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ANNALS DS,

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOLUME XXVI.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. By C. AtTTEMS (Vienna)

(With Plates I-XXVI and 84 Text-figures.)

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 1928. PRICE 25s.

PRINTED FOR THE

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

BY NEILL AND CO., LTD.,

212 CAUSKWAYSIDE, EDINBURGH.

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOLO Mee XOZG VL

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOLUME XXVI

PRINTED FOR THE

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

BY NEILL AND CO., LTD., 212 CAUSEWAYSIDE, EDINBURGH.

1928,

TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

Sir THomas Murr, C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.

The Hon. Jonn Wiuuiam Jaccesr, F.S.8., M.L.A.

Prof. Witttram ApAm Jouuy, M.B., Ch.B., D.Sc., F.R.S.8. Afr.

Councillor W. F. Fisu, J.P. (present Mayor of Capetown).

Dr. J. G. vAN DER Horst.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN

MUSEUM.

Epwin Leonarp Git, D.Sc., Director and Keeper-in-Chief.

KeppreLt Harcourt Barnarp, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.8., Assistant Director ; in Charge

of Fish and Marine Invertebrates.

REGINALD FREDERICK Lawrence, B.A., Assistant in Charge of Reptiles and

Batrachians, Arachnids and Myriopods.

Atpert JOHN Hessn, B.Sc., Ph.D., Assistant in Charge of the Entomological

Department.

Miss Star GaRABEDIAN, B.A., Assistant in Charge of the Botanical Department.

ArtHurR Lewis Hatt, M.A., Se.D., Honorary Keeper of the Geological and

Mineralogical Collections.

Stipney Henry Haveuton, B.A., D.Sc., Honorary Keeper of the Palaeontological

Collections,

CONTENTS.

C. Arrrems (Vienna).

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

(With 26 Plates and 84 Text-figures).

vii

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

VOLUME XXVI.

The Myriopoda of South Africa.—By C. Atrems (Vienna).

(With Plates I-X XVI and 84 Text-figures.)

CONTENTS.

PAGE PAGE

INTRODUCTION . A . 2 | Part IL.—Sysrematic Division—

Part I.—Favnistic Remarks . 4 continued.

Boundaries of South Africa Pa: Chilopoda : : : 3. Gl

Zoogeographical Subdivision of Scutigeromorpha . 4 . 36

South Africa : 2 eaNOED) Lithobiomorpha . ‘ g

Categories of Genera and Species Scolopendromorpha 3 hl)

from a Zoogeographical Point Geophilomorpha . : . 108

of View : : ; Bo 0 Symphyla : a : : 193

Affinities of the South African Diplopoda ; : ‘ 193

Myriopod Fauna with those Pselaphognatha . : . 1938

of Other Countries 6 se ee} Chilognatha : : . 198

Table showing the Distribution Oniscomorpha . : . 199

of the Genera. . . 10 Polydesmoidea .. . 240

Remarks on the Fauna of the Juliformia : ; . 285

Several Provinces . ; ilo Juloidea 5 : . 287

Summary of the Principal Faun- Spiroboloidea : . 293

istic Features : - . -20 Spirostreptomorpha 5 OD)

Part IIl.—Systematic Division . 21 Colobognatha . ° - 415

List of the South African Species

and their Distribution . a 2

List of Doubtful Species . . 30 | Parr IIT.—

List of Works containing Descrip-

tions not quoted in the Present List of the Literature : ~ 419

Paper . ‘ : : 5) a0) Index. ‘ : ue . 423

VOL. XXVI.

2 Annals of the South African Museum.

INTRODUCTION.

A CONSIDERABLE period of time has elapsed since the South African

Museum delivered to me the whole of its Myriopod material, and I

much regret that I have not been able to finish my report earlier.*

I have been hindered by many circumstances, especially by the War

and its consequences. Now at last the report is finished, and I hope

that it will constitute a considerable step forward in our knowledge

of the South African fauna. I believe the Cape Region to be now the

best explored of all countries in the Southern Hemisphere as regards

the Myriopod fauna.

The papers treating of the Myriopod fauna of South Africa are not

numerous: Porat (2, 4), Silvestri (10), Grobbelaar, Attems (10).

Besides these papers dealing specially with the South African Myrio-

pods, many papers contain systematic descriptions of South African

species. A great number of them cannot be identified, particularly

among the Diplopods, and if we pick out the serviceable descriptions,

a list of 116 species remains. I can add here 137 new species and

12 species previously described but not recorded from South Africa ;

the total number is therefore more than doubled, viz. 265.

The detailed table (p. 22) shows which species were formerly known

and which are new. I give here merely the summary.

Chilopoda. | Symphyla. | Diplopoda.| 1 °t@)

Recorded before E 50 1 65 116

Described species new

to South Africa ' 8 ia 4 12

New species ; : 26 111 137

Total number. 84 1 180 265

Although I have said that the Cape Region is the best known of

southern countries, I do not mean that its Myriopod fauna is as yet

completely explored ; on the contrary, I believe that many additions

will be made, judging by the following facts.

* A further regrettable delay of several years, due to a combination of circum-

stances, has occurred between the receipt of the manuscript and its publication.

It has had only one advantage, namely, that the author has been able to incor-

porate the results of some further collecting.—[Ep.!

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 3

The collection of the Museum, brought together with great zeal

through many years, has been certainly productive of a very valuable

increase in our knowledge ; but it contains, in many cases, only one

or very few examples of a given species. The material was evidently

not selected, all the specimens found were taken as they came, and

the conclusion is obvious that there are species in some districts of

which no examples have been found. Thirty of the previously

recorded species are not represented in the Museum’s collection ;

eight of them, indeed, are from parts of South Africa which have

been hardly or not at all explored by the collectors of the Museum ;

of the species from South-West Africa and the Kalahari, half were

new. Thus we are led to assume that we are far from having attained

a complete knowledge of the species really existent in South Africa.

Future investigators of the South African Myriopod fauna will

have plenty to do; they have to find all the hitherto undetected

species, and to fix the true limits of distribution of all the species.

At present the great majority of the species are recorded from one

locality only, and it is yet quite uncertain where the boundaries of

these species are. Specimens must be collected in greater numbers

in order to facilitate a better study of the species. Where there is

only one specimen it cannot be examined with the accuracy that is

to be desired, and it is evident that the amount of individual varia-

tion cannot be determined in such cases. The biology of the fauna

is also an interesting subject. In a country with a climate which in

many parts is extremely dry, the adaptations of Myriopods, generally

fond of humidity, must be peculiar. How do they endure the long

periods of drought? In what situations do they live and how do

the young develop? What do they eat, and how quickly are the

imported species spreading? The faunistic description, the true

delimitation of the provinces, can only be made by somebody knowing

the country.

The present paper lays no claim to be a regular monograph, be-

cause I do not believe that the time for a monograph has yet come.

A monograph written to-day would in a short time be out of date

and incomplete. Any such review of a group as the present paper

usually evokes a certain number of other papers, descriptions of new

species, faunistic lists, etc., and I hope that this paper also will have

that effect. I leave the writing of a monograph to a later author

and to a time when fewer subsequent additions are to be expected

than is the case to-day.

For this reason I have not repeated the descriptions of all the well-

4 Annals of the South African Museum.

known species where I had nothing to add; but on the other hand

I have considered some groups 7m toto (not merely the South African

forms), where these groups had not previously been revised. Begin-

ners wishing to study these interesting animals will, I hope, find

these digressions useful. On p. 30 I have enumerated the papers

containing descriptions of South African species cited, but not

described, in the present paper. The number of these papers necessary

for the beginner is not large.

In accordance with the wishes of the late Dr. Péringuey, I have

paid particular attention to the keys, and the reader will find I have

given keys to all generic and higher groups and also complete refer-

ences to the literature. I hope that South Africa will soon produce

someone who will continue the study of these interesting animals.

PART I—FAUNISTIC REMARKS.

BouNDARIES OF THE SoutH AFRICAN FAUNAL REGION.

South Africa is the whole country south of the Kunene and

Zambesi Rivers. This territory corresponds with the South African

Region as defined by Weber, but is not identical with the South

African subregion of Wallace, who does not include Southern Rhodesia,

Bechuanaland, the Kalahari, or Damaraland in South Africa. I will

not assert that the differences between South Africa and the neigh-

bouring territories of Africa are fundamental, but the little we know

of the northern parts of South Africa—Matabeleland, the Kalahari,

and Damaraland, especially the latter—offers no reason for separating

these countries from the rest of South Africa. The fauna of Damara-

land especially is so closely allied to the fauna of the Cape Province

that there is no propriety or sense in separating them sharply. We

know almost nothing of the neighbouring western parts of Africa,

north of the Kunene, belonging to the West African subregion,

and the meagre list of species is quite different from the South

African list. The limits of South Africa in the west seem to be

easily and naturally fixed by the Kunene River. In the east it is

more dificult to fix the limits; the Zambesi River is a convenient

but somewhat arbitrary boundary, because it seems that the fauna of

Matabeleland and South Mozambique is nearly allied to the fauna of

North Mozambique, and passes little by little into the Hast African

fauna. But the faunas of both North and South Mozambique are

so imperfectly known that we must wait for more ample information.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 5

When I say “ fauna ”’ in this article I am to be understood as meaning

only the Myriopod fauna.

ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL SUBDIVISION OF SOUTH AFRICA.

With respect to the division of Africa into zoogeographical sub-

regions, I adhere to the view of those authors who maintain that it

is more important to collect data enabling us to reconstruct the

faunistic history of the country, than to search for boundaries be-

tween regions of problematical value. We have known for a long

time that it is impossible to divide the earth into regions, subregions,

provinces, etc., valid for all groups of animals and also for all members

of one group, e.g. the Myriopods. The different orders of the Myrio-

pods have developed in different geological times, and therefore the

relation of one order to the configuration of the earth to-day is different

from that of another order. For example, the Spirostreptoidea are

divided into two suborders, Spirostreptidea and Odontopygidea.

Several genera of the first suborder live both in the Ethiopian and

Neotropical Regions, which points to their development at a time when

Africa and South America were connected. The second suborder,

the Odontopygidea, is on the contrary entirely confined to the Ethiopian

Region. Its origin is subsequent to the separation of Africa and South

America. For these two suborders the intervening barrier of the

sea has a completely different signification.

The division. of South Africa into provinces is not easy. The

first and greatest difficulty consists in the insufficiency of our faunistic

knowledge. We know perhaps the majority of the species of the

Cape Province and Damaraland, but we do not know for certain the

distribution of each species, because a great number of these species

have been found only on one occasion and in one locality. The

remaining provinces have been still less explored. The second diffi-

culty is that sharp transitions between the different parts of the

territory do not seem to exist ; the whole of the South African Myriopod

fauna is more or less homogeneous and the transition to the Hast

African fauna occurs gradually. The third difficulty is one that is

personal to myself; I do not know the country, and I therefore

cannot judge in what respects the several parts of the territory differ

in relation to the biology of these animals. The Myriopods are

greatly dependent for their dispersal on the vegetation and the climate,

and they are especially fond of moisture. Territories without or

nearly without vegetation are obstacles for these animals, but it

6 Annals of the South African Museum.

is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to imagine a difference in a

biological sense for the Myriopods between the Karroo and Kalahari

districts of Weber, and so on. If in spite of this I divide South

Africa into provinces, I am conscious that later exploration will

probably reveal better and more sharply defined lines of division.

We can distinguish four provinces in South Africa :

1. The Cape Province,* with Kafiraria and Natal.

2. Kalahari-South-West Africa, with Great Namaqualand, Damara-

land, the Kalahari and Bechuanaland between the Orange and Kunene

Rivers in the south and north, and bordering upon the Transvaal and

Matabeleland in the east.

3. Transvaal.

4. Matabeleland—South Mozambique, between the Limpopo and

Zambesi Rivers, with Matabeleland, Southern Rhodesia, and Southern

Mozambique.

We shall first look at the fauna as a whole and then discuss the

single provinces. The Myriopod fauna of South Africa is typically

Ethiopian. The three great groups Gomphodesmidae, Triaenostreptinae,

and Odontopygidae, characteristic of Africa and found nowhere else,

are abundant also in South Africa.

CATEGORIES OF GENERA AND SPECIES FROM A ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL

Pornt oF VIEW.

For zoogeographical purposes the species and genera can be ar-

ranged in categories relatively to distinct territories. We can discern

autochthonous — and imported species and genera. The autoch-

thonous species are either endemic or widely dispersed. The latter

may show a gradation according to the extent of the territory which

we take into consideration and according to their dispersal, so that

if we look at South Africa as a whole, species and genera are endemic

if they are found in one or in several provinces ; but if we look at a

single province a species is endemic if it lives only in this province,

and widely dispersed if it lives in several provinces; yet relatively

to South Africa as a whole the same species can, be said to be endemic.

* Not to be confused with the political division of the same designation from

which Natal is excluded.—[Ep. ]

7 Autochthonous is taken in this sense : living in a territory won by the species

by natural means of dispersal; but irrespective of the question whether the

species arose in this territory or migrated into it from without.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 7

The gradation of the widely dispersed species and genera is as follows :

(a) the species lives in other provinces of South Africa, but not else-

where; (6) the species lives in other subregions of the Ethiopian

Region; (c) the species (or genus) lives in other regions. In this

last category the genera found only in Africa and South America,

Australia and New Zealand must be especially included.

The introduced species can be divided into (a) naturalised or

acclimatised species (only these are true members of the fauna ;

all the South African introduced species belong to this category

except one); (b) species of which only the imported specimens are

found, in situations where it is probable that they do not multiply.

In the first case the species may either be acclimatised in the open

country of the territory or only in hot-houses, caves, warehouses,

etc. In northern countries this latter is the more frequent, the species

coming generally from hot countries and being unable to live in the

open. Kraepelin observed in three years 490 species of animals

imported into Hamburg by ships, but not a single one became

naturalised in open country.

The same species imported into Cape Town can be naturalised with

facility. Thus Archiulus moreleti from the Mediterranean subregion

is found in Hamburg among merchandise only and does not multiply,

whereas it is very common in the gardens of Cape Town. Twenty-

eight species of Myriopods have been brought to Hamburg by ship,

and several of these are acclimatised in the hot-houses of Hamburg,

but none in the open country.

I give the following short synopsis of the categories of genera and

species from the zoogeographical point of view :—

A. Autochthonous.

1. Endemic . 3 : ‘ ‘ : F : . Category E.

(a) Endemic in only one province of South Africa Category H/1.

(b) Endemic and living in several provinces of South Africa

Category E/2 (South African species).

2. Widely spread.

(a) Dispersed in the remaining subregions of the Ethiopian Region,

but not elsewhere . é Category A (Ethiopian species).

(b) Dispersed also in other regions and occurring outside Africa in

South America, Australia, New Zealand. . Category 8.

B. Imported . ‘ : 3 : : ; ‘ 3 . Category IL.

1. Naturalised.

(a) Acclimatised in the open.

(6) Living only in hot-houses, houses, warehouses.

2. Not naturalised.

8 Annals of the South African Museum.

The following tabular view demonstrates the number of genera and

species of each category for each province :—

Genera. Species.

E A Ss. | W.| 1 E A Ss. | W.} 1

E/l.| E/2.}% |48_5 BIEL. |E2)5 Ise.

e#i\s'e aid] |g S|5's sic

Categor © g|2 SS) S\s/z cs(4 SS! Sig

ve Endemic in |.6 *|.¢ 2.8| 3,|8|&|Endemicin|-S 2.6 23) 2/8

o S/odN] aes o SloaN| ale

n S| ow yess Gr 2 S)

a ale ¢ | | als a ale o5| =|

s =a is sl Oo! | alg s 5/2 $e] g

one | more] 2: cota SiS one | more | 2:2 eae a

pro- |than |S Q\5 s e/= pro- | than |'5 5 2 S| =

vince.| one. |4 |< = vinee.| one. |4 |4< =

Cape Province .| 20 12 6 9 |12)3 /62] 136 | 25 7 2 1/4

Kalahari-S.W.

Africa . 1 6 2 4/0/17] 1 9 0 0 0

Transvaal . : 0 6 5 2 6|0|19} 22) 20 3 0 210

Matabeleland-—

S. Mozambique . 2 8 | 14 See LOM OR Sie) 10 | 12 0 3/0

South Africa 36 — 4202 Gia a2 a ELS 84. le2 Sivan a oerean le 2 5 | 4

AFFINITIES OF THE SoutH AFRICAN Myriopop FAUNA WITH

THAT OF OTHER COUNTRIES.

To ascertain the affinities of the South African fauna we shall

firstly look at the higher groups with respect to their distribution,

and exclude from consideration the Scrutigeromorpha, Lithobio-

morpha, and Scolopendromorpha, the families and higher groups

represented in South Africa being so widely dispersed over the world

that their distribution allows of no conclusions. The groups of the

Geophilomorpha are somewhat more restricted in their distribution.

Of the ten families, four are represented in South Africa: the Oryzdae,

Mecistocephalidae, Schendylidae, and Geophilidae. The Oryidae are

divided into two subfamilies: the first (subfam. Oryinae) occurs in

South and Central America, and South Africa and one genus (Orya)

in the Mediterranean subregion. One species (Orphnaeus brevilabiatus)

is widely dispersed in the tropics. The second subfamily (Lrema-

toryinae) is not South African. The Schendylidae are represented by

species of both subfamilies. The first subfamily (Schendylinae) is very

widely dispersed, but the South African genus Schendylurus has rela-

Total number.

265

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 9

tives in South America, where one subgenus (Platyschendylurus) lives.

The second subgenus is found in Africa (South Africa, and the Medi-

terranean subregions of the Palaearctic Region). The second sub-

family of Schendylidae, the Ballophilinae, inhabit South Africa,

the Seychelles, Marianne Island, and South America, places too

widely dispersed to give us useful comparisons.

The Geophilidae are divided into five subfamilies ; four are repre-

sented in South Africa (the Dignathodontinae are not). Three of

these subfamilies are so widely dispersed that we cannot take them

into consideration ; only the Aphilodontinae are important; they

occur in South Africa and South America (Chile, Patagonia, Paraguay).

The Symphyla, with one species of a widely spread genus, are

excluded.

The Pselaphognatha are an old group and the genera widely dis-

persed over the earth ; even the species are unexpectedly widespread :

Monographis schultzer occurs in South Africa and Australia, and the

second species of the genus occurs in Java.

The distribution of the Sphaerotheridae is interesting. All the

South African species belong to the same genus Sphaerotherium, and

I doubt whether the species of Sphaerotherium of other countries

belong really to the genus as defined in this paper. The whole classi-

fication of the Sphaerotheridae is a little dubious, and until a revision

of the Asiatic genera is undertaken we cannot define with precision

the relationships of the several forms.

Sphaerotheridae are found in South Africa (Cape Province and

Transvaal), Madagascar, Nossi Bé, and throughout India from the

Himalayas to Ceylon and Siam, in the Sunda Archipelago, the Philip-

pines, North Australia, and New Zealand, but not in the New Guinea

Archipelago. Their distribution depends upon the Indo-Madagascar

bridge, and is closely similar to that of the family Harpagophoridae.

Of the numerous families of the Polydesmoidea only four are

represented in South Africa. The Strongylosomedae, living in all

regions except the Nearctic, and especially numerous in the Indo-

Australian Region and in tropical Africa, have few species in South

Africa. The Sphaerotrichopidae, living in America, Australia, New

Zealand, and South Africa, point also to dispersal via an Antarctic

continent. The Gomphodesmidae are purely Ethiopian and are

especially numerous in East Africa. The Vanhoeffeniidae live in all

regions except the Neotropical. The Zrigoniulidae is a family widely

dispersed throughout the tropics: Indo-Australia, South America,

Africa. The Cambalidae are divided here into two subfamilies, the

Annals of the South African Museum.

first living in South America and South Africa, the second in

South-West Australia.

The distribution of the Spzrostreptordea, forming as they do an

important percentage of the whole South African fauna, is discussed

in the systematic part (p. 324).

Triaenostreptinae and Odontopygidae are purely Ethiopian ;

I will only mention here that the

the

Trachystreptini are perhaps also Ethiopian, the only species recorded

from the Carolines being dubious in systematic position.

The

Spirostreptint have a number of genera and subgenera common to

South America and Africa, three of them occurring in South Africa.

The distribution of the genera is best illustrated by the follow-

ing tabular view. In the first column the categories are indicated by

the same characters as on p. 7.

TABLE SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION

Scutigera

Category.

OF THE GENERA.

In South Africa.

Further distribution.

(In brackets, the number of

species. )

Palaearctic Region.

Scutigerina

Lamyctes

Paralamyctes

Lamyctopristus

Anopsobius

Lithobius

Walesobius.

Cryptops

Scolopendra

Arthrorhabdus

Trachycormocephalus

Hemicormocephalus

Cormocephalus

3 g/8 ; 3s

Oe elbe Sl) Gl a

SS QS eS eget eel se

Heo 8|/ Sea 5 Oa

Se aia PSL aN ey ira iS

$8/cclau| 2 ls

BEISSM@| 4 [Ss

Fa\0 = of

Fi p.

Late

8) || Sr

® Par

Wo) Sr

Ik |) Sr

Le ct

C9) at ste

2a ete tet | cota ite

1D Se =

1 =F

7 | ar

I) se |) se | sr || ar

East Africa, North America, .~

India, Australia (5 species+6

species dubious).

Argentina, Chile (10).

Patagonia, Chile, New Zealand

(4).

Palaearctic Region, Nearctic

Region, Indo-Austr. Region

(numerous species).

Australia.

Palaearctic Region, N. and S.

America, India, Australia,

Africa (ca. 60).

All tropical and subtropical

countries.

Texas (1), Australia (1).

Australia (1), Syria, Meso-

potamia, Zanzibar, East

Africa (1).

Australia (1).

Australia, India, New Zealand,

Philippines, Madagascar.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 11

DISTRIBUTION OF GENERA (continued)—

Colobopleurus

Asanada

Rhysida

Ethmostigmus

Alipes

Diphtherogaster

Aspidopleres

Mesoschendyla

Subgen. Schendylurus

Ballophilus

Purcellinus.

Geoperingueyia

Orphnaeus . :

Mecistocephalus .

Achilophilus

ELurytion

Polygonarea

Brachygonarea

Philacroterium

Aphilodon .

Hanseniella

Schindalmonotus .

Monographis

Sphaerotherium .

Kylindotherium .

Podochresimus

Phaeodesmus

Orthomor pha

Platytarrus

Gonokollesis

Gnomeskelus

Harpethriz

Philocaffrus

Stenauchenia

Antiphonus

Aulodesmus

Ulodesmus .

Neodesmus .

Vanhoeffenia

Chersastus .

NON =e

ORE PF RWE Re WR ee

++ +4 4+ +4 4+ 4+

++ + +444

+++

++t++ +44+4+4++ +

+++

fob

Australia.

India, Andamans, Senegambia,

New Guinea (the same

species as in South Africa).

Indo-Austr. Region, S. Amer-

ica, Madagascar, Ethiopian

Region (25).

India, New Guinea, Australia,

Africa (13).

East Africa, Zanzibar, West

Africa (6).

S. America, Nicaragua, Brazil

(3), Algiers, Morocco (2).

East and West Africa, Java (5),

Australia, New Caledonia,

Loyalty Island (10).

Chile (3), perhaps also Australia

and Cameroon (species

dubious).

Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil

(4).

East Africa, India, 8. America

(15).

S. Australia (the same species

as in South Africa) (1), Java

(1).

East Africa (3), Mozambique

(1), West Africa (2).

N. Mozambique (1).

Sunda Archipelago, Moluccas,

Seychelles.

Annals of the South African

DIsTRIBUTION OF GENERA (continued)—

Museum.

In South Africa,

— = Ale es eehgcs Saae

Se ell Sib oe | ipo 2 Further distribution.

fo |2 S| e\g-2| @ |Z-Z] (In brackets, the number of

S ils Flos|s4| = |s'g species. )

O |e glue a 4 |8é8

2 s\2eis=| & jee

5 iE & slh1o5| 3 =

z <q M

Subgen. Hemipodoiulus | I 1 Palaearctic Region, Portugal,

Madeira, Canaries, Cape

Verde Islands, Cameroon.

Julomorpha .{E/1}| M | +

Subgen. Spirostreptus .| S | 1 + |The whole Ethiopian Region,

S. America.

Bicoxidens . E/l| 2 +

Subgen. Doratogonus AY || 6) |) == + | + |N. Mozambique (1), Central

Africa (1).

Subgen. Scaphiostreptus| S | 1 West, Central, and East Africa,

Zanzibar, Madagascar, Sey-

chelles, 8S. America (35).

Urotropis *. IN al Cameroon, Guinea (6), (S.

America, 1 species dubious).

Kartinikus * : AX || ol Cameroon (4).

Synophryostreptus E/1l| 1 =

Camaricoproctus . E/l} 1 | +

Alloporus S/6]+]+]+ }] + ]N. Mozambique (1), Mada-

gascar (1), 8S. America.

Subgen. Orthoporus Seal eet + | Madagascar (2), 8. America (23).

Lophostreptus A eS + | + | East and Central Africa (7).

Calostreptus A ] + | East Africa (the name of one

not described species is pub-

lished).

Triaenostreptus FACS IG + | + | + | Mozambique (1), West Africa

(1).

Graphidostreptus . A + |Mozambique, East Africa,

Pemba, West Africa.

Plagiotaphrus IN || il + | East Africa (1).

Harpagophora B/2} 8 | +] +

Poratophilus E/2} 8 }/+])+/4+ {c+

Thyropygus Wwil{+t Madagascar (1), India (numer-

ous species).

Odontopyge A|}5};+ ]4+ +

Haplothysanus AW 32 + | + | East and Central Africa (11),

Zanzibar (1), Sudan (1),

Somaliland (1).

Spinotarsus A;)}6]/+]+]+]+

Patinatius . E/l| 1 | +

Ardiophyllum E/2| 3 | + +) +

Storthophorus E/2| 4 | + =e

Chaleponcus B/2} 4 | +] +] +] +

Helicochetus : AY | + | N. Mozambique, East Africa.

Solenozophyllum * E/1| 1

Burenia ; E/l} 1 | +

* Urotropis, Kartinikus, and Solenozophyllum are monotypic genera; the exact locality

for the species is not known (‘‘ South Africa ’’), and the genera cannot be ascribed to any

particular province.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 13

We have 36 endemic genera (HE). Twenty-one are new and described

here for the first time. Sixteen genera are purely Ethiopian (A) ; of

these Aulodesmus and Neodesmus are found only in North Mozam-

bique and belong more to the South African fauna than to the Hast

African. The genera Phaeodesmus, Calostreptus, and Plagiotaphrus,

Graphidostreptus, Helicochetus are on the contrary more Hast African,

and are dispersed only in the Matabele-South Mozambique Province.

For the knowledge of the connection of the South African fauna

with others, these genera marked 8 in the foregoing table are the

most interesting ; the genera that South Africa, South America, and

Australia have in common and among those especially the Chilopod

genera Paralamyctes, Anopsobius, Walesobius, Hemicormocephalus,

Colobopleurus, Eurytion, Aphilodon. The genera Paralamyctes, Bury-

tion, and Aphilodon live, besides South Africa, in South America ; the

genera Walesobius, Hemicormocephalus, and Colobopleurus in Australia ;

and Anopsobius in South America (Patagonia, Chile) and New Zea-

land. The partisans of. the theory that continents were formerly

connected with each other will find the distribution of the first-named

three genera to be a further proof for a Brasilo-African continent.

But I think one can explain the wide distribution without taking

refuge in the fantastic theory above mentioned, as already stated

in Kiikenthal’s Handbuch der Zoologie. I suppose that the said genera

originated somewhere in the big curve South Africa—East Africa—

India—East Asia, and have eventually spread as far as the utmost ends

of this curve (South Africa, South America, South Australia) while

perhaps already in the course of their spreading they died out in parts

of this curve for climatical or other reasons. Among insects we know

that the recent distribution of the genera may be totally different from

that of former periods. Thus there are genera of insects, to-day

exclusively Malay-Neotropical, which are to be found in Baltic

amber. One EHutyrhapha species living to-day in West Africa,

Madagascar, and South America has been found in Prussian amber.

Many similar cases are known. In the face of such facts we

cannot find anything improbable in the above-mentioned theory of

their spread; at any rate it is more plausible than the existence

of continental bridges, of which there are no traces in geology, and

which were only postulated to account for the distribution of animals.

Nevertheless, we cannot prove our theory, as the Myriopods have as

yet not yielded really serviceable traces from former epochs of the

earth, and on account of their biological peculiarities are not likely

to do so.

14 Annals of the South African Museum.

The distribution of the Sphaerotheridae can be explained in the same

way as that of the above-mentioned Chilopoda, only that the Sphaero-

theridae have confined themselves to the part of the curve that

branches off in India over the Sunda Archipelago to Australia, and

have not succeeded in getting to America via the east of Asia, similarly

to the Harpagophoridae, which, however, have not got further than the

Sunda Archipelago and the Philippine Islands, and have not reached

Australia.

The widespread genera have no special interest. The names appear

in the list.

Distribution of the Species.

Most of the species (237 out of 265) are endemic. The Cape

Province has the greatest number of endemic species, 136 out of 175,

or 77 per cent.; the other provinces 46 per cent. to 56 per cent. On

the average, half the species are endemic in these provinces.

Twenty-eight species are also found elsewhere than in South Africa :

four are imported ; five are very widely spread (Scolopendra morsitans,

Ethmostigmus trigonopodus, Asanada_ brevicornis, Mecistocephalus

msularis, Orphnaeus brevilabiatus). Two are found in Australia

(Monographis schultzer) or New Zealand (Cryptops australis). The

remaining seventeen are Ethiopian ; five are found in North Mozam-

bique only (Aulodesmus mossambicus, Neodesmus juvenis, Doratogonus

flavifilis, Triaenostreptus petersi, Cormocephalus nitidus calvus). The

origin of some of these is somewhat dubious; perhaps they belong

partially to South Mozambique and, therefore, to the South African

fauna. Hight species occur in Hast Africa and two in Madagascar.

This small number of species that South Africa has in common

with other countries, only averaging 12 per cent. of its whole fauna,

is also the reason why we can from the distribution of the species

recognise so little about the connection between the South African and

other faunas, and why we must keep to the distribution of the genera.

Altogether four species of Myriopods have been imported into

South Africa, or at least four such have been observed. Probably

the importation is made generally via Cape Town, where most ships

touch. The imported species are, in fact, generally found in the

neighbourhood of Cape Town. I would recommend South African

entomologists to try to observe the spread of the imported species.

The dispersal of imported species may be very rapid.

Of the four imported species one has been already mentioned ; one

more comes from the Palaearctic Region, Lithobius peregrinus Latz. ;

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 15

the latter name given by the author without knowing the spreading

propensities of the animal. The third, Orthomorpha gracilis, is very

common in European hot-houses, but is not acclimatised to open

country in Europe. In Budapest I found it in great numbers in

hot-beds of the Margaretheninsel. This species must have some un-

known biological peculiarity which facilitates its transport. No

other species of exotic Diplopod is found so often in hot-houses,

certainly no other species of the same genus. The fourth introduced

species, Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, has been found only once,

and hitherto seems not to have been naturalised ; though the condi-

tions would certainly appear to be favourable for such species.

Scolopendra morsitans and others are abundant in South Africa.

Some enormous specimens of the same species were found in the

harbour in Hamburg. The next winter killed them. Perhaps the

presence of Scutigera is also due to importation.

REMARKS ON THE FAUNA OF THE SEVERAL PROVINCES.

1. Cape Province (including Natal).

This is the largest, richest, and best explored Province, with 175

species and 62 genera ; 136 species or 77 per cent. and 20 genera or

33 per cent. are endemic (H/1); 12 genera are endemic for the whole

of South Africa (H/2); therefore almost exactly half of the genera

(32 out of 62) are purely South African.

The following are endemic genera (H/1): Scutigerina, Lamycto-

pristus, Purcellinus, Geoperingueyia, Achilophilus, Brachygonarea,

Kylindothertum, Philacrotertum, Platytarrus, Gonokollesis, Harpethriz,

Philocaffrus, Stenauchenia, Antiphonus, Ulodesmus, Vanhoeffenia,

Julomorpha, Camaricoproctus, Patinatius, Burenia.

Twelve are South African genera, 7.e. genera found in more than one

South African Province but not elsewhere (E/2): Diptherogaster,

Mesoschendyla, Polygonarea, Schindalmonotus, Sphaerotherium, Podo-

chresimus, Gnomeskelus, Harpagophora, Poratophilus, Ardiophyllum,

Storthophorus, Chaleponcus.

Six genera are Ethiopian: Alipes, Neodesmus, Doratogonus, Allo-

porus, Odontopyge, and Spinotarsus.

The genera Paralamyctes, Anopsobius, Aphilodon, and Eurytion

are found in South Africa and South America; Hemzcormocephalus

and Colobopleurus in South Africa and Australia; Alloporus and

Orthoporus in South Africa, Madagascar, and South America, but not

16 Annals of the South African Museum.

elsewhere. Thirteen genera are widely dispersed and of no special

interest. All the imported genera and species are known only from

this Province.

Of 175 species, 136 are endemic in this Province (KE) and 25 are

South African; therefore 159 species, or 92 per cent. of the whole

fauna, consists of purely South African species. Four species are

imported, and only ten species are dispersed in countries outside

South Africa. These ten are the widespread Scolopendra morsitans ;

seven Hthiopian Scolopendridae (Cormocephalus dispar, Cormocephalus

nitidus, Cormocephalus nitidus calvus, Rhysida stuhlmanm, Rhysida

afra, Alipes crotalus, Alipes grandidiert) ; and two species, Cryptops

australis and Monographis schultzei, common to South Africa and

Australia. These two latter genera do not belong to the same class

as those already cited; they occur in Australia, but Cryptops is dis-

persed over the whole earth, and Monographis is found also in Java.

The last-named genus and the whole group Pselaphognatha are old,

and their dispersal has no importance for zoogeographical questions.

Besides, we may expect that these little Pselaphognathus will be found in

many new intermediate localities. They are easily overlooked, and few

explorers have collected them hitherto in extra-Palaearctic countries.

The genus Sphaerotheriwm, sensu stricto, is abundant; the remain-

ing species live in the Transvaal, and three species in Portuguese East

Africa (Mozambique).

The districts here united into one Province belong to the Erica-

Karroo and Savanna Regions of Max Weber. Perhaps further ex-

ploration will provide a basis for subdivision, but the Myriopodologist

has no reason to seek one. I hope that the active collectors of the

Museum will continue their work and complete our knowledge of the

distribution of the species in the different parts of the Province.

2. Kalahari—South-West Africa.

This seems to be the poorest Province. The poorness is easily

explicable by the dryness and the bad conditions to which these

animals are exposed ; sandy countries are never favoured by Myrio-

pods. It seems that the 27 species recorded hitherto constitute the

great part of the actual fauna; since Michaelsen in 1911 secured

only three species not found by Schultze in 1909.

The groups Lithobiomorpha, Sphaerotheridae, Polydesmoidea, Cam-

baloidea, Trigoniulidae are completely wanting in this Province.

As we know nothing about the countries north of the Province, con-

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 17

jectures as to the origin of its fauna are difficult. Nevertheless it is

evident that the Province has the closest affinities with the rest of

South Africa: of 16 genera 6 are purely South African, and 3 out of

27 species are South African. We must therefore suppose that a

great part of the fauna was derived from the neighbouring Cape

Province. It is inexplicable that Wallace separated Damaraland

from his South African subregion. Max Weber does not clearly

define the limits of his Kalahari Region, which coincides nearly with

the Province treated here.

Only one genus (Aspidopleres) is endemic (H/1). South African

genera are: Diphtherogaster, Mesoschendyla, Polygonarea, Har-

pagophora, Poratophilus, Chaleponcus. Ethiopian genera: Tvriaeno-

streptus, Odontopyge, Spinotarsus. Two genera (Hurytion, Alloporus)

are common to Africa and South America. There are in addition

three widespread genera—Scolopendra, Trachycormocephalus, Cor-

mocephalus.

Sixteen species or 59 per cent. are endemic: Trachycormocephalus

occidentalis, Cormocephalus esulcatus Schultze, Cormocephalus

michaelsent, Aspidopleres intercalatus, Eurytion kalaharinus, Eurytion

aporopus, Phaeodesmus niger, Alloporus rugifrons, Triaenostreptus

kymatorhabdus, Harpagophora diplocrada, Poratophilus robustus,

Odontopyge hereronia, Spinotarsus castaneus, Spinotarsus xanthonotus,

Chaleponcus limbatus, Chaleponcus niger.

Nine species are South African and two are widespread.

3. Transvaal.

I include here the southern part of South Mozambique, with

Lourengo Marques and Vryburg. The faunal boundaries between

the Transvaal and Bechuanaland are yet to be determined.

I cannot believe that the majority of the fauna of this Province

has yet been collected. There are no Polydesmids, while the neigh-

bouring Cape Province has a great number, and the imperfectly

known Mozambique and Matabeleland have at least several species.

No endemic genus has been found. The known fauna includes six

South African genera (Schindalmonotus, Sphaerotherium, Povrato-

philus, Ardiophyllum, Storthophorus, Chaleponcus); five Ethiopian

genera (Doratogonus, Lophostreptus, Triaenostreptus, Haplothysanus,

Spinotarsus); one genus (Colobopleurus) common to Africa and

Australia, and one (Alloporus) to Africa and South America. Six

genera are widely spread (Scolopendridae and Geophilidae). Of the

VOL. XXVI. 2

18 Annals of the South African Museum.

47 species, 24 (or 52 per cent.) are endemic, 18 species South African ;

therefore 42 species or 90 per cent. of the total are purely South

African. Three species are Ethiopian and two are widely spread.

This country should be better explored. The neighbouring Orange

Free State is terra incognita.

4. Matabeleland (including Southern Rhodesia and

South Mozambique).

The southern half of Mozambique, south of the Zambesi, belongs

undoubtedly to the same zoogeographical province, and as the

political limits are not in question I take also South Mozambique

into consideration. It is difficult to decide whether the Zambesi is

a good boundary or whether parts also of North Mozambique should be

included in the Province. We know next to nothing about Mozam-

bique ; few species are recorded and these in part labelled merely

““ Mozambique,” leaving it uncertain whether the town or the whole

country, and in this case which locality, is meant. Therefore the true

number of species recorded for South Mozambique cannot be fixed.

This Province forms a transition between East Africa and South

Africa, and its fauna has a greater affinity to that of Hast Africa than

to that of any other South African Province. This affinity is proved

by the fact that of eleven Ethiopian genera five * have penetrated

to this part of South Africa and no further. The genera Asanada,

Lamnonyx, Spirostreptus, dispersed over a wide area and especi-

ally in Hast Africa, do not pass beyond the Matabele-Mozambique .

Province. Of nine Ethiopian species six occur only in East Africa

and the Matabele-Mozambique Province: Alipes calcipes, Neodesmus

juvenis, Spirostreptus semilunaris, Alloporus uncinatus, Doratogonus

stylifer, Graphidostretus gigas; only two (Rhysida afra, Ethmostigmus

trigonopodus) occur also in other South African Provinces, and they

are very common, Scolopendridae having little importance from the

zoogeographical standpoint.

The last expeditions demonstrated that the affinity with the

remaining South African Provinces is not so small as formerly

supposed, but contrary to Wallace’s opinion we could separate it

from South Africa with more reason than in the case of Damaraland.

Affinity to South Africa is shown, however, by eight South African

genera, Polygonarea, Schindalmonotus, Podochresimus, Gnomeskelus,

Chaleponcus, Poratophilus, Ardiophyllum, and Sphaerotheriwm—the

* Aulodesmus, Calostreptus, Plagiotaphrus, Helicochetus, Graphidostreptus.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. iy)

last being represented by only three species in this Province, the

last outposts of the rich Cape Province and Transvaal fauna—and

by three South African species of Cormocephalus: C. oligoporus,

C. anceps, C. brevicornis.

The Province has two endemic genera, Bicoxidens, Synophryo-

streptus. Together with the eight genera enumerated above we have

ten South African genera. The genus Aulodesmus almost belongs to

the endemic genera, because only one species, A. mossambicus, is

found in both North and South Mozambique; all the other species

inhabit South Mozambique and Matabeleland. The widespread

genera Scolopendra, Cryptops, Cormocephalus, Hthmostigmus, Rhysida,

and Lamnonyz are not of interest in the present connection.

Of the total of 55 species, 30 are endemic: Cryptops rhodesianus,

Sphaerothervum kitharistes, Sphaerothervum millepunctatum, Podo-

chresimus alatus, Gnomeskelus spinifer, Gnomeskelus dentipes, Phaeo-

desmus rhodesianus, Aulodesmus latecollis, Aulodesmus peringueyt,

Aulodesmus oxygonus, Chersastus splendidus, Chersastus vulpa-

rius, Gymnostreptus pontifec, Bicoxidesmus nigerrimus, Bicoxidesmus

flavicollis, Synophryostreptus punctatus, Lophostreptus cameranii,

Lophostreptus carli, Calostreptus carinatus, Triaenostreptus peterst,

Triaenostreptus conatus, Plagiotaphrus longus, Poratophilus junodi,

Poratophilus brevilobatus, Odontopyge dolabrata, Odontopyge bullata,

Haplothysanus medestus, Ardiophyllum matabelinum, Chaleponcus

masimiensis, Spinotarsus robustus.

Two species, Aulodesmus mossambicus and Doratagonus flavifilis,

occur in North and South Mozambique, not elsewhere. The Ethio-

pian and South African species are enumerated above. Three

species are widely spread: Scolopendra morsitans, Asanada brevi-

cornis, Mecistocephalus insularis.

Poratophilus brevilobatus n. sp. described here, labelled “* Mozam-

bique,’ is perhaps also South African; the remaining species of

Poratophilus all inhabit South Africa, and brevilobatus alone extends

beyond the Zambesi River.

Sphaerotherium apicale and Sphaerothervum boeriwm are recorded

from Lourengo Marques, but as the south-eastern part of South Mozam-

bique is better included in the Transvaal, these species do not figure

in the list of the present Province. Two species of Sphaerotherium,

S. kitharistes from Macequec and S. gigantewm from Mozambique (and

Cape Province, etc.), enter the Matabele-Mozambique Province.

Our knowledge, relative especially to Portuguese South Africa, has

been considerably augmented by some expeditions in recent years,

20 Annals of the South African Museum.

and I give here the full list of the species known from South

Mozambique :

Polygonarea oligopus. Chersastus vulparius.

Orphnaeus meruinus. Spirostreptus semilunaris.

Ballophilus braunsi. Allopcrus uncinatus.

Rhysida afra. Doratogonus flavifilis.

Ethmostigmus trigonopodus. Doratogonus stylifer.

Cormocephalus cupipes. Gymnostreptus pontifex.

Scolopendra morsitans. Synophryostreptus punctatus.

Scutigera coleoptrata natalensis. Lophostreptus carli.

Schindalmonotus hystrix. Triaenostreptus conatus.

Sphaerotherium millepunctatum. Triaenostreptus peterst.

Sphaerotherium coniferum. Graphidostreptus gigas.

Sphaerotherium giganteum. Poratophilus junodi.

Sphaerotherium apicale. Poratophilus brevilobatus.

Sphaerothervum boerium. Poratophilus similis.

Podochresimus alatus. Odontopyge dolabrata.

Gnomeskelus spinifer. Odontopyge bullata.

Gnomeskelus dentipes. Haplothysanus modestus.

Aulodesmus oxygonus. Ardiophyllum matabelinum.

Aulodesmus mossambicus. Helicochaetus dimidiatus.

Neodesmus juvenis. Chaleponcus masiniensis.

Chersastus splendidus, Spinotarsus robustus,

SUMMARY OF THE PriIncIPAL FAUNISTIC FEATURES.

1. The limits of South Africa are the Kunene and Zambesi Rivers.

In the west these limits are possibly well defined ; in the east, Mozam-

bique (and Matabeleland) is a territory of transition to the Hast

African Region.

2. South Africa is provisionally divided into four Provinces, but

these Provinces show no great differences in fauna. The distribution

of most species is very imperfectly known, and we must await further

exploration in order to define provinces based on complete data of

the distribution of all species. }

3. Endemics are very numerous; almost 90 per cent. of the species

and more than 42 per cent. of the genera are endemic.

4. The groups typical of the Ethiopian Region and found only in

that region are largely represented in South Africa.

5. South Africa, South America, and Australia-New Zealand have

a number of species in common that are to be found nowhere else.

To explain this distribution we need not recur to the theory of con-

tinental bridges a Brasilo-African continent; the dispersal took

place on the curve South Africa—India, with a branching off on one

side over the Sunda Archipelago to Australia, on the other side by

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 21

Eastern Asia to America. Later on the genera died out again on a

large part of this curve.

6. The Sphaerotheridae and Harpagophoridae are common to South

Africa, Madagascar, and India. Their dispersal is doubtless due to

the former Indo-Madagascar land-bridge. The Sphaerotheridae arose

probably in Asia, the Harpagophoridae in Africa.

7. The number of imported species is relatively considerable—nearly

2 per cent. of the total.

PART IIL—SYSTEMATIC DIVISION.

List oF THE SoutH AFRICAN SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION.

Remarks on the List.

In Column 1 the new species are marked by the sign +.

Column 2 shows the categories of the species from the zoogeo-

graphical point of view in the same manner as on p. 7. E stands

for endemic in South Africa ; E/1 for endemic in one Province only ;

E/2 for endemic in two or more Provinces of South Africa; A for

occurrence in Africa (South Africa and other parts of Africa) ; S for

occurrence in Africa and also in Australia and New Zealand; W for

wide distribution in other regions ; I for introduction.

In Column 3 the species recorded for South Africa previous to the

present paper are marked by a + (116 species).

Column 4 shows what species are contained in the collection of

the South African Museum.

Columns 5-9 give the distribution ; Columns 5-8 for the Provinces

of South Africa, Column 9 for regions outside South Africa. An

asterisk in Columns 5-8 denotes that the species was recorded for

this Province before (e.g. Cormocephalus anceps was recorded before

from the Cape Province and Transvaal; here it is recorded also from

Damaraland and Matabeleland).

Columns 10-12 indicate where the descriptions are to be found ;

the numbers of Column 10 are the same as in the short list of literature

on p. 30.

Column 12 forms an index to the systematic part of this paper.

Certain species cannot be ascribed to a precise Province, because

the specimens are merely labelled “South Africa.” These species

are: Scaphiostreptus diphialephorus, Urotropis micropora, Kartinikus

australis, Poratophilus australis, Chaleponeus niger, Solenozophyllum

anoncopygum.

22 Annals of the South African Museum.

Column

I. CHILOPODA.

1. ScUTIGEROMORPHA.

. Scutigera coleoptrata natalensis

Verh.

. Scutigerina weberi Silv. 5

2. LiTHOBIOMORPHA.

. Lamyctes africana Por.

L. castanea Att. .

L. denticulata Att.

L. micropora Att.

. L. sinuata Por. ‘ é

. Lamyctopristus nov. validus

n. sp.

. Paralamyctes spenceri Poe.

. P. webert Silv.

. P. asperulus Silv.

. P. tabulinus n. sp.

. P. levigatus n. sp.

. Anopsobius patagonicus cal-

caratus n. subsp.

. Walesobius excrescens n. sp. .

. Lithobius peregrinus Latz.

3. SCcOLOPENDROMORPHA.

(a) Cryptops rhodesianus n. sp.

(2) C. peringueyi n. sp.

(3) C. stupendus n. sp.

(4) C. audax n. sp.

(5) C. philammus n. sp.

(6) C. australis Newp. .«

. Scolopendra morsitans L.

. S. subspinipes Leach

. Arthrorhabdus formosus Poc.

. Trachycormocephalus occiden-

talis Att.

ile

Noy. spec.

D+ o+++s:

> +4++++

Category.

Recorded for 8. Africa before.

> f+++4+

> +44

+ +++ 244+ 44:

++ 4+ +:

Present in the Museum Coll.

4:4

+ +++++4++

Cape Province,

Natal.

Kalahari-

S.W. Africa.

*+]..

eee

Transvaal.

Distribution.

South Africa. |

Matabeleland-

S. Mozambique.

__ | Deserip-

tion

Further distribution.

Palaearctic Region:

Dalmatia, Lom-

bardy, Zante,

Erdchias Dagh.

New Zealand

Most tropical coun-

tries

India,

ete.

Australia,

in No. of the fol-

lowing literature list.

10. | ile | 12

[ PROP!

Oo 0 oD Oo ‘aie Oo 0 ° . .

O- oO Oo oO oO U . .

Go . Oo 0

' . Oo 0

PXCOn E00! (00K OS

+4 44:44 4:

D+++4+++

Page of the present paper.

Lhe Myriopoda of South Africa.

58.

59.

Column

. Hemicormocephalus multi-

spinus Kraep.

. (1) Cormocephalus _pontifex

n. Sp.

. (2) C. esulcatus schultzei Att.

, @) G

esulcatus capensis Nn.

subsp.

C. punctatus Por. . :

C. pseudopunctatus Kraep.

C. setiger Por. . : :

C. oligoporus Kraep.

C. insulanus Att.

C. multispinosus Att.

C. cupipes Poe.

C. dispar Por.

C. calcaratus Por. .

C. aeruginosus n. sp.

C. nitidus Por.

C. nitidus calvus n. subsp.

C. anceps Por. :

C. anceps segnis n. subsp.

C. brevicornis Kraep.

) C. elegans Kraep. .

. Colobopleurus devylderi Por. .

. C. parcespinatus Por. :

. CO. fontinalis n. sp.

. Asanada brevicornis Mein.

. Rhysida stuhlmanni ae

. BR. petersi Por.

. R. afra (Pet.)

: Po ndancs

trigonopodus

Leach

. Alipes calcipes Cook

. A. crotalus (Gerst.)

. A. grandidieri (Luc.)

4, GEOPHILOMORPHA.

Diphtherogaster flavus Att.

Aspidopleres intercalatus Por.

Novy. spec.

=fes5

Category.

E/2

E/l

Recorded for S. Africa before.

tects

+i t+++ts br tr ttt+4+4+4+44

+++

> ++ +444

Present in the Museum Coll.

+H+t++++++tt4+444+: $t+4+ 44 4 4+

South Africa.

pe | 8. | 9. 10. | Alpi | 12

Distribution.

Descrip-

tion

g) a| Is in

fel a |Faiceil| Ge 1 =| Further distribution. |

Se(24| & Se 33

++ 8

senlllae Arle

wen eats 4

ellen Ae

sri do |) pllod 8

*41..] +]... 8

het il ence (ese bo

sel ar] Ae ar 8

Sectmlieatal Pata ers :

*¥4y..}..;4 ae : Ae

*+)../*+1.. | Madagascar Pe

et a celieteulh 6 8

* *4 Madagascar

+]..]..]..] Mozambique 510

orl ar earl ae " +

Srlliogule'arl.oo oc

SH bod alae 8

aie lsaate\ fetal er 8

et) FY], 8

Fectel ae (tes 8

Abe . |*+] Himalaya, New| 8

Guinea, Socotra,

Senegambia

+]..]..].. | Hast Africa 8

et), (/F¥+]. Bie 56 8

et *1 1! +) N, Mozambique ? 8

*4/*11 Africa from Algiers | 8

to the Cape

Seale +] Quango, Angola 8

Hiatal .. | Uganda 8

et], .. | East Africa, Zanzi- | 8

bar

feed laced eeete 4

#4 fet], iad

Page of the present paper.

in this paper.

Te)

Ne)

ales

D+t+t+it4+t4i 46:

on 120

. Orphnaeus brevilabiatus Newp.

. O. meruinus Att.

. Mecistocephalus insularis Lue.

. Mesoschendyla monopora Att.

. MW. caledonica n. sp. :

. Schendylurus australis Silv. .

. S. polypus n. sp. .

. Ballophilus braunsi Sily.

69. Geoperingueyia Dov. conjun-

gens D. Sp.

70. Achilophilus nov. monoporus

n. sp.

70a. Pachymerium — tristanicum

n. sp.

71. Hurytion dolichocephalus n. sp.

. E. trichopus n. sp.

. E£. aporopus Att.

. £. badiceps Att. .

5. EL. dentatus Att. .

6. H. sabulosus Att.

7. E. kalaharinus Att. . :

. Polygonarea kraepelini (Silv.)

. P. oligopus Att. :

. P. monospathis n. sp.

. Brachygonarea apora (Att. Nae

2. Philacroterium nov. cribella-

tum 0. sp.

. P. pauperum n. sp. :

. Aphilodon weberi Silv. .

Il. SYMPHYLA.

. Hanseniella capensis (Hans.)

III. DIPLOPODA.

PsSELAPHOGNATHA.

86.

Schindalmonotus nov. hystrix

n. Sp.

87. Monographis schultzei Att.

. Purcellinus nov. robustus n. sp.

Nov. spec.

+ +424: 4:

> ++

Ee Pee eee eee ee

Category.

Rn eee

== a a a Re a =

en OI OO a ll ee el el

a Aa

Recorded for 8. Africa before.

+i f+++4+4+4:

Present in the Museum Coll.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Distribution.

South Africa. |

s 4 o, g

q |28]/ 3 /ae Lewes

2/8] $ |S:5] Further distribution.

oS|aa| 5 los

Ane |S ie! a les

oo Si s ss

= o| A ge

o wn

F Ubiquitous in the

tropics

=e + | East Africa

ae + | Ubiquitous in the

tropics

oem eat

one TIF. l-:

ae | ar|l

Se atele

ate eataltes

ar Parl c +

ar |) Selle

i ee

! 1 .

= |) SF

SF Tristan d’Acunha

ak aL

i ! .

ail

e-. ote

steal ate

] *_I

airallt gate

ae (ie ar|| 2

! 1

otis ate

' i

ae |S |

| 1 |

ata (aah

! | |

eld ate |

sm [far

| |*K_I

Dei (sar

Se || ar 3

=P || arse S. Australia

in No. of the fol-

lowing literature list.

PRR PBS

5 to

++ +:

2 ee ee

in this paper.

. {193

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 25

Column | 1) N25 |) 3. | 4a 5 |: | il | e | 9. 10. | 11. | 12.

S| Distribution. ;

i || Deserip-| &

ey oe tion e.

3 | South Africa. in

Bide |e) ae

Se | Be les 28\ a 5S Hurthendistibuuonmeleed 3 Z

Oy Ws | 4 lesieal & lea Se] 2/3

2\a\s Q 4 = =| 4

! i

CHILOGNATHA.

ONISCOMORPHA.

88. (1) Sphaerotherium spinatum E/l|+ oe tallite + |213

Silv.

89. (2) S. rotundatum Brandt ..|B/2) +) + F+|.. |F+] - + j914

90. (3) S. tenuitarse Silv. .. | H/2| + |+ |*+].. |*+].. + |215

91. (4) S. kitharistes n. sp. . So OVW ao lel ees oeel| oo) ae -- | + |216

92. (5) S. granulatum Poe. 65 | JByAL | Sh Bedell S5. \loallos 14M oe |PAly/

93. (6) S. convexitarsum Silv. 66 Oy te oS Paella ee WPAN 6 [Paty

94. (7) S. commune n. sp. . SP eb oo War | ariio a .. | + /218

95. (8) S. weberi Silv. aelloo OAs Sol Le D2. 219

SGM(O)PSamellepunctatum nm. sp: |S EL 2 sea ee | |e 62 || 00 PG

97. (10) S. tuberosum n. sp. . Se DD Eos ae, Sei|-oo: | Spill oe == |220

98. (11) S. trichopygum (Att.) 66 ee lap Marios (boule ..|+ |221

99. (12) S. intermedium Por. io LOYAL SE oe ell NWA og |p

100. (13) S. submite Silv. .|E/1}/+]../*+]. 12) 1222

101. (14) S. cinctellum Silv. . oe (ee AL Et este |e stelle -. | + 1222

102. (15) S. plagiarium Silv. co ofA se Se eae o + |224

103. (16) S. ancillare n. sp. . +/H/1]}..]+).+}. + |225

104. (17) S. dorsaloide Silv. . ag LOI Se Woe (atl. -- | + |225

105. (18) S. dinogonum Silv. eo. | B/E] -E | 2. |F=E] 12| .. |226

106. (19) S. dorsale Gerv. -.|E/1]+}]+ |/¥+]..]..]. S| F227

107. (20) S. subdorsale Silv. ..{|E/2} + )/+)] +]... /*+]. Sola (eats:

108. (21) S. boerium Silv. 56 ALE Ioa lac *4) 2A ene 229

109. (22) 8. apicale Silv. oe (ame oa lool) Galea PAN even 229

110. (23) S. eremita n. sp. Se B/D |e) se) SEN ee ee -. | + |229

111. (24) 8. modestum n. sp. SE DALI eo |l eq) oo (oss ae lie -. | + |230

112. (25) S. coniferum Silv. . So AL SS og lac loo arito 2) 1230

113. (26) S. permodestum Silv. oo JHA Se co |lcejhas iar o 12]... |231

114. (27) S. civicum n. sp. + /H/l}../+] +]..]..]. So Ale Pa!

115. (28) S. dicrothrix n. sp. + /E/1l}..;/+].. ah -. | + [232

116. (29) S. solitarium n. sp. ee AEH ee ees level) ee lta + |233

117. (30) S. punctulatum Brandt .|..|E/1) +]+ |/*¥+]..]../. + |234

118. (31) S. giganteum Por. . .. fE/2}+{]+ /*+]..] +]. + 235

119. Kylindotherium nov. leven. sp.| + | E/L|..}-+] +]..]..7- .. [237

POLYDESMOIDEA.

120. Podochresimus nov. alatus | + | E/1 + + |244

n. sp. :

121. P. aculeatus n. sp. + |H/1 +/+]. + 245

122. P. republicanus n. sp. . + |E/1 +) 4+]. se (245

123. P. fonticinus n. sp. +)E/1 +)]4+)]. | + 1247

26 Annals of the South African Museum.

Column Ie 2 3 4. | 5 6. | 7 8 | 9 | 10. | 11 | 12

Oo |. Distribution.

Br 3 Descrip-| #

ra es tion =

3 5 South Africa. 5

g/ 2/4 |2 ale

8 2\s | . |Se Bal | a

5 8 & = 23/8 g 3 Be Further distribution. |2 2 B i

3) 2 |2Sl44| & [ss Bal el) =

Stl) set ro SSS: ep een & oS| 2] 0°

5 | 2 |e" |Se| & [eg Sia) = | &

eS |= IEG ag|4|4

124, Habrodesmus rhodesianusn.sp.|-+ | E/1|..|+)|..).. + | ++ |247

125. Phaeodesmus niger n. sp. 5 Se aoyAb ll sa. l0 loo4| SE ll co loc o8 5% 58 || oo (PAS)

126. Orthomorpha gracilis Koch .|..| I | + |+] +|..|..|..| Japan, Chile, Para-| 1 | .. |250

| guay, Brazil,

many botanical

gardens of Europe

(hot-houses)

127. Platytarrus nov. cryptodes-| + | E/1 +] +). oe Se + 1252

moides N. Sp.

128. Gonokollesis nov. nanus n. sp. | + | E/1 +] 4+). oe + |253

129. (1) Gnomeskelus clavatus n. sp. | + | E/1 +) +). Se + |256

130. (2) G. dentipes n. sp.. + | H/1 Sealoa tee -++ 50 | 24a37/

131. (3) G. rhodobates n. sp. +)E/1 +) +]. 5 + |258

132. (4) G. terreus n. sp. +|EH/1 +} +). + |259

133. (5) G. stlvaticus n. sp. . + |E/I +] +]. + |260

134. (6) G. natalicus n. sp. + |EK/1 +/+). + |261

135. (7) G. globifer n. sp. + |E/1 Se) SEN + 1262

136. (8) G. repandus n. sp. . + |K/1 +] 4]. + 1263

137. (9) G. ceresinus n. sp. .- + /EH/t +)+4+). + |264

138. (10) G. puteinus n. sp. . + })E/1 + {4+}. + |265

139. (11) G. spinifer n. sp. . SSS oy ok Heat Gell co |poodhar a ae -e||-. (265

140. (12) G. globulatus ; SAN ere espace ete (stemlbceroml teeters ye Fe 5a | .. |266

141. (13) G. penicillatus : Frees | eee |lecreal| otse Rosa nao dlvaeel lors a a 5a| .. |266

142. Philocaffrus nov. destitutus |-+ )E/1|..|+] +]|.- 5 .. | + |267

n. sp.

143. P. divisus n. sp. +/E/1|..}+] +}. ar .. | + 1268

eve Jet polydesmoides n. sp. +|]KE/1 +] +]. -. | + |269

145 P. bifalcatus n. sp. P .|+]E/1 +] +]. 2 |-+ |270

146. Harpethrix nov. plana n. sp. | + | E/1 +) +). : 36] oo al

147. Stenauchenia braunsi, Att. E/lj}+]..} +]. P 50 |l oo |e

148. Antiphonus conatus n. sp. + |E/1 +} +). j .. | + (274

149. A. circulus n. sp. 5 +)E/1|..|/+] +]. ; 2 |+ |275

150. A. diploconus Att. 5 E/l| +]... /*+]. ae Boll oo (47G

151. Aulodesmus laticollis n. sp. S| a P A Scale seo oa lhaaillt ar 6 | + |278

152. A. oxygonus Pet. : Peers OVA Ale Sallos hoo tao Se Bo || oo 4a)

153. A. peringueyin.sp. . sl ten ETAL ren deste a) eee 2} t+ a ans 6 | + |279

154. A. mossambicus Cook . Bal ee eal) AS-i ot auld eos tire . |*+] N. Mozambique 6 | .. |280

155. Ulodesmus micramma Cook .|..|E/1|}+ | + |*+) . a We ays axeil|| seul2sil

156. U. biconus n. sp. +)E/l1}..}/+ | 4+]. + |282

157. U. bispinosus n. sp. + )E/1}..}+] +]. + |283

158. U. securifer n. sp. + )H/1]../+] +]. 6 | + |284

159. Neodesmus caffrarius (Por. ve 50 OYA SE Say SEI oc | 38 a os 6 | .. |285

160. NV. juvenis Cook. Solis b cAL PSE seedless tlie + | N. Mozambique 3 285

161. Vanhoeffenia nodulosa tt: bee B/1}| + eae oc 56 ote 285

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 27

Column | 1. | 2. | 3. |\-4agl 5. | 6 | 7 | 8. | 9 19. |11. | 12

o | Distribution. ee

Ae) g Descrip-| 3

e, 5 South Africa. é.

B| 84 )s ; zZ

: 20 wa g |e : 38 < a FY

Sy eh ee le eee Bel cacaceeree Pare

ie & & 5 ae He| & 35 urther distribution. = = =

Bic (feisd| a les eB] El as

2 | 8 \ealec| § les 52/2 | 2

io} a oO 4 5 H RS 2 ~ oD

fee s | a a a, ae A)

JULIFORMIA.

Juloidea.

162. Archiulus moreleti Luc. Soo Wl | So ae i Solio | 66 loo |Metorannrerll, Wlevclemey, + |291

Canaries, Cape

Verde Islands,

Cameroon

Spiroboloidea.

163. (1) Chersastus fasciatus n. sp. | + | E/1 + | +). ou + |301

164. (2) C. splendidus +)E/1 aN ireeea ste + zeae

165. (3) C. ruber n. sp. + |E/1 ae | EN ae -- 1304

166. (4) C. silvanus n. sp. + ]E/1 Se =e , + |305

167. (5) C. vulpinus +]E/1 se oa Wa + += 1305

168. (6) C. atrophus n. sp. +]E/1 a] Ey. + |306

169. (7) C. inscriptus n. sp. . + |H/1 +] +]. + |307

Spirostreptomorpha.

Cambaloidea.

170. (1) Julomorpha kinbergi Por. |..|E/1|-+ |-+ |*+]. + |315

171. (2) J. fortis n. sp. + /E/1]..]/+] +]. = | Bally

172. (3) J. hilaris n. sp. + /E/1)..}+)] 4+]. + 1317

173. (4) J. ignava n. sp. +/H/1|)..)};+} +]. + {317

174. (5) J. concors n. sp. +/H/1|}..}+] +]. + |318

175 (6) J. rixosa n. sp. + )E/1)..};+] 4]. + |318

176. (7) J. celer n. sp. + /E/1]..;+] +]. + |319

177. (8) J. tristis n. sp. + /E/1/}../+] +]. + |319

178. (9) J. tarda n. sp. +/H/l|]..)/+] +]- + |320

179. (10) J. cicur n. sp. + )/E/1|..)+] +). + |320

180. (11) J. rudis n. sp. : .-|+]B/l}..]/ +} +]. + [321

181. J. (Hypochlorella) pallidan.sp.}+ | E|]..|+] +}. 321

Spirostreptoidea. |

182. Spirostreptus semilunaris Pet.|..| A | + s. |e... |*--|.N. Mozambique, | 5 || .. |329

East Africa

183. Bicoxidens nigerrimus n. sp..|+|E/1)..)/+]..]..]..| + .. . | -.| + {329

. 184. B. flavicollis n. sp. : el tea | Ea AEs | ere Niccteol rere || resists livevos | ate ae 36 -. | + {3380

185. (1) Doratogonus flavifilis (Pet.)|..| A +}]..]..|/..| +] N. Mozambique | ..|-+ |334

186. (2) D capricornis n. sp. o Se say Postel ae ltoo | ool oc 56 > .. | + [3835

187. (3) D. annulipes Carl. . sfes FBP) +) ] +e... | + (336

188. (4) D. xanthopus n. sp.. .{|+/4E/1 +) +]..].. + |337

189. (5) D. setosus (Vog.) . .{..|B/li +} t+ fe+)..)+ + |338

28 Annals of the South African Museum.

Column il |) Zo |) Bb |] 25 || Bo | |] Go|! &b | 9.

S|: Distribution.

& |S

g oO

g | & | South Africa.

8 8 |S ez

les ee est tS (Ly Bll leh

2| 8 |2/% |2.|¢8] 3 |2s)] Further distribution.

solr losian| & I Ug

S| 8 las(S<| 2 iB

q S) Gls S \'3

§| 3 |2 (MF) 4 les

ae | |O 2 elas

190. (6) Doratogonus setosus uncin- | + | E/1 +) +

atus n. subsp.

191. (7) D. stylifer (Pet.) A |+ *+!N. Mozambique,

Zanzibar, Mada-

gascar

192. Scaphiostreptus diphialephorus E/1 | +

Att.

193. Urotropis micropora Att. S| OVA Sel oc 5

194. Kartinikus australis Att. open | SS ere ot

195. Synophryostreptus nov. punc- | + | E/1 — +

tatus n. sp.

196. Camaricoproctus nov. bomby- | + | E/1 a |) ah

cinus Nn. sp.

LOM; (Ll) Alloporus uncinatus Att. |<.) Ay 5.2 21 .| +| East Africa

198. (2) A. falcatus n. sp. ae | ayes SE SE Go I) Go'l].oc we

199. (3) A. circulus Att. Be DVM ee oy) Selb od llao || o

200. (4) A. rugifrons n. sp. . ie WOyPs\| o6\|Se|| oo arise

201. (5) A. castaneus n. sp. . See yb ae eae N56 | hae

202. (6) A. levigatus n. sp. Stat] LET /AMG|) ere etal eter rove | ete

203. Gymnostreptus p yrrhocephalus --|E/1| + | + |*+| .

Koch

204. G. tabulinus Att. -|--|E/1]+)4+ /*+] -

205. G. tabulinus var. exaratus|+|]E/1|/../+ | 4+].

(new var.).

206. G. pontifex n. sp.. +/]H/l}..|+ 30 || sir

207. Lophostreptus cameranii Silv. | .. E/l|+}+ go Par

208. L. ulopygus n. sp. + |H/L|..)+ +]..

209. L. carlin. sp. -|+]E/1 + 60)|| SF

210. Calostreptus carinatus n. . Sp. +|E/1 + 50 |) SIF

211. (1) Triaenostreptus unciger + | E/l -- +)..

n. sp.

212. (2) 7. kymatorhabdus Att. 50 | LOYAU Sollee eae hs {lo

213. (3) 7. triodus Att. : Bo Oy Pe ee eel lran || o- ao sts

214. (4) 7. peterst (Karsch) . So ANS ae poe ..|.. /*+] N. Mozambique

215. (5) T. kriigeri n. sp. + }|B/1|..]}+ == | oc ae ae

216° (6) 7’. conatus n. sp. Pa i al ey + aie

217. Plagiotaphrus longius n. sp. . | + | E/1 — a5 56 36

218. Graphidostreptus gigas Pet. 30 |) AN + +/S. Mozambique,

Zanzibar, Gambia,

East Africa

219. (1) Harpagophora levisn. sp. |+]E/1|..}+] +].. ae 50

220. (2) H. spirobolina (Karsch) ..|E/1|-+ | + |*+)]..

221. (3) H. diplocrada Att. . B/l}+)+]-..|*+

222. (4) H. monodus Att. E/l|+|+ |*+)..

223. (5) H. nigra Att. E/l|+|+ |*+

224. (6) H. polyodus Att. E/]|+ | + |*+

225. (7) H. alokopyga Att. E/l|+ | ..|*+

fo] a

Descrip-

tion

Page of the present paper.

in No. of the fol-

lowing literature list.

in this paper.

338

5 | .. |840

Bile (oA

.. (842

343

5 on

ee eee ha Ee

345

348

349

350

351

353

354

356

306

360

361

362

+ |365

+: ++:

5 | .. |366

. 366

.. [367

. |368

Clie iis

.. {370

+ |373

.. (374

.. [875

.. [dtd

.. |375

PP oR BO

Column | ie |

. (8) Harpagophora dittoctenus

Att.

) Poratophilus australis Silv.

P. diplodontus n. sp.

P. punctatus n. sp. .

P. sabulosus n. sp. .

P. brevilobatus n. sp.

P. junodi Carl

(2)

(3)

. (4) P. robustus n. sp.

(5)

(6)

(7)

. (8) P. similis Carl

5. Thyropygus orthurus Silv.

. Odontopyge bullata n. sp.

. O. dolabrata n. sp.

. O. durbanica Att.

. O. trifolia n. sp.

. O. hereronia Att.

. Haplothysanus serratus n. sp.

. H. modestus n. sp.

. H. colosseus n. sp.

. Spinotarsus lineatus n. sp.

5. S. robustus n. sp.

. S. striolatus n. sp.

7. S. xanthonotus Att.

. S. tenuis n. sp.

. S. castaneus Att.

. Patinatius nov. inermis n. sp.

. Ardiophyllum nov. mata-

belanum n. sp.

. A, debile n. sp.

. A, liberale n. sp.

. Storthophorus nov. 7, delagoanus

Nn. Sp.

. S. denticulatus n. sp.

. S. levifrons n. sp.

. S. vallatus n. sp.

. Chaleponcus niger Att.

. O, solitarius n. sp.

. C. masienensis n. sp.

. 0. limbatus Att.

. C. acanthophorus n. sp.

. Helicochetus dimidiatus (Pet. )

. Solenozophyllum anoncopygum

Att.

CoLOBOGNATHA.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 29

OL Wee ect 3/5 || | 9. | 10. } 11. | 12.

|) Distribution.

S |S Deserip-| =

3 A ; tion a

il South Africa. ~

3 : DB =

5 2 5 e E Jed 3 Be Further distribution. Ne

| 2 lo@|GE| & (sg a | &

r 3) |e _¢| AH | aa _ re]

LOYD |e ae 5 1375

ae NPE AI teu pene ieee (Ua Quien 378

SOs fal oo ios || ee .. | + |378

+ )/E/l}..)/+]-+)..]..].. + |378

Se YA col ete elise lee + |379

+ |B/2)..)-+ | +] +]..].. ne ae + |380

Se amyl eo Sell ees | eros tles + | Mozambique + |381

sol RLY totes ceri ere lcren [este Ate - || [asl

ac JOP | Be oo aes 5 || ae BEY

56. |jlmytL |) ee I Ay 9 | .. [383

SERA lieers | I oe .. | + Be hon Bee

SOI IDA cs PEE Be ee eel oe .. [B89

6 PBA to eS ET oa ll od lon + |390

SWI 6 SE EN cage We + |391

he ELMS te ey fate este e + |391

SIS on eon boot ae ee + |394

ST cole | ocilce les] 4s .. [394

+ |E/1 ate Pcie esses stellete + |395

+ |E/l te dl oe + |397

$6 || BVA oo Ee Gl 4 .. [398

fe TOA 65 ee) elhoe Waele .. | + [399

..|E/1|+ 6 MSI Go || ¢ 4 ].. |400

J IB) 56145 loo hoo | Ses .. | + |400

co OAL SENS Ss ool ae l| oe 4 |.. |401

SL IDL 6 || SE Shee eal ee .. | + [401

ae | 1oy/il Jl sacll -- + |402

Se || joy 32) 5 gall Sale + |403

+ |BE/1 JE oe lost) 28ls + |404

ae py SEN ee Reha + |406

+)H/1l|../+]..]. +). + |407

So TOYA ASE) Selo thon Io _| + [407

J NTA 65 |) te 4), Sel sel] Sells .. | + |408

ee hl Dy AU seal a cal eral ect een eee 5 /410

ae Oy ios | Eeedinee| Hohe. ey ste eee

WEA Peels saliteee ets [iat x 411

56 | TBVAL || tS Sea Set ool) oe PSC:

SE | TOY ool epee ee seas iv - Soltee EES

sol ZN. ial se .. /*+1N. Mozambique, | 5 414

East Africa

To} a) a a : 5 414

+| B/l)..|-+ | +1. + 418

. Burenia nov. nasuta n. sp.

30 Annals of the South African Museum.

List oF DoUBTFUL SPECIES.

Scutigera capensis Templeton.

Scutigera rugosa Newp.

Trachycormocephalus mirabilis Por.

Geophilus grandiceps Por.

Sphaerotherium grossum Koch.

Sphaerotherium lichtensteini Brdt.

Sphaerotherium microstictum Brdt.

Sphaerotherium monticola Poe.

Sphaerotherium nigrum Butl.

Sphaerotherium obtusum Koch.

Sphaerotherium pubescens Por.

Sphaerotherium punctatum Brat.

Sphaerotherium rugulosum Brdt.

Oligaspis puncticeps Wood.

Strongylosoma cylindraceum capensis Por.

Strongylosoma punctatum Att.

Icosidesmus humberti Por.

Spirobolus arcuosus Por.

Spirobolus coriaceus Por.

Spirobolus digranumus Poe.

Spirobolus elegans Brdt.

Spirobolus formosus Por.

Spirobolus litoralis Koch,

Spirobolus pococki Por.

Spirobolus sabulosoides Por.

Spirobolus saussuret Por.

Spirobolus strigosus Por.

Spirobolus tesselatus Por.

Spirostreptus adumbratus Por.

Spirostreptus angulicollis Karsh.

Spirostreptus anodontus Ck. and Coll.

Spirostreptus annulatus Por.

Spirostreptus brevicornis Brdt.

Spirostreptus coarctatus Por.

Spirostreptus corvinus Koch.

Spirostreptus cristulatus Por.

Spirostreptus flavofasciatus Brdt.

Spirostreptus gracilis Brdt.

Spirostreptus heros Por.

Spirostreptus laticollis Brdt.

Spirostreptus limbatus Por.

Spirostreptus melanopus Por.

Spirostreptus melanopygus Brdt.

Spirostreptus notatus Por.

Spirostreptus rotundatus Brdt.

Spirostreptus trigonyger Brdt.

Spirostreptus triplicatus Brdt.

Spirostreptus validus Brdt.

Spirostreptus wahlbergi Por.

Spirostreptus attenuatus Brdt.

Spirostreptus elevatus Voges.

Spirostreptus marginatus Por.

Spirostreptus meinerti Por.

Spirostreptus falcicollis Por.

Spirostreptus flavifrons Por.

Spirostreptus erythropareius Por.

Alloporus transvaalicus Dad.

Odontopyge aequalis Por.

Odontopyge bicuspidata Brdt.

Odontopyge binodifer Voges.

Odontopyge exquisita Silv.

Odontopyge flavotaeniata Brdt.

Odontopyge foveolata Por.

Odontopyge gracilicornis Brdt.

Odontopyge j illae Silv.

Odontopyge leptoproctus Silv.

Odontopyge praetexta Por.

Odontopyge puncticauda Por.

Odontopyge pusilla Dad.

List oF WORKS CONTAINING® DESCRIPTIONS NOT QUOTED IN THE

PRESENT PapER.*

1. Arrems, C., System der Polydesmidae I-II, Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien,

Ixvii, 1898; Ixviii, 1899.

1901.

2. Arrems, C., Neue Polydesmiden des Hamburg Mus., Mitt. Nat. Mus., xviii,

. Arrems, C., Myr. Deutsch. Siidpolar Exped., p. 90, ix, Zool., i, 1907.

* For full bibliography see p. 419.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 31

4, Arrmms, C., Myr. in L. Schultze Forschungsreise im W. und Centralen Siid-

afrika, 1909.

5. Arrems, C., Afrikanische Spirostreptiden, Chun. Zool,, xxv, 1914.

5a. Attrms, C., Wiss. Ergebn. R. Grauer Zentralafrika ; Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien,

1927.

6. Cook, C. F., Afric. Diplop. of the Fam. Gomphodesmidae, Proc. U.S.N.

Mus., xxi, 1899.

7. HansEN, The Gen. and Spec. of the Order Symphyla, Quart. J. Micr. Sci.

(2), xlvii, 1903.

8. KRaEPELIN, K., Revision der Scolopendriden, Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamburg,

xx, 1913.

9. Strvustri, J., Neue Diplopoden, Abh. Ber. Kgl. Zool. Mus. Dresden, vi, 1897.

10. SinvestRt, J., Redia I, 1903, Il, Nuove specie di Paralamyctes.

11. Sttvesrri, J., Neue u. wenig bekannt. Myriop., Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst.,

xxiv, 1907.

12. Sttvesrri, J., Mat. per una revisione dei Diplop. Oniscomorpha, Boll. Lab.

Zool. scuola sup. Portici, iv, 1910.

I. Crass CHILOPODA, Latr.

While all authors are agreed that the Chilopods must be divided

into four great orders (Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Geophilo-

morpha, Scolopendromorpha), the views concerning the affinity of

these orders, and consequently the views concerning the classifica-

tion to be adopted, are various. Haase, in 1880, divided the Chilo-

pods into two groups, the Anamorpha (Scutigeridae, Lithobiidae) and

Epimorpha (Geophilidae, Scolopendridae), according to the mode of

development, i.e. with or without anamorphosis; and numerous

authors have agreed with his convincing arguments. Pocock, in

1895, proposed another system, putting the Scutigerzdae in one, and

the three other orders in another group, naming these groups first

Anartiostigma and Artiostigma, then Notostigma and Pleurostigma,

according to the most striking character, namely, the position of the

stigmata. It is true that the Scutigeromorpha are very different

from the other Chilopoda in this and some other points, described in

detail by Verhoeff, who alone, so far as I know, has hitherto accepted

the views of Pocock. I agree with the system of Haase, because I

believe that the division into Anamorpha and Epimorpha, according

to the mode of development, is phylogenetically more ancient than the

division into Notostigma and Pleurostigma founded upon anatomical

characters. If a system is to have any soundness it must reflect

our views relative to the affinities, and I believe that if out of four

groups or orders two have the same mode of development (A), and

two a different mode (B), we must admit that the two orders of

32 Annals of the South African Museum.

Group A are more nearly related to each other than Order A with

one order of the Group B, even if the two orders of Group A show at

the present day considerable but not fundamental anatomical differ-

ences. The differences between the Scutigeromorpha and the re-

maining Chilopoda are not so great that they could not have been

evolved within the branch of Anamorpha after the division into the

primary branches Anamorpha and Epimorpha had taken place.

The classification of the Chilopoda adopted here is as follows :—

Ciass CHILOPODA.

1. Subclass Anamorpha Haase.

1. OrpDER SCUTIGEROMORPHA Poc.

2. OrpER LITHOBIOMORPHA Poc.

1. Suborder LirHOBIOMORPHINAE Poe.

1. Sub-suborder LirnoprorpEa Newp.

1. Fam. HENICOPIDAE (Silvestri).

1. Subfam. HENICOPINAE Att.

1. Tribe Henicopini Chamb.

2. Tribe Zygethobiint Chamb.

2. Subfam. ANOPSOBIINAE Verh.

2. Fam. LITHOBIIDAE Newp.

2. Sub-suborder CERMATOBIOIDEA Haase.

2. Suborder CRATEROSTIGMCMORPHINAE Poc.

2. Subclass Epimorpha Haase.

1. OrpER SCOLOPENDROMORPHA Poe.

1. Fam. CRYPTOPIDAE Kraep.

1. Subfam. CRYPTOPINAE Poc.

2. Subfam. THEATOPSINAE Verh.

3. Subfam. SCOLOLOCRYPTOPINAE Att.

2. Fam. SCOLOPENDRIDAE Poc.

1. Subfam. scoLOPENDRINAEB Kraep.

1. Tribe Scolopendrini Verh.

2. Tribe Scolopendropsini Verh.

3. Tribe Asanadini Verh.

2. Subfam. OTOSTIGMINAE Kraep.

2. OrpDER GEORPHILOMORPHA.

1. Fam. HIMANTARIIDAE Ck.

2. Fam. oORYIDAE Ck.

3. Fam. MECISTOCEPHALIDAE Verh.

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

4. Fam. SCHENDYLIDAE Verh.

1. Subfam. SCHENDYLINAE Ck.

1. Tribe Schendylina Att.

2. Tribe Escaryini Att.

2. Subfam. BALLOPHILINAE Ck.

5. Fam. GOMBREGMATIDAE Ck.

6. Fam. GEOPHILIDAE Verh.

1. Subfam.

2. Subfam.

3. Subfam.

4. Subfam.

5. Subfam.

GEOPHILINAE Att.

DIGNATHODONTINAE Ck.

PACHYMERINAE Att.

CHILENOPHILINAE Att.

APHILODONTINAE Silv.

. Fam. SONIPHILIDAE Chamb.

oon

. NEOGEOPHILIDAE Silv.

. Fam. AZYGETHIDAE Chamb.

10. Fam. soGonripAE Chamb.

The system Pocock-Verhoeff, not adopted here, is treated in the

following papers :—

1. Subclass Artiostigma Pocock, 1895, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 3.

Subclass Pleurostagmophora Verhoeff, 1901 Nova Acta Leop.,

Ixxvu, p. 400.

Subclass Pleurostigma Pocock, 1902, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., xliv,

p. 442.

Subclass Pleurostigmophora Verhoeft, 1907, Bronn’s Class. u.

Ordn., p. 251.

2. Subclass Anartiostigma Pocock, 1895, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 1.

Subclass Notostigmophora Verhoefi, 1901, Nova Acta Leop.,

Ixxvii, p. 400.

Subclass Notostigma Pocock, 1902, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., xliv,

p. 445.

Subclass Notostigmophora Verhoefi, 1907, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.,

p. 223.

Although I cannot agree with the classification proposed by Ver-

hoeff and must contradict him in some other points, I will not deny

the great merits of Verhoefi’s investigations into the structure of

the Myriopods. Certainly it is his work which has made our know-

ledge as thorough and extensive as it is to-day. There is much in

the present paper that is based on his work.

VOL. XXVI.

34 Annals of the South African Museum.

SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS OF CHILOPODA.

1. ANAMORPHA.

Nineteen segments with fifteen pairs of legs.

Seven or fewer segments with stigmata. Tracheae not anasto-

mosing.

Some of the tergites are much reduced or have disappeared com-

pletely, so that the number of tergites is not more than eight.

The sternite and the coxae of the maxillipedes separated or a coxo-

sternum with median suture.

The female has gonopods with spurs on the praegenital segment.

Intercalar tergites present only in Craterostigmus ; praesternites

never present.

The young leave the egg with seven pairs of legs. Development

with hemianamorphosis.

A. Scutigeromorpha.

Tracheae opening by seven unpaired stomata on the middle of the

dorsum near the posterior border of the tergites.

Tracheae not branched.

Kyes faceted.

The clypeus lying on the dorsal side ; the mouth near the anterior

end of the head.

Antennae composed of a short, indistinctly 2-jointed shaft and

a long multiarticulate flagellum, divided by special joints into two ~

or three portions.

First maxillae with a peculiar sense-organ.

Eight tergites.

B. Lnthobiomorpha.

Tracheae opening by stigmata in the pleurae between the tergites

and coxae.

Tracheae ramified.

Ocelli single, or in groups (no compound faceted eyes), or wanting.

The clypeus lying on the ventral side; the mouth remote from

the anterior end of the head.

Antennae not divided into sections by special joints.

First maxillae without a peculiar sense-organ.

Fifteen tergites of different sizes, sometimes (Craterostigmus) six

intercalar tergites.

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

2. EPIMORPHA.

Twenty-five or more segments with 21, 23, or 21-170 or more

pairs of legs.

Nine or more pairs of stigmata. Tracheae anastomosing.

All main tergites of nearly the same size. The tergites often

divided into main tergites and praetergites.

Praesternites always present.

Coxosternum of the maxillipedes without median suture.

The female has only small and unspurred gonopods on the prae-

genital segment, or none.

The young leave the egg with the full number of legs. Develop-

ment with anamorphosis.

A. Scolopendromorpha.

Body robust, legs long, movements quick.

Antennae with 17-20 or more joints.

Four ocelli on each side, or none.

21 or 23 pedal segments.

9, 10, 11, or 19 pairs of stigmata.

Last legs strongly curved with a robust claw, except in Alipes,

where they are racket-shaped and clawless.

B. Geophilomorpha.

Body very long and slender, worm-like, legs and antennae short,

movements slow.

Antennae 14-jointed.

No eyes.

31-170 or more pedal segments.

All pedal segments except the first and the last with stigmata.

Last legs straight, and generally weak and resembling antennae.

Labrum and mandibles very different from the rest of the Chilopoda.

1. Subclass Chilopoda Anamorpha Haase.

1880. Haase, Schles. Chilop., i, p. 6.

1885. Meinert, Myr. Mus. Cantabr., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., p. 163.

1887. Haase, Indo-Austral. Chilop., p. 14.

1893. Bollman, Bull. U.S.A. Mus., No. 46, p. 164.

1895. Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 21, xlv, p. 622.

1908. Hennings, Zool. Ann., ii, p. 68.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 87.

36 Annals of the South African Museum.

1. OrDER SCUTIGEROMORPHA Poc.

1895. Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 1.

1902. Pocock, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., xliv, p. 447.

1907. Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 224.

The Scutigeromorpha are in some respects aberrant from all other

Chilopoda, and the group has been defined in the same manner by

all the writers from Leach, Gervais, to Haase, Latzel, Meinert, and

the recent authors. Pocock and Verhoeff placed this group, as

Notostigmophora, in opposition to the other three orders. The

system of genera and species was put forward by Verhoefi, and we

cannot do better than accept his systematic arrangement of the

genera, the more so as nearly all the genera, excepting Scutigera

and Scutigerina, were erected by him. Furthermore, the number of

South African species is too restricted to justify a revision of the

arrangement of the whole order. I can touch only upon single

points.

Two species are represented in the collection of the Museum; the

first is a subspecies of the well-known Palaearctic Scutigera coleop-

trata ; the second, Scutigerina weberi, was so badly described by its

author that Verhoeff could not include it in his system. It belongs

undoubtedly to the subfamily Scutigerinae, and represents a new tribe

of this subfamily. If we accept the existing subfamilies, the char-

acters distinguishing this genus from all other Scutigerinae are de-

cidedly more important than the characters separating the tribes

Scutigerini, Ballonemini, and Therewonemini. These characters are, _

firstly, the male gonopods: low, blunt, pubescent cones, so rudi-

mentary on the praegenital segment that they are nearly invisible,

while they are slender styles in all hitherto known Scutigerinae. It

seems to be similar in this respect to the Pselliophorinae, which I

do not know. The position of the gonopods in Scutigerina and Psellio-

phorinae is different, however; in Scutigerina they are far apart on

the sides of the segment, in the Pselliophorinae they are close together.

The second character is the absence of the longitudinal keeled edges

of praefemur, femur, and tibia, which are present in all other Scutz-

geromorpha.

We divide, therefore, the Scutigerinae into two groups: Scuti-

gerininae (with Scutigerina), and Scutigerae with three tribes, Scutt-

gerint, Ballonemini, and Therewonemini, with the admission that

the limits of these three tribes are somewhat vague and that we

do better not to adopt them. In his last paper on this subject

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 37

(Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.) Verhoeff distinguishes the tribes in the

first case by the number of the joints of the first flagellum of the

antennae, a character morphologically so insignificant that we

can put a species with less than 90 joints with the Ballonemini,

if all the remaining characters call for this position (Ribaut did

it in the case of Ballonema jeannelr), or a species with more than

100 joints with the Scutigerina or the Thereuonemini. The second

character used by Verhoefi is that of the spines on the tergites.

Verhoefi says: Ballonemini, tergites beset with spine-bristles (Stachel-

borsten), without spines (Dornen); Seutigerini and Thereuonemini,

with spines dispersed over the surface and serrate on the margins.

These terms lead us to believe that the second group (Sceutogerini and

Thereuwonemint) has no spine-bristles, but this is not correct. The

position is that the Ballonemini have no spines, the other tribes have

spines. Both groups have spine-bristles. I assume it to be agreed

upon that the prominences of the chitin-skeleton must be divided

into two groups: (1) simple rigid prominences—hairs, spiculae, and

spines; and (2) non-rigid prominences into which a nerve-ending

enters—setae and spine-setae (spine-bristles).* The spines are

strongly thickened hairs. The Ballonemini possess spiculae besides

the spine-bristles, therefore the difference between the Ballonemini

and the other tribes is purely one of degree as regards the presence or

absence of spines, the spiculae being nothing else than little spines.

The remaining characters used by Verhoeff, viz. tarsal papillae

(Tarsalzapfen), tarsal spines (Tarsalstachel), are not general, and each

distinguishes the Ballonemini only from a part of the other tribes.

Good characters for a further differentiation are the spines on the

telopodites of the second maxillae and the hairs on the ventral side

in Scutigerma, characters which are as good as unknown in the

remaining genera.

We arrive at the following system :—

Fam. ScuTIGERIDAE Verh.

1. Subfam. ScuTIGERAE nov.

The male gonopods of both segments (praegenital and genital) are

slender styles. Praefemur, femur, and tibia of the legs with sharp,

longitudinal, spiny edges. The tergites with spines or spiculae.

* Cf. Verhoeff, Uber Gattungen der Spinnenasseln. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde,

Berlin, 1904, p. 247.

Annals of the South African Museum.

1. Tribe Scutigeri.

The joints of the antennae much broader than long. Both pairs

of male gonopods are slender, distant styles.

10a.

100.

9b.

Key to the Genera of Scutigeri.

. Legs 6-14 with two spines on the first tarsus : : : 5. 4:

. Tergites without spines. Legs 1-14 with tarsal papillae Ballonema Verh.

. Tergites with spines. Legs 1-9 with tarsal papillae, legs 10-14 without

papillae : . 0 ab

. On the tarsus of the ahterior 16s joints ah baw panillee of equal size

alternate with joints without papillae. j ‘ . Scutigera Lam.

. On the tarsus of the anterior legs joints with large papillae and joints with

small papillae alternate . 3 Lassophora Verh., Diplacrophor Chamb,

. All legs without tarsal spines. : 3 : : x A:

. Tergites with numerous long needle- ike ratte : . TLhereuonema Verh.

. Hairs short, conical, or wanting : : a BY

. Tergites without hairs but with numerous spines and GHorte spine-bristles

Tachythereua Verh.

. Tergites with hairs between the stouter spines and bristles . : > @

. The sides of the basal joints of the syntelopodite of the female gonopod are

parallel ; the sinus between the terminal branches is narrow, elliptical _7.

. The surface of the last 2 tergites and the lateral border of the last 3 tergites

beset with spines; the spine-bristles, if present, not longer than the spines

Allothereua Verh.

. The last tergites with numerous spine-bristles; the spines, if present, at

most half as long as the spine-bristles . c . Parascutigera Verh.

. The basal joints of the female gonopods are much enlarged distally; the

sinus between the terminal branches a very broad semicircle. 5 th

. The terminal branches of the female gonopod distinctly separated from the ~

basal coalesced part : : : . Prionopodella Verh.

. The terminal branch of the female gonopod not separated from the basal

coalesced part F F . . > Oh

The border of tergites 6 end with strong spines formating asaw . 10.

The area surrounding the stomata of tergites 6 and 7 with 12 +12 or more

strong spines. Stomata 6 and 7 oblong . c . Thereuopoda Verh.

The area surrounding the stomata without spines. Stomata 6 and 7 very

short . : é . Prothereua Verh.

Spine-bristles ere pOntleratine on the order of tergites 6 and 7; between

them short spines not forming a saw

Thereuopodina Verh., Podothereua Verh.

2. Tribe Pselliophorv.

The joints of the antennae are as broad as long or longer than broad.

The gonopods of the male praegenital segment are broad, lamelliform,

and touch one another (Pselliophora Verh., Sphendononema Verh.).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 39

2. Subfam. ScUTIGERININAE nov.

The male gonopods are low, blunt cones, scarcely visible on the

praegenital segment, a little larger on the genital segment. Praefemur,

femur, and tibia without sharp longitudinal edges, tergites without

spines or hairs, only spine-bristles (Scutegerina Silv.).

Gen. ScuticERA Lam.

1. Scutigera coleoptrata natalensis Verh.

1905. Verhoeff, Uber Scutigeriden, Zool. Anz., xxix, pp. 77, 83.

(Pl. XVIII, fig. 433 ; text-fig. 1.)

In the paper cited above, Verhoeff has erected four subspecies

of Scutigera coleoptrata. The specimens examined by me belong to

the group of Scutigera coleoptrata, but they combine characters of

Verhoefi’s subspecies natalensis with characters of other subspecies.

The tarsus of the first leg has 14+31-34 joints. The tarsobasale

of the sixth leg has 5 spines, of the ninth leg 8 spines, of the eleventh

leg 14 spines; the remaining joints of the first tarsale of the eleventh

leg have 11 spines altogether.

The tarsal papillae on the first leg are present on the following

joints: 7, 9, 11, 13, 19, 25 (second tarsus 34-jointed) ; or 10, 12, 14,

16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 (second tarsus 33-jointed); or 10, 12, 14, 15,

16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 (second tarsus 31-jointed).

The tarsus of the second leg has 12-14+28-31 joints (first and

second tarsus); the number of joints and the distribution of the

papillae are variable, not only in different specimens but also on the

right and left leg. For example, right leg, first tarsus 13-jointed,

second tarsus 28-jointed, with papillae on joints 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,

22, 24; left leg, first tarsus 12-jointed, second tarsus 29-jointed, with

papillae on joints 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22. Another example

has: first tarsus 14-jointed, second tarsus 3l-jointed, with papillae

on joints 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25; third leg, first tarsus 13-

jointed, second tarsus 32-jointed, papillae on segments 10, 12, 14,

16, 18; fourth leg, first tarsus 11-jointed, second tarsus 30-jointed,

papillae on segments 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 22, 24. First to third pairs

without tarsal spines on the upper side of the first tarsus; fourth

pair with one, sixth and following pairs with two. Margins of the

sixth tergite with 21 spines on each side; seventh tergite with 11-13

spines ; first flagellum of antenna with about 70 joints.

40 Annals of the South African Museum.

The above shows that the value of the number of tarsal joints and

the distribution of the papillae is problematical. I refer the South

African specimen examined by me to the subspecies natalenis Verh.

on account of the relatively numerous spines on the margins of

tergites 6 and 7, and because the papillose and non-papillose tarsal

joints do not alternate regularly, sometimes three papillose joints

following one another. As to the

three remaining subspecies, as I

have no means or desire to check

the number of spines and joints,

I must leave the responsibility for

the same to Verhoeff. After a

more exact examination of all

forms we shall probably see more

clearly the extent of individual

variability relative to spines,

number of tarsal joints, distribu-

tion of papillae, etc., and it will

be possible to distinguish limited

geographical subspecies with

greater certainty.

Respecting the genital region

we must note that in the male

(fig. 433) no tergite is visible, the

tergite of the fifteenth pair of

legs (T.XV) and the telson being |

immediately contiguous. On the

Text-Fia. 1.—Scutigera coleoptrata ventral side the large sternite of

natalensis Verh. Praefemur of . :

eer Wasilla, the praegenital segment (vp) is

visible behind the sternite of the

fifteenth pair of legs (v.XV), bearing two slender styles (Gp) on the

sides of its posterior margin; and between the praegenital sternite

and the telson the very small genital segment (>) with its styles

is visible (bg).

In the telson we can distinguish three pubescent plates, but they

are connected by thin membranes, especially the “‘ subanal plates ”

(Verhoefi). In the praefemur of the second maxillae the rounded

prominence (the opening of a gland) is more distinctly visible than in

Scutigerina (text-fig. 1).

Cape Province-—Cape Town, in houses (1527, 1528, 1663, 1665) ;

Signal Hill (7664); Newlands (1590, 7623); St. James (150125) ;

The Myrvopoda of South Africa. 41

Kalk Bay (1574) ; Paarl (1664) ; Hanover (7772, 7773) ; East London

(1695). Natal.—Durban (7609) ; Richmond (7374).

Scutigera capensis Templeton.

1871. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., Nr. 9, p. 1137.

Catiraria, Damaraland, Walfish Bay.

Scutigera rugosa Newp.

1871. Porat, loc. cat., p. 1138.

Caffraria, Caput bonae Spei.

Since the publication of Verhoefi’s work the descriptions of the

above two species, which include none of the characters recognised

as important to-day, are useless.

Gen. SCUTIGERINA Silv.

1903. Silvestri, Redia, i, p. 254.

Legs without sharp longitudinal keels ; first tarsus from the third

or fourth pairs of legs with one or two spines distally. All 15 pairs

with 2 spines at the end of the tibia, one superior and one inferior.

Second tarsus of pairs 1-14 with papillae.

First flagellum of the antenna 66-70-jointed. Tergites with spine-

bristles, without hairs and spines.

The coxae of all legs, the last sternites and the genital region with

microscopical hairs, arranged in pairs. Tibia of second maxillae

without spines. Stomata narrow, elongated. The male genital

appendages of the praegenital segment are low, pubescent, widely

separated little knobs; the appendages of the genital segment are

somewhat larger, and are next to similar cones just behind the

praegenital cones. The joints of the antenna are broader than long.

The terminal joint of the female genital appendages is separated from

the preceding joint by a distinct suture.

2. Scutigerina weberr Silv.

1903. Silvestri, Redia, i, p. 224.

(Pl. XVIII, figs. 434-443 ; text-figs. 2-10.)

Colour brownish, the sides and a median band of the dorsum and

the legs green. (The specimens that have remained a long time in

bad alcohol are a uniform dirty brown.) Length up to 20 mm.

42 Annals of the South African Museum.

First flagellum of the antenna 66-70-jointed, the joints broader than

long, with numerous hairs and, intermixed with them, strong tactile

TExt-Fic. 2.—Scutigerina weberi Silv. Bristles of tergite.

bristles occurring singly. Antennae relatively short. Tergites evenly

covered with short spine-bristles (text-fig. 2), without hairs, etc.

Stomata (text-fig. 3) narrow.

Y if Taal p The sternites of the segments

P ~ 2-14 are fairly deeply set and

roundly sinuate behind, the

surface with dispersed, the

margin with dense, tactile

bristles ; the sternites of some

of the last segments are, in

addition, covered with numer-

ous minute hairs, arranged

generally in pairs. The lab-

rum and the mandibles agree

ey completely with those of Scuti-

Peart e sateen Silv. _gera. The sternite of the first

maxillae (v, fig. 4386) is a

narrow band, twice sinuate on each side and completely separated

from the coxae. In the drawing of Sewtigera by Verhoeff (Bronn’s

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 43

Class. u. Ordn., Taf. xxii, fig. 23) the sternite is not visible,

and it would seem that he had not seen it, as he speaks of a

““coxosternum.’ There cannot be any question of a coxosternum,

the coxae being completely separated one from the other and

both from the sternite. Each coxa (Co) has a large median process,

the top of which is separated from the base by a fold (fig. 434).

Next to this transverse fold is a small narrow lobe. At the

Text-ric. 4.—Scutigerina weberi Silv. Telo- TEXT-FIG. 5.—Scutigerina

podite of second maxilla. weberi Silv. Spine from

femur of second maxilla.

top of the process are four large brush-like bristles, similar to

those on the terminal joint of the telopodite, and some small bristles.

The telopodite is 3-jointed. Latzel (1880) described it as being so, but

Verhoefi (Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 163) doubts the correctness of

Latzel, and thinks that what he called the middle joint is identical

with a darker coloured basal strip of the terminal joint. The dark

zone mentioned by Verhoeff is actually present, but the boundaries

of this zone do not coincide with those of the joints. The fine sutures

between the first (I) and second (II), and between the second and

third (II) joints are distinctly visible (fig. 456) if the lens is suitably

44 Annals of the South African Museum.

focussed. The first and second telopodite joint bear only few tactile

bristles ; the terminal joint has more, and on the median side several

brush-like bristles as well. The basal part of these bristles is dark-

coloured, and enters somewhat into the chitinous pad bearing the

bristles. The colour changes abruptly. The terminal part is pale,

somewhat irregularly arcuate, first blunt and smooth, then beset

with dense, fine hairs, all directed medially, and form an exquisite

cleaning organ for the antennae and the tarsi (fig. 435).

Second maxillae (text-figs. 4, 5) with sternite and coxae weakly

chitinised, colourless, the sutures visible with difficulty. The two

halves are scarcely connected in the middle. Two condyles between

coxa and trochanter, one ventral and one dorsal. The telopodite

is 5-jointed, and consists of a very short trochanter and four joints

of the same size, praefemur, femur, tibia, tarsus. The praefemur

(fig. 438) has a little prominence on the under side near the base.

It seems to be the opening of a gland ; the mass of this gland is visible

in the interior of the joint close to the wall, distally and proximally

to the opening. Praefemur with one dorsal spine, femur with four

spines (dorsal, lateral, and ventral), tibia not spined, thus differing

from Scutigera. The large spines are beset with little lateral points

(text-fig. 5). Sternite and coxae of toxicognaths (text-figs. 6, 7)

not coalesced. The sternite (v) is a small band embracing the whole

base of the coxae. The dorsal wall of the coxa (Co) is much shorter

than the ventral wall; the free margin of the dorsal wall is arcuate.

The two dorsal walls are connected by a bridge (text-fig. 6, 6). Verhoefi,

in Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., Taf. i, fig. 6, indicates this bridge as

sternite, and does not draw the true sternite. The margin of the

coxa bears four movable spines based on little protuberances, corre-

sponding to the teeth of other Chilopods. The median tooth has

little round tubercles. On the dorsal and ventral surface of the

coxae are some tactile bristles. The condyles (2) are situated on the

lateral side. The trochanter is an independent short joint. No

condyle between trochanter and praefemur. Between praefemur

and femur one dorsal and one lateral condyle, between femur and

tibia and between tibia and tarsus one lateral and one ventral condyle.

The praefemur below bears one large movable seta springing from

a little protuberance (text-fig. 8). All the joits have numerous

tactile bristles. Ordinary fine hairs densely cover the under side of

the tarsus. The suture between tarsus and ungulum is interrupted

before reaching the dorsal wall; thus these joints are partially fused.

The first and second pairs of legs with short tactile bristles on prae-

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 45

femur and femur; from the third pair the femur is provided besides

with fine hairs. Tibia of the first pair with tactile bristles; from

TExt-FIG. 6.—Scutigerina weberi Silv. Maxillipedes, dorsal view.

TExtT-FIG. 7.—Scutigerina webert Silv. Mavxillipedes, ventral view.

the second pair onwards with tactile bristles and hairs. On the distal

margin of the tibia a circle of dense stiff hairs (fig. 437); the coxae

of all legs have one large seta and are densely covered with microscopi-

cal hairs in both sexes. The second tarsus with papillae (text-fig. 9)

46 Annals of the South African Museum.

on the joints, excepting the first four and the last one to three joints.

Generally there are two papillae on each joint, but they increase in

number on the posterior legs ; the fourteenth pair bears six papillae

TEXT-FIG. 8.—Scutigerina webert TEXT-FIG. 9.—Scutigerina webert Silv.

