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BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

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FISCHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.— Archs

Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. —

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Koun, A. J. 19605. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. —

Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51.

THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische

und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270.

Jena: Fischer. — Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270.

(continued inside back cover)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 72 ~ +#Band

December 1976 December

Part 1 Deel

RUSS

1S B:B.B:9.0)

SSS

‘<> >

27 S

S“ourg now WSs

A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS (COPEPODA,

CALANOIDA) FROM THE MGAZANA ESTUARY,

PONDOLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, AND A REVIEW OF

THE CLOSELY RELATED GENUS PSEUDOTHARYBIS

JANET M. BRADFORD

Cape Town Kaapstad

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Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap

A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA)

FROM THE MGAZANA ESTUARY, PONDOLAND, SOUTH AFRICA,

AND A REVIEW OF THE CLOSELY RELATED GENUS

PSEUDOTHARYBIS

JANET M. BRADFORD

New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Department of Scientific

and Industrial Research, Wellington

(With 5 figures and | table)

LMS. accepted 28 April 1976]

ABSTRACT

A new species, Bradyidius hirsutus, is described. Four species previously attributed to

Bradyidius are transferred to Pseudotharybis which is placed in the Aetideidae.

CONTENTS

Introduction ;

Description of material 2,

Review of Pseudotharybis . 9

Acknowledgements. ‘ ; 9

References : 9

INTRODUCTION

The nine previously known species of the aetideid genus Bradyidius are

B. angustus (Tanaka, 1957), B. arnoldi Fleminger, 1957, B. bradyi (Sars, 1902) (see

Matthews (1964) for discussion of priority of specific name bradyi over armatus),

B. luluae Grice, 1972, B. pacificus (Brodsky, 1950), B. saanichi Park, 1960, B.

similis (Sars, 1902), B. spinifer Bradford, 1969a, and B. tropicus Wolfenden, 1905.

Both sexes are known except for B. angustus described only from the male, and

B. tropicus described only from the female and which has not been ,morpho-

logically distinguished from B. bradyi except that it is smaller and has fewer,

coarser teeth on the terminal exopod spine of legs 2-4 (Wolfenden 1905: 1006).

At the end of this paper four species, previously attributed to Bradyidius, are

removed to another genus.

The new species of Bradyidius described below was found in plankton

samples from the Mgazana Estuary, Pondoland, South Africa (31° 50’ S).

Although Bradyidius is known to be a benthic genus these particular specimens

were taken by T. Wooldridge on 1 September 1972 at night just below the

surface on an incoming tide at the mouth of the Mgazana Estuary. The depth

at this locality is about 3 metres at low tide, salinity 35,0%, (measured by hydro-

meter) and temperature 17,8°C.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 72(1), 1976: 1-10, 5 figs, 1 table.

2 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Dissected specimens of the presently described new species of Bradyidius

were mounted unstained in Euparal and observed using phase contrast. Descrip-

tions have been made from paratype material.

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL

Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov.

(Figs 1-5)

Holotype

SAM-A13661 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female in

plankton sample from mouth of Mgazana Lagoon, collected by T. Wooldridge,

1 September 1972.

Paratypes

SAM-A13662 in the South African Museum, Cape Town; | male whole,

2 males and 2 females dissected, collection data as above.

BM(NH)1975.1124 (1 female), BM(NH)1975.1125 (1 male) in the British

Museum (Natural History), London; collection data as above.

P295 in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington, collection;

1 female and | male, collection data as above.

Description

Female: Holotype 1,61 mm, paratype specimens 1,59-1,68 mm.

Head and pedigerous segment | separate, pedigerous segments 4 and 5

fused. Rostrum bifurcate with slightly divergent points. Posterior metasomal

points extend not quite to posterior border of genital segment.

Antenna | does not extend quite to posterior metasomal points, of 24 joints,

each with annulate setae, joints 8 and 9 fused, joints 18-25 bear very long

annulate setae as typical for the genus.

Antenna 2. Endopod joint | with 1 seta, joint 2 with 7 outer setae, 7 inner

setae (1 small); exopod joint | with | small seta and joint 2 with 3 setae.

Mandible. Basipod 2 with | seta; endopod joint 1 with 1 large and 2 small

setae, joint 2 with 10 setae, 1 of them small.

Maxilla 1. Inner lobe 1 with 14 spines and setae, inner lobe 2 with 5 setae,

inner lobe 3 and 4 setae, basipod 2 with 5 setae, endopod with at least 13 setae,

exopod with 10 setae, outer lobe 1 with 9 setae and outer lobe 2 naked.

Maxilla 2. Lobes 1-5 each with 3 spine-like setae, lobe 5 with 1 of these

spines very thick and heavy. Terminal part of limb with 7 setae.

Maxilliped as in other Bradyidius.

Leg 1. Basipod 1 with outer edge patch of spines, outer edge spines of

exopod joints | and 2 not extending beyond base of spine on next joint, outer

edge spine on exopod joint 3 longer than its joint.

