenne at the middle, coarsely and confluently

punctate to beyond the middle and with three irregular

narrow carine, the apical portion with well-marked

separated punctures, and the basal dorsal elevation much

less marked. Antenne with the scape only as long as the

first 6 joints of the funicle ; joint 1 of the funicle as long as

the next 24 joints, joints 2-6 all transverse, 7 as long as the

club and longer than the three preceding joints. Prothorax

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 27

410 On new Alcides from the Oriental Region.

transverse, broadest at the base, rapidly narrowing in front,

the sides strongly rounded and deeply constricted before the

apex; the apical margin slightly produced dorsally, the

postocular lobes small and fringed with long vibrisse; the

dorsal outline flat from the base to the constriction, then

sloping slightly ; the dorsum closely set throughout with

low rounded tubercles. Scutellum entirely enclosed in front,

small, elongate, bare, Hlytra broad, suboblong, much

broader than the prothorax, widest at the shoulders, which

are acutely prominent, broadly rounded behind, the extreme

apices dehiscent, the basal lobes strongly produced, and a

shallow semicircular depression round the scutellum ; the

punctures very coarse and deep, especially in the area

between the shoulders and the transverse band; the in-

tervals narrower than the punctures, rugulose, shiny, and

with sparse, small, plumose scales and minute recumbent

set; the epipleural carina running from the middle of the

metasternum to the apex of the third apparent ventrite.

Legs (fig. 1, k) piceous, with numerous oblong fringed

scales; the femora with very coarse confluent punctures and

with a stout blunt tooth, which is largely hidden by long

curved scales ; the tibiz more shallowly punctate, the frout

pair with a sharp tooth on the inner edge about the middle

and another at the apex, the other pairs with only the apical

tooth ; joint 2 of the front tarsi twice as long as broad, with

the inner (or anterior) lobe longer and narrower than the

other. Sternum with all the coxze more widely separated

than usual; the metasternum rugose and depressed in the

middle in both sexes, and coarsely granulate at the sides.

Length 8°5-9°5 mm., breadth 4°25-5°5 mm.

Invo-Cu1na: Hoabinh, Tongking, vill. 1918 (R. Vitalis

de Salvaza, type). Assam.

Described from twenty-four specimens.

This striking species may be readily recognised by its

unusually flattened form, pointed shoulders, and very narrow

straight rostrum. The specimens from Assam constitute a

rather smaller local race, characterised by its much less

prominent shoulders, and may be designated Alctdes vitalisi

subhumerosus, subsp. 2,

When dealing a few years ago with the species of Alcides

allied to A. delta, Pase. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 11. 1918,

pp. 152-157), I unfortunately overlooked a paper by Faust

in which two species of this group were described (Stettin.

ent. Zeit. 1896, pp. 149, 150). Of these A. perturbatus, Fst.,

is obviously the same as A. yavanodelta, Mshl., and the latter

On the Names of certain Parrots. 411

name therefore falls as a synonym; the second species,

A. dejeani, Fst., does not appear to agree with any of the

species dealt with in my paper.

EXPLANATION OF- PLATE VIL

Fig. 1. Aleides crinalifer, sp. n.

Fig. 2. habenatus, sp. 0.

Fig. 3. loratus, sp. 0.

Fig. 4. —— pyrtfer, sp. n.

Fig. 5. —— jugalis, sp. nu.

Fug... 6. stevenst, Sp. 0.

Fig. 7. -—— subsellatus, sp. n.

Fig. 8. —— areicollis, sp. un.

Fig. 9. —— bryant, sp. n.

Fig. 10, —— trigonophorus, sp. n.

Fig. 11. —— vitalisi, sp. u.

L.—On the Names of certain Parrots of the Genus Larius,

Bodd.=Kclectus, Wagl. By Lord Roruscuixp, F.R.S.

THE genus Helectus has always excited much discussion,

chiefly due to the extraordinary sexual dimorphism. Mr.

Gregory M. Mathews has proved that the name Larius,

Bodd., has priority over Wagler’s Eclectus, but ignores the

“International Rule” which only allows names to be

corrected by the author himself, and then ONLY in the same

work in which he gave the name, and alters it to Lorius.

Count Salvadori, in the ‘Catalogue of Birds,’ enumerates

six “species,” as follows :—pectoralis, P. L. S. Miiller ;

roratus, P. L. 8. Miiller; cardinalis, Bodd.; riedeli, Meyer ;

cornelia, Bp. ; and westermanni, Bp.

Of these, riedeli and cornelia do not concern the present

question at all, as the @ ? are entirely crimson-scarlet on

upper and under side, and, although the @ of westermannt is

very close to the two Moluccan forms, the ¢ has green

flanks, and therefore this form also is outside our present

problem.

Count Salvadori has used Philip Statius Miller’s names for

the New Guineaand North Moluccan forms, and it is a great

pity that his names have been adopted by ornithologists, as the

whole work is a compilation, and in many cases the descrip-

tions are extremely doubtful and in others (as in the present

instance) the names are founded on figures of older authors

who give impossible or extremely doubtful localities. As,

however, P. L. S. Miiller’s names are accepted by the larger

number of ornithologists, I do not feel justified in over-

throwing the name roratus, which is the chief crux in this

412 On the Names of certain Parrots.

question. Having said this, however, I must point out that

it has been applied to the wrong bird. P. L. 8. Miiller gave

the name to the ‘ Purpur-roode Lori” of Vosmaer (Mon.

p. 10, t. vii., 1769), and Vosmaer states that his bird came

from Ceylon! P. L. 8. Miller, however, says “ Amboina.

Vosmaer.” Now Count Salvadori applies the name roratus

to the Nerth Moluccan form, which comes from Batchian,

Ternate, and Halmaheira, and adopts cardinals, Bodd., for

the South Molucean bird, from Amboina, Ceram, and Bouru.

Although P. L. 8. Miiller’s description of roratus fits both

Moluccan forms, it is clear that it cannot by any possible

means be made to fit the New Guinea form. Therefore, the

question before us is to which of the two Molucean forms

must the name be applied; it is quite clear that P. L. 8.

Miller has applied the name roratus to Vosmaer’s bird,

which was stated to have come from Ceylon, and arbitrarily

or from private conviction assigned the locality Amboina to

it. As, however, all the older authors have assigned fantastic

localities (Ceylon, China, Amazon River, &c.) to the birds of

this genus, if we use the name roratus at all it must be

applied to the bird from the locality stated by its author.

Count Salvadori, therefore, could under no circumstances apply

it to the North Moluccan bird ; the only two courses open to

him were either to reject the name altogether or to apply it

to the bird from Amboina as done by its author. Now, the

result of this is that the North Moluccan bird is without a

name, and I propose for it the name of vosmaert, nom. nov.

As the whole of the forms of this genus replace one another

in their respective localities, I look upon the genus Larius as

consisting of one species, with nine subspecies, as follows :—

Larius roratus roratus, P, L. 8. Mill. South Moluceas.

vosmaert, Rothsch. North Moluccas.

westermanni, Bp. ?.

pectoralis, P. L. S. Mill. New Guinea and ad-

joining islands.

—- aruensis, G. R. Gray. Aru Islands.

——- solomonensis, Rothsch. & Hart. Solomons and

New Britain Archipelago.

—— — macgillivray?, Math. N. Queensland.

riedeli, Mey. Timor Laut Islands.

cornelia, Bp. Sumba.

If it is considered that P. L. 8S. Miiller’s name of pectoralis

is inadmissible, as applying to Moluccan rather than Papuan

birds, the name of roraéus polychloros, Scop., must be used

for the Papuan subspecies.

On anew Trichostrongyle Genus. 413

LL—Note on a new Snow-Vole from Montenegro [{Microtus

(Chionomys) bogdanovi, sp.n.]. By V. and E. Martino.

Type-locality.—Cetinje, Montenegro. Alt. 680 m.

Geographical distribution—At present known only from

ty pe-locality.

Diagnosis.—Upper parts smoke-grey without brownish

tinge. Underparts whitish grey. Hind foot more than

23mm. Tail nearly as long as 3 head and body, bicolor

except the terminal part. Outer side of first loop of the

anterior lower molar irregular (with one or two small

concavities).

Measurements.—No. 279 (type of species), g: head and

body 99:0 mm.; tail 74:0; hind foot 25:0; ear 15:0.

No. 281, 9: head and body 100°0; tail 77°0 ; hind foot 25:0;

ear 15:5.

Cranial measurements of two specimens (male and female,

the first the type) :—

d (type of spec.). 3.

Cetinje. No. 279. Cetinje. No. 281,

i sens rAils Dexa ile

mm mm

Greatest length... ....0.... 28°6 28:8

Zygomatie breadth ........ 16°1 16-0

Interorbital constriction .. 4°8 4-7

INSEL Pa Bink he of andin ocho ee ee 83 83

Diastamayeyyact aaa tee 78 7'8

Maxillary tooth-row........ 70 72

Mandibular tooth-row...... (A. ool

Type in the British Museum.

Field Notes—On the stony sides of mountains, covered

here and there with brushwood of Caprinus, at the same

places as the Apodemus epimelas, Nhv.

Comparatively rare.

LIU.—A new Trichostrongyle Genus from an Armadillo,

Euphrectus villosus. By R. J. Orrierr, M.A.*.

In December 1921 an Edentate—Huphrectus (Dasypis)

villosus, Argentine—died in the Gardens of the Zoological

Society, Regent’s Park, London. From the intestine of this

animal I collected a number of nematode parasites, which,

* From the Helminthological Department, London School of Tropical

Medicine,

—

A414 Mr. BR. J. Ortlepp on a new

from their size, colour, and general contour of the body, I

take to be the same as that described by Parona and Stossich

in 1901 as Gsophagostomum tuberculatum, sp. n., from Dasy-

pus villosus, 8S. America. The description and figures of

these workers are, however, very incomplete, and it seems

desirable to attempt a redescription, This is all the more

necessary, because Parona and Stossich unfortunately referred

this parasite to a wrong genus.

The parasites were found irregularly distributed throughout

the small intestine, and were easily seen because of their

brilliant red colour. They were collected into normal saline,

examined alive, and then killed by the hot 70 °/, alcohol

method, Afterwards they were transferred to elycerinated

70 °/, aleohol. By allowing the alcohol to evaporate, the

parasite eventually came to lie in pure glycerine. This

procedure rendered the specimens sufficiently transparent for

examination ; but, in order to make out the details of the

spicules, the males were cleared in Langeron’s lacto-phenol.

Description.

Male.—The males have an average length of about 6:5 mm.

and breadth °33 mm. The body is red and forms a spiral

of three or four turns, of which only the last one or two coils

straighten out when the animals are killed in hot alcohol.

The transverse cuticular striations (fig. 1, a) are well

marked on the ventral surface, where they form a broad and

conspicuous band commencing about 100 w from the anterior

end and extending almost halfway down the length of the

worm ; on the rest of the cuticle these striations are only

faintly indicated, and in some places are difficult to see.

Longitudinal striations are present, but are very faint.

The cuticle around the anterior end forms a_ vesicular

swelling (fig. 1, a and d). This surrounds the head and is

about 75 » long by 55 w broad. It is terminated behind

by a deep constriction which completely encircles the body.

Externally it shows about twenty very faint transverse

striations. The rest of the cuticle is remarkable in that it is

enormously inflated, this inflation being more pronounced

on the dorsal surface, where it may reach a thickness of over

100 w at about the middle of the body.

Lateral alee are absent.

Cervical papillae were not observed, although carefully

looked for.

The anterior end of the worm bears four minute papille—

two subdorsal and two subventral. These in cleared speci-

mens stand out as clear and refringent dots.

Trichostrongyle Genus from an Armadillo. 415

The small oral aperture leads direct into the cesophagus,

there being no indication of a mouth-capsule. ‘he ceso-

phagus (fig. 1 a) is straight, elongate, and slightly thickened

posteriorly, measuring on an average about 450 w long and

50 w at its broadest part.

The nerve-ring is situated slightly in front of the middle

of the cesophagus.

The position of the excretory pore does not appear to be

constant, in that in some specimens it was situated at the

level of the hind end of the cesophagus, whereas in others it

= aartna ninth

= IN

Un visanignuiiee

ppravscaucell

Commins min

a, Anterior portion of Trichohelix tuberculatum (Parona and Stossich,

1901). 6. Head, much enlarged.

E.P.=excretory pore; N.#.=nerve-ring ; H.P.=head-papilla.

was pushed slightly forwards; the latter position, however,

is the more common (fig. 1, a). From the pore the excretory

duct passes almost vertically inwards, and on reaching the

cesophagus bends abruptly backwards.

The bursa (figs. 2 and 8) is short and broad, and is about

three times as broad as it is deep ; posteriorly it is slightly

notched in the mid-line, and a shallow depression on each

side gives it a slight trilobed shape.

Of all the bursal rays the dorsal is the stoutest. This ray

measures about 50 mw broad at its base and is about 200 uw

long. After the origin from it of the externo-dorsal rays

it is only about half this thickness. About midway between

the origin of the externo-dorsal rays and its tips it divides

into two branches, and each of these latter is again split at

its tip. Each inner terminal branchlet bears on its inner side

a much thinner and parallel twig.

416 Mr. R. J. Ortlepp on a new

The externo-dorsal ray is stout and slightly arched. Its

maximum thickness (28 w) is near its origin, after which it

gradually tapers to an obtuse point. It terminates some

200 hw

Dorsal view of bursa (lateral rays of right side not indicated).

D).=dorsal ray; £.D,=externo-dorsal ray ; P.L.=postero-lateral ray.

Fig. 3.

Left lateral view of bursa.

D.=dorsal ray; £.D.=externo-dorsal ray; #.L.=externo-lateral ray ;

L,.V.=latero-ventral ray ; 12.2. =medio-lateral ray ; P.L.=postero-

lateral ray ; V.V.=ventro-ventral ray.

distance from the edge of the bursa. ‘lhe postero-lateral and

medio-lateral rays are almost parallel and of the same length

and thickness ; the former, however, is straight and passes to

a ie al i i i I,

ST |) eee

Trichostrongyle Genus from an Armadillo. A17

the edge of the bursa, whereas the tip of the latter is sharply

recurved dorsalwards. The externo-lateral ray is the thickest

of the lateral rays, and is inclined slightly forwards and

ventralwards, as also does the Jatero-ventralray. ‘The ventro-

ventral ray is bent wholly in an arch directed forwards and

inwards,

There are no prebursal papille.

The spicules (fig. 4) are of a brown colour; they are large,

tubular, and equal in length. The base of each is bent

outwards almost at right angles to the stem. They measure

Fig. 4.

Oo/

250

Vig. 4.—Spicules, dorsal view.

Fig. 5.—Gubernaculum. A=dorsal view; B=side view.

270 w in length by 18 w in maximum breadth ; posteriorly

each has a dorsal branch which is bent slightly ventralwards.

Each branch bears on its inner surface, about in its middle,

a ventrally projecting spike-like process.

The gubernaeulum (fig. 5, A and B) iscenspicuous, measuring

about 140 w in length; posteriorly it is thickened into a knob

20 w long by 10 w broad; anteriorly it tapers to a rounded

point. On its dorsal surface it bears a keel; this is about

14 ~ deep and extends for about half its length from the

posterior end,

418 Mr. R. J. Ortlepp on a new

Female.—The average length of the female is about

8°75 mm., with a maximum breadth of about -5 mm. a little

above the level of the vulva. It also possesses the general

external characters of the male—i. e., it is spirally coiled,

red in colour, and the cuticle is very much inflated, with the

striations as in the male. The vesicular swelling is slightly

longer than in the male, measuring on the average 81 w by

69 ws; it also shows fine transverse striations.

Lateral alee and cervical papille are absent.

Posterior end of female, seen from the left side.

An,.=anus; Int.=intestine ; Ovj.=ovijector; Ut.=uteri; Vu.=vulva

The mouth, which is also surrounded by four very small

papille, leads into the cesophagus ; this organ is straight and

cylindrical in shape, slightly thicker behind. It is longer

than that of the male, being on an average ‘52 mm. long.

‘The nerve-ring, which encircles it, is situated about 220 w

from the anterior end.

The opening of the excretory pore is slightly in front of

the junction of the cesophagus and intestine.

The vulva is situated towards the posterior end of the body

(fig. 6); it is a slit-like aperture "45 mm. in front of the

Trichostrongyle Genus from an Armadillo. 419

anus. The vagina is short and straight, measuring only

about 45 w in length. It leads direct into the well-develoded

ovijectors. The ovijectors are straight and divergent, and

the combined length of their muscular portions, including the

sphincters, is about ‘45 mm.

The left uterus joins the anterior ovijector; the right

uterus passes down the body more or less parallel to that of

the right side, and extends further backwards than the posterior

ovijector; having reached its posterior limit, it recurves

sharply forwards and joins the posterior ovijector.

The coils of the ovaries extend into the anterior part of the

body, the termination of the right ovary being situated

slightly more than 1 mm. from the anterior end.

The eggs are large, oval, and thiu-shelled, measuring

108 » by 54 w; prior to being laid they already are in the

morula-stage, and in females which were kept in normal

saline overnight the eggs were observed to have embryonated

in utero.

From the anus the body tapers abruptly to form a short

tail, about 75 pw long.

Parona and Stossich, in their description of Gsophago-

stomum tuberculatum, write ‘ Peculiari e curiosi sono 1 tuber-

coli della pelle, che le danno il carattere veramente specifico.”

In all the specimens from Euphrectus (Dasypus) villosus

examined J was unable to find any indications of these

tubercles either in living or preserved worms. I can thus

only presume that the tubercles seen by them were artificial

and due to poor fixation. Further, they state that the

mouth is ‘ circondata da un esilissimo cercine.”” This I was

unable to see. he vesicular swelling of the head passes

very slightly anterior to the mouth-aperture, and it would

appear that the ring or cap surrounding the mouth observed

by them must be this slight projecting portion of the vesicular

swelling, which, at its junction with the mouth-aperture, may

have the appearance of a chitinous ring.

They also mention the presence of three minute papille on

the tip of the tail of the female, and, although I have

repeatedly sought for these, I am unable to find any signs of

them.

The entire absence of a mouth-capsule with its leaf-crown,

and the nature of the spicules and bursa, are sufficient to

show that this parasite does not belong to the genus Gsopha-

gostomum, Molin, 1861. The mouth- and head-characters,

420 On a new Trichostrongyle Genus.

together with the presence of two ovaries &c. in the female,

place it in. the subfamily Trichostrongyline, Leiper, 1908.

This parasite differs widely from all known ‘Trichostrongyle

genera, its closest relation possibly being Cooperia, Ransom,

1907. It, however, differs from Cooperia in several respects,

more especially in the shape of the dorsal ray and the relative

thicknesses of the lateral rays of the bursa. The position of

the vulva in this parasite is also quite different, in being

placed much further back than in Cooperia.

I propose to designate this parasite as type-species of a

new genus

TRICHOHELIX, gen. nov.,

of which the following may be taken as the chief characters :—

Trichostrongylinee. Body red and spirally coiled. Head

round and thick, about 35 w in diameter. Cuticle round

head inflated to form a vesicular swelling, limited behind

by a deep constriction encircling the neck. Rest of the

cuticle strikingly inflated and showing marked transverse

striations only on the anterior half of the ventral surface.

Longitudinal striations faint. Lateral ale absent. Cervical

papille absent. Male bursa indistinctly trilobate. Dorsal

ray stout, bifurcate, and its tips are tripartite. Tip of medio-

Jateral ray sharply recurved. Ventro-ventral ray strongly

arched forwards and inwards. Spicules straight, tubular,

equal, and of medium size; they are branched posteriorly.

Gubernaculum present. Prebursal papillee absent. Vulva

situated slightly in front of the anus. Ovijectors well deve-

loped and divergent. Uteri parallel. Hggs large, oval, and

thin-shelled, measuring over 100 w in length.

Type-species, 7richohelix tuberculata, Par. & Stoss., 1901.

REFERENCES.

Hau, M.C. 1916. “Nematode Parasites of the Orders Rodentia,

Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea.” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 1.

no, 2181. Washington.

Lerrrr, R. T. 1908. ‘An Account of some Helminthes collected in

Sudan.” Third Report of the Wellcome Research Laboratories,

pp. 189-191. Ihartoum.

Linstow, 0. von. 1878. Compendium der Helminthologie, Hannover.

1889. Compendium der Helminthologie, Nachtrag. Hannover.

Moun, R. 1861. 1 sottordine degli Acrofalli. Venice.

Parona, C., and Srosstcu, M. 1901. “ Qsophagostomum tubercu-

latum, n. sp., parasita dei Dasypus.” Boll. d. Mus. d. Zool. e

Anat. Comp. d. R. Univ. d. Genova, no. 110.

Ransom, B.H. 1911. “The Nematodes parasitic in the Alimentary

Tract of Cattle, Sheep, and other Ruminants.” U.S. Dep. of Agric.,

sureau of Anim. Ind. Bull. 127, Washington.

On a new Cestode ke. from Spitsbergen. 421

Srives, C. H., and Hassan, A. 1920. ‘ Index-Catalogue &c., Round-

. worms.” U.S. Pub. Health Service, Hyg. Lab. Bull. no. 114.

Washington.

Travassos, L. 1921. ‘Contributions 4 l’étude de la Faune Helmin-

thologique du Brésil— XIII. Essai Monographique sur la famille

des Trichostrongylidze, Leiper, 1909.” ~ Mem. d. Inst. Osw. Cruz,

vol. xiii. pt. 1. Rio de Janeiro.

LIII.—A new Cestode and other Parasitic Worms from

Spitsbergen, with a Note on Two Leeches. Results of the

Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen.—No. 6.

By H. A. Bayuis, M.A., D.Se.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue parasitic worms collected by members of the Oxford

University Expedition to Spitsbergen include a new and

interesting Cestode from a seal, two species of Acantho-

cephala, and one of Nematoda. The writer is indebted to

Mr. C.S. Elton for kindly handing this material to him for

determination.

The following are the species contained in the collection :—

CESTODA.

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA.

I'am. Tetrabothriide.

Anophryecephalus anophrys, gen. et sp, n.

Host : a young female seal (Phoca hispida?). Locality :

Klaas Billen Bay.

This interesting form agrees closely with typical species of

the genus Tetrabothrius in its general anatomy, but differs

strikingly from that genus in the structure of its scolex.

In Tetrabothrius the scolex is always provided with “ auricular

appendages,’ more or less highly-developed, but in the

present species such structures are entirely absent, the

scolex having the general appearance of that of the Anoplo-

cephalide or of certain unarmed genera of other families.

The material consists largely of fragments, but the length

of a complete specimen appears to be about 65 mm. ‘The

maximum width of the strobila is about 0°85 mm, The

dorso-ventral thickness is relatively great, so that some

specimens are almost cylindrical in shape. The scolex

(fig. 1) is somewhat compressed dorso-ventrally, and has a

422 Dr. H. A. Baylis on a new

transverse diameter of 0°46-0°55 mm. Two of the suckers

are situated on the dorsal and two on the ventral surface.

They are of an oval shape, having a diameter of about

0°3 mm. antero-posteriorly and ot 0-2 mm. transversely.

The apertures of the suckers are in the form of longitudinal

slits. The scolex is followed by a narrower unsegmented

“neck,” which may attain a length of 6 or 7mm. ‘There

may or may not be a constriction immediately behind the

scolex. In acomplete strobila some 490 segments can be

counted. All the segments are broader than long. The

Anophryocephalus anophrys. The scolex

(from a stained specimen in balsam).

genital organs appear early, and the number of sexually

mature segments is relatively large. The uterus does not

become a conspicuous organ until about the 850th segment

is reached. The disappearance of the male and female

glands, after the appearance of the uterus, is very gradual,

and some traces of them remain even in the oldest gravid

segments observed.

The subcuticular layer of the body-wall contains large

numbers of elongated gland-cells, staining deeply with

hematoxylin. The cortical parenchyme is thick, measuring

Cestode &e. from Spitsbergen. 423

in depth nearly a quarter of the total dorso-ventral diameter

of the worm. ‘The longitudinal musculature 1s well-

developed, consisting of an inner layer (fig. 2, i./.m.) of

larger, and an outer layer (fig. 2, 0./.m.) of smaller, bundles

of fibres. Of the former there are about twenty bundles

dorsally and a similar number ventrally. They he imme-

diately outside the very scanty layer of transverse fibres

(fig. 2, ¢.m.), which forms the boundary between the cor-

tical and medullary parenchyme. At the level of this

transverse layer, on the ventral side, lie the two large

ventral longitudinal excretory canals (figs. 2, 3, e.). Dorsal

Anophryocephalus anophrys. Transverse section through

a mature segment.

c.8., Clrrus-sac 3 @., €., excretory vessels; g.a., genital atrium; 7.Zm.,

inner layer of longitudinal muscles ; x., 2., longitudinal nerves ;

o.l.m., outer layer of longitudinal muscles; ov., ovary; t¢., 2.,

testes; ¢.m., transverse muscles; wt., uterus; vay., vagina;

vit., yolk-gland,

longitudinal canals and transverse connecting vessels between

the ventral canals appear to be entirely absent.

The genital pores are all on the right side. The genital

ducts pass dorsally to the exeretory canal and ventrally to

the longitudinal nerve of that side. The external pore leads

by a narrow canal into a rather small genital atrium

(fig. 2, g.a.), corresponding to that of Tetrabothrius, into

which the cirrus-sae and vagina open separately, the latter

ventrally to the former. Immediately below the opening of

the vagina the wall of the atrium forms a small, rounded,

424 Dr. H. A. Baylis on a new

muscular chamber. The cirrus-sac (fig. 2, c.s.) is more

elongate than in Tetrabothrius, and measures about

0°125 mm. in length and 0:05 mm. in thickness. There

is a much-coiled vas deferens. The vagina, near its open-

ing into the genital atrium, is very narrow, but after a short

distance widens suddenly into a large thin-walled tube.

‘This runs towards the middle line of the segment, and then

curves dorsally, narrowing again here and becoming in-

vested with a conspicuous outer coat of glandular cells.

The large testes (figs. 2, 3, ¢.) are about thirty in number,

and are mostly situated on the dorsal side of the segment.

Some, however, le at the level of the uterus, especially

Fig. 8.

Anophryocephalus anophrys. Horizontal section through a

mature segment, towards the ventral side.

e., e., excretory vessels; m., one of the longitudinal muscle-bundles ;

N., nerve; ov., ovary; s.,shell-gland; ¢., testis; vit., yolk-gland.

anteriorly and posteriorly to it, and a few are even found

still more ventrally. The ovary (figs. 2, 3, ov.) is a large

bilobed organ, occupying the whole width of the medullary

parenchyme when fully-developed. It has a narrow “ waist”

in the middle region, and two large, backwardly-directed,

lateral lobes. In the space between these lobes is situated

the shell-gland (fig. 3, s.). In front of the middle portion

of the ovary is the compact yolk-gland (figs. 2, 3, vit.),

its duct passing ventrally to the ‘‘ waist” of the ovary

straight back towards the shell-gland. The uterus

(fig. 2, wt.) appears as a crescentic transverse tube, as in

Cestode ec. from Spitsbergen. 425

Tetrabothrius, lying dorsally to the ovary and with the

horns of the crescent directed posteriorly. Its wall is

composed of cells which stain very deeply with hematoxylin.

It gradually expands in the older segments, but never

entirely loses its original crescentic shape.

Onchospheres have not been observed. It may be that

the gravid segments are lost before the full development of

the ova in the uterus has taken place.

In view of the arrangement of the genital organs, it

seems necessary to regard this form as very closely related

to Tetrabothrius. In addition to the difference in the struc-

ture of the scolex, the condition of the excretory system

(absence of dorsal vessels and transverse ventral vessels)

and the shape of the cirrus-sac (as distinct from the squat,

spherical or triangular shape usual in Tetrabothrius) are

possibly characters of generic importance.

The family Tetrabothriide is at present usually restricted

to the genus Tetrabothrius. (The form described by the

writer (1914) under the name of Octopetalum probably does

not belong to this family.) The presence of auricular

appendages, therefore, has hitherto been regarded as a

family character, and the inclusion of Anophryocephalus in

the family necessitates alteration of the family diagnosis in

this particular. The family diagnosis given by Liihe (1910)

also includes the condition of the excretory canals usual

in Tetrabothrius, but this is omitted by other authors

(Fuhrmann (1908), Ransom (1909)).

It is interesting to observe that some species attributed

to Tetrabothrius are recorded in Cetacea, although the

majority of the species are found in birds. In seals, up to

the present, all the cestodes recorded appear to belong

to the Pseudophyllidea (genera Diphyllobothrium, Pyramico-

cephalus, Diployonoporus, &c.).

NEMATODA.

Fam. Ascaride.

Contracecum osculatum (Rud., 1802).

A small immature individual, probably belonging to this

species, was taken from the stomach of the same seal.

ACANTHOCEPHALA.

Corynosoma strumosum (Rud., 1802).

Several specimens were found attached to the wall of the

large intestine of the seal already mentioned,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 28

426 On a new Cestode Sc. from Spitsbergen.

Echinorhynchus longicollis, Villot, 1875.

The body of a turnstone (Arenaria interpres), preserved

in spirit, was submitted to the writer to be examined for

internal parasites. In the upper part of the intestine there

were a number of cestodes of one or two species, too poorly

preserved to be identified. In the lower portion, for some

three inches above the origin of the ceeca, were found several

specimens of the above-mentioned Echinorhynchus. At thie

point of attachment of each worm there was a conspicuous

nodular swelling on the external surface of the wall of the

intestine. Two of the worms were attached at the same

level, so that the two nodules, viewed from the exterior, at

first looked like a paired structure proper to the bird’s

intestine. Each nodule was filled with dense material, in

which the proboscis of the worm was firmly embedded.

Echinorhynchus longicollis does not seem to have been

fully described, and its proper systematic position remains

uncertain. lLihe (1911) suggests that it perhaps belongs

to the genus Arhythmorhynchus or to some closely-related

genus. In <Arhythmorhynchus the proboscis is highly

characteristic, having a swelling in the middle of its length

and remarkable local variations in the form and size of the

hooks. There is also a characteristic swelling of the

anterior portion of the body. These peculiarities are absent

in the present material. The proboscis appears to be nearly

cylindrical and the hooks of almost uniform size, so that it

appears impossible to assign the species to Arhythmorhynchus.

The condition of the material, however, scarcely warrants an

attempt to give a new description.

HIRUDINEA.

Two leeches were obtained by dredging in Klaas Billen

Bay, and these appear to belong to the following species :—

(1) Abranchus scorpii (Malm), taken at about 15 fathoms;

(2) probably Pontobdella muricata(L.). The latter is a very

small individual, and does not show the characteristic warty

papillz of the skin. These, however, are not always visible

in P. muricata*, The specimen had stained the spirit in

which it was received a bright green, and the presence

of a green pigment soluble in alcohol is highly suggestive of

P. muricata.

* See Harding, ‘ Parasitology,’ iii. (1910), p, 144.

On new Ants from Australia. 427

REFERENCES.

Bayuis, H. A. 1914. “On Octopetalum, a new Genus of Avian Ces-

todes.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xiv. p. 414.

FuuarMann, O. 1908. “Die Cestoden der Vogel.” Zool. Jabhrb.,

Suppl. x., Heft 1.

Ltue, M. 1910. “ Parasitische Plattwiirmer.—II. Cestodes,” in

Brauer, ‘ Die Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands,’ Jena, Heft 18.

—. 1911. “Acanthocephalen.” Jérd., Heft 16.

Ransom, B. H. 1909. “The Teenioid Cestodes of North American

Birds.” U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 69.

LIV.—New Ants from Australia.

By W. C. Craw ey, B.A., F.K.S., F.R.M.S.

THis paper deals, with one or two exceptions, with ants

collected by Mr. J. Clark in Western Australia, principally

in the Perth district. In addition to new species, races, and

varieties, we have been able, thanks to Mr. Clark’s very

thorough collecting, to add descriptions of many males and

females of species the workers of which were hitherto only

known,

Opportunity has been taken to re-describe some of F.

Smith’s much discussed types, as a good deal of misappre-

hension has existed among foreign myrmecologists who have

been unable to see the types themselves.

I am indebted to my friend, Professor Carlo Emery, for

his unfailing kindness in giving me the benefit of his know-

ledge in doubtful cases.

List of Species.

Subfam. PoNnERINZ.

Myrmecia vindex, Sin.

LUTEA, sp. 0.

harder, For., race SWALEI, st. n.

— nigriscapa, Roger.

— chasei, For., var. LUDLOWI, nov.

—— CLARKI, sp. n.

— (Pristomyrmecia) mandibularis, 5m.

) michaelsent, For., var. PERTHENSIS, Nov.

Amblyopone michaelsent, For.

australe, Erichs.

Phyracaces CLARKI, sp. Nl.

Rhytidoponera punctata, Sm.

convera, Mayr, race violacea, For., var, SUBUMBRATA, Dov.

—— (Chalcoponera) metallica, Sm.

—— (—--) —, var. INORNATA, nov.

, Var. VARIANS, Nov.

) aspera, Roger. ¢ Q hitherto undescribed.

28%

428 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

Euponera (Brachyponera) lutea, Mayr. 3 9 9.

Leptogenys (Lobopelta) neutralis, For. @ hitherto undescribed.

Diacamma australe, F.

Odontomachus coriarius, Mayr, var. OBSCURA, Dov.

Subfam. Myrmuicinz.

Podomyrma NUDA, sp, 0.

Meranoplus hirsutus, Mayr, race RUGOSA, st. n.

FERRUGINEUS, 8p. n.

HILLI, sp. 0.

Monomorium OCCIDANEUS, sp. n.

Cardiocondyla nuda, Mayr. § @.

Solenopsis CLARKI, Sp. 0.

Aphenogaster POULTONI, sp. n.

Crematogaster PERTHENSIS, sp. 0.

rufotestacea, Mayr. ¢ 9 hitherto undescribed.

leviceps, Mayr, var. chaser, For.

Pheidole megacephala, F.

dolichocephala, And.

ampla, For., race PERTHENSIS, st. n.

impressiceps, Mayr.

——- ( Anisopherdole) froggatti, For.

Subfam. DoLicHoDERINA”.

Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) upsilon, For.

, var, NIGRA, noy.

Iridomyrmex conifer, For. 3 hitherto undescribed.

detectus, Sm.

— discors, For.

—— rufoniger, Lowne.

, race suchier?, For.

—— ittinerans, Lowne, race nitidiceps, And.

— gracilis, Lowne.

—— innocens, For.

glaber, Mayr. :

—— exsanguis, For. ¢ hitherto undescribed.

Bothriomyrmex FLAVUS, sp.n. fb Q G.

— SCISSOR, sp. n.

Subfam, CAMPONOTIN.

Melophorus fieldt, For.

Prenolepis obscura, Mayr. Typical form.

Acantholepis (Stigmacros) OCCIDENTALIS, sp. n.

Camponotus (Myrmocamelus) ephippium, Sm., race narses, For.

( ) cinereus, Mayr, race nottere, For.

— (Myrmosaga) chalceus, Crawley. ¢ 9 8.

— (Dinomyrmexr) dorycus, Sm., race covalis, Sm,

—— (Myrmophyma) testaceipes, Sm.

— ( ) elaripes, Mayr, race elegans, For.

—— (——) -, race MINIMA, st. n.

——( ) lownet, For. ¢ Y hitherto undescribed.

—— (Myrmogonia) TUMIDUS, sp. n.

—— (Myrmosphincta) molossus, For.

— (Myrmoturba) nigriceps, Sm., race obniger, For., var. prostans, For.

) ,tace dimudiata, Roger, var. perthiana, For. 3 9 hitherto

undescribed.

vlyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) ammoneides, For.

—— ( ) ammon, F.

—— (Campomyrma) sidnica, Mayr, var. PERTHENSIS, noy.

new Ants from Australia. 429

Myrmecia LutTpa, sp. n.

%. Length 15-20 mm. (without mandibles) ; length of

mandibles in largest specimens 3:9 mm.

Antenne, thorax, legs, and petiole obscure yellow-ochre in

colour ; mandibles, except teeth which are tipped with black,

a brighter yellow. Head dark chocolate-brown, sometimes

nearly black ; gaster black or, at least, very dark brown.

Very slender, similar in form to gracilis, Em. Head

small, narrowing considerably behind eyes, smaller aud with

more rounded angles than in nigriceps, Mayr (which it

resembles somewhat in colour). The head is narrower

behind than in either vindex or nigriceps, even in the largest

% 8, where in all three forms the head is more massive

proportionately.

The first node in largest % % is longer than the stalk, in

the smaller about equal. Underneath in front is a small

tooth *.

Head longitudinally rugose, but beyond the level of eyes

the ruge have numerous cross-lines, and the sculpture

becomes almost reticulate-punctate. The sculpture of the

head is much more superficial than in nigriceps. Sculpture

of pronotum also much more superficial than in nigriceps ;

that of the mesonotum variable, in most specimens it is

transversely striated, but in one or two from the same

colony the striation is longitudinal, and in others the

segment is almost smooth.

Ludlow, W. Australia (Clark, nos. 2 and 5).

Type W.C.C. coll.

Intermediate between gracilis and nigriceps.

The ants of the genus M/yrmecia, sometimes called “ Bull-

dog ”’ ants, are also known as “Jumpers.” Mr. Clark has

found that some species can leap a distance of three or four

inches.

Myrmecia harderi, For., race SWALEI, st. n.

%. Length (without mandibles) 9°0 mm.; length of

mandibles 1°3 mm.

Deep black; mandibles yellow, tinged with brown along

their apical half. Thorax and petiole light red, legs dark

brown, tarsi lighter. Antennz missing, except the nine

terminal joints of the left funiculus, which are dark brown.

Postpetiole and gaster with a faint blue metallic sheen.

Body and legs with a fine pale pilosity, most abundant on

* In vindex and ngriceps the first node is conspicuously longer than

the stalk in all sizes of the $. In lutea this node in profile arises rather

more abruptly, and is less evenly rounded above than in vindex,

430 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

petiole and gaster, postpetiole and gaster in addition have a

moderately close grey pubescence.

Mandibles slender, their outer border barely concave,

inner border with two large teeth besides the apical tooth ;

between the latter and the first large tooth are two small

ones ; between first and second large teeth are three small

ones, and behind the second large tooth are 4-5 irregular

teeth. Head broader than long, broadest in front, occipital

border nearly straight. Clypeus widely excavated. Funi-

cular joints, as far as can be ascertained, diminish in length

up to the 9th joint, then increase in length slightly. By es

large, almost touching base of mandibles. Ocelli dene

flat. Thorax short and broad, hardly narrowing at all behind

the pronotum; in profile regularly curved, highest at com-

mencement of epinotum; pronotum somewhat depressed ;

a slight incision between meso- and epinotum. The latter

forms a wide rounded angle between its two faces, the base

being longer than the declivity. Legs short. Petiole from

above as broad as long, wider behind, where the angles are

more rounded than in front; in profile cubic, with parallel

sides, the stalk very short and thick. Postpetiole about

twice as wide as the petiole, campaniform, wider than long,

widest just beyond the middle ; a projection extends on its

under surface beneath the petiole.

Mandibles smooth and shining, with 4-5 punctures

along the line of teeth. Head longitudinally coarsely

rugose, the rugze: becoming broken as they approach the

occiput. Thorax more coarsely rugose; on the pronotum

the rugee are deep, regular, and longitudinal, spreading

slightly from the front outwards ; on the mesonotum they

are longitudinal, but not quite so regular; on the first half

of base of epinotum they are longitudinal, and on the

remainder and on the declivity they are transverse. The

petiole is longitudinally rugose above and_ transversely

behind. Postpetiole and easter have a fine reticulate

ground-sculpture ; between the rugee on the head there is

also a ground-sculpture.