Silv. Spines of praefemur of Three joints of second tarsus of

maxillipede. twelfth leg.

in two rows of three each on each joint ; but there are also joints with

1+2, 2+2, 2+38, 3+3 papillae on the same tarsus. The row of

papilla-bearing joints is not interrupted (in Scutigera these joints

alternate). The first and second tarsus is densely covered with hairs

and single tactile bristles.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 47

| Number of spines on esnaeae Number of joints.

pniinet meat

Praefemur. | Femur. Tibia. tarsus, First Second

tarsus, tarsus,

Leg 1 | 1—O—1*; 1—1—0O | 1—0—1 0 9—10 | 24—25

» 2 | 2—O—1 | 1—1—O | 1—0—1 0 7—8 23—24

» o& | 2—0O—I1 | 1—1—O | 1—O—1 | O—1 | 6—8 20—23

» 4 | 2-—0—1 | 1—1—0 | 1—0—1 1 6—7 23

» 58 | 2—0—1 | 1—I1—O | 1—O0—1 II 6—7 22

» 6 | 2—O—1 |} 1—1—0O | 1—O—1 | 1-—2 | 5—6 21

» ¢ | 2-—0—1 |} 1—1—0O | 1—O—1 | 1—2 6 21

» 8 | 2-—0—1 | 1—1—O |} I1—0O—1 | 1—2 | 5—6 21—22

» 9 | 2—0—1 | 1—1—O | 1—0O—1 | 1—2 | 4—5 21—22

,» lO | 2—0—1 | 1—2—0 | 1—0—1 2 4—6 22

» ll | 2—O—1 | 1—2—0 | 1—0O—1 2 4—5 | 21—22

» 12 | 2—0—1 | 1—2—0 ; 1—0O—1 2 5—6 23—24

» 13 | 2—0—1 | 1—2—0 | 1—0—1 2 4—6 23—24

» 14 | 2—0—1 | 1—2—0 |} 1—0—1 2 5—7 26—27

» 15 | 1—O—1 | 1—2—0 |} 1—0O—1 0)

The sharp keels, well known in all other Scutigeromorpha, are com-

pletely wanting in Scutigerina. This character, indicated by Silvestri,

is the single one which permits identification of his description, which

is insufficient in all other points. Though the keels are wanting,

they are made up for by the disposition of the bristles and spines,

arranged sometimes in longitudinal rows. The praegenital segment in

the sense given by Heymons is well developed in both sexes, yet the

genital segment itself is very rudimentary (text-fig. 10). Looking at

a male from above (fig. 439), we see between the fifteenth segment

and the telson (7. Tels) a short segment (T'p), the praegenital segment.

On the ventral side this segment is much longer (vp, fig. 440) ;

behind a transverse edge it is abruptly declivous, and the posterior

surface formed by this declivity bears a little callosity with two low,

pubescent, blunt cones, the gonopods. Behind this callosity a second

similar one is visible, bearing two somewhat larger cones, the rest

of the genital segment (fig. 443). On the dorsal side the genital

segment is completely suppressed. The praegenital segment is almost

hairless dorsally ; ventrally it bears numerous strong tactile bristles,

and the above-described peculiar minute hairs arranged in pairs.

* Signifies one dorsal spine, no lateral, one ventral.

48 Annals of the South African Museum.

The tergite of the praegenital segment (7'p, fig. 441) of the female is

broad, partially pubescent, and connected with the preceding tergite

of the fifteenth segment by a broad, membranous, hairless strip con-

tinued round the whole segment and therefore visible also on the

ventral side (sk, fig. 442). The sternite of the praegenital segment

(v.pg) is long, rectangular, situated between the large coxae of the

gonopods (cog). I agree with the interpretation of Verhoefi relative

to these parts. The telopodite of the gonopods (telg) is 2-jointed ;

lorxy ar, Tp

TEXT-FIG. 10.—Scutigerina webert Silv. Posterior end of ¢.

the basal joints are coalescent in their basal half, and they are in-

serted in the posterior margin of the sternite and in the coxa. The

shape is the same as in Scutigera, with a bundle of bristles on the

inside of the basal joint and a row of twelve teeth on the inside of

the terminal joint. The female genital aperture is completely con-

cealed by the gonopods, which are directed backwards and overlap

the whole genital segment; the rest of this segment merely forms

the margin of the large transverse aperture.

The telson is the same in both sexes, and consists of a densely

pubescent tergite (7.Tels) and two subanal plates( sa.Tels) con-

nected by thin hairless membranes.

Cape Province.—Table Mt. (7627) ; Signal Hill (7664, 7665, 150110);

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 49

Slopes of Camps Bay (7736, 7731) ; Newlands (7638) ; Kirstenbosch

(7634 ); Bergvliet (7706); St. James (7712, 150102, 7711); Hout

Bay (7760) ; Venster Ravine, Table Mt. (7371); Platteklip, Table Mt.

(B. 980) ; Simonstown (150157); Sir Lowry’s Pass (7303); Houw

Hoek (7354) ; Caledon (14649, A. 23341); Paarl (7471); Wellington

(13497 ; Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (B. 2232); Brandvlei, Worcester

(1690) ; Worcester (14645); Clanwilliam (7577). Natal.—Malanga

(B. 3381, B. 3380). Transvaal. — Johannesburg (7503, 1588).

Rhodesia.—Umtali (13732).

2. OrpER LITHOBIOMORPHA Poc.

1893. Order Anamorpha, suborder Unguipalpi Bollmann, Bull.

U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 46, p. 164.

1895. Order Lithobiomorpha Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 3.

1902. Order Lithobsomorpha Pocock, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., xliv, p. 445.

1907. Order Anamorpha Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 231,

1914. Order Unguipalpi Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 91.

The tracheae open by pairs of stigmata in the pleurites between

tergite and coxa. There are two to seven pairs of stigmata on pedal

segments [1], 3, [5], [8], 10, [12], [14]. The tracheae are ramified.

Antennae short or long, but not divided into sections. Single ocelli,

groups of ocelli, or eyes wanting. First pair of maxillae without

peculiar sense organ. Toxicognaths with sternocoxal plate; the

telopodite consisting of one large femur, two little joints, and the

tarsungulum. Fifteen tergites, sometimes with intercalar tergites

before Nos. 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, so that altogether there may be 21

tergites, but always 15 pairs of legs. Male bearing 1-4-jointed

gonopods on the praegenital segment. The tarsi generally 1-3-

jointed ; in rare cases all tarsi, or the tarsi of the fifteenth pair

only, multiarticulate.

Bollmann was the first author to divide the Anamorpha into two

clearly defined subgroups; the characters used by Bollmann are nearly

the same as are used to-day and we have properly no reason to discard

the name, as several authors have done. The Lithobiomorpha Pocock,

1895 and 1902, are not identical with the Anamorpha; they include

the Lithobiidae and Cermatobiidae, but not the Craterostigmomorpha

published in the second paper in 1902. In this paper Pocock divides

the Pleurostigma (see above) into four orders: Scolopendromorpha,

Geophilomorpha, Craterostigmomorpha, and Lithobiomorpha. On the

contrary, the classification of Bollmann, 1893, who had not seen the

VOL. XXVI. 4

50 Annals of the South African Museum.

Craterostigmomorpha published in 1902, places them amongst the

Unguipalpi. The Anamorpha of Verhoefi are not identical with the

Anamorpha Haase, and as used by myself, including only the Litho-

biidae and not the Scutigerrdae of Haase. They are on the contrary

identical with the Unguipalpi as defined here.

1. Suborder LITHOBIOMORPHINAE Poc.

1907. Suborder Lithobiomorpha Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.,

p. 233.

1914. Suborder Lithobiomorpha Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 91.

Fifteen tergites. No intercalar tergites ; tergites of the pedal seg-

ments 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 18 much smaller than the others. Pleurites weak,

no specially large praecoxal pleurite. The sternites, pleurites, and

tergites of pedal segments 12-15 not fused. Genital and anal region ©

distinctly separated, gonopods present in both sexes. Coxal pores

present or wanting. Toxicognath not or scarcely visible from above.

Antenna with 13 to over 100 joints.

1. Sub-suborder LirHoBioripEA Newp.

1844. Fam. Lithobudae Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc., xix, pp. 275,

360.

1868. Fam. Lithobudae Meinert, Nat. Tidsskr., (3), v, p. 247.

1880. Fam. Lithobudae Haase, Schles. Chil., i, p. 12.

1880. Fam. Lithobudae Latzel, Myr. Ost. Ung. Mon., 1, p. 30.

1883. Fam. Lithobidae Bollmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 46,

p. 164.

1907. Fam. Lithobiidae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 234.

Antennae with 13 to 100 or more joints ; antennae shorter or longer

than the body. Eyes either wanting, or one single ocellus, or several

ocelli in a group. Im front of and beneath the eyes one groove-

shaped organ. Labrum with one median tooth, the margin generally

beset with crescent-shaped bristles. Mandible with four groups of

paired teeth, a row of sickle-shaped bristles, and one hair-pad, generally

with a row of bifid bristles next to the sickle-shaped bristles and the

tooth.

First maxillae: the small triangular sternite and the coxae are

more or less coalesced. Sometimes they are separate, sometimes

completely fused. The coxae have a large process on the median

side of the telopodite. Telopodite 2-jomted, the basal joint some-

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 51

times coalesced with the neighbouring parts of the coxa. The distal

joint beset with simple ramifying bristles. No condyles. Second

maxillae: sternite and coxae coalesced; the limits of the com-

ponent parts hardly visible. Two condyles between coxa and telo-

podite, one dorsal and one ventral. Telopodite 3-4-jointed; the

trochanter and praefemur generally fused, but in some cases not; the

suture persisting as a trochanter-notch. Terminal joint with simple

and branched bristles. The claw bears 3-5 lobes. The tergite of the

toxicognath is a more or less broad buckle or clasp. The sternite is

completely invisible; the pleurites in the Henicopidae form with the

tergite a closed circle separating the toxicognaths from the first foot-

bearing segment. In the Lnthobiudae the coxae of the toxicognaths

touch the sternite of the first foot-bearing segment. The toxicognaths

consist of the syncoxite, the anterior border of which is generally

toothed, and the 4-jointed telopodites. Tergites of pedal segments

2, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 13 are smaller than the remaining tergites, but are

visible in the middle line. The posterior border, especially of tergites

9, 11, and 13, may be rounded, or more or less dentiform. Stigmata

may be present on segments 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, or they may be

wanting on one or several of them. They are present to the number

of 2-7 pairs. The coxae of 2-5 of the last legs are provided with

glands opening by one or several pores in one row, or scattered.

Tarsus of pairs 1-12, 1- or 2-jointed. Pairs 13-15, 1-6-jointed ; the

second joint of the fifteenth pair has exceptionally a large number

of articulations. Often the tarsi of pairs 13-15 have one joint more

than the remaining legs. Spines are present on the legs, or wanting ;

their disposition is regular and of importance for the systematist.

In the genital region, only one tergite and one sternite belonging to

the praegenital segment are present. The genital segment is rudi-

mentary, and visible only on the ventral side in the neighbourhood

of the genital aperture (a distinct genital segment is not visible).

The sternite and tergite of the praegenital segment are connected with

the fifteenth segment and the telson by membranes, more or less

visible according to the amount of contraction of the body. The

posterior border of the tergite is sometimes sinuate, like the tergites

of foot-bearing segments. The sternites are generally united; in

some Henicopidae divided into two plates separated by a median

suture. The female has 1-4-jointed genital appendages; the male

has 3-jointed appendages, the last joint bearing a large claw corre-

sponding to one joint, so that it is more correct to say the appendages

are 4-jointed ; the basal joint has two, seldom one or more than two

52 Annals of the South African Museum.

spurs. The telson in the young bears two glands, which may remain

or disappear in the adult.

After having once more examined all the facts, I am now con-

vinced that it is better to consider the Anopsobidae as a subgroup

of the Henicopidae. Both are connected by several remarkable

characters not present in the other Lethobioidea, while the differences

between the Henicopidae and Anopsobiidae are less important; and

we must presume that the division of the common ancestors into

Inthobiidae and Henicopidae is the more ancient, and that after this

division the branch Henicopidae was redivided into Henicopinae and

Anopsobinae.

The position given by Verhoeff to the Anopsobiidae, as a third

group beside the Lithobudae and Henicopidae and of the same rank

with these, is partially due to the incorrect statements of Silvestri

concerning the Anopsobiidae, and we cannot concur in this view.

Synopsis of the Families of Lithobioidea.

la. The pleurites of the toxicognath-segment do not touch on the ventral side

and do not separate the toxicognath from the first pedalsegment. Genital

appendages of male 1- or 2-jointed . : : . Fam. Lithobiidae.

1b. The pleurites of the toxicognath-segment are united on the ventral side,

forming a band separating the toxicognath and the first pedal segment.

Genital appendages of male 4-jointed : : Fam. Henicopidae 2.

2a. Antennae with 19 or more joints. The coxal pores present on segments

13, 14, 15, sometimes also on 12 and 11. Coxae of last legs without lobate

process . : : , : , . Subfam. Henicopinae 3.

3a. First pedal segment with a pair of stigmata . Tribe Henicopint, Chamb.

3b. First pedal segment without stigmata . . Tribe Zygethobiini, Chamb.

2b. Antennae with 13-17 joints. Coxal pores on segments 14 and 15. Coxa of

last legs with long lobate process ending in a small spine

Subfam. Anopsobiinae.

Fam. HENICOPIDAE Poc.*

1901. Fam. Henicopidae Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), vin,

p- 448.

1907. Tribe Henicopini, Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 238.

1909. Fam. Henicopidae Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 5.

1911. Fam. Henicopidae Attems, Fauna 8.W. Austral., iii, p. 153.

1912. Fam. Henicopidae Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Harvard OColl., lvii, p. 4.

1914. Subfam. Henicopinae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 91.

* 1 take the opportunity here of giving a short synopsis of all Henicopidae,

hitherto wanting in the literature.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 53

The pleurites of the toxicognath segments are connected on the

ventral side with a band separating the coxosternum of the toxi-

cognaths and the sternite of the first pedigerous segment.

The genital appendages of the male are 4-jointed, the terminal

joint long, bristle-lhke, with minute lateral hairs. Tibia of pairs of

legs 1-11, sometimes also of pairs 12-14, with a tooth-like process on

the top of the lateral side. The sides of the labrum not incised.

Anal glands persisting in the adults. Thirteen or more antennal

joints. Number of ocelli generally 1 to 3, rarely as many as 8, some-

times wanting altogether. Stigmata present on pedal segments 1, 3,

5, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 3, 10, 12, or 3, 10. Spines

on legs present in small numbers if at all.

1. Subfam. HENICOPINAE Att.

The coxal pores begin on pairs of legs 11, 12, or 13, therefore always

present on legs 13 to 15. Number of joints of the antennae 19 or

more. The coxae of the last pair of legs without lobate process.

The basal joint of the telopodite of the first maxillae is fused on the

inner side with the neighbouring parts of the coxae. Generally 1 to 3

ocelli. Eyes rarely wanting. Stigmata generally on segments 1, 3,

5, 8, 10, 12, 14, rarely on 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14. Tarsus of legs 1-13,

1-3-jointed ; legs 14 and 15, 1-6-jointed. The second joint of the

tarsus of the 15th pair of legs sometimes divided into numerous

joints.

1. Tribe Henicopini, Chamb.

1912. Henicopinae Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvui, p. 5.

1914. Tribe Henicopinia Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 91.

First segment with a pair of stigmata; generally 1-3, rarely to

8, or no ocelli on each side.

Synopsis of the Genera of Henicopinr.

la. No coxal pores on the twelfth pair of legs; pairs 13-15 with 3 pores each.

Eight ocelli on each side . : : : Triporobius Silv.

16. Pairs of legs 12-15 with coxal pores. None % three ocelli on each side . 2.

2a. Each coxa of the last four pairs with one pore. The fifteenth pair of legs much

shorter than the fourteenth pair, its tarsus 1-jointed. Tarsus of fourteenth

2-jointed ‘ : : : . Haasiella Poe.

2b. More than one coxal pore on some or all of the net four pairs. Fifteenth pair

of legs longer than the fourteenth. Tarsus of fifteenth 2-jointed. moe

3a. Basal joint of the female genital een with 5-6 saw-like teeth. No

inferior claws on the legs. : : . Lamyctopristus nov. gen.

54 - Annals of the South African Museum.

36. Basal joint of the female genital appendages with two or three style-shaped

spurs. Generally one or two spinules in addition to the claw of thelegs 4.

4a. Tarsus of legs 1-13, a ates tarsus 14, 4- to 6-jointed; tarsus 15, 5- or 6-

jointed . : : : : : : Henicops Newp.

4b. Tarsi 1-13, 1- or 2- ipintedl : ; : ; : : : ey BS

5a. Tarsi 1-15, 2-jointed . F 3 i : : : Paralamyctes Poe.

5b. Tarsi 1-12, 1-jointed . : . 3 : : er eRGS

6a. Tarsus 15 divided into numerous secondary joints. ‘ Pleotarsobius Att.

65. Tarsus 15, 2-jointed . : : ; : A wale

7a. Tarsus 13, l-jointed. Three Beall on enol $s Antennae 20-—21-jointed.

Legs 14 and 15 of male considerably thickened. Claw with one spinule

Marcianella Att.

7b. Tarsus 13, 2-jointed. One ocellus on each side, or none. Antennae with 19—

46 joints. Claw with twospinules . é : 3. ke

8a. Antennae 19-21-jointed ; coxa of maxillipedes arith 4- 6 teath

Wailamyctes Archey.

8b. Antennae 24- or more jointed; coxa of maxillipedes with 2 or 3 teeth 5

9a. One ocellus oneach side . : i g : F Lamyctes Mein.

9b. Noeyes . : : 4 : : ; 5 ; Lamyctinus Silv.

Gen. Lamyctes Mein.

1868. Lamyctes Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., v, p. 266.

1880. Henicops Latzel, Myr. Ost. Ung. Mon., i, p. 132.

1887. Henicops Haase, Indo-Austral. Chilop., p. 35.

1901. Lamyctes Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), vill, p. 449.

1907. Lamyctes Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., v, p. 238.

1908. Lamyctes Attems, Myr. Deutsche Siidpolar Exp., p. 420.

1909. Lamyctes Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise D. 8.W. Afr., p. 5.

1912. Lamyctes Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvu, p. 5.

One ocellus on each side. Frontal furrow deep; a median notch

visible only in the fore part, not continued into a median furrow.

Antennae with 24-46 joints. Coxae of toxicognaths with 2-3 teeth

on each side. Posterior angles of tergites rounded or toothed ;

surface smooth, rarely granulated. Tibia of the legs 1-11 always,

12 generally, 13-14 rarely with tooth-like process distally at the side.

Tarsus of legs 1-12, 1-joited; 13-15, 2-jointed. Claw with two

spinules. Coxae of legs 12-15 with one row of pores. Genital

appendages of female 3-jointed, generally with 2+2, rarely with

3-+3 spurs.

Mandible with four groups of paired teeth, 7-11 sickle-like bristles.

A few bifid bristles, and a pad with fine hairs. First maxillae: sternite

small, triangular, and fused with the coxae, but the sutures still

visible ; the coxae connected with their bases. Coxal process with

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 55

some strong, simple bristles; on the lateral side of its base a little

group of spinules. A fine line separates a cuneiform piece of the

coxa from which the telopodite arises. This line is distinct in L.

castanea, less clear in the other species. The telopodite is 2-jointed.

The basal joint is fused on the inner side with the coxal process. The

distal joint bears simple and ramifying bristles. Second maxillae :

sternite and coxae fused, forming a coxosternum, the boundaries of

the component parts still visible. The sternite is small and rhomboid,

the telopodite is 3- or 4-jointed; the trochanter and femur are

separated or fused. Terminal joint with a 4-lobed claw and simple

and branched bristles. Tergite and sternite of the praegenital seg-

ment of male and female well chitinised, the sternite longitudinally

divided in the male. The genital appendages of the male 4-jointed,

the last joint long, thin, bristle-shaped, and clothed laterally with

small hairs.

Distribution.—Palaearctic Region, Cape Province, Cameroon, Hast

Africa, United States N. America, Chile, Hawaii, Tristan d’Acunha,

Juan Fernandez, Java, Australia.

Synopsis of the Species of Lamyctes.

la. 3-+3 genital spurs in the female . i : : ‘ : albipes Poe.

16, 2+2 genital spurs in the female . : : 4 : ; bP.

2a. Legs 1-14 with tooth-like process on the tibia ; tergites densely granulated

sinuata Por.

26. Legs 1-12 or 13 with tooth-like process on the tibia. Tergitessmooth . 3.

3a. Posterior angles of tergites 9-, 11-, 13-toothed ; ‘ : : = 4s

4a, 2+2 teeth on the toxicognaths . : : ; 5 . denticulata Att.

4b. 3+3 teeth on the toxicognaths . ; : . : . numidica, Latz.

3b. Posterior angles of all tergites rounded : ‘ 3 : ; SE es

5a. Tibia of legs 12 not toothed, Dorsum dark chestnut

castanea Att., neozelandicus Arch.

5b. Tibia of legs 12 toothed. Dorsum yellow or reddish-yellow* . : oun G8

6a. Tibia of legs 13 toothed; the process of the coxa of the maxillipedes very

short, the teeth minute . : : brevilabiatus Rib.

66. Tibia of legs 13 not toothed. Coxa af manilipedes with longer process, the

teeth larger . : a Ub

7a. The majority of the Gristles of tte ieee are very amma and slenden: between

them are longer ones. Coxal pores very small . : . micropora Att.

7b. All bristles of the legs long and of equal size. Coxal pores large . 5

8a. Toxicognaths with 2+2 teeth. The spinules, especially on the posterior pair

of legs, relatively large, nearly half the length of the main claw. Genital

spurs of female short and thick : : 3 : . africana Por.

* Here also the dubious species: L. chathamensis Arch., kermadecensis Arch.,

munianus Chamb., oticus Arch.

56 Annals of the South African Museum.

8b. Toxicognaths with 3+3 teeth. The spinules of the legs only a quarter the

length of the main claw . ‘ : : : ; ‘ : -

9a. First tarsal joint of legs 15 four times as long as its greatest breadth. Genital

spurs of female long and slender : : : : fulvicornis Mein.

9b. First tarsal joint of legs 15 eight or more times as long as its greatest breadth

tivius Chamb.,* pinampus Chamb.,* piws Chamb.*

A. SoutH AFRICAN SPECIES.

3. Lamyctes africana Por.

1871. Henicops africana Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 140.

1891. Henicops insignis Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), vu, p. 154.

1894. Henicops africana Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xx, p. 10.

1907. Lamyctes fulvicornis africana Attems, Deutsche Siidpolar

Exp., p. 421.

1909. Lamyctes africana Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 7.

1911. Lamyctes africana Attems, Fauna 8.W. Austral., p. 150.

(Pl. XIX, figs. 455, 456; text-figs. 11-14.)

Yellow; the large dark eyes standing out very conspicuously.

Same size as L. fulvicornis. Head-plate narrowed in front, with

shallow median notch ; posterior border straight. On each side one

very large ocellus, sometimes one or two smaller ocelli besides. An-

tennae 25-38-jointed, 2+2 teeth on the coxa of the toxicognaths ;

a male from St. Paul had on each side a third small colourless tooth.

The bristles on the lateral margin of the labrum branched, the re-

mainder simple (fig. 456). Mandible with 10-11 sickle-lke bristles,

very few bifid bristles, four groups of paired teeth, and one hair-pad. .

The two drawings (text-figs. 11, 12) taken from the mandibles of

the same specimen show that we must not attach too much weight

to the shape of the teeth. The group of teeth next to the hair-pad

is almost divided into two groups in one mandible and is normal in

the other.

The sternite of the first maxillae is small, triangular, and fused

with the adjacent parts of the coxae; the coxae themselves have

grown together in the basal part, but the sutures are still visible.

Coxal process with strong, simple bristles. Telopodite 2-jointed.

The first joint is completely fused on the median side with the coxal

processes, the suture not being visible. The basal boundary and the

junction with the distal joint distinct. The distal joint with simple

* The differences between these three species are somewhat vague; reference

must be made to the paper by Chamberlin.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 57

and branched bristles (fig. 455). The sternite of the second maxillae

is fused with the coxae, forming a coxosternum; the limits of the

component parts only just visible. Trochanter and praefemur fused,

the telopodite therefore 3-jointed. The claw 4-lobed; two of the

lobes smaller than the others. The posterior angles of all tergites

rounded. Posterior border of tergites 3, 5, and 8 slightly sinuate,

10, 12, 14, and 15 more strongly sinuate, equal in both sexes. The

TextT-Fies. 1] and 12.—Lamyctes africana Por. Right and left mandible of the

same specimen.

margins and the surface of the tergites clothed with dispersed hairs,

as are also the margins of the sternites.

Genital region of g and @ (text-figs. 13, 14) with only one

well-developed sternite and tergite belonging to the praegenital

segment. The genital segment is rudimentary and visible only in

the neighbourhood of the genital aperture. The tergite of the prae-

genital segment (7.pg) is connected immediately with tergite 15,

while it is connected by a broad, more or less visible intersegmental

membrane (sk) with the telson. The sternite of the 3 (v.pg) is

longitudinally divided. Formerly I took these plates to be basal

joints of the gonopods, but I now agree with the view of Verhoeff,

who considers them a divided sternite. The genital appendages of

the 3 are inserted on its posterior margin, so that the ventral wall

58 Annals of the South African Museum.

of the basal joint lies in the continuation of the sternite, while the

remaining parts of the basal margin of the first joint pass into the

TExt-Fic. 13.—Lamyctes africana Por. Posterior end of ¢, dorsal view.

Text-ric. 14.—Lamyctes africana Por. Posterior end of 3, ventral view.

soft membrane in the sides. The basal joints are fused with the

first part of their internal margins. The appendages are 4-jointed,

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 59

and sparsely covered with long hairs. The last joint is very long

and thin and bears some minute lateral hairs. Between the two

genital appendages is the large conical, laterally compressed process

with the genital aperture (G.ap).

In the 9 a large and strongly chitinised tergite of the praegenital

segment is present, being contiguous with tergite 15. The ventral

side of the genital region of the Q is strongly developed. The large

pubescent sternite bears the 3-jointed genital appendages, directed

backwards and concealing the rudiments of the genital segment

with the genital aperture. The basal joint of the appendages bears

two conical blunt spurs of equal size; the claw is simple. The

tibia of legs 1-12 bears a pointed triangular tooth distally on the

outer side, somewhat shorter on the twelfth pair. The claws of all

legs have two spinules, one on each side, equal to nearly half the

length of the claw. The hairs of the legs may differ in thickness but

are of equal length. Number of coxal pores 2, 3, 3, 2.

This species seems to be very abundant over the whole Cape Pro-

vince and was found in nearly all places where Myriopods were

collected. To enumerate all these places would, I think, be useless.

Hitherto known from Cameroon, St. Paul, S.W. Australia,

Simonstown, Cape Province, Caffraria, Juan Fernandez.

4. Lamyctes castanea Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 10.

Cape Province.—Cape Flats.

5. Lamyctes denticulata Att.

1907. Attems, Deutsche Siidpolar Exp., p. 423.

Cape Province.—Signal Hill; Newlands Slope; Tulbagh (3503) ;

Clanwilliam Div. (7576).

Hitherto known from Simonstown, Cape.

6. Lamyctes micropora Att,

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 11.

Cape Province.—Steinkopf, Little Namaqualand.

7. Lamyctes sinuata Por.

1893. Henicops sinuata Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xviii, p. 5.

1909. Lamyctes sinuata Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 9.

60 Annals of the South African Museum.

Cape Province—Nieuwoudville, Onder Bokkeveld (2547), Nama-

qualand Div. (7538).

Hitherto known from Cape Town, Little Namaqualand, Kamaggas,

Steinkopf.

B. SPECIES NOT FOUND IN SoutH AFRICA.

Lamyctes fulvicornis Mein.

1868. Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., v, p. 266.

1872. Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., vi, p. 343.

1880. Henicops fulvicornis Latzel, Myr. Ost. Hung. Mon., i, p. 133.

Palaearctic Region, United States North America, East Africa (2),

Australia (?), New Caledonia.

Whether the East African and Australian specimens really belong

to the same species as the Palaearctic should be verified.

Lamyctes albipes (Poc.).

1895. Henicops albipes Pocock, Weber’s Reise, p. 309.

1907. Lamyctes albipes Attems, Javanische Myr., p. 88.

Java.

Lamyctes brevilabiatus Rib.

1923. Ribaut, Nova Caledonia, iu, p. 21.

New Caledonia.

Lamyctes tivius Chamb.

Lamyctes pius Chamb.

Lamyctes pinampus Chamb.

1911. Chamberlin, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., p. 33.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., lvu,

pp- 10-15.

Three species from United States North America.

SPECIES TO BE RE-EXAMINED.

Lamyctes inermipes Silv.

1897. Silvestri, Bull. Mus. Zool. Torino, vol. xii, Nr. 283, p. 2.

1899. Silvestri, Contr. Estud. Quilop. Chilen., p. 3.

Argentina.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 61

Lamyctes inermipes var. pacificus Silv.

1905. Silvestri, Fauna Chilens., p. 748.

Chile.

Lamyctes fulvicornis var. hawanvensis Silv.

1904. Silvestri, Fauna Hawaiiensis, p. 325.

Hawaii.

Lamyctes emarginatus Newp.

1887. Henicops emarginata, Haase, Indo-Austral. Chil., p. 26.

New Zealand.

Henicops ? tristani Poe.

1893. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xi, p. 125.

Tristan d’Acunha.

Lamyctes neozelandicus Arch.

Lamyctes chathamensis Arch.

Lamyctes kermadecensis Arch.

1917. Archey, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xlix, p. 309-311.

New Zealand.

Lamyctes oticus Arch.

1921. Archey, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., liti, p. 181.

New Zealand, Queensland.

Lamyctes tasmanianus Chamb.

Lamyctes zelandicus Chamb.

Lamyctes navaianus Chamb.

Lamyctes munvanus Chamb.

1920. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, lxiv, pp. 69-71.

Tasmania, New Zealand, Fiji.

Lamyctes cawrensis Chamb.

1921. Chamberlin, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), vii, p. 53.

Cairo.

62 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. Lamyctinus Silv.

1909. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 38.

No eyes. About 24 antennal joints. Two or three teeth on each

coxa of the toxicognaths. Posterior angles of tergites rounded.

Tibia of legs 1-12 with a tooth distally at the outer side. Tarsi 1-12,

1-jointed; 13-15, 2-jointed. No spines on the legs; the bristles

strong. Legs 12-15 with 1-3 coxal pores each. Claw of the last

pair of legs bearing two spinules. 2-+2 genital spurs in the 9.

Distribution.—Italy, Mexico, Honolulu, Australia.

Type: Lamyctinus caeculus (Brol.).

1889. Lithobius caeculus Broleman, Ann. Soc. Lin. Lyon, p. 271.

1892. Henicops caeculus Berlese, Acari. Myr. Scorp., (22), xvi, No. 9.

1909. Lamyctonus caeculus Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv,

D209:

Milano, Mexico (Jalapa Cuernavaca), Honolulu, Sydney.

Gen. Henicops Newp.

1844. Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xix, p. 275.

1901. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), vill, p. 451.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 11.

One ocellus on each side. Number of joints of the antennae 30

or more. Each coxa of the toxicognaths with two or three teeth.

Posterior angles of the tergites rounded or toothed. Tibia of legs

1-14 with a distal tooth. Tarsi 1-13, 3-jointed; tarsus 14, 4-6-jointed ;

tarsus 15, 5-6-jointed. Coxae of legs 12-15 with several pores.

Claws with two spinules. 9, 2+2 genital spurs.

Distribution.—Australia, New Zealand.

Type: Henicops maculatus Newp.

1844. Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc., xix, p. 372.

1887. Haase, Indo-Austral. Chil., p. 36.

1891. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), vii, p. 454.

1901. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), vii, p. 453.

Tasmania, New Zealand, Australia.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 63

Henicops dentatus Poc.

1901. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), viii, p. 454.

West Australia.

Henicops oligotarsus Att.

1911. Attems, Fauna 8.W. Austral., p. 150.

S.W. Australia.

? Henicops impressus Hutton.

1877. Hutton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), xx, p. 114.

New Zealand. Pocock considers this species as synonymous with

H. maculatus Newp.

Synopsis of the Species of Henicops.

la. Tarsus 14, 4-jointed. Tarsus 15, 5-jointed. Tergites 7, 9, 11, 13 toothed

oligotarsus Att.

1b. Tarsi 14 and 15, 6-jointed. Tergites rounded F : : : nee 2

2a. Spine-like bristles of the tarsi less in number. Posterior margin of tergites

with shallow sinus . : 5 : . : : maculatus Newp.

2b. Tarsi with a greater number (5) of spine-like bristles. Sinus of the tergites

deeper . : ; : : : : 3 : . dentatus Poe.

Gen. Haastecua Poc.

1901. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), viii, p. 449.

One ocellus on each side. 5-5 teeth on the coxae of toxicognaths.

Number of joints of antennae unknown. Posterior angles of tergites

not toothed. Tibia of some of the legs (number unknown) toothed

at the top. Tarsi 1-13 indistinctly 2-jointed ; tarsus 14, 2-jointed ;

tarsus 15, 1-jointed. Tibia 15 thickened. Coxae of legs 12-15 with

one pore each.

2 unknown.

This genus contains only one species, Haasiella insularis (Haase).

1887. Henicops insularis Haase, Indo-Austral. Chil., p. 26.

Auckland.

Gen. PLEOTARSOBIUS Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 12.

Number of ocelli (?). 2+2 teeth on the coxae of the toxicognaths.

Antennae 19-jointed. Posterior angles of tergites not toothed.

64 Annals of the South African Museum.

Tarsi 1-12, 1-joimted (tarsi 13 and 14 unknown). In tarsus 15 the

second joint is divided into about 15 secondary joints. Claw with

two spinules. Coxae of legs 12-15 with one or two pores each.

2 unknown.

This genus contains only one species, Pleotarsobius heterotarsus

(Silv.).

1904. Lamyctes heterotarsus, Silvestri, Fauna Hawatiensis, ili, p. 325.

Hawaii.

Gen. MARCIANELLA Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 12.

Three ocelli on each side. Antennae 20-21-jointed. 2+2 teeth

on the coxae of the toxicognaths. All tergites rounded. Tarsi

1-13, 1-jointed, tarsi 14 and 15, 2-jointed. Tibiae of legs 1-12 toothed

distally. Claw with one spinule. Coxae of legs 12-15 with one or

two pores. Legs 14 and 15 of the $ strongly thickened.

This genus has one species, Marcianella triops (Att.).

1908. Lamyctes triops, Attems, Myr. v. Elba. Spengel. Zool. Jahrb.,

XXvl, p. 186.

Elba.

Gen. WAILAMYCTES Arch.

1917. Archey, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xlix, p. 311.

Warlamyctes traillaa Arch.

1917. Archey, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xlix, p. 312.

Stewart Island, Waiparae.

Wailamyctes hall Arch.

1917. Archey, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xlix, p. 313.

Mount Algidas, Rakaia Gorge.

Warlamyctes munrov Arch.

1923. Archey, Rec. Cant. Mus., 1, p. 115.

Auckland Island.

Gen. LAMYCTOPRISTUS nov.

One ocellus on each side. Frontal furrow deep. Antennae with 23

or more joints. 3-+3 teeth on the coxae of the toxicognaths. Stig-

mata on segments 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14 (the usual number). Tergites

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 65

granulated. Tarsi 1-12, 1-jointed, tarsi 13-15, 2-jointed. Tibiae of

legs 1-14 distally toothed. No spinule beneath the claw. Coxae

12-15 with a row of pores. Sternite of the praegenital segment of the

2 deeply sinuate, bilobate. Basal joint of genital appendages pointed

on the inner side and furnished with a row of 5-6 teeth.

¢$ unknown.

8. Lamyctopristus validus n. sp.

(Text-figs. 15, 16.)

Colour chestnut, antennae and legs reddish-yellow. Length 23 mm.

Anterior half of the head granulated, smaller than the tergites;

posterior half nearly smooth; a border all round, frontal portion

separated from the rest by a deep furrow. The median furrow short,

not reaching as far as the

transverse one. One large

ocellus on each side situated

on a patch of violet pig-

ment. Antennae 34-jointed,

the joints densely covered

with hairs; the last joint

as long as the two preced-

ing joints. Coxae of toxi-

cognaths with deep median

notch, 3+3 small teeth, the

surface clothed with scat-

tered hairs. Tergites 1-15

densely and regularly gran-

ulated and furnished with

minute hairs. The margins

bordered; this border is

interrupted in the middle o TEXT-FIG. 15.—Lamyctopristus validus Att.

P = eo: Telopodite of first leg of 9.

the posterior margin of ter-

gites 9-15. Posterior margin of tergites 1-15 sinuate, becoming more

so as they approach the telson. Posterior angles of tergites 9, 11, 13,

14, 15 with broad blunt teeth. Tergite of the praegenital segment

short and broad, tergite of genital segment long, narrow, and pube-

scent. Sternites smooth, with one median furrow and minute scat-

tered hairs. Coxal pores 5, 4,5, 5 almost round. ‘Tibiae of legs 1-14

(text-fig. 15) having a triangular pointed tooth on the outer side

distally. The legs bear numerous slender hairs and two irregular rows

of stouter hairs on the under side, disposed in a circle at the end of

VOL. XXVI. 5

66 Annals of the South African Museum.

joints 1, 3, and 4, and dispersed among the thinner hairs. No spines

beneath the claw. Tarsi 1-12, 1-jointed, sometimes traces of a

division into two joints. Tarsi 13-15, 2-jointed.

The genital appendages of the 2 are remarkable: the sternite of

the praegenital segment (text-fig. 16, v.pg) bears a deep sinus, and

on the large rounded lobes arising from this median sinus a broad

margin is separated from the neighbouring part by a sulcus. The

Text-Fic. 16.—Lamyctopristus validus Att. Posterior end of 9, ventral view.

appendages are 3-jointed. The basal joint has a sharp edge like a

hatchet on the inner side, and bears five or six (differing in the two

appendages of the same specimen) short, saw-like, dark brown cones.

The two distal joints are the same as in Lamyctes. Claw simple and

pointed.

3 unknown.

Cape Province.—Gouda, Piquetberg Road Station (7515).

Gen. PaRALAMYCTES Poc.

1901. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), vii, p. 450.

One large ocellus on each side. Antennae 19-20- or 23—43-jointed.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 67

Head-plate rounded, the posterior and lateral margin bordered, the

front marked off by a distinct furrow; the median furrow deep.

Each coxa of toxicognaths with 2-7 teeth. Posterior angles of

tergites rounded or toothed. Stigmata on segments 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12,

14. Tarsus of all legs 2-jointed. Tibiae of legs 1-13- or 14-toothed

at the top. Coxa of legs 12-15 with a row of pores. Labrum with

numerous ramifying bristles on the inside. Mandible with 10 strong

sickle-shaped bristles, one row of bifid bristles, four groups of paired

teeth, and one furry pad.

First maxillae: sternite small, triangular, partially fused with the

coxae. Coxal process with some strong simple bristles. First joint

of the telopodite fused on the inner side with the coxa. Last joint

with simple and branched bristles. Second maxillae: sternites and

coxae fused and forming a coxosternum; telopodites 3-jointed, the

limits between trochanter and praefemur being indistinct. Last joint

with simple and branched bristles. Claw 4-lobed. The genital segment

is not distinctly visible. The praegenital segment with large tergite

and sternite, the sternite not divided inthe g. Genital appendages of

the ¢ 4-jointed, the last joint long and thin as in Lamyctes. Genital

appendages of the 9 3-jointed. 2-+2 genitalspurs. Claw simple.

Distribution.—Cape Province, Chile, Argentine, New Zealand, New

Caledonia.

Type: Paralamyctes spenceri Poe.

Key to the Species of Paralamyctes.

la, Antennae 19-20-jointed . ; : : : 2:

2a. Coxa of maxillipedes with 2+2 teeth (New Zeal) : . harrisi Arch.

2b. Coxa with 3+3to7+7 teeth . : : 5 8h

3a. Posterior margin of the seventh tergite mien deop shbalne notol: the angles

toothed. Antennae 19-jointed (Chile) : t : chilensis (Gerv.).

36. Posterior margin of seventh tergite straight or with rounded sinus. The

angles not toothed. Antennae 20-jointed . : ; : pee a

4a. Each coxa of toxicognaths with 3 or 4 teeth. Tibia of fouriecnth pair of legs

toothed. Only the thirteenth tergite with distinct teeth in the posterior

angles. (Eleventh tergite with indistinct teeth.) Coxal pores oval. Genital

spurs of 9 long, cylindrical. Tergites nearly smooth. Length to 30 mm.

(South Africa) : A webert Silv.

4b, Hach coxa of toxicognaths aah 5 or 6 estiny Tibia of fourtesnth pair of legs

not toothed. Tergites 9, 11, 13 distinctly toothed. Coxal pores round.

Genital spurs of @ short, conical. Tergites rough and creased. Length

15 mm. (South Africa) . ; 2 ; ; ‘ . spencert Poe.

16. Antennae 23- to 43-jointed . é s «. webs

5a. 2+2 teeth on toxicognaths, antennae 35. ie 43- Fointedl Pectin angles of

the seventh tergite rounded. : : : A : : es

68 Annals of the South African Museum.

6a. Posterior angles of tergites 7, 9, 11, 13 tooth-like (New Caledonia) humilis Rib.

6b. Posterior border of a segments 4, 6,9, 11, 13, 15 only weakly sinuated

(Argentine) . . andinus Silv.

5b. 6+6 or 7+7 teeth on Wroiccenathet Avene 23. to 35. jointed. Posterior

angles of the seventh tergite broad, tooth-like . ; ; b 2 Na

7a. Tibiae of legs 14 not toothed (South Africa) . P : . tabulinus n. sp.

7b. Tibiae of legs 14 toothed at the ends . : Berks

8a. Tergites creased ; antennae 27- to 30- uinteal Tenet 16 mm. (South Africa)

asperulus Silv.

8b. Tergites nearly smooth. Antennae 23-jointed. Length 23 mm. (South

Africa) . ‘ ‘ : : : : ; : . levigatus n. sp.

9. Paralamyctes spenceri Poc.

1901. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), viii, p. 450.

(Pl. XVIII, figs. 444-450; text-fig. 17.)

Chestnut-brown, legs and distal half of the antennae lighter,

frontal area blackish. Length up to 15 mm. MHead-plate smooth,

bordered on the sides and behind with sparse long hairs. Frontal

margin with deep median notch. Antennae short, 20-jointed; the

first five or six joints with sparse, the remaining with dense hairs ;

the last joint as long as the two preceding joints together. Toothed

margin of toxicognaths broad, slightly convex, 5+5 or 6+6 very

small teeth, the median notch shallow. One ocellus on each side.

Nearly all bristles on the inside of the labrum branched (figs. 444,

446). Mandible with four groups of paired teeth; the 10 sickle-

shaped bristles very strong; a relatively small number of lateral

teetb. on the hollowed side facing the teeth. A row of bifid bristles |

(fig. 448) besides the teeth and sickle-shaped bristles.

First maxillae (fig. 450): from the ventral side the boundary

between the little triangular sternite and the coxae is distinct. From

the inside the coxae (co) and sternite (v) are partially fused. Coxal

process (C.p) with strong, simple bristles. Telopodite 2-jointed ;

the first joint (Z) fused with the coxa on the median side as in

Lamyctes. Last jomt with numerous branched bristles, arranged

nearly in two rows on the inside; along the sides and above, simple

bristles (fig. 449). Second maxillae: the small sternite is fused with

the coxae to form a coxosternum, but the outlines remain visible.

Two condyles between coxa and telopodite, one dorsal and one

ventral. In the first joint of the telopodite slight traces of the division

between trochanter and praefemur. Last joint with simple and

branched bristles. Claw 4-lobed (fig. 447).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 69

Tergites with shallow grooves and creases, also sparse hairs, 1-6

and 8 with straight posterior border, 7 deeply sinuate, 9-11 and 13

with broad teeth, 10, 12, 14, 15 slightly sinuate; in the ¢ tergites

14-15 more deeply sinuate. Tergite of praegenital segment of 3 well

chitinised, with some marginal hairs, slightly sinuate behind. The

intersegmental membrane between it and the telson long. Sternite

of praegenital segment

large, undivided (3, 9),

and pubescent.

Male: genital append-

ages 4-jointed; the first

three joints conical, with

scattered hairs, the last

joint long, thin, bristle-

shaped, with minute lat-

eral hairs. Genital aper-

ture and penis as in

Lamyctes. The division

between genital region and

telson distinct.

Female: tergites of the

praegenital segment (7p)

well chitinised; sternite

(vp) large, pubescent, the

ventral part of the bases

of the genital appendages

(Gon) inserted on the pos-

; j TExt-FIG. 17.—Paralamyctes spenceri Poc.

terior margin; the re- Maxillipedes,

mainder of the basal mar-

gin passes into the folded membrane covering the remaining part

of the genital region. From this membrane rises a blunt cone

bearing the genital aperture (G.ap), the last remnant of the genital

segment (fig. 445). Coxal pores small and round, arranged 4, 4, 4, 4

to 5, 5, 6, 5. Tarsi of all legs 2-jomted. Tibiae of legs 1-13 with

a triangular tooth distally on the outer side. The two spinules not

half as long as the claw. The hairs of the legs scattered and of

equal size.

Cape Province.—Signal Hill; Newlands; Table Mt. ; Houw Hoek ;

Caledon; Hogsback, Amatola Mts. Natal.—Krantzkop ; Durban

(Poc.).

70 Annals of the South African Museum.

10. Paralamyctes weberi Silv.

1903. Silvestri, Redia, i, p. 256.

Chestnut-brown ; legs and toxicognaths a lighter colour, yellowish-

brown. Length up to 30 mm., breadth 3mm. MHead-plate bordered

at the sides and rear. Median furrow deep. Antennae short, 20-

jointed, the first four joints with sparse, the remaining joints with

short dense hairs. Toxicognaths with 3+3 or 4+4 very small and

widely separated teeth. Median notch moderately deep. Tergites

smooth and shining, with sparse hairs bordered at the sides; tergites

1, 3, and 5 bordered behind as well. Posterior margin of tergites

1-7 straight, the angles rounded; 8 weakly sinuate, the angles

rounded ; 9-12 straight. Tergites 9 and 11 with distinct teeth not,

or hardly, surpassing the posterior margin, the thirteenth with small

teeth surpassing the margin ; fourteenth moderately, fifteenth slightly

sinuate. Sternites smooth, with scattered long hairs. Coxal pores

of legs 12-15 oval; 4-6 on each coxa. Tibiae of legs 1-14 toothed

at the end. The numerous hairs of the legs long, thin, and of equal

size. Claw with two small spinules. Female with 2+2 long,

cylindrical genital spurs.

Cape Province.—Table Mt.; Klastenbosch, Newlands; Kalk Bay ;

Cape Peninsula (A. 23355) ; Swellendam ; Knysna.

Silvestri described this species from Knysna.

11. Paralamyctes asperulus Silv.

1903. Silvestri, Redia, i, p. 256.

Cape Province.—Constantia.

12. Paralamyctes tabulinus n. sp.

Colour pale brown. Length 15 mm., width 2 mm. Median

furrow of the frontal region deep. Antennae 35-jointed, long. Teeth

of toxicognaths 6+6. The tergites are roughened by grooves and

creases, the posterior part sparsely granulated as well. All tergites

bordered at the sides. Tergites 1-6 straight behind, the corners

rounded ; 7 and 9 with broad teeth; 11-13 deeply sinuate, but the

corners not dentiform; 8, 10, and 12 scarcely, 14 and 15 slightly,

sinuate. Coxal pores 5, 6, 6, 5, round. Tibiae of legs 1-13 with

pointed tooth. All legs with 2-jointed tarsus. The hairs of the

legs moderately dense, of various sizes, long and thick and also

short and fine. The two spinules under the claw very small. 9, 2+2

genital spurs. Claw simple.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 71

Cape Province.—Table Mt.; Newlands Slope ; Coldstream, Humans-

dorp (B. 5298, B. 5304).

13. Paralamyctes levigatus un. sp.

Chestnut. Antennae and legs lighter brown, the area surrounding

the eyes and the middle of the dorsum blackish. Length 23 mm.,

width 28 mm. MHead-plate round, the sides and posterior finely

-bordered. Frontal furrow distinct. Median furrow deep. The

single $ specimen has one 23-jointed antenna (the second is missing).

Teeth of toxicognaths 6+6 ; the toothed margin straight, the median

notch deep. The tergites smooth and shining, laterally bordered ;

tergites 1, 3, and 5 also bordered behind; tergites 7, 9, 11, and 13

with teeth on the posterior angles; these teeth are very broad, but

shorter on the seventh tergite; the thirteenth tergite has the most

pointed teeth ; posterior border of tergites 8, 10, 12, and 15 weakly,

of the fourteenth deeply, sinuate. Sternites smooth, with sparse hairs.

Coxal pores 4, 5,5, 5 small, round. Tibiae of legs 1-14 with a pointed

tooth. Tarsi of all legs 2-jointed, and densely pubescent on the

under side; the hairs of the posterior legs, excepting those of the

basal joints, short and spine-like. The spinules very small. The

last pair of legs long and slender in the g.

2 unknown.

Cape Province.—Sir Lowry’s Pass, Hottentots Holland Mts. ;

Caledon Div.

Gen. TRIPOROBIUS Silv.

1917. Silvestri, Indian Lithob. Rec. Ind. Mus. Calcutta, xiii, p. 313.

Triporobius newtoni Silv.

1917. Silvestri, loc. cit., p. 314.

Trichinopoli.

2. Tribe Zygethobuint Chamb.

1912. Zygethobiinae Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard

Coll., lvii, p. 5.

1914. Zygethobuni, Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 92.

No stigmata on the first segment. No ocellus or one on each side.

Distribution.—N. America, Columbia, Japan.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Key to the Genera of Zygethobiin.

. No eyes. Legs 12-15 with coxal pores ‘ : . Buethobius Chamb.

. One ocellus on each side i ; F : :

. Tarsi of all legs 2-jointed. Coxal] pores on legs 11-15 .

. First tarsal joint of some of the posterior legs divided into 5-11 secondary

3 ween

Zygethobius.

articulations. Second tarsal joint divided into 2-10 secondary articulations.

(Coxal pores ?) d ; : : : ; Esastigmatobius Silv.

Gen. ZYGETHOBIUS Chamb.

1903. Chamberlin, Ent. News, xiv, p. 335.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvii, p. 25.

Chamberlin distinguishes two subgenera, Zygethobius and Zante-

thobius.

Zygethobius dolichopus Chamb.

1902. Henicops dolichopus Chamberlin, Proc. U.S. Mus., xxiv,

Denton

1903. Zygethobius dolichopus Chamberlin, Ent. News, xiv, p. 335.

1910. Zygethobius dolichopus Chamberlin, Pomona Cole. J. Ent.,

p. 368.

1912. Zygethobius dolichopus Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll.,

lvii, p. 27.

Utali, Nevada, California.

Zygethobius columbiensis Chamb.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvii, p. 31.

British Columbia.

Zygethobius sokarienus Chamb.

1911. Chamberlin, Canad. Ent., xl, p. 383.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvii, p. 30.

California.

Zygethobius (Zantethobius) pontis Chamb.

1911. Chamberlin, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., p. 34.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvii, p. 35.

Virginia, Tennessee.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 73

Gen. BuETHOBIUS Chamb.

1911. Chamberlin, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., p. 34.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvii, p. 18.

Buethobius coniugans Chamb.

1911. Chamberlin, Canad. Ent., p. 383.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvii, p. 22.

California.

Buethobius oabitus Chamb.

1911. Chamberlin, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., p. 34.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lvui, p. 20.

Mississippi.

Gen. ESASTIGMATOBIUS Silv.

1909. Silvestri, Bull. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 47.

Esastigmatobius japonicus Silv.

1909. Silvestri, loc. cat., p. 49.

Japan.

2. Subfam. ANOPSOBIINAE Verh.

1907. Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 235.

1911. Attems, Fauna 8.W. Austral., 111, p.. 235.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 94.

Fourteenth and fifteenth pairs of legs with coxal pores. Antennae

13-17-jointed. Coxa of last pair of legs with long lobate process

ending in a little spine. Praefemur of last pair of legs generally, and

trochanter sometimes, with strong spines. The basal joint of the

telopodite of the first maxillae distinctly demarcated on the median

side, not fused with the coxa. No eyes. Stigmata present on seg-

ments 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 3, 10, 12, or 3,10. Tarsi of legs 1-12,

1-jointed. Tarsi of legs 13-15, 1- or 2-jointed.

Distribution.—South America (Chile, Patagonia), Australia.

Key to the Genera of Anopsobunae.

la. Tarsi of all legs 1-jointed. Praefemur of last pair of legs not spined. Stigmata

present on segments 3 and 10 . : : . . Catanopsobius Silv.

16. Tarsi of legs 13-15 or 14 and 15, 2-jointed. Praefemur of last pair of legs with

one strong spine. Three or more pairs of stigmata . : : a AP

74 Annals of the South African Museum.

2a. Stigmata present on segments 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14. Tarsus 13, 2-jointed

Anopsobius Silv.

2b. Stigmata present on segments 3, 10, 12. Tarsus 13, 1-jointed ‘ 5. 8h

3a. Tarsus 13, l-jointed . : : : ; : : Dichelobius Att.

36. Tarsus 13, 2-jointed . : : 3 5 3 . Tasmanobius Chamb.

Gen. ANOPSOBIUS Silv.

1899. Silvestri, Contrib. Estud. Chilop. Chilenos., p. 3.

1905. Silvestri, Zool. Jahrb., vi, p. 749.

1907. Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 235.

1909. Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 40.

Distribution.—Patagonia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa.

Anopsobius patagonicus Silv.

Silvestri, Rendic. R. Acad. Lincei, (5), xvin, p. 320.

1909. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 44.

Patagonia.

14. Anopsobius patagonicus calcaratus n. subsp.

(Pl. XVIII, figs. 451-453 ; Pl. XIX, fig. 454 ; text-figs. 18-22.)

Antennae looking like a string of pearls, 15-jointed, with dispersed

hairs, the last jomt as long as the two preceding joints together.

5+5 teeth on the toxicognaths. No eyes. Labrum with branched

bristles. The sickle-like bristles of the mandibles are short and

strong, a little longer than the teeth, and few in number. I noted

five, but the animals being badly preserved, this number must be

verified. Teeth as in the Henicopinae. Coxal process of the first

maxillae (fig. 454) furnished with simple bristles. Telopodite 2-

jointed, the basal joint distinctly demarcated on the median side.

The terminal joint bears some large branched bristles and a few simple,

somewhat curved bristles. Second maxillae as in Henicopinae, con-

sisting of the coxosternum and the 3-jointed telopodite. The

trochanter notch hardly visible. Terminal joint with branched and

single bristles. The claw 5-lobed ; the lobes in some cases spiniform,

in others broad and flattened. The tergite of the toxicognaths or

maxillipedes is freely visible as a broad plate. The tarsus and

ungulum of the toxicognaths are fused, forming a tarsungulum as in

other Lithobioidea (fig. 451). My supposition that the statements of

Silvestri concerning the genus Catanopsobius are incorrect is again

supported by this fact. Posterior angles of all tergites rounded ;

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 75

tergite 15 with a shallow sinus behind. Sternites with sparse hairs.

Sternite 15 with dense and

long hairs.

The 2 with two coxal

pores on the fourteenth and

fifteenth legs. 3 with only

one pore on these legs.

Tibiae of legs 1-12 with

pointed claw-like tooth dis-

tally on the outer side

(text-fig. 18); the tooth of

the twelfth pair is smaller.

Tarsi of legs 1-12, 1-jointed;

of legs 13-15, 2-jointed.

Cl iT oh TExt-FIG. 18.—Anopsobius patagonicus calcar-

aw Of all legs with one atus Att. Tibia of seventh leg of 3.

larger anterior and one

smaller posterior spinule. The hairs of the legs scattered, some

TExtT-FIG. 19.—Anopsobius patagonicus calcaratus Att. Fourteenth leg of 3:

telopodite.

especially on the under side strong and spine-like. Joints 3, 4, and 5

swollen and filled with

a glandular mass (text-

fig. 19). Coxa of the

last pair of legs with a

long-pointed and hairy

lappet bearing a little

spine at the end (fig.

TExt-FIG. 20.—Anopsobius patagonicus calcaratus Att. hir joint of

Trochanter and praefemur of fifteenth leg of 3. cage) Mauss :

legs 14 and 15 with one

long, light-coloured spine on the under side (text-figs. 19, 20). Second

joint of 15 with a similar but smaller spine below. The tergites of

76 Annals of the South African Museum.

the praegenital segment deeply sinuate behind, slightly pubescent.

Sternite of the praegenital segment undivided in both sexes. The

Trxt-FIc. 21.—Anopsobius patagonicus calcaratus Att. Posterior end of J,

ventral view.

genital appendages of the g 4-jomted as in Lamyctes (text-fig. 21);

TEXt-FIG. 22.—Anopsobius patagoni-

cus calcaratus Att. Gonopod of 9.

the first three joints with two long

bristles each; the last joint long and

slender with minute lateral hairs in

the middle (fig. 452). Sternite of prae-

genital segment of Q large, the ap-

pendages 3-jointed, the basal joint

with two stout conical spurs, the

median spur being smaller. The claw

broad, blunt, and distinctly separated

from the preceding joint (text-fig. 22).

Cape Province.—Table Mountain,

Platteklip Ravine (7672, 7678, 7680),

Newlands Slope (7689, 7699), Camps Bay (7930), Wynberg Hill,

Cape Peninsula (1635), Ceres (7524).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. Ch

Anopsobius neozelandicus Silv.

1909. Silvestri, loc. cit., p. 45.

New Zealand.

Anopsobius productus Silv.

1909. Silvestri, loc. cit., p. 43.

Chile.

Gen. CATANOPSOBIUS Silv.

1909. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 46.

Catanopsobius chilensis Silv.

1909. Silvestri, loc. cit., p. 46.

Chile.

Gen. DICHELOBIUS Att.

1911. Attems, Fauna S.W. Austral., i, p. 151.

Dichelobius flavens Att.

1911. Attems, loc. cit., p. 154.

S.W. Australia.

Dichelobius bicuspis Rib.

1923. Ribaut, Nova Caledonia, iii, p. 24.

New Caledonia.

Fam. LITHOBIIDAE Poc.

1901. Fam. Lithobiidae, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), viii,

p. 488.

1907. Subfam. Lithobiinae, tribe Lithobiint Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class.

u. Ordn., p. 236.

1911. Fam. Lithobudae, Attems, Fauna 8.W. Austral., p. 154.

1926. Fam. Lithobiidae, Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 381.

The pleurites of the toxicognath segment are not connected with

one another on the ventral surface, and do not therefore separate

the syncoxite of the toxicognaths and the sternite of the first pedal

segment. The genital appendages of the ¢ are 1-jointed or 2-jointed

styles. Tibiae of all legs without distal tooth-like process. The

78 Annals of the South African Museum.

sides of the labrum nearest the median tooth are incised, resulting

in the formation of two blunt teeth. Anal glands disappear in the

adult. Nineteen or more, or very numerous antennal joints. Gener-

ally the twelfth to the fifteenth, rarely the eleventh pair of legs with

coxal pores. Ocelli generally numerous, rarely wanting. Stigmata

on segments 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14. All legs with hairs and spines, the

latter regularly disposed and of importance for the systematist.

This family is represented in the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions

by very many species. In South Africa only one species of the

genus Lithobius and one species of Walesobius are found. One of

them is markedly a Palaearctic species. In tropical India and South

America the number of species is small.

Gen. WALESOBIUS.

15. Walesobius excrescens n. sp.

Chestnut colour. Length 14 mm. Antennae with 26 joints (3)

or 28 joints (Q). Toxicognaths with 2+2 teeth. Ten ocelli in three

irregular rows, situated behind one large single ocellus. Tergites

smooth and shining, with shallow grooves bearing a little hair.

Tergites 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 are bordered at the sides and behind, tergites

2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 only at the sides; on tergite 7 the border

is interrupted in the middle of the posterior margin. Tergites 9, 11,

13 with long triangular teeth. Tergites 14 and 15 slightly sinuate

behind. Sternites smooth, not furrowed. Legs with sparse hairs.

Tarsi 2-jointed, coxae of legs 15 and 14 (Q), or 15, 14, and 13, with

one dorsal spine. No lateral spine. Coxal pores round, 4, 5, 5, 3.

The lateral edge of the surface bearing the pores not elevated. Spines

Os Syl, @

ONIN 32a

furrowed. The fourth joint of legs 15 of the g with a small pro-

tuberance situated in a shallow groove at the distal end of the dorsal

surface. This protuberance is short, cylindrical, and hollowed out

like a crater. In a young ¢ of 10 mm. length this protuberance is

scarcely visible. The last legs uniformly chestnut in colour; no joint

of a distinctly lighter colour than the rest. 9, 2+2 genital spurs.

Cape Town, in gardens (7658), Museum grounds (B. 987), Cape.

of last pair of legs claw simple. Legs 15 and 14 of 3 not

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 79

Gen. LITHOBIUS.

16. Lithobius peregrinus Latz.

1880. Latzel, Myr. d. Ost. Ung. Mon., i, p. 63.

Head and dorsum of a uniformly dark chestnut colour; the

antennae not darker. Antennae 50-jointed. Fifteen ocelli arranged

in four rows. Teeth of toxicognaths 4+4 or 5+5; some of these

teeth, e.g. the second or third, are sometimes smaller than the rest.

Tergites 9, 11, 13 with sharp teeth. Tergites 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 slightly

sinuate posteriorly ; coxal pores oval, 7, 7, 7, 6.

In ¢ a lateral coxal spine on legs 13, 14, 15, in 2 on legs 14, 15.

ILO; 3% 1 ©

SS 2 Om

tibiae of legs 15 flattened above; no other peculiarities. 92 with

2+2 genital spurs. The claw 3-lobed.

Cape Peninsula (1514).

I may say here that the South African specimens were compared

with the type specimens of Latzel from the Austrian coast, and I

could not see any difference between them. It is certainly remarkable

that a species should inhabit two places so remote from one another,

when the chances of their having been imported by means of ships

are practically nil.

Spines of last pair of legs Claw with one spinule. The

2. Sub-suborder CERMATOBIOIDEA Haase.

1855. Fam. Cermatobsidae Haase, Zool. Anz., Nr. 210, p. 693.

1887. Fam. Cermatobiudae Haase, Indo-Austral. Chil., p. 29.

1901. Fam. Cermatobiidae Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), viii,

p- 448.

1907. Fam. Cermatobiidae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.,

p. 233.

1926. Subsuborder Cermatobioidea, Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb.

d. Zool., iv, p. 387.

First maxillae with an indistinctly 2-jointed lobe on the sternite.

Tergites 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13 very short, only the lateral teeth visible.

No coxal pores. Tarsi of all legs multi-articulate (5-30-jointed).

Claw of genital appendages of 2 curved.

This genus contains a single species, Cermatobius martensi Haase,

from Adenara, Island of Flores.

1902.

1907.

1914.

Annals of the South African Museum.

2. Suborder CRATEROSTIGMOMORPHINAE Poc.

Order Craterostigmomorpha Pocock, Quart. J. Micr. Seci.,

xliv, p. 444.

Suborder Craterostigmomorpha Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u.

Ordn., p. 232.

Suborder Craterostigmomorpha Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr.,

p. 91.

This genus contains one species, Craterostigmus tasmanianus Poc.,

from Tasmania.

1880.

1881.

1885.

1887.

1893.

1901.

1907.

1914.

1926.

1895.

1902.

1903.

1907.

1914.

1921.

1926.

2. Subclass Chilopoda Epimorpha Haase.

Haase, Schlesiens Chilop., 1, p. 6.

Haase, Schlesiens Chilop., 11, p. 66.

Meinert, Myr. Mus. Cantabr., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., p. 177.

Haase, Indo-Austral. Chil., p. 37.

Bollmann, Bull. U.S. Mus. No. (46), p. 164.

Verhoeff, Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr., xvi; Nova Acta Leop.,

Ixxvu, p. 400.

Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 241.

Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 100.

Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 341.

1. ORDER SCOLOPENDROMORPHA Poe.

Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 13.

Pocock, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., xliv, p. 443.

Kraepelin, Revision der Scolopendriden, Mitt. Naturh. Mus.

Hamburg, xx.

Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 242.

Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 100.

Grobbelaar, Ann. of the Transvaal Mus., vii, p. 245.

Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 369.

Of the South African Scolopendromorpha the genera Cryptops and

Cormocephalus ate the most interesting, because they contain a con-

siderable number of species, some of which are new, while the other

genera are represented by only a few species, and, excepting the new

species Colobopleurus fontinalis, have been known for a long time.

The presence of Asanada brevicornis in Rhodesia is remarkable, as

hitherto this species was recorded only from the Himalayas and the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 81

Andamans. A connecting link to this new area is formed by Asanada

socotrana from Socotra, thought to be synonymous with brevicornis.

Rhysida stuhlmanni is new to the Cape Province. The great majority

of the specimen tubes contained Arthrorhabdus formosus and Scolo-

pendra morsitans, both apparently very common in South Africa, while

the remaining species are represented by only a few specimens.

la.

1b.

10a.

108.

Key to the South African Genera.

No eyes. The last pair of legs of dead specimens is strongly bent or loose

like a hinge between tibia and tarsus. The tarsi of most legs 1-jointed.

Sternites with one median, or with one median and one transverse furrow

Cryptops Leach.

Four ocelli on each side. Last legs of dead specimens straight, not loose at

the junction between tibia and tarsus. Tarsi of all legs 2-jointed, sternites

with two longitudinal furrows or without furrow j te

. Stigmata oval or round, sometimes compressed in antero- CpOHteCr direction 3.

. The three terminal joints of the last legs enlarged and forming a leaf-like

structure without claw. Seventh segment without stigma . Alvpes.

. Terminal legs normal, their last joints not enlarged, with strong claw.

Seventh segment with stigma é : oh As

. Femur of toxicognaths with strong basal Sanit, ineser then. the tooth-plates

of the coxae. Three basal joints of antennae hairless . Rhysida Wood.

. Femur of toxicognaths without basal tooth; four basal joints of antennae

hairless 5 : . Ethmostigmus Poc.

. Stigmata parallel to the lene axis sof the bade triangular, pointed infront 5.

. Coxopleurae without porose area and without process. Antennae very short,

not exceeding the first tergite : 6 . Asanada Mein.

. Coxopleurae with distinct porose area, generally with well-developed process.

Antennae exceeding the first tergite : 5 é 6 : Os

. Alllegs without tarsalspines . : ‘ 5 : : ‘ See

. Process of coxopleurae with numerous spines. . Hemicormocephalus.

. Process of coxopleura with 0-3 spines : 3 5 Gh

. Process of coxopleura, if present, very short and not spinel or with one

minute spine. The femur of terminal legs not spined, or with minute

spinules. The head-plate is not covered by the first tergite

Colobopleurus Kraep.

. Process of coxopleura with 2 or 3 spines. Spines of femur strong. The head-

plate is covered posteriorly by the first tergite . Cormocephalus Newp.

. All legs excepting the last with tarsal spines ‘ , St) 8h

Posterior margin of head-plate entering a furrow of art ferrite: Tergite of

the second segment with two longitudinal sulci

Trachycormocephalus Kraep.

. Posterior margin of head-plate free, overlapping the first tergite or simply

contiguous . : 5 : : : - 10:

No spinules on the claw of terminal Tees : ; : Avihnontiaba us Poe.

Spinules of the claw of terminal legs distinct é 3 . Scolopendra L.

WO, ROMVl, 6

82 Annals of the South African Museum.

1. Fam. Crypropipar Kraep.

1903. Subfam. Cryptopinae, Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 29.

1914. Fam. Cryptopidae, Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 100.

1926. Fam. Cryptopidae, Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 375.

No eyes. Tarsi 1-19, 1-jointed, with the exception of Trigono-

eryptops (2-jointed). Sternite with transverse furrows or unpaired

longitudinal furrow, rarely with two longitudinal furrows.

Gen. Cryptors Leach.

Hitherto not a single species was recorded from South Africa,*

and therefore I was astonished to find six species, five new to science,

in the material of the Museum. New species are rarer in the Scolo-

pendromorpha than in any other group of Chilopoda, and now the

number of species of this genus is not less than in other countries

of the same size. The Palaearctic Region contains 5, Chile 4, South

America (Chile excepted) 5; the Indo-Australian Region 8 species.

I have adapted the key published by Kraepelin to receive the new

species, leaving out the groups containing purely non-South African

species.

Synopsis of the Species of Cryptops.

la. First tergite with transverse furrow . : oe

2a. First tergite with two distinct longitudinal ae S, parailele or converging in

the middle from the posterior margin , ; : a Gb I

3a. Longitudinal furrows of the first tergite parallel or sHattly convergent

through nearly the whole length of the tergite. Transverse furrow arcuate

in the middle. not or scarcely prominent posteriorly, without median

groove. Anterior margins of coxae of Nie got weakly arcuate.

Stigmata straight, long, and narrow : é : . 4.7

4a. The two longitudinal furrows of the first tergite converging cowards the

middle of the transverse furrow. Most of the tergites with distinct low

median keel; anterior border of coxae of toxicognaths thickened, without

bristles : ; trisulcatus Brél. (Pal.).

46. Longitudinal fomons running parallel 4 the transverse furrow. Median

keel of tergites wanting or indistinct; anterior border of coxae of toxi-

cognaths not thickened, and bearing bristles. : : ; 5. §

* Porat, 1871, p. 1163, records one mutilated specimen of Cryptops from

Caffraria.

+ Here also micrus Chamb., etophor Chamb. [Since this paper was written a

considerable number of species is published. I can only indicate their approxi-

mate place in this synopsis. ]

t brunneus Chamb. § rouxi Rib.

5a.

6a.

6b.

5d.

Ta.

7b.

8a.

8b.

3b.

9a.

90.

10a.

106.

lla.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 83

Head-plate with two complete oe ee furrows. Praefemur of last legs

with a longitudinal hairless area. 6.

Last tergites with median furrow. One spine at ond of ae i tet leg.

Tibia of last leg spined only on the side. Sternite of last segment cut off

straight : : é ; . haaser Att. (Australia). *

Last tergite without median palecal femur of last legs not spined below.

Tibiae of last legs spined on the outer and inner side. Sternite of last

segment rounded . . ‘ : : (1) rhodesianus n. sp. T

Longitudinal sulci of the head- oe mciernete 2 ea of last legs without

hairless area below ; i

Tibiae of last legs spined only on the outers. eh 5 saw- like teeth below

first tarsus with 2 saw-like teeth. Anterior margin of toxicognaths with

3+3 bristles ; : . aloysti-sabaudiae Silv. (Uganda)

Tibiae of last legs pned on the outside and inside, 7-15 saw-like teeth.

First tarsus with 3-6 saw-like teeth ; front margin of toxicognaths with 5-8

bristles on each coxa. : : ; : eS:

Tibiae of last legs with 13- ee saw- titke eau First tarsus with 6 saw-like

teeth. First tergite with two longitudinal sulci, the lateral arcuate furrows

beginning on the third tergite : . numidicus Luc. (North Africa).

Tibiae of last legs with 7, first tarsus with 3, saw-like teeth ; first tergite not

suleate. The lateral arcuate furrows beginning on the fourth tergite

numidicus tropicus Att. (East Africa).

The longitudinal sulci of the first tergite run from the posterior border but

mostly converge to the middle, where they cross or terminate in a groove

close to the middle of the transverse furrow, which is prominent posteriorly.

Front margin of the coxae of al oars almost straight. Stigmata oval

or rounded . 0 : : : a | Yh

Pores of the coxopleurae numerous (50 or Fote)s ronehine the posterior margin

of the coxopleurae. Last sternite truncate, the angles not rounded.

Praefemur of terminal legs generally with hairless area below, dorsal surface

not sulcate. Femur not sulcate, femur and tibia not spined

anomalans Newp.

Coxopleurae with not more than 25 pores, and these situated far from the

posterior margin. Angles of the last sternite rounded. Praefemur of last

legs generally without hairless area. Praefemur and femur sulcate above,

at least distally. Femur and tibia sometimes spined : : OME:

Second tergite not sulcate at all. Transverse furrow of sternites weaker than

the longitudinal furrow, sometimes disappearing. Praefemur and femur of

last legs with complete longitudinal furrow above. ‘Tergites with green

marginal and median bands . : : . crassipes Silv. (Argentine).

Second tergite with two distinct converging longitudinal sulci. Transverse

furrow of sternites as deep as the longitudinalfurrow. Furrow of praefemur

and femur of last legs present at the most in the distal half. Tergites

uniform yellow. : 5 Tk

Femur of last legs on the lateral and ideaian side, ‘tibia; at ieaee on the median

side with strong pointed tooth. Praefemur and femur of last legs sulcate

above in the distal half : feae Poc. (India), heathit Chamb. (Brazil).

cornifer Chamb. + sarasini Rib. t relictus Chamb., pugnans Chamb.

110.

12a.

13a.

130.

120.

l4a.

140,

2b.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Femur of last legs without teeth, tibia at most with a little blunt tooth on

the lateral side. Praefemur and femur of last legs with very short dorsal

sulcus on the top, or not suleate . ; é : ‘ ge

Praefemur and femur of last legs not sulcate ubore : : a3:

All tergites without median keel. First tarsus with 2 saw- Pile teeth, the

three basal joints of antennae with long bristles . (2) peringueyt n. sp.

Tergites from the fourth onwards with a distinct median keel accompanied by

shallow grooves. First tarsus with 4 saw-like teeth. Two basal joints of

the antennae with long bristles : ; hyalinus Sar. (U.S. America).

Praefemur and femur of last legs with short sulcus above at the top . 14.

Pores of coxopleurae more numerous (about 25) and larger. Last legs

slender, all legs with long hairs : A detectus Silv. (Chile).

Pores of coxopleurae very small and few 4 in number (about 10). Last legs

thickened ; all legs with short hairs : : bayoni Silv. (Uganda).

First tergite smooth, without longitudinal furrows (only with transverse

furrow); front margin of coxae of toxicognaths nearly straight, scarcely

notched in the middle. Stigmata oval or slit-like

anomalans Newp., spinifer Poc., bivittatus Poc., galatheae Mein.,

megalopora Haase, manni Chamb., sulcipes Chamb., neocaledonicus

Rib. (Not found in South Africa.)

. First tergite without transverse furrow : : =) ibs

. The head-plate lies over the anterior margin of he first Aspe

(3) stupendus n. sp.

. The first tergite lies over the posterior margin of the head-plate . . 16.

. Longitudinal sulci of tergites wanting or present only near the posterior and

anterior margin (interrupted in the middle) . ‘ ‘ 5 zfs

. Last tergite with complete longitudinal sulcus. Longitudinal furrow of

sternites almost disappearing. Coxopleurae arcuate and prominent at the

inner angle. Head-plate hairless, scarcely punctuate

modighani Silv. (Sumatra).

7b, Last tergite not suleate. Longitudinal furrow of sternites deep. Coxo-

pleurae not prominent on the inner angle. Head-plate weakly pubescent.

and punctuate. . : ; : : : 5) Alte)

. First tergite with Y-shaped median pileia. Last sternite truncate behind or

sinuate, the sides converging . i 5 . monilis Gerv. (Chile).

. First tergite without Y-shaped sulcus, bast sternite almost semicircular

(4) audax n. sp.

. The longitudinal sulci of the tergites, at least from the eighth segment, distinct

and complete 3 : : Is 47

. Tibia and first tarsus of ne lez without saw- like Rath

inermipes Poc. (India).

. Tibia and first tarsus with strong saw-like teeth . : : 5 AD)

. Tibia of last legs with numerous saw-like teeth aviangedy in several rows.

First tergite with Y-shaped groove : polyodontus Att. (Chatham),

. Tibia with a single row of saw-like teeth. First tergite without Y-shaped

groove : j 2s

. Femur of last legs ith 3 bostih slow: Head tetton and isternites densely

covered with short hairs ‘ 5 : F : . triserratus Att,

* pictus Rib. + mirus Chamb.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 85

216. Femur of last legs with 1 tooth or none. Head and body sparsely pubescent

22. *

22a. ‘The legs before the last pair with dispersed black spinules or bristles

galatheae Mein. ; canariensis Latz. ; niusensis Chamb.

(Not South African species.)

226. The legs before the last pair more or less densely covered with fine white

hairs . : c 2B i

23a. Transverse furrow of sternites' as Tens as ne longitudinal Laetone: the last

third of the coxopleurae not porose : : . doriae Boe (India).

236. Transverse furrow of sternites much longer than the longitudinal furrow ;

pores nearly reaching the posterior margin of the coxopleurae_. . 24.

24a. Stigmata rounded, each coxa with arcuate front margin and 3 fine bristles ;

praefemur of last legs nen and finely pubescent above, with hairless

area below . 5 : ‘ hortensis Leach (Pal.).

246. Stigmata oval, front margins of Bote coxae rectilinear, without bristles ;

praefemur of last legs with few or no hairs above, below without hairless

area, and uniformly pubescent : ; : . 25.

25a. Femur of last legs not toothed below. Tibia with 6, first far with 3, saw-

like teeth . : : , ; . (5) philammus n. sp.

256. Femur of last legs foatnedl (1 tooth) : : x PG,

26a. Tibia of last legs with 8-11, first tarsus with 4—6, saw- ia toot Moneiendivel

sulci of the tergites commencing from the fourth segment

(6) australis Newp. (Kraep.), omissus Rib.

265. Tibia with 4-9, first tarsus with 2-4, saw-like teeth. Longitudinal sulci of

tergites commencing from the fifth or sixth segment

australis var. kraepelini Att.t

17. (1) Cryptops rhodesianus n. sp.

Straw-yellow in colour. The same size as C. hortensis. Length

up to 25mm. MHead-plate with two fine longitudinal sulci running

to the anterior margin, finely punctured and pubescent. The head-

plate covers the anterior border of the first tergite. Joints 1-3 of

the antennae have long bristles ; remaining joints with short, velvety

hairs and two whorls of longer bristles. Coxae of toxicognaths with

distinct median notch and beset with short bristles. First tergite

with a transverse furrow and with two parallel longitudinal sulci

running from the transverse furrow to the posterior margin. No

longitudinal median groove. The median sulci of the second tergite

a little convergent, the sulci of the following tergites parallel. No

median keel. Outer arcuate furrows present on segments 3-18.

* Here also dilagus Arch., tahitianus Chamb., zelandicus Chamb.

+ lamprethus Chamb.

£ Kraepelin, 1908, Fauna 8.W. Australia, p. 106, records a Cryptops australis.

This seems to be a variety of the first-described form, and I have called it

variety kraepelini.

86 Annals of the South African Museum.

All tergites finely punctuate and pubescent, the last tergite with

rounded, shallow impression but not sulcate. All sternites finely

punctured and pubescent; sternites 2-19 with a cross, the longi-

tudinal furrow sharp and shorter than the transverse furrow. Last

sternite narrowed posteriorly and rounded, with scattered fine hairs.

Stigmata oval.

Legs with scattered fine hairs; praefemur and femur of legs 17-20

densely spined ventrally ; the same joints of the remaining legs with

only a few spinules. Tarsus of pair 20, 2-jointed, clothed with dense

hairs. Porose area of coxopleurae fairly broad, but not extending

to the posterior margin; the edge of the non-porose area bearing

some spines. Pores very small. Praefemur and femur with a short

longitudinal furrow on the dorsal surface, pubescent, densely spined

ventrally and laterally, spines intermixed with long hairs; praefemur

with narrow naked area. Tibia and tarsus with fine hairs as on the

femur, but more numerous. Tibia with a spine on the inside and on

the outside, the latter larger, and with eight saw-like teeth below.

First tarsus with four saw-like teeth.

Rhodesia (A. 2320).

It is the nearest relative to C. haasez Poc., but differs in wanting

the median sulcus of the last tergite, in the rounded last sternite,

in lacking a tooth at the top of the femur, and in the presence of a

tooth on the inside of the tibiae of the last legs.

18. (2) Cryptops peringuey? n. sp.

Pale yellow. Length 23 mm.; the body remarkably flat. Head--

plate not sulcate; the first three joints of the antennae with long

bristles, the remaining joints with dense, velvety hairs and one whorl

of longer bristles. Anterior margin of coxae of toxicognaths straight,

without distinct median notch and without bristles.

The head-plate covers the anterior margin of the first tergite, which

is provided with a transverse furrow ; in the middle of this transverse

furrow a short median furrow begins, diverging into two longitudinal

sulci, also divergent posteriorly. The longitudinal sulci are divergent

also on the second tergite. From the third tergite they are parallel

and entire. The exterior arcuate furrows are present on segments

3-19. Laterally to the median sulci are dispersed punctures and hairs.

No median keel. Last tergite with shallow, broad, not sulcate

depression. Sternite with a cross, distinct on the nineteenth segment,

indistinct or wanting on the twentieth. Last sternite very much

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 87

narrowed behind and rounded. Tarsi of legs 1-20 simple. Legs

1-19 with strong bristles ventrally and fine hairs dorsally. Legs

20 with fine short hairs ventrally, strong bristles laterally, fine hairs

dorsally. Porose area with few (about 20) pores; a quarter to a

third of the coxopleurae have no pores. Between the pores some

dark, strong, short spines. Posterior margin of coxopleurae straight.

Praefemur and femur of last legs densely and uniformly covered with

dark-coloured spinules ventrally ; dorsally with dispersed fine hairs.

Femur with one small ventral tooth. Joints not sulcate. Tibia

ventrally with thicker, dorsally with finer, long sparse hairs; on the

outer side distally one small tooth, six saw-like teeth, first tarsus with

two saw-like teeth.

Cape Province.—Table Mt. (7685), Signal Hill (14648), Camps

Bay (7729), Hanover (B. 827), Caledon (7372).

19. (3) Cryptops stupendus n. sp.

Uniformly straw-yellow without any green bands. Length 26 mm.

Head-plate covering the anterior margin of the first tergite, finely

punctured. No longitudinal sulci, the basal joints of the antennae

with dense and long bristles, the remaining joints with short, velvety

hair and one basal whorl of longer bristles. Margin of coxae of

toxicognaths straight, without median notch and without long

bristles. First tergite not sulcate (transverse furrow also wanting),

the median sulci beginning on the fourth segment. Ou the fourth

and fifth segments they are present only in the posterior half, from

the sixth tergite they are entire. The exterior arcuate furrows are

present in traces on the second tergite, distinct on the eighteenth

tergite and onwards. The tergites are finely punctured. Only traces

of the median keel. Last tergite not sulcate, but with shallow, broad

depression in the posterior half. Sternites 2-19 with a cross, the

transverse furrow much longer than the longitudinal furrow. Sternite

20 not sulcate ; sternite 21 narrowed posteriorly, rounded, and tongue-

shaped with dispersed hairs. Stigmata much elongated, oval.

Tarsi 1-19, 1-jointed ; tarsus 20, 2-jointed. Femur and tibia of

20 clothed ventrally with dense, velvety hairs; tarsus with bristles.

Legs 1-19 almost hairless. Porose area not extending to the posterior

margin; strip not bearing pores fairly broad: the posterior margin

of the coxopleurae straight, with some bristles. Joints of last legs

not suleate; praefemur clothed ventrally with dense, short, dark-

coloured spinules, without free area in the middle ; femur with a few

88 Annals of the South African Museum.

bristles and one little spine below. Tibia with eight, first tarsus with

two, saw-like teeth.

Grotto, Table Mt. (B. 964).

This species is remarkable for the combination of these two char-

acters: (1) first tergite covered in front by the head-plate, and (2)

the absence of the transverse furrow. All other species with the first

tergite covered by the head-plate have a well-developed transverse

furrow on the first tergite (“ Halsringfurche ’’).

20. (4) Cryptops audaz n. sp.

Similar in colour to C. hortensis, a uniform reddish-brown or yellow.

Length 25 mm. Head-plate not sulcate, but richly punctuate and

pubescent. The first two or three joints of the antennae with long

bristles, the remainder with dense, short hairs and one basal whorl

of longer bristles, the transition being gradual. Anterior margin of

coxae of toxicognaths straight, and beset laterally with one or two

bristles. First tergite covering posterior margin of head-plate ;

transverse or Y-shaped furrow wanting. Median sulci beginning on

tergites 7-11, and present up to tergites 19 or 20. They are short,

and run from the posterior margin; on the posterior segments they

are one-third as long as the tergite. Exterior arcuate furrows present

on segments 3-19. Last tergite not sulcate. Sternites 2-18 or 19

with a cross, the longitudinal furrow deep and distinct up to the

nineteenth sternite, the transverse furrow shallow, arcuate, indistinct

on the posterior segments. Sternites strongly punctured and hairy.

Last sternite narrowed posteriorly and evenly rounded, nearly semi:

circular ; the surface with scattered, the margins with denser, hairs.

Stigmata small, elongated and oval. Porose area not extending to

the posterior margin ; non-porose strip small. The pores of medium

size. Coxopleurae straight-cut at the top, with dispersed hairs

laterally.

Legs hairy, not spined; the pairs before the last densely and

uniformly pubescent all round. Last pair not spined and not sulcate

above; praefemur with dense and uniformly distributed bristles

below ; femur without hairless area. All joints in general uniformly

and densely covered with bristles, femur provided ventrally with

one pointed tooth, tibia with 6-8, first tarsus with three saw-like

teeth.

Cape Province.—Table Mt., Newlands Slope (7697), Kalk Bay

(150116), Houw Hoek (7353), St. James (150100), St. James (7717),

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 89

Simonstown (7722, 7728, B. 1001), River Zonder End (5273), Mossel

Bay (1617), Caledon (14651).

21. (5) Cryptops philammus n. sp.

Head-plate strongly punctured and hairy, the posterior margin

covered by the first tergite. First joint of the antennae with longish

bristles: from the second joint dense, short hairs and one basal

whorl of longer bristles. Anterior margin of the coxae of the toxi-

cognaths rectilinear without median notch, the whole surface with

dispersed bristles. First and second tergites not sulcate; third and

fourth tergites with short median sulci near the posterior margin.

Tergites 5-19 with complete median sulci. Exterior arcuate furrows

present on segments 3 or 4 to 17 or 18. Last tergite not sulcate,

with shallow depression. All tergites punctuate. Sternites 2-18

with a cross, the transverse furrow much longer than the deep and

distinct but abbreviated longitudinal furrow. Sternite 19 with

transverse furrow. Sternites 20 and 21 not sulcate. Sternites

thickly punctured. Sternite 21 narrowed and rounded. Stigmata

elongated, oval.

Legs sparsely and finely pubescent. Femur of twentieth pair

provided ventrally with a felt of dense, short hairs; the remaining

joints of this pair not so densely pubescent. Porose area consisting

of relatively few pores, the last near to the posterior margin. Last

leg dorsally sparsely pubescent and not spined; femur dorsally

almost hairless, ventrally not spined. Praefemur and femur ventrally

wedge-shaped, blunt, with regularly disposed strong bristles. Tibia

with six, first tarsus with three, saw-like teeth.

Cape Province.—Gt. Winterhoek (B. 2246, B. 2271), Kalk Bay

(150116), Table Mt. (4096).

22. (6) Cryptops australis Newp.

1845. Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xix, p. 408.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 58.

1915. Ribaut, Arch. Zool. Expér., lv, p. 336.

1923. Ribaut, Nova Caledonia, iil, p. 35.

Dark brownish-yellow. Length 30 mm. and more, breadth up

to 3 mm.; the largest South African species of Cryptops. Head-

plate not sulcate, punctate, covered by the first tergite. First

joint of the antenna with scattered bristles. Second and following

joints with dense, short hairs. Anterior margin of coxae of the

90 Annals of the South African Museum.

toxicognaths rectilinear, without median notch and without long

bristles. The whole surface punctured and hairy. Tergites densely

_and finely punctured. Tergites 1-3 not sulcate, the median sulci

and the exterior arcuate furrows complete in the fourth segment.

Sternites 2-18 with a cross, only traces of this cross showing on

sternite 19. Last sternite narrowed posteriorly and straight cut,

clothed with dense hairs. Legs sparsely pubescent. Porose area

large, extending almost to the posterior margin; numerous hairs

between the pores. Praefemur, femur, and tibia densely pubescent

ventrally, not sulcate dorsally; praefemur without hairless area.

Femur with 2 (or 1 according to Kraepelin) ventral teeth. Tibia

with 10 (8-11 according to Kraepelin), first tarsus with 6 (4-5,

Kraepelin), saw-like teeth.

Cape Province.—Hogsback, Amatola Mts. (B 809).

First recorded from New Zealand (Kraep.). Australia, Loyalty Isl.,

New Hebrides, East Africa.

2. Fam. SCOLOPENDRIDAE.

1898. Fam. Scolopendridae Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 13.

1903. Subfam. Scolopendrinae Otostigminae Kraepelin, Revis. d.

Scolop., p. 29.

1907. Superfam. Scolopendrina Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.,

p. 297.

1914. Fam. Scolopendridae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 101.

1926. Fam. Scolopendridae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

Iv, p. 372. :

Eyes present. All tarsi 2-jomted. Sternites with two parallel

longitudinal sulci or not sulcate.

1. Subfam. ScOLOPENDRINAE Kraep.

1903. Subfam. Scolopendrinae Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., pp. 29,

165.

1907. Fam. Scolopendridae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 298.

1914. Subfam. Scolopendrinae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 101.

1926. Tribe Scolopendrini Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 373.

Stigmata triangular and at least the anterior angle pointed, parallel

to the longitudinal axis of the body, often compressed in a dorso-

ventral direction. Tarsal spurs wanting or only one spur.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 91

Gen. SCOLOPENDRA.

23. Scolopendra morsitans L.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 250.

Cosmopolitan species found in all tropical and subtropical countries.

With Arthrorhabdus formosus the most frequent Scolopendrid in

South Africa. Collected in innumerable localities in all parts of

South Africa, from Hereroland to the Transvaal. It would be useless

to enumerate all these places.

Scolopendra picturata, S. intermedia, S. cognata, S. afzelu, S.

attenuata, S. pilosella, S. chlorocephala, S. wahlbergi, S. saltatoria,

S. vaga, S. calcarata, S. impressa Porat, 1871 and 1876, are synonyms

for S. morsitans.

24. Scolopendra subspinipes Leach.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 256.

Syn.: 1871. Scolopendra elongata Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh.,

Nr. 9, p. 1142.

One specimen (No. 7528) is labelled: Port Elizabeth—“‘ in packing-

cases from India.” There is no doubt that this specimen was im-

ported into South Africa from its true habitat India. Living speci-

mens have been imported into several European ports, e.g. Hamburg.

Porat recorded S. elongata from Caffraria.

Gen. ARTHRORHABDUS.

25. Arthrorhabdus formosus Poc.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 221.

Syn.: 1893. Arthrorhabdus <interveniens Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak.

Handl., xvi, p. 46.

Very common in the south-west districts of South Africa, Great

Bushmanland, Namaqualand, Cape Province. Nearly as common as

Scolopendra morsitans.

Grobbelaar says: “ This species is very common in the dry Karroo

districts of the Cape Colony. Its distribution beyond the Orange

River into the Orange Free State and the Transvaal is very sparse.

It is also found in Natal.”

An enumeration of all the localities where it was found would have

as little value as in the case of Scolopendra morsitans.

92 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. TRACHYCORMOCEPHALUS.

Key to the Species of Trachycormocephalus.

la. Last tergite without median sulcus. Only the last tergite bordered laterally.

Claw of last legs with spurs. (Antennae 17-jointed, joints 5 and 6 hairless)

afer (Mein.).

16. Last tergite with median sulcus. The tergites are bordered laterally from the

seventeenth to the nineteenth segment. Claw of last legs withoutspurs 2.

2a. Antennae short, reaching the posterior margin of the second segment, 19-jointed,

8-11 basal joints hairless. Coxopleurae with 3-5 joints, the posterior

margin with 1 spine. Femur of last legs with more than 1 spine; ventro-

externally 6-8, ventro-internally 6-8, dorso-internally 5-6 (rarely 3) spines

mirabilis (Por.).

2b. Antennae long, reaching the posterior border of the fifth segment, 17-jointed,

4-5 basal joints hairless. Coxopleurae 2-jointed, no spine on the posterior

margin. Femur of last legs less spined; ventro-externally 2-3, ventro-

internally 2-3, dorso-internally 3 spines . : : occidentalis Att.

Trachycormocephalus mirabilis (Por.).

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 219.

Kraepelin, having examined both types, states that Cormocephalus

acanthophorus Kohlrausch (Arch. f. Naturg., 1881, p. 89) (not acan-

thopterus, as Kraepelin writes) is synonymous with Trachycormo-

cephalus mirabilis Porat. Porat (1893, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., iv,

p- 16) identified four specimens from the Cape Peninsula as Cor-

mocephalus acanthophorus Kohlr., but we must question the correct-

ness of this determination. The characteristics of all “ Cormocephalus ”’

and their allies were very vaguely fixed before Kraepelin’s revision,

and as a relatively large number of true Cormocephalus live in South

Africa, as we now know, and the area of Trachycormocephalus mira-

bilis extends from East Africa and Zanzibar to Egypt and Mesopo-

tamia, but not further southwards, we can safely presume that Porat

had before him some species of Cormocephalus, and not Trachy-

cormocephalus mirabilis. This latter cannot be considered a member

of the South African fauna. Perhaps Porat’s specimens are identical

with the following species :

26. Lrachycormocephalus occidentalis Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 14.

Great Namaqualand, Keetmanshoop, Kubub (Schultze), Kuibis,

Farm Voigtsland near Windhoek (Michaelsen).

This species is not represented in the Museum collection.

Three species of Tvrachycormocephalus are described: the two

quoted above, and Trachycormocephalus afer from Zanzibar and East

Africa.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 93

Gen. HEMICORMOCEPHALUS.

27. Hemicormocephalus multispinus Kraep.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 211.

Krantzkop, Natal (B. 3392), Howick, Natal (A. 32414), Mt. Aylfi

(13487), Cape.

Recorded from Durban by Kraepelin.

Gen. CoRMOCEPHALUS Newp.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 184.

1908. Kraepelin, Fauna 8.W. Austral., p. 110.

This genus is one of the most difficult of all Scolopendridae to deal

with on account of its great uniformity on the one hand, and the

great variability of all distinctive characters on the other hand, as

stated by Kraepelin. South Africa contains a relatively large number

of species, of which six are described here as new.

la.

3b.

6a.

6b.

1b.

7a.

Key to the South African Species of Cormocephalus.

Second and third tergites, and generally also the following tergites to the

sixth or seventh, without complete longitudinal median sulci. (Abbreviated

sulci sometimes present on these segments) . ; : : 5) | Om

. Last tergite with one median sulcus . : : : (1) pontifex n. sp.

. Last tergite not sulcate . l ; SeEatOs

. Head-plate with two abbreviated metas are and icine? Teel plates, 5-6

basal joints of the antennae hairless : é ; : : pga

. Second and third tergites without median sulci. Sternites roughly punctate

esulcatus Poe. (Australia).

. Second and third tergites with short median sulci in front; sternites not

punctate . . : Os

. The porose area of the saonlewras does not ee the posterior margin. Claw

of last legs with spurs. Spines of praefemur ventro-externally 2-2 or 2-3,

ventro-internally and internally 6-10 : . (2) esulcatus schultzer Att.

The porose area of the coxopleurae reaches the posterior margin. Last legs

without claw-spurs. Praefemur with spines: ventro-externally 1-1 or 1-2,

ventro-internally and internally 3-4 . (3) esulcatus capensis n. subsp.

Head-plate without median sulci and without basal Eee 3-4 basal joints

of antennae hairless : : 5. 1;

The margination of the tergites hepins on the sore segment. The marginal

furrow outlining the border oblique in front, further from the sides in front

than behind, especially on segments 3-6 . : 5 (4) punctatus Por.

The margination begins on segments 8-14. The marginal furrow parallel to

the sides as usual . : : : . (5) pseudopunctatus Kraep.

The complete median sulci een on the second tergite 5 be Uh

The porose area of the coxopleurae abbreviated, not or hardly extecdine the

posterior end of the sternite; a broad strip of the posterior end of the

coxopleurae remaining non-porose . . . : : : 5

8a.

8b.

9a.

9b.

10a.

106.

Annals of the South African Museum.

First tergite with two fine longitudinal sulci beginning on the posterior

margin and passing beyond the middle. The 6 basal joints of the antennae

hairless, Coxopleurae with one lateral spine. Claw of last leg with spurs.

Spines of praefemur ventro-externally 2-2 to 3-3, ventro-internally 2-3

(7) oligoporus Kraep.

First tergite without fine sulci in the posterior half, sometimes with very

short, deep furrows beginning on the anterior margin j c o &

Praefemur of last legs long and slender, with 4-5 to 5-5 spines on the ventro-

external, and 14 spines on the ventro-internal, aspect. Coxopleurae with

one lateral spine. Claw of last legs with spurs (9) multispinosus Att.

Praefemur of last legs shorter and stouter, with 2—2 to 3-3 spines on the ventro-

external, and 2 or 3 spines on the ventro-internal, aspect . 10.

No spurs on the claw of the last legs. Tarsi of last legs of ¢ aensele pubescent

(6) setiger Por.

Claw of last legs with spurs, tarsi not pubescent in either sex

(8) michaelseni Att.

. The porose area of the coxopleurae extending to the posterior margin or nearly

so, exceeding the posterior margin of the sternite. The non-porose strip

behind, if present, very small j 5 j : : 6 Ill

lla. The emargination of the tergites begins on sceneries (2)3-7 . é a. WY,

12a, Praefemur, femur, and tibia of last legs exceptionally thickened, roughly

punctate, flattened dorsally . : F : (10) cupipes Poe.

126. Last legs thickened, but not so strongly, aid not or very slightly punctate

(11) dispar Por.

116. The emargination begins on segments 10-15 : : : é lic:

13a. Last tergite without median sulcus. ! F : ‘ : alias

14a. Last legs with claw-spurs . : a NE

15a. 5-6 basal joints of antennae hairless, praetor of last eae ots more numer-

ous spines on the ventro-external surface than usual. Inner and outer

spines meeting in an arcuate line on the base of the praefemur. Body olive-

green or brown. ; . (12) calcaratus Por.

156. 9 basal joints of oagrmmne Ane Besiommn with 2-2 to 3-3 spines on

ventro-external aspect. Body a uniform clay-yellow

(13) aeruginosus n. sp.

146, Last legs without claw-spurs. . : 5 : 3 5G.

16a. 54, 6, or 7 basal joints of antennae hairless. . (14) witilies nitidus Att.

166. 9-14 basal joints hairless . : ; : (15) nitidus calvus n. subsp.

136. Last tergite with one median sulcus . : 5 lz.

17a. Last legs with claw-spurs. (Generally 11- 16, voaely 8 or 9, basal joints of

antennae hairless. Body olive-green, head and first tergite reddish)

(16) anceps anceps Por.

176. Claws of last legs without spurs : lise

18a. 9-15 basal joints of antennae hairless (generally, anifoem yellee Bar sometimes

coloured as in anceps) . : : : (17) anceps segnis n. subsp.

186. 6-7 basal joints of antennae hairless . ; 5 5 Ie),

19a. Clay-yellow, the emargination of the tergites pepiaiine’: on the fifteenth

segment ; ; j ; (18) brevicornis Kraep.

196. Olive-brown to yellow ; head! first forsee and last segments reddish. The

emargination of the tergites begins on the seventh to ninth segment

(19) elegans Kraep.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 95

28. (1) Cormocephalus pontifex n. sp.

Colour uniform clay-yellow. Length to 40 mm. Head-plate

with longitudinal sulci and basal plates, not visibly punctate. An-

tennae 17-jointed, 4-6 basal joints hairless. 4-+4 teeth on the coxae

of toxicognaths, the three inner teeth of each side more approximate

but not fused. First tergite not sulcate. The complete median

sulci beginning on the second to fifth segment. (I observed sulci

in segments 2, 4, 5 only; the material is not sufficient to ascer-

tain the norm.) Last tergite with one median sulcus. The lateral

borders beginning on the tenth to twelfth segment. Sternites 2-20

with median sulci, smooth, not punctate. Legs 1-20 with claw-

spurs. Coxopleurae with one lateral spine. The porose area is short,

and as far as one can see does not extend beyond the sternite ;

one large strip on the top of the coxopleurae is non-porose. Process

long and slender, 2-pointed. Spines of praefemur of last legs 1-2, 2-1,

or 2-2, 2-2, or (22), 4:2. Last legs without claw-spurs.

Vryburg, Bechuanaland (137, 62).

29. (2) Cormocephalus esulcatus schultzer Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 13.

Kubub, Gt. Namaqualand.

30. (3) Cormocephalus esulcatus capensis n. subsp.

Head-plate and first tergite densely punctate, the head with fine

abbreviated longitudinal sulci and basal plates. Antennae 17-

jointed, five basal joints hairless. 4-+4 teeth on the coxae of toxi-

cognaths; the three inner teeth of each side fused. First tergite

not sulcate. Second and third tergite with short, sharp sulci in

front. Fourth to sixth segments with interrupted sulci, seventh and

following with complete sulci. The lateral borders begin on the

twelfth segment. Last tergite without sulcus. All tergites from

the second weakly punctate. Sternites smooth, 2-20 with median

sulci; last sternite a little longer than broad, not sulcate. Porose

area of coxopleurae broad, much broader than the non-porose part,

and extending to the posterior margin far beyond the sternite. Pro-

cess very short, bearing two points. No lateral spine. Praefemur

and femur of last legs thick, rounded. Spines of praefemur very small,

1, 2, 2, 1, or 2, 2, 2,2; there are also 2-4 small spines on the interior

and dorsal surface. Edge spine minute. No claw-spurs.

Cape Province.—Kogmans Kloof, Ashton (1677), Caledon (14653).

96 Annals of the South African Museum.

31. (4) Cormocephalus punctatus Por.

1871. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 1160.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 194.

The best characters by which to distinguish this species are the

marginal furrows limiting the lateral borders. These furrows turn

towards the middle in front of each segment, deviating from the

lateral margin. In the other species they are parallel to the lateral

margin in front of the segment also.

Korokoro, Basutoland (13764) ; Howick, Natal (A.23414) ; Johannes-

burg, Transvaal (7006).

Kraepelin records it from “ The Cape.”

32. (5) Cormocephalus pseudopunctatus Kraep.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 194.

According to Kraepelin the median sulci are complete from the

eighth or ninth segment. I observed them to be complete from the

sixth or fifth segment. Praefemur of last legs with 3, 3, 3, 3, or 3, 3,

3, 4, or 3, 4, 3, 3 spines, claw-spurs present. Three basal joints of

antennae hairless. Tergites bordered from the twelfth.

Transvaal.—Johannesburg (150169). Natal—Howick (A. 23414);

Krantzkop (B. 3392). Cape Province-—Griqualand, Mt. Ayliff

(13487) ; Port Elizabeth (Kraep.); Enon (A. 2328).

33. (6) Cormocephalus setiger Por.

1871. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 1158.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 204.

Head-plate densely but not roughly punctate. The abbreviated

median sulci distinct, basal plates distinct. Antennae 17-jointed,

six basal joints hairless. Teeth of toxicognaths 4+4, the coxae

punctate in the same manner as the head-plate. First tergite not

suleate, tergites 2-20 with complete median sulci. Last tergite

suleate. Lateral borders beginning from the eighth to sixteenth

segment; sternites 2-20 with median sulci. Porose area of coxo-

pleurae narrow, especially behind, and not extending to the posterior

margin nor passing beyond the sternite. There is a large border to

the coxopleurae behind a porous area, generally no lateral spine,

sometimes one spine. Praefemur of last legs hollowed out ventrally,

round the groove are 1-2 minute spines. On the ventro-external

aspect 2+2, rarely 3+3 spines; ventro-internally 2, internally 2.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 97

The edge spine bifid. The tarsi of last legs of the g densely

covered with short hairs. Nearly all specimens examined have

pubescent tarsi, but Kraepelin states that the tarsi are not always

pubescent. Perhaps the specimens with pubescent tarsi are males,

as I stated in the case of Rhadinoscytalis.

Cape Province.—Table Mt., Camps Bay (7641) ; Pacalttsdorp (7529) ;

River Zonder End (B. 5271); Redhouse (B. 977) ; Mossel Bay (1620).

Natal.—Merebank, near Durban (150186). Rhodesia.—Salisbury (B.

2288). Transvaal.—Florida (4055). Port Elizabeth, Cape Town

(Kraep.).

34. (7) Cormocephalus oligoporus Kraep.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 205.

I have only a little to add to the description of Kraepelin. The

fine sulci from the posterior margin to the middle of the first tergite

are an excellent character, and all my specimens show them distinctly.

Kraepelin says that they are generally (“ meist’”’) present. The

lateral borders begin, according to Kraepelin, on the twelfth or

thirteenth segment; in my specimens they begin on these segments

or later ones, and continue to the nineteenth. Spines of praefemur

2, 2, 2, 2, or 2, 2, 2, 3, or 3, 3, 2, 2.* Claw-spurs present or wanting.

