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FISCHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs

Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Koun, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon.

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Konn, A. J. 19605. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean.

Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51.

THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische

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(continued inside back cover)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 77 Band

December 1978 Desember

Part 4 Deel

TH SSS

Qr8.WI-s

Y AlN a

‘Quin wow

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM ZULULAND AND

NATAL SOUTH Ar RIC >*

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GASTROPLITINAE

FROM THE MZINENE FORMATION (ALBIAN)

WILLIAM JAMES KENNEDY

HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER

Cape Town Kaapstad

The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material

becomes available

Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town

Die ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid

van stof

Verkrygbaar van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum, Posbus 61, Kaapstad

OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK

152(1=3 5-8), 32, 4-528) t= pi S35 are)

6(1, t.-p.i.), 7(1-4), 8, 9(1-2, 7), 10(1-3),

11(1-2, 5, 7, t—p.i.), 15(4-5), 24(2), 27, 31(1-3), 32(5), 33

Kopieregnavrae na die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum

ISBN 0 908407 59 9

Printed in South Africa by In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur

The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd., Die Rustica-pers, Edms., Bpk.,

Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM ZULULAND AND NATAL,

SOUTH AFRICA

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GASTROPLITINAE FROM THE

MZINENE FORMATION (ALBIAN)

WILLIAM JAMES KENNEDY

Geological Collections, University Museum, Oxford

HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER

South African Museum, Cape Town

(With 7 figures)

[MS. accepted 20 September 1978}

ABSTRACT

Alopecoceras gen. nov., type species Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov., is a unique

Southern hemisphere homoeomorph of the Boreal genus Neogastroplites McLearn, 1930,

which occurs in the low Middle Albian Mzinene Formation (Albian III) of the Mzinene River,

Zululand. Whereas Neogastroplites evolved from Gastroplites McLearn, 1930, by acquisition

of umbilical and ventral nodes and is of late Albian age, A/opecoceras is believed to be derived

from Hatchericeras Stanton, 1910, by a similar acquisition of nodes. The genus also shows

similarities to Tetrahoplitoides Casey, 1954.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introductionmayss t= eee IT,

Systematic Palaeontology ae aon Cres OS

Acknowledgements . .... . 68

IRCferencCes@am eect eee a uereey tak OS

INTRODUCTION

The Mzinene Formation exposed along the Mzinene River | 200 m north-

east of the farm Amatis, north of Hluhluwe, Zululand (locality 35 of Kennedy

& Klinger (1975: 28), 27°58’03”S, 32°18'34’E) has yielded a series of remarkable

specimens which closely resemble the exclusively boreal late Albian ammonite

genus Neogastroplites McLearn, 1930 (see Reeside & Cobban 1960 for extensive

illustration of the genus) in association with a fauna of low Middle Albian age

in part described by the authors in previous publications (Kennedy & Klinger

1977, 1978, in press; Klinger 1976; Klinger, Wiedmann & Kennedy 1975), and

including Carinophylloceras collignoni Klinger, Wiedmann & Kennedy, Ammo-

noceratites (Ammonoceratites) mahadeva (Stoliczka), Anagaudryceras buddha

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 77 (4), 1978: 57-69, 7 figs.

=i)

58 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(Forbes), Protanisoceras (Rossalites) aff. superbus Collignon, Lyelliceras and

Douvilleiceras species.

Further study has shown that the material represents a new genus and

species which is a heterochronous homoeomorph of Neogastroplites, and is

described below as Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov.

All specimens are housed in the British Museum (Natural History) and

the Geological Survey of South Africa, designated BMNH and SAS respectively.

SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY

Superfamily HOPLITACEAE H. Douvillé, 1890

Family Hoplitidae H. Douvillé, 1890

Subfamily Gastroplitinae Wright, 1952

Genus Alopecoceras Kennedy & Klinger gen. noy.

Type species

Alopecoceras ankeritterae gen. et. sp. nov., low Middle Albian, Zululand.

Derivation of name

Alopex (Greek) fox.

Diagnosis

Initially depressed, whorl section trapezoidal with sparse conical or bullate

umbilical nodes giving rise to pairs of ribs with additional ribs intercalated; all

ribs bearing conical ventral tubercles and connected across the fastigiate venter

by a much thickened rib. Whorl section becomes compressed and lanceolate in

later growth, venter narrowly rounded and ornament reduced to low falcoid

ribs with interspaces sometimes accentuated into feeble constrictions. Suture

line with moderately incised bifid elements.