A single 8 from Albany, received from the late Dr. H.

Swale.

Type W:C. C. coll.

Slightly smaller than harderi, For., and considerably

smaller than pilosuta, Sm., and its race mediorubra, For.

From the two latter it differs by the much coarser sculpture

and the narrower and straighter mandibles. It differs from

harderi in having the postpetiole (or second node) only finely

reticulate instead of coarsely rugose. The thorax is also

stouter, and the head, postpetiole, and gaster of a deeper

new Ants from Australia. 431

black colour. The terminal joints of the funiculus are

distinctly shorter than in pilosula.

Myrmecia chaset, For., var. LUDLOWI, nov.

%. Agrees with Forel’s description of chasei with the

following differences :—Some specimens slightly smaller.

Mandibles 3°5 mm. long, somewhat longer than the head

(as long as head intype). Shoulders of pronotum apparently

not so pronounced. Clypeus widely but not deeply emar-

ginate. First node once and a half as broad as long (almost

twice as broad as long in type), second node twice as broad

as long (two and a half times as broad as long in type). Head

densely reticulate between the rug, but on the thorax and

first node the space between the rugze is more or less smooth

andshining. The neck of the pronotum is transversely striate,

the rest longitudinally, the striz slightly diverging in the

direction of the base of the segment ; the second node is

irregularly longitudinally rugose. There is a prominent

central ridge on the first node.

Colour similar, but there is a black patch on the lower

half of the mesosternum, and a small one on the meta-

sternum.

The mandibles in their complete form have the typical

long curved apical tooth of Myrmecia, sensu stricto, but in

all the series, except two specimens, this tooth is completely

worn away, leaving the mandibles with an oblique point.

Ludlow, W.A. (Clark, no. 12).

Type W.C.C. coll.

This ant builds a cone-shaped earth-mound about one

foot in height, with an entrance on the top about two inches

in diameter, but there are also other entrances in the

ground beyond the mound. It is an active and fierce

insect.

Myrmecia michaelseni, For., var, PERTHENSIS, Novy.

%. Length 10 mm. (without mandibles); mandibles

25mm. Differs from the type as below :—

michaelsent.

Black; point of mandibles and

funiculus, and tarsi brown.

Scape does not reach occiput.

First joint of funiculus equals

second.

Seeond node almost twice and a

half as broad as the first.

var, perthensis.

Dark brown; mandibles, antenne

and legs red-brown; thorax and

first node sometimes red-brown ;

second node red-brown.

Scape exactly reaches the occi-

pital border at its centre. First

joint slightly shorter than the

second.

Second node not quite twice as

broad as first.

432 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

Sculpture similar to that of the type; the ruge on the

head are fairly rugular and coarse, on the pro- and meso-

notum they are regular but finer; the epinotum is exactly

as in michaelseni; the first node is more coarsely rugose

than the head. The rest as in michaelseni, including the

deep golden pelisse on gaster.

Perth (Clark, no. 65).

Type W .'C.<Cicolk:

I have not seen a specimen of michaelseni, but have made

the comparison with Forel’s very complete description.

Myrmecia CLARKI, sp. n.

%. Length (without mandibles) 9°8-10 mm.; length of

mandible 2°4 mm.

Black; mandibles and tarsi dark yellow, antennz nearly

black.

A few hairs on mandibles, clypeus, and apex of gaster,

the latter with a very thin grey pubescence.

Mandibles considerably longer than head, narrow, the

outer edge feebly concave, the point long and curved,

followed by three large teeth with two smaller between each

pair, the remaining half of the mandible bears a ridge of

6-8 small teeth directed backwards. Eyes large, occupying

more than half the sides, and almost touching the base of

mandibles. Scape passes the occiput by about its width.

Joint 2 of funiculus once and a half as long as first, the

third as long as first, the remainder diminishing in length

to the apical, which is slightly longer than the preceding.

The whole antenna thinner than in pilosula. Head broader

than long, slightly narrowed behind, the occipital border

feebly concave. Clypeus incised in centre of anterior

border, but not depressed up the centre as in pilosula.

Thorax similar to that of pilosula, but the mesonotum

shorter and broader proportionately, Epinotum in profile

rather more convex than in pilosula. First node from above

as broad as long, broader than in pilosula ; in profile it is

higher behind. Second node once and a half as broad as

the first.

Mandibles with scattered small punctures, and a few

elongated ones near the apex. Whole of head regularly

and finely striate longitudinally. Pronotum with coarser

regular ridges, encircling the neck and sides, longitudinal

on top. Mesonotum and base of epinotum similarly longi-

tudinally striate, declivity transversely striate. First node

coarsely longitudinally rugose; second and gaster micro-

scopically reticulate. There is a similar reticulate ground-

sculpture on the whole body.

new Ants from Australia. 433

Mundaring Weir, W.A. (Clark, no. 112).

Type W. C. C. coll.

Pilosula group, and differs from pilosula principally in

colour of mandibles and antennz, and thinner and longer

mandibles, narrower occiput, and in the shape of the thorax

and nodes. The 2 pupa measures 11:0 mm.

Phyracaces CLARKI, Sp. 0.

Length 6°5 mm.

Uniform dark castaneous, with some indistinct dark

smudges on second segment of gaster.

External border of mandibles concave. Head slightly

broader than long, broadest at eyes, narrowest in front,

occipital border concave with somewhat sharp lateral angles.

Frontal carine similar to those of singularis as described by

Forel, the narrow posterior prolongation reaching to beyond

the middle of the eyes, which are prominent and situated

slightly behind the middle of sides of head. Carine of

cheeks prominent, the posterior portion concave, the

anterior portion convex, terminating at the side in a tooth-

like angle. The carina is bordered by a ridge which, seen

from the side, forms a rectangular enclosure not quite

touching the base of the mandibles and then almost com-

pletely encircling the eye. A ridge also commences below

the base of the mandible, and forms the lateral and posterior

border of the head. The scapes do not quite reach the

posterior third of head, the terminal joint of funiculus

equals the preceding two. All joints, except the second

and the last two, are as broad as, or broader than, long.

Thorax narrower than head, not quite twice as long as broad

at pronotum, where it isa fraction broader than at epinotum.

Pronotum broader than long, broadest just behind the

shoulders which are sharply angled; the anterior border

straight, the posterior concave, limited by a suture which in

some specimens is quite distinct, in others only indicated ;

mesonotum broader than long, bounded behind by traces of

a suture which is practically straight. Base of epinotum

similarly shaped to pronotum but inverted, and is broadest

at the extreme border instead of just in front. Declivity of

epinotum broad, concave from top to bottom and slightly

convex from side to side, as long as, or a fraction longer

than, the base, a sharp carina dividing the two. Lateral

and anterior borders of pronotum, and lateral borders of

epinotum, with a sharp carina. Petiole once and a half as

broad as long, broader behind than in front (in singularis the

node is broader in front), widely concave in front, its sharply

marginate sides produced into broad flat teeth behind ;

434 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

underneath with a small sharp tooth. Postpetiole broader

than the petiole, and broader than long, broadest at its

sharply marginate anterior two-thirds of the sides, narrow-

_ing abruptly behind the marginate portion ; on the side is a

long concavity similar to that in singularis. A deep con-

striction between the postpetiole and first segment of gaster,

which are approximately equal in breadth. Pygidium

truncate.

Mandibles closely and coarsely punctured. Head with a

few shallow irregular punctures on the vertex and occiput ;

petiole and postpetiole densely and finely punctured. First

segment of gaster with a few piligerous points. In addition

the whole body has a fine reticulate ground-sculpture.

Scattered erect hairs on head, mandibles, legs, and an-

tenn ; thorax almost bare except for a row along the .

carina between the two divisions of the epinotum; petiole,

postpetiole, and gaster covered with long stiff hairs, slightly

lighter in colour than the body; a thin adherent pubescence

on petiole and postpetiole.

Darlington, W. Australia (Clark, no. 9). Small colony

under stone.

Type W. C. C. coll.

Leptogenys (Lobopelta) neutralis, For. % ¢.

? (hitherto undescribed). Length 7:0 mm.

Larger and more robust than the %. Head as broad as

long (longer than broad in %). Thorax similar to that of

the %, but mesonotum longer; metanotum distinct; epi-

notum shorter, forming a regular curve, the base shorter

than the declivity (the reverse is the case in the %). Petiole

different ; from above the node is shorter than broad, twice

as wide behind as in front, the posterior border straight or

feebly concave (in the % the node is longer than broad) ; in

profile it is straight in front and behind, somewhat higher

behind ; the posterior face plane. Mandibles similar, with

a long apical tooth and three exceedingly small teeth along

the masticatory border. Gaster very large, nearly half the

leugth of the total body.

Black, shining ; mandibles, articulations of antenna, end

of scape and the whole funiculus, the tarsi, the articulations

of the legs, and the apex of gaster castaneous.

Mundaring Weir, W. Australia (Clark, nos. 13, 41).

Type in W. C. C. coll.

Rhytidoponera convexa, Mayr, race violacea, For.,

var. SUBUMBRATA, NOv.

%. Entirely dark russet-brown, the gaster sometimes

new Ants from Australia. 435

faintly metallic, but otherwise entirely without the metallic

green, blue, or red of violacea. Gaster less shining than in

violacea,

The posterior angles of head are somewhat less rounded,

and the sculpture of the pronotum rather coarser, and the

first segment of gaster distinctly more finely striated than in

the type.

Townsville and Magnetic Island (Hill, nos. 152, 71, 77).

Type. W. C.-C, eoll.

Mayr says of convera: “‘Mandibule ...... margine

masticatorio acuto, hand dentato, partim indistincte crenu-

lato.” Both violacea and var. subumbrata have two or three

very distinct but small teeth, the spaces between them and

the rest of the border bearing distinct though minute

teeth.

Rhytidoponera ( Chalcoponera) aspera, Roger.

Q (hitherto undescribed). Length 9 mm.

Colour like the %, but the red is rather more pre-

dominant over the metallic green than in the 3.

Head somewhat broader and eyes are larger than in 3.

Scape not so long proportionately. The sculpture on

scutellum and scutum tends to become longitudinally

rugose, Otherwise like the 3.

Wings pale brown and iridescent.

& (hitherto undescribed), Length 7°5 mm.

Head and thorax black without metallic sheen, petiole

and gaster red-brown, legs and antenne and apex of man-

dibles castaneous.

Mandibles triangular, with a large terminal and numerous

small teeth. Antenne long, reaching beyond base of

gaster. The scapes do not quite reach the back of eyes ;

the scape is three to four times as long as the first joint of

fiuniculus, which is broader than long; second joint the

longest, slightly longer than the apical, the joints gradually

diminishing to the apical, and all of them very long and

cylindrical. Eyes large, placed obliquely in centre of sides.

Clypeus raised in centre and depressed along the anterior

border, which is convex.

Head longer than broad, narrow in front. Occipital

border slightly concave.

Thorax narrower than head, depressed in centre, Mayrian

and parapsidal furrows distinct. Declivity of epinotum

plane.

Node from above more than twice as long as broad, the

sides concave anteriorly. In profile it is depressed an-

436 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

teriorly and raised posteriorly; underneath is a sharp

vertical spine, small.

Gaster long and narrow, the second segment longer than

the first, and constricted between.

Wings as in ?.

Shining. Mandibles striate; head, including clypeus,

coarsely reticulate-punctate. Scutum less coarsely so ; the

Mayrian furrows are marked out by broad transverse

shining grooves. Rest of thorax and the node coarsely

reticulate-punctate, the declivity of epinotum transversely

rugose. First segment of gaster faintly reticulate with a

few irregular longitudinal lines, second segment more finely

reticulate.

Stipites long and thin, completely encircling the rest of

the genitalia.

Victoria, no. 110 (H. WM. Giles, 1905).

Types W. C. C. coll.

Rhytidoponera (Chalcoponera) metallica, Sm.,

var. VARIANS, NOY.

8. Length 4°5 mm.

Rather smaller than the smallest 8 % of metallica. Head

longer and narrower, hardly wider behind than in front,

sides feebly convex. Thorax less robust ; node of pedicel

somewhat more pointed in front. Scapes extend a little

more beyond the occiput. The occiput has a feeble carina,

broken in the middle, along its upper border.

Sculpture similar, except on gaster, of which the first

segment is covered with transverse striz interspersed with

punctures which are larger and more numerous than is usual

in the type.

The colour varies from a yellow-brown (palest on thorax),

in the majority of specimens, to a metallic green on top of

head and thorax and on nearly the whole of gaster. This

metallic colour never reaches the depth and brilliance seen

in typical specimens of metallica, and there is no trace of

purple.

Darlington, West Australia (Clark, no. 40).

Type in W.C. C. coll.

According to Emery, this var. resembles the var. cris-

tulata, For. (which I have not seen), in the shape of the

occiput, but the sculpture of the gaster is quite distinct.

Rhytidoponera (Chalcoponera) metallica, Sm.,

var. INORNATA, NOV.

%. Differs from the preceding in being of a uniform

437

new Ants from Australia.

dark yellow-brown, with no sign of metallic sheen, and in

the following points :—

The head is shorter and broader behind. The node of

the petiole is distinctly less pointed in front (when seen

from above). The sculpture of the gaster is distinct; the

first segment is coarsely and evenly semicircularly striate,

the striz forming a narrow arch in the centre near the apex

of the segment. The segment has no punctures, but there

is a slight emargination or notch in the apical border, which

is present in all the specimens examined, The second

segment is similarly striate, with a similar arching of the

strize, but the strize are much finer than in the first segment.

(In var. varians the second segment is much more finely

and transversely striate, with no arching, and is punctured

in addition.)

All the thirty-five specimens examined conform to the

above description.

Perth, W. Australia (Clark, no. 31).

Type in W.C.C. coll.

Though hesitating to add to the varieties of such a vari-

able species as metallica, I have thought it best to do so, as

neither Prof. Emery nor myself could make these two forms

agree with any of the published varieties.

Odontomachus coriarius, Mayr, var. oBscURA, nov.

(Fig. 1%.)

%. Length 11°5 mm. (without mandibles) ; mandibles

2°0 mm.

Differs from typical coriarius as follows :—

coriartus. (Fig, 2.

(Specimen from Godeftroy Mus.) var. obscura.

Scapes pass occiput by about

half their breadth.

Occipital groove less deep and

narrower.

Striation of head very fine, not

Scapes do not quite reach oc-

ciput.

Occipital groove deep and broad.

Striation of head very even and

distinct under X10 magnification.

Pronotum evenly transversely

striate,

Base of first segment of gaster

longitudinally reticulate - striate ;

whole of second segment reticu-

late with several points.

distinct under x 10.

Striation in centre of pronotum

oval, with the long diameter of

the oval across the segment. The

whole of thorax more tinely sculp-

tured than in cortarius.

First and second segments only

very superficially reticulate.

* The names used in reference to the three teeth are:—apical tooth

for the terminal, subapical for the smaller one following it, and preapical

for the large broad tooth forming the innermost of the three.

438 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

In addition, the new variety is uniformly darker in colour

than typical coriarius (Clark, no. 10).

Type W. C. C. coll.

Mayr originally described coriarius as a species, but later

authors have considered it a race of ruficeps. It should

rank as a species for the following reasons :—There has

been a certain amount of confusion among authors, owing

to the brevity of Smith’s description of ruficeps. I have

recently examined the type, of which I give a description

below, and there is no doubt that Smith’s description has

led to errors. The shape of the head is quite unlike that

of coriarius, being somewhat long and only slightly wider in

front than behind. Further, the preapical tooth is nearly

Fig. 2. Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.— Mandible of O. cortarius, var. obscura, nov.

Fig. 2.—Mandible of O. cortarius, Mayr.

as long as the apical, and is not sharply truncate, as in

coriarius (vide fig. 2). Smith in his description says the teeth

are “stout and blunt,’’? which hardly conveys the appearance

of the teeth in the type. In fact, Forel, relying on these

words, has described a race of ruficeps, which he called

acutidens (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliv. p. 56, 1900). As a

further result of the examination of Smith’s type and the

discovery of a % major of acutidens, the latter will have to

rank as a species.

Odontomachus ruficeps, Smith. (Fig. 3.)

Type (British Museum).

8. Length (without mandibles) 12°8 mm.; mandibles

22mm. Length of head 3°7 mm. ; width of eyes 2°8 mm.;

width at occiput 2°1 mm.

Colour ferruginous.

Mandibles toothed along inner border with 9-10 small

teeth. Apical tooth shghtly longer than preapical (vide fig. 3).

Head not greatly wider in front than behind.

Spine of node slightly curved backwards. Node in profile

straight in front, rounded behind.

new Ants from Australia. 439

Whole of head above and below, including the fosse,

finely striated right up to the occiput. The occipital

groove extends from the edge of the depression to the

occiput, deep.

The striz on top of pronotum in front are spiral, on the

hinder part they are transverse. On the rest of thorax

they are transverse, much coarser on the base of epinotum.

The declivity has a few coarse transverse striz.

Fig. 3.

Head and end of mandible of Odontomachus rugiceps, Sm., type.

Back of node quite smooth, the front has transverse

strie.

Gaster microscopically reticulate.

Forel’s race acutidens (/.c. and Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist.

ser. 9, vol. vil. p. 90, 1921) varies in length from 7°5 to

10:0 mm. or more, the largest % almost deserving the name

of “ soldier.”

440 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

The following table, giving the comparative dimensions

of the heads of these five forms, shows at a glance how they

are related (that of coriarius is taken from an example

kindly given me by Emery, and came from the Godeffroy

Museum) :—

septentrionalis,

ruficeps, type. co-type. (Fig.4.) coriarius. var. obscura.

Hen eth ec sx wes 37 mm. 3°9 mm. 3o'3 mm, 3-4 mm.

Width at eyes.... 2°8 ,, Dahan, 2b" =f 2 Dee.

Width at occiput. 2:1 ,, 2:00 209, 20

cephalotes,Sm.,

acutidens. (Tig. 5.) type. (Fig. 6.)

Weng thie ty-sicss $ major3°3 mm. 8 minor2?:2mm. 38:3 mm.

Width at eyes.... a Des i eet 2D 55

Width at occiput . Se ee Pr tn Por Oar

Fig. 4, Fig. 5. Fig. 6.

Vig. 4.—Mandible of O. septentrionalis, Craw.

Fig. 5.—Mandible of O. acutidens, For.

Fig. 6.-Mandible of O. cephalotes, Sm., type.

It will be seen from the above measurements that ruficeps

and septentrionalis approximate very closely in the shape of

the head, that of septentrionalis being very slightly longer

and narrower. In fact, the only diiference between the two

forms, apart from this, lies in the shape of the mandibular

teeth. ‘The dimensions of the heads of coriarius and its

var. obscura are almost identical.

O. coriarius, therefore, should rank as a species distinct

from ruficeps, while septentrionalis can only be considered a

var. of ruficeps. On the other hand, acutidens differs from

the others in having a shorter and proportionately broader

head, and also in possessing two forms of 8, and should

rank as a distinct species.

Emery has seen the var. obscura and septentrionalis, and

agrees with me that ruficeps must be considered as a species

distinet from coriarius, cephalotes, ajax, and acutidens.

—"

new Ants from Australia. 441

O. cephalotes, Sm., as shown by the measurements of the

head and the shape of the mandibular teeth, comes in the

coriarius group. Below is a description of the type (Oxford)

from Ceram :—

8. Length (without mandibles) 11°3 mm.; length of

mandibles 1:7 mm.

Head as above. Mandibles broad, distinctly but irregu-

larly denticulate along inner border (Smith says “no teeth’’),.

apex with three teeth (vide fig. 6). Clypeus prolonged in a

blunt point between the frontal carinze. Antennal scapes

barely extend beyond occipital border. Occipital groove

extends to end of antennal fosse, deepest anteriorly.

Thorax slightly emarginate between meso- and epinotum.

Node broad at base, narrowing gradually to the spine, which

is rather short and thick.

Mandibles with one or two indistinct punctures near the

apical tooth, very faintly and irregularly striate along their

outer half. Whole of upper surface and sides of head finely

and regularly striate, the striz coarser in front and spread-

ing fan-wise from the frontal carinz to the base of eyes,

and diverging slightly on the vertex.

Pronotum finely striate transversely, anteriorly some of

the striz form concentric ovals (this cannot be seen from

above, but only from the sides); mesonotum with feeble

striz, arched anteriorly ; epinotum regularly and trans.

versely striate.

Node encircled with fine striz.

Entire gaster finely and longitudinally striate, and finely

reticulate at the base of each segment. On the first segment

- the lateral striz encircle the basal half of the segment, so

that this half, viewed from in front, appears to be trans-

versely striate.

A few outstanding hairs on pronotum and gaster, par-

ticularly on the apical segments. Pubescence very scanty.

Dark ferruginous, almost fuscous; mandibles, antenune,

and legs paler, gaster darkest.

One of the co-types from Ceram is paler.

Podomyrma nupa, sp. n. (Fig. 7.)

%. Length 5:5 mm.

Dark red-brown ; femora, tibiz, and gaster dark brown.

A few scattered yellow hairs on body, tibiz, and scapes with

a few erect hairs. Pubescence nil.

Head very slightly longer than broad, somewhat wider

behind where the occiput is feebly concave, the sides slightly

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 29

442 Mr. W. C, Crawley on

convex, the occipital angles broadly rounded. Mandibles

thick, with two large apical teeth followed by three or four

smaller ones. Anterior half of clypeus flat, depressed along

the anterior border, which is straight. Frontal carine feebly

dilated at the insertions of the antennz, about one-third as

long as the scape. A ridge continues them to the vertex.

The space between the eyes and the frontal carine is slightly

raised, so as to give the impression of an antennal scrobe

at each side, though a definite scrobe does not exist. The

scapes fail to reach the occiput by over twice their greatest

Fig. 7.

QT 7G

Podomyrma nuda, sp. n.

A. Thorax and petiole. B. Dorsum of thorax.

diameter. The apical joint of the club, which is very dis-

tinctly 3-jomted, is almost as long as the two others

together. Joints 2-6 of funiculus subequal, slightly longer

than broad, the fifth and sixth somewhat thickened, the

seventh still more so and longer.

Pronotum broader than long, the sides convex posteriorly,

then becoming concave towards the anterior angles, which

are triangular, but not, strictly speaking, dentate. Pro-

mesonotal suture indicated by a slight break in the

sculpture. The mesonotum a little below the halfway

line has a blunt projection on each side directed forwards.

mer

new Ants from Australia, 443

Mesoepinotal constriction deep. Base of epinotum, which

is nearly twice as long as the declivity, is in profile rounded

as it rises from the suture, then flat for the rest of its

length. Declivity concave, separated from the base by a

transverse ridge ending in a point on either side. First

joint of pedicel from above longer than broad, the sides

parallel, the node ending in front in a blunt point ; in pro-

file the joint is divided into two halves by the point, in

front of this point it is concave, beyond plane. Under-

neath is a blunt tooth directed forwards. Second joint

once and a half as wide as first, broader than long, with

convex sides, in profile it is higher behind, where it is

rounded and higher than first joint. Underneath in front

is a blunt tooth.

Femora very swollen. Gaster ovate.

Back of head and thorax shining, front of head and

gaster mat. Mandibles closely striate. Clypeus sub-mat,

with two or three strong ridges at the sides and some

indistinct ones in between. Head closely and evenly longi-

tudinally striate. On the cheeks the striz tend to become

coarse reticulations. There is a reticulate ground-sculpture

between the striz, except on the vertex and occiput, which

are shining between the striz. Promesonotum coarsely

longitudinally rugose and shining, likewise the sides.

First half of base of epinotum irregularly transversely

rugose, second half regularly so. Declivity shining. First

node irregularly rugose, second evenly longitudinally rugose.

Base of gaster with fine, longitudinal, short strie, the rest

superficially reticulate.

1%. Murray River (Clark, no. 150).

Comes near inermis, Mayr, differing in size and colour

and some small structural details, and also in the sculpture.

According to Forel’s description, it also comes near ode,

which I have not seen.

Meranoplus hirsutus, Mayr, race RuGosA, st. n.

3. Length 2°38 mm.

Comes near the race minor, Forel, from which it differs

chiefly in the shape of the thorax.

Entirely castaneous, petiole somewhat darker, teeth of

mandibles and eyes black.

Mandibles with four teeth. Head broader than in minor

and proportionately broader behind.

Promesonotum broad, much broader behind than in

29*

444 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

minor ; the lateral spines are connected almost to their

points with a translucent border; the mesonotal spines

are subequal, pointed, not truncate at their ends asin minor.

The epinotal spines are long and pointed, but rather thicker

than in either hirsutus or race minor, First node rather

higher than second, otherwise similar to that of harsutus.

Second node in profile somewhat shorter and more abruptly

descending at the posterior border than in hirsutus, and

seen from above it is slightly shorter.

Pilosity abundant, but rather shorter than in type or

race minor.

Mandibles striate. Head and thorax, instead of being

coarsely reticulate, are coarsely longitudinally rugose, the

ruge being connected here and there by transverse bars.

Petiole coarsely reticulate-rugose. Base of gaster longi-

tudinally rugose like the thorax, but not so coarsely. In

the type it is finely reticulate, and in race minor smooth and

shining.

Parkerville, W.A. (J. Clark, no. 29).

Type W. C. C. coll.

Meranoplus rERRUGINEUS, sp. n. (Fig. 8.)

8. Length 2°8-3°0 mm,

Entirely ferruginous ; teeth of mandibles dark brown.

Whole body abundantly provided with a moderately long

golden-brown pilosity.

Fig. 8.

Meranoplus ferrugineus, sp. 0.

Mandibles with four teeth. Head about as long as broad,

broadest at occiput, where it is slightly concave. Eyes

behind the middle of sides of head. Centre of clypeus

coneave from side to side, the anterior border widely

emarginate,

new Ants from Australia. 445

Thorax in shape not unlike the preceding, with similar

triangular teeth at the shoulders of pronotum, but the spines

are shorter. It is broader than long, not greatly wider in

front than behind, the spines are subequal, the lateral pairs

joined by a translucent border. The posterior central pair

are slightly shorter than the outer ones. Epinotal spines

long and thin.

Both nodes in profile subquadrate ; from above the first

is subquadrate, the second uearly 14 as broad, broadest and

almost straight in front, narrowing in an even curve behind,

the whole being not unlike a half-moon with the points

rounded. Gaster of ordinary form.

Mandibles striate. Clypeus smooth and shining in centre,

striate at sides. Frontal area smooth and shining. Front

half of head with irregular longitudinal ridges, shining in

between, merging as the front is reached into coarse reticu-

lation, until at the occiput the sculpture consists of more or

less hexagonal pits, shining at the bottom.

On the promesonotum the process is reversed, the pits

being in front and the ridges behind. ‘The petiole is

similarly pitted.

Gaster smooth and shining, but superficially reticulate.

. Serpentine River, W.A. (J. Clark, no. 35).

Type W. C. C. coll.

Cuanee or Name.—Meranoplus minor, Crawley (1918),

cannot stand, as there is already a M. hirsutus, race minor,

Forel (1902). I therefore propose the name M, minimus

for the former.

Meranoplus w111, sp.n. (Fig. 9.)

3. Length 2°8 mm.

Entirely ferruginous.

Head as long as broad, widest behind, slightly narrowing

in front, less so than in ferrugineus, posterior border

concave. Front portion of clypeus slightly concave, the

anterior border almost straight. Mandibles with four teeth.

Frontal carine slightly curving in at level of eyes, which

ure well behind the middle of head. Antennal scape

swollen beyond middle ; club of funiculus longer than the

rest of the funiculus.

Promesonotum considerably broader than long, broadest

in front. Shoulders of pronotum terminated by large

triangular teeth, the sides parallel, with a blunt dentiform

446 Mr, W-C. Crawley on

process equal and opposite to the pronotal teeth, scooped

out at base leading to the mesonotum, the interval covered

with a translucent membrane. The mesonctum has three

pairs of teeth, the anterior lateral ones broad, the posterior

lateral ones longer and pointed, the central pair short and

pointed. A translucent membrane covers the excavated

space between. Epinotum broad and flat, bearing a pair of

long pointed spines, nearly as long as their interval, and

directed slightly outwards. First node in profile twice as

high as thick, a fraction higher in front than behind, straight

in front, slightly concave behind, making the base broader

than the apex. From above it is broader than long, straight

in front, roughly convex behind. Second node in profile as

high as first, and thicker from above, broader than first,

coucave in front, convex behind.

Meranoplus hall, sp. n.

Gaster of normal form.

Body moderately provided with a short brown pilosity,

much less abundant than in ferrugineus.

More or less shining, gaster sub-mat. Mandibles striate.

Clypeus smooth and shining with a few striz on sides and

on anterior portion. Front half of head has longitudinal

ridges, which gradually become coarse reticulations until

at the occiput the surface is merely coarsely reticulate.

Sculpture of thorax similar to that on the occiput, sides

longitudinally striate. Epinotum with a few longitudinal

strie. Both nodes coarsely reticulate-punctate. The

bottom of the punctures and areas enclosed by the reticula-

tion are shining.

Gaster entirely microscopically reticulate and sub-mat.

Similar to ferrugineus, from which it differs principally

in shape of head and in sculpture, aud in pilosity.

Seaford, Victoria (W. Hill, no. 84).

Type Wine. C: coll. -

new Ants from Australia. 447

Monomorium occiDANEvs, sp. n. (Fig. 10.)

3. Length 2:0 mm. :

Pale yellow, thorax and legs palest, gaster castaneous.

Teeth of mandibles brown. Body sparsely provided with

yellow hairs.

Head almost exactly as broad as long, broadest in front,

slightly narrowing behind eyes, sides almost parallel to that

point, occiput widely concave. Eyes of moderate size,

placed just in front of middle of sides. Mandibles with

four teeth. Clypeus overhanging base of mandibles, the

Fig. 10.

—

Monomorium occidaneus, sp. n.

carine not very distinct, the projecting portion feebly

incised in centre of anterior border. Scapes fail to reach

the occiput by twice their greatest width. Apical joint of

club nearly twice as long as the other two together, the

first joint of club is longer than broad, two-thirds as long

as the second ; joints 2-6 of funiculus broader than long,

the seventh as broad as long.

Thorax slightly constricted in centre, very similar to that

of datinode, Mayr, but the mesonotum forms an acute

angle in front, the promesonotal suture being feeble but

distinct. Mesoepinotal suture as in Jlatinode. Base of

epinotum once and a half as long as declivity, the angle

dividing them greater than a right angle, slightly concave,

with prominent but blunt angles at the sides. First node in

448 On new Ants from Australia.

profile higher than second, rounded evenly at the top, not

greatly thicker at base than at apex; stem as long as the

node, with a minute tooth in front below. Second thicker

than first, more or less globular in appearance. From above,

the nodes are equally broad, the first and second as broad as

long, the anterior and posterior borders almost straight and

parallel. Second node somewhat broader than long, convex

behind, straight in front. Base of gaster concave.

Shining; mandibles with a few punctures, clypeus with

a few longitudinal lines, frontal area with a few striz, which

continue up to nearly the half of the scape, spreading out-

wards. Antenual fossz contain a few circular strie. Whole

of head has widely spaced distinct pits. Thorax with a few

indistinct points. Base and declivity of epinotum finely

transversely striate, the sides reticulate. Petiole and gaster

smooth and shining.

2. Length 3:7 mm.

Deialate. Dark castaneous brown, abdomen lighter than

head and thorax; mandibles, clypeus, antennz, and legs

pale castaneous.

Pilosity sparser than in 9.

Similar to 8 , except for size and sexual differences.

The head is as broad in front as behind, the sides feebly

convex, occipital border feebly concave. yes large,

situated asin &.

Base of epinotum slightly shorter than declivity, concave

between the angles, which are more prominent than in

the 8. Both nodes proportionately broader and shorter

than in %; the second below broadens out into two angles

in front ; the first bears a small point beneath as in the 3.

Gaster long and narrow.

Shining ; striation of head similar to that of the %, but

the longitudinal lines continue beyond and spread out over

the ocelli, leaving a shining space each side of the frontal

groove, which is well-defined. The clypeus has a few striz

on central raised portion. ‘The thorax has more abundant

punctures than in the 8%, and the sides of the petiole and

nodes are reticulate-striate. Hpinotum transversely striate.

Swan River, W. Australia (Clark, no. 95).

Types W.C. C. coll.

[To be continued. }

On Polychet Annelids from Spitsbergen. 449

LV.—Annélides Polychites de lV Expédition de V Université

@ Oxford au Spitzberg en 1921*, Par Pierre FAUVEL,

Professeur 4 l'Université catholique d’Angers.

CETTE petite collection, comprenant 24 espéces, dont aucune

n’est nouvelle, a été recueillie & la céte, 4 mer basse, ou dans

des dragages cétiers. La plupart des spécimens proviennent

de Klaas Billen Bay, quelques-uns seulement d’Advent Bay

ou de Prince Charles Foreland.

Aphroditide.

Harmothoé imbricata (Linné).

Klaas Billen Bay et Prince Charles Foreland, No. 4 et

No. 7 Richard Lagoon.

Les spécimens sont trés nombreux et de trés grande taille,

certains dépassent la longueur de 4 & 5 centimetres. Leur

coloration est trés variée. Quelques-uns appartiennent a la

variété caractérisée par une large bande longitudinale marron,

tandis que le reste des élytres est incolore.

Lagisca rarispina, Malmgren.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Des deux spécimens, l’un est de petite taille, tandis que

Vautre mesure 60 mill. sur 18 mill., soies comprises. Les

élytres sont marbrées de brun avec plusieurs rangs de longues

papilles brunes cylindriques. Les 7 4 8 derniers sétigtres

semblent régénérés.

Pholoe minuta, Fabricius.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Ces spécimens de petite taille ont été ramenés par la drague.

Syllide.

Syllis fasciata, Malmgren.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Cette espéce a 16 corps court et trapu. Les bandes trans-

versales des segments, plus ou moins décolorées par l’alcool,

ne sont plus que faiblement visibles.

* Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen.—No. 7,

450 M. Pierre Fauvel on

Syllis cornuta, Rathke.

Klaas Billen Bay.

D’aprés Augener * (1913, p. 171), Syllis (Ehlersia) sew-

oculata, Ehlers, contrairement & ce que l’on admettait, ne

serait pas synonyme de Syllis cornuta. Chez cette derniére

espéce, il y aurait passage graduel des soies 4 long article en

aléne aux soies & serpe relativement courte; elles seraient

nettement bidentées & l’extrémité. Chez l’Hhlersia sexoculata,

les articles en aléne seraient plus minees, plus allongés, trés

indistinctement bidentés et il n’y aurait pas de passage

graduel des articles en aléne aux serpes plus courtes.

Sur les spécimens du Spitzberg, j’observe bien en effet ce

passage graduel, mais les articles en aléne sont trés longs,

tres minces et trés indistinctement bidentés. Méme sur les

serpes relativement courtes, ce dernier caractére est peu

marqué. Sur des spécimens de Monaco et d’Arcachon, le

passage des alénes aux serpes est moins graduel et ces articles

sont un peu plus nettement bidentées. Les cirres dorsaux

sont peut-étre aussi un peu plus courts. Mais lorsque l’on

connait la variabilité des cirres et des soies chez les Syllidiens

on peut se demander si d’aussi minces détails ont une valeur

spécifique.

Hesionidz.

Castalia sp. (?).

Klaas Billen Bay, dragage.

Avec les Pholoe minuta, la drague a ramené un petit

Hésionien long de 2°5 mill., sur 2 mill., soies comprises. La

trompe inerme est bordée d’une douzaine de papilles saillantes.

Les yeux sont au nombre de 4. Les cirres tentaculaires sont

tombés. Il semble y en avoir eu 6 paires. Les cirres

dorsaux, dont il ne reste que quelques-uns, sont formés de 4

articles. Les parapodes sont en trés mauvais état ; ils semblent

biramés, car il y a un faisceau de soies dorsales capillaires

simples et des soies ventrales composées 4 long article.

Bien que les soies dorsales soient plus développées qu’elles ne

le sont d’ordinaire chez les Castalia, je pense que ce spécimen

pourrait bien en étre une forme jeune, majs son mauvais ¢tat

ne permet pas de le déterminer avec certitude.

* “ Beitrag zur Kenntniss verschiedener Anneliden,” Archiv fiir Natur-

geschichte.

Polychat Annelds from Spitsbergen. A5L

Phyllodocide.

Eteone longa (Fabricius).

Eteone arctica, Malmgren,

Klaas Billen Bay.

Un petit specimen, fixé & Valeool & 70°, et Dautre plus

grand, fixé au liquide de Bouin, correspondent bien a I’ Hteone

longa dont Bergstrém a donné la synonymie et précisé les

caractéres.

Eumida sanguinea (Cirsted).

Klaas Billen Bay.

Un petit spécimen.

Nereida.

Nereis zonata, Malmgren.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Un gros spécimen est un male a I’état subépitoke, les

lamelles pédieuses sont déja développées les soies natatoires

commencent a sortir, mais les soies atokes ne sont pas encore

tombées. Les spécimens atokes, grands ou petits, présentent

encore bien nettement les bandes rougedtres transversales

qui ont valu a cette Nereis son nom spécifique. Une petite

possede seulement 2 paragnathes & un groupe VI. de la

trompe et 4 assez gros 4 l’autre. Sous ce rapport, elle se

rapproche de la WV. pelagica, et ses bandes dorsales sont peu

marquées. Mais par ses groupes VII.—VIII., et tous ses

autres caractéres, c’est bien une JV. zonata.

Nephthydide.

Nephthys ciliata (O. F. Miiller).

Klaas Billen Bay, dragage cétier.

‘Trois grands exemplaires bien typiqnes.

Eunicide.

Lumbriconereis fragilis (O. F, Miiller).

Klaas Billen Bay.

Nombreux spécimens de petite taille et en fragments plus

ou moins macérés.

Cette espéce ne se distingue de la L. impatiens, Claparéde,

452 M. Pierre Fauvel on

si commune sur nos plages de la Manche, que par ses acicules

noirs et ses crochets apparaissant 4 un sétigére un peu plus

éloigné de la téte. Il est souvent difficile de les distinguer

Pune de l’autre, et Southern, qui a trouvé en Irlande des

spécimens intermédiaires, pense que l’avenir montrera leur

identité. Je partage son avis sur ce point.

Ariciide.

Scoloplos armiger (O. F. Miiller).

Klaas Billen Bay.

Ces deux petits spécimens possédent, a la fois, des soies

capillaires et de grosses soies aux pieds antéricurs. D’aprés

de Saint-Joseph, seuls les exemplaires des mers arctiques,

dépourvus de grosses soies 4 la région antérieure, seraient

des Scoloplos armiger et il dé ‘sionait sous le nom d’ Aricia

millert ceux qui possédaient ces grosses soles. M‘Intosh

ayant fait remarquer que ces soies ne sont que des formes,

modifiées par usure, des longues soies fines, J’avais réuni de

nouveau |’ A. miilleri au Scoloplos armiger. Wn 1914, Hisig,

dans son volumineux mémoire sur les Ariciens, admet égale=

ment cette identité. La question semble donc tranchée.

Spionide.

Spio filicornis (O. F. Miiller).