Vryburg, Cape (13769, 13749). Vlagkop (7774) ; Goas (B. 1006) ;

Choaberib (B. 1011), 8.W. Africa. South Rhodesia (7464). LHier-

fontein, Cape (A. 23343). Swakopmund (Kraep.); Omaruru, Keet-

manshoop, Neudamm near Windhoek (Michaelsen).

35. (8) Cormocephalus insulanus Att.

1922. C. michaelsena Attems [non Kraepelin], Mitt. Hamburg. Wiss.

Aust. Hamburg. Studienreise, 1911, p. 98.

Colour uniform brownish-yellow. Length to 58 mm., width 4 mm.

Head-plate with two fine abbreviated longitudinal sulci; basal plates

visible. Antennae 17-jointed. Six basal joints hairless. Maxilli-

pedes with 4+4 teeth. The punctation of the head-plate, dorsum

and maxillipedes very shallow. First tergite not sulcate, the complete

sulci beginning on the second tergite ; the lateral margination begin-

ning on the twelfth to seventeenth segment. Last tergite with

median sulcus. Porose area of the coxopleurae relatively short, not

extending beyond the last sternite; the broad terminal strip of the

coxae non-porose. Coxopleural process bifid, without lateral spine ;

* Signifies three spines in two rows on the ventro-external aspect of the left

leg, two spines in two rows on the right leg.

VOL. XXVI. 7

98 Annals of the South African Museum.

sternite of the last legs narrowed posteriorly, the angles rounded.

Praefemur of the last legs with two longitudinal rows of 1-3 spines

ventro-externally ; numbers observed: 2, 3 | aS ay | 2, 2;

a) | Me DS B\, Wy | 1, 2. (The vertical line separates the numbers for

the left and right leg.) On the ventro-internal and internal side

5-6 spines ; above, two spines. Superior angular spine bifid. Last legs

not especially incrassate and not pubescent. Two claw-spurs present.

Penguin Island, near Liideritzbucht, S.W. Africa (Michaelsen Coll.).

36. (9) Cormocephalus multispinosus Att.

1909. Cormocephalus oligoporus multispinosus, Attems, Schultze’s

Forsch. Reise, p. 14.

Colour uniform clay-yellow. Length to 50 mm. Head-plate

with two fine, abbreviated, longitudinal sulci, and finely punctate.

Basal plates distinct. Antennae 17-joimted, 10-12 basal joints

hairless. Coxae of toxicognaths not punctate, tooth-plates long and

narrow, each coxa with 3+1—2 teeth, the inner three teeth equal in

size; the outer 1-2 teeth further separated. First tergite not sulcate,

or with two very short furrows in front. The complete median _

sulci begin on the second segment; on this segment they are some-

times interrupted in the middle for a short distance. Last tergite

with one median sulcus. The lateral borders begin on the eleventh

segment. Sternites smooth, 2-20 with median sulci. Last sternite

not long and only a little narrowed behind. The porose area of the

coxopleurae is narrow and only exceeds the sternite by a little,

not extending to the posterior margin. Process bifid, lateral spine

present. Last legs relatively slender. Spines of praefemur on the

ventro-external side 5, 5; ventro-internal and internal 15-16;

above 4-5. The edge bearing a bifid spine. In the number of spines

this species resembles calcaratus, and here as there the outer and

inner spines meet at the base. All legs, including the last, with

claw-spurs.

Cape Province—Namies, Gr. Bushmanland (7540); Vryburg

(13748, 138770) ; Concordia, Namaqualand (7535); Worcester (7438).

South-west Africa——Nonchas to Areb (B. 1015); Namutoni (B.

5311); Otjituo (B. 4115); Grootfontein (B. 4118); Windhoek (B.

4122). First recorded from Kamaggas, Little Namaqualand, Oka-

handja, Tsumeb, Grootfontein, Kuibis, Windhoek and neighbourhood

(Farm Paulinenhof, Farm Voigtsland, Neudamm); Brakwater

(Michaelsen), South-west Africa.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 99

37. (10) Cormocephalus cupipes Poc.

1891. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), vii, p. 64.

Length 50 mm.; width 3 mm. Head-plate with abbreviated

median sulci and distinct basal plates ; eight basal joints of antennae

hairless. Tooth-plate of toxicognaths short, broader at the base

than long. Teeth 3+3. Tergites 2-20 with complete median sulci.

Last tergite with one median sulcus. Lateral borders from the

second (Pocock says from the seventh) segment. Last sternite long

and narrow, narrowed posteriorly, the median furrow distinct. First

stigma short and fairly round. Last legs strongly incrassate through-

out. The porose area narrow, but extending to the posterior margin.

Process short, bifid, no lateral spine. Praefemur, femur, and tibia

above and below densely and roughly punctate, the tarsi more

weakly punctate; praefemur, femur, and tibia flattened above. The

margins of this flat surface raised into fine edges. Kraepelin thought

that Pocock had described a deformity of Cormocephalus dispar

when describing C. cupipes, but the characters drawn from the last

legs are constant and very remarkable, and hold good for distinguish-

ing this species. Spines of praefemur ventro-externally 2, 2, ventro-

internally 2, internally 2, above 2; edge spine bifid.

Durban, Natal (1597); Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa

(6021).

- Pocock records it from the same locality.

38. (11) Cormocephalus dispar Por.

1871. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 1155.

1901. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 202.

Syn.: 1871. Cormocephalus longicornis, Porat, loc. cit., p. 1159.

Out of ten specimens the lateral margination begins on the third

segment in seven, on the second in the eighth, on the fourth in the

ninth, and on the fifth in the tenth specimen. 7-13 basal joints of

antennae hairless, but generally 9. Process of coxopleurae not spined

laterally (Kraepelin states: “ with or without lateral spine’). No

claw-spurs on the last legs (Kraepelin says: “generally without,

rarely with spurs”’). Spines of praefemur: ventro-externally 1, 2,

ventro-internally and internally 6-7; edge spine simple. Ventral

surface of the praefemur hollowed out, the spines being arranged

round the groove. Praefemur and femur punctate below. The

femur flattened above. Tarsus or both tarsus and tibia of the last

legs often clothed with soft white hairs.

100 Annals of the South African Museum.

Cape Province.—Pacaltsdorp (7392), River Zonder End (B. 4101);

Pass at Avontuur, near Storms Vlei (7333), Port St. Johns (A. 23401).

Transvaal.—(13727-13728), Acornhoek (B. 4087). Natal.—(1335).

Rhodesia.—Umtali. Transvaal, Caffraria, Madagascar (Kraep.).

39. (12) Cormocephalus calcaratus Por.

1871. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 1159.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 209.

I observed five or six hairless basal joints of the antennae (five

according to Kraepelin). First tergite with or without two short

furrows in front. The outer and inner spines on the praefemur of

last legs meet generally at the base of the joint.

Cape Province.—Cape Town (A. 23347), Table Mt., Newlands Slope

(2694) ; above Kirstenbosch (150159, 150161), Kirstenbosch (7632),

Brand Vlei, Worcester (1696), Clanwilliam (7574), Kaakadouw Pass

(7555), Baavians Kop (13752), Wellington (13499).

40. (13) Cormocephalus aeruginosus nu. sp.

Colour uniform clay-yellow. Length 55 mm.; breadth 4 mm.

Head-plate with abbreviated median sulci and basal plates. Antennae

17-jointed, nine hairless basal joints. Teeth of toxicognaths 44-4,

the three inner of each side nearly fused. Tergites 2-20 with complete

median sulci. Lateral margination beginning on the tenth to twelfth

segments. Last tergite not sulcate. Sternites 2-20 with two com-

plete median sulci; last sternite moderately long. Porose area

large, extending to posterior margin of coxopleurae; process bifid,

lateral spine present. Spines of praefemur on ventro-external side

2, 2 to 2, 3, ventro-internal 4, 5, dorso-internal 2, 3. Hdge spine

bifid. Claw-spurs present. Stigmata triangular, elongated.

Tulbagh Road Station (1530), Wellington (13499), Vredenburg ~

(13500), Cape.

41. (14) Cormocephalus nitidus Por.

1871. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., p. 1159.

1901. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 210.

Syn.: 1871. Cormocephalus victorint, Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh.,

p- 1156.

Olive-green or yellowish-green ; head, antennae, legs, and generally

also the first and the last tergite reddish. Length generally up to

80 mm. One giant specimen from East London 105 mm. Head-

plate punctate, with abbreviated median sulci and basal plates.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 101

Antennae 17-jointed, 5-7 (generally 5 or 54) basal joints hairless.

Teeth of toxicognaths 4+4. Tergites 2-20 with complete median

sulci. Lateral margination beginning on the eighth to fifteenth

segment (according to my observation, segments 8-12; according to

Kraepelin, 12-15; the discrepancies depend upon whether the ob-

server enumerates the first traces of margination or only complete

marginal borders). Last tergite not sulcate. Porose area extending

to the posterior margin; process of coxopleurae bifid, lateral spine

generally present. Number of spines of the praefemur somewhat

variable ; externally 1-5 (generally 2), ventro-internally 1-4 (gener-

ally 3). The number is often different on the two legs of the same

specimen, 2, 3| 2, 2 or 1, 1 | 2, 2. Legs 1-20 with, 21 without,

claw-spurs. Stigmata of segments 3, 5, 7 very large.

This species is very frequent in the Cape Province and Transvaal.

Kraepelin records it also from Madagascar.

42. (15) Cormocephalus nitidus calvus n. subsp.

Distinguished from the foregoing by having (9)10-14 basal joints

of the antennae hairless.

Knysna (1581), Port Elizabeth (1608), Redhouse, Port Elizabeth

(A. 2424, B. 971), Cape; Mozambique (1601, 1603).

43. (16) Cormocephalus anceps Por.

1871. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 1157.

1901. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 208.

Olive-green. Head-plate and first tergite reddish. Head-plate

with abbreviated median sulci and basal plates, generally 11-16

(rarely only 8-10) basal joints of antennae hairless. Hach coxa of

toxicognaths with 3-4 teeth. Tergites 2-20 with complete median

sulci. Lateral margination beginning on the tenth to seventeenth

segment. Last tergite with one median sulcus. Porose area extend-

ing to the posterior margin. Process of coxopleurae bifid, lateral

spine present. Praefemur of last legs with 2, 3 to 3,5 spines on the

ventro-external aspect. All legs, including the last, with claw-spurs.

Very frequent in the Cape Province, from Cape Town to Natal,

etc.; Transvaal, Johannesburg (7306) ; Salisbury (B. 2795), Rhodesia.

44. (17) Cormocephalus anceps seqnis n. subsp.

Colour generally uniform yellow or brownish, sometimes olive-brown

to green. 9-15 basal joints of antennae hairless. Head-plate with

102 Annals of the South African Museum.

median sulci and basal plates. Teeth of toxicognaths 3+3 or 4+4,

the outer teeth more distant. Tergites 2-20 with complete median

sulci. Lateral margination beginning on the ninth to sixteenth seg-

ment. Last tergite with one median sulcus, first tergite not sulcate.

Claw-spurs present on legs 1-19, generally also on leg 20, wanting on

the last pair. Spines of praefemur ventro-externally generally 3.3, but

also sometimes 2.2| 2.2, 3.2| 2.3, 3.2/2.2, 3.4|4.4, 5.3|3.3. Process

of coxopleurae bifid, lateral spine present. Porose area large, ex-

tending to the posterior margin.

Cape Province.—Modderfontein (150166), Port Elizabeth (7401,

7527, 1515), Redhouse (B. 909), Valley of Desolation, Graaff Reinet

(1670, 13469), Knysna (1581), Kogman’s Kloof (1678), French Hoek

(B. 950), Grahamstown (A. 23387), The Poort, Prince Albert (1582),

Nieuwoudtville, Onder Bokkeveld, Calvinia (7546), Hierfontein (A.

23343), Concordia, Namaqualand (7335), Kimberley (B. 4034),

Kroonstad (7478), Free State.

45. (18) Cormocephalus brevicornis Kraep.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 206.

The specimens examined have 4+4 teeth on the toxicognaths.

Kraepelin observed two or three on each side.

Salisbury (3406), Rhodesia; Leydsdorp (15516), Transvaal ;

Baviaans Kop (13724), Cape; Salisbury, Mashonaland (Kraep.).

46. (19) Cormocephalus elegans Kraep.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 206.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 13.

6-8 basal joints of antennae hairless. 3+3 or 4+4 teeth on the

toxicognaths, the inner three more or less fused. Spines of praefemur

of last legs : 2.1| 2.0 or 2.2 | 2.2, or 2.3] 3.2; last legs with claw-spurs.

The lateral margination beginning on the eighth or ninth tergite.

Last tergite with median sulcus.

Lydenburg (1629), Transvaal; Umzimkulu (A. 23382), Natal ;

River Zonder End (B. 5283), Cape; Severelela, Kalahari Lookaneng

(Schultze).

Kraepelin’s specimens were from Lydenburg. Grobbelaar records

it from Pretoria and other localities in the Transvaal and Cape

Province (Alicedale, Redhouse).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 103

Gen. CoLOBoPLEuRUS, Kraep.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 182.

Kraepelin detaches under this name two South African species from

Cormocephalus, giving the following key :—

Process of coxopleurae without spines at the end. Praefemur (=femur Kraep.)

of last legs not or hardly spined i Colobopleurus.

Process of coxopleurae with 2 (rarely 3) spines at the end. Praefemur of last

legs spined . 6 : : : ‘ ; : . Cormocephalus.

In 1908 he published a new species (inopinatus) from Australia *

with a densely spined praefemur, and dropped the second character

as a generic one. But even the first-cited character, the presence or

lack of terminal spines on the coxopleural process, is modified by the

discovery of the new species described further on, as on one side at

least one minute spine may be present. Nevertheless, I think that the

genus Colobopleurus may be retained, being differentiated from the

closely allied genus Cormocephalus in the following respects :—

Colobopleurus.—The coxopleurae are not or indistinctly protracted

on the top, and are generally not spined; rarely one minute spine

is present. The head-plate is not overlapped by the first tergite, but

the two plates meet freely.

Cormocephalus.—Process of coxopleurae distinct, bearing two or

three spines. The head-plate is overlapped by the first tergite.

The characters of Colobopleurus are as follows :—

Head-plate with two abbreviated median sulci and small basal

plates, not overlapped by the first tergite but meeting it freely.

Antennae 17-jointed, 4-10 basal joints hairless. Teeth of toxicog-

naths 4+4. Praefemur with one large tooth. Tergites 2-20 with

complete median sulci, or the sulci abbreviated on the first segments.

Last tergite with or without median sulcus. Sternites 2-20 with two

complete sulci. No tibial spines. Tibia longer than the tarsus.

Coxopleurae of last legs truncate or slightly prominent in the inner

angle, generally not spined, rarely one very minute spine. Praefemur

spined or not spined. Spine at dorsal edge of praefemur rudi-

mentary or well developed. Claw of last legs with or without

spurs. Stigmata short, triangular, nearly circular on the posterior

segments.

Distribution.—South Africa, Australia.

* Therefore the statement of Grobbelaar as to the distribution of this genus

is erroneous.

104 Annals of the South African Museum.

Key to the Species of Colobopleurus.

la. Praefemur of last legs with numerous minute spines. Last tergite with one

weak median sulcus, Claw-spurs of last legs distinct

inopinatus Kraep. (Australia).

1b. Praefemur of last legs not spined or at most with 1-3 minute spines. Last

tergite not sulcate. No claw-spurs (South Africa) . 2.

2a. 4—5 basal joints of antennae hairless dorsally ; the toothed late of the toxi-

cognaths scarcely longer than broad ; . parcespinatus Por.

2b. 6-10 basal joints hairless. The toothed plate of ah toxicognaths about twice

as long as broad. : ; os

3a. Praefemur of last legs not spined. io spine ‘at Phe die! Postenion margin of

coxopleurae truncate and straight, without any process . devylderi Por.

3b. Praefemur of last legs generally with one spine on the inside, altogether with 0-3

spines ; edge spine always present. The coxopleurae are conical and a little

prominent, generally l-spined . : : : : fontinalis n. sp.

47. Colobopleurus devylderi Por.

1893. Cormocephalus devyldert, Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl.,

Qe, 10H) co

1903. Colobopleurus devylderi, Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 183.

Kraepelin noted that 7-19 basal joints of the antennae are hairless,

I found only six.

Concordia (7536), Namaqualand.

Kraepelin records it from the same place; Grobbelaar from Nama-

qualand, Kimberley, Groenkloof, Rustenburg, Gezina, Pretoria.

48. Colobopleurus parcespinatus Por.

1893. Cormocephalus parcespinatus Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl.,

ATAU 10) Tic

1903. Colobopleurus parcespinatus Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop.,

p. 183.

On the dorsal side five basal joints of the antennae are hairless, on

the ventral side the fourth and fifth jomts are pubescent and only

joints 1-3 hairless. The praefemur of the last legs not spined, the spine

at the dorsal edge wanting also. The coxopleurae are protracted and

bluntly conical. No claw-spurs. Median sulci complete on tergites

8-20; on tergites 2-7 the sulci are interrupted, the space between the

anterior and posterior part of each sulcus diminishing gradually from

the second to the seventh tergite. Lateral margination from the

fourteenth tergite. Last tergite not sulcate.

Table Mt. (K. 7626) ; Port Elizabeth (Kraep.).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 105

49. Colobopleurus fontinalis n. sp.

Dorsum and terminal joints from the femur to the tarsus olive-

green. Head-plate, first tergite, and basal joints of legs reddish.

Head-plate with longitudinal sulci, and basal plates densely and weakly

punctate. Antennae 17-jointed; 7-9 basal joints hairless. The

toothed plate of the toxicognaths nearly twice as long as broad, with

four teeth. Basal tooth of the praefemur with small lateral knob.

The median sulci are short striae on segments two and three; they

are normally interrupted in the middle on segments 4-8, but they are

sometimes complete from the fourth and on rare occasions from the

second tergite. Lateral margination beginning on the ninth or

tenth tergite. Last tergite not sulcate. Sternites 2-20 with two

complete sulci. No claw-spurs. Coxopleurae with short, conical

prominences bearing generally one minute spine, wanting sometimes

on one leg of a pair and present on the other. Porose area large, oval,

extending nearly to the posterior margin. Spine on edge of the prae-

femur well developed; also 0-3 little spines (generally one on the

dorso-internal face).

Matjesfontein (15477), Poortjefontein in Hanover (7766), Dun-

brody (A. 23359), Burghersdorp (A. 2431), Cape; Smithfield (13776),

Orange Free State.

Gen. ASANADA.

50. Asanada brevicornis Mein.

1886. Asanada brevicornis Meinert, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xxiii,

7D, Iltehs),

1899. Asanada socotrana Pocock, Bull. Liverpool Mus., ii, p. 9.

1903. Asanada brevicornis Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 173.

Matoppo district (7468), Matabeleland, Bulawayo (B. 3361),

Rhodesia, Mazoe (A. 2322), Salisbury (B. 2291), Rhodesia; Messina

(B. 4271), N. Transvaal. Serome, Bechuanaland, Shoholle, Transvaal

(Grobbelaar).

Himalaya, Andamanen (Mein., Kraep.), Socotra (Poc.), New Guinea

(Silv.), Senegambia (Brél.).

The wide distribution of this rare species is very remarkable.

2. Subfam. OTostigMINAE Kraep.

1903. Subfam. Otostigminae Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., pp. 29, 94.

1907. Subfam. Otostigminae, Ethmostigminae, Anodontostominae,

Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 254.

106 Annals of the South African Museum.

1914. Subfam. Otostegminae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 102.

1926. Tribe Otostigmini Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 374.

Stigmata rounded and compressed in the antero-posterior direction.

Tarsal spurs generally present, sometimes two.

Gen. Ruystpa Wood.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 139.

Syn.: Ptychotrema Pet., Branchiostoma Newp., Trematoptychus

Pet.

Key to the South African Species.

la. Coxopleurae trifid, the external boundary of the porose area nearly straight.

Nineteenth pair of legs with two tarsal spurs, twentieth with one. Stigmata

oval or circular : : 2 . stuhlmanni Kraep.

1b. Coxopleurae bifid. The external bountiany of the porose area deeply sinuate.

Nineteenth pair of legs with one tarsal spur, twentieth pair with none.

First stigma ~-shaped . : : : see

2a. Coxopleurae with lateral spine, the toon spines Reine Sraetorie of last

legs with 3-4 spines ventrally and on the inside. Mandible with four teeth

(Grobbelaar) . : ; : ; s : : afra (Pet.).

2b. Coxopleurae not spined iateralle the terminal points minute. Praefemur of

last legs not spined or with 1-2 spines. Mandible with five teeth (Grobbelaar)

petersi (Por.).

51. Rhysida stuhlmanni Kraep.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 152.

Engcobo (13493), Dunbrody (13462), Cape.

Known hitherto from German East Africa and the Zambesi.

52. Rhysida petersi Por.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 153.

Syn. : 1891. Trematophychus peterst Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh.,

Nr oe lio:

Cape Province.—Cape Town (7004), Mossel Bay (7417), Dunbrody

(A. 23359, 7382), Port Elizabeth (1519, 7402), Pacaltsdorp (7391),

Doornek, Zuurberg Range, Alexandria (7412), Witteklip (7406),

Kei Road (B. 830), Amatola, near Hog’s Back (B. 938), Port Alfred

(B. 2478), Kentani, Transkei (7300), Redhouse (B. 967, 968, 970),

Smithfield (A. 23361). Orange Free State—Krugersdorp (A. 23407).

Transvaal.—Johannesburg (B. 768).

Port Elizabeth (Kraep.). S.W. and Natal, Giant Castle ; Haenerts-

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 107

burg, Zoutpansberg, District Wakkerstroom, Transvaal. Grahams-

town, Cape (Grobbelaar).

53. Rhysida afra (Pet.).

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop, p. 153.

No lateral spine on the coxopleurae, but the points at the tip of

the coxopleurae and the spines on the praefemur (two on the ventro-

external side, two on the ventro-internal) are well developed.

Transvaal.—Johannesburg (7308), 20 miles from Pietersburg,

Zoutpansberg (7486), Modderfontein (150167), Florida (B. 4063).

Transvaal, Delagoa Bay, Mozambique (Kraep.); Transvaal,

Delagoa Bay, Natal, Cape Province, etc. (Grobbelaar). Portuguese

K. Africa, Masiene, Chai Chai (6011), Inhambane (5988).

Gen. ETHMOSTIGMUs.

54. Ethmostigmus trigonopodus Leach.

1903. Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 158.

Rhodesia.—Salisbury (B. 2224), Bindura (A. 2417), Inziza (A. 2439,

A. 2440), Bulawayo (B. 3360), Matoppo (1562), Matabeleland (7466),

Umtali (B. 740). Transvaal.Shiliowane, Leydsdorp (15576).

Transvaal (Grobbelaar). Africa from Algeria, Abyssinia, to the

Cape Peninsula (Kraep.).

Gen. Atipes Imh.

1854. Alipes Imhoff, Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, i, p. 120, t. 1.

1894. Hucorybas Gerstaeker, Stettin. Ent. Zeit., xv, p. 309.

1903. Alipes Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 133.

Key to the South African Species.

la. Praefemur of last legs bearing a tooth or a cylindrical process at the base. The

keels of the tergites rounded, and only in the posterior part of the body with

numerous spinules. The spaces between the keels of the anterior and middle

segments nearly smooth . : é : calcipes Ck.

16. Praefemur of the last legs without any process. erke: keels from the third

tergite densely covered with spinules. The spaces between the keels sharply

granulated . : 3 ; F : 42s

2a. Tibia of last legs Hoes orie none as eidel as ne Posterior margin of the

porose area of the coxopleurae rectangular or bluntly angular

crotalus Gerst.

2b. Tibia posteriorly half as wide as long or a little more. Porose area with acute

angle . : : é : ‘ : 2 . grandidieri (Luc.).

108

1898.

1903.

Annals of the South African Museum.

55. Alipes calcipes Ck.

Alipes caleipes Cook, Brandtia, xvi, p. 70.

Alipes spinatus Cook, abid., p. 70.

Alpes calcipes Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 126.

Rhodesia (A. 24221).

Hitherto recorded from Quango and Angola, S.W. Africa.

1854.

1903.

56. Alipes crotalus (Gerst.).

Eucorybas crotalus Gerstaecker, Stettin. Ent. Zeit., xv, p. 312.

Alipes crotalus Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 188.

Durban (1507, 1505), Malvern (1506), Natal; Mfongosi, Zululand

(B. 4032); Uganda (B. 945). Natal (Kraep.).

1864.

1871.

SOM.

1903.

57. Alipes grandidiert (Luc.).

Eucorybas grandidiert Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., iv, (4), p. 420.

Eucorybas grandidieri Porat, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., v, (5), 1, p. 448.

Eucorybas grandidiert Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., Nr. 9,

p. 1162.

Alipes integer Cook, Brandtia, xvii, p. 70.

Alipes grandidiert Kraepelin, Revis. d. Scolop., p. 138.

Uganda (B. 946).

Cafiraria (Porat) ; Zanzibar, East Africa (Kraepelin).

1895.

1902.

1903.

1905.

1909.

1914.

1926.

2. OrDER GEOPHILOMORPHA Poc.

Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 35.

Pocock, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., xliv, v. 442.

Attems, Synopsis d. Geoph., Zool. Jahrb., xviii.

Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.

Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), ii.

Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 110.

Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 342.

As noted above, the Geophilomorpha are divided into ten families ; *

four of them are represented in the South African fauna, namely,

the Geophilidae, Oryidae, Mecistocephalidae, and Schendylidae. The

descriptions of the three families Himantariudae, Mecistocephalidae,

* Chamberlin has erected three new families, Azygethidae, Sogonidae, and

Soniphilidae, but he has not indicated how they are distinguished from the families

hitherto recognised, and it is therefore difficult to include them. The information

about the Azygethidae is so improbable that I leave out this family.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 109

and Gombregmatidae are to be found in my paper cited above on

Indo-Australian Myriopoda.

Key to the Families of Geophilomorpha.

la. Mandible with several pectinate lamellae (with or without dentate lamella) 2.

2a. Mandible with one dentate lamella besides the pectinate lamellae. Labrum

consisting of one piece. Antennae short, thick at the base, gradually

tapering ; the basal joints with short hairs, without long bristles. Para-

tergites * generally present. First maxillae withsyncoxite Himantariidae.

2b. Mandible with pectinate lamellae, but without dentate lamella 5 Peter

3a. Labrum consisting of one piece, not especially broad. The sides of the cephalic

pleura without strong edges. Coxae of first maxilla completely fused,

forming a syncoxite ; ventral pores present. Paratergites generally present.

Antennae tapering, the basal joints (and all the remaining joints) with short

hairs only. Toxicognaths small, not or hardly visible from above . Oryidae.

3b. Labrum tripartite ; one small median tooth and two broad lateral pieces with

strong edges at the sides of the cephalic pleurae. Coxae of first maxillae

meeting at the median suture. Ventral pores wanting. Paratergites

wanting. Antennae filiform, the basal joints with long bristles arranged

in more or less regular whorls. aaa very large, in great part

visible from above . : : 2 Mecistocephalidae.

16. Margin of the mandible simply beset aith one row of teeth (mandible with or

without dentate lamella) . : : : : ; ; Sn, AS

4a. Mandible with one dentate eared, (Labrum consisting of one piece.)

Antennae filiform or clubbed . : : 3 : . WSchendylidae.

4b. Mandible without a dentate lamella. : : ; 6

5a. Coxae of first maxillae completely separated, beating a dona second joint.

Claws of anterior legs provided with a strong tooth . . Neogeophilidae.

56. Coxae of first maxillae fused, each bearing a medial process and a I- or

2-jointed telopodite 5 5 4 : : F : ; eno!

6a. Labrum consisting of one piece. Antennae generally flattened at the base, and

tapering ; san ale

7a. Coxae of the last legs maa Snlagwed: eeending sometimes to the third segment

from behind. Paratergites generally present. ; Gombregmatidae.

7b. Coxae of the last legs not enlarged, never reaching beyond the last foot-bearing

segment anteriorly. Paratergites never present . Sogonidae (Chamb.).+

6b. Labrum in three parts, rarely more or less fused, well developed. The median

piece sometimes partially fused with the lateral pieces. Coxae of the last

legs not enlarged. Paratergites not present . 3 4 eS

8a. The median piece of the labrum, if present, not fused with ie lateral pieces.

In the middle the two larger and ventrally directed teeth lacking Geophilidae.

8b. Median piece of the labrum at least partially fused with the lateral. Two larger

teeth in the middle, directed more or less ventrally . Soniphilidae Chamb.t

* Paratergites: one or several rows of scutellae between the tergite and the row

of pleurites bearing the stigmata.

+ See Chamberlin, 1912, Mus. Comp. Zool., liv, p. 430.

t See Chamberlin, 1912, Canad. Ent., xliv, p. 65.

110 Annals of the South African Museum.

The general morphology of the Geophilomorpha has been made

fairly clear by many papers in the last few decades, especially by

Verhoeff’s “ Chilipoda”’ in Bronn’s Classen und Ordnungen, but I

must come back to one point concerning which I do not agree with

the views of Verhoeff, 7.e. the genital region.

In my paper, “ Die Myriopoden von Kreta,’ I have described in

detail the posterior part of the body, especially the genital region of

Bothriogaster theser (fam. Himantaridae). At that time I interpreted

the rudiment of the praegenital segment, of which only the sternite is

present, as an intercalar segment between the last pedal segment and

the only segment in the genital region (as I then thought). Further,

I described for the first time the penis of Geophilomorpha.

In the “ Synopsis der Geophiliden ” I gave a short account of the

genital region conforming with the paper of Heymons, “ Die Entwick-

lung von Scolopendra,”’ published in the meantime, and with his

interpretation of the genital region as consisting of two segments.

In Schultze’s ‘‘ Forschungsreise in 8.W. Afrika,” p. 6, I noted that

the genital appendages of the Geophilomorpha belonging to the second

segment of the genital region (the “ genital segment ’’ of Heymons)

are not homologous with the genital appendages of the Scolopendro-

morpha, of which Heymons stated that they belong to the first

segment of the genital region, 7.e. the praegenital segment; and I

explained this difference by the fact that the ancestors of both the

groups, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha, possessed genital

appendages on both segments, as the Scutigeromorpha still possess

them to-day. In the Geophilomorpha the appendages of the first

segment, and in Scolopendromorpha those of the second, have

disappeared.

In several passages of Bronn’s Classen und Ordnungen Verhoef criti-

cises my papers and opposes them, and thus I am again compelled

to describe the genital region so that the reader may understand in

what the difference between our views consists. But before doing

so I must protest once more against the manner in which Verhoeff

uses the expressions “ genital segment ’’ and “ post-genital segment.”

Heymons first explained, by the development of Scolopendra, that

the genital region, interpreted hitherto as consisting of one single

segment, is really composed of two segments; and he called the first

of these segments the praegenital, and the second the genital segment,

the latter bearing the genital aperture. Verhoeff, then, by an arbi-

trary and illogical change, gave to the praegenital segment the name of

‘‘ genital segment,” and to the genital segment (Heymons) the name

The Myriopoda of South Africa. Atal

of ‘‘ post-genital segment,” but why, heaven alone knows. Apart

from the rule of priority, the merest logic demands that we should call

the segment with the genital aperture the genital segment and not

the post-genital segment. In this paper I use the expression “ genital

segment ”’ only in the sense given it by Heymons.

A Short Description of the Genital Region.—The genital region is

connected with the preceding segment (bearing the last pair of legs)

by a soft intersegmental membrane. Dorsally only one tergite is

visible ; we have no indication as to whether this tergite is the result

of the fusion of two tergites, or whether one segment, perhaps the

praegenital segment, has completely lost its tergite, or never had a

tergite. Ventrally we can see two sternites; the praegenital sternite

does not differ much in the two sexes, is more or less oval, pubescent,

without appendages; at the sides it passes into the membranous

pleurae; behind it is connected by an intersegmental membrane

with the genital sternite. The genital segment of both sexes has a

large sternite; the ¢ has as well two large pleurae not visible in the

female. Behind this the genital segment bears the genital appendages,

and in the male the penis. In several families the male pleurae are

so large that the base of the sternite is narrowed, and in extreme cases

they meet and separate the genital and praegenital sternites completely.

Behind the genital sternite there is a declivity bounded by a sharp edge,

and this aboral plane bears the genital appendages ; in the male the

appendages are more slender and cylindrical or conical and further

apart; between them the penis is visible; in the female they are

flattened, meet in the median line, and are 1- or 2-jointed ; therefore

the statement of Verhoefi * that the Epimorpha never have distinctly

articulate appendages in the genital region of both sexes is not correct.

For the rest I described the 2-jointed genital appendages in both

sexes of Geophilomorpha (e.g. Schultze’s Forschungsreise in S.W.

Afrika, 1909) long before Verhoeff did so in 1918.

In the male the genital segment forms a blunt conical sac, passing

without boundary, suture, or fold into the neighbouring wall of the

genital segment. This sac contains the penis proper, and can be

compared to a praeputium. Dorsally the sac has a longitudinal slit,

through which passes the penis. On this point I must correct my

description in the “‘ Myriopoden von Kreta.” The opening for the

penis is not at the tip of the cone, but on its dorsal surface. The

shape of the penis is different in different genera, but in all the species

examined I found it well chitinised and well coloured, not soft and

* Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 527.

112 Annals of the South African Museum.

very pale as Verhoeff (p. 532) says. Naturally we must take large-

sized specimens to study the penis, and not minute forms. Verhoeft

maintains the view that the praegenital and the genital sternites form

together the sternite of the one segment called by him “ genital

segment,” while the sac surrounding the penis is the sternite of

the second segment called by him “ post-genital segment.” I cannot

agree with this view. The so-called post-genital sternite is nothing

else than a sac, inseparable from the part called by Verhoeff “ the

posterior half of the genital sternite.’ According to Verhoeff this

sac and the posterior half of the genital sternite belong to different

segments; in reality they are the indivisible parts of the same

segment. On the other hand, the separation between the praegenital

sternite and the genital sternite is always very distinct, and some-

times these two sternites are not even in contact, but separated

completely by the pleurae of the genital segment, as noted above. I

do not understand how anybody can foster the idea that the genital

and praegenital sternites are parts of the same sternite, after having

examined specimens of the Geophilomorpha.

Fam. Ory1pAk, Cook.*

1895. Fam. Oryidae Cook, Arrangement of Geoph., Proc. U.S.

N. Mus., xviii, pp. 65, 66.

1896. Fam. Oryidae Cook, Brandtia, vil, p. 33; vill, p. 35.

1901. Tribe Oryina Verhoef (Subfam. Himantarudae), Beitr. z. K.

Pal. Myr., xvi.

1903. Oryinae Attems, Synopsis Geoph., Zool. Jahrb., xvii, p. 198.

1908. Subfam. Oryinae (Tribe Oryiniz) Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u.

Ordn., p. 277.

1909. Subfam. Oryinae, Brdlemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), 111.

1914. Fam. Oryidae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 115.

1926. Fam. Oryidae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 353.

1. Subfam. OryInaAeE Brol.

1909. Subfam. Oryinae, Tribe Oryint Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp.

Gen., (5), ili, p. 309.

Coxae of last legs non-porose. Sternites without peculiar median

pore. Labrum consisting of one piece, completely fused in the middle

with the margin of the clypeus, shorter or longer remnants of the

* T give here a short synopsis of the whole family.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 113

suture persisting laterally, the free posterior border nearly straight,

weakly sinuate or weakly prominent and rounded in the middle,

dentate. Mandible with several pectinate lamellae. Hypopharynx

strongly developed.

Syncoxite and telopodite of the first maxillae with a pair of tactile

lobes each, covered with fine scales. Joints of telopodite free or fused.

Coxae of second maxillae forming a syncoxite without lateral pro-

minences. Telopodite 3-jointed, the claw simple or pectinate. Coxae

of toxicognaths very broad, no chitinous lines, the anterior margin

between the telopodites sinuate. The joints between coxa and

tarsungulum very short. Tarsungulum large. The claws strong, but

not surpassing the frontal margin. All joints without teeth. The

toxicognaths not visible from above. Antennae short, more or less

compressed dorso-ventrally, on the basal half with scattered short

hairs, the distal half densely pubescent. No long bristles. Head-

plate as broad as long or broader than long. The frontal sulcus

present or wanting. The basal plate extending to the sides of the

body. The tergite of the first foot-bearing segment extending to the

internal margin of the scutellum of the second segment.

Tergites with two more or less distinct longitudinal sulci and

sometimes with shallow lateral grooves. 0-3 rows of paratergites ;

scutellum and praescutellum generally separated, rarely fused. Ster-

nites very broad. Ventral pores arranged in two broad transverse

bands generally interrupted in the middle, consequently four areas of

pores. Sometimes the bands are not interrupted or are even con-

nected laterally, and a closed square of pores results. Last legs 6- or

7-jointed. Coxae small, non-porose. No terminal claw. Sternite

of the praegenital segment generally well developed (not visible in

the 2 of Asprdopleres). Tergite of genital segment distinct. Male

genital appendages 2-jointed, far apart. The penis large, blunt,

conical, visible between the appendages. Female appendages meet-

ing in the median line or nearly so, 1- or 2-jointed. Anal segment

rudimentary, no distinct tergite, all parts membranous. No

anal pores.

The Oryinae are a group with relatively few species and are incom-

pletely known (p.e. Heniorya, Pentorya, Ctenorya).

One species (Orphnaeus brevilabiatus) is widely spread in the tropics,

a counterpart to Mecistocephalus punctifrons s. lat. The remaining

species inhabit South and Central America and Africa; one genus

(Orya) reaches the Mediterranean region from Africa.

VOL. XXVI. 8

114 Annals of the South African Museum.

la.

2a.

26. 1

3a.

30.

1b.

4a.

4b.

5a.

5b.

6a.

6b.

7a.

7b.

Key to the Genera of Oryinae.

Last legs 6-jointed . ; : 5. &

Paratergites wanting Sonmplotelaat Some of antarion cierniten doneely pubescent

and with two impressions : ; . Diphtherogaster Att.

1-3 rows of paratergites. Sternites cation ne peculiarities mentioned above 3.

Claw of second maxillae hollowed out, not pectinate. No frontal sulcus.

Tergites with two longitudinal sulci : : . Notiphilides Latzel.

Claw of second maxillae pectinate. Frontal sulcus present. Tergites with

four sulci : : é : : : : 3 . Pentorya Ck.

Last legs 7-jointed . : ; : : : : : a AS

Scutellum and praescutellum fusca! (Claw of second maxillae simple. One

row of paratergites) : : : Orya, Mein.

Scutellum and praescutellum separa at ee in the middle and posterior

segments : 3 : : : : Mi Os

Claw of second asallae siete! “161 pairs of legs : : Henne Ck.

Claw of second maxillae pectinate or with lateral bristles in the basal half.

Number of pairs of legs at the most 111 . : 4 ae l68

One row of paratergites. Mandible with 4-5 tO atinerte imei Female

genital appendages 2-jointed . : : : Orphnaeus Mein.

2-3 rows of paratergites. Mandible with 7- 8 pectinate lamellae. Female

genital appendages |-jointed . : : bi idle

Middle and posterior segments with two rows oi paraterbites No frontal

sulcus. f , . Aspidopleres Porat.

Posterior segments main these rows of paratersites” frontal sulcus present

Ctenorya Ck

Gen. DIPHTHEROGASTER Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forschungsreise 8.W. Afrika, p. 16.

58. Diphtherogaster flavus Att.

1909. Attenis, loc. cit., p. 16.

N.W. Div. of Cape Province (7580), Clanwilliam (7583), Cape.

Steinkopf, Little Namaqualand (Schultze); Windhoek, Okahandja

(Michaelsen), S.W. Africa.

Gen. Orya Mein.

1870. Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., (3), vu, p. 14.

1903. Attems, Synopsis d. Geoph., Zool. Jahrb., xvii, p. 199.

1902. Saussure and Zehntner, Grandidier, Madagascar, p. 339.

Orya barbarica Gerv.

1835. Geophilus barbaricus Gervais, Mag. Zool. d. Guerin, ix,

pl. exxxiu, fig. 3.

1870. Orya barbarica Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., (3), vu, p. 16.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 115

1803. Himantarium fusatum Koch, Die Myr., 11, pp. 90, 195, fig. 212;

p. 106, fig. 213.

(Pl. XIX, figs. 465, 466; text-figs. 23-29.)

Colour brownish-yellow. Very large; up to 22 cm. (Meinert says

115-120 mm.). 97-125 pairs of legs. Head-plate with fine puncta-

tions, nearly as broad as long; frontal sulcus distinct. The first

three antennal joints with scattered hairs, nearly hairless; the

pubescence increases quickly and the seventh or eighth joint is

densely pubescent. All hairs short. No long bristles. Antennae

short, extending to the posterior margin of the first foot-bearing

cls

TEext-Fic. 23.—Orya barbarica Gerv. Labrum.

segment; awl-shaped. Clypeus regularly tessellate and pubescent.

The hairs minute ; the central part raised and fused with the labrum,

the suture between labrum and clypeus disappearing in the middle

and preserved at the sides. The labrum consists of one piece, but

near the middle two fine parallel lines are visible. Meinert calls the

labrum “ bipartite’ ; but that is incorrect, as are also his drawings.

The free border bears little close-set teeth in the centre, and longer,

sharp, curved teeth at the sides (text-fig. 23). The shaft and the

trunk of the mandible are distinctly separate. Meinert mentioned

7-8 pectinate lamellae; I observed only five (Tunis). The lamellae

are arranged on the sides. The teeth are short (text-fig. 24). The

coxal processes of the syncoxites of the first mawillae (fig. 466)

are bounded by a fold, and bear few bristles. The syncoxite has on

each side a pointed lobe covered with scales like those on a pine-

apple. Telopodite indistinctly 2-jointed, the basal joint with a broad,

116 Annals of the South African Museum.

rounded lobe turned to the dorsal side, the distal joint densely pube-

scent. The second maxillae (fig. 465) consist of the syncoxite and

the 3-jointed telopodites, which are covered with short bristles.

Terminal claw simple, spoon-shaped.

Main tergites from the third with two longitudinal sulci and a

shallow groove on the side of the sulci, slightly wrinkled, the last

ivan

TExt-FIG. 24.—Orya barbarica Gerv. Mandibles.

tergites becoming more finely granular towards the posteriorend. The

main tergites meet laterally and are sand-glass shaped in a transverse

direction ; the little intercalar tergites are therefore pointed at the

sides ; on the first segments they are nearly invisible. The sternites

are twice as broad as long, smooth, with two shallow transverse im-

pressions. The little pores are arranged in a close square, intermixed

with minute hairs confined to a bare non-reticulated spot. On the

posterior border of the sternite each hair is inserted in a little groove.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 1

Praescutellum (Psc) and scutellum (Sc) are fused (text-fig. 25).

One row of two paratergites (Ipl). The coxa is surrounded by

several sclerites, two ventral (procoxa and metacoxa, Verh.) and three

dorsal (katopleurae, Verh.). These sclerites are not all sharply separ-

ated, but are parts of the folded and flexible pleural membrane,

= ony

)

TEXtT-FIG. 25.—Orya barbarica Gerv. Sclerites of three segments dissected.

forming smaller and inconstant sclerites between the main sclerites

mentioned above. The intercalar sternites are narrow and medially

pointed. When the animal is contracted they are invisible on the

anterior and middle segments. The ventral pleurites have the same

pores as the sternites, but in smaller numbers. They bear besides

dispersed minute hairs, like the tergites (main and intercalar tergites).

The tergite of the last foot-bearing segment is large, kidney-shaped,

connected with the genital tergite by an intersegmental membrane.

This membrane passes directly into the pleurae of the genital segment,

and these pleurae pass dorsally without suture into the coxae of the

118 Annals of the South African Museum.

last legs, a true coxopleura being developed. The intersegmental

membrane is hairless in contradistinction to the tergites. The

sternite of the last foot-bearing segment is rounded behind in the 4,

and at the sides and behind the coxa a large part of the intersegmental

membrane is exposed. In the 2 the sternite is very short and broad,

and rectilinear or sinuate behind. The intercalar sternites of the last

foot-bearing segment meet under the margin of the preceding sternite.

The last legs are 7-jointed ; the coxa is non-porose, with no terminal

claw. The legs of the 3

are but slightly incras-

sate and covered with dis-

persed hairs.

The genital region has

one large tergite, densely

pubescent, rounded be-

hind (text-fig. 26). The

sternite of the praegenital

segment is short and

broad, pubescent in both

sexes. The sternite of the

genital segment of the g

(text-fig. 27) is almost

separated from the ster-

nite of the praegenital

_ segment by the large

Text-Fic. 26.—Orya barbarica Gerv. Posterior e

Gl ai Be Gloneal fene pubescent pleurae nearly

meeting in the middle

line. The genital sternite is triangular, the angles blunt. The pos-

terior border is declivous, and bears the 2-jointed genital appendages

between the gonopods; the sac of the penis is visible as a blunt

pubescent cone with a dorsal longitudinal slit beset with strong

bristles. The penis (text-fig. 28, Pen) rises out of this slit, and bears

two little pubescent cones, one on each side of the genital aperture.

In the 2 the sternite of the genital segment is very large and reaches

to the sides of the body, on account of which the pleurae are not

visible. The posterior margin is rectilinear and bears the 2-jointed

genital appendages meeting in the middle line. The second joint

is very small (text-fig. 29). The anal segment is rudimentary,

especially in the g, and soft and membranous in all its parts. We

cannot discern a tergite. The ventral side in the 9 is somewhat more

strongly chitinised.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 119

This species had been recorded previously from Tunis, Algiers,

Morocco, and the south of Spain ; later from the Mediterranean region.

TeExt-FIG. 27.—Orya barbarica Gerv. Posterior end of 3 ventral view.

Text-FIG. 28.—Orya barbarica Gerv. Gonopods and penis of 3.

The collection of the Museum contains one single specimen from

Mogador, Morocco (B. 960) with 97 pairs of legs.

120 Annals of the South African Museum.

In Tunis I found this species abundantly in many places, generally

TExtT-FIG. 29.—Orya barbarica Gerv.

Posterior end of 9, ventral view.

with 111 pairs of legs. Meinert stated 109-125 pairs ; Lucas, 118-122

pairs; Koch, 97-123 pairs.

Gen. ASPIDOPLERES Por.

1893. Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xviii.

1894. Porat, ibid., xx, p. 18.

59. Aspidopleres intercalatus Por.

1893. Orphnaeus (Aspidopleres) intercalatus Porat, Bih. Sy. Ak.

Handl., xviii, iv, pp. 7, 15.

(Pl. XIX, figs. 461-464; text-figs. 30-34.)

I am glad to be able to describe this species, which has not been

recorded since it was first described by Porat.

Colour, pale brownish-yellow; head not darkened. Length 115

mm., width 32 mm.; flattened and sharply narrowed in front and

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 121

behind. 93-105 pairs of legs. Head-plate broader than long, bluntly

conical in front, smooth, not punctate, hairless. No frontal sulcus.

Antennae awl-shaped, very thick and somewhat

compressed dorso-ventrally at the base, tapering

gradually, very short, reaching to the anterior

margin of the maxillipedes. The first six joints ,

with dorsally and laterally dispersed hairs, ven-

trally hairless, the remaining joints with dense,

minute hairs, without long bristles. Clypeus d

with moderately dense, short, and fine hairs, not

elevated in the middle. Labrum consisting of

one piece nearly completely fused with the cly-

peus, rounded and weakly prominent in the

middle, the free margin with numerous teeth, :

somewhat blunt in the middle, pointed laterally

(fig. 464). Mandible with 7-8 pectinate lamellae,

the outer 2-3 somewhat irregular and close

together. Each lamella long and slender, its

axis on that of the whole mandible. The teeth

strong and blunt (text-fig. 30). The inner lamella

does not differ in colour or size of teeth.

First maxillae (text-fig. 31) with complete syn-

coxite, the coxal processes pubescent, not separ- Fe ey ee

ated by a fold. On each side one broad lobe © gopteres eae

covered with microscopical scales (fig. 462). The Por. One pectin-

two joints of the telopodite completely fused. Bee pe

In the middle of the lateral margin a similar

lobe (Tel.l) to that on the coxa; the top of the telopodite pube-

scent. Second maxillae (fig. 461) densely pubescent in all parts.

Syncoxite, telopodite 3-jointed, short, claw pectinate in the distal

half (fig. 463). Coxae of maxillipedes (text-fig. 32) short and broad,

without chitinous lines; the anterior margin evenly sinuate. All

the joints without teeth, the first three joints of the telopodite very

short ; the tarsungulum very large, the claw very strong, but not

going beyond the frontal margin.

The first tergite has a transverse groove or excavation along its

anterior border as long as half this border, and the posterior margin

of the head-plate fits into this excavation like a condyle. Tergites

slightly wrinkled, with two shallow longitudinal grooves, no sharp

sulci. The intercalar tergites appear behind the fourth main tergite.

Sternites rectangular, broader than long, with a shallow median

122 Annals of the South African Museum.

furrow, indistinct on the anterior segments. The first sternite meets

the coxae of the maxillipedes. The intercalar sternites are visible only

in the posterior half of the body as little gussets, not meeting in

Tel.

TExt-FIG. 31.—Aspidopleres intercalatus Por. First maxilla.

TEXtT-FIG. 32.—Aspidopleres intercalatus Por. Anterior end of g, ventral surface.

the middle line. Scutellum and praescutellum not separated on the

anterior segments up to the tenth. Anterior segments with one row

of paratergites. From the eighteenth segment, a second row above

the scutellum (text-fig. 33), and from the fortieth segment the

second row is present also above the praescutellum. On the posterior

segments the second row of paratergites disappears gradually, first

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 123

the sclerites above the praescutellum, then those above the scutellum.

Stigmata elongated, oval. Ventral pores very small and numerous,

Ty:

TEXxT-FIG. 33.—Aspidopleres intercalatus Por. Twenty-sixth segment of 9.

arranged in two broad transverse bands not connected at the sides,

and each interrupted in the

middle; it would be therefore

more correct to say, arranged in

four areas (text-fig. 33). The

same pores are present on the

pleurites and tergites.

Last legs 7-jointed, moderately

incrassate inthe 2. 3 not known.

Coxae small and smooth, non-

porose. The terminal joint coni-

cal, without aclaw. (One female

in the collection has on the right

side a 6-jointed leg, the left is

regular and 7-jointed. The length

of the joints 1-6 in the two legs

is not the same, as shown in the

; ; TExt-Fic. 34.—Aspidopleres intercalatus

drawing.) Sternite broad and Por, Posterior end of Q, ventral view.

short, trapezoidal, hairless. In

the genital region of the 2 (text-fig. 34) only the sternite of the

genital segment, bearing the 2-jointed, broad, medially-meeting

124 Annals of the South African Museum.

gonopods, is visible. The sternite of the praegenital segment is not

visible. The whole genital region is almost hairless. ¢ unknown.

Namies, Gr. Bushmanland (7542), Ababis (B. 1007), S.W. Africa.

Otjiwaronga, S.W. Africa ; Omaruru, Damaraland (Poc.). Omaruru,

Kuibis, Seeheim (Michaelsen).

Gen. ORPHNAEUS Mein.

1870-71. Meinert, Myr. Mus. Haun., 1, Geoph., p. 17.

1886. Meinert, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xxiii, p. 230.

1902. Saussure, Zehnter, Grandidier, Madagascar, p. 335.

1903. Attems, Synopsis Geoph., p. 200.

1909. Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp., p. 6.

Key to the Species of Orphnaeus.

la. Sternite of last legs narrow and long ; 127 pairs of legs . mexicanus H. §.

16. Sternite of last legs short and broad; 67-113 pairs of legs. : ae:

2a. Sternite of last legs sinuate posteriorly ; 113 . of legs : bohisi Att.

2b. Sternite of last legs posteriorly truncate : : : : 5 Gk

3a. Ventral pores arranged in one closed quadrate area : brasilianus H. 8.

3b. Ventral pores arranged in four areas (except on the first segments) . . 4

4a. Ventral pores present on the posterior segments in great numbers and arranged

in four areas ; 81 pairs of legs . ; : . brevilabiatus Newp.

4b, The anterior 7 o areas of the posterior stsenites reduced to a few pores;

67-73 pairs of legs . ‘ : : : : : . meruinus Att.

60. Orphnaeus brevilabiatus Newp.

1870. Orphnaeus lividus Meinert, Myr. Mus. Haun., i, p. 19.

1886. Orphnaeus lividus Meinert, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xxiii,

p. 231.

1887. Orphnaeus brevilabiatus Haase, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 111.

1895. Orphnaeus brevilabiatus Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., pl. ii

fig. 14.

This widespread species is represented in the collection of the

Museum by a single specimen from Messina, N. Transvaal (4070).

Distribution.—Zanzibar, Cameroon, Erythrea (Abyssinia), Central

and South America, India (Java, Celebes, Flores, Borneo, Burma,

Madras, Ceylon), Japan, Kei and Aru Island, Sandwich Islands, New

Guinea, S.W. Australia, etc.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 125

61. Orphnaeus meruinus Att.

1909. Orphnaeus meruinus Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru

Exp., p. 5.

Masiene, Portuguese E. Africa (5999) 29, length 75 and 90 mm.

with 71 and 69 pairs of legs.

Distribution.—Kilimandyjaro, Meru.

Distribution of the remaining species :

Orphnaeus bohlsi Att., Paraguay.

Orphnaeus polypodus Silv.,* Paraguay.

Orphnaeus brasilianus H.8., Central and S. America (Cameroon) (?).

Orphnaeus brasilianus nigropictus Att., Madagascar, Nossi Bé.

Orphnaeus mexicanus Sauss., Mexico, Texas.

Gen. CTENORYA Ck.

1896. Cook, Brandtia, vii.

Cook published a genus Ctenorya with type species C. yombene from

East Africa, but gave no description of this species.

Later I described another species, Ctenorya sjéstedti, from Meru

(Attems, Sjostedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp., p. 7).

Gen. ParoryA Ck.

1896. Cook, Brandtia, vii, p. 33.

Cook only published the name of the type species from Texas ;

it is a nomen nudum.

Gen. Pentorya Ck.

1896. Cook, Brandtia, vu, p. 34.

Type species P. fusata Porat, Cameroon.

Gen. HentoryA Ck.

1896. Cook, Brandtia, vii, p. 34.

Type species H. longissima Ck., from Brazil; also a nomen nudum.

Gen. NoTIPHILIDES Latzel.

1880. Latzel, Zool. Anz., 111, pp. 68, 546.

1880. Latzel, Myr. Ost. Ung. Mon., 1, p. 20.

* Description inadequate.

126

Annals of the South African Museum.

1886. Meinert, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xxiii, p. 233.

1903.

Attems, Synopsis Geoph., p. 205.

Two species, V. maximiliani H. 8. and N. grandis Brél., from South

America.

2. Subfam. TREMATORYINAE Brdl.

Coxae of terminal legs with two pores each; some of the sternites

with a median pore.

1909.

Gen. TREMATORYA Brdl.

Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), vii, p. 333.

T. sternalis Brol., Chile.

1901.

1903.

1908.

1909.

1914.

1926.

1842.

1895.

1903.

1908.

ISIS)

1920.

1926.

1863.

1900.

Fam. MECISTOCEPHALIDAE Verh.

Subfam. Mecistocephalinae Verhoeff, Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr., xvi.

Subfam. Mecistocephalinae Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., pp.

166, 207.

Fam. Mecistocephalidae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.,

Daye (ale

Fam. Mecistocephalidae Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen.,

(5), iii.

Fam. Mecistocephalidae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 130.

Fam. Mecistocephalidae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d.

Zool., iv, p. 355.

Gen. MecistocePpHALUS Newp.

Mecistocephalus Newport, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, x, p. 178.

Lamnonyz Cook, Proc. U.S. N. Mus., xviii, p. 61.

Lamnonyx Attems, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., xvii, p. 210.

Lamnonyz Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., 5, i, p. 273.

Lamnonyz Silvestri, Rec. Ind. Mus., xvi, p. 49.

Mecistocephalus Chamberlin, Canad. Ent., li, p. 1894.

Mecistocephalus Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv,

p. 397.

62. Mecistocephalus insularis (Luc.)

Geopkilus insularis Lucas, Maillard, Note Ile de Réunion,

Annex 10, Tab. xxi, fig. 1.

Mecistocephalus punctifrons var. glabridorsalis Attems, Zool.

Jahrb. Syst., xii, p. 138.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 127

1914. Lamnonyx punctifrons Ribaut, Afrique Orientale, p. 17,

Tab. i, figs. 9-12; Tab. ui, figs. 13-15.

1919. Lamnonyx imsularis Silvestri, Rec. Ind. Mus., xvi, p. 55,

fig. 4.

1896. Lamnonyr togensis, Cook, Brandtia, viii, p. 39.

Mecistocephalus punctifrons Newp. in the old sense has recently

been divided into several species by Silvestri, one of them is M.

insularis (Luc.). He considers all the African specimens as Mecisto-

cephalus insularis (Luc.), and says that in M. punctifrons the angle of

the chitinous edges in the sternites is acute, while in M. insularis this

angle is either a right angle or obtuse. The drawings, fig. 3, p. 7

(L. punctifrons var. sulcicollis) and fig. 6, p. 7 (L. imsularis var.

orientalis), are quite identical, and prove clearly that this character

is valueless as the only difference between the two “ species.”’

M. msularis has reached South Africa also, but it seems to be very

rare, since only one specimen has been found, at Baviaans Kop, three

miles east of Umtali, Southern Rhodesia (13721).

Fam. SCHENDYLIDAE Ck.

1895. Fam. Schendylidae+ Ballophilidae Cook, Arrangement of

Geoph., Proc. U.S. N. Mus., No. 18.

1896. Fam. Schendylidae+ Ballophilidae Cook, Brandtia, viii, p. 36.

1901. Subfam. Geophilini, Tribe Schendylina Verhoefi, Beitr. z. K.

Pal. Myr; xvi.

1908. Fam. Schendylidae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 275.

1909. Subfam. Schendylinae Brolemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen.,

(5), ill.

1912. Fam. Schendylidae Chamberlin, Canad. Ent., xliv, p. 65.

1914. Fam. Schendylidae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 113.

1926. Fam. Schendylidae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

Iv, p. 390.

The general morphology is treated in an excellent monograph of

the Schendylinae by Brélemann and Ribaut, mentioned below, so that

I need not enlarge on it.

The sensitive spots on certain joints of the antennae (generally the

ninth and thirteenth joints), first described by me in Thalthybius and

then in other species by Brélemann and Ribaut, seem to be a speci-

ality of the Schendylidae, though not of all species. They are well

developed in all Ballophilidae and in Pectiniunguis melanostictus

(fifth and ninth joints). They are wanting in Hscaryus retusidens

128 Annals of the South African Museum.

and Escaryus sibiricus, Pectiniunguis europaeus, Pectiniunguis plurio-

dontus, Schendylurus maroccanus, Schendylurus polypus, Mesoschendyla

caledonica and Mesoschendyla monopora. Other families have not yet

been examined with regard to this character.

1. Subfam. SCHENDYLINAE.

1895. Fam. Schendylidae Cook, Arrangement of Geoph.

1896. Fam. Schendylidae Cook, Brandtia, viii, p. 26.

1901. Sectio Schendylint Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., Zool. Jahrb.,

Xviil, p. 185.

1909. Tribe Schendylini Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), i.

1914. Subfam. Schendylinae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 114.

1926. Tribe Schendylinad Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 352.

Body pale, without dark pigment. Labrum deeply sinuate and

strongly toothed. Antennae filiform. Ventral porose area not

elevated.

Distribution.—Palaearctic Region, North America, South America,

Antilles, India, West Africa, South Africa.

1. Tribe Schendylini Att.

1903. Tribe Schendylini Attems, Synop., Zool. Jahrb., xvii, p. 185.

1908. Subfam. Schendylinae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 275.

1909. Subtribe Schendylina Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen.,

(5), ll.

1911. Subtribe STEN Brélemann et Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Ent.

Hr NON 6; palo:

1912. Subicibe Chiba Brélemann et Ribaut, Monograph

Schendylina, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, (5), iv.

Coxae of last legs with one or two pores, terminal claw wanting.

Distribution.—The same as for the subfamily.

The South African genera may be distinguished by the following

key extracted from that given by Brélemann and Ribaut :-—

la. Both edges of claw of second maxillae pectinate, the teeth continuous for

nearly the whole length . ‘ : : F ans

2a. Each coxa of the last legs with one glen (and Ore) . Mesoschendyla Att.

2b. Each coxa of the last legs with two glands (and pores) . : : 3, kes

3a. The single lobes of the glands of the last coxa distinct, with short ducts dis-

charging into a common cavity, which opens by a single pore

Pectiniunguis Boll., Adenoschendyla B. R., Pleuroschendyla B. R.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 129

3b. All the glands of the last coxae homogeneous, opening by a single unramified

canal. . . ; 6 2 : é 5 s ; aie

4a. Last legs 7-jointed . ; é : : : . Schendylurus Silv.

4b. Last legs 6-jointed . : 5 é Nannophilus Ck.

1b. Claw of second maxilla simple or Meeket vith bristles contiguous only at their

bases. Haploschendyla Verh., Hydroschendyla B. R., Schendyla Bergs.

and Mein., Brachyschendyla B. RB.

Gen. MrsoscHEeNnDyLA Att.

1909. Subgen. Mesoschendyla Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 19.

1911. Gen. Mesoschendyla Brole-

mann et Ribaut, Bull.

Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 192.

1912. Gen. Mesoschendyla Bréle-

mann et Ribaut, Monogr.

Schendyl., p. 132.

Distribution.—South Africa. Two

species.

63. Mesoschendyla monopora Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch.

Reise S.W. Afr: p. 17.

Possession Island, south of Liide-

ritzbucht ; Kamaggas, Little Nama-

qualand, Liideritzbucht, and Penguin

Island, near Liideritzbucht (Michael-

sen).

64. Mesoschendyla caledonica n. sp.

(Pl. XIX, figs. 457-460 ; text-

figs. 35-38.)

Colour yellowish; the anterior

soements darker. Slender, length

65 mm.; ¢ with 83 or 85 pairs of

legs. Fiend -plate (text-fig. 35) some- Taxr-ricg. 35.—Mesoschendyla cale-

what longer than broad, narrowed donica Att. Anterior end, dorsal

in front and behind; the posterior on

margin rectilinear, with scattered punctation and hairs. Clypeus

reticulate, and several (ca. 4) irregular transverse rows of strong

bristles. Antennae tapering; the first five joints with polygonal

VOL. XXVI. 9

130 Annals of the South African Museum.

reticulation dorsally and ventrally, with two whorls of long bristles,

the small hairs beginning on the fourth joint. The groove of

the last joint shallow, with numerous papillae. First to thirteenth

joints without sense-papillae. Labrum entirely fused with the

clypeus, consisting of one piece, deeply sinuate, the whole sinus

dentate, the teeth in the middle shorter and blunter (text-fig. 36).

The dentate lamella of the mandible imperfectly divided into three

portions, with 3, 2-3, 4 teeth. These portions are partially super-

posed (text-fig. 37, fig. 459). First maxillae (text-fig. 38, fig.

457) with two pairs of soft, hairless lobes, turned completely to

}

Text-Fric. 36 —Mesoschendyla caledonica Att. Labrum,

the aboral side. Coxal process with a fold at its base. Telopodite

indistinctly 2-jointed. Some strong bristles on the coxal process

and at the end of the telopodite. Second mavxillae (fig. 457) with

syncoxite, the opening of the gland large and distinct ; the syncoxite

is connected with the pleurae by a soudure pleurocoxale empatée in

the sense of Brélemann and Ribaut. No process on the syncoxite

or telopodite; terminal claw pectinate (fig. 460). Basal plate

trapezoidal, the posterior angles distant from the sides of the body.

The maxillipedes not extending to the frontal margin; all joints

with scattered long bristles. No teeth. Coxae without chitinous

lines. Claw simple. Praebasal plate not visible.

Tergites bisulecate ; the sulci pass into a groove along the posterior

border, consequently three elevated areas result, the median of which

is narrower, the laterals broader. At the sides of the tergites long

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 131

bristles ; the rest of the body very sparsely pubescent, nearly hairless.

The sternites and pleurites of the

first 26 or 27 segments are polygon-

ally reticulated in a very remarkable Yi

manner and look as if tessellate.

The reticulation of the following

somites becomes gradually less

marked. Anterior margins of the

sternites bluntly angular, the an-

terior prominences weakly hollowed

out and the meshes of the reticula-

tion fewer. On each side of the

sternite two long bristles, the rest of

the surface with dispersed short hairs.

The porose area, from the second to

the penultimate pedal segment, cir-

cular or transversely oval in the

posterior half of the sternite. The

intercalar sternites are divided medi-

ally in the anterior third of the body.

Further back they are undivided.

Sternite of the last pedal segment

(fig. 458) very broad, with a deep

incision behind. The posterior half

densely pubescent, the same pube-

TExt-F1G. 38.—Mesoschendyla caledonica Att. First maxillae.

Text-Fia. 37.—Mesoschendyla

caledonica Att. Mandible.

scence on the posterior and inner part of the coxa and on the ventral

side of the third to fifth joints; the sixth and seventh joints with

132 Annals of the South African Museum.

dispersed long hairs. Each coxa with one large pore close to the,

margin of the sternite.

Joints 1-6 of the last leg incrassate, more so in the ¢ than in the

2, the seventh joint slender, cylindrical; the difference in the thick-

ness is consequently greater in the 3; a similar case to that of Schen-

dyla nemorensis. The seventh joint without a claw, but with two

little spines at the end, while the bristles of this joint are very long.

The top cone of the seventh joint is not separated by an articulation,

as Ribaut observed in Schendylurus attemsi.

Male genital appendages 2-jointed, with long bristles; the penis

visible between them. The appendages of the female are broad,

rounded plates meeting each other.

Caledon, Venster Ravine; Zonder End Mts. (4100).

The differences between this species and monopora are as follows :—

M. caledonica.

Pairs of legs . | 83-85.

Ventral pores present | Second to penultimate

on: d segment.

Last sternite

Praebasal plate

Deeply incised.

Not visible.

Antennae Joints 1-5 polygonally

reticulate.

The basal joints with

whorls of long bristles ;

the small hairs begin-

ning on the fourth or

fifth joint.

M. monopora.

57-68.

Second to thirtieth or

thirty- second segment.

Broadly rounded.

Visible.

Only the first joint re-

ticulated.

The small hairs begin-

ning on the first joint

and the bristles incon-

spicuous.

Gen. SCHENDYLURUS Silv.

1907. Silvestri, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., xxiv, p. 245.

1911. Brélemann et Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 192.

1912. Brdlemann et Ribaut, Monogr. Schendyl., p. 113.

1914. Chamberlin, Chil. Brasil, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lviii, p. 196.

Brélemann and Ribaut distinguish two subgenera :

Subgen. ScHENDYLURUs Brél. et Rib.

1912. Brélemann et Ribaut, Monogr. Schendyl., p. 115.

Ventral pores present only in the anterior half of the body.

Teeth

of the labrum all contiguous at the base, the form changing gradually

from the median to the lateral teeth.

Distribution.—Africa : North Africa (Morocco), South Africa.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 13:

Subgen. PLuToscHENDYLURUS Brél. et Rib.

1912. Brdlemann et Ribaut, Monogr. Schendyl., p. 114.

Ventral pores present in the anterior and posterior half of the body.

The lateral teeth of the labrum distant from each other, hooked, and

very different in form from the median teeth.

Distribution.—America.

In contradiction to their own diagnosis the authors put Schendylurus

liiderwaldi (with ventral pores only on the first thirteen segments)

into the subgenus Plutoschendylurus. I think it is better not to

divide the genus Schendylurus, because, if we put S. luderwaldi simply

into the subgenus Schendylurus, this subgenus would not be uniform,

and it seems not convenient to me to make a third subgenus for

S. liiderwaldi, the differences between the species of the whole genus

not showing clearly the common origin of two or three groups of

species.

Key to the Species of Schendylurus.

la. Last legs with praetarsus, a little setiferous cone. Ventral porose area cir-

cular, present only in the anterior half of the body . : ; ees

2a. The lateral teeth of the labrum of the same length and form as the median

teeth. Ventral pores present up to the twentieth segment. Last legs of

6 incrassate, the seventh joint abruptly thinner than the sixth joint. Beside

the last praetergite a well-developed pleurite : : attemsi Verh,

2b. The lateral teeth of the labrum very different in length and form from the

median teeth. Ventral pores present up to the twenty-first segment.

Last legs in both sexes nearly equal, not incrassate in the g, the seventh

joint nearly as thick as the sixth joint. Beside the last praetergite no

pleurite : : : : A ; : : maroccanus Att.

1b. Last legs without praetarsus : : 6 6 BE

3a. Ventral pores present only in the anterior fal of the Bode, a : a4:

4a, The ventral pores of sternites 2-13 are divided into three areas. 41 pairs of

legs. (South America) . : é . __ liiderwaldi Brél. et Rib.

4b. The ventral porose area is not divided : 5.

5a. 6 and Q with 53 pairs of legs. The last joint of the Test eee of the rt and Q

thick and conical, its base as thick as the end of the sixth joint. The

labrum partially separated by a slit from the clypeal margin. Labral

sinus shallow, labral teeth short and blunt : . australis Silv.

5b. § with 69, 2 with 77 pairs of legs. The last coin of the last legs of

the 2 cylindrical, and abruptly thinner than the sixth joint

polypus n. sp.

3b. Ventral pores present in the anterior and posterior half of the body so @

6a. First sternite with porose area. The area on sternites 19-42 is divided

tropicus Brél. et Rib.

6b. First sternite without porose area 7.

134 Annals of the South African Museum.

7a. All porose areas undivided : : 6 5

8a. Sternites without prominences on the postaneern margin ni arid without grooves

on the anterior margin. 47 pairs of legs : . lesnei Brél. et Rib.

8b. Several sternites with a prominence on the posterior margin and a groove

on the anterior margin . : ae Os

9a. The antennae three times as ine as ihe head: The second tarsus of the last

legs longer and thinner than the first tarsus. 47 pairs of legs

perditus Chamb.

9b. The antennae twice or less as long as the head. The second tarsus as long and

thick as the first tarsus. 37 pairs of legs : : . bakert Chamb.

7b. Several porose areas divided into two é : : 5 A . 10.

10a. Labrum with 30 teeth. 65 pairs of legs. ‘ . gounelli Brol.

10d. Labrum with 12 teeth. 81 pairs of legs . ; eerieei Brél. et Rib.

65. Schendylurus australis Silv.

1907. Silvestri, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss.

Anst., xxiv, p. 246.

1912. Brolemann et Ribaut, Monogr.

Schendyl., p. 122.

Port Elizabeth, Cape.

66. Schendylurus polypus n. sp.

(Pl. XIX, figs. 468, 469; text-figs.

39-45.)

Colour brownish-yellow. Slender.

Length 30 mm. ¢ with 69, 2 with

77 pairs of legs. Head-plate (text-

fig. 39) longer than wide, with scat- -

tered hairs; no frontal sulcus. The

first 7-8 joits of the antennae with

two whorls of long bristles ; the short

hairs increasing gradually in number ;

Text-F1c. 39.—Schendylurus poly- joints 1-13 without sense-papillae.

Bie Anterior end, dorsal C1yyeus nearly equally and polygon-

ally reticulate, with an indistinct area ;

10 long bristles disposed in an are and 3-4 bristles behind this arc.

Labrum (text-fig. 39a) deeply sinuate; the whole margin beset

with 18 strong teeth, the median teeth shorter and blunt, the lateral

arcuate and pointed. Labrum fused with the clypeal margin. The

dentate lamella of the mandible (text-fig. 40) is very indistinctly

divided into sections ; with much difficulty we can distinguish four

sections of 2-3, 3, 2, 1 teeth ; but we must note that the same animal

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 135

has 9 teeth on one and 8 teeth on the other mandible, and we therefore

cannot attribute too high a value to the number of teeth.

TEXxT-FIG. 39a.—Schendylurus polypus Att. Labrum.

First maxillae (text-fig. 41) with two pairs of soft lobes, turned

towards the oral side and visible only from this side. The lobes of

the syncoxite very short. The boundary between the joints of the

telopodite indistinct on the oral side, distinct on the aboral side.

TExt-Fic. 40.—Schendylurus Text-Fic. 41.—Schendylurus polypus Att.

polypus Att. Mandible. First maxillae,

Second maxilla (fig. 468) with undivided syncoxite. Both edges of

the claw pectinate (fig. 469). Basal plate broad, nearly as broad

behind as the following tergite ; trapezoidal. Maxillipedes (text-fig.

42) without chitinous lines; the anterior margin sinuate, all joints

without teeth. The claws, if closed, distant from the frontal margin.

Claw smooth. The pleurocoxal suture is oblique, and reaches the

lateral margin of the body after traversing three-quarters of the length

of the coxa.

136 Annals of the South African Museum.

Tergites bisulcate, hairless. Ventral side of the anterior half of

the body with polygonal reticulation ; the hairs are minute, sparse,

TEXxt-FIG. 42.—Schendylurus polypus Att. Maxillipedes.

and scarcely visible. In the posterior half of the body the hairs are

longer. On each side of the sternites two long bristles. The sternites

TExt-FIc. 43.—Schendylurus polypus Att. Fourteenth segment, ventral side.

before the last segment with two transverse rows of bristles. The

intercalar sternites in the anterior half of the body are separated by

the bluntly angular prominence on the posterior margin of the pre-

ceding segment. From the middle of the body they are undivided.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 137

All segments have a row of little bristles, becoming very large on the

last four segments. Ventral pores present on segments 2-23, the area

irregularly triangular with rounded angles and two small strips

issuing from the anterior angle in an oblique and divergent direc-

tion (text-fig. 43). The second and twenty-third segments with very

few pores. Sternite of the last legs very broad, nearly one and a half

Text-Fia. 44.— Schendylurus Text-Fia. 45.—Schendylurus polypus Att.

polypus Att. Posterior end Terminal joints of last leg of 9.

of 9, ventral view.

times as broad as long, truncate behind, laterally convex, abundantly

pubescent (text-fig. 44); the bristles of the plane surface long, on

the posterior margin short and dense.

Last legs 7-jointed (2), pubescent; the coxa with two large pores

concealed by the margin of the sternite. Hach gland with one simple

duct opening by the pore. The glands of the same side separated by

a little space. The seventh joint of the female as long as the sixth

joint, but much more slender, cylindrical, beset with dispersed long

bristles ; at the tip some short points; but the cone at the tip is not

158 Annals of the South African Museum.

separated by a line from the rest of the joint as described by Ribaut

in Schendylurus attemsi (text-fig. 45).

Triangle, Worcester (7442), Cape.

2. Tribe Escaryini Att.

1903. Tribe EHscaryint Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., Zool. Jahrb.,

Xvi, pp. 168, 186.

1908. Subfam. Escaryinae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 276.

Coxae of last legs with numerous pores. Terminal claw present.

Gen. Escaryus Ck.

Distribution.—Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions.

2. Subfam. BALLOPHILINAE Ck.

1895. Fam. Ballophilidae pt. Cook, Arrangement of Geoph., p. 69.

1896. Fam. Ballophilidae pt. Cook, Brandtia, viii, p. 26.

1903. Sectio Ballophilini Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., pp. 167, 172, 183.

1908. Subfam. Ballophilinae Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn.,

p. 276.

1909. Tribe Ballophilini Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp., (5), iii.

1914. Subfam. Ballophilinae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 114.

1926. Tribe Ballophilint Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv,

p. 353.

Well pigmented ; the ventral glands shining through the skin as

blackish spots. Anterior part of the body behind the head neck-like ©

and narrowed. Labrum weakly developed, fused with the clypeus.

The free border straight, or nearly so, never toothed in the middle,

sometimes some weak teeth at the sides. Antennae generally with

thick terminal club ; in Diplethmus the club is weak. Ventral porose

area elevated. Dentate lamella of the mandible not divided into

sections. Syncoxite of the first maxillae without lateral lobes, tele-

podite 2-jointed. The first joint with or without lateral lobe. The

syncoxite of the second maxillae sometimes with traces of an im-

perfect median suture (in Ballophilus alluaudi it is said to be complete).

Telopodite 3-jointed. Claw pectinate. Coxae of maxillipedes with or

without chitinous lines. Last legs 7-joimted, much incrassate, without

claw, coxa with one or two large pores.

Distribution.—Central and South America, Marianne Islands,

Seychelles, South Africa.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 139

Key to the Genera of Ballophilinae.

. Ventral pores arranged in two areas side by side; terminal club of antenna

weak (Mexico, Columbia) 4 : : : . Diplethmus Ck.

. Ventral pores in one single median area ; terminal club of anton thick . 2.

. Maxillipedes without chitinous lines. . 6 4 . Ballophilus Ck.

. Maxillipedes with chitinous lines . : 5 : : ‘ : 0 Ob

. Ventral porose area elliptical or oval. Sternite of last legs a little narrowed

behind, trapezoidal (Brazil, Marianne, Seychelles) 5 Thalthybius Att.

3b. Ventral porose area nearly circular, Sternite of last legs triangular (Florida)

Ttyphilus Ck.

Gen. BALLOPHILUS Ck.

1895. Cook, Arrangement of Geoph., Proc. U.S. N. Mus., xvii, p. 70.

1896. Cook, Brandtia, viii, p. 36.

1899. Cook, Geoph. Florida Keys, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., iv, p. 206.

1901. Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., p. 185.

Distribution.—East and West Africa; Java.

Hitherto six species have been described.

(1) B. alluaudi Rib.

1914. Ribaut, Afrique Orientale, p. 21.

British East Africa.

(2) B. australiae Chamb.

1920. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard, lxiv, p. 37.

Queensland. .

(3) B. braunsi Silv.

(See below.)

(4) B. clavicornis Ck.

1895. Cook, Proc. U.S. N. Mus., xvii, p. 70 (name only).

1896. Cook, Brandtia, viii, p. 37.

Liberia.

(5) B. kraepelona Att.

1907. Attems, Javan. Myr., Mitt. Mus. Hamb., xxiv, p. 92.

Java.

(6) B. neocaledonicus Rib.

1923. Ribaut, Nova Caledonia, i, p. 72.

New Caledonia.

140 Annals of the South African Museum.

(7) B. polypus Att.

1907. Attems, Javan. Myr., Mitt. Mus. Hamb., xxiv, p. 93.

Java.

(8) B. rout Rib.

1923. Ribaut, Nova Caledonia, ii, p. 78.

New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.

(9) B. maculosus (Por.).

1895. Geophilus maculosus Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xx, p. 25.

Cameroon.

The descriptions of B. clavicornis and B. maculosus are insufficient

and we cannot make use of them.

Key to the Species of ps cae

. Coxa of anal legs with one pore . : : 5 |

. 45-47 pairs of legs ; the body pale yellow ; ako pore area ofgall pied in the middle

of the sternite : ; : . kraepelini Att.

. 75 pairs of legs; the bode present chen pore area with straight posterior

margin, situated near the posterior border of the sternite . polypus Att.

. Coxa of anal legs with two pores . : : : é : 6 5) 8b

. Terminal pores present : c : 5 : : : : . 4

. Deep violet or black (Liberia, Togo) . : é : . clavicornis Ck.

. Bright ferruginous (Queensland) . : . : : australiae Chamb.

. Noterminal pores. : Ds

. The first and the last two Seuntes nettans five last pedigerou erat without

pore area : . 0

. The last joint of ‘el antenria pointede ite as flene as wile ; the contents

of the body ee ae at least in the anterior and posterior parts of the

body . : . neocaledonicus Rib.

. The last joint of the antenna conical anal Blane. as lone as wide. The contents

of the body not dark coloured . ; : ; ‘ braunsi Silv.

. The last four sternites before the last pedigerous senent without pore area_ 7.

. The contents of the body green. The last joint of the antenna one and a

half times as long as wide. The head-plate longer than wide rouxi Rib.

. The contents of the body not dark coloured. The last joint of the antenna

as long as wide. The head-plate as long as wide , . alluaudi Rib.

Ballophilus figiensis Chamb. and B. pauctpes Chamb. cannot be placed here.

67. Ballophilus braunsi Silv.

1907. Silvestri, Neue Wen. Bek. Myr., Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamb.,

xxiv, p. 244.

(Pl. XIX, fig. 467; Pl. X XV, figs. 553, 554; text-figs. 46-51.)

Colour brownish-yellow ; the ventral glands shine through the skin

as star-shaped black spots. (The animals have been preserved in

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 141

alcohol for twenty-five years; the original colour was perhaps

different.) The greatest width is in the posterior half of the body ;

behind the head is a neck-like constriction. 9 with 57-59, 2 with

51-61 pairs of legs. (Only one 2 with 51 pairs, generally 59-61 pairs.)

The club of the antenna (figs. 553, 554) is formed by the last six

joints. Joints 1-8 with two whorls of long bristles, joints 9-14 densely

pubescent with short hairs ventrally. The last joint as long as the

two preceding ones together. The different sense-hairs described in

alluaudi by Ribaut are present also in this species. Of the first kind,

viz. short, conical bristles, three are present on the dorsal side of the

ninth and thirteenth joints, situated close together on the inside. The

second kind of hair, short and cylindrical with a fine terminal point, is

Text-FiG. 46.—Ballophilus brawnsi Silv. Clypeus and labrum.

present on several joints. Here these hairs are pale, not dark coloured

as in alluaudi, and therefore inconspicuous. The material examined

is limited, and I cannot say on which segments they are wanting. I

saw them on segments 2, 3, 4, 9, 13.

The labrum is short and fused with the clypeus. The free margin

is provided laterally with one moderately distinct and one or two

rudimentary teeth ; the middle part is rectilinear and smooth (text-

fig. 46). Clypeus short, the reticulation not distinct. Two post-

antennal bristles close to the frontal margin, behind them six bristles

in an arch. First maxillae (text-fig. 47) with two bristles at the

base of the coxal process; the process hairless. The basal joint of

the telopodite with a little lateral lobe turned to the oral side.

Distal joints with one long bristle. Second maxillae: in the only

specimen examined I could not see a median suture in the coxosternum.

Ribaut found a suture in allwaudi, but possibly this observation is

an error due to a rupture during preparation. Telopodite 3-jointed ;

142 Annals of the South African Museum.

Text-Fic. 47.—Ballophilus braunsi Silv. Mavxillae.

Text-Fic. 48.—Ballophilus braunsi Silv. Text-Fic. 49.—Ballophilus braunsi

Mavxillipedes. Silv. Terminal joint of last leg

of 3.

the second joint with one, the last joint with several long bristles.

The superior edge of the claw with a broad, finely striated rim, the

inferior edge with a smaller denticulate rim (fig. 467). Maxillipedes

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 143

without chitinous lines; the lateral borders greatly divergent ; a great

part of the pleurae visible. Anterior margin round and sinuate, all

joints without teeth. Claw slender and pointed (text-fig. 48).

Tergites not sulcate, but polygonally reticulated and with irregular

rows of granules bearing one hair each. The main tergites have 4-5,

the intercalar tergites 2 rows of granules. The first, penultimate,

and last sternite without porose area, the sternite before the pen-

ultimate with few pores; sternites twice as long as broad, with fine

TExt-FIG. 50.—Ballophilus braunsi Silv. Posterior end of 3, ventral view.

polygonal reticulation. The porose area oval and transverse, elevated,

and surrounded by a ring. The intercalar sternites are contiguous,

but divided in the middle line. The whole trunk, tergites, sternites,

and pleurites abundantly pubescent. The pleurae are as described

by Ribaut in B. alluaudi. Sternites of last legs broad in front,

narrowed and truncate behind, with numerous fine hairs. Last legs

7-jointed. Coxa with two large pores. Last joint with several

bristles but without claw. Besides the normal bristles all the joints

have others arising from a knob-shaped base (text-fig. 49). Of

such bristles the coxa has 2, the trochanter 2, the praefemur 4, the

femur 6, the tibia 8, the tarsus 5-6. No terminal pores. Sternite

of the praegenital segment (text-fig. 50) broad in the g, a small

144 Annals of the South African Museum.

transverse plate in the Q (text-fig. 51); pubescent. Genital sternite

also pubescent. Male genital appendages single-jointed, joints thick,

short, conical; female appendages short, broad, medianly fused

plates.

Silvestri says in the description of B. braunsi: “Lineis chitineis

integris,’ and draws these lineae. All the specimens I saw from Cape

Province have no chitinous

lines. Nevertheless, I be-

lieve that they belong to

B. braunsi, and that the

statement of Silvestri de-

pends upon an error. All

other species of Ballophilus

hitherto known want these

lineae, and B. braunsi is

so easily recognisable by

all the characteristics that

I am sure that Silvestri’s

and my specimens belong

to the same species.

Ribaut discovered two

new species of Ballophilus from New Caledonia, and thinks that

S. braunsi, kraepelini, and polypus cannot be put in the genus Ballo-

philus as defined by Cook, the first because of having chitinous lines,

the two last because they have only one pore on the coxa of the anal

legs. With respect to B. braunsi, see above. The difference of one

pore or two pores on the anal legs is perhaps sufficient to make a>

subgenus, but not more.

Cape Province.—Table Mt., Platteklip Ravine (7876), Camps Bay

(7732), Signal Hill (150113, 150108), Gordon’s Bay, Stellenbosch Div.

(A. 23397); Houw Hoek, Caledon (7347); Wellington, Paarl Div.

(

Text-Fic. 51.—Ballophilus braunsi Silv.

Posterior end of 2, ventral view.

298); Pass at Avontuur; Storms Vlei, Swellendam (7636) ; Knysna

5256). Natal.—Howick (150171).

Fam. GEOPHILIDAE Verh.

1895. Fam. Geophilidae+ Dignathodontidae Cook, Proc. U.S. N. Mus.,

xvi, pp. 66, 71, 72.

1903. Subfam. Pectinifoliinae Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., pp. 166,

214.

1908. Subfam. Geophilinae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 274.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 145

1909. Subfam. Geophilinae Brolemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen.,

(5), 1.

1912. Fam. Geophilidae Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Har-

vard Coll., xxiv, p. 410.

1914. Fam. Geophilidae Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 124.

1926. Fam. Geophilidae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

Ven De SOM:

This family is the richest of the Geophilomorpha, and has been sub-

jected to systematic rearrangement by several authors ; how difficult

its arrangement has been is proved by the different results arrived at.

The old descriptions of the species are generally inadequate, not

taking into account the characters recognised as important to-day.

But even now, and even where we have the animals to examine, it is

often difficult to determine the natural affinities of the genera. After

having examined many forms I must change my own arrangement

published in the Indo-Austral. Myr. in some points, principally with

regard to the Chilenophilinae and Pachymerinae. First of all, I take

the family Aphilodontidae Silv. as a subfamily of the Geophilidae.

I had had no opportunity previously to examine a type of this group

and could not therefore keep it in view. The genus Geoperingueyia

is a link between the Geophilinae and Aphilodontinae, and the only

character differentiating the Aphilodontinae from all other Geophilidae

is the form of the telopodite of the maxillipedes. Besides the A philo-

dontinae I distinguish four subfamilies : Geophilinae, Dignathodontinae,

Pachymerinae, and Chilenophilinae. The last two especially are treated

here in some detail as being the most numerously represented in

the South African fauna, while the Geophilinae have only two, and

the Dignathodontinae no species in South Africa.

Key to the Subfamilies of Geophilidae.

la. Trochantero-praefemur and femur of the maxillipedes fused, the telopodite

therefore 3-jointed . y : ? . (5) Aphilodontinae Silv.

1b. The trochantero-praefemur and the feratn separate, the telopodite of the maxilli-

pedes therefore 4-jointed as usual . 5 2.

2a. One or two clypeal areas present. Pleurocoxal mitre raphing Parallel ew the

lateral margin : 5 8k

3a. Coxae of the second reailne with ‘tones fiickened eae beside ie pind opening

(4) Chilenophilinae Att.

3b. Coxae of the second maxillae without long, thickened edge. The gland

opening surrounded by a thickened ring . ; (3) Pachymerinae Att.

2b. Noclypealarea. Pleurocoxal suture running obliquely to the lateral margin 4.

VOL. XXVI. 10

146 Annals of the South African Museum.

4a, Labrum not divided into a superior and an inferior lamella; the teeth or

fringes of the median piece directed to the posterior end of the body ; body

not much narrowed anteriorly, the head often very large, at least as broad

as the middle of the body : : : : . (1) Geophilinae Brél.

4b. Labrum divided into a superior lamella forming the median piece with the teeth

directed to the anterior end of the body, and an inferior lamella forming the

lateral pieces or rudimentals. The body much narrowed anteriorly, the head

very small . : : : : : . (2) Dignathodontinae Ck.

1. Subfam. GEOPHILINAE Brdl.

1909. Subtribe Geophilina Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen.,

(5), ill.

1914. Tribe Geophilini Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 125.

1926. Subfam. Geophilinae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 360.

Head-plate generally longer than wide ; frontal sulcus often present.

No clypeal area. Labrum divided into one small, generally dentate

or fringed median piece and two larger fringed lateral pieces, rarely

more or less rudimentary. Body not remarkably narrowed in front,

the head never particularly small, often relatively large. Mandible

beset with a simple row of pectinate teeth. The telopodite of the

first maxillae nearly always distinctly 2-jointed ; in Erithophilus the

basal joint of the telopodite is coalescent with the syncoxite. Lateral

lobes present or wanting. The coxae of the second maxillae forming

a syncoxite ; the median suture persisting only in Insigniporus. The

coxae are short and have no long edge. Terminal claw generally pre-

sent, wanting in Orinophilus and Geoperingueyia. Maxillipedes with

or without chitinous lines. The pleurocoxal suture runs obliquely

to the side of the body; the maxillipedes generally do not project

beyond the frontal margin, often remaining distant from it. Tergites

generally bisulcate. Ventral pores present or wanting; if present,

generally in one indefinite band in front of the posterior margin, rarely

in one sharply circumscribed median area. Last legs generally 7-

jointed, rarely 6- or 8-jointed; in the latter case (Arenophilus) the

claw has been replaced by a bristly cylindrical joint. Terminal pores

present or wanting.

Distribution.—Palaearctic Region, North America, South America,

Japan, New Zealand, East and West Africa, Juan Fernandez.

A great part of the genera demands re-examination, the diagnoses

having been framed at a time when characters important to-day had

not yet been considered.

7b.

6b.

8a.

8b.

9a.

9b.

10a.

106.

lla.

110.

12a.

13a.

136.

14a.

146.

15a.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 147

Key to the Genera of Geophilinae.

. Tarsus of last legs 2-jointed : ; : 2.

. Last legs 8-jointed, the praetarsus being replaced i a little eylindeical Breet

joint . : . : Arenophilus Chamb., Nannocriz Chamb.

. Last legs 7-jointed, rin normal claw or without claw . : a Bt

. Coxa of last legs with two groups of glands each opening by one lapee pore,

without a strongly chitinised duct . ‘ : - Maoriella Att.

. The coxal glands with a normal, relatively lone strongly chitinised duct

opening by a pore 2 6 : : : : : : ee 5

. Sternites with tubercles or spines : 5 ie e5s

. Sternites with rounded tubercles, some of the aAteHGR ones oti a groove

near the anterior margin as in Geophilus carpophagus Chalandea Brol.

. Sternites with short pointed cones ; without groove . Hurygeophilus Verh.

. Sternites smooth, without tubercles or spines P : 21.6:

. The last two joints of the last legs abruptly cnner than the thick fifth

joint . z 2 ay ade

. First joint of the teloncaite of ie fret eres fised with the syncoxite,

The two tarsal joints of last legs thin. ; 5 Erithophilus Ck.

The first joint of the telopodite of the first maxillae not fused with the syn-

coxite. First tarsal joint of the last legs thicker than the second joint

Leptophilus Chamb.

The last joints of the last legs not abruptly thinner than the preceding joints.

The first joint of the telopodite of the first maxillae not fused with the

syncoxite, generally free, sometimes fused with the second joint . 5 kek

The median suture in the syncoxite of the second maxillae persistent . 9.

The coxae of the second maxillae completely fused, without median suture 10.

Ventral pores in 1-2 circular areas. Claw of the second maxillae simple.

The coxal pores of the last legs open into two grooves

Insigniporus Att.

No ventral pores. Claw of the second maxillae divided. The coxal pores of

the last legs open singly over the whole surface Pachymerellus Chamb.

Ventral pores wanting : 6 : ‘ : Brachygeophilus Brél.

Ventral pores present . 6 ta : 5 WU

Terminal claw of the second maxillae replied be a ae pnetle

Orinophilus Att.

Second maxillae with normal terminal claws F : ; : 5, 1%

Median piece of the labrum with short, strong teeth . : 5 los

The coxal pores of the last legs open in a groove near to the anterior corner of

the sternite . : : . Nesogeophilus Verh.

The coxal pores open fey and airectly Grerards : . . 14.

Maxillipedes with chitinous lines ; intercalar sternites not divided! Tergites

bisulcate. Telopodite of the first maxillae distinctly 2-jointed

Geophilus s. str.

Maxillipedes without chitinous lines; intercalar sternites divided in the

median line . : ~ ld:

Tergites not sulcate. The felopodits of tite tah recilee incommmleter

jointed g 6 6 : : : : . Purcellinus nov. gen.

148 Annals of the South African Museum.

15b. Tergites bisulcate. Telopodite of the first maxillae distinctly 2-jointed

Mesogeophilus Verh.

126. Median piece of the labrum fringed . 5 : : : ; 5 NG.

16a. Maxillipedes without chitinous lines. Claw of second maxillae pectinate

Geoporophilus Silv.

166. Chitinous lines present. Claw of second maxillae simple ‘ melds

17a. The coxal pores of the last legs open in 1 or 2 grooves . Clinopodes C. Koch.

176. The coxal pores open singly : 3 : Sess

18a. Lateral parts of labrum smooth, not fringed, oka of the inet legs with only

2-6 pores. : F Simophilus Silv.

185. Lateral parts of lebron paneedl Coxal pores numerous, dispersed on the

whole surface é : : ; F ee Verh.

16. Tarsus of last legs 1- pointed ; : 5 1%,

19a. Claw of the second maxillae ronleaed by a Sorstte arising fom a little knob.

The telopodite of the first maxillae distinctly 2-jointed. (Last joint of

last legs as long as the two preceding joints together. Tarsungulum of the

maxillipedes with simple claw) : : . Geoperingueyia nov. gen.

196. Second maxillae with simple, normal claws ; both joints of the telopodite of.

the first maxillae fused . : : 7205

20a. Last joint of the last legs more than twice as elon as ate fifth. Tarkunaaiern

of maxillipedes with simple claw. Sternites and tergites smooth

Apogeophilus Silv.

206. Last joint of the last legs as long as the fifth. Tarsungulum of maxillipedes

with two large teeth besides the terminal claw. Posterior sternites, tergites,

and pleurites with little papillae. : : . Dinogeophilus Silv.

Gen. PURCELLINUS nov.

Head-plate longer than wide, no clypeal area. Antennae filiform.

Labrum tripartite; the median piece strongly toothed, the lateral

pieces long and fringed. Mandible with a single row of pectinate ~

teeth. Syncoxite of the first maxillae without lateral lobes telopodite

somewhat indistinctly 2-joited, the basal jomt with minute lateral

lobe. Coxa of the second maxillae completely fused. The opening

of the gland surrounded, except on the inner side, by a thickened

rim without long chitinised edge. Coxae without lateral or median

processes. Claw simple. Maxillipedes without chitinous lines, pro-

jecting beyond the frontal margin. Basal plate broad; sternite of

the first pedal segment meeting the maxillipedes to a large extent.

Tergites not sulcate. Intercalar sternites divided in the middle line.

Ventral pores arranged in one transverse band in front of the posterior

margin, interrupted in the middle. Last legs 7-jointed. Coxa with

numerous pores opening freely and separately.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 149

68. Purcellinus robustus n. sp.

(Pl. XIX, fig. 480; Pl. XX, figs. 483-486 ; text-fig. 52.)

The larger specimens of a dark yellow colour; small specimens

pale yellow. The head-plate not much darker than the body. Length

26-28 mm., shape robust. ¢ and 2 with 39-41 pairs of legs.

Head-plate (fig. 485) much longer than wide, punctate. No

frontal sulcus. The first six antennal joints with two whorls of long

bristles, the small hairs begin-

ning on the first joint, anten-

nae filiform, tapering. The

whole clypeus with a poly-

gonal reticulation. In the

clypeal area of certain genera

the meshes are a little smaller,

but not paler in colour. Two

long bristles near the frontal

margin and two behind. The

median piece of the labrum

(fig. 480) separates the lateral

pieces, and is_ tridentate,

the teeth short, triangular.

Lateral pieces fringed, the

fringes relatively distant one

from the other and with broad :

bases. Syncoxite of the first Saas Segre aan ae

maxillae (fig. 483) without

lateral lobes, telopodite with short, finely-spined lateral lobe; coxal

process and terminal joint with several long bristles. Coxae of the

second maxillae completely fused, the interior angle not prominent

(text-fig. 52). Coxae and femur of maxillipedes (fig. 484), with dis-

persed shallow punctation, no chitinous lines; anterior margin with

two small brown teeth. Claw with one small basal tooth; the re-

maining joints not toothed. The maxillipedes extend beyond the

frontal margin. A little broad basal plate half concealed by the

head-plate. The maxillipedes are partially visible from above. The

pleurocoxal suture runs obliquely to the lateral margin, reaching it

approximately in the middle of the coxa. Only from the ventral

side is a small part of the pleurae visible.

Tergites not sulcate. Intercalar tergites with one row of short

hairs. Intercalar sternites divided, with one row of six hairs. Each

150 Annals of the South African Museum.

sternite with deep median longitudinal furrow and two bristles on

each side. Ventral pores beginning on the first segment with a little

rounded median area, further arranged in one narrow transverse

band, at first indistinctly divided in the middle, then split up into

two small portions.

Sternite of last legs (fig. 486) narrow, especially behind ; coxa with

numerous pores, leaving free the dorsal side and the posterior part of

the ventral side. Terminal claw present. Last legs of the ¢ much

incrassate, joints 1-5 ventrally densely pubescent, joint 6 less so,

joint 7 sparsely pubescent. Last legs of the 2 with a few long,

scattered hairs. Terminal pores present.

Cape Province.—Table Mt. above Kirstenbosch (150163), Newlands

Slope (7690), Platteklip Ravine (7683), Signal Hill (14647), Cape

Flats, Princess Vlei (7703), Clanwilliam Div. (7572, 7578), Caledon

(14650), Retreat, Cape Flats (7846).

Gen. GEOPERINGUEYIA nov.

Head-plate a little longer than wide; no clypeal area. Antennae

filiform. Median piece of labrum rounded and prominent, smooth.

The lateral pieces smooth, not fringed. The telopodite of the first

maxillae 2-jointed. No lateral lobes. Syncoxite of the second

maxillae without processes, the opening of the gland surrounded

by a small ring open on the inner side. Telopodite 3-jointed, the

terminal claw wanting. Maxillipedes without chitinous lines; the

pleurocoxal suture running obliquely to the lateral margin. Telo-

podite 4-jointed. Tarsungulum with simple claw. The maxillipedes _

do not reach the frontal margin. Basal plate broad, extending to the

sides of the body. Praebasal plate visible.

Tergites not sulcate. Intercalar sternites not divided. Ventral

pores inconspicuous, arranged in one ill-defined transverse band near

the posterior margin, and in a little area in front of the band. Last

legs 6-jointed, much incrassate in the g. Coxa with numerous pores

opening freely and separately. Last joint without claw in the 4,

with a claw in the 9. Terminal pores present.

69. Geoperingueyia conjungens n. sp.

(Pl. XIX, figs. 472-476.)

Colour yellowish ; head-plate chestnut. Length53mm. Broadest

in the middle, tapering equally towards the front and rear. ¢ with

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 151

55, 61, or 67, 2 with 69 pairs of legs. The difference of 12 pairs is

relatively great, but in other species I have observed still greater

variation.

Head-plate a little longer than wide, truncate in front, without

frontal sulcus, with numerous and short hairs. Antennae filiform,

the first joints with a few longer hairs arranged in whorls, the following

joints with more numerous shorter hairs. Clypeus with equal poly-

gonal reticulation and numerous long bristles, without clypeal area.

Labrum (fig. 472) well developed, but not dentate and not fringed.

The superior lamella consists of one small rounded median piece,

the inferior lamella of two transverse oval lateral pieces. Both are

smooth, and become connected in the neighbourhood of the median

sinus. Mandibles typical; the same as in other Geophilidae. First

maxillae without lateral lobes, the telopodite 2-jointed. Syncoxite

of second maxillae (fig. 476) without any trace of a median suture.

The opening of the gland surrounded on three sides by a thickened

trim. Telopodite 3-jointed, with dispersed bristles; the second joint

with one, the third joint with 4-5 longer ones; the terminal claw

replaced by one long bristle arising from a little disc (fig. 475). The

maxillipedes (fig. 474) do not reach the frontal margin. No chitinous

lines, the anterior margin sinuate, without any teeth. Telopodite

4-jointed, joints 1-3 with one large inner tooth. Tarsungulum with

a simple claw without basal tooth. Basal plate broad, extending to

the sides of the body, with convergent margins. The praebasal plate

visible.

Tergites not sulcate, the hairs numerous, but very fine and short.

The anterior sternites are a little longer than wide, the posterior square,

all hairless. The ventral pores are very small and are with difficulty

visible. They are arranged in one ill-defined band in front of the

posterior margin and in one small area near the anterior margin. The

intercalar sternites are mesially divided from the first; the first

sternite meets the maxillipedes throughout its whole width. Last

legs (fig. 473) 6-jointed, in the g much incrassate, almost club-like,

with dense and short hairs, the last joint twice as long as the fifth ;

without claw. In the 9 the last legs are slender and possess a terminal

claw. Coxa with numerous dark brown pores on the under side and

at the sides, each opening separately. Last sternite of the 3 nearly

quadrate, truncate behind, in the 2 narrowed behind. Stigmata

circular. Parascutellum very large, several times as large as the

scutellum. Terminal pores present.

Krantzkop, Natal (B. 3387) ; Grahamstown, Cape.

152 Annals of the South African Museum.

2. Subfam. DIGNATHODONTINAE Ck.

1895. Fam. Dignathodontidae Cook, Arrangement of Geoph., p. 71.

1909. Tribe Henini, Brdlemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), 1,

p. 326.

1912. Subfam. Linotaeminae Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Harvard, liv, p. 410.

1914. Tribe Dignathodontini Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 126.

1919. Fam. Scolioplanidae Verhoefi, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 519.

1926. Subfam. Dzgnathodontince Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d.

Zool., iv, p. 360.

Labrum divided into superior and inferior lamellae. The superior

lamella consisting of one large median piece, larger than the lateral

ones, dentate, the teeth directed towards the front. The inferior

lamella divided into two lateral pieces not meeting in the median

line, smooth and slender, not fringed, sometimes vanishing. Body

much narrowed in front, the head very small. Ventral pores in one

or two sharply circumscribed round areas, or wanting.

Genera: Dignathodon Mein., Henia C. Koch., Scolioplanes Mein.,

Chaetechelyne Mein., Diplochora Att. No representatives in South

Africa. :

3. Subfam. PACHYMERINAE Att.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 360.

Head-plate much longer than wide, frontal sulcus generally want-

ing. One, rarely two, clypeal areas present. The areas finely punctate

or with fine polygonal reticulation. Labrum rudimentary in Achilo-

philus, where only the fulera are present; in the other genera well

developed, the median part smooth or with short teeth, the lateral

pieces fringed or finely dentate. Mandible with a simple array of

teeth ; sometimes one strong single tooth as well.

First maxillae with syncoxite and 2-jointed telopodite, with or

without lateral lobes. The coxae of the second maxillae are broadly

and completely fused in Pachymerinus. In the other genera the

median suture persists. The opening of the coxal gland is surrounded

by a thickened rim, opening towards the median side. No long edge

as in Chilenophilinae. The pleurocoxal suture of the maxillipedes

runs parallel to the side. Chitinous lines are indistinct in Pachy-

mertum and completely wanting in the remaining genera. Tergites

generally bisulcate. Ventral pores present or wanting; when pre-

sent, in one or two round areas or in one transverse band near the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 1

posterior margin, and in two groups on the anterior half. Last legs

generally 7-jointed, seldom 6-jointed, with or without claw. Terminal

pores generally present.

Distribution.—South-west Africa, Hast Africa, Chile, Patagonia,

Mexico, Florida, Guatemala, New Zealand, Palaearctic Region,

Key to the Genera of Pachymerinae.

la. Labrum rudimentary, only the fulcra present. Coxa of last legs with one

large pore. : : Achilophilus nov. gen.

16. Labrum well developed Conn at Tat) legs with several or numerous pores 2.

2a. Tarsus of last legs 1-jointed : : : : ! Geomerinus Brél.

