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BULLouGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

FISCHER, P.-H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. —J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140.

FISCHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & RarFFy, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.— Archs

Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. —

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Konn, A. J. 19606. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. —

Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51.

THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische

und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270.

Jena: Fischer. — Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270.

(continued inside back cover)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 69 Band

June 1976 Junie

Rant, le Deel

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA

FROM THE ST PAUL AND AMSTERDAM ISLANDS,

SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN

BRIAN KENSLEY

Cape Town Kaapstad

The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material

becomes available

Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town

Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid

van stof

Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad

OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK

1, 2(1, 3, 5-8), 3(1-2, 4-5, t.—p.i.), 5(1-3, 5, 7-9),

6(1, t.-p.i.), 70-4), 8, 91-2), 10(1),

11(1-2, 5, 7, t.-p.i.), 15(5), 24(2), 27, 311-3), 33

Price of this part/Prys van hierdie deel

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Trustees of the South African Museum © Trustees van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum

1976

ISBN 0 949940 90 9

Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur

The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk.,

Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM THE ST PAUL

AND AMSTERDAM ISLANDS, SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN

BRIAN KENSLEY

South African Museum, Cape Town

(With 26 figures)

LMS accepted 26 February 1976]

ABSTRACT

A collection of land and marine Isopoda and Tanaidacea from the St Paul and Amsterdam

Islands, southern Indian Ocean, is dealt with. Three species of tanaids and thirty-four species

of isopods are discussed. Of these, seven new species are described, viz. Eisothistos crateris,

Panathura amstelodami, Cymodocella sapmeri, Munnogonium subtilis, Coulmannia unicornis,

Echinomunna uroventralis, and Ianisera trepidus. The latter species belongs to the new genus

Tanisera, while a species of Janira, viz. J. angusta Barnard, is transferred to the new genus

Taniroides. The isopod fauna is analysed into zoogeographical components. It is shown that

there is a strong endemic fauna (27%), as well as a South American/Antarctic/Subantarctic

and a widespread component, but by far the largest component (35 %) is that group common

to the islands and South Africa (mostly the west coast of South Africa). It is concluded that

the isopod fauna of the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands falls into the cold-temperate faunal

category with strong affinities to the fauna of South Africa.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction’: ies ae en 26

Review of published work. . 262

SDECIeSHIStla et mmeyEen nae OS

Stationslisty aa ame eee ee OS

Systematic discussion . . . 271

Zoogeographical discussion . 318

Acknowledgements. . . . 321

IReferenCes\ a mein Some oL

INTRODUCTION

During 1971-2, a research programme centred on the St Paul and Amster-

dam Islands was sponsored by Terres Australes et Antarctiques, with the

logistic support of the Société Anonyme de Péche Maritime et de Ravitaille-

ment (S.A.P.M.E.R.). As part of this programme, J. Beurois of the Station

Marine d’Endoume et Centre Oceanographie, Marseille, made extensive

collections of invertebrates from these islands, both intertidally and subtidally.

The marine and the few terrestrial isopods collected were submitted to the

author for identification. The following is an account of the species found,

with a discussion of their zoogeographical implications. Most of the type

specimens are deposited in the Paris Museum of Natural History. A few para-

types are deposited in the South African Museum, and are designated ‘SAM’.

261

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 69 (11), 1976: 261-323, 26 figs.

262 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

REVIEW OF PUBLISHED WORK ON ISOPODA FROM THE ST PAUL

AND AMSTERDAM ISLANDS

The St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, situated at 38.43S, 77.32E and

37.55S, 77.40E respectively (see fig. 1), almost midway in the southern

Indian Ocean, and just north of the Subtropical Convergence, have been

visited by biologists at infrequent intervals. The Austrian frigate Novara called

at the islands during its circumnavigation of the earth in 1857-9. A preliminary

report on the isopods by C. Heller was published in 1861, while the full report

appeared in 1865. This dealt with five species of isopods and one tanaid: Jdotea

nitida, Cleantis granulosa, Porcellio paulensis, Sphaeroma perforata, Cirolana

rugicauda and Tanais gracilis.

Brocchi (1877) reported on a collection of isopods made by Velain and

d’Lisle during the French mission sent to observe the passage of Venus. Nine

species were dealt with, viz. /dotea nitida, Porcellio paulensis, Sphaeroma

perforata, Sphaeroma tuberculata, Cymodoce picta, Cirolana rugicauda, Rocinela

major and Cymothoa gadorum. This material, unfortunately, cannot be located

and must be presumed lost.

The German South-Polar Expedition of 1901-3 visited the islands on the

Gauss. Vanhoffen (1914) reported on the marine isopods, listing seven species

and one tanaid: Cirolana rugicauda, Cycloidura perforata, Dynamenella brunnea,

Jaeropsis paulensis, Aniias hispidus, Antias marmoratus, Janira sp. and Tanais

gracilis. Budde-Lund (1906) dealt with the land isopods of this expedition and

mentions Deto armata from St Paul. Finally, André (1932) lists three species,

viz. Paridotea ungulata, Cycloidura perforata and Porcellio paulensis.

To date, the total number of isopods from the St Paul and Amsterdam

Islands numbers 16 species, 4 of these being of uncertain identity. The present

collection includes 35 species, bringing the total number of isopods to 44,

this more-than-doubling of the number being a reflection of the very thorough

collecting carried out by J. Beurois.

meomsgotASsseenoeed bse Seo! he eed be tessa

Amsterdam Is

St Paul Is

| Kerguelen Is

Fig. 1. Map showing position of the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 263

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ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

264

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265

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wOcI-0s

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ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 267

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268

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

STATION LIST

AMSTERDAM ISLAND (AMS)

Station

No.

Date

10.2.1971

11.2.1971

LD OTA

11.2.1971

22 AST

ZL2ZAIT

DTDASTL

12.2.1971

WPA PANE

12.2.1971

1221974

P22 AOA

14.2.1971

14.2.197]1

14.2.1971

9.2.1971

19.2.1971

OPEL Til

19.2.1971

222 AOTA

23.2.1971

24.2.1971

27.2.1971

9.3.1971

ey PAIL Al

S297

11.12.1971

SaPANE)7/II

13.12.1971

14.12.1971

Depth (metres)

upper infralittoral

midlittoral

between midlittoral

and sublittoral

littoral

midlittoral

lower midlittoral

midlittoral

upper infralittoral

midlittoral

upper infralittoral

low tide

0,5

40-50

midlittoral

upper midlittoral

midlittoral

upper sublittoral

Locality and ecological data

north coast; obtained from scraping 400 cm?

amongst abundant algae

north coast; obtained from scraping 400 cm?

amongst Ulva and Splachnidium

north coast; obtained from scraping 400 cm?

amongst Splachnidium

north coast; among rock crevices and kelp

holdfasts

north coast; in Laminaria holdfasts

north coast, amongst algae

north coast, under stones, and in clean

sediment

north coast, under stones

north coast among boulders

north coast, in wet sediment

north—north-east coast; amongst algae and

sponges

north—north-east coast; amongst small

molluscs and algae

north—north-east coast

north—north-east coast amongst Porphyra

and Splachnidium

north—north-east coast under stones

east coast; scrapings from algal growth on

wall

east coast; scrapings from wall

east coast; scrapings from cavity

north coast; algae from lobster pot

north coast, from Macrocystis holdfast

washed ashore

north coast, from Macrocystis holdfast

washed ashore

north coast, from Laminaria holdfast

north coast, under stones

north coast, natural tide-pool

north coast, under stones

south-east coast from lobster pot

north coast, under stones

north coast, in tide-pools

north coast

north coast, amongst red algae

on Macrocystis fronds

north-east coast, from coralligenous bottom,

with bryozoa, sponges, and corals

north-east coast, from coralligenous bottom

north-east coast from antipatharian

epifauna

north-east coast, from encrusting fauna of

stones, sponges, bryozoans, etc.

north-east coast, from antipatharian

epifauna

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 269

Station

No. Date

48 16.12.1971

60 2.1.1972

64a 3.1.1972

64b 3.1.1972

73 6.1.1972

74 8.1.1972

78 9.1.1972

83 9.1.1972

94 13.1.1972

96 IS 1972

100 14.1.1972

101 14.1.1972

103 15.1.1972

111 16.1.1972

119 1.1972

132 .1.1972

133 23.1.1972

142a 251-1972

142b DSA 9O7F2

143 25.1.1972

147 25.1.1972

148 25.1.1972

173 12.2.1972

Di 6.12.1971

D7 2.1.1972

D12 23.2.1972

D9 23.1.1972

B9 17.12.1971

Depth (metres)

80-100

60-100

80-100

0-5

80-100

25-30

Locality and ecological data

north-east coast from bryozoans encrusting

antipatharian trunk

south-east coast from gorgonacian

Acanthogorgia

south-east coast epifauna from cable sub-

merged for one year

south-east coast, from buoy and 3-metre

floating cable

north-east coast, from coralligenous bottom

north-east coast, from encrusting fauna of

stone

from buoy cable

south-east coast, from encrusting fauna of

stones

north-east coast, from bryozoans encrusting

antipatharian trunk

north-east and south coasts, washed from

variety of coralligenous organisms

north-east coast, on Macrocystis fronds

east coast, from epifauna of antipatharian

north-east coast, from epifauna of anti-

patharian

north-east coast, from encrusting fauna of

stones

north-east coast, from epifauna of bryozoan

east coast, from epifauna of gorgonacian

Acanthogorgia

north coast, from sponges and corals

south-west coast, from epifauna of bryo-

zoans and sponges

south-west coast, from epifauna of algae and

sponges

south-west coast, from amongst red algae

and sponges

west coast, from amongst algae, corals, and

sponges

west coast, from sponge on antipatharian

base

north-east coast, from epifauna of anti-

patharian trunk

south-east of island

east coast

north coast

east coast

north-east coast

In the following stations, the date of collection is also the station number:

Date

2.5.1969

27.3.1970a

27.3.1970b

28.3.1970a

28.3.1970b

Depth (metres)

sublittoral

Locality and ecological data

east coast, from amongst alga Prerocladia

north coast, from crevices in rocks

north coast, from crevices in rocks and

under stones

north coast, from rocky wall and pools

270 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Date Depth (metres) Locality and ecological

12.12.1970 70 on dead antipatharian trunk

16.1.1971 30 north-east coast, from Macrocystis holdfast

17.1.1971 30 east coast, from encrusting fauna of rock

Isopods from the following stations were all taken from the stomach and digestive tracts of

the fish Acantholatris monodactylus, all taken with a line, from 2 to 3 metres depth, in February—

March 1971:

Pl, P2, P6, P7, Pl3a, P13b, P11, P16, P17, P23, P26, P27, P28, P29, P30, P31, P33, P34, P36,

P37, P38, P39, P42, P44, P46, P47, P48, P49, P50.