Klaas Billen Bay, dragage cétier.

Ces spécimens correspondent bien a la description et aux

ficures de Malmgren. Le prostomium est tantdt entier,

tantot Iégérement échancré, comme le figure Malmgren. Il

est, ainsi que la face dorsale des premiers segments. pigmenté

de taches brunes qui semblent correspondre aux organes

ciliés.

D’aprés Séderstrém* Spio martinensis, Mesnil, est identique

au Sp. filicornis. Les spécimens du Spitzberg ne me parais-

sent pas différer, en effet, de ceux des environs de Cherbourg

et ils correspondent bien aux figures de Mesnil. Aux

sétigéres antérieurs ef moyens, la lamelle dorsale se relie a la

branchie par un repli, de sorte qu’elle peut tour & tour paraitre

soudée ou détachée, suivant la tacon dont elle est vue.

* ‘Studien tiber die Polychatenfamilie Spionidee ’ (Uppsala, 1920).

Polychet Annelids from Spitsbergen. 453

Cirratulide.

Chetozone setosa, Malmgren.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Ces deux spécimens, tronqués postérieurement, ont de

longues soies capillaires. L’un d’eux, cependant, possede

encore un de ses gros palpes. Si ces organes manquent

souvent c’est donc & cause de leur fragilité et non par épitokie,

puisqu’ils coexistent avec les longues soies.

Flabelligeride.

Flabelligera affinis, Sars.

Klaas Billen Bay, dragage cétier.

Un spécimen.

Opheliide.

Ophelia limacina, Rathke.

Prince Charles Foreland, No. 4.

Un beau spécimen comptant 10 sétigéres antérieurs, 23

paires de branchies et 4 segments abranches. Le tube anal

se termine par 2 grosses papilles ventrales et 9 petites.

Capitellide.

Capitella capitata (Fabricius).

Klaas Billen Bay, dragage cétier; Prince Charles Fore-

land, No. 7,

Nombreux spécimens de grande taille.

Ampharetide.

Sabellides borealis, Sars.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Un petit exemplaire de 7 mill. :

Le prostomium triangulaire porte 2 yeux. Les tentacules

sont pennés. Les sétigéres thoraciques sont au nombre de

14 dont le premier possede de longues soies trés fines, 4

hauteur des branchies. Celles-ci sont au nombre de 4 paires.

La quatrieme paire est en arricre des trois autres. Je ne

454 On Polychet Annelids from Spitsbergen.

réussis pas 4 distinguer de palées. Hessle en mentionne de

trés petites chez la S. octocirrata, il ne parle pas de celles

de S. borealis.

Terebellide.

Amphitrite (?) spec.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Ce n’est qu’avec beaucoup de doutes que je rapporte au

genre Amphitrite deux petits Térébelliens tronqués, ayant

perdu leurs branchies et en assez mauvais état. L’un deux

possédait au moins 29 sétigéres thoraciques, il est tronqué au

30°. Les soies capillaires sont géniculées et nettement

dentelées & l’extrémité. Les uncini ont une base courte, un

vertex élevé, 4 nombreuses rangées de denticules tres fins.

Terebellides stram, Sars.

Klaas Billen Bay ; Advent Bay, No. 3.

Plusieurs de ces Térébelliens sont encore renfermés dans

leur épais tube de vase.

Polycirrus medusa, Grube

(= Eureutho smitti, Malmgren).

Klaas Billen Bay.

Nombreux spécimens de grande taille.

Trichobranchus glacialis, Malmgren.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Un spécimen.

Laphania boecki, Malmgren.

Klaas Billen Bay.

L’unique spécimen recueilli de cet étrange Térébellien est

typique et répond bien a la description de Malmgren.

Sabellide.

Chone duneri, Malmgren.

Klaas Billen Bay.

Cette espéce possede une collerette & bord nettement oblique.

Les branchies se terminent par un long filament nu, limbé a

la base.

Geological Society. 45

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 9th, 1921.—Mr. R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair,

The following communications were read:—

1. ‘The Igneous and Associated Rocks of Llanwrtyd (Brecon).’

By Laurence Dudley Stamp, D.Sec., A.K.C., F.G.S., and Sidney

William Wooldridge.

Parr I—Srrarieraputcan (L. D. §.).

The igneous rocks of Llanwrtyd oceupy the core of the Towy

Anticline of Central Wales for a distance of about 2 miles.

The succession proved is as follows :—

{(7) Intrusion. ]

(6) Black Slates, cleaved and poorly fossiliferous,

Fossiliferous ashy shales,

(5) The Upper Ashes {Fin banded ashes.

Coarse ashes.

(4) Hardened mudstones with a band of ashy limestone.

(3) The Spilites and Spilite-Breccias.

(2) Hardened sediments with fossiliferous mudstones.

(1) The Lower Ashes and Breccia,

The fossils from the lower horizon (2) include Dicranograptus

rectus Hopkinson, Glyptograptus teretiusculus var. siccatus

Elles & Wood, and Climacograptus schérenbergi Lapworth, Those

from the higher horizon (5) include Dicellograptus sextans Hall

and var. ewilis Elles & Wood, and Glyptograptus teretiusculus

var. stecatus Elles & Wood. Both assemblages are characteristic

of the Dicranograptus Shales of South Wales, especially of the

_ horizon of the Mydrim Limestone. The volcanic rocks of Llan-

wrtyd are therefore of lowest Bala (Survey classification) or highest

Llandeilo (classification of Miss G. L. Elles) age, and on the

same horizon as the Upper Basic and Upper Acid Series of Cader

Idris. It had previously been suggested that the Llanwrtyd

rocks were of the same age as those at Builth, 10 miles away,

which are Llanvirnian. :

A detailed description of the beds is given, as well as an account

of the more important sections, and a comparison with other parts

of Wales. The igneous rocks are cut off on the west by a fault,

into which an intrusive mass appears to have been forced.

456 ; Geological Society.

2. ‘The Base of the Devonian, with especial reference to the

Welsh Borderland.’ By Laurence Dudley Stamp, D.Sc., A.K.C.,

F.GS.

This paper is an attempt to establish a satisfactory base for the

Devonian System, on a basis which shall serve for international

correlation. The classification adopted is as follows :—

Lower DrvonIAN (OLD ReDj II. Dittonian.

SANDSTONE FAcrES.) 4 I. Downtonian.

III. Ludlovian.

SILURIAN (GOTLANDIAN)...... fe Wenlockian.

I. Valentian.

Murchison, in defining the Silurian System, drew the limit

between it and the Old Red Sandstone below the Downton Castle

Sandstone or Tilestones. He afterwards included the latter in

the Silurian, and later writers have grouped still higher beds

as Silurian. It is proposed to return to the original definition of

Murchison. The Ludlow Bone-bed forms a natural base: it con-

sists of fish-remains, all of which first appear at this horizon, and

are genetically connected with higher Devonian faunas; it passes

laterally into a conglomerate, and thus forms a natural physical

base; it marks a paleontological and lithological break which can

be correlated all over North-Western Europe. Typical sections are

described in detail.

A study of the paleontology of the Downtonian of the Welsh

Borderland shows that the fauna of the lower beds (Ludlow Bone-

bed, Downton-Castle Sandstone, and Platyschisma Shales) falls

into three groups :—

(a) Upper Ludlovian marine species which survived the change

of conditions indicated by the bone-bed, and lived on in diminished

numbers, but gradually die out. The Platyschisma Shales of Clun

Forest are of deeper-water type than the Downton-Castle Sand-

stone, and still other marine forms occur.

(6) Species which flourished for a short time under the changing

conditions.

connected with later Devonian forms.

A comparison is made between the succession in the Welsh

Borderland and various other regions:—Scotland, Devon and

Cornwall, Northern France, the Ardennes, Britanny, Portugal, the

Baltic lands, Spitsbergen, and North America.

Some notes on the Downtonian paleogeography of England are

added, and some remarks on the habitat of Devonian fishes. It

is suggested, from the association of the early Downtonian fishes

with marine invertebrates that they could live in either salt or

brackish water, but gradually became specialized—some for a

lacustrine habitat, others, perhaps, for marine conditions.

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- Kelectus, Wagl. By Lord Roernscurmp, F.RS. .

noms) bogdanovi, sp. n.|. By V. and E. ‘Marino .

saa Sieg OTe heat ay

XXXVI agora, on ‘Oriental CarabideVT

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EXXIX: "Two new ven ose ae By ee i

XL, Three new Fishes from Zululand and “Natal, colle

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XLVI Deuter ophlebia mirabilis, gen. ace sp. n., 2 Temar 3

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see siiekerpuaca a's se

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No. 538. MAY 1922.

LVI.—A Preliminary List of the Arctine of Pard, Brazil,

and a few from other Localities. By Lord RKoruscuixp,

B.R.S. Ph.D:

Tue material of the subfamily Arctiine on which this list

is founded forms part of very extensive collections made at

Para by the Rev. A. Miles Moss, English Chaplain there.

A considerable number were bred, but the larger series

were taken either on the electric lights of the town of

Para or the special lamps used by Mr. Moss for attracting

Heterocera.

1. Thyractia cedo-nulli (Stoll).

Phalena cedo-nulli, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol, iv. part xxix.

p- 108, pl. ceexlvi. figs. A, B (1781) (Surinam),

2h d and 2 2 @ bred, 4 ¢ ¢ caught.

2. Gonotrephes friga (Druce).

Thyraretia friga, Druce, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii, p. 406

(Carabaya),

1 ¢ caught.

3. Zevius calocore, Dyar.

Zaevius calocore, Dyar, Zoologica, N.Y. vol. i. p. 126, pl. lxi. no. 8

(1910) (Hoorie, British Guiana).

[The ¢ of this species has not yet been described. It

differs from the ¢ in being much larger, the fore wings are

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9, Vol, ix. 30

458 Lord Rothsehild on Arctiinee prom:

wider in proportion to the length (?, length of fore wing

22°5 mm., width 12°5mm.; 3, length 15 mm., width 8°5mm.),

and the costa near the base is produced into a lappet-like con-

vex projection ; the hind wings are large with apex produced

into a point, Nor small and round as in the @; the colour is

salmon-pink, entirely opaque, being densely scaled. @ de-

scribed, Fonte Boa, Amazons, Sept. 1906 (G. M. Klages

coll.).]

1 g caught.

4. Robinsonia mossi, sp. n.

3. Pectus white; palpi, frons, and vertex yellow ;

patagia buff; rest of thorax and abdomen pure white.

Fore wing semihyaline white, nervures whitish grey, costa

and terminal fifth of wing sooty mouse-grey ; hind wings

semihyaline white.

Length of fore wing 18 mm. ; expanse 40 mm.

1 ¢ type caught.

5. Robinsonia rockstonia, Schaus.

Robinsonia rockstonia, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 206

(1906) (Essequibo, British Guiana).

1 S caught.

6. Robinsonia dewitzi, Gundl.

Robinsonia dewitzi, Gundlach, Contr. Entom. Cuba Lepid. 1. p. 265

(1881) (Cuba).

8 3 b,1 ¢ caught.

7. Idalus neja, Schaus.

Idalus neja, Schaus, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 208 (1906)

(St. Jean de Maroni).

This insect shows great variation in size ; the majority

from the Guianas are small, but a few equal in size the

Brazilian specimens, which appear to be mostly large.

Length of fore wing, ¢: St. Jean de Maroni (smallest),

18 mm., expanse 41 mm. ; Para (largest), 23 mm., expanse

53 mm. .

The undescribed ? is much larger, and differs.from the ¢

in the much broader, more brightly coloured, and much

more rounded fore wings, and in the larger and more

rounded hind wings.

4 8 8,1 2 caught.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 459

8. Idalus pandama (Druce).

Halisidota pandama, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soe, Lond. 1893, p. 288, pl. xx.

fiz. 8 (R. Songo, Bolivia).

eo, 1 2 caught.

9. Idalus admirabilis (Cram.).

Phalena admirabilis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. pt. ix. p. 11, pl. ciii.

fig. G (1777) (Surinam),

It is more than probable that what we at present call

Idalus admirabilis 1s composed of a conglomeration of

several species; but, without the examination of the geni-

talia of a large series of specimens from a variety of localities,

this can only be surmised. y

There are individuals with and without the dark spot

above vein 5, others with deep rose hind wings, some with

white hind wings, ete.

The ? in the present series has white hind wings, no spot

above vein 5, and an almost straight median band, while the

3 & all have the spot, have hind wings of varying shades of

rose, and a strongly-curved median band.

13 ¢ 3,2 2 2 caught.

10. Idalus daga (Dogn.).

Empusa daga, Dognin, Le Nat. 1891, p. 125 (Zumba).

All the three Beeps are of the typical form with yellow

abdomen.

Formerly I sank the red-abdomened form dares, Druce,

to the rank of an aberration, in view of the series of

specimens at Tring from Las Quignas, Venezuela, consisting

of individuals with brick-red abdomen as well as yellow.

Apparently, however, specimens with yellow abdomen do

not occur in Costa Rica and Ecuador, nor do individuals

with deep crimson abdomen occur in Eastern 8. America.

Therefore, either dares must be treated as a subspecies of

daga or a8 a good species ; only the examination of the

genitalia can decide which.

Weg ace, 29: caught.

11. Idalus mossi mossi, sp. u.

3. Closely allied to melanopasta, Dogn., but differs in the

shape of the claspers. Externally the apex of fore wing is

more produced and the outer half of wing is less freckled ;

the hind wing has the apex produced to a sharp point, and the

460 Lord Rothschild on Arctiinze from

abdominal half of the wing is deep uniform rose acutely cut

off from the pale costal half.

Length of fore wing 18 mm.; expanse 41 mm.

1 g caught.

[Idalus mossi fluviatilis, subsp. n.

o. Differs from mossi mossi in being much paler in

colour, in the large tooth running into the yellow terminal

area of fore wing being reduced to a point, and in the hind

wing being entirely sericeous buffy cream-grey with only a

slight rose tint on the hairs of abdominal half.

@. Differs from ¢ in being much darker and having the

hind wings large and normally developed and uniform rose-

colour throughout.

266,22 2%, Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, Aug. 1907

(S. M. Klages coll.); 1 9, Manaos-Yutshi (Maewell

Stuart). |

12. Idalus favillacea (Rothsch.).

Automolis favillacea, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 86. no. 55,

pl. v. fig. 28 (1909) (Aroewarwar Creek).

Mr. Moss obtained 1 @ of this species, of which hitherto

only the unique ¢ type had been recorded.

6. Differs from 9 in being smaller, in the dark area of

hind wings being smoky-black sharply cut off from the

cream-coloured costal area, and in the hind wings being

small and triangular.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 17 mm., 2? 20 mm. ; expanse,

3 41 mm., 2 47 mm.

1 o caught. |

13. Aphyle margaritacea, Walk.

Aphyle margaritacea, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. iii.

~ p. 720, no. 1 (1885) (Para).

1932 2 2 caught.

14, Pheomolis incarnata (Hmpsn.).

Aphyle incarnata, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. vol. iii.

p. 20, no. 1215, fig, 11 (1901) (St. Paulo di Olivencas).

1g, 1 2 caught; 1 2 bred (cocoon hammock-shaped,

with long narrow pointed ends yellowish wood-brown).

There appears to be considerable confusion with this

insect and its near allies; Sir George Hampson, when

describing it, only knew the ¢; the ¢ was described

five years later by Mr. Herbert Druce as Jdalus marpessa

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 461

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 497 (1906) (Carabaya),

and placed by Sir George in the genus Hupseudosoma. Iu

1909 I deseribed an allied insect as Prumala incisa (Nov.

Zool. vol. xvi. p. 25, pl. iv. fig. 17 (1909) (Fonte Boa)) from

a ¢,and this insect Sir George placed next to his incarnata

in Aphyle; in 1911 Monsieur Dognin described a ¢ distinct

from Druce’s marpessa under the name of Hupseudosoma

parapessa (Hét. Nouv. Amer. Sud, fase. v. p. 9 (1912)

(Fonte Boa)), which is evidently the ¢ of my incisa.

Lastly, in 1909 I described as Antaxia affinis (Nov. Zool.

vol. xvi. p. 26, pl. iv. fig. 20 (1909) (Carabaya)) a further

allied form which Sir George placed next to parapessa,

Dogn., in Hupseudosoma. Dr. Jordan has examined all

these with the exception of the ¢ parapessa, aud finds the

neuration is the same.

Dr. Jordan also examined a number of species placed in

the genera Pheomolis, Neaxia, Eriostepta, Amaxia, Evius,

and Areomolis, and is convinced that all the species with

modified or distorted hind wings due to the presence of

scent-organs belong to one genus, while those with normal

hind wings belong to another. ‘Tbe presence of the very

varied types of scent-organ displaces the veins of the hind

wings, and the resulting neuration cannot be considered

generic, as it is confined to the ¢ sex.

It becomes apparent, therefore, that the whole of the

Arctiine requires a.complete classificatory revision, and

the present paper must be read in that light ; the alteration

of generic names can only be considered as tentative.

15. Pheomolis bella bella (Schaus).

Neaxia bella, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 212 (1906)

(St. Jean de Maroni).

Sir George Hampson places this directly after NVeavia

theon, Druce, whereas the neuration agrees with that of

Pheomolis lepida, Schaus. I believe, in tact,,that lepida,

Schaus, is only the Central-American race of della, Schaus,

and must stand as Pheomolis bella lepida (Schaus).

a 6 yl. 2 caught:

16. Prumala saturata (Walk.).

Automolis saturata, Walker, List Lepid. Ins, Brit. Mus, pt. vii.

p. 1635 (1856) (Para).

7 3 3S caught.

462 Lord Rothschild on Arctiinee from

17. Prumala similis, Rothsch.,

Prumala similis, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p, 268 (1909)

(Fonte Boa).

18. Prumala intermedia, sp. 0.

Similar to optima, Butl., and hieroglyphica, Schaus, but with

the discal pattern of fore wings much obliterated and more

saturated with rose-colour. Hind wings semihyaline bright

rose. Size of optima.

2 3 & caught.

19. Premolis semirufa (Walk.).

Halisidota semirufa, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. vii.

p. 1708 (1856) (Para).

933,42 ? bred; 2 2 2 caught (cocoon rough ham-

mock-shaped, greyish brown).

20. Azatrephes discalis (Walk.).

Halisidota discalis, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. vii. p. 1706

(1856) (Amazon Valley).

Zatrephes paradisea, Butler, Ill. Lepid. Het. Brit. Mus, pt. i. p. 52,

pl. xvii. fig. 11 (1877) (Rio Yutak).

In ‘ Novitates Zoologice,’ xvi. p. 33, I unfortunately iden-

tified Walker’s Halisidota discalis with the insect afterwards

described by Sir George Hampson as Azatrephes argyrotis,

quite failing to understand that in reality Butler’s paradisea

was identical with Walker’s discalis, and therefore must fall

as a syhonym.,

8 ¢ g,1 2 caught.

21. Azatrephes argyrotis orientalis, subsp. n.

3. Differs from argyrotis argyrotis, Hmpsn., in the

heavier brown markings of the fore wings, the more distinct

yellow lower half of abdomen, and the distinct orange-yellow

wedge in the hind wings.

?. Differs in more yellowish-brown markings, not rufous-

brown.

43g 8,7 2 2 caught.

22. Zatrephes modesta, Schaus.

Zatrephes modesta, Schaus, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 210

(1906) (St. Jean de Maroni).

1 g caught.

Pardé, Brazil, and other Localities. 463

23. Zatrephes flavida, Hmpsn.

Zatrephes flavida, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 441

(1905) (St. Jean de Maroni),

Sir George Hampson unites my albotestacea with his

flavida, but I do not agree.

1 $ caught.

24. Zatrephes trilineata, Hmpsn.

Zatrephes trilineata, Hampson, Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 441

(1905) (St. Jean de Maroni).

2.3 3 caught.

25. Zatrephes bilineata rufobrunnea, Rothsch.

Zatrephes bilineata rufobrunnea, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol, xvi.

p. 3l, pl. iv. fig. 40 (1909) (Fonte Boa),

Sir George Hampson has treated my rufobrunnea as a

mere aberration, which is quite wrong, as it is the Amazonian

local race, whereas typical bilineata only occurs in Southern

Peru.

1 ¢ caught.

26. Zatrephes foliacea, Rothsch.

Zatrephes foliacea, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 31, pl. iv.

figs, 41-43 (1909) (Fonte Boa).

27. Zatrephes flavinotata (Rothsch.).

Automolis flavinotala, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi, p. 39, pl. vi.

fig. 4 (1909) (San Antonio do Javary).

Sir George Hampson has placed this insect and my

Automolis pseudopremolis in Zatrephes, which appears to me

quite wrong, but until the whole subfamily can be revised

I leave them in that genus rather than risk a double change.

The undescribed ¢ differs from the 2 in its narrower and

more pointed fore wings, and in the less extent of rose on

the hind wing.

The Para seriesis very small. Expanse: type ? ,36mm.;

Para, ¢ ¢ 26-30 mm., 2 30 mm.

5g ,1 2 caught.

28. Zatrephes nitida (Stoll).

Phalena nitida, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. pt. xxiii. p. 147,

pl. celxxiy. fig. F (1780) (Surinam).

Sir George Hampson has united my rosella with nitida,

but this is not the case, the two being quite distinct.

464 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine /rom

The three examples sent by Mr. Moss are particularly

bright, and have the hind wings deep rose-colour.

3 3 3 caught.

29. Zatrephes rufescens, Rothsch.

Zatrephes rufescens, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 29 (1909)

(Fonte Boa).

2 ¢ 6 caught.

30. Zatrephes rosacea, Rothsch.

1 & caught.

31. Zatrephes traili, Butl.

Zatrephes traili, Butler, Must. Lepid. Het. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 52,

pl. xvii. fig. 7 (1877) (River Jurua).

1 ? caught.

32. Eupseudosoma bifasciata (Cram.).

Phalena bifasciata, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii, pt. xxi. p. 104,

pl. cclii. fig. F (1779) (Surinam),

23 3,1 % caught.

33. Eupseudosoma involuta (Sepp).

Phalena involuta, Sepp, Surin. Vlind. vol. i. pl. exy. (1852) (Surinam).

8S o,4 2 2 caught.

34, Hupseudosoma mossi, sp. ni.

2. Pectus white; head aud antennze very pale grey ;

thorax white ; abdomen whitish grey, anal segment white

with darker grey spot. Fore wing satiny white, a blackish-

grey dot between veins 3 and 4 at their base, and a similar

subterminal one between 5 and 6. Hind wings satiny-

white.

Length of fore wing 18 mm. ; expanse 42 mm.

1 ¢ caught.

35. Hriostepta fulvescens, Rothsch.

Lriostepta fulvescens, Rothschild, Novit, Zool. vol. xvi. p. 27, pl. iv.

fig. 28 (1909) (Fonte Boa).

1 ¢ caught.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 465

36. Amaia pseudodyuna, sp. 0.

3. Allied to dyuna, Schaus, from Sao Paulo, but distin-

guished at once by the reduced yellow and increased scarlet

marking in basal area of fore wing, and in the intense rose-

coloured opaque hind wings with vein 5 absent.

Length of fore wing 15 mm.; expanse 34 mm.

6 3 S caught.

37. Amaia flavicollis (Rothsch.).

Prumala flavicollis, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 25, pl. iv.

fig, 15 (1909) (Fonte Boa),

The type and unique ¢ hitherto recorded is much broken,

so it is very gratifying to find two fine examples among

Mr. Moss’s captures, especially as now correct dimensions

can be given.

Length of fore wing 17 mm.; expanse 40 mm.

236 caught.

38. Amaxia perapyga, sp. n.

3. Differs from apyga above in the absence of red in the

basal brown area of fore wing, in the yellow dot in same

area, in the larger lobe to costa of hind wing and the much

larger and practically colourless androconial patch, and in

the smaller size, and in the anal segment of abdomen being

almost entirely yellow. Below it differs on fore wing in the

much larger androconial patch and in the absence of the

broad black band beyond it, only a small patch of black

scales at upper and lower edges of outer side of androconial

patch being present.

Length of fore wing: apyga, 19 mm., expanse 43 mm. ;

perapyya, 16 mm., expanse 36 mm.

1 g caught.

[Amaxia perapyga semivitrea, subsp. n.

3. Differs from p. perapyga in the hind wing being semi-

vitreous greyish white in costal half and only opaque and

blackish on lower half.

33,12, Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May—Aug.

1906 (G. M. Klages coll.)*

39. Amaxia chaon (Druce).

Zatrephes chaon, Druce, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1883, p. 383, pl. xl.

fig, 10 (Sarayacu, Hcuador).

This insect varies amazingly in size, the smallest in the

466 Lord Rothschild on Arctiinse from

Tring Museum being from St. Jean de Maroni and the

largest from Costa Rica.

Expanse, ¢, smallest 26 mm., largest 46 mm. ; ? , smallest

32 mm., largest 58 mm.

56S; 2 2 2 caught.

40. Evius albiscripta, Schaus.

Evius albiscripta, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 213 (1906)

(St. Jean de Maroni).

Sir George places this insect in the same genus as auro-

coccinea, Walk., and cochenouri, Schaus, but I think it fits

much better into Hriostepta.

1 g caught.

41. Evius aurococcinea, Walk.

Evius aurococcinea, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. iii. p. 640.

no. 1 (1855) (Para).

11 3 3 caught.

42. Areomolis rhodographa, Hmpsn.

Areomolis rhodographa, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus.

vol. iii. p. 38, no. 1245 (1901) (Thomar, Rio Negro),

1 § caught.

43. Are@omolis sanguinea, Hmpsn.

Areomolis sanguinea, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 442

(1905) (St. Jean de Maroni),

This insect appears to me so totally unlike the genotype

that I cannot believe it is really an Areomolis.

2 3 S caught.

44, Paranerita suffusa, Rothsch.

Paranerita suffusa, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 298 (1909)

(Tumatumari).

336 3,1 2 caught.

45. Paranerita metapyria, Dogn.

Paranerita metapyria, Dognin, Ann, Soc. Entom. Belg. li. p. 229 (1907)

(St. Laurent de Maroni).

2 db 3 caught.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. A467

46. Paranerita carminata, Schaus.

Paranerita carminata, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 227

(1907) (St. Jean de Maroni).

2 84 caught. (This species has hitherto only been

known from the unique type.)

47. Paranerita coccineothoraz, sp. n.

3. Nearly allied to persimilis, Rothsch. Differs in the

narrower and more pointed fore and hind wing, in the less

extent of the brownish-mauve basal area of fore wing, in the

smaller subapical patch, and in the brilliant scarlet pro- and

metathorax. The subapical patch does not extend beyond

subcostal nervure, and above it is a bright scarlet stripe ;

abdomen and markings in basal area of fore wing scarlet ;

hind wings scarlet-crimson,

1 § caught.

48. Paranerita polyxenoides, Rothsch.

Paranerita polyxenoides, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vel. xvi. p. 297

(1909) (Fonte Boa).

1 3 caught.

49, Paranerita cuneoplagiatus, sp. n.

6. Allied to triangularis, Rothsch., but with narrower

and more pointed wings. Pectus pinkish cream-colour ;

antenne, basal two-thirds dull pink, outer third cream-buff ;

head, fronus yellow with red band, vertex red, yellow in

front ; thorax rosy red slightly powdered with yellow ;

abdomen with white dot at base, rosy red marked with

yellow.

Fore wing reddish mauve-brown strongly washed with

rose; apex yellow, a large wedge-shaped patch of yellow

runs in from costa to median nervure, and a similar one

from termen, both edged with scarlet, a yellow dot broadly

surrounded by scarlet above vein 1 near base.

Hind wings rose-pink.

Length of fore wing 12 mm.; expanse 28 mm,

| Paranerita oroyana, sp. n.

3. Very closely allied to cuneoplagiatus. Pectus yellowish

buff; antennal shaft red, pectinations buffish yellow ; head

yellow slightly powdered with red; thorax pale mauve

468 Lord Rothschild on Arctiinse from

wood-brown powdered with red and yellow; abdomen

scarlet-winged and slightly powdered with yellow.

Fore wing mauve wood-brown irrorated with yellow;

a small yellow patch at apex edged with scarlet, termen

narrowly yellow, a very large curved wedge-shaped yellow

patch runs in from costa to median vein, and between this

and base of wing is a smaller yellow spot, both edged with

scarlet, a wedge-shaped yellow patch edged with scarlet

runs in from termen, a yellow dot edged with scarlet above

and a scarlet streak below vein 1 near base. Hind wing

buftish yellow suffused and towards outer third somewhat

rayed with red.

Length of fore wing 16 mm.; expanse 35 mm.

5 $$, La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Peru, 3100 ft., dry

season, Sept. 1904 (G. Ockenden coll.). |

50. Hyponerita similis, Rothsch.

Hyponerita similis, Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 299 (1909)

(Fonte Boa).

1 3g caught.

51. Hyponerita viola, Dogn.

Hyponerita viola, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belg. vol. lili. p. 220

(1909) (St. Laurent de Maroni).

1 2? caught. (1 9, Rio Madeira, Moss.)

52. Hyponerita incerta, Schaus.

Hyponerita incerta, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, vol. xxix. p. 229

(1905) (St. Jean de Maroni).

1 ¢ caught.

53. Hyponerita furva, Schaus.

Hyponerita furva, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix, p. 228

(1905) (Geldersland, Surinam River).

1 ¢ caught.

54. Neritos onytes (Cram.).

Phalena onytes, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. pt. xiv. p. 107, pl. elxy.

fig. E (1777) (Surinam).

Sir George Hampson considers that onytes, Cram., and

psamas, Cram., are ? and ¢ of the same insect, and that

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 469

the g g with the discal band complete and those with it

broken into two spots are only aberrations. I for the

present consider they are two species for the following

reasons: the ¢ ¢ with the band complete have the pecti-

nations of the antennze longer and they do not start

diminishing in length so soon, they have the hind wings right

up to the lobe opaque dark sooty-grey, and they are less

strongly tinged with pink. The g ¢ with broken bands, on

the other hand, have shorter branches to the antenne,

diminishing in length from nearer the base, have the basal

half to two-thirds of hind wing more semivitreous and tinged

with whitish grey, and they are very strongly tinted with

rose. The ? ? differ only in the more opaque and darker

hind wings and lighter less opaque ones respectively.

266,11 ¢ caught.

55. Neritos psamas (Cram.).

Phalena psamas, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol, ill. pt. xx. p. 72, pl. cexxxiv.

tig. G (1779) (Surinam).

286,12 caught.

56. Neritos sorex, Druce.

Nerites sorea’, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (7) ix. p. 325 (1902) (San

Ernioto, Mapiri, Bolivia).

1 $ caught.

57. Neritos sardinapalus (Rothsch.).

Hyponerita sardinapalus, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 51, pl. vii.

fig, 21 (1909) (La Union, Rio Huacamayo),

1 g,1 2 caught.

58. Neritos steniptera, Wmpsn.

Neritos steniptera, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 445

(1905) (St. Jean de Maroni).

38¢ d caught. (Sir George Hampson has united my

basalis with his steniptera, but it is distinct.)

59. Neritos ockendeni coccinea, subsp. un.

¢. Differs from o. ockendeni in the absence of the white

markings of the fore wings, the scarlet borders being

entirely filled in with scarlet on the type, and only an indi-

cation of a light mark on the termen of the second specimen.

470 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine: from

On the hind wing the present form differs in the black outer

border being much wider, occupying more than half the

wing.

23 3 caught.

[ Neritos ockendeni parvimacula, subsp. un.

3S ?. Differ from o. ockendeni in the markings on the

fore wings being much reduced in size and in the much wider

outer black margin to the hind wings, which occupies more

than half the wing.

15 3,6 2 2, St. Jean de Maroni, Cayenne.

(The Tring Museum has a 2 from Aroewarwar Creek,

Surinam, which has the dark outer portion of the hind wing

occupying fully two-thirds of the wing and is probably a

fourth subspecies.) |

60. Neritos cyclopera, Hmpsn.

Neritos cyclopera, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 446

(1905) (St. Jean de Maroni).

10 8 g,1 ? caught.

61. Neritos lavendule, Rothsch.

Neritos lavendule, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 294 (1909)

(Aroewarwar Creek).

1 S caught. (Sir George Hampson has united this with

sithnides, Druce, but the g neuration is quite different.)

62. Parevia methemia, Schaus.

Parevia methemia, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 213

(1905) (St. Laurent de Maroni).

1 S$ caught.

[ Schalotomis postsuffusa, sp. v.

dg. Pectus buff; antenne, basal three-fifths scarlet,

rest sooty-grey ; head, frons brownish mauve edged with

scarlet, vertex yellow; thorax mauve strongly washed with

vermilion ; abdomen scarlet, basal spot white, anal tuft

yellow.

Fore wing, basal half obliquely pinkish mauve narrowly

edged with scarlet, outer half yellow, a large rounded apical

patch pinkish mauve margined very narrowly with scarlet.

Hind wing triangular, much produced at tornus ; costal

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 471

two-thirds yellowish salmon-colour, inner third yellow,

clothed thickly with long hair.

Length of fore wing 12 mm.; expanse 27 mm.

1 3, Potaro, British Guiana, May 1908 (S. M. Klages

coll.).]

63. Schalotomis postsuffusa pallida, subsp. n.

3. Differs from above in paler coloration and smaller

size; the mauve is more greyish and the hind wing is

yellowish white tinged with rose near apex. Abdomen buff

marked with red.

Length of fore wing 10 mm.; expanse 23 mm.

1 g caught. (Sir George Hampson has placed my curta,

together with an insect I described as a Lithosid, as

Diarhabdosia roseothoraz in a new genus Schalotomis, but |

feel certain this cannot be correct.)

64, Antaxia hyalina (Rothsch.),

Automolis hyalina, Rothschild, Noyit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 41, pl. v. fig. 33

(1909) (La Oroya).

1 g caught.

65. Automolis critheis (Druce).

Idalus critheis, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Amer. Het. i, p. 89, pl. ix. fig. 19

(1884) (Panama).

bg 6 caught; 1 gb ? bred.

66. Automolis aleteria, Schaus.

Automolis aleteria, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 214 (1905)

(St. Jean de Maroni),

6 3 J caught (1 labelled U. Amazon also in Moss coll.).

67. Automolis larissa (Druce).

Idalus larissa, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1890, p. 496, pl. xlii. fig. 6

(Santarem, Amazons).

4 3 $ caught (1 labelled “R. Madeira” also in Moss

coll.).

68. Automolis reducta (Walk.).

Automolis reducta, Walker, List Lepid. Ins, Brit. Mus. pt. vii. p. 1688

(1856) (Amazon Valley).

2366,1 2 caught.

472 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine from

69. Automolts albescens (Rothsch.).

Eupsodosoma albescens, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 26, pl. iy.

fi. 25 (1909) (Aroewarwar Creek).

70. Automolis semiopalina (Feld.).

Ischnognatha semiopalina, Felder, Reis. Noy. pl. cii. fig. 2 (1874)

(Cayenne).

83g,1 2 caught.

71. Automolis flavescens (Walk.).

Halisidota flavescens, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. vil.

p. 1750 (1856) (Pari).

1 ? caught.

72. Automolis lurida (Feld.).

Eucyrta lurida, Felder, Reis. Noy. pl. cii. fig. 7 (1874) (Nari, Upper

Amazons),

5 ¢ J caught.

73. Automolis sanguinolenta (Cram.).

Phalena sanguinolenta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ill. pt. xx. p. 102,

pl. eclii. fig. A (1779) (Surinam),

5 fo fo caught.

74. Automolis cruenta, Rothsch.

Automolis cruenta, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 38, pl. v.

fig. 89 (1909) (La Oroya).

2 3 J caught.

75. Automolis ventralis (Schaus).

Macheraptenus ventralis, Schaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1894, p. 229

(Aroa, Venezuela).

13 ¢ ¢S caught.

76. Automolis leucoptera, Hmpsn.

Automolis albescens, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol, xvi. p. 36, pl. v.

fig. 26 (1909) (British Guiana) (nom. prieoc.).

The undescribed ¢ differs in being smaller, having the

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 473

fore wings more pointed, and the hind wings more triangular

in shape.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 31 mm., ? 43 mm.; expanse,

6 69 mm., 2 95 mm.

63,2 2 2 caught.

77. Automolis pandiona (Stoll).

Phalena pandiona, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iv. pt. xxxiv.

p. 228, pl. ccexevii. fig. I (1782) (Surinam).

23 S$, 1 2 bred (cocoon hammock-shaped, greyish white).

78. Automolis milesi, sp. n.

?. Pectus yellow; antennz creamy grey ; frons ciunamon-

brown ; vertex and basal half of patagia yellow; rest of

thorax mauve-cinnamon ; abdomen pale cinnamon strongly

washed with rose.

Fore wing cinnamon mauve-brown ; a number of indistinct

golden-yellow spots in basal third, a semihyaline cream-buff

patch above each of veins 3, 4, and 5,a row of quadrate

yellow patches ou termen between veins 2 and 7, and a

yellow dot below vein 2.

Hind wing, basal half and inner area dirty white, outer

half sooty pale mauve-brown, a row of three yellow spots

on termen near apex and fringe yellowish.

Length of fore wing 20 mm.; expanse 44 mm.

2 2 2 bred.

79. Automolis apicalis (Walk.).

Euchromia apicalis, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 261

(1854) (Para).

1 3 caught.

80. Automolis opposita (Walk.).

Euchromia opposita, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. p. 260

(1854) (Brazil).

25 & caught.

81. Automolis splingidia (Perty).

Glaucopis sphingidea, Perty, Delect. Anim. Art. p. 158, pl. xxi. fig. 12

(1884) (Rio Negro).

6 3 S caught.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 31

474 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine from

82. Automolis flammans, Hmpsn.

Automolis flammans, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. vol. iii.

p. 50, pl. xxxvi. fig. 9 (1901) (Columbia).

3 oo caught; 1g, 4 2 2 bred. (Cocoon large, netted

round web of coarse brown threads slightly intermixed with

hair. Pupa uniform sausage-shaped, rounded at both ends,

black, very glossy, interspaces of abdominal segments

rufous-chestnut ; cremaster consists of a bunch of short,

stiff, dark brown bristles.)

83. Automolis strigosa (Walk.).

Luchromia strigosa, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. p. 273

(1854) (Rio Janeiro).

4 ¢ 3 caught.

84. Automolis niveomaculata, Rothsch.

Automolis niveomaculata, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 42, pl. vi.

fig. 21 (1909) (La Union).

26 3 caught.

85. Automolis alboatra, Rothsch.

Automolis alboatra, Rothschild, Noyit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 46, pl. vi.

fig. 80 (1909) (Fonte Boa).

3 6 fo caught.

[ Automolis fuliginosa, Rothsch.

Automolis fuliginosa, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 187, pl. xiv.

fig. 10 (1910) (Fonte Boa).

Some time after I described the above species from a

single ¢, I found while arranging my Amatide 8 ¢ ¢

Arctiids from La Union, which were evidently a species of

Auiomolis, and agreed so well with what one would suppose

the ¢ fuliginosa to be like that I put them under that

species. in Mr. Moss’s collection, however, there is a speci-

men labelled ‘ Alt. Am.” (=Upper Amazons) which is the

undoubted ¢ of fuliginosa, for it is exactly like the 2 type

in coloration, and only differs in the fore wings being more

pointed and narrower and the hind wings shorter and more

triangular. Therefore the La Uniou insect requires a name.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 475

Automolis approximans, sp. Nn.