26. Tarsus of last legs 2-jointed ! : : : os

3a. Coxae of the second maxillae completely fused, no iedian suture . . A

4a. Telopodite of first maxillae distinctly 2-jointed. Ventral pores present. Claw

of second maxillae simple : : : : Pachymerium C. Koch.

4b. Telopodite of first maxillae undivided. No ventral pores. Claw of second

maxillae pectinate : : c : Tasmanophilus Chamb.,

3b. Coxae of second maxillae mecting by a broad bridge with persisting median

suture or by a narrow bridge : : i : : : a | By

5a. Ventral pores present :

6a. Coxae of second maxillae connected by a narrow Nppcee: Clypeal area with

polygonal reticulation . : f : . Schizotaenia Ck.

66. Coxae of second maxillae connected by a brewa bridge. Clypeal area finely

Eurytion Att.

punctate :

5b. No ventral pores. 7.

7a. Mandible with a blunt tooth Beside ike Featinate tooth dnd with divided

spines on the ventral margin . g 5 j . Pachymerinus Silv.

7b. Mandible without the described tooth : : ‘ : : 6 eh

8a. First maxillae with one or two pairs of lateral lobes. Coxa of last legs with

numerous pores opening singly on the dorsal and ventral side

Sepedonophilus Att.

8b. First maxillae without lateral lobes. Coxa of last legs with 3 lobate glands

opening under the sternite. : : : . Philogeonus Chamb.

Gen. ACHILOPHILUS nov.

One clypeal area finely punctate. Labrum rudimentary, only the

fulera present. Mandible with a simple fringe of comb-like teeth.

Syncoxite of the first maxillae without lateral lobes, the inner coxal

processes very short and broad. Telopodite distinctly 2-jointed, with

smooth lateral lobes. Coxae of the second maxillae meeting in the

median suture. Claw simple. Mavxillipedes without chitinous lines.

The pleurocoxal suture runs parallel to the sides, and does not extend

completely to the anterior margin. The notch of the trochanter

visible, femur and tibia free. Tergites bisulcate. Ventral pores

154 Annals of the South African Museum.

arranged in ill-defined areas. Intercalar sternites divided in the

middle, first sternite meeting the maxillipedes fully. Last legs

7-jointed. Coxa with one large pore. Terminal claw present. No

terminal pores.

70. Achilophilus monoporus n. sp.

(Pl. XX, fig. 482; text-figs. 53-57.)

Pale yellow, the head-plate a little or not at all darker. Length

38 mm., fairly broad; ¢ with 49-55, 2 with 55 pairs of legs. Head-

plate (text-fig. 57) longer than

wide, the greatest width in the

middle, with uniform polygonal

reticulation. No frontal sulcus.

Antennae filiform, tapering ; the

basal joints with two whorls of

long bristles, and short hairs

gradually increasing in number ;

the distal joints with short

hairs only. Clypeus (text-fig. 53)

with polygonal reticulation, the

meshes large, the clypeal area

round, finely punctate or gran-

ular, with some weak bristles ;

more bristles laterally. The in-

ferior clypeal margin blunt,

triangular, and supporting the

large fulcra, with a strong

branch directed medially. The

other parts of the labrum com-

pletely wanting. The coxae of

Text-ric. 53.—Achilophilus monoporus ts “77 e

Ne Gages caral Ieper the first maxillae (text-fig. 54)

fused ; the inner coxal processes

unusually short and broad, with some long bristles ; without lateral

lobes. Telopodite distinctly 2-jointed, the lateral lobe large, smooth

(not spined), the base broad, tapering. Terminal joint with some

long bristles. The median suture of the coxae of the second maxillae

persisting. No lateral or inner coxal processes, the claw simple

(text-fig. 55). The basal plate broad, extending to the sides of the

body, the sides convex. From above only a small triangular piece of

the maxillipedes is visible. The maxillipedes (text-fig. 56) do not

reach the frontal margin. No chitinous lines and no inner teeth,

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 155

the hairs scattered. Tarsus in ¢ (two examples) with a little basal

tooth, in 2 (two examples) without basal tooth. The claw relatively

small, the basal half with some small notches.

’

TEX1-FIG. 54.—Achilophilus monoporus Att. Mandible and first maxillae.

Text-Fic. 55.—Achilophilus monoporus Att. Maxillae.

Dorsum with polygonal reticulation; the meshes large. Tergites

bisulcate, the hairs sparse. Ventral pores present on segments 1-19

or 20; on the first sternite they are present in one little median

group, on the second in two ill-defined round areas, becoming gradu-

ally fewer to the twentieth segment, where they disappear. Inter-

calar sternites divided. Last sternite (fig. 482) very broad, broader

156 Annals of the South African Museum.

than long, trapezoidal, the posterior margin short and pubescent.

The inside of the coxa and the femur with the same pubescence. Coxa

with one large round pore, opening under the margin of the sternite.

Text-ric. 56.—Achilophilus mono- Text-Fia. 57.—Achilophilus mono-

porus Att. Maxillipedes. porus Att. Anterior end of 9.

Terminal claw present. Last legs of the 3 moderately incrassate. —

No terminal pores.

Cape Province.—Hanover (7768), Graafi Reinet (B. 800), Matjes-

fontein (13483).

Gen. GEOMERINUS Brdl.

1912. Brélemann, Rec. Austral. Mus., 1x, p. 65.

Head-plate much longer than wide. One clypeal area present.

Median piece of the labrum small, smooth, lateral pieces fringed.

Mandible with one blunt, strongly chitinised tooth in addition to the

fringe of comb-like teeth, and with spiny bristles in the ventral part.

No lateral lobes to the syncoxite of the first maxillae, the telopodite

2-jointed, the basal joint with rudimentary lateral lobe. Median

suture of second maxillae persisting ; the inner process rudimentary.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 157

No lateral teeth on the telopodite. Maxillipedes without chitinous

lines. Pleurocoxal suture running parallel to the sides. No ventral

pores. Last legs 6-jointed, with terminal claw. Coxa with numerous

pores opening separately. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—New South Wales.

One species, G. curtipes (Haase).

Gen. PAcHyMERIUM C. Koch.

1903. Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., p. 248.

1907. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 34.

1909. Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), ili, p. 338.

Head-plate much longer than wide. Frontal sulcus present or

wanting. One or two finely punctate clypeal areas. The median

piece of the labrum differing in size from the lateral pieces, with

blunt teeth; the lateral pieces fringed. First maxillae with or

without lateral lobes. Coxae of the second maxillae broadly coales-

cent. No median suture. No process on the inner angle. No

teeth on the outside of the telopodite. The large maxillipedes are in

great part visible from above and extend beyond the frontal margin.

Chitinous lines indistinct or wanting. Pleurocoxal suture parallel to

the sides of the body. Ventral pores present ; arranged in one broad

band sometimes interrupted in the middle, and generally also in two

groups near the anterior angles. Last legs 7-jointed ; terminal claw

present. Coxa with numerous pores opening freely and separately.

I doubt whether all the species from Europe, South Africa, South,

Central, and North America at present ascribed to Pachymerium

belong to this genus in its new and more restricted sense. A re-

examination is desirable.

(70a) Pachymerium tristanicum nu. sp.

(Pl. XX, figs. 489, 490; text-figs. 58-62.)

Colour pale yellow, the head-plate not much darker. Length

32 mm. Fifty-five pairs of legs (2). Head-plate (text-fig. 62)

longer than wide, with scattered long, fine hairs. No frontal sulcus.

Antennae filiform ; the first six joints with two whorls of long bristles,

which disappear gradually from the seventh joint onwards. Clypeus

polygonally reticulated. One whitish circular clypeal area with two

long bristles. The remaining clypeal bristles inconspicuous. The

158 Annals of the South African Museum.

median piece of the labrum (text-fig. 58) incompletely separated

from the lateral pieces; the median two-thirds of each lateral piece

Text-Fie. 58.—Pachymerium tristanicum Att. Labrum.

with long fringe. First maxillae (figs. 489, 490) with two pairs of

lateral lobes; the lobes of the syncoxite are smal], slender brushes.

i ~

| =

Text-FiG. 60.—Pachymerium tristanicum Att. Maxillae.

Telopodite incompletely 2-jointed, the suture indicated by a line in

the form of steps in the lateral margin. Lateral lobe of the telopodite

broad (fig. 490), finely pubescent. Coxal process and terminal joint

with some long bristles. Coxae of the second maxillae (text-fig. 60)

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 159

completely fused. The openings of the coxal glands are transverse

slits. The meshes of the polygonal reticulation are of different sizes.

The telopodite without processes. Claw simple. Basal plate trape-

zoidal, nearly as wide behind as the first tergite, with one median

longitudinal furrow. Maxillipedes (text-fig. 59) partly visible above,

and extending beyond the frontal margin as far as the middle of

TExt-FIG. 59.—Pachymerium tris- Text-Fic. 61.—-Pachymerium tristanicum Att.

tanicum Att. Maxillipedes. Posterior end, ventral surface.

the first antennal joint. Tarsus with small basal tooth. The claw

notched in the basal half. The remaining joints not toothed; the

hairs scattered. Pleurocoxal suture running parallel to the sides until

near to the condyle.

Tergites bisulcate ; smooth, with dispersed short hairs. The inter-

calar sternites are visible as broad and triangular pieces on the first

six segments; the first sternite meets the maxillipedes. Sternites

with two bristles on each side; for the rest nearly hairless. Ventral

pores arranged on the first sternite in one little rounded area; from

160 Annals of the South African Museum.

the second onwards in one broad band. In the posterior segment they

are apparently wanting (the

only specimen was not mace-

tated, and without macera-

tion the pores are not always

distinct). I saw no anterior

groups of pores. Sternites of

last legs (fig: 496) broad,

slightly narrowed and trun-

cate behind, with scattered

hairs. Last legs T-jointed,

slender (2), coxa with eight

large pores, nearly concealed

under the sternite (text-fig.

61). Terminal claw present...

Terminal pores present.

Tristan d’Acunha (13707).

I found the same species in

a garden in Valaszut, Trans-

sylvania, Hurope; a very re-

markable distribution.

This species differs from the

nearly allied species P. ferru-

gineum, P. atticum, and P.

caucasicum in the absence of

the teeth on the praefemur of

TExtT-FIG. 62.—Pachymerium tristanicum

Att. Anterior end, dorsal surface. the maxillipedes.

Gen. TASMANOPHILUS Chamb.

1920. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard, lxiv, p. 44.

One species from Tasmania.

Gen. ScHIZOTAENIA Ck.

1895. Cook, Arrangement of Geoph., p. 73.

1896. Cook, Brandtia, vi, p. 25.

1905. Silvestri, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb., vi, p. 761.

Head-plate narrow, much longer than wide; no frontal sulcus.

One circular clypeal area with polygonal reticulation. Median piece of

the labrum small, situated between the finely denticulate lateral pieces.

First maxillae without lateral lobes. Coxae of the second maxillae

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 161

connected by a narrow bridge, inner angle not prominent; tibia

without lateral process. Maxillipedes without chitinous lines.

Tergites not suleate. Ventral pores inconspicuous, arranged in two

transverse bands on the anterior half of the body. Last legs 7-jointed,

terminal claw present. Coxa with numerous pores opening separately

and freely. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—East and West Africa, South America (Chile,

Patagonia).

Gen. Eurytion Att.

1903. EHurytion Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., p. 244.

1905. EHurytion Silvestri, Fauna Chilens., p. 244.

1909. EHurytion subgen. Plateurytion Attems, Schultze’s Forsch.

Reise, p. 28.

Head-plate much longer than wide, frontal sulcus present or want-

ing. One finely punctate clypeal area. Median piece of the labrum

small, smooth, or with little blunt tubercular teeth, or fringed ;

lateral pieces fringed. First maxillae with or without lateral lobes.

Coxae of the second maxillae connected by a broad bridge, the median

suture persisting. Inner angle not prominent. Maxillipedes without

chitinous lines. Praefemur with or without inner teeth. The pleuro-

coxal suture runs parallel to the sides. Basal plate generally narrow,

rately broad. Tergites bisulcate. Ventral pores arranged in one or

two rounded areas. Last legs 7-jointed ; coxa with numerous pores

opening singly on the dorsal and ventral sides or combined into groups ;

sometimes wanting. Terminal claw present. Last sternite generally

broad, rarely (trichopus) narrow. Terminal pores present or wanting.

Distribution.—South Africa, Chile.

Key to the Species of Eurytion.

la. The anterior segments with one circular porose area, the following segments

with two areas or none : : : ‘ : 9 : Bcd:

2a. Last legs without coxal pores. ; ; : : . aporopus Att.

2b. Coxal pores on last legs present : : d : b> Gk

3a. Syncoxite of the first maxillae without ieterall Tees , ; , spies

4a. No frontal sulcus. Praefemur of maxillipedes without teeth or with one

minute tooth. South African species. : : : : sll

5a, Praefemur of maxillipedes without teeth. 81-89 pairs of legs badiceps Att.

55. Praefemur of maxillipedes generally with one small tooth near the end. 61-75

pairs of legs ‘ é : : : : : : 5) (oh

6a. Porose area of anterior sternites bireular from the twentieth segment it

is divided into two areas. Sternite of iat legs rounded ; 61 pairs of legs

kalaharinus Att.

VOL. XXVI. Wl

162 Annals of the South African Museum.

6b. Porose area of anterior sternites oval; from the twenty-sixth segment it

is divided into two areas. Last sternite truncate and narrowed behind.

71-75 pairs of legs 2 5 : dolichocephalus n. sp.

4b. Frontal sulcus present. Precioniar af ae with two large teeth.

South American species : : : eis

7a. 49 pairs of legs; only the anterior somites ain a porose area. Sulci of the

tergites very shallow . : ; : . metopias Att.

7b. 63-73 pairs of legs; the anterior seninants with one, ihe following segments

with two porose areas. Sulci of the tergites deep. 0 : iS:

Sa. Pores of the last coxae distributed over the ventral, lateral, and dorsal sides.

Terminal pores present . : 6 3 michaelseni Att.

86. The few pores of the last coxae opening anaen the sternite. No terminal

pores . : : . moderatus Att.

3b. Syncoxite of the first Faille mith Teteral ieee (South Africa) 3 o

9a. Median piece of the labrum with little tubercular teeth ; the pores of the last

coxa concealed under the sternite. Praefemur of caopaTTF Sates with two large

teeth. Last sternite very broad. @ with 69 pairs of legs . sabulosus Att.

9b. Median piece of the labrum with long fringes. The pores of the last coxa open

under the sternite, on the free surface, and along the dorsal margin . 10.

10a. Praefemur of maxillipedes with two large teeth. Porose area circular to the

twentieth segment. Sternite of last legs very broad. 4 with 73-75(79),

Q with (75)77-81 pairs of legs ‘ : . dentatus Att.

106, Praefemur of maxillipedes not toothed or with one very small tooth. Porose

area of segments 1-24 arcuate in front and irregular behind, pointed laterally;

from the twenty-fifth divided into two areas. Last sternite narrow, much

narrowed posteriorly. 4 with 65-69 pairs of legs. . trichopus n. sp.

1b. All young specimens without ventral pores ; older specimens sometimes with

some small scattered pores on the anterior sternites . : o | Aidke

lla, Praefemur of the mavxillipedes with two strong teeth. Ungulum smooth.

The coxal pores of the last legs scattered over the whole surface. The first

joint of the telopodite of the second maxillae parallel-sided ; the claw as

long as the second joint. 51 pairs of legs é : incisunguis Att:

116. Praefemur of the maxillipedes with one tooth . . : 5

12a. Ungulum smooth. Coxal pores of the last legs only on the ventral side.

Median piece of labrum with 2 or 3 teeth. The claw of the second maxillae

nearly as long as the second joint of the telopodite. 37-39 pairs of legs

mjobergi Verh.

126, Ungulum crenellated. The coxal pores of the last legs distributed on the

whole surface. Median piece of labrum not dentate. Claw of the second

maxillae at most half as long as the second joint. 53-55 pairs of legs.

attemst Verh.

71. Eurytion dolichocephalus nu. sp.

(Pl. XIX, fig. 471; Pl. XX, fig. 491; text-figs. 63-65.)

Colour pale yellow, the head-plate only a little darkened. Length

52 mm., slender. ¢ with 71(73), 2 with 73-75 pairs of legs. Head-

plate one and a half times as long as wide; the broadest part

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 163

near the posterior margin, with numerous punctuations and hairs; no

frontal sulcus. The reticulation of the clypeus regular, the meshes

hexagonal and large; one longitudinal oval clypeal area, finely

granular, with two long bristles. Antennae filiform, tapering. The

labrum (fig. 471) shows very distinctly the two lamellae described by

Verhoeff ; the superior lamella consists of two broad strips, not

meeting, but separated by a little space and beset with a few fringes.

Text-Fic. 63.—Eurytion dolichocephalus Att. First maxillae.

Hach passes over laterally into the inferior lamella. This lamella is

not distinctly divided; the middle part is a little prominent and

rounded, and beset with shorter bristles. In badiceps the labrum is

similar, but the lateral pieces of the superior lamella are not fringed

at all, and the median piece of the inferior lamella is more detached.

The sides of the syncoxite of the first maxillae are covered with little

scales, but without lateral lobes. Basal joint of the telopodite with

long-spined lateral lobes projecting beyond the distal joint (text-fig.

63). The median suture of the coxae of the second maxillae

distinct ; all joints without processes. Claw simple (fig. 491). Basal

plate trapezoidal, nearly as long as the first tergite and narrower.

The maxillipedes are finely punctate and pubescent, and pass beyond

164 Annals of the South African Museum.

the frontal margin up to the middle of the first antennal joint. An-

terior margin of the coxae notched, with two small black teeth ;

tarsus with a small black basal tooth (text-fig. 64).

Ventral pores of segments 2-25 arranged in one oval transverse

area; from the twenty-sixth segment the area is divided into two

parts, which gradually become smaller and further apart. Sternites

with one sharp median furrow ; on the anterior segments one single

TeExt-Fic. 64.—Hurytion dolicho- Text-FIG. 65.—Eurytion dolicho-

cephalus Att. Mavxillipedes. cephalus Att. Posterior end,

ventral view.

porose area, the furrow running in front of this. The anterior sternites

meet, and the intercalar sternites are visible only as small triangular

pieces. In the posterior part of the body the intercalar sternites are

large and not divided. Tergites bisulcate. Last sternite very large,

trapezoidal, truncate behind ; the tergite very large, the basal joints

of the last legs consequently nearly invisible from above. Coxa with

numerous pores opening freely on the ventral side (text-fig. 65).

Terminal pores wanting.

Hanover (7768), De Aar (B. 814), Cape.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 165

72. Eurytion trichopus n. sp.

(Pl. XIX, figs. 477, 478; Pl. XX, figs. 487, 488; text-figs. 66, 67.)

Colour brownish-yellow, the head-plate and the maxillipedes only

a little darker. Length 65 mm. 3 with 65-69(77),* 2 with (67)

69-79 pairs of legs. Head-plate longer than wide, punctate, with

scattered long hairs. The two episcutal sulci just visible, extending

from the posterior margin to the middle. No frontal sulcus. The first

six antennal joints with two whorls of long bristles; from the fifth

joint the short hairs are intermixed. Clypeus with regular poly-

gonal reticulation. Clypeal area oval, finely punctate, with three long

bristles. In front and on each side of the area two bristles. Median

and lateral pieces of the labrum with long fringes. First maxillae

(fig. 478) with two pairs of lateral lobes; the lobes of the syncoxite

short, triangular, finely spined; the lobes of the telopodite longer

and more slender, also spined. Telopodite distinctly 2-jomted. The

coxal process and the terminal joint with some long bristles. Median

suture of the coxae of the second maxillae (fig. 477) very distinct ;

inner angle not prominent, the telopodite densely pubescent, claw

simple. No thickening alongside the opening of the coxal gland.

Basal plate broad but short, not sulcate. Maxillipedes (text-fig.

66) punctate and pubescent. The pleurocoxal suture extending

to the anterior margin, bent a little outwards distally. Anterior

margin of the coxa with two short black teeth; trochanter notch

distinct. Trochantero-praefemur with or without one small tooth.

Basal tooth of the tarsus very small. Claw smooth. The first

sternite meets the maxillipedes. Tergites with two deep episcutal

sulci, punctate. The first sternite with some pores ; from the second

sternite onwards, one large, rounded, or oval porose area limited in

front by a regular arcuate furrow, and not extending to the middle

(text-fig. 67). On the twenty-fifth segment the area begins to

be divided into two small oval areas ; present even on the penultimate

pedal segment. A short, deep longitudinal furrow present. The whole

surface finely and sparsely pubescent. The intercalar sternites are

divided, each half with three bristles. No porose areas near the

anterior angles.

Last sternite much narrowed behind; the coxa with numerous

* The numbers in parentheses are the numbers resulting from the observation

of the opposite sex, but not observed in the sex in question. If a female has

79 pairs there must be males with 77 pairs.

166 Annals of the South African Museum.

TEXT-FIG. 66.—Hurytion trichopus Att. Maxillipedes.

TEXxtT-FIG. 67.—LHurytion trichopus Att. Sixth segment of 3, ventral view.

large pores. In the ¢ the posterior quarter of the sternite, the inside

of the coxa, and the ventral side of joints 2-6 of the last legs densely

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 167

pubescent. The last legs of the g are moderately incrassate (fig. 487).

Terminal pores present.

Cape Province.—Table Mt., Newlands Slope (7688); Platteklip

Ravine (7689), above Klastenbosch (150163), Cape Peninsula (1512).

73. Hurytion aporopus Att.

1922. Attems, Beitr. Kennr. Land Siissw. Fauna, 8.W. Afr., Bd. 2,

at, dh, Joe CY), aikeg Al

Colour pale yellow, the head very little darker. Length 50 mm.

$ with 57-59, 2 59-61 pairs of legs. Head much longer than wide,

the sides parallel and connected by broad arches with the anterior

and posterior margin. Anterior margin lobate. No frontal sulcus.

The whole head-plate polygonally reticulated. The first antennal

joints (ca. 6) with two whorls of long bristles, intermixed with short

hairs. One circular, finely punctate clypeal area with two long

bristles ; some bristles near the clypeal area. Median piece of the

labrum rudimentary, situated behind the lateral pieces, and smooth,

not dentate or fringed. The lateral pieces have some weak teeth

in the median half. Syncoxite of the first maxillae without palps.

First joint of the telopodite with one long palp, longer than the whole

telopodite, slender, conical, and covered with little soft scales. Last

joint with some long bristles. Median suture of the coxa of the second

maxillae distinct; inner angle of the coxa not prominent. Second

and third joints of the telopodite with some long bristles; for the

rest the telopodite is hairless. Claw simple. The maxillipedes sur-

pass the frontal margin and the first antennal joint; the coxae

are punctate, the anterior margin not dentate ; the trochanter notch

distinct. Praefemur not dentate. Tarsus with one minute basal

tooth. Ungulum smooth. Basal plate relatively narrow.

Tergites bisulcate, sparsely pubescent, similar to the whole body.

First sternite broadly meeting the coxae of the maxillipedes, non-

porose. Sternites 2-19 with circular porose area; the area is divided

into two from the twentieth to the penultimate pedal segment. The

sternites to the twentieth with polygonal reticulation, the meshes large.

The intercalar sternites are divided in the median line and are visible

as broad triangular pieces in the anterior half of the body. Sternite

of the last legs broad, rounded behind. Last legs 7-jointed. The coxae

non-porose ; this character distinguishes this species from all others

in the genus; joints 1-5 with large glandular masses; moderately

incrassate. Terminal claw present. Terminal pores wanting.

168 Annals of the South African Museum.

Damaraland.—Farm Voigtland, Bismarkbergen, 38 km. east of

Windhoek ; Okahandja (Michaelsen Coll.).

74. Eurytion badiceps Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 32.

Caledon (14650), Cape.

Little Namaqualand.—Kamaggas, Steinkopf (Schultze).

75. Eurytion dentatus Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 31.

Cape Province.—Cape Peninsula (1512), near Cape Town (A. 23348),

Devil’s Peak (7668, 13507), Signal Hill (150108, 7666), Table Mt.,

Newlands Slope (7696, 150107, 7684), Platteklip Ravine (7674),

Bergvlet (153760), St. James (150101, 7707), Gordon’s Bay (A. 23397),

Caledon Div., Steenbrass River (A. 2335), Pass at Avontuur, near

Stormsvlei, Swellendam (7335), Sir Lowrie’s Pass (7304), Onderberg

vlei, Piquetberg (7429), Ashton (B. 827), Kimberley (34055).

76. Eurytion sabulosus Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 33.

Kogman’s Kloof, near Ashton, Robertson Div. (1680); Kamaggas,

Little Namaqualand.

77. Eurytion kalaharinus Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 20.

Kalahari (Schultze), Okahandja (Michaelsen).

The species E. metopias (Att.), michaelseni (Att.), and moderatus

(Att.) live in Chile. Perhaps Geophilus porsus, Porat (Cameroon),

and Geophilus concolor, Gervais-Haase (Australia), belong to this

genus.

Gen. SEPEDONOPHILUS Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 34.

Head-plate much longer than wide; no frontal sulcus. One poly-

gonally reticulated clypeal area. First maxillae with two pairs of

lateral lobes. Telopodite 2-jointed. Median suture of second

maxillae persisting. Inner coxal angle prominent. Maxillipedes

without chitinous lines; praefemur with two teeth; the pleurocoxal

suture running parallel to the side of the body. No ventral pores.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 169

Last legs 7-jointed ; coxa with numerous single and freely opening

pores. Last sternite moderately broad. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—Australia (one species).

Gen. PACHYMERINUS Silv.

1905. Silvestri, Fauna Chilensis, p. 155.

1907. Silvestri, Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamb., xxiv, p. 252.

1912. Brélemann, Rec. Austral. Mus., 1x, p. 60.

One clypeal area present (its structure not known). Median piece

of the labrum small, not dentate, the lateral pieces fringed. Mandible

sometimes with one blunt tooth in addition to the fringe of comb-like

teeth, and with spiny bristles on the ventral margin. First maxillae

with or without lateral lobes. The median suture of the second

maxillae persisting ; inner coxalangle prominent. Telopodite without

lateral teeth (chitinous lines ?). Pleurocoxal suture parallel to the

sides. Praefemur with one large tooth. No ventral pores. Posterior

margin of the sternite of some of the anterior segments a little

prominent in the middle. Last legs 7-joimted. Coxa with single and

freely opening pores on the dorsal and ventral sides. Claw present.

Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—Chile (four species); N.S. Wales, Australia (one

species).

Gen. PHiLoGEoNus Chamb.

1920. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard, Ixiv, p. 48.

One species in New Zealand.

4. Subfam. CHILENOPHILINAE Att.

1909. Subfam. Chilenophilinae Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise,

p. 22.

1909. Tribe Ribautwnae Broélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), i,

p. 327.

1910. Tribe Ribautiinae Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse,

xlin, p. 124.

1912. Subfam. Chilenophilinae Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Harvard Coll., xxiv, p. 410.

1914. Subfam. Chilenophilinae Attems, Indo.-Austral. Myr., p. 128.

1926. Subfam. Chilenophilinae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d.

Zool., iv, p. 360.

One or two clypeal areas present (Proschizotaenia and Watophilus

have not been examined respecting this character). Maxillipedes

170 Annals of the South African Museum.

generally without chitinous lines and the pleurocoxal suture running

parallel to the sides. In Ribautia and Schizoribautia chitinous lines

are present and the pleurocoxal suture is oblique. The coxae of the

second maxillae are broadly coalescent only in Arctogeophilus, while

they are connected by a narrow bridge in the other genera, or if con-

nected by a broad bridge the median suture persists. Coxa with a

long edge of yellow thickened chitin, in strong contrast with the

surrounding thin and whitish chitin.

Head-plate longer than wide. The maxillipedes partially visible

from above and projecting beyond the frontal margin. The frontal

sulcus generally wanting; present in Gnathoribautia. Median piece

of the labrum generally well developed, smooth or dentate, rarely

indistinct. Lateral pieces with long fringes. First maxillae with or

without lateral lobes; the telopodite distinctly 2-jointed, rarely

indistinctly jointed (Alloschizotaenia). Tergites bisulecate or smooth.

Ventral pores present or wanting; if present arranged in various

ways : in one or two rounded areas, or in one transverse band and two

areas in front of it, etc. Last legs generally 7-jointed ; rarely 8-jointed,

the claw being replaced by a short joint. Terminal pores present or

wanting.

Distribution.—South America, Brazil, Columbia, Chile, Patagonia,

North America, Australia, East and South Africa, Palaearctic Region.

Key to the Genera of Chilenophilinae.

la. Praetarsus of last legs claw-like or wanting : : 6) Xo

2a. The coxae of the second maxillae completely Goalesoene alene a large part of

their inner margins : : 5 ah

3a. Median piece of labrum indistinet, uated berind ats feinged lateral pieces.

No ventral pores . ‘ . Arctogeophilus Att.

3b. Median piece of labrum large. sronaly sentatel separating the lateral pieces.

Ventral pores present in four areas 5 & Nesidiphilus Chamb.,

Suturodes Chamb.

2b. Coxae of second maxillae connected by a small bridge . : : yoas

4a, Maxillipedes with chitinous lines ; : : : . Ribautia Brol.

4b, Maxillipedes without chitinous lines . : : sbpaOs

5a. Median piece of labrum small, not dentate, Geren pening “is lateral pieces

which meet in front of it : : Gs

6a. Ventral pores present. Anterior sents ane a toneees shaped process on

the posterior margin. . . Chilenophilus Att.

6b. No ventral pores. Sternites Phone ane a niebe Queenslandophilus Verh.

5b. Median piece of the labrum generally dentate, situated between the lateral

pieces, separating them. Sternites without prominences on the posterior

margin : : : : : 5 : : : : poakle

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 171

7a. Ventral pores present é : : 5

8a. Second maxillae with prominences on the mediante corner of the coxa and on the

lateral margin of the tibia. Coxa of last legs with hairy, round prominence.

Ventral pores arranged in a transverse band and two areas or in four areas

Polygonarea Att.

8b. Second maxillae without these prominences. Coxa of last legs without hairy

prominence. Ventral pores arranged in a narrow band Lestophilus Chamb,

7b. No ventral pores. : ; 0 c : , 5 | OL

9a. One clypeal area, no frontal sulcus Last legs with claw Brachygonarea Rib.

9b. Two clypeal areas, frontal sulcus present, last legs without claw

Gnathoribautia Brél.

16. The praetarsus of the last legs is a small, pubescent joint, the legs therefore

8-jointed . ; : é : ; é 5 ; : ALO!

10a. Ventral pores present : : : qa alte

lla. Ventral pores arranged in one nounced area, Goxee of second maxillae not

coalescent. First maxillae without lobes ‘ . Proschizotaenia Silv.

116. Ventral pores arranged in six areas. Coxae of second maxillae connected by

a broad bridge. First maxillae as two pairs of lobes = T'elocricus Chamb.

106. Ventral pores wanting j 3 el:

12a. The coxal pores of the last jessve open in two ie grooves. igteral corner of

the first and second joint of the telopodite of the second maxillae denti-

form . : ; . Schizonampa Chamb.

126. The coxal pores open aac Second Safin of the telopodite of the second

maxillae not dentate . : , 3 Nek

13a. First maxillae with two pairs of lone, latest Tebeet Terni pores present.

Femur of the second maxillae with inner and outer processes

Watophilus Chamb.

136. First maxillae with minute lateral lobes on the telopodite. Syncoxite without

lobes. Terminal pores wanting. Telopodite of the second maxillae without

processes : ‘ : : ; : ; . Alloschizotaenia Ck.

Gen. ARCTOGEOPHILUS Att.

1909. Geophilus, subgen. Arctogeophilus Attems, Myr. Vega. Exp.

Ark. Zool., v, p. 23.

1910. Gen. Arctogeophilus Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse,

Abul, 40% JAB,

1910. Gen. Gnathomerium Ribaut, zbad., p. 106.

No frontal sulcus. Superior lamella of the labrum consisting of one

fringed piece. The median piece indistinctly developed; the lateral

pieces meeting. The clypeal area marked by the smaller size of the

meshes, but not sharply defined. The surrounding area polygonally

reticulated with larger meshes. The first maxillae with two pairs of

large lateral lobes ; the telopodite distinctly 2-jomted. Coxae of the

second maxillae coalescent; the edge near the gland-opening long.

Telopodite normal, 3-jointed, with simple terminal claw. Maxillipedes

_ 172 Annals of the South African Museum.

without chitinous lines. The pleurocoxal suture runs parallel to the

sides up to the distal margin. Basal plate broad. No ventral pores.

Last legs 7-jointed, without claw ; coxa with single and freely opening

pores on the ventral side. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—Arctic Regions, North Carolina, France, Germany.

Four species: A. glacialis Att., americanus Rib., wolffi Rib., inopina-

tum Rib.

Gen. NESIDIPHILUS Chambh.

1915. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard, lx, p. 511.

Distribution.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Nicaragua.

Species: N. latus Chamb., montis Chamb., juvenis Chamb.,

nicaraguae Chamb.

Gen. SuTURODES Chamb.

1922. Chamberlin, Proc. U.S. N. Mus., Ix, p. 13.

Distribution.—Guatemala, Honduras.

Species: S. guatemalae Chamb., tardus Chamb.

Gen. RrpauTtia Brol.

1909. Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), ili, p. 335.

1910. Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse, xlii, p. 126.

1912. Ribaut, Chilop. d. Colombia, p. 84.

1912. Schizoribautia Brélemann, Rec. Austral. Mus., 1x, p. 70.

Head-plate much longer than wide; no frontal sulcus. One

clypeal area. The median piece of the labrum with tubercular teeth,

separating the lateral pieces. The median ends of the lateral pieces

partially overlapping the median piece; lateral pieces fringed.

First maxillae without lateral lobes. Claw simple. The coxae of

the second maxillae connected by a bridge only, not coalescent.

The edge near the gland-opening long, the inner angle prominent.

Tibia with or without lateral teeth. The chitinous lines abbreviated ;

the pleurocoxal suture running obliquely to the lateral margin.

Tergites bisulcate. Ventral pores present; first sternite with or

without pores. Generally the pores are arranged in one unpaired

area on the anterior and posterior segments, and in two areas next to

each other, sometimes also in two on the posterior segments. Ster-

nites without median lobe on the posterior margin. Last legs 7-

jointed, generally with claw. The coxal pores open singly or are com-

bined into groups at the bottom of cavities. The end of the coxae

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 173

densely covered with hairs and more or less rounded and prominent.

Terminal pores wanting or present.

Distribution.—S.W. Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia,

Loyalty Is., Columbia, Brazil, Peru.

Species: R. aggregata Brol., bower: Brél., brittini Arch., centralis

Silv., coarctata Rib., conifera Att., derrana Chamb., dietrichiae Verh.,

fuhrmanni Rib., gracilis Rib., imparata Att., mjobergi Verh., porosa

Verh., rainbow? Brél., repanda Att., sarasini Rib., seydi Rib., taeniata

Rib., wheelert Chamb.

Gen. CHILENOPHILUS Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 27.

Head-plate much longer than wide, no frontal sulcus; one finely

punctate clypeal area. Median piece of the labrum very small,

smooth, situated behind the lateral pieces; the latter nearly meet-

ing, and fringed. Lateral lobe of the coxae of the first maxillae

rudimentary, telopodite with well-developed lateral lobe. Coxae of

the second maxillae connected only by a small bridge ; thickened edge

long. Inner angle not prominent. No chitinous lines; the pleuro-

coxal suture parallel to the sides. Basal plate broad. Tergites

bisulcate. The anterior sternites with a rounded lobe in the middle

of the posterior margin. Ventral pores arranged in one transverse

band interrupted in the middle, and in two rounded areas in front of the

band. Last legs 7-jointed; coxa with numerous freely opening

dorsal and ventral pores ; terminal claw present.

Distribution.—Chile.

One species: C. corralinus Att.

Gen. QUEENSLANDOPHILUS Verh.

1925. Arctogeophilus, subgen. Queenslandophilus Verhoefi, Ark.

f. Zool., xvu, p. 49.

Distribution.—Queensland, Japan.

Two species: Q. sjdstedti Verh., viridicans Att.

Gen. PoLyGonaREa Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 24.

Head-plate much longer than wide, no frontal sulcus ; one clypeal

area with fine polygonal reticulation. Median piece of the labrum

large, smooth, or dentate, situated between the fringed lateral pieces.

174 Annals of the South African Museum.

First maxillae with two pairs of long lateral lobes. Coxae of the

second maxillae connected by a small bridge ; inner angle prominent

and tuberculate; tibia with lateral tooth. Maxillipedes without

chitinous lines ; pleurocoxal suture parallel to the sides. The maxil-

lipedes are largely visible from above and project beyond the frontal

margin. Basal plate broad. Tergites bisuleate. Ventral pores

arranged in one transverse band, divided sometimes into two areas

next to each other, and into two round groups in front of the trans-

verse band. Sternites without lobe on the posterior margin. Last

legs 7-jointed, with terminal claw, coxa with an oval prominence

bearing short hairs on the median side of the dorsal surface; a few

pores opening singly, freely, or under the margin of the sternite.

Sternite broad, narrowed behind. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—Cape.

The extent of this genus was reduced by Ribaut, who put one species

(apora) in the new genus Brachygonarea, and several species in the

new genus Ribautia ; hence only two species already described and

one new species remain in this genus.

Key to the Species of Polygonarea.

la. Median piece of the Jabrum smooth; first sternite with two groups of pores ;

terminal pores present. 61-65 pairs of legs : : . kraepelini Silv.

1b. Median piece of the labrum dentate ; first sternite without pores; terminal

pores wanting. 55-59 pairs of legs . : : 5)

2a. The first six antennal joints with two whorls of iene prigtles : ventral pores

arranged from the second to the penultimate sternite in one broad transverse

band interrupted in the middle by a small non-porose space, and in two

anterior rounded groups . : é . . oligopus Att.

2b. Joints 3-6 of the antenna with one single pasate whorl of long bristles. The

ventral pores arranged on segments 2—18 and on the last 10 segments in one

median rounded or angular area; on the intermediate segments in two

areas next to each other; on all segments from the second to the penultimate

there are two rounded groups in the anterior part of the sternite as well

monospathis n. sp.

78. Polygonarea kraepelini (Silv.).

1907. Eurytion kraepelint Silvestri, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst.,

XXIV, p. 254.

1909. Polygonarea kraepelint Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise,

p. 20.

1912. Polygonarea kraepelini Ribaut, Chilop. d. Colombia, p. 85.

Cape Province.—Port Elizabeth (Silv.). Gt. Namaqualand.—Kuibis

(Michaelsen).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 175

79. Polygonarea oligopus Att.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 26.

(Pl. XX, fig. 481.)

The number of legs varies in the 3 from 47 to 61 pairs; most of

the specimens in the collection of the Museum have 51, some 53, and

one has 61 pairs; the 29 examined all have 53 pairs. The specimens

first described had 55 (3) to 59 () pairs.

As a supplement to my first description I note that the coxa of the

last leg bears at the end a rounded oval excrescence densely covered

with short hair. It seems to be filled with glandular tissue and it is

probably characteristic of the genus (fig. 481).

Cape Province.—Cape Peninsula (23354), near Cape Town (A. 27348),

Hout Bay (7741), Mossel Bay (1618), Cape Flats (7704), Kalk Bay

(7651), Table Mt., Newlands Slope (7696), St. James (150101),

Bergvliet (13760), Touws River (13484, 1604), Port Elizabeth (7400),

Simonstown Waterfall (7725), Grahamstown (B. 820), Kei Road

(B. 928), Top of Table Mt. (B. 2250), Muizenberg (13508).

Little Namaqualand.—Kamaggas (Schultze). Natal.—Port Shepstone

(150187), Howick (150171). Portuguese E. Africa.— Masiene (5999).

80. Polygonarea monospathis n. sp.

(Pl. XIX, fig. 470; Pl. XX, figs. 492-494 ; text-figs. 68-69.)

Colour pale or darker brownish-yellow to yellowish-brown ; head-

plate a little darker. Length 42 mm., wider in front, body strong ;

51-57 pairs of legs. Head-plate with rough punctuation, much longer

than wide, width greater in the first quarter ; anterior margin nearly

rectilinear, weakly sinuate; no frontal sulcus. The maxillipedes

largely visible from above. Basal plate broad, half concealed by the

head-plate ; punctate. The first and second antennal joints with two

irregular whorls of long bristles, joints 5-6 with one single basal

whorl ; short dense hairs begin on the sixth joint. The maxillipedes

(fig. 494) extend beyond the frontal margin up to the middle of the

second antennal joint. Coxa and trochantero-praefemur densely

punctate, coxae with one long bristle laterally near the tip and with

two teeth on the anterior margin. Inner border of the trochantero-

praefemur zig-zag, the trochanter notch visible. Tarsus with strong

basal tooth. Claw smooth ; pleurocoxal suture parallel to the sides.

Tergites from the second onwards with two deep episcutal sulci and

two transverse rows of bristles, the lateral bristles of the posterior

176 Annals of the South African Museum.

row much longer than the rest. Intercalar tergites with one row

of bristles. Sternites densely punctate. First sternite non-porose.

Sternites 2-18 with one large rounded area; on the nineteenth seg-

ment it is divided into two adjacent areas, and on the last 10 segments

they are again combined into one. The second to the penultimate

sternite with two small areas near the anterior angles, becoming

distinct after maceration in caustic potash (text-fig. 68). Inter-

calar sternites divided ; on the anterior 20 segments they are separated

TExtT-FIG. 68.—Polygonarea monospathis Att. Twelfth segment, ventral surface.

from the intercalar pleurites, further back both are coalescent. First

sternite in full contact with the maxillipedes. Last sternite large

and broad, much narrowed and pubescent behind (text-fig. 69).

Coxae of last legs with seven pores close to the margin of the sternite,

and partly covered by it. Coxa of g and 2 with a rounded lobe

densely covered with short hairs. No terminal pores.

Median piece of the labrum (fig. 470) with seven teeth ; the median

tooth blunt, the others pointed ; the median half of the lateral pieces

with long fringes, the lateral half smooth. Clypeus polygonally reticu-

lated, the meshes large. The clypeal area with similar but finer

reticulation, and paler than the rest of the clypeus: in front of the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 177

area one row of little bristles. First maxillae with two pairs of long,

spined lateral lobes, the lobes of the telopodite very slender (fig. 492).

The distal inner angle of the second maxillae (fig. 492) prominent, the

TExt-FIG. 69.—Polygonarea monospathis Att. Posterior end of 9.

process blunt, conical, and covered with tubercles. The first and

second joint of the telopodite with a small lateral tooth. Terminal

claw simple.

Venster Ravine, Caledon (7367); Caledon (14650); Kogman’s

Kloof near Ashton (1680), Cape.

Gen. LesToPHILUS Chamb.

1915. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lix, p. 522.

Distribution.—Haiti, Mexico.

Four species: L. nesiotes Chamb., haitvensis Chamb., dedymus Chamb.,

paucipes Chamb.

Gen. BRACHYGONAREA Rib.

1910. Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Toulouse, xl, p. 123.

Head-plate much longer than wide. No frontal sulcus. One

VOL. XXVI. 12

178 Annals of the South African Museum.

clypeal area present, with fine polygonal reticulation.* Median

part of the labrum dentate, situated between the lateral pieces and

separating them. Median half of the lateral pieces fringed. First

maxillae with two pairs of long hairy lateral lobes; the telopodite

distinctly 2-jointed. The coxae of the second maxillae connected

by a small bridge; inner angle prominent. Femur and tibia with a

lateral tooth. No chitinous lines. The maxillipedes project beyond

the frontal margin. Pleurocoxal suture parallel to the lateral

margin. Tergites bisulcate. Posterior margin of the sternites of the

anterior segments bluntly angular, but without median lobe. No

ventral pores. Last legs 7-jointed, with terminal claw. Coxa with a

few pores opening singly under the margin of the sternite. Terminal

pores wanting.

Distribution.—Little Namaqualand; Natal.

81. Brachygonarea apora (Att.).

1909. Polygonarea apora Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 25.

1910. Brachygonarea apora Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse,

xlii, p. 105.

The first five joints of the last legs are densely covered with short

hairs ventrally ; the sternites have a deep median groove and the

head-plate is densely punctate.

Howick, Natal (150171); Steinkopf, Little Namaqualand (Schultze).

Gen. GNATHORIBAUTIA Brdol.

1909. Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), iii, p. 336.

Head-plate much longer than wide; frontal sulcus distinct. Two

rounded, finely punctate clypeal areas with one long bristle each.

Median piece of the labrum with tubercular teeth, situated between the

fringed lateral pieces and completely separating them. First maxillae

with two pairs of lateral lobes. Coxae of second maxillae not coales-

cent, inner angle not prominent. Tibia with strong lateral tooth.

No chitinous lines; the pleurocoxal suture parallel to the sides up

to the end of the syncoxite. Basal plate narrow. Tergites bisulcate.

No ventral pores. Sternites without lobe on the posterior margin.

* Ribaut, in his key to the genera, gave this genus as being without a clypeal

area; he does not say that he had examined the only species (apora) and probably

he had had no opportunity of doing so. I therefore assume that the contradiction

of my statement is due to an error.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 179

Last legs 7-jointed, no terminal claw. Coxa with singly opening

dorsal and ventral pores. Sternite narrow. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—North Africa.

One species: G. agricola (Att.).

Gen. PROSCHIZOTAENIA Silv.

1907. Silvestri, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., lxiv, p. 252.

1909. Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), 1, p. 337.

1910. Ribaut, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse, xliii, p. 124.

Head-plate much longer than wide (frontal sulcus, clypeal area, and

labrum not known). First maxillae without lateral lobes. Telopodite

2-jointed. Coxae of second maxillae connected by a bridge; the

thickened edge long, the inner angle prominent. Telopodite without

lateral tooth. No chitinous lines. The pleurocoxal suture parallel

to the sides. Tergites? Ventral pores in one rounded area. Last

legs 8-jointed, the claw replaced by a minute joint bearing one bristle.

Coxa with dispersed pores opening singly beside and under the margin

of the sternite. Terminal pores: in the key (p. 252) Silvestri says

twice that they are wanting; in the description (p. 254), on the

other hand, he says they are present.

The description of this genus requires to be completed with regard

to some further points.

Distribution.—EHast Africa.

One species: P. mediocris Silv.

Gen. TELocricus Chamb.

1915. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lix, p. 516.

Distribution.—Cuba, Haiti.

Five species: 7. hyper Chamb., multipes Chamb., maior Chamb.,

frater Chamb., cubae Chamb.

Gen. ScHIZONAMPA Chamb.

1914. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., lviu, p. 214.

Distribution.—Brazil.

One species: S. manni Chamb.

Gen. WATOPHILUS Chamb.

1912. Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., liv, p. 420.

Head-plate longer than wide. No frontal sulcus. Clypeal area ?

180 Annals of the South African Museum.

Median piece of the labrum with short teeth, separating the lateral

pieces which have long teeth. First maxillae with two pairs of long

lateral lobes. Coxae of the second maxillae with long thickened edge ;

the connection of the coxae unknown. Femur with inner and lateral

processes. No chitinous lines. Pleurocoxal suture parallel to the

sides; the maxillipedes project beyond the frontal margin. Basal

plate narrow. Tergites bisulcate. No ventral pores. Last legs

8-jointed ; coxa with few singly opening pores, most of them under

the margin of the sternite. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—United States of North America.

This genus requires a re-examination as regards some of its char-

acters. It seems nearly allied to Alloschizotaenia Broél.; perhaps it is

identical.

One species: W. alabamae Chamb.

Gen. ALLOSCHIZOTAENIA Brol.

1909. Alloschizotaenia Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), i,

p- 337.

1907. Schizotaenia Silvestri, Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamb., xxiv, p. 250.

1909. Schizotaenia Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp.,

ra}

p. 8.

(Nec Schizotaenza Silvestri in Fauna Chilensis, p. 761, which belongs

to Schizotaenia Ck.)

Head-plate much longer than wide. No frontal sulcus; one

clypeal area present with fine polygonal reticulation. Median piece.

of the labrum with tubercular teeth, situated between the fringed

lateral pieces. Syncoxite of the first maxillae without, telopodite

with minute lateral lobe; the telopodite indistinctly 2-jointed.

Coxae of the second maxillae connected by a small bridge; the

thickened edges long. The inner angle prominent. The telopodite

not laterally dentate. Maxillipedes very long, without chitinous lines.

The pleurocoxal suture parallel to the sides. No ventral pores.

Sternites without lobe on the posterior margin. Last legs 8-jointed,

the claw replaced by a small bristly joint. Coxa with two pores.

Terminal pores wanting.

Distribution.—East Africa.

One species: A. minuta (Silv.)=Schizotaenia pluvia Att.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 181

5. Subfam. APHILODONTINAE Silv.

1909. Fam. Aphilodontidae Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p.52.

1909. Fam. Geophilidae, Tribe Aphilodontina Brélemann, Arch.

Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), 11, p. 324.

1908. Fam. Brasilophilidae Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 275.

1926. Subfam. Aphilodontinae Attems, Kikenthal’s Handb. d.

Zool., iv, p. 360.

Head-plate generally not or only a little longer than wide, rarely

long. No frontal sulcus. Antennae filiform, tapering. No clypeal

areas. Labrum more or less rudimentary, consisting of two smooth

(not dentate or fringed) lateral pieces, the median piece wanting.

Mandible with simple fringe of comb-like teeth. Mecistauchenus is

said to have two pectinate lamellae.

Syncoxite of the first maxillae without lateral lobes, telopodite

distinctly 2-jomted. Coxae of the second maxillae short, coalescent

and forming a syncoxite or remaining free. No long thickened edge

beside the gland-opening. ‘Telopodite 3-jointed as is normal in the

Geophilomorpha, or the joints more or less coalescent. In extreme

cases the whole telopodite consists of one piece. No terminal claw.

The pleurocoxal suture runs obliquely to the lateral margin. No

chitinous lines. Telopodite 3-jointed ; trochantero-femur and femur

coalescent and bearing two papillae, with one bristle each, on the

inside. Tibia with one bristle-bearing papilla. Tarsungulum normal.

Basal plate broad, extending to the sides of the body. Tergites not

sulcate. Terminal pores wanting. Last legs 6- or 7-jointed, with or

without claw. Coxa with numerous singly and generally freely

Opening pores. Sternite narrow.

Distribution.—Argentine, Paraguay, Brazil, South Africa.

Key to the Genera of Aphilodontinae.

la. Coxae of second maxillae not coalescent : ¢ Mecistauchenus Brél.

1b. Coxae of second maxillae coalescent, forming a syncoxite ‘ : qe

2a. Last legs 7-jointed, with terminal claw. The telopodite of the second maxillae

more or less coalescent and consisting of one or two pieces

Philacrotertum nov. gen.

2b. Last legs 6-jointed; sometimes the seventh joint is indicated by a minute

knob. The telopodite of the second maxillae 2- or 3-jointed as usual . 3.

3a. Head-plate little longer than wide ; the maxillipedes distant from the frontal

margin. Telopodite of second maxillae 2-jointed, the first and second joints

being coalescent : ; : : Aphilodon Silv.

3b. Head-plate long; the maxillipedes extending beyond the frontal margin.

Telopodite of the second maxillae 3-jointed as usual . Mecophilus Silv.

182 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. MrecistaucHenus Brol.

1907. Mecistauchenus Brélemann, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., No. 16, p. 283.

1909. Mecistauchenus Brélemann, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), i,

pp. 321, 335.

1908. Brasilophilus Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 286.

This genus, based on a single species (IM. micronyzx Brél.), is placed

by its author amongst the Aphilodontinae; but it is very different

from the rest of this group in respect of the free non-coalescent coxae

of the second maxillae, and needs to be re-examined.

Verhoeff established for the same species a genus “‘ Brasilophilus,”

although he was acquainted with the older name of Brélemann.

Verhoefi gives no reason for creating this new name.

Distribution.—Brazil.

One species: M. micronyx Brol.

Gen. PHILACROTERIUM nov.

Head-plate nearly as long as wide. No frontal sulcus; antennae

filiform, somewhat tapering. No clypeal area. Labrum consisting

of the small, smooth lateral pieces; the median piece completely

wanting. Mandible with a simple fringe of comb-like teeth. First

maxillae without lateral lobes; the telopodite distinctly 2-jointed.

Second maxillae: syncoxite without median suture; the first and

second joint of the telopodite coalescent ; the suture between second

and terminal joint hardly visible or vanishing. No terminal claw.

The pleurocoxal suture runs obliquely to the lateral margin, reaching

it in the middle of the coxal length. No chitinous lines. Telopodite |

3-jointed, the trochantero-praefemur and femur being coalescent.

This compound joint has two papillae bearing one bristle each.

Tibia with a similar papilla. Basal plate broad, extending to the

sides of the body. The procoxae of the first pedal segment meet

before the sternite, separating it from the mavxillipedes. Tergites

not sulcate. No ventral pores. Last legs 7-jointed; with terminal

claw. Coxa with numerous freely opening pores. Terminal pores

present.

Distribution.—Cape.

The two species are distinguished in the following manner :—

(1) P. pauperum na. sp.

Last sternite much narrowed and truncate behind; 43-51 pairs

of legs. Tarsus of maxillipedes without basal tooth.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 183

(2) P. eribellatum nu. sp.

Sternite of last legs broad, rounded behind; ¢ with 53-65(69),

2 with 55-71 pairs of legs. Tarsus of maxillipedes with basal tooth.

82. Philacroterium cribellatum n. sp.

(Text-figs. 70-75.)

Colour yellowish-brown. Length 48 mm.; body robust, tapering

a little in front and behind ; 55 (¢ and Q) to 71 () pairs of legs.

Text-Fic. 70.—Philacroterium cribellatum Att. Clypeus and labrum.

Head-plate nearly as long as wide, with dispersed hairs ; no frontal

sulcus. The posterior margin scarcely sinuate. The whorls of longer

bristles on the basal antennal joints inconspicuous, the numerous

hairs being nearly of the same length. No clypeal area. Basal

plate broad with weakly convex lateral margins; from above only a

small triangular part of the maxillipedes visible. The labrum con-

sists of two weak, straight rod-like lateral pieces; between them a

broad gap (text-fig. 70).

Both maxillae very small; the width of the second maxilla equal

to one-third of the whole head. First maxillae (text-fig. 71)

without lateral lobes; coxal process narrow, with two bristles.

Telopodite distinctly 2-jointed, terminal joint with one long bristle.

Coxae of the second maxillae coalescent. In the telopodite the first

184 Annals of the South African Museum.

and second joint are coalescent ; at the side of this compound joint

distally is a little papilla bearing a minute point. The terminal

TSM

Text-Fic. 71.—Philacroterium cribellatum Att. First maxillae.

Text-FIG. 72.—Philacrotervum cribel- TExt-FIG. 73.—Philacroterium

latum Att. Telopodite of second cribellatum Att. Telopodite

maxillae. of maxillipedes.

joint indistinctly separated from the preceding one; the lateral

aspect of the terminal joint with little points similar to those of the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 185

preceding joint; at the tip, and near the tip on the inner side, one

small point. On the inner side and at the base of this projection one

long bristle (text-fig. 72). Mandible with a simple fringe of comb-

like teeth. Maxillipedes (text-figs. 73 and 74): the coxa large, with

dispersed hairs, without chitinous lines. The joints of the telopodite

small; first and second joint coalescent, the suture between these

TExt-FIG. 74.—Philacroterium cribellatum Att. Anterior end of 9,

ventral surface.

two joints remaining as a short line on the lateral face; the inner

side of the fused joint has two bristle-bearing papillae. The follow-

ing joint, 2z.e. the tibia, has a similar one. The maxillipedes do not

reach the frontal margin. Claw smooth, a small basal tooth present.

Tergites not sulcate; the main tergites with two, the intercalar

tergites with one row of hairs. The posterior margin of sternites 1-3

weakly angular, the remaining sternites rectilinear. Sternites with

dispersed punctuation and hairs. The procoxae of the first pedal

segment meet in front of the sternite. On the following five or six

segments the middle of the intercalar sternites is concealed by the

186 Annals of the South African Museum.

sternites ; further, the intercalar sternites are undivided and freely

Text-Fic. 75.—Philacroterium cribel-

latum Att. Posterior end of 9, ven-

tral surface.

visible. No ventral pores. Last

sternite broad, a little narrowed

posteriorly. Coxa of last legs with

numerous freely opening ventral

pores of various size. Terminal

claw present. In the ¢ the last

legs are moderately incrassate and

densely covered with hairs ven-

trally ; the last joint with long

scattered hairs (text-fig. 75). The

genital sternite of the 2 with two

small circular porose areas, dis-

tinct after maceration in caustic

potash (the g was not macerated,

and therefore the areas were not

visible). Terminal pores present.

Cape Province.—Table Mt., Plat-

teklip Ravine (7675); Cape Peninsula (23354), Kalk Bay (150118),

Ceres (7522), Kogman’s Kloof (1680),

Hottentots Holland (1003), Houw

Hoek, Caledon (7617, 7346).

83. Philacrothervum pauperum n. sp.

(Text-figs. 76-81.)

Colour yellowish- brown. Length

30 mm.; body clumsy, the greatest

width in the posterior half; 45-51 pairs

of legs (Q).

Head-plate (text-fig. 76) nearly as

long as wide, narrowed anteriorly,

the posterior margin weakly sinuate;

densely punctate and pubescent; no

frontal sulcus. Antennae tapering, the

whorls of long bristles inconspicuous,

being little longer than the dense

hairs. Basal plate broad, extending

nearly to the sides of the body, its

TEext-Fic. 76.—Philacroterium

pauperum Att. Anterior end

of 9, dorsal view.

sides slightly convex. From above only a small part of the maxilli-

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 187

pedes visible. Clypeus with uniformly round reticulation, no clypeal

area; in front of the middle several long bristles. The labrum

(text-fig. 77) corresponding with the description of Aphilodon by

Silvestri ; two small medially enlarged and irregularly toothed plates

O-0-%0

00/205 89.090,

0609 aor lana 20000

083 go500 05,0. 9,000

0.990 [0G02—

Oo,

(2)

Text-Fic. 77.—Philacroterium pauperum Att. Labrum.

Text-Fic. 78.—Philacroterium pauperum Att. Mandibles and maxillae of 9.

are separated by a space. The median piece is completely lacking.

Mandible with a simple fringe of comb-like teeth. First maxillae and

telopodite of the second maxillae extremely small. First mamillae

(text-fig. 78) as in P. cribellatum, the terminal joint distinctly

separated from the basal joint of the telopodite; no lateral lobes ;

188 Annals of the South African Museum.

a few small bristles on the aboral side. The telopodites of the second

maxillae are not inserted on the sides of the syncoxite, but the

syncoxite forms a rounded shoulder laterally (text-fig. 79). The

first and second joints of the telopodite coalescent ; terminal joint

without claw; with one long bristle just below the tip and one

little joint at the tip. Maxillipedes (text-fig. 80) densely covered

with short hairs. Coxa large; no chitinous lines; anterior margin

sinuate ; no teeth; the pleurocoxal suture oblique, reaching the

lateral margin before the middle of the coxa. Telopodite very small,

distant from the lateral and frontal margin, 3-jointed, the first and

Text-Fia. 79.—Philacroterium pauperum Att. Second maxillae.

second joints coalescent and bearing two papillae. The third joint

(tibia) with a similar one. Tarsus without basal tooth. The claw

smooth (not notched).

Tergites not sulcate; the main tergites with several irregular

intercalar tergites with one row of hairs. The procoxae of the first

pedal segment meet before the sternite. The first four intercalar

sternites are divided in the middle line; from the fifth onwards they

are undivided. Sternites with straight posterior margin, scattered

punctuation and hairs. No ventral pores. Last sternite very narrow,

much narrowed and truncate posteriorly, with dispersed hairs.

Coxa with numerous dark-coloured ventral pores, some opening under

the margin of the sternite. Terminal claw present (text-fig. 81).

Terminal pores present.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 189

Cape Province.—-Table Mt., Newlands Slope (7642), Platteklip

Ravine (7677, 7688) ; Kalk Bay (150118), Knysna (1579), Coldstream,

Humansdorp (5305), Zonder End Mts. (4100).

Text-Fic. 80.—Philacroterium pawperum Att. TExtT-FIG. 81.—Philacroteriwm

Anterior end of 9, ventral view. pauperum Att. Posterior

end of 9, ventral view.

Gen. APHILODON Silv.

1898. Silvestri, Nova. Geoph. Argent. Com. Mus. Nac. Buenos

Aires, 1, p. 29.

1903. Attems, Synop. d. Geoph., p. 283.

1908. Verhoeff, Bronn’s Class. u. Ordn., p. 279.

1909. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 53.

Head-plate a little longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly. No

frontal sulcus. Antennae filiform, tapering. Labrum more or less

rudimentary. First maxillae without lateral lobes, the telopodite

distinctly 2-jointed. Second maxillae with syncoxite and 3-jointed

telopodite, without terminal claw. The pleurocoxal suture runs

obliquely to the sides, reaching the lateral margin before the

middle. Telopodite 3-jointed, the first and second joints coalesced.

190 Annals of the South African Museum.

Maxillipedes distant from the frontal margin. Basal plate broad,

extending to the sides of the body. The procoxae of the first pedal

segment meet before the sternite. Tergites not sulcate. Last legs

6-jointed. No terminal claw. Coxa with numerous pores opening

freely. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—South America, South Africa.

Four species are recorded from South America and one species from

South Africa. All these species seem to be very similar; Silvestri,

their author, gave no key to them.

84. Aphilodon webert, Silv.

1909. Silvestri, Contrib. Conosc. Chilop., iv, p. 59; Bull. Lab.

Zool. Portici, iv.

(Pl. XIX, fig. 479 ; text-figs. 82-84.)

Head-plate as above. The basal six joints of the antennae with

longer bristles arranged in two whorls, and scattered shorter hairs.

The difference between the two kinds of hairs not great. Clypeus

polygonally reticulate; the meshes in the middle smaller; on each

side of this median spot one group of a dozen short bristles. No

distinctly defined labrum; the polygonally reticulated median part

of the clypeus passes over into a smooth lamella between the fulcra ;

the free margin is smooth (fig. 479). (The description of Aphilodon

spegazzinw given by Silvestri does not agree with my observations.)

Mandible with a simple fringe of comb-like teeth. First maxillae

(text-fig. 82) without lateral lobes; the coxal process bearing

some minute spines. Telopodite 2-jointed; the terminal joint with ~

some minute and two larger spinules, the inner side with microscopic

hairs.

The coxae of the second maxillae completely coalescent, laterally

from the insertion of the telopodite the syncoxite forms a broad

rounded shoulder, similar to that of P. pawperum. Telopodite 2-

jointed, the first and second joints coalescent. The terminal joint

with one long terminal bristle and 2-3 minute spinules on the lateral

side. The maxillipedes (text-fig. 83) do not reach the frontal

margin. No chitinous lines. The space between the telopodite

rounded and sinuate, no teeth. The first and second joints of the

telopodite coalescent, the inner margin of this fused joint bearing

two bristled papillae ; the tibia with one similar papilla.

Tergites not sulecate ; with dispersed hairs. First sternite rounded

anteriorly and separated from the maxillipedes by the meeting of

The Myrvopoda of South Africa. 191

TEXtT-FIG. 82.—A philodon weberi Silv. Maxillae.

TEXtT-FIc. 83.—Aphilodon weberi Silv. Maxillipede.

ventral pleurites (procoxae of Verhoeff). The remaining sternites

nearly quadrate, with dispersed fine hairs. The intercalar sternites

192 Annals of the South African Museum.

visible as an undivided plate from the second segment onwards.

No ventral pores. Stigmata circular. Praescutellum several times

as large as the scutel-

‘lum. Last sternite nar-

rowed and_ truncate

posteriorly. Last legs

with six well-developed

joints and a minute

rounded, hairless knob,

the vestigial remains of

a seventh joint. Coxa

with several large freely

opening ventral pores.

Coxa and _ trochanter

with dispersed, the rest

of the joints with dense

hairs. The sixth joint

is the longest (text-fig. 84). The sternite of the

praegenital segment distinctly visible, pubescent. The

sternite of the genital segment large, extending to

the sides of the body, pubescent. Male genital

appendages 2-jointed. Terminal pores present.

Cape Province.—Table Mt., Newlands Slope (7687); Hogsback,

Amatola Mts. (B. 813).

“ Constantia, South Africa” [near Cape Town] (Silv.).

TEXT-FIG. 84.—A philodon weberi

Silv. Posterior end of 3, ven-

tral view.

Gen. Mrecopuitus Silv.

1909. Silvestri, Rendic. R. Acc. Lincei, (5), xviii, p. 269.

1909. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 60.

Head-plate long. No frontal sulcus. Labrum rudimentary. (No

details given by Silvestri.) Mandible with a simple fringe of comb-

like teeth. First maxillae without lateral lobes, the telopodite dis-

tinctly 2-jointed. Coxae of the second maxillae coalescent, forming

a syncoxite; telopodite 3-jointed, without terminal claw. Mazxill-

pedes long, far exceeding the frontal margin. Coxae long, without

chitinous lines. First and second joints of telopodite coalescent,

bearing papillae on the inner side (number of these papillae and

bristles unknown). Basal plate very long, extending to the sides of

the body. Character of tergites unknown. No ventral pores. Last

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 193

legs 6-jointed, without terminal claw; coxae with numerous freely

opening pores. Terminal pores present.

Distribution.—Brazil.

One species: M. neotropicus Silv. (requires re-examination in some

respects).

Geophilus grandiceps Por.

1893. Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xvii, p. 47.

Cape Town.

I can make nothing of this description. Species inquirenda.

II. Crass SYMPHYLA.

Gen. HANSENIELLA Bagn.

85. Hansenella capensis (Hans.).

1903. Scutigerella capensis Hansen, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., xlvu,

pte pled ies Sn plaivaiocls

1913. Hanseniella capensis Bagnall, J. Linn. Soc., xxxi, p. 198.

I have nothing to add to the excellent description of Hansen.

Cape Province.—Table Mt. (4100), Newlands (150123), River Zonder

End (5271, 5274), Mossel Bay ; Wynberg, Knysna. Natal.—Howick

(150173).

Cape Peninsula, Constantia (Hansen).

III. Crass DIPLOPODA.

1. Subclass Pselaphognatha.

Synopsis of the Genera of Pselaphognatha.

la, Sensitive cones of the palpi 2-jointed : ‘ : Macroxenus Brél.

1b. Sensitive cones of the palpi not articulated : ‘ : =, 22s

2a. Anal segment with one unpaired median brush of bristles (comets lateral

brushes as well), or the bristles equally distributed without forming

brushes ; se Os

3a. The bristle brush of ‘he a segment contains bustles of fwe ands with and

without barbed hooks . E ‘ sate

4a, Last joint of the antennae as long as he Leuenth and ae hone sense-papillae.

Palpi of gnathochilarium very short, with four cylindrical sensitive bristles.

No eyes : : : Hy pogexenus Silv.

4b, Last joint of the mtonaae very ain iueh smaller than the seventh, with

four sense-papillae. Palpi of gnathochilarium long, tapering, with more

sensitive bristles. Eyes present . ‘ 5 : : ; 3. 85s

VOL. XXVI. 13

194 Annals of the South African Museum.

5a. Tergites with one brush of bristles on each side and one or several rows along

the posterior border. The bristles of the anal segment with two barbed

hooks . : ; 3 Monographis Att.

5b. Tergites with two mishes of iristles on onan side and one row along the

posterior border. The bristles of the anal segment with four barbed hooks

Ankistroxenus Att.

3b. Alllong bristles of the anal segment of one kind, without barbed hooks ._ 6.

6a. Tergites with long slender bristles only é : : Saroxenus Cook.

6b. Tergites with long slender bristles and short broad (shingle-shaped) bristles 7.

7a. Eleven segments, nine lateral brushes of bristles . ; . Synxenus Silv.

7b. Twelve segments, ten lateral brushes of bristles. Head very large, the largest

part of the animal; the long bristles of the anal segment uniformly dis-

tributed, without forming close brush-groups. Penis very long

Schindalmonotus nov. gen.

26. Anal segment with two brushes of bristles directed backwards (no unpaired

median brush). Sometimes two lateral brush-groups as well. 6 &

8a. Thirteen segments; anal segment with four brush-groups, two directed back-

wards, two laterally 5 : A . Koubanus nov. gen. -

8b. Eleven segments ; anal segment wih two beaches directed backwards, some-

times groups or rows of bristles on the dorsal surface of this segment as

well . , 5 > Ys

9a. Last antennal sega sell ira Sanalllos than ite eoventhe Eyes present.

Claw of legs 3-lobed. Tergites with two transverse rows of short broad

bristles along the posterior border . , : : Polyxenus Latz.

9b. Last joint of antenna nearly as long as the seventh joint. No eyes, claw of

legs simple. Tergites with one transverse row of longer and more slender

bristles along the posterior border . : : : Lophoproctus Poe.

Gen. SCHINDALMONOTUS nov.

Twelve segments; 10 bundles of pleural bristles, 17 pairs of legs,

first segment apodous. Segments 2-4 with one pair of legs each,

segments 5-11 with two pairs of legs each, one apodous terminal

segment. Head very broad, eyes present, four groups of long bristles.

Antennae 8-jointed, the sixth joint the largest, the eighth half as long

as the seventh. First segment with four compact groups of long

bristles, without shingle-shaped bristles, and without pleural bristle-

groups. Segments 2-11 with two lateral and two pleural groups

(one on each side) of long bristles, and three rows of shingle-shaped

bristles. Last segment with numerous long bristles (on all sides, not

arranged in groups or separate terminal brushes and all of one kind,

without barbed hooks), with shingle-shaped bristles. Penis very

large. The tactile bristles of the legs gradually tapering.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 195

86. Schindalmonotus hystrix n. sp.

(Pl. I, figs. 1-7; Pl. XVII, figs. 425, 426.)

The adult has 12 body segments with 17 pairs of legs, and 10 pairs

of pleural groups of bristles. The first and last (anal) segments are

apodous, segments 2-4 have one pair of legs each, segments 5-11 two

pairs. Juveniles with 9 segments have 10 pairs of legs and 7 pleural

bristle-groups. Juveniles with 10 segments have 11 pairs of legs

and 8 pleural bristle-groups. Juveniles with 11 segments have 14

pairs of legs and 9 pleural bristle-groups. The penultimate segment

of animals with 9 and 11 segments has one pair of legs, while in

those with 10 segments it is apodous.

Colour dirty yellowish, the bristles black. Length up to 4 mm.

The head is large, the anterior margin scarcely sinuate; the labrum

(fig. 2) distinctly separated from the clypeus by a fine line, has

a different surface from the rest of the head. On the fore part are

several rows of little scales arranged like roofing tiles, becoming

gradually smaller and passing into a fine granular structure. On the

clypeus several rows of long hairs. The eyes are large prominences

on the sides of the head, each eye consisting of about 10 ocelli, weakly

pigmented. The antennae are 8-jointed, the sixth joint by far the

largest, the seventh half as long as the sixth, the eighth very small,

not half as long as the seventh. The walls are densely perforated by

little canals ; the hairs arising from the openings of these canals are

minute. The third, fifth, sixth, and seventh joints with several long

pointed simple bristles, the sixth and seventh joints with one or two

compressed, blunt bristles. Last joint with four sensitive cones

(fig. 426). The palps (fig. 425) belong to the gnathochilarium, and

not to the first pair of legs as I thought when describing Monographis.

Here the circumstances are clearer, and I fully agree with the view of

Reinicke. Each palp is slender, gradually diminishing towards the

tip, and bearing about 20 sensitive papillae. The foveae laterales

are visible from below in the sinus between the anterior and middle

part of the head as blunt cones. The organs declared by Verhoeft

to be auditory hairs are situated on the upper side of the head on the

median side of the eyes, each hair resting on a little truncate cone.

I could see only two such hairs on each side. The bristles are of two

kinds : (1) long slender bristles ; (2) short, broad scales. The bristles

are present on the head and on all the segments, the scales on segments

2-12. On the head the bristles are arranged in four large groups in

196 Annals of the South African Museum.

the shape of an arc, open behind. Seen from above the groups are

completely separated, seen from below they merge gradually, being

connected by single bristles. The first apodous segment has two

groups of these bristles. Segments 2-11 have four groups of bristles

each, two on each side, one dorso-lateral and one pleural. The pleural

groups form rounded protuberances on the sides of the body and the

bristles are arranged in very regular transverse rows on these cushions

(fig. 3). There are about 12 rows. The bases of the bristles ‘of

each row look like little cups with a thickened wall, and all the cups

of a row are connected and appear in profile as a sinuate line (fig. 4).

The bristles are inserted in an oblique direction. The last (anal)

segment is covered all over with a great number of these bristles,

not forming a closed brush-group. Only the median anterior part

of the dorsal surface and the median part of the ventral surface are

free. The bristles are a little curved; smooth in the basal half,

bearing little lateral points in the distal half (fig. 5).

The second kind of bristles consists of broad scales. They are

arranged in two transverse rows along the posterior border and in

one row along the anterior border of segments 2-11, and in one trans-

verse row in the middle of the anal segment. The scales along the

posterior border are blackish, darker than the pale scales on the

anterior margin. The scales have a slender handle-shaped base,

their margins nearly parallel; the top is a little oblique and finely

serrated. The surface is furrowed by fine longitudinal lines, the

intervals between the lines finely cross-striated (fig. 6).

The last segment is a blunt cone and contains the anus. I have

changed my view on this point; the anus does not belong to the

penultimate segment but to the last. The bristles of the anal seg-

ment are somewhat longer and more slender than on the other seg-

ments, but otherwise the same. No barbed hooks. The second pair

of legs is 8-jointed. All joints covered with minute hairs and some

long tactile bristles. The distal margin of joints 1-6 with rigid cilia,

somewhat longer than the minute hairs. The tactile bristles are

simply narrowed and pointed, not abruptly narrowed in the middle

as in Monographis. I saw two bristles on the first joint and one

bristle on joints 2-7. The terminal claw is 2-lobed, with one small

bristle above. The penis (fig. 7) 1s long and thick, cylindrical,

with fine circular furrows except at the tip, which is smooth and

bears some bristles. The penis extends as far as the coxae of the

sixth pair of legs.

Cape Province.-—Gt. Winterhoek (2251, B. 2242), Knysna (7432),

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 197

St. James (150103), Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula (4744), Caledon (B.

3407), Montagu (B. 4113), Mossel Bay (1642), Ntaba, Kandoda, near

Debe Nek (B. 2274). Transvaal.—Kaapmuiden (B. 4039). Portuguese

E. Africa.—Masiene, Chai Chai.

This genus is especially interesting in regard to the number of legs

and segments. Hitherto the view generally held has been that the

Pselaphognatha have 11 segments and 13 pairs of legs. Only Lucas

has published drawings of two Algerian species with 11 and 12 seg-

ments. But we must suppose that he has overlooked the first seg-

ment, because the true first segment of all Pselaphognatha known to

me is small and has no lateral bundles of bristles, while the drawings

of Lucas show large first segments with two lateral bundles of bristles.

The number of legs is not mentioned in the text nor visible in the

drawings. Lucas’s species has therefore 12 and 13 segments.

One of his species, Polyxenus rubromarginatus (= Macroxzenus

rubromarginatus Brélem.), has certainly a great resemblance to our

species, having the same scale-like dorsal bristles and the same

unusual number of segments, that is if my supposition is correct.

It differs in the shape of the body, being largest in the middle,

and in the arrangement of the bristles of the anal segment. In

S. hystrix the long bristles are not arranged in a brush-group, while

in rubromarginatus they form three distinct brush-groups. Whether

the bristles of the anal brushes in rubromarginatus are all of the

same kind or whether they include bristles with barbed hooks is

not known.

Gen. MonoGRaPuis Att.

1907. Attems, Javanische Myr. Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, xxiv, p. 96.

Eleven segments with 13 pairs of legs and 9 pleural bristle-groups.

First segment apodous. Segments 2—4 with one, segments 6-11 with

two pairs of legs. Segment 21 apodous. Head broad, eyes present,

four groups of long bristles. Antenna 8-jointed. The eighth joint

very small, with four sensitive papillae. First segment with four

groups of long bristles. Tergites with two groups of long thin bristles

and one row along the posterior border. Anal segment with one

median pencil of bristles (partly like those of the preceding segments,

partly with barbed hooks) and with one row on the posterior margin.

All bristles long and slender. Penis short and thick. The tactile

bristles of the legs abruptly narrowed in the middle.

Two species: one from Java, one from South Africa.

198 Annals of the South African Museum.

87. Monographis schultzer Att.

1909. Attems, L., Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 36.

Prince Albert, Cape, under stones (1640).

Steinkopf, Little Namaqualand ; Kalahari, Lehututu (Att.).

Gen. KoUBANUS nov.

Type: Polyxenus platycephalus Lucas, Explor. Scient. Algérie,

p. 322, pl. i, fig. 1, 1849.

Thirteen segments. The drawing shows 12 tergites, the first with

two large lateral brushes. The fact that the first large lateral brushes

belong to the second segment in the other genera allows us to presume

that Lucas overlooked the first segment. Eleven lateral brushes of

bristles. Head, with six brushes of bristles, very large, larger than

the rest of the body; the body gradually tapers backwards. Ter-

gites with two groups of bristles on each side, one group with very

short small bristles, and one with very long thin bristles. (Pleural

brushes as well.) Anal segment with four brush-groups (barbed

hooks ?). Penis long. Last joimt of the antenna very short, not

half the length of the seventh joint.

The shape of the body much resembles that of Schindalmonotus.

But the two genera differ in the bristles, the number of anal brush-

groups, head-brushes, etc.

2. Subclass Chilognatha Latr.

1. Division OPISTHANDRIA Verh.

1894. Suborder Oypzisthandria Verhoeff, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.

Wien, p. 17.

1898. Order Oniscomorpha Attems, Syst. d. Polydesmiden, i,

p- 226.

1910. Super-order Opisthandria Verhoefi, Dipl. Deutschl., p. 19.

1910. Order Opisthandria Verhoefi, Nov. Acta., xcii, p. 213.

1914. Division Oniscomorpha Attems, Indo.-Austral. Myr., p. 137.

1926. Division Opisthandria Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d.

Zool., iv, p. 114.

The legs of the seventh somite (and of the adjacent somites) not

modified in the g. Instead of anterior gonopods the ¢ possesses

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 199

posterior gonopods (or telopods, Verh.), these being accessory legs of

the g, not present in the . Sternites divided into two halves. The

tracheae dichotomously branched (not arising in great numbers from

the same point on the tracheal trunk). The external tooth-piece of

the mandible coalescent with the median piece. Epipharynx with

free scaffold. The genital glands of 3 and 9 open on the coxae of the

second pair of legs.

It is not easy to choose a name for this group. Pocock, 1887,

divides the subclass Chilognatha into two Orders: Oniscomorpha and

Helminthomorpha. The first is characterised, “‘ Pedibus qui instrumen-

tum copulativum forment, segmente ultimo additis, tracheis ramosis

. ete.” In 1894 Pocock proposed a new Order, Limacomorpha,

“in many respects intermediate in character between the Onisco-

morpha and some families of Helminthomorpha,” as he says. In 1898

I combined the Limacomorpha with the Oniscomorpha, because the

affinity between these two Orders is much greater than that between

LIimacomorpha and Helminthomorpha, and I gave to this group the

name Oniscomorpha sens. lat. I now change this name and accept

the name Opisthandria, to avoid the inevitable confusion resulting

from Division and Order having the same name.

The Limacomorpha are not represented in the South African (nor

in the whole Ethiopian) fauna.

OrpeER ONISCOMORPHA Pocock.

1887. Order Oniscomorpha Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), xx,

p. 291.

1889. Family Glomeridae Latzel, Myr. 6st. Ung. Mon., ii, p. 81.

1895. Order Oniscomorpha Cook, Ann. N. York Ac. Sci., ix, p. 2.

1896. Order Oniscomorpha Silvestri, I Diplopodi, p. 86.

1898. Suborder Glomeroidea Attems, Syst. d. Polydesmiden, i,

p- 226.

1903. Order Oniscomorpha Silvestri, Diplop. Anatom., p. 22.

1910. Order Oniscomorpha Verhoeff, Diplop. Deutschl., p. 20.

1914. Order Pentazonia Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 137.

1926. Order Oniscomorpha Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

TY De ILI 7

The name Pentazonia was proposed by Brandt in 1833 for the

Glomeridia and Sphaerotheria; but the classification of the Chelog-

natha as Pentazonia, Trizonia, and Monozonia is so vague that it

200 Annals of the South African Museum.

is better to abandon this old name (having indeed priority, but so

badly bestowed), and I now prefer the new name Oniscomorpha.

Twelve or thirteen somites ; 2 with 17 or 21, 3 with 19 or 23 pairs

of legs (in the 3 the telopods are included). The body can be rolled

up into a ball, the head and legs being concealed when it is thus

rolled up. The sternites are divided, each half lateral to the coxae ;

the pleurites on the lateral side of the sternites. Gnathochilarium

without lamellae linguales. The last two pairs of appendages of the 3

are telopods; the second pair of telopods especially are greatly

modified. The last tergite very large, not covered by the preceding

tergite.

1. Suborder GLoMERIDIA Brandt.

1833. Glomeridia Brandt, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vi, p. 194.

1884. Subfam. Glomerinae Latzel, Myr. Oest. Ung. Mon., ui, p. 83.

1894. Fam. Glomeridae Pocock, Max. Weber’s Reise, 11, p. 322.

1910. Suborder Plesiocerata Verhoefi, Diplop. Deutschl., p. 21.

1913. Suborder Plesiocerata Brélemann, Biospelaeogica, xxx1;

Arch. Zool. Exp., lii, p. 387.

1914. Suborder Glomeridia Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 187.

1926. Suborder Glomeridia Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 120.

$ with 19, 2 with 17 pairs of appendages (legs and telopods). The

sternal plate is a syntergite formed from two somites. Behind the

sternal plate 9 or 10 tergites. Ten pairs of pleurites. Stipites

gnathochilaru with two palpallobes. The ocelliin one row or wanting.

The telopods (eighteenth and nineteenth pairs of appendages) with- ~

out stridulating organs. The seventeenth pair sometimes modified

(adventive telopod).

The Glomeridia are not represented in the South African fauna.

2. Suborder SPHAEROTHERIA Brandt.

1833. Sphaerotheria Brandt, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vi, p. 198.

1884. Subfam. Sphaerotheria Latzel, Myr. Oest. Ung. Mon., ii, p. 123.

1894. Fam. Zephroniidae Pocock, Max. Weber’s Reise, p. 325.

1896. Fam. Sphaerotheridae Silvestri, I Diplopodi, p. 88.

1910. Suborder Chorizocerata Verhoefi, Diplop. Deutschl., p. 20.

1914. Suborder Sphaerotheria Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 139.

1926. Suborder Sphaerotheria Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

rae) evar GUL

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 201

3S with 23, 2 with 21 pairs of appendages (the twenty-second and

twenty-third pairs of the g being telopods). Sternal plate a simple

somite. Behind the sternal plate are eleven tergites. Eleven pairs

of pleurites. Stipites gnathochilarii with one palpal lobe. Ocelli

numerous in a round spot containing several rows. Telopods

(twenty-second and twenty-third pairs) with stridulating organs

(always ?). Twenty-first pair not modified.

The great majority of the Sphaerotheridae are very imperfectly

known, and therefore it is difficult if not impossible to define the

genera or families.

The South African Sphaerotheridae were treated in a special paper

by Silvestri,* who describes seven hitherto known and fourteen new

species of Sphaerothervwm, without entering into the question of which

are the correct generic names. All the South African Sphaerotheridae

belong to one genus, it is true, but what is its name ?

In 1833 Brandt proposed the genus Sphaerothervwm with five species,

four from the Cape and one patria ignota; the species were called

rotundatum, compressum, lechtensterni, elongatum from the Cape;

punctatum from an unknown locality. Since then a great number of

species have been published, generally in a very incomplete form.

In 1886 Bourne described in detail the telopods and the stridulating

organ of two species of Sphaerotherium, called by him S. obtusum

Koch and retuwsum Koch, in which connection it may be observed that

the identification of Koch’s species is a little arbitrary, all the species

being so vaguely defined at the time when Bourne wrote his paper.

We do not know why he chose just these names for the animals

which he examined.

In 1902 Saussure proposed the genus Bouwrnellum for the species

possessing the stridulating organ described by Bourne, and placed

the species from Madagascar, which have a differently formed stridu-

lating organ, in the old genus Sphaerotherium. In describing the

Myriopods of the Deutsche Siidpolar Expedition I followed Saussure

and accepted the genus Bournellum without examining the correctness

of this name. It is now evident that all the South African species

of Sphaerotheridae possess the same stridulating organ as described

by Bourne for obtusum and retusum, so therefore does the type-species

of the genus Sphaerothervum, S. rotundatum. Hence the species with

Bourne’s stridulating organ on the telopods must retain the old name

Sphaerotherium ; the name Bournellum proposed by Saussure must be

* Silvestri, Materiali per una revisione dei Diplopoda Oniscomorpha, Boll.

Lab. Zool. scuola sup. Portici, iv, 1910.

202 Annals of the South African Museum.

dropped and the species described by him as Sphaerotheriwm must

have a new generic name. These changes are certainly regrettable,

but they are inevitable.

On account of the incompleteness of the old descriptions it is quite

impossible to say exactly what forms Brandt, Koch, Porat, etc.,

intended, and the whole of the old synonymy is purely arbitrary, most

of the descriptions containing only characters found in any species

of the whole family. Silvestri has examined some type-specimens of

Porat and arranged them thus: (A) The species described as new by

Porat; (B) the species connected by Porat with an old name, in the

sense of Porat. But whether Porat used these old names in the same

sense as the former authors remains uncertain. We can therefore

say only with this limitation, that the species Sphaerothervum rotun-

datum Brandt is fixed, 7.e. in the sense given it by Silvestri. But if

one doubts whether rotundatum Porat-Silvestri is identical with rotun-

datum Brandt, one must bear in mind that all the South African species

belong to the same genus, and that Brandt certainly had members

of this genus before him when in 1833 he described S. rotundatum,

S. compressum, etc. Consequently the South African species belong

to Sphaerothervum sens. strict., and the species from Madagascar to

a genus called Globothervum Brol.

In the Myr. d. Deutschen Siidpolar Expedition I enumerated the

different patterns of stridulating organs as follows :—

I. One or several keels on the first telopodite joint of the

anterior gonopod.

II. Rasping-organs on the tarsus of the first gonopod and

corresponding spinules on the process of the tibia.

III. Transverse ridges on the tibia of the posterior gonopods.

IV. Rasping-organs on the tarsus of the posterior gonopod

and corresponding little spinules on the tibial process of the same

appendage.

Key to the Genera of Sphaerotheridae.

la. Femur of the posterior telopod with several transverse ridges. Pygidium

with two groups of tubercles on the internal surface. Seventh joint of the

antenna visible, short, cylindrical. Vulva consisting of three pieces

Sphaerotherium Brol.

1b. Femur of the posterior telopods without ridges or keels ‘ 5 a

2a. Praefemur of the anterior telopod with one or several strong keels (stridulating

organs) ; 8h.

3a. Seventh joint of the antennae visible, short, cylindrical. Tibio-tarsus of the

anterior telopod with suleated knobs (stridulating organs). Praefemur of

anterior telopod with one or several longitudinal keels Globotherium Brol.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 203

3b. Seventh joint of antenna only a disk on the tip of the sixth joint. Tibio-tarsus

of anterior telopod without stridulating organs. Praefemur of anterior

telopod with rectangular area of several keels . Sphaeromimus 8. et Z.

2b. Praefemur of anterior telopod without stridulating organs (keels, etc.) . 4.

4a. Praefemur of anterior telopod with long internal prolongation, the immovable

finger of the pincer. Seventh joint of antennae short, cylindrical. Antennae

with four sensitive cones 6 i : Cyliosoma Poe.

4b. Praefemur of anterior telopod mithout lange process ; the immovable finger

is a femoral prolongation , a § &,

5a. Vulva consisting of four pieces, the statin ana Gietall paves hone both

divided into two pieces . ‘ : é Heligmasoma Chamb.

5b. Vulva consisting of two or three pieces, one half (the operculum or the proximal

half) or both halves being undivided : , : s

6a. The operculum of the vulva divided, the proximal half nee durded

Arthrosphaera Poe.

6b. The operculum not divided 4 : ; : : : mals

7a. The shield anteriorly nearly vertical The anterior half of tergites 2-12

with scattered small spines directed backwards . Borneopoeus Verh.

7b, Shield without such anterior declivity. Tergites without spines . 5 teh

8a. The femoral process of the posterior telopod strongly clubbed. Tibia and

tarsus of posterior telopod separated. No stridulating organs. Antennae

with numerous sensitive cones 3 2 . Sphaerobelum Verh.

8b, The femoral process of the posterior {eloped not clubbed. A a | saad)

9a. Seventh joint of antenna short, cylindrical. Vulva consisting of three pieces,

the proximal half being bipartite. : 5. | IO;

10a. The internal shell of the vulva much smaller than fhe eater shell, Anterior

telopod without stridulating organs. The tibio-tarsus undivided (Australia)

Procyliosoma Silv.

106. The internal shell of the vulva nearly as large as the external shell. Anterior

telopod with Lae ae on the tibia; tibia and tarsus separated

(South Africa) , : . Kylindotherium Att.

9b. The seventh joint of antenna a qual on the ep of the sixth joint, bearing the

sensitive cones. Vulva consisting of two pieces

Bothrobelum Verh., Castanotherium Poc., Tonkinobelum Verh.,

Sphaeropoeus Brol.

Gen. SPHAEROTHERIUM Brandt.

1833. Sphaerothervum Brandt, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vi, p. 198.

1886. Sphaerothervum Bourne, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix, p. 161.

1902. Bournellum Saussure, Zehntner, Grandidier, Madagascar,

pp. 19, 20.

The species of Sphaerotherium seem to be very uniform at the first

glance, and this impression is accentuated by a superficial study of

the telopods, but on further investigation they prove to offer an

abundance of good characters. In the Oniscomorpha the distinction

between the species, genera, etc., is not made so preponderatingly on

204 Annals of the South African Museum.

the characters of the telopods as it is on the gonopods in the

Proterandria ; we have to make use of a large number of other

characters such as the following :—

1. Antennae.—The number of sensitive cones on the last (eighth) joint

varies : some species have four cones, some species more than four.

2. Shield.—The second tergite (shield—* Brustschild ” in German)

of the Sphaerotheridae is a simple tergite, as Verhoeft has demon-

strated, in contrast to the corresponding plate of the Glomeridia,

which is formed from a fusion of two tergites. Verhoeff calls the

shield of the Glomeridia a bisyntergite, because he maintains that all

the somites of the Diplopoda, including the first four, are double-

somites like the fifth and following somites. I do not agree with this

view ; I believe that the first somites of all the Diplopoda are simple,

bearing one pair of legs (or none), and that therefore also the shield

of the Glomeridia is composed of two simple somites. Here, in the

Sphaerotheridae, the shield belongs, as aforesaid, to one simple somite.

Several parts of this shield offer good characters for the systematist.

The surface is separated by a small furrow from the fine thickened

border in the middle of the fore part. This furrow begins to be

enlarged behind the lateral corners of the collum and becomes more

or less expanded like the brim of a hat, and is therefore called the

brim of the shield. When well developed the brim is always covered

with hairs, while the adjacent parts are naked. The surface of the

shield, generally much raised in comparison with the brim, is con-

nected with it by a declivity. This declivity is steeper in the fore part

and more sloping in the posterior part of the sides. It is always

smooth and shining, even when the surface of the shield is covered —

with punctuation, wrinkles, and hairs. It often bears a small number

of oblique low keels; the upper end of these keels may be connected

by a fine rim running round the side of the raised surface. The

brim may disappear or not be developed, when the declivity ends

close to the marginal border. The width of the brim is often used in

the key ; the width being always measured in the antero-lateral part,

where differences are most distinct.

3. Tergites.—The surface of the tergites shows two kinds of punctua-

tion : (a) very small punctures, the openings of little canals perforating

the chitin, found not only on the tergites, but in nearly all parts of the

chitin and being probably the openings of unicellular hypodermal

glands. They are found in conjunction with the second kind: (6)

much larger punctures, also the openings of canals containing one

nerve and bearing a little hair or bristle. I have called this kind of

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 205 ©

punctuation setiferous punctuation. The hairs are generally minute

and difficult to see; sometimes, as in S. dorsale, S. subdorsale, they

are larger and the surface resembles fur. The hairs and larger

punctures are completely wanting in S. rotundatum, S. tenwtarse,

S. kitharistes (and ? dinogonum Silv.). In these species the tergites

are very densely covered by the small punctures.

The anterior border of the tergites, the under side of the posterior

margin, and the membrane connecting adjacent somites offer some

important characters. The surface of the tergite slopes, in the fore

part, down to a little furrow bounded in front by a small rim; the

surface of this may bear little round protuberances like pearls, arranged

in One row or in several rows; we then say that the anterior border

of the tergite is beaded. From this edge the anterior border slopes

again to a second rim; the membrane connecting two somites, the

intersegmental membrane, is attached to this second edge; the other

edge of the membrane is attached at some distance from the posterior

margin on the under side of the preceding somite.

The intersegmental membrane has three kinds of protuberances :

(a) dark cones (fig. 81 ¢), pointed or blunt, being only thickenings of

the membrane and immovable; (b) movably mounted hairs or

bristles (fig. 81 6), generally dispersed, rarely dense (iS. dorsale, S.

subdorsale), or wanting (S. kitharistes) ; (c) little hairy points (fig. 81 a)

of microscopical size, springing from a relatively large pore. The

anterior margin is not beaded in S. gigantewm, punctulatum, kith-

aristes, spinatum, modestum; indistinctly beaded in 8S. dicrothriz,

beaded in the other species.

The under side of the tergites bears a ridge at some distance from

the posterior margin and parallel to it (fig. 51 a); the surface of this

ridge often has one row of longitudinal callosities, the marginal

callosities (fig. 82 w). Close behind these callosities the marginal

bristles (fig. 51) are inserted in one or several rows; sometimes the

bristles are inserted partly in the sinus between the callosities. The

base of each bristle is surrounded by a ring, higher in front. The

bristles are generally simple ; in S. dicrothriz some of them are forked,

in S. rotundatum they are pennate, and in S. civicum they have little

short lateral teeth. The sides of the tergites are narrowed. Their

anterior part is covered by the preceding tergite and its surface

generally bears oblique rounded wrinkles. The under surface of the

side is hollowed out in the posterior part for the reception of the

following tergite, the cavity being bounded in front by a sharp edge.

The anterior part of the under surface of the sides sometimes bears

206 Annals of the South African Museum.

a more or less distinct, dark-coloured longitudinal keel. In several

species tergites 2-12 have a somewhat raised part in the middle line,

broader in front, narrowing and disappearing after the middle—the

median keel. It is always very smooth and shining, more striking on

account of its smoothness than of its height.

4. Pygidium.—The pygidium of the ¢ is sometimes different from

that of the 29; 1t may be impressed in the middle, bear a longitudinal

densely hairy stripe, or a little knob on the posterior border; or the

margin may be raised like that of a bell.

5. Legs.—The distal margin of the coxa in some species is oblique

and the lateral border steep, while in other species the lateral border

of the coxa projects more or less as a rounded lobe, sometimes reaching

beyond the distal margin of the coxa; this lobe in other species is

directed laterally, and is more or less poimted and conical. The

second pair of legs of the 9 has some special characteristics : the coxa —

often has a protuberance on the lateral border, a cone or a lobe ;

in these cases the remaining legs have also a lateral lobe, but some

species have no protuberance on the second leg of the 2, while the

remaining legs have a lobe, as in S. spinatum, punctulatum, eremita,

compressum. The coxae of the second leg and of the remaining legs

of the 2 have one lateral lobe in S. giganteum, cinctellum, dicrothria,

solitarium, modestum ; no lateral lobe or protuberance on any of the

legs in S. tuberosum, commune, rotundatum, dorsaloide, kitharistes,

tenuitarse, dorsale. The coxa is always covered with long hairs and

generally also with some short spines, especially on the lateral border

near the base and on the outer lobe. The third joint of the legs

sometimes shows a finely serrulate longitudinal crest or edge. The

fifth joint has one or two spines above near the claw in S. rotundatum,

tenuitarse, spinatum, and kitharistes. In these species (with the

exception of S. spinatum) the setiferous punctures on the tergites

are wanting; the tergites are, on the contrary, densely covered with

little punctures—the other kind of punctuation. Naked tergites

are found also in S. dinogonum, which belongs to a different group

with more than four sense cones on the antennae and without a spine

on the fifth joint of the legs. The last joint of the legs varies in being

longer and more slender or shorter and broader, the under side pro-

truding, but these differences are but small and of no practical value.

The last joint of the second leg of the 2 is generally not spined above ;

only in S. subdorsale is there one spine. On the under side this joint

has one spine in S. spinatum and dicrothriz, one or two spines in

solitarium and modestum, three spines in punctulatum, four spines in

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 207

rotundatum, tenuitarse, tuberosum, commune, cinctellum, giganteum,

compressum, eremita ; six spines in dorsalovde, eight spines in subdorsale.

The vulva is composed of three pieces, two proximal, the “ internal

shell”? and the ‘‘ external shell’’ (valve interne et valve externe,

Brélemann), and one distal, the operculum, the form of the distal piece

varying.* It is broadly rounded and but little pubescent in S.

giganteum, commune, tuberosum, dorsaloide, subdorsale, compressum,

cinctellum, dorsale, solitarium, eremita, kitharistes ; broadly rounded

and densely covered with hairs in spinatum. It is slender and

triangular and sparsely pubescent in punctulatum, dicrothrix, modes-

tum, convexitare, granulatum ; lengthened and rod-like in tenwitarse

and rotundatum. The operculum is never bilobed as in Globotherium.

6. Telopods.—The anterior telopods consist of a syncoxite and

telopodites. The syncoxite shows in the median line more or less

distinctly the suture between the two coxae; this suture is as a rule

only visible in the basal half. The syncoxite is never covered with

hairs, and it bears the two telopodites; on the oral side (and only

on this side) we see one condyle. The telopodite consists of three or

four joints: the femur, tibia, and the 1- or 2-jointed tarsus. Hither-

to the tarsus of Sphaerothervwm has been generally described as

1-jointed, but in some species it is 2-jointed, the suture between the

two joints still being visible. The condition where both joints are

fused is secondary. The first joint of the telopodite, the femur, is

nearly cylindrical and bears the second joint. The second joint, or

tibia, has a lappet-shaped process on the aboral or median side,

covered more or less distinctly with little papillae. The corresponding

half of this stridulating organ consists of little ridged papillae on the

tarsus ; the majority of these papillae belong to the proximal tarsal

joint and are arranged ina semicircle. The distal joint of the tarsus,

or if the tarsus is coalescent, the corresponding part of the single

joint, bears sometimes several little ridged papillae as described and

2-4 strong short spines, one or two black blunt knobs, especially

well developed in S. dorsale. The tarsus is distinctly 2-jointed in

rotundatum, punctulatum, tenuitarse.

The posterior telopods consist of syncoxite and telopodites. The

syncoxite (fig. 48 sc.) shows no suture between the coxae. On the oral

side its base is arched, on the aboral side it becomes flatter and flatter,

passing into the intersegmental membrane between anal plate and

syncoxite. The syncoxite bears two processes; in front on the oral

side a pair of little horns (fig. 48 sh.) and behind a pair of dorso-ventrally

* See Brélemann, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xlvii, p. 228.

208 Annals of the South African Museum.

flattened lobes, the bristle-lobes (fig. 48 Jl). The little horns are

covered with very fine and short hairs; they are narrowed towards

the tip, but the tip itself is sometimes enlarged like a trumpet. The

length of the horns compared with that of the bristle-lobes can be

used systematically. Generally the horns are longer than the lobes,

but the reverse may be the case. This relation, being dependent on

the position of the preparation under the microscope, must be used

with caution. The telopodite consists of femur, tibia, and tarsus, the

last sometimes showing traces of two joints. The first joint, the

femur (fig. 48 F#) has no peculiarities; it is hairless. The second

joint, z.e. the tibia, bears on the lateral side the main part of the

stridulating organs; a cushion-shaped swelling covered with trans-

verse ridges separated by rounded furrows. The ridges are visible

especially on the aboral side; only the ends of them run on to the

oral side. The lateral margin of the tibia is generally more prom-.

inent than the lateral margin of the tarsus, forming thus a kind of

step. On the median side the tibia has a long and strong process,

forming together with the tarsus a pair of pincers. This process

has, on the side turned towards the tarsus, an oblong spot covered

with thin, membrane-like chitin. Out of this opening rise one or

two soft finger-shaped or conical processes. Generally there are two

(S. cinctellum, dorsaloide, punctulatum, tenwitarse, spinatum, subdorsale,

commune). One process only is present in S. gigantewm, rotundatum,

kitharistes, civicum, dicrothriz. In S. dorsale the single process is not

soft, but firm like the adjacent chitin. I could not detect such processes

in S. compressum and tuberosum, but as the material was limited and

not too well preserved, these processes will perhaps be found in these ~

species also. They seem liable in some degree to change their aspect.

The surface turned towards the tarsus is covered with hairs and has

one row of little tubercles opposed to the tubercules of the tarsus

(the fourth kind of stridulating organ). The outside of the tibia is

sometimes covered with hairs, sometimes naked. The tarsus bears

on the inner side (which is turned towards the process of the tibia)

one soft, triangular white lappet beset sometimes with one or several

small bristles, or these bristles may be based on a little cushion beside

the lappet. The lappet is wanting in S. dorsale and subdorsale.

Sometimes (in S. compressum) there is found a second similar lappet

distal to the usual one. In some species (S. punctulatum, tenuitarse,

civicum, dicrothrix) the primitive condition of two joints is indicated

by a weak suture. On the aboral side the tarsus bears one longitudinal

row of furrowed knobs, the stridulating organ IV. mentioned above.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 209

The following characters are less important for the distinction of

the species than of general interest.

The shape and the component parts of the gnathochilarium are

known well enough, but their interpretation is very controversial.

In Sphaerotherium the large plate occupying the largest portion of

the whole gnathochilarium is solidly connected with a little basal

plate, confined to the hypostoma. The basal plate and the large

central plate are connected by a dark-yellow hairless zone; the

connection is rigid, sutures are not visible, and the limits between this

connecting zone and the two connected parts are made distinct only

by the colour and the bareness of the connecting zone. It seems that

in other Sphaerotheriidae the basal plate is freer; the drawings of

von Rath, Silvestri, and Verhoefi lead us to this conclusion. This

basal plate is interpreted by von Rath and Verhoeff as the mentum,

by Silvestri as the inframaxillare. I interpret it also as the mentum.

The large main plate is declared by von Rath to be the coalescent

product of the promentum and the two lamellae linguales; by

Silvestri it is regarded as the “ infrabasilare,’’ by Verhoeff as the

“Jamellocardines,” 2.e. the product of coalesced lamellae linguales

with hypothetical large cardines: a very remarkable multiplicity of

views. I look upon this plate as the coalesced lamellae linguales.

This lamella lingualis bears two papilla-caps (“ Zapfchen-kappen,”

Verhoefi) and the two stipites. I was led to this interpretation by

the conditions as found in a newly examined Glomeridesmus. The

Limacomorpha in some respects connect the Oniscomorpha sens.

strict. and the Helminthomorpha, as regards the gnathochilarium.

In Glomeridesmus we find adjacent to the hypostoma the mentum

completely separated from the large lamella lingualis; the stipites

are nearly connected with the mentum, separated from it only by

a short lappet of the lamella lngualis. On the distal front of the

lamella lingualis are two small but distinct lappets. The conditions

being very similar in the Sphaerotheridae, here also the large plate

in question is the product of coalescent lamellae linguales. The

Sphaerotheridae are in most respects the continuation of the Lima-

comorpha: the mentum, entirely free in Glomeridesmus, is coalescent

with the lamella lingualis in Sphaerotherium. The stipites, nearly

touching the mentum in the former, are widely separated from it in

the latter. Furthermore, if we did not know Glomeridesmus, it would

be very difficult to believe the truth of Verhoefi’s explanation; the

lamellae linguales and cardines being of enormous size and fused

completely without any trace of a median suture.

VOL. XXVI. 14

210 Annals of the South African Museum.

The legs of the Sphaerotheridae are treated in detail by Verhoef in

the Diplop. Deutschlands. The coxae of the first and second pairs

are closely contiguous, but they are joined only by a small basal

bridge. The last joint of the first to the third pair is not spined above,

and the number of spines on the under side of the first and second

pairs is less, being three or four. The penis, with the opening of the

vas deferens, lies in a rounded cavity on the aboral side of the second

coxa. It is a little rounded stump with a transversely ovate opening.