Discussion

Alopecoceras closely resembles Neogastroplites McLearn, 1930, but is of

low Middle Albian age whereas that genus, a descendant of Gastroplites

McLearn, 1930, is of late Albian age. Because of the great intraspecific variation

in Neogastroplites (see Reeside & Cobban 1960) it is a little difficult to make

overall statements of difference, but in general A/opecoceras is consistently more

evolute, tubercles are lower on the flank, ribs fewer and less flexuous in juveniles,

the ventral ribbing thicker and less convex.

Neogastroplites typically develops a siphonal tubercle and is rostrate;

neither of these features are seen in A/opecoceras, whilst the suture lines are

more intricately subdivided.

When adult, Neogastroplites may become smooth and very compressed

(e.g. Reeside & Cobban 1960, pl. 17 (figs 17, 22), pls 18-19), but lack the

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 59

flexuous branching ribs and feeble constrictions of Alopecoceras. Furthermore,

these individuals have slender, feebly ornamented inner whorls; individuals of

a similar degree of inflation to Alopecoceras ankeritterae retain strong ribs and

nodes to a great size (Reeside & Cobban 1960, pl. 11 (figs 16, 20), pl. 12 (figs

11—12, 16), pl. 36 (figs 1, 5, 9-11)).:

Alopecoceras can be easily separated from Gastroplites McLearn, 1930 (see

Reeside & Cobban 1960 pls 8-9), for that genus does not possess umbilical

bullae and is usually more involute.

Lemuroceras Spath, 1942, never develop strong umbilical nodes, shoulder

tubercles or a fastigiate venter (see illustrations in Collignon 1963).

Arcthoplites Spath, 1925 (see illustrations in Casey 1965, text-fig. 177), and

Subarcthoplites Casey, 1954, both have strong, narrow ribs, round venters and

lack tubercles, as does Cymahoplites Spath, 1922.

Alopecoceras shows closer similarities to Tetrahoplitoides Casey, 1954 (see

Fig. 7H—J); both have a trapezoidal whorl, although, in the type species at least,

the whorls are slender, the umbilical tubercles are bullate and not conical as in

Alopecoceras. The venter is narrower in Tetrahoplitoides, flat rather than

fastigiate, and lacks ventrolateral tubercles.

Evolutionary origins

Alopecoceras occupies an isolated geographic position, and its evolutionary

origins are far from obvious in the remaining faunas of both the South African

and Madagascar Albian. C. W. Wright has, however, called our attention to

its similarities to the genus Hatchericeras Stanton, 1901. Originally described

from Patagonia, this genus was referred to the Neocomitinae Spath, 1924, in

the Treatise, and regarded as of possibly Lower Hauterivian age. Subsequent

publication by Leanza (1970) has show it to be an early Albian gastroplitinid.

During middle growth (Fig. 7A—D) it differs from Alopecoceras very obviously

in the lack of umbilical nodes and in possessing numerous flexuous ribs. There

are, however, blunt thickenings of the ribs—incipient tubercles—at the ventro-

lateral shoulder in some species, and a broad, blunt rib crosses the venter.

Adults (Leanza 1970, fig. 31a—b) are compressed, with a rounded venter,

feeble flexuous ribs and striae, plus feeble constriction-like folds. The sutures

(Fig. 6C) of the two genera are also constructed on the same plan, with a

similar degree of incision.

The authors would conclude, therefore, that Alopecoceras is an offshoot of

Hatchericeras which has developed prominent umbilical nodes, accentuated

the ventral tubercles present in some of the latter, and developed a fastigiate

rather than flattened venter: it is a homoeomorphous Southern hemisphere

analogue of Neogastroplites rather than a close relative.

Occurrence

Alopecoceras is known only from the low Middle Albian of Zululand.

60 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Alopecoceras ankeritterae gen. et. sp. nov.

Figs 1-4, 5A—B, 6, 7E-G

Holotype

BMNH C81266 from locality 35, cliff and stream sections extending over

several hundred metres along the Mzinene, approximately | 200 m north-east

of the farm Amatis, north of Hluhluwe, Zululand, 27°58’03”S 32°18'31’E

Mzinene Formation, Albian III.

appt eas

Fig. 1. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. The holotype, BMNH C81266. x 1.