3. Differs from the ¢ of fuliginosa in its metallic-blue

pectus and vertex, in the absence of the white dots on the

patagia and the white basal patches of the tegulz, in the

metallic-blue not white patch at apex of mesothorax, and

in the broader, shorter, and more rounded fore wings.

Length of fore wing 15 mm.; expanse 34 mm.

33 3, La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 2000 ft.,

wet season, Noy. 1904 (G. Ockenden coll.). |

86. Automolis separata (Walk.).

Apyre separata, Walker, List Lepid. Ins, Brit. Mus, pt. ii. p. 491

(1854) (aga, Amazons).

12 6 6 caught.

87. Automolis contraria, Walk.

Automolis contraria, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus, pt. i. p. 259

(1904) (Ega).

2 6 J caught.

88. Automolis superba, Druce.

Automolis superba, Druce, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 382, pl. xl.

fig. 8 (2) (Sarayacu, Ecuador),

1 g caught.

89. Automolis elissa, Schaus.

Automolis elissa, Schaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 277 (Rio

Janeiro).

90. Automolis crocopera, Schaus.

Automolis crocopera, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 218

(1905) (Omai, British Guiana).

The ? has broader fore wings and the termen of the hind

wings much less concave (excised).

266,22 2? caught. (The Tring Museum has a fine 9

from Dutch Guiana.)

91. Automolis vitrea, Stoll.

Phalena vitrea, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iii. pt. xxiii, p. 151,

pl. eclxxvi. fig. C (1780) (Surinam).

lad Oe 2S canst.

rl Be

476 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine from

92. Automolis vitreoides, sp. un.

Differs from vitrea meridionalis by the less distinct lines

in the dark basal portion of fore wing and in their dark basal

colour extending to apex along the costo-subcostal area. On

the hind wing the inner third is more distinctly rose-pink

aud sharply cut off from rest of wing.

1 gS caught. (1 g, Trinidad, in Tring Museum.)

93. Automolis intermedia, Rothsch.

Automolis intermedia, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. xvi. p. 48, pl. vi. fig. 87

(1909) (La Union). a

lg, 2 9 2 caught.

94. Automolis orbona, Schaus.

Automolis orbona, Schaus, Entom. Amer. vol. v. p. 90 (1889) (Vera

Cruz).

3 6 3 caught.

95. Automolis bonora, Schaus.

Automolis bonora, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 219 (1905)

(Cayenne),

4 83,1 2 caught.

96. Automolis luteola, Rothsch.

Automolis luteola, Rothchild, Noyit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 44, pl. vi. fig. 9

(1909) (Sapucay).

Sir George Hampson puts my Juteola down as the ? of

his Idalus xanthus; this is not correct,as I have $ and ¢ of

luteola aud S 3 of wanthus. The Para specimens of luéeola,

as well as of orbona and bonora, are darker and more orange

than specimens from more northern localities.

266,12 caught.

97. Automolis polystria, Schaus.

Automolis polystria, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p. 219

(1905) (St. Jean de Maroni),

2 6 oS caught.

98. Automolis submarginalis (Rothsch.).

Prumala submarginalis, Rothschild, Novit, Zool. vol. xvi. p. 24, pl. iv.

ti, 16 (1909) (Minas Geraes).

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. A77

99. Automolis luteoplaga, sp. n.

3. Differs from persimilis, Rothsch., in the narrower fore

wings, hardly visible pale neuration, in the pure yellow

patagia, and in the much yellower thorax generally.

Length of fore wing 15 mm.; expanse 85 mm.

1 g caught.

100. Automolis ilus (Cram.).

Phalena ilus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. pt. viii. p. 145, pl. xcil. fig. E

(1776) (Surinam).

2 36 & caught.

101. Automolis rectiradia, Hmpsn.

Automolhs rectiradia, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. vol. iii.

p- 65, pl. xxxvi. fig. 15 (1901) (San Paulo di Olivencas).

agra, 2 2 9 caught.

102. Automolis rutilus (Stoll).

Phalena rutilus, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iv. pt. xxxii. p. 183,

pl. ceelxxxii. tiv. B (1781) (Surinam),

248 caught. (The buff-colour on these two specimens

is deeper and brighter than in any of the long series in the

Tring Museum.)

103. Automolis albofasciata, sp. n.

3. Closely allied to rutilus ; differs in the black pectus

bordered with orange, in the almost obsolete grey lines on

thorax, in the sooty-black not brown coloration, in the

oblique subapical band of fore wing being cream-white Nor

deep buff, and in the smaller size.

Length of fore wing, ruti/us 19mm., albofasciata 16°5 mm. ;

expanse, rutilus 45 mm., albofasciata 41 mm.

23 6 caught.

104. Automolis moma, Schaus.

Automolks moma, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, vol. xxix. p. 218 (1905)

(Omai, Brit. Guiana).

17 3 S caught.

105. Automolis lutosa frater, subsp. n.

Very closely allied to sorur, Rothsch.

?. Only differs in the abdomen above having the basal

two-thirds above black Nor orange and in the ground-colour

being darker.

478 Lord Rothschild on Arctiinse from

&. Differs from 3% mexpectata, Rothsch.,in having a clear

broad band of semihyaline white beyond discocellulars of

fore wing from subcostal to vein 3, and the hind wing semi-

hyaline white broadly bordered all round with dark grey.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 22mm., 2? 382 mm.; expanse,

¢ 50mm., 2 72mm.

5&@3,5 2 3 caught; 6 ¢ g,2 % bred (cocoon rough,

coarse, orange buff-brown, ovate hammock-shaped).

106. Castrica phalenoides (Drury).

Sphinx phalenoides, Drury, Illust. Exot. Entom. vol. ii. p. 50,

pl. xxviii. fig. 6 (1778) (Bay of Honduras).

14,1 9 caught.

107. Castrica sordidior, Rothsch.

Castrica sordidior, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 48, pl. vii.

fig. 5 (1909) (Caparo, Trinidad).

4 $f caught, 1 gS bred (cocoon ill-formed, coarse, black

network filled with larval hairs).

108. Melese dorothea (Stoll).

Phalena dorothea, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iy. pt. xxxiv.

p- 228, pl. ecexcvii. fig. K (1782) (Surinam).

488,284 bred; 5 9 g,1 2 caught (cocoon ovate,

equal ; ends yellow, rough).

109. Melise flavipuncta, Rothsch.

Melese flavipuncta, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 49, pl. vii.

figs. 18, 14 (1909) (Caparo, Trinidad).

264,12? bred; 6 6 o,3 2 caught (cocoon a loose

blackish-grey web ; pupa very truncate, glossy red-brown).

110. Melese surdus, Rothsch.

Melese surdus, Rothschild, Noyit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 275 (1909) (Tuma-

tumari, Brit. Guiana).

29 ¢ bred, 2 § g caught (cocoon loose grey web, pupa

truncate, black-brown, glossy).

Sir George Hampson has united this with incerta, Walk.,

but this is erroneous ; incerta is always more suffused with

rose-crimson and has a bright yellow cocoon.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 479

lll. Melese incerta (Walk.).

Malabus incerta, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. ili. p. 716.

no. 1 (1855) (Para).

1 3,1 2? bred; 2 ¢ g caught (cocoon loose, ovate, bright

sulphur-yellow; pupa truncate, bright reddish brown, glossy).

112. Ammalo helops, Cram.

Phalena helops, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. pt. vi. p. 118, pl. Ixxii.

fig, C (1775) (Surinam).

483,22 3 caught.

113. Ammalo violitincta, sp. n.

6. Pectus dull brown ; antennz black-brown ; head dull

chocolate-brown ; patagia dull chocolate-brown, rest of

thorax smoky wood-brown; abdomen brownish cinnamon-

orange ringed with black.

Fore wing smoky wood-brown washed with violet-manve.

Hind wing, outer half obliquely wood-brown grey, inner

half greyish yellow.

Length of fore wing 31 mm.; expanse 70 mm.

1 ¢ caught.

114. Pareuchetes aurata (Butl.).

Euchetes aurata, Butler, Cist. Entom. vol. ii. p. 38 (1875) (Santarem),.

236,33 ? % caught (Sir George Hampson has placed

in, Ammalo a heterogeneous mass of species consisting of

eleven species belonging, in my opinion, to at least four if

not five different genera. In addition to this, he has united

insulata, aurata, and aravaca as one species under insulata,

which is quite erroneous. I have for the present used the

genus Pareuchetes, Grote, genotype insulata, for the three

species of this group, awaiting a final revision of the

Arctiine).

115. Pareuchetes aravaca aurantior, subsp. u.

S$ 2. Differs from aravaca aravaca, Jord., in being suffused

with orange-yellow, especially along costa and margins.

43,2 2 2 caught.

116. Glaucostola flavida, Schaus.

Glaucostola flanda, Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxix. p, 221

(1905) (St. Laurent de M aroni).

23 6 caught.

480 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine from

117. Hemanota rubriceps, Hmpsn.

Hemanota rubriceps, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. vol. iii.

p- 87, fig. 62 (1901) (Espiritu Santo).

1 f caught.

118. Ochrodota pronapides (Druce).

Zatrephes pronapides, Druce, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiii. p. 173

(1894) (Panama).

1 J caught.

119. Ochrodota brunnescens, Rothsch.

Ochrodota brunnescens, Rothschild, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

p. 207 (1909) (Aroewarwar Creek).

1 3 caught.

120. Ochrodota tessellata, Rothsch.

Ochrodota tessellata, Rothschild, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. p. 206

(1909) (Fonte Boa).

266,1 9 caught.

121. Carathis klagesi, Kothsch.

Carathis klagest, Rothschild, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. p. 208

(1909) (Fonte Boa).

1 ¢ caught.

122. Syntarctia enone (Butl.).

Halisidota anone, Butler, Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 50, pl. iii.

fig. 3 (Rio Jurua, Rio Purus).

7 OG 4 Pericaueht,

123. Syntarctia russa tenebrosa, subsp. n.

3. Differs from russa russa in the darker, more greyish

wood-brown fore wings and the greyer suffusion of the hind

wings.

2466,1 2 caught.

124. Baritius eleuthera (Stoll).

Phalena eleuthera, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iv. pt. xxxi. p. 159,

pl. ecelxxi. fig. A (1781) (?).

1 & bred (cocoon oval, rough, dark apple-green).

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. AS1

125. Baritius eleutheroides, Rothsch.

Baritius eleutheroides, Rothschild, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

p. 209 (1909) (Fonte Boa).

4 go S$ caught.

126. Baritius flavescens, Rothsch.

Baritius flavescens, Rothschild, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. p. 209

(1909) (Fonte Boa).

1 ¢ caught.

127. Baritius affinis, Rothsch.

Baritius affinis, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 89 (1910) (Fonte

Boa).

1 g caught.

[ Sychesia dryas dryas (Cram.).

Phalena dryas, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. pt. vi. p. 110, pl. Ixx. fig. C

(1775) (West Indies).

2 3 3 caught, 1 Rio Madeira, 1 Upper Amazons. |

128. Elysius hermia (Cram.).

Phalena hermia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. pt. xvi. p. 136, pl. elxxxv.

fig. F (1777) (Surinam).

1 g caught (1 g, Rio Madeira, also in collection).

129. Psychophasma erosa (Herr.-Schaff.).

Halesidota erosa, Uerrich-Schiffer. Ausseur. Schmett. fig. 550 (1858)

(Mexico).

4 3 3 caught (2 g¢ g, Rio Madeira, also in collection).

130. Thalesa citrina (Sepp).

Phalena citrina, Sepp, Ins. Surinam, pl. liii. (1848) (Surinam).

Madeira, also in collection) (cocoon ovate, rough, buffish

grey).

131. Halisidota subvitreata, sp. n.

3 2. Differ from annulosa, Walk., in the whiter colora-

tion, smaller and more indistinct pattern, and in the

semivitreous almost translucent nature of both pairs of

wings. a

452 Lord Rothschild on Arctiinee from

Length of fore wing, ¢ 16 mm., ? 18 mm.; expanse,

S$ 38 mm., ? 44 mm.

26, 19% caught 1 ¢, 1 ¢, St. JeamdeMarontji0

Tring Museum).

132. Halisidota buchwaldi, Rothsch.

Halisidota buchwaldi, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 67 (1910)

(Fonte Boa).

This insect is very close to maroniensis, Schaus, and

Sir George Hampson has united it with that species.

I think, however, they are distinct.

One Opal ae caus hit:

[ Halisidota androlepia, Dogn.

Halisidota androlepia, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belg. vol. lii. p. 155

(1908) (Loja).

1 S caught, Lower Amazons. |

133. Halisidota sobrina, Moschl.

Halisidota sobrina, Méschler, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. xxvii.

p- 668, pl. ix. fig. 82 (1877) (Surinam). “

1 $ caught, 2 ¢ 2 bred (cocoon roundish-ovate, rough,

cream-buff).

134. Halisidota cyclozonata, Hmpsn.

Halisidota cyclozonata, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. vol. iii.

p- 162. no, 1500, pl. xl. fig. 2 (1901) (St. Paulo di Olivencas),

1 & caught.

135. Halisidota sannionis (Rothsch.).

Baritius sannionis, Rothschild, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. p. 209

(1909) (La Oroya).

3¢ 4,2 2 2 caught.

136., Halisidota polyodonta, Hmpsn.

Halisidota polyodonta, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus. vol. iii.

p: 166, no, 1610, pl. xl. fig. 2 (1901) (Parintins, Amazons).

4 83,3 ¢ caught.

137. Halisidota ochracea, Moschl.

Halisidota ochracea, Méschler, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. xxxil.

p. 337, pl. xviii. fig. 28 (1883) (Surinam).

1 2 caught.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 483

138. Halisidota rufo-ochracea, sp. n.

9. Nearest to ochracea, but much darker; differs at

first sight by its truncated fore wing with square-cut

termen; it also differs in the head, antenne, thorax, and

fore wings being orange-rufous nor golden-orange as in

ochracea.

1 g bred (cocoon a coarse network, sooty-brown ; pupa

black, thorax and wing-coverts reddish brown).

139. Halisidota stipulatoides, Rothsch.

Halisidota stipulatoides, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 64 (1910)

(Christianburg).

1 g caught.

140. Halisidota strigulosa, Walk.

Halisidota strigulosa, Walker, List Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. ii.

p. 787 (1855) (Para),

Sir George Hampson united under rhomboidea, Sepp,

strigulosa, Walk., citrina, Walk., and mandus, H.-Sch.; he

himself afterwards recognised mandus as distinct, but strigu-

losa also is a distinct species, and I believe citrina is also.

1 g,1 2 bred (cocoon ovate, rough, sooty-black).

141. Metaxanthia vespiformis, Druce.

Metaxanthia vespiformis, Druce, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 465

(1899) (Villa Nova, Amazons).

1 ? caught.

142. Agorea semivitrea, Rothsch.

Agorea semivitrea, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 291 (1909)

(no special type-locality, nomen novum),.

aut? caught.

143. Palustra laboulbeni, Bay.

Palustra laboulbeni, Bar, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, (5) iii. p. 301

pl. vili. (2), figs. 1-8 (1878).

Sir George Hampson places these American insects,

together with some very different-looking African and

Asiatic species, in the genus Menas. I feel sure this is

wrong. Menas has as genotype vocula, Stoll, which is an

African species, and I consider should be confined to the

African species. Lucea and Carbisa, with simplex, Walk.,

and venosa, Moore, respectively, as genotypes, must be

484 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine from

restricted to the Asiatic species, and Palustra with laboulbent

as its genotype must be used for the American forms with

the exception of vestalis, which will probably require a new

genus.

53,7 2g bred (larva black, dorsal tufts short with

a double median row of still stouter rufous-buff ones, lateral

tufts black, long, and silky ; cocoon ovate, hammock-

shaped, sooty-black, smooth). (1 ¢, 1 9, Rio Madeira,

also in collection.)

144. Palustra tenuis, Berg.

Palustra tenuis, Berg, Stett. entom. Zeit. vol. xxxviil. p. 259 (1877).

5 ood, 4 9-2 bred (1 GO; 1.9, Rio: Madeira; an Ge

collection).

145. Pseudalus aurantiaca, Rothsch.

Pseudalus aurantiacus, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 52, pl. vil.

fies, 25, 26 (1909) (Aroewarwar Creek).

2 3 3S caught.

[Ecpantheria mus bahiaensis, Oberth.

“Ecpantheria bahiaensis, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 109,

pl. xvi. fig. 5 (1881) (Bahia).

1 ?, Pernambuco, bred (pupa deep brown shagreened,

abdominal interspaces red-brown; cremaster short, consist-

ing of two bunches of stiff bristles; larval spine entirely

black with stiff bristly hairs). ]

146. Ecpantheria cunigunda (Stoll).

Phalena cunigunda, Stoll in Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. iv. pt. xxix.

p- 104, pl. ceexliv. figs. D, E (1781) (Surinam).

The species of Hepantheria, with few exceptions, are very

complicated and difficult to identify correctly. Sir George

Hampson has sunk a large number of species created by

Monsieur Oberthiir in his monograph, but, in my opinion,

in most cases has placed them as synonyms to wrong

species. The forms of the cunigunda-bari group are espe-

cially puzzling, and I believe the principal difficulty arises

from the rapid and often very irregular fading of the wings

and body. I have come to the conclusion that the specimens

from the Guianas, Northern Brazil, and the Amazons are

all one form and synonymous, while the South Brazilian

specimens form a local race, and the two races must stand

thus :—

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 485

Eepantheria cunigunda cuniyunda, Stoll.

Ecpantheria cayennensis, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 107,

pl. xiv. figs. 1, 3 (1881) (Cayenne).

Ecpantheria bari, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 108, pl. xiv.

fig. 5 (1881) (Cayenne).

Ecpantheria dubiosa, Oberthir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p, 108, pl. xiv.

tig. 6 (1881) (Cayenne).

Ecpantheria cunigunda ganglio, Oberth.

Ecpantheria ganglio, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 108, pl. xiii.

fig. 5 (1881) (Santa Catharina).

Ecpantheria orbiculata, Oberthur, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 108,

pl. xiv. fig. 7 (1881) (Brazil).

Ecpantheria proxima, Obeithiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 108,

pl. xv. fig. 9 (1881) (Brazil).

Of cunigunda cunigunda there are in the collection 11g ¢,

4 9? ¢ bred (pupa glossy black, abdominal interspaces

golden-yellow).

146 a. Ecpantheria detecta, Oberth.

Ecpantheria detecta, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 109, pl. xv.

fie. 8 (1881) (Para).

Sir George Hampson places detecta as a synonym of

abdominalis, together with proaima, detectiva, annexa, and

aramis, Oberth. Most of these are quite distinct species,

and detecta must also stand as such.

1 g caught. (There are also in collection 1 ¢, 2 2? 9,

Upper Amazon, caught.)

147. Calidota rema (Dogn.)

Pseudapistosia rema, Dognin, Bull. Soc, Entom. France, vol. Lx,

p- clxxvi (1891) (Sta Catharina).

1 2 caught.

148. Purius pilumnia (Stoll).

Phalena pilumnia, Stoll in Cramer, Pap, Exot. vol. iv. pt. xxvi. p. 36,

pl. ccevii. fig. D (1780) (Surinam).

2 6 ¢ caught. (There are also in the collection 2 ¢ ¢ from

the Kio Madeira and 1 ¢ from Upper Amazons.)

149. Paracles contraria, Walk.

Paracles contraria, Walker, List Lepid, Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 717

(1855) (Para).

449 4,1 2 caught.

486 Lord Rothschild on Aretiine from

150. Utetheisa ornatri« (Linn.).

Phalena ornatriz, Linneeus, Syst. Nat. edit. x. vol. i. p. 511 (1758).

966,12 ¢ 2 bred 5 1g41 S cauchte:

The following species were overlooked :—

56a. Neritos leucoplaga, Hmpsn.

Neritos leucoplaga, Hampson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 444

(1905) (St. Laurent de Maroni).

16 al 2 causht:

143 a. Virbia parva, Schaus.

Virbia parva, Schaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 215 (Peru).

2 3 & caught.

143 6. Virbia palmeri, Druce.

Virbia palmert, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. p. 189 (1911)

(San Antonio, Columbia).

28 5 caught.

143 c. Virbia hypophea tenuimargo, subsp. n.

$ %. Differs from hypohea hypophea, Hmpsnu., in the

much narrower black margins of the hind wings in both

Sexes.

1 g,1 2 caught.

6a. Neidala bipuncta, sp. un.

g. Pectus reddish orange; antennz, head, and thorax

cinnamon-orange; abdomen, hasal two-thirds salmon-red,

anal third orange.

Fore wing orange salmon-red, costa orange, rest of

‘nervures golden-yellow ; two black dots on discocellulars

anda black streak on vein 5. Hind wings salmon-pink.

Length of fore wing 16 mm.; expanse 36 mm.

5 fo f caught.

The following are in the collection from Peru and other

localities :—

1. Robinsonia mossi, sp. n.

dg. Pectus buff ; antenne, shaft white above, pectinations

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 487

and shaft below sooty-grey ; frons whitish, vertex orange ;

thorax white; abdomen, basal segment white, rest orange.

Wings sericeous milk-white.

Length of fore wing 21-24 mm. ; expanse 48-52 mm.

7 3 6 caught, Lima, Peru.

2. Idalus admirabilis (Cram.).

Phalena admirabilis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. pt. ix. p. 11, pl. ciii.

fig. G (1777) (Surinam).

1 very large g caught, Chanchamayo District.

3. Automolis contraria, Walk., subsp. ?

1 ?,from the Rio Madeira, caught.

There are at least two subspecies of contraria; and the

above specimen differs from typical 9 ? in having a very

small subapical white spot, and apparently narrower black

margins. It also has a yellow costa up to the black apex,

while typical 9? ? have the costa black.

Probably, therefore, further specimens would prove the

existence of a third subspecies.

[ dutomolis contraria peruviana, subsp. n.

?. Differs from contraria contraria in the very much

wider black apex to fore wings, in tlhe much larger white

subapical spots, in the yellow nor black inner margin of

fore wings, and in the much narrower black margins to fore

and hind wings.

1¢, La Union, Bio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 2000 ft.,

Dec. 1904 (wet season) (G. Ockenden). |

4. Automolis drucet, sp. n.

9. Nearest to dissimilis, Druce. Differs in pectus being

orange Nor black, in the black nor grey and brown palpi

and legs, and in the entirely black abdomen with last sey-

ment and anal tuft buffish grey ; a grey spot on each side of

sixth segment.

Fore wings differ in being darker grey, the nervures

rufous not whitish ; the costa white not dark buff. The

hind wings are darker.

Length of fore wing 82 mm.; expanse 72 mm.

1 ¢ bred (cocoon grey, somewhat loose-webbed, hammock-

shaped; pupa rufous, glossy, somewhat densely clothed on

sides and dorsally with rufous hair, cremaster long, dart-

shaped, sharply pointed).

488 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine from

5. Melesse flavipunctata, Rothsch.

Melesse flavipunctata, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 49, pl. vii.

figs. 13, 14 (1909) (Caparo, Trinidad),

1 3 caught, Lima, Peru.

6. Bertholdia crocea mossi, subsp. u.

Differs from crocea crocea, Schaus, from Costa Rica, by

the more maroon-brown NoT orange rufous-brown of the

uon-vitreous portions of the fore wings.

1 ¢ bred, Lima, Peru (cocoon ovate, flattened, attached to

surface of leaf, rough, bright sulphur-yellow).

7. Ammalo trujillaria peruviana, subsp. n.

Very near violitincta, Rothsch., in appearance (antea,

p-. 479).

&. Pectus yellowish brown-grey ; antennz brown, as

strongly punctured as in helops, Cram.; head and thorax

dark fuscous-grey ; abdomen black-brown rimged with

pinkish grey and clothed with long pinkish-grey hairs on

basal half.

Fore wings yellowish wood-grey, densely irrorated and

strigillated with dark fuscous-grey.

Hind wings pinkish cinnamon-grey, sericeous.

? similar, but larger and with very much shorter pecti-

nations to the antenne.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 30 mm., ¢ 35 mm.; expanse,

3 66 mn., 2? 76 mm. ‘

5 oS, 42 ¢ bred, Lima, Peru (cocoon pear-shaped,

sooty-brown, network not dense, transparent ; pupa deep

brown, glossy ; abdomen much smaller and rounded, trun-

cate; cremaster consists of tiny bunch of short hairs.

Parasite Henicospilus, var. flaviscutellatus, cocoon of parasite

cylindrical, bluntly rounded both ends, rough, black).

8. Ammalo helops (Cram.).

Phalena helops, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. i. pt. vi. p. 118, pl. Ixxi. fig. C

(1775) (Surinam).

13,4 2 ? caught, Chanchamayo District.

9. Pachydota nervosa (Feld.).

Lophocampa nervosa, Velder, Reise Noy. Lepid. pl. ci. fig. 6 (1874)

(Bogota).

1 ? caught, Chanchamayo District.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 489

10. Syntarctia enone (Butl.).

Hahsidota enone, Butler, Trans. Entom. Soe. Lond. 1878, p. 50, pl. iii.

fig. 3 (tio Jurua, Rio Purus),

1 3, unlabelled.

11. Pelochyta brunnescens, Rothsch.

Pelochyta brunnescens, Rothschild, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

p- 226 (1909) (Sto. Domingo, Carabaya).

1 g caught, Chanchamayo District.

[ Hlysius bicolor (Weym. & Maass.).

Elysius bicolor, Weymer & Maasser, in Stiibel’s Reisen in Sud Amer,

p. 182, pl. v. fig. 1 (1890) (Putzulagua, Mcuador).

This species has been wrongly identified by Sir George

Hampson, myself, and others: the description and figure

emphasising the yellow-red costal area of fore wing should

have been sufficient to prove that the two or more Peruvian

insects placed under the name bicolor (=walkeri and mossi,

infra) could not be that insect. |

12. Elysius walkert, sp. n.

3. Pectus dark brown; antenne umber-brown ; head

and thorax sooty black-brown; abdomen above basal two-

thirds brightly yellowish buff, long-haired, anal one-third

brown.

Fore wings sooty wood-brown, very thinly scaled, nervures

reddish brown.

Hind wings semihyaline milk-white, abdominal area

buffish, costal and terminal fringes grey.

@.. Similar, larger ; fore wings more densely scaled ; abdo-

men, basal portion greyish buff, anal portion brownish

wood-grey.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 26 mm., ? 30 mm. ; expanse,

6 60 mm., ? 68 mm.

13,1 2 caught, Lima, Peru (do type).

Named after Commander J. J. Walker, who took the first

specimen.

13. Llysius cellularis, sp. u.

é. Pectus dark mahogany-brown ; antenne, shafts black,

pectinations rufous-brown ; head and thorax black ; abdo-

men sooty wood-brown.

Fore wing basal two-fiftlis and costal area black, outer

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 32

490 Lord Rothschild on Arctiine from

three-fifths sooty yellowish brown-grey, very thinly scaled, a

black patch on discocellulars.

Hind wing somewhat semihyaline milk-white.

Length of fore wing 24 mm. ; expanse 54 mm.

1 ¢ caught, Lima, Peru.

14. Hlysius mosst, sp. n.

6. Pectus, head, and thorax sooty brown-black ; antennze

greyish brown-black ; abdomen, basal half sooty brown-

erey, anal half black-brown.

Fore wing sooty dark brown, thinly scaled on disc,

nervures brighter brown.

Hind wing somewhat semihyaline greyish milk-white,

nervures brownish.

9 smaller, antenne deep black ; fore wings densely scaled

sooty-black; hind wings greyer; basal half of abdomen

greyer.

Length of fore wing, ¢ 28 mm., ? 24 mm.; expanse,

6 62 mm., 2? 58 mm.

14,39 2 caught, Lima, Peru (2¢ ¢ in Tring Museum :

1 Ecuador (Staudinger) ; 1 Riobamba, Ecuador (Simons)).

15. Opharus astur (Cram.).

Phalena astur, Cramer, Pap. Exot, vol. ii. pt. x. p. 35, pl. exx. fig. B

(1777) (Surinam).

1 2 canght, Chanchamayo District.

16. Amastus rumina meridionalis, subsp. n.

6 ?. Differs from rumina rumina, Druce, from Costa

Rica, in the less rufous-brown shading of the fore wings and

the broader orange markings on the patagia and tegule.

1 6,1 2 caught, Chanchamayo District.

17. Thalesa citrina albipuncta (Rothsch.).

Halisidota albipuncta, Rothschild, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv.

p- 221 (1909) (Ecuador).

1 $,1 2 caught, Lima, Peru; 1 ? caught, Chanchamayo

District.

18. Thalesa amaxieformis (Rothsch.).

Halisidota amaxieformis, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 68

(1910) (luo Cazapas, Mcuador).

1 g caught, Santarem.

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 49]

19. Halhsidota alsus (Cram.).

Phalena alsus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. vol. ii. pt. x. p. 26, pl. exiil. fig. I

(1777) (Surinam).

43,3 2 2 caught, Lima, Peru.

20. Halisidota sobrina, Moschl.

Halisidota sobrina, Moschler, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesells. Wien, vol. xxvii.

p. 668, pl. ix. fig. 52 (1877) (Surinam).

1 § caught, Chanchamayo District.

21. Halisidota schausi occidentalis, subsp. n.

S$ 2. Somewhat intermediate between schausi schausi and

schausi pallida ; the colour of the bands and spots on fore

wing less brown, more greyish than in the former, but much

darker than in the latter. The median band is considerably

narrower than in schausi schausi, and narrows sharply above

median to costa as in pallida. Hind wing greyer.

36,5 2 2 caught, Lima, Peru.

22. Halsideta truncata, sp. nu.

?. Nearest allied to ochracea, Moschl., but at once dis-

tinguished by its square truncated termen of fore wings.

Antenne dark brown ; head and thorax and two basal

segments greyish buff ; rest of abdomen yellowish.

Fore wing buff powdered with greyish brown, a round

black spot on discocellulars.

Hind wings semihyaline greyish buff.

Length of fore wing 15 mm. ; expanse 36 mm.

1 ¢ bred, Pernambuco (cocoon greyish buff, clothed in

long dense hair ; pupa golden-brown, highly polished).

23. Agorea semivitrea, Rothsch.

Aygorea semivitrea, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 291 (1909).

1 2? caught, Lima, Peru.

24. Agorea mossi, sp. nv.

3. Allied to klagesi, Rothsch., but paler, less grey ; abdo-

men unspotted, except one dot at base; fore wing more

suffused with yellow.

Length of fore wing 14 mm. ; expanse 31 mm.

1 3 caught, Lima, Peru.

32*

492 Lord Rothschild on Aretiinze from

25. Ecpantheria magdalene, Oberth.

Expantheria magdalene, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 111,

pl. xviii. figs. 5, 8 (1881) (Columbia).

1 g caught, Chanchamayo District.

26. Ecpantheria peruvensis, Hmpsn.

Ecpantheria peruvensis, Hampson, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Brit. Mus, vol. 111.

p. 874. no. 1917, pl. li. fig. 10 (1901) (Legrario, Peru).

1 ? caught, Chanchamayo District. |

27. Ecpantheria detecta, Oberth.

Ecpantheria detecta, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 109, pl. xv.

fig. 8 (1881) (Para).

1 2 caught, Chanchamayo District.

28. Ecpantheria dubia, sp. u.

3 ?. Differ from cunigunda, Stoll, in the pure white

thorax, the transverse yellow and blue bands of abdomen,

and in the closely placed bands of spots on fore wings and

their obsolete pale appearance.

1 g,1 9 caught, Lima, Peru.

29. LHepantheria andensis, sp. n.

dé. Antennz above basal three-quarters greyish white,

terminal quarter black-brown ; head greyish white, a dark

brown tuft on vertex ; thorax whitish grey, more or less

densely powdered with black-brown ; abdomen black-brown

with lateral bands of dark yellow, basal segment with two

tufts of grey.

Fore wing, basal third, costal area, and broad area above

and below vein 1 dark grey, powdered, freckled, and banded

with whitish grey ; rest of wing hyaline, very sparsely

powdered with grey scales; nervures dark grey, powdered

with pale grey.

Hind wing, abdominal two-fifths brown-grey, whitish

along inner edge to tornus, rest of wing hyaline, faintly and

sparsely powdered with grey.

Length of fore wing 20-22 mm. ; expanse 48-52 mm.

23 6 caught, ‘“ Junin, Andes, Peru, 14,000 ft., lat. 12°.”

Pard, Brazil, and other Localities. 493

30. Eecpantherina muzina, Oberth.

Eepantheria muzina, Oberthiir, Etud. Entom. livr. vi. p. 105, pl. xii.

fig. 4 (1881) (Muzo, Columbia).

236,7 2 2 caught, Lima, Peru.

Sir George Hampson has included yukatensis, Oberth.,

under this species, but I feel sure that is wrong. Of the six

others of Oberthiir’s, which Sir George has also placed under

muzina, | am equally convinced that several are distinct.

31. Mallocephala imitatrix, sp. n.

This insect inthe ¢ is a curious mimic of Meenas? flavata,

Hmpson.

¢ (normal). Antenne, head, thorax, and abdomen deep

black.

Fore and hind wings sooty-black, thinly scaled, nervures

deep black.

& (ab. luteola). Sides of abdomen, costal area of fore

wings, and basal half of hind wings dirty buffish yellow.

6 (ab.griseola). Antenne grey-brown ; head and tegulx

buffish grey ; abdomen buffish grey with narrow transverse

dorsal lines,

Fore wing yellowish grey. Hind wing semihyaline

isabelle-grey.

2. Apterous, covered with sooty-black and grey or grey-

down.

Length of fore wing, 3, 11-13 mm. ; expanse 26-28 mm.

17 6g, 12 2 2 bred (1 § ab. griseola,7 ? 2 ab. luteola),

“ Junin, Andes of Peru, 14,000 ft.”” (larva black with major

portion of hairs of dorsum orange-rufous ; pupa red-brown,

interspaces of abdominal segments yellowish brown ; cocoon

ovate, hammock-shaped, thin, sooty-brown network).

The following species are out of order :—

32. Palustra elongata, sp. n.

3. Head sooty black-brown ; antenne, shaft brown-grey,

pectinations honey-brown ; thorax wood-brown mixed with

golden-brown hairs; abdomen golden-orange, a patch of

sooty-brown hair on basal segmeut, anal segment and tuft

yellowish. orey.

Fore wing golden-buff somewhat freckled with black and

with flammulated patches of black scales, an area, free of

black scales, forming a sinuate postmedian buff band, sub-

terminal area with fewer black scales ; a black stigma on

discocellulars.

494 Dr. H. A. Baylis on

Hind wing yellowish buff, semivitreous on disc, a broken

submarginal dusky line.

$ (ab. sordida). Black sealing much intensified, almost

swamping entirely the ground-colour ; hind wings suffused

entirely with grey.

@. Similar to ¢, but deeper golden-buff ground-colour

and varying much in extent of black scaling; @ (ab. sor-

dida) entirely dark brown, nervures blackish.

Length of fore wing, 3 16-17, 2 20-22 mm. ; expanse,

3 uae ve aaa 52 mm.

ee ae 89 ? (1 6,1 2, ab. sordida) bred, ‘ Junin, Andes

of pert: Te fists

33. Palustra postflavida, sp. 0.

?. Antenne dark brown; head and thorax brown

sprinkled with yellowish hairs; abdomen above blackish

brown with golden-yellow rings, basal segments with long

brown hairs, anal tuft buffy-orange.

Fore wing umber-brown, very sparsely sprinkled with

paler scales, two postmedian darker brown shadow bands, an

arrow-shaped black discocellular stigma.

Hind wings with only one postdiscal darker band.

Length of fore wing 25 mm.; expanse 57 mm.

? bred, Junin, Andes of Peru, 14,000 ft.” (pupa rufous-

brown, broad, and truncate).

LVII.—WNotes on some Parasitic Nematodes.

By HA. GA yrs. MeAc Doe:

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I.—On THE GENUS Wezrcomuza, SAMBON, AND A NEW

SPECIES OF THAT GENUS.

Wellcomia samboni, sp. n.

Host: hairy porcupine ( Coendouw [Sphingurus] villosus) *.

Position: intestine.

Locality: Paraguay. [The animal had been in captivity

in the Zoological Society’s Gardens, London, for thirteen

months. |

The material upon which this note is based was collected

* More correctly C. cou’y, Desm.

some Parasitic Nematodes. 495

by Dr. L. W. Sambon in 1997. For the opportunity of

examining it the writer is indebted to him and to the

Director-in-Chief, Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Research.

Thanks are also due to Mr. R. J. Ortlepp, of the Prosectorial

Department of the Zoological Society, for kindly supplying

some information from the records of the Society.

This interesting form is very closely related to the Oxyuris

evoluta, v. Linst., described by Smith (1908) and by Hall

(1916) from Erethizon dorsatum and LE. epivanthum, v. Lin-

stow’s (1899) specimens from Acanthion brachyura seem to

have been immature, and his description is so brief that it is

difficult to be certain whether those of the later authors were

of the same species. Smith’s specimens were also immature.

The American authors, however, have described the presence

of cervical ale, while v. Linstow mentions a spindle-shaped

swelling of the cuticle anteriorly, which is probably another

interpretation of the same structure.

In the present material not only are the ale apparently

absent, but no cuticular swelling can be detected. Unfortu-

nately the material consists of females only, and the specific

characters depend mainly upon measurements, which can

best be given in the form of a table. Most of the differences

in dimensions between W. samboni and Oxyuris evoluta might

be due merely to individual variation; but, besides the

absence of cervical ale, the more anterior origin of the

characteristic vaginal outgrowth and its much greater length

in the older females, and the somewhat larger dimensions of

the eggs, appear to be valid specific characters. In the

absence of a fuller description of v. Linstow’s original

material, therefore, we may regard the form under con-

sideration as distinct from O. evoluta. It may be mentioned

here that the intestinal dilatations described by Hall do not

seem to be constant in magnitude and position, but vary

considerably, in W. sumbont,

Sambon (1907a & b), under the name of Wellcomia

mitchelli, briefly described a form from the Cape Jumping-hare

(Pedetes caffer). Here again, unfortunately, the description

had to be based on females only *, and the measurements

indicate no real difference between W. mitchelli and W. samboni

(see table below). ‘The wide differences of host and geogra-

phical distribution, however (unless, of course, the infection

had been acquired in captivity), seem to justify the assump-

tion that the species are not identical,

* Dr. Sambon believes that a male was seen, but was unhappily’ lost,

He thinks it had a very long slender tail, but no other details are

available.

496 Dr. H. A. Baylis on

Dr. Sambon has most kindly lent me, and allowed me to

reproduce, the accompanying figure (fig. 1) of W. mitchell,

- which has not hitherto been published.

Fig. 1.

Wellcomia mitchell.

(Drawing kindly lent by Dr. LL. W. Sambon.)

Female, lateral view.

The following table shows certain measurements (in

millimetres) of the females of the three species referred to,

the figures for W. evoluta being those given by Hall (1916):—

mitchell. evoluta. samboni.