Distribution.—The genus, sens. strict. as taken here, seems to be

confined to South Africa, where it occurs abundantly in the Cape

Province and the Transvaal; three species are found in Portuguese

East Africa—two in Lourencgo Marques, and one (S. kztharistes) in

Macequece.

Synopsis of the Species of Sphaerotherium.

la. Antenna with four sense cones . : : : ; : : ws

2a. Fifth joint of legs with 1-2 spines above . é : : : 6 3b

3a. Shield, tergites, and pygidium with setiferous pits. Tergites with marginal

callosities. Q vulva broadly rounded, densely covered with hairs. Last

joint of the second leg of Q with one spine below. The coxae of the legs

with projecting lobe on the outside é : . (1) spinatum Silv.

3b. Dorsum without setiferous pits. Tergites without marginal callosities ;

distal piece of vulva slender, pointed or rounded, partly covered with

hairs. Last joint of second leg of 2 with 3-4 ae below. Coxae without

projecting lobe on the outside : : 0 >

4a. The legs with peculiar sense organs (little round cay ates aah a Grenaitiye cone) ;

marginal bristles of the tergites with lateral branched spines

(2) rotundatum Br.

4b, Legs without these sense organs. Marginal bristles simple . : 5, BY

5a. Pygidium without median keel. The brim of the shield broad; distal piece

of vulva long, rod-like. Tarsus of anterior gonopod 2-jointed. Process of

second joint of the telopodite of posterior telopods with two finger-like

lobes. Intersegmental membrane with bristles. Anterior border of the

tergites beaded. ; ; : . (3) tenwitarse Silv.

5b. Pygidium with a low keel in the ponterion half. Brim of shield indistinct.

Distal piece of vulva broader, rounded. Tarsus of the anterior telopod

not divided. Process of the second joint of the telopodite of the posterior

telopod with one finger-like lobe. Intersegmental membrane without

bristles. Anterior border of tergites not beaded . (4) kitharistes n. sp.

2b. Fifth joint of legs not spined above . : : : ; : 5) @

6a. All tergites without a median keel : : bal pals

7a. Surface of the pygidium, especially in the Paria denice aranalatea

(5) granulatum Poe.

7b. Surface of the pygidium not granulated . : : =) 30:

8a. The lateral lobes of the shield projecting more Hackwaraly than in other

species, The distal piece of the vulva sharp, triangular

(6) convexitarsum Silv.

8b.

9a.

10a.

10d.

lla.

110.

a, 12

12a.

13a.

130.

12b.

14a.

145.

6b.

15a.

16a.

16).

156.

17a.

176.

1b.

18a.

19a.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 211

The lateral lobes of the shield normal; distal piece of vulva broadly

rounded é : . ‘ 5

Pygidium of ¢ uniformly eth Snot impression or hairy eens 5 10,

Brim of the shield very broad ; the sides of the tergites without longitudinal

keels on the under side . : : : . (7) commune n. sp.

Brim of shield narrow. Sides of toreites with longitudinal keels below . 11.

Operculum broadly rounded. Coxa and praefemur beset with conical spines

(8) webert Silv.

Operculum pointed. Coxa and praefemur without conical spines

(9) millepunctatum n. sp.

ygidium of d impressed . é : el2:

Se side of coxa of second leg of 9 not projectine: The process of the

second joint of the telopodite of posterior telopod without finger-like

lobes. : é . 13.

Pygidium almost without setiterous pits ind MtHOnE aie Cape! Coxa

rounded laterally, not projecting. : . (10) tuberosum n. sp.

Pygidium with dispersed setiferous pits, the 3 with a fenesindinal dense, hairy

stripe in the posterior half. Coxa with rounded projecting lobe on the

outside. 4 é : (11) trichopygum Att.

Coxa of second leg of 9 ain into rally projecting lobe. (Second joint of

telopodite not known) . é : 0 : . 14

Brim of the shield broad ; distal piece of valve ienger and narrow

(12) intermedium, Silv.

Brim of the shield narrow. Distal piece of vulva broad, rounded

(13) swbmite Silv.

Tergites 3-12 with median keel (a smooth, shining, and Beigua raised

strip) . : 6 g : o Alli,

Coxa of second leg of 2 mien a protibermnien: on the (tora margin . “LG:

Coxa of the remaining legs with rounded lobe on the outside surpassing or at

least reaching the distal margin. Last joint of the legs swollen on the under

side. Marginal bristles arranged in a zone consisting of several rows.

Pygidium of $ bearing a little knob in the middle of the posterior border

(14) einctellum Silv.

Coxae of the legs declivous from the distal margin to the base on the outside,

with a weak protuberance in the middle of the outer surface. Last joint

of legs more slender, not strongly vaulted on the under side. Marginal

bristles arranged in one single row. Only a low protuberance on the

posterior border of the pygidium of the ; . (15) plagiarium Silv.

Coxa of second leg of 2 without protuberance on the lateral margin . pelt

Coxa of the remaining legs with rounded lobe on the outer surface, extending

beyond the distal margin. Third joint of the legs without denticulate edge.

The hairs of the dorsum minute. : : . (16) ancillare n. sp.

Coxae without projecting lobe on the outer surface. Third joint of the legs

with a fine, denticulate edge. The hairs of the dorsum longer, like fur

(17) dorsaloide Silv.

Antenna with more than four sense cones. : ‘ : : 5 IGE

Tergites, beginning from the third, with median keel . : : > ih

Surface of tergites without hairs ; coxa of second leg of 9 with lateral cone

(18) dinogonum Silv.

212

190.

20a.

200.

Annals of the South African Museum.

Surface of tergites with setiferous pits. Coxa of second leg of 9 without

lateral cone. Hairs of dorsum relatively long. Tarsus of posterior telopod

without triangular lobe. Intersegmental membrane densely covered with

hairs, intermixed with dark cones . 3 : : 5 6 AO)

Terminal joint of second leg of 2 not spined otres The impression on the

pygidium is bounded above by a rounded protuberance. Process of second

joint of telopodite of posterior telopod with one rigid blunt tooth

(19) dorsale Gerv.

Terminal joint of second leg of 2 with one spine above near the claw. The

impression on the pygidium dies out above gradually. Process of second

telopodite of posterior telopod with two soft triangular lobes

(20) subdorsale Silv.

. All tergites without median keel : : j ‘ ; : eile

, Brim of shield broad i : 2 4 ; eae

. Lobe on the outer side of the coxae brosaiy eomiea : : 9 BB

. Process of second telopodite of posterior telopods with large blent teeth.

Pygidium of g with hairy median spot . : : (21) boertum Silv.

. Process of second telopodite not toothed. Pygidium without hairy spot

(22) apicale Silv.

. Lobe on the outer side of the coxae conical. : é : j . 24:

. Coxa of second leg of 2 without lateral lobe : . (23) eremzta n. sp.

. Coxa of second leg of 2 with large laterallobe . F eos

. No keels on the declivity of the shield. The setiferous pits oi the pygidium

fine and dense. , . (24) modestum n. sp.

. Small keels present on ihe cechnite of the elvelal The setiferous pits of the

pygidium large and scattered 5 :? : (25) coniferum Silv.

(26) permodestum Silv.

. Brim of shield narrow ; : : : : : : . 26.

. Surface of shield without setiterous pits. Margin of the pygidium of the

6 not raised. Anterior border of the pene beaded. Smaller species,

ca.9mm.wide . c ; LOT

7a. No marginal callosities on the es Mae of Ene tergites ; ri daval pectin with

29a.

lateral points. Lobe on outer side of the coxa roandea (27) civicum n. sp.

. Marginal callosities present. Marginal bristles without lateral spines, some-

times forked. Lobe on outer side of the coxa pointed, conical, or with

several points : ¢ : ao Ash

. Marginal bristles partly fonied: agrenpedti in one row. ‘Dobe on outer side of

the coxa with several points . : : : . (28) dicrothrix n. sp.

. Marginal bristles simple, arranged in several rows. Lobe on outer side of

the coxa simple, conical : : : (29) solitarium n. sp.

. Shield with setiferous pits. The margin aa the pygidium of the g expanded

like that of a bell. Anterior border of the tergites not beaded. Very large

species, up to 32 mm. wide. : 4 . 29.

The thickened margin of the pygidium is cut off ebhquely so he the odeee is

sharp. No lateral keel at the sides of the pygidium-on the underside. No

marginal callosities of the tergites. Tarsi of anterior and posterior telopods

2-jointed. Second joint of the telopodite of the posterior telopod with two

finger-like lobes. Coxa of second leg of 2 without teeth on the lateral

margin. Distal piece of vulva slender, triangular (30) punctulatum, Brandt.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 213

296. The thickened margin of the pygidium rounded, without a sharp edge. One

dark lateral callosity of the pygidium on the under side. Marginal callosities

present on tergites. Tarsi of anterior and posterior telopods simple.

Second joint of telopodite of posterior telopods with one finger-like lobe.

On the outer side of the coxa of the second leg of 9 one strong tooth. Distal

piece of vulva broadly rounded : : : . (31) giganteum Por.

88. (1) Sphaerothervum spinatum Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 187.

(BE esao3 9. 10s)

Colour olivaceous. Width, 911-5 mm.; 215 mm.

Head densely and roughly punctate and pubescent on the fore

part, less so on the remainder. Collum with dispersed setiferous

pits. Shield with the brim broad, hairy, the declivity without or

with faint keels. The pits of the surface large, the hairs minute.

Tergites with the setiferous pits dense, moderately large, dispersed on

the posterior border. Anterior border sharp, not beaded, the ex-

cavation behind the border with weak longitudinal furrows, the first

zone of the surface with very dense and small punctures, smaller than

the pits of the open part. The marginal bristles (fig. 8) arranged in

an irregular zone of several rows, extending far beyond the posterior

margin; before them one transverse row of oval black callosities.

Intersegmental membrane with dispersed long hairs, thick conical

protuberances and numerous minute pointed hairs. Part of the sides

covered with corrugated wrinkles, no keel on the underside. Pygidium

densely punctate, the hairs minute, no peculiar sculpture in the 3.

No keel on the under side laterally. The 3 has large granular spots

at the sides which are densely covered with hair.

Coxae with a large, rounded lobe on the outer side, beset with some

black spines and numerous long hairs. Basal part of the coxa also

spined. Fifth joint with one strong spine above. Second pair of

legs of 2 with the coxa densely covered with hairs laterally, and

bearing some spines but no lateral lobe; the inner side is also spined.

The fifth joint not spined above; the last joint has one spine below.

The vulva is much shorter than in tenwitarse and rotundatum, broadly

rounded, densely covered with long hairs. (The drawing of Silvestri

is not correct). Gonopods (figs. 9, 10). The outer side of the tibia

of the posterior gonopods projecting, forming a distinct step with the

tarsus, not hairy; the inner side moderately hairy to the tip of the

process. The process has two white lappets. The tarsus has one

214 Annals of the South African Museum.

triangular lappet bearing two spines, and two small and one larger

spine below the tip; on the inner side one row of furrowed tubercles

(Silvestri says from the tibial process “*

taken as a whole, short and clumsy.

Koega, Uitenhage Div. (7410) ; Dunbrody, on the Sundays River,

Uitenhage Div. (7377); Graafi-Reinet (B. 2226), Port Elizabeth

(Silv.), Cape.

inermis”’). The pincers,

89. (2) Sphaerothertum rotundatum Brandt.

1872. Sphaerotherium rotundatum Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., v,

19s OE

1872. Sphaerotherium viride Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., v, p. 6.

1872. Sphaerotherium pubescens, Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v,

Dale

1910. Sphaerotherium rotundatum Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici,

iv, p. 184.

(Pl. I, figs. 11-14.)

Silvestri has examined the type-specimens of Porat, therefore the

identity of rotundatum Porat and rotundatum Silvestri is undoubted.

Whether rotundatum Brandt and Porat are identical is impossible

to decide. The descriptions of both are useless in the modern

sense. The species is fixed now in the sense of Silvestri, to whom I

also leave the responsibility concerning the synonymy of viride and

pubescens.

Shield with the brim moderately broad, pubescent ; the declivity

broad and the keels upon it distinct. Along the anterior border of

the collum one row of setiferous pits, the rest smooth. Surface of

shield and tergites densely covered with little punctures, but com-

pletely lacking pits and hairs. The sides of the tergites and the

pygidium with dark-coloured longitudinal keels on the under side.

Anterior margin of the tergites distinctly beaded. The under side of

the posterior border of the tergites is peculiar; the intersegmental

membrane is green, and a broad border behind the line where it is

attached is reddish. The marginal bristles are pennate (fig. 14) ;

they are of unequal length and form little groups, two or three longer

ones converging with one or more shorter in the centre, but the

arrangement is not regular. Behind the bristles there is a dark-

coloured band, but no ecallosities. Behind this dark oval zone,

sharply defined spots are visible of an unknown nature. Pygidium

without peculiarities.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 215

The coxae have no projecting lobe on the outer surface ; the fifth

joint with two strong spines above. Second leg of 9: coxa without

any protuberance on the outer side; fifth joint not spined above,

last joint with four spines below. The vulva resembling that of

tenuitarse, the distal piece long, slender, sparsely covered with hairs

(fig. 13). The peculiar sense organs in the legs are described by

Silvestri; little round cavities opening by a small aperture and each

bearing one sensitive hair, which does not project out of the aperture.

These sense organs make the species easily distinguishable. Gono-

pods (figs. 11, 12) : the syncoxite of the anterior gonopods 1s coalescent,

no suture being visible; the tibia is swollen on the outer side. The

tarsus is incompletely 2-jointed, the suture visible only from the

aboral side. The process of the tibia is slender, the stridulating organ

weak. The second tarsal joint bears some conical spines (fig. 12).

The horns of the syncoxite of the posterior gonopods extend beyond

the bristly lobe by a little. The pincers are relatively slender. The

tibial process with only one finger-shaped process. The inner side

of the tibia pubescent, the outer side naked. The tarsus is indistinctly

2-jointed.

Natal.—Pietermaritzburg (B. 3411); Krantzkop (B. 991) ; Durban

(Silvestri). Zransvaal.—Johannesburg (7311). Cape Province.—

Hogsback, Amatola Mts. (B. 806); Knysna (B. 5258); Kentani,

Transkei (A. 2442).

90. (3) Sphaerotherium tenwtarse Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 186.

(Pl. I, figs. 15-18.)

Colour chestnut, the posterior border of tergites blackish. Width,

66-8 mm.; 298mm.

Head-plate with the usual coarse setiferous pits. Collum with one

tow of pits along the anterior border. The rest smooth. Shield

with the brim broad, pubescent, eight keels on the declivity. The

surface without setiferous pits, but densely covered with minute

punctures. The tergites not pubescent like the shield, but with the

same minute punctuation. The marginal bristles (fig. 17) arranged

in one row, simple (not pennate as in S. rotundatum). No callosities

in the dark-coloured zone in front of the bristles. Intersegmental

membrane with dark cones, dispersed hairs, and minute hair-points.

Anterior border of the tergites finely beaded, the groove behind the

216 Annals of the South African Museum.

beaded border smooth, the raised surface at the sides with some short

oblique striae. On the under surface of the sides of the tergites and

of the pygidium one dark-coloured keel. Pygidium simply rounded,

without impressions or other peculiarities.

The coxae of the legs with a rounded, but not projecting, pubescent

shoulder on the outer side, no spines; fifth joint with one or two

strong spines above. Second leg of Q (fig. 18): coxa with a small,

scarcely visible, protuberance on the outer side; on the second and

third joints a glandular mass. The fifth joint not spined above, the

last joint with four spines below. The distal piece of the vulva is

long, slender, and rod-shaped. (The drawing of Silvestri is not

correct.) The second and third joints of the posterior legs of the 3

bear shiny papillae on the under side. The syncoxite of the anterior

gonopods is coalescent. The tibia is swollen on the outer side. The

process is pointed, in contrast to spimatum, where it is rounded. The

tarsus is distinctly 2-jointed. The last joint bears two teeth (fig.

16). The horn of the syncoxite of the posterior gonopods as long as

the bristly lobe, enlarged at the top. The pincers somewhat more

slender than in S. spinatum, otherwise similar. The tibial process

with two finger-shaped lobes, the hairs denser than in S. spinatum.

The tip of the tarsus is indistinctly separated by a suture ; the lappet

of the tarsus bears one little spine (fig. 15).

Natal.—Krantzkop (B. 3395). Transvaal.—Venterstroom (13714) ;

Louis Trichardt (B. 4062) ; 20 miles from Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg

Distr. (7489). Cape Province.—Doornek, Zuurberg Range, Alex-

andria Div. (7414) ; Swellendam (7749) ; Knysna, Cape Colony (Silv.). _

91. (4) Sphaerothervum kitharistes n. sp.

(Pl. I, figs. 19-22.)

Colour olivaceous ; head, collum, shield, and a broad border of the

tergites blackish-brown. ¢ width 7 mm.

Setiferous pits dense on the fore part, dispersed on the remaining

part of the head-plate; four sensitive cones on antenna. Shield:

the declivity begins immediately behind the small marginal furrow,

there is therefore no brim present. In the furrow are some yellow

hairs; on the declivity weak traces of keels. Tergites with dense

minute punctures of microscopic size without setiferous pits. Anterior

border of tergites not beaded. On the under surface of the sides

and of the tergites dark-coloured longitudinal keels. The marginal

bristles are arranged in one single row; they are simple and do not

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 217

reach the posterior margin. In the dark-coloured zone before the

bristles no distinct callosities. On the intersegmental membrane dark

cones and minute hair-points, but no bristles (fig. 21). The posterior

part of the pygidium of the 3 is weakly depressed on every side, so

that the middle appears as a low rounded keel. The posterior border

is not thickened ; it is finely edged, the margin a little arched in the

middle but not raised. The surface is the same as that of the tergites.

On the under side two patches with little granules.

The outer side of the coxae of the legs declivous, without any lobe;

the fifth joint with one spine above, the last jomt with 5-6 large

spines, relatively slender, not swollen on the under side. The under

side of the second and third joints with some papillae (fig. 19). Second

leg of 2 (fig. 22): the coxa with no protuberance laterally, fifth joint

not spined above. Last joint with three spines below. The vulva

of the same shape as in S. spynatum, but less pubescent, nearly bare.

The gonopods of the single 3 are not intact; they resemble those of

S. rotundatum, but the tarsus of the anterior gonopod 1s single-jointed.

For the posterior gonopod, see fig. 20.

Macequece, Portuguese Hast Africa (B. 2241).

92. (5) Sphaerothervum granulatum Poe.

1895. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xvi, p. 410.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 196.

The characteristic of this species, not represented in the collection

of the Museum, seems to be the granulation of the pygidium. Shield

with broad brim, the declivity bearing nine keels. Antenna with four

sense cones. The coxae not projecting on the outer side. The fifth

joint not spined above.. The coxa of the second leg of 2 without lateral

protuberance. The distal piece of the vulva slender and triangular.

Width 7 mm.

Port Elizabeth, Cape.

93. (6) Sphaerotherium convexitarsum Silv.

‘1910. Silvestri, Boll-Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 198.

In the tabular view Silvestri placed this species with those ‘‘ tergiti

ultimi superficies haud granulosa,” and in the description he says:

“ Tergitum ultimum granulis perparvis et punctis parvis sparsis in-

structum.”’ As the description contains only a few characters it is

very difficult to recognise the species.

Port Elizabeth, Cape.

218 Annals of the South African Museum.

94. (7) Sphaerothervum commune n. sp.

(Pl. I, figs. 23-26; Pl. II, fig. 27.)

Colour blackish-brown or black, the broad posterior border reddish-

brown. 35-7 mm. wide, g up to 9-5 mm.

Four sensitive cones on the antenna. Setiferous pits dense on the

fore part of the head, dispersed behind. Collum with one row of

pits. The pits on the tergites relatively large and dense, the hairs

minute. Shield with the brim very broad, pubescent ; the declivity

with three keels, the surface roughly punctate. Pygidium simply

rounded, the border not raised, not thickened; the setiferous pits

of two sizes, the larger ones scattered over the whole surface, the

finer especially near the posterior margin. Anterior border of the

tergites distinctly beaded, the strip close behind the anterior groove

more densely punctate. Concealed part of the sides pubescent, but

not visibly wrinkled. No keels on under side of lateral lobes. The

marginal bristles arranged in one row, the longest projecting a little

over the posterior margin. In front of them one row of short black

callosities. Intersegmental membrane with dispersed bristles, short

blunt cones, and numerous hair-points.

Coxae (fig. 23) rounded on the outer side, not projecting, bearing

2-3 spines, the fifth joint not spined above. The terminal claw curved,

longer than the upper spine. Second pair of legs of @ (fig. 26): the

coxa without protuberance on the outer side, pubescent, not spined.

Terminal joint not spined above, four spines below. The distal

piece of the vulva broader than long, obliquely cut, the angles rounded. _

Gonopods: the syncoxite of the anterior pair divided in the median

line by a deep groove, the two halves connected only by a membrane.

The femur with a group of long hairs on the inside. The tibia and

tarsus with dispersed hairs. The stridulating organ typical (fig. 24).

The horns of the second pair are bent outwards and project a little

beyond the bristly lobes. The tips pointed, the whole inner side and

the first two-thirds naked. The tibia not projecting on the outer

side, the two forks of the pincers of equal length. The tibial process

with two finger-shaped lobes. The tarsus indistinctly 2-jointed ;

the basal part of the tarsus with one triangular lappet, and one row

of 15-16 stridulating knobs. The distal part bearing two or three

little spines (figs. 25, 27).

Cape Province.—Venster Ravine, Caledon (7363), Caledon (14656),

Ceres (7516), Swellendam (7341), Gordon’s Bay, Stellenbosch (23394),

Table Mt. (4038, 4090, B. 963), Montagu (B. 4111), Bredasdorp Div.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 219

(7320), Kalk Bay Mt., Cape Peninsula (150119, 150098), Hottentots

Holland Mts. between Steenbrass River and Gordon’s Bay (7313),

Graafi-Reinet (18464), Houw Hoek, Caledon (7345), Wagenaars Kraal,

Victoria West Div. (7508), Mossel Bay (1652), Keurbosch Kraal River,

Cedarbergen (7425), Gt. Winterhoek, Tulbagh (B. 2269, B. 2850).

95. (8) Sphaerothervum weberi Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 194.

Table Mt., Cape Town (Silv.).

96. (9) Sphaerothervum millepunctatum nu. sp.

(Pl. XXV, fig. 555; Pl. XXVI, figs. 556-559.)

Colour dark brown, nearly black, the pygidium lighter, olive-brown.

Length 17 mm., width 8 mm. The tergites and the pygidium regu-

larly, very densely, and finely punctate. On the anterior margin of

the tergites one row of-regular longitudinal ridges. The knobs on

the under side near the posterior margin are closely united to a

narrow dark zone, and the single knob becomes indistinct. Behind

this zone one row of bristles not reaching the margin ; in front of the

zone scattered conical points (fig. 555). The pygidium of the ¢ is

slightly bent upwards in the middle, in the Q it is regularly vaulted.

On the under side laterally a dark-coloured longitudinal crest; the

same crest on all tergites. The crest of the shield broad and pubes-

cent; above the crest some fine transverse crests. The posterior

border broadly rounded laterally, not projecting unusually far.

Head-plate with dispersed, large, setiferous punctures. (The body

not hairy.) Four sensitive cones on the antenna. The coxa of all

legs (fig. 558) without lateral process; the tibia not spined above ;

the tarsus with + (one spine above, seven spines below) spines. The

terminal angle of the vulva (fig. 559) acute, the coxa of the second

pair of legs of the 2 without lateral process, the tarsus with abundant

long bristles, with $ spines, without conical points. The rasp of the

third telopodite joint of the anterior gonopod (fig. 557) composed of

nine transverse knobs. On the last joint one little cone and three

short spines and some long hairs. The process of the second joint

with fine protuberances. The processes of the syncoxite of the

posterior gonopod (fig. 556) densely and finely hairy, straight, not

enlarged distally. The tarsus is separated by a suture and bears a

little white lappet.

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (5994).

220 Annals of the South African Museum.

97. (10) Sphaerothervum tuberosum n. sp.

(Pl. II, figs. 28, 29.)

Colour chestnut. Posterior border of tergites darker brown.

Width, $ 6-5-7 mm, 2? 9 mm.

Four sense cones on the antenna. Head-plate densely punctate in

the fore part, sparsely so on the vertex. Collum with one row of

setiferous pits along the anterior border. Shield with the brim broad,

the declivity with some weak keels; at the sides of the upper surface

some larger pits. Anterior half of the tergites with coarse and dense,

posterior half with dispersed and fine, setiferous pits ; sometimes only

the last quarter of the tergites is less punctate. Longitudinal keels

on the under side of the lateral lobes present, but indistinctly visible.

Pygidium of 3 has in the middle one low protuberance, rounded, and

extending to three-quarters of length of pygidium, marked by shallow

impressions at sides, but not in front. Surface of pygidium nearly

naked and without punctures ; only at the sides some small, scattered

punctures. Underneath, one patch of little granules at each side,

the rest pubescent. In the 2 the protuberance is wanting. The

marginal bristles are arranged in a zone of several irregular rows ;

most of the bristles do not project beyond the margin. In front of

the bristles one row of little black rounded callosities of variable

size. The bristles have very short lateral points in their distal

half. Intersegmental membrane with dispersed cones, bristles, and

numerous hair-points.

The coxae with rounded shoulder, beset with spines, but not pro-

jecting. Fifth joimt not spined above, the terminal claw larger than

the upper spine, with a little basal tooth (as is generally the case).

Last joint with six spines below. Second pair of legs of 2: the coxa

without protuberance on the outer side, hairy but not spined ; ter-

minal joint not spined above, four spines below. Distal piece of the

vulva broadly rounded, only the margins beset with hairs (fig. 29).

Gonopods: tibia not swollen on the outer side, tarsus single-jointed,

the stridulating organs typical. The syncoxite with a deep median

groove. The horns of the syncoxite of the posterior gonopod are

long and project far beyond the short, broad, round bristly lobes.

The outer side of the tibia projecting but little. The tibial process

pomted, somewhat shorter than the tarsus. I could not see any

finger-shaped lobe. Tarsus with triangular lappet, a small lappet

distal from the first, and one little spine. The stridulating knobs

well developed, the tarsus 1-jointed (fig. 28).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 221

Cape Peninsula (1510), Table Mt. above Camps Bay (150164), Cape ;

Zoekmakaar, N. Transvaal (4061).

98. (11) Sphaerotherium trichopygum (Att.).

1907. Bournellum trichopygum Attems, Deutsche. Siidpol. Exp.,

p. 424.

21910. Sphaerotherium compressum Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool.

Portici, iv, p. 199.

(Pl. H, figs. 30, 31.)

Colour black, the anterior part of the tergites chestnut. Pygidium

light chestnut. Width, g 10-11-5 mm., 916-5 mm. ; length, $28 mm.,

Head-plate with coarse setiferous pits in front and scattered pits

behind. Collum with a row of setiferous pits along the anterior

margin. Shield with the brim broad, pubescent ; the declivity with

some keels, the surface punctate, more densely at the sides. The

tergites coarsely punctate on the anterior three-quarters, the posterior

quarter nearly smooth. On the under side of the lateral lobes a dark-

coloured longitudinal keel. The same with the pygidium in the

corresponding part. The marginal bristles are arranged in a zone

of some irregular rows; they are simple and do not extend beyond

the posterior margin. The callosities intrude a little on the zone of

bristles (fig. 30). Intersegmental membrane with cones, bristles, and

hair-points as usual. The anterior border of the tergites is beaded,

the beads arranged in two rows. Pygidium of 3 with the sides

depressed ; between the shallow, gradually disappearing depressions

a low rounded median wedge, narrowed behind. On the median

wedge in the posterior part a band of dense yellow bristles. The

surface of the first third with fine punctuation, the rest nearly

smooth ; the margin of the pygidium not raised and not thickened.

At the sides a patch of granules on the under side. In the female the

depressions and the hairy band are wanting.

The coxae with a rounded lobe on the outer side, the lobe beset

with many little spines and separated from the median part by a sinus,

but scarcely projecting beyond the distal margin of the median part.

Fifth joint not spined above. Praefemur of last leg of 3 projecting,

with a little lobe on the inner side, the femur swollen, the terminal

joint the same, with eight spines. The terminal claw larger than the

upper spine. The third joint of the legs with a short, indistinctly

crenulate edge on the anterior side. Second leg of 2: coxa without

222 Annals of the South African Museum.

lobe on the outer side, spined and pubescent, terminal joint not

spined above, four spines below. The median suture of the anterior

syncoxite of the gonopods partly visible. Tibia not swollen externally.

The whole telopodite densely covered with hairs. The tibial process

with small tubercles. The tarsus single-jointed, the stridulating organ

well developed, consisting of 9+2 stridulating knobs. Two to three

spines at the tip. The horns of the posterior syncoxite project far

beyond the bristle-lobes, the tibia projecting a little on the outer

side. The tibial process pointed, visibly shorter than the tarsus. I

could see no finger-shaped lobes. The edge turned to the tarsus

has blunt notches. The tarsus single-jointed, bearing 20 stridulating

knobs in one row and one spine at the tip. Tibia and tarsus well

covered with hairs (fig. 31).

Cape Province.—St. James, Cape Peninsula (B. 956, 7714); Kraka-

douw Pass, Cedarbergen (7553), Simonstown, Millers Point (Att.)

Trichopygum Att. 1907 is perhaps synonymous with compressum

Silv. 1910. Silvestri says of his species: “tergitum ultimum .. .

in carina media deplanata setis nonnullis brevioribus auctum.” No

description of the dense, hairy patch is given in his account, only the

presumption that the two species are identical. Brandt and Porat

say nothing of these pubescent parts in the papers cited by Silvestri,

and we do not know why Silvestri supposed that his species was the

same as that described by Brandt and Porat, nor why he revived these

old descriptions which lack any detailed characters.

99. (12) Sphaerotherium intermedium Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., p. 8.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 202.

Cape Town (Silv.).

100. (13) Sphaerotherium submite Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 204.

Knysna (Silv.).

101. (14) Sphaerotherium cinctellum Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 191.

(Pl. II, figs. 32-37.)

Colour black, posterior border of tergites yellow, contrasting

strongly. Width, § 15-16 mm.; 2 up to 18-6 mm.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 223

Head-plate as usual densely punctate in front, scattered punctures

behind. Collum with scattered setiferous pits. The brim of the shield

not broad, rather narrow, the declivity smooth, without keels. The

surface with dense, coarse setiferous pits. Tergites densely covered

with coarse setiferous pits, 3-13 with a median, smooth, low keel.

On the under side a short, dark-coloured longitudinal keel at the sides.

The marginal bristles are arranged in a zone of several rows ; they are

long, projecting far beyond the posterior margin; the callosities are

of variable size and enter with their posterior end the zone of bristles

(fig. 33). Anterior border beaded, the beads arranged in several

irregular rows. Concealed part of the sides with corrugations and

wrinkles. Pygidium with the whole surface densely covered with

coarse pits each bearing one minute hair. Male pygidium has in the

middle of the posterior border a short, thick, transverse callosity,

densely covered with hairs on the upper side ; in front of this callosity

there is a shallow depression. On the under side the usual patches

of granules. In the @ the callosities are wanting. At the sides on

the under surface a little knob corresponding to the keels on the

tergites.

Coxa (fig. 35) with rounded lobe beset with spines and long scat-

tered hairs. On the base of the coxa numerous spines, the inner side

densely covered with long hairs. Third joint with fine serrated edge.

Last joint short, swollen on the under side (fig. 37). Second leg of

2: on the outer side a large transverse conical lobe beset with long

hairs and scattered spines; last joint not spined above, four spines

below. Distal piece of the vulva moderately narrowed and rounded,

pubescent at the base on the inner side (fig. 36). Gonopods: the

anterior telopodite abundantly pubescent; tarsus with a hollowed-

out lamella bearing eight stridulating organs; the distal part of the

tarsus only with two little spines (fig. 34). The horns of the posterior

syncoxite little shorter than the bristle-lobes. The outer side of the

tibia projecting, forming a step with the tarsus; the tibial process

with two white finger-shaped lobes. Tarsus pubescent only at the

base, bearing one white, spineless, triangular lappet and two little

spines on a small protuberance, and one row of 20 stridulating organs

(fig. 32).

Cape Province.—Knysna (1552, B. 5259), Coldstream, Humansdorp

(B. 5300, B. 5301), George (7388) ; Knysna (Silv.).

224 Annals of the South African Museum.

102. (15) Sphaerotherium plagiarvum Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 193.

(Pl. II, figs. 38-43.)

Four sensitive cones on the antenna. Shield with very broad brim,

pubescent, the declivity without keels. The punctuation of the

anterior half finer and denser than that of the posterior. The raised

surface of the shield, the tergites, and pygidium densely covered with

setiferous pits, the hairs relatively long, so that the dorsum appears

fur-clad. Between the pits numerous little punctuations, the open-

ings of the canals; the open part of the sides narrowed and pointed,

the concealed part broad, covered with corrugations and wrinkles ;

longitudinal keels on the under surface. Tergites, beginning from the

third, with smooth median keel. Anterior border of the tergites with

a zone of several rows of little beads (fig. 38) ; the marginal bristles

arranged in a single row visibly overlapping the margin ; the callosities

regular, relatively long and narrow. Intersegmental membrane with

scattered bristles, cones, and numerous pointed hairs (fig. 39). Pygi-

dium of 3: in the posterior part a shallow, transverse depression,

the margin slightly raised; in front of it a low transverse callosity

passing gradually into the surrounding surface and separated from

the margin by a furrow. On the under surface the two usual patches

of granules, and at the sides a little keel.

Coxae (fig. 41) with the lateral margin where it passes into the

distal margin declivous ; in the middle a little knob beset with spines.

The last joint fairly slender, not protruding on the under surface ;

eight spines. The claw larger than the upper spine, curved (fig. 40).

Third joint with a sinuate edge (not sharply toothed). Last pair of legs

of g without peculiarities. Gonopods: the anterior telopodite (fig.

42) with scattered hairs, the tibia not protruding on the outer side.

The stridulating apparatus of the tarsus well developed; the tarsus

single-jointed, the first part with six stridulating organs and one

spine, the second part with two stridulating organs and two spines.

The horns of the posterior syncoxite visibly surpassing the bristle-

lobes, the tip not enlarged. Telopodite relatively sparsely pubescent,

the tibial process with two finger-shaped lobes. Tarsus with one

triangular lappet beset with two spinules, one low protuberance with

two spines, and one row of 22 stridulating organs. The distal part

of the tarsus separated off by a suture (fig. 43).

River Zonder End (5269), Cape; Knysna (Silv.).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 225

103. (16) Sphaerotherium ancillare n. sp.

(Pl. II, figs. 44, 45.)

Colour of 2 chestnut, the posterior border of the tergites blackish.

Length 23 mm., width 10-5 mm.

Four sensitive cones on the antenna. Shield with the brim broad,

pubescent, the declivity with six distinct keels. The surface with

moderately dense and large punctuation, the hairs minute. The

tergites more densely punctate in front than in the posterior part.

The difference in the size of the pores is not remarkable ; the hairs are

minute and not easy to see. Lateral lobes of the same shape as in

plagiarium ; the free part narrowed and pointed, the covered part

broad, with corrugations and wrinkles. On the under surface low

longitudinal keels. Tergites 2-12 with a median keel, especially

striking on account of its smoothness, but scarcely raised. Anterior

border beaded, the beads arranged in one row or sometimes one or two

incomplete rows as well as the regular first row. Marginal bristles

in a single row, not overlapping the margin. The callosities short and

rounded. Intersegmental membrane with bristles, cones, and hair-

points. Pygidium of 9: on each side of the posterior part a shallow

depression, the middle is therefore raised, but very slightly; the

margin notraised. (The 3, when known, will perhaps show a stronger

sculpture.)

Coxae (fig. 44) with broad, rounded lobe, spined and pubescent,

overlapping the distal margin a little. Third joint without serrulate

edge; last joint slender, six spines below. Second legs: coxae

without lobe or protuberance on the outer side, last joint not spined

above, four spines below. Distal piece of vulva broadly rounded,

abundantly pubescent (fig. 45). g not known.

Table Mt. above Klassenbosch (150158), Newlands (7693), Cape.

104. (17) Sphaerotheriwm dorsaloide Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 189.

(Pl. II, figs. 46, 47.)

Colour olive or black, the posterior border reddish, similar to

cinctellum. Most specimens are chestnut or blackish. (The colour

of the specimens is obviously altered by being long preserved in bad

alcohol; most species are similarly affected.) dg, length 28 mm.,

width 14 mm.

VOL. XXVI. 15

226 Annals of the South African Museum.

Setiferous pits of the head scattered on the fore part as well as

behind. Four sense cones on the antenna. Collum with a row of

setiferous pits along the anterior border. Shield with the brim

broad, pubescent ; the declivity with or without weak keels. The

surface coarsely and densely punctate and hairy. The tergites

with coarse and dense pits up to the top of the lateral lobes, the pits

visibly denser and finer in the anterior part. The hairs are not so

long as in dorsale, but distinctly visible. On the under surface of

the sides is a longitudinal keel, present also on the pygidium where

it is relatively long and narrow. ‘Tergites from the third onwards with

a smooth median keel scarcely raised, but striking on account of its

smoothness compared with the surrounding pubescent surface. On

the anterior border an irregular zone of little beads. Marginal

bristles arranged in one row, not reaching the margin. The cal-

losities regularly arranged, black. Intersegmental membrane with

scattered bristles, pointed cones, and numerous hair-points (fig. 46).

The whole surface of the pygidium densely covered with punc-

tures, though somewhat less densely than the tergites. In the 3 the

posterior median part a little depressed, the margin slightly raised

like the edge of a bell. Under surface with the usual granules.

The outer side of the coxae (fig. 47) declivous, in the middle a

rounded, spined, and pubescent protuberance. (No lobe overlapping

the distal margin.) The last joint longer than in S. cinctellum,

protruding on the under surface in the 3; 9-12 strong spines. The

claw curved, larger than the upper spine. The third joint of d and 9

with serrate edge. Second leg of 2: no protuberance on the outer

side ; last joint not spined above, six spines below. Distal piece of

vulva broadly rounded, the inner side pubescent. The gonopods

similar to those of S. cinctellum. The horns of the posterior syncoxite

overlap the bristle-lobe a little. The tarsus of the posterior gonopods

single-jointed, its triangular lappet not spined. Tibial process with

two finger-shaped lobes.

Cape Province.-—Swellendam, in rotten wood (7340, 7749), Knysna

(1554, 1553), River Zonder End (B. 5281), Hottentots Holland (7314),

Newlands (B. 985), Mossel Bay (1651), Knysna (Silv.).

105. (18) Sphaerotherwum dinogonum Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 210.

Knysna (Silv.).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 227

106. (19) Sphaerothervum dorsale Gerv.

1847. Zephronia dorsalis, Gervais, Ins.-Apt., iv, p. 79.

1863. Sphaerotherium retusum Koch, Die Myriop., i, pl. xix, fig. 26.

1872. Sphaerotherium dorsale Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 5.

1886. Sphaerotherium retusum Bourne, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix, p. 161.

1910. Sphaerotheriwm dorsale Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv,

p. 205.

(Pl. II, figs. 48-52.)

Colour chestnut, median keel of tergites black. 2 width

16-17-5 mm.

Antenna with 7—20 sense cones. Head with coarse setiferous pits,

denser in the fore part. Collum also densely punctate and pubescent.

Shield with the brim broad, pubescent. The eight keels of the

declivity rise from a fine border surrounding the sides of the raised

surface. The surface punctate and pubescent. Tergites densely

punctate and hairy. The hairs not long but relatively strong. From

the third tergite onwards a smooth median keel, contrasting strongly

with the surrounding hairy surface, evanescent behind the middle of

the tergite ; traces of this keel visible also on the pygidium. Anterior

border beaded, the beads arranged in one row in the middle of the

dorsum and in several rows at the sides. The furrow behind the

beaded border is sharp. The keels on the under surface of the lateral

lobes are reduced to rounded knobs. The marginal bristles (fig. 52)

are arranged in one row; they rest on the posterior slope of a strong

transverse corrugation. No separate callosities. Peculiar round

transparent spots in the zone in front of the bristles. Intersegmental

membrane with dense, blunt cones in the median part, the remaining

surface densely covered with bristles and numerous pointed hairs.

Generally the bristles are scattered ; only in this species and S. sub-

dorsale are they dense. The pygidium of the 3 is depressed in the

middle ; this depression is bounded in front by a rounded protuberance,

and passes gradually into the surrounding surface laterally and behind ;

its width is equal to half the width of the whole pygidium and it is

less punctate and pubescent than the remaining surface. The pos-

terior border projects a little in the middle, and bears a narrow pro-

tuberance separated from the margin by a furrow. On the under

surface are two patches of granules and longitudinal keels, one on

each side.

The coxae of the legs declivous on the side, abundantly spined ; no

lobe or protuberance. Third joint with a serrate edge on the oral

228 Annals of the South African Museum.

side (fig. 49); last jomt with 13 spines below, an unusually large

number. Gonopods: the median part of the anterior syncoxites

partly visible ; the tibia not protruding on the outer side, the process

with some little knobs. Tazsus not divided, the stridulating organ

well developed ; at the tip 2+1 spines; the paired spines rather few

(fig. 50). The horns of the posterior syncoxite overlap the bristle-

lobes; the tibia projects on the outer side. The tibial process with

one rigid, blunt tooth (not one or two soft white lobes rising from a

round thin-walled opening as in other species). The chitin surrounding

the base of this tooth is also thick and rigid. Tarsus without tri-

angular lobe, but with some spines based on low protuberances, and

1-6 little stridulating organs. The pincers as a whole rather clumsy

(fig. 48).

Natal.—Port Shepstone (A. 2422), Pinetown (1556), Pietermaritz-

burg (B. 3410). Cape Province.—Coldstream (B. 5300). Caffraria

(Porat); Port Elizabeth, Knysna, Verulam (Silv.).

107. (20) Sphaerothertum subdorsale Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 208.

(Pl. II, fig. 535. Pl. III, figs. 54, 55.)

g, width 8-10-5 mm.

Collum and shield as in S. dorsale. Tergites with dense setiferous

pits, the hairs along the posterior margin somewhat longer, median

keels present. The marginal bristles are arranged in two alternating

rows, and do not overlap the margin. No longitudinal callosities —

at the sides; only near the median line, behind the area of cones,

some indistinct, round callosities (fig. 55). Intersegmental membrane

densely covered with hairs; in the middle of the dorsum one area of

black, thick cones. Anterior border distinctly beaded. Pygidium of

S$ with the posterior border raised in the middle; in front of the

margin and separated from it by a furrow is a smooth, shining

callosity passing gradually into the sides. The middle of the

pygidium is slightly depressed. The whole surface is finely punctate

and hairy. The posterior border seen from above is evenly

rounded.

No lateral lobe on the coxae. The claw much larger than the upper

spine. Third joint with a serrulate edge on the anterior plane, less

distinct and shorter than in S. dorsale. Second leg of 9: coxae

without protuberance on the outer side; last jot with one spine

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 229

above (the only species having this spine), eight spines below. Distal

piece of vulva broadly rounded, with a few long hairs. Gonopods:

the median suture of the anterior syncoxite visible only in the basal

half; tibial process slender; tarsus not divided. The stridulating

organ well developed; it has in addition two spines, one simple

and one 2-pointed (fig. 53). The horns of the posterior syncoxite

overlap the bristle-lobe, their tips not enlarged. The tibia projecting

on the outer side. The pincers slender. The tibial process with

two broad triangular lobes instead of the finger-shaped lobes. Tarsus

without triangular lappet ; three pairs of spines based on a low trans-

parent longitudinal ridge ; 6-7 knobs visible ou the aboral side. The

tip of the tarsus not separated off by a suture (fig. 54).

Port Elizabeth (1797), Hogsback (B. 9159), Cape ; Transvaal (Silv.).

108. (21) Sphaerothervum boervum Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, De Zale),

Pretoria (Silv.).

109. (22) Sphaerotherium apicale Silv. '

1910. Silvestri, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 217.

Lourencgo Marques (Silv.).

110. (23) Sphaerotherium eremita n. sp.

(Pl. III, figs. 56-58.)

Colour chestnut, a small posterior border black. @ length 33 mm.,

width 16 mm.

The head-plate with relatively few setiferous pits in the fore part.

Antenna with numerous sense cones. Collum with scattered punctua-

tion. Shield with the brim broad, pubescent, the declivity without

keels, the raised surface coarsely punctate ; the posterior lobe normal.

The tergites densely punctate and hairy; the pits moderately large,

the posterior band nearly smooth. No median keel. Marginal

bristles (fig. 57) in part reaching beyond the margin; one row of

short, black callosities. Anterior border beaded, the beads arranged

in two rows, the first weaker and irregular, the second regular and

close-set, the beads all very small. The posterior border of the

pygidium is weakly raised in the middle. The whole surface densely

punctate, especially in the middle. The hairs are minute. Under

230 Annals of the South African Museum.

surface of the tergites and of the pygidium with narrow, black keels.

Coxae (fig. 56) with rounded lobe on the outer side, beset with little

spines, the margins hairy, the last joint with six spines, the claw

longer than the upper spine. Second leg of 9: coxae without lobe

on the outer side; abundantly pubescent, some spines. Last joint

not spined above, four spines below. Distal piece of vulva broadly

rounded (fig. 58).

Table Mt., Newlands (7636), Cape.

111. (24) Sphaerotherium modestum n. sp.

(Pl. III, figs. 75-77.)

Q: tergites yellowish on the anterior half, olivaceous on the pos:

terior half. Width 14 mm.

Head abundantly and coarsely punctate. Collum with several

irregular rows of setiferous pits along the anterior border, some of

them scattered. Shield with the brim broad, pubescent, the declivity

without keels, the surface with scattered punctuation. Tergites with

small but numerous setiferous pits, less numerous on the posterior

band. The marginal bristles (fig. 77) arranged in several irregular

rows, short, not reaching the margin. The callosities regular. Inter-

segmental membrane with scattered bristles, small pale cones, and

numerous pointed hairs. Anterior margin not beaded. No keels

on the under surface of the lateral lobe. Pygidium of 9 evenly arched,

the border neither raised nor thickened, the whole surface with fine

but dense setiferous pits. No keel on the under surface laterally.

The external lobe of the coxae (fig. 76) large, regular, conical, and

pointed, beset with little spines and long hairs, straight and distally

directed. Second joint with some spines on the outer side, pubescent,

last joint 5-6 spined, the claw long, slender, curved, much larger than

the upper spine. Second pair of legs: on the outer side of the coxae

one conical protuberance, beset with spines and hairs, and directed

obliquely outwards and distally. Last joint not spmed above; two

spines below. Distal piece of the vulva blunt, conical, sparsely

pubescent on the under surface, naked above (fig. 75).

Twenty miles east of Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg Distr. (7488),

Transvaal.

112. (25) Sphaerothervum coniferum Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Bull. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 213.

2, colour dark olive-brown, a large lateral margin of the nuchal

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 231

plate and the anterior half of all tergites yellowish-brown. Length

22-32 mm., width 13-16 mm.

Head-plate densely punctured and hairy, the antenna with numer-

ous sensitive cones. ‘The shield densely punctured, a broad zone

along the anterior and posterior margins nearly smooth. The brim

broad, with dense short hairs above the brim, some fine cross crests

in the shining declivity. The posterior lateral lappet broadly rounded,

not projecting particularly. Tergites with moderately dense and fine

punctures ; along the anterior and posterior margins a zone less punc-

tured. No median keel. On the anterior margin a row of very

small and indistinct knobs. On the under side of the tergites near

the posterior margin a row of very regular, dark-coloured, longitudinal

knobs; behind these knobs a row of bristles surpassing the margin ;

in front of the knobs dispersed bristles. The pygidium regularly

vaulted, densely covered with setiferous punctures somewhat coarser

than on the tergites. No longitudinal crest on the under side. Coxa

of all legs with a long, pointed, conical, oblique lateral process, bearing

some conical spines and dispersed hairs; on the terminal margin of

the coxa also some conical spines, on the praefemur laterally some

conical spines; all joints, especially the praefemur and femur, with

dense, long hairs. The tibia not spined above, the tarsus spined

ae On the 2nd pair of the 2 the coxal process is densely hairy and

the tarsus spined 9. The operculum of the vulva is slender.

Zandemela (B. 6027), near Limpopo River, Portuguese HE. Africa.

Louren¢o Marques (Silvestri).

113. (26) Sphaerotherium permodestum Silv.

1910. Silvestri, Bull. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 214.

Transvaal.

114. (27) Sphaerotheriuwm civicum n. sp.

(Pl. III, figs. 59-63.)

3: colour dark olive, the posterior border reddish-brown. Length

19-5 mm., width 9 mm.

Head with dense setiferous pits in the fore part and scattered pits

behind. Antenna with more than four sense cones. Collum with

setiferous pits along the anterior border, the rest nearly smooth.

Shield with the brim not broad, sparsely pubescent, no keels on the

declivity ; the surface with microscopically fine pits; without seti-

ferous pits. The anterior three-quarters of each tergite, excepting

232 Annals of the South African Museum.

the lateral lobes, provided with dense setiferous pits, the rest nearly

smooth. The marginal bristles (fig. 62) arranged in an irregular

zone, very short, their tips distant from the margin, bearing short,

blunt lateral teeth (fig. 61). In front of the bristles a dark zone

without callosities. The cones in the intersegmental membrane are

little, rounded, pointed protuberances. Anterior border finely beaded,

the beads arranged in some places in more than one row. The whole

pygidium with dense and fine setiferous pits; the margin not raised,

very slightly thickened. At the sides of the under surface a short,

dark-coloured, longitudinal keel. The preceding tergites do not

possess a corresponding keel.

External lobe of the coxae (fig. 63) short, rounded, finely pubescent,

with short spines. The last joint not swollen below ; the number of

spines normal. The median suture of the anterior syncoxite partly

visible, the telopodite resembling that of S. dicrothriz. The horns of

the posterior syncoxite (fig. 59) overlap the bristle-lobes more than in

S. dicrothriz. The tibial process with one finger-shaped lobe. The

tarsus divided by a suture, the triangular lappet bearing one black

spine ; two spines on a little protuberance distal to the lappet (fig. 60).

Olededad

Burghersdorp (13777), Cape.

115. (28) Sphaerothervum dicrothriz nu. sp.

(Pl. III, figs. 64-69.)

Colour chestnut. Length 18-5 mm., width 9-5 mm.

Head-plate with coarse setiferous pits, dense in front and scattered

behind. More than four sense cones on the antenna. Collum with

setiferous pits along the anterior margin. The brim of the shield

moderately broad, pubescent, the raised surface not punctate. No

keels on the declivity. The anterior half of the tergites, excepting the

lateral lobes, with dense setiferous pits; the rest smooth. On the

under surface of the lateral lobe one short longitudinal keel. Anterior

border not distinctly beaded, the beads being only just discernible in

certain lights. The marginal bristles arranged in a single row, some

of them overlapping the margin and some forked; mostly two or

three simple bristles between two forked ones. This is the only

species with forked bristles (fig. 69). In front of the bristles one row

of regular short callosities. Pygidium of g and 2 equally convex, not

impressed, the margin not raised, very little thickened. The punctua-

tion of the whole surface dense and very fine. At the sides of the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 233

under surface a little knob corresponding to the keels of the tergites.

The granules of the lateral patches connected in the middle.

The external lobe of the coxae (fig. 65) serrate and beset with spines.

Second leg of 2: the lobe of the coxae large, oblique, densely hairy ;

last joint not spined above ; one or two spines below. The claw very

long ; instead of the basal tooth a little blunt knob. The distal piece

of the vulva long and narrow, the tip rounded (fig. 67). The median

suture of the anterior syncoxite of the gonopod visible (fig. 64), the

tibia protruding on the outer side, the tibial process slender, the

tarsus not divided. The stridulating organ well developed. The

horns of the posterior syncoxite (fig. 68) extend beyond the bristle-

lobes a little; they are covered with fine, short, and dense hairs.

The pincers are thick and clumsy. The tibia scarcely projecting on

the outer surface, sparsely pubescent. The tibial process with one

normal and one reduced finger-shaped lobe. The triangular lappet

of the tarsus not spined. At the top one mammiform lobe and several

spines near it (fig. 66).

Acornhoek (B. 4056), E. Transvaal.

116. (29) Sphaerotherium solitarvum nu. sp.

(Pl. III, figs. 78-80.)

Colour, 2 dark brown. Width 12 mm.

Head densely punctate in front, sparsely so behind. Antenna with

numerous sense cones. Collum with setiferous pits over the whole

surface, scattered behind, denser in front. Shield as in S.:civicum

and dicrothriz, the brim not broad, pubescent. No keels on the

declivity, the raised surface not punctate. The tergites with dense

pits, except the nearly smooth posterior band and lateral lobes ;

anterior border with very fine, somewhat indistinct beads. The

marginal bristles (fig. 78) arranged in several irregular rows, short,

their tips distant from the margin; simple, not forked, and not

laterally toothed. ‘The callosities regular, small, and short. Inter-

segmental membrane with pointed cones, scattered hairs, and numer-

ous hair-points. The whole surface of the pygidium with dense

and fine setiferous pits. The margin (in 9) not raised or thickened, no

keels on the under surface at the sides (tergites also without such keels).

External lobe of the coxae (fig. 79) slender, pointed, conical, oblique,

beset with some long hairs and short spines. Second joint with hairs

and some spines. Fifth joint not spined, last joint with six spines

below. Second pair of legs: coxae with lateral process directed

234 Annals of the South African Museum.

transversely, beset with short spines and long hairs; last joint not

spined above, two spines below. Distal piece of the vulva irregular,

triangular, with rounded angles, sparsely pubescent (fig. 80).

Shiliowane, near Leydsdorp (13512), Transvaal.

117. (80) Sphaerotherium punctulatum Brandt.

1841. Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. Rec. Mém., p. 179.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 7.

1910. Silvestri, Bull. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 216.

(Pl. II, figs. 70-74.)

Colour chestnut or olive, the posterior border reddish. Width:

6 up to 12 mm.; 2 to 21 mm.

Head-plate with coarse setiferous pits, denser in front. Antenna

with numerous sense cones. The setiferous pits on the collum are

much finer than on the head; they are denser along the anterior

margin. The brim of the shield not broad, pubescent. The declivity

not keeled, the raised surface with dense and rather fine punctuation.

The setiferous pits of the tergites dense and not coarse in comparison

with the size of the animal. They are fewer in the posterior band

and very dense and small in the first band covered by the preceding

tergite. Anterior border not beaded. Marginal bristles in an

irregular zone, short, not reaching the margin. No callosities in

front of them (fig. 70). Pygidium with finer and denser setiferous

pits than those on the tergites. In the g and 9 the margin is raised

like that of a bell (in the 3 more than in the Q) and thickened, the

thickening being stronger in the middle and obliquely truncate be- ;

hind, so that a sharp edge results. Seen from above, the margin is

evenly rounded. The ¢ has on each side of the under surface one

patch of granules. No keels at the sides. |

External lobe of the coxae broad, rounded, directed distally, finely

pubescent, not spined (fig. 73). Second leg of 2: coxae without

external lobe, densely pubescent, not spined. The distal piece of

the vulva with relatively sharp distal angle, touching the terminal

margin of the coxae (fig. 74). Gonopods: tarsus of the first pair

2-jointed (fig. 72). The pincers of the posterior pair short and clumsy.

The horns of the syncoxite extend beyond the bristle-lobes. Tibial

process with two finger-shaped lobes (not figured or described by

Silvestri). Tarsus divided by a suture (fig. 17).

Natal.—Durban (1598, 7610); Umzimkulu (A. 23379). Caffraria,

Lower Illovo, Durban (Silv.).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 235

118. (31) Sphaerotherium giganteum Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 8.

1910. Silvestri, Bull. Lab. Zool. Portici, iv, p. 212.

(Pl. IV, figs. 81-84.)

Colour chestnut, the posterior border blackish. Width up to

32 mm.

Antenna with numerous sense cones. Head-plate with setiferous

pits, dense in front, sparse behind. The pits of the collum small

compared with the size of the body. The brim of the shield smaller

than in punctulatum. No keels in the declivity. The setiferous pits

fine and sparse. The tergites densely beset with coarse setiferous

pits; but in the anterior and posterior bands of each tergite the pits

are scattered. Anterior border not beaded. The marginal bristles

(fig. 82) extend beyond the margin a little, their bases alternating.

The callosities are well developed and enter posteriorly the zone of

bristles. The intersegmental membrane with whole surface between

the cones, bristles, and hair-points (fig. 81) finely sculptured. Short,

black, longitudinal keels on the under surface and also on the pygidium.

The margin of the pygidium is turned up like that of a bell, but less

thickened than in punctulatum and the thickening is not bevelled off

on the under surface and forms no sharp edge. The whole surface

with dense, fine setiferous pits. 3 with one patch of granules on each

side of the under surface.

Coxae with a large transverse process on the outer side, the margin

of this process sinuate and hairy, and the whole beset with short

black spines. Second leg of 2: coxa with large conical transverse

process; last joint not spined above; four spines below. The

median suture of the anterior syncoxite of the gonopods distinct. The

telopodite abundantly pubescent, the tarsus not divided, bearing

besides the stridulating organs two short spines and one black knob

at the tip (fig. 84). The horns of the posterior syncoxite do not

extend beyond the bristle-lobes, the end not enlarged. The tibia

projects on the outer side. ‘Tibial process with only one finger-shaped

lobe. The edge turned to the tarsus beset with little knobs. Tarsus

not divided, bearing one broad triangular lobe with several spines,

or a little protuberance with three spines and a row of stridulating

organs (fig. 83).

Natal.—Umzimkulu (23379), Riet Vlei (7750), Durban (B. 2272),

Pietermaritzburg (33409). Transvaal.—Barberton (7484), Shiliowane,

236 Annals of the South African Museum.

near Leydsdorp (13513). Cape Province.—Kandoda (B. 2274), Port

St. Johns (23369). Mozambique, ¢ (1653). Caffraria (Silv.).

Species incertae sedis.

Sphaerotherium grossum Koch.

1863. Koch, Die Myriop., i, p. 5, pl. 11, fig. 6.

Cape of Good Hope.

Sphaerothervum lichtensteinit Brandt.

1833. Brandt, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vi, p. 199.

1863. Koch, Die Myriop., i, pl. xiv, fig. 29.

South Africa.

Sphaerotherium microstictum Brandt.

1841. Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. Rec. Mém., p. 178.

Cape.

Sphaerothervum monticola Poe.

1895. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xvi, p. 410.

Table Mountain.

Sphaerotherium nigrum Butl.

1872. Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), x, p. 359, pl. xviii, fig. 11.

South Africa.

Sphaerotherium obtusum Koch.

1863. Koch, Die Myriop., i, p. 5, pl. i, fig. 5.

1886. Bourne, J. Linn. Soc., xix, p. 161.

Port Natal.

Sphaerotherium pubescens Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 7.

Cafiraria.

Sphaerothervum punctatum Brandt.

1833. Brandt, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vi, p. 199.

1863. Koch, Die Myriop., i, p. 43, pl. xix, fig. 37.

South Africa.

Sphaerotherium rugulosum Brandt.

1871. Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. Rec. Mém., p. 179.

Cape.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 237

Gen. OLIGASPIS.

Oligaspis puncticeps Wood.

1865. Wood, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 173.

1869. Wood, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., xiii, pl. 11, fig. 17.

Port Natal.

“‘ Corporis segmenta 9. Antennae brevissimae, quinque articulatae.

Oculi aggregati.”” A mysterious animal !

Gen. KYLINDOTHERIUM nov.

The telopods combine the characteristics of Sphaerotheriwm and

Globothervum. The first joint of the telopodite of the anterior telopods

wants the crests, as in Sphaerotherium. The second joint of the

posterior telopods wants the strong keels and is smooth laterally,

as in Globotherium. No conical spines or teeth on the under side of

the pygidium.

The vulva as in Sphaerotheriwm: the operculum is not bilobed,

but narrowed and rounded distally.

In all remaining characteristics like Sphaerothervum.

119. Kylindothervum leve n. sp.

(Pl. XXVI, figs. 560-563.)

Colour black, when in alcohol partially chestnut, especially the

pygidium. ¢ width 10 mm.

The head-plate with dispersed rough punctures, bearing minute

hairs. Antennae with four sensitive cones. The collum smooth,

along the anterior margin a row of pits. The nuchal plate and the

tergites shining and smooth and not hairy ; the microscopical pores

visible only with a strong lens. On the anterior margin of the tergites

a regular row of little beads and before this row some irregularly

arranged beads. The knobs on the under side of the tergites near the

posterior margin are somewhat irregular, bright brown or black;

the bristles behind the knobs are short, the point distant from the

margin; they are arranged in one or two irregular rows. On the

under side laterally a black longitudinal keel; the pygidium has a low

' boss on the corresponding place. The crest of the nuchal plate

broad, pubescent, posteriorly broadly rounded. In the shining

declivity some fine crests. The posterior half of the pygidium with

238 Annals of the South African Museum.

some fine setiferous punctures and with a very shallow cross impres-

sion. The posterior border regularly vaulted. The whole under side

is densely hairy; the areas of pointed cones present in the ¢ of

Sphaerotheriwm are wanting, in correspondence with the absence of

the grooves on the second joint of the posterior gonopods. The coxa

of the first leg with a short, blunt, lateral process ; the tarsus spined

9. The coxa of the second leg of the 2 has no lateral lobe; the

tarsus spined 2. The operculum (fig. 562) is rounded, not sinuate.

The coxa of the legs in the middle of the body with a lateral, hairy

lobe beset with numerous little conical spines; the tarsus spined nee

The tibia not spined above (fig. 563).

Telopods, anterior pair (fig. 560) : in the syncoxite we see the traces

of the median suture. The first joint of the telopodite wants the

crests present in Globotherium. The second joint with a slender

digitiform process. The presence of rasp-knobs could not be made

out in the single specimen. The syncoxite of the posterior telopods

(fig. 561) resembling the syncoxite of Sphaerotherium ; the processes

finely and shortly pubescent. The telopodite differs from that of

Sphaerotherium in the weaker development of the stridulating organ.

The second joint is laterally smooth, and wants the strong crests or

keels of Sphaerotherium. The process of the second joint has a 2-lobed

lappet near the base. The third joint bears a white triangular lobe

and distally a low boss with a little point, a row of furrowed rasp-

buttons, and fine protuberances.

Witte River (5335), Wellington, Cape.

2. Division Proterandria Verh.

1887. Helminthomorpha Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), xx,

p. 294.

1894. Helminthomorpha Pocock, Max Weber’s Reise, p. 333.

1896. Helminthomorpha Silvestri, I Diplopodi, p. 31.

1898. Helminthomorpha Attems, Syst. d. Polydesm., 1, p. 7.

1900. Proterandria Verhoefi, Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr. X. Zool.

Jahrb., xiii, p. 53.

1910. Proterandria Verhoefi, Nova Acta, xcii, p. 210.

1910. Proterandria Verhoeff, Diplop. Deutschl., p. 21.

1913. Proterandria Verhoefi, Zool. Anz., xliii, p. 49.

1914. Helminthomorpha Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 52.

1926. Proterandria Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv,

p. 126.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 239

Seventh somite with at least one pair of gonopods, often two pairs ;

sometimes the second pair of the sixth and the first pair of the eighth

segment are modified. No telopods at the posterior end of the body.

The sternites of the abdomen not divided. The tracheae rise in great

numbers from cribriform perforated areas of the tracheal trunks, and

are not branched. The external tooth-piece of the mandible is free,

not coalesced with the middle piece. The step of the epipharynx is

attached to the lower lamella of the labrum. The genital glands

open on the coxae of the second pair of legs or behind these.

1. Superorder Huanatua Att.

1898. Attems, Syst. d. Polydesm., 1, p. 227.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 152.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 128.

First pair of appendages of the seventh somite modified into gono-

pods; often the second pair of this somite and the adjacent pairs of

the sixth and eighth segments are also modified. Gnathochilarium

with three pairs of palpal lobes. Cheeks (pleurites of the head)

large, well developed. Pars lamelligera of the mandible strongly

developed.

Verhoefi considers the Colobognatha as the fourth order of his

Proterandria, all the orders being related in the same degree. Con-

sequently he does not divide the Proterandria into two groups as I do.

I believe that the difference with respect to the gonopods between the

two groups, Colobognatha and Eugnatha, is so great that they must be

considered as two branches descending from common ancestors, one

of these two branches, the Hugnatha, dividing again into three sub-

divisions. This view, which is typified by the group Hugnatha, is

my own.

Synopsis of the Orders of Eugnatha.

la. Two or three pairs of spinning glands opening by 1-3 pairs of spinning styles on

the analsegment . : ; : ‘ 5 . Nematophora Verh.*

1b. No spinning glands or spinning styles . : : : ‘ ‘ vez

2a. Gnathochilarium without praebasilare. Only the first pair of appendages of

the seventh somite modified into gonopods, the gonopods inserted in a

circular opening closed all round. Second pair of legs of seventh somite

normal. The sternites do not participate in the formation of the inserted

cylinders. 19-22, generally 20 segments . : 3 . Polydesmoidea,

* This order is not represented in South Africa,

240 Annals of the South African Museum.

2b. Prazbasilare present. Both pairs of appendages of the seventh somite modified |

into gonopods, or the second pair sometimes wanting ; never a normal pair

of legs. The ventral ends of the seventh tergite are free or coalescent behind

the opening for the gonopods. This opening is never closed in front. The

gonopods are sunk into a membranous pouch. The sternites participate in

the formation of the inserted cylinders. More thand0segments Juliformia.

Order PoLYDESMOIDEA.

1847. Polydesmidae C. Koch, Syst. Myr., p. 52.

1884. Polydesmidae Latzel, Myr. Oest. Ung. Mon., ii, p. 124.

1887. Polydesmoidea Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), xx,

p- 294.

1893. Polydesmoidea Bollmann, Bull. U.S. N. Mus., No. 46, p. 155.

1895. Suborder Polydesmoidea Cook, Ann. N.Y. Ac. Sci., ix, p. 4.

1896. Suborder Polydesmozdea Silvestri, I Diplopodi, p. 68.

1898. Suborder Polydesmoidea Attems, Syst. d. Polydesm., i,

De 22K

1903. Order Merocheta Silvestri, Diplop. Anat., p. 23.*

1909. Group Polydesmoidea Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 109.

1910. Superfam. Polydesmoidea Verhoetfi, Nova Acta, xcii, p. 210.

1914. Order Polydesmoidea Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 152.

1915. Suborder Polydesmoidea Brolemann, Essai Polyd. Ann. Soc.

Ent. Fr., lxxxiv, p. 523.

1926. Order Polydesmoidea Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iy [oe ALAS):

In 1898 I published the first systematic revision of the whole

group, which had remained untouched for a long time. Since then

our knowledge has much increased and our views of the principles

of classification have changed, and in the end nobody was less satis-

fied with the “ System der Polydesmiden ” than the author himself.

The first system was based too much upon the characters taken from

the external features of the body. In 1914 I published a new system

completely different from the first, based principally upon the sexual

characters, and this system [I still use.

In 1915, a year after my paper, Brélemann published his “ Essai

sur les Polydesmiens,”’ which agrees in many points with my system.

The principles adopted are the same and many groups are identical

with mine. In the details there are certainly many differences, but

* The Merocheta of Cook comprise the Polydesmoidea, Lysiopetaloidea, and

Chordeumoidea.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 241

I cannot enter into these here, the groups in question having no

connection with the South African fauna.

Brélemann, in his paper, does not go deeply into the classification

which he sets up and does not give diagnoses or synopses, and we

therefore do not know how he defines the groups and why he places

the genera in a given family. It seems that Brélemann did not

‘ know in 1915 my paper of 1914. Perhaps this was a consequence

of the War. As far as I know he has not attempted during the last

twelve years to set out the synonymy between his paper and mine.

No spinning glands. Gnathochilarium without praebasilare. The

promentum is never separate. The somites are cylinders closed

ventrally and each inserted into the foregoing somite (“‘ Kinschub-

cylinder,” Verhoefi). The anterior sternite does not participate in the

formation of this cylinder. The abdominal sternites are completely

coalesced with the tergites. The tracheal trunks are branched; most

of the tracheae rise from the basal half, some also from the inner ends.

Pores generally present, but never on all the abdominal segments ;

they are wanting on the sixth and generally also on the eighth,

eleventh, and fourteenth segments; rarely wanting altogether. No

coxal pouches. The cheeks consist of 7-8 parts, 4-5 belonging to the

anterior, 3 to the posterior cephalic pleurite. The mandibular plate

(Reibeplatte) without file, but with ridges and saw. Median area of

the epipharynx without longitudinal thickening and without teeth

and warts. Hypopharynx with special compression knobs. Collum

without condyle. The vasa deferentia open on the coxae of the

second pair of legs. The first pair of appendages of the seventh

somite transformed into gonopods, the second pair of this somite

with normal legs. Number of segments 19, 20, 21, or 22. The

number constant in each species. Sometimes the males have one

segment less than the females.

The South African families may be distinguished by the following

key :—

Key to the Families of Polydesmordea.

la. The coxae of the gonopods connected by broad, medially coalescent processes ;

the median part raised, keel-shaped

(Suborder Polydesmidea) Fam. Vanhoeffeniidae Att.

1b. The coxae of the gonopods free or more or less connected, but notyby broad,

medially keel-like, raised processes . . (Suborder Strongylosomidea) 2.

2a. Certain joints of the anterior (or more) legs with spherical bristles

Sphaerotrichopidae Att.

VOL. XXVI. 16

242 Annals of the South African Museum.

2b. None of the legs with spherical bristles : 6 g oh

3a. Femur of the gonopod ovate, well defined from ane bias hating ; the tibia

hairless. The keels of the second segment generally (in all South African

genera) lying below the level of the following keels

Strongylosomidae Att.

3b. Femur and tibia of the gonopod completely fused without any trace of a de-

marcation; the hairs extending to the slender tibial part. Keels of the

second segment on the same level with the following keels

Gomphodesmidae Cook.

Fam. STRONGYLOSOMIDAE Att.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 184.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 140.

Coxae of the gonopods relatively long and slender. Femur short,

ovoid, wholly hairy, well defined, and separated from the tibia.

Tibia generally with a long, slender, flagelliform process with the

seminal duct ; the tarsus broad, lamelliform, forming a sheath for the

tibial process ; or the tibial process strong and free ; in rare cases the

whole telopodite is simplified to the form of a simple sickle (e.g. gen.

Gonodrepanum).

Nineteen or twenty segments. The keels are very variously de-

veloped ; if present they are thickened laterally ; sometimes they are

represented only by a fine edge, sometimes they are completely

wanting. Generally the keels of the second segment lie more ventrally

than the collum and the keels of the third segment. Pores generally

present on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-18, or 19. In Xanthodesmus

they are wanting on the fifth segment. Caudal process generally

conical, rarely broader, hollowed out on the ventral side. Sternite

five often, sternite six sometimes, with one or two processes. The

legs of the $ often with peculiarities (knobs, etc.), but never with

spherical bristles. Size small or medium.

Distribution.—All regions except the Nearctic; especially the

Indo-Australian Region.

In the above-cited paper (1926) I gave a key to all the numerous

genera. In South Africa only three genera occur : two already known,

Phaeodesmus and Orthomorpha ; and one new genus, Podochresimus,

nearly allied to Phaeodesmus. Orthomorpha is represented by

O. gracilis, imported into many European hot-houses and probably

also imported into South Africa from India or South America. Thus

all the South African Strongylosomidae spread by natural means are

derived from Phaeodesmus-like forms.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 243

In his “ Essai sur les Polydesmiens,”’ Brélemann describes certain

genera as new, but the following synonymies are clear :—

Vaulogerodesmus Brol. =Nedyopus Att.

Tricladosoma Brol. =Akamptogonus Att.

Helicorhabdosoma Brél.=Subgen. Helicorthomorpha Att.

Stosatea Brol. =Entothalassinum Att.

The genus Haplogonosoma seems to belong in the vicinity of

Gonodrepanum Att.

Key to the South African Genera of Strongylosomidae.

la. Tarsus of gonopods bent on the base of the gonopod . . a)

2a. Femur of certain anterior pairs of legs of ¢ with ventral digctonae process

Phaeodesmus Cook.

2b. Femur of male legs richoue digitiform process : . Habrodesmus Cook.

1b. Tarsus of gonopods straight, directed distally : : , aa Ox

3a. On the tip of the gonopodial tibia a lateral branch Podochresimus nov. gen.

35. On the tip of the gonopodial tibia no lateral branch

Orthomorpha sens. strict.

Gen. PoDOCHRESIMUS nov.

Twenty segments. Pores on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19.

Gonopods: tibia short and very broad, with two pointed lateral

branches on the inner surface and on the lateral margin. Tibial

process long, slender, arcuate, and enclosed by the half-canal formed by

the tarsus. ‘Tarsus large, bi- or tri-ramous ; one branch is the sheath

for the tibial process, the remaining two branches are broad, rounded

plates. Second segment with small oblique ridges, situated deeper

ventrally than the sides of the collum ; the segments following without

keels or longitudinal furrows. Metasomites with shallow transverse

furrow ; the segments constricted at the suture, the suture smooth.

Surface of dorsum smooth. Sternite five with one bristled process

between the legs of the anterior pair ; the remaining sternites without

processes, spines, or cones. The tail conical, pointed; anal scale

arcuate with two long bristles ; anal valves with small border and two

long bristles. On the ventral side of the third joint of the legs of

the g, beginning from the second pair, one bristled or naked knob ;

the last joint and sometimes also the penultimate joint with a dense

brush on the ventral side. The females of the species so far known

are very similar and cannot be distinguished with certainty.

244 Annals of the South African Museum.

Key to the Species of Podochresimus.

la. Pleural crests of the anterior segments unusually large, of the same size as

the lateral keels. Gonopodial tarsus biramous : . alatus n. sp.

1b, The pleural crests are fine edges. Gonopodial tarsus triramous : nD?

2a. The sheath-branch of the gonopodial tarsus bilobed ; one lobe with numerous

spinules 3 c 6 : 0 . : . aculeatus n. sp.

26. The sheath-branch without the above-mentioned peculiarities . é a 2s

3a, The process of the fifth sternite conical and pointed. The sheath-branch of the

gonopodial tarsus with one large lateral spine ; the remaining two branches

of the tarsus are rounded plates directed towards the base. The distal

tooth of the gonopodial tibia is somewhat far from the margin and slender

from the base. The coxal process of the second leg conical and reaching

beyond the terminal margin of the coxae . : . republicanus n. sp.

3b. Process of the fifth sternite truncate and not narrowed distally. The sheath-

branch of the gonopodial tarsus without lateral spine ; the second branch is a

stalked plate directed distally. Coxal process of the second leg low, broadly

rounded, not reaching beyond the coxae . : : fonticinus n. sp.

120. Podochresimus alatus n. sp.

(Pl. X XI, figs. 513, 514; Pl. XXII, fig. 515.)

Colour light chestnut, sternite and legs yellowish-brown, antennae

darker, brightly ringed at the articulations. Width 2-3 mm.

Surface of the metasomites smooth, the cross furrow scarcely visible ;

the transverse suture smooth. The posterior corner of the lateral

keels toothed, beginning from the second segment and surpassing the

posterior border of the metasomites. The tooth is blunt on the anterior

segments and becomes sharper on the posterior segments. Seen from

above the keels are narrow crests. Between the anterior legs of the

fifth segment a large lamelliform process, rounded, distally somewhat

enlarged, and the distal border slightly sinuate (fig. 515). The anterior

side beset with minute hairs. The posterior sternites without pro-

cesses. The pleural crests of the anterior segments are unusually

large, wing-like (hence the name), of the same size as the lateral keels.

On the segments after the copulatory segments they are much weaker

and they are visible to the fifteenth segment. The third joint of the

3rd—5th pairs of legs with a blunt, oblique pin, which is not beset with

hairs (the 6th and 7th pairs of legs without these pins) (fig. 514). The

joints, beginning from the praefemur, of the 3rd—7th pairs with low,

rounded bosses below. The tarsus of the lst-7th pairs with a dense

brush of hairs ; a little tuft of such hairs on the distal end of the tibia.

The legs are long, thickened to the femur in the g. Gonopods (fig. 513) :

the femur well separated from the tibia. On the tibia, before the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 245

base of the tibial process, a long, pointed, inwardly directed lappet

and a second rounded little lappet. Tibial process long and slender.

Tarsus divided into two branches. One branch conical and directed

to the base; the second branch is the sheath for the tibial process ;

its tip is cleft.

Nyaka, Inhambane (5986), Portuguese E. Africa.

121. Podochresimus aculeatus n. sp.

(Pl. IV, figs. 90-93.)

Colour nearly black. Width 1-8 mm. The segments are con-

stricted by the smooth suture. No keels. The surface seems to be

smooth ; but the animals are so badly preserved that I cannot say

this for certain. Transverse furrow of the metasomites weak.

Sternite five with one bristled, low, conical process between the legs

of the anterior pair. Sixth and following sternites without process ;

sternites with transverse impression and long bristles. First pair of

legs of $ without peculiar processes. Pairs three, four, and five with

one densely pubescent knob on the third joint (fig. 93). The tactile

bristles of the first and second joints very long, the ventral side of the

fifth and sixth joints with dense brushes ; only the last joint before the

terminal claw is not bristly. The legs behind the gonopods have no

knob on the third joint, and the fifth joint has a short brush only

at the tip of the ventral side. The last joint has the same brush as

on the anterior legs. Gonopods (fig. 91) : coxa without peculiarities ;

tibia oval, densely covered with long hairs, well defined. Tibia

narrow at the base, then enlarged ; bearing two teeth, one on the

margin and one on the inner surface. Tibial process long, whip-

like; its thin and pointed end is protected by the sheath-branch

(fig. 92) of the tarsus. The second branch is bilobed, one lobe distally

enlarged and truncate, the second beset with numerous little spines,

cones, and hairs.

Clanwilliam Div. (7569), Cape.

122. Podochresimus republicanus nu. sp.

(Pl. IV, figs. 85-89.)

Colour chestnut ; the posterior half of the dorsum of each meta-

somite, the ventral side and the legs yellowish. ¢ length 18 mm.,

width 2 mm.

246 Annals of the South African Museum.

Clypeus pubescent, vertex hairless. Surface of trunk smooth, hair-

less, and shining. Second segment with fine oblique ridges, ending

anteriorly below the sides of the collum. The following segments

without keels (fig. 85) ; the sides slightly swollen, this swelling passing

gradually into the surrounding surface. The segments are distinctly

constricted by the suture, the suture smooth. The tail thick and

short, conical, straight, with long, scattered hairs; anal scale arcuate

and pointed, with two long bristles; anal valves with high but

narrow borders. Sternites pubescent, with transverse impression ;

the fifth sternite with one conical and long-bristled process. The re-

maining sternites without processes. The legs of the ¢ relatively

slender and weakly pubescent, except the tarsus and first leg. Coxal

process of the second leg (fig. 89) short, rismg from the terminal

margin of the coxae and therefore extending beyond them. ‘Third

joint of legs 2-7, and of some legs behind the gonopods, with a

prominence on the ventral side, bearing a little pencil of dense, long

bristles (fig. 88). The size of this prominence increases gradually

from the second to the seventh pair of legs. Ventral side of the last

joint of nearly all legs with a brush of long dense bristles, the brush

half as long as the jomt. In the 2 the brush is wanting.

The gonopodial opening is a regular transverse oval, the posterior

margin not visibly raised, the whole margin smooth (not notched).

Gonopods (fig. 86) : coxae and femur like those of the allied species ;

the shape of the suddenly enlarged tibia is also the same. The

two lateral teeth of the tibia with their bases form almost a semicircle ;

the distal tooth is somewhat removed from the margin on to the inner

surface; both are slender, curved, and pointed. The tibial process

is biramous, one very slender arm bearing the seminal duct, the second

arm wider and embracing the first ; both are clasped by the sheath-

branch of the tarsus. The sheath-branch has one straight, pointed

lateral tooth (wanting in the allied species) ; soft lamellae form the

sheath for the tibial process (fig. 87). Spinules and hairs as in

P. aculeatus are wanting. The second and third lamellae of the

tarsus are broad, rounded, and curved basally.

Cape Province—Houw Hoek, Caledon (7336, 7621), Hout Bay

(7742), Table Mt., Kirstenbosch (7635), Wynberg, Cape Peninsula

(1526), Kogman’s Kloof, near Ashton (1681), Devil’s Peak (7370),

N.W. part of Cape Province (7587), Camps Bay, Cape Peninsula

(Bs99):

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 247

123. Podochresimus fonticinus n. sp.

(Pl. IV, figs. 94-98.)

The animals were dried and details were not all visible with full

accuracy. Colour now uniform earth-brown. Width 2-4 mm.

Second segment with oblique fine ridges. The following segments

‘without keels. The segments distinctly constricted by the smooth

suture. The transverse furrow of the metasomites weak. Surface

of the trunk smooth, hairless, shining. A fine pleural edge present

up to the fifth segment. Anal segment as in P. republicanus. In

general no differences between these species excepting the secondary

sexual characters.

Sternite five with one uniformly broad, weakly pubescent, lamelli-

form process between the legs of the anterior pair (fig. 96). The remain-

ing sternites without processes. The anterior legs of the g noticeably

thicker than in P. republicanus. The inner end of the coxa of the

second leg is inflated and a little prominent, without forming a dis-

tinctly separate process (fig. 97). The bristly prominence on the

ventral side of the third joint weak on the second to the fifth pair

(fig. 98), large on the sixth and seventh pairs. The brush covers

nearly the whole under surface of the last joint and the greater part

of the fifth joint. Gonopods (fig. 95): coxa and femur as in allied

species. ‘Tibia becoming suddenly enlarged, bearing two teeth, one

proximal on the inner surface, one distal on the margin, the latter

pointed. The tibial process is not biramous but simple, the tarsus

is trilobed. The sheath-branch (a) has no lateral teeth and no spinules

and hairs. The second branch (0) is a stalked rounded plate, the third

branch a curved rounded lamella (c) (fig. 94). -

Stellenbosch (14644), Tulbagh (13504), Cape.

Gen. Haspropesmus Ck.

124. Habrodesmus rhodesianus n. sp.

(PI. TV, figs. 99-101; Pl. V, fig. 107.)

Colour light chestnut ; the posterior half of each metasomite, the

keels, the tail, and the legs yellow. (As the specimens have been

lying for a long time in alcohol, the original colour was perhaps

different.) Width 1-8 mm.

Clypeus pubescent ; antennae long and slender. Vertex furrow

sharp. Sides of collum rounded, a little raised. Dorsum strongly

248 Annals of the South African Museum.

arched, the keels well developed, with a tooth-like posterior end

reaching beyond the posterior margin from the second segment on-

wards. The keel is sharply defined dorsally; the pore opens in a

flattened boss below the lateral edge. The dorsal margin of the

metasomite with one or two little teeth near the lateral keel. Meta-

somites smooth, hairless, the transverse furrow distinct. The pleural

edge present up to the seventeenth segment. Tail cylindrical, straight.

Sternites broad, with shallow transverse furrow and long, scattered

hairs. Sternite five with one large rounded pubescent lamella slightly

notched in the middle (fig. 107). Sternite six without process.

Sternites behind the gonopods with four hairy protuberances, the

two anterior protuberances of each shorter than the posterior ones.

Coxae and praefemur with one very long ventral bristle. Third joint

of first leg in the § without process. All legs without spines. Nearly

the whole of the sixth and the distal half of the fifth joint of legs 1-7

with a dense brush; all the rest of the joints with scattered hairs.

The hairs on the dorsal surface of the praefemur and femur are shorter

and hooked. Gonopods (figs. 99-101): coxae and femur without

peculiarities; the femur well defined and strongly bristled. Tibia

short and broad. On the inner side in the middle one short, irregu-

larly curved little hook (h); near the insertion of the tarsus one

broad lamella (p), and on the opposite side one little process directed

laterally (f). The tarsus is flattened down basally, and embraces

with its lamellae the tibial process, which is long, thin, and whip-like.

The tip of the tarsus is divided into several soft, partly fringed, small

lobes. Their shape is difficult to describe, but is represented in the

drawings (figs. 100, 101).

Salisbury (B. 3354), Rhodesia.

Gen. PHAEODESMUS Cook.

1898. Cook, African Strongyl., Proc. U.S. N. Mus., xx, pp. 696, 706.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 215.

Gonopods: tibia short and broad, with one or two lateral branches

proximal to the tibial process. Tibial process thin, filiform, more or

less embraced by the tarsus. Tarsus well defined, large, forming a

hollow leaf. Twenty segments. Keels well developed, tooth-like

or rounded posteriorly. Metasomites smooth, with transverse furrow.

Suture smooth or beaded. Pores on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18,

15-19. Sternites behind the gonopods with two or four cones or

spines. Sternite five with one or two processes between the legs of

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 249

the anterior pair. Tail conical. The fifth and sixth joints of the

legs of the g with or without a brush of bristles.

Distribution.—West, East, and South Africa.

Key to the Species of Phaeodesmus.

la. On the tip of the tibia no lateral branch. 8rd—6th pairs of legs with digitiform

process s : niger 1. sp.

16. On the tip of the ‘aT one Mistral Dench: tera aad 4th or 5th and 6th pairs

of legs with digitiform process : : 5 Pe

2a. 3rd and 4th pairs of legs with digitiform process. istemnite 5 ih one lamella.

Colour of body chocolate-brown ; ; . longipes (Att.).

2b. 5th and 6th pairs of legs with digitiform process. Sternite 5 with two conical

processes. Body blackish . : 5 , aloysit sabaudiae Sily.

125. Phaeodesmus niger n. sp.

(Pl. XXI, figs. 503-506; Pl. XXVI, fig. 567.)

Colour nearly black. Width 2 mm.

The lateral keels are inflated, dorsally sharply defined (fig. 503).

Seen from the side they are triangular, the posterior blunt tooth

only slightly surpassing the posterior margin of the metasomite.

The pore is directed outwards, lying in the middle of the keel. The

keel of the second segment is situated more ventrally than the following

ones. The segments are constricted at the transverse suture; the

latter finely beaded. A distinct transverse furrow present up to the

eighteenth segment. The surface of the metasomite very finely

wrinkled. Near the posterior dorsal margin some low granules. The

pleural keels are well developed in the anterior half of the body. The

sternite of the fifth segment has a bilobed process between the coxae

of the anterior pair (fig. 505). The sternite of the sixth segment

without prominence. The posterior sternites hairy.

The femur of the 3rd—6th pairs of legs (fig. 567) with a ventral

digitiform process. The tarsus of the legs before the copulatory

segment with a dense brush of bristles. On the top of the tibia a little

pencil of similar bristles. The opening for the gonopods is con-

stricted in the middle (fig. 506). Gonopods (fig. 504): the tibia

is largest in the middle, the tibial process (7f) is slender and pointed,

sheathed by the tarsus (Ya). The tarsus is relatively narrow, folded

back along the tibia; near the base a strong lateral tooth.

S.W. Africa.—Namutoni (B. 5939), Sandup (5972), Otjimbumbe,

Kunene River (5942).

250 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. ORTHOMORPHA sens. strict. Att.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 190.

Subgen. KatorTHoMoRPHA Att.

126. Orthomorpha gracilis C. Koch.

1898. Attems, Syst. d. Polydesm., i, p. 337.

Cape Province.—Houw Hoek (7358, 7359); Cape Town (1656), in

gardens; Cape Peninsula (1520); Kingwilliamstown (150160).

Japan, Chile, Paraguay, Brazil.

Hot-houses in many European towns.

[Strongylosoma cylindraceum forma capensis Porat, Bih. Svenska

Ak. Hand., iv, Nr. 7, p. 16, 1893, is not recognisable. ]

[Also the description of Strongylosoma punctatum Attems, 1907,

Mitt. nat. Mus. Hamburg, xviii, p. 87, based upon a female is useless. ]

Fam. SPHAEROTRICHOPIDAE Att.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 238.

1915. Semnosomidae Brélemann, Essai Polyd., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

xxxivs p.505.

1926. Sphaerotrichopidae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

iv, p. 145.

Coxae of the gonopods lying close together, generally more or less

connected ; the tip not prominent laterally. Sometimes the telo-

podites are coalescent. Femur without process, no line of demarcation

between femur and tibia, or between tibia and tarsus. The whole

telopodite nearly straight; the seminal duct opening on a short

tibial process ; 19, 20, or 21 segments.

Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 15, 18, or 19, sometimes

also on segments 14 or 11 and 14, or 8, 11, and 14. Certain joints of

the anterior or of the anterior and posterior legs of the § with spherical

protuberances, wanting only in Harpethriz, with or without bristles.

Tail conical. Size small or medium.

The general appearance very variable, possessing features which

vary from Strongylosoma to Cryptodesmus ; without keels or with very

broad flat keels, or stages intermediate between the two.

Distribution.—Australia, America, Africa.

Key to the Genera of Sphaerotrichopidae.

la. 21 segments . : F ; : : ; Pseudoprionopeltis Carl.

1b. 20 segments. : 4 : : : 6 : : : See,

lc. 19segments . : : : : : : : : é celal

100.

lla.

110.

12a.

125.

13a.

130.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 251

. Pores on segments 5, 7, 9-19; femora of the gonopods coalescent

Pleonaraius Att.

. Pores on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12-19; keels very large and broad. General

appearance that of a Cryplodesmus t : . Platytavrus nov. gen.

. Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19. ? ; NO:

. Legs of g without cones or spheres. : ; Harpethrix nov. gen.

. Legs of g with cones or spheres . ; ‘ : Supe

. The surface, including the anal valves, densely pales: Keels very broad.

The lateral margin thin, without marginal thickening Microporus Att.

. Dorsum smooth, sometimes with transverse rows of large tubercles, never

granular 5,

. Telopodites of the Sonowods not Heoalescent : : 3 aGs

. The praefemur and the following joints of the anterior legs ih spheres

Gnomeskelus nov. gen.

. Praefemur always, femur and tibia generally without spheres or sphere-like

bristles, with short, curved, strong bristles or with long soft hairs Saale

. Praefemur and femur with a few long thin hairs ; femur, tibia, and tarsus with

spheres : : : Anaulacodesmus Att.

. Praefemur and ee with hos, stone, sickle-like bristles. Tibia with sickle-

like bristles or spheres. Tarsus with spheres or sphere-like bristles . 8.

. Metasomites without distinct lateral keels, at most with roundly inflated ones

(South America) . : : : 3 . 6g: th

. Metasomites with three rows of flat Deotaberannes Sternite 5 without

process ; : Myrmekia Att.

. Metasomites Tathout dona protuberanoss Stemiite 5 with two hairy

processes. : Semnosoma Silv.

. Metasomites with liga Heels tosthed DOR tEHOFIG (South Africa)

Philocaffrus nov. gen.

. The telopodites of the gonopods partly coalescent : ‘ eo}

10a.

On the aboral side of the gonopodial femora a transverse crest ounaine a

groove. Dorsum of metasomites smooth. (Chile.) . Chiliosoma Brél.

No crest on the aboral side of the gonopodialfemora. Dorsum of metasomites

with three rows of bristle-bearing tubercles. (South Africa.)

Gonokollesis nov. gen.

(2) Pores present on segments 5, 7-18. (Dorsum with rows of tubercles and

bristles. ) : : : : Sphaerotrichopus Att.

Pores present on segments , Us 9, 10, 12 pile}; Wares © i 0 é ok2s

Tibia with strong mare (Keels distinet, Dorsum without tubercles or

bristles. ) é ! ‘ : F : Icosidesmus Carl.

Tibia without groups at ty les. : . . 13.

Body nearly cylindrical, without distinct eels, doreurn smiobth

Oligodesmus Att.

Keels well developed, the lateral margin dentate. Dorsum of metasomites

with rows of bristle-bearing tubercles : : Scytonotus Koch.

Gen. PLATYTARRUS nov.

Twenty segments. Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13,

15-19; laterally situated. General appearance that i a Bests

desmus. Collum much larger than the head, but not covering it.

252 Annals of the South African Museum.

Antennae slightly or not at all incrassate at the tip. Keels of the

metasomites very broad and flattened ; dorsum with transverse rows

of low protuberances. Posterior border of the metasomite beset with

small, generally forked, pointed hairs. Tail conical. Praefemur,

femur, and tibia of the anterior legs of the g with short, sickle-shaped

bristles. Tarsus (both joints) with spherical bristles. Coxae of the

gonopods coalescent, the suture persisting. The bases of the telopodites

contiguous. At the middle of their inner margins the two telopodites

are coalescent. The parts of the telopodite not marked by sutures.

127. Platytarrus cryptodesmoides n. sp.

(Pl. IV, fig. 102; Pl. V, figs. 103-106.)

Colour reddish-brown. Width: prosomite 1-8 mm., metasomite

3-5 mm.

Clypeus with scattered hairs. Collum very broad, nearly as broad

as the second segment; much broader than the head, but not con-

cealing it. The keels (fig. 106) are very broad and inserted high up ;

the dorsum is therefore more or less flat ; the anterior angle rounded,

the lateral margin weakly convex with three (on the poreless) or four

(on the pore-bearing segments) weak notches, bearing little hairs.

The posterior angle is acute and tooth-like only on the last segment.

The dorsal surface of the keels is polygonally reticulate. On the

dorsum between the keels one transverse furrow, the space in front

of this furrow nearly smooth; behind the furrow two rows of flat

protuberances or areas; the longitudinal furrows between the pos-

terior areas begin in notches in the posterior margin; on the sixth

segment there are 13, on the posterior segments 21 notches; in the

middle of the arcuate margin between two notches a little hair. The

pores open laterally on the narrow border, scarcely swollen in the

neighbourhood of the pore. The fringed posterior border of the

metasomites broad ; the fringes coalescent for the greater part of their

length, the free points of the fringes generally forked, rarely simple,

or 3-pointed (fig. 102). The fringed border is not the immediate

prolongation of the posterior margin of the metasomite, but of a

duplication of it under the margin. Sternites much broader than

long, with a transverse impression, two rows of soft hairs, without

processes. Anal segment: tail conical, scale triangular, the angle

rounded, with two bristles.

The praefemur and femur of the legs in the g are much incrassate ;

the base of the femur stalk-like and narrowed ; the upper side of the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 253

praefemur prominent and rounded. Coxa and praefemur with one long

bristle. Praefemur, femur, and tibia with short, arcuate bristles.

The tarsus with spherical bristles ; the second joint of the tarsus with

numerous, the other joints with scattered, bristles. The gonopodial

opening oval, only little broader than long ; the sides of the surround-

ing parts are raised; the band in front of the opening is broad, the

one below narrow. Gonopods (figs. 103-105): the basal parts with

the coxal horn are mutilated through dissection, and I cannot give

a precise description. The coxae are fused, the suture persisting. The

base of the telopodite is but little swollen ; the femora are contiguous ;

the telopodite is a little narrowed, then enlarged, and the two telo-

podites coalescent. The tip is divided into several branches; on

the oral side one arm (a) standing directly out and beset with blunt

lateral spines; two terminal lamellae, one of them (b) bearing the

seminal duct (the first branch and this latter are probably parts of

the tibia) ; the second terminal lamella (c) is dentate. On the aboral

side two strong spines.

Krom Spruit, Herschel (B. 2226), Cape.

Gen. GONOKOLLESIS nov.

Twenty segments. Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13,

15-19. General appearance that of a small Haplosoma, without

distinct keels. Somites constricted at the suture. Sternites five and

six without process. ‘Tail conical, pointed, weakly curved downwards.

Praefemur, femur, and postfemur of the first to eighth pairs of legs

with numerous curved bristles on the under surface ; tibia and tarsus

with numerous spheres, intermixed with hairs. Gonopods with the

coxae coalescent ; they are not appreciably produced laterally at the

extremity. The telopodites are coalescent along more than half of

their inner margins. No boundaries of joints visible. The extremity

has many rami; one branch, the tibial process, bears the seminal

duct.

128. Gonokollesis nanus n. sp.

(Pl. V, figs. 108-114.)

Colour earthy-brown. Width 0-45 mm. The animals are badly

preserved.

Antennae (fig. 112) long, clavate ; in the 3 more so than in the 9.

Joints 2-7 with one or two long tactile bristles ; all the joints densely

covered with hairs. The fifth and sixth joints with a group of weakly

254 Annals of the South African Museum.

curved, blunt, sensitive spines (fig. 111). The seventh joint with a

lateral prominence bearing pointed bristles. The last (eighth) joint

with four normal cones (fig. 110).

The somites strongly constricted at the suture. The sides of the

metasomites swollen, with one longitudinal ridge. The pores open

dorsally close to this ridge near the posterior end; lateral keels are

not distinct. Metasomites with three rows of bristles, each resting

on a little knob. Collum with four rows of such bristles. On the

sides and ventrally the metasomites are covered with little pointed

cones. The posterior margin is finely pubescent in the middle of

the ventral surface. The opening for the gonopods very large, oval ;

in front of the opening there is a narrow band. Sternites five and six

in the § without processes.

Tarsus and tibia of legs 1-8 with several rows of spheres intermixed

with strong bristles; both are isolated, not connected to spherical

bristles as in other genera; only on the extremity of the tarsus the

spheres are sometimes prolonged (fig. 113). Posterior legs without

spheres. Praefemur, femur, and postfemur with numerous curved

dorsal bristles. One long bristle on the ventral side of coxa and prae-

femur, and on the dorsal side of the tibia. Gonopods (figs. 108, 109) :

the coxae are coalescent, the median suture very distinct; the

extremity projects a little laterally and the telopodite has the same

axis as the coxa. The telopodites are also coalescent. In the basal

part the margins are bluntly dentate. The femoral part is slightly

incrassate, thence the gonopod is narrowed and bears some bristles

on the aboral side. The extremity is divided into several branches ;

one large lateral branch (a), the bilobed branch with the seminal

duct (Sr), and a trilobate branch (b) between “a” and “ Sr.”

Houw Hoek, Caledon (7362, 7336, 150104).

Gen. GNOMESKELUS nov.

Twenty segments. Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12,

13, 15-19. General appearance that of a Strongylosoma. Collum

broadly rounded. The somites are moderately constricted at the

suture, widest posteriorly. Suture smooth. Dorsum of metasomite

generally smooth, without transverse furrow, rarely with one furrow

and two rows of low protuberances behind the furrow. At the sides

of the metasomite rounded prominences sharply defined dorsally,

gradually vanishing ventrally. The posterior end either rounded or

dentate. Posterior margin of the metasomite sometimes dentate.

The pores opening dorsally near the posterior end. Anterior sternite

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 255

generally without processes, but in G. globifer with two rounded

tubercles. Sternites all hairless, generally smooth, rarely granulated,

with one transverse or with two cross impressions. Tail straight,

pointed. The scale triangular or tongue-shaped and rounded. The

extremity sometimes projecting a little. The valves with high but

narrow margination ; two bristles beside the lateral margin.

The anterior legs of the g with spheres or cones on the under

side; the coxae with or without these spheres. The gonopodial

opening circular or oval; the posterior border raised, lamelliform.

The coxae of the gonopods are coalescent; the extremity is not

produced laterally. The telopodites are not coalescent. Telopodite

joints without visible suture. The extremity is divided into the tibial

process with the seminal duct and the tarsal branch, sometimes one

or two lateral tibial branches. Tibial process and tarsus strong.

Key to the Species of Gnomeskelus.

la. Joints 3, 4, 5 of the legs of segments 9-16 of G enlarged at the extremity 2.

2a. The tarsus of these legs with two rounded prominences below, tibia without

prominence and without tooth. Lateral keels rounded on all segments

(1) clavatus n. sp.

2b. Tarsus and tibia of the legs of the segments 9-16 with a pointed tooth in the

middle. The lateral keels pointed from the second segment and _ sur-

passing the posterior margin . : 3 ‘ 5 (2) dentipes Att.

10. The legs without these peculiarities. : : : ai) yas

3a. Trunk blackish-brown, antennae and legs rose- ehloureal (8) rhodobates n. sp.

3b. Yellowish or brownish : 2 : ‘ : ; a : aacs

4a. Coxae of the anterior legs (3-7) with spheres ; the lateral prominences of the

metasomites are blunt teeth in the posterior half of the body, sometimes

also in the anterior half ; ! : “ : no!

* 5a. Metasomites with one transverse furrow era two rows of leer bristle- bearing

protuberances behind the furrow . : : (4) terreus n. sp.

5b. Metasomite without protuberances, generally also without furrow . ae O:

6a. Posterior margin of the metasomite not dentate. Sternites granular, without

tooth near the posterior coxae. The protuberances of joints 1-5 of the legs

are pointed cones and are present on the posterior legs also

(5) szlvaticus n. sp.

6b. On the posterior margin of the metasomite one or several pointed teeth dorsally.

Sternites smooth ; near the posterior coxae one pointed tooth. The pro-

tuberances are present only on the anterior legs and are spherical Sub als

7a. On the posterior margin of metasomite 6 (on the poreless segments) or 8 (on

the pore-bearing segments) acute teeth. Gonopodial tibia with one long

slender lateral branch. Sternite 5 without tubercles (6) natalicus n. sp.

7b, Posterior margin of segments 9, 10, 12, 13 with one, segments 15 and 16 with

two teeth on each side, on segments 17-19 several teeth. Gonopodial tibia

with one short tooth on the median and lateral side. Sternite 5 with two

low tubercles between the posterior legs . : : (7) globifer n. sp.

256 Annals of the South African Museum.

4b. Under side of the coxae of the anterior legs without spheres or cones . 8.

8a. Posterior angle of the lateral keels sharply tooth-like, beginning from the

second segment ; next to it one or two small teeth on the posterior margin

of the metasomite : 6 o

9a. In the middle of the ponopodial ‘alleondits, feel a tiene bipartite spine.

The telopodite is a simple broad sickle without lateral branches

(11) spintfer n. sp.

9b. Gonopodial telopodite with a small simple tooth on the tip of the straight

middle part. The telopodite is biramous, a plate with dentated margin

and a slender sickle with the seminal duct F . (12) globulatus Att.

8b. Lateral keels of the anterior half of the body rounded posteriorly or with a

blunt and short angle. No teeth on the posterior margin of the

metasomite . . . 10.

10a. Gonopodial telopodite with a denecly snined lppet ora dentated ard Se allils

lla. Lateral keels wholly rounded. Metasomite without transverse furrow, smooth.

Gonopodial telopodite with a dentated sickle, connected with a smooth

branch : 3 : : . (9) ceresinus n. sp.

11. Posterior angle of the intaral Reels on the anterior segments blunt, on the

posterior segments acute. Metasomite with a transverse furrow, behind this

furrow two rows of areas. Gonopodial telopodite with a large broad lappet

with numerous little teeth ; next to its base a smooth branch and laterally

and mesially one branch j : . (13) penicillatus Att.

106. Gonopodial telopodite without dentated pranohes : 5 I

12a, The protuberances of joints 2-5 of the male legs are peintedl cones, ene gono-

podial telopodite is bristled up to the tip of the tibia (8) repandus n. sp.

12b. The protuberances of the legs are hemispherical. The gonopodial telopodite

is bristled up to two-thirds of the length. The coxal process of the second leg

of the dis unusually large, reaching nearly up to the middle of the praefemur

(10) puternus n. sp.

129. (1) Gnomeskelus clavatus n. sp.

(Pl. V, figs. 115-118.)

Colour a uniform reddish-brown (but badly preserved). Width

1-7 mm. ; slender.

Collum broadly rounded laterally. The somites weakly con-

stricted at the suture; each metasomite enlarged posteriorly ; no

dorsal transverse furrow ; smooth, hairless; suture smooth. At the

sides low prominences sharply defined dorsally, rounded posteriorly ;

on the last segments they are not tooth-like. The pore opens dorsally

to the prominence which is close to the posterior end. Fine pleural

keel visible up to the tenth segment. Sternites smooth, hairless, all

without processes ; scarcely impressed.

First leg 6-jointed; joimts 1-5 with one long and several short

bristles, last joint densely pubescent. Second pair of legs: the first,

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 257

second, third, and fifth joints with one long bristle underneath, the

fourth and fifth joints with several short hairs, the last (sixth) joint

densely pubescent underneath. No styles present. The genital

process of the male coxae short and broad, its tip distant from the

terminal border (fig. 115). The spheres begin on the third pair ;

they are present on joints 2-6, especially numerous on the fifth and

sixth joints where they occupy the whole ventral surface; on the

fourth joint there are only a few spheres; on the third and second

joints they are present only in the distal half. On the first joint no

spheres (a difference between this and other species). Except for the

last spheres of the sixth joint they are wholly spherical, without any

point. The first and second joints of these legs have one long bristle,

the last joint several bristles at the sides; the under surface is free.