Leg 2. Basipod 1 with outer edge patch of spines; anterior surface of

endopod naked, posterior surface of endopod joint 2 with small hairs covering

about half area. Terminal exopod spine with 17 or 21 teeth.

A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 3

0,l1mm

== AGB

SDE

Fig. 1. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Female.

A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Rostrum. D. Genital segment, lateral view. E. Urosome,

dorsal view.

Leg 3. Basipod 1 with outer edge patch of spines; anterior surface of

endopod joints 2 and 3 with small hairs covering slightly smaller area than spines

on posterior surface. Terminal exopod spine with 18 or 19 teeth.

Leg 4. Posterior surface of endopod joints 2 and 3 also anterior surface of

endopod joint 3 with small hairs. Terminal exopod spine with 20-23 teeth.

Leg 5 absent.

Male: Paratypes 1,36-1,53 mm.

Head and pedigerous segment 1 also pedigerous segments 4 and 5 com-

pletely fused. Rostrum bifurcate with slightly diverging points. Posterior meta-

somal points extend as far as posterior border of urosome segment 1.

Antenna | does not extend beyond posterior metasomal points; of 21 or

22 joints, most with annulate setae, 8-10, 12-i3 fused as are 20-21 on right

side; joints 1-12 with large aesthetes.

4 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Antenna 2 similar to that of female except basipod 1 with row of con-

spicuous hairs, exopod joint 1 without setae, endopod joint 2 with 2 setae;

endopod joint 2 with 6 outer setae.

Mandible blade without teeth, basipod apparently without seta, endopod

joint 2 with 10 setae.

Maxilla 1 inner lobes 1-3 without spines or setae, endopod with a few rudi-

mentary setae, exopod and outer lobe 1 with setae.

Maxilla 2 reduced to small lobe without setae.

Maxilliped similar to that of female except basipod 1 has 2 setae distally.

Legs 1-4 similar to those of female except outer edge exopod spines smaller.

Terminal spine of legs 2-4 with 20-23, 20-22, and 24—26 teeth respectively.

Fig. 2. Bradyidius nirsutus sp. nov. Female.

A. Antenna 1. B. Antenna 2. C. Mandible. D. Maxilla 1. E. Maxilla 2. F. Maxilliped.

A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 5

Fig. 3. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Female.

A. Leg 1, anterior view. B. Leg 2, posterior view. C. Leg 3, anterior view and posterior view

of endopod. D. Leg 4, posterior view and anterior view of endopod.

Leg 5 uniramous on each side, hardly extending beyond caudal rami, right

leg styliform, of 4 joints; left leg of 5 joints, penultimate joint with inner distal

knob bearing a fine spinule, terminal joint with row of small spinules.

Etymology

From the Latin hAirsutus = hairy, referring to the fact that hairs are to be

found on both the anterior and posterior surfaces of legs 3 and 4.

Discussion

All the species of Bradyidius are compared in Table | in so far as they are

known.

Female Bradyidius hirsutus may be distinguished primarily from B. arnoldi,

B. saanichi and B. spinifer, the three species it most resembles in respect to the

length of the posterior metasomal points in that the anterior surfaces of legs 3 and

4 as well as posterior endopod surfaces of legs 2-4 are ornamented with many

small hairs. Also the rostral points of B. hirsutus are slightly divergent but in

B. arnoldi not divergent and in B. saanichi strongly divergent (exact shape not

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

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A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 7

known for B. spinifer) and the outer edge spine of leg 1 exopod joint 1 does not

reach the base of the next spine in B. hirsutus, is very small in B. arnoldi, reaches

the base of the next spine in B. saanichi and extends half-way along the next spine

in B. spinifer.

The male of B. hirsutus is most like that of B. angustus even to the propor-

tions of leg 5 but differs from it chiefly in the ornamentation on the anterior and

posterior surfaces of legs 3 and 4. Also exopod joint | of antenna 2 has no setae

in B. hirsutus whereas it appears to have a seta in Tanaka’s (1957) illustration

and the rostrum of B. hirsutus has a much wider notch at the base of the points

than in B. angustus.

It appears the setation of the female maxilla 1 may be conservative.

Re-examination of the holotype of B. spinifer revealed that the basipod 2 in

fact has 5 setae, not 4 as described by Bradford (1969a) so B. spinifer does not

differ from B. /ulae in this respect.

Fig. 4. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Male.

A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Rostrum. D. Urosome, dorsal view.

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

PRR

> >DDMMADH DRAW AWN :

Fig. 5. Bradyidius hirsutus sp. nov. Male.

A. Left antenna 1. B. Antenna 2. C. Mandible. D. Maxilla 1. E. Maxilliped and rudimentary

maxilla 2. F. Leg 1, anterior view. G. Leg 2, anterior view and posterior view of endopod.

H. Leg 3, anterior view and posterior view of endopod. I. Leg 4, anterior view and posterior

view of endopod. J. Leg 5.