Motaldlengthey cs csnts. eoeebee = 12-15 9-18 8:9-13°5

Maximum thickness ........ wee Over 1:0 0:67-1:0

Diameter of head’ “s. 6. ce» 6 af O-1-0°19 0:08-0:1

Hemet hol tam iia as ete ened pore 3-4. 1:72-2:58 1:9-4:0

Distance from ant. end to:

(1) posterior end of cesopha-

gus (excluding bulb).. ah 0°895-1:065 0°75-0°82

(2) mierve=rime it ce shcr ernie aa 0:095-0'155 0:13

(3) base of vaginal outgrowth. 2-3°5 4-5 11-2:]

Maximum diam. of cesophagus. oe 0:17-0:185 0-17-0:19

(Hsophageal bulb, length .. SE 0 225-0:275 0:2

1 ,, thickness... Ae 0°29-0-345 0-25

Vaginal outgrowth, length 2-3 Up to 1:9 1922-9

" ay max. thick-

Ne@SS;, 6 «' re 0:225 0:17-0:44

| 0:060-0°065 0:055-0-065 0:065-0-075

Ova, measurements ........ x x x

3 }0:028-0:032 0-025 0:03

Number of turns of | spiral

im ablkinesOR ball eee een [17 in figure} 18-24 14-20

* The measurement here given is the distance from the anus to the

tip of the tail.

some Parasitic Nematodes. — 497

From the presence of a vaginal outgrowth (“ conical ovi-

positor ” of Sambon) and of a long, spirally ornamented tail

in the female it seems safe to infer ahaa all the three forms

here mentioned should be placed in the same genus; and,

since these features, taken together, are highly characteristic,

we may retain ane generic name Wellcomia *, W. mitchelli,

Sambon, being the genotype.

Unfortunately our knowledge of the male is confined at

present to W. evoluta, as deseribed by Hall (1916).% In that

species there are in the male one pair of adanal and one pair

of postanal papille, a single, short, imperfectly chitinized

spicule, anda “ flask-shaped ” accessory piece. Slight alar

membranes extend between the adanal and postanal “papillae

of each side, and behind the postanal papille the tail

diminishes in diameter to a slender filament.

II.—A New SPECIES OF Ascaris FROM AN ARMADILLO.

Ascaris dasypodina, sp. n.

Host: Cabassous unicinctus [Dasypus gymnurus |.

Position : small intestine.

Locality: Paraguay. [The animal had been in captivity

in the Zoological Society’s Gardens, London, for twenty-one

days

For the material for this description the writer is again

indebted. to the Director of the Wellcome Bureau and to

Dr. Sambon, by whom it was collected.

The only species of ‘f Ascaris”’ recorded from Edentates

up to the present appear to be A. retusa, Rud., 1819,

A. manidis, Dies., 1851, and A. heringii, v. Linst., 1579.

A. retusa, which occurs in armadillos, is, according to

Schneider, a Heterakis. A. manidis and A. heringit (the

former of which may not be an Ascarid at all) are compara-

tively small forms. The present material consists of a single

male and three females of a large stout species which appears

to be new.

The male measures about 110 mm. in length and 2°2 mm.

in thickness; the females 113-155 mm. and 2°5-2°75 mm.

respectively. The cuticular striations are coarse, about

0°025 mm. apart. The lips are large and fleshy, and simple

in shape. ‘There are no interlabia. Well-marked marginal

dentigerous ridges are present on the lips; they end in

* The spelling of this name has been altered by some authors to

Welcomea or Welcomia.

498 Dr. H. A. Baylis on

salient angles posteriorly (fig. 2, a.). The dorsal lip (fig. 2)

has a transverse diameter of about 0°47 mm., and carries a

pair of double papillee at the ends of two bluntly rounded

outer lobes of the pulp. In each ventro-lateral lip these two

outer lobes of the pulp are unequal, the lateral lobe being

considerably longer than the ventral lobe. The latter carries

a large double papilla, while that of the former is small and

simple. The neck is wider than the head. The cesophagus

is very short (about 4 mm.), somewhat club-shaped, with a

maximum thickness near the posterior end of 0-7 mm. It is

muscular throughout and has no bulb or ventriculus. There

are no intestinal or oesophageal ceca. The nerve-ring is

situated at 1-1'15 mm. from the anterior end. The tail in

O/mmM.

Ascaris dasypodina. Dorsal lip, external aspect.

a., posterivr anele of dentigerous ridge; d.7., dentigerous ridge ;

? 5 5 panera ches) , 5D Lopsar)

psy papilla.

both sexes is bluntly rounded, and carries a small terminal

spike.

In the male the caudal end is curled ventrally in the usual

manner. The tail is extremely short (0°15 mm.). The

spicules are equal and short, measuring 1°25 mm. in length.

Owing to the fact that only one male is available, it has not

been found possible to obtain a ventral view of the caudal

end, but, as far as can be made out, there are nine pairs of

postanal papille, of which six pairs are subventral and lie

close together in the short space between the cloaca and the

tail-spike ; two pairs are laterally situated at about the level

of the cloaca, and of these the anterior is considerebly larger

some Parasitic Nematodes 499

than the posterior ; and in addition to these there appears to

be a subdorsal pair at the extremity of the tail. There are

at least thirty-three pairs of preanal papillee, arranged in a

close series on either side of the ventral surface. These have

rounded granular pulps, and are easily observed.

In the female the tail measures about 0°5 mm. in length.

The vulva is situated at, roughly, the anterior third of the

body—at 50 mm. from the anterior end ina specimen 155 mm.

long, and at 30 mm. in a specimen 113 mm. long. The

vagina, in the 113 mm. specimen, runs forward for about

6 mm., then bends sharply back upon itself and widens

rapidly into the unpaired portion of the uterus. This runs

back for a distance of about 12 mm. from the bend before

giving off the two uterine branches. Each of these, just

before its junction with the unpaired portion, has a slight

spindle-shaped swelling. ‘The branches of the uterus merely

follow a somewhat sinuous course for the greater part of their

length, but posteriorly they form one or two anteriorly-directed

loops. They pass into the oviducts at about 26 mm. from

the posterior end of the worm, The ovarian tubes are slender

and greatly convoluted, their coils extending posteriorly

almost to the extremity of the body, and anteriorly to within

22 mm. of the head-end. Their terminal portions are

posterior.

The eggs are roundish-oval, with a thick shell having a

granular surface-pattern and measuring 0:07—0°875 x 0 065-

0°07 mm. Many of them contain a fully-formed embryo,

but others taken from the unpaired portion of the uterus

show only segmentation-stages.

IIJ.—Note on T'wo SPECIES OF Porrocacum FROM BIRDS

[ P. ensicaudatum (Geder, 1800) and P. semiteres (Zeder,

1800) ].

In a previous paper [Baylis (1920)] the writer gave a

provisional list of species to be assigned to this genus, and

indicated P. ensicaudatum and P. semiteres as distinct forms.

The material available for the study of P. semiteres was very

scanty at the time; but an opportunity having recently

oceurred, through the kindness of my friend Capt. R.

Daubney, of examining new and well-preserved specimens

from Vancllus vanellus, it seems desirable to give a brief note

on the species. ‘The opportunity has also been taken of

comparing it with P. ensicaudatum, since there has been

some doubt as to whether the two forms were not identical.

500 Dr. H. A. Baylis on

v. Linstow (1884) regards Ascaris semiteres as a synonym

of A. ensicaudata, and gives an extensive list of hosts for

this species in consequence. His figures (1884) seem to

have been based on material really belonging to P. semiteres.

An examination of material from Vanellus vanellus, Turdus

merula and Sturnus vulgaris shows that it includes two forms

which, while possibly hardly more than subspecies, are never-

theless quite distinct and recognizable.

P. semiteres (Zeder, 1800), from Vanellus, differs from the

rest of the material (P. ensicaudatum) in (1) the presence of

Porrocecum semiteres. Dorsal lip, external aspect.

d.r., dentigerous ridge; ¢., interlabium ; p., papilla.

conspicuous lateral cervical ale; (2) the much better deve-

loped condition of the intestinal caecum (see figs. 5, 6); (3) the

much greater size of the lips in mature specimens (see

figs. 3, A) ; and (4) the length of the spicules of the male,

those of P. semiteres measuring 0°77-0°8 mm., while those of

P. ensicaudatum measure only 0°62-0°63 mm.

The shape of the pulp of the dorsal lip (figs. 3, 4) is very

similar in the two forms. Hach of the two main a ace

lobes has an indentation in its outline, and sends out a

outwardly and backwardly directed “horn.” In both cases

some Parasitic Nematodes. 5OL

there are deep grooves in the cuticle running from the inter-

labia to the base of each lip. The caudal papille of the male

(figs. 7, 8) in every case agree in number and arrangement,

and are found to be in accordance with the figure given by

v, Linstow (1884). The figure given by Schneider (1866)

for Ascaris ensicaudata is incomplete, the four small pairs of

ventral postanal papille having been omitted. ‘These are

very minute and by no means easy to detect in some specimens.

The number (eight) of pairs of postanal papilla given by

v. Linstow (1909) for “ Ascaris ensicaudata” seems to be

crroneous. In both forms the vulva divides the body nearly

in the proportion of 2:3. There is no appreciable difference

Fig. 4.

———$_$_________4

O'lMnN,

Porrocecum ensicaudatum. Dorsal lip, external aspect.

Lettering as in fig. 3,

in the arrangement of the female organs, and the eggs are of

the same dimensions (about 0°1 x 0°075 mm.).

No difference could be detected between the material from

blackbirds and that from starlings. As has been implied

already, cervical alze are absent in P. ensicaudatum. This is

contrary to the statements of some authors (Zeder, Rudolphi,

Dujardin), who have described what was presumably the

same species, and this discrepancy is difficult to explain. In

order to confirm this point, transverse sections, taken close to

the head, of the two species were compared, and, while in

502 Dr. H. A. Baylis on

P. semiteres the alee stood out as prominent triangular struc-

tures in the sections, in P. ensicaudatum no such structures

Fig. 5.

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Fig. 5.—Porrocecum semiteres. Posterior: portion of cesophagus and

anterior portion of intestine. ¢., intestinal ceecum; zt., in-

testine ; oes., oesophagus ; v., ventriculus,

Fig. 6.—Porrocecum ensicaudatum, Posterior portion of cesophagus and

anterior portion of intestine. Lettering as in fig. 5 (in this case

the ceecum (c.) is rudimentary).

could be seen. In P. ensicaudatum also the intestinal caecum

(fig. 6, c.) is usually quite rudimentary, and never appears to

some Parasitic Nematodes, 503

equal or exceed the ventriculus in length, as it does in

P. semiteres (fig. 5, ¢.).

As regards the nomenclature of these two species, that for

which the name enstcaudatum has been used may or may uot

be identical with that named Ascaris sturnt by Gmelin,

1790. The only indication of Gmelin’s species is the mention

of the host, but he regarded the form from the starling and

Porrocecum semiteres. Tail of male ; ventral view, showing

postanal papillee.

that from thrushes as distinct, giving them the names sturni

and turdi respectively. If it could be definitely shown that

the species ensicaudata and sturni are identical, then sturné

would apparently have to be taken as the name of the

species*. In view of the unsatisfactory definition of

* Ascaris teres, Goeze, 1782, is a collective species, and therefore

inadmissible,

504 On some Parasitic Nematodes.

A. sturni, it seems advisable to retain the well-known name

ensicaudatum. P. heteroura (Creplin, 1829) is in all

probability a synonym of P, semiteres (Zeder, 1800), and not

a distinct species,

Fig. 8.

Porrocecum ensicaudatum. Tail of male; ventral view, showing

postanal papille.

REFERENCES.

Bayuis, H. A. 1920. “ On the Classification of the Asc . The

Systematic Value of certain Characters of the Alimentary Canal.”

Parasitology, xii. 8, p. 253.

BATE EAC. 1916. “ Nematode Parasites of Mammals of the Orders

Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea.” Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus.

apse

Linstow, O. von. 1884. “ Helminthologisches.” Arch. f. Naturg. 1.

Bd. 1. p. 125.

——. 1899. “Nematoden aus der Berliner zoologischen Sammlung,”

Mitt. Zool. Mus, Berlin, i. 2, p. 5

——. 1909. ‘ Parasitische Nematoden,” in Brauer, ‘ Die Siisswasser-

fauna Deutschlands,’ Jena, Heft 15.

Sampon, L. W. 19074. Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. (March 26) p. 15.

——. 19070. “ Descriptions of some new Species of Animal Parasites.”

Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 282.

ScunempER, A. 1866. ‘Monographie der Nematoden,’ Berlin.

Smiry, A.J. 1908. ‘Synopsis of Studies in Metazoan Parasitology in

McManes Laboratory of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania.”

Univ. Pennsyly. Med. Bull. Philadelphia, xx. 12, p. 262.

On new or little-known Tipulidee. DOD

LViIT.—New or little-known Tipulidee (Diptera).—X. Aus-

tralasian Species. By Cuartes P. Avexanper, Ph.D.,

F.E.S., Urbana, linois, U.S.A.

THE present instalment, like the last, considers only species

from New Zealand, supplementary to those included in

Mr. Edwards’s monographic treatment of the crane-flies of

this Dominion. The material discussed herein was received

from Dr. Campbell, Mr. Gourlay, Mr. Harris, Mr. Howes,

Mr. Lyndsay, Mr. Philpott, Dr. Tillyard, and Mr. Watt, to

all of whom I would express my sincere appreciation and

thanks. The holotypes of the species described herein are

preserved in the writer’s collection, except where noted

otherwise.

Dicranomyia tarsalba, sp. u.

Basal segment of the antenna yellow; mesono!um greyish

brown, an brownish black sublaterally, the lateral margins

of the preescutum conspicuously yellow ; ; pleura yellow an

a broad, dark brown, longitudinal stripe ; terminal segments

of tarsi snowy white; wings dusky, stigma dark brown;

anal angle of wing almost lacking.

Male.— Length 3°6-3°8 mm. ; wing 5°2-5°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Anteune with the

first segment of the scape conspicuously light yellow, the

remainder brownish black. Anterior part of vertex obscure

yellow, the remainder of the head dark grey pruinose.

Pronotum dark, the scutelluin yellow. Mesonotal pree-

scutum greyish brown, passing into dark brownish black

sublaterally, the lateral margins broadly yellowish white ;

scutum and scutellum greyish brown, brownish black

laterally ; postnotum dark brown, sparsely pruinose.

Pleura yellow with a very conspicuous, black, longitudinal

stripe extending from the propleura to the abdomen,

Halteres elongate, dark brown. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters obscure yellow ; femora pale brown, the tips

dark brown; tibiz black ; metatarsi black basally, this

including about two-thirds of the fore metatarsi, a little

more than one-half of the posterior metatarsi; remainder of

the tarsi snowy white. Wings with a dusky suffusion, more

accentuated in the prearcular cells, cells C and Sc, the outer

ends of cells 2nd R, and R, and the base of cell Cu ; stigma

conspicuous, oval, dark browu; anal angle of the wing

conspicuously whitened ; a less distinct whitish area before

Ann. & Mag#N. Mist. Ser. 9. -Vol, ix. Od

506 Dr. CG. P. Alexander on

and beyond the stigma; veins black. Anal angle of the

wing almost lacking. Venation : Se, ending a_ short

distance beyond the origin of Rs, Sc. a corresponding

distance before this origin, Sc; alone about equal to 7-m ;

r a little shorter than the distal section of R, ; Rs feebly

angulated at origin, about one-half longer than the deflection

of Ry,5; cell lst M, open hy the atrophy of m; basal

deflection of Cu, immediately beyond the fork of ™.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites paler

brown; hypopygium dark.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, November 10,

NO 21CE. A, Harré):

Paratopotypes,2 3 3.

It is possible that the present species is more properly

referable to the subgenus Thrypticomyia, Skuse.

Dicranomyva atrovitiata, sp. n.

Head dark grey; antenne black, the second scapal

segment conspicuously pale brown; mesonotal prescutum

with three brownish-black stripes, the lateral stripes

extending to the lateral margins of the sclerite ; pleura dark

brown ; femora with a pale brown subterminal ring ; wings

pale yellow, the stigma nearly black ; cord, outer end of

cell lst M,, and vein Cu seamed with brown; wing-tip

broadly infuscated; abdomen yellow, the lateral margins

conspicuously and abruptly dark brown.

Female.—Length 9 mm. ; wing 8°5 mm.

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Rostrum moderately elongate, but much shorter than

in D. huttoni, Edwards, dark brown, including the palpi.

Antenne black, the second scapal segment conspicuously

paler, light brown; second scapal segment subpyriform ;

flagellar segments oval with short necks. Head dark grey,

the anterior part of the vertex lighter grey.

Pronotum dark. Mesonotal preescutum obscure reddish

yellow with three brownish-black stripes ; median stripe not

attaining the suture; lateral stripes crossing the suture and

suffusing the cephalic half of the scutal lobes, these stripes

very broad, on the prascutum extended laterad to the

margin of the sclerite; median area of scutum reddish

yellow, faintly and indistinctly darkened; scutellum con-

spicuously yellow; postnotum dark brown on caudal half.

Pleura dark brown, the caudal margin of the propleura

new or little-known Tipulidae. 507

obseure yellow ; posterior pleurites obscure yellow; meso-

sternum dark brown. Halteres pale, the knobs brown.

Legs with the coxz yellow, the cephalic face infuscated,

darkest on the fore coxee; trochanters yellow ; femora

obscure yellow, with a narrow, indistinct, brown, subter-

minal ring ; remainder of the legs pale brown, the terminal

tarsal segments blackened ; claws conspicuously toothed.

Wings pale yellow, cells Cand Se a little brighter; stigma

very conspicuous, almost black; narrow, dark brown seams

at tip of Se, origin of Rs, along the cord, outer end of cell

lst Md, and along vein Cu; wing-tip very broadly and con-

spicuously darkened, the colour continued basad almost to

the level of the outer end of cell lst M,; veins brown,

darker in the infuscated areas. Venation: Sc, ending a

short distance beyond the origin of Rs, Sc, about twice its

length from the tip of Sc,;; Rs gently arcuated at origin ;

cell ls¢ M, unusually elongate, rectangular ; basal deflection

of Cu, near one-fourth the length of cell lst M/..

Abdominal tergites yellow, segments 1 and 8 brighter

yellow ; base of segment 2 and the broad lateral margins

of tergites 2 to 7 conspicuously dark brown ; tergites each

with four brown dots arranged in the form of a broad V,

more evident on tergites 2 to 6; sternites obscure

yellow, the second segment infuscated ; sternites 2 to 7

with a pair of brown dots near mid-length. Ovipositor

with the valves elongate, horn-coloured, blackened at base.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 2, Governor’s Bay, Banks Peninsula, Cauter-

bury, October 5, 1921 (J. W. Campbell).

Dicranomyia reversalis, sp. n.

General coloration yellow, the preescutum with three con-

fluent dark brown stripes ; pleura dark brown with a large

yellow area on the mesopleura; wings greyish subhyaline,

stigma dark brownish black ; narrow brown seams along

the cord; abdominal segments bicolorous, the base of each

brown, the apex broadly yellow.

Male.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 65 mm.

Female.—Length about 5°5 mm. ; wing 6°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black, the flagellar

segments of the male elongate-oval. Head grey.

Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal przscutum obscure

yellowish pollinose, with three confluent, dark brown

stripes ; scutal lobes dark brown, the median area yellow ;

33*

508 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

scutellum testaceous; postnotum brown. Pleura dark

brown, including the ventral half of the lateral sclerite of

the postnotum ; a large and conspicuous obscure yellow blotch

on the mesepisternum and mesosternum, ventrad of the wing-

root. Halteres brownish testaceous, the extreme base

yellowish. Legs with the coxe and trochanters obscure

greenish yellow; femora dark brown, more yellowish basally ;

remainder of the legs dark brown; claws with a long, slender,

subbasal tooth. Wings greyish subhyaline, the stigma

conspicuous, dark brownish black ; paler brown seams at Sco,

origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell lsé M, ;

veins dark brown, paler in the infuscated areas, the veins here

appearing somewhat bullate. Venation : Sc; ending opposite

the origin of Rs, Sc. some distance from the tip of Se,, the

latter alone about one-third longer than the basal deflection

of Cu,; 2s about one-half longer than the basal deflection

of R,,5; cell lst M, small; basal deflection of Cu, before

the fork of J/, the distance about equal to r—m.

Abdomen bicolorous, the basal half of the tergites brown,

the apical half yellow, the brown narrower on the basal

segments, becoming more extensive posteriorly, on the

seventh aud eighth segments only the narrow caudal margins

are bright yellow ; sternites similar, but the brown bases are

correspondingly narrower. Ventral appendages of the

hypopygium tinged with green, the rostriform appendage

with two spines.

Female similar to the male. Tips of the femora indis-

tinctly yellowish. Basal deflection of Cu, at the fork of M.

Ovipositor with the valves long and slender.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 10,

1920 (7. Rh. Harris).

Allotype, ¢, Taihape, October 12, 1921 (7. R. Harris).

Dicranomyia reversalis is related to D). vicarians, Schiner,

but is readily told by the reversal of coloration of the

abdomiual segments.

Dicranomyia hemimelas, sp. n.

General coloration yellow ; mesonotal prascutum shiny

black with broad lateral margins of the ground-colour ;

anterior part of vertex silvery ; wings fulvous brown, the

stigma slightly darker brown ; abdominal sternites obscure

yellow.

Male.—Length 5°8 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Female.— Length about 6°5 mm.; wing 8 mm.

new or little-known Tipulide. 509

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black, the flagellar

segments oval. Head dull grey ; a conspicuous area on the

vertex behind the antenne covered with abundant, silver-

white, appressed pubescence,

Pronotum black. Mesonotal prescutum yellow with

three confluent black stripes, the lateral margins of the

sclerite broadly yellow ; scutal lobes black, the median area

obscure yellow; scutellum pale brown, sparsely grey

pruinose, more yellowish beneath ; postnotum dark, sparsely

pruinose. Pleura obscure yellow, the mesopleura very

faintly pruinose. Halteres brown, the base of the stem

narrowly yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the

cox and trochanters yellow; remainder of the legs dark

brown, the femoral bases obscure yellow. Wings with a

uniform fulvous-brown tinge, the stigma slightly darker

brown ; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, ending opposite

or just beyond the origin of Rs, Sc. retreated toward the

wing-base, Sc, slightly variable in length, m the holotype

being longer than the basal deflection of R,,;, in others a

little shorter ; basal deflection of Cu, at or just before the

fork of M.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites obscure

yellow; hypopygium dark. Male hypopygium with the

rostriform appendage bearing two stout, subequal, slightly

separated spines. Ovipositor with the valves elongate.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 6, Dun Mt., Nelson, altitude 3000 feet,

_January 6, 1921 (A. Philpott).

Allotopotype, 2, February 9, 1921 (R. J. Tillyard).

Paratopotype, 2.

Type in the collection of the Cawthron Institute.

Dicranomyia multispina, sp. n.

General coloration shiny brownish yellow ; antenne

black ; head brown ; wings tinged with brown, the stigma

oval, darker brown ; Se ending opposite or just beyond the

origin of fs; abdominal tergites brown or indistinctly

bicolorous ; rostriform appendage of male hypopygium with

a fascicle of about nine spines.

Male.—Length 6 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Female.—Length 8 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Rostrum brown, the palpi dark brown. Antenne black.

Head brown.

Pronotum dark medially. Mesonotal preescutum shiny

obseure vellow or brownish yellow, the median darker stripe

510 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

indicated only posteriorly ; scutal lobes and postnotum

slightly darker. Pleura obscure brownish testaceous.

Halteres brown, the base of the stem paler. Legs with the

coxze pale yellowish brown ; trochanters testaceous ; femora

and tibize pale brown, the tarsi darker. Wings with a

strong brown tinge, the stigma oval, darker brown ; veins

dark brown. Venation : Se, ending opposite or just beyond

the origin of Rs, Sc. some distance com the tip of Se, the

latter Blune variable, from one-half to nearly as long as

the basal deflection of Cu,; cell lst M, closed, the ee

deflection of Cu, at the fork of M.

Abdomen pale brown, the sternites a little more yellowish.

Usually both sternites and tergites appear faintly bicolorous,

the bases being paler than the dark brown caudal margins

of the segments. Male hypopygium with the rostriform

appendage bearing, instead of the usual two spines, a fascicle

of about nine such spines, the apex of the appendage

beyond these spines long and slender.

Hab. New Zealand (both Islands).

Holotype, 8, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 1 ¢.

1921 (T. R. Harris).

Allotype, 2, Governor’s Bay, Banks Peninsula, Canter-

bury, October 5, 1921 (J. W. Campbell) ; alcoholie.

Paratopotype, 1 3; paratypes, 15 8 2, with the allotype,

alcoholic ; 1 ¢, Dunedin (Waitati), Otago, October 24

1921 (MW. N. Wait).

Molophilus luteipygus, sp. n.

General coloration pale reddish brown ; front yellow,

vertex and occiput brownish grey ; scutellum obscure yellow ; :

postnotum and pleura dark brown; halteres yellow; wings

with a strong yellow tinge ; vein | nd A elongate ; abdomen

dark brown, ‘the hy ypopygium obscure yellow.

Male. —Length 2 ‘8 mm. ; wing 3°8 mm.

Female.—Length 3 mm. ; wing 4—4°1 mm.

Rostrum pale brown, the palpi darker brown. Front

yellow. Antenne dark brown, short, the flagellar segments

oval with conspicuous verticils. Vertex and occiput dark

brownish grey.

Pronotal scutellum almost white. Mesonotal preescutum

reddish brown without distinct markings, more greyish

laterally ; scutum with the median area broadly obscure

yellow, the lobes dark brown; scutellum obscure brownish

yellow, darker basally ; postnotum dark brown. Pleura

dark brown. Halteres vellow, the knobs very conspicuous,

new or little-known 'Tipulidee. 51L

light yellow. Legs with the coxee and trochanters obscure

yellowish testaceous ; remainder of the legs very pale

brownish yellow, only the terminal tarsal segments conspicu-

ously infuscated. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge ;

veins pale brown, Se, R, R,,5, and Cu more yellowish.

Venation: basal deflection of Cu, one-half longer than the

deflection of M;,, and conspicnously arcuated ; vein 2nd A

elongate, ending opposite mid-length of the acl detlection

of Cu.

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopyginm obscure lght

yellow. Male hypopygium with the basal pleural appendage

a long straight rod, enlarged at base, the apex somewhat

pomted, the apical quarter of the appendage sparsely pro-

vided with weak spines. Apical appendage a similar straight

arm, the apex bifid by a deep U-shaped notch, the mesal arm

a conspicuous, nearly straight, black spine, the lateral arm

stouter, at its tip bent at an angle into a conspicuous spine

directed mesad to almost touch the mesal arm ; apex of

pleurite on mesal side produced into a slender chitinized

spine.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921 (G.

Howes).

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratopotypes, 4 3 3, November 26—December 14, 1921 ;

paratypes, 2 6 6, 1 &, Waipori, December 5, 1921 (G.

Howes); 2 8 3, Mt. Fitsgerald, Banks Peninsula, Canter-

bury, January 24, 1922 (B. S. Gour lay); R. R.

Molophilus terminans, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown, the humeral region of the

preescutum obscure yellow ; antenne short; halteres yellow ;

male hypopygium with the two pleural appendages terminal

in position.

Male.—Length about 3 mm. ; wing 4°8 mm.

Female.—Length about 4 mm. ; wing 5 mm,

Rostrum and “palpi dark brown. Antenne short, dark

brown. Head greyish brown with conspicuous yellow setee.

Mesonotum dark brown, the humeral triangle obscure

yellow ; lateral margins of preescutum narrowly yellow ;

remainder of the mesonotum paler brown. Pleura brown.

Halteres conspicuously light yellow, the knobs very bright.

Legs with the coxe and trochanters pale brownish

testaceous ; femora pale brown ; tibize and tarsi dark brown.

Wings with a faint yellowish-brown tinge ; veins pale brown,

512 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

the macrotrichiz dark brown. Venation: vein 2nd A long,

sinuiotis, ending opposite the fork of Cu.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the pleural

appendages terminal in position, consisting of an outer

flattened blade that terminates in an acute beak, the surface

with a short dense pubescence ; inner appendage longer than

the outer, very slender, feebly sinuous, the tip slightly

enlarged and with a few weak denticles; mesal face of

pleurite grooved to receive the pleural appendages. Penis-

enard very long and slender, straight.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, November 13,

1921 (7. R. Harris).

Allotopotype, 2, November 6, 192].

Paratopotypes, 1 3,2 2 ¢, November 15, 1921.

NorHopHiLa, gen. nov.

Autenne with sixteen segments ; flagellar segments elon-

gate-oval with short verticils that are shorter than the seg-

iments that bear them. Halteres elongate. Wings with Sc

usually long, ending beyond the end of Rs (nebu/osa, Edwards)

to opposite the fork of Ry,3 (fuseana, Edwards) ; Se, at the

tip of Sc, and subequal to it ; 7 close to the tip of R, and

on R, beyond mid-length ; Ry,; as long as, or longer than,

the basal deflection of Cu,; cell M, present; anterior

arculus atrophied. Abundant macrotrichiv in all the cells

distad of the cord, as well as in the centres of cells C,

Is¢ R,, and R, and the distal ends of cells M, Cu, and 1st A.

Valves of the ovipositor moderately elongate, the slender

tergal valves geutly upcurved.

Genotype :—Ulomurpha fuscana, Wdwards (New Zealand).

The two New Zealand species that Edwards has referred

to Ulomorpha are not congeneric with the five Nearctic

species of the genus. Ulomorpha has vein Sc shorter, Sc,

ending before the fork of Rs; 7 far removed from the tip of

R,, on Ry before mid-length ; cell Ay sessile or very short-

petiolate; cell M4, present or (usually) absent; arculus

complete. Verticils of the flagellum elongate as in Pé/aria.

The relation of Nothophila to other generalized Hexatomine

eenera in New Zealand is apparently analogous to that of

Ulomorpha to Pilaria, Sintenis.

Limnopuina, Macquart.

MetTaLIMNOPHILA, subgen. nov.

Characters as in Limnophila, s.s. Antenne elongate.

new or little-known Tipulidee. 513

M:le hypopygium very complicated in structure, the mesal

and apical faces of the pleurites produced into lobes ; eighth

sternite bearing two apical rows of spines. Ovipositor with

the tergal vi ae: very short, strongly upeurved, with a basal

spur or tooth on the dorsal side.

Type of the subgenus :—Limnophila howest, sp. n. (New

Zealand).

The group also includes Limnophila mirifica, Alexander

(North Island), L. nigroapicata, sp. n., and L. producta, sp. un.

The very peculiar structure of the ovipositor probably indi-

cates a specialized method of egg-laying.

Limnophila (Metalimnophila) howesi, sp. n.

General coloration grey ; antennze of male elongate ;

mesonotal prescutum obscure yellow with three brown

stripes; pleura with a dark brownish-black dorsal stripe ;

wings tinged with brown ; stigma conspicuous, dark brown ;

male hypopygium with the apex of each pleurite produced

into a short broad lobe; outer pleural appendage clavate,

terminating in a blackened hook-like spine ; gonapophyses

sinuous. Kighth sternite with two conspicuous rows of

five spines each.

Male.—Length 6 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Female.—Length 7°5-8 mm. ; wing 8°3-9°2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne elongate, if

bent backward extending to mid-length of the abdomen ;

flagellum black, the se: apal segments a little paler; flagellar

Beethents dlonsate- eylindrical: Head dark grey

Mesonotal prescutum obscure yellow with three ill-defined

brown stripes that are confluent behind; scutum dark

brown ; scutelium and postnotum light grey. Pleura grey

with a conspicuous brownish-black longitudinal stripe

extending from the cervical sclerites across the dorsal

pleurites, passing dorsad of the halteres ; dorsal margin of

this stripe ill-defined. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the

coxre and trochanters light yellow, the fore coxe a little

darker; legs brown, the femoral tips narrowly darkened. .

Wings with a strong brown tinge, highly iridescent, the

stigma well-defined, oval, darker brown; veins conspicuous,

dark brown. Venation: Se long, Se, ending opposite the

deflection of Ry,;, Sc, a little longer than Sc,; Rs long,

arcuated or feebly angulate at origin ; r—m proximad of the

deflection of Ry,5; ARy,3in alignment with Rs, alittle longer

than the deflection of Ry,; 3 AR, not conspicuously angulated

at origin ; 7 near mid-distance between the fork of Ry,3; and

514 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

the tip of Ay; veins R, and R; generally parallel, so cell

2nd R, is very wide at margin; petiole of cell M, only a

little longer than the cell; basal deflection of Cu, near

mid-length of cell lst M3.

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium only a little paler.

Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite not produced into

lobes, the margin with a very broad notch; pleurites at

apex on mesal face produced into a short subquadrate lobe

that is truncated apically; on mesal face near mid-length

the pleurites are produced into a smaller lobe that is trun-

cated at apex. Quter pleural appendage clavate, the apex

a squat, black, hook-like spine with a smaller subterminal

spine ; inner pleural appendage very small, pale, broadest

basally. Eighth sternite with two conv ergent rows of five

spines each. Gonapophyses sinuous, together appearing

lyriform.

!lab. New Zealand (South Island),

Holotype, 38, Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921

(G. Howes).

Allotopotype, 2, November 26, 1921.

Paratopotypes, 9 & &, with the allotype ; paratypes, 1 6,

Leo) Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-1500 feet, in

beech forest, November 27, 1921 (Campbell and Lyndsay).

This species is named in honour of the coilector, Mr. W.

George Howes, to whom I am greatly indebted for many .

Tipulidee from Otago.

Limnophila (Metalimnophila) producta, sp. n.

Male.—Length 5°5 mm.; wing 7 mm.

Female—Length 6:3 mm.; wing 7°5 mm.

Generally similar to ZL. howesi, sp. n., differing as

follows :—

Size smaller. Basal flagellar segments indistinctly pale

at ends. Median prescutal stripe distinctly divided by a

pale median line. Pleural black line very distinct, rather

narrow, both the dorsal and ventral margins very clear-cut.

. Legs with the femoral apices narrowly blackened. Wings

not so strongly tinged with brown, the stigma pale brown

but well-defined. Venation: Rs shorter than LL. howesi ;

petiole of cell J/, variable in length, from one-fourth to a

little more than one-half longer than the cell.

Caudal margin of the ninth ter gite of the male hypo-

pygium with two elongate, slender, slightly divergent lobes,

separated by a deep U-shaped median notch. Pleurites at

base on mesal face produced into a large tumid lobe, these

new or little-known Tipulidee. 515

lobes contiguous on the median line ; apex of each pleurite

produced into a long slender arm directed mesad and

slightly caudad, longer than the pleurite itself, the apex

slightly enlarged ; two pleural appendages, the outermost

bifid, bearing a conspicuous lobule before the apex ; inner

appendage a flattened, irregular, pale blade. Gonapophyses

appearing as long, slender, straight, divergent rods. Eighth

sternite with two narrow convergent rows of black spines,

there being about a dozen small spines in each row. Ovi-

positor with the tergal valves very short and strongly

upcurved, the ventral margin at base microscopically

serrulate.

fab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, &, Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921

(G. Howes).

Allotupotype, 2 .

Paratopotypes, 2 § G6, with the type; 6 ¢@¢, 1 2,

November 26, 1921.

Limnophila (Metalimnophila) nigroapicata, sp. n.

Antenne elongate; general coloration grey; mesonotal

prescutum with three brown stripes; pleura with a dark

brown longitudinal stripe ; halteres elongate, light yellow ;

femora and tibiz yellow, conspicuously tipped with black ;

wings yellowish subhy aline, veins pale; siigma very faintly

indicated ; ots comparatively short ; abdomen dark brown ;

tergal valves of ovipositor very sort and strongly upcurved.

emale.—Length 7°2 mm.; wing 7°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne elongate for the

female sex, dark brown; flagellar se:ments elongate ; the

antennee of the male are undoubtedly elongate. Head yel-

lowish grey.

Mesonotal preescutum yellowish grey with three con-

spicuous brown stripes, the median stripe feebly bisected

by a paler line; cephalic margin of prascutum narrowly

dark brown ; tuberculate pits lacking ; scutum light grey,

the lobes darker grey; scutellum almost white ; postnotum

grey. Pleura grey ; a conspicuous dark brown longitudinal

stripe extending from the cervical sclerites, dorsad of the

fore coxa, to the postnotum. MHalteres elongate, light

yellow. Legs with the coxz yellow, the fore cox infus-

cated; trochanters obscure yellow ; femora obscure yellow,

the tips narrowly blackened ; tibize and metatarsi yellowish

testaceous, the tips more narrowly blackened ; remainder

of the tarsi brownish black. Wings yellowish subhyaline ;

516 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

stigma very faintly indicated ; veins pale brown. Venation :

Sc, longer than Sc, ending immediately before the end

of Rs ; Rs rather short, gently arcuated at origin, in align-

ment with Roi.3 3 Re subperpendicular and angulated

origin ; 7 faint, a little more than twice its length beyond

the fork of Ry,,; cells R3, Rs, and lst M, in alignment; a

spur on 7-m, jutting into cell R; petiole of cell Jf, a little

less than twice the cell; cell Ist M, elongate, gently

widened distally ; basal deflection of Cu, near wire length of

the caudal face of cell 1st M,; vein 2nd A ending Before the

level of Rs.

Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with the tergal valves

usually short, very strougly upcurved, the tips acute.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 2? , Taihape, Wellington Province, October 14,

POD ee Ears).

Limnophila deviata, sp. n.

General coloration light reddish brown; head grey ;

halteres yellow; legs dark brown, the femoral bases narrowly

obscure yellow; wings yellowish subhyaline ; veins R, and

Rk, divergent, cell R, being very wide at wing-margin ; male

hypopygium with two small pleural appendages, the outer

one bifid at apex.

Male.—Uength about 4°55 mm.; wing 5°6 mm,

Female.— Length 5°6-6 mm.; wing 6°3-6°4 mm.

Rostrum small, dark brown; palpi brownish_ black.

Antennz short in both sexes; scapal segments obscure

brownish yellow beneath, dark brown above ; flagellum

dark brownish black, the segments oval. Head grey, the

centre of the vertex slightly vaininecortiad

Mesonotal prescutum light reddish brown without distinet

markings ; tuberculate pits present, elongate; remainder

of mesonotum pale reddish brown. Pleura pale brownish

yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxe and tro-

chanters concolorous with the pleura; remainder of legs

dark brown, the bases narrowly obscure yellow. Wines

yellowish subhyaline, iridescent, the base and costal margin

paler ; stigma indistinct; veins pale brownish yellow.

Venation: Sc, ending beyond the fork of Rs, Se, close to

the tip of Se, and ahout equal to it; Rs long, arcuated at

origin, in alignment with Ry.3; 7 lacking or barely indi-

eatedn Ro13 about one-half longer than the deflection of

R,,53 veins R, and R&R; divergent, cell R, at margin being

only a little wider than cell Rs, cell R, correspondingly

new or little-known Tipulidee. 517

widened; inner ends of cells R3, R;, and 1st M, in oblique

alignment ; cell M, small, about one-half the length of its

petiole ; cell 1s¢ M, small, the basal deflection of Cu, near

one-third its length; vein 2nd A ending nearly opposite

the origin of Rs.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with two small

pleural appendages, the outer appendage chitinized, with a

small spine immediately before the slender apex; inner

pleural appendage a little shorter, slender, fleshy. Ovi-

positor with the tergal valves elongate, gently upcurved.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Greymouth, sea-level, September 7, 1921

(POR. Harris).

Allotopotype, 2 , September 6, 1921.

Paratopotype, 2 , September 7, 1921.

Limnophila exclusa, sp. 0.

Mesonotum yellowish grey with three dark brown stripes ;

antennee short ; pleura light grey ; wings tinged with yellow,

sparsely marked with brown ; R,,; long; cell M, lacking.