Isopods from the following station were taken from the stomach contents of the rock lobster

Jasus paulensis:

J11.

ST PAUL ISLAND

Station

No. Date Depth (metres) Locality and ecological data

3} 19.12.1971 2-3 north edge of crater, from amongst sponges,

bryozoans, and ascidians growing on sub-

merged gill net

6a 19.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst algae

6c 19.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst Ulva

Ta 20.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst algae

7b 20.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, from under stones

8a 20.12.1971 mid- to sublittoral inside crater, amongst stones and algae

8b 20.12.1971 inside crater, from black sediment between

stones and algae

8c 20.12.1971 inside crater, amongst organic debris and

green algae

14 21.12.1971 upper sublittoral exterior of north jetty, amongst red algae

15 21.12.1971 littoral exterior of north jetty, from amongst

Splachnidium rugosum

16 21.12.1971 sublittoral exterior of north jetty, on rocks

18 VA Oars sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting algae,

sponges, and ascidians

19 21.12.1971 from rock scrapings

20 21.12.1971 from rock scrapings

22a 22.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting corals,

bryozoa, and worm tubes on boulders

22b 22.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting algae on

boulders

22c 22.12.1971 sublittoral inside crater, amongst encrusting ascidians,

sponges and bryozoans

23 22.12.1971 sublittoral amongst encrusting algae, sponges and

bryozoans

23a 22AD 9ST sublittoral amongst encrusting algae, sponges, and

ascidians

24a 22.12.1971 upper sublittoral from Laminaria holdfast

24b 22.12.1971 upper sublittoral from Laminaria holdfast

26 23.12.1971 littoral exterior of crater, east coast

27 23.12.1971 littoral exterior of crater, east coast

28 23.12.1971 littoral amongst algae exterior of crater, east coast

30a 23.12.1971 0,6 inside crater, from Laminaria holdfast

30b 23.12.1971 0,6 inside crater, from Laminaria holdfast

32 23.12.1971 0,6 inside crater, from Macrocystis fronds

35 26.12.1971 3,0 inside crater, amongst sponges, ascidians

and algae

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 271

Station

No.

B19

Date

28.1.1972

30.1.1972

2.2.1972

4.2.1972

15.2.1972

24.12.1971

27.1.1972

30.1.1972

16.2.1972

Depth (metres)

80-100

60-70

sublittoral

Locality and ecological data

from stomach contents of fish Thyrsites

atun

south-east coast, amongst encrusting algae,

bryozoans and ascidians

from Macrocystis holdfast

on operculum of fish, Latris lineata

north-east coast, from encrusting sponges,

worm tubes, and corals

inside crater, from encrusting sponges, bryo-

zoans, ascidians, etc.

inside crater, from encrusting worm tubes,

and green algae

inside crater, from encrusting bryozoans,

worm tubes and algae on stones

exterior of crater, amongst red algae and

bryozoans

north-east coast, from coarse sandy bottom

east coast, from Laminaria holdfast

east coast, from red algae

north-east coast, from red algae, and

bryozoans

north-east coast, from coarse sediment

In the following stations the date of collections is also the station number:

Date

1970

29.12.1970

Depth (metres)

25-30

80-100

Locality and ecological data

exterior of crater, from Macrocystis

exterior of crater, amongst sponges,

ascidians and hydroids

on floating buoy

interior of crater, found in fishing boat

exterior of crater, from submerged cable

SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION

Order TANAIDACEA

Family Tanaidae

Anatanais gracilis (Heller)

Tanais gracilis Heller, 1865: 133, pl. 12 (fig. 3). Vanhoffen, 1914: 468, fig. 6a-g. Barnard,

1925a: 381; 1940: 489.

Previous records

Lideritzbucht to Durban, St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, Ceylon.

Di ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Material

AMS a4 1 St Paul 6c 1

b3 1 Ta 2

11 1 7b 1

74 1 8a 1 ovig. 2 + 1

142b 1 D5/c 1 ovig. 2 + 1

18 2

20 3

22b ~—s 1 ovig. 2

Tike ®

90 3

93 2

Leptochelia barnardi Brown

Leptochelia barnardi Brown, 1957: 406, figs 4a—c, 5a.

Previous records

False Bay, Table Bay.

Material

AMS a4 6 St Paul 90 1

Leptochelia savignyi (Kroyer)

Leptochelia savignyi: Brown, 1957: 404, fig. Sb (synonymy).

Previous records

Liideritzbucht to Mogambique, north and south Atlantic, Mediterranean,

Indo-Pacific.

Material

AMS a4 Uf St Paul B7 1

7b 1

DS5/c 1

19 1

90 2:

Order ISOPODA

Suborder VALVIFERA

Family Idoteidae

Idotea metallica Bosc

Idotea metallica: Barnard, 1914: 203; 1940: 507. Schultz, 1969: 78, fig. 97.

Previous records

Wide-ranging, almost cosmopolitan: Cape, Mocambique, Natal, Tristan

da Cunha, Greenland, Nova Scotia, Straits of Magellan.

Material

AMS 78 1 ovig. 2

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 273

Genus Paridotea Stebbing

Heller (1861, 1865) and Brocchi (1877) in their lists of isopods from St Paul

and Amsterdam Islands both include /dotea nitida. Hale (1924), André (1932),

and Sheppard (1957) place J. nitida in the synonymy of Paridotea ungulata

(Pallas). Examination of the idoteids from St Paul and Amsterdam Islands in

the present collection, however, revealed two abundant species of Paridotea,

neither being P. ungulata. Examination of Heller’s type material, and com-

parison with P. ungulata from the Cape, make it clear that P. nitida is a valid

species.

Paridotea nitida (Heller)

Fig. 2B, D, F

Idotaea nitida Heller, 1861: 497.

Idotea nitida Heller, 1865: 131, pl. 12 (fig. 1). Brocchi, 1877: 97.

Previous records

St Paul Island.

Material

AMS 2.5.69 1¢ 99 St Paul D5/b 19

a4 DES Gn mae? Dsje 366 4299

a5 DOO 6c 233 1 ovig. 2

a6 163d 2499 17juv. Ta 233

a7 236 14 26 gS 21 99

a8 hs 1@ 19 23d 2 ovig. 22

Cl 12 gs 18 992 20 19 1 ovig. 2

C2 13 19 28 635 299

C3 3gd 399 59 1d

16 3 3d

3 103d 1399 5 juv.

143 2 juv.

P16 152

PAS IL

P29 1d 1°

P30 DiGi Lee

P34 43g 3299

122 / iL ©

P38 83d 1199 1 ovig. 2

P42 2

P46 1g

P49 1d 5 99°

P50 2 22

Remarks

P. nitida can be separated from P. ungulata, with which it was for many

years confused, by the structure of the pleotelsonic apex (distal corners rounded,

separated by shallow concave distal margin in P. nitida, distal corners acute

and spinose, with more concave distal margin in P. ungulata), the uropodal

ramus (distinctly broader than long in P. nitida, as long as wide in P. ungulata),

and the shape of the coxal plates of the last four pereional segments. (See

fig; ZA. C, E.)

274 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Ij) 4)

Fig. 2. Paridotea ungulata (Pallas).

A—Four posterior coxal plates; C—Uropodal ramus; E—Pleotelsonic apex.

Paridotea nitida (Heller).

B—Four posterior coxal plates; D—Uropodal ramus; F-—Pleotelsonic apex.

Separation of P. nitida from P. apposita Barnard, 1965, recorded from

Gough Island, however, is more difficult. The pleotelsonic structure is identical

in these two species, the uropodal ramus very similar (possibly not as wide in

P. apposita as in P. nitida), while the seventh pereional coxal plate is perhaps

more acute and produced in P. apposita. These differences, however, are very

subtle, and more material from Gough Island may well prove the species to be

synonymous, the subtle differences being a reflection of the isolation of the

population.

Paridotea reticulata Barnard

Paridotea reticulata Barnard, 1914: 424, pl. 36D; 1940: 507; 1955: 6.

Previous records

Liuderitzbucht, Port Nolloth, Lamberts Bay, Table Bay, False Bay.

Material

AMS 23 164 St Paul 32 699 1 ovig. 2

719 8633 1599 3juv.

100 4¢6 592 1 ovig. 2 7 juv.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 275

Remarks

The notch found on the sternum of the seventh pereional segment in

South African specimens is not present in specimens from the St Paul and

Amsterdam Islands. The spines of the disto-lateral corner of the pleotelson

are sometimes absent, possibly worn away.

Suborder ANTHURIDEA

Family Anthuridae

Eisothistos crateris sp. nov.

Fig. 3A-—G

Description

Male: (head and mouthparts damaged). Head with anterior margin

between eyes evenly convex, about half length of pereional segment I, with

poorly defined median ridge. Pereional segments I-III subequal, each with

anterior ‘shoulder’ and medio-dorsal ridge not quite reaching anterior margin.

Pereional segments IV—VII posteriorly expanded, rounded, also with medio-

dorsal ridge. Segment VII somewhat shorter than preceding segments. Dorso-

lateral keels obvious on anterior three segments only. Anterior three pleonal

segments wider than long, laterally rounded, 4th and 5th segments not distinct,

possibly fused, much shorter and narrower than preceding segments.

Eyes well developed, ocelli large, distinct.

Antennular peduncle consisting of three stout segments, distal segment

bearing pad of elongate setae; flagellum 6-segmented.

Antennal peduncle consisting of two short proximal segments plus two

slender elongate segments; flagellum 6-segmented.

Pereiopod I dactylus with well-developed unguis; propodus two and a half

times longer than wide, ventral margin bearing single distal spine plus 10 small

serrate spines; carpus short, triangular.