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 61

Fig. 2. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. noy. Inner whorls of the holotype, BMNH C81266. x 1.

62 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Paratypes

BMNH C81267 to C81274, SAS H54a—-b, SAS A584, all from the same

horizon and locality as the holotype; SAS EM152 from locality 171, on the

hill slopes west-south-west of Mlambongwenya Store, Zululand, Mzinene

Formation, Albian II-III, and SAS A589 from locality 53, a derelict dam site

on Indambana, south of Izwehelia Farm, north of Hluhluwe, Zululand, Mzinene

Formation, Albian II.

Fig. 3. Alepecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. Body chamber of the holotype, BMNH C81266. x 1.

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 63

Fig. 4. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. Paratypes BMNH C81267—-C81271. A-C, E-G,

I-K, P-R x 2; D, H, L-O x 1.

64 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. SA-B. Whorl sections of Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. A. BMNH C81274. x 12.

B. BMNH C81268. x 6. C—D. Early whorls of BMNH C81274. x 12.

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 65

Fig. 6. A-B. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. noy. External sutures of BMNH C81268, x 12,

and BMNH C81266, « 3. C. Hatchericeras semilaeve Leanza. External suture of a specimen

in C. W. Wright’s collection from Santa Cruz, Argentine. x 6.

66 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Derivation of name

The species is named for Anke Ritter of Gauting.

Diagnosis

As for genus.

Dimensions

All dimensions are in millimetres. D = diameter, Wb = whorl breadth,

Wh = whorl height, U = umbilical diameter, R = ribs per whorl.

Figures in parentheses are dimensions expressed as a percentage of diameter.

D Wb Wh Wb:Wh Gi R

Holotype

BMNH C81266 ~~... :137,5(100) 35(26) 61,2(45) 0,57 34,0@5) —

at 97,9(100) 26,4(27) 42,8(44) 0,62 24,3(25) 32

at ee 100) 21,8(32) 30,0(45) 0,72 18,728) —

SAS A584 te ee ea 19,5(47) = 18,5(44) =1,05 = =10,2(24) 21

(10

(

BMINEU C8267 = -.: oe 5(100) 11,846) 10,541) 1,12. ~72@s)eees

SAS H54a =| =. 23,9@00) SHL046) 10/946) wIrOl 6,0(25) 26

BMNH C81268 ~~... —- 22,7(100) ~=10,4(46) 8,738) —1,19- --6:308)\ae26

Description

The early developmental stages are seen in BMNH C81274. At a diameter

of 3,8 mm, the juvenile shell is cadicone, the umbilicus comprising approxi-

mately 30 per cent of the diameter, with a whorl breadth to height ratio of 1,4

(Fig. SC-D). Ornament consists of blunt, low, rounded umbilical nodes, which

first appear at a diameter of c. 3 mm. These occur at a rate of seven per whorl

up to a diameter of 6 mm, and in this interval, low, broad folds pass across the

flanks and venter, although never developing into clearly delineated ribs. By

6 mm diameter, the whorl breadth to height ratio has become 1,2.

From 6 mm (Fig. 4A—R) the whorl section changes from depressed and

reniform to trapezoidal. The umbilicus is shallow, and the wall slopes gently

outwards. The greatest breadth is at the umbilical bullae, and the whorl breadth

to height ratio is commonly reduced to 1,1. In intercostal section the outer

flanks are flattened, the ventrolateral shoulders broadly rounded and the venter

very broadly rounded. In costal section, the flanks are concave at mid-flank and

flattened on the outer flank, and the venter fastigiate.

There are eight to ten prominent umbilical bullae per whorl, placed well

out from the umbilical seam, and these give rise to groups of two or three broad

ribs, weakened at mid-flank, where additional short ribs are intercalated, and

recti- to feebly rursiradiate in some cases. All ribs bear a bullate to conical

tubercle at the ventrolateral shoulder, and there are commonly twenty-five to

twenty-eight ribs per whorl. The ribs pass across the venter with a faint con-

vexity, broadening and diminishing in elevation over the siphonal line.