Male.—Length 11 mm.; wing 11 mm.

Female.—Length 12 mm.; wing 105 mm.

Rostruin and palpi black. “ Antenne short, the basal seg-

ment dark pruinose. Head grey, tle centre of the vertex

extensively infuscated, restricting the ground-colour to

narrow margins adjoining the eyes. :

Mesonotal preescutum yellowish grey with three conspicuous

dark brown stripes, the median stripe split caudally; scutum

and scutellum light grey, the scutal lobes infuscated ; post-

notum light grey. Pleura light grey. Halteres yellow.

Legs with the coxee obscure yellow, sparsely pruinose ; tro-

chanters obscure yellow; femora and tibiz brown, the tips

passing into black ; metatarsi dark brown, the tips blackened ;

tarsi black. Wings with a yellowish tinge, more saturated

at the base and in the costal region ; stigma conspicuous,

brown; a brown seam at origin of Rs; narrow brown seams

along the cord and outer end of cell ls¢ M2; in the type

the outer end of cell /, is strongly infuscated; vein Cu and

the wing-margin less distinctly infuscated; veins dark

brown, more yellowish in the costal region. Venation: Sc,

ending just before the end of Rs, Sc, at the tip of Sc, ; Rs

long, angulated and spurred at origin; R.,3 long, only a

little shorter than R,; ra little more than its length from

the tip of R, and on R, less than its length beyond the fork

of R,,3; cells 23, R;, and 1st M, in oblique alignment ;

518 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

r—-m long, arcuated ; cell M, lacking ; cell Ist M, elongate,

widened distally, m about one-half the outer deflection of

M.,; basal deflection of Cu; about its own length beyond the

fork of M; anterior arculus preserved.

Abdominal tergites light brown, in the female darker

brown; hypopygium concolorous with abdomen. Ovi-

positor very long and slender, yellowish horn-colour.

Hab. New Zealand (both Islands).

Holotype, 3, Charteris Bay, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury,

November 12, 1921 (J. W. Campbell).

Allotype, 2, Ohakune, altitude about 2060 feet, November

12) 192) Gi. kh. Harris),

The holotype was associated with Aphrophila neozelandica

(Edwards) and Dicranomyia fasciata, Hutton, on the lee

side of rocks amidst rough foaming water.

Gynoplistia hirtamera, sp. nu.

General coloration shiny black ; antennz with fifteen seg-

ments; flagellar segments 1 to 8 long-flabellate; all coxee hight

brown; wings subhyaline with a conspicuous brown pattern,

including the cord, outer end of cell lst Mg, bases of cells

and M, origin of Rs, a large spot in cell J/ aud another in

cells Cu and 1st 4; wing-apex not darkened ; cell 2nd R, at

margin equal in width to cell &,; vem 2nd A ending far

before the level of the origin of Rs; male hypopygium with

each gonapophyse terminating in a dense brush of long

yellow sete.

Male.—Length 7°75 mm. ; wing 6°38 mm.

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Rostrum black, the palpi dark brownish black. Antennee

15-segmented, the formula bemg 2+2+6+4+5; antenne

dark brown, the basal two flagellar segments indistinctly

paler at ends; flagellar branches very long, the longest

from three-fifths to two-thirds the entire flagellum; eighth

flagellar segment with a pectination that is at least three

times the length of the segment; terminal flagellar seg-

ment elongate, one-half longer than the penultimate. [ead

shiny black.

Mescnotal preescutum shiny black, the humeral region

restrictedly reddish brown; scutal lobes black, the median

area reddish brown; scutellum reddish brown with two

confluent dark brown spots at base, on either side of the

median line; postnotum black. Pleura dark brownish

black ; no pruinosity can be detected in the alcoholic type.

Halteres pale yellow throughout. Legs with coxz uniform

new or little-known Tipulidae. 519

yellowish brown, the fore coxse darker basally ; trochanters

obscure brownish yellow; femora light brown, the tips

broadly brownish black; tibia dark brown, the tips

blackened ; tarsi black. Wings rather broad, subhyaline ;

cells C and Sc yellowish ; a conspicuous dark brown pattern

distributed as follows: bases of cells R and M; a large

subcircular area at origin of Rs, remote from vein M;

stigmal area large, sending a broad cloud along the cord,

ending in a large blotch at the tip of Cu,; a large cloud at

m; a conspicuous oval area beyond mid-length of cell M;

an infuscation in centre of cell Cu, crossing vein lst A into

cell 1s¢ A immediately above the end of vein 2nd A; wing-

tip not darkened ; veins dark brown. Venation: 7 at or

before mid-length of vein R,, cell 2nd R, being unusually

wide at the margin, equal to cell R,; R, strongly angulated

at origin ; m short to very short, constricting the adjoining

veins; petiole of cell M, about two-thirds the cell; basal

deflection of Cu, at from one-half to two-thirds the length

of cell lst M, ; vein 2nd A short, ending considerably before

the level of the origin of Rs.

Abdomen brownish black. Male hypopygium with the

apex of each pleurite produced into a short blade as in this

group of species ; mesal face of pleurite at base produced

into a conspicuous, flattened, glabrous blade directed caudad

and slightly mesad, the apex obtusely rounded ; mesal apical

angle of pleurite likewise produced into a small blunt lobe

that bears a few conspicuous sete ; inner pleural appendage

dilated at apex. Gonapophyses broad at base, narrow at

apex, which is split into a dense brush of long yellow hairs.

Hab, New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Waitati, Pipetine, Otago, October 29, 1921

(G. Howes).

Gynoplistia niveicincta, sp. n.

General coloration shiny brownish yellow ; head shiny

black; antennze 20-segmented; femora yellow, the tips

broadly and abruptly blackened; posterior tibize with a

narrow, clearly-defined, whitish ring beyond mid-length, the

sete on this pure white; wings nearly hyaline, cells Sc

and Sc; entirely dark brown; abdomen with intense purple

reflections, the hypopygium obscure reddish yellow.

Male.—Length 10 mm.; wing 8°3 mm.

Rostrum very short, black ; first segment of palpi obscure

yellow, the remainder dark brown. Antenne with the first

segment yellow, the apex darker; second scapal segment

520 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

dark brown; flagellar segments, including the pecti-

nations, black ; antennae 20-segmented, the formula being

24241343; the pectination of flagellar segment 15 being

comparatively small; flagellar segments short with a distinct

apical neck, the longest pectination being approximately

one-third the entire flagellum. Head entirely shiny coai-

black.

Pronotum shiny yellowish brown. Mesonotal praescutum

shiny obscure brownish yellow, with three darker brown

stripes that are ill-defined; remainder of mesonotum shiny,

obscure yellowish brown. Pleura brownish yellow, the

mesepimeron and mesosternum between the mid and hind

coxe with a transverse line of silvery-white pubescence.

Halteres pale brown, the knobs almost orange. Legs with

the cox concolorous with the pleura; trochanters obscure

yellow ; femora bright yellow, the apical third (mid-femur )

or half (hind femur) abruptly blackened; tibiz black ;

posterior tibiz with a clearly defined whitish ring just beyond

mid-length, this band a little narrower than the black apex ;

setee on this pale area white ; tibial spurs slender, the apex

acute, the distal margin weakly spinulose. Wings nearly

hvaline; cells Se and Sc; entirely dark brown; a conspicuous

dark brown blotch at origin of /ts, extending to MW; stigmal

blotch large and compact, continued along the cord ; centre

of cell Ist Wf, clear; outer end of cell lst M, and basal

deflection of Cu, narrowly seamed with brown ; an elongate-

oval paler brown cloud just beyond mid-length of vein

lst A; wing-tip broadly but faintly infuscated; veins

brownish black. Venation: AR, perpendicular at origin;

r near mid-length of R,; basal deflection of Cu, shortly

before mid-length of cell lst J/,; vei 2nd A very strongly

sinuous.

Abdomen shiny dark brown with intense violet and purple

reflections ; hypopygium, including all but the base of

sternite 8, obscure reddish yellow. Male hypopygium

with the pleurites short and stout, their mesal faces densely

setiferous, the apex of each produced caudad and mesad into

a rather long, flattened, setiferous blade; two pleural ap-

pendages, both slender and unspined. Gonapophyses appewr-

ing as very long, acicular, sinuous rods.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, December 15,

1919 (7. R. Harris).

The type of (Gynoplistia miveicincta was sent to

Mr. Edwards for his expert opinion; he writes that this

insect is certainly distinct from speciosa, Edwards, which has

new or little-known Tipulidee. 52

brownish hind tibize covered with uniform dark brown

pubescence, the pale ring being ou the integument only ;

in nivercincta the sete, as well as the integument, are pale.

G. formosa, Hutton, is represented in the writer’s collection

by a male; it is a very different fly, with the tibial ring ill-

defined, broad, and orange-yellow in colour.

Me Ce ied .

Tricyphona nove-zelandia, sp. 0

General coloration obscure yellowish brown ; mesonotal

prescutum with four narrow dark brown strip s; wings

with a brown tinge, the stigma a little darker; cell R, long-

petiolate ; cell R, short-petiolate ; cell ls¢ M, closed ; cell

M, sessile or very short- petiolate.

Male.—Length 6 mm.; wing 8°6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennze 16-segmented,

the scapal segments pale brown ; flagellum black ; flagellar

segments oval. Head dark brown with a sparse bloom,

leaving blotches of the ground-colour exposed.

Mesonotal preescutum light yellowish brown with four

conspicuous dark brown stripes, the intermediate pair

separated from one another by a line of the ground-colour

that is nearly one-half the width of either stripe ; scutum

brown, indistinctly greyish medially ; scutellum and _ post-

notum pale brown with an indistinct pruinosity. Pleura

brown with a sparse, microscopic, appressed pubescence that

appears like a pruinosity ; a varrow, dark brown, dorsal stripe

extending from the propleura to ventrad of the wing-root.

Halteres ‘pale, the base of the stem yellow, the knobs infus-

cated. Juegs with the cox obscure yellow, infuscated

basally; trochauters obscure yellow; femora pale brown,

the tips scarcely darkened ; tibize and metatarsi pale brown,

the tips narrowly darker brown; remainder of the tarsi

dark brown. Wings with a brown tinge; cells C and Se

more saturated ; stigma darker brown, but its limits ill-

defined ; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, before the

origin of Rs a distance approximately as long as cell lst M, ;

Rs strongly arcuated at origin; /t,,3 elongate, the outer

deflection of A, a little more than its own length from the

tip of R,,o, without macrotriclie ; A,,; a little shorter than

—m ; r—-m on Ry; immediately beyond its origin ; cell M,

short-petiolate or sessile, m in this case being exactly at the

fork of M,,.; m about one-third the outer deflection of M7; ;

basal deflection of Cu, about oue-fourth its length beyoud

the fork of M; M;+ Cu, alittle more than one-half the outer

deflection of M3.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. dt

522 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Abdomen dark brown, the posterior margins of the ster-

nites very narrowly and indistinctly paler; hypopygium

conspicuously reddish brown.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, &, Dunedin, Otago, November 5, 1921

(G. Howes).

The discovery of a species of the tribe Pediciini in

New Zealand is of unusual interest. Tricyphona nove-

zealandie is in all its characters a typical member of the

genus. The venation is interpreted as showing a distal

fusion of A, and R,, the type of venation found in the

Pediciini (for a discussion, see ‘ Entomological News,’ vol. 29,

pp. 201-205, 1918) and very possibly in other groups of

Limnobiinze, the apparent radial cross-vein in these cases

being the free portion of vein Ry.

Genus Hotorusia, Loew.

ZELANDOTIPULA, subgen. nov.

Characters as in Holorusia, differing as follows: vein M

with a strong spur on the audal side, Jutting disto-caudad

into cell M. Male hypopygium with the outer pleural

appendage narrowed apically into a point. Gonapophiyses

appearing as deeply bifid plates, each lobe broadly rounded

at apex.

Type of the subgenus :— Holorusia novare (Schiner).

The writer is quite prepared to follow Mr. Edwards in

placing the Tipula novare, Schiner, in the essentially Neo-

tropical genus Holorusia. The three species of the group

from New Zealand known to the writer exhibit certain

characters that seem to warrant their removal from typical

Holorusia in some degree, and so the new subgeneric term,

Zelundotipula, is proposed for these three New Zealand

species. The writer is strongly inclined to believe that the

conspicuous spur or stump of a vein in cell J/ is a character

of some phylogenetic significance. Although it is lacking

in some individuals, it is usually present as a strong spur,

or, In some cases, as a more or less complete cross-vein in

cell M. The course of the spur, and especially the slight

cephalic deflection of the main vein immediately beyond it

to form a symmetrical fork, leads one to the conclusion that

the character is atavic. In the specimens seen by the writer

where the cross-vein is most nearly complete, the caudal

portion of the vein, nearest vein Cu, is weak aud not in

alignment with the base of the spur. What this spur on

M can represent in the phylogeny of the Diptera is a

new or little-known Tipulidee. 523

question that future studies must answer. The other species

belonging to this new group are H. (Z.) fulva (Hutton) and

H. (Z.) otagana, sp.n. The species described by the writer

as Macromastiz maori is certainly not a member of this

group, and likewise does not seem to be a true Macromastiv.

he presence of a spur on M in exactly the same position as

found in the three species of Zelandotipula may indicate that

both of these groups have descended from some Maorian

ancestor in remote ages past. The discovery of the immature

stages of H. novare by Mr. Gourlay is of unusual interest.

The larve resemble those of Holorusia in genera! appearance,

but the pupe strikingly suggest species of Prionocera.

Holorusia (Zelandotipula) otagana, sp. n.

General coloration light grey; centre of vertex and

median stripe of preescutum ‘obscure rufous ; wings rela-

tively long and narrow, the pattern but faintly indicated ;

abdomen uniformly light brown; male hypopygium with

the outer pleural appendage not produced into a conspicuous

attenuate point.

Male.—Length 18-19 mm.; wing 19-22 mm.; wing-

width 3°8 mm.

Female.—Length about 20 mm. ; wing 17 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head elongate, reddish brown ;

palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scapal segments

brownish yellow; flagellum black. Dorsum of head deep

vufous, with a capillary dark brown median line; inner

margin of eyes broadly cinereous.

Mesonotal prascutum light grey with three stripes, the

median stripe obscure rufous, the lateral stripes varying

from rufous to dark grey ; scutum light grey, the centres of

the lobes dark grey; scutellum and postnotum light grey

with a capillary brown median line. Pleura light grey ;

dorso-pleural membrane obscure yellow. Halteres pale

brown. Legs with the cox light grey; trochanters brownish

-ellow; femora and tibie light brown, the tips darkened ;

tarsi dark brown. Wings relatively long and narrow, sub-

hyaline, with a subobsolete pattern, cells C, Sc, 2nd Lt, Ry,

and R; being suffused with pale brown; outer ends of the

posterior and anal cells faintly darkened ; the subhyaline

ground-colour includes cell R; to the apex; no conspicuous

dark pattern along Rs or M as in novare. Venation : as

in novare, but the cells longer and narrower, resulting from

the narrowing of the wing.

34%

- 524 On new or little-known Tipulidee.

Abdomen uniformly light brown, including the hypo-

pygium. Male hypopygium very different in the details of

structure from other known species of the subgenus. Ninth

tergite with a profound median incision, the mesal face of

the lobes formed obliquely truncated and densely set with

abundant black spicules. Outer or dorsal pleural appendage

flattened as in the genus, but the apex scarcely more than

one-half as long as the dilated base, not at all prolonged

into an attenuate lobe as in the genotype.

The female is smaller. The unique specimen of this sex

at hand lacks the spur on vein JZ.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, &, Seaward Moss, near Invercargill, October 15,

1906 (A. Philpott).

Allotor otype, ¢ .

Paratopotypes, 2 g 3, October 15, 1905; Paratype, 3,

West Plains, November 80, 1902 (A. Philpott).

Macromaslix subtenera, sp. nu.

Male.—Length about 7°5 mm.; wing 10°5 mm.

Related to M. tenera (Hutton), differing as follows :—

Size smaller. Antennz more elongate, the flagellar

segments beyond the first elongate-cylindrical, those near

mid-length of the organ much longer than those at base.

Head obscure yellow; a large brown area on either side of

the vertex behind the eyes, only narrowly separated on the

median line; no median dark line on the anterior part of

vertex. Mesonotal postnotum obscure yellow with the lateral

margins of the median sclerite conspicuously margined with

pale brown, the median pale area broad ; in ¢enera there are

two circular black spots on the posterior margin of the post-

notum. Pleura with a continuous, but rather indistinct,

transverse brown line on the anterior part of the mesepi-

sternum, continued ventrad on to the mesosternum. Wings

faintly tinged with brown. As a little shorter than in

tenera ; cell 2nd A a little narrower. Basal tergite dark ;

basal half of second tergite conspicuously light brown ;

remaining tergites with the paie median stripe as in ¢enera,

but less distinct and conspicuously interrupted across the

caudal margin of each segment by a narrow brownish-black

margin to the selerite, those cross-bars concolorous with the

lateral stripes.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, The Hump, Otago, altitude 3000 feet,

December 24, 1915 (4. Philpott).

On new African Cetoniine Beetles. 525

LIX.—A few new African Cetoniine Beetles.

By Ginzert J. Arrow, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

[Plate VIII. ]

A ¥rew of the most noteworthy of the unnamed African

species belonging to the subfamily Cetoniine inthe British

Museum Collection are described in the following pages.

Genus ANAGNATHOCERA, Nov.

Corpus nitidum, supra parcissime setosum, subtus cum capite sat

dense villosum. Caput parvum. Clypeus antrorsum angustatus,

apice acute bifidus, paulo reflexus. Pronoti basis utrinque

leviter obliquatus, medio profunde excisus. Scutellum postice

acute productum., Elytra post humeros vix sinuati, apice paulo

producti, haud spinosi. Processus sternalis latissimus, planus,

sutura meso-metasternali distinctissima.

3. Tibia antica apice acuta, dente superiori obtusissimo, vix per-

spicuo. Abdomen subtus suleatum.

2. Tibia antica lata, tridentata. Elytra postice acute producti.

Pygidium breve, valde obiquum. Abdomen convexum.

Anagnathocera dispar, sp.n. (Pl. VILL. figs. 1 & 2.)

Viridis, pronoti margine, elytris, vittis exiguis exceptis, pedibusque

partim fulvis, abdominis subdtus atque pygidii lateribus albo-

maculatis; capite rugoso, erecte setoso, clypeo*antice paulo

attenuato, margine leviter reflexo, antice bidentato; pronoto

medio parcissime, lateribus fortiter sat crebre, punctato, vix

perspicue setoso, lateribus medio obtuse angulatis, ab hine antice

convergentibus, postice leviter divergentibus, levissime sinuatis,

basi haud lato, angulis obtusis, rotundatis; seutello modice

elongato, postice acuminato; elytris seriato-punctatis, margine

suturali costisque duabus discoidalibus leviter elevatis, lateribus

post humeros levissime sinuatis, apicibus paulo deplanatis,

fortiter punctatis, setosis.

Long. 17-20 mm.; lat. 9 mm,

Ruopesta, Gazaland: Chirinda Forest (G. A. K. Marshall,

October).

The insect here described, although discovered by

Dr. Marshall as long ago as 1905, has remained undescribed

- owing to the difficulty of deciding its true systematic posi-

tion. It exhibits a peculiar combination of features which

separates it from every group of genera yet formulated in a

subfamily the classification of which is exceptionally difficult

and perplexing. Although its divergences from Gnathocera

are considerable, it appears to me to have more in common

526 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

with that genus than with any other. The occurrence of a

hairy c clothing and of white chalky patches, the shape of the

scutellum, acutely pointed but not concave at the sides, the

more slender front tibia and grooved abdomen of the male,

are features shared with that genus, and the sharply

bidentate clypeus, although not of the form characteristic

of Gnathocera, may be considered to be the more primitive

type from which that of Gnathocera has been derived. The

broad flat sternal process and the very feeble excision of the

outer margins of the elytra suggest relationship to the Cera-

torrhina group with horned males, but the form of the

female, even more than that of the male, precludes that

conclusion; while affinity with Porphyronota and allied

genera is negatived by the strongly accentuated sexual

differences.

Perhaps the most distinctive of the many peculiar features

of the new genus is the elongation and flattening of the

extremities of the elytra, which entirely conceal the abdo-

men from above. The outer margins are minutely serrated

on their posterior half and uniformly rounded to the sutural

angle, which is sharp but not spiniform. In the angle there

is a tuft of the pale-coloured sets, which are extremely fine

and scanty upon the remainder of the upper surface. The

elougation of the elytra is more pronounced in the female

than in the male. In addition to this the pygidium of the

female is very oblique, the abdomen very convex, the tibize

much stouter than those of the male, and the tarsi much

shorter. The chalky-white patches are not present in the

ouly female examined.

Gnathocera nigrolineata, sp. n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 3.)

Nigra, nitida, pedibus abdomineque rufis, albo-tomentosa, capitis

medio, pronoti marginibus et lineis duabus longitudinalibus

elevatis, scutello, linea mediana excepta, elytrorum marginibus

et lineis duabus elevatis postice conjunctis, pygidii apice et linea

mediana, corporis subtus linea mediana, femoribus partim, tibiis

tarsisque totis nudis, capite pronotoque setis nonnullis minutissi-

mis instructis, thorace subtus femoribusque sat parece fulvo-

vestitis, abdomine nudo, processu sternali gracili, curvato.

Long. 16 mm. ; lat. max. 8°5 mm.

Frencu Guinea: Kondia.

A single female specimen of this species was taken upon

a termites’ nest by Prof. F. Silvestri, by whom it has been

presented to the British Museum.

It is a very distinct species, resembling no other at

present known in the black and white striping of the elytra.

new African Cetoniine Beetles. 527

It has the size and general form of G, frivittata and the

pattern of the head, pronotum, and seutellum is similar, but

with the yellow lateral patches of the pronotum broader,

leaving two rather irregular shining black stripes, which are

finely and not closely punctured. The scutellum is mode-

rately long, but not acute at the apex. The elytra are covered

with whitish tomentum, except for a narrow shining mar-

ginal line and two narrow discoidal stripes, the first running

from the base parallel to the sutural margin and the other

from the humeral angle, meeting the first just before the

apex. The pygidium is thinly pubescent, not shining, and

has a rounded patch of yellow tomentum on each side. The

body is covered with similar tomentum beneath, except for

a quite smooth median line. The mesosternal process is

slender and curved.

Heterorrhina (Ptychodesthes) pygmea, sp. 0.

Lete viridis, vel aureo-rufa, vel purpurea, tarsis nigro-piceis auten-

nisque rufescentibus; modice elongata, nitidissima, capite longe

flavo-hirto, clypeo plano, quadrato, margine antico vix sinuato,

pronoto brevi, parce et distincte punctato, punctis lateralibus

vix fortioribus, scutello levissime punctulato, elytris sat regular-

iter striato-punctatis, striis geminatis, intervallis alternis for titer

elevatis, levissimis, apicibus haud dense punctatis, pygidio levi,

convexo, minute et parce sat squaliter punctato, processu

sternali angusto, compresso, metasterno longe flayo-hirto, medio

nudo, minute punctato, abdomine subtus parce punctato :

3, tibia antica mutica; abdomine subtus anguste sulcato.

Long. 15-18 mm.; lat. max. 7-5-9 mm.

Gazavanp: Chirinda Forest, 3800 ft. (G. A. K. Marshall,

March, August).

This is the smallest so far known in the group of species

to which it belongs, and is much more variable in colouring

than the rest, which seem to adhere with great constancy to

a particular shade of vivid green, softened by pinkish reflec-

tions in a certain light. The same colour is found in the

present species, but a cobalt-blue changing to a rich purple

is equally frequent, and our series includes one specimen of a

fiery red. The borders of the pronotum are usually of a paler

colour than the disc.

H. pygmea most resembles H. alternata, K1., but, in

addition to its smaller size, is much more hairy, the head

and the metasternum (except a small area in the middle of

the latter, which is quite smooth) being clothed with long

tawny hairs, that upon the head standing erect. The

pygidium, on the otber hand, is smooth and shining, and

528 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

has only a few scattered striole, the apical part not (as

in H. alternata) more closely sculptured than the rest.

The sternal process is very narrow, not at all flattened or

dilated.

The description of Klug’s species is quite inadequate, but

the size and locality render my identification of it fairly

certain and the former evidently excludes the new species,

which is the one to which Klug’s name is applied by

Dr. Péringuey in his ‘ Catalogue of the Coleoptera of South

Africa.’

Charadronota eximia, sp. un. (PL. VIII. figs. 6 & 7.)

Nigra, clypei medio, pronoti marginibus lateralibus, singuli elytri

maculis duabus parvis vel una magna, pygidil utrinque plaga

magna, epimeris mesosternalibus, metasterno (medio excepto)

abdominisque basi, lateribus et segmento penultimo, flavibus ;

paulo elongata, supra plana, levigata, nitida, capite fere levi sed

fronte utrinque punctata, clypel margine antico fere recto,

angulis acuminatis, pronoto sat angusto basi perpaulo dilatato,

levi, lateribus parce punctatis et strigosis, dimidio postico forti-

ter triangulariter excavato, marginibus lateralibus ante medium

obtuse angulatis, antice et postice fere rectis; scutello levi,

angustissimo; elytris minutissime haud regulariter seriato-punc-

tatis; pygidio leviter transverse strigoso, corpore subtus fere

levi, processu sternali brevissimo, rotundato.

Long. 19-21 mm.; lat. max. 10°5-11°5 mm.

Ucanpa: Entebbe (Feb.), Tero (April).

Although similar in coloration to C. quadrisignata, G. & P.,

this is more nearly related to C. pectoralis, Bainb., but it is

much larger and smoother than either. The pygidium and

sides of the elytra are not opaque as in the allied species,

the punctures of the pronotum are confined to its front and

sides, and the depression upon the posterior half is much

deeper and more sharply defined, and the angulation of the

lateral margin is distinct but not sharp. The scutellum is

very long and narrow, and the adjacent part of the elytra

is only very slightly and narrowly depressed. The elytra are

almost flat and smooth, with a very feeble puncturation.

The pygidium is rather shining, rather feebly striolated, and

the entire lower surface is very smooth and shining, with

only a very few minute punctures at the sides.

There is one specimen of each sex. The male has the

abdomen very slightly hollowed beneath and each elytron is

decorated with a rather ill-defined transverse yellow bar,

placed at the level of the apex of the scutellum and not

new African Cetoniine Beetles. 529

extending beyond the inner half, and a smaller comma-

Shaped mark towards the extremity. The female is a little

more elongate in shape and each elytron bears a single large

well-defined yellow patch upon its inner half, leaving only a

fine black line at the suture, a rather narrow anterior border,

and a broader posterior one. It is probable that the pattern

is not distinctive of the sex, but that, as in the allied species,

the coloration is very inconstant.

Charadronota acutangula, sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, epimeris metasternalibus maculisque utrinque

abdominalibus lte fulvis; C. pectorali similis, sed metasterno

nigro, lateribus grossius punctato pronotique lateribus ante

medium acute angulatis.

Long. 16-18 mm.; lat. max. 8°5-10 mm.

Kamurun: Dengdeng (April). Ueanpa: Mabira Forest,

Chagwe, 38500-3800 ft. (July, S. A. Neave), Budongo

Forest, Unyoro, 3400 ft. (December, S.A. Neave).

This is a form representing C. pectoralis, Bainb., to the

east of the region inhabited by that species, which is found

from Sierra Leone to Lagos. It has a close resemblance to

C. pectoralis, but is without the orange sides to the meta.

sternum indicated by the name, the lateral angles of the

pronotum are much more sharply produced, and the meta-

sternum is more strongly punctured at the sides.

Trichius sobrinus, sp. n.

Griseo-tomentosus, corpore supra infuseato, pronoti lateribus,

elytrorum humeris, et interdum macula parva transversa

mediana, pygidiique apice pallidis, macula apicali antice triden-

tata, prothoracis lateribus medio fusco-maculatis ; sat compactus,

ubique dense brevissime setosus, capite lato, oculis parvis, clypeo

fortiter bilobato, quam longitudinem latiori; pronoto brevi,

utrinque acute spinoso, antice fortiter contracto, angulis anticis

acutis, posticis obtusis, basi leviter rotundato; scutello magno,

fere semicirculari; elytris deplanatis, conjunctim subquadratis,

lateribus fere parallelis, humeris rectangulatis; pygidio lato,

modice convexo, haud valde porrecto; pedibus haud longissimis,

tibia antica robusta, inwqualiter tridentata :

3, elytris medio immaculatis.

Long. 9-11 mm.; lat. 4-5-6 mm.

Ucanna, 38000-4500 ft.: Mabira Forest, Daro Forest

(S. A. Neave), Ripon Falls.

There is evidently a marked similarity between this

530 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

and the West African Trichius podicalis and tristiculus of

Kraatz, the only members of the genus hitherto known from

Africa. It is larger than those species, the colour of the

upper surface is not black, but a greenish-brown, and the

pattern is different. The pronotum has no median stripe,

the pale lateral border has a dark spot in the centre, and the

elytra, instead of six scattered pale spots, as in 7. podicalis,

have only the humeral margin and (in the female) a small

transverse median spot pale. The propygidium is pale and

the pygidium is of the dark colour of the elytra, with the

apex pale, the pale area ending above in three narrow

finger-like rays.

The male is rather smaller, shorter, and more compact

than the female, the thoracic border is more sharply defined,

and the elytra are without the median spot. The latter

difference is probably a constant one, five female specimens

showing the pale mark, while two females are without it,

and Mr. F. R. Mason informs me that this is so with another

male in his collection. The three teeth of the front tibia are

sharp in the male, the hind tarsi are slightly longer than

those of the female, and the abdomen is a little less exposed

beyond the elytra. The club of the antenna scarcely differs

in length in the two sexes.

This insect (and probably also the allied species,

T. podicalis and tristiculus, which are unknown to me)

differs considerably from the other members of the genus in

general appearance. It is more solidly built, the legs are

shorter, the front tibiz being very short and broad, with a

strong third tooth placed at the middle of the outer edge or

alittle behind it. The hair of other Trichii is replaced by

very short stiff sete, which become broad scales upon the

lower surface.

Calometopus transparens, sp.n. (PI. VIII. fig. 5.)

Niger, elytris translucentibus, flavescenti-hyalinis, nigro-margina-

tis, corpore setis et squamis albidis supra et subtus ornato,

pronoto utrinque maculis tribus disvoidalibus duabusque mar-

ginalibus, abdominis dorso transverse fasciato, pygidioque vitta

alba mediana, medio anguste bisecta; angustus, pedibus gracili-

bus, capite magno, clypeo subquadrato, antice valde bilobato,

pronoto quam longitudinem paulo latiori, angulis obtusis ;

scutello longo, acuto; elytris deplanatis, setis longitudinaliter

ordinatis instructis costaque humerali valida integra, postice

attenuatis, apice rotundatis; pygidio ruguloso; pedibus graci-

libus;

new African Cetoniine Beetles. 531

3, clava antennali longiori; tibia antica angusta, acuminata,

postica apice unispinosa; pygidio angusto, convexo:

2, pronoto latiori; tibia antica acute tridentata, postica apice tri-

digitata, processubus intus longe ciliatis; pygidio longitudinaliter

leviter suleato,

* Long. 10-12 mm.; lat. 5 mm.

Nyasatanp: Mlange (S. A. Neave, Nov.—Feb.).

This species, although closely related to C. hollisi, Wat.,

has a peculiar aspect, due to the transparent hyaline elytra

producing a mimetic resemblance to the wings of a small

bee. The black margins and lines of black dots, upon which

fine setze are placed, simulate the venation, and, in conjunc-

tion with the white spots and bars upon the pronotum and

abdomen, seemed designed to imitate the bees of the genus

Melecta or some allied genus. Various species of these bees

inhabit the same region and probably frequent the same

flowers.

The head is like that of C. nyasse and hollisi, deeply

bilobed and clothed with rather scattered sete. The pro-

thorax is scarcely wider than the head across the eyes and a

little shorter than it is long, with the front angles obsolete

and the hind angles very obtuse, and the sides bluntly

angulated before the middle. The upper surface bears

irregularly scattered sete, which broaden into scales arranged

in five clusters on each side, one placed at each angle and

the other three forming a triangle upon the disc. The

scutellum is long and clothed with similar sete. The trans-

parent elytra have a yellow tinge, but the inner and outer

margins, as well as the lateral costa and longitudinal lines

of irregular dots, are black. The hyaline effect is due to the

wings beneath being visible through the elytra, and the

appearance of a bright yellow spot is produced on each side

of the apex of the scutellum by a brush of long white hairs

upon the metanotum showing through at that point. The

pygidium is rugulose and bears two longitudinal bands of

white scales narrowly separated.

The sexual differences of the genus Calometopus have

never been described, most of the species having been

hitherto represented by female specimeus only, although the

type of C. hollisi, Wat. (which I have not seen), is evidently

a male. The remarkable trilobed hind tibia, regarded as a

generic character by Blanchard in the original description,

and since by Péringuey and Bourgoin, is a feature peculiar

to the females.

532 On new African Cetoniine Beetles.

Calometopus luridus, sp.n. (Pl. VIIL. fig. 4.)

Niger, elytris luride brunneis, lateribus, apicibus lunulaque ante-

mediana nigris, maculaque utrinque juxta-scutellari late flava,

capite et pronoto albo-setosis, hujus setis utringue in maculis 3

vel + aggregatis, pygidio longitudinaliter albo-fasciato; parum

elongatus, oculis prominentissimis, clypeo subquadrato, antice

haud fortiter bilobato ; pronoto quam longitudinem vix latiori,

angulis anticis obsoletis, posticis valde obtusis, lateribus antice

convergentibus, postice parallelis; scutello longo acuto; elytris

brevibus, deplanatis, sat fortiter haud regulariter punctatis,

costa humerali valida integra, postice angustatis, rotundatis ;

pygidio sat lato, ruguloso; pedibus gracilibus :

3, clava antennali longa, tibia antica breviter bidentata, postica

apice unispinosa.

Long. 12°5 mm.; lat. 6 mm.

Nyasatanp: Mlange (S. A. Neave, October).

A single male specimen.

C. luridus is nearly related to C. transparens, but is larger

and less elongate in shape, and the elytra, although slightly

shining and translucent, have not the complete transparency

so remarkable in the last species. The clypeus is rather less

deeply cleft than in that insect, the pronotum has a row of

four white spots placed in a transverse line across the middle,

and two behind these, forming a pattern rather different and

a little less sharply defined than in C. transparens or

C. hollisi. The elytra are brown with a slight lustre and

coarsely punctured, the whole reflexed part being black, as

well as an antemedian bar crossing the suture and produced

forwards, forming an irregular crescent. Immediately in

front of this bar is a bright yellow patch on each side, as in

C. transparens, but only slightly transparent. The pygidium

bears a median stripe of white setze, broad at the base and

tapering to the extremity, and the sides of the abdominal

segments are decorated with white bars, as in all the

allied species. In the bidentate front tibize of the male

C. luridus differs conspicuously from both the allied forms.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Anagnathocera dispar, sp. n., male.

Fig. 2. Ditto, female.

Fig. 3. Gnathocera nigrolineata, sp, n., female.

Fig. 4. Calometopus horidus, sp. n., male.

Fug. 5. transparens, sp. n., male.

wg. 6. Charadronota eximi le

Fig. 6. Charadronota eximia, sp. n., male.

Fig. 7. Ditto, female.

On Fishes from Tobago. 533

LX.—Fishes from Tobago. By J. R. Norman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue collections of fishes made at Tobago by Mr. P. L.

Guppy, and received from him during the last three years,

contain examples of 150 species, one of which is described

below as new to science. In addition, eight species were

previously unrepresented in the Collection of the British

Museum (Natural History); of these, five require a new

description.

Clinus guppyi, sp. 0.

Depth of body 33 in the length, length of head 33.

Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3} in length

of head, and more than twice the itterorbital width. Head

naked. Snout rounded; jaws equal anteriorly; maxillary

extending to below posterior third of eye. Outer teeth of

both jaws strong, conical, curved inwardly; a band of. villi-

form teeth behind these anteriorly ; vomer with a V-shaped

patch of moderate teeth; band on palatines short. Nostril

with a tufted filament; orbital tentacle rather small; a

series of hair-like filaments on each side of the neck. Five

or six short gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, those

near the angle bifid at their extremities. Vertical fins not

scaly. Dorsal XIX 11; spines gradually increasing in

length to the seventh, thence subequal to the fifteenth,

which is 3 length of head; seventeenth and eighteenth

shorter; soft fin rounded; rays much longer than the

spines. Anal II 18; commencing below eleventh or twelfth

dorsal spines. Pectorals slightly shorter than head. Pelvyics

shorter, inserted just behind level of posterior margin of

preoperculum. Caudal rounded. Caudal pedunele short,

its length + length of head. 54 scales from anterior dorsal

spines to lateral line. Reddish brown, with indistinct

darker vertical bands. Cheeks mottled with darker. A

large dark opercular spot, and an indistinct spot superiorly

in axil of pectoral. Pectorals, caudal, soft dorsal, and

posterior part of anal with dark spots along the rays.

A single specimen, 90 mm. in total length.

Near C. nuchipinnis, Quoy and Gaimard, differing es-

pecially in the form of the dorsal fin,

Calamus macrops, Poey.

Depth of body 24 in the length, length of head 34.

Snout 13 diameter of eye, which is 34 in length of head

534 Mr. J. R. Norman on

and 1} in interorbital width. Anterior profile steep and

nearly straight. Snout and interorbital space naked. Pree-

orbital deeper than eye; distance from eye to end of

maxillary 24 in length of head. Anterior teeth acute, with

10-12 small Camines in each jaw. Lateral teeth in three

rows in upper jaw, the outer obtusely conical, the others

molariform; two rows in lower jaw. Maxillary scarcely

reaching vertical from anterior margin of eye. Six short

gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, Dorsal XII 12;

third spine longest, nearly } length of head; first soft ray

2 length of head. Anal ul 103, third spine longest, equal

to diameter of eye, shorter than soft rays. Pectoral longer

than head, almost reaching origin of anal. Pelvies 3 length

of head. Caudal forked. 47 scales in lateral line, 6 from

origin of dorsal to lateral line. Greyish silvery; a silvery

streak below the eye ; fins pale, spinous dorsal with dark edge ;

a dark spot superiorly in axil of pectoral.

A single specimen, 200 mm. in total length.

Upeneus parvus, Poey.

Depth of body 43 to 5 in the length, length of lead 33 to

3%. Snout slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is

34 to 32 in length of head. Interorbital region flattish, its

width equal to diameter of eye. Lower jaw slightly the

Aare ; maxillary reaching to below anterior third of eye.

Teeth very small, conical, in two series anteriorly and a

single series laterally. Barbels reaching angle of pre-

operculum when laid back. Gaill-rakers slender, about

18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII, I 7-8;

spines slender, first longest, 3 length of head and 14 longest

soft rays. Anal I] 6; longest soft rays equal to those of

second dorsal. Pectoral 3 : length of head, barely reaching

beyond tips of pelvics. Gadel deeply forked. Brownish

above, fading to white below ; a yellowish longitudinal band

along the side; fins pale, caudal with three or four dark

oblique bars on each lobe.

Three specimens, 70-90 mm. in total length.

CrNTROCHROMIS, gen. nov.

(Type, Glyphidodon rudis, Poey.)