A NEW SPECIES OF BRADYIDIUS 9

REVIEW OF PSEUDOTHARYBIS

Females of three species attributed to Bradyidius by Bradford (19695),

B. robustus, B. brevispinus and a stage V B. spinibasis (erroneously referred to

as B. spinatus in the text (Bradford 1969a: 484)) have subsequently been recog-

nized by the author as fitting T. Scott’s (1909a) brief description of Pseudotharybis

because of the unique form of the female fifth legs which hardly varies from one

species to another. Although T. Scott (1909a) implied Pseudotharybis was a

tharybid, lack of sensory appendages terminally on maxilla 2 precluded that

conclusion. This genus is here placed in the family Aetideidae, closely related

to Bradyidius and Aetideopsis, and is one of the few genera in the family to have

a female fifth leg.

The male of B. robustus Bradford, 1969a along with B. dentatus Bradford,

1969a indicates the form of male Pseudotharybis which hardly differs from that

of Bradyidius or Aetideopsis except that the posterior metasomal points are

represented in Pseudotharybis by a small posterodorsal tooth and in the other

two genera by a posterior spine. Thus the genus Pseudotharybis now contains

the following species: P. zetlandicus T. Scott, 1909a, P. brevispinus (Bradford,

1969a), P. dentatus (Bradford, 1969a), P. robustus (Bradford, 1969a), and P.

spinibasis (Bradford, 1969a). There is also a possibility that Aetideopsis magna

Grice & Hulsemann, 1970 belongs to this genus. Pending a closer examination

of the genera Aetideopsis, Bradyidius and Pseudotharybis the exact limits of each

genus, especially with reference to the males, remains uncertain.

T. Scott’s (19094) P. dubius must be removed from Pseudotharybis as there

appear to be important differences from all other species in the genus. For

example maxilla 1 inner and outer lobe | are well developed but the remaining

parts are reduced in size and have a smaller number of setae, maxilliped basipod

1 has a strong spiniform seta on its distal border and leg 5 is of a different shape.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am indebted to Mr T. Wooldridge of the Port Elizabeth Museum for

bringing the new species of Bradyidius to my attention.

REFERENCES

BRADFORD, J. M. 1969a. New species of Aetideopsis Sars and Bradyidius Giesbrecht (Copepoda:

Calanoida) from the Southern Hemisphere. —N.Z. J/ mar. freshw. Res. 3: 73-97.

BRADFORD, J. M. 1969b. New genera and species of benthic calanoid copepods from the New

Zealand slope. N.Z. JI mar. freshw. Res. 3: 473-505.

Bropsky, K. A. 1950. Calanoida of the far eastern seas and polar basin of the U.S.S.R.—

Opred. Faune SSSR 35: 1-442. (Translation: Israel Program for Scientific Translation,

Jerusalem, 1967).

FLEMINGER, A. 1957. New calanoid copepods of the families Aetideidae, Euchaetidae, and

Stephidae from the Gulf of Mexico.— Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S. 57: 355-63.

Grice, G. D. 1972. The existence of a bottom-living calanoid copepod fauna in deep water

with descriptions of five new species. — Crustaceana 23: 219-42.

10 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Grice, G. D. & HULSEMANN, K. 1970. New species of bottom-living calanoid copepods collected

in deep water by the DSRV Alvin.— Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 139: 185-227.

MattuHews, J. B. L. 1964. On the biology of some bottom-living copepods (Aetideidae and

Phaennidae) from western Norway.— Sarsia 16: 1-46.

Park, T. 1960. A new species of Bradyidius (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Pacific coast of

North America.—J. Fish Res. Bd Canada 23: 805-11.

Sars, G. O. 1902, 1903. Copepoda. In: An account of the Crustacea of Norway 4. Bergen:

Bergen Museum.

Scort, T. 1909a. On some new and rare Entomostraca from the Scottish Seas.— Ann. Mag.

nat. Hist. (8) 3: 122-30.

Scott, T. 1909b. On new and rare Crustacea from Scottish waters. — Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8)

4: 31-6.

TANAKA, O. 1957. The pelagic copepods of the Izu region, middle Japan. Systematic account

Ill. Family Aetideidae (Part I).—Publs Seto mar. biol. Lab. 6: 31-68.

WOLFENDEN, R. N. 1905. Notes on the collection of Copepoda. Jn: GARDINER, J. S. (ed.) The

Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes 2: suppl. 1: 989-1040.

Cambridge: University Press; London: Clay.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform with the International code of zoological nomenclature

(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be

followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. NOV., sp. nov., comb.

nov., syn. nov., etc.

An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening

punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s

name and year. The author’s name "(and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a

species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of

a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon.

Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published

scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological

order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.:

Family Nuculanidae

Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15A

Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37.

Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50.

Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (figs 8a—b).

Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87.

Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example:

comma separates author’s name and year

semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author

full stop separates references by different authors

figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures

dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby

the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is

not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-

mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material

not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number,

depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes

must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype

SAM-A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach,

Port Elizabeth (33.51S, 25.39E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers, date and geographical positions.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text

e.g. ‘... the Figure depicting C. namacolus...’; *...in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’

(b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded

by initials or full names

e.g. Du Toit but A. L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene

e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a

book or article, such as

“Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’

Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation

to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively.

Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the

abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the HEGRE of Bio

logical Abstracts.