The eighth pair resembles the preceding ones. The legs of the ninth

to sixteenth segments are different ; the third joint is very long, and

this and the fourth and fifth joints are abruptly enlarged at the tip,

forming a rounded prominence on the under surface. These prom-

inences increase from the third to the fifth pair. The last (sixth)

joint has two rounded prominences on the under surface, the distal

prominence bearing several spheres with a little point (fig. 117). The

first and second joints bear one long bristle; the last joint is strongly

bristled ; the remaining joints hairless (fig. 116). The caudal process

conical and pointed, moderately long; the anal valves with two

bristles close to the high border. The genital opening in the seventh

somite of the male circular; the posterior border raised as a low

lamella. Gonopods (fig. 118): femur and tibia without visible

demarcation. The tibia bears on the inner side one long distally

directed branch (6). Suture between tibia and the little rudimentary

tarsal process (Za) not visible. The tibial process with the seminal

duct long, strongly curved.

Mossel Bay (7418), Cape.

130. (2) Gnomeskelus dentipes n. sp.

(Pl. XXVI, figs. 564-566.)

Colour earth-brown ; the antennae darkened. Width 2 mm.

The dorsum is rounded; metasomites smooth, very slightly un-

even, leather-like, with transverse rows of little, pointed, posteriorly

directed hairs. The cross furrow scarcely visible. The transverse

suture smooth. The lateral keels begin on the second segment ; the

posterior corner is toothed and surpasses the posterior border of the

VOL. XXVI. NY

258 Annals of the South African Museum.

metasomites. The tooth is of nearly equal size until the 18th seg-

ment. On the pore-bearing segments there is a second little tooth

on the medial side and their keels are bidentate. Lateral border

of the keels moderately convex. The fringes on the posterior

border of the metasomites like a fine saw. The posterior sternites

wide, without processes or hairs, with cross impression. The first

and second pairs of legs much weaker than the abruptly thickened

subsequent pairs, without spheres. From the third pair all joints

except the coxa densely beset with spheres. Coxa and praefemur

with one long tactile seta. Praefemur in the basal half bearing simple

sickle-like bristles, in the distal half pointed conical warts and cross-

rifled spheres. On the femur the warts and spheres are the same.

On the postfemur, tibia and tarsus, spheres only; some bearing a

little point. On the tarsus a little space at the tip is free ; in the other

joints the spheres occupy nearly the whole under side (fig. 566). The

hairs are few in number and small; only the tarsus is densely haired.

Tibia with one dorsal tactile seta. The 8th and 9th pairs have the

same spheres as the 3rd—7th pairs. On the 10th—16th pairs the tibia

and tarsus have a callus, the tibia near the end, the tarsus more

remote from the end, and the spheres are present only on this callus.

In the middle of the tibia and tarsus of the 10th—16th pairs a little

tooth. The opening for the gonopods is large, oval, the anterior

plate closing the opening very narrow. The coxae of the gonopods

(figs. 564, 565) are connected. The hairs covering the seminal groove

are short and few in number. The rest of the hairs of the femoral part

somewhat longer. The tibial part is straight, moderately wide, then

a little constricted and branched; the tibial process (7f) is sickle-

like, 2-pointed at the end, and bearing a large, rounded lamella on

the base. The second branch is also sickle-like, slender, and simple.

Masiene, Chai Chai (5998, 6004), Portuguese E. Africa.

131. (8) Gnomeskelus rhodobates n. sp.

(Pl. V, figs. 119-121.)

Colour: head and trunk blackish-brown, nearly black; antennae

and legs rose-coloured. Width 2-6 mm.

Head hairless; antennae long, club-like. Sides of the collum

broadly rounded. The somites constricted by the smooth suture.

The sides of the metasomite swollen, beginning gradually from the

suture; the posterior end of these plates is blunt, only becoming

a little sharper on the eighteenth and nineteenth segments. The

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 259

posterior half of the plate is defined by a sharp groove beginning on the

posterior border of the metasomite and gradually disappearing in the

middle. At the sides of the plates one delicate ridge. The pore opens

dorsally to this ridge near the posterior end. Posterior margin of the

metasomites without denticulations. Sternites without prominences.

Praefemur, femur, and tibia of legs 3-8 with high, smooth, pointed

cones. The coxae of the third and fiith pairs with several cones

(fig. 119); coxae of the remaining legs without cones; the tibia and

tarsus with numerous striated spheres (fig. 121); in the proximal half

of the tibia these spheres are somewhat conical, and striated. Gono-

pods (fig. 120): the coxae coalescent ; distal surface of coxae oblique ;

the telopodite without trace of articulation. The base is swollen ;

the hairs are relatively sparse and extend to the end of the straight

basal part of the telopodite; the tip is strongly curved inwards,

crossing with the opposite gonopod. In the middle of the semi-

circle one short, rounded lamella. The tip is forked, the slender branch

bearing the seminal duct.

Coldstream, Humansdorp (B. 5297, B. 5304), Cape.

132. (4) Gnomeskelus terreus un. sp.

(Pl. V, figs. 122-124.)

Colour earthy-brown. Width 1-5 mm.; slender.

Antennae long and slender, the tip a little clubbed. Collum ellipti-

cal, the sides rounded and lying close to the body. Segments three

and four a little narrowed. The dorsal surface of the metasomites is

divided by a transverse furrow: in front of this furrow is one row of

six bristles, each resting on a minute knob; behind the furrow two

rows of six low prominences bearing one bristle each. The sides of

the metasomites a little swollen; on this callosity a fine ridge with

2-3 weak bristle-bearing notches. The posterior end of the callosity

is tooth-like from the fifth segment onwards. On the pore-bearing

segments the outer tubercle of the last row is dentiform and the pore

opens between this tubercle and the tooth of the callosity. The

pleural keel present up to the seventeenth segment. Sternites smooth,

without processes.

The legs of the g, especially the praefemur and femur, are incrassate ;

the base of the femur is narrowed like a handle: coxae and praefemur

with one long bristle below, tibia with one above. All joints, including

the coxae, bearing spheres; these are a little conical on the four

proximal joints; the spheres of tibia and tarsus furrowed. The

260 Annals of the South African Museum.

hairs are sparse. Two long bristles above the terminal claw. Gono-

pods (figs. 123, 124): the opening on the seventh somite is large,

transversely oval. The coxae are coalescent, but their median

border not raised. The tibia is cylindrical and straight, and sparsely

pubescent on the inner side. Then follows a rounded plate bearing

the terminal branches: the tibial process with the seminal duct, one

pointed, straight lamella (B), and two divergent branches united at the

base, probably the homologue of the tarsus (Za).

Howick (150174), Natal.

133. (5) Gnomeskelus silvaticus n. sp.

(Pl. VI, figs. 125-128.)

Colour blackish; the keels, one narrow longitudinal band on the

prosomites, the anterior half of the metasomites, and two transverse

irregularly defined patches on the posterior half of the metasomite

white or yellowish. The legs reddish-brown. (The animals are badly

preserved and the original colour not recognisable.) Width: meta-

somite 3-2 mm., prosomite 2-6 mm. ; length 20 mm.

Head covered with scattered hairs. Sides of the collum rounded.

The keels are well developed; the anterior and posterior corners are

rounded on segments 2-4; on the following segment the posterior

corner becomes more and more tooth-like, and dorsally it is accom-

panied by a deep furrow beginning on the posterior margin and dis-

appearing in the middle. The keels bear one fine lateral ridge; the

pore opens dorsally from this ridge, close to the posterior end. The

metasomites from the sixth with one weak transverse furrow ; behind

this furrow they are slightly wrinkled; the transverse suture is

slightly striated longitudinally, but not distinctly beaded. Pleural

keel visible to the fifteenth segment. Sternites granular, with one

deep transverse impression without processes.

First and second pairs of legs with several needle-like points on the

praefemur andfemur. The ventral side of all the joints of the follow-

ing legs covered with protuberances—pointed cones on joints 1-5

(fig. 176), spheres on the last joint; a short terminal piece of the

latter has no spheres. Hairs are present on the last joint. The legs

in the middle of the body (nineteenth and twentieth pairs, fig. 128)

resemble the anterior legs. The last joint is long, slender, and slightly

curved. The opening for the gonopods is nearly circular; the pos-

terior border is raised, lamelliform, of even height, with one notch in

the middle. Gonopeds (figs. 125, 127): the telopodite but little

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 261

incrassate at the base; the femur and tibia not separated, the whole

telopodite in one piece; the basal part cylindrical and straight; at

the beginning of the curve is one strong tooth (z); the tibial process

(Tf) is a little lappet, close to it one slender style. The tarsus (7a)

is much larger.

Forest at Knysna (1551, B. 2441), Cape; Inchanga (B. 3382), Natal.

134. (6) Gnomeskelus natalicus n. sp.

(Pl. VI, figs. 129-132.)

Colour blackish-brown, partly chestnut; the original colour not

recognisable on account of the bad state of preservation. 3 width

2mm.

Head-plate pubescent ; antennae long, clubbed. The sides of the

collum evenly rounded and pressed close to the body. The somites

are visibly constricted by the smooth, not beaded, transverse suture.

Lateral keels are present from the second segment onwards. At the

side of the keel one fine ridge ending in a sharp tooth which projects

beyond the posterior margin. On the posterior margin of the meta- °

somites from the fourth backwards, six (on the poreless) or eight (on

the pore-bearing segments) sharp little teeth similar to the teeth on

the keel, diminishing gradually towards the middle of the dorsum

(fig. 132). The pore opens between the tooth of the keel and the

following marginal tooth. On the posterior margin of the inetasomite

a finely fringed border resembling that of the Odontopygidae. No

transverse furrow on the metasomites; surface smooth. Anterior

sternites without processes ; posterior sternites broad, with one weak

mammiform prominence close to each coxa. Pleural keels present

up to the seventeenth segment. Caudal process conical, pointed,

straight, moderately long. The margination of the anal valves

narrow. The anal scale projects, and is conical as seen in

profile. ‘.

The legs are slender, the last joint long. In the $ the praefemur and

femur of the first and second pairs of legs with several conical warts ;

the ventral surface of all the joints of the third to seventh pairs (fig.

131) with spherical warts. They are numerous; on the last joint

only a little terminal piece is free of them. Coxa and praefemur on

the ventral side and tibia above with one long bristle. The pos-

terior legs have no spheres, but are only hairy. The opening for

the gonopods ovate or nearly quadrangular with rounded corners ;

the plate before the opening is very narrow; the posterior border is

262 Annals of the South African Museum.

raised and Jamelliform with a weak notch in the middle. Gonopods

(figs. 129, 130): the coxae are coalescent, but the suture remains

visible. On the lateral side one tapering lamella (d), the base of the

telopodite slightly swollen; the whole telopodite is a single piece

ending in three branches. The broadest branch is the tibial process

(Zf) with the seminal duct ; on the lateral side rises one slender branch

(g) belonging to the tibia. The large branch (7a) represents the

tarsus. All these branches are directed inwards and cross those of

the opposite side.

Krantzkop (B. 3390), Natal.

135. (7) Gnomeskelus globifer n. sp.

(Pl. VI, figs. 136-140.)

Colour earthy-brown. ¢ width 2-2 mm.

Collum with three, the following segments with two rows of little

hairs, disappearing gradually. The keels are narrow and edged,

ending with a sharp tooth passing the posterior border. On the pos-

‘terior border of metasomites 9, 10, 12, 13, close to this tooth, a second

little tooth ; on segments 15 and 16 two, and on segments 17, 18, 19

a cow of teeth continued along the whole border. Sternite five with

two low, rounded tubercles between the posterior legs. Sternite six

without prominence. From the twelfth onwards the sternites are

transversely impressed and have one little prominence divided back-

wards close to the coxae of the posterior pairs of legs.

The legs are long and slender. In the g, joints 1-5 of the first and

second pairs of legs with fine and short pubescence, with one long

tactile bristle below. The last joint with denser hairs. The fourth

and fifth joints of the second pair with several papillae and cones.

The genital process short, scarcely projecting (fig. 137). Joints 3-7

with spheres on all joints (also on the coxae). The spheres are finely

striated (fig. 139) and some are pointed, but most of them are not.

The hairs between the spheres sparse on all joints. The posterior

legs have no spheres ; the fifth joint with one long bristle on the upper

side, the last joint with short, dense hair. The posterior border of the

gonopodial opening is raised, with a notch in the middle of the lamella

(fig. 140). Gonopods (fig. 136): the coxae are coalescent throughout

their length. The femoro-tibial part is long, slender, without suture

between the two parts; the pubescence is sparse. At the beginning

of the curve are two lateral branches, the external one with two teeth,

the internal one plain. The long tibial process is curved inwards.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 263

The broad branch (Ya) is perhaps the tarsus; its tip is dentate

(fig. 138).

Dunbrody on the Sundays River, Uitenhage Div. (7379).

136. (8) Gnomeskelus repandus n. sp.

(Pl. VI, figs. 141-146; Pl. VII, fig. 147.)

Colour: metasomites a light chestnut, bordered with dark brown

behind ; prosomites pale yellowish; antennae brown, legs yellow.

Width: ¢ 2:3 mm., 2 2:8 mm.

Surface of the body smooth, hairless. The keels are represented

by narrow thickenings, rounded behind, sharply defined dorsally by

a furrow. The pores open close to the posterior end and dorsally

from the thickening. The keel of the second segment lower ventrally

than the collum, forming an oblique line with the keels of the third

and fourth segments; its posterior end ‘bluntly lobed. Transverse

suture smooth. Pleural keels visible on the anterior half of the body.

Sternites slightly wrinkled, hairless, the anterior sternites without

processes.

First and second joints of legs 1 and 2 with one very long bristle and

some shorter hairs, joints 3-6 with long and strong hairs. The

genital process large, but not reaching the terminal margin of the

coxa, bearing a little shiny papilla and some short hairs (fig. 146).

Pairs 3-7 (fig. 141) with blunt conical warts on the second to the last

joints (the coxa has no warts); the warts of the last joint more numer-

ous, but not completely rounded. All are finely striated. First and

second joints with one long bristle below; fifth joint with several

bristles above, the last joint more densely pubescent. The end of the

second and fifth joints of the eighth and following pairs of legs swollen

and beset with several conical warts below; joints 3, 4, and 6 also

beset with warts; these warts become more and more spine-like ;

on the last joint they are typical sphere-bristles, a claw-like bristle

with a spherical base. The posterior border of the gonopodial opening

is raised to form a lamella with a notch in the middle (fig. 147). Gono-

pods (figs. 142-145): the coxae (figs. 143, 144) are close together, and

the small space between them is bridged by a broad plate; the distal

plane of the coxae is oblique, laterally longer than internally. The

basal half of the telopodite is straight, pubescent (fig. 145). The

tibial process is large, strongly curved inwards, near the base one little

dentate lamella (1), at the end a little tooth (fig. 142); the tarsus is

directed laterally, its end finely dentate and bearing one strong tooth.

264 Annals of the South African Museum.

This is the commonest species of the genus.

Cape Province—Houw Hoek (7356); Kalk Bay (150115, 150121)

(1641); Simonstown (7718, 7622, 7727); St. James (7716, 7708) ;

Swellendam (7655); Caledon (14659); Venster Ravine, Caledon

(7370, 7373) ; Cape Flats (B. 930); Pass at Avontuur (7331); River

Zonder End (B. 5272).

137. (9) Gnomeskelus ceresinus n. sp.

(Pl. VI, figs. 133-135.)

Colour: metasomites chestnut, prosomites yellowish-brown (badly

preserved). Width 1-7 mm.

Head densely pubescent. Collum broadly rounded (as usual). The

keels are narrow thickenings rounded posteriorly, sharply defined

dorsally by a furrow. The second keel is ventrally lower than the

collum and the third of its posterior end a little angular. The large

pores open dorsally to the thickening near its posterior end. Meta-

somites without transverse furrow. Transverse suture smooth.

The trunk hairless, dorsally smooth, the sides slightly wrinkled.

Sternites hairless, the anterior without processes, the posterior with

cross-shaped impressions; narrow, quadrate. The pleural keels

visible up to the sixteenth segment.

In the 3, joints 1-5 of the first pair of legs with one bristle, especially

long on the second joint. The last joint short and broad, with strong

bristles. Second and third joints of the second pair with several

blunt papillae, fourth and fifth joints with a few spherical bristles ;

the genital process short, rising nearly on the terminal margin of the

coxae, beset with one spine and several bristles (fig. 135). Pairs of

legs 3-7 with warts on the second to the last joints. These warts are

longer on the third joint, spherical with a little point on the last joint.

The tactile bristle on the first and second joints remarkably long. The

last joint abundantly hairy. The posterior legs bear warts on joints

3-6, but there are none on the last third of the sixth joint. Gonopods

(figs. 133, 134): the coxae are connected by a narrow bridge. The

telopodite is not much swollen at the base ; hairs are present only on

the femoral piece (not defined from the tibial piece by suture or

anything like it). The tibial process is curved inwards and its tip is

bifid. The tarsus is biramose. One branch is plain; the distal

branch is dentate, resembling the gonopod of Polydesmus edentulus.

Cape Province.—Ceres (7525); The pass at Avontuur, near Storms

Vlei; Swellendam (7372).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 265

138. (10) Gnomeskelus puteinus n. sp.

(Pl. VII, figs. 148-150.)

Colour now dirty yellow or earthy-brown, probably altered by

alcohol. Width 1-7 mm.

Head-plate covered with dense, short, and fine hairs. Collum with

three rows of fine hairs. Metasomites with two rows of hairs, smooth,

no transverse furrow. ‘Transverse suture smooth; the somites are

visibly constricted by the suture. Hach metasomite is enlarged

posteriorly. The keels are small thickenings, sharply defined by

a furrow dorsally, rounded posteriorly; further, the last keels

have no tooth-like projections posteriorly. The keel of the second

segment is somewhat pointed behind. The pleural keels are visible

up to the eighth segment. Sternites without peculiarities or processes,

etc.

First pair of legs of g with one long bristle on the under side of

joints 1-5. The last joint with strong scattered bristles below.

The genito-coxal process of the second pair (fig. 150) is remarkably

long, extending to the middle of the second joint, thick, tapering.

The second joint below, and the fourth and fifth joints above, with

one long bristle each. Third to sixth pairs of legs with spherical

bristles on the under side of joints 2-6 (coxa without spheres) ; the

spheres few in number; the beginning of the last joint naked.

Seventh and eighth pairs with several spheres on the third joint, and

more numerous ones on the fourth, fifth, and the distal half of the

sixth joint. The posterior legs are slender and have no spheres ;

the last joint richly pubescent, the remaining joints very sparsely

pubescent. The gonopodial opening is ovate; the posterior lamella

raised and notched in the middle. Gonopods (figs. 148, 149): the

coxae coalescent, the base of the telopodite much swollen and the

pubescence a little denser than usual. The tibial process strongly

curved inwards and bifid at the extremity. The tarsus is a broad

plate with a long and strong spine directed laterally.

Matjesfontein (13482), Cape.

139. (11) Gnomeskelus spinifer n. sp.

(Pl. XXI, figs. 501, 502; Pl. XXVI, fig. 568.)

Colour earth-brown. Width 1-5 mm.

The dorsum rounded, smooth (fig. 501); the lateral keels are

narrow crests ; the posterior corner of these crests is toothed, beginning

266 Annals of the South African Museum.

from the second segment, and surpasses the posterior border of the

metasomite. Besides this tooth, on the anterior segments one, on the

posterior segments two little teeth (fig. 502); lateral border of the

crests smooth. Transverse suture smooth. The fringes on the pos-

terior border of the metasomites like a fine saw. The cross furrow

not visible. The metasomites have no transverse rows of setae

(perhaps they are lost by bad preservation). The anterior sternites

without processes. The first pair of legs with some spheres on the

praefemur. The second pair with some spheres on all joints beginning

from the praefemur. From the third pair all joints except the coxa

densely beset with spheres. The spheres in part bearing a little point.

Only few hairs between the spheres. The posterior legs have some

spheres only on the praefemur and femur.

The coxae of the gonopods (fig. 568) are connected, but they can

easily be separated; the telopodite is slender. The basal part is

greyish-white, beset with few and short hairs; the following part

bears some hairs on the inner side; it is then branched ; one branch

is the long-curved tibial process ; the tip of this process resembles a

bird’s head. The second branch is short, straight, and 2-pointed.

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (5991, 5998, 6007, 6004,

6009).

140. (12) Gnomeskelus globulatus Att.

1927. Attems, Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien, xli, p. 58, figs. 12, 13.

Grahamstown.

141. (13) Gnomeskelus penicillatus Att.

1927. Attems, Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien, xli, p. 58, figs. 10, 11.

Mossel Bay, Cape.

Gen. PHILOCAFFRUS nov.

Twenty segments. Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13,

15-19. General appearance that of a little Palaearctic Polydesmus.

Colour generally earthy-brown, rarely dirty yellow. Collum as

broad as the head, elliptical. Metasomites with well-developed keels.

The surface of the dorsum slightly arched, that of the keels nearly

horizontal. The sides of the keels bordered by a fine edge and weakly

notched, with one bristle in each notch. The pores open on the upper

surface close to the lateral edge and to the posterior end. Meta-

somites with three rows of bristles springing generally from low

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 267

tubercles; the posterior margin of the metasomites beset with

branched pyramids or ramose fringes. Caudal process straight,

conical. Sternites all without processes. Tarsus and tibia of the

anterior legs of § always, the postfemur generally, praefemur and femur

always, with spherical bristles. The postfemur, if the sphere-bristles

are wanting, has instead strong sickle-shaped bristles.

The gonopodial opening ovate, the long axis transverse or longi-

tudinal. The coxae of the gonopods lie close together and sometimes

coalesce, but can be separated by a little pressure. The coxae do not

project on the lateral side; the telopodites are not coalescent, and

each consists of one piece; the basal portion (=femur) is swollen

and hairy, and passes without a break into the tibial portion. The

tibia at the tip has sometimes, besides the tibial, one or two lateral

processes. The tarsal portion generally simple, sometimes branched.

Key to the Species of Philocaffrus.

la. Postfemur of the anterior legs of male with sickle-shaped bristles like those of

the praefemur and femur, without spherical bristles . destitutus n. sp.

1b. Postfemur of the anterior legs with spherical bristles like those of the tarsus 2.

2a. At the tip of the gonopodial telopodite, besides the tibial process with the

seminal duct and the tarsus, there are two processes. Lateral branch of the

tibial process with several points; tarsus 4-branched. (Metasomites with

rows of tubercles, the hairs of the dorsum pointed, long axis of the gonopodial

opening transverse) 3 . divisus n. sp.

2b. At the tip of the gonopodial folopodite Besiaest the tibial process and the

tarsus, no lateral branch or only one very small tooth. Lateral ramus of

the tibial branch simple or wanting. Tarsus simple . : : Seo:

3a. The bristles of the metasomites are club-like and bear little hairs on the club.

Metasomites with rows of low tubercles. The long axis of the gonopodial

opening transverse . é : . polydesmoides n. sp.

3b. The bristles of the metasomites are se efiyane and pointed ; metasomites without

tubercles. The long axis of the gonopodial opening is longitudinal

bifalcatus n. sp.

142. Philocaffrus destitutus n. sp.

(Pl. VII, figs. 151-154.)

Colour dirty yellowish-white. ¢ width 1-2 mm.

Clypeus densely covered with short hairs. Antennae slightly

clubbed. Collum elliptical, the rounded sides pressed to the trunk.

The dorsum is moderately arched, the keels rising above the middle

of the sides and well developed. On the second to the fourth segment

they are rounded anteriorly and posteriorly ; from the fifth segment the

posterior angle becomes sharper and sharper, exceeding the posterior

268 Annals of the South African Museum.

margin of the metasomite. At the sides of the keels a fine ridge

with 3-4 little notches bearing one bristle each; these bristles are

slender and pointed. Metasomites 4-18 with a very distinct trans-

verse furrow, but without rows of tubercles. The dorsal bristles are

blunt and sometimes beset with minute hairs. The posterior border of

the metasomites is beset with curious fringes (fig. 153) resembling

little trees with short stumpy branches. At the sides only little

warts or cones. The transverse suture smooth. Sternites five and

six without process.

In the male the coxa and praefemur of the anterior legs with one

long bristle below, tibia with one bristle above. Praefemur, femur, and

postfemur below with strong, blunt, falcate bristles, less numerous

than in P. polydesmoides. The tarsi with spherical bristles. The

legs covered as well with long, scattered hairs. The anterior legs are

incrassate, but less so than in P. polydesmoides. The posterior legs

are simply pubescent. The long axis of the gonopodial opening is

longitudinal (a rare case). Gonopods (figs. 151, 152) much resembling

those of P. polydesmoides. The coxae lie close together, but are

easily separated. The telopodite is long and slender, the basal femoral

portion moderately swollen; the tibia, as far as the bifurcation,

straight and with a few hairs. The tibial process has one simple

lateral lobe. The tarsus is broad and simple (without branches).

The whole telopodite consists of one piece; the component portions

are not defined by sutures, etc.

Steenbrass River, Caledon Div. (A. 2326), Cape.

143. Philocaffrus divisus n. sp.

(Pl. VII, figs. 155-159.)

Colour of § dark earthy-brown. Width 1-5 mm.

The whole head-plate densely covered with fine-pointed hairs.

The antennae strongly clubbed. The keels are small but well

developed; they rise at the upper part of the sides, and the dorsum

is shghtly arched. Side margin convex and bordered by a fine edge

with 3-4 weak notches. The posterior angle is rounded to the fourth

segment, pointed from the fifth. The pores open close to the lateral

edge near the posterior angle. Metasomites with three rows of

tubercles bearing one short, clubbed bristle each. The fringes on

the posterior margin are irregular cones beset with little tubercles

(fig. 158).

The legs of the male, excepting the last, are incrassate. Praefemur

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 269

and femur with slender, handle-like base, strongly projecting and

rounded above. Coxa and praefemur below and tibia above with one

long bristle. Coxa, praefemur, and femur with falcate bristles ; on the

coxa only a small group, on the praefemur and femur numerous and

dense. On the sternite in the vicinity of the coxae are some sickle-

shaped bristles. Postfemur, tibia and tarsus with spherical bristles.

The spheres sometimes a little conical, indistinctly striated, the

bristles rising from the spheres short. The pubescence of the tibia

and postfemur weak, of the second tarsus dense. The gonopodial

opening regular, ovate, the long axis transverse, not much longer

than the short axis. The posterior border not visibly raised. Gono-

pods (figs. 155-157): the coxae are weakly coalescent and can be

separated with a little pressure. The bases of the telopodites are

contiguous but not coalescent; the basal femoral part is richly

pubescent on the aboral side and passes without a suture into the

long slender tibial part. At the tip of the tibia four branches; on

the oral side one strong spine (a), on the aboral side one shorter spine

(6). The tibial process (7f) is short and broad and divided into the

branch with the seminal duct and several sharp teeth. The fourth

branch is the tarsus, divided into four arms.

Gt. Winterhoek (B. 2233), Cape.

144. Philocaffrus polydesmordes n. sp.

(Pl. VII, figs. 160-167.)

Colour reddish-brown. Width 2-2 mm., length 15 mm.

Resembling in colour and appearance our European Polydesmus

denticulatus. Clypeus densely, vertex sparsely covered with short

hairs. The antennae but little incrassate or clubbed; the papillae

on the fifth and sixth joints in a little group on the surface. The

seventh joint with a little knob beset with short, pointed, partly

curved hairs. Collum as broad as the head, laterally narrowed; the

sides pressed to the body (fig. 164), the surface with several irregular

rows of bristles. The keels (fig. 162) well developed, rising high, the

dorsum nearly horizontal, the surface of the keels bladder-like and

raised. The lateral margin weakly curved, with 3-4 bristle-bearing

notches. The posterior angle pointed and overlapping the posterior

margin from the fourth or fifth segment, the length of the tooth in-

creasing as the segments are followed backwards. The pores open on

the dorsal surface close to the lateral margin. Metasomites with

three rows of very low tubercles each bearing one bristle. These

270 Annals of the South African Museum.

bristles and the lateral bristles are clubbed and beset on the club with

very fine hairs (fig. 165). The marginal fringes of the posterior margin

(fig. 165) are broad, the sides finely serrulate ; in the middle of each

fringe a series of 2-4 small knobs. Sternites quadrate, with deep

transverse impression, pubescent ; all sternites without processes.

$ with first and second pairs of legs densely bristled; coxa and

praefemur below, tibia above, with one very long bristle. From the

third pair the praefemur and femur are densely covered on the ventral

surface with short, curved, falciform bristles (figs. 163, 167), the post-

femur, tibia and tarsus with spherical bristles (fig. 166). The prae-

femur and femur are strongly protuberant on the upper side, the base

abruptly narrowed. The gonopodial opening very large, nearly

circular, the plate before the opening very narrow. Gonopods

(figs. 160, 161): the coxae without peculiarities; the base of the

telopodite moderately swollen and hairy, gradually tapering to the

point of bifurcation into the tibial process (Zf), with one little lateral

lobe, and the tarsus (7a) a rounded curved plate.

Caledon (14661), Cape.

145. Philocaffrus bifalcatus n. sp.

(Pl. VII, figs. 168-172; Pl. VIII, figs. 173, 174.)

Colour earthy-brown. Width 2 mm., length 16 mm.

Antennae moderately clubbed. The collum elliptical, the sides

slightly raised. The keels well developed, rising strongly, the dorsum —

in the middle slightly elevated above the surface of the keels. Lateral

margin of the keels convex, bordered by a very fine ridge with 3-4

weak notches, each bearing one bristle. The bristles are present only

on the collum and anal segment and in a few notches of the sides.

The posterior angle of the keels of the 2nd—4th segments rounded.

From the fifth the angle becomes more and more pointed. The

surface of the keel is occupied by a swelling. The dorsum of the

metasomites, except the first and last segments, with one transverse

furrow; the surface behind the furrow with two curved striae, but

without rows of tubercles. The dorsal bristles are slender and

pointed. The pores open close to the fine lateral edge ; on the median

side of the pore one short ridge. Sternites narrow, longer than wide,

deeply impressed transversely, all without processes.

The legs of the ¢ are incrassate, except the last two pairs; the

first and second pairs with some falciform bristles on the praefemur

and femur ; without spherical bristles. From the third pair the prae-

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 271

femur and femur are swollen above, and densely beset with short, blunt,

falciform bristles below. The postfemur, tibia and the tarsus are beset

below with spherical bristles (figs. 169, 170). The spheres are large and

weakly striated; the bristles rising from them are short. The spherical

bristles of the posterior legs are somewhat different, the sphere and the

bristle being further apart (fig. 174). The long axis of the gonopodial

opening is longitudinal. Gonopods (fig. 173): the telopodite is long

and very slender, little swollen at the base, with scattered pubescence

up to the ramification. The tibial process is small, curved, the tarsus

larger, curved, and simple. One minute tooth near the base of the

tarsus.

Table Mt. (B. 2228), Cape.

Gen. HARPETHRIX nov.

Twenty segments. Pores on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19.

The general appearance of a Polydesmus : the dorsum flat, with rows

of tubercles. The keels well developed, angular and rising high.

The legs of the $ without cones or spheres, only hairy. The gonopods

much like the gonopods of Gnomeskelus : the coxae short, lying close

together. The telopodite straight, the femorite hairy, the tibio-tarsus

long and slender, divided into several arms at the tip. The opening

for the gonopods very large, circular. The gonopods so much resemble

those of Gnomeskelus (e.g. puteinus) that I put Harpethriz with the

Sphaerotrichopidae in spite of the absence of the spheres and cones

on the male legs.

146. Harpethrix plana n. sp.

(Pl. XXI, figs. 507-512.)

The head densely covered with short hairs. The antennae long,

club-like. The collum broader than the head, the anterior and lateral

margin forming a semicircle, the posterior margin straight; along

the anterior and posterior margin a row of bristles, and on the surface

three rows. The lateral expansions or keels rising high on the sides,

the dorsum therefore flat. The keels are angular, the anterior margin

transverse, the lateral margin weakly convex, the posterior angle

forming a right angle on the anterior segments and becoming more

and more tooth-like on the later ones. The pores very small, near the

posterior angle on the upper side. Metasomite with three cross-rows

of tubercles, four in the first and second rows, six in the third row.

The posterior margin of the metasomite beset with simple, pointed

fringes (fig. 511). The sternites and the legs without peculiarities.

272 Annals of the South African Museum.

The legs (fig. 509) beset with adpressed short bristles; on the dorsal

side the bristles are sickle-like. The opening for the gonopods very

large, circular (fig. 508). The coxae of the gonopods (fig. 512) short

and broad, close together, laterally more prominent than medially.

The telopodite inserted on the tip of the coxa, not in an angle on the

inner side. The base of the telopodite, the femorite, rounded and ~

hairy. The following part suddenly narrowed, but not marked off

by a suture. This tibio-tarsus very long and slender, the tip divided

into three arms, namely, two triangular lobes, and between them the

slender arm bearing the seminal canal. The tibio-tarsus is beset with

numerous little pointed cones (fig. 507). :

Witte River (5330), Wellington, Cape.

Gen. STENAUCHENIA Att.

1901. Attems, Neue Polyd. Hamb. Mus., Mitt. Nat. Hist. Mus.,

Xvill, p. 95.

147. Stenauchenia braunsi Att.

1915 Loe. cit., p. 96.

Port Elizabeth, Cape.

The systematic position of this genus is very doubtful, because only

a female is known, and we must hope that the male will be found in

order to determine its position.

[Polydesmus (Icosidesmus) humberti, Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh.,

1872, Nr. 5, p. 11, from Caffraria, is not recognisable, the descrip-

tion not being accompanied by illustrations. |

Fam. GOMPHODESMIDAE.

1895. Cook, Ann. N. York Acad. Sci., 1x, p. 4.

1895. Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xviu, p. 82.

1899. Cook, Ibzd., xxi, p. 678.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 278.

1915. Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxxiv, p. 565.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool, iv, p. 149.

The coxae of the gonopods weakly united. The telopodite inserted

at the tip of the coxae, the latter not forming any large prominence

on the lateral side; the telopodite consisting of one piece, the parts

not separated by sutures, etc. ; no angular break between the femoral

and tibial part; the telopodite generally (in all Gomphodesminae)

very long, strongly curved, no distinct tarsal portion visible. Below

the terminal claw of the male legs generally one soft process (wanting

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 273

in Antiphonus and ? Harmodesmus). Pores present are on segments

5, 7, 9-19 (all genera of Gomphodesminae), or 5, 7, 9, 10, 12-19; or

5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18, 15-19; or 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19. Terminal joint

of the antennae generally with four, sometimes with ten olfactory

cones. Posterior sternites (15 or 16) sometimes with processes.

Caudal process conical. Twenty segments. Genera of large or

medium size.

This family was divided by Cook into two subfamilies; only the

Gomphodesminae are represented in South Africa.

Key to the Genera of Gomphodesminae.

la. Last joint of the antennae with 10 olfactory cones : saenuoe

2a. Coxa of second leg of 2 with a ventral, cylindrical, dency Bette” process,

projecting beyond the praefemur_ . : j : Merodesmus Ck.

2b. Coxa of second leg of 2 without such process : 3.

3a. Sternite of segment 15 of the g without a process, the pokonodial talonedites

lying in a cavity of the ventral side of the seventh segment

Sphenodesmus Ck.

3b. Sternite of segment 15 of the g with a triangular process. The gonopodial

telopodites not sunk ina cavity . é . a 4s

4a. On the medial side of the node of the gonopodial tibia ia tee slender spines.

Lateral lobes of the collum smaller than the lobes of the second segment

Sigodesmus Ck.

4b. On the medial side of the node no spine. Lateral lobes of the collum as large

as, or larger than, the lobes of the second segment . Astrodesmus Ck.

16. Last antennal joint with 4 olfactory cones . i A heat:

5a. Telopodite of the gonopod without any lateral branch, forming a simple spiral.

Anterior legs without distinct claw pads . : . Antiphonus Attems.

5b. The gonopodial telopodite bears behind the first strong curvature one or more

spines or lobes, and the tip is bifurcate . : 6.

6a. Tarsus without claw pads. On the tip of the first piraiett bristled part of the

gonopodial telopodite a lateral branch. Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9,

10, 12-19 . 9 : . Schizogomphodesmus Brol.

6b. Anterior legs with a claw pad: The lateral branch of the gonopodial telopodite

rising distally from the first curve. Pores present on segments 5, 7,9-19 7.

7a. The tibio-tarsal part of the gonopodial telopodite short, nearly straight (not

twisted or strongly curved) . : ; : Se

8a. Sternite 16 with a conical process between the postebion legs

Tycodesmus Cook.

8b. Sternite 16 without processes’ . A . Mychodesmus Cook.

7b. The tibio-tarsal part long, S-shaped or ay Rene a spiral é . 5. Ys:

9a. Sternite 15 with a conical process from the anterior edge Aulodesmus Cook.

96. Sternite 15 without a process . 10.

10a. The distal part of the gonopodial talgmocstes after the: first curve, aan a

strong plate-shaped enlargement, with only one or two strong spines ; the

gonopod describing one or more complete circles : Ulodesmus Cook.

VOL. XXVI. 18

274 Annals of the South African Museum.

106. The gonopodial telopodite strongly enlarged in the tibial part, with one or more

spines; the tip shorter and weakly curved or, if longer, S-shaped (not

describing a circle) : : ee ile

lla. The distal part .£ the gonopod fone Prone resutred interval and expanded

and hollowed out . : : Neodesmus Cook.

116. The distal part of the gonopod orterl not bent Tnierally and not hollowed out

like a spoon . : : : : : é . Gomphodesmus Cook.

Gen. ANTIPHONUS Attems.

1901. Attems, Neue Polyd. Hamb. Mus., Mitt. Nat. Hist. Mus., xviii,

p. 101.

Twenty segments. Pores present on segments 5, 7, 9-19. Telo-

podite of the gonopods very long, forming a spiral without any lateral

teeth or lobe. Anterior male legs without pads under the terminal

claw or with rudimentary pad. Sternite six with one or two pro-

cesses between the anterior legs. The remaining sternites without

processes or transverse ridges. The keels small, especially in the

posterior part of the body; the anal segment completely visible, the

keels of the nineteenth segment being very small. Collum as wide

as the second segment. Antennae with four olfactory cones. Labrum

densely bristled.

Key to the Species of Antiphonus.

la. Sternite 6 with one triangular process between the anterior legs (the pore-

bearing keels conical as seen from above ; the pore opening on the tip of the

cone, directed laterally) . : : ; 5 - conatus n. sp.

1b. Sternite 6 with two processes between the Beton legs . : jee

2a. All the pore-bearing keels are nearly as long as the metasomite ana the pore is

located in the middle of this callosity. The posterior end of the keel,

especially on the posterior segment, is pointed. The gonopodial telopodite

describes one spire with an enlargement in the middle. The processes

of the sixth sternum are broad, rounded lamellae . . circulus n. sp.

2b. The pore-beating keels are reduced to little rounded warts near the posterior

end, with the pore and a small ridge in front. The gonopodial telopodite

describes a complete spiral with 24 spires, in the middle no enlargement.

The processes of the sixth sternum are conical . . diploconus Attems.

148. Antiphonus conatus n. sp.

(Pl. VIII, figs. 175-179.)

Colour (now) dirty yellowish-brown. Width: metasomite 3 mm.,

prosomite 2-5 mm.

Antennae slender. Clypeus anteriorly densely covered with hairs,

the remainder of the head-plate hairless. Collum nearly as wide as

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 275

the following segment, the sides broadly callous, the anterior and

posterior margins finely bordered. The keels of the pore-bearing

segments are horizontal blunt cones (fig. 177). The pore opens on

top of the cone, which is somewhat callous.. The upper surface of

the keel is roughly wrinkled. The keels of the poreless segments

(2-4, 6, 8) are longer seen from above, not conical, with a lateral

callosity (fig. 179). Transverse suture weakly striated longitudinally.

Pleural keel visible up to the seventeenth segment. Caudal process

tapering and broadly truncate. The bristles are located in little

pits, not on warts. Anal scale arched, two tubercles next to the

point. The nineteenth segment very short, the keels represented by

small, low tubercles. Sternite six with one triangular hairy process

between the anterior legs. The posterior sternites without processes

and transverse edges. The posterior border beset with a row of long

bristles.

The anterior legs have no pads beneath the claw; the latter is of

normal size. Gonopods: the gonopodial opening (fig. 178) pointed

at the sides; the lateral borders raised, the anterior and posterior

borders not ; the plate behind the opening narrow and beset with one

row of long bristles; the anterior plate much broader. The coxae of

the gonopods (figs. 175, 176) are loosely united. The base of the

telopodite is swollen; the hairs are very long and thin; it passes

without band or suture into the terminal part; the latter forms in

its middle part a complete spiral; the tip is finely dentate.

Pacaltsdorp, George Div.; Caledon (7532), Cape.

149. Antiphonus circulus n. sp.

(Pl. VIII, figs. 180-185.)

Colour dirty yellow. Width of metasomites 5 mm., prosomite

3-7 mm.

Anterior part of the clypeus densely, the rest of the clypeus sparsely

covered with hairs. Vertex nearly hairless. Collum nearly as wide

as the second segment, the sides with the same thick callosity as in

the following segments; passing gradually into the fine border of

the anterior and posterior margin, the anterior border extending

further upwards than the posterior. Dorsum strongly arched, the

keels rising at the middle of the sides (fig. 185) ; the posterior end of

the keel, from the fifth segment, like a short tooth scarcely passing

the posterior margin; on segments 16, 17, 18 the tooth is larger.

The pore is located in the middle of the lateral callosity, directed

276 Annals of the South African Museum.

obliquely upwards and outwards (fig. 185). The dorsal surface of the

metasomites and the sides beneath the keel slightly wrinkled like

leather ; prosomites smooth ; transverse suture sharp, smooth. The

nineteenth segment very short. Caudal process short, tapering,

straight, transversely truncate, beset with long bristles resting on

little tubercles. Anal scale arched, with two low, rounded tubercles.

Valves with raised margin and two long bristles based on little

tubercles beside the margin. Sternite five densely bristly but without

process. Sternite six with two thick transverse plates, beset with

long bristles, separated by a deep notch (fig. 185). The posterior

sternite broad, with three rows of long bristles, but without transverse

ridges or processes. The male genital process on the second coxa

bluntly conical, reaching beyond the distal margin of the coxa (fig.

186). The anterior male legs have traces of a rudimentary claw pad ;

the claw well developed (fig. 180). Gonopods (figs. 182, 183): the

ventral surface of the sixth and seventh segments is not modified

for the reception of the long gonopods. The coxae are united by a

membrane; the base of the telopodite is swollen; the hairs are very

long and thin. The telopodite describes a complete circle, in the

middle of the circle a little lamellar enlargement.

Port St. Johns (13489), Cape.

150. Antiphonus diploconus Attems.

1901. Attems, Neue Polyd. Hamb. Mus., Mitt. Nat. Hist. Mus., xviii,

p. 101, pl. in, figs. 34, 35.

The lateral margin of keels 7-19 1s narrowly bordered; only the

neighbourhood of the pore, located at the side of the posterior end, is

swollen; this little callosity is completely rounded posteriorly.

The pore is directed outwards. In A. circulus the callosity is as long

as the whole metasomite, the pore opens in the middle and is turned

obliquely upwards. The posterior end of the keel is sharp.

Port Elizabeth, Cape (Dr. H. Brauns).

Gen. AULODESMUS Cook.

1895. Aulodesmus Cook, East Afr. Pol., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xviii,

p- 83.

1899. Aulodesmus Cook, The Fam. Gomph., ibid., xxi, p. 713.

1898. Omodesmus Cook, Brandtia, xvi.

1899. Omodesmus Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 700.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 277

1898. Tymbodesmus Cook, Brandtia, xvi.

1899. Tymbodesmus Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 707.

The differences between Aulodesmus, Omodesmus, and Tymbodesmus

are so insignificant that I prefer to take the latter as synonyms of

Aulodesmus. Cook published in 1899 a long diagnosis of this genus.

The principal characters are the following :—

Four olfactory cones. Sternite 15 with a conical process between

the anterior legs. Sternite 16 without a process. Sternite 6 with a

process between the anterior legs. Posterior sternites with a trans-

verse, medially interrupted ridge between the bases of each pair of

legs. Anterior legs of the male with an apical claw pad, wanting

sometimes on the sixth pair. Pores on segments 5, 7, 9-19.

Telopodite of the gonopods very long and strongly curved ; in the

distal part after the first curvature it is enlarged and beset with

strong spines.

Key to the Species of Aulodesmus.

la. The gonopodial telopodite bears a sack-shaped prominence in the second

curvature near the tip. ; : 4 6 . flavosignatus.

1b. Gonopodial telopodite without this as : é 6 5

2a. The lateral keels nearly horizontal, not following the slope of ihe dorsum. 3.

3a. The enlargement of the gonopodial telopodite after the first curvature has

one long, pointed cone in the proximal corner of the side turned to the base

of the telopodite. The distal process of the enlarged plate is thick and

blunt. The lateral spine is nearly as large as the median spine of the outer

side (fig. 210) : . oxygonus Pet.

3b. The enlargement of the aonorpdial ielopadite ne io little cones in the

proximal corner, the distal process is divided at several points. The lateral

external spine is much smaller than the median spine (fig. 206)

peringueyt n. sp.

2b. The lateral keels follow the slope of the dorsum, their surface declivous . 4.

4a. Collum wider than the second segment : é ‘ . laticollis n. sp.

4b. Collum as wide as or less than the second segment : 5! Nae

5a. The gonopodial telopodite describes one complete circle in ine alistal part.

Sixth pair of legs in ¢ without claw pads . : : mossambicus Pet.

5b. The gonopodial telopodite is S-shaped, not forming a complete circle. Sixth

pair of legs in g with claw pads $ : ; : mmiGs

6a. Sternal process of fifteenth segment with a furrow ; omar eenele declivous.

Width 9-8 mm. The pores directed obliquely upwards . figlinus Cook.

6b. Sternal process of fifteenth segment not furrowed. The keels a little raised.

Width 7mm. The pores directed outwards, the lateral margin of the keel

notched by the pore cavity . 4 : : : falcatus Karsch.

278 Annals of the South African Museum.

151. Aulodesmus laticollis n. sp.

(Pl. TX, figs. 211-215.}

Colour dirty yellow and brown. Width: metasomite 11-6 mm.,

prosomite 7-5 mm.

Clypeus with one anterior row of bristles. A small strip of the

labrum is bristly. Vertex hairless. Collum broader than the second

segment ; its sides narrowed, with a broad, well-defined callosity and

passing into the fine border of the anterior and posterior margins.

The keels rise strongly at the sides and continue the moderate slope

of the dorsum. The lateral callosity is broad ; from the middle of the

body the posterior end is pointed, reaching beyond the posterior

margin. The keel of the nineteenth segment is a short but distinct

little tooth overlapped by the keel of the eighteenth segment. The

pores open in the middle of the callosity, directed obliquely upwards.

The bristles of the tapering, transversely truncate caudal process do

not rest on tubercles. The tubercles of the anal scale are surpassed

by the middle poimt. Margin of the valve raised; two bristles

beside the margin. Sternite 5 without a process. Sternite 6 with a

long, lamellar, rounded, strongly bristly process between the anterior

legs. Sternite 15 with a triangular process, directed obliquely in a

narrow groove of the fourteenth segment. Sternite 16 without a

process ; the posterior sternites with transverse ridges, the eighth and

ninth only between the posterior legs, the tenth between the posterior,

and a very short one between the anterior legs. From the eleventh

sternite there are two ridges, one between the anterior and one between

the posterior legs, both interrupted in the middle ; behind the posterior

ridge there are bristles. No pleural keel.

The second to sixth pairs of male legs have a large pad under the

broad, blunt claw. The upper side of the tarsal joint is beset with

strong, blunt papillae. The tubercles on the ventral surface of tibia

and tarsus are more numerous than in A. peringueyi, and are also

present on the postfemur (fig. 215); the praefemur projects ina rounded

protuberance on the dorsal side (fig. 215). The gonopodial opening

is regularly transversely oval, its posterior margin a little raised.

Gonopods (figs. 211, 212, 214): the telopodite is enlarged distally

from the first curvature and bears several processes on this enlarge-

ment: on the median and lateral side one long, pointed spine; on

the side turned to the basal trunk proximally a pointed, and distally

a rounded, process; the latter with a little tooth. The distal part

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 279

of the telopodite describes a complete spiral and is terminated by a

little dentate plate near the slender process with the seminal duct

(fig. 214).

Umtali, 8. Rhodesia (13736).

152. Aulodesmus oxygonus Pet.

1862. Hurydesmus oxygonus Peters, Ergebn. Reise Mozambique,

p. 535, pl. xxxiv, fig. 7.

1895. Aulodesmus oxygonus Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii, p. 89.

1899. EHurydesmus oxygonus Attems, Syst. Pol., Denkschr. Ak. Wiss.

Wien, lxviii, p. 272.

1899. Aulodesmus oxygonus Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 701.

(PL. IX, fig. 210.)

This species, originally recorded from Rios de Sena near the Zambesi,

is represented by a male from Salisbury, Rhodesia (B. 800). I

described it from Zanzibar. The drawings published by Cook do

not show clearly enough the parts of the gonopods distinguishing

this species from the allied species, and I therefore give a drawing of

the same.

153. Aulodesmus peringuey? n. sp.

(Pl. IX, figs. 204-209.)

Colour relatively dark earthy-brown, the keels lighter. Width of

metasomites 8 mm., prosomites 5 mm.

Labrum with two rows of strong bristles. Clypeus with a little

group of bristles on each side, the rest without bristles. Collum as

wide as the second segment, the sides slightly narrowed, rounded,

callous. The keels rise above the middle of the side and do not

follow the slope of the dorsum, but are more or less horizontal. The

lateral margin is occupied by a large, well-defined callosity, passing over

into the narrow border of the anterior margin. The posterior end is

bluntly toothed ; this tooth extends to beyond the posterior margin

from the fifteenth segment backwards. The keels of the eighteenth

segment overlap those of the nineteenth segment a little (fig. 205).

The dorsal surface of the metasomites is distinctly wrinkled, that of the

prosomites less so. The pleural keel beset with pointed warts visible

up to the seventeenth segment. The caudal process tapering and

transversely truncate, the bristles resting on little tubercles. The anal

scale triangular, the point reaching beyond the lateral thick warts.

Anal valves with a thick, raised margin ; the anterior bristle beside the

280 Annals of the South African Museum.

margin, the posterior bristle on the margin. Sternite five without a

process. Sternite six with a long, tongue-shaped, bristly process

directed straight downwards; on the aboral side this process has a

short furrow (fig. 208). Sternite eight with one cone near each posterior

leg. Sternites nine and ten with a ridge interrupted in the middle,

between the posterior legs. From the eleventh sternite two inter-

rupted ridges. On the fifteenth sternite the anterior ridges are

united, forming a median triangular process.

Legs of pairs 2-6 in ¢ with a large claw pad. The claw short and

blunt. The tarsus relatively long, the upper side of the praefemur

swollen. The coxa and praefemur of the anterior legs densely covered

with long hairs ; the posterior legs sparsely hairy on these joints ; the

last joint with strong, pointed bristles on the upper side. Postfemur,

tibia and tarsus with rounded protuberances and little spines. On the

femur the bristles are based on the tubercles, on the postfemur, tibia

and tarsus close beside the tubercles (fig. 209). Gonopodial opening

ovate, the lateral and posterior margin moderately raised. Gonopods

(figs. 204, 206, 207): the enlarged plate distally to the first curvature

bears on its outer side one long and one short spine (s.t.). On the side

turned to the base a proximal lamella with two points (1) —(A. oxygonus

has one strong cone) and a 3-pointed branch (fig. 206). The tip is

bifid, one branch bearing the seminal duct (fig. 204).

Umtali (13727-13729), S. Rhodesia.

154. Aulodesmus mossambicus (Peters).

1862. Eurydesmus mossambicus Peters, Nat. Reise Mozambique, v,

533.

1881. Eurydesmus mossambicus Karsch, Arch. f. Naturg., Bd. 47,

pl. iui, fig. 26.

1899. Eurydesmus mossambicus Attems, Syst. d. Polydesm., ii, p. 273.

1895. Aulodesmus mossambicus Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii, p. 88.

1909. Aulodesmus mossambicus Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi,

TOs) UU).

Mozambique: Cabaceira, Querimba, Tette (Pet.). Quilimane, near

Paguruni (Stuhlmann).

Gen. ULopEsmus Cook.

1898. Cook, Brandtia, xvi.

1899. Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 689.

Four olfactory cones. Sternite 6 with one or two processes

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 281

between the anterior legs. Sternite 15 and 16 without processes.

The posterior sternites without distinct transverse ridges. Legs of

pairs 2-6 or 7 in male with apical pad. Praefemur expanded dorsally.

Pores on segments 5, 7, 9-19. Keels well developed, the sides callous.

The gonopodial telopodite is not enlarged after the first curvature,

but bears only one or two strong spines. The tip is deeply biramous ;

one branch with the seminal duct may be considered as a tibial

process, the second as tarsus. The telopodite describes more than a

circle.

Key to the Species of Ulodesmus.

la. Sternite 6 with two rounded processes. (Tibial process of the gonopod much

longer than the tarsal lobe) .. 6 : micramma Cook.

16. Sternite 6 with one process. (Tibial process ‘of ie aes a little longer, of

equal length with the tarsal lobe, or shorter) . : 2:

2a. Sternite 8 with two hairy cones, one next to each cnterion coxa. the ninetosnth

segment is overlapped by the keels of the eighteenth segment. Collum

appreciably broader than the second segment. (Maryination of anal valves

thick. The oe ane tarsus far surpasses the short tibial process.) Width

7-5 mm. . : . biconus n. sp.

2b. Sternite 8 without processes. The keels oF the iGahteenth segment do not

overlap the nineteenth segment. Collum as wide as the second segment 3.

3a. Margination of anal valves very narrow. Process of sternite 6 with straight

terminal margin. The gonopodial tarsus long and slender, as long as the

tibial process. Width 3-4 mm. 6 : : bispinosus Nn. sp.

3b. Margination of anal valves thick. Process ai sternite 6 notched. The gono-

podial tarsus short and broad, hatchet-shaped, surpassed by the tibial

process. Width 5:5 mm. 5 : d : ‘ . securifer n. sp.

155. Ulodesmus micramma Cook.

1899. Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 690, pl. lvi, fig. 1.

(Pl. VIII, figs. 190-194.)

Colour dirty yellowish-brown. Width 3-3°7 mm.

Collum nearly as wide as the second segment, the sides broadly

rounded and callous, the callosity of the collum and segments 2-4

smaller than on the following segments. Antennae slender, not in-

crassate at the tip. Labrum densely bristled. The anterior margin

of the clypeus with one row of bristles, the rest of the head hairless.

The keels rise steeply at the sides and their surface continues nearly

the slope of the dorsum. ‘The side of the keel convex, occupied by a

large callosity ; the pore opens in the middle of this callosity directed

obliquely upwards and outwards. The posterior end of the callosity

is blunt; as it is also on the last segments (fig. 193). The keels of

282 Annals of the South African Museum.

the eighteenth segment overlap the anterior margin of the nineteenth

segment, but not its posterior margin. Surface of the metasomites

dorsally very slightly wrinkled, the keels a little more wrinkled.

Transverse suture sharply defined. No pleural keel. Anal process

tapering, truncate; anal valves with moderately raised and narrow

margination; near the margin two bristle-bearmg warts. Anal

scale triangular, with two little warts.

Sternite five without a process. Sternite six with two rounded

hairy lamellae separated by a deep notch between the anterior legs

(fig. 192); the posterior sternites without transverse ridges and

without processes ; with a row of strong bristles along the posterior

margin and some scattered bristles over the surface. The praefemur

of the male legs is swollen and prominent on the dorsal side.

Second to seventh pairs of legs with an apical pad, this pad rounded,

not dentiform (fig. 194). Coxa of sixth pair with a little hairy lobe

on the inside. Gonopods (figs. 190, 191): the telopodite describes

more than a complete circle; no nodiform enlargement distally from

the first curve. In the middle of the circle laterally one strong tooth.

The tibial process (7f ) is long, far surpassing the little tarsal lobe (Ta).

The tibial process is enlarged at the middle, with a little tooth. The

tarsus is finely dentate at the tip.

Krantzkop (B. 3391), Natal. Natal, Durban, Maritzburg (Cook).

156. Ulodesmus biconus n. sp.

(Pl. IX, figs. 198-203.)

Colour light yellowish-brown. Width: metasomite 7-5 mm., pro-

somite 5:8 mm.

Labrum with several rows of bristles. Clypeus with one anterior

row of bristles, the rest of it hairless. Collum appreciably broader

than the second segment. The lateral callosity of the collum and

segments 2-4 narrow. Dorsum strongly arched; the keels rise in

the middle of the sides and continue the slope of the dorsum (fig.

202). The dorsal surface of the pro- and meta-somites finely wrinkled

like leather, the metasomites somewhat more so than the keels.

The lateral callosity, smooth and shining, occupies about the posterior

two-thirds of the sides, passing anteriorly into the narrow margination.

Posterior end of the callosity somewhat pointed. The pore is situated

in the middle of the callosity and turned upwards. The nineteenth

segment 1s very small and its lateral teeth are surpassed by the keels

of the eighteenth segment.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 283

Sternite six with a lamellate, truncate, nearly straight, downwardly

directed process between the anterior legs. Sternite eight with a

hairy cone beside the coxa of the anterior legs. The remaining

sternites without processes and without transverse ridges; broad,

weakly hollowed out in the middle, the whole surface hairy. Caudal

process tapering, the bristles not arising from tubercles. Anal scale

triangular ; the lateral bristle-bearing warts small, far exceeded by

the median point. Margination of the anal valves of medium size ;

the posterior bristle-wart on, the anterior wart beside, the margin.

Legs all abundantly bristled, especially the ventral side of praefemur

and coxa and the dorsal side of tarsus. The praefemur projecting on

the dorsal side (fig. 203). Legs of pairs 2-6 with a large cushion

under the pointed claw (fig. 201). The bristles of the dorsum arise

from little knobs. The gonopodial opening transversely ovate, the

lateral parts a little raised. Gonopods (figs. 198, 199, 200): the

telopodite describes two spirals; in the middle of the first there are

two teeth, one lateral and one median. The tip is biramose, the

branches crossing; one branch bearing the seminal duct, the other

a hooked (tarsal) lobe.

Inchanga (B. 3379), Natal. 3.

157. Ulodesmus bispinosus n. sp.

(Pl. VIII, figs. 186-189.)

Colour dirty yellow-brown. Width: metasomite 3-4, prosomite

2:6 mm.

Dorsum strongly arched, the keels continuing the slope (fig. 188) ;

they rise beneath the middle of the sides. The lateral margin straight.

The lateral callosity occupies the posterior two-thirds of the whole

length ; its posterior angle is rounded, even in the last segments. The

pore opens on this callosity, directed obliquely upwards and outwards.

Dorsal surface of the metasomites nearly smooth, very finely wrinkled,

like leather ; the surface of the keels more roughly wrinkled. Eigh-

teenth segment very short, its keels not overlapping the nineteenth

segment. Labrum densely bristled: clypeus with one row of fine

hairs; the rest of the head hairless. Collum as wide as the second

segment, the sides elliptical, callous, the anterior and posterior borders

with narrow margination. The caudal process tapering, truncate, the

bristles set on very small tubercles. The margination of the anal valves

very fine and low; the anal scale triangular, the warts of medium size.

Sternite six with one lamellar, narrowed, densely hairy process with

284 Annals of the South African Museum.

smooth (not notched) terminal margin; the process is directed

obliquely forwards. The fifth and sixteenth sternites without pro-

cesses and all the sternites without transverse ridges or grooves ;

the posterior margin bristly. Praefemur projecting on the dorsal side.

The anterior legs with well-developed claw and a little pad (fig. 189).

Gonopods (figs. 186, 187): the telopodite is long and slender and

describes two spiral curves. In the first circle two strong, straight

teeth. The tip is biramose, both branches being of the same length.

The tibial process has a lateral tooth in the middle, the tarsus is long

and slender and finely dentate at the apex. The hairs of the femoral

part are very long and fine.

Pietermaritzburg (B. 3378), Natal. 3.

158. Ulodesmus securvfer n. sp.

(Pl. VIII, figs. 195-197.)

Colour dirty yellow-brown. Width 5-5 mm.

Labrum densely bristly. Clypeus with one row of hairs, the rest

hairless and very smooth. The sides of the collum elliptical, rounded,

a little callous, as wide as the second segment. The keels rise below

the middle of the sides and are a little raised, not following completely

the slope of the dorsum. The lateral callosity occupies the posterior

two-thirds and passes anteriorly into the fine margination. The

pores are located in the middle of the callosity, directed obliquely

upwards. The posterior end is at right angles to the middle of

the body, then forming a blunt angle. The keels of the eighteenth

segment do not overlap the nineteenth. The dorsal surface of the

metasomite nearly smooth, the wrinkles very slight, like leather.

Sternite 6 with a large, tapering, hairy process, notched in the

middle line, lying between the anterior legs (fig. 195). Sternites 5,

8, and 16 without processes. Posterior sternites with a shallow

transverse impression, hairy. The margination of the anal valves

broad, and moderately high. The anal scale triangular, the bristle-

warts small. Gonopods (figs. 196, 197): the hairs of the femur very

long. The distal part of the telopodite makes more than one com-

plete circle. In the middle of the first circle two teeth, one large one

on the median and a small one on the lateral side. The tip is triramose,

the longest branch the tibial process bearing the seminal duct; it

bears a little finely striated and dentate lobe. The strong hatchet-like

lobe is probably the tarsus.

Port Shepstone (2422), Natal. 3.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 285

Gen. NEoDESMUS Cook.

1898. Cook, Brandtia, xvi.

1899. Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 694.

The gonopods of this genus are distinguished by a spoon-shaped

excavation on the distal part.

159. Neodesmus caffrarius (Porat).

1872. Eurydesmus caffrarius Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., Nr. 5,

pa l3:

1899. Hurydesmus caffrarivus Attems, Syst. d. Polydesm., ii, p. 270.

1895. Sphenodesmus caffrarius Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xviii,

p. 93. :

1899. Neodesmus caffrarius Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 696.

Caffraria.

160. Neodesmus juvenis Cook.

1899. Cook, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 695.

1862. Hurydesmus mossambicus juv. Peters, Reise Mossamb., v

p. 533.

Mozambique: Cabaceira, Rios de Sena, Querimba, Tette.

’

Fam. VANHOEFFENIIDAE Att.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 158.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 139.

Gen. VANHOEFFENIA Att.

1907. Attems, Deutsche Siidpolar Exp., p. 426.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 168.

161. Vanhoeffenia nodulosa Att.

1907. Attems, Deutsche Siidpolar Exp., p. 427.

Simonstown, Cape.

OrpveR JULIFORMIA.

1872. Julides, Saussure et Humbert, Miss. Scientif. Mexique, p. 61.

1881. Juliden, Karsch, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., (3), vi, p. 1.

1884. Fam. Julidae Latzel, Myr. dst. Ung. Mon., i, p. 238.

286 Annals of the South African Museum.

1887. Fam. Julidae Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), xx, p. 294.

1893. Fam. Julidae Bollmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 46, p. 155.

1895. Order Diplochaeta ex parte Cook, Ann. N. York Ac. Sci.,

1X, p. 6.

1896. Suborder Juloidea Silvestri, I Diplopodi, p. 49.

1898. Suborder Juloidea Attems, Syst. d. Polydesm., i, p. 228.

1900. Suborder Opisthospermophora Verhoeft, Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr.,

x., Zool. Jahrb., xii, p. 54.

1910. Suborder Opisthospermophora Verhoef, Nova Acta, xcii, p. 211.

1910. Order Opisthospermophora Verhoef, Diplop. Deutschl., p. 27.

19138. Order Opisthospermophora Verhoef, Zool. Anz., xliu, p. 56.

1914. Super-order Julidea Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 286.

1926. Order Juliformia Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

Ivp pa LOS:

No spinning glands and thus no spinning styles. Gnathochilarium

with undivided or longitudinally divided praebasilare. Promentum

separated or mentum undivided. The sternites of the abdomen are

coalesced with the tergites in the great majority of species (only in

some Julidae sens. strict. are they free). The anterior sternite of each

somite is larger and participates in the formation of the inserted

evlinder. The sternites are sliding plates (“ Gleitplatten-sternite,”

Verhoefi). If the sternites are not coalesced with the tergites they

coalesce with one another. Tracheal trunks not forked, most of

the tracheae rising from the end of the trunk. Pores in an interrupted

row from the fifth or sixth segment. Nocoxal pouches. The cheeks

(pleurites of the head) 2-jointed, the anterior joint often with a lobe in

the 3. The roughened plate (“ Reibplatte,” Verhoeff) of the mandible

without file (‘‘ Reibfeile,” Verhoeff). Ridges (“ Reibleisten,”’ Ver-

hoeff) and saw (“ Reibplattensige,’ Verhoeff) sometimes present.

Median area of the epipharynx without longitudinal thickening and

without teeth and warts. Collum without condyle. Penis behind the

second pair of legs.

The gonopods are sunk in a membranous pouch and can be pro-

truded together with this pouch; the sternites, if present, free (not

coalescent with the tergite). The ventral pieces of the tergite are tree

or are coalesced more or less behind the sinus of the gonopods; the

sinus of the gonopods is never closed in front. The first pair of

appendages of the seventh somite of the 3 modified as gonopods.

The second pair also modified or sometimes wanting altogether, never

an unmodified pair of legs. More than 40 segments; the number

varies within a single species.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 287

Verhoeff has instituted (1900) the name Opisthospermophora for the

Julidae, and perhaps also the Spirobolidae and Spirostreptidae, with

the following diagnosis: “‘ Immer mit vorderen und hinteren Gono-

poden, die vorderen stets ohne Spermacanal, ein solcher aber immer

in mehr oder weniger starker Entwicklung in den hinteren Gonopoden,

ete. ” Nothing of all this is true for the group as understood

to-day. In later papers Verhoeff changed the diagnosis of his “Opis-

thespermophora,”’ but he tries to maintain the opisthospermy in one

of the last papers on this subject. I am curious to know how Ver-

hoeff will prove the opisthospermous classification of forms possessing

no posterior gonopods at all.

Synopsis of the Suborders of Juliformia.

la. The stipites gnathochilarii touch one another in their basal part, thus separating

the mentum and promentum . ; rae : . Juloidea.

1b. The stipites are widely separated by the mentum or pronoun Promentum

if present always in contact with the mentum . : : 9 eb

2a. The mentum is not divided (duplomentum, Verhoeff) and Separates the stipites

and the praebasilare widely. No cardines. Last joint of legs of the ¢

generally padded, the fourth and fifth joints never padded . Spiroboloidea,

2b. The mentum entire (duplomentum) or divided (mentum-+promentum), sur-

rounded at the sides by the stipites, which are in contact with the prae-

basilare. Cardines present. The last joint of the legs never padded, the

fourth and fifth joints often padded . : . Spirostreptomorpha: 3.

3a. The promentum or the anterior part of the undivided mentum separates the

lamellae linguales. First pair of male legs modified

2. Subsuborder Cambaloideae.

3b. The lamellae linguales are contiguous along the greater part of their medial

margins; the anterior angle of the undivided mentum only enters a little

way between the bases of the lamellae linguales. First pair of male legs

not modified . : : : : . 1. Subsuborder Spirostreptoideae.

SusporDER JULOIDEA Meinert.

1868. Julidae Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr., (3), v, p. 6.

1894. Julidae Pocock, J. Linn. Soc., xxiv, p. 480.

1896. Julidae Silvestri, I Diplop., p. 59.

1896. Zygochaeta Cook, Brandtia, ui, p. 8.

1903. Juloidea Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 53.

1904. Zygochaeta Cook, Alaska, pp. 51, 69.

1903. Zygochaeta Silvestri, Diplop. Anat., p. 23.

1910. Symphyognatha Verhoefi, Nova Acta, xcil, p. 211.

1910. Symphyognatha Verhoeft, Diplop. Deutschl., p. 28.

1914. Juloidea Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 286.

1926. Juloidea Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 182.

288 Annals of the South African Museum.

The gnathochilarium is distinguished from the gnathochilarium

of all the rest of the Juliformia by the fact that the stipites meet at

their basal parts; separating the mentum and promentum. Between

the junction of the stipites and the hypostoma two bridge-plates are

present. Contiguous with the hypostoma is the praebasilare and in

front of this the mentum. Both pairs of legs of the seventh somite

are modified into gonopods. The first or anterior gonopod is generally

simple and protects the second or posterior gonopod; rarely one

rudimentary second joint is present in the anterior gonopod. The

posterior gonopod is more complicated ; the prostate gland opens in

its base. The posterior gonopod has often a large coxal process,

the mesomerite, or it is simple and the mesomerite is not distinguish-

able. The penultimate and antepenultimate joints of the male legs

are often padded; the last joint never. Apophyses may be present

on certain joints of the legs. First pair of legs of the 3 nearly always

transformed into a pair of little hooks or knobs. Transverse suture

distinct. Metasomites generally longitudinally striated, as is also the

dorsum.

Verhoefi has tried to put a new interpretation on the parts of the

gnathochilarium; he thinks that the stipites in their posterior half

and junction (not coalescence) are not stipites, but mento-stipites, 7.e.

that the mentum is divided into two halves and each half is fused

with one stipite. The plate behind the “ mento-stipites,’ between

these and the hypostoma, hitherto interpreted as mentum, would

in that case have to receive a new name. Verhoeff believes that this

plate is a new mouth-part found only in the Juloidea and wanting in

the remaining orders, and he calls it intermentum. I cannot agree

with this interpretation, as it makes, so it seems to me, the difficulties

not less but greater.

Fam. JULIDAE Verhoeft.

1911. Verhoeff, Uber. Diplop., 49, Zool. Anz., xxxviii, p. 536.

1914. Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 287.

1896. Deuteroiulinae Verhoeff, Diplop. Rheinpreuss., p. 210.

1899. Deuterovulinae Verhoefi, Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr., ix, Arch.

Naturg., p. 214.

1909. Deuterovulinae Verhoeff, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 475.

1909. Deuteroiulinae Attems, Myr. Vega Exped. Ark. Zool., v, p. 34.

1910. Deuteroiulinae Verhoefi, Nova Acta, xlu, p. 180.

1926. Julidae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 186.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 289

The Julidae are divided into six tribes; only one of them, the

Archiulini, is represented in South Africa by one imported species.

Key to the Tribes of Julidae.

la. Anterior gonopod with flagellum — .. : 1. Julini. 2. Brachyiulini.

16. Anterior gonopod without flagellum . ; 3 : 5 . 5 We

2a, Posterior gonopod without any coxal process. 5 . 3. Pteridoiulini.

26. Posterior gonopod with a coxal process : 0 . > Bb

3a. The posterior gonopod with short coxa and a very isis end thick coxal

process, much larger than the small telopodite : 4, Paectophyllini.

36. The coxal process of the posterior gonopod not larger than the telopodite,

times small . : sO

4a. The coxal process of ihe H ogteitt eeropod partially Gealossent with the

telopodite, its free part short, not lying close to the anterior gonopod. A

paracoxite always wanting . : 5. Pachyvulini.

4b. The coxal process of the posterior poronod! Taree, completely separated from

the telopodite and lying close to the anterior gonopod; a paracoxite

generally present . ‘ : : ; : : . 6. Archiulini.

Tribe ARCHIULINI.

1909. Schizophyllint Verhoefi, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 477.

1910. Schizophyllini Verhoeft, Uber Diplop., 12, Nova Acta, xlii, p. 182.

Key to the Genera of Archiulini.

la. Ocelli flat, indistinctly bounded. Prosomites smooth, not sulcate. Fovea of

posterior gonopods wanting or indicated by a little groove. Small pale-

coloured species. ‘ ‘ Leptophyllum Verhoeft.

1b. Ocelli convex, with clear boundaries Prosomites with one transverse furrow

or with little oblique or anastomosing striae ; fovea of the posterior gonopods

distinct. Medium to large dark-coloured forms : ; ge

2a. Free part of the prosomite with at least one transverse fensisanre Penis bifid,

without median lobe between the points. Fovea shallow. Anal segment

and a number of segments in front of it densely hairy

Tachypodiulus Verhoeft.

2b. Prosomites with oblique, irregular striae. Penis with median rounded lobe

between the two points. Fovea large, bottle-shaped. Only the anal

segment hairy j : : : : ¢ 6 . Archiulus Berl.

Gen. ArcutuLus Berl.

1886. Archiulus Berl., Julidi del Museo di Firenze, pp. 28, 44.

1894. Palaeowlus Verhoefi, Beitr. Anat. Syst. Julid., Verh. Zool.

Bot. Ges., xliv, p. 150.

1895. Schizophyllum Verhoeff, Aphorismen, etc., Zool. Anz., p. 478.

VOL. XXVI. 19

290 Annals of the South African Museum.

1910. Schizophyllum Verhoeft, Uber Diplop., 12, Nova Acta, xlii, p.185.

1927. Archiulus Attems, Abh. Senckenb. Ges., xxxix, p. 274.

This genus was divided by Verhoeff into five subgenera; a key to

these was given by the author in the last-mentioned paper, p. 194.

In South Africa is found A. morleti, a species belonging to the

subgenus Hemipodiulus characterised as follows :—

Subgen. Hemipopiutus Verhoeff.

1892. Julus subgen. Hemipodiulus Verhoefi, Neue Diplop. Pal.

Reg., Zool. Anz., Nr. 403, p. 4.

1894. Palaecowlus subgen. Mesovwulus Verhoeff, Beitr. Anat. Syst.

Jul., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges., xliv, p. 153.

1910. Schizophyllum subgen. Hemipodiulus Verhoefi, Nova Acta,

xi, pp lei, LIS:

Horn-arm of the posterior gonopod tribrachiate; process of the

channel-arm shorter than the arm. Mesomerite long, slender,

narrowed in the middle, then enlarged and terminated by a long

horn. The seminal duct ends at the tip of a long slender process.

Key to the Species of Hemipodiulus Verhoeft.

la. Anterior gonopod with two teeth at the end. The lateral lobe of the solaeno-

merite gradually tapering, and the tip, beset with little spines, is close to

the opening of the seminal duct : 4 : 3 bi a

2a. The lateral tooth on the tip of the anterior gonloned very rnatlh scarcely visible.

Mesomerite with four teeth (the main branch with three teeth). The para-

coxite with two or three lateral teeth proximal from the three-toothed tip.

The internal ridge of the anterior gonopod much shorter than the telopodite

lienharti Brol. (=<involutum Verh.).

2b. The lateral tooth of the anterior gonopod well developed. Mesomerite with

three teeth (the main branch bipartite). The paracoxite with one lateral

tooth . . c soe

3a. The medial tooth on ite ie of the anterior poured cued is a horn, the

internal ridge nearly as long as the telopodite _.. 2 . _ fissus Verh.

3b. The medial tooth of the anterior gonopod longer and directed straight out

distally. The internal ridge much shorter than the telopodite bipartitus Verh.

1b. The tip of the anterior gonopod broadly rounded ; on the aboral surface one

little horn or two weak knobs. The lateral lobe of the solaenomerite broad,

its tip distant from the tip of the channel-arm . : By a!) bi

4a. On the aboral side of the anterior gonopod one slender horn, or, seen in profile,

a hook; horn-arm of the posterior gonopod with three branches equally

divergent : , ; . moreleti Luc.

4b. On the aboral side of the anterior sonbped ‘we wrens knobs. One of the

branches of the horn-arm is directed downwards and is distant from the two

distal branches opposite one another 5 5 : cervinus Verhoeff.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 291

162. Archiulus (Hemipodiulus) moreleti Luc.

1860. Julus moreleti Lucas, Arthur Morelet, Not. s. L’hist. Nat.

des Azores, p. 96. ;

1870. Julus morelett Porat, N. Myr. fr. Azorerna, Ofvers. Vet. Ak.

Forh., xvii, p. 820, pl. i1, figs. 9, 10.

1892. Julus (Hemipodiulus) karschi Verhoeff, Zool. Anz., Nr. 403,

p- 380.

1883. Julus moreleti Porat, Myr. Kamerun, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl.,

XX, P00:

1894. Palaeoiulus (Mesowlus) karschi Verhoefi, Beitr. Anat. Syst.

Jul., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges., xliv, p. 157, pl. vi, figs. 16-21.

1895. Julus karscht Latzel, Beitr. z. K. Myr. Fauna v. Madeira, p. 6.

1896. Schizophyllum (Hemipodiulus) morelett Brolemann, Boll. Soc.

Zool. France, p. 200. ;

(Pl. XVIII, figs. 427-432.)

Colour black. The legs are said to be rose-coloured or violet-blue

(in specimens that have been a long time in alcohol this colour is not

distinct). Width of ¢ 2:3-3-3; 2 3-8-4-2. Number of somites of

3 47 (according to my observation) ; 45-51 (authors).

Head-plate smooth, very shiny. Five or more supralabral pits.

No bristles on the vertex. The cheeks of the ¢ with broad, rounded

lobes. Prosomites covered with fine, irregular, oblique or anastomos-

ing striae. Metasomites strongly striated; between the complete

striae there are sometimes abbreviated striae, beginning on the suture

as well as on the posterior margin. The pore opens somewhat behind

the line of the suture, which is bent forwards in front of the pore. The

whole trunk hairless. Tail long, slender, the point a little bent

upwards, beset with hairs. Anal valves with raised margins. In the

3S the marginal thickening is furrowed, in the @ it is rounded and

smooth; next to the marginal thickening a distinct groove. The

margin and the median part of the valves beset with dense, short

hairs. Anal scale pointed, the point not visibly projecting. Sternite

smooth. Fourth and fifth joints of the legs padded from the second

pair to the last. First pair of legs of the ¢ consisting of broad, large

coxae and 4-jointed telopodites forming a little hook. The suture

between the terminal (fourth) joint and the preceding (third) joint

indistinct (fig. 452).

Gonopods (figs. 427-431): the anterior gonopod is broadly rounded

on the aboral side; near the margin one little horn (fig. 429 c),

292 Annals of the South African Museum.

appearing in profile as a pointed hook (fig. 428 c); on the basal

half one thick, blunt lobe (fig. 429). The posterior gonopods are

divided into three large branches: the mesomerite (Verhoeff), the

solaenomerite (Verhoeft), and the horn-arm, as I call the “ coxite ”

of Verhoeff, because I interpret the parts differently from him. He

says that the mesomerite and the solaenomerite constitute together

the telopodite, and the third arm in question the coxite; contrary

to which I believe that the mesomerite must be interpreted as coxite

and the remaining arms as telopodite. The mesomerite (JZ) is solidly

and indivisibly coalescent with the tracheal stalks (fig. 430 TT), and

the two mesomerites are connected by one broad buckle (v). I have

not been able to see the articulation in the middle of this buckle indi-

cated by Verhoef. On the aboral side the mesomerite is connected

with the telopodite. In the middle the mesomerite is a little narrowed ;

then it dilates and divides into one long slender terminal horn (fig.

430 h) and a shorter plate with two blunt teeth (ab). The telopodite

consists of two pieces, the solaenomerite (fig. 431) and the horn-arm

(fig. 427 6). The solaenomerite has at its base the fovea, well figured

by Verhoefi. The seminal duct beginning in the fovea runs along

the channel arm (“‘ Rinnenblatt ”’ Verhoeff, fig. 431 f). The sides

of this arm bear the lateral lobe (“ Nebenlappen,”’ fig. 431 »). The

horn-arm (fig. 427 6) has three pointed branches.

The distribution of this species is very remarkable: Portugal,

Azores, Madeira, Canaries, Cape Verde, Cameroons, and now South

Africa. The present state of our information as regards the African

Continent makes it impossible to decide whether the range of this

species is continuous from the Palaearctic Region through the Cam-

eroons to South Africa, or if it was imported by ships to some parts

(Cameroon, Cape Town) and is missing in the intermediary ones.

Perhaps the study of the biology of the species will explain this

question. Possibly A. moreleti commonly creeps into objects which

are often carried by ships from the Palaearctic harbours to Cape

Town; the fact that it has hitherto been found only in Cape Town

leads us to presume that its presence in South Africa is due to im-

portation by mankind, but our almost absolute ignorance of the fauna

of West Africa does not allow us to be too certain. A second fact

speaking for importation is the complete identity of the Portuguese

and South African specimens. If the species had spread in a natural

way from the Mediterranean Region through the whole western part

of the African Continent we should expect that the South NENG

specimens would prove to be at least a different race.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 293

The labels of the Museum bottles state “ very common in gardens.”

Cape Town (1663, B. 5318, B. 974, 7659, 7667, 7746).

Note.—This species was also imported by ships into Hamburg,

but has not acclimatised itself there. |

SusorDER SPIROBOLOIDEA.

1896. Fam. Sprrobolidae Silvestri, I Diplopodi, p. 56.

1903. Group Spiroboloidea Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 59.

1909. Order Spiroboloidea Attems, Sjdstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru

Exp., p. 25.

1910. Order Sprroboloidea Attems, Voeltzkow’s Reise Ost-Afrika,

TOs 2W),

1913. Order Spiroboloidea Brélemanh, Myr. Austral. Mus., 1, Rec.

Austral. Mus., x, p. 105.

1913. Order Spiroboloidea Brélemann, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, No.

19, p. 476.

1914. Order Sprroboloidea Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France,

ixexcxaiiapen le

1914. Order Spirobolowdea Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 296.

1926. Suborder Sprrobolowdea Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool.,

Van pL OZ:

Mentum not divided (duplomentum, Verhoeff) very large, separating

the lamellae linguales one from another and the stipites from the

praebasilare. No cardines. Praebasilare a small narrow piece.

Both pairs of appendages of the seventh somite modified as gonopods.

The anterior gonopod broadly lamellate and protecting the posterior

gonopods in its cavity. The sternite of the posterior gonopod if

present is more or less coalescent with the coxae. The coxa of the

posterior gonopod contains the opening of the prostate gland, whose

canal opens either at the top of the gonopods or on the tibial process.

The gonopod is thin, flagellate (in these forms the transmission of the

spermatozoa is probably performed by the anterior gonopod) or

broad, boot-shaped when it is the conductor of the spermatozoa.

Last joint of the legs of the $ generally padded (other joints never

padded). The coxae of some legs often with apophyses. Collum

equal in both sexes. First pair of legs of the 3 normal, resembling

the second. Transverse suture sometimes disappearing. Sometimes

more than four sense cones on the antennae.

The Spirobolidea are still awaiting a systematic revision of genera.

In several papers I have tried to group them, dividing the order into

294 Annals of the South African Museum.

two groups called firstly families, then suborders, viz. the Spzro-

bolidae and Trigoniulidae. .

Brélemann accepts my groups, calling them phyla, but he is desirous

of proposing some amendments, to which I have the following reply

to make. As a primary difference between the two suborders I

indicated that in the Spirobolidea the posterior gonopods are not

connected one with the other, while in the Trzgoniulidea they are

solidly connected by a horseshoe-shaped or angular, strongly chitinised

small sternite and by hyaline membranes as well. To this Brélemann

(1914, p. 28) replies, “‘ La liaison des gonopodes postérieurs ne parait

pas etre realisée a Vaide d’un sclérite, mais bien d’un ligament dont la

suture est a definir.”” In my opinion it is not a question of a “ liga-

ment,’ the connecting part being a solid, strongly chitinised bar ;

nothing prevents us from interpreting this bar as a sternite, judging

by analogy with similar-shaped parts in other groups of Julzdea.

As another difference between the two groups I stated that in the

Spirobolidea the prostate duct opens at the commencement of the

seminal duct, which is but little enlarged, while in the Trigoniulidea

the seminal duct begins with one or two large bladders connected

with a strong spine; the prostate duct opens into the first or only

bladder. Brédlemann says: “Il existe une ampople séminale aussi

bien dans le premier groupe que dans le second,” because he found

that in several species of Spirobolidea the seminal duct at the base of

the telopodite is enlarged and bladder-like. I will not contest this

fact, but I oppose the view that the bladder at the base of the telo-

podite as described by Brélemann should be considered homoiogous

with the bladders in the coxae as described by myself. The two

structures are totally different both in their anatomical shape and in

their morphological value, and the differences between the suborders

as I have outlined them remain valid.

A third point in the deductions of Brélemann to which I cannot

agree, 1s the interpretation of that part of the anterior gonopods

called by him “ brides trachéennes ”’ and interpreted as a part of the

tracheal trunk; while I observed that this piece is coalescent with

the base of the anterior gonopod in young specimens, and becomes

independent later; therefore it cannot be interpreted as being derived

from the tracheal trunk.

The genus Cingalobolus, described by Carl, is put according to its

gonopods in the suborder Trigoniulidae, but as regards other characters

it is a link between the two suborders. The pores open in the meta-

somite as in nearly all Sprrobolidea (one genus is said to have the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 295

pores in the prosomites), and scobinae are present. The scobinae

have been considered hitherto as peculiar to the Rhinocricidae (of the

suborder Spirobolidea). Some species of the new genus Chersastus

also have scobinae. |

i. Superfam. SPIROBOLIDEAE Attems.

The posterior gonopods are entirely independent of one another.

No trace of a sternite to these gonopods. The prostate duct dis-

charges simply at the beginning of the seminal duct; a special

mechanism with large bladders in the coxae is not present. The

tracheal stalks lie in the same axis as the gonopods. Anterior gono-

pods have frequently flexibly attached aenelncen stalks. The pores

nearly always in the metasomites.

The suborder is not represented in South Africa.

2. Superfam. TRIGONIULIDEAE Attems.

The coxae of the posterior gonopods are united by the sternite

and amembrane. The seminal duct begins with a bladder into which

the prostate duct discharges from the other side; or there are two

bladders connected together, into the first of which the prostate duct

discharges, while in the second the seminal duct begins. The tracheal

stalks are flexibly attached and in an oblique direction to the axis of

the gonopods. The remainder of the tracheal stalks of the anterior

gonopods are completely fused with the sternite. Pores (except in

Cingalobolus) are present in the prosomites.

Brélemann divides the Trigoniulidea into three families: the

Trigoniulidae ; the Pachybolidae with seven genera, most of which I

do not know well; and the Spiromimidae for Spiromimus, known only

through the paper of de Saussure and Zehntner from Madagascar.

The description and drawings given in this paper render the mor-

phological interpretation of the parts in question difficult, and I

cannot say if the arrangement of these families is correct. We have

to deal only with the first family Trzgoniulidae. Itis characterised by

the following features.

Two plus two supralabral pits. Labrum with an even or odd num-

ber of teeth, 2.e. in the median line there is a tooth orasinus. Four

sensitive cones on the antennae. Collum laterally attenuated, without

any peculiarities. Pores beginning on the sixth segment, opening

mostly in the prosomite (only in Cingalobolus in the metasomite). The

296 Annals of the South African Museum.

transverse suture dorsally not visible between the pores, sometimes

invisible also ventrally ; only in Cingalobolus distinct round the whole

segment. Horseshoe-shaped impressions (scobina) sometimes present.

Sternites transversely striated. Dorsal margin of anal segment more

or less angular; forming a little caudal process only in Cingalobolus.

The coxae of the posterior gonopods are for the largest part mem-

branous and are fused together and with the angular sternites. The

borders of the coxae are in part strongly chitinised. The tracheal

stalks are inserted flexibly at the external angle of the coxae. Telo-

podite well separated from the coxae, but without any division,

except in Metiche and Mystalides. I suppose that the internal

branch with the ending of the seminal duct is a process of the tibia ;

the part distal from this process is in consequence the tarsus. Only

in Mystalides is there a trace of separation between tarsus and tibia,

and in Metiche the tarsus is well separated.

The typical genus of this family is Tragoniulus, of which I said in

a former paper that it must be divided. Brédlemann, in 1914, began

this division, separating a genus EHucarlia, to which I agree entirely.

I take a step further and distribute the remaining species among

three genera: Trigoniulus sens. strict., Spirostrophus, and Cher-

sastus nov. gen. . Spirostrophus is now characterised in a different

manner from before, being thus again revived. The differences

between these genera are shown in the following tabular view.

In the material of the Museum the Spirobolozdea are represented by

only a very small number of species, viz. five in the genus Chersastus,

as opposed to the Spzrostreptoidea including more than 70 species.

In several bottles are samples of Chersastus species other than the

five described here, but of these there are only females, and I place

no importance upon a description which would be of no systematic

value. I would draw the attention of future collectors to these

animals.

Key to the Genera of Trigoniulidae.

la. Pores opening in the metasomite. Transverse suture distinct on the dorsum.

Anal segment with a little tail 3 : : (2) Cingalobolus Carl.

1b. Pores opening in the prosomite. Transverse suture invisible dorsally; anal

segment dorsally rounded, without tail. ‘ ‘ : Le 2s

2a. Metasomites with 2-8 strong teeth. Very large fone Gonopods as in

Trigoniulus . ‘ : : : 5 (1) Acanthiulus Gerv.

26. Metasomites without teeth ; small species. : 3.

3a. The telopodite of the posterior gonopod has a ionome. Iveraie ined ana well

defined from the femoro-tibia . , : A . (3) Metiche Attems.

3b. A well-defined tarsus not visible in posterior gonopod . ; : 4,

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 297

4a. Coxa and telopodite of the posterior gonopod have the same direction

(4) Mystalides Attems.

4b. Coxa and telopodite of the posterior gonopod form an angle . ‘ 5

5a. Internal branch (7.e. the tibial process) of the posterior gonopod covered with

fine hairs : : ; (5) Hei sens. strict.

5b. Tibial process amieetl. ehinetiniog wanting . : : ; a0:

6a. Tibial process slender, pointed, and the seminal duct opening as a narrow canal

at the tip of this process : : : (6) Hucarlia Brol.

66. Tibial process broad, rounded ; the Peunal ace opening by means of a funnel-

shaped aperture between the folds of the process : ; oth

7a. Basal joint (coxa) of anterior gonopod slender, rod-like ; coxae of some of the

anterior legs with apophyses. No tarsal cushions

(7) Spirostrophus §. et Z.

7b, Basal joint of anterior gonopod broad, leaf-like ; coxae of the anterior legs with-

out apophyses. Tarsal cushions present . . (8) Chersastus nov. gen,

(1) Gen. ACANTHIULUS Gerv.

1841. Acanthiulus Gervais, Ann. Sci. Nat., (3), 1. p. 70.

1847. Acanthiulus Gervais, Ins. Apt., iv, p. 173.

1893. Acanthiulus Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xi, p. 136.

1903. Acanthiulus Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxii, p. 409.

1903. Polybunolobus Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), xii, p. 531.

1910. Polybunolobus Attems, Voeltzkow’s Reise Ost-Afrika, p. 91.

1913. Acanthiulus Brolemann, Myr. Austral. Mus., Rec. Austral.

Mus., x, p. 107.

1914. Acanthiulus Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxxiu, p. 14.

1914. Acanthiulus Attems, Zool. Jahrb., xxxvii, p. 383.

The sternite of the anterior gonopods is more or less divided in the

middle, each half with a long process. Both joints of anterior gono-

pods broad and rounded. Posterior gonopods as in Trigoniulus, the

tibial process covered with fine hairs. Telopodite without a visible

division. Anterior legs without apophyses on the coxae. No tarsal

cushions. Metasomites with 2-8 strong lateral teeth. Pores in the

prosomites. Very large species.

One species with two subspecies from New Guinea and the Aru

Archipelago.

(2) Gen. CInGALOBOLUS Carl.

1918. Rev. Suisse Zool., xxvi, p. 448.

Sternite of anterior gonopods V-shaped. Coxites broad and sinuate.

Posterior gonopods similar to those of Metiche and Mystalides in their

basal parts. One bladder. The seminal duct opens on a very in-

distinct broad tibial process without terminal enlargement. No

298 Annals of the South African Museum.

separate tarsus. Pores in the metasomite. Sccbina present. Anal

segment with a tail overlapping the anal valves. Transverse suture

distinct round the whole segment.

One species from Ceylon.

(8) Gen. Meticur, Attems.

1909. Metiche Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp., p. 25.

1910. Metiche Attems, Voeltzkow’s Reise Ost-Afrika, p. 91.

1914. Metiche Brolemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxxii, p. 14.

Sternite of anterior gonopods angular, the median angle of medium

length, both joints of anterior gonopod broad, rounded, the distal

one without deep sinus. The prostate duct of the posterior gonopod

opens into the single bladder, from which rises the seminal duct.

Telopodite of posterior gonopods with a well-separated tarsus laterally

inserted. Anterior legs without apophyses. Tarsal cushions present.

Pores in the prosomite.

I have no material to enable me to examine the gonopods again,

but I suppose that the telopodite of the posterior gonopod must be

interpreted in the sense that the broad terminal part belongs to the

tibia and is equivalent to the internal branch or tibial process of

Trigoniulus and related genera. One species from Hast Africa.

(4) Gen. MysratipEs Attems.

1910. Mystalides Attems, Voeltzkow’s Reise Ost-Afrika, pp. 91, 94.

1914. Mystalides Brdlemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, lxxxii, p. 14.

Basal joint of anterior gonopod broad, leaf-like ; distal joint with-

out deep sinus. Tibial process of the posterior gonopods long,

slender, sometimes overlapping the tip. Coxae and telopodite of

posterior gonopods having the same direction, without a strong angle

between them as in other genera. Telopodite without distinct

division, but the tarsus is sometimes indicated by a small lateral

sinus. Pores in the prosomite.

Five species from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.

Note—M. pumilus has strange sense (¢) organs in the distal joint

of the anterior gonopods. Besides the usual narrow canals perforating

the chitin in the same way as in other parts of the body and well

known for a long time, we find considerably wider cylindrical canals

opening by a little aperture not larger than the opening of the usual

canals. I presume it is a sensitive tactile organ (PI. IX, fig. 224).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 299

(5) Gen. TRIGONIULUS sens. strict.

The internal branch of the posterior gonopod is broad and covered

with fine hairs. A separate tarsus is not visible. Basal joint of

anterior gonopods broad, leaf-like. Coxae of the anterior legs with

or without apophyses. ‘Tarsal pads present or wanting. Metasomites

without lateral teeth. Pores in the prosomite.

Numerous species from the whole Indo-Australian Region, the

Seychelles, Madagascar. I gave a tabular view in the Indo-Austral.

Myr. in Arch. f. Nat., 1914.

Type.—Trigoniulus lumbricinus Gerst.

(6) Gen. Eucarzia Brol.

1918. EHucarlia Broélemann, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, No. 19, p. 478.

1914. Hucarlia Brélemann, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxxiu, p. 33.

Basal joint of the anterior gonopod broad, leaf-like, distal joint

deeply sinuate. The internal branch slender, the external branch

broad, rounded. The seminal duct opens at the tip of the slender,

pointed, and smooth (not hairy) tibial process. Telopodite without

visible division. Anterior legs with or without apophyses on the

coxae and tarsal pads. Pores in the prosomite.

E. haemoranthus Poc., harpaqus Att., karykinus Att., tachypus Poc.,

uncinatus Att., urophorus Poe., velox Carl., venatorius Silv., from the

Indo-Australian Region and Seychelles.

(7) Gen. Sprrostropuus 8. and Z.

1902. Spirostrophus Saussure and Zehntner in Grandidier’s Mada-

gascar, pp. 114-150.

1910. Spirostrophus Attems, Voeltzkow’s Reise Ost-Afrika, p. 91.

1913. Spirostrophus Brolemann, Rec. Austral. Mus., x, p. 112.

Basal joint of anterior gonopod slender, rod-like. The coxa of

the posterior gonopod contains two bladders connected together,

into the first the prostate duct opens, the seminal duct begins at the

second. ‘The tibial process of the posterior gonopod is broad, rounded,

smooth, not covered with hairs or spines; the seminal duct opens in

the process by a funnel-shaped enlargement. Telopodite without

division. Coxae of anterior legs with apophyses. Tarsal pad wanting.

Pores in the prosomite.

Species: S. naresii Poc. (Seychelles, Madayvascar, Caroline Islands,

Marshall Island) ; S. ambonensis Attems (Ambon, Celebes) ; S. digi-

tulus Brél. (Queensland).

300 Annals of the South African Museum.

(8) Gen. CHERSASTUS nov.

Basal joint of anterior gonopod broad, rounded; distal joint with-

out deep sinus. Sternite triangular. ‘Tibial process of the posterior

gonopod broad, rounded, smooth, sometimes wanting; the seminal

duct opens by a funnel-shaped enlargement. Telopodite without divi-

sion. Coxae of anterior legs without apophyses. Tarsal pads present

or wanting. 2-2 supralabral pits, antennae with four sensitive cones.

Cheeks of male with conical prominence. Sides of collum symmetri-

cally narrowed and of usual length, not reaching the ventral surface.

Horseshoe-shaped impressions (scobinae) sometimes present. Pores

in the prosomite. Transverse suture not visible dorsally, or only

in traces. Anal segment dorsally rounded, without prominent

tail.

Distribution. South Africa, Sunda Archipelago, Seychelles.

We know that in the Spzroboloidea a displacement of the anterior

pairs of legs has taken place. In the Diplopoda generally the first

segment is apodous, the second, third, and fourth segments have one

pair of legs, and the fifth and following segments have two pairs.

Here, in Chersastus (and the other Spzroboloidea), the fifth segment has

but one pair of legs, the sternite is firmly connected with the tergite ;

the prophragma is closed ventrally by a narrow buckle, the coxae

are inserted in two excavations, open behind, on the posterior border

of the sternite. The fourth segment is quite like the fifth; its pair

of legs belongs originally to the fifth segment, but is now completely

separated from the fifth segment and its sternite fused with the

tergite of the fourth segment. It is the same with the third

segment as with the fourth and fifth, but the prophragma is

interrupted ventrally. The tergite or pleurotergite of the second

segment is broadly open ventrally. The sternites of the second pair

of legs (belonging originally to the third segment) are connected by

membranes with this pleurotergite ; the first pair of legs is attached

also by membranes in front of the second pair, not clearly belonging

either to the second or the first segment. In a preparation the first

pair of legs remains attached to the head. In the first and second

pairs of legs the sternite is divided in the median line; each half is

solidly connected with the coxa: we call it a “‘ pair of sternocoxites.”

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 301

Synopsis of Species of the Genus Chersastus.

la. Anterior legs without tarsal pads ; 5 ; : : Ai Pe

2a. Tibial process of posterior gonopods wanting, metasomites smooth dorsally

(Mahé. ) : é C brauert Attems.

2b. Tibial process distineth retasoites doraally striated (Borneo) badius Attems.

16. Anterior legs with tarsal pads. é : eee

3a. The tibial process is a hollow, transversely divided lamella: Ines in the excava-

tion of the telopodite (Ternate, Halmaheira) . : orinomus Attems.

3b. The tibial process has the usual shape, a smooth rounded lobe not sunk into a

cavity, butfree . ; é ; ; : 5; bit ae

4a. Transverse suture dorsally Breibiet Prosomite in front of the suture roughly

punctate ; border of anal valves high and shar ply defined (Bayan, Moluccas)

brachyurus Attems.

4b, Transverse suture dorsally invisible ; prosomite dorsally smooth or with fine

transverse striae, not with rough punctuation. Margin of anal valves

thickened but not sharply defined . : ; 5 Oy

5a. The distal joint of the anterior gonopods inerassate at the tip. Without

lateral lappets: the body dark red without black spots or bands (3) ruber n.sp.

5b. The distal joint of the anterior gonopods with 1-2 lateral lappets at the tip.

The body not uniform red, but with annulations or with dark spots or bands 6.

6a. All legs padded ; ; 5 . : : ; : ; eee

7a. 44-45 segments ; the sternite of the anterior gonopods reaching to the middle

of the gonopods. The anal scale a blunt triangle E (1) fasciatus n. sp.

7b. 40 segments; the sternite of the anterior gonopods reaching nearly to the

tip of the gonopods. The anal scale truncate . . (2) splendidus n. sp.

6b. The last 12-20 pairs of legs not padded F : : 67 ish

8a. From the medial margin near the tip of the distal joint of the anterior gonopod

rises a little lappet directed laterally. Colour of the body red, with a row

of black spots or a black band in the median line : : : Bae)

9a. No scobina ; : : : : : A (4) silvanus n. sp.

9b. Scobina well develosed ; : : ; . (5) vulpinus n. sp.

8b. On the lateral side near the tip of the anterige gonopod a pointed cone. Colour

of the body brown or black, indistinctly annulated (6) atrophus (7) tnscriptus.

163. (1) Chersastus fasciatus n. sp.

(Pl. IX, figs. 216-220.)

Colour reddish-brown or yellowish-brown, with three black longi-

tudinal bands. The reddish spaces between the three bands as wide

as the median black one. The pores are situated in the middle of

the lateral black bands. The bands begin on the second and finish on

the penultimate segment. Anal segment dorsally black, the valves

yellow, antennae and legs reddish or yellowish. Clypeus reddish-

brown, vertex black, collum black with red borders. ¢ width 5

mm.; number of segments 44—47.

Labral sinus triangular; the labral border is deeply incised in the

302 Annals of the South African Museum.

middle, with a strong tooth on each side of the incision. The incision

is continued by a sharp furrow on the clypeus, becoming shallower

and disappearing gradually before reaching the line between the

antennae. 2-2 supralabral pits. Vertex with short furrow, the

rest smooth. Eyes round, the inner border not overlapping much

the base of antennae. The interorbital space more than twice the

diameter of an eye. The ocelli moderately convex. Antennae over-

lapping the posterior border of the second segment. Four sensitive

cones. The tip moderately thickened. Cheeks with conical process,

their margins not bordered. Sides of the collum symmetrically

narrowed, the anterior margin with a small border beginning at the

eyes; no furrows. Anterior concealed part of prosomite with weak,

irregular transverse striae becoming dorsally longer and deeper

towards the open part. Two little horseshoe-shaped impressions

very distinct, becoming more and more pointed and triangular.

The sides and the under surface of the prosomite with fine oblique

striae; the striae very irregular. The transverse suture is only

visible ventrally up to the pore, and is even here very weak and

indistinct ; dorsally it is completely invisible. The pores beginning

on the sixth segment are just in front of the suture. Metasomite with

fine, regular longitudinal striae from the sternite up to half-way to

the pore; the dorsum with scattered punctuation ; the rest smooth

and shining. Sternites with regular transverse furrows; stigmata

rounded, not overlapping the sternite. Dorsal margin of anal segment

with blunt angle, the process not overlapping the valves and not

separated by a furrow; the angle somewhat rounded. The margins

of the anal valves thickened, the thickening not abrupt, but gradually

passing into the valves. Anal scale triangular, the apex rounded.

Coxae of all legs without apophyses. Pad present on the last pair

of legs, projecting to the middle of the terminal claw (fig. 220).

Gonopods: sternite of anterior gonopods (figs. 216, 217) V-shaped,

the sides strongly curved and projecting as far as the middle of the

anterior gonopods. The sides are completely fused with the tracheal

stalks, which are only an irregular enlargement of the sides of the

sternite; they are without distinct internal branch, and curved

somewhat to the aboral side. The basal joint (fig. 216 5) of the anterior

zonopods is a hollow leaf-like structure which sends a pointed keel

to the aboral side. The distal joint (d) is inserted on the margin of

this edge; its tip is narrowed and bears a transverse, outwardly

directed process.

Posterior gonopods (figs. 218, 219): sternite (v) and coxae (c) com-

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 303

pletely fused. The sternite (v) is V-shaped and its sides pass without

suture into the coxae. The tracheal stalks (77.7) are flexibly in-

serted on the sides of the coxae. In the interior of the coxae we

see the thick-walled bladder (fig. 218 Bl) into which the prostate duct

opens. This bladder is connected with a strongly chitinised knob

(K), whilst the remainder of the wall of the coxae is membranous ;

an arrangement designed to exert a pressure on the full bladder at the

right moment. Between the coxae and telopodite there is an articula-

tion. The internal branch, 7.e. tibial process (7f), is short, broad, and

smooth, and contains the opening of the seminal duct (S.d.). The

tip of the telopodite has several lobes, one of them covered with little

spines similar to the tibial process of Trigoniulus; but the tibial

process of Trzgoniulus and the lobe here are not identical. Character-

istic of this species is a simple finger-like process at the tip of the

telopodite (fig. 219 f).

Cape Province.—Gordon’s Bay, Stellenbosch (23393, 13505) ; Her-

manus (23370); Simonstown Waterfall (7720); River Zonder End

(B. 5279, B. 5277); Steenbrass, Caledon Div. (B. 3364, A. 2333) ;

Cookhouse (B. 865); Hout Bay Valley (7624, B. 2238); St. James

(B. 958) ; Prince Albert (1543) ; Houw Hoek, Caledon (7348) ; Mait-

land Flats (7662); Platteklip Ravine, Table Mt. (1516, 1524) ;

Grahamstown (A. 23385); Retreat, Cape Flats (7625) ; Graafi-Reinet

(B. 1010) ; Tulbagh (B. 4074) ; East London (A. 23390) ; Pocaltsdorp

(7396). Natal.—Merebank, Durban (150182, only a female; doubtfully

of this species).