Following pereiopods essentially similar to pereiopod I, but with carpi

slightly longer, not underriding the propodi.

Pleopod 2 with elongate rami, exopod carrying six slender setae, endopod

with four setae and sabre-shaped stylet on inner margin reaching well beyond

apex of ramus, apically acute.

Uropods and telson indurated. Uropodal exopod tripartite, consisting of

inner rounded basal process armed with three to four small spines, median

spike-like elongate portion and outer spine-like process; endopod just reaching

apex of telson, apically acute, margins dentate.

Telson evenly rounded, distally wider than proximally, latero- distal

margins serrate; strong flattened medio-dorsal keel present, bearing three or

four small spines distally.

276 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 3. Eisothistos crateris sp. nov.

A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Telson and uropod; C—Antennule; D—Antenna;

E—Pereiopod I; F—Pereiopod VII; G—Pleopod 2.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 277

Material

Holotype: St Paul 90 1. Paris Museum Is. 1001

Remarks

Of the three species of Eisothistos described, E. vermiformis Haswell and

E. atlanticus Vanh6ffen are easily separated from the present species, either

by general body shape, or on the nature of the telson. There is a marked resem-

blance to E. antarcticus Vanhoffen 1914. The telson of the Antarctic species

differs from the present species in having the medio-dorsal ridge armed with

numerous spines (instead of four obscure spines), and in the outer process of

the uropodal exopod, which is blunt and dentate (rather than spiniform).

These differences could perhaps be due to variation within the same species.

Another obvious difference is in the pleonal structure. The present specimen

has the anterior three pleonal segments large and laterally rounded and the

posterior segments obscure, while in E. antarcticus the anterior five pleonal

segments are subequal.

The species is named crateris as it was collected from the crater of St Paul

Island which is open to the sea.

Panathura amstelodami sp. nov.

Figs 4A—-H, 5A-F

Description

Male: Anterior margin of head with median point; eye spots lateral.

Pereional segment I twice length of head, segment II slightly shorter than I,

segments IIIJ-VI subequal, VIIth somewhat shorter. Pleonal segments distinct.

Antennule with 5-segmented peduncle, two basal segments as broad as long,

3rd and 4th segments subequal, wider than long, 5th segment more elongate,

flagellum 4-segmented. Antenna with 3-segmented peduncle, 3-segmented

flagellum. Mandibular palp 3-segmented, Ist and 3rd segments subequal, each

about half length of middle segment; third segment bearing row of 7 spines,

proximal 4 spines short; incisor portion of mandible consisting of three strong

teeth plus thin plate with dentate margin.

Maxilla slender, bearing 6 spines.

Maxillipedal palp 4 or 5-segmented, 3rd segment largest, endite extending

on inner margin to distal level of 3rd palp segment, distally tapered.

Pereiopod I propodus with strong proximal triangular tooth forming a

‘thumb’, palm with two smaller proximal and one distal tooth; unguis of

dactylus large and well-defined.

Pereiopod II more slender and longer than I, palm with strong proximal

‘thumb’ and small tooth at base, larger distal tooth; carpus with two spines on

ventral margin. Pereiopods III-VII similar, propodus twice length of carpus,

both segments bearing ventral fringed spines; carpus hardly underriding

propodus.

278 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

———

—

tea

——_———>

—————

—————S

)

Fig. 4. Panathura amstelodami sp. nov.

A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Antenna; ©C—Antennule; DD—Uropodal exopod;

E—Uropodal basis and endopod; F—Mandible; G—Maxilla; H—Maxilliped.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 279

Fig. 5. Panathura amstelodami sp. nov.

A—Pereiopod I; B-—Pereiopod II; C—Telson; D-—Pereiopod VII; E—Pleopod 1;

F—Pleopod 2.

280 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Pleopod | exopod broad, operculiform, fringed with 13-14 plumose setae;

endopod less than half length of exopod, very narrow, triangular, with single

terminal plumose seta.

Pleopod 2 exopod and endopod equal in length, former distally truncate,

latter distally rounded.

Uropodal exopod leaf-shaped, bearing numerous marginal setae, outer

margin with four to five serrations in hyaline border; endopod with distal

segment longer than proximal, with hyaline border non-serrate.

Telson widest in distal half, with broad hyaline border, latter finely

dentate distally, apical region bearing numerous simple setae.

Material

Holotype AMS a4 13 total length 5,0 mm Paris Museum Is. 1002

Paratypes AMS 119 392 3,0mm 3,2mm 4,4mm SAM-A14994

Paratypes AMS 142b 292 3,2mm 3,8 mm Paris Museum Is. 1003

Remarks

Barnard (1925) defines Panathura as similar to Apanthura, but possessing

a 6-segmented maxilliped and with the palm of pereiopod I straight. The

distinctive maxilliped, together with the distinct pleonal segments, operculiform

Ist pleopods, and the 5th segment of pereiopods IV—VII underriding the 6th

segment, complete the generic definition. The present material agrees with all

these features, with the possible exception of the pereiopodal carpi, which only

just underride the propodi. The present species differs from P. serricauda,

with which it was collected, on several counts. The telson and uropods in

Barnard’s species are indurated and obviously serrated, and the uropodal

exopod is a broad structure. In P. amstelodami the telson and uropods are

not indurated, and possess a thin hyaline border, the exopod is a leaf-shaped

structure, and although slightly serrate on the outer margin does not approach

the almost dentate condition in P. serricauda. Further differences may be seen

in the pereiopodal structure, as well as in the Ist pleopod with its reduced

endopod. P. formosa Menzies & Frankenberg (1966), recorded from deep

water off Georgia, U.S.A. possesses a very distinctive pleotelsonic structure,

while the endite is not as developed as in the present species.

Panathura serricauda (Barnard)

Fig. 6A-D

Apanthura serricauda Barnard, 1920: 339, pl. 15 (figs 11-12).

Panathura serricauda: Barnard, 1940: 490, 497; 1955: 5.

Previous records

Lideritzbucht, Saldanha Bay, Table Bay, False Bay.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 281

Fig. 6. Panathura serricauda (Barnard).

A—Animal in dorsal view; B—Maxilliped; C—four distal

segments of pereiopod I; D—Telson.

Material

AMS a4 7 ovig. 22 + 20 specimens St Paul 90 2 specimens

a5 1 specimen

a6 1 specimen

Suborder FLABELLIFERA

Family Cirolanidae

Cirolana rugicauda Heller

Cirolana rugicauda Heller, 1861: 497; 1865: 142, pl. 12 (fig. 13). Brocchi, 1877: 99. Hansen,

1890: 358. Vanhoffen, 1914: 503, fig. 40. Barnard, 1940: 397, fig. 8.

Previous records

St Paul Island, Port Nolloth, St Helena Bay.

282 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Material

AMS St Paul

al 1 juv. 6c DBC) 3. G2 7 juv.

a2 1 juv. Ta 13 3) YO) 5 juv.

a3 1 juv. Tb 9 gg 1099 6 juv.

a4 19 gg 33 99 sev. juv. 8a 10g5 2099 1 ovig. ¢ sev. juv.

a5 6.22 8b 236. 4:92 6 juv.

a6 sev. Juv. 8c 7 juv.

a7 31992 5 juv. 14 1g 1 juv.

a8 466 499 22a 1 juy.

a9 2 juv. 24b 16 6 99 sev. juv.

ald 13 8 2° 30a 3356 8 99 sev. juv.

b3 1 juv. 30b 4 99 8 juv.

Cl 13 2 99 2 juv. 90° 17'ss 105¢9

C3 1 3 juv. 93 433 1199 4 juv.

P46 12

6b 13 4 99 2 juv.

8 13 1 ovig. 2 sev. juv.

10 io

24a eer AS sev. Juv.

2.5.1969 19

27.3.1970/b 333 699

Family Sphaeromatidae

Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov.

Figs 7A-G, 8A-E, 9A-E

Description

Body two and one third times longer than wide, widest at VIIth pereional

segment; head and pereional segments I-VI smooth; posterior margin of

VIlIth segment slightly nodose; pleon segment | usually concealed by pereion;

last pleonal segment bearing irregular row of ten to twelve small conical

tubercles. Pleotelson very convex, bearing numerous tubercles, some rounded,

most conical. Apex of pleotelson forming dorsally flexed tube, the opening of

which has tiny spike or papilla protruding into it. Coxal plates of pereional

segments bearing pile of short hairs.

Epistome A-shaped, with slender rami.

Antennules shorter than antennae, with 3-segmented peduncle longer than

flagellum. Antennal peduncle 5-segmented, distal segment longest; flagellum

of about twenty-two segments, longer than peduncle.

Mandibular palp 3-segmented, terminal segment with thirteen pectinate

setae, middle segment with eight pectinate setae; incisor process of four teeth,

lacinia mobilis of three teeth; setal row of eight penicilis; molar process broad,

with dentate margin.

Inner ramus of first maxilla bearing four elongate fringe setae, plus shorter

simple seta; outer ramus tipped with eight dentate spines, degree of dentition

varying from fairly smooth to many large denticles.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 283

jf il i Y

hy)

Fig. 7. Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov.

iew; C—Left mandible;

A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Pleotelson in lateral view;

D—Second maxilla; E—First maxilla; F—Maxilliped; G—Epistome

284 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 8. Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov.

A—Antenna; B—Antennule; C—Pereiopod I; D—Pereiopod VII; E—Penes.

Second maxilla, inner ramus with about ten fringed spines, both lobes of

outer ramus tipped with four or five pectinate curved spines.

Maxillipedal palp 5-segmented, second segment longest; segments two,

three and four somewhat lobed, lobes bearing clumps of simple setae; endite

bearing about ten fringed spines, and single coupling hook.

Pereiopod I with propodus, carpus, merus, and distal part of ischium

bearing pile of fine short setules; propodus bearing five fringed spines; carpus

very short; dactylus tipped with distal curved spine with shorter blunt spine at

its base. Pereiopods increasing slightly in length posteriorly.

Pereiopod VII with carpus bearing six fringed spines; ischium with two

strong spines on dorsal margin.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 285

Fig. 9. Cymodocella sapmeri sp. nov.