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 67

Fig. 7. A-D. Hatchericeras semilaeve Leanza. Inner whorls of a specimen in C. W. Wright's

collection from Santa Cruz, Argentina. x 1. E-G. Alopecoceras ankeritterae sp. nov. Para-

type, SAS H93/3. x 1. H~-J. Tetrahopliloides stantoni (Anderson) cast of the holotype, from

Texas Springs, Shasta County, California. H x 1, I-J x 2.

68 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

This general style of ornament extends to a diameter of c. 50 mm; as size

increases, the whorls eventually change from depressed to compressed, the ribs

coarsen, and, on the venter, become very thick (Fig. 2C). There is some variation

in strength and number of ribs, bullae and whorl section at this stage, as can

be seen from the figures.

The features of later growth are shown by the holotype (Figs 1-3). Here,

from 50 mm onwards, all ornament declines, the ribs become low, broad and

flexuous, arising in pairs from the bullae, whilst the whorl becomes compressed

and lanceolate in section with a narrowly rounded venter which is crossed by

ribs and has, as a result, an undulose profile.

On the mature body chamber (Fig. 3), coiling has become more evolute,

with a low, outwards sloping, flattened umbilical wall. There is a somewhat

abrupt umbilical shoulder and high, lanceolate whorls (whorl breadth to height

ratio is 0,57 to 0,62) with a narrowly arched venter.

Ornament consists of irregular falcoid ribs and striae, arising from feeble

umbilical bullae, separated by interspaces which may be strengthened into

feeble, irregular constrictions.

The suture line (Fig. 6B) at maturity is moderately divided. E/L is broad

and asymmetrically bifid, L broad and asymmetrically bifid. L/U, is large,

although narrower than E/L, and asymmetrically bifid. U, is narrow and quite

deeply divided.

Discussion

Features which separate Alopoceceras ankeritterae from species of other

genera are fully covered in comments in the generic discussion on p. 58.

Occurrence

Low Middle Albian of Zululand only.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our best thanks are due to Mr C. W. Wright for drawing our attention to

the similarities between Alopecoceras and Hatchericeras, as well as providing

useful discussion. We are also grateful to Dr M. R. Cooper (Oxford), Dr M. K.

Howarth and Mr D. Phillips (British Museum, Natural History) and the staff

of the Geological Collections, Oxford, and the South African Museum for

technical assistance.

REFERENCES

Casey, R. 1965. A Monograph of the Ammonoidea of the Lower Greensand. Palaeontogr.

Soc. (Monogr.) 6: 399-546.

COLLIGNON, M. 1963. Atlas des Fossiles caractéristiques de Madagascar (Ammonites), Fasicule X

(Albien). Tananarive: Service Géologique.

KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. 1975. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South

Africa. Introduction, Stratigraphy. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 25: 263-315.

KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. 1977. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South

Africa. The Ammonite Family Phylloceratidae. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 27:

347-380.

CRETACEOUS FAUNAS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 69

KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. 1978. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South

Africa. The ammonite family Lytoceratidae Neumayr, 1875. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 74:

257-333.

KENNEDY, W. J. & KLINGER, H. C. In press. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal,

South Africa. The ammonite family Gaudryceratidae Spath, 1927. Bull. Br. Mus. nat.

Hist. (Geol.).

KuiNGER, H. C. 1976. Cretaceous heteromorph ammonites from Zululand. Mem. S. Afr

geol. Sury. 69: 1-142.

KLINGER, H. C., WIEDMANN, J. & KENNEDY, W. J. 1975. A new carinate phylloceratid from the

early Albian (Cretaceous) of Zululand, South Africa. Palaeontology 18: 657-644.

LEANZA, A. F. 1970. Ammonites nuevos 0 pocos conocidos del Aptiano, Albiano y Ceno-

maniano de los Andes Australes, con notas acera de su posicion estratigraphica. Revta

Assoc. geol. argent. 25: 197-261.

Reesipe, J. B. & CoBBAN, W. A. 1960. Studies of the Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) and con-

temporary formations in the United States and Canada. Prof. Pap. U.S. geol. Surv. 355:

1-126.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform to the International code of zoological nomenclature

(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be

followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. nov., sp. nov., comb.

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Family Nuculanidae

Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15SA

Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1845: 37.

Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856: 50.

Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (fig. 8a—b).

Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87.

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Note punctuation in the above example:

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In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-

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must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype

SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach

Port Elizabeth (33°51’S 25°39’E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers and date.

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