164. (2) Chersastus splendidus un. sp.

(Pl. XXII, figs. 516-519.)

Colour: head and collum dark red; the dorsum of the prosomite

light red with a median black spot; the dorsum of the metasomite

blackish up to the line of the pores ; in the last third of the body the

darkening spreads beyond the pores; the sides and the under side

of the prosomite and metasomite dark red. Antennae and legs

reddish-brown ; the tip of the tarsus and the pad yellow.

The head, collum, and mandibles like those of C. vulpinus. The

metasomite and the free part of the prosomite very finely wrinkled,

leather-hke. The sulci of the prosomite and metasomite, tne position

of the pore, and the transverse sulcus like that of C. vulpinus.

Behind the pore a sharp furrow not touching the posterior margin.

No scobina. The medial margin of the anal valves not thickened ;

the anal scale nearly truncate ; the dorsal angle blunt. The sternites

304 Annals of the South African Museum.

with some sharp cross furrows in the anterior part. All the legs

are padded.

Gonopods : the sternite of the anterior pair (figs. 516, 517) is broadly

rounded and relatively long, reaching nearly to the tip of the anterior

gonopods. The basal joint of the gonopod has a distinct shoulder,

and becomes a blunt cone distally from the shoulder. The distal

Joint is broadly rounded and bears near the tip a triangular lappet

directed laterally. The tip is somewhat swollen and perforated by

small pores. No hairs. The sternite of the posterior pair (figs. 518,

519) is a broad V with blunt angle. The base of the gonopod surpasses

the sternite with a thickly chitinised blunt lappet. The telopodite is

well defined; the base is narrowed; the prostate canal runs to a

broad, short lappet ; the tip is broadly rounded.

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (6034).

165. (3) Chersastus ruber un. sp.

(Pl. IX, figs. 221-223.)

Colour very remarkable : the whole trunk a pretty deep-red ; head,

antennae, and legs black, the legs on the outside whitish. 4, 44

segments; width5-3 mm.; 97-2 mm.

Anterior border of labrum nearly straight, with four short, rounded

teeth. Labral sinus very shallow ; a median furrow passes from the

anterior border of the clypeus to the elevation between the antennae.

This furrow is deep in the fore part, then gradually shallows. 2-+2

supralabral pits. Vertex line very short. The whole of the rest of

head smooth. LEyes spherical, triangular, the single ocelli distinctly

convex. Antennae reaching the posterior border of the third segment.

Cheeks with broad process and a small border on the anterior margin.

Collum laterally broadly rounded. The anterior margin of the sides

finely bordered. Ventral surface and sides of prosomite densely

covered with fine oblique striae ; dorsally these striae are present only

in a median zone; the fore and the hind parts are smooth. Meta-

somites on the ventral surface with regular widely spaced longitudinal

furrows. A distinct transverse suture is lacking. It is represented

by a shallow depression at the sides, the pore being situated before the

end of this depression. The dorsum of the metasomites smooth, with

very fine punctuations. Prosomites with two little horseshoe-shaped

impressions. Sternites transversely striated. The dorsal margin

of the anal segment bluntly angulate, with rounded apex. The valves

moderately raised, the margin very thick but not marked off. Anal

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 305

scale arched and pointed. Anterior legs without apophyses. The

pads wanting on the last 14 pairs of legs. Gonopods: seventh seg-

ment closed ventrally. Sternite (fig. 222) of anterior gonopods pointed

and relatively short. Basal joint with internal margin straight, the

terminal margin oblique, connected by a wide arch with the outer

margin. The tip of the second joint with a thick black knob, bearing

a little lobe (fig. 221). Posterior gonopods: coxa as described in the

preceding species. Tibial process broad, projecting but little, with

a smooth margin. Between the tibial process and the round-lobed

tip a little pointed lobe (fig. 223).

Umzimkulu (A. 23381), Natal ; Kentani Distr. (13771), Cape.

166. (4) Chersastus silvanus n. sp.

(Pl. IX, fig. 225; Pl. X, figs. 226, 227.)

Colour deep reddish-brown, with three very indistinct black longi-

tudinal bands. dg, 44 segments; width 4:3 mm.; 9 5:4 mm.

Labral margin nearly straight, four labral teeth, the outer two some-

what indistinct ; lateral sinus flat ; the clypeus with a median furrow

from the anterior margin to the antennae, gradually disappearing.

The single ocelli distinctly convex. Collum as in fasciatus. The

sculpture of pro- and meta-somites is the same as in C. ruber, but

horseshoe-shaped impressions are not visible. Sternites and anal

segment also as in C. ruber. The tarsi padded from the third to the

twentieth before the end. Gonopods: The sternite of the anterior

gonopods (v, figs. 226, 227) is slender and overlaps the middle of the

anterior gonopods. The basal joint (b) has no characteristic shape

as in most other species. The second joint (d) is broadly rounded

and bears on the inner side near the tip a slender, outwardly directed

lobe and a short, broad lobe with small, pointed hairs. Posterior gono-

pods (fig. 225): the tibial process is short, broad, with smooth margins ;

the tip is a blunt, inwardly curved lobe; in the sinus between the

tibial process and the lobe at the tip there is a little rounded lobe.

Knysna (1547, 1546); Kentani Distr., Transkei (7301), Cape.

167. (5) Chersastus vulpinus n. sp.

(Pl. XXII, figs. 520-526.)

In colour resembling C. ruber ; dark red, a black spot in the posterior

half of each prosomite in the median line, and surrounding each pore.

The head, including the antennae, black; the legs black with whitish

gloss. ¢ width 6-2-7 mm.,¢ 7-8 mm. Forty-four segments.

VOL. XXVI. 20)

306 Annals of the South African Museum.

The labral margin nearly straight, the anterior margin of the

clypeus a blunt angle. 2-+2 supralabral pits, wide apart. On the

median angle begins the deep median furrow, running up to the

antennae. The longitudinal sulcus short ; head-plate smooth. The

eyes round. The antennae surpass a little the third segment. Four

sensitive cones. The basal joint of the mandible in the ¢ with a

blunt tooth, indistinctly bordered on the anterior margin.

Collum narrowed laterally, the anterior margin finely bordered.

Prosomite finely sulcate ; the sulci on the exposed ventral surface

are longitudinal, on the sides and on the concealed surface ventrally

they are oblique, on the dorsal they run transversely. Metasomite

with fine longitudinal sulci, the upper not reaching the pore. From

the pore runs a sharp furrow to the posterior margin. The surface of

the metasomite very smooth and shining. The pores are situated in

front of the transverse sulcus; the latter distinct only beneath the

pore. Distinct scobina present, except on some of the first and last

segments. The anal segment smooth, the posterior dorsal angle blunt ;

the inner margin of the anal valves gradually rising to a smooth

thickening, the anal scale rounded. The legs padded from the third

pair, the last seventeen pairs not padded. The sternite of the anterior

gonopods (figs. 521, 522) is pointed and relatively short, and reaches

approximately to the middle of the anterior gonopods. The basal

joint is weakly shouldered. The distal joint is narrowed distally and

the tip is somewhat incrassate, and perforated by numerous fine and

some larger pores; on the aboral side weakly hollowed out before the

thickening, and bearing a little lappet directed laterally. No hairs.

The sternite of the posterior pair (figs. 520, 523) is a cross-buckle, united

with the joint connecting the bases of the gonopods. The telopodite

is distinctly separated from the coxite laterally. The vesicle at the

beginning of the prostate canal is distinct. The canal runs to a little

lappet. The tip of the broad telopodite is divided into two rounded

lappets ; before them there is a little spine.

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (B. 6030, 6009).

168. (6) Chersastus atrophus n. sp.

(Pl. X, figs. 228-230.)

Colour blackish-brown, posterior border of metasomites trans-

parent. Head yellowish-brown, blackish between the eyes. An-

tennae and legs yellowish. 3, 44-46 segments; width 2-5-3 mm.

Anterior labral margin deeply sinuate, in the middle an incision,

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 307

a tooth on each side. Posterior margin of labrum angular. 2+2

supralabral pits. The median furrow on the clypeus as in the other

species. Head shiny. Vertex line short. Antennae reaching pos-

terior border of third segment. Cheek without prominence. Collum

symmetrically rounded laterally, anterior margin of sides finely

bordered, as in other species. A transverse suture not visible at

the sides, only an indistinct depression there, the pore being just

in front of this depression. ‘The sides of the prosomites as far as the

pore with very fine oblique striae. Ventral surface of metasomites

with fine longitudinal furrows. The dorsum of prosomites and

metasomites with fine punctuation and fine short striae ; horseshoe-

shaped impressions not visible. Dorsal margin of anal segment with

blunt angle, the apex rounded. The valves little raised, the thickened

margin not marked off. Scale broadly arched. Sternites with trans-

verse furrows. The tarsal pads wanting on the last 5-8 pairs of

legs. Anterior legs with apophyses on the coxae.

Gonopods : sternite of anterior gonopods (2, figs. 228, 229) relatively

long but rounded. Basal joint (b) of anterior gonopod forming a

pointed angle. Distal joint shaped like a bird’s head, with a lateral

tooth (“the bill’), the tip covered with small, pointed hairs. The

tibial process of the posterior gonopod short, broadly rounded. On

the inner side distally to the tibial process (7f) several short, rounded

lobes (fig. 230).

Orange Kloof Nek, Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula (7649) ; Signal Hill

(1509), Cape Town; Wellington (13498), Cape.

169. (7) Chersastus inscriptus n. sp.

(Pl. X, figs. 231-235.)

Prosomites olive-brown, metasomites black, the two colours merging

gradually. Clypeus, antennae, and legs dark yellowish-brown, vertex

black-brown. Collum black-brown, the anterior margin reddish.

3, 43 segments ; width 5 mm.

Anterior margin of labrum deeply sinuate, four labral teeth, pos-

terior margin bluntly angled. 2-+2 supralabral pits. The median

furrow, as in the allied species, disappearing before the antennae,

in the fore part moderately deep. Vertex line somewhat longer than

in allied species, head very smooth. Sides of the collum nearly

pointed, the anterior margin finely bordered. Ventral surface and

sides of the prosomite densely covered with fine oblique striae. The

covered part of the dorsum with fine concentric striae ; besides these

~ 308 Annals of the South African Museum.

there are two shallow, horseshoe-shaped pits, recalling the scobinae

of Rhinocricus, but much less distinct than these. Free part of pro-

somites with irregular short striae. Metasomites dorsally smooth and

polished, ventra] surface with the usual longitudinal furrows. The

transverse suture is indicated ventrally up to the pores by a shallow

depression. The dorsal angle of the anal segment blunt, the apex

rounded. Anal valves moderately raised, the margin very thick

and somewhat separated. Sternites with transverse furrows. Tarsal

pads wanting on the last 14 pairs of legs. Gonopods: the sternite

of the anterior gonopods (figs. 231, 232) prominent up to the middle

of the gonopod; basal joint (b) broad, second joint (d) somewhat

narrowed, with two lateral lobes. The summit (/) covered with little

knobs, each bearing a small spine (fig. 233). Tibial process (Zf) of

the posterior gonopod broad, projecting a little; the tip broadly

lobed, inwardly curved (figs. 234, 235).

Scottburgh (A. 23350), Natal.

Species Spiroboloideorum incertae sedis.

Sprrobolus arcuosus Por.

1893. Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xvi, p. 31.

Damaraland.

Spirobolus corvaceus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 19.

Caffraria.

Spirobolus digrammus Poe.

1893. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xi, p. 138.

Cape Town.

Spirobolus elegans Brandt.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 19.

Caffraria.

Spirobolus formosus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., v, p. 18.

Cafiraria.

Spirobolus littoralis Koch.

1865. Koch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges., xv, p. 884.

Algoa Bay.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 309

Spirobolus pococki Por.

1893. Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xviii, p. 32.

Cape Town.

Spirobolus sabulosovdes Por.

1893. Porat, Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl., xviii, p. 33.

Cape Town.

Spirobolus saussuret Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., v, p. 20.

Caffraria.

Spirobolus strigosus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., v, p. 17.

Caffraria.

Spirobolus tesselatus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., v, p. 21.

Caffraria.

SuBORDER SPIROSTREPTOMORPHA.

SUB-SUBORDER CAMBALOIDEA.

Gnathochilarlum: in front of the hypostoma is the undivided,

well-developed praebasilare, and in front of this the united duplo-

mentum (in the sense of Verhoeff) or the mentum and promentum

(the latter separated from the mentum). The promentum may be

divided longitudinally. The duplomentum or the promentum gener-

ally separate the lamellae linguales completely or nearly so. The

stipites are contiguous with the praebasilare and laterally surround

the mentum. Cardines are present. The three last joints of the

legs of the 3 are never padded. é ;

With regard to the gonopods there are great differences. Both

pairs of legs of the seventh segment may be transformed into gono-

pods or the second pair may be wanting. The first pair may possess

a sperm cavity and sperm canal or not. A coxal gland (prostate

gland) may be present on the first or second pair. The second pair

may have several (3) joints and arrangements for the conduction of

the sperm, or may be a little undivided stump, or wanting altogether.

The pores begin at the fifth or sixth segment. The metasomites

are either smooth or have strong keels. The first pair of legs of the

S$ has usually a reduced number of joints altered in shape. The first

pair of legs is never normal and equal to the second pair.

310 Annals of the South African Museum.

Key to the Families of Cambaloidea.

la. Gnathochilarium with duplomentum (i.e. the promentum not separated from

the mentum) . Cambalopsidae Cook (genera Cambalopsis, Cambalomorpha,

Trachyiulus).

16. Mentum and promentum separated .. : : : 5 a

2a. Promentum divided longitudinally : 6 : ° o =&:

3a. Posterior gonopods wanting; anterior gonopods 2-jointed, the second

joint strongly bristled. Pores beginning from the fifth segment

Pseudonannolenidae Silv. (genus Pseudonannolene Silv.).

3b. Posterior gonopods 3-jointed. Anterior gonopods 1-jointed ; without bristles.

The pores begin on the sixth segment . Pericambalidae Silv. (genus

Pericambala Silv.).

2b. Promentum undivided : , : : : Cambalidae sens. strict.

Fam. CAMBALIDAE sens. strict.

In South Africa this family is only represented by a single genus.

A short diagnosis is as follows:—Gnathochilarium: the mentum

sens. lat. is divided into mentum and promentum, the promentum

is not divided longitudinally and almost completely separates the

lamellae linguales. Gonopods: sternite and tracheal stalks of

anterior gonopods fused into one piece. Anterior gonopods generally

2-jointed, rarely 1- or 3-jomted. The coxae may possess a gland

whose duct opens on a pseudoflagellum. Telopodite of anterior

gonopods often with seminal duct. The sternite of the posterior

gonopods is of one piece, or is divided in the middle line. In all

cases it is fused with the tracheal stalk, but not with the gonopods.

The gonopod is a little 1- to 3-jointed stump, whose tip is ad-

pressed to the base of the anterior gonopod in its natural position.

First pair of legs of the g¢ modified in different degrees. The sternite

may be one piece or divided in the middle line, fused with the coxae or

not ; the leg may be reduced to a stump of one or two joints or may

have 5-6 joints. Tracheal stalks fused with the sternite or free.

The coxae of the second pair of legs of ¢ may be fused with the

sternite ; otherwise there are six normal joints. Certain legs may

have teeth or prominences on certain joints; the three last joints

are never padded. The transverse suture is distinct, the meta-

somites are smooth dorsally (only the genus Cambala has strong

dorsal keels, but its position in this family is still uncertain); the

ventral surface has fine, regular furrows. The pores begin on the

fifth (seldom) or sixth segment. Usually three, seldom one labral

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 311

tooth. Antennae with four sense cones. Mandibles with 6-12

comb-like lamellae. Dorsal margin of anal sezment without tail.

The name of this family is somewhat unfortunate, since the genus

Cambala, which gave its name to the family, is so little known as

regards its most important characters that it is uncertain whether it

belongs to this family at all; so that we have possibly a family

Cambalidae without the genus Cambala. A remarkable similarity in

appearance exists between Glyphiulus and the Cambalopsidae ; both

have the same strong dorsal keels, but are sharply separated in the

form of the gnathochilarium.

While I must exclude several genera from the family Cambalidae,

on the other hand I must include a genus whose position has been

somewhat uncertain hitherto, viz. the genus Hpinannolene. Carl,*

who first described several species in an excellent manner, placed

Epinannolene in the family Nannolenidae Cook. This family has

had a fate similar to that of the Cambalidae. The genus Nannolene

is very incompletely known, so that we cannot determine its true

character ; and consequently, as the whole definition of the families

Nannolenidae and Cambalidae is somewhat vague, we cannot determine

the characters of the family of which it is the type. On this point

I am in agreement with Carl, who left the question open in which

family Epinannolene was to be placed. He attaches great import-

ance to the fact that Hpinannolene has only one pair of gonopods,

the posterior pair being atrophied or nearly so. He found in one

species no traces of this pair, in another species he found a pair of

little 3-jointed stumps, so that the differences between the other

genera of Cambalidae and Epinannolene are bridged over.

Key to the Genera of Cambalidae.

la. Coxite of the anterior gonopod with a flagellum moved by muscles . sey

2a. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod with a pseudoflagellum. Praefemur of the

first pair of legs of g much reduced ‘ : . Proscelomerion Verh,

2b. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod without pseudoflagellum. Praefemur of

first pair of legs of d large. : : ; : : : 5 ah

3a. Sternite of first pair of legs bipartite, the femur much broader than long.

Anterior gonopod inarticulate, the posterior gonopod indistinctly 2-jointed

Samichus Att.

* Carl, Die Myr. von Columbia, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat., vol. v, 1914.

+ Amasti,ogonus Brolemann 1913, Rec. Austral. Mus., x, p 152, is synonymous

with Samichus Att.

312 Annals of the South African Museum.

3b. Sternite of first pair of legs not divided, the femur longer than wide, much

narrower than the praefemur. Both pairs of gonopods distinctly articulate

(coxite and telopodite); the telopodite of the posterior senopod 1- or 2-jointed.

Certain joints of the 3rd to the 7th pair of legs of the g with ventral teeth.

Dimerogonus Att.

16. Coxite of anterior gonopod without flagellum : ne

4a, Metasomites with strong longitudinal keels. Pores beanie from the 5th ©

segment : , : : : ; . Glyphiulus Gervy.

4b, Metasomites without keels 3 ; 5 : : : . oS

5a. Pores beginning on the 5th segment . : . . Epinannolene Brol.

5b. Pores beginning on the 6th segment . 6.

6a. Sternite of the first pair of legs divided lonerecar naire ern half coalescent

with the tracheal stalk but not with the coxite ; the first legs 5- or 6-jointed.

Prosomites with finely punctuate circular ridges . Dinocambala Att.

6b. The sternite and the coxae of the first ee of legs coalescent. Prosomites

without circular ridges . : : : : =

7a. Telopodite of first pair of legs of the g 2- or 3. roinesdiae . Podykipus Att.

7b. These telopodites are 5-jointed . : : 8.

8a. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod with a ppotdofiaveltirns which is fresle

visible and surrounded by strong bristles : Merioproscelum Verh.

8b. The pseudoflagellum of the anterior gonopod, if present, concealed 5. Os

9a. Posterior gonopod 2- or 3-jointed. Metasomites with two rows of little hairs

or densely hairy. Anal valves hairy : : : Agastrophus Att.

9b. Posterior gonopod inarticulate. Metasomites and anal valves not hairy 10.

10a. Femur of the first pair of legs of the g relatively slender, much narrower than

the broad praefemur. : : Atelomastix Att.

106. Femur of first pair of legs very hort and breed: as broadasthe praefemur 11.

lla. This femur with an anterior horn-shaped process directed laterally. Posterior

gonopod larger than in Julomorpha and articulate (coxite and telopodite)

Thaumaceratopus Verh.

11+. Femur of first leg without horn-shaped process. The posterior gonopods

small, inarticulate stumps. : : : 5 Julomorpha Por.

Gen. JULOMORPHA Porat.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., Nr. 5, p. 13.

1909. Attems, Deutsche Siidpolar Exped., p. 429.

1. Subgen. JULOMORPHA nov.

Three labral teeth. No bristles on the vertex. Eyes rounded, with

numerous ocelli in several rows. Head smooth. Trunk cylindrical,

without constriction on the first segments. Width of body 1-3-3 mm.,

S$ with 48-63 segments. The posterior part (4 or $) of every meta-

somite transparent, so that an indefinite transverse annulation results.

The dorsum banded with yellow only in J. rizosa. Metasomites

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 313

smooth, not hairy, without strong sculpture, ventral surface with

the usual longitudinal furrows, curved upwards to meet the transverse

suture. Pores beginning on the sixth segment in the space between

the well-developed suture and the posterior margin, Dorsal margin

of anal segment with blunt angle or rounded, not forming a tail.

Anal valves strongly raised, the margin deepened, but rarely bordered ;

beside the margin two bristles. Anal scale broadly rounded. 3, first

pair of legs 5-jointed; the coxae nearly fused with the undivided

sternite, the second joint with a rounded basal lobe on the oral side,

then three little joints, the last clawless. All joints with numerous

unicellular glands. Second pair of legs 6-jointed, of normal size.

Anterior gonopods: sternite and tracheal stalks fused into one

piece. The gonopods set close to one another and the connection

with the sternite only membranous. The gonopod is 2-jointed ;

the arrangement for the conveyance of the sperm is clearly seen.

Near the base of the telopodite there is a deep round cavity, whose

border is beset with thin fringes. The cavity is the beginning of the

seminal duct (sd) leading into a wide pouch, the seminal pouch (sp).

This arrangement is very distinct in Julomorpha kinbergi, fortis,

ignavus, and hilaris, species which also fall into line with regard to

the posterior gonopods; the pouch of J. tristis and tardus has a

somewhat different shape. The species Julomorpha concors and

rizosa have anterior gonopods of a second type. ‘The telopodite is

spoon-shaped, with various processes in the interior of the cavity.

The external margin of the coxite is graduated like steps and ter-

minated by a long slender lamella lying close to the corresponding

lamella of the other side. The third type of anterior gonopods is

represented by Julomorpha celer, cicur, and rudis, where the seminal

duct does not open as a wide pouch, but as a narrow canal; the coxa is

wide and rounded. I have not been able hitherto to detect a coxal

gland.

Posterior gonopods: sternite and tracheal stalks fused. The

gonopod is a little 1-jointed stump. We can distinguish two types.

In the first, represented by Julomorpha kinbergi, fortis, ignavus,

hilaris, and concors, the whole gonopod is straight and both gonopods

are parallel; the terminal pad has a little tooth on the median side.

In the second type, viz. in celer, cicur, rixosus, rudis, tardus, and

tristus, the gonopods are a little divergent in their distal half and the

terminal pad has no tooth on the inner side. The long tooth on the

outer side is the same in both types.

The species are so similar in appearance that it is for the most

314 Annals of the South African Museum.

part impossible to distinguish the females. To avoid repetition I

will give a full description of only one species, J. kinbergi, referring

to this as regards all points not dealt with in the rest of the diagnoses.

Besides the South African species mentioned here there are in the

literature three species of Julomorpha: two from Queensland and

one from the Philippines ; only females, however, are described, and

it is very probable that they do not belong to Julomorpha in the sense

adopted here.

Key to the Genus Julomorpha, subgen. Julomorpha sens. strict.

la. Lateral margin of coxite of anterior gonopods step-like. The slender terminal

lamellae of the two coxites lie close together and are far exceeded by the

telopodite. Telopodite trowel- or spoon-shaped : 2.

2a. On the inner side of the terminal pad of the posterior ponupods a little sooth

Large denticulate or fringed lobes in cavity of telopodite of anterior

gonopods. Transverse suture replaced by a shallow depression with

longitudinal furrows. Dorsum black ; : : (5) concors n. sp.

2b. Posterior gonopods without inner tooth. Cavity of telopodite densely

covered with little bristles or spines. Transverse suture normal. Dorsum

with a broad, yellowish, longitudinal band : : (6) rizosa n. sp.

1b. Coxite of anterior gonopod broad, rounded, with various lobes, etc., but

without a slender terminal lamella lying close to that of the opposite side 3.

3a. On inner side of terminal pads of posterior gonopods a little tooth ; the whole

gonopod straight. Coxite of anterior gonopod with various lobes . 4.

4a. At tip of telopodite of anterior gonopod no denticulate inner lobe and no

long spine . : : ‘ (1) kinbergi Por.

4b. Telopodite of anterior Bosonods bears a piendes spine, besides the bristled

cone and a denticulate lobe . : : ‘ : a @&

5a. The bristled cone exceeds the small contral spine. The denticulate lobe is

represented only by a swollen eminence at the base of the central spine

(3) hilaris n. sp.

5b. Bristled cone and central spine equalin length . : 2 > | &,

6a. Denticulate lobe of telopodite directed straight eae Central spine

without lateral teeth. Lateral lobe of coxite more sinuate

(2) fortis n. sp.

6b. Denticulate lobe turned outwards; central spine with some lateral teeth.

Lateral lobe of coxite very slightly sinuate F (4) ignava n. sp.

3b. Terminal pad of posterior gonopods without inner tooth. Distal halves of

posterior gonopods somewhat divergent. Coxite of anterior gonopod

simply broad and rounded. : : : : Ba Le

7a. Deepened margin of anal valves finely edeed (g anoneds as in cicur)

(7) celer n. sp.

7b. Deepened margin of anal valves not edged . é ; : eS

8a. Seen from aboral side, telopodite of anterior gonopods is a brow plate without

a prominent ramus : : . (8) tristis n. sp.

8b. Telopodite of anterior ORG TERE tea a Soator. prominent ramus on the

outer side which is also visible from the aboral side 6 : > «oh

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 315

9a. This ramus has one point : : ; ‘ ; (9) tarda n. sp.

9b. Ramus has two points. : : lO:

10a. The deep sinus between the median trstled iemeliae Bid the lateral branch

of the telopodite of anterior gonopods is visible from the aboral side. The

posterior gonopod develops a rounded, hairy shoulder before turning

outwards. : 6 : (10) cieur n. sp.

106. The lateral branch rises fon the oral plane: so that no sinus is visible on the

aboral side. The inner margin of the posterior gonopods has no shoulder,

but passes gradually into the distal outwardly directed part

(11) rudis n. sp.

170. (1) Julomorpha kinbergi Por.

1872. Julomorpha kinbergi Porat, Myr. Afr. Aust., Ofvers. Vet. Ak.

Forh., p. 13.

1907. Julomorpha kinbergi Attems, Myr. Deutsch. Siidpol. Exp.,

p- 429.

1909. Julomorpha schultzec Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 37.

(Pl. X, figs. 236-238.)

Colour black: the posterior half of the metasomite whitish and

transparent, the sides with brown mottling. Head and collum dark

brown with lighter mottling. Vertex black between the eyes.

Antennae dark brown, legs yellowish-brown, anal valves brown. 4,

49-56 segments ; width 2 mm

Anterior margin of labrum weakly sinuate, the three teeth short

and blunt. Eyes rounded, the ocelli not numerous; the eyes sur-

pass but little the inner base of antennae, consequently they are wide

apart. Vertex line sharp. No bristles on the vertex. Antennae

short, the tips but little swollen. Mandible with seven comb-

lamellae ; the principal tooth is relatively short and blunt and bears

1-2 lateral lobes. Tooth-plate with three short, broad, and blunt teeth;

the first of them 2-lobed. Promentum of the gnathochilarium broad

at the base. The corners rounded, the apex pointed ; the lamellae

linguales not completely separated by the promentum but touching

one another. Stipites with a longitudinal row of seven strong bristles.

Collum equal in both~ sexes, the sides symmetrically narrowed.

Covered part of prosomite with several concentric furrows, meta-

somites on the ventral surface with longitudinal furrows, passing in

a curve into the transverse suture. Dorsal surface smooth, a fine

polygonal reticulation only visible under the microscope. No hairs

on the metasomites. The transverse suture distinct ; the little pores

beginning on the sixth segment in the middle of the black part of the

316 Annals of the South African Museum.

metasomite ; the segment before the anal segment is without pores.

Dorsal margin of anal segment rounded ; the valves strongly raised,

the inner margin deepened but without border. The scale broadly

arched. The whole anal segment shiny. Sternites smooth. The

femur of the anterior legs of 3 has a pad like the tarsi of many Juloidea.

S, first pair of legs: sternite large and undivided ; coxae are fused

with the sternite, but the sutures remain visible. The oral side of

the second joint is somewhat excavated and bears a rounded lobe at

its base. The third, fourth, and fifth joints are cylindrical, the last

(fifth) is clawless and seems to have consisted originally of two joints,

the dense cellular and glandular mass being present only in the first

two-thirds, the tip contrasting clearly, but there is no suture. The

intercalar plates are small, but strongly armoured. The sternite of the

second pair of legs is small and fused with the tracheal stalks. The

bases of the coxae are widened. The leg has six joints. The bi-

partite penis behind the second pair of legs is long.

Anterior pair of gonopods (figs. 236-238) : the sternite is fused with

the tracheal stalks ; this piece is connected by a membrane with the

two gonopods. Each gonopod is 2-jointed, the coxite (Co) is a long

and broad folded leaf equal in length to the telopodite ; the margin

in part broadly rounded, with several short teeth on the terminal

margin. The telopodite (Yel) is triangular and bears a field of strong

bristles near the tip. The basal cavity (B), the seminal duct (sd)

and seminal pouch (sp) very distinct (fig. 238). Posterior gono-

pods: the gonopod is straight, the terminal rounded pad has a sharp

tooth on the outer side, and a blunt tooth covered and half concealed

by strong bristles on the inner side.

The gonopods of J. kinbergi, ignava, fortis, and hilaris are very similar,

and are characterised by the large pouch on the telopodite of the

anterior gonopods into which opens the seminal duct. As regards

the tip of the telopodite we see a gradation in these species. In

J. kinbergz this tip is a cone with a field of bristles on the oral side.

In J. hilaris we find in addition a little curved, sharp spine whose

base is raised and denticulate. In J. fortis and J. ignava the spine

in the middle is large, equal in length to the bristled cone, and the

denticulate eminence at the base of the spine becomes a separate

denticulate lobe, straight and prominent in J. fortis, turned laterally in

J. ignava.

Newlands, Table Mt. (7657); Signal Hill (7645); Table Mt. (B.

2227); Worcester (14646), Cape. It was recorded before from

Simonstown and Cape Flats, Cape.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 317

171. (2) Julomorpha fortis n. sp.

(Pl. X, figs. 239-242.)

3, 59-63 segments ; width 2°5 mm. Black.

The margin of the anal valves is somewhat bordered, not as distinctly

asin J. celer; there is, however, a difference from J. kinbergi. Gono-

pods: the coxite of anterior gonopods (figs. 239-240) is a laterally

compressed, hollow leaf-like structure with a broad, rounded lobe ;

at the tip a slender branch (n) whose surface has the same scale-like

structure as the anterior gonopods of the Palaearctic Julus. The

telopodite (Tel) has three terminal branches: a denticulate straight

lobe (e), a slender curved spine (f) without lateral teeth, and a bristled

cone (g). On the interior surface of the telopodite we see very dis-

tinctly the basal rounded cavity, the seminal duct, and the long

seminal pouch (fig. 242). Posterior gonopods (fig. 241) straight,

parallel. The tooth on the inner side of the pad is nearly concealed

by the numerous bristles. The lateral tooth is long and clearly

exceeds the pad and the inner tooth.

Cape Peninsula (2323), Cape.

172. (3) Julomorpha hilaris nu. sp.

(Pl. X, figs. 254-255.)

3, 53 segments ; width 2-5 mm.

The margins of the anal valves not bordered. The coxite of the

anterior gonopods (fig. 255) is distinguished from that of J. 7gnava and

fortis in that the terminal lobe (n) has no scale-like structure, and that

seen in profile it does not appear in front of the outer lobe, but on

the inside.. The bristled cone (g) of the telopodite is large and long,

the little curved spine (f) in the middle extends as far as the middle

of the bristled cone, at its base is a swollen denticulate eminence

instead of the denticulate lobe (e). Posterior gonopods equal to those

of J. kinbergi.

Table Mt. (4095), Cape.

173. (4) Julomorpha iqnava n. sp.

(Pl. XI, figs. 265-268.)

3, 60 segments; width 3 mm.

Anal valves not bordered. Identical with J. fortis as regards the

external features. The terminal lobe of the coxite of the anterior

318 Annals of the South African Museum.

gonopods is visible in profile (fig. 267) in front of the outer lobe, and

its aboral side has the scale-like structure of Julus (fig. 268). The

bristled cone (g) of the telopodite is remarkably pointed, the bristles

nearly all arranged inasingle regular row. The spine (f) in the middle

is nearly as long as the bristled cone, and bears several little lateral

teeth in its basal half. The denticulate lobe (e) is broad and turned

outwards (figs. 265, 266). Posterior gonopods as in J. kinbergi.

St. James (B. 957), Kalk Bay (150114, 150120, 150197), Cape.

174. (5) Julomorpha concors nu. sp.

(Pl. XI, figs. 260-264.)

$ width 1-8 mm. Number of segments unknown. No uninjured

3 in the collection. Colour dark brown; the legs, anal valves, and

clypeus yellowish.

The transverse suture is represented on the dorsum and sides by

a shallow depression with short longitudinal furrows ; on the ventral

side the suture is normal and linear ; in front of the pore the row of

little furrows is bent forwards. Gonopods very similar to those of

J. rizosa. The external margin of the coxite (Co, figs. 260, 261)

indented twice, like two steps. The narrow terminal lobe is shorter ~

than in J. rizosa and not divided, the telopodite far surpasses the

coxite. The telopodite (figs. 262, 263) boat-shaped; the cavity,

turned inwards, contains a number of slender lobes, some fringed,

some with a smooth margin, and a number of spines. On the outer

side a row of spines. Posterior gonopods (fig. 264): the median

pad is fairly broad, bears a tooth on the inner side, and is surpassed

by the long and very pointed lateral tooth.

Hogsback (B. 808), Cape.

175. (6) Julomorpha rixosa n. sp.

(Pl. X, figs. 243-246.)

In colour it differs somewhat from the other species in having a

broad, longitudinal, yellowish band on the dorsum, the rest of dorsum

dark chestnut. <¢, 60 segments; width 2 mm.

Anal valves not bordered; the transverse suture normal on the

dorsum. Gonopods: the coxite of the anterior gonopods (fig. 244

Co) is abruptly narrowed after the basal third; the terminal lobe

is divided by a sinus into two lamellae, a longer aboral one and a

shorter anterior one. The telopodite (Tel, figs. 243-245) far surpasses

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 319

the coxite. The telopodite is spoon-shaped as in J. concors; the

aboral margin bears a row of strong bristles; the cavity is beset

with short and blunt spines ; at the tip are several little pointed cones.

I was not able to detect a'seminal duct, but having only one example

I will not assert that it is wanting. Posterior gonopods (fig. 246) :

on the inner side no tooth; on the aboral side of the trunk several

adpressed hairs; the tooth on the outer side long. The whole

gonopod straight.

Hogsback (B. 808), Cape.

176. (7) Julomorpha celer n. sp.

(Pl. X, figs. 251-253.)

3, 52-54 segments; width 1-5 mm. Black or blackish-brown.

The deepened margin of the anal valve is distinctly bordered.

Gonopods very similar to those of J. cicur. The deep sinus between

the inner bristled plate (m) and the outer branch (1) of the telopodite

of the anterior gonopod (figs. 251, 252) is visible from behind. The

outer branch surpasses the coxite (co), is curved inwards, and bears a

pointed tooth on the outer side. The distal halves of the posterior

gonopods (fig. 253) are divergent, the basal part straight, passing

gradually and convexly into the distal outwardly directed part with-

out forming a shoulder. No tooth on the inner side of the pad. The

lateral tooth blunt.

Steenbrass River, Caledon Div. (2332); Hottentots Holland

(7315) ; Houw Hoek, Caledon (7352, 7619); all Cape.

177. (8) Julomorpha tristis nu. sp.

(Pl. XI, figs. 269-271.)

3, 56 segments; width 1-3 mm. Dark brown, nearly black, the

legs yellowish.

Margin of anal valves not bordered. Gonopods as a whole short

and broad. The coxite of the anterior gonopods is a rounded, oblique,

inwardly directed lobe (fig. 269). The telopodite is a broad, leaf-

like structure ; on the terminal margin a curved, pointed lobe in the

shape of an S (a), a row of strong bristles and a group of curved

bristles ; the terminal lobe finely striated. The cavity, surrounded

by slender fringes, and the seminal duct, opening in a cup with thin

walls, are distinct (fig. 270). Posterior gonopods: the distal half

turned a little outwards, the two gonopods consequently divergent ;

320 Annals of the South African Museum.

the inner margin with numerous hairs, no shoulder. The lateral

tooth short, no tooth on the inner side (fig. 271).

Ceres (7521), Cape.

178. (9) Julomorpha tarda un. sp.

(Pl. X, fig. 256; Pl. XI, figs. 257-259.)

$, 48 segments; width 1-3 mm. Colour dark brown, the pos-

terior half of metasomites transparent; clypeus, antennae, and legs

yellowish-brown. ;

The deepened margin of the anal valves finely bordered. The

coxite of the anterior gonopod (fig. 259) is a broad plate without

peculiarities. On the inner side a bristle. The telopodite is a moder-

ately broad leaf seen from the side, and narrow seen from behind,

with several strong bristles ; on the inner side a slender, pointed lobe

(7) is detached. The seminal duct (sd), whose beginning is the same

as in the related species, opens in a cup with weak, finely striated

walls. The posterior gonopods are slightly bent outwards from the

middle ; the tooth on the outer side is strong but blunt ; no tooth on

the inner side, but several strong bristles (figs. 256-258).

Brand Vlei, Worcester Div. (1692), Cape.

179. (10) Julomorpha cicur n. sp.

(Pl. X, figs. 247-250.)

S, 51-55 segments; width 1:5 mm. Black.

Deepened margin of anal valves not bordered. Coxite of anterior

gonopod broad, rounded, and obliquely truncated. Telopodite

divided into two branches by a deep sinus extending as far as the

middle ; the median (m) one is simply rounded; the seminal duct ~

runs along its anterior surface; it is strongly bristled. The lateral

branch (1) bears on the outer side near the rounded tip a slender and

pointed tooth (figs. 247 and 248). Posterior gonopods: the basal

parts of the two gonopods are parallel and end in a rounded, hairy

shoulder (p); the distal parts with the pads, etc., are directed some-

what obliquely and outwardly. The pad is long and narrow, the

lateral tooth long; no tooth on the inner side (figs. 249-250).

Caledon (14657), Cape.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 32]

180. (11) Julomorpha rudis un. sp.

(Pl. XI, figs. 272-274.)

3, 54 segments; width 1-6 mm. Dark brown.

Margin of anal valves not bordered. Coxite of anterior gonopods

(Co, figs. 272, 273) a broad, rounded plate, with a little lobe on the

outer side at the tip. The telopodite also broad; from the outer

margin a slightly curved 2-pointed branch is detached ; on the inner

side are two rows of bristles (fig. 272). Posterior gonopods divergent

from the middle; the lateral tooth does not surpass the pad. No

tooth on the inner side (fig. 274).

Swellendam (7653), Cape.

2. Subgen. HYPOCHLORELLA nov.

The posterior gonopods have no median prominent pad, but are

hollowed out like a little cup. The body is not pigmented but pale.

The eyes are few, and arranged in a triangle. All other characters

are the same as in the subgenus Julomorpha.

181. Julomorpha (Hypochlorella) pallida n. sp.

(Pl. XX, figs. 495-497.)

Colour whitish or pale yellow (the original colour probably a little

altered by the alcohol), the eyes dark brown. 4g, 55 segments;

width 1-4 mm.; long and slender.

Labral sinus shallow; three distinct but short and blunt teeth.

Antennae of medium size, moderately incrassate ; 12 ocelli arranged

in a triangle, the point of the triangle directed forwards, the rows a

little irregular. Cheeks of the $ quadrate, the angles rounded, the

borders thickened. Metasomites hairless, very smooth and shiny,

longitudinally striated on the ventral side, the furrows spaced and

regular. Pores beginning on the sixth segment. Dorsal margin of

the anal segment evenly truncate; anal valves without marginal

thickening ; with two bristles. The first pairs of legs 5-jointed, the

second joint with a rounded lobe; the shape of the whole leg like

that of J. kinbergz Por.

Gonopods: the sternite is a broad, strong plate, completely fused

with the tracheal stalks. The anterior gonopods (figs. 495, 496) are

2-jointed. The coxite with a long process, surpassing the telopodite

a little. The process has the shape of a boat, the bow turned upwards

VOL. XXVI. 21

322 Annals of the South African Museum.

or to the aboral side in the natural position of rest. Near the base

are some bristles. The telopodite is broad basally and has the same

round cavity as in Julomorpha, but the margins of this cavity are not

beset with fringes. The distal part is narrowed and beset with small

spines. The tip is rounded. The posterior gonopods (fig. 497) are

1-jointed little stumps, the tip hollowed out, cup-like ; the internal

wall is beset with some long bristles, the lateral wall forms a pointed

prominence.

River Zonder End, one ¢ (B. 5266), Cape.

Sub-suborder SPIROSTREPTOIDEAE Cook.

1895. Suborder Spirostreptoidea Cook, Ann. N. York Ac. Sci., ix,

10s De

1896. Fam. Spirostreptidae Silvestri, I Diplopodi, p. 54.

1909. Fam. Spirostreptidae Pocock, Biol. Centr. Amer., p. 90.

1914. Order Spirostreptordea Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr., Chun, Bibl.

Zool., Hefte 65, 66.

1914. Order Spirostreptordea Attems, Indo-Austral. Myr., p. 287.

1926. Sub-suborder Spirostreptoideae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb.

ols Aoolli ing io IBM:

Gnathochilarium with large duplomentum, separating the lamellae

linguales only for a short distance basally, the lamellae being con-

tiguous for the largest part of their median borders. Praebasilare not

divided. The stipites narrowed in their basal part and reaching up to

the posterior margin of the duplomentum, thus surrounding the latter

laterally. The gonopods consisting in the first pair of appendages of

the seventh segment, the second pair of appendages of this segment

wanting completely (Spzrostreptidea) or only the sternite present

(Odontopygidea). The telopodite of the gonopods included in a tube

formed by the coxa. The prostate (coxal) gland opens in the coxa on

the “ stylet prostatique ” (Brélemann), and the secretion is conducted

further by a canal in the telopodite, the prostate canal. The sternite

of the gonopods is always present. The postfemur and tibia of the

male legs generally padded, the tarsus never padded. The sides of

the collum of the g generally modified, enlarged, the angles lobed.

The first pair of legs of the $ not modified, equal to the second pair.

The coxae of the anterior legs without special apophyses. Trans-

verse suture generally well developed.

We are greatly indebted to Brélemann, who, by his discoveries, has

largely advanced our knowledge of the gonopods of the Spirostreptids.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 323

He studied the development of the gonopods in different stages and

proved that only the first pair of appendages of the seventh segment

becomes the gonopods, whilst the buds of the second pair of append-

ages, present in very young stages, disappear gradually in the

course of development. In the Spirostreptidea this pair disappears

completely, also the sternite; in the Odontopygidea the sternite

remains.

The first paper of Brdlemann (1916) on this subject was not a full

proof of his views, because the question of the opening of the coxal

or prostate gland was not settled. He believed that this gland

opened in the long slender cylinder included in the tube, and this

cylinder is now recognised as the praefemur, the basal part of the

telopodite. Now, the supposition that the duct opened in the telo-

podite, omitting the coxa, was inadmissible. Brdlemann solved this

difficulty and proved that the gland opens not directly in the telo-

podite, but in the wall of the tube or in the coxa by a protuberance,

called by him “ stylet prostatique,” and that the point of this pro-

tuberance only is inserted in the base of the canal contained in the

telopodite, the prostate canal. Broélemann calls this canal “ rainure

seminale”’ (e.g. Afrique Orientale, p. 80) a confused terminology

with which I cannot agree. The term sperm canal (Samenrinne) was

introduced by me for the canal in the telopodite of the Polydesmoidea,

which has nothing to do with the coxal (prostate) gland, not existing

in the Polydesmids. This canal in the Polydesmids really conducts

the sperm from the large basal groove receiving the sperm out of the

genital opening, to the apex of the tibial process or to the sperm

vesicle. The canal in the telopodite of the Julid gonopods is quite

another thing; it conducts the secretion of the coxal (prostate)

gland and not the sperm, and cannot be called sperm canal.

The discovery of Brélemann necessitates a new nomenclature of

the parts of the gonopods. The former “ anterior gonopod” is now

the coxite, and the former “ posterior gonopod ” is now the telopodite.

In the telopodite of the suborder Sprrostreptidea we cannot dis-

tinguish a clear segmentation ; in the Odontopygidea, on the contrary,

we can distinguish four segments. Brélemann* gives the homology

of these segments. I propose a slight change, namely, to call the

long slender part contained in the sheath of the coxite praefemur ;

the division between the praefemur and femur is clear only in the

Odontopygidea. The femur generally bears a long spine or a broad

* Brélemann, Myriapodes in: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique

Orientale, 1920.

324 Annals of the South African Museum.

lappet in both suborders. The femur and the tibia of the Odonto-

pygidea are separated by a constriction. The tibia consists of a

short trunk bearing a long process, the tibial process, with the

prostate canal ; besides this the tibia bears the well-developed tarsus.

It seems that in the Spirostreptidea the whole terminal part with

the prostate canal is homologous only with the tibia and tibial pro-

cess of the Odontopygidea. Only in a few species do we see a little

lateral arm or lappet near the tip, probably homologous with the

tarsus.

The distribution of the Spzrostreptordea is very interesting, and

demonstrates the close relationship between Africa and South America,

a number of genera and subgenera being common to both countries.

The development was probably as follows: in the Antarctic continent

forms first arose similar to the family Spirostreptidae and came from

this continent to Africa and to South America. In Africa the Har-

pagophoridae arose and attained the Indo-Australian Region by the

Indo-Madagascar bridge, where several genera took form. After

the abolition of the connections between India and Africa and South

America and Africa the Odontopygidea arose in Africa. They did not

get further than Madagascar. The presence of one species of Trachy-

streptind in the Carolines (Indo-Australian Region) must be re-examined,

this genus bemg somewhat dubious. From the Ethiopian Region few

species reached the Mediterranean subregion.

The following tabular view (p. 325) demonstrates the distribution.

The genera represented in South Africa are in italics.

Superfam. SPIROSTREPTIDEAE Attems.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 9.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 52.

1926. Superfam. Spzrostreptideae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d.

Zool., iv, p. 198.

First sternite of seventh somite of the g developed, second not

present. Telopodites of the gonopods bent outwards (laterally) when

leaving the canal of the coxite. Femoral spine often present. Telo-

podite of gonopod simpler than in the Odontopygidea, the tarsus

generally completely wanting. Posterior margin of the metasomites

without fringes. Praebasilare equal in both sexes. Mentum gener-

ally not hollowed out. Anal valves without dorsal spines.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA AND HIGHER GROUPS OF

SPIROSTREPTOIDEA.

Suborder Spirostreptidea

i. Fam. Spirostreptidae

1. Subtam. Spirostreptinae .

1. Tribe Spirostreptini

1. Genus Spirostreptus

Subgen. Spirostreptus .

Subgen. Macrolenostreptus .

Subgen. Epistreptus

Subgen. Cladostreptus.

2. Gen. Scaphiostreptus

Subgen. Scaphiostreptus

Subgen. Odontostreptus

3. Gen. Charactopygus

4. Gen. Doratogonus

Subgen. Doratogonus

Subgen. Otostreptus

5. Gen. Alloporus

6. Gen. Plusioporus

7. Gen. Ophistreptus .

8. Gen. Pemptoporus .

9. Gen. Autostreptus .

. Gen. Metriostreptus

. Gen. Urotropis

. Gen. Obelostreptus

. Gen. Bicoxidens ;

. Gen. Synophryostreptus .

5. Gen. Camaricoproctus

. Gen. Globanus

. Gen. Kariinikus

. Gen. Aulonopygus

19. Gen. Gymnostreptus

Subgen. Gymnostreptus

Subgen. Orthoporus

Subgen. Diaporus

20. Gen. Mardonius

21. Gen. Eumekius

22. Gen. Nanostreptus

23. Gen. Stenostreptus

24. Gen. Trichogonostreptus

2. Tribe Trachystreptini

2. Subfam. T'riaenostreptinae

2. Fam. Harpagophoridae

sen. Harpagophora

Gen. Poratophilus

Gen. Thyropygus

Gen. Ktenostreptus

Gen. Rhynchoproctus .

Gen. Eremobelus

Gen. Anurostreptus

Gen. Phyllogonostreptus

Gen. Stenurostreptus .

Suborder Odontopygidea

Morocco,

Syria.

Ethiopian Region.

Africa. Mada,

gascar.

ar ar

ar ae

aa a

cea ak

ar SF

He se

=F 4-

ar sr

a sr

ah ce

ap he

nie a

ae les

Sane:

AF oa

a SF

South

America.

+4+4++ 4+

++4+

> +++

* One doubtful species in the Carolines.

325

Indo-

Austral.

Region.

$4+4+--+++

326 Annals of the South African Museum.

1. Fam. SPIROSTREPTIDAE Attems.

1909. Attems, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 156.

1909. Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., p. 35.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 40.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 53.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 198.

The gonocoel opens on the oral or median side; the lateral leaf of

the gonopod-coxite les for its whole length in front of the median-

(on its oral side). The telopodite of the gonopod occasionally ending

in a plate, but this plate never spinose. Anal segment without

prominent tail. Collum with one or more strong, curved folds.

1. Subfam. SPIROSTREPTINAE Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 53.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 198.

The prostate duct in the gonopod is not forked, but opens simply

at the tip of the gonopod. The median leaf of the coxite of the

gonopod is bent outwards only at its base, and this collar tapers

eradually.

1. Tribe Spirostreptina Attems.

1909. Subfam. Sprrostreptinae Attems, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 157.

1909. Subfam. Spirostreptinae Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise,

p. 40.

1914. Tribe Spzrostreptind Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 54.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 198.

Metasomites smooth or weakly sculptured, never strongly keeled.

Diameter of prosomites and metasomites equal or changing but little

and gradually.

Key to the Genera of Spirostreptinz.

la. Gonopods with one or two femoral spines . : : 2 é jane2e

2a. Foramina repugnatoria beginning from the sixth segment . ¢ 5 6h

3a. Femoral spine rising distally to the femoral knee (JJetriostreptus has four little

spines besides the femoral spine) . é : eae

4a. The femorite of gonopods bears two little spines in front a and two spines

on the knee; the femoral spine distal to the knee. Prosomites without.

ringed lines ; border of anal valves without margination and furrow

Metriostreptus Silv.

4b.

4c.

9b.

10a.

106.

lla.

116.

12a.

126.

13a.

130.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 327

Two spines or lobes on the extremity of the femur of the gonopod. On the

knee no spine. Border of anal valves separated by a small furrow from the

margination. Prosomites with ringed lines. . Bicoxidens nov. gen.

The gonopod femur bears only one spine at some distance from the knee

and from the passage in the telopodite. Prosomites generally with ringed

lines : : : 4B

. Border of anal valves domerated by a small nee front the thick margination

Charactopygus 8. and Z.

. Margination of both anal valves, if present, immediately contiguous ot Gs

. Telopodite of gonopods slender and cylindrical, and bearing-a lateral spine

Doratogonus Att. 7

Lobe of collum of ¢ broad and triangular; femoral spine strongly curved

and nearly as long as the telopodite : . subgen. Doratogonus Att.

. Collum with long rod-like process ; femoral spine short, nearly straight

subgen. Otostreptus Att.

. Telopodite of gonopods without lateral spine, slender or with broad lamellar

TMS! ss & 5 ye at

. Telopodite of pononeds blender! arionaated recall, stints lamellar rims or

with only very narrow borders, not forming a terminal plate

Spirostreptus Brandt-Attems.

. Telopodite of gonopod with more or less broad rims, forming a terminal plate ;

the slender canal branch rises out of this plate . Scaphiostreptus Brél.

. Femoral spine rising from the knee or just before the knee. i iO:

. Median half of lateral lamellae of gonopod-coxite covered with hairs to the base.

Extremity of gonopod-coxite cap-like and turned inwards. Extremity of

gonopod simple, not divided 3 : . Stenostreptus Carl.

Lateral lamellae of gonopod-coxite caver with hairs only in distal part.

Extremity of gonopod-coxite turned outwards and not cap-like. Gonopod

telopodite with a lateral branch or lamella 5 4 : 5 5) AKO:

Anal segment with a median keel ‘ : : 5 . Urotropis Silv.

Anal segment without a median keel . : : : ; oneal

Femoral spine in the same axis as the basal part of the coe remote from the

telopodite. On the extremity of the femur of the gonopod a large plate

and a curved spine ; telopodite with very broad lamellar rims ; gonopod-

coxite without lateral cones . : : : Obeinet eptus Att.

Femoral spine parallel to the femur ; felopedite cylindrical, without or with

very narrow rims . : : : : : 6 los

Anal valves without margination; transverse suture obsolete dorsally.

Fourth joint of legs padded; fifth joint not padded. The femoral spine

rising from the outer side of the curve. : . Globanus Att.

Anal valves with margination. Transverse ste dorsally distinct. Fourth

and fifth joints of the legs padded . é pels:

Margination of anal valves not separated Eve a ew Ft the border.

Femoral spine rising from the anterior side, not from the outer side of the

curve (at the beginning of the telopodite a little acute spine)

Synophryostreptus nov. gen.

Margination of anal valves separated by a small furrow from the border.

Femoral spine rising from the outer side of the curve : : =, La:

328

14a.

146.

205.

198.

Annals of the South African Museum.

No spine or lobe on the extremity of the femur. Lateral leaf of the gonopod-

coxite simply rounded. Metasomites with yellow punctures

Kartinikus Att.

At the extremity of the femur a strong spine. Lateral leaf of gonopod-coxite

with a long spine at the extremity. Yellow punctures of metasomites not

visible 3 : : Aulonopygus Att.

. Foramina tepuaatena pesinnine at tite fifth segment . : : 5 ILS,

. Praebasilare of § only laterally chitinised, the remaining part membranous.

Only the fifth joint of legs padded . f : Autostreptus Silv.

. Praebasilare wholly chitinised. Fourth and fifth homie of legs padded . 16.

. Telopodite of gonopod with long lateral fringes in the distal half

Trichogonostreptus Carl.

. Telopodite without lateral fringes . : 3 : o We

. Telopodite of gonopods with broad iamnellag rims . ass

. Femoral spine very long, nearly as long as the telopodite aaa parallel to it

(South America) . 2 : : : : : Pemptoporus Att.

. Femoral spine short . : : oI):

. Femoral spine commencing distally to, the ieee, Vara walees with thickened

border : : : : : : : : 6 = 20:

. Femoral spine Sean The tip of the lateral lamella of the coxite is a

straight, bristled cone. The tip of the telopodite has lamellar rims but it is

not trowel-shaped. : : ; ‘Nesostreptus Att.

Femoral spine curved round the telopodite: The tip of lateral lamella is

rounded, not bristled. The tip of the telopodite is trowel-shaped, the

slender channel-branch rising out of this trowel 5 Ophistreptus Silv.

Femoral spine commencing in front of the knee, and directed in the same

direction as the praefemur. Anal valves wholly without thickening

Camaricoproctus nov. gen.

. Telopodite of gonopod slender, without or with small lamellar rims through-

out a part of its length, the rest cylindrical . : : Gilt

. Telopodite of gonopods with a long lateral spine close to ite extremity

Alloporus Por.

. Telopodite without lateral spine. : é : f Plusioporus Silv.

. Gonopods without femoral spine é 5 : 5

. Foramina repugnatoria beginning at the fifth sepinent (South America)

Gymmnostreptus subgen. Diaporus Silv.

. Foramina repugnatoria beginning at the sixth segment : . 23.

. Median leaf of gonopod-coxite not very highly raised, nearly always with

large lateral cones. Telopodite with broad lamellar borders along its whole

length, or with a large spine or plate-like appendage : . 24,

. Telopodite slender, bearing a large spine or plate-like an pence (South

America) - - 2 Gymnostreptus subgen. Gymmnostreptus.

. Telopodite through its soar length with broad lamellar rims (South America,

Africa) : : : Gymnostreptus subgen. Orthoporus.

. Median leaf of gonapad: hasite highly raised, without lateral cone. Telopodite

of gonopod slender, without lateral spines, etc. ; : - ESD:

. Femur of gonopods with a lobe or spine at end . : . Mardonius Att.

. Femur without such an appendage . : : E . Eumekius Act.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 329

Gen. SPIROSTREPTUS Brandt.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr., p. 56.

Subgen. SPirOSTREPTUS Att.

1914. Attems, loc. cit., p. 56.

182. Spirostreptus semilunares Pet.

1855. Spirostreptus semilunaris Peters, Mon. Ber. Ak. Berlin, p. 76.

1862. Spirostreptus semilunaris Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossam-

bique, p. 541, pl. xxxiv, fig. 4.

1896. Spirostreptus macrotis Attems, Stuhlmann’s Reise, p. 27, fig. 9.

1914. Sprrostreptus semilunaris Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr., p. 59.

Mozambique, South of Zambesi; Tette, Rios di Sena; Mozam-

bique, North of Zambesi ; Quilimane, East Africa.

Gen. BICOXIDENS nov.

At the extremity of the femur of the gonopod just before the curve

of the canal two spines or lobes. Telopodite slender, cylindrical,

without large lateral spines ; just in front of the apex a rounded lobe.

Medial leaf of gonopod-coxite with a thick rounded lobe instead of

the lateral cone and with an inwardly directed lobe. Lateral leaf

with an area of bristles. Foramina repugnatoria beginning on the

sixth segment. Anal valves with a thick margination, separated

from the internal border by a furrow as in Charactopygus. Scale

bent, flat. Collum without anterior lobe, with two or three curved

folds. Prosomite with the usual ringed lines. Metasomites ventrally

striated as usual. The yellow pits in 2-3 transverse rows. Suture

well developed. Legs of anterior and middle region with two pads.

Four supralabral pits. Stigma triangular, the outer border in the

same line as outer border of sternite.

The two species are separable by the following characters :—

Body black. Two spines on the femur of the gonopod. The inwardly directed

lobe at the extremity of the gonopod-coxite is short, rounded, and not crossed

by the lobe of the opposite side. : : : B. nigerrimus.

Prosomites yellowish, metasomites blackish- Breen: collum and dorsum of the

anterior 6-7 segments yellow. Femur of the gonopod with a spine and a

lobe. The lobe of the gonopod-coxite is very long and slender and crosses

the lobe of the opposite gonopod . : . 5 B. flavicollis n. sp.

183. Brcoxidens nigerrimus n. sp.

(Pl. XI, figs. 279-281.)

Colour black, legs and antennae deep reddish-brown or yellowish-

brown. g and 9, 55 segments; width 7-8 to 8:4 mm.

330 Annals of the South African Museum.

Labral sinus moderately deep; four supralabral pits. Anterior

part of clypeus wrinkled. Interocular line scarcely visible. Vertex

line very shallow. Interior angle of eyes extending a little further

inwards than the antennae; the single ocellus distinctly convex.

Collum of g practically without anterior lobe, the anterior angles

widely rounded. Two complete and one abbreviated fold next to

the furrow defining the border. Ringed lines of prosomite numerous

and regular. Longitudinal striation of metasomites somewhat irre-

gular and very fine, extending on the anterior segments up to the

foramen ; gradually further removed from the foramen on the follow-

ing segments. Suture well developed. Foramina at the junction of

anterior and middle third, the suture in front of them scarcely bent.

Visible part of prosomite and the whole metasomite dulled by a fine,

very dense punctuation. The yellow punctures in three rows. Dorsal

border of anal segment with a triangular bluntly keeled projection,

the beginning of a caudal process. Valves with a high margination

separated by a furrow from the internal border and accompanied by

a deep groove on the external side. The scale flat, curved. The

whole anal segment roughened by dense punctuation.

Sternites transversely striated in the middle, the borders soft, the

stigma not surpassing the border of the sternite. Fourth and fifth

joints of legs (with the exception of the last 14 or 15) with large pads.

Gonopods: the medial leaf bears instead of the lateral cones (fig. 281)

a thick rounded process passing inwards in the form of a more slender

lobe ; on the aboral side (fig. 280) a similar lobe separated by a sinus

from the first, and a third rounded short lobe on the external side.

The lateral leaf (Al) is densely bristled. In the middle of the lateral

border a large rounded lobe. The femur of the gonopod (figs. 279,

281) bears two teeth just before the curvature of the canal. The

whole telopodite is slender and cylindrical and bears a little lobe

before the extremity.

Salisbury (B. 3351); Bulawayo (3361), 8. Rhodesia.

184. Bicoxidens flavicollis n. sp.

(Pl. XI, figs. 275-278.)

Colour: head-plate greenish-black, antennae blackish, collar and

dorsum of the first 6-7 segments yellow, the posterior border of these

segments blackish. Metasomites and legs blackish-brown. Anal

segment yellowish, only the prominence of dorsal border dark brown.

3, 56 segments; width 6-7 to 7 mm.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. Bal

Labral sinus shallow; four supralabral pits, somewhat indistinct

on account of rough wrinkles. The whole head-plate with very dense

and fine pits. Interocular line not visible. Vertex line very shallow.

The internal ocular angle situated only a little further inwards than

the base of the antennae; the single ocellus distinctly convex. Collum

without anterior lobe ; anterior border forming a regular arch with

lateral border. Besides the border furrow there are three curved

folds. Ringed lines of prosomites running regularly round the seg-

ment. Longitudinal striae of metasomites somewhat irregular, some-

times oblique and intermixed with shorter ones. They extend almost

to the foramen. The foramen les nearly in the suture on the sixth

segment; on the following segments it becomes gradually more

distant and is situated nearly in the middle of the metasomite in the

hinder segments. The yellow pits in two regular rows. The dorsat

border of the anal segment forms a blunt angle, and in the middle of

this angle, not projecting beyond the anal valves, is a short, blunt

hook, the beginning of a caudal process. The valves have a margina-

tion accompanied laterally by a deep groove and internally by a

furrow separating them from the border. The anal scale with a

blunt angle. Sternites with a fine irregular sculpture. Stigma not

passing beyond the lateral border of sternite.

The anterior legs with a very small pad on the fourth and a larger

pad on the fifth joint. They stop a few segments behind the copu-

latory one. Gonopods: the coxite of the gonopods is distinguished

by a long, slender, oblique, backwardly and inwardly directed lobe

crossing the lobe of the opposite gonopod. They are distinctly

visible only from the aboral side (fig. 277) and appear completely

transverse in the drawing, while in reality they are oblique. We

find besides on the inside and outside a thick, rounded lobe. The

lateral leaf (Al) bears a blunt hatchet-like process on the inside.

The field of bristles extends from the outer border beyond the middle

(fig. 275). Telopodite of the gonopods (fig. 276): immediately

before the curve in the canal rises a thick conical spine (Cd) on the

internal side and a little rounded lobe (Cl), distal to this point; the

telopodite is slender and cylindrical, and becomes tape-like only

towards the extremity, which bears a rounded lateral lobe (fig. 278).

Umtali (13743), 8. Rhodesia.

Gen. DoratoGonus Attems.

1914, Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr., p. 105.

Femoral spine of gonopod moderately long (subgen. Otostreptus),

332 Annals of the South African Museum.

or very long (subgen. Doratogonus), and strongly curved or twisted

into a spiral, rising some distance from the knee. A femoral lobe

usually present. Telopodite long and slender, with a spine before

the tip (characteristic of this genus). Lateral leaf of gonopod

sometimes with a terminal claw, far surpassing the median leaf.

Lateral cone present or wanting. Pores beginning on the sixth

segment. Anterior angle of collum of g with a lobe, which reaches

its highest development in the subgen. Otostreptus. Prosomites

with concentric furrows, extending as far as the sternite, except in

D. multiannulatus, where there are short irregular striae. Metasomites

smooth or finely punctate. Transverse suture visible round the

whole segment. Yellow pits in one row, rarely in more than one.

Foramina repugnatoria beginning on the sixth segment. The legs

are padded from the third to the last pair. Four or (in D. stylzfer)

two supralabral pits. The stigma do not surpass the lateral margin

of the sternite.

East and South Africa, Madagascar.

1. Subgen. Doratoconus Attems.

i914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr., p. 106.

Labral sinus shallow or moderately deep; four supralabral pits.

Clypeus with fine and dense punctuation, in the fore part with shallow

wrinkles or short longitudinal furrows as well. Inner angle of the eye

surpassing base of antennae, the distance between the eyes greater

than diameter of an eye. Interocular and vertex line very weak.

Collum with lobe in the anterior angle, the sides of which are con-

vergent or nearly parallel; 2-3 curved folds.

Prosomites : the concentric furrows on the ventral surface of the

seventh segment of the g are somewhat irregular, passing obliquely to

the transverse suture. In D. setosus, and setosus uncinatus, they are

straight in this segment also. Free part of prosomite densely punc-

tured, the punctures mostly continued upon the fore part and some-

times on the whole of the metasomite ; the yellow pits in a single or

in several (two or more) irregular rows. Sternites smooth or with

fine transverse striae. Dorsal margin of anal segment rounded or

bluntly angular. The marginal thickening of the valves fairly high,

not accompanied on the outer side by a groove. The inner margin

without a furrow.

Gonopods: the tip of the gonopod-coxite is oblique or lobate and

more or less prominent; the long slender cone or the short thick

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 333

knob (if no lateral cone) bear usually an inwardly curved hook.

The lateral leaf generally bears a long claw, far surpassing the medial

leaf; the oral surface is covered with hairs ;. on the inner margin a

blunt process in D. flavifilis and capricornis similar to that of many

species of Alloporus. Telopodite of the gonopod with a long femoral

spine rising far from the knee, strongly curved, describing a whole

circle or more, the middle mostly enlarged. Telopodite generally

slender and cylindrical ; in the first half often with a narrow lamella,

the end rounded or with two hooks; before the tip a large slender

lateral spine.

Distribution.—South Africa, Mozambique, Central African Lakes.

Synopsis of the Subgen. Doratogonus.

la. Lateral leaf of gonopod-coxite with a pronged process on the inner side. The

yellow punctures of the metasomite arranged in a single row ; 5

2a. Lateral leaf of gonopod-coxite terminated by a short triangular lobe or a short

straight tooth surpassed by the median leaf. No en cone and no hook

on outer side . ‘ : ‘ : 1) flavifilis (Pet.).

2b. Lateral leaf terminated by a teen bent outwards and ee the median

leaf. A long lateral cone with a hook pres-nt . . (2) capricornis n. sp.

1b. Lateral leaf of gonopod-coxite without process on inner margin. Yellow punc-

tures of metasomite in an irregular zone of several rows : : 5 Bh

3a. Gonopod-coxite with a long slender lateral cone without hook. The furrows

on the concealed part of prosomite are short irregular striae

multiannulatus Carl.

3b. Gonopod-coxite without or with very short and thick lateral cones; in both

cases with a black hook. Concentric furrows of prosomite normal oh

4a. Median leaf of gonopod-coxite eel truncate at end. The legs annulated,

the joints being lighter . : ; . : (3) annulipes Carl.

4b, Median leaf broadly rounded and convex. 0.

5a. Lateral leaf of gonopod-coxite covered with hairs onlay in inter mallee Terminal

claw of lateral leaf exceeded by the long, rounded lamella of the median

leaf. Concentric furrows of seventh segment of ¢ irregular, meeting the

transverse suture. Lateral lamella on telopodite of gonopod rounded.

Legs yellow . 4 . . (4) wanthopus n. sp.

5b. Lateral leaf of gonopod- homite cored ain Rains from outer to inner margin,

terminal claw also partly hairy, and exceeding the rounded terminal margin

of median leaf. Concentric furrows of seventh segment of ¢ regular, not

meeting the transverse suture. Legs brown; the joints yellow . 0 &

6a. The lateral lamella of the telopodite of the Ronenoat: is rounded. The terminal

claw of the lateral leaf is straight and bears some hairs at its base

(5) setosus (Vog.).

6b. The lateral lamella of the telopodite is terminated by a curved tooth. The

terminal claw of the lateral leaf is twisted more than the basal half, and is

hairy : 3 : : 0 : (6) setosus uncinatus n. subsp.

334 Annals of the South African Museum.

185. (1) Doratogonus flavifilis (Pet.).

1855. Spirostreptus flavifilis Peters, Mon. Ber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, p. 77.

1862. Spirostreptus flavifilis Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossamb., p. 539.

1914. Doratogonus flavifilis Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr., p. 108, pl.

iv, figs. 88-89 ; pl. v, fig. 95.

(Pl. XI, fig. 285.)

Metasomites black or blackish-brown. The posterior margin

reddish-brown. Prosomites yellowish in the concealed part. An-

tennae and legs yellow or reddish-brown. 3, 62-63 segments ;

width 3-10 mm.

Labral sinus shallow and narrow. Four supralabral pits. Clypeus

with dense punctuation and short, shallow furrows. Frons and

vertex rough, but without distinct sculpture. Cheeks of 3 with large

broadly rounded lobe. Collum of g: the anterior angle forms a

little, rounded, forwardly directed lobe, the lateral margin oblique,

the marginal furrow not interrupted at the lobe in the anterior angle.

Two curved folds. In the female the anterior angle is a right angle

without lobe. Prosomites with numerous punctate concentric

furrows, passing straight as far as the sternite, the spaces between

them increasing gradually, the last space equal to two preceding

spaces and densely covered with fine and shallow pits, similar to the

whole metasomite. The yellow pits are small and arranged in a single

row. Pores somewhat in front of the middle; one specimen from

Masiene had one pore on the left side on the 5th segment. The

longitudinal furrows of the metasomite not reaching the pore. Dorsal

margin of the anal segment flatly convex, not angled. The border

of the anal valves relatively low and narrow. Sternites smooth, all

legs padded, the pads of the last pairs very small.

Gonopods: sternite V-shaped, with rounded apex ; internal margin

of medial leaf straight as far as the middle, then deeply sinuate ;

broadly rounded on the inner side and bearing a little tooth on the

outer side. On the lateral leaf two lobes, the one right-angled, the

second triangular; the tip densely covered with hairs and broadly

rounded (fig. 285). The coxal spine of the gonopod rises far from

the knee, is very large, the first two-thirds being straight, then en-

larged and hooked. The telepodite is broad ; the tip a short, straight

spine, the tip is hooked with a little protuberance.

Umtali, 8. Rhodesia (13741) ; Mozambique (1615) ; Masiene, Chai

Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (B. 6018) ; Mozambique Island, Cabaceira

Peninsula (Pet.),

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

185a. Doratogonus flavifilis armatus nu. subsp.

1914. Doratogonus flavifiis p. p. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr.,

pleiva nes Sie

Differing from D. flavifilis by having a pointed, straight tooth on

the internal angle of the lateral leaf of the gonopod-coxite.

Nyangao, Hast Africa.

When describing D. flavifilis in the Afrikan. Spirostreptiden Idoubted

whether the absence of this tooth in the specimens from Mozambique

and its presence in the specimens from East Africa was constant.

Now, after having seen more examples from Mozambique and Portu-

guese East Africa, all lacking this tooth, I believe that the specimens

from Nyangao must be a distinct subspecies. The typical specimens

of D. flavifilis Peters originated from Mozambique.

186. (2) Doratogonus capricoris n. sp.

(Pl. XI, figs. 282-284.)

Head, antennae, collum, and part of the dorsum of the first

3-4 segments and the prosomites dark reddish-brown. Metasomites

largest, black. 3, 57-58 segments; width 8-5-9-5 mm.

Labral sinus shallow. Four supralabral pits. Clypeus moderately

wrinkled and densely punctate. The inner angle of the eye slender

and pointed, surpassing the base of the antennae ; the ocelli, especially

the inner ones, flattened. The distance between the eyes greater than

the diameter of one eye. Interocular line very weak, vertex line very

fine, both meeting in a little pit. The lobe of the collum narrowed

and rounded, two complete and one abbreviated fold besides the

marginal furrows. The concentric furrows of the prosomite numerous,

straight, or sometimes anastomosing. On the seventh segment of

the g they are bent backwards on the ventral surface, meeting the

transverse suture. Visible part of the prosomite and anterior half

of the metasomite with fine and dense punctuation and wrinkles.

The posterior half of the metasomite smooth ; the very fine punctua-

tion visible only under the microscope. Pores before the middle.

Yellow pits in a single regular row. Longitudinal furrows of meta-

somite, as usual, not reaching the pore. Sternites with very fine and

shallow transverse striae.

Dorsal margin of the anal segment with blunt angle, separated by

two transverse folds. The valves strongly raised, the thickening

of the margin moderately high, not accompanied by a groove on the

336 Annals of the South African Museum.

outer side. The whole anal segment densely punctate. All the legs

except the first padded. Gonopods: gonopod-coxite with long and

slender lateral hooked cone (fig. 283). The lateral leaf (Al) ends

with a long, slender, outwardly curved hook far surpassing the medial

leaf; under this hook on the inner side is a toothed process similar

to that of D. flavifilis and most species of Alloporus. The flat surface

between this prominence and the rounded swelling bounding it on

the lateral side is covered with hairs. The femoral spine (fig.

284 Cd) of the gonopod describes a circle, is enlarged and band-like

in the middle. The tip is not hooked. The femoral lobe short.

The telopodite is slender, cylindrical ; the enlargement weakly indi-

cated at the beginning ; the tip is forked in the same manner as in

all allied species.

Krugersdorp, Transvaal (A. 23403).

187. (3) Doratogonus annulipes Carl.

1917. Doratogonus annulipes Carl, Spirostr. Nouv., Rev. Suisse

Zool., xxv, p. 402.

(Pl. XII, fig. 289.)

Colour brown or black, concealed part of metasomite yellowish or

reddish. Clypeus reddish-brown, lighter than the dorsum. Antennae

reddish-brown or annulated, the articulations lighter. Anal valves

black or yellowish. Legs reddish-brown. 4g, 60-64 segments; width,

in the fore part 7-8, in the middle 9 mm.

Labral sinus moderately deep; four or five supralabral pits.

Clypeus weakly wrinkled. Eyes and furrows of the head as in D.

setosus. Lobes in the anterior angles of the collum broadly truncate,

the sides convergent; two complete and one or two abbreviated

curved furrows besides the fine marginal furrow. The sculpture of

the segments lke that of D. setosus with the following differences :

the longitudinal furrows of the metasomite are weaker and not so

regular, but mixed with abbreviated furrows. The concentric furrows

of the seventh segment of the ¢ are irregular on the ventral surface

and are bent backwards. Yellow pits in 2-3 irregular rows. The

exposed part of the prosomite and the first strip of the metasomite

slightly roughened, the rest of the metasomite very smooth.

Dorsal margin of anal segment with blunt, rounded angle. The

thickening of the anal valves not high and not accompanied by a

groove on the outer side, but rising abruptly. The legs are padded

from the second to the last pair. The gonopod-coxite (fig. 289) is

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 337

obliquely truncate, sloping outwards and not rounded semicircularly

as in D. canthopus or setosus. Only the lateral half of the lateral leaf

is covered with hairs; the terminal spine is long and straight, its

base not pubescent. The lateral lamella of the telopodite is prominent,

but rounded at the tip.

Cape Province.—Grahamstown (A. 23383), Pocaltsdorp (7394), De

Aar (B. 941), Knysna Forest (1545, B. 2240, 1548), Hanover (A. 2325),

George (6387), Montagu (B. 4167), Graafi-Reimet (1666), Cookhouse

(B. 928), East London (A. 23389), Hagenaars Kraal, Victoria West

Div. (7507).

188. (4) Doratogonus xanthopus n. sp.

(Pl. XI, fig. 286; Pl. XII, figs. 287-288.)

Colour black; concealed part of prosomite yellowish-brown.

Antennae and legs yellowish-brown, the latter not lighter at the

joints but unicoloured. Clypeus dark reddish-brown. 4, 68

segments; width 8-8-9-2 mm.

Clypeus finely punctate, the longitudinal wrinkles weak; four

supralabral pits. The ocelli distinctly convex. Vertex smooth.

Interocular and vertex line, relation of eyes to antennae, etc., as

usual. Lobe on the anterior angle of the collum with convergent

sides, rounded. Three complete and several abbreviated folds.

Marginal furrow not interrupted on the lobe. Prosomite with about

12 concentric furrows. On the seventh segment of the ¢ they become

irregular ; on the ventral surface they do not meet the transverse

suture. The last space nearly equal to two preceding spaces. Free

part of prosomite and fore part of metasomite punctate, the rest of

the metasomite smooth (under the microscope very fine punctuations

are seen). Yellow pits in an irregular zone of more than one row.

The dorsal margin of the anal segment is a blunt triangle, marked by

a slight transverse notch at its base. The marginal thickening of

the valves moderately high. Scale raised. Sternites very finely

striated transversely. Legs padded from the third to the last pair.

Gonopods: the medial leaf is terminated by a rounded lamella,

narrowed but longer than the lamella of D. setosus, surpassing by a

little the claw of the lateral leaf, which is long, slender, weakly

curved. The lateral leaf is covered with hair only on the lateral

half (fig. 288). Telopodite: femoral spine long, cylindrical, not

markedly enlarged anywhere, describing more than a complete circle.

The telopodite bears a lateral lamella rounded at the tip (figs. 286, 287).

Port St. Johns, Cape (A. 23366).

VOL Sexcvile 22

338 Annals of the South African Museum.

189. (5) Doratogonus setosus (Vog.).

1878. Sprrostreptus setosus Voges, Zeit. £. Wiss. Zool., xxxi, p. 105.

1914. Doratogonus setosus Attems, Afrikan. Spirostr., p. 107.

Blackish-brown, covered part of prosomites lead-grey, free part

chestnut. Clypeus dark brown, the base of the joints of the

antennae brownish, the rest black; legs yellowish.

3S, 60-67 segments. Width, in the fore part 7:3-9:7 mm., in the

middle 8-11-2 mm.

Clypeus smooth or with very weak longitudinal wrinkles. Four

supralabral pits. The lobe on the anterior angle of the collum is

triangular or the sides are nearly parallel. Two complete and 0-2

abbreviated furrows. Concentric furrows of the prosomite passing

direct to the sternite. On the seventh segment of the ¢ they do not

bend to meet the suture, but remain parallel to the suture. Longi-

tudinal furrows of the metasomite very regular and strong, no abbre-

viated furrows between them. The yellow punctures generally in

one single row, rarely in a larger zone. The anal segment, sternites,

pads of the legs as in setosus uncinatus.

Gonopods: sternite V-shaped; the medial margin of the medial

leaf straight and not turned outwards. The tip is rounded and bears

on the outer side a little pointed hook. Lateral leaf with a remarkably

long, pointed, and curved spine or claw. The hairs cover the whole

tip and part of the base of the terminal claw. The femoral spine of

the gonopod, rising far from the knee, is very long, enlarged in the

middle, pointed at the tip; it describes more than a complete circle.

Femoral lobe large and rounded. Telopodite moderately thick and

cylindrical, bearing a lateral rounded lamella. Below the tip a long,

straight, pointed spine. The tip hooked without lateral lobe.

Umzimkulu (A. 23380), Port Shepstone (A. 23349), Durban (150178),

Natal; Umtah, 8. Rhodesia (13742). Port Natal (Voges).

190. (6) Doratogonus setosus uncinatus n. subsp.

(Pl. XII, figs. 290-292.)

Colour black or blackish-brown ; covered part of prosomite yellow-

ish. Antennae and anal segment blackish-brown. Colour of legs

lighter at the articulations than on the rest of the joint, so that the

legs are somewhat annulated as in annulipes, but not so distinctly.

3, 61 segments; width, in the fore part 8-3 mm., in the middle

9:2 mm.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 339

Four large supralabral pits. Clypeus longitudinally wrinkled,

densely and very finely punctate. Between the antennae two little

shallow pits. The eyes and the furrows on the vertex as in D. setosus

type. The interior margin of the collum is straight as far as the in-

ferior level of the head-plate, then it is bent forwards at an angle of

90°, so that a lobe with parallel sides is formed, directed forwards ;

two strong folds divided in front. Prosomite with numerous con-

centric furrows running straight to the sternite (on the seventh segment

also), the space between the last furrow and the transverse suture

not much larger than the preceding space ; densely punctate. The

fore part of the metasomite is also punctate ; this punctuation gradu-

ally diminishes and the posterior part of the metasomite is very smooth.

The pores open in front of the middie of the metasomite. The suture

is slightly bent forwards in front of the pore. Regular longitudinal

furrows distant from the pore. The yellow pits in two irregular rows.

Sternites with very fine and shallow transverse striae in the middle.

Dorsal margin of anal segment forming a blunt angle with rounded

apex, separated by a shallow depression. The thickening of the

valves stout and high. Anal scale bluntly triangular. Pads on the

legs up to the last pair.

Gonopods: the medial leaf is rounded at the tip, and on the outer

side bears instead of the lateral cone a little, pointed, black hook.

The lateral leaf bears a spined, twisted, pointed process at the tip ;

the whole tip from the outer to the inner margin is densely covered

with hairs; the hairs continued upon the distal process (figs. 290,

292). The femoral spine of the gonopod is long, describing more than

a complete circle. The femoral lobe surrounds half the base of the

following telopodite. On the outer margin of the telopodite a lamella

with a curved, pointed spine. The tip is divided into the seminal

branch and a pointed, slightly curved spine, characteristic of the

genus (fig. 291).

In general appearance this subspecies cannot be distinguished from

the typical form, but is easily recognisable by the spined process on

the lateral leaf of the anterior gonopod.

Krantzkop (B. 3385), Howick (A. 23375), Rietvlei, Umvoti Distr.

(7751), Natal.

2. Subgen. OTosTREPTUS Att.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 106.

Anterior angle of collum of ¢ projecting in the form of a long,

narrow, rod-like process. Femoral spine of gonopod short or

340 Annals of the South African Museum.

moderately long, much shorter than the telopodite, and straight or

nearly so. Lateral leaf of the gonopod-coxite broadly rounded.

This subgenus, found in Hast Africa and Madagascar, is represented

in South Africa only in Mozambique and by the following species.

191. (7) Doratogonus stylifer (Pet.).

1855. Spirostreptus stylifer Peters, Mon. Ber. Ak. Berlin, p. 78.

1862. Spirostreptus stylifer Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique,

p. 542.

1873. Spirostreptus macrotis Gerstaecker, van der Deckens Reise,

Il, p. 509:

1878. Spirostreptus cephalotes Voges, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., xxxi,

p. 164.

1878. Spirostreptus fasciatus Voges, ibid., p. 173.

1914. Doratogonus stylifer Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 109.

Mozambique, Matoudo-Rios de Sena, Zanzibar, Madagascar.

Gen. SCAPHIOSTREPTUS Brédl.

1902. Sporostreptus subgen. Scaphiostreptus Brélemann, Myr. Mus.

Paulista, pp. 142, 150.

1914. Scaphiostreptus Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 75.

Distribution.—The whole Ethiopian Region (Cameroon, Togoland,

Central Africa, Zanzibar), Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritius ; South

America (Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil).

1. Subgen. ScAPHIOSTREPTUS.

Lateral lamellae of the gonopod-coxite not toothed.

2. Subgen. ODONTOSTREPTUS.

Lateral lamellae of the anterior gonopod with one strong black

tooth at or near to the tip.

The genus is represented in South Africa by a single species belonging

to the first subgenus.

106.

lla.

116.

12a.

120.

9b.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 341

Key to the Species of the Subgenus Scaphiostreptus.*

. Prosomites without distinct encircling lines. : . praepolitus Attems.

. Prosomites with distinct encircling lines. é apes

. The encircling lines becoming irregular on the vente seb. ene backwards ;

the suture vanishing ventrally 5 . sjostedti Eon

. The encircling lines running straight to the seis ot bent backwards. 3.

. The encircling lines diverging on the ventral side; between them a trans-

verse groove. : 6 : 6 6 ; intricatus Voges.

. The encircling lines not decree ; : : : é : es,

. Gonopod without lateral cone . : macilentus S. Z., cluniculus H. S.,

sulcaticollis Dad.

. Gonopod with lateral cone 5 F : : : ; 3 5. 1

. Lateral cone hooked . montanus Att., sulcicollis, 8S. Z., congoensis Attems.

. Lateral cone straight, not hooked : : 5 ; 3 ; sinh Gs

. Lateral cone very short, a broad, rounded lobe. : . coriaceus S. Z.

. Lateral cone longer, conical ; 3 5 : : : : Sahtde

. Margin of anal valves with deep impressions and grooves . argus Attems.

. Margin of anal valves smooth . : : os

. Metasomites finely wrinkled or bark-like, fhe subiace Het shining

leprosus 8. Z., pyrrhozonus Gerst., metazonalis 8. Z.

. Metasomites shining, smooth or with very weak sculpture’. é ees

. Lateral lamellae of the gonopod terminated by a long slender cone . a} UG)

10a.

Lateral cone with dentate edge and divided into a cone and a pointed spine.

50-53 segments. (South America) : : . oyapokanus Attems,

Lateral cone simple, conical, the terminal edge smooth. 68-74 segments.

(Africa) ; ; : : = Ui:

Lamelliform margins of penonod ielonadite moderately Has

madecassus 8. Z.

Lamelliform margins very broad, especially at the tip, forming one or two

hollowed cups : spel

Width 6 mm.; the margins of fhe cononod felonodite Ajai tha cups with

opposing Cte : : ; . diphialephorus Att.

Width 17 mm.; broad margins set sonepod telopodite twisted in one close

spiral . : : . seychellarum Gerv.

Lateral lamella of tHe ponopod oronaly poanded or with one very short

tooth . : 5 : : : . 9 Species (not South African).

192. Scaphiostreptus diphialephorus Att.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 85.

The type-specimen in the Berlin Museum was labelled “‘ South

Africa.” It is strange that this large species has not been taken by

any collectors since, and the above-mentioned label was perhaps

erroneous.

* Abbreviated.

342 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. Urotropts Silv.

1896. Silvestri, I Diplop., p. 55.

1907. Silvestri, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., xxiv, p. 229.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 123.

Distribution.—South Africa, West Africa, Cameroon, Guinea.

One species from South America does not seem to be rightly placed

in this genus, and probably belongs to a new genus.

la.

1b.

2a.

2b.

3d.

36.

4a.

4b.

Key to the Species of Urotropis.

Sternites transversely striated. Anal valves with one knob

propingua Por., trachyura Por.

Sternites smooth. Anal valves without knobs. : : 3 ers

Visible part of prosomite smooth and shining. Metasomites not punctate,

scarcely wrinkled. Transverse suture deep : : atrata Por.

Visible part of prosomite punctate or roughly wrinkled. “Metasomites punctate

or roughly wrinkled. Transverse suture shallow A ; eS

Posterior part of prosomite and whole metasomite roughly wrinkled

carinata Por.

Posterior part of prosomite and metasomite densely and finely punctate 4.

Median lamella of gonopod with a long point surpassing the rest ; one smooth

tooth on aboral side. Colour black, with broad clear median band

perpunctata Silv.

Median lamella of gonopod with one curved tooth before the end, much shorter

than the terminal lobe; one broad, dentate, thin lamella on aboral side.

Colour dark brown, the middle of the dorsum not clear . micropora Att.

193. Urotropis micropora Att.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 123.

“South Africa,” without precise information as to locality.

Gen. KArTINIKUS Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 127.

Distribution.—Cameroon (two species), South Africa (one species).

Key to the Species.

a. Exposed part of the prosomite without transverse furrow; femoral spine of

gonopod short : : : australis Attems.

b. Exposed part of the aor wah one anon lin fee Femoral spine long

colonus Attems, colonus denticulatus Attems.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 34

194. Kartinikus australis Attems.

1914. Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 128.

South and South-west Africa (the label gave no precise locality).

Gen. SYNOPHRYOSTREPTUS nov.

The medial leaf of the gonopod is terminated by an egg-shaped

lobe ; without distinct lateral cone. The thick cone of the lateral

leaf surpasses the knee of the gonopod and the distal part is covered

with hairs. The little femoral spine rises on the oral side of the

curvature and is directed distally in the same line as the femur. On

the end of the femur and tibia a short collar (femoral lobe). At the

beginning of the telopodite a short, pointed spine, the telopodite cylin-

drical, without lamellar borders, the tip trilobed, the lobes very short.

Pores beginning on the sixth segment. Collum of male without a

lobe on the anterior corner. The covered part of the prosomite with

numerous regular concentric furrows. Metasomites with the usual

longitudinal furrows on the ventral surface, dorsally smooth or nearly

so. Transverse suture distinct. Yellow pits present. Anal segment

without tail, not keeled dorsally, the valves with thickened border

without furrow on the inner side. Fourth joint of anterior and middle

pairs of legs with short pad, fifth joint with tooth-like pad.

195. Synophryostreptus punctatus n. sp.

(Pl. XII, figs. 295-297.)

Colour brownish-black; covered part of prosomite yellowish-

brown; clypeus and antennae dark reddish-brown ; legs brownish-

yellow.

Forty-nine segments. Width, in the fore part 3-5 mm., in the middle

3°T7 mm. Labral sinus very shallow, the whole head-plate including

the vertex very densely punctate, the clypeus in addition longitudin-

ally wrinkled. Supralabral pits, if present, indistinct on account of

this sculpture. The inner angle of the eyes surpassing the base of

the antennae a little, the distance between the eyes much greater than

the diameter of one eye. The ocelli distinctly convex. Interocular

furrow not visible, vertex line very weak. The anterior angle of the

collum is not at all lobate in the g: the anterior margin is slightly

bent forwards at the sides and passes as a broad arch into the lateral

margin. Two strong folds beside the marginal furrow. Concealed

part of prosomites with numerous fine concentric furrows, passing

344 Annals of the South African Museum.

gradually into a network of little folds; this network touches the

transverse suture in the dorsum; at the sides it is bounded by a

transverse furrow at some distance from the suture; behind this

furrow the prosomite is longitudinally striated in the same manner as

the metasomite. The longitudinal striae of the metasomites nearly

reach the pore and are strong on the ventral surface, resembling little

ridges. Dorsally to the pore very short longitudinal furrows begin

on the suture. The metasomites are densely punctate. The pore

opens before the middle on the anterior segments and in the middle

on the posterior segments: the transverse suture is also distinct on

the dorsum, before the pore it is slightly bent forwards. The large

yellow punctures are arranged in one regular row. Anal segment

densely punctate and finely wrinkled. The dorsal margin rounded,

with a transverse groove, the thickening of the valves fairly high,

smooth, not accompanied by a groove on the outer side; without

furrow on the inner side. The scale horizontal and arched. Sternites

strongly and regularly striated transversely; stigmata triangular

or rounded, the lateral margin not surpassing the lateral margin of

the sternite. Fourth joint of anterior and middle pairs of legs with

a very small, not remarkably prominent pad. Pad of the fifth joint

large, tooth-like (fig. 297).

Gonopods (fig. 295): sternite V-shaped, with a sharp angle;

inner margin of medial leaf (AM) forming two series of steps; at

the top a thick, regular, egg-shaped lobe. The broad end of the egg

is turned outwards and bears a pointed, slightly curved spine. Lateral

leaf (AL) terminated by a blunt conical process surpassing the knee

of the posterior gonopod and extending as far as the middle of the

egg-shaped lobe. Distal part of lateral leaf covered with hairs.

The femoral spine rises in the curvature of the knee, is short, straight,

directed distally ; the femoral portion is short and broad, the femoral

lobe very short. The telopodite bears one slender and pointed spine,

and describes a complete circle; it is moderately broad, without

lamellar enlargements; gradually narrowed towards the tip. The

tip is divided into three little lobes (a, b, c). The seminal duct opens

on one (a) of these lobes (fig. 296).

Junction of Crocodile and Marico Rivers (B. 3402).

Gen. CAMARICOPROCTUS nov.

Femoral spine of gonopod very strong, with an unusually thick

basal portion ; rising before the coxal knee and directed outwards

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 345

in a slight curve, nearly in the same line as the basal part of the coxa.

Telopodite of gonopod very short, enlarged and hollowed out like a

trowel at the extremity. Gonopod-coxite very simple, without pro-

cesses; lateral lamella without bristles. Foramina repugnatoria

beginning on the fifth segment. No yellow punctures. Anal valves

completely lacking margination. Dorsal border of anal segment

with flat arch. Anal scale nearly straight and level. Collum of 3

without lobe in the anterior corner and without curved folds. Pro-

somites with few but deep encircling lines. Suture dorsally distinct.

Fourth and fifth joints of legs padded. Seven supralabral pits.

196. Camaricoproctus bombycinus n. sp.

(Pl. XII, figs. 293-294.)

Colour: anterior half of prosomite and posterior half of metasomite

yellow ; posterior half of prosomite and anterior half of metasomite

chestnut. Prosomite blackish as seen through the metasomite.

Anterior part of the head, antennae, and legs yellowish.

3 with 45-47 segments. Width 2-5-2-8 mm.

Labral sinus moderately deep, semicircular. Head-plate very

smooth and shining. Interior ocular angle extending not quite so

far medially as the base of the antennae. No interocular line; ver-

tex line extremely shallow. Anterior border of collum moderately

arched at the lateral border without forming a lobe. The edge of

these borders well defined by a furrow. No curved folds. Pro-

somites with four regular and relatively deep encircling lines ; the last

of them lies in the middle of the prosomite and is visible when the

animal is stretched. Ventrally there are two abbreviated lines as

well. The regular fine striation of the metasomites extends ventrally

to half-way between the middle and the foramen. Above the foramen

the furrows are short, beginning on the suture; dorsally the furrows

become punctures and disappear gradually. Whole surface of

dorsum dulled by a fine silky punctuation. Foramen on the fifth

segment close to the suture; on the following segments it moves

gradually towards the boundary of the anterior and middle thirds. No

yellow punctures. Sternites with fine polygonal sculpture, without

transverse lines. Lateral border of stigmata in astraight line with border

of sternite. Dorsal border of anal segment nearly straight trans-

versely. Valves moderately arched, without any marginations. The

border itself deepened. Scale nearly transversely truncate. Fourth

and fifth joints of legs, including the posterior ones, with large pads.

346 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gonopods (fig. 293): the small sternite has a flat-arched distal

border and is hardly inserted between the bases of the gonopods.

The extremity of the medial leaf of the gonopod is a little enlarged,

but has no lateral cones. The external lamella has a deep sinus in

the middle. The lateral leaf bears the pores of some glands, but no

area of bristles. Gonopod telopodite (fig. 294): femoral spine (Cd)

very strong, slightly bent and continuing nearly in the direction of the

praefemur. Telopodite very broad and short; on the opposite side

of the femoral spine is a blunt tooth (¢). The extremity is enlarged

and hollowed out like a trowel; from this large plate rise several

small plates and lobes and the slender curved branch with the prostate

canal.

Caledon (14658); Ashton (4031); Pass at Avontuur (7328); River

Zonder End, Caledon Div. (7321); Matjesfontein (13474), Cape.

Gen. ALLopoRUS Porat.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 111 (references to literature).

Number of segments 54-64. Width 5-4-12 mm.

Labral sinus narrow, moderately deep. Clypeus densely punctate,

coarser in the fore part, and also often wrinkled here so that the

supralabral pits may disappear. Number of supralabral pits four,

rarely six. Interocular line visible. Vertex line fine. Inner angle

of eye extending a little further inwards than base of antennae; the

space between the eyes as large as or a little larger than the diameter

of aneye. Collum with an anterior lobe, whose sides converge or are

parallel (the latter case rare); the tip rounded. Two to three folds.

The encircling lines of the prosomite run straight from sternum to

sternum. The last space usually equal to two preceding spaces.

Visible part of prosomite usually densely punctate, rarely smooth.

The longitudinal striation of the metasomite extends in the fore part

of body nearly as far as the foramen, on the following segments it

falls gradually further short of it. Foramen beginning on the fifth

segment; before the middle of the metasomite the suture well

developed, curving a little forwards before the foramen. The yellow

punctures in a single row or in a larger zone of several irregular rows.

The dorsal prominence of the anal segment forms a blunt angle and

is usually bounded by one or several shallow grooves. The valves

strongly arched, their borders padded, the pad gradually passing

into the valve or separated from it by a shallow depression. The

whole anal segment densely punctate. The scale broadly arched.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 347

All the legs padded on joints four and five. Sternites usually with

fine transverse striation, rarely smooth. Stigma triangular, its

outer border in a straight line with the border of the sternum. The

femoral spine of the gonopods rising distally to the knee, moder-

ately to very long. Femur with or without lobe. Yelopodite cylin-

drical, or narrow and band-like, with a lateral spine. Gonopod-coxite

usually with well-developed lateral cone which often bears a little

hook. The lateral leaf is terminated in several species by a long claw.

On the inner side there is often a prominence.

Distribution.—South, East, and West Africa, Madagascar, South

America.

Key to the Species of Alloporus.

la. Lateral leaf of gonopod bearing a dentate process on inner side before terminal

spine . . : abe:

2a. On the outer sale at ae er emity oti the Bovonod. opmits a short thick cone

with a black inwardly curved little hook . : : 6 (Ok

3a. Lateral leaf of gonopod shorter than medial leaf and not ending in a pointed

claw ; tip of femoral spine hooked . ; : ; . uncinatus Att.

36. Lateral leaf terminating in a jointed spine, rising more or less above the medial

leaf. Femoral spine of the gonopod with a straight joint . : a

4a. With 54 segments. Terminal claw of lateral leaf of gonopod outwardly

hooked; bristles covering end of lateral leaf as far as the medial border.

Femoral spine describes three-quarters of a circle ; the second half unusually

broad. Borders of the lobe of the collum parallel . falcatus n. sp.

4b. With 60-64 segments. Terminal claw of lateral leaf slightly curved ; bristles

covering end of lateral leaf from outer border to middle. Femoral spine

describes more than a circle, its distal half not enlarged. Lobe of collum

triangular with convergent sides : : 5 | &

5a. At edge running from inner process of lateral leaf sacwerds onal ona revel before

and behind are papillae, bearing bristles. Inner process small, and flat

surface behind it small. Clypeus finely punctate but not wrinkled. Border

of anal valve becoming gradually level . : . circulus Att.

56. No papillae either on the edge or on the level surface of te lateral leaf. Inner

process larger, like a swallow’s nest, and the flat surface which it forms is deep.

Clypeus roughly wrinkled. Pad of anal valve eae by a groove from

the surrounding level surface . : ; > GO

6a. Terminal claw of lateral leaf short and rising only a “RTS above the medial leaf.

Sternites with irregular transverse striation. Black . . rugifrons N. sp.

6b. Terminal claw of lateral leaf very long and rising high above the medial leaf.

Sternites smooth. Chestnut colour . ; 6 castaneus 2. Sp.

2b. Gonopod-coxite with long and relatively slender ieeerel cones bearing a hook

at the tip. Prosomites smooth, metasomites very finely punctate

levigatus n. sp.

1b. Lateral leaf of gonopod without inner process : : ‘ 3 Eee

7a. Lateral leaf ending in a long, pointed spine. (Madagascar) moromangae S. Z.

Sf setiger Brol.

7b. Lateral leaf rounded, without spine. (South America) . 5 L princeps Bral

348 Annals of the South African Museum.

197. (1) Alloporus uncinatus Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept. in Chun, Zoologica, xxv, p. 113.

(Pl. XII, fig. 304.)

Colour blackish-brown, concealed part of prosomite yellowish-

brown ; clypeus, antennae, and legs reddish-brown; the legs some-

times yellowish.

3, 62-64 segments. Width, in the fore part 8-5, in the middle

9-5 mm.

Four supralabral pits; clypeus finely punctate and more or less

wrinkled longitudinally. The sides of the lobe of the collum con-

vergent, the tip broadly rounded, three complete folds and an

abbreviated one. Visible part of prosomite and the first third of

metasomite densely punctate, rest of metasomite nearly smooth;

the last three segments before the anal segment punctate throughout.

Yellow punctures in a single row. Sternites nearly smooth; only

in the middle of the level surface some small indistinct striolae. The

whole anal segment densely punctate and ridged. Pad of valve

distinct from surrounding flat surface, but no groove laterally to it.

Gonopods (fig. 304): sternite notched; gonopod-coxite with a

black hook on the short lateral cone. Lateral leaf without claw on

the inner side, ending with a broad triangular lobe. Before this

lobe on the inner side a prominence with a bluntly toothed border.

Bristles are present on the outer half of the level surface. Femoral

spine large, strongly curved, the end forming a pointed hook. Femoral

lobe large, telopodite cylindrical ; before the termination a long, thin,

very pointed, weakly curved spine.

Chisawasha, Salisbury, Rhodesia (B. 961, 962) ; Masiene, Chai Chai,

Portuguese E. Africa (B. 6021, 6022, 6029). This species has been

noted from Shire, E. Africa.

198. (2) Alloporus falcatus n. sp.

(Pl. XII, figs. 298-300.)

Colour black ; antennae, the borders of the collum, and the legs dark

reddish-brown.

3, 54 segments. Width, in the fore part 7-8, in the middle 8-5 mm.

Clypeus densely and finely punctate, but very weakly wrfhkled.

The single male has two supralabral pits on the left side, none on the

right side. The eyes and lines on the head as in A. cireulus. Collum

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 349

with a large rounded lobe with parallel sides ; two folds (fig. 299).

Visible part of prosomite and first third of metasomite densely

punctate, rest of metasomite smooth. The yellow punctures in

several irregular rows in a rather large zone. Sternites with trans-

verse striations. Pad of anal valve separated from the rest of the

valve by a well-developed depression.

Gonopods: the gonopod-coxite (fig. 300) possesses a short and

thick lateral cone with an inwardly curved black hook. The lateral

leaf is terminated by a large, laterally curved, black hook. The

bristles on the oral level surface extend from the lateral border to the

medial border (a difference between this species and the others).

The base of the bristles is a papilla as in A. cirewlus and levigatus. The

prominence on the inner side is moderately large; its border with

blunt teeth. No flat surface behind the prominence. Gonopod

telopodite (fig. 298): the femoral spine is strongly curved, but does

not describe a complete circle ; its second half unusually broad, the

end pointed. The tip divided into the branch with the prostate

duct and a curved, slender spine.

Venterstroom (13521).

199. (3) Alloporus circulus Att.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 412.

(Pl. XII, fig. 301.)

Completing the above-mentioned description, I note that laterally

to the prominence on the inner side of the lateral leaf of the gonopod,

partly on the ridge bounding the flat surface behind the prominence,

partly on the level part before and behind this wall, are a number of

peculiar little papillae, some bearing a bristle, some a small blackish

spine (fig. 301).

Port Elizabeth (Att.).

200. (4) Alloporus rugifrons n. sp.

(Pl. XII, figs. 305-306.)

Colour black, the legs dark reddish-brown, concealed part of

prosomites dark yellowish-brown.

3g, 60-62 segments. Width 8-5-11:2 mm.

Clypeus strongly wrinkled, so that the four supralabral pits are

sometimes indistinct ; otherwise densely and finely punctate. A

350 Annals of the South African Museum.

rounded lobe with convergent sides on the anterior corner of the

collum ; two curved folds. Free part of prosomite and the whole

metasomite densely punctate and very finely wrinkled; on the pos-

terior half of the metasomite the density of the punctuations dimin-

ishes visibly. The encircling lines of the prosomite run straight round

the segment. The longitudinal striation of the metasomite remains

somewhat distant from the foramen on the anterior segments. Fora-

mina on the boundaries of anterior and middle thirds, the suture before

them scarcely curved. The yellow pits in a single row, sometimes

isolated punctures in a second row. Sternites with irregular trans-

verse sculpture. Anal valves with a pad, accompanied laterally

by a groove; deep, especially below towards the scale. Dorsal

border of anal segment with blunt angle. Scale flat-arched, nearly

rounded. Pads on the fourth and fifth joints of the legs are present

even on the hinder legs.

Gonopods (figs. 305-306) : lateral cones very short and thick, with

a little blunt hook at the side. Lateral leaf (Al) with a slender,

outwardly curved claw, longer than the medial leaf. The inner

process (p) is large and has the form of a swallow’s nest. The thick

ring bounding the flat surface on the lateral side is bristled. The

bristles do not spring from a little papilla as in other species. The

femoral spine does not describe a complete circle, and is relatively

slender, with straight point.

Swakopmund (976) ; Otjituo, 8.W. Africa (B. 5254); Zoekmakaar,

N. Transvaal (B. 4055); Okahandja, 8.W. Africa (Michaelsen).

201. (5) Alloporus castaneus n. sp.

(Pl. XII, fig. 302.)

The general colour is chestnut ; the metasomites a little darker

than the prosomites; collum dark brown bordered with chestnut.

Antennae and legs dark.