A—Pleopod 1; B—Pleopod 2; C—Pleopod 3; D—Pleopod 4;

—Pleopod 5.

286 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Rami of penis moderately elongate, tapering slightly.

Pleopod 1 exopod broadly oval, longer than triangular endopod.

Pleopod 2 exopod oval, much smaller and shorter than triangular endopod;

latter with stylet on median margin, stylet slightly longer than endopod, distally

dilated, apically narrowly rounded.

Pleopod 3 with oval exopod shorter than triangular endopod.

Pleopods 4 and 5 with both rami membranous, pleated.

Both rami of uropod elongate-oval, of equal length, distally rounded,

margins slightly serrulate.

Pleotelson of female less obviously tuberculate than that of male.

Material

Holotype AMS C3 14.4 Paris Museum Is. 1004

Allotype AMS C2 1 ovig. 2 Paris Museum Is. 1005

Paratypes St Paul D5/c 1393 9292 6 ovig. 22 Paris Museum Is. 1006

Paratypes AMS Cl 53d 1292 14 ovig. 92 SAM-A14995

AMS St Paul

a2 5 92 1 juv. D/Sa 3 99 lovig.2 2 juv.

a3 12 1juv. D5/b 1 ovig. 2

a4 sy Ole 14 433 1099 5 juv.

a5 Ihese re hs. 16 1d Ip@

ao 3 92 1 ovig. 2 2 juv. 19 2 ovig. 2°

bl 19 20 1d 19 1 ovig. 2°

b2/2 6 99 6 juv. 22D eles:

C2 53g 7 +e 10 ovig. 22 17 juv. 28 792 lovig.2 11 juv.

C3 43g 12 3ovig.92 7 juv. 90 6435 16 99 3 ovig. 29

P29 1 ovig. 2

P30 3}, Oe

P33 1 ovig. 2

P34 1 ovig. 2

P36 2) 99

3 13

6b 233 2 juv.

24a 233 299 1 ovig.?

147 2 juv.

28.3.1970/b 1d 19

Remarks

Of the eleven species of Cymodocella described, the present species only

resembles C. nipponica Nishimura, from Japan, to a limited degree. That

Japanese species possesses numerous rounded tubercles on the pleotelson,

while the present species possesses more numerous conical tubercles. Apart from

this tenuous similarity, C. sapmeri is quite distinct from all other described

species. This species is named for S.A.P.M.E.R., the lobster-fishing company

Operating around the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands (see introduction), and

for the ship used by the Company.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 287

Dynamenella brunnea Vanhéoffen

Fig. 1OA-B

Dynamenella brunnea Vanhoffen, 1914: 516, fig. 49. non Dynamenella huttoni: Barnard,

1940: 419.

Previous records

St Paul Island.

Material

AMS al 152 St Paul D5/a 2455 299 Ijuv.

a3 2 2° DS5/c 11 992 sev. juv.

a4 286, 3129 7b 13

a5 2 juv. 8a 2 juv.

a6 11 92 sev. juv. 14 1¢ sev. juv.

a7 533 20 Ie 5 juv.

a8 233 26 1,

al0 Bere | Pe 28 3 99

bl 1°

b2/2 209

cl 1g 1499 sev. juv.

c2 7 99

c3 2 2

Pi 19

P2 sev. Juv.

P4 1 juv.

P6 3 juv.

14/ 2 juv.

P13b 19°

P16 1g sev. juv.

P23 2 juv.

P26 sev. juv.

P27 4 juv.

P28 1 juv.

P29 sev. juv.

P31 1 juv.

P30 333 299 sev. juv.

P36 sev. juv.

P34 sey. Juv.

P38 1 ¢ 4 99 sev. juv.

P44 1 juv.

P45 1 juv.

P48 2 juv.

P49 sev. juv.

P50 3g35 699 sev. juv.

P83 7 juv.

3 3566) 0.92 “seve juv.

8 58 $3 28 99

12 935 192

16 1S MOnuve

24a 12

2.5.1969 1g 6 22

1.3.1970 13 3 99

27.3.1970/b 3 oo

28.3.1979/b 433 999

288 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 10. Dynamenella brunnea Vanh6ffen.

A—Pleotelson; B—Epistome; C—Epistome of D. huttoni.

Remarks

Examination of Vanh6ffen’s type material in both the Berlin Museum and

the British Museum, together with the very large number of specimens in the

present collection, shows that this is indeed a valid species. Separation from

D. huttoni which resembles (and with which Barnard synonymized it) is best

done by reference to three features: pleotelsonic structure, epistome and head

structure, and colour pattern. The dorsal surface of the pleotelson in D. brunnea

always has some indication of tuberculation. In juveniles of less than 2 mm

length, the two main submedian tubercles can already be seen, while in larger

specimens these two large tubercles are supplemented by several smaller tuber-

cles. D. huttoni by contrast invariably possesses a smooth pleotelson. The

median ventrally-directed lobe of the sinuous frontal margin of the head in

D. brunnea is relatively narrower than in D. huttoni; a subtle difference in the

shape of the epistomes is also constant. The colour pattern, though variable in

both species, is more constant in D. brunnea, where a rhomboidal pale patch is

frequently seen mid-dorsally on pereional segments II to IV. While D. huttoni

often has pale dorsal patches, these almost never are as regular as in the former

species.

Dynamenella dioxus Barnard

Dynamenella dioxus Barnard, 1914: 419; 1940: 418, 505. Day, Field & Penrith, 1970: 48.

Previous records

Liideritzbucht, Port Nolloth, Lamberts Bay, Table Bay, False Bay.

Material

AMS a4 236 128 St Paul D/S5a 1¢

74 33g 499

142a 1¢ 19

142b 7335 1899 5 juv.

147 1¢ 19

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 289

Parisocladus perforatus (H. M. Edwards)

Sphaeroma perforata Edwards, 1840: 211. Heller, 1861: 496; 1865: 139, pl. 12 (fig. 9).

Spheroma perforata: Brocchi, 1877: 97.

Dynamenella perforata: Hansen, 1905: 117, 126.

Cycloidura perforata: Stebbing, 1910: 431. Vanhoffen, 1914: 511, figs 45-46.

Parisocladus perforatus: Barnard, 1914: 402, pl. 32H; 1940: 418, 505. Penrith & Kensley,

1970a: 228; 19705: 259. Day, Field & Penrith, 1970: 48.

Previous records

Rocky Point (S.W.A.), Mowe Bay (S.W.A.), Swakopmund, Liideritzbucht,

Port Nolloth, Lamberts Bay, Dyers Island, Table Bay, False Bay, Port Alfred,

East London, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island.

Material

AMS al sev. Juv. St Paul DS5/a 13 3699

a3 6d5 899 sev. juv. D5/b 1 juv.

a4 43S 699 sev. juv. D5/e S5dS 892 1 juv.

a5 BO) 6a 1 juv.

a7 2 29 6c 12 3d sev. juv.

a9 13 182 Ta 13 dd 399 sev. juv.

b2/la 19° 8a 233 4 juv.

b2/1b 4 99 sev. juv. 8b 13

b2/2 3°36 3°29) “sev. juv: 14 64d sev. juv.

b3 led 2 juv. 15 236 sev. juv.

@2 Shreve Ile 16 1343 sev. juv.

C3 2 juv. 18 13 392 3juv.

Jil 1 juv. 19 3 33 sev. juv.

P2 1¢ 20 sev. juv.

Pll 433 799 22a 12 2juv.

Pl3a 3gd 399 22b 2 juv.

P13b 23d 499 sev. juv. 226 12 1 juv.

P17 6 juv. 23a sev. juv.

P26 6 juv. 26 13 4 99

P28 1 juv. 23 13 dg 1099

P29 6 juv. 27 13 4 juv.

P30 6 juv. 28 3 3d sev. juv.

P33 Sev. juv. 30b 3566 lee

P34 sey. juv. 30g 13d¢ 999

P36 sev. juv. 35 399°

P39 1 juv. 76 8 28 9 juv.

P44 7 juv. Tla 2 9°

P45 1 juv. 90 G22

P46 246 3 juv. 91 3 33 sev. juv.

P47 3 juv.

PSO 1¢

3 233 sev. Juv.

Sa 2335 499 sev. juv.

6b Zi 3522

8 Orso eo eS 2 jv:

9 zo?

12 333

14 13 gd 3799 sev. juv.

24a 173g 699 sev. juv.

2.5.1969 1g

27.3.1970/b 2445 2192 3 juv.

28.3.1970/b 255 599 4 juv.

290 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Family Limnoriidae

Limnoria (Limnoria) quadripunctata Holthuis

Limnoria quadripunctata Holthuis, 1949: 167. Menzies & Mohr, 1952: 81. Menzies, 1957:

127. Schultz, 1969: 143.

Previous records

North Sea coast of Holland, California coast, Valparaiso (Chile).

Material

AMS St Paul

a4 1¢3 B19 13

Sal BO lkovign? 13 juv. Tla 635 992 9 ovig. 22

5b TES: 4 juv. 1970 346 4 ovig. 2°

16.1.1971 232 2 ovig. 22 6 juv.

Remarks

These specimens were all found in the holdfasts of the giant brown algae

Macrocystis pyrifera and Laminaria pallida from the upper infralittoral zone,

with the exception of station B19 on St Paul Island, where the isopods were

found in clusters of red algae from a depth of 30 metres.

Family Cymothoidae

Lironeca raynaudii (H. M. Edwards)

Livoneca raynaudii: Barnard, 1920: 358; 1940: 501; 1955: 6.

Previous records

Table Bay, Durban, New Zealand, Tasmania, New South Wales, Japan.

Material

St Paul 82 1

SIAL At

Family Aegidae

Aega ‘antillensis’ Schiddte & Meinert

Aega antillensis: Richardson, 1905: 170. Barnard, 1925a: 389. Schultz, 1969: 190.

Previous records

Natal, West Indies, Japan.

Material

St Paul 1971 1 from fishing-boat

Sil

3.1.1971 1 on Thyrsites atun

Remarks

Slight differences in the frontal laminae, telson, etc., suggest that A. antil-

lensis s.s., and specimens from South Africa, and others from St Paul Island

are not all the same species, although all keyed out to this species.