Aerces closely with Glyphidedon, but is distinguished by

having the preeoperculum coarsely serrated.

Fishes from Tobago. 535

Centrochromis rudis.

Glyphidodon rudis, Poey, Memorias, ii. p. 191 (1860); Giinther, Cat.

Fish. iv. p. 87 (1862).

Abudefduf rudis, Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii.

p. 1563 (1898).

Depth of body 1? to 2 in length, length of head 32 to 34.

Snout slightly longer than diameter of eye, which is 83-33

in length of head and 14 to 14 in interorbital width. Snout

and lower jaw naked. Maxillary extending to vertical from

nostril. ‘Teeth in a single series, equal, all deeply bifid.

Preeoperculum coarsely serrated; operculum with a flat

spine. Dorsal XIII 12; fourth to sixth spines longest,

2 to 4 length of head, shorter than longest soft rays; soft

fin obtusely angular. Anal II 10; second spine strong,

nearly 4 length of head. Pectoral nearly as long as head.

Pelvics scarcely reaching vent. Caudal emarginate, with

rounded lobes. Caudal peduncle twice as deep as long.

25-27 scales in a longitudinal series, 34 from origin of

dorsal to lateral line. Five broad dark vertical bands on

body, wider than the imterspaces ; a black spot superiorly in

axil of pectoral.

Five specimens, 115-180 mm. in total length.

Microspathodon chrysurus, Cuv. & Val.

Depth of body 2 in the length, length of head 31 to 83.

Snout longer than diameter of eye, which is 3 to 4 in length of

head. Interorbital space convex, its width 1} times diameter

of eye. Preeorbital broad, deeply notched, its depth above

angle of mouth 1 to 1} times diameter of eye. Lower jaw

slightiy shorter than upper; maxillary extending to vertical

from nostril. Teeth m both jaws flat, sharp, movable, in a

single series ; in the lower jaw twice as large as in the upper.

Head entirely scaly, except the lower jaw. Dorsal XII 15-16;

spines gradually increasing from the first, last 4 length of

head; soft finangular. Anal II 138-14; second spine about 4

length of head. Pectoral as long as, or slightly longer than,

head. Pelvics reaching vent or slightly beyond, but not

to anal. Caudal forked; upper lobe longer than lower.

Caudal peduncle nearly twice as deep as long. 29 scales

in a longitudinal series, 33 from origin of dorsal to lateral

line. Brownish; scales on body with darker edges ; some

white spots scattered on head and nape, and to a lesser

extent on back and scales of dorsal fin. Dorsal, anal and

pelvic fius dusky; caudal yellow.

Two specimens, 147 and 135 mm. in total length.

536 Mr. B. B. Woodward on the Forward Progression

Batrachoides cryptocentrus, Cuv. & Val.

Depth of body 43 to 54 in the length, length of head

3 to 81, width of head between opercles 3} to 3. Diameter

of eye 5 to 6 in length of head, equal to or slightly less

than interorbital width. One subopercular and two oper-

cular spines. Maxillary extending beyond eye. Lower jaw

a little projecting. ‘leeth on vomer and _ palatines large,

uniserial, obtusely conical; 4 on vomer, 10 to 13 on each

palatine; lower jaw with a single series of similar teeth,

and anteriorly a patch of sharper teeth; premaxillaries

with two rows of villiform teeth. Head and body entirely

naked; head covered with small filaments, that above

the eye well developed. Snout with a fringe of fila-

ments; another fringe on lower jaw, four of which are

distinctly larger than the remainder. Irom above and below

base of pectoral two rows of open pores, appearing as white

spots, which become indistinct in the adult, extend backward

nearly to end of soft dorsal and anal respectively. Dorsal

I1I 26-28 ; spines short, almost entirely hidden under the

skin. Anal 22. Pectoral 21; a pigmented patch in the

axil, but no foramen Caudal 18, rounded. Brownish,

paler below, with traces of darker vertical bands, disappear-

ing in the adult; fins edged with darker. In young and

half-grown individuais the throat is marbled with pale

irregular spots.

Three specimens, 70-220 mm. in total length.

LXI.—-Note on the Forward Progression in its Shell of the

Animal of the Nautiloidea and Ammonoidea. Compiled

from Notes left by the late G. C. Crick, F.G.S., by B. B.

Woopwarp, F.L.S.

Tue three facts which are necessary to remember when

attempting to form a conception of the mode of growth in

the Nautiloidea and Ammonoidea are :—-

(1) Growth in bulk of the animal taking place at regular

intervals, terminated respectively by the formation

of a new septum.

(2) Rigidity of the shell, necessitating a forward movement

of the too bulky animal.

(3) Faculty of secreting gas, which must not be allowed to

escape from the chambers of the shell.

of the Animal of the Nautiloidea and Ammonoidea. 5337

It has been suggested that the formation of successive

septa in the shells of these animals is correlated with the

recurrence of reproductive periods; but Dr. Wiley * states

definitely that this is not the case in Nautilus, since propaga-

tion, according to his observations, only takes place after the

last septum has been formed (p. 747).

Nautilus is an expert and a rapid swimmer, owing to the

bouyancy given to the relatively large external shell by its

series of air-chambers. These chambers are not individually

air-tight, since they are perforated by the siphuncle, the walls

of which are permeable +, but collectively they are rendered

an air-tight and water-tight hydrostatic apparatus, owing

to the fact that the animal itself completely closes up the

entrance to the chambers in virtue of its adherence to

the shell by the muscles and annulus (girdle of Owen).

The method of formation of the septa, Dr. Willey writes

(p. 749), “is simple so far as the septum itself is concerned.

What is not so easy to understand is the manner in which

the animal glides bodily forwards in its shell, so as to leave a

space behind it which is destined to become the new air-

chamber... .(p.750). Keferstein (1865) and Appellof (1893)

supposed that the mechanism of the forward movement of

the muscles in the shell consisted of a resorption of muscular

substance of the hinder border, coincident with a formation

of fresh muscular substance in front. But this pretended

resorption of muscle-fibres could not be confined to the ends

of the muscles, where they abut upon the shell, but must

affect the entire body of the muscles. There is no evidence

whatever that anything of the kind takes place, since the

muscles increase in size pari passu with the growth of the

animal, and the presence of the concentric muscle-lines on

_ the shell, visible as they are from the septal suture to the

anterior border of the muscle-scar on each side, is clearly

indicative of a very gradual forward gliding of the animal.

As the animal grows it must of necessity move forwards

within the rigid walls of the shell, since the increase in size

takes place in every direction, quite as much in girth as in

length. At the same time the soft visceral sac can accommo-

date itself to a certain extent to straightened circumstances,

sufficiently to avoid any sudden catastrophic movement,

aud, meanwhile, gas is secreted by or through the thin septal

area of the mantle, and when the limit of growth at any

particular period is reached, a new system is laid down.”

* Zool. Results, pt. vi. (1902), from which paper many of the following

notes are taken,

t Brooks, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. xxiii, 1888, p. 380.

Ann. G Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix, 35

538 Forward Progression in Nautilordea and Ammonoidea.

The mode of progression of the Ammonite animal in

its shells must, obviously, have been similar to that just

described for Nautilus. In the case of an Ammonite with a

comparatively simple septal suture, or when the anterior part

of each lobe is relatively broad, the process presents but little

difficulty; when, however, the septal suture is very compli-

cated, and especially when the anterior part of each lobe

is considerably contracted, the mode of progression of the

animal in its shell at first sight presents some difficulty. An

easy and satisfactory explanation is, however, possible. This

explanation presupposes the attachment of the animal to its

shell by means of shell-muscles and an annulus like the living

Nautilus as described in a paper to the Linnean Society

(Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. ii. (Zoology), vol. vii. pp. 71-113).

‘The marks left by the anterior edge of the annulus (anterior

aponeurotic band) on the inside of the shell indicate that the

animal progressed forward at an even rate.

The digitations visible at the septal sutures when traced

towards the centre of each septal surface rapidly die out and

give place to a much more simply curved surface. During

the formation of a septum the visceral hump of the animal

was attached to the shell-wall, not only by the boundary of

that part of the hump engaged in the formation of the sep-

tum, but also by the shell-muscles and the annulus, the

forward growth of the animal in its shell being temporarily

suspended. On the completion of the septum and the

renewed onwards growth of the shell-museles and annulus,

room would be given to the animal to contract the posterior

portion of the visceral hump inwards, and thus release and

withdraw all the fine digitations of the mantle from the

crumpled edge of the septum. When the creature had ad-

vanced sufficiently far forward in its shell, further progress

was temporarily suspended, the mantle digitations were again

pressed outwards against the shell-wall, and the next septum

formed,

In some cases, when an adequate interval has not been

attained, this results in the backward extensions (=lobes

being pressed upon the forward extensions (=saddles) of the

preceding septal suture, so that the resultant successive septal-

suture lines are crowded on each other to such an extent as

to be difficult to follow out. Such a case is well shown in

the figure given by Pervinquiére of a specimen of Mortoni-

ceras proratum, Coquand (Carte Geol. Tunisie.—Etudes

Paléont. Tunisienne. I. Céphalopodes terr. Sécond. 1907,

p. 238, fig. 97), and again (p. 298, fig. 114) in an example

ot Acanthoceras aumalense, Coquand, ‘These cases are in all

probability pathological.

On South African Grasshoppers. 539

LXII.—On some new or little-known South African Grass-

hoppers of the Subfamily Acridine (Orthoptera). By

B. P. Uvarov, F.E.S., Assistant Entomologist, Imperial

Bureau of Entomology.

Turs is the third paper of the series*, based on the collection

sent to the Imperial Bureau of Entomology by the Division

of Entomology, Pretoria, and by Prof. J. C. Faure. The

types of all species described are in the British Museum, and

paratypes preserved in the collectious of the said Division

and of the Transvaal University College.

I see no reason whatever to call the subfamily Truxaline,

as the name 7ruxalis is not used now, being a pure synonym

of Acrida.

1. Leva recta, Karny.

1910. Paragymnobothrus rectus, Karny, Denkschr. Medic.-Naturw.

Ges. Jena, xvi. Bd.; L. Schultze, Zool. & Anthr. Ergebn.

Reise in W. & Z. Stidafrika, Bd. iv., Lief. i., Insecta, p. 80.

no. 115,

1902. Catantops vittata, Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 106,

no. 111 (ad partim).

It is quite obvious from Karny’s description of Para-

-gymnobothrus rectus, which should be considered as the

type-species of the genus, that the latter belongs not to the

section Phleob, where I. Bolivar (Trab. Mus. Nac. Madrid,

ser. Zool., No. 20, p. 73, 1914) has placed it, but to the

Chrysochraontes (I. Bolivar, J.c. p. 61), since the elytra in

Paragymnobothrus rectus have the scapular area dilated

(“area costali et preecostali in utroque sexu sat dilatatis,”

Karny, /.c.). The study of the specimens now before me,

which agree perfectly with Karny’s description and un-

doubtedly belong to his P. rectus, shows also that the lower

margin of the lateral lobes of pronotum is strongly sinuate,

which again indicates that the genus belongs to Chryso-

chraontes. In this section it comes near to Leva, Bol.,

having the temporal foveole only incompletely marginated

from below, and, in fact, the relationship of Paragymno-

bothrus to Leva is so close that I think it would be quite

correct to unite them, the more so that, in the two more new

South African species described below, the relationship to

the Indian representatives of the genus Leva is still closer

than in Leva recta, Karny.

* See Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) viii. pp. 869-392 and ix. pp. 99-1138.

35"

540 Mi sorely Uvarov on

I have before me several specimens of L. recta from

Pretoria, taken by W. L. Distant and named by W. F. Kirby,

mostly as Gymnobothrus linea-alba, Bol. (Kirby, /. ¢. p. 69),

partly as Duronia tricarinata, Bol. (Kirby, /.¢. p. 67), while

one specimen is a cotype of Cuatantops(!) vitiata, Kirby

(1. c. p. 106)*. ‘Three females were sent in by the Division

of Entomology, Pretoria, from Bloemfontein, 24. 1.1918.

H. Karny recorded the species from Bechuanaland.

2. Leva callosa, sp. n.

gd. Small and slender. Antennz extending only a little

beyond the hind margin of the pronotum, rather thick.

Head strongly reclinate; frontal ridge in profile slightly

convex, sulcate throughout; its margins touching each other

at the fastigium, gradually divergent downwards, distinctly

thickened between the antenne where the ridge appears,

therefore, somewhat dilated, and disappearing just before

the clypeus. Face slightly punctured. ‘Temporal foveole

ecmpletely vertical, scarcely margined from below, distinctly

concave, a little longer than the width at the hind margin,

trapezoidal. Fastigium of the vertex strongly prominent,

elongato-pentagonal, with the apical angle acute, slightly

rounded ; its surface strongly concave. Pronotum with the

median keel in profile straight, well developed, cut by the

transverse sulcus not far behind the middle ; lateral keels

well developed throughout, in prozona subparallel, very feebly

concave, in metazona slightly divergent. Fore margin of

the pronotum widely rounded ; hind margin very obtusel

angulate, with tle angle rounded. Lateral lobes higher

than long; their fore lower angle obtuse; the hind angle

straight, but very widely rounded ; a small oval callosity

just below and behind the middle of the lobe; the fore

margin. incrassate and callous along the lower two-thirds of

its length and emitting an obliquely ascending short callous

ridge from the upper end of that incrassation. Elytra as

long as the abdomen, but not reaching the hind knees,

distinctly dilated in the middle, with the apex attenuate ;

mediastinal area reaching about the middle of the fore

margin, with a distinct postbasal dilatation and a short,

irregular, false vein ; scapular area reaching to the apical

fourth of the fore margin, strongly dilated behind its middle,

with a few rather regular oblique veinlets ; externo-median

* Other cotypic specimens, including the actual type of C. vittata,

marked by W. F’. Kirby himself, are conspecific with Pnorisa squalus, St.,

nd two with Pn. capensis, Walk.

South African Grasshoppers. 541

area extending a little beyond the apex of the scapular area,

in the apical half dilated and parallel, with sparse transverse

veinlets ; discoidal area rather broad, extending over the

basal two-thirds of elytra, almost parallel-sided, only slightly

narrowed and recurved apically, sparsely reticulate, with

one row of irregular cells ; interulnar area distinctly more

narrow than the discoidal area, sparsely but irregularly

reticulate, with only one row of cells; the apical part of

elytra very sparsely reticulate.

General coloration pale greyish buff. Head with a very

feeble greyish longitudinal fascia above, and with broad,

shining, black, postocular fascize widened posteriorly. Pro-

notum unicolorous on the upper side ; lateral lobes velvety-

castaneous in the upper half and of the general colour

below, the boundary between the two colours being very

indefinite ; the callosities on the lateral lobes are pale.

Elytra hyaline, with the veins ochraceous; the discoidal

area with indefinite and scarcely distinct grey spots. Wings

infumate at the apex. Front and middle legs ochraceous

with several indistinct grey bands. Hind femora with two

oblique grey fasciz on the upper side, extending on to the

inside as well; the outer face of the general colour, with a

few grey streaks along the lower margin ; the knees greyish

brown. Hind tibiz pale greyish, with the spines brown

apically. Abdomen yellowish beneath and slightly rufous

on the sides.

? (paratype). Differs from the male in the following

characters :—Antennez not reaching the hind margin of the

pronotum. Frontal ridge below the ocellum scarcely sulcate,

punctured. LElytra with the scapular area less widened than

in the male, but regularly reticulate; the discoidal and

interulnar areas subequal in width, sparsely reticulate, with

two rows of cells, separated by irregular false veins. General

coloration paler, and therefore the markings on the lateral

lobes of the pronotum are better defined. Hind tibiz

greyish. Abdomen not rufous on the sides.

3 (type). 2 (paratype).

mm. mm.

Tength of body... .s..... 11 16

pronotum...... 25 3

s Cyr eal ms Mes 8 10

5 hind femora.... 7'5 9

The type and eight paratypic specimens are from Bloem-

fontein, Orange Free State, 11.11.-1]. iv. 1918 ; one female

is from Boshof, 17.v.1917, and another from Bethulie,

yy Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

8. iv. 1918. The general coloration varies and in some males

it is greyish, with the brown and pale marks on the pro-

notum scarcely distinct. The bands on the upper side of the

hind femora may be more or less pronounced or obliterated ;

the outer face of these femora is sometimes dark along the

upper margin.

3. Leva parva, sp. n.

gd. Of the size and habitus of L. callusa, and differing

from the latter by the following characters only :—Fastigium

of the vertex more sharply pointed. Lateral keels of the

pronotum gently, but distinctly, incurved in the middle of

the prozona, dilated and strongly divergent in metazona ;

lateral lobes of pronotum without callous incrassation of their

fore margin. General coloration greyish-ochraceous ; lateral

keels of pronotum ivory-coloured, margined in metazona

from inside by the velvety-castaneous fasciz ; lateral lobes

blackish alongside the lateral keels, indefinitely marmorated

with brown elsewhere, with an ivory callous spot behind and

below the middle ; the coloration of other parts much the

same as in L. callosa, but the sides of the abdomen not

rufous.

@ (paratype). Differs from that of L. callosa by the shape

of the lateral keels of the pronotum and by the coloration.

mm. mm.

WMength of body Wee .e ree 11 16

* pronotumy...\5-. 2°75 35

- Oly traiiers cyavater< 8 10

Hf hind femora .... iG 9

The type and twenty-one paratypic specimens are all from

Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, taken 13.ii.—19. v. 1918 ;

one more female is from Boshof, 17.v.1917. They are

rather variable in coloration, but easily recognisable by the

shape of the frontal keels, which are always margined with

black or brown on the outside, and in metazona on the

inside as well.

LOUNSBURYNA, gen. nov.

Small, but not slender, somewhat recalling Dociostaurus in

its habitus, though much smaller than any species of that

genus. Antenne slightly compressed dorso-ventrally, in the

male extending a little beyond the hind margin of the pro-

notum, in the female scarcely reaching it. Head distinctly

ral

South African Grasshoppers. 543

thicker than the pronotum and prominent above. Face dis-

tinctly reclinate, forming an acute, but widely rounded angle

with the fastigium of the vertex, [Frontal ridge in profile

straight, regularly and gradually widened towards the

clypeus, almost reaching the latter, suleate throughout, its

sulcus confluent with the upper impression of the fastigium

of the vertex. Fastigium of the vertex distinctly sloping, in

the male longer Shan broad, in the female as broad as long,

its margins strongly convergent forwards and running over

to the front as the lateral margins of the frontal ridge ; the

surface of the fastigium impressed, more so in the male.

Temporal foveole undeveloped; the sides of fastigium

vertical, high. Pronotum short and thick, distinctly, though

broadly, constricted before its middle; fore margin very

widely rounded; hind margin obusangulately rounded :

median keel very feeble in prozona, more raised in meta-

zona, cut by the transverse sulcus in the middle ; that sulcus

is deep and straight, while the anterior sulci are scarcely

perceptible on the disc; lateral keels strongly incurved,

distinctly raised in the fore part of prozona only, disap-

pearing between the sulci, very low, but clearly indicated by

ivory-coloured callosities in the metazona ; surface of the

dise distinctly rounded, especially so in the prozona ; lateral

lobes higher than long, with the lower margin sinuate.

Mesosternal lobes and their interspace decidedly transverse

in both sexes, more so in the female. Metasternal lobes in

the male distinctly, in the female widely separated. LElytra

extending a little beyond the hind knees, hyaline through-

out; the discoidal field without an intercalate vein. Wings

broad ; radial veins incrassate ; discoidal area widened in

both sexes, but much more so in the male. Fore and middle

femora in the male distinctly incrassate. Hind femora in

the male slightly incrassate, in the female more slender,

gradually narrowed towards the apex. Hind tibize slightly

widened apically, rounded, armed with eight outer and ten

inner spines ; inner apical spurs about twice as long as the

outer ones, but subequal to each other, strongly curved.

Genotype: Lounsburyna capensis, sp. 0.

This is a member of the essentially New World group

Orphulz, which is represented in the Hastern hemisphere

by only three known genera—Calephorus, Fieb., Froggattia,

Bol., and Comacris, Bol.; there is no doubt that the South

African fauna includes more undescribed genera.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this genus to Mr. Chas.

P. Lounsbury, Chief of the Division of Entomology, Pretoria.

544 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

4. Lounsburyna capensis, sp. n.

¢. Brownish grey, with whitish and grey markings. Face

with grey and brownish punctures and marmoration ; cheeks

whitish ; occiput with a somewhat paler longitudinal fascia

between two narrow and indefinite brown lines; a narrow,

pale, postocular line. Lateral keels of the pronotum callous,

ivory-white, and strongly convergent between the fore

margin and the first transverse sulcus ; obliterated between

the sulci; indicated by rather broad, ivory-white, strongly

divergent fasciw in the metazona; margined internally by

an indistinct brownish fascia. Lateral lobes with an indefi-

nite blackish spot in the middle and an ivory-white callous

stripe below and behind it, reaching the hind margin.

Elytra with the mediastinal area extending beyond the

middle of the fore margin, not dilated; scapular area reach-

ing almost the apex of the elytra, narrow ; externo-median

area reaching the apex, narrower than the scapular area;

discoidal area extending to the middle of the elytra, rather

broad, sparsely, but irregularly reticulated ; interulnar area

a little narrower than the discoidal, with sparse irregular

reticulation; anal area rather broad, with sparse oblique

veinlets, radial veins blackened ; a row of brownish and

hyaline round spots along the middle of the elytra. Fore

and middle legs with indefinite greyish and brownish bands.

Wings infumate at the apex. Hind femora with two brown

spots on the upper side, extending on the outside, where

they form very oblique, indefinite, greyish fascize reaching

the middle line; lower sulcus, as well as the hind tibie,

muddy yellowish. Pectus and abdomen pale.

9 (paratype). The coloration more brownish and_ the

design more pronounced than in the male. Frontal ridge

with two pairs of black streaks along the marginal carinve

near the clypeus. Metazona of pronotum reddish brown ;

lateral keels very pale and strongly marginated both inside

and outside with blackish. Design on the elytra and hind

femora of the same pattern as in the male, but more pro-

nounced. Wings less infumate apically.

3 (type). Q (paratype).

mm. mm.

sGonpihvol Ody nine. ee 11:5 16°5

if NSIC bole ess ery Ah : 2 2°5

ie pronotum ...... 2°5 2°75

3 BliviGRe fy erate 9°5 125

es hind femora .... 7 i)

The male type and two female cotypes are from Beaufort

South African Grasshoppers. 545

West, Cape Province, 25. iv. and 28. x.1917; another

cotypic maleis from Jansenville, Cape Province, 18.ix. 1917.

This interesting insect is very easily recognisable by its

habitus, shape of the head and pronotum, and venation of

elytra and wings.

5. Comacris semicarinatus, Gerst.

There are in the British Museum two specimens from

Durban, 1902 (/. Muir); the species has not been pre-

viously recorded from South Africa.

6. Afolopus latus, sp. n.

?. Of the size of A. thalassinus, but more robustly built.

Antenne not reaching the hind margin of the pronotum.

Head distinctly thicker than the pronotum in its fore part,

a little shorter than the pronotum, moderataly reclinate.

Face and cheeks smooth, very sparsely and finely punctured.

Frontal ridge thick, convex, feebly impressed at the ocellum,

sparsely punctured below the latter and densely above it ;

margins of the ridge very obtuse, gradually divergent from

the fastigium downwards, disappearing just below the

middle ocellum. Temporal foveole only half as long again

as broad, narrowed apically, very feebly impressed, rugu-

losely punctured ; their lower margin indistinct, interrupted

by the punctures. Fastigium of the vertex a little broader

than long, almost horizontal, rotundato-pentagonal, with a

distinct transverse impression near the base ; its margins

very slightly raised, obtuse. Pronotum distinctly constricted

just behind the fore margin ; its disc distinctly convex in

the prozona, almost flat and strongly dilated in the meta-

zona; median keel rather thick and low, cut by the transverse

sulcus distinctly before its middle; hind angle obtuse,

rounded, with its sides straight (not convex, as in A. thalas-

sinus); the dise of prozona smooth, that of the metazona

smooth in the fore part and in the middle, and densely

punctured behind and on the sides; lateral lobes not much

higher than long, very feebly narrowed downwards, with the

fore margin sinuate, lower margin obtusangulate in the

middle, hind margin straight and almost vertical; the fore

lower angle obtuse ; hind angle straight, scarcely rounded

at the apex; the prozona distinctly, and metazona densely

punctured. Sternum as in 4d. thalassinus. Meso- and

metapleurze very coarsely rugulose. Elytra rather broad,

extending a little beyond the hind knees ; their venation as

in A. thalassinus. Hind femora short and thick, not reaching

546 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

the apex of the abdomen, with the apical part scarcely

attenuate. Hind tibiz only a little shorter than the hind

femora.

General coloration green and brown. Face green. Cheeks

marmorated with blackish; a broad blackish postocular

fascia ; occiput marmorate with brownish, with two green

sublateral fascia, divergent behind. Pronotum green, with

two narrow chocolate streaks on the metazona and blackish-

chocolate upper parts of lateral lobes ; the middle part of

the latter more or less brownish. Elytra with the base

brown, with small green spots in the scapular area ; a narrow,

slightly oblique, transverse fascia in the basal third, followed

by a much broader brown fascia; the apical third hyaline,

with an indefinite brownish fascia and several spots; wings

slightly infumate apically. Hind femora green above, three

indistinct dark fascie in the upper inner area; the

externo-median area greyish white, with indefinite brownish

streaks along the middle and on the upper and lower keels ;

the lower sulci pale ; the inside red in the basal half, greenish

towards the apex, with a large, though interrupted, black

spot near the base, and a second smaller, but better-defined

transverse fascia behind the middle ; the knee with a brownish

semilunar spot outwardly and with a deep black spot of the

same shape inwardly. Hind tibie bright red, gradually

becoming paler towards the base, with a small black sub-

basal spot on the inside and a broader fascia, black on the

inside, brownish on the outside, before the middle ; spines

pale with black apices. Hind tarsi pale, with the first joint

somewhat reddish.

3 (paratype). Differs from the female type by the antenne

reaching the hind margin of the pronotum ; temporal foveolee

more distinctly narrowed anteriorly and more concave ; the

general coloration is greyish brown, with a brown design,

the pattern of which is essentially the same as in the

female.

mm. mim.

Length of body ....... hee 27 185

_ head ts. Fs 5 sacs 4 3

=f pronotum ...... 5 3°75

= @lytra: sass ee com 22°5 ile

hind femora .... 14 11

The type and eight paratypes are from Bloemfontein,

Orange Free State, 24.11.-4.1v.1918 ; five paratypes from

Pretoria (WW. L. Distant); one paratype from Pretoria,

10. iv. 1918; one from Salisbury, Mashonaland, April 1899

South African Grasshoppers. 547

(G. A. K. Marshall); five paratypes from Orange River

Colony (G. L. H. B. Hamilton).

The species is rather variable in its coloration, as is the

case with most species of ¥Zolopus, and I have purposely

described as paratype a specimen differing from the type in

coloration, but it is easily recognisable by the very broad

temporal foveolee with their lower margin more or less inter-

rupted by puncturation; from A. thalassinus it may be

also separated by its much thicker head, broader pronotum,

and, especially, by the broad hind femora. There is in the

Oxford Museum a specimen of this species from Salisbury,

Mashonaland (G. A. K. Marshall), named by I. Bolivar as

Epacromia contortipes, Bol., evidently a manuscript name.

Some of paratypic specimens from Pretoria have the elytra

shorter than in the type and the head thicker ; they much

recall in their habitus a species of Gidaleus, but they do

not present any definite character by which they can be

separated from A. latus.

ANZXOLOPUS, gen. nov.

Closely related to olopus. Antenne rather thick, dis-

tinetly flattened throughout, very feebly thickened towards

the apex, in both sexes not reaching the hind angle of the

pronotum. Head distinctly reclinate. Frontal ridge sulcate

throughout or nearly so, with the margins thick, gradually

divergent downwards. Fastigium distinctly prominent before

the eyes, acutangular in the male, rectangular in the

female ; slightly sloping and impressed. Temporal foveolee

very strongly reclinate, almost vertical, scarcely visible from

above, trapezoidal, strongly narrowed anteriorly, twice as

long as the basal width, distinctly impressed, with margins

sharp, but not at’all margined behind. Pronotum distinctly

constricted before the middle ; median keel low, but distinct,

cut by the transverse sulcus far before the middle; lateral

keels in prozona developed, though sometimes very feeble,

strongly convergent towards the first transverse sulcus and

as strongly divergent behind it ; im metazona they are less

developed, often smooth and replaced by pale lines, not

reaching the hind margin; hind angle straight or even acute,

with the apex not at all rounded ; lateral lobes asin olopus.

Mesosternal lobes transverse, with a transverse interspace.

Metasternal lobes separated in both sexes. Hlytra quite like

those of -dolopus ; intercalate vein in the discoidal field

thick, apically nearer to the radial vein than to the ulnar;

interulnar area with two rows of cells, separated by a rather

548 Mr. B. P. Uvarov on

regular false vein. Hind femora moderately dilated, with

the apex slightly attenuate. Hind tibiz a little shorter than

femora; inner lower spur more than twice as long as the

lower outer one and about one-third longer than the inner

upper spur; both inner spurs thick, gradually bent. The

external genitalia as in Aolopus.

Genotype: Gomphocerus (/pacromia) socius, Stal.

This new genus is very easily separated from the closely

related Afolopus, as well as from other genera of the same

group, by the almost vertical position of the temporal

foveole, which are, besides, not marginated behind; the

length of the inner tibial spurs is also very characteristic.

7. Aneolopus socius, Stal. (Fig. 1.)

1860. Gomphocerus (Epacromia) socius, Stal, Eugenies Resa, Orth.

p. 342. no. 100.

1870. Stenobothrus minusculus, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. p. 763.

no. 61.

1870. Epacromia (?) prasina, Walker, J. c. p. 770. no. 9.

1910. Chirista (?) socta, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. iii. p. 142. no. 1.

1910. Chortotcetes minusculus, Kirhy, /. c. p. 193. no. 7.

1910. Chortoicetes prasina, Kirby, 7. ¢. p. 193. no, 8.

The species is extremely variable not only in its coloration,

but in some morphological characters as well. ‘hus, the

hind angle of the pronotum may be either sharp or straight ;

the lateral keels are s»metimes rather well developed even

in the metazona, aud sometimes scarcely perceptible in the

prozona; there are often two irregular longitudinal keels

parallel to the median keel (mentioned by Stal, /. c. p. 343),

Fig. 1.

Aneolopus soeius (Stal).

but in many cases there is no trace of those keels ; elytra are

now shorter than hind femora, now distinctly longer and

more narrow. As for coloration, St. prasinus, Walk., and

Ep. minuscula, Walk., represent two extreme forms, which

are connected by an uninterrupted series of intermediate

colour-forms, and Gomphocerus socius, St., belongs to one

South African Grasshoppers. 549

of these. These variations in the morphology and coloration

do not, however, permit of the establishment even of definite

geographical forms, and much less can they be separated

into distinct species.

I have before me a very long series from the following

localities :—Bloemfontein, Orange Free State; Pretoria ;

Deelfontein ; Namaqualand ; Smithsfield district; Albert

district.

The synonymy of Stal’s species with those of Walker is

beyond any doubt.

8. Paraparya brevipennis, sp. n.

6. Body slender, strongly compressed laterally. Antennz

reaching the hind margin of the pronotum ; their first and

second joints cylindrical ; the third to eighth joints strongly

flattened, triangular ; third joint the widest and longer than

any other except the sixth, which is as long as the third ;

the fourth joint shorter than half the first and about twice

as broad as long ; the fifth joint about twice as long as the

fourth, slightly narrower than the latter, and a little longer

than broad ; the sixth joint much longer than broad, a little

longer and distinctly narrower than the fifth ; the seventh

joint much narrower than the sixth and distinctly shorter

than half the latter, broader than long ; the eighth as broad

as the seventh, but distinctly longer; all the remaining

joints subrotundate, only slightly flattened, strongly punc-

tured throughout ; the apical joint conical. Face strongly

reclinate, rugulosely ridged; frontal ridge between the fas-

tigium and the median ocellum subparallel (only slightly

narrowed in the middle of that distance) and gradually

widening below the ocellum, sulcate throughout, with a few

longitudinal rugosities in its lower part. Fastigium of the

vertex, as seen in profile, distinctly shorter than the eye,

though longer than its half; when seen from above it is

much longer than broad, with the apex regularly rounded

aud sides parallel; its surface is. slightly impressed, with

irregular longitudinal rugosities and a well-developed median

keel extending from its apex to the pronotum, though lower

in the bind part of the occiput. The occiput and the cheeks

longitudinally rugulose. Pronotum with the longitudinal

ridges on the disc more dense and regular in the metazona ;

its median keel rather thick, well developed throughout, cut

by the transverse sulcus far behind the middle; the lateral

keels as thick as the median, very feebly concave; the fore

550 On South African Grasshoppers.

margin of the disc rounded ; its hind margin very obtusely

rounded; lateral lobes distinctly longer than high, with

irregular longitudinal rugosities throughout, except at the

upper third, which is rather smooth, not shining; the lower

margin is very obtusely angulate in the middle; the fore

angle is obtuse, not rounded ; the hind angle a little less

than 90°, slightly attenuate, very feebly rounded ; the hind

margin distinctly concave and uneven. Prosternum slightly

convex. Mesosternum and metasternum sparsely but coarsely

punctured; mesosternal lobes slightly broader than long,

strongly rounded at the interior margins ; their interspace

a little longer than broad, widened anteriorly and posteriorly ;

metasternal lobes distinctly separated from each other.

Elytra reaching just a little beyond the middle of the abdo-

men, with the apex pointed. Hind femora extending well

beyond the apex of the abdomen, narrow ; the outer upper

keel slightly prolonged, the inner upper one more so; the

knee-lobes short, narrow, triangular, rounded apically.

Abdomen coarsely punctured throughout, especially on the

sides and towards the end. Supra-anal plate obtusely

triangular, longer than broad, with two parallel obtuse

carinze along the middle, slightly convergent behind. Cerci

straight, round, about as long as tle supra-anal plate.

Subgenital plate very coarsely punctured, about twice as

long as the basal width, slightly attenuate, with the apex

obtuse.

General coloration blackish brown. Head and antenne

black; the apical half of the latter brown ; the cheeks with

a whitish stripe running backwards across the lower third

of the pronotal lobes and the pleuree. Pronotum brown.

Elytra of a lighter shade, with a narrow whitish callous

stripe in the scapular field ; the mediastinal and the discoidal

areas darker than the rest of the elytra. Hind femora

brown, darker below than on the upper side, gradually

darkened towards the knees, which are almost black. Wings

orange-yellow, with the apex infumate. Hind tibiz blackish.

Pectus and abdomen brownish yellow beneath.

2 (paratype). Antenne shorter than in the male, with

the outer angles of the joints 3-8 very feebly produced.

Mesosternal interspace about as long as broad ; metasternal

lobes widely separated. General coloration of a lighter

shade than in the male; the lateral fascia on the head,

pronotum, and pleure buff, mstead of white ; the scapular

callous fascia of the elytra dirty yellow. Hind tibia dark

grey.

On anew Grasshopper from Mount Everest. do1

3 (type). 2 (paratype).

mm, mm.

Meneth of body. sree. <0 19 265

- Heng (irae ete ccs 4 5

Ps pronotum...... 4 oo

me elytra, tnaaes:- 8°5 11

ef hind femora .,.. il 14

Described from one male and two females from Tzaneen,

Transvaal, 10.xu1.1918. The second paratypic female is

almost as dark-coloured above as the male, but without a

distinct lateral fascia on the head, pronotum, and pleurze ;

the lateral lobes of the pronotum are uniformly buff-

coloured ; the elytra are also uniformly coloured, without

scapular stripe, the scapular area being callous but uni-

colorous with the rest of the elytra. The coloration in this

species seems to be rather inconstant, but it is very well

defined by its morphological characters, and very easily

separated from the only known species of the genus,

Paraparga strigosa, Bol., by its shortened elytra.

LXILL.—An interesting new Grasshopper from Mount

Everest. By B. P. Uvarov, F.E.S.

THouGH the Mount Everest Expedition of 1921 brought

home only two specimens of grasshoppers, one of them proved

to be extremely interesting and representing a new genus,

which is described below. Another specimen is a Bryodema

sp. which cannot at present be named specifically, as it is a

female, while the species nearest to it—Bryodema holdereri,

Krauss,—described from Kuku-Nor in Mongolia, is known

in the male sex only.

HYPERNEPHIA, gen. nov.

?. Superficially not unlike the genus Conophyma, but

differing in many characters.

Antenne 17-jointed, distinctly longer than the head and

pronotum taken together, in the apical half compressed and

very slightly dilated. Head thick. Frontal ridge in profile

feebly reclinate, convex near the clypeus and practically

straight in the rest ; seen from the front it is broad, flat, with

the margins obtuse, not at all raised, subparallel, suddenly

and completely convergent at the fastigium, obliterate near

d92 On anew Grasshopper from Mount Everest.

the clypeus. Lateral facial keels obtuse, in the upper part

obliterate. Fastigium of the vertex somewhat sloping,

forming a rounded angle with the frontal ridge, slightly

impressed, with the margins scarcely raised, acutangularly

convergent in front. Temporal foveole placed obliquely,

elongate, not reaching the apex of the fastigium. All ocelli

undeveloped. Eyes comparatively small, very broad-oval ;

with the fore lower angle acute ; their height much less than

the subocular distance ; the distance between the eyes about

half as broad again as the frontal ridge below antennee.

Pronotum short and thick, subcylindrical, its dise feebly

tectiform ; the median keel very low, linear, interrupted by

the third sulcus only, while two other ‘sulei are undeveloped ;

lateral keels scarcely perceptible, irregular, somewhat diver-

gent behind; hind margin obtusangularly excised, exposing

the short mesonotum. Prosternum only slightly swollen, but

not armed. Mesosternum very broad, with the interspace

transverse, LElytra rudimentary, very short and narrow.

No abdominal tympanum. Hind femora comparatively

narrow, gradually narrowed towards the apex, without a

distinct filiform part. Hind tibise with seven to eight outer

spines, without an apicai one, and with nine or ten inner

spines including the apical one. Valve of the ovipositor

short and thick, lower ones without teeth.

Genotype: Hypernephia everesti, sp. nu.

Hypernephia everesti, sp. n.

?. Dark brown, indistinctly marmorated with blackish,

dull, but practically smooth. Face somewhat shining, though:

rugulose; frontal ridge flat, sparsely but rather coarsely

punctured, with an indistinct impression at the place of the

median ocellum, slightly narrowed below it, widened and

disappearing farther downwards. Fastigium of the vertex

somewhat longer than broad, pentagonal, with the apical

angle acute; its hind lateral margins short, not reaching

the middle of the eyes. Disc of the pronotum only a little

longer than it is broad behind ; prozona twice as long as

metazona ; lateral keels very feeble, irregular, parallel in the

front third, then slightly divergent towards the typical sulcus,

which is very feeble, and more divergent, but broken and

very irregular in metazona. Lateral lobes of the pronotum

higher than long; their lower margin very widely rounded

just behind the middle, with its fore half ascending and .

forming a widely rounded obtuse angle with the fore margin ;

hind angle about 90°, rounded ; their surface uneven, convex

On some Fijian Psyllidee. 553

in metazona, impressed in the lower third of the prozona, with

some short and low longitudinal carinulee between the trans-

verse sulci which are scarcely developed but still perceptible.