Aega monilis Barnard

Aega monilis Barnard, 1914: 365, pl. 31C; 1940: 500.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 29]

Previous records

Table Bay, off Cape Peninsula, off East London.

Material

St Paul 85 1 ovig. 2

Remarks

It seems probable from the brief description provided by Brocchi (1877:

100) of Rocinela major, from St Paul Island, that this was a specimen of Aega

monilis. Examination of Brocchi’s type, however, is necessary to establish the

identity of R. major

Suborder ASELLOTA

Family Stenetriidae

Stenetrium crassimanus Barnard

Stenetrium crassimanus Barnard, 1914: 217; 1940: 510. Wolff, 1962: 23.

Previous records

False Bay (Cape), Natal.

Material

St Paul” 18 7 1S

91 26¢

Stenetrium saldanha Barnard

Fig. 11A-F

Stenetrium saldanha Barnard, 1920: 403. Wolff, 1962: 24, 29.

Previous records

Saldanha Bay, False Bay, Still Bay.

Material

AMS D1 1g iV St Paul 18 19 1 ovig. 2

142b 1¢ 19 91 Ales 19

Remarks

Wolff's key (1962: 22), taken from Barnard’s description of S. saldanha,

places this species in the group which lacks any process at the antero-lateral

corner of the first antennal peduncle segment. This segment, however is produced

into a triangular process which is sometimes difficult to see.

Family Antiasidae

Antias dimorphus Menzies

Antias dimorphus Menzies, 1962: 63, fig. 16.

292 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 11. Stenetrium saldanha Barnard .

A—Pereiopod I; B—® head in dorsal view; C—Pleotelson; D—Operculum 9;

E—Pleopod 1 3; F—Pleopod 2 J.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 293

Previous records

Southern Chile, Kerguelen Island.

Material

AMS al 15d¢6 1699 14 ovig. 2° St Pauli’ D3)" 16

a2 533 2 ovig. 22 8a 4235 999 24 ovig. 29

a3 53d 492 3 ovig. 99 8b 33d 1 ovig. 2

C2 OSS aS fp D Ovies?? 8c 16535 1699 5 ovig. 29

(@3} DiGiGan wee. 3 ovig. 2° 14 13 2 ovig. 2°

6b ales 90 2 ovig. 22

93 26355 922 10 ovig. 29

Remarks

Amongst Vanhdoffen’s material of Antias marmoratus collected by the

Siidpolar Expedition at Kerguelen Island (Berlin Museum 17699) are four

specimens of Antias dimorphus showing the enlarged first pereional segment.

The remaining specimens of 4. ‘marmoratus’ from Kerguelen at St Paul Island

collected by the Siidpolar Expedition are probably A. hofsteni Nordenstam.

As Vanh6ffen’s material is a mixture of two species, each from a different

location, the name A. marmoratus will be omitted from the faunal list of the

two islands, but remains on the list of species for Kerguelen Island.

Antias hispidus Vanhoéffen

Fig. 12A-B

Antias hispidus Vanhoffen, 1914: 533, fig. 60. Stephensen, 1927: 356, fig. 24. Nordenstam,

1933: 201, fig. 47. Menzies & Miller, 1955: 385.

Previous records

St Paul Island, Auckland Island, Falkland Island, Graham region

(Antarctica).

Fig. 12. Antias hispidus Vanhoffen.

A—Pleopod 2 3; B—Pleopod 1 ¢.

294 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Material

AMS _ a6 13 1° St Paul 8a 71335 722 6 ovig. 99

a4 OG Le 3 ovig. 2° 8b 1 ovig. 2

b3 MEE AVE 14 1d

D12 12 16 292 1 ovig. 2

7. il & Tla 16

93 3365 299 4 ovig. 99

Antias hofsteni Nordenstam

Fig. 13

Antias hofsteni Nordenstam, 1933: 205. Menzies & Miller, 1955: 385. Menzies, 1962: 60.

Previous records

South Georgia.

Material

AMS __17.1.1971 19 1 ovig. 2 St Paul 29.1.1971 19

D19 1g B7 1 ovig. 2

119 N63 1 ovig. 2

142b 1 ovig. 2

Fig. 13. Antias hofsteni Nordenstam.

Uropod.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 295

Remarks

In the general body structure and proportions, and in the appendages,

the present material agrees completely with Nordenstam’s description. The

uropod, which was lacking in all the Antarctic material previously collected,

is figured.

Family Janiridae

Caecianiropsis ectiformis (Vanh6ffen)

Fig. 14A-C

Austroniscus ectiformis Vanh6ffen, 1914: 553, fig. 80.

Caecianiropsis ectiformis: Menzies & Pettit, 1956: 446.

Previous records

Observatory Bay, Kerguelen Island.

Material

St Paul 90 12 _ Total length 1,5 mm

Remarks

Vanh6ffen’s figure does not show the first pleonal segment. This segment,

although difficult to see, is present in both the Kerguelen and St Paul specimens.

Taniroides gen. nov.

Diagnosis

Janirid possessing eyes, slight rostral point, scale on antennal peduncle.

Pereional segments more or less equal in length and width. Coxal plates dorsally

visible on all segments. Pleon longer than wide.

Pereiopod I similar in male and female; propodus distally expanded, palm

straight; dactylus biunguiculate.

Pereiopods IJ-VII triunguiculate.

Uropod with well-developed basis, exopod half length and width of

endopod.

Pleopod | in male narrow, Y-shaped, proximal halves of rami contiguous,

distal halves divergent, narrow.

Discussion

In the structure of the antennae and mouthparts, the rostral projection,

the prehensile first pereiopod, the triunguiculate dactyli of the remaining

pereiopods, this species could be placed into the genus Janira, as Barnard

(1920) did. The Y-shaped first pleopod of the male, however, which resembles

no other janirid, demands the creation of a new genus. The type species of the

genus is Janiroides angusta (Barnard, 1920), and was originally described from

a single male from False Bay, Cape. Some of the appendages of this specimen

have been refigured.

296 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 14. Caecianiropsis ectiformis (Vanh6ffen).

A—@ in dorsal view; B—Mandible; C—Maxilliped.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 297

Taniroides angusta (Barnard)

Figs 1SA-F, 16A—D

Janira angusta Barnard, 1920: 404, pl. 17 (figs 1-3); 1940: 511. Wolff, 1962: 41.

Previous records

False Bay, Cape 1 ¢.

Material

AMS 74 32922 1,mm 1,8mm 2,0mm

Supplementary description

Eyes with nine or ten ocelli. Coxal plates visible on all pereional segments,

those on segments I-IV situated at antero-lateral corners, those on segments

V-VII on postero-lateral corners; coxal plates of segments I and II distally

acute, remaining plates rounded.

Pereiopod I similar in male and female, with propodus distally broad,

palm armed with five or six short blunt sensory setae; dactylus apically

biunguiculate.

Operculum in female broader than long, with distal margin slightly concave.

Pleopod | in male narrow, rami proximally contiguous, distally divergent,

apically tapered, tipped with several setae.

Tanisera gen. nov.

Diagnosis

Janirid possessing eyes, no distinct rostral point; scale on antennal

peduncle; antennule well developed. Pereional segments more or less equal in

length and width. Coxal plates dorsally visible on all segments. Maxillipedal

palp 5-segmented, three proximal segments expanded. Pereiopods similar,

ambulatory, dactyli all biunguiculate. Uropodal basis short, rami separate,

exopod slightly shorter and narrower than endopod. First pleopod of male

very broad, expanded, rami fused proximally. Pleotelson marginally serrate,

bearing dorso-lateral ridge. The type species of the genus is Janisera trepidus

Sp. nov.

Remarks

The presence of eyes, well-developed antennules, uropods, and molar

process of the mandible, together with the enlarged segments of the maxilli-

pedal palp, all the pereiopods being ambulatory, and the body parallel-sided,

suggest the group of genera Jaera, Janira, Janilirata, Ianiropsis. The first pereio-

pods of the male are not more elongate than the following pereiopods as in

Taniropsis, or prehensile as in Janira, neither are the uropods produced well

beyond the body margin as in Janilirata, nor does the species possess indented

lateral margins of the posterior pereional segments. This species is charac-

terized by the broad first pleopod of the male, the pleotelson bearing a lateral

ridge, and all the pereiopods armed with two dactylar spines.

298

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

) NED tae ne —

1D Ze

( oe

ze Rebs

Fig. 15. Janiroides angusta (Barnard).

A—@ in dorsal view; B—Mandible; C—First maxilla; D—Second maxilla; E—Maxilliped;

F—First pereiopod 2.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 299

Fig. 16. Janiroides angusta (Barnard).

A—Pereiopod VII; B—Pleopod 1 3; C—Pleopod 2 3; D—Operculum 9.

300 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Tanisera trepidus sp. nov.

Figs 17A—G, 18A-—D

Description

Male: Body elongate, parallel-sided, bearing numerous short setae. Head

anteriorly trilobed, rostral process evenly rounded; eyes tiny, dorsal, situated

in posterior half of head. Coxal plates visible on all pereional segments. Pleo-

telson slightly longer than wide; lateral margins bearing about five serrations,

posterior margin with broadly rounded median lobe; single lateral ridge on

distal half, just median to lateral margin, ending distally in spine. Antennule

about half length of antennae, consisting of large basal segment, second segment

about half length and width of basal segment, flagellum of four segments.

Antenna consisting of 5-segmented peduncle, second segment bearing well-

developed scale; first and second segments equal in length to third segment,

latter two-thirds length of fourth segment; flagellum of twelve segments.

Mandible bearing 3-segmented palp, distal segment curved, armed with seven

serrate spines, middle segment with four slender serrate spines; incisor process

of five teeth, setal row of six serrate setae well separated from distally truncate

molar process.

First maxilla, inner ramus bearing two stout setae plus several very fine

setae, outer ramus with at least twelve serrate spines.

Second maxilla, outer ramus slender, bearing three elongate simple setae;

outer lobe of inner ramus slender, bearing four elongate simple setae, inner

ramus stout, carrying numerous simple setae.

Maxillipedal palp 5-segmented, two distal segments slender, three proximal

segments expanded; endite bearing several fringed setae distally, two coupling

hooks medially. Pereiopods similar, basal segment longest, all dactyli tipped

with two curved spines. Pleopod | broad, two basal sections together forming

almost complete sphere, distal area between median line and outer spine

broadly convex, carrying about twenty alternately long and short setae.

Pleopod 2 bearing eight elongate simple setae distally.

Uropods with base almost hidden by distal margin of pleotelson, outer

ramus slightly longer and broader than inner, both carrying numerous setae.

Female: Similar in all head and pereional appendages to male.

Operculum carrying numerous close-set setae on distal margin, latter

somewhat concave medially.

Material

Holotype AMS 16.1.1971 13 2,0mm Paris Museum Is. 1007

Paratypes AMS 133 2 gd 1,1 mm 1,7 mm 2 99 1,3 mm 1,9 mm Paris

Museum Is. 1008

Paratypes AMS 17.1.1971 13 1,8mm 2992 1,3 mm 1,8mm SAM-14996

AMS 39 2 22 1,9 mm 2,0mm

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 301

Fig. 17. Janisera trepidus sp. nov.

A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Antennule; C—Antenna; D—First maxilla; E—Second

maxilla; F—Mandible; G—Pereiopod I.

302 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 18. Janisera trepidus sp. nov.

A—Maxilliped; B—Pleopod 1 ¢; C—Pleopod 2 $; D—Operculum 9°.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 303

2,0

————— ae

Fig. 19. Janira capensis Barnard. i

A—d in dorsai view; B—First maxilla; C—Second maxilla; D—Mandible; E—Maxilliped.

304 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 20. Janira capensis Barnard.

A—Antenna; B—Pleopod 1 ¢; C—Pleopod 2 $; D—Pleopod 3 ¢.

Janira capensis Barnard

Figs 19A-E, 20A—D

Janira capensis Barnard, 1914: 220, pl. 20b. non Iathrippa longicauda Chilton, Menzies, 1962:

Previous records

Lideritzbucht, Saldanha Bay, Table Bay, False Bay.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 305

Material

AMS a7 St Paul 6c DSS. 2129

24a 16 Ta 3ggd 299

B7 SOC LS. agus

7b 1233 3o0vig.92 499

18 13¢¢ 2ovig.¢? 11 29

20 43d 3199

22a 566 Ilovig.? 2 °°

22c 73S Tovig.22 10 99 4 juv.

23 533 lovig.? 8 22 8 juv.

B0anales 1Eo

30b 26 19

32 igs

91 7133 2ovig.22 3 29

Remarks

Nordenstam (1933), in his description of J. /ongicauda, figures the pleo-

telsonic margins entire, the carpus of pereiopod I without a distal curved spine,

and mentions the distinct rostrum for the species. Menzies (1962, fig. 51f-g)

also shows a well-developed rostrum, which is lacking in the present material.

Thus J. longicauda is easily distinguishable from Barnard’s valid species.

Taniropsis palpalis Barnard

Fig. 21

Laniropsis palpalis Barnard, 1914: 222, pl. 21A. Wolff, 1962: 251.

Previous records

Liideritzbucht, Table Bay, False Bay, Port Elizabeth, East London.

Material

AMS St Paul

A6 12 B7 264 292 1 ovig. 2

B9 1? B19 9551, 0122

bl 6gg 399 3 ovig. 29 D3 WSS) le?

b3 20 $3 1192 7 ovig. $9 D5/a 13 392 1 ovig. 2

D1 233 499 D5/c 34h 299 4 ovig. 22

D7 19 D6 2063 429 5 ovig. 2°

D9 103g 1099 11 ovig. 99 D8 1d

D12 113g 8992 7 ovig. 99 Dil ies

Jil Nes 2 2° 3 40 Sg 2299 15 ovig. 9°

Pi 43d Ta 10S LOST AN ovige 9?

P4 1¢ Tb 83S 692 Tovig. 9°

P19 il Be 292 1 ovig. 2 14 2 ovig. 22

P28 192 16 Ding ee 1 ovig. 2

P34 12 18 L4G Sa 3192 3 ovig. 2°

P45 1 ovig. 2 19 DG mile? 1 ovig. 2

P83 1g 20 20 $$ 999 13 ovig. 92

27.3.1970/b 1g 3 29 22a aie DOO Sonne, C2

28.3.1970/b 2386 299 22b 63d 292 3 ovig. 22

12.12.1970 ZG3) 179 1 ovig. 2 22c Deve Wo Loy, &

17.1.1971 392 1 ovig. 2 23 566 299) “3 :0vig go

16.1.1971 438g 18 23a 1d 19 2 ovig. 22

4 19 24b 2 ovig. 22

306 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Material

9 1d 30a 83s 52

11 13 19 30b 265d 129

14 22 66 3492 = 64 ovig. 29 35 2133 152

28 52 63 5292 25 ovig. 22 67 13

39 1763 692 4 ovig. 29 Tla 635 32

4la 30 dg 2299 11 ovig. 92 90 533

41b 1d 392 2 ovig. 22 1970 12

48 28 63 2999 4 ovig. 99° 91 2S) AES

60 83d 492 2 ovig. 92 1.1971 Dex | 3) 2

64a 29 Sg 999 12 ovig. 99 29.1.1971 36345 112

64b 2366 392 2 ovig. 22

73 SoS) i LL Br ovig ee

74 8gg 499

83 233 1 ovig. 2

94 66 gS 30 92 «31 ovig. 22

96 42 gs 2092 11 ovig. 29

101 53d 592 5 ovig. 29

103 18 gg 999 4 ovig. 29

111 1 ovig. 2

119 1653 692 6 ovig. 22

132 253 329

133 43s 12 1 ovig. 2

142b 2155 1092 2 ovig. 22

147 235g 292

148 4gd 499

166 58 dg 4092 34 ovig. 92

173 71533 3499 44 ovig. 99

Family Jaeropsidae

Jaeropsis beuroisi Kensley

Jaeropsis beuroisi Kensley, 1975: 374, figs 7-8.

Previous records

St Paul and Amsterdam Islands.

Material

AMS St Paul

D12 236 189 1 ovig. 2 B7 ise

39 19 1 ovig. 2 B19 eS 192

41b 1¢ 3 1d 2°

44 1° Tb 13 gg 139

64a 13 1 ovig. 2 18 ewer ioe

74 433 20 13 1S.

94 236 22c WAreyey 75

119 11 gg 822 2 ovig. 22 Tla “avawey IL

142b 255 399 2 ovig. 22 90 18 gg 2092

147 1d 1e? 29.12.1970

Jaeropsis paulensis Vanhoéffen

+0 +0 40 +0

3 ovig. 22

8 ovig. 22

11 ovig. 9°

3 ovig. 22

1 ovig.

1 ovig. 2

4 ovig. 22

11 ovig. 2°

1 ovig. 2

10 ovig. 22

4 ovig. 22

1 ovig. 2

9 ovig. 2°

1 ovig. 2

1 juv.

Jaeropsis paulensis Vanhoffen, 1914: 531, fig. 59a. Barnard, 1965: 201, fig. 2b. Kensley, 1975:

371, figs 5-6.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 307

Fig. 21. Janiropsis palpalis Barnard.

6 in dorsal view.

Previous records

St Paul Island, Gough Island.

Material

AMS

a4 9 3d 8 ovig. 29

a8 DOO

a9 13

b3 335 692 3 ovig. 22

27.3.1970/b 13

St Paul

14 3g

ey Felie)

933

733

4 ovig. 29

308 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Family Munnidae

Munnogonium subtilis sp. nov.

Fig. 22A-I

Description

Female: Body pear-shaped, widest at second and third pereional segments.

Head with anterior margin between antennules straight; eyestalks elongate.

Pereional segments I-IV broad, antero-lateral corners of segment I rounded,

of segment II quadrate, segments III and IV notched; segments V to VII

narrower than preceding segments, with coxal plates visible. Pleotelson as

long as broad, distally broadly rounded, lateral margins as far as insertion of

uropoda dentate (about 12 teeth). Antennule with 2-segmented peduncle, basal

segment shorter, more curved and wider than second segment; flagellum

4-segmented. Antennae missing.

Mandible with narrow toothed incisor process, narrow lacinia mobilis,

followed by four elongate setae; molar process elongate, distally slightly

expanded, truncate; palp missing.

Maxilliped with two distal segments of palp much narrower than three

proximal segments; endite bearing about 6 setae (three simple, three plumose),

plus two coupling hooks. Pereiopod I dactylus bearing elongate terminal

curved spine plus smaller spine; propodus with two sensory spines on ventral

margin, carpus somewhat shorter and broader than propodus, also with two

sensory spines on ventral margin; basis elongate, equal in length to merus and

ischium.

Operculum distally narrowed to rounded apex bearing four stout setae.

Uropoda short, biramous, inner ramus half length and width of outer.

Material

Holotype AMS D9 1 ovig. 2 total length 1,8 mm Paris Museum Is. 1009

Remarks

Bowman & Schultz (1974) recently revised the genus Munnogonium George

& Stromberg. They separated the members of the genus from the closely related

species of Austrosignum Nordenstam by the lack of a mandibular palp in species

of Munnogonium. The resemblance is most marked in general body shape and

proportion between the new species and A. Jatifrons Menzies (1962), but that

species has a palp on the mandible. A. globifrons Menzies was placed in Munno-

gonium by Bowman and Schultz, but does not resemble the new species as

closely in general body shape as does A. Jatifrons. The new species also resembles

Paramunna kerguelensis Vanhéffen, but it is not known if a mandibular palp

is present or absent in this species.

Genus Coulmannia Hodgson

Hodgson, 1910: 52. Vanhdéffen, 1914: 580. Nordenstam, 1933: 225. Menzies, 1962: 173.

Wolff, 1962: 62.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 309

Fig. 22. Munnogonium subtilis sp. nov.

A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Antennule; C—First maxilla; DD—Second maxilla;

E— Mandible; F—Maxilliped; G—Pereiopod I; H—Uropoda; I—Operculum.

310 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Coulmannia unicornis sp. nov.

Figs 23A-F, 24A—H

Description

Male: Head steeply rounded anteriorly. Pereion widest at IIIrd segment.