Elytra extending a little beyond the middle of the meta-

notum, four or five times as long as at the base, broad,

narrowed towards the rounded apex. Abdomen with a low,

linear, median keel, Hind femora probably olivaceous in

lite ; hind tibie pale brown (reddish in life ?).

Length of body 14 mm.; pronotum 3 mm.; elytra 1-5 mm.;

hind femur 8°5 mm.

The type is labelled “Mt. Everest Exped. Up to

18,500 ft., July, 1921.” It is in the British Museum

collection.

The exact systematic position of this curious insect is not

yet clear, It evidently has nothing to do with Conophyma,

which it resembles so closely at first sight, because it has no

outer apical spine of the hind tibis, and belongs therefore to

another division, The absence of the prosternal spine seems

even to indicate that it is a member of either Acridinze

(=Truxalinz) or Locustinee (=CE&dipodine), but I am more

inclined to include it in Catantopinee judging by all other

characters, though a definite solution may be arrived at only

after the male sex is described.

It is a great pity that only one specimen has been brought

by the Expedition, though the insects are undoubtedly not

uncommon on the Alpine pastures. It is worth drawing the

attention of all future collectors on high altitudes in Central

Asia that their Orthopterous fauna is wholly unexplored, and

collecting of small, wingless, larvee-like grasshoppers 1s

especially desirable, as they are usually strictly localized, and

their extensive study may throw some light on the origin and

history of the Palssarctic fauna.

LXIV.—On some Fijian Psyllidee (Homoptera).

By F. Laine, M.A., B.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Turoven the kindness of Dr. G. A. K. Marshall, Director

of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, I have been able

to examine a collection of Psyllide from Fiji. Three un-

described species appear to be present, and descriptions of

them are given herewith.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. ix. 36

554. Mr. F. Laing on

Paurocephala psylloptera, Crawf.

This widely distributed species has not hitherto been

recorded from Fiji, though its variety setifera has. Green-

wood has recently taken the type-species plentifully on

Ficus in the mountains of Lautoka.

Leptynoptera didactyla, sp. un. (Fig. 1.)

General colour canary-yellow ; black fascia at the tips of

segment 4 and tip of the antennze and midway between,

remainder of the antenne pale ; narrow, sordid white bands

forming a U on either side of the median suture of the

vertex and another on the lateral margin ; two white lateral

Fie. 1.

Leptynoptera didactyla.

A, head; B, 2 genitalia; C, gd genitalia; D, K, front and hind wings ;

I’, first two segments of antenna.

spots on the pronotum, two white, narrow, parallel-curved

bands on either side of the dorsulum, ending before they

reach the middle; mesonotum with three parallel, straight,

narrow, median streaks, a curved one medio-laterally, and

another marginally, all vague or obsolete anteriorly ; wings

hyaline with two dark brown fascia confluent posteriorly in

the anterior basal cell ; abdomen with most of the segments

bordered with dark brown.

Head not quite so broad as the thorax, vertex with a fovea

on either side of the median suture, broad anteriorly,

narrowing backwards to end level with the lateral ocelli,

some Fijian Psyllide. 555

elevated over the base of the antennz, a few longish pale

hairs. Antenne short, about twice the breadth of the

vertex, basal two segments cup-shaped, slightly porrected on

one side. Dorsulum with a faint median carina. Tegmina

about twice as long as broad ; hind wings very small, Pinout

one-fifth the length of the tegmina, partially bilobed, the

costal and anal margins chitinized. Genitalia, female with

anal segment about two-thirds the length of the abdomen,

dorsal valve scarcely longer than the ventral, bluntly

rounded, ventral valve black-pointed, angled ventrad, with

a bunch of strong spines in the angle; male with the

forceps about two-thirds the length of the anal valve, the

last tergite produced backwards into a strong subconical

process.

Length 2°3 mm.; length of tegmen 3 mm.

Fiji, Cuvu, on Calophyllum inophyllum, L. (W. Greenwood ).

The narrow white bands should distinguish this species

from L. sulphurea, Crawf., the only other member of the

genus.

Nestope ornata, Kirk.

Fiji, Cuvu, feeding on the underside of the leaves of

Heritiera littoralis, Dry. (WV. Greenwood).

I have a considerable series of this species, and the varia-

tion in the colour on the notum is greater than that

indicated in the original description, which was drawn up

from one specimen. ‘The white median line is by no means

distinctly marked and in many specimens is completely

obliterated.

Ipipsylla bilineata, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Apple-green, with two broad, parallel, silvery bands

narrowly bordered with very dark brown to purple, running

from the tips of the genal cones through the vertex and

thorax and converging in an oval spot ou the postscutellum ;

a seinicircular patch between the posterior ocelli and the

base of tle antenne. Between the silvery bands on the

dorsulum is a brownish patch, and on either side on

the mesouotum are vague brownish areas. Antenne with

the first two segments brown, III. brown with black tip,

IV., V., VI. black with brown bases, remaining segments

black.

Head as broad as the thorax; vertex rather flat in the

middle, strongly elevated in the postocellar areas, with a

few plack hairs; a row of very short black hairs on the

36*

556 Mr. F. Laing on

margin of the semicircular silvery patch and ventrally to

the ocelli. Antenne Jong and slender, longer than the

whole insect. Thorax arched. Tegmina hyaline, a little

more than twice as long as broad, Genitalia, male with

anal valve obovate, forceps about two-thirds the length of

the anal valve, black at the tip, pubescent, an inner, shorter,

accessory pair present; female with dorsal valve if anything

slightly longer than the ventral, the whole very short.

Fig. 2.

Epipsylla bilineata.

A, tegmen; B, head; C, @ genitalia; D, 3 genitalia.

Length 3 mm.; length to the tip of the closed tegmina

5 mm,

Fiji, Cuvu (W. Greenwood and R. Veitch).

This species may be distinguished from £. pulchra, Crawf.,

its nearest ally, by the green coloration and the absence of

the white line on the genal cones below the antenne.,

Arytaina quadrioculata, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Dark brown, in the inner angles of the genal cones and in

the apical angles of the vertex, above the median ocellus,

circular pale spots; vertex with on either side of the median

suture, a sordid white band reaching from the posterior

some Fijian Psyllide. 557

margin halfway forward, another curved one running from

the lateral ocellus around the margin; on the posterior

border midway between these two bands a white spot.

Postero-lateral ocelli black. Pronotum on posterior margin

with short white perpendicular bands, the median pair

confluent anteriorly ; mesonotum with a median whitish

band not quite reaching the front border and marginally

vaguely white; dorsulum obscurely testaceous; scutellum

with white spots, one anterior, median, two posteriorly, and

a lateral band. Tegmina infuscated, more deeply in a wide

marginal band running from the apex to beyond the second

discoidal; nervures pilose.

Arytaina quadrioculata.

A,tegmen ; B, head; C, $ genitalia; D, ? genitalia.

Head not so wide as the thorax, hind margin of vertex

slightly concave, with numerous hairs, Genal cones short,

broad, rounded at apex, pilose. Antenne very long, longer

than the body. Mesonotum and dorsulum pubescent.

Tegmina slightly more than twice as long as_ broad.

Genitalia, male with anal valve broad at base, tapering

_ towards the tip, emarginate; forceps obovate-truncate, on

the outer upper angle numerous short, strong, black spines ;

female with the genital segment fully as long as the rest of

the abdomen, dorsal valve longer than ventral, truncate at

tip, ventral valve with a strong spine at tip.

Total length 31 mm.; length to tip of folded tegmina

4mm.

Fiji, Labasa (R. Veitch).

The markings are not always conspicuous; the circular

pale spots on the head may be partially obscured, and one

male has the white bands almost obliterated.

Di Mr. K. G. Blair on Coleoptera of the

LX V.—Coleoptera of the Mt. Everest Expedition, 1921.

By K. G. Buatr, B.Sc., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tun collection of Coleoptera obtained by the Expedition

during the summer of 1921 is unfortunately very meagre,

consisting only of twenty-one specimens belonging to eight

species, and divided among seven families. Most of them

were obtained in July at the camp above Rhumbu Glacier,

north-west of Everest, at an elevation of 18,500 feet. In

spite of its meagreness, the collection is interesting in con-

taining three species that are here described as new to science,

as well as two others that are probably new, but both

are represented by single specimens, too incomplete to

warrant description. Several of the species here recorded

were obtained in greater number by the members of the

Thibet Expedition of 1904 at somewhat lower altitudes.

It is greatly to be hoped that more sustained efforts will

be made during the coming season to secure a collection

more representative of this faunistically interesting region.

Opportunities of collecting in regions so difficult of access

are few, and when they do occur it is a thousand pities if

they are uot seized to the fullest.

The following is a list of the species obtained, all of which

have now been placed in the National Collection at South

Kensington.

Fam. Silphide.

Necrophorus semenowi, Reitter, Ent. Nachr. ¥xi. 1887,p. 2G:

One specimen.

Described from Thibet, the species was not previously

represented in the British Museum,

Fam. Elateride.

Lacon brunnipennis, Candéze, Mon. Elat. 1. 1857, p. 133.

One specimen.

Also from Tungu, Teesta Valley, Sikkim, by Thibet Ex-

pedition, 1903-04.

Fam. Rutelide.

Callistopopillia iris, Candeze, Col. Hefte, v. 1869, p. 43.

One specimen,

Represented in the British Museum by numerous speci-

Mt. Everest Expedition, 1921. 539

mens from Kurseong, Mungphu, and Darjeeling, and from

Yatong, Thibet.

‘am. Tenebrionida.

Blaps thibetana, sp. u.

Stout, moderately convex above; antenne short, not

reaching base of thorax, joints 4-7 not twice as long as wide.

Thorax transverse, convex, sides rounded, distinetly narrowed

to base, disc moderately densely and strongly punctate.

Elytra broad, moderately convex, sharply declivous behind,

not produced at apex, lateral margin visible from above nearly

to middle; disc finely rugose, with numerous small back-

wardly directed granules which are subseriately arranged,

with numerous faintly indicated impressed striz. Legs not

very long, femora feebly clavate, anterior and intermediate

tibiz slightly curved, the former not emarginate at base ;

first joint of posterior tarsi longer than the two following

together, asyminetrical at apex, 7. e. the inner side longer

than the outer, the second and third joints elongate, tri-

angular, but not twice as long as wide.

d with hair-pad between first and second abdominal

segments, the former with transverse folds immediately

behind coxze, but no tubercle and no caudal prolongation of

elytra; shape slightly more slender than that of ?.

Length 16 mm.

Two ¢ ¢ and three ? 2? collected by present expedition:

numerous examples of both sexes from Gyangtse, 13,000 feet,

June 1904.

The species would appear to fall into Abth. il. gr. 3 of

Seidlitz’s table, and to resemble B. rugulipennis, Fairm., in the

absence of a caudal prolongation to the elytra, but froin

this it differs in the shorter antenn and tarsi. In general

aspect it is, perhaps, most like B. rugosa, Gebl., but has the

thorax more transverse, more convex, and more narrowed

behind, the elytra very much more finely, aud differently

sculptured with about eighteen faint striz more or less clearly

indicated.

Blaps apicecostata, sp. n.

Elongate, narrow, subnitid, dorsum depressed; antennie

reaching base of thorax ( ? ) or extending beyond it( 3 ), joints

4-7 twice as long as wide, 8-10 moniliform; thorax not very

strongly convex, a little wider than long, the disc finely

and densely but rather irregularly punctate; elytra depressed

on the back, the lateral carina visible from above in its

560 Mr. K. G. Blair on Coleoptera of the

anterior half, being concealed in its posterior half by a blunt

costa, which projects above it and meets its fellow at the

apex. On the disc are faint indications of striz with feebly

convex intervals ; these become a little more raised behind,

especially the third, which unites with the marginal costa

(7th interval) a little before the apex. The apex in both

sexes projects a little beyond the last ventral segment, but

is not produced into a caudal process. Prosternal process

rounded, declivous behind cox ; legs moderately slender,

femora feebly clavate, first joint of posterior tarsi symmetrical,

as long as the two following together.

& without abdominal fascicle, longer and narrower than ¢ .

Size, ¢ 21x75 mm., ? 19x8 mm.

Two 2 2 collected by the present Expedition, two ¢ ¢

and two ? ? by the Thibet Expedition, Tungu, Sikkim,

July 1903 (12), and Gyangtse, 13,000 feet, June 1904.

In the synopsis given by Seidlitz (Krichs. Ins. Deutsch.

Abt. i. Bd. v. 1898), this species would come in Abth. 11.

er. 14, next to B. gentilis, Fairm. From this it differs in its

larger size, narrower form, stouter legs, more distinctly

vranulate elytra, and the very characteristic coste visible on

the apical declivity.

In this last particular it is approached by B. indica, Hope,

from Nepal, but the latter is much smaller (14 mm.), has

the thorax much narrower than the elytra, which are strougly

rounded laterally.

Blaps sp.

A single 2, possibly only a form of the last.

Fam. Cistelide. (ALLECULID2.)

Cteniopinus semicoccineus, sp. n.

Dull black, with the elytra and abdomen scarlet. Head

elongate, densely punctate above; antennie slender, in

reaching middle of elytra, in ¢ a little shorter, second joint

not longer than wide, the rest elongate, the eleventh suddenly

constricted so that the apical third is much narrower than

the rest. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate, a little

longer and wider than the preceding. Thorax nearly flat,

campanulate, widest at base, sides sharply carinate in basal

half, but obtuse or rounded towards apex, dise densely

punctate. Elytra subparallel, striz sharply punctate, but

not much impressed, the first, third, fifth, ete. intervals

narrower than the rest, the broad intervals containing small

Mt. Everest Expedition, 1921. 561

irregular depressions defined by circles of punctures; these

circles become very irregular and confluent with the striz, so

that on the central portion of the wing striz and cireles

become hopelessly confused. Prosternal process raised above

level of coxe, but not projecting behind them; abdomen

scarlet, with the posterior edges of the third and fourth seg-

ments black, posterior coxze rounded behind, slightly pro-

truding over first abdominal segment; the latter fits closely up

against it, but is of a softish texture, and does not form a

sharp marginal rim to the coxal cavity; the intercoxal process

also is depressed between the cox, not flush with the

metasternum; intermediate and posterior tibiz arcuate.

¢ with sixth abdominal segment deeply excavate and

emarginate, the anterior and intermediate tarsi elongate,

first joint scarcely longer than second; in the ? it is nearly

twice as long.

Length 13-15 mm.

One ¢ and two @ 2.

The general appearance of tlis insect is very much that of

a Cistelomorpha, aud the confused elytral striz recall those

of C. hematica, Redt., but the formation of the posterior cox

and the articulation of metathorax and abdomen preclude its

being placed in that genus. A closely allied species, but

with dark blue-black elytra with very much deeper impressions

giving them an irregular crumbled appearance, with similar

bright red abdomen with black transverse bands between the

third and fourth, aud fourth and fifth segments, bears the

name Lechinius catenulatus (Bates MS.) in the British

Museum Collection. It is from Sikkim.

Fam. Meloide.

Mylabris (Pseudabris?) przewalskyi, Dokhtouroff, Hore

Soc. Ent. Ross. xxi. 1887, p. 341; xxiv. 1890, pl. i.

figs. 11, 12.

Six specimens by the present Expedition; numerous

examples from Gyangtse, 13,000 feet, June 1904, Lhasa,

August and September 1904, and Khamba Jong, Sikkim,

(15,000-16,000 teet), July 1903, by the Thibet Expedition,

1903-04.

This species is labelled by Dr. Creighton Wellman “ Pseuda-

bris tigriodera, Fairm. (?),” but the identity appears to me

doubtful. Pseudabris is described as being wingless with

short metasternum and slightly dehiscent elytra, while the

antenne are stated to be not thicker towards the apex. The

abdomen is also said to project considerably beyond the

562 Mr. K. G. Blair on the

elytra, which is seldom the case in M. przewalskyi. The

description of the form of the head, the sculpture, and

coloration of the elytra agree well with this species, but the

characters cited above indicate a different, though perhaps

closely allied, genus.

Fam. Curculionide.

Leptomias sp.

Allied to L. waltoni, Marshall, from Sikkim; the single

specimen is incomplete and insufficiently well preserved for

description,

LX VI.—The Mordellide of the Fiji Islands.

By K. G. Buarr, B.Sce., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A stncue species of this interesting family appears to have

been hitherto recorded from the Fiji Islands, viz., Mordel-

listena dodonea, Montr., originally described from New

Caledonia. A small collection sent from time to time to

the Imperial Bureau of Entomology for identification con-

tains not less than nine species, including that mentioned.

Of the others one species is identified with scme doubt as

Mordella 10-guttata, ¥.; the rest appear to be new.

Only two genera are represented, Mordella and Mordel-

listena. The species of the latter are very similar to the

small species of Morded/a, but are distinguished by the

presence on the outer face of the posterior tibie and first

three tarsal joints of series of stiff bristles forming comb-

like ridges; these extend from the posterior edge of the

tibize and run obliquely upwards but usually not right across

the external face of the tibia.

Key to the Species of Mordella.

1. Large species (10 mm. or over), black, clothed

with black pubescence varied with numerous

WHIte;SPOUS os ae ge eee os vietriisiun tice oe ore 2.

Small species (less than 5 min.), black or fus-

cous, clothed with black pubescence, varied

with silvery-grey spots or bands.......... 3.

2, Elytra with scutellar white spots; four con-

fluent white spots along base of thorax .... 10-guttata, F.

Mordellidee of the Fiji Islands. 563

Klytra without scutellar spots; two white

Bpotsiat,base of thorax). Ff. .4 igs oe ann vitiensis, sp. 0.

3. Thorax, basal half of elytra and legs obscurely

reddish, antennz and abdomen paler; elytra

each with three silvery spots ....,....... nigroterminata, sp. 0.

Black, except labrum, palpi, base of antenne,

santerior femora, and posterior tibial spurs,

which are testaceous; elytra with two

@plique silvery fasciO: os 5 4). 0 colle ce ne veitchi, sp. n.

Mordella decemguttata, Faby.

Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth, ii. 1801, p. 125; Montrouzier, Amn. Soe. Agr.

Lyon, vii. 1, 1855, p. 34.

Mordella plurmotata, Blanchard, Vey. Pole Sud, iv. 1853, p. 190,

pl. xii. fig. 16.

Two specimens—1(F. P. Jepson), 1909, ‘‘on orange-tree”’;

1 (W. Greenwood), 1. v. 1921. Mts. Lautoka.

This identification and synonymy are perhaps a little doubt-

ful. Fabricius originally described the species from Java,

but this was probably in error; at least I have seen no

specimen answering to the description from anywhere in

that region. Montrouzier later more fully described what

he considered to be the same species from Woodlark Id.

(near the 8.E. end of New Guinea). Except that he de-

scribes the spots as yellow (and in some allied species they

are sometimes yellow), his description quite fits the specimens

from Fiji. Previously to this Blanchard had described and

figured M. plurinotata from Ceram, and with this also the

Fiji examples agree well.

The Australian M/. 14-maculata, Macleay (?=M. vitti-

collis, Lea), is very closely allied, but the thorax of the Fiji

species is more quadrangular, more strongly transverse, and

differently marked, the sides lacking the white border and

the spots, except the basal row, not confluent or connected

by lines.

Mordella vitiensis, sp. n.

Large, black, clothed with black pubescence, variegated

with white spots and lines which are arranged as follows :—

head, a narrow white margin on each side of base; thorax,

four white spots in a slightly arcuate line a little before the

middle, the outer pair near the sides, a round spot on each

side of base opposite the middle of the base of each elytron ;

elytra, a round spot (No. 1) on each directly behind the

basal thoracic spot nearly as far from it as the two latter are

from one another, a minute spot (No. 2) a little behind this

564 Mr. K. G. Blair on the

and halfway between it on the lateral margin, No. 3 rather

further behind 2 than 2 is behind the basal thoracic, and

very much nearer the suture, No. 4, small, a little behind 3

and in direct line with the basal thoracic and No. 1, No. 5,

towards apex, a little further from the suture than No. 3;

an elongate spot on each side of base of pygidium ; on the

under side, one on the metathoracie epimeron, one in the

middle of the lateral border of the posterior coxa, and one

in the antero-lateral angle of each of the first three ventral

segments. Style long, straight, acutely pointed at apex.

Length 124 mm., including style; 8 mm. to tip of elytra.

A single specimen, Labasa, xi. 14 (R. Veitch).

Distinct among all these large, white-spotted forms in the

lack of scutellar spots on the elytra, in conjunction with

the lack of extensive white markings along the base of the

thorax. Its nearest ally is probably M. 16-guttata, Montr.,

from New Caledonia, from which it differs in the number

and distribution of the spots. It also resembles M. funerea,

Pasc., from New Zealand, though in this the white spots

are yet fewer. The position of the white spot on the pos-

terior coxee is unusual, and is similar in M. 16-guttata ; in

most species it is situated in the antero-lateral angle. Of

the Australian species M. chrysophora, Lea, is probably its

closest ally.

Mordella nigroterminata, sp. n.

Small, stout, obscurely rufous above, with the head and

apex of elytra black, antenne and abdomen paler, rufo-

fulvous. Head, except a large space between the eyes,

clothed with silvery-grey pubescence ; thorax with a

narrow line along the anterior margin, a small spot near

each anterior angle, and a larger spot on each side of the

middle of the base of the same colour; scutellum strongly

transverse but not emarginate at apex, clothed with silvery-

grey pubescence; elytra with an elongate oblique spot

behind each shoulder, an oval spot just before the middle and

not far from the suture, and a squarish spot halfway between

this and the apex silvery grey ; the derm beyond this spot

is distinctly blacker than that of the greater part of the

elytron. Pygidium acute, almost twice as long as hypo-

pygium.

Length 4 mm. (style included).

1 ex., Nausori, Oct. 1920 (R. Veitch).

In its short stout build this little species bears some

Mordellidee of the Fiji Islands. 565

resemblance to a Tomoxia, but the scutellum, though trans-

verse, is bluntly rounded at the apex instead of being

emarginate. Other species of similar form, but different

coloration, are M. graphiptera, Champ., and some un-

described species from the Malay Archipelago.

Mordella veitchi, sp. n.

Small, slender, black, with the exception of the labrum,

palpi, base of antenne, anterior legs, and posterior tibial

spurs, which are testaceous; pubescence black variegated

with silvery-grey which is distributed as follows :—head,

almost entirely ; thorax, anterior and posterior margins, a

pair of submedian lines on disc, slightly oblique, and a spot

on each side between these and the anterior angle; scutel-

lum ; elytra, a humeral spot on each, an oblique spot

behind it extending nearly to the suture, an oblique spot

near the outer margin just behind the middle which is

confluent with a common sutural spot at about two-thirds

of their length. Antenne slender, 2nd joint larger than

3rd, 4th to 10th serrate within but longer than wide.

Intermediate tarsi a little longer than the tibiz, first joint

longer than the rest together. Spurs of posterior tibic

unequal, the inner three times as long as the outer. Style

slender, feebly bent downwards about middle, twice as long

as hypopygium.

Length 33 mm. (style included).

2 ex., Labasa, Dec. 1921 (R. Veitch).

A small slender species with the general appearance of a

Mordellistena, but with no oblique comb-ridges on the

posterior tibiz and tarsi. The spots and bands of pale

pubescence on the elytra form two V-shaped marks, the

anterior originating from the shoulders and open on the

suture, the second situated a little behind the middle.

MorDELLISTENA.

Small species differing from Mordella in the presence of

oblique comb-like ridges on the outer face of the posterior

tibize and of the first two or three tarsal joints.

Key to the Species.

1. Colour black with more or less extensive

yellow marke sets. der «aie oo). 6 old» vie’ 2

566 Mr. K. G. Blair on the

Colour entirely flavo- or rufo-testaceous (ex-

cept eyes and the comb-ridges of the

posterior tibie) . RR Se ee Lea Ole Ot

2. Head yellow; ely tra with the ‘base and two

large round spots on each yellow; ridge

formula 3:2.2.0,..... mietabestets svanthocephala, sp.

Head and body black, ely tra with pale mark-

ings forming three rather irregular trans-

verse bands; formula3:3.2.1.......... greenwoodt, sp. n.

3. Anal style about twice as long as hypopy-

PIU y LADELINE peels oseele aerate Hane Pek

Anal style much longer, slender, ‘sinuate ; ;

ridge formula 8:8. 9, 2; inner spur nearly

as lone as Ist tarsal joint . pA SOR iia conc gracilicauda, sp. n.

4, Formula 5:4.2.2; ; spur 3 as long as lst tarsal

FOU ede Serccastete pen satereatee ote ee hore dodonee, Montr,

Formula 4:3.2.2; spur 2 as long ; as s Ist tarsal

HOUR a. orcas coastal. oe BU Ghee eer teases Consimilis, sp. n.

Mordellistena xanthocephala, sp. n.

Elongate, narrow, thinly pubescent; black above, with

the head, scutellum, base of elytra and two round spots on

each, one before and one after the middle, pale flavous ;

underside and legs also black with flavous bands. Head

emarginate belind ; prothorax as long as wide, its greatest

width across the base, anterior margin prominent, anterior

angles obtusely rounded, posterior angles rectangular, base

straight at sides, strongly produced in middle; scutellum

minute; elytra elongate, parallel; clothed with rather

sparse fuscous pubescence, except on the pale areas, where

it becomes silvery. Pygidium long and slender, more than

four times as long as hypopygium, bent in middle and feebly

sinuate towards apex, fuscous above except at base, flavous

beneath. Anterior legs, basal half of intermediate tibiee, and

base of posterior tibize and tarsal joints flavous, posterior

tibize with a short subapical oblique ridge, and two very

long ones about middle, extending right across the outer

face of tibiee ; ; spurs s unequal, flavous.

Length (with style) 3 mm., (without) 2 mm.

3 ex., Labasa, xii. 21(R. Veitch) ;'1 ex., Mts. Lautoka,

5a tad A Greenwood).

This pretty little species cannot well be confused with

any other, owing to its stiking pattern.

Mordellistena greenwoodi, sp. n.

Black, with parts of the elytra, the antennz, and anterior

Mordellidee of the Fiji Islands. 567

legs rufo-fulvous. Head slightly emarginate behind, covered

Sein ashy-grey pubescence ; ; prothorax as long as wide,

with vi wiegated black and ashy-grey pubescence, the black

forming a large patch in each of the angles and two median

pairs of dart- like marks, with point directed backwards, the

anterior pair before the middle smaller than the posterior

pair; elytra fulvous with suture narrowly and apex broadly

black, a large black patch behind the scutellum and two

lateral patches on each nearly meeting the sutural streak

also black ; the pubescence on the black parts is black, that

on the fulvous parts mostly silvery grey, but in parts, e. g. a

streak from the anterior lateral dark patch to the base, and

also between the posterior lateral dark patch and the suture,

is also black. Style slender, fuscous, about three times as

long as hypopyginm. Posterior tibize fulvous at base, with

two short comb-ridges near apex, and a third long strongly

defined ridge running from the middle of the posterior edge

across the outer face almost to the base; the tarsal ridges

3.2.1, are very short and ESO

Tiaheth 2mm, without (24 mm. with) style.

sexo sWolitin 13:1%4 21 CW. Greenwood ).

A very distinct little species, the pattern of the thorax is

very characteristic, and the incomplete coincidence between

the colour-pattern of the derm of the elytra and that of the

pubescence is very striking.

Mordellisiena dodonee, Montrouzier.

Montrouzier, Ann. Soe. Ent. France, (3) viii. 1860, p. 806 (Mordella) ;

Fairmaire, op. cit. (6) i. 1881, p. 286 (Mordella).

Described originally from New Caledonia, this species was

subsequently recorded by Fairmaire from the Fiji Islands.

A series of eleven rufo-testaceous specimens from the Fijis

now before me appears to be divisible into three very

similar species, the largest of which appears to be identical

with a series from New Caledonia, with which I identify

Mordella dodonea. he posterior tibive, however, and tarsal

joints, bear very distinct comb- -ridges, so that if this

identification is correct the species must be referred to

Mordellistena.

On the tibize are four short ridges, sometimes with traces

of a fifth, uppermost, ridge, all roughly parallel with the

apex, none of them reaching halfway across the outer face

of the tibie; the tarsal ridges are 4.2.2; the tibial spurs

are unequal, the inner one about twice as long as the outer

568 On the Mordellidee of the Fiji Islands.

and about half as long as the first tarsal joint. The antennie

are slender, joints 2 and 3 elongate, subequal, joints 4-11

nearly twice as long and much thicker.

Length 4 mm. with (3; mm. without) style.

2 ex. Natova, ix.18 (R. Veitch) ; 2 ex. Labasa, xii. 21

(R. Veitch, no. 388); 1 ex. Lautoka, ix. 20 (W. Greenwood).

Mordellistena consimilis, sp. n.

Rufo-fulvous, pygidium about twice as long as hypo-

pygium. Very similar to M. dodonee, but differing in the

comb-ridges of the posterior tibize and tarsi. On the tibiz

are four ridges, one subapical, parallel with the apex, the

other three longer, equal, and much more oblique, the

uppermost extending from about halfway along the posterior

edge almost to the base; the tarsal ridges are 3.2.2.

Tibial spurs very unequal, the inner more than twice as long

as the outer and reaching the third ridge of the first tarsal

joint.

Length 33 mm. with (3 mm. without) style.

4 ex., Labasa, Dec. 1921 (R. Veitch).

That the slight differences between this species and

M. dodonee are not merely sexual is certain, since the g

of each, with the genital organs protruding, is identifiable

I am unable, however, to detect any obviously 2 individual.

Mordellistena gracihcauda, sp. un.

Flavo-testaceous, with a long, slender, somewhat sinuate,

anal style, more than three times as long as hypopygium.

Combs of posterior tibiew four in number, one very short

subapical, parallel with apex, the second close to it and but

little longer, but more oblique, then two very long, very

strongly oblique, the first reaching halfway up the posterior

edge of the tibizw, the other starting a little above it and

reaching almost to the base; tarsal combs distinct, 3.2.2.

Tibial spurs very unequal, the inner nearly as long as the

first tarsal joint.

Length 2? mm. with (2 mm. without) anal style.

2 ex., Labasa, Dec. 1921 (R. Veitch).

Readily distinguished among the uniformly rufous or

flavous species by its smaller size and paler coloration. The

form of the anal style is very different, resemblig that of

M. wanthocephala, but the insect, apart from its different

colour, is of rather stouter build and with very different

tibial comb-ridges.

On Two new African Hispid Beetles. 569

LXVII.—Two new African Hisjrd Beetles.

By 8. Mavtix.

THE two beetles described below belong to those groups of

Hispinze which are characterized by tlie possession of at

least one spine on the dorsal side of the first joint of the

antenna. ‘lhe present species extend the genera JJono-

chinus, Chap., and Phidodonta, Weise, into which they natu-

rally fall, to the African region.

Monochinus capensis, sp. uv.

Body oblong, black ; prothorax opaque, elytra subnitid.

Head broad, rugose, with a longitudinal median suleation ;

eyes convex, with a row of silvery hairs round them. The

autenne hardly pass beyond the prothorax, the first joint the

largest, the second small and rounded, the third to sixth

gradually decreasing in size ; the five apical joints forming

a thickened and elongate club covered with brown pubes-

cence, the six basal joints granulate and sparsely covered

with whitish scale-like hairs. Prothorax broader than long,

the sides rounded, armed with three spines, the anterior two

having a common base, the posterior one situated at some

distance from it, the front margin with two pairs of erect

spines. The disc is rugose, sparsely covered with silvery

hairs, and with a longitudinal impression along the middle ;

of the two transverse shallow depressions the posterior one is

more marked than the anterior one. Scutellwm with the apex

rounded and surface granulate. lytra broader at the base

than the prothorax, punctate-striate, the punctures being

large and deep. The surface is more shining than that of

the prothorax; on each elytron there are three irregular

series of spines, about thirty-five in number, including those

on the humerus ; there is a series of about twenty-one spines

along the margin all round from the base to the sutural

angle, those at the apex being stronger and larger. Legs:

the front tibizw are short and broadly emarginate at the apex,

with brownish bristly hairs on the underside, the mid-tibize

eurved, the hind tibize similar to the front ones. Claws

single.

Length 5 mm.

Cape of Good Hope, Table Mountain (type-locality) ;

Howick, Natal (J. P. George).

Type in the British Museum.

Described from four examples,

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol, ix. a7

570 Mr. G. C. Champion on

Phidodonta chirinda, sp. n.

Body elongate, black, subnitid.

Head yugose, with a median suleation and with a row of

silvery hairs round each eye. ‘The first joint of the antenne

is stout, bearing a dorsal spine, the third joint longer than

the second, which is rounded ; the fourth, fifth, and sixth

rounded and almost equal, these joints bear a few bristly hairs ;

the five apical joints covered with brown pubescence ; the

apical joint pointed. Prothorax almost as long as broad, with

the sides rounded ; on each side three small blunt horizontal

spines, the first two having a common base, the third being

distant from the other two; on the front margin almost

near the anterior angles there are two pairs of spines also

pointing horizontally outwards. ‘The dise is rugose and

scattered over with adpressed silvery hairs ; the transverse

shaliow depression behind the middle is more pronounced

than the anterior one; on the alternate elevations in the

middle there are small clear granulate areas with a central

longitudinal impression, Sceutellum broad, granulate, with a

depression in the middle, the apex rounded. Jilytra broader

at the base than the prothorax, without hats, and tuberculate ;

on each elytron there are eight ill-defined rows of large

punctures, which are rounded or more or less hexagonal, some

of them coalescing; the margins are toothed, with three or

four spines at the apex.

Length 4 mm.

Mashonaland: Mt. Chirinda (type-locality), Nov.—Dec.

1901 (G. A. K. Marshall) ; Upper Buzi River, Portuguese

Kast Africa, 25. 9. 1905 (G. A. K. Marshall).

Type in the British Museum.

Described from six examples.

LXVIII.—The S. African Species of Attalus, Hr., and some

altied Forms | Coleoptera]. By G. C. Cuamrton, F.Z.S.

In the March number of this Magazine, pp. 217-242, the

present writer gave an account of the numerous S. African

species of Hébeus, Er., the 8 ¢ of which exhibit remarkable

characters in the structure of the apices of the elytra, &c.

In the present contribution, A?¢talus, Er., and some allied

genera are dealt within the same way, most of these insects

the S. African Species of Attalus. Bal

wanting such structures: dA¢talus is of world-wide distribu-

tion, but seems to be poorly represented in Cape Colony ;

EKucerapheles may be said to replace Anthocomus *, and

Notomalachius to represent Malachius, in S. Africa. The

description of a new Hedybius recently captured by

Mr. Gedye at Nairobi is also added.

ATTALUS.

Attalus, Erichson, Entomographien, p. 89 (1840); Abeille de Perrin,

Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1890, p. 400 (1891); Champion, Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond, 1914, p. 41.

A few S. African forms, mostly of small size, are referred

to Attalus. They agree in having the anterior portion of

head and the apices of the elytra simple in the two sexes,

and the second anterior tarsal joint of the ¢ raised or pro-

duced at the tip above ; one species, A. bituberculatus, has

two small tubercles between the eyes in the same sex. The

antenne, which are greatly elongated in A. oneili, Pic, 3,

are more or less serrate, dentate, or pectinate. Attalus

ridens and ornatipennis, Gorh., have been transferred by me

to Hbeus; and A. albofasciatus and A. lugens, Gorh., and

A. marginipennis, Ab., to the Dasytid-genus Pagurodactylus.

1. Attalus brevithorax.

2. Attalus brevithorax, Pic, L’Echange, xix. p. 152 (1903).

Hab. 8. Arnica, Dunbrody.

This insect is described as a large, broad, robust form

(length 4 mm.), with a dull blackish head and prothorax

(the reddish basal border excepted), shining cupreous,

rather uneven elytra, and black antennze (joints 1-3 in part

excepted) and legs. A ? from Willowmore (Dr. Brauns),

lent me by Dr. Peringuey, seems to be a variety of the same

species with the red basal margin of the prothorax broader

and extending forward along the sides to the anterior angles ;

the elytra brassy-cupreous, and closely, minutely punctate ;

the antenne rather stout, long, with joints 5-10 triangular.

* Boheman, Gorham, and Pic have included various 8. African insects

under Anthocomus, Er., but they are not really congeneric with the type

of that genus, Malachius sanguinolentus, F.: A. disyunctus and A. coro-

natus, Bob., have been referred by me to Pagurodactylus, Gorh., group

Dasytine ; A. ramtcornis, Boh., A. apricus, Gorh., and A. marti and

dunbrodensis, Pic, to Ebeus ; and .A, coriaceus, Gorh., to Dasytes,

QI7%

wa |

bo |

Mr. G. C. Champion on

2. Attalus subasperatus, sp. 0.

9. Moderately elongate, much widened posteriorly,

somewhat shining, clothed with very fine cinereous pubes-

cence intermixed with long, erect, bristly hairs ; eneous, the

antenne, palpi, and legs black ; the elytra densely, finely,

the head and prothorax more sparsely, punctate. Head

much narrower than the prothorax ; antenne rather slender,

subserrate, joints 4-10 about equal in width. Prothorax

transverse, rounded at the sides, feebly margined at the base.

Elytra much broader than the prothorax, rapidly widened to

near the apex, uneven, depressed along the suture anteriorly,

separately rounded at the apex.

the antenne Icnger and stouter, tapering towards the tip,

joints 5-10 triangular; elytra much less widened behind,

dehiscent at the sutural angle; anterior tarsal joint 2 raised

at the tip above the base of 3.

Length 24-23 mm.

Hab. S. Arrica, Ceres, Cape Province, alt. 1500 ft.

GRE. Lurner:: xu. 19207121921),

One pair. Distinguishable from its 8. African allies by

the brassy upper surface, the black legs and antenne, and

the intermixed bristly vestiture. The elytra in the 9 have

scattered smooth asperities, which are almost obsolete in ¢.

3. Altalus bituberculatus, sp. n.

3. Moderately elongate, somewhat shining, pubescent ;

black, the basal jomts of the antennz in part, the base and

sides of the prothorax to a greater or less extent, and the

anterior and intermediate tibia, testaceous, the elytra olive-

green ; the elytra alutaceous and extremely finely punctate,

the rest of the upper surface smoother. [lead nearly or

quite as broad as the prothorax, flattened and bi-impressed

anteriorly, and with a small prominent tubercle on each side

between the eyes; antennz long, stout, sharply serrate from

joint 5 onward, 4 also stout, triangular. Prothorax trans-

verse, rounded at the sides, narrowed behind. Elytra sub-

parallel at the base, a little widened posteriorly. Anterior

tarsal joints 1 and 2 stouter than those following, 2 at the

tip slightly raised above 3.

Length 23 mm.

Hab. 8. Avnica, Prieska [x. 1887], Henkries, Bushman-

land [x.1911] (Mus. Cape Town).

the S. African Species of Attalus. 573

Two males, both wora. The anteriorly-flattened, inter-

ocularly bituberculate head and the long, stout, sharply

serrate antenue are conspicuous characters in the ¢ of this

species.

4. Attalus serratus.

Atialus serratus, Ab. de Perrin, Rey. d’Ent, xix. pp. 164, 175 (¢ 2)

(1900).

3. Antenne elongate, joints 5-10 widened, sharply tri

angular ; anterior tarsal joint 2 extending over 3 above.

¢. Antenne more slender, short, feebly serrate; elytra