Pereional segment I laterally bulbous, rounded, bearing strong medio-dorsal

‘horn’, segments II-IV each with single digitiform lateral extension; segments

V-VII posteriorly directed, laterally rounded. Pleotelson anteriorly narrow,

cylindrical, posteriorly bulbous, with five serrations on each side, apically

bluntly rounded.

Eyestalks reaching to proximal half of second antennular segment, with

four ocelli. Antennule with two subequal peduncular segments, flagellum of

four segments. Antenna with 5-segmented peduncle, two distal segments

elongate, subequal; flagellum of six segments.

Mandible lacking palp, with incisor process bearing five teeth; setal row

of three setae; molar process large, cylindrical, distally truncate, with blunt

irregular teeth on grinding surface.

Maxillipedal palp 5-segmented, three basal segments broad, two distal

segments more slender, all segments bearing setae; endite with strong conical

tooth at medio-distal corner, seven or eight setae, single coupling hook present.

Pereiopod I subchelate, carpus with emarginate fringed palm, demarked by

strong conical tooth; dactylus with long unguis; propodus bearing two stout

setae with sensory tips.

Pereiopods II-VII similar, longer and more slender than pereiopod I;

dactyli with long unguis; propodi and carpi elongate, meri short, ischium and

bases subequal elongate. Pleopod 1 proximally fused, distally separate, distal

lobes triangular, with outer basal corners bearing several short setae.

Uropod biramous, inserted without peduncle beneath ridge on bulbous

pleotelson; endopod half length of exopod, both tipped with elongate setae.

Female: Pereional segments II-IV broader than in male; pereional segment

I not armed with ‘horn’ as in male.

Pereiopod I shorter than following legs, but not subchelate.

Operculum longer than broad, distally tapering to bluntly rounded tip,

fringed at widest part with short setae.

Material

Holotype AMS 17.1.1971. 16 2,0mm_ Paris Museum Is. 1010

Allotype AMS 17.1.1971. 1 ovig.2 1,4mm_ Paris Museum Is. 1011

€

Remarks

The absence of a mandibular palp is the most important character of this

genus, along with the strong apically truncate molar process of the mandible.

Hodgson created the genus for two species, viz. C. australis from Coulman

Island in Victoria Land, South Georgia, and Graham Land, and C. frigida,

described from a single specimen also from the Antarctic. The differences

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 311

Fig. 23. Coulmannia unicornis sp. nov.

A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Head and anterior segments in lateral view; C— Mandible;

D—Second maxilla; E—Maxilliped; F—Antennule and eyestalk.

312 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 24. Coulmannia unicornis sp. nov.

A—Antenna; B—Pereiopod I; C—Pereiopod VII; D—Uropoda; E—Operculum 9;

F—Pleopod 1 3; G—Pleopod 2 §; H—Pleopod 3 d.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 313

between these two species and C. wunicornis are readily apparent. The most

obvious is in the structure of the lateral pereional extensions — bifid in C. australis,

single in C. unicornis and C. frigida. C. australis carries a single median dorsal

spine on each of the pereional segments while in the present species, only

the first pereional segment bears a strong dorsal ‘horn’ (hence the specific

name). Regarding the appendages, there is general agreement between those of

C. australis, well illustrated by Nordenstam (1933) and the present species.

Subtle differences are apparent, particularly in the maxilliped, and first pereiopod

of the male.

Echinomunna urovyentralis sp. nov.

Figs 25A-E, 26A—D

Description

Female: Body longer than wide, spinose. Head bearing three spines

anteriorly, median spine at higher level than lateral spines. Eyes lateral. Pereional

segments each bearing strong lateral spine, with two coxal spines visible in

dorsal view. Pereional segment I with two submedian dorsal spines, segments

II-IV with seven dorsal spines, segments V—VII with three dorsal spines. Pleon

fused, longer than wide, with two strong backwardly-directed lateral spines at

widest point, medio-distally with two long diverging spines.

Antennule with 2-segmented peduncle, segments subequal in length, basal

segment wider than distal segment; flagellum 4-segmented, two proximal and

distal segment subequal, short, third segment nine times longer than wide, very

slender. Antennae in all specimens with flagella missing; peduncle of four short

segments, second and third segments each with two strong spines.

Right mandible, incisor process of five strong teeth, followed by five strong

fringed setae, molar process strong, distally truncate; palp 3-segmented, basal

segment two-thirds length of middle segment, distal segment curved, half

length of middle segment, bearing two or three fringed setae, plus numerous

fine setules. Left mandible with incisor process of five strong teeth, narrow

lacinia mobilis carrying five teeth, four stout fringed setae in setal row.

Maxillipedal endite broad, with nine or ten short setae on medio-distal

margin, three coupling hooks on median margin, palp 6-segmented, with

first to third segments wider than fourth to sixth segments, but not as marked

as in Echinomunna s.s., first segment one-third length of second segment, third

segment somewhat shorter than second, segments four and five subequal in

length, terminal segment tiny.

Pereiopod I considerably shorter than following pereiopods; dactylus

curved, with well-marked unguis; propodus with convex palm bearing delicate

fringed membrane plus several stout setae with sensory tips; carpus distally

broader than proximally, shorter than propodus, subequal to merus in length;

ischium and basis elongate, subequal.

314 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 25. Echinomunna uroventralis sp. nov.

A—Holotype in dorsal view; B—Maxilliped; C—Antennule; D—Uropod;

E—Operculum 9

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 315

Pereiopods IJ-VII slender, elongate, dactyli bearing two terminal claws;

propodi and carpi slender, elongate; meri, ischia, and bases much shorter,

coxae carrying two or three spinose processes, visible dorsally beneath lateral

pereional spine.

Operculum longer than wide, distally tapering to broadly-rounded apex.

Uropods ventral to posterior pleonal spines, uniramous, tipped with

several setae, three-and-a-half times longer than wide.

Material

Holotype AMS 28 1 ovig.2 Total length 1,8 mm _ Paris Museum Is. 1012

Paratypes AMS 28 2 ovig. 22 Total length 1,7 mm _ Paris Museum Is. 1013

Remarks

The slender ambulatory pereiopods, lateral eyes, the pleon longer than

broad, segments one to three of the maxillipedal palp broader than segments

four to six, the uropod lacking a peduncle, the strong mandibular molar process,

apically truncate, all place this species in the family Munnidae. Nevertheless,

some differences are apparent when considering the various diagnoses for the

family (e.g. Menzies 1962: 172; Wolff 1962: 59-60). The first three segments

of the maxillipedal palp are not as wide as the endite, and a second pleonal

segment is not visible.

A generic position for this species cannot be arrived at with any confidence.

From Menzies’s key (1962), using the following characters, one arrives at the

choice of either Echinomunna or Acanthomunna: coxal plates visible in dorsal

view, mandibular palp 3-segmented, coxal plates visible on pereional segments

two to seven, body strongly spinose. The uropods of the present species are

neither lateral as in Echinomunna nor dorsal as in Acanthomunna. The relatively

massive, pedunculate, biramous uropods of Acanthomunna would seem to rule

out this genus. Using Wolff’s key (1962), the following characters place the

species in the genus Echinomunna: molar process subcylindrical and strong,

coxal plates two to seven visible in dorsal view, body strongly spinose.

The present material agrees with Vanhd6ffen’s description of Echinomunna

horrida in the spinose body, the position of the eyes, the construction of the

antennule with one long flagellar segment plus several short segments, in the

structure of the maxilliped and the first pereiopod. The main differences between

E. horrida and E. uroyentralis lie in the number of dorsal pereional spines,

and especially in the pleonal structure with the ventrally inserted uropods.

The Antarctic species possesses five proximal spines, while the uropods are

inserted laterally, and the pleon is distally rounded-truncate. In E. uroventralis

there are two strong lateral spines, plus two submedian distal spines with the

uropods inserted beneath them.

The present species is thus placed in the genus Echinomunna with some

reservations, and with the necessity to enlarge the definition of the genus to

include uropods which are inserted either laterally or ventrally.

316 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 26. Echinomunna uroventralis sp. nov.

A—Pereiopod I; B—Pereiopod VII; C—Right mandible; D—Left mandible.

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 317

Munna (Uromunna) nana Nordenstam

Munna nana Nordenstam, 1933: 222, figs. 56-57.

Munna nana forma ‘‘a”’ Menzies, 1962: 42 fig 5.

Previous records

Chile, Falkland Islands.

Material

AMS a4 2 99 St Paul B19 19 1 ovig. 2

Ci 1 ovig. 2 D36 13 1 ovig. 2

28 292 $4 ovig. 22 6c 236

4la 13 2 ovig. 2° Ta 349d 292 2 ovig. 22

48 1 ovig. 2 8c 1 ovig. 2

64a 13 19 1¢ 2 ovig. 2°

94 19 22a 19

96 2 ovig 29 22c 23535 322 3 ovig. 22

103 19 23a 1 ovig. 2

142b 3 3d 1 ovig. 2 30a 1 ovig. 2

173 19 30b 19 1 ovig. 2

77a 13 19

7T7b 1 ovig. 2

90 53d 1092 2 ovig. 2°

Remarks

Slight differences between the present material and Menzies’s forma ‘a’

as well as the forma typica are apparent. The last segment of the antennal

peduncle is not twice the length of the penultimate segment, while the superior

dactylar spine of the pereiopods is smooth.

Suborder ONISCOIDEA

Family Oniscidae

Subfamily Scyphacinae

Deto echinata Guérin

Deto echinata: Budde-Lund, 1885: 234; 1906: 85, pl. 4 (figs 37-38). Panning, 1924: 185,

figs 4-8. Barnard, 1932: 221, fig. 12. Vandel, 1945: 261. Green, 1974: 240.

Deto armata Budde-Lund, 1906: 85, pl. 4 (figs 26-36). Panning, 1924: 191, fig. 10.

Previous records

Rocky Point (S.W.A.), Liideritzbucht, Lamberts Bay, Olifants River

Mouth, Dyers Island, Dassen Island, Table Bay, False Bay, Hermanus, Knysna,

St Paul Island.

Material

AMS a6 71383 499

15 32 dS 26 ¢9

27.3.1970/a 2 2°

28.3.1970/a 24353 18 99

318 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Remarks

Panning (1924) synonymized D. armata with D. acinosa, which he regarded

as a species separate from D. echinata. His figure 10, however, is of an immature

male from St Paul Island, not yet showing the development of dorsal spines on

pereion and pleon. Barnard (1932) regards D. acinosa (and with it D. armata)

as synonymous with D. echinata, but qualifies this by stating that the small

strongly granulate form of D. echinata might be regarded as the form acinosa.

That this group of isopods is extremely variable is without doubt. It is

interesting, however, to note the following: of about 100 mature males of

D. echinata from South African localities examined, none showed spinose

processes on the pleon, and that both mature males and females from South

Africa frequently reach a total length of more than 20 mm. Of the 64 adult

males from St Paul and Amsterdam Islands examined, none were larger than

17,5 mm; while 42 specimens possessed a pair of spines on the third pleonal

segment, 14 showed a pair of spines on both pleonal segments three and four,

while 8 specimens lacked pleonal spines completely. Further, these pereional

and pleonal spines never showed the markedly incurved condition of the South

African forms. No differences in the structure of the male genital apparatus

could be seen between St Paul-Amsterdam Island specimens and South African

specimens. It would seem that the St Paul-Amsterdam Island population

should be regarded as part of the D. echinata group, but that this island popula-

tion, isolated as it is, is beginning to show morphological signs of diverging

from the mainland African stock.

Family Oniscidae

Porcellio scaber Latreille

Porcellio scaber: Budde-Lund, 1906: 88. Barnard, 1932: 252, fig. 21 (references).

Porcellio paulensis Heller, 1865: 136, pl. 12 (fig. 5). Brocchi, 1877: 97. André, 1932: 177, 180.

Previous records

Cape Province, St Helena Island, Tristan da Cunha, St Paul and Amsterdam

Islands.

Material

AMS Sa 1 ovig. 2 2 juv.

6a 6 99

6b 1 juv.

ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL DISCUSSION

The total number of species of isopods from the St Paul and Amsterdam

Islands, including past collections plus the present collection, is 43. To get the

effective list of species on which zoogeographical conclusions may be based,

the two undetermined species, viz. Munna sp., and the damaged tanaid, and

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 319

the four inadequately described species of Brocchi (1877) the types of which

have been lost, viz. Spheroma (sic) tuberculata, Cymodoce picta, Cymothoa

gadorum, and Rocinela major, must be removed. This leaves an effective total

of thirty-seven species. These thirty-seven species may be divided into various

categories to give some idea of the relationships of the fauna. When the thorough-

ness with which the present collection was made is considered, it is unlikely

that any major components of the isopod fauna have been overlooked, thus

zoogeographical conclusions may be made with a fair degree of confidence.

The following lists reflect the various categories into which the fauna has been

divided, and the percentage of the total number of species they constitute.

Species endemic to St Paul and Amsterdam Islands—10 species—27 %

Munnogonium subtilis

Coulmannia unicornis

Cymodocella sapmeri

Dynamenella brunnea

Echinomunna uroventralis

Ejisothistos crateris

Tanisera trepidus

Jaeropsis beuroisi

Panathura amstelodami

Paridotea nitida

Species with Antarctic, Subantarctic, and South American Affinities—7 species—

18,9%

Antias dimorphus

Antias hispidus

Antias hofsteni

Caecianiropsis ectiformis

Cleantis granulosa

Jaeropsis paulensis

Munna nana

Species with widespread distribution—7 species— 18,9 %

Aega antillensis

Anatanais gracilis

Idotea metallica

Leptochelia savignyi

Limnoria quadripunctata

Lironeca raynaudii

Porcellio scaber

320 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Species found only in southern Africa and St Paul and Amsterdam Islands—

13 species—35,1°% (with southern African distribution)

Aega monilis Table Bay, East London

Cirolana rugicauda Port Nolloth, St Helena Bay

Deto echinata Rocky Point, S.W.A. to Knysna

Dynamenella dioxus Liideritzbucht to False Bay

Taniroides angusta False Bay

Taniropsis palpalis Liideritzbucht to East London

Janira capensis Liideritzbucht to False Bay

Leptochelia barnardi Table Bay, False Bay

Panathura serricauda Liideritzbucht to False Bay

Paridotea reticulata Liideritzbucht to False Bay

Parisocladus perforatus Rocky Point, S.W.A. to East London

Stenetrium crassimanus False Bay to Natal

Stenetrium saldanha Saldanha Bay, False Bay, Still Bay

Endemism

The degree of certainty with which the endemism of an area can be described

is obviously related to the degree to which surrounding areas have been sampled.

As four of the endemics in the present list range in depth from 30 to 120 metres

—a depth range not often well sampled, these cannot be regarded as endemics

with any certainty. Nevertheless, the figure of 27 per cent agrees well with that

for the fish of St Paul and Amsterdam Islands given by Briggs (1974) of 28 per

cent.

Southern African[St Paul and Amsterdam species

Twelve of the thirteen species in this category are typical of the cold west

coast of South Africa, several being known only from Liideritzbucht to False

Bay. Three species extend to East London or Durban on the east coast; of

these, Aega monilis is a fish parasite, while the other two are asellote isopods

with a predominantly subtidal distribution, and may be considered as within

Stephenson’s (1947) southern warm-—temperate province stretching (in senso

stricto) from Cape Agulhas to Algoa Bay.

Knox (1960) regards St Paul and Amsterdam as a separate cold-temperate

province of the austral sea, not especially related to southern Africa. Briggs

(1974: 151), however, considering seven of the ten non-endemic species of fish

of these islands which also occur in southern Africa, regards St Paul and

Amsterdam as more probably related to the ‘Cape of Good Hope. . . within

the southern Africa Warm-Temperate Region’. Stephenson, with a detailed

knowledge of the intertidal of southern Africa, regarded the west coast of

South Africa from about Cape Point to Tropical West Africa as a cold-temperate

province. As twelve of the thirteen isopod species common to South Africa and

St Paul-Amsterdam may be regarded as typical cold-temperate west coast

ISOPODAN AND TANAIDACEAN CRUSTACEA FROM SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN 321

inhabitants, Briggs’s view of a warm-temperate fauna is misleading, as is

Knox’s view of an unrelated cold-temperate fauna.

A more accurate view, supported by the isopods and the fish, is that the

St Paul and Amsterdam Islands have a cold-temperate fauna, with a marked

affinity to the cold-temperate west coast fauna of South Africa, but that a small

warm-temperate component related to the warm-temperate south coast fauna

of South Africa is also present. An example of this latter component is Stenetrium

crassimanus, known from False Bay to Natal. Comparison of the sea-surface

temperatures of the two areas gives further weight to this view. St Paul and

Amsterdam have an average summer temperature of 17,5°C, and average

winter temperature of 12,5°C (Wyrtki 1971; Briggs 1974), while on the west

coast of South Africa the annual inshore temperature ranges from 10°-16°C

(Division of Sea Fisheries Report 33).

The presence of a large number of South African species amongst the

isopod fauna of St Paul and Amsterdam as well as other organisms common to

both areas, such as the portunid crab Ovalipes trimaculatus (Arnaud, Beurois

& Noel 1972) and various algae including Splachnidium rugosum and the kelp

Macrocystis pyrifera (Briggs 1974), may easily be explained by invoking the

effect of the West Wind Drift, as noted by Briggs (1974: 150).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My sincere thanks are due to the following scientists and institutions for

the help and hospitality shown me: Dr H.-E. Gruner of the Natural History

Museum of the Humboldt University, East Berlin; Dr R. J. Lincoln of the

British Museum (Natural History); and Dr G. Pretzmann of the Natural

History Museum, Vienna.

I am grateful to Mr D. C. Lee of the South Australian Museum for the

loan of Idoteid material.

My grateful thanks are due to Dr P. Arnaud, and Dr J. Beurois, and their

colleagues of the Station Marine D’Endoume et Centre D’Oceanographie,

Marseille, for making this collection available to me, and for providing informa-

tion in the form of data, as well as reprints of early works.

I am very grateful to Dr T. E. Bowman of the Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C., and Dr G. A. Schultz of the Jersey City State College, for

their critical reading of the manuscript, and for their many useful comments.

I wish to thank the Trustees of the South African Museum, and the Council

for Scientific and Industrial Research, for a travel grant allowing me to visit

several European museums.

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STEBBING, T. R. R. 1910. General catalogue of South African Crustacea.— Ann. S. Afr. Mus.

6: 281-593.

STEPHENSEN, K. 1927. Crustacea from the Campbell and Auckland Islands. — Vidensk. Medadr.

dansk naturh. Foren. 83: 289-390.

STEPHENSON, T. A. 1947. The constitution of the intertidal fauna and flora of South Africa. III.

— Ann. Natal Mus. 11: 207-324.

VANDEL, A. 1945. La répartition géographique des Oniscoidea (Crustacea Isopodes terrestres).

— Bull. biol. Fr. Belg. 79: 221-272.

VANHOFFEN, E. 1914. Die Isopoden der Deutschen stidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903.— Dt.

Siidpol.-Exped. 15: 447-598.

Wo rr, T. 1962. The systematics and biology of the bathyal and abyssal Isopoda Asellota. —

Galathea Rep. 6: 1-320.

WyRTKI, K., ed. 1971. Oceanographic atlas of the International Indian Ocean Expedition.

Washington: National Science Foundation.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform with the International code of zoological nomenclature

(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be

followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb.

nov., Syn. nov., etc.

An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening

punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s

name and year. The author’s name (and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a

species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of

a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon.

Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published

scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological

order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.:

Family Nuculanidae

Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15A

Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata sould net: BSG

Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856:

Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: iB, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (figs 8a—b).

Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87.

Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example:

comma separates author’s name and year

semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author

full stop separates references by different authors

figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures

dash, not comma separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby

the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is

not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-

mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material

not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number,

depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes

must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype

SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach,

Port Elizabeth (33.51S, 25.39E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers, date and geographical positions.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text

e.g. ‘... the Figure depicting C. namacolus...’; ‘.. .in C. namacolus(Fig. 10)...’

(b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded

by initials or full names

e.g. Du Toit but A.L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene

e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a

book or article, such as

“Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’

Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation

to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively.

Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the

abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the requirements of Bio-

logical Abstracts.