3, 60-62 segments. Width 11-12 mm.

Lateral sinus moderately deep, the clypeus densely punctate and

longitudinally wrinkled, or only punctate; the four supralabral pits

always distinct. Interocular line and vertex line visible. Inner

angle of eyes acute, extending a good deal further inwards than the

base of the antennae. The distance between the eyes greater than

the diameter of an eye. Lobe on anterior angle of collum of moderate

size with convergent sides ; two folds. Encircling lines of prosomite

run straight ; the last space greater than the two preceding spaces.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 351

Visible part of prosomite and the metasomite very finely and densely

punctate ; less dense in the posterior half of metasomite, which is

nearly smooth. The longitudinal striation of metasomites fine and

regular, extending as far as the foramen on the sixth segment, falling

more and more short of it on the following segments. Yellow punc-

tures in a single regular row. Sternites smooth. Stigma triangular.

Dorsal process of anal segment bluntly triangular, bounded by a fold

and transversely wrinkled. Valves densely punctate and finely

wrinkled. The pad of moderate size: accompanied in its whole

length by a groove, which is not interrupted in the middle as in A.

rugifrons. Scale flat and arched. Pads on fourth and fifth joints

of legs present up to the last pair.

Gonopods (fig. 302): sternite V-shaped, with rounded angle.

Lateral leaf terminated by a long acute curved horn, black at the tip

and rising considerably above the medial leaf. On the inner side a

process bounding a flat surface. The bristles on the outer wall of

this surface are long and thin, without a papilla at their base. The

medial leaf has an inwardly curved, small black hook. The femoral

spine describes a circle, its point is black but not hooked. The telo-

podite is enlarged at the beginning of the femur ; the point is forked ;

the longer branch carries the canal, the shorter is a little curved

spine.

Waterberg (B. 5257), Transvaal; Komatipoort, East Transvaal

(B. 9074).

202. (6) Alloporus levigatus un. sp.

(Pl. XII, fig. 303.)

Colour black, clypeus and collum dark brown. Antennae and legs

yellowish-brown or reddish-brown. »Terminal joints of antennae

blackish.

3 57 segments. Width 5-4 mm., without visible constriction in

the anterior segments.

Lateral sinus moderately deep. Four supralabral pits. Clypeus

densely and finely punctate, smooth or weakly wrinkled. Vertex

smooth and shining. Interior angle of the eye somewhat blunt and

only extending a little further inwards than the base of the antennae ;

the space between the eyes visibly larger than the diameter of an eye.

Anterior lobe of collum with convergent and rounded sides; two

folds. Prosomite with the usual ringed lines, the rest smooth. Meta-

somites with extremely fine punctuation, nearly smooth. Yellow

punctures in a single regular row. Dorsal prominence of anal segment

352 Annals of the South African Museum.

bounded by a deep and broad groove and transversely wrinkled.

The pad of the valves thick and accompanied on its outer side by a

depression. Sternites finely striated transversely.

Gonopods (fig. 303): the lateral cone relatively long and slender,

bearing a little black hook on the tip, especially clearly seen from the

aboral side. Lateral leaf with a long, slender, slightly curved black

claw. The bristles extend to the base of this claw, but not quite as

far as the medial border. Most of them are inserted on little papillae.

Prominence on inner border with several teeth. No flat surface behind

this prominence. The gonopod telopodite the same as in A. circulus ;

the femoral spine (Cd) describes more than a complete circle and is

enlarged in the middle.

Krugersdorp, Transvaal (A. 23403) ; Florida, Transvaal (A. 4088).

Alloporus transvaalicus Dad.

1889. Daday, Termes. Fiizetek, xu, p. 123.

Transvaal.

Species dubia.

Gen. GYMNOSTREPTUS Brol.

1902. Subgen. Gymnostreptus Brolemann, Myr. Mus. Paulista, pp.

141, 143.

1914. Gen. Gymnostreptus Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 131.

Subgen. ORTHOPORUS Att.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 182.

Pores beginning on the sixth segment. Telopodite of the gonopod

much enlarged, band-like, or in extreme cases cup-shaped.

Distribution.—South Africa (three species), Madagascar (two species),

South America (sixteen species).

Key to the African Species of Orthoporus.

la. Anal valves not distinctly bordered; gonopod-coxite without bristles and

without lateral cone. Width 2-5 mm.; 50 segments (Madagascar)

politifrons Attems.

1b. Anal valves with marginal thickening. Lateral lamellae of gonopod with an

area of bristles. Lateral cone well developed. Width 4:5 mm. or more;

57 or more segments : : : 5 6 : 2.

2a. Medial lamellae of gonopod with one broad, blunt lobe on the inside of the tip.

Telopodite of the gonopod less enlarged, not cup-shaped but band-like.

Labral sinus shallow (Madagascar) . : : . punctatulus Attems

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 353

2b. Medial lamellae of the anterior gonopod without inner lobe on the tip. Telo-

podite of gonopod much enlarged, forming a broad cup. Labralsinus deep 3.

3a. Sternite of gonopods triangular, with pointed angle; the laterally turned

margin of the coxite-base is sinuate . : c . . tabulinus Att.

3b. Sternite of gonopods a rounded transverse plate : ; 5 ah

4a. The laterally turned margin of the coxite is rectilinear . pyrrhocephalus Koch.

4b. The laterally turned margin of the coxite is lobate -. «. pontifern. sp.

I am now convinced, after having examined a great number of

specimens of both species, that the characters formerly used by me in

distinguishing the two species G. pyrrhocephalus and tabulinus are not

conclusive. That does not say that tabulinus is to be withdrawn, but

that other characters must be used. The best characters are the form

of the sternum of the gonopods and the shape of the laterally turned

margin of the medial leaf of the gonopod-coxite. In pyrrhocephalus

the latter lamella is rectilinear and the sternum is short, arched, and

rounded, whilst in tabulinus the outer margin of the lamella is sinuate

and the sternum long with a pointed angle. The two species are also

different in colour and size: pyrrhocephalus has a width of 8-10 mm.

on an average, fabulinus 4-7 mm. In pyrrhocephalus the whole

head-plate is reddish-brown or red; the vertex rarely somewhat

darkened, but never so different in colour as in tabulinus, where the

clypeus is yellowish as far as the antennae, the vertex blackish. In

pyrrhocephalus the collum is often red; the trunk annulated with

hight and dark in pyrrhocephalus, uniformly black in tabulinus. The

thumb-like prominence on the inner side of the lateral leaf of the

gonopod is also present in tabulinus and the yellow punctures are

likewise present in pyrrhocephalus, so that on these points the tabular

view in * Afrikanische Spirostreptiden ”’ must be corrected.

The supplementary collection from Portuguese East Africa con-

tained a third species intermediate between pyrrhocephalus and

tabulinus. This is described below as G. pontifex.

203. Gymnostreptus pyrrhocephalus L. Koch.

1865. Spirostreptus pyrrhocephalus Koch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.

Wien, xv, p. 888.

1914. Gymnostreptus pyrrhocephalus Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept.,

p. 133.

(Pl. XII, fig. 307; Pl. XIII, fig. 308.)

Colour: head-plate brownish or shiny red; vertex sometimes a

little darkened, but never contrasting so much with the clypeus as in

WiOlhs SO-QViS 23

354 Annals of the South African Museum.

tabulinus. Collum red or more or less darkened up to completely

black. Prosomites yellowish-brown or brownish-red, metasomites

blackish-brown. Antennae, anal segment, and legs red.

3, 53-65 segments. The highest and lowest numbers were found

in the same tube from one locality. Width, in the fore part of body

7-2 mm., in the middle 8-10 mm., very seldom only 5-5 mm. Yellow

pits in one or two rows (the latter is the more frequent).

The first description must be corrected, but is to be consulted for

the other characters. Practically no difference from tabulinus. The

differences in the gonopods (figs. 307, 308) are discussed above.

Cape Province.—Hogsback, Amatola (B. 932, B. 934); Matjes-

fontein (A. 23362) ; Commandofontein, near Adelaide (7506); Port

St. Johns (A. 23367); Pass at Avontuur (7326); Grahamstown (A.

23381); Prince Albert (1542); Montagu (B. 949, B. 4108); Tulbagh

Road Station (1529); Zwartberg Pass (1532); Gt. Winterhoek (B.

2266, B. 2268, B. 2265, B. 2237, B. 2235) ; Port Elizabeth (7612, 7613);

Piquetberg, near Bergvlei River (7560); Onder Bokkeveld (7550) ;

Burghersdorp (14634). Natal.—Krantzkop (B. 965).

Porat has described a species which is perhaps identical with

pyrrhocephalus. is description of the gonopods apice valde dilatato

and of the colour give rise to this conjecture, which could only be

made certain of by a re-examination of Porat’s type. The name of

this species is:

Spirostreptus ruficeps Brandt.

1872. Porat, Myr. Afric. Austral., Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., Nr. 5,

p. dl.

Caffraria. Species dubia.

204. Gymnostreptus tabulinus Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 134.

(Pl. XIII, figs. 309, 311-314.)

Head-plate as far as a point between the antennae, the latter and

the legs reddish-yellow or reddish-brown. Vertex and trunk black,

or the prosomites yellow or reddish-brown and the metasomites

blackish. Anal valves yellowish-brown.

3, 46-64 segments. I notice that specimens with the highest and

the lowest numbers are found in the same locality. The most fre-

quent numbers are 56-59. Width 4:2-7-2 mm.; rarely 3 mm. (in

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 355

specimens from Gouda and Paarl with gonopods like those of the large

specimens). Lateral sinus moderately deep; four supralabral pits ;

clypeus smooth or moderately wrinkled; interocular line scarcely

visible, vertex line very shallow. Inner ocular angle extending a

little further inwards than base of antennae ; space between eyes con-

siderably larger than diameter of an eye. Collum with an almost

pointed lobe in the anterior angle; two strong, somewhat irregular

folds.

The numerous punctate concentric lines of the prosomite run

straight round to the sternum ; the last space equal to two preceding

spaces in width and with fine leathery wrinkles. Suture well

developed, curved forwards slightly before the foramen. Foramen

nearer to the suture than to the hind border. Diameter of metasomite

not visibly larger at the posterior border than in the fore part.

Longitudinal striation of metasomite somewhat distant from the

foramen at the seventh segment. Metasomites dorsally smooth.

Yellow pits in a single transverse row. Anterior half of sternum

with shallow and irregular sculpture. Dorsal prominence of anal seg-

ment triangular, blunt, the pad of valve moderately high but not

sharply bounded. Scale flat, triangular.

Gonopods: extremity of gonopod-coxite with an oblique back-

wardly directed cone whose length and direction vary considerably

(see figs. 309, 311-313). The extremes are quite different but con-

nected by many transition stages, so that I cannot distinguish sub-

species by this character. The extremity of the lateral cone is

sometimes hooked. My note in the original description, that the

lateral leaf has no thumb-like tooth (fig. 311 ld) on the inner side,

must be corrected ; the tooth is present but difficult or impossible to

see from the aboral side, because it rises‘on the inner side. Gonopod

telopodite without femoral spine; it describes two curves, and then is

enlarged into a broad, rounded plate; the slender terminal portion

with the canal has a little swelling before the tip.

This species is the commonest of all Spirostreptidae in the Cape

Province.

Cape Province.—Houw Hoek; Venster Ravine, Caledon; Cape

Flats, Gordon’s Bay, Hout Bay, Simonstown, Camps Bay, Hermanus,

Kalk Bay, Orange Kloof, Steenbrass, Kirstenbosch, Knysna, Slang-

hoek (Worcester), Gt. Winterhoek, Swellendam, Kogman‘s Kloof,

Krakadouw Pass, River Zonder End, Graaff-Reinet, Gouda, Tulbagh

Div., Paarl, French Hoek.

Nos. 7349, 7364, B. 928, 13506, B. 2286, B. 2265, B. 2267, 7643,

356 Annals of the South African Museum.

T1737, 73410, A. 23395, 1674, 7723, 7556, 1593, A. 23352, 7735, 7747,

7640, A. 23408, A. 23413, A. 23412, A. 2325, 150112, 7630, 14662,

A. 2332, A. 2330, A. 23340, B. 5272, 7652, 150099, 7448, 1508, 7671,

1472, T7102, B. 950, 7647, 7324, 7325, 1667, B. 988, 14663, B. 4082,

B. 3365, 7513, 7473.

205. Gymnostreptus tabulinus var. exaratus (new var.).

(RRSXCE stosr3ts)

This variety agrees with the type form in all points except the

sculpture of the metasomites ; it has on the dorsum broad and shallow

longitudinal grooves, separated by narrow rounded keels; there are

approximately 30 grooves between the pores, not equally distinct in

every metasomite.

Colour black, the concealed part of prosomite yellowish. Clypeus

and antennae reddish-brown.

3, 55 or 56 segments. Width 7-5 mm. (gonopods, see fig. 310).

Hermanus, Cape Province (23371).

206. Gymnostreptus pontifex n. sp.

(Pl. XXIII, fig. 528.)

Colour nearly black ; prosomites dorsally, or dorsally and laterally,

reddish-brown ; head-plate red or reddish-brown, sometimes a black-

ish band between the eyes; collum red or reddish-brown with a

broad posterior black margin. Legs reddish-brown or yellowish-

brown ; anal segment the same.

3: length 70 mm.; width 5-8 mm.; 45—48 segments.

Labral sinus very shallow, four supralabral pits ; clypeus smooth ;

interocular sulcus not visible, longitudinal sulcus sharp. Inner

angle of eyes surpassing widely the inner basal edge of the antennae.

Anterior border of collum not produced forwards, consequently no

lappet in the anterior angle; or the angle weakly rounded forwards,

the specimens differing a little in this point. Encircling furrows of

the prosomite numerous, the distance between the furrows increasing

gradually. Metasomites dorsally shining and smooth, with very

shallow, broad impressions. The upper two or three longitudinal

sulci under the pore are abbreviated. Posterior dorsal margin of

anal segment rounded; marginal thickening of anal valves high and

broad, laterally not sharply defined. The scale arcuate. The yellow

punctures arranged in one row. Sternites with one transverse furrow

The Myriopoda of South Africa. B57

in the anterior part, otherwise smooth. Tibia and postfemur of all

legs padded ; the pads half as long as the joints.

Gonopods (fig. 528) resembling those of S. pyrrhocephalus and

tabulinus. Sternite of gonopods a low transverse plate as in S. pyr-

rhocephalus, and the laterally turned lappet at the base of the

coxite is similar to that of S. tabulinus, and still larger. The telo-

podite differs from the telopodite of S. pyrrhocephalus and tabulinus

in being still thicker in the first part after the knee.

Zandemela (B. 6025) and Masiene (6028), both near Chai Chai,

Portuguese EH. Africa.

2. Tribe Trachystreptini Cook.

1896. Fam. Tvrachystreptidae Cook and Collins, Crasp. of N.

America, p. 5.

1896. Fam. Trachystreptidae Cook, Brandtia, xii.

1909. Subfam. Trachystreptinae Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise.

p. 40.

1909. Subfam. Trachystreptinae Attems, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 157.

1914. Tribe Trachystreptina Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 141.

1926. TLrachystreptint Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv,

p- 200.

The diameter of the metasomite is considerably greater than that of

the prosomite. Metasomite with strong longitudinal keels resembling

those of Lyscopetalidae. ‘The last strip of the prosomite with similar,

but smaller and not exactly corresponding keels. Dorsal margin of

anal segment broadly arched, without prominence. Valves strongly

raised, the margin thickened, accompanied by a groove on the outer

side and often with a furrow on the inner side. Scale truncated.

Pores beginning on the sixth segment. Legs mostly not padded.

Gonopods known only in Lophostreptus ; without or with femoral spine,

a large broad lobe on the femur. Telopodite slender and cylindrical.

Distribution.—Africa, from Abyssinia through Hast Africa to South

Africa (one doubtful genus, Tyvopitrachelus Silv. in the Carolines).

Cook is the author of most of the genera, which are characterised

by the differences in their sculpture. I have already expressed my

opinion as to the validity of these genera.

Five tubes contained Trachystreptini of three distinct species, two

of Lophostreptus and one of Calostreptus, in the sense of Cook. All

are females, so that I cannot much advance our knowledge of these

animals.

358 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gen. LopHostREPTUS Cook and Collins.

1895. Lophostreptus Cook and Collins, Crasp. of N. Amer., Ann.

Ne \York AcwSciy 1x5 p: 5:

1896. Lophostreptus Cook, Brandtia, xiii, p. 57.

1896. Lophostreptus Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xvii.

1903. Brélemann, Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., xxxv, p. 145.

1907. Lophostreptus Attems, Myr. Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped.

Sj6stedt, p. 30.

1914. Lophostreptus Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 141.

1896. Ptilostreptus Cook, Brandtia, xin, p. 57.

1896. Anastreptus Cook, ibid., p. 55.

Hitherto the gonopods of only six species of Trachystreptini have

been known. These species are so nearly related that it is best to put

them all in the same genus. Carl, in the ‘‘ Revue Suisse de Zoologie, ”

xvu, has pointed out that several genera were established by Cook

only on specific characters, and weak characters besides. I share this

view, and I believe that the genus Anastreptus Cook, conceived as a

subgenus of Lophostreptus in the ‘‘Afrikanische Spirostreptiden, ” falls

into the genus Lophostreptus. The difference between the subgenera

Lophostreptus and Anastreptus is that Lophostreptus has no, or only

short, keels on the collum, whilst Anastreptus has keels on the whole

surface of the collum. The new species Lophostreptus carli coincides

with Lophostreptus in having abbreviated keels on the collum, and

with Anastreptus strongylotropis (the only species of Anastreptus

whose gonopods are known) in the presence of a femoral spine on

the gonopods. The best we can do is to wait till more species are

sufficiently studied, and till we can define the genera with higher

probability of their phylogenetic correctness.

I give two keys, one based upon the male characters for the seven

species of which we know the males, and a second for all the species.

Key to the Species of Lophostreptus, based upon the Males.

la. The tibia or the tibia and the postfemur of the anterior legs padded . 2.

2a. Telopodite of gonopod without femoral spine, the lappet on the top of the

gonopod not hairy. Tibia and postfemur padded. No keels on the

posterior margin of the collum ; antennae short ‘ . regularis Att.

2b. Gonopod with strong femoral spine. At the tip of the gonopod a hairy

lappet. Only the tibia padded. Collum with short longitudinal keels on

the posterior margin. Antennae long and slender . 2 carli D. sp.

16. Anterior legs not padded . : 6 6 : é : : 5 Oh

3a.

3b.

4a.

5a.

5b.

4b,

6a.

6b.

la.

2a.

5a.

7b.

1b.

8a.

9a.

9b.

8b.

10a.

106.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 359

Telopodite of the gonopod with a little basal spine. The keels of the collum

occupy the whole surface 6 6 . strongylotropis Att.

a. The keels of the metasomite mridiided

strongylotropis strongylotropis Att.

6. The keels divided by a constriction strongylotropis constrictus Att.

No basal spine on the gonopod. Collum with abbreviated keels or without

keels . : 6 ees

In the middle of the DOMSHIOR Borda of fie ealtum some Shows longitudinal

keels. é : ¢ 7 : 5 O&

Lateral cone of canis of Bononed broadly pounded! 42-46 segments

bicolor Carl.

Lateral cone of coxite pointed. 50 segments 3 . . armatus Poe.

No keels in the middle of the collum . 3 6 6 é : a &

The head and collum nearly smooth . é j : : kandti Carl.

The head and collum densely punctate : : . philostreptoides Carl.

Key to all the Species of Lophostreptus.

The anterior part of the collum smooth in the middle (keels present only on

the sides or along the posterior border) . : babs 2s

In the middle of the posterior border of the collum some Short leneitudieal

keels . 5 , 0 Ok

. Anterior legs panded Telopedite of bdconed ah Tomnorals spine carlin. sp.

. Anterior legs not padded. No femoral spine. East Africa . bicolor Carl.,

armatus Poe.

. No keels in the middle of the posterior border of the collum . : sikgh es

. Head and middle of the collum nearly smooth, not punctate. East Africa

kandti Carl.

. Head and collum strongly punctate . b ¢ Oe

Whole prosomite or its dorsum and _ sides cee eticomite blackish-

brown . : : : : 5 5 ak

. Fourth and fifth faints of anterior ae padded . - . regularis Att.

. None of the legs padded . Q : : : : : tersus Cook.

. Somites uniform dark brown . é See

. Thickened border of anal valves eieete coparated by a bramow from the inner

margin; laterally accompanied by a deep groove. cameranit Silv.,

ptilostreptoides Carl.

Thickened border of anal valves deeply punctate. The furrow on the inner

margin as in camerani ; the groove laterally to the thickening, weak

ulopygus n. sp.

Keels occupying whole surface of collum

Keels of metasomite entire (not constricted in the ratdalle)

Each metasomite with about 50 keels 4 6 é . andreini ‘Br él

Each metasomite with 35-37 keels. ; : . strongylotropis Att.

Keels of metasomite divided into two halves by a constriction in the middle 10.

Both halves of each keel (anterior as well as posterior) tooth-like posteriorly

ido)

scalatus Karsch.

Anterior half of each keel rounded posteriorly strongylotropis constrictus Att.

360 Annals of the South African Museum.

207. Lophostreptus camerani Silv.

1896. Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xi, No. 257, p. 3.

Colour blackish-brown, legs yellowish; antennae with joints 1-5

yellowish, the rest brown.

2, 47-49 segments. Width 3-4 mm.

Head-plate in the fore part more weakly, on the vertex deeply

punctate and wrinkled. Interocular line not visible. Vertex line

weak. Collum laterally narrowed, posterior border straight; the sides

with 2-3 deep folds, the first close to the margin, and 6-7 short keels

beginning on the posterior margin. Middle of dorsum free of keels,

the whole collum roughly punctate and wrinkled. Anterior corner

broadly rounded and somewhat prominent. First part of prosomite,

more than one-third, with fine, irregular cross-furrows; then a strip

with a network of fine raised lines, continued on the dorsum as far

as the transverse suture, separated at the sides from the suture by a

strip of fine wrinkles and grooves. The first zone of the metasomite

has a smaller diameter than the rest of the metasomite ; the furrows

or grooves between the keels make it appear to be composed of a row

of rounded pits. Silvestri says, “‘ sutura profunda grosse punctata.”

Longitudinal keels of metasomites numerous; deepened space

between them grooved, wrinkled, and punctate ; abbreviated smaller

keels here and there, beginning on the suture or on the posterior

border. Posterior margin of metasomite serrated by the prominent

keels. The pores are situated in the middle of the metasomite in

front of one abbreviated keel; the space before the pore smooth,

the pore very small. Yellow punctures are in a single regular row.

Anal segment punctate and wrinkled and without keels. Thickened

border of anal valves smooth; on the inner side separated by a

furrow from the margin; on the outer side accompanied by a deep

groove. Sternites transversely striated.

Bulawayo, Matabeleland (7455) ; Karungula, Matabeleland (Silv.).

208. Lophostreptus ulopygus un. sp.

Colour dark brown or black.

Q, 47-54 segments. Width 3-5 mm. (54 segments) to 5 mm. (47

segments).

Head and collum roughly punctate as in cameraniw. Collum: shape

the same as in cameranit, laterally narrowed, the posterior border

straight. Anterior and lateral margin finely bordered; two strong

folds and 15 or 16 short keels, disappearing gradually in rough wrinkles.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 361

Prosomites as in cameranit ; the first zone with fine, anastomosing

concentric furrows, passing gradually into the network of raised lines

of the second zone; this zone touches the suture on the dorsum; at

the sides it is separated by a third zone with longitudinal furrows.

The longitudinal keels of the metasomite are higher and further

apart than incameranit. No abbreviated keels. The spaces between

the keels with pits. Very small pores in the middle of the meta-

somite, between two keels. Yellow punctures in a single regular row.

Sternite transversely striated.

Thickening of anal valves very broad; wrinkled and punctured in

the same manner as the whole anal segment. The groove lateral to

the thickening is weak ; the furrow on the inner side the same as in

cameranit. No dorsal keels on the anal segment.

Transvaal._-Kaapmuiden (B. 4041); 20 miles from Pietersburg,

Zoutpansberg Dist. (7490) ; Venterstroom (13522) ; Barberton (7482).

209. Lophostreptus carli n. sp.

(Pl. XXIII, figs. 529, 530.)

Colour : metasomites dark brown, prosomites dark brown down the

middle, lateral parts of dorsum yellowish, ventral side darker, the

boundary of the two colours irregular. Anterior part of clypeus,

the antennae, and the legs yellowish-brown.

Width: 3g, 4 mm.; 9,5 mm. @ with 44 segments (all 33 being

broken, the number of segments cannot be determined).

Whole head-plate densely and almost roughly punctate; some broad,

shallow, longitudinal wrinkles. The labral sinus moderately deep ;

four supralabral pits. Antennae long and slender, reaching the pos-

terior border of the fifth segment. Collum with one row of longitudinal

keels along the whole posterior margin. The spaces between the

median keels occupied by rough punctures; the non-keeled anterior

part densely punctured in the same manner as the head. Anterior

angle rounded but not prominent. Two strong, curved folds and one

abbreviated fold. The anterior part of the prosomite with very dense,

fine, circular furrows ; the posterior part with a network of fine ridges.

Transverse suture indistinct. The anterior part of the metasomite

has the same diameter as the prosomite; then the metasomite is

enlarged and covered with about 70 sharp longitudinal keels; these

keels are regular and project at the posterior border as rounded

teeth. Spaces between the keels roughly punctured. Abbreviated

keels between the regular keels are scarce. Pore situated in the anterior

362 Annals of the South African Museum.

part of one enlarged and forked keel. The yellow punctures very

large, oval, in a single row.

Thickening of anal valves very broad, separated by a broad

furrow from the fine marginal border and wrinkled on the surface.

The ring part and the anal scale roughly wrinkled. Dorsal process

broadly rounded. Posterior border of anal scale nearly straight.

Sternites with regular and dense transverse striae. Penultimate

joint of the legs with a large pad projecting like a tooth. The preceding

joint indistinctly or not padded.

Gonopods (figs. 529, 530): lateral cone of the coxite large, abruptly

pointed. On the anterior side of the medial border near the tip a blunt

lappet turned outwards. Lateral leaf high, broadly rounded, bearing

an area of long bristles. Femoral spine (Fd) of medium size, situated

in the curve, pointed, slightly curved and parallel to the succeeding part

of the telopodite. Distally from this spine a strong, abruptly pointed

process (a). The telopodite becomes filiform; before the tip a little

lateral lappet ; the tip itself is divided into a rounded, hairy little

appet and a branch bearing the prostate canal.

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (5991, 5995).

Gen. CALOSTREPTUS Cook.

1896. Brandtia, xii, p. 56.

First segment with a prominent ridge running from opposite the eye

to near the posterior corner, in front of which the segment is hollowed

out to receive the antennae. The concave part is finely striate, the

part above the ridge distinctly carinate, the carinae becoming gradu-

ally shorter. Front part of prosomites with many concentric stria-

tions, the posterior part finely and distinctly reticulate as far as the

carinae ; transverse suture not marked by a distinct transverse line ;

last segment with a median carina; anal valves with submarginal

ridges having distinct rugulose sulci. Sternites with transverse

striations.

210. Calostreptus carinatus n. sp.

Colour blackish-brown, antennae and legs yellowish-brown.

Forty-seven segments. Width 3-5 mm.

Eyes not numerous. Keels of the metasomite regular, high,

relatively far apart, their posterior end prominently dentate. The

spaces between the keels finely reticulate. Between the main keels

there are shorter ones, beginning on the suture. Pores minute,

opening in the fork of a keel. Dorsal segment roughly punctate and

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 363

wrinkled, with a weak longitudinal keel. Thickening of valves

smooth, separated laterally by a broad groove from a second smaller

thickening ; on the inner side a furrow separating them from a small

border. Scale truncate.

Salisbury, Rhodesia (B. 3352).

The type of Calostreptus, C. chelys Cook from Gaus East Africa,

has never been described, so that I cannot say whether this species

differs from the type.

2. Subfam. TRIAENOSTREPTINAE Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 148.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 200.

Prostate duct forked, each branch opening on a separate lobe of

the telopodite. Whole medial border of gonopod-coxite bent out-

wards and enlarged at the tip to a broad, rounded lobe.

Distribution.— Ethiopian Region.

Synopsis of the Genera.

la. Femoral spine of gonopod with several lateral a Graphidostreptus Attems.

16. Femoral spine simple é 5

2a. Stigmata triangular, not surpassing the ater al margin of the Seite: Femoral

spine rising just before the knee. Metasomites smooth dorsally

Triacnostreptus Attems.

2b. Stigmata very long in a transverse direction, far surpassing the lateral margin

of the sternite. Femoral spine rising at some distance behind the coxal

knee. Metasomites dorsally striated : ; Plagiotaphrus Attems.

Gen. TRIAENOSTREPTUS Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 149.

The coxal spine rises from the coxal knee; it is long and more or

less flattened and band-like, generally curved, rarely straight. The

telopodite of the posterior gonopod is band-like and enlarged in its

first part, describing a spiral ; then it becomes slender and cylindrical ;

only in 7. unciger does it bear a little lateral spine. The tip is tripartite,

the seminal duct forked, each arm opening on a separate branch ;

the third lobe is broader. A small lamella at the tip sometimes bears

small points. The sternite is V-shaped, with acute or blunt angle.

The outwardly bent margin of the anterior gonopod is narrow in its

whole length only in 7. kymatorhabdus ; in the other species the tip

is enlarged, forming a broad lobe sometimes surpassing the lateral

margin. In 1. petersi this lobe is relatively flat and hollowed on the

364 Annals of the South African Museum.

aboral side, while it is thick and globular in the other species. The

lateral leaf is rounded and covered with hair at the tip. There are

concentric furrows on the ventral surface or parallel to the transverse

suture, or one or several of them are bent backwards to meet the last

furrow. The metasomites are very densely and finely punctate ; the

longitudinal furrows are continued dorsally from the pore, either on —

all the segments or only in the anterior half of the body. The yellow

punctures are arranged in a single row. The legs are padded from

the third to the last pair in the fourth and fifth joints. 4-7 supralabral

pits. Labral sinus deep. Sternites smooth or with traces of small

weak striae. Stigmata triangular, the lateral margin in a straight

line with the lateral margin of the sternite. Dorsal margin of anal

segment with blunt angle. The thickening of the valves moderately

high and rising gradually. Scale with blunt angles or rounded.

One of the six species is found in West Africa, the other five in

South Africa.

Key to the Species of Triaenostreptus.

la. Gonopod-coxite with a large lateral cone ° ‘ (6) conatus n. sp.

1b. No lateral cone on coxite of gonopod . : , : : ; Be OX,

2a. Telopodite of gonopod with a little lateral spine. é (1) wnciger n. sp.

2b. Telopodite of gonopod without lateral spine . : : : a. 1 Ob

3a. Outwardly bent medial margin of gonopod-coxite not appreciably enlarged at

its end and extending only as far as the middle. On the hindmost area of the

prosomite, between the last concentric furrow and the transverse suture, is a

fine sinuate line (sometimes broken up into little ridges)

(2) kymatorhabdus Attems.

3b. Outwardly bent medial margin of gonopod-coxite enlarged at the tip, forming

a knob which surpasses the lateral margin : 5 ¢ : o Gb

4a. Concentric furrows of prosomite very numerous ; on every segment some of the

latter become irregular and are bent backwards, meeting the last concentric

furrow, which remains straight. Base of terminal knob of gonopod not

surpassed by a rounded lamella on the aboral side . (8) triodus Attems.

4b. Concentric furrows of the prosomite less numerous and regular on the ventral

surface; only last furrow bent backwards. Base of terminal knob of

gonopod surpassed by a rounded lamella . : : : : = 10%

5a. Terminal knob of gonopod slighter, its aboral side hollowed and cup-like. The

lamella passing from the lateral knob enters this cup. @ with 60-64

segments : : : . (4) peterst Karsch.

5b. Terminal knob of soreped fick ana globular not hollowed on the aboral side.

$ with 69-73 segments . : . : : : 6, 10s

6a. The space between the last concentric furrow and ihe transverse suture with a

little sinuate or vault-shaped stria, as in kymatorhabdus. The metasomites

very smooth on the dorsum. Femoral spine straight (5) kriigert n. sp.

6b. In the space between the last concentric furrow and the transverse suture no

sinuate striae. Metasomites dorsally with short longitudinal striae and

somewhat rugged. Femoral spine curved . tripartitus Cook and Collins.

—

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

fon)

211. (1) Triaenostreptus unciger nv. sp.

(Pl. XIII, figs. 318-320.)

Colour: metasomites black, prosomites blackish ‘or yellowish-

brown; antennae, clypeus, and legs very dark reddish-brown.

3, 69 segments ; width, in the fore part 11:8 mm., in the middle

13 mm., collum 12°3 mm. 9, 73 segments; width, in the fore part

12:6 mm., in the middle 14:7 mm., collum 13-5 mm.

Labral sinus deep; 6-7 supralabral pits. Anterior part of clypeus

strongly or weakly wrinkled and densely punctate. Vertex smooth.

Internal angle of eyes pointed, surpassing base of antennae; space

between the eyes less than the diameter of an eye. Interocular and

vertex lines distinct. Collum the same as in 7. triodus; anterior

angle with a large lobe. Superior margin of this lobe and anterior

margin of collum at right angles to each other. Lobe rounded and

thickened, the inferior margin somewhat convex; 3-4 straight and

one or several curved furrows.

Concentric furrows of prosomite straight as far as the sternite ;

only the last bent backwards, the last space not much wider than the

preceding one, and longitudinally striated on the ventral surface as

in the metasomite ; dorsally densely punctate and rugged ; the first

strip of the metasomite the same, the rest of the metasomite smooth

dorsally ; the longitudinal furrows of the metasomite are strong on

the ventral surface ; dorsally to the pore they are weak lines, com-

pletely absent in the middle of the dorsum. The yellow punctures

are large and arranged in a single close-set row.

Anal segment densely and finely wrinkled; its dorsal margin

triangular and blunt, not separated by a transverse groove. The

marginal thickening of the valves moderately high, rising gradually.

Anal scale with a blunt angle and rounded apex. Sternites smooth,

in the middle several hardly visible fine striae. The stigmata tri-

angular, their lateral margins in a straight line with the sternite.

Posterior pairs of legs padded.

Gonopods (figs. 318-320): the tip of the medial leaf is bent out-

wards, forming a thick knob, similar to that of traodus and kriigeri ;

on the aboral side (fig. 319) a short lamella, passing into the lateral

knob (k) close to the point where the posterior gonopod arises. On

the surface of this a low, rounded knob (M). The tip of the lateral

leaf is rounded and covered with hair (fig. 318). Telopodite : femoral

spine (Cd) long, straight, and pointed ; first part of telopodite band-

366 Annals of the South African Museum.

like and describing a circle, then becoming slender and bearing a

lateral spine (s) which easily distinguishes this from the other species.

Vryburg, Transvaal (B. 3366).

212. (2) Triaenostreptus kymatorhabdus Att.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 157.

Walfish Bay, S.W. Africa (Att.); Farm Paulinenhof, near Wind-

hoek (Michaelsen Coll.).

213. (3) Triaenostreptus triodus Attems.

1909. Spirostreptus triodus Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise

Stidafrik., p. 46.

1914. Treaenostreptus triodus Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 150,

pl. iv, figs. 76-79.

(Pl. XIII, fig. 322.)

Concentric furrows of prosomite becoming irregular on the ventral

surface, bending backwards and meeting the last furrow; but this

last furrow remains straight and does not meet the transverse suture.

The metasomite is very finely and densely punctate (seen so only

under the microscope). Dorsal process of anal segment strongly

wrinkled. The gonopods* are distinguished from those of kriigeri

by the shape of the aboral side of the coxites. Here the terminal

knobs are so placed on the surface that between the two a deep slit

is formed; the fold proceeding from the lateral knob beside the

praefemur to the tip lies under the terminal knob; while in krtigeri

there is a free, prominent lamella lying at the base of the terminal

knob. The knob on the lateral side has several secondary knobs.

In one ¢ from Otjiwarongo it is mammiform. The oral side of the

coxite is like that of kriigert. The tip of the lateral leaf is covered

with hair and the surface is deepened. The femoral spine of the

gonopod is S-shaped. The telopodite is band-like, forms a circle in

its first part, and is then abruptly narrowed and describes another

circle (fig. 322).

Du Toit’s Pan, Kimberley (1567); Upington, Cape Province (B.

5260); Ababis (2218), near Maltahohe, 8.W. Africa (2219); Living-

stone (13713), Rhodesia ; Otjiwarongo (B. 5293). Kalahari: Kang ;

between Kang and Kgokong; between Lookaneng and Severelela ;

Damaraland, Otjuo, Otjimbingue (Schultze) ; Okawango, Okahandja,

Grootfontein (Michaelsen), 8.W. Africa.

* See figures in Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 367

214. (4) Triaenostreptus petersi (Karsch).

1884. Spirostreptus peterst Karsch, Neue Juliden, Zeit. Ges. Nat.,

lix, p. 20.

1914. Triaenostreptus peterst Attems, Afrikan. Spirosttept., p. 152.

(Pl. XIII, fig. 321.)

Gonopods: medial margin of gonopod-coxite bent outwards ; en-

larged at the tip, forming a thick knob surpassing the lateral margin ;

on the inner side this knob is not so broadly rounded as in the other

species, but 1s more prominent. The aboral side of the gonopod-

coxite is deepened. From this depression rises a rounded lamella (J)

connected with the lateral knob (k/) next to the praefemur. This

knob is thick and blunt and curved towards the aboral side (fig. 321).

The lateral leaf is terminated by a short, rounded lobe, and covered

with short hairs. The oral plane is deepened. The femoral spine

of the gonopod is strongly curved. The telopodite is first band-like

and describes a spiral, then slender and cylindrical.

Mazoe, Mashonaland (1565); Tette, Portuguese East Africa

(Karsch) ; Mozambique (Cook).

215. (5) Triaenostreptus kriigert un. sp.

(Pl. XIII, figs. 315-317.)

Colour black, the covered part of prosomite yellow and brown.

Legs dark reddish-brown.

3, 69-71 segments. Width, collum 10-4 mm., in the fore part

9-7-10-2 mm., middle 11:4-11-7 mm.

Labral sinus deep, rounded ; seven supralabral pits, the outer more

distant. Clypeus weakly wrinkled. Vertex smooth. Ocelli very

flat; inner angle of eyes surpassing the antennae. Space between

the eyes equal to the diameter of an eye. Interocular and vertex

lines distinct. Lobe on anterior corner of collum broad, thickened,

with three complete and several abbreviated furrows.

Concentric furrows of prosomite running direct to the sternite ;

only the last bent backwards. The last space, as in T. kyimatorhabdus,

covered with fine, sinuate striae, sometimes indistinct ; otherwise

very finely wrinkled and punctate; ventral surface longitudinally

striated as in the metasomite. Longitudinal furrows of metasomite

unbroken as far as the pore; dorsally to the pore they are very weak

and generally abbreviated ; on the dorsum they disappear completely.

Metasomite very densely and finely punctate, otherwise smooth (not

368 Annals of the South African Museum.

wrinkled). Yellow punctures arranged in a single compressed row.

Anal segment densely punctate and the posterior part finely wrinkled.

Dorsal prominence not separated by a groove. The moderately high

thickening of the valves rises gradually. Scale angular and blunt.

Sternites smooth; the lateral margin of the triangular stigmata in

a straight line with the lateral margin of the sternite. Legs padded

from the third to the last pair.

Gonopods (figs. 315, 317) : on the aboral side of the gonopod-coxite

(fig. 8317) a rounded lamella (/) whose outer margin extends as far as

the lateral knob beside the telopodite. This lamella les on the base

of the terminal knob, so that no slit is visible between this knob and

the trunk. The knob beside the telopodite as in triodus, but no

secondary little knobs are visible. Lateral leaf densely covered with

short hairs; its anterior plane deepened. Femoral spine straight ;

the telopodite resembling that of triodus, but the first band-like part

does not describe a complete circle. The tip (fig. 315) with three

branches.

Krugersdorp, Transvaal (A. 23403).

216. (6) Triaenostreptus conatus n. sp.

(Pl. XXIII, figs. 531-533.)

Colour black; legs and antennae dark reddish-brown ; anterior

part of prosomite (not visible if the animal is straightened) yellowish.

3 width 12-12-5 mm.; 60-64 segments. @2 width 14 mm.

Head-plate densely and finely punctate but not wrinkled. Labral

sinus very deep and narrow; four supralabral pits. Anterior corner

of collum forming a broad, rounded lappet ; two strong, curved folds

and some abbreviated folds. Circular furrows of the prosomite

numerous, somewhat irregular and anastomosing, running straight to

the sternite (also in the seventh segment) ; the punctuation very fine,

visible only with a strong lens. The fine longitudinal sulci of the

metasomites are present also above the pores, till half-way from the

pore to the median line. The pores distant from the transverse

sulcus. Sternites smooth ; cavity for the stigmata short and rounded.

Anal valves moderately compressed. The medial border arising

gradually, not thickened abruptly. Scale triangular; dorsal angle

of the anal segment triangular-rounded. The yellow punctures

arranged in one row. The tibia and postfemur of the legs. padded,

except in the last four pairs.

Sternite of gonopods (fig. 531) triangular, with broad base. The

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 369

laterally directed median lamella of the coxite enlarged distally, but

only to the middle of the whole width; on the lateral side a large,

pointed cone constricted at the base. Lateral lamella scarcely sur-

passing the knee of the telopodite; the lateral part of the tip of this

lamella is finely pubescent. The basal spine of the telopodite (fig.

532) arises from the knee; it is long and slender and nearly straight.

The telopodite, band-like in the beginning, becomes a slender cylinder,

terminated by three branches ; proximal to this branching is a trans-

verse rounded ridge, beset with microscopic hairs (fig. 533).

Masiene (6421), Zandemela (6023), both near Chai Chai, Portuguese

H. Africa.

Gen. PLAGIOTAPHRUS Attems.

1914, Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 160.

Stigmata very broad in the transverse direction, far surpassing the

lateral margin of the sternite. Only Thyropygus (of the family

Harpagophoridae) has similar stigmata. Pores beginning on the sixth

segment. Prosomites with regular concentric furrows running direct

to the sternite. Suture distinct. Metasomites longitudinally striated

on the whole dorsum, or the posterior segments are smooth dorsally.

Anal segment without prominent tail. The thickening of the valves

without a furrow on the inner side. Four supralabral pits. Labral

sinus narrow and deep. <¢ collum with a lobe at the anterior angle.

Fourth and fifth joints of legs padded. Femoral spine of posterior

gonopod rising somewhat distantly from the knee; it is large and

curved. Telopodite slender. Seminal duct forked; each branch

opening on a separate lobe. Gonopod-coxite with slender lateral

cones.

Distribution.—Kast Africa (one species), South Africa (one species).

217. Plagiotaphrus longius n. sp.

Metasomites reddish-brown or blackish, prosomites yellowish, legs

reddish-brown.

2, 70 segments. Width, in the fore part 11-5, in the middle 15 mm.

Labral sinus narrowed and deep. Whole clypeus with fine leathery

wrinkles. Inner angle of eyes sharp, far surpassing base of antennae ;

the space between the eyes less than the diameter of an eye. Inter-

ocular furrow scarcely visible. Ocelli distinctly convex. Collum

(of 2) very broad at the sides, the side margin convex ; three complete

and several abbreviated furrows. Distance between the very regular

VOL. XXVI. 24

370 Annals of the South African Museum.

concentric furrows of the prosomite increasing gradually. Exposed

part of prosomite and metasomite very densely and finely wrinkled.

The longitudinal furrows are indistinctly and partially visible on

the dorsum of the anterior segments; they disappear in the

wrinkles.

Umtali (13741), 8. Rhodesia.

The position of this species is not quite certain, as only the

female is known, but its resemblance to P. sulcifer is so striking

that we may presume it is a Plagiotaphrus. It differs from

P, suleifer in the number of segments (the latter has 70, it has 57)

and the less distinct longitudinal striation of the dorsum and the

more prominent inner angle of the eye. The male will furnish

better characters.

Gen. GRAPHIDOSTREPTUS Attems.

1909. Attems, Aethiop. Myr., Zool. Jahrb., xxvii, p. 414.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 154.

218. Graphidostreptus gigas Pet.

62. Spirostreptus gigas Peters, Reise Mossamb., p. 536.

2. Spirostreptus gigas Porat, Myr. Afric. Austral., Ofvers. Vet.

Ak. Forh., v, p. 29.

1914. Graphidostreptus gigas Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 155.

Porat has determined specimens collected by Wahlberg in Caftraria

as gigas. At the time that Porat’s paper was published there was

only one genus “ Spzrostreptus,’ now identical with the order Spiro-

streptoidea, and the identification of Porat calls for confirmation. In

any case it is remarkable that nobody else has taken this species,

which is notable on account of its size.

Known from Mozambique, south of Zambesi, Zanzibar, Mombasa,

Gambia.

2. Fam. HARPAGOPHORIDAE Attems.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forschungsreise, p. 40.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 161.

1926. Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d. Zool., iv, p. 201.

Gonocoel of gonopods opening throughout its length on the lateral

side, or the basal part opening on the oral side and then running

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 371

obliquely to the lateral side, so that only a small part of the lateral

leaf is visible from the oral side. Telopodite of gonopod terminated

by a plate, usually bearing a row of strong, hooked spines. Anal

segment usually with a prominent tail. Scale sometimes coalesced

with the annular part of the anal segment.

Carl has published two new genera in two interesting papers, and

therefore a small modification of the diagnosis of the family is neces-

sary. The genus Stenuwrostreptus Carl has no hooked spines at all

on the terminal plate of the telopodite of the gonopod. These spines

have been hitherto considered one of the important characters of the

family ; the new genus must nevertheless be placed in the family

Harpagophoridae, because as regards all other characters it belongs

to this family. Stenurostreptus is a very interesting intermediate

form between two groups, as Carl has pointed out.

Synopsis of the Genera of Harpagophoridae.

la. Stigmata very long in a transverse direction, far surpassing the lateral margin

of the sternite ; F : Thyropygus Poc.

1b. Stigmata short, triangular, nit surpassing the lateral margin of the sternite 2.

2a. The terminal plate of the telopodite of the gonopods bears no hooked spines.

A long curved coxal spine present. : ; . Stenurostreptus Carl.

2b. The terminal plate of the telopodite bears a row of strong, hooked spines or (in

Phyllogonostreptus) a row of short, straight bristles. : : a

3a. Femoral knee without spines or with only one short, blunt tooth . 2 As

4a. Terminal plate of telopodite with a row of strong, hooked spines; at some

distance from the femoral knee a short spine. Metasomites dorsally with

deep longitudinal furrows 3 : : Ktenostreptus Attems.

4b. Terminal plate of telopodite bearing only, a row of short, straight bristles.

Coxae of gonopod without any spine. Metasomites without noticeable

sculpture : : , Phyllogonostreptus Carl.

3b. Femoral knee of bonoped an one or tno long spines. : 3 ay

5a. Femur of gonopod with two spines or processes. Telopodite of gonopod

beginning with a knob-like enlargement, projecting laterally. (Africa)

Harpagophora Attems.

5b. Femur of gonopod with one pointed spine, telopodite without knob-like

enlargement at the beginning . : 6 é s é : oO

6a. Anal segment without a tail : : F : Anurostreptus Attems.

6b. A projecting tail present. F 5 : : SU ide

7a. Tail compressed in a do1so-ventral direction, Diane and strient. Anal valves

without any thickening on the margin. Fourth joint of anterior legs

weakly, fifth joint distinctly padded : : . Hremobelus Attems.

7b. Tail cylindrical, longer. Margin of anal valves thickened 5 5 8h

8a. Fifth joint of legs padded (Asia) . : : ; . Rhynchoproctus Poe.

8b. Fourth and fifth joints of legs padded. (South Africa) . Poratophilus Silv.

372 Annals of the South African Museum.

la.

2a.

20.

16.

3a.

3b.

4a.

5a.

4b.

6a.

Gen. HaRPAGOPHORA Attems.

1909. Attems, L. Schultze’s Forschungsreise Sudafrika, ii, p. 41.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 162.

Key to the Species of Harpagophora.

Femur of gonopods with two nearly equal simple spines, one of them directed

transversely outwards. A narrow edge separated by a small furrow from

the rest of the border on the anterior margin of the collum . : 2.

A long lateral cone present on the gonopod-coxite. Tip of gonopod camel

into a typical comb lamella, a slender spine, and a pointed lamella; meta-

somites dorsally punctate and striate. Sternites transversely striate

spirobolina Karsch.

Gonopod without lateral cone. On the tip of the gonopod two large lamellae,

the one corresponding to the comb lamella bearing several structures like

the blades of a knife. Metasomites dorsally smooth. Sternites smooth

levis n. sp.

One spine of the two femoral spines of the gonopod is strong, with two or more

points; the second slender and directed obliquely outwards. No small

furrow on the border of the collum and consequently no narrow edge

separated off . . . . o 8b

The larger of the two femoral spines ‘divided nit ere very 7 laee divergent

points. At the tip of the gonopod a relatively long and slender plate. (The

spine-branch of the gonopod is a simple, long, and slender spine)

diplocrada Attems.

The larger of the two femoral spines with two small points; the tip of the

gonopod rounded on the inner side, or if narrowed (nigra) shorter than in

diplocrada. : : : : nas

The spine-branch of the gonopod is a sane. fing black tooth, the margins

not distinctly denticulated : : . 5

The black point at the tip of the large femoral spine of “ane gonopod is

divided at right angles. No teeth on the medial margin of the gonopod.

Posterior angle of collum passing a little beyond the posterior border.

Marginal thickening of anal valves angular on the inner side

monodus Attems.

. The whole of the black point on the large femoral spine straight ; on the medial

margin of the gonopod a curved, distally directed, pointed tooth. Posterior

angle of collum rounded, not surpassing the posterior border. Marginal

thickening of anal valves rounded on the inner side. . nigra Attems.

Spine-branch of gonopod with several spines besides the principal spine.

(Both points of the large coxal ae jaa Posterior angle of collum

not projecting) ; c Os

On the prosomite close Before the suture numerous chore amuted! or raised

transverse striae; collum broad at the sides. Prominent margin at tip of

inner side of anterior gonopod beginning with a pointed tooth (figs. 324, 325)

polyodus Attems.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 373

6b. Prosomite before the suture granulated or smooth, at most with very indistinct

striae; sides of collum narrowed. The prominent inner margin of the

anterior gonopod disappears gradually without forming a tooth in the basal

part of the margin . c : 0 : . : : 2 op Ue

7a. On the medial margin of the gonopods a little tooth. The spines of the spine-

branch of the gonopod are separated by a sinus from the comb lamella

alokopyga Attems.

7b. No teeth on the medial margin of the gonopod. The spines of the spine-

branch are continued without a break on the comb lamella

dittoktenus Attems.

219. (1) Harpagophora levis n. sp.

(Pl. XIII, figs. 328-331.)

Colour: dorsum yellowish or reddish-brown, with a transverse

black spot covering the posterior half of every metasomite ; the sides

and the ventral surface chestnut, bordered with black at the sides.

Head with antennae, legs, and lobe of collum yellowish ; anal segment

the same, but the tail and the borders of valves blackish.

3, 44 segments; width 6-4mm. 9, 45 segments; width 7-6 mm.

Labral sinus moderately deep, four supralabral pits. Clypeus in

the fore part roughly, then finely punctate. Ocelli distinctly convex ;

inner margin of eyes hardly surpassing base of antennae. Interocular

furrow scarcely visible, vertex line very weak, both meeting in a pit.

Vertex shining and polished. Anterior and lateral margin of collum

forming a right angle, the angle somewhat rounded; anterior mar-

gin moderately broadly bordered; posterior margin straight in the

male, so that no prominence is visible at the posterior angle. The

border has no furrow, as in dittoktenus and dvplocrada, parallel to

the margin and separating a narrow edge from the rest of the

border.

Concentric furrows of prosomite numerous, somewhat irregular ;

space between last concentric furrow and transverse suture covered

dorsally with short, raised, or sinuate striae; at the sides these striae

are oblique. Metasomites dorsally very smooth, ventral surface with

the usual regular longitudinal furrows. Pore smail, at junction of

anterior and middle thirds ; dorsally to the pore very fine longitudinal

striae, becoming gradually weaker and disappearing completely on

the dorsum. Sternites smooth. Stigma large, the sides more

divergent than the sides of the sternite. Tail moderately long, the

tip curved upwards. Scale rounded; valves moderately raised ;

the border abrupt but not separated by a furrow; no small furrow

on inner side of border.

O74 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gonopods (fig. 328): distal part of gonopod-coxite forming a deep

groove, protecting the distal spine. Medial lamella of this groove with

a pointed tooth directed basally, lateral lamella with a blunt tooth

on the outer side. Gonopod telopodite with two femoral spines

(fig. 331) nearly equal in length, the one directed straight distally

and concealed in the gonopod, the second transverse and free. There

is also a third short tooth directed distally. The telopodite (figs. 329,

330) is different from those of the other Harpagophora; the spine-

branch (Dp) being a broad, rounded lamella, with a 2-pointed lobe

at the side. The branch with the seminal duct (kb) is also a broad

plate, beset with several structures like the blades of a knife, the tip

curved.

Riet Vlei, Umvoti Distr., Natal (7752).

220. (2) Harpagophora spirobolina Karsch.

1881. Spirostreptus spirobolinus Karsch, Neue Jul., Zeitschr. Ges.

Nat., liv, p. 28.

1914. Harpagophora spirobolina Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p.

163.

(Pl. XID, fig. 323.)

Van Rhynsdorp, Cape Province (1650); Kentani; 8.W. Africa

(Karsch).

221. (3) Harpagophora diplocrada Attems.

1909. Attems, Myr. in Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 42.

Maltahohe (B. 2221), Gamis (B. 22150), Otjiwarongo (S8.W.

Africa), Gt. Namaqualand, Damaraland, South Hereroland, Walfish

Bay (Att.), Rehoboth, Karibib, Windhoek (Michaelsen).

222. (4) Harpagophora monodus Attems.

1909. Attems, Myr. in Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 43.

Steinkopf, Little Namaqualand (1544) ; Kamaggas, Steinkopf, Little

Namaqualand (Attems).

223. (5) Harpagophora nigra Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 164.

Clanwilliam (7594), Port Elizabeth (7408), Caledon, Cape Province

(23339), Hopefield ; Cape Province (Attems).

ce) |

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 37!

224. (6) Harpagophora polyodus Att.

1909. Attems, Myr. in Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 45.

(Pl. XIII, figs. 324, 325.)

Clanwilliam (7568), Matjesfontein (13473, 23363), Little Namaqua-

land (Att.).

225. (7) Harpagophora alokopyga Att.

1909. Attems, Myr. in Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 44.

Little Namaqualand (Attems).

226. (8) Harpagophora dittoktenus Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 165.

(Pl. XIII, figs. 326, 327.)

Ashton, in soil under bushes in the Karroo (1672). Cape Province

(Attems).

Some species published as “‘ Spirostreptus’’ belong perhaps to the

genus Harpagophora. Except in S. marginatus Por. only females are

described, so that a re-examination of the types would be of little use.

For the sake of completeness they are mentioned here:

Sprrostreptus attenuatus Brandt.

1893. Porat, Bihang. Sv. Ak. Handl., xviii, p. 36.

Little Namaqualand ().

Sprrostreptus clavatus Vog.

1878. Voges, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., xxxi, p. 170.

Africa (2).

Sprrostreptus marginatus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 38.

Caffraria (3).

Spirostreptus meinerti Por.

1872. Porat, Otvers. Vet. Ak. Morh., vy, p. 37.

Caffraria (2).

Spirostreptus falcicollis Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 36.

Little Namaqualand, Cafiraria (9).

376 Annals of the South African Museum.

Spirostreptus flavifrons Porat.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v, p. 35.

Cafiraria.

Spirostreptus erythropareius Brandt.

1872. Porat, loc. cit., p. 86.

1893. Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), x1, p. 135.

Cape, Caffraria.

Gen. PoRATOPHILUS Silv.

1897. Silvestri, Neue Diplop., Abh. K. Zool. M. Dresden, vi, p. 16.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 167.

1917. Carl, Spirostrept. Nouv., Rev. Suisse Zool., xxv, p. 383.

When I published the “Afrikanische Spirostreptiden ” a single species

(australis) was known, and that very incompletely, from an insufficient

description by Silvestri. Since then Carl has described three new

species in a very clear manner; I doubt whether these three species

belong to the same genus as australis. The drawings given by

Silvestri are so incomplete that one cannot make a detailed com-

parison with the drawings of Carl, but it seems that the form

of the gonopods is generically different from that in the three

recent species, which undoubtedly belong to the same genus as the

five species described here as new. Whether Carl’s species and mine

belong to Poratophilus in the sense of Silvestri could only be verified

by a re-examination of the type of australis, which is impossible for

me now ; and I prefer to leave all the species in the genus Poratophilus,

proposing the name Philoporatia for the eight new species if australis

should prove itself to be generically distinct.

The species of Poratophilus are extremely similar and the females

of several species are not distinguishable. P. punctatus is relatively

easy to recognise on account of its dense punctuation on the anterior

half of the metasomite. Carl says that distinctus has a lobe at the

anterior angle of the collum, absent in the other species. Otherwise

there is a great degree of uniformity. The minute distinctions in

external sculpture are difficult to describe. As regards colour I

cannot say much, because it has been altered by long immersion in

bad alcohol. Also the individual variability of the most important

character, the gonopods, cannot be determined, seeing that each

species is represented by only a single specimen. It 1s a very peculiar

fact that the material contained six tubes of Poratophilus and every

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 377

tube a different species. Poratophilus is a genus which I especially

recommend for further investigation with more ample material,

investigation which can only be carried out by somebody in South

Africa.

Distribution.—South Africa.

Key to the Species of Poratophilus.

la. Gonopod-coxite enlarged distally and broadly rounded, without prominent

tooth either within or without . . australis Silv.

16. At the tip of the medial margin of the sonopod! aes one or two pointed teeth

rise above the inner side; on the outside also there are toothed or lobed

prominences . ° 2 : : 5 ae

2a. On inner side of medial margin two pointed eh femoral spine of gonopod

directed obliquely Pe sere visible in its greater part. 4 with 44

segments : c : : : 0 diplodontus n. sp.

2b. On inner side of medial margin only one cararale directed tooth. Femoral

spine directed straight distally and nearly concealed under the lobe

of the gonopod-coxite ; or directed transversely inwards. 4 with 47-53

segments ¢ : : a) Bb

3a. Femoral spine long, fender earved and eeraly aeorae on the outside of

the extremity of the gonopod-coxite a slender prominence . ; . 4

4a. Thumb on apex of gonopod with several lobes or teeth ; free part of prosomite

and anterior zone of metasomite densely and relatively coarsely punctate,

with irregular longitudinal stripes. : punctatus n. sp.

4b. Thumb on gonopod a simple smooth hook Het ‘iaeeral lobes : 5. &

5a. Internal spine of anterior lamella of gonopod-coxite long, directed obliquely

downwards ; tip not hooked. Terminal margin of posterior lamella smooth

robustus n. sp.

5b. Internal spine of anterior lamella shorter, directed transversely inwards ;

tip hooked. Terminal margin of posterior lamella sinuate or undulated

sabulosus n. sp.

3b. Femoral spine of gonopod a straight prolongation of the praefemur and nearly

concealed by lobes of gonopod-coxite. No prominence on outside of

gonopod-coxite é é 6.

6a. The forwardly and inwardly cerected forriial Tebes (a) af the pasterion ninelis

of the gonopod-coxite touch or cross one another : : le ai

7a. These lobes cross one another; the inner margins of the gonopod- sorsties are

weakly divergent. enna margin of inwardly directed tooth on medial

border has several smaller teeth é : : , : similis Carl.

7b. The lobes touch one another without crossing: inner margins of gonopod-

coxites diverge strongly. Tooth on medial border of lamella is smooth,

without teeth : ; junodi Carl.

6b. Terminal lobes of gonopod- ceoeite: remain Aion fom one another . 5

8a. Collum with distinct lobe in the anterior angle. 48 segments. Width 7 mm

distinctus Carl.

8b. Anterior angle of collum not lobed. 53 segments. Width 10-7 mm

brevilobatus n. sp.

378 Annals of the South African Museum.

227. (1) Poratophilus australis Silv.

1897. Silvestri, Neue Diplop., Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, vi, p. 17.

South Africa (no precise information).

228. (2) Poratophilus diplodontus n. sp.

(Pl. XIII, fig. 332; Pl. XIV, figs. 333-335.)

Prosomites and anterior half of collum yellowish-brown ; rest of

body dark reddish-brown ; basal joints of legs yellowish, terminal

joints dark brown.

3, 44 segments. Width in fore part and middle 7-5 mm.

Clypeus punctate, with 1+5-+1 supralabral pits, otherwise smooth,

not wrinkled ; internal angle of eyes as in gwnod?, the interocular line

invisible. Sides of collum in ¢ not enlarged and without a lobe at the

anterior angle; anterior and lateral margins forming a right angle,

the angle itself rounded. LEncircling lines on prosomites numerous,

fine, irregular; in the first segments they are bounded posteriorly

by a straight furrow; the last space between this furrow and the

suture has short, undulating lines. In the middle and hinder segments

the encircling lines pass gradually into these short strokes without

separation by a straight furrow. Metasomites completely smooth.

Gonopods (figs. 333, 3534): the gonopod-coxites are distinguished

from those of all other species in that the medial margin of the anterior

lamella bears two pointed, inwardly directed teeth (z.z), whilst in the

other species there is only one tooth. The inwardly turned lobe of

the posterior lamella is long, distally narrowed, and broadly rounded.

The femoral spine of the gonopod rises obliquely inwards and is

directed distally, visible through its greatest part (not concealed under

the lobes of the gonopod-coxite). The thumb is cylindrical, the tip

blunt and curved into a semicircle ; the comb lamella bears a long,

straight spine and some small spines close together (I was not able

to see a thin hyaline edge). The second lamella (p) is rounded

(figs. 332, 335).

Johannesburg, Transvaal (7305).

229. (58) Poratophilus punctatus n. sp.

(Pl. XIV, figs. 351-354.)

Antennae, legs, and anterior half of prosomites yellowish-brown,

the rest of the body dark chestnut.

3; 49 segments. Width 8-3 mm.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 379

Clypeus not very densely, but irregularly, punctate and wrinkled ;

the number of supralabral pits cannot be given with accuracy. Labral

sinus very deep. Inner angle of eyes extending very little beyond

base of antennae. Sides of collum not narrowed, anterior and lateral

margins forming nearly a right angle. LEncircling lines of prosomite

bounded posteriorly by a straight furrow ; last space with short un-

dulating lines and finely wrinkled. First zone of metasomite very

densely punctate, posterior part with scattered punctuation and

irregular, fine, longitudinal lines. The punctuation of the metasomites

easily distinguishes this species from robustus and sabulosus.

Gonopods: the lateral (posterior) lamella of the gonopod-coxite

(figs. 351, 352) bears on the outer side a strong, somewhat curved,

blunt tooth (J), which is otherwise found only in robustus. The

inwardly turned lobe (a) is short, rounded, and does not extend as

far as the interior margin. The terminal margin between these two

prominences is trilobed. The femoral spine (Cd) is very long and

slender and directed transversely inwards, in this way not being con-

cealed under the lobes of the gonopod-coxite. The thumb (d) bears

several partly pointed, partly rounded lobes ; the teeth of the comb

(Kb) with hyaline edge. The second lamella (p) rounded. The border

curved upwards (figs. 353, 354).

Dunbrody on the Sundays River, Uitenhage Div. (7376).

230. (4) Poratophilus robustus nu. sp.

(Pl. XIV, figs. 347-350.)

Anterior half of prosomite yellowish-brown, posterior half dark

reddish-brown, metasomite reddish. Anterior part of the clypeus,

antennae, and legs dark reddish-brown.

3g, 48 segments. Width 9 mm., the fore part and middle equally

wide.

Labral sinus deep, clypeus densely and coarsely punctate, so that

the supralabral pits are indistinct; I observed 1+3-+-1. Interior

angle of eye extending a very little further inwards than base of

antennae. Interocular furrow weak; vertex line shallow. Collum

as in yunodi, without lobe in the anterior angle ; sides not narrowed,

anterior angle nearly a right angle; marginal border somewhat

thickened ; one curved fold indistinct. Encircling lines of prosomite

numerous, fine, somewhat irregular, posteriorly passing gradually into

short sinuate stripes ; free part of prosomite finely wrinkled ; anterior

half of metasomite with scattered punctuation, posterior half smooth.

380 Annals of the South African Museum.

Sternites smooth. Anal segment and cushions of the legs as in

junodt.

Gonopods: tip of lateral (posterior) leaf bent forwards; on the

outer side a little blunt and slender tooth (/) ; on the inner side hardly

any prominence. Medial (anterior) leaf terminated by a large, strong

hook (7) directed towards the inside and base. Femoral spine (Cd) —

of the gonopod clearly visible, with a long sickle-like curve directed

inwards. Thumb (d) slender, pointed, with smooth margins. Comb

lamella (Av) with 13 strong blades having hyaline margins and a

darker centre ; second lamella (p) rounded, with a lobe on one side

(figs. 348, 350).

Louis Trichardt, N. Transvaal (B. 4080).

231. (5) Poratophilus sabulosus un. sp.

(Pl. XIV, figs. 343-346.)

Prosomite reddish-brown, gradually darkened posteriorly. Meta-

somite reddish-brown ; antennae and legs dark brown.

3, 46 segments. Width, in the fore part 9-2 mm., in the middle

10°6 mm.

Clypeus in the fore part densely and coarsely punctate and longi-

tudinally wrinkled. Vertex with scattered punctuation and trans-

verse wrinkles ; six supralabral pits. Collum with the beginning of

a lobe; anterior margin curving a little forwards and forming an

acute angle with the side margin; corner rounded ; sides of collum

punctate. Encircling lines of prosomite numerous, somewhat irregu-

lar, passing gradually into short transverse or oblique stripes covering

the hindmost space ; encircling lines and short stripes not separated

by a straight furrow. Metasomite dorsally with scattered punctua-

tion ; otherwise shining and smooth. Longitudinal ridges extending

as far as the foramen in the anterior segments and nearly as far in

the following segments. Foramen situated between first and second

quarters ; suture slightly curved forwards before the foramen. Ster-

nites smooth. All legs with pads. Anal segment as in other species.

The gonopods (figs. 343-346) strongly resemble those of robustus,

but differ in the following points: the spine (z) on the inner margin

of the anterior lamella is shorter, transversely directed, and hooked ;

the forwardly bent margin of the posterior lamella is sinuate (not

smooth as in robustus) ; the thumb (d) is short, broadly rounded.

Coldstream, Humansdorp, Cape Province (B. 5297) ; Otjiwarongo ;

Grootfontein Distr. (Michaelsen).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 381

232. (6) Poratophilus brevilobatus n. sp.

(Pl. XIV, figs. 339-342.)

The colour of all the segments passes from yellowish-brown or

reddish-brown on the anterior margin of the prosomite to reddish-

brown on the posterior margin of the metasomite, so that the body is

annulated.

3S, 53 segments. Width, in the fore part 9°3 mm., in the middle

10-7 mm.

Five supralabral pits; clypeus with fine and coarse punctuation

and weakly wrinkled. Eyes and collum as in gunodi. Encircling

lines of prosomite as in yunodi ; on the anterior half of the body the

short stripes on the hindmost area are bounded by a straight furrow ;

in the posterior half they disappear gradually. Free part of prosomite

and anterior zone of metasomite with weak longitudinal stripes; the

rest of metasomite smooth. Sternites smooth. Anal segment and

pads of legs as in gunodt.

The gonopods (figs. 339-342) resemble those of distinctus, having

inwardly directed lobes (a) at the tip of the posterior lamella; but

here the lobes are shorter and do not touch one another. The anterior

lamella has a single, strong, pointed, inwardly curved hook (2), sur-

passing on the inside the terminal lobe of the posterior lamella.

The gonopod telopodites are badly preserved, so that the description

is not complete. Spine-branch as in svmilis, broadly rounded, with

a lobe on one side. Femoral spine as in s¢milzs, straight, and nearly

concealed under the lobes of the gonopod-coxite (figs. 341, 342).

Mozambique (1613). (There is no reference to the exact locality.)

233. (7) Poratophilus junodi Carl.

1917. Carl, Spirostrept. Nouv., Rev. Suisse Zool., xxv, p. 384.

(Pl. XIV, figs. 355, 356.)

Colour chestnut ; collum, head-plate, basal half of the antennae,

anal segment, and legs yellowish.

3, 48 or 49 segments. Width 9-10 mm.

Clypeus wrinkled and punctate ; distance between the eyes greater

than the diameter of one eye. Collum not lobate at the anterior

angles, the angles rounded. No folds or furrow except the marginal

furrow. Anterior half of prosomite with numerous irregular furrows,

posterior half with one complete furrow and one interrupted stria ;

382 Annals of the South African Museum.

oblique striae at the sides ; densely punctate and striolate ; anterior

strip of metasomite also punctate and striolate, but less densely ;

posterior half of metasomite nearly smooth. Regular longitudinal

furrow nearly reaching the pore; short furrows dorsally to the pore,

beginning on the suture. Anal segment with pointed tail, slightly

curved upwards. Legs padded on the fourth and fifth joints from the

third to the last pair.

Gonopods (figs. 355, 356): the gonopod-coxites touch at the base

and then diverge. The lamella projects on the inner side in the form

of a pointed, curved process (z), rounded at the tip; the lateral or

posterior lamella is bent inwards, with a broad, rounded, finger-shaped

lobe (a). The femoral spine is partly concealed by the posterior

lamella. The thumb-like structure is slightly curved. The second

lamella is rounded.

Umtalh, S. Rhodesia (13730) ; Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese EH.

Africa (B. 6031); Shiliowane, Transvaal; Rikatla, Portuguese E.

Africa (Carl).

234. (8) Poratophilus similis Carl.

1917. Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool., xxv, p. 387.

(Pl. XIV, figs. 336-338.)

Colour: metasomites, the posterior border of the collum, and the

vertex chestnut or dark brown ; the rest yellowish-brown.

3S, 47-49 segments. Width: 3,85 mm.; 9, 9 mm.

Shape of body, sculpture of head and somites, transverse suture,

anal segment, and legs asin P. gunodi. Sides of the collum with some

punctures. Exposed part of prosomite dorsally with more numerous

and distinct striae than in P. gunodi. Gonopod-coxites (figs. 336, 337)

shorter and less divergent thanin P.junodi. The distal margin of the

tooth (z) on the inner side of the medial lamella is denticulate. The

inwardly directed lobes of the lateral lamella (a) cross (while they only

touch or are some distance apart in P. junodi). Gonopod telopodite

(fig. 338) as in P. gunodz.

Twenty miles east of Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg Distr., Transvaal

(7491) ; Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (B. 5997); Rikatla,

_ Portuguese EH. Africa (Carl).

Gen. THYROPYGUS Poc.

1894. Pocock, Max Weber’s Reise Ostindien, p. 379.

1896. Silvestri, I. Diplopodi, p. 66.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 383

1902. Saussure and Zehntner, Grandidier Madagascar, pp. 175, 178.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 107.

This genus is easily distinguishable on account of its stigmata,

which are very much extended in a transverse direction. The Indo-

Australian Region contains a large number of species ; one species is

described from Madagascar and one from South Africa.

235. Thyropygus orthurus Silv.

1897. Silvestri, Neue Diplop., Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, vi, p. 16.

The drawings of the gonopods given by Silvestri are not sufficiently

complete. T. orthurus is a doubtful species.

Natal.

Spirostreptidae incertae sedis.

The following species will perhaps be recognisable when the type-

specimens are better studied :—

Spirostreptus cristulatus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., p. 28.

Caffraria.

Spirostreptus heros Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 29.

Cafiraria.

Spirostreptus melanopus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 32.

Cafiraria.

Spirostreptus notatus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 39.

Cafiraria.

Sprrostreptus wahlbergi Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., p. 27.

Cafiraria.

The following descriptions are practically useless and the type-

specimens are mostly females :--

Spirostreptus adumbratus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 30.

Cape.

384 Annals of the South African Museum.

Spirostreptus angulicollis Karsch.

1881. Karsch, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., (3), vi, p. 50.

S.E. Africa.

Sprrostreptus anodontus Ck. and Coll.

1893. Cook and Collins, Ann. N. York Ac. Sci., vii, p. 32.

Cape Town.

Sprrostreptus annulatus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Foérh., p. 34.

Cape.

Spirostreptus brevicornis Brdt.

1841. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., No. 4, p. 102.

Cape.

Spirostreptus capensis Brdt.

1841. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., No. 4, p. 93.

Cape.

Sprrostreptus coarctatus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 33.

Caffraria.

Spirostreptus corvinus L. Koch.

1865. L. Koch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 887.

Algoa Bay.

Spirostreptus flavofasciatus Bradt.

1841. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 101.

Cape.

Spirostreptus gracilis Brdt.

1841. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 94.

Cape.

Spirostreptus graeffer L. Koch.

1865. L. Koch, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 889.

Algoa Bay.

Spirostreptus laticollis Brdt.

1841. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 96.

Cape.

Spirostreptus limbatus Por.

1872. Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., p. 34.

Caffraria.

1841.

Cape.

1841.

Cape.

1881.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 385

Spirostreptus melanopygus Brdt.

Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 96.

Spirostreptus rotundatus Brdt.

Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 109.

Spirostreptus subpartitus Karsch.

Karsch, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., (3), vi, p. 50.

S.E. Africa.

1841.

Spirostreptus trigonyger Brdt.

Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 109.

South Africa.

1841.

Cape.

1841.

Cape.

1909.

1914.

1926.

Both

Spirostreptus triplicatus Brdt.

Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 109.

Sprrostreptus validus Brdt.

Brandt, Bull. Sci. Ac. Imp. St. Petersb., p. 104.

2. Superfam. ODONTOPYGIDEAE Attems.

Fam. Odontopygidae Attems, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 157.

Fam. Odontopygidae Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru

Exp., p. 34.

Suborder Odontopygidea Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise,

Daod:

Suborder Odontopygidea Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 180.

Superfam. Odontopygideae Attems, Kiikenthal’s Handb. d.

Zool., iv, p. 202.

sternites of seventh segment of $ well developed. The

gonopod telopodites are bent inwards medially on leaving the canal

of gonopod-coxite. Femur of the gonopod without or with a spine.

Gonopod telopodite more complicated, with a long tibial process and

well-developed tarsus.

Posterior margin of the metasomites usually beset with fringes.

Praebasilare different in the two sexes, longer and broader in the fore

part in the 3, shorter and uniformly broad inthe. Mentum hollowed

out, the posterior margin of the groove sharp. Anal valves generally

with a tooth at the termination of the upper surface.

VOL. XXVI. 25

386 Annals of the South African Museum.

There is one family :

Fam. OpDONTOPYGIDAE Attems.

Of the three subfamilies, Odontopyginae, Peridontopyginae, and

Lissopyginae, only the first is represented in South Africa. It is

distinguished from the other two subfamilies by the spiral torsion of

the gonopod telopodite between praefemur and femur and by a

constriction between femur and tibia.

Synopsis of the Genera of Odontopyginae.

la. Tip of tibial process of gonopod twisted into a spiral (8) Helicochetus Attems.

16. Tibial process not twisted : : : : : 5 Ph

2a. Tip of tibial process of rata enlarged: plate like. Two femoral spines,

two tibial spines . : F : (9) Solenozophyllum Attems.

2b. Tibial process pointed (only in lon i polybothrus a small lobe),

0-1 femoral spines, 0-1 tibial spines : : : weno

3a. Tarsus of gonopod a long cylinder, shaped like a sausage

Allantogonus Attems.

36. Tarsus leaf-like, denticulate or lobate i . ‘ : : a Gk

4a. Prosomite without concentric striations ; the four distal joints of the seventh

pair of legs of g somewhat reduced; anal valves without tooth at upper

end 0 ; : : Syndesmogenus Attems.

4b. Presents Ww ith doneeritiio furrows . A sab pies

5a. Tibial process of gonopod short and tread: aa two Sree lateral teeth or

barbed hooks : ‘ ‘ : : : Rhamphidarpe Attems.

5b. Tibial process long and slender . 2 ; : wea ay

6a. Tibial process with one lateral spine near the ase ana Jommchines with a

second spine near the end. 5 : Plethocrossus Attems.

6b. Tibial process without lateral spines in the ada half, rarely with one or a few

minute spines near the tip. é : 0 Ue

7a. Tarsus of gonopod not beset with Tae spines, saw- Cah etc., nor with

strongly fringed margins A : : : : : i a 6

8a. Nofemoral spine . : F ; . (1) Odontopyge Brandt-Attems.

8b. One femoral spine present : : : . (2) Haplothysanus Attems.

7b. Tarsus of gonopod partly beset with spines, hairs, or saw-like teeth, or the

margin strongly fringed ; tibial process finely furrowed : 5 Wh

9a. Tibial process with an articulation nearly in the middle. Tarsus of gonopod

with cross-keeled ridges, resembling a saw in profile Harmomastix Attems.

9b. Tibial process not articulated in the middle : c : 6 lO,

10a. Tarsus of gonopod with one spine, similar to the aeiale spine

(3) Spinotarsus Attems.

106. Tarsus of gonopod not spined . : é 5 lll,

lla. The fringes of the metasomites are broad, roanded little plates

(4) Patinatius nov. gen.

116. The fringes of the metasomite are tooth-like, with one or several points . 12.

12a. Terminal lobe of tarsus of gonopod without spines, saw-teeth, or marginal

teeth ; basal lobe beset with little spines . (5) Ardiophyllum nov. gen.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 387

126. Terminal lobe of tarsus with saw-teeth, spines, or marginal teeth . 5 AIR

13a. Terminal lobe of tarsus of gonopod strongly fringed and lobate only on the

margin ; no spines on the surface of this lobe (6) Storthophorus nov. gen.

136. Terminal lobe of tarsus with a row of saw-teeth or with a hroad zone of spines

or hairs on the surface . ‘ . 14,

14a. Terminal lobe of tarsus with a ainele row ot choral saw- tech, No tibial

spine . : : : Prionopetalum Attems.

146. Terminal lobe of fares cith a iad pecet with spines or hairs. One tibial

spine present : 6 : 6 ; . (7) Chaleponcus Attems.

Gen. ODONTOPYGE Brandt-Attems.

1841. Spirostreptus subg. Odontopyge Brandt, Rec. I. Mein., p. 187,

eX. p.

1896. Odontopyge Attems, Stuhlman’s Reise Ostafrika, p. 36, ex. p.

1909. Odontopyge Attems, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 159.

1909. Odontopyge Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp.,

p. 43.

1914. Odontopyge Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 182.

Femur of gonopod not spined, with short, blunt stump. Tibial

spine generally present. Tibial process rarely with one or more little

spines near the tip, long and slender. Tarsus bilobed, the lobes

generally of different size. Occasionally the tarsus is long and slender.

Six or seven supralabral pits. The fringes of the metasomite generally

divided into several points; rarely simple. Fourth and fifth joints

of anterior legs padded. Anal valves with thickened margin, without

furrow on the inside; the upper end toothed (in O. sennae alone it

is not toothed). Metasomites smooth dorsally. Intercalar plates of

posterior pairs of legs separate. Mandible with 11 dentate lamellae.

Numerous species in Hast and Central Africa (ten species),

Mozambique (one species), West Africa (one species), Krythrea (two

species), Sudan (two species), Abyssinia (one species).

Key to the Species of Odontopyge.

la. Tibial process of gonopod with one or several lateral spines or teeth

multiannulata Att., aloysii sabaudiae Silv., regina Carl.

16. Tibial process without lateral spines or teeth : j 5 ; seh ees

2a. Anal valves not spined above . ‘ . . : ; sennae Brol.

2b, Anal valves spined . é : uss

3a. No downwardly directed long lappetl at ap of eenoped: coxite . tumidens

Karsch, kandti Carl, terebrum Rib., scaphula Attems, severini Silv.

3b. Gonopod-coxite with one long basally directed lappet at the tip. teva

4a. In the middle of the lateral margin of the gonopod-coxite a strong tooth or a

hatchet-like process : : : . . : . : 5 &

388 Annals of the South African Museum.

5a. In the middle of the dorsum a broad, light, longitudinal band. Beside the

thickening of the anal valve three setiferous papillae. The tip of the tibial

process is a Spiral . : ; : . bullata n. sp.

5b. No bright band on the dorsum. No papillie Beside the thickening of the anal

valves. The tibial process is not spiral . ; : : : 5 \@

6a. On the lateral margin of the coxite a simple spine. 54-57 segments. Width

8mm. The fringes have several points . : . kilimandjarona Att.

6b. On the lateral margin of the coxite a hatchet-like process. 62 segments.

Width 4:6 mm. The fringes are simple . : : . dolabrata n. sp.

4b. No pointed tooth in the middle of the lateral margin of the gonopod-coxite 7.

7a. Tarsus of gonopod very long and narrow, bent on itself in the middle. The

distal half parallel to the proximal half . : 3 p bayoni Silv.

7b. Tarsus of gonopod broader to very broad, never bent into two parallel halves 8.

8a. Marginal fringes each divided into several points. Tibial spine large

dispersa Carl, procera Att., punctulata Att., intermedia Carl.

8b. Marginal fringes single-pointed. Tibial spine small or wanting 6 5

9a. Tibial spine wanting ; lappet on tip of gonopod very long and narrow. Collum

with one arcuate fold. Clypeus roughly wrinkled. : ornata Pet.

9b. Tibial spine present. Lappet of gonopod with a broad base, gradually

tapering. Collum with two arcuate folds. Clypeus smooth . lO:

10a. On aboral side of gonopod-coxite one long, pointed lappet beginning at the

lateral margin and directed medially. Beginning of distal margin strongly

dentate. Distal piece of tarsus of gonopod with a long, tapering lappet.

Metasomites shining, the microscopic punctuation scarcely visible

hereronia Attems.

106. On aboral side of gonopod-coxite no long, pointed, medially directed lappet.

Tarsus of gonopod rounded, without long, pointed lappet. Metasomites

with fine leathery wrinkles, not very smooth and shining . ‘ oy Jul

lla. 66 segments. Width 6-8 mm. One short, blunt tooth on lateral margin of

gonopod-coxite. All legs of g from the third padded durbanica Attems.

11b. 55-58 segments. Width4mm. On lateral side of gonopod-coxite one broad,

rounded protuberance and one rounded lamella. Legs behind the gonopods

not padded . . : : 0 . ; c . trifolia n. sp.

236. Odontopyge bullata n. sp.

(Pl. XXITT, figs. 534-537.)

Colour: on the dorsum a yellow median stripe, the rest of the

dorsum up to the pores black, the posterior margin of the metasomites

reddish-brown, interrupting the longitudinal stripe. The stripe

begins on the collum and runs to the apex of the anal segment. The

sides and the under-side earth-brown. The anterior half of the head-

plate reddish-brown. Antennae and legs brown.

Width 3-4 mm. ; 64 segments.

The labral sinus moderately deep. Six supralabral pits. Head

smooth. Interocular sulcus not visible. Antennae slender, reaching

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 389

the posterior margin of the fourth segment. Anterior angle of collum

broadly rounded, not projecting; one curved fold. Metasomites

densely covered with short longitudinal furrows and punctures.

Upper longitudinal striae remote from the pore. Prosomite with the

usual encircling furrows; free part with wrinkles as on the meta-

somite. The fringes (fig. 534) long, simple, palisade-like points.

Sternites smooth. Dorsal angle of anal segment relatively pointed.

Thickening of anal valve very fine and low, on its side three large

setiferous papillae. The upper spine small, a little papilla on the

inferior end of the margin. The scale triangular-pointed. The tibia

and postfemur padded on nearly all the legs.

Gonopods (figs. 535-537): the coxites are slender, their ends bent

together, divided into one rounded and one hatchet-like lappet ; the

points of this hatchet somewhat curved. On the medial side a little

serrated lappet and a pointed spine ; on the lateral side in the middle,

a short, stout spine. No basal spine. The tibial process without

lateral spines, with small furrows, the end forming a spiral. The tibial

spine long and straight. Tarsus consisting of two parts, one short

and one boat-like.

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (6005).

237. Odontopyge dolabrata nu. sp.

(Pl. XXIII, fig. 538; Pl. XXIV, figs. 539-542.)

Colour dark reddish-brown. On the dorsum of the prosomite a

yellow transverse spot, distinctly visible only when the animal is

curved. Antennae and legs yellowish. The spine of the anal valve

yellow, the rest of the anal segment dark.

$ width 4:6 mm.; 62 segments.

Labral sinus deep ; six supralabral pits. Head smooth. Interocular

and longitudinal sulcus very fine. Basal joint of mandible projecting

in a blunt, bordered prong. Anterior angle of the collum broadly

rounded, not projecting ; two curved folds. Free part of prosomite

and metasomite very finely and regularly wrinkled. Upper abbrevi-

ated longitudinal striae on the metasomite somewhat remote from

the pore. Transverse suture sharp. The pore before the middle.

Circular furrows of prosomite normal. Fringes half as long as the

whole border; sharp and simple, forming a regular saw. Sternites

smooth. Tibia and postfemur padded on nearly all the legs.

Ring part of anal segment with a weak median keel; wrinkled

like the metasomites. Thickening of anal valves slight, no furrow

390 Annals of the South African Museum.

at its side; the spine very long; a small papilla below; scale

triangular.

Gonopod: at the tip of the coxite (figs. 540, 541) a long, basally

turned lappet lying between two rounded lamellae, one aboral and

one oral. In the space between the aboral lamella and the terminal

lappet a fourth process. On the lateral side a large, pointed, hatchet-

like process. No basal spine; tibial spine short ; tibial process with-

out lateral spines. Tarsus divided into two branches, each consisting

of several lamellae (figs. 538, 539).

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (6420).

238. Odontopyge durbanica Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 185, pl. x, figs. 197-202.

Colour black ; antennae and legs yellow.

$ width 6-8 mm., robust ; 66 segments.

Clypeus smooth. Collum with two complete and two incomplete

arcuate folds. Anterior half of prosomite with straight encircling

lines ; free part of prosomite and the metasomite with fine punctua-

tion and longitudinal fissures, not shining. Marginal fringes simple,

pointed. Dorsal process of the anal segment a little compressed

laterally ; the dorsum therefore bluntly keeled. Fourth and fifth

joints of all the legs padded.

Gonopods: one little tooth at the side of the gonopod-coxite. At

the tip one large lappet with broad base tapering gradually and

directed basally. The lateral lamella ending in a rounded lappet.

The medial leaf with one rounded lamelliform process on the inner side,

close to the spot where the gonopod telopodite leaves the sheath.

This lamella stands straight out distally. Telopodite: the femur

with one short, rounded lappet; tibial spe with one little basal

tooth. No guiding pin distally to the tarsal spme. Tibial process

long, slender, curved several times, without lateral spines. Tarsus

totally rounded; the basal piece sends out one hollowed lappet as

far as the base of the tibial process; the main distal part is irregu-

larly folded. The distal piece of the tarsus is divided into two rounded

lamellae, both broad and curved basally. In fig. 200 of my paper

quoted above, the right lobe of the tarsus is the distal piece, the left

the basal piece.

Durban, Lourengo Marques.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 391

239. Odontopyge trifolia n. sp. |

(Pl. XIV, figs. 357, 358; Pl. XV, figs. 359-360.)

Colour brown or black, the metasomites bordered with dark reddish-

brown ; margin of clypeus, antennae, and legs yellowish.

3, 55-58 segments; width 3-9 mm.; 9, 4:5 mm.

Clypeus smooth, six or seven supralabral pits. Cheeks of g with

a short, blunt lobe. Collum laterally narrowed and broadly rounded,

the anterior border straight, not bent forwards at the sides. Two

folds, one near the margin, separating a broad border, the second

more distant. Encircling striations occupy the first half of the

prosomite. Metasomite finely punctate and very densely wrinkled

like leather. The pores open in the anterior third. The fringes are

simple little teeth, the whole resembling a fine saw. Internally the

border is indistinctly striated longitudinally (fig. 359). Thickening

of anal valves small, the upper end strongly toothed, on the lower

end no distinct papilla. The pads of the anterior legs somewhat

indistinct, the legs behind the seventh segment not padded.

Gonopods: in the middle of the lateral margin of the gonopod-

coxite (fig. 357) a rounded transverse lobe (/) ;_ basally to it a rounded

lamella (fig. 360). Tip complicated by various folded lamellae

forming a deep groove. Close to this groove is a rounded lamella

directed straight upwards. The tip bears a long spine or lobe (72)

directed downwards (to the base). On the femur of the gonopod

(fig. 358) one short, rounded lobe ( fl) instead of the spine. One small

simple-pointed tibial spine (7's); distally to this spine one blunt

guiding pin (f). Tibial process long, finely striated, without lateral

spines, describing a large 8. Tarsus consisting of two pieces, the

basal piece itself divided into two large lobes (Ba and Bb). A re-

markable thumb-like process (d), whose margin passes into a little

hollowed lamella with dentate margin ; a transition to the character-

istic plate of Storthophorus. The distal piece of the tarsus (D) is

one broad band rounded and curved at the tip.

Colesberg (25392).

240. Odontopyge hereronia Attems.

1922. Attems, Myriopoda in Michaelsen’s Beitr. z. K. Land- und

Stisswasserfauna D. 8.W. Afrikas, Ergebn. Hamb. Wiss.

Studienreise, 1911. Bd. 2, Li. 1, p. 101, fig. 2.

Colour black; antennae and legs yellow; the antennae blackish

at the tip.

392 Annals of the South African Museum.

Width 4:5 mm. ; 60 segments.

Labral sinus deep, semicircular, five supralabral pits. Clypeus

not wrinkled, but finely punctate. The proportions of the eyes and

furrows on the vertex the same as in the allied species. Sides of collum

broad, not much narrowed, lateral margin nearly straight, anterior

angle broadly rounded. Two arcuate folds. Covered part of pro-

somite with numerous encircling lines, running straight as far as the

sternite. Free part of prosomite and whole metasomite with micro-

scopically fine punctuation, smooth and shining. Transverse suture

sharply defined. Sternites with fine reticulation, not striated.

Stigmata normal. Anal segment with weakly compressed dorsal

angle ; the valve slightly arched, spined above, the margination small

and fine. Fourth and fifth joints of all the legs to the last pair padded.

Free points of marginal fringes as long as half the whole margin.

They are simple, forming a fine regular saw; each tooth with dark

convergent lines.

Gonopods: at the tip of the gonopod-coxite one large basally

directed lappet, broad at the base and gradually tapering. On the

aboral side another large, pointed lappet rising from the lateral margin

and directed towards the median line. The margin at the transition

of the two lappets dentate. On the oral side the medial leaf sends

out one rounded lamella straight distally to the cavity formed by the

terminal lobes. The same lamella is present in O. durbanica and O.

trifolia. Femur of gonopod with one short, rounded lappet. The little

tibial spine with one small basal tooth ; distally to the tibial spine one

short, rounded guiding pin. Tibial process long and slender, describ-

ing several curves like an 8, without lateral spines. The distal half

is finely striated. On the tarsus we can discern two portions, the basal

piece and the distal piece. The basal piece is weaker than in the

allied species ; it sends out one hollowed lamella to the base of the

tibial process. The distal piece ends with one long, pointed, gradually

tapering lappet. The tarsus of this species is somewhat different in

its outline, but the individual parts are the same as in O. durbanica and

O. trifolia.

Usakos, S.W. Africa (Michaelsen coll.).

The three South African species of Odontopyge form a little group

much more nearly related to one another than to the remaining species

of the genus. It seems likely that O. hereronia is the western,

O. trifolia the central, and O. durbanica the eastern form; but as

they are all recorded on single captures we do not know as yet the

true area of each species.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 393

Gen. HaPLoTHysANUS Attems.

1909. Attems, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 158.

1909. Attems, Sjdéstedt’s iRalaeentd are. Meru Exp., p. 48.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 189.

Femur of gonopod with one, generally long, spine. ‘Tibial spine

present or wanting. Tibial process slender, moderately long or long ;

rarely with a small spine on the distal half, or with a little barb or

a little lobe at the tip. Tarsus broad, leaf-like. Six, rarely eight,

supralabral pits. The fringes of the metasomite simple-pointed.

Prosomites with concentric striations. Metasomites generally smooth

dorsally, with shallow longitudinal grooves in two species. Anal

valves toothed on the upper side, the thickening generally rising

gradually, rarely accompanied by a groove on the lateral side with

three setiferous papillae. Rarely a furrow on the inner side. Inter-

calar plates of the third pair of legs coalesced. Mandible with 8-11

comb lamellae. Tooth lamella with four teeth. Fourth and fifth

joints of anterior legs padded.

The species hitherto known live in East and Central Africa (eleven

species), Zanzibar (one species), Sudan (one species), Somaliland (one

species). The two species described here are related to latefoliws from

Hast Africa. The differences between the three species are apparent in

the following synopsis :—

Key to the South African Species of Haplothysanus.

la. Width 10 mm. Sides of collum projecting forwards in a broad, rounded lobe.

Some longitudinal furrows are present on the metasomite above the pore

colosseus Ni. Sp.

1b. Width 3-2-5-4 mm. Sides of collum not aes No longitudinal furrows

above the pore : ¢ 6 . : 5

2a. Telopodite of the gonopod Tout abel spine. 51 segments. In the middle

of the dorsum one broad black band, the sides a pretty brick colour. Only

the fifth joint of the legs padded. (Hast Africa) 3 . _ latifolius Att.

2b. Tibial spine present. 60-67 segments. The dorsum without longitudinal

bands or one bright longitudinal band in the middle ; fourth and fifth joints

of legs padded. (South Africa) 3 4 : , : : 5 lNSy,

3a. Somites indistinctly cross-banded ; in the median line two little bright spots,

one on the prosomite, one in the transverse suture. 60 segments. At the

tip of the coxite of the gonopods one large lappet on the lateral side. No

basally directed tooth on the medial side . ; . serratus n. sp.

3b. In the middle of the dorsum one wide yellow ionettaaire band, 66-67

segments. Coxite of the gonopod without lappet on the lateral side. On the

medial side one large tooth, directed towards the base . modestus n. sp.

394 Annals of the South African Museum.

241. Haplothysanus serratus un. sp.

(Pl. XV, figs. 364-366.)

Somites dark, slate-coloured, bordered with dark reddish-brown ;

in the middle of the prosomite and metasomite a little yellow spot.

These spots are absent on the first segments and indistinct on the last.

Anterior part of clypeus, antennae, and legs dark reddish-brown.

3S, 60 segments. Width 3-2 mm.

Clypeus smooth. I noted only four supralabral pits. Sides of collum

broadly rounded ; sides of anterior margin not bent forwards. The

sides convex. One fold parallel to the lateral margin, and at some

distance one oblique fold. Anterior half of prosomite with concentric

striations. The upper complete longitudinal furrows of the meta-

somite distant from the pore. Very short furrows on the suture

between the last complete furrow and the pore. Metasomites on the

dorsum with short, very shallow, longitudinal grooves, not punctate

or striate, apparently nearly smooth. The pores open far from the

suture on the anterior segments ; on the posterior segments they open

in the middle.

Margin of anal valves not thickened, toothed on the upper side.

No papilla on the inferior end. Scale sharply triangular. The angle

of the dorsal margin is somewhat compressed but not keeled. Sternites

smooth. The fourth and fifth joints of all the legs are padded.

Fringes like a fine saw, the teeth simple and pointed (fig. 366).

Gonopod-coxite (fig. 364) relatively slender, on the outer side of the

end an irregular hatchet-like lobe (1). No prominence on the lateral

margin. At the tip of the medial leaf one large, rounded lobe. A deep

sinus between the blunt tooth of the lateral leaf and the terminal

lobe. Femoral spine (Fd) of the gonopod (fig. 365) long and slender,

strongly curved. Tibial spine (Yd) very large and strong. The

tibial process describes several winding curves; no lateral spine.

The lobes of the tarsus (Ya) large, broadly rounded.

Komatipoort, Eastern Transvaal (B. 4045).

242. Haplothysanus modestus n. sp.

(Pl. XXIV, figs. 543-545.)

Colour black, with a broad reddish band beginning on the collum

and running to the apex of the anal segment. In the posterior half

of the prosomite and in the anterior half of the metasomite, on the

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 395

dorsum of each segment, a yellowish spot crossing the longitudinal

band. Antennae brown, legs yellowish-brown.

3S width 4-5 mm.; 66-67 segments.

Head smooth; seven supralabral pits ; labral sinus moderately

deep. Anterior angle of collum broadly rounded, not projecting ;

two strong, curved folds. Free part of prosomite and whole meta-

somite covered with minute and regular longitudinal wrinkles. The

upper complete longitudinal striae of the metasomite far from the

pore. No striae on the dorsum; pore small, far from the transverse

suture; the suture sharply defined, not sensibly curved before the

pore. Punctate encircling furrows of prosomite normal. Anal seg-

ment wrinkled like the metasomites. Marginal thickening of valves

of moderate size; no furrow on lateral side. The spine strong; no

papilla on the inferior end of the thickening. Scale triangular.

Sternites smooth. The fringes on the posterior border of the meta-

somite are composed of strong, simple points.

Gonopods (fig. 543): tip of coxite blunt and rounded ; its medial

border bears a little hook, separated by a sinus from the tooth on the

end of the lateral leaf. Medial leaf with a rounded lappet near the

tip. No process on the lateral side (fig. 544). Basal spine a spiral.

Tibial process without lateral spine. Tibial spine large, weakly curved.

Tarsus composed of large lamellae (see fig. 545).

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (6014, 6032).

243. Haplothysanus colosseus un. sp.

(Pl. XV, figs. 361-363.)

Colour slate-grey ; narrow border of metasomites dark reddish-

brown ; antennae and legs dark brown.

3, 64-65 segments (approximately ; no specimen in the bottle

being entire).

Clypeus wrinkled. 1+2+2+1 supralabral pits, the lateral ones

more distant. Ocelli distinctly convex. Sides of collum projecting

forwards, with a broadly rounded lobe. Marginal border small; one

fold parallel to the marginal furrow, the second at some distance from

it, both comparatively weak. The encircling striations occupy more

than the first half of the prosomite ; rest of prosomite finely wrinkled

and punctate. Metasomites very densely and coarsely punctate.

Some longitudinal furrows above the pore, generally abbreviated.

Pores at junction of anterior and middle thirds. Suture scarcely

bent in front of pore. Somites not constricted at the transverse

596 Annals of the South African Museum.

suture, the suture distinct. Angle of anal segment laterally com-

pressed and bluntly keeled. Anal valves with very small, thickened

border ; small hairs are situated directly on this border, not on papillae.

One tooth on the upper side of the valves. No papilla on the inferior

end. Scale raised. Sternites smooth. Fourth and fifth joints of

third to last pairs of legs padded. Fringes short and with little pointed

teeth (fig. 363).

Gonopods: on the lateral margin of the gonopod-coxite (fig. 362) in

the distal half a very large, broadly rounded process (b) ; at the tip a

slender outwardly directed cone (J). Medial leaf rounded, without

lobes and not projecting much. Tip of lateral leaf divided by a deep

sinus into a broad, rounded lobe and a blunt tooth. Femoral spine

(Td) of gonopod (fig. 361) very long and strongly curved. No distal

spine. Tibial process without lateral spines. Tarsus a broad, rounded

structure, whose margins are irregularly lobed.

Twenty miles east of Pietersburg, Zoutpansberg Div., Transvaal

(7492).

Gen. SPINOTARSUS Attems.

1909. Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp., p. 51.

1909. Attems, Schultze’s Forsch. Reise, p. 46.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 200.

Femoral spine of gonopod long. Tibial spine generally present

(absent in S. lineatus). Tibial process with fine, oblique striae, with-

out lateral spines. Tarsus with a strong, pointed spine. Tarsus

consisting of a broad transverse basal lobe, generally partly beset with

little spinules, and a long and slender distal lobe, without hairs, spines,

or saw-teeth, sometimes with little scales. Six or four supralabral pits.

Marginal fringes generally with single points, rarely divided into

several points. Anal valves toothed on the upper side or not toothed.

The legs of the g are padded or not. Small and slender species.

Distribution.—British East Africa, Central Africa, Kalahari, South

Africa.

Key to the Species of Spinotarsus.

la, Anal valves toothed on upper side ‘ : ; 5 Be

2a. Gonopod without a tibial spine. Basal lobe of sanetee tarsus smooth. Distal

lobe partly beset with little scales. : ; ; . lineatus n. sp.

2b. Gonopod with a tibial spine : : : : >. Bk

3a. Basal lobe of gonopod-tarsus without hom or evince : . robustus n. sp.

36. Basal lobe of gonopod-tarsus with little spinules_ . 5 : : 5 ah

4a. Fringes of metasomite divided into several points. Four supralabral pits.

Dorsum without light median band . i : wernert Att. (Uganda).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 397

4b. Fringes of metasomite simple. Six supralabral pits : ¢ : EO:

5a. Dorsum without light median band. 4 width 2-6 mm. , Tarsus of posterior

gonopod partly with scale structure. One tooth on lateral margin of

gonopod-coxite : 5 . striolatus n. sp.

5b. Dorsum with yellow median panel 3 midth up to 15 mm. Tarsus of

gonopod without scale structure. No tooth on lateral margin of gonopod-

coxite . 0 : d : , : : ; ; 2 oo) 16:

6a. 3, 35 segments. Medial leaf of gonopod-coxite broadly rounded at tip. Ter-

minal lobe of tarsus of gonopod broader and less curved xanthonotus Attems.

6b. g, 68 segments. Tip of medial leaf of gonopod-coxite with one pointed lappet

and one thick, basally directed tooth, separated by a narrow sinus. Ter-

minal lobe of tarsus of gonopod smaller and bent on itself . tenuis n. sp.

1b. Anal valves not toothed . : 3 i tLe

7a. One strong tooth in middle of tateral margin at sonapod! coxite, directed

distally. (Dorsum with yellow longitudinal band)

laticollis Carl (Central Africa).

7b. Lateral margin of gonopod-coxite not toothed : : ; ek

8a. Dorsum without yellow median band; anterior legs (pairs 2-7) not padded.

Seventh pair of legs of G normal. Nev seale raised. 55 segments

castaneus Attems.

8b. Dorsum with yellow median band. Anterior and middle pairs of legs of 3

padded. Two basal joints of seventh leg of g incrassate, the following

joints abruptly narrowed. Anal scale with straight border. 72 segments

voiensis Rib. (British East Africa).

244. Spinotarsus lineatus n. sp.

(Pl. XX, figs. 498-500.)

Colour dark chestnut ; on the middle of the dorsum a small long:-

tudinal yellow band beginning on the third segment and extending

as far as the anal segment. Antennae dark brown, legs and ventral

side yellowish.

3, 50 segments. Width 2-4 mm.

Head-plate smooth, labral sinus moderately deep, rounded; six

supralabral pits. Cheeks of ¢ quadrate, the border thickened.

Collum not much narrowed laterally ; one strong curved fold and one

abbreviated fold. Exposed part of somites with very fine and short

longitudinal striae ; metasomites longitudinally furrowed only on the

ventral side. Pores opening before the middle. Transverse suture

fine, sharply defined. Marginal fringes simple. Anal valves with a

low marginal thickening, separated by a weak groove from the lateral

surface ; upper end of marginal thickening sharp and ending in a

small, strong tooth. Dorsal prominence of anal segment laterally

compressed. Sternites microscopically striated transversely. Legs,

except on the last 10 segments, padded.

398 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gonopods: on medial side of gonopod-coxite (figs. 498-499) a

large broadly rounded lobe (J) and two little processes separated by a

rounded sinus, one process directed distally, the second basally.

On the lateral margin a short, strong, dark-coloured tooth (z). Tip of

gonopod-coxite broadly rounded and a short, rounded lobe is bent on

itself basally. Femoral spine of gonopod (fig. 500) long and slender,

at its origin directed distally, then bent and directed basally, not

twisted round the gonopod. No tibial spine. By this character the

species 1s distinguishable from all other species of Spinotarsus. Tibial

process long and slender, obliquely striated, the tip curved. Tarsus

with a strong, pointed spine. Basal lobe broad, simple, without hairs

or spines. Distal lobe long and slender, a long compressed lamella,

forming a complete circle. Surface partly beset with little scales.

Kei Road, Cape Province (B. 829).

245. Spinotarsus robustus nv. sp.

(Pl. XXIV, figs. 546, 547; Pl. XXV, fig. 548.)

Colour: on the dorsum a yellowish longitudinal band, beginning

on the collum and running to the penultimate segment, the yellow

interrupted by darker brown spots. Sides of dorsum to the pores

dark brown, beneath the pores yellowish-brown, with darker spots.

Antennae and legs brownish. Anal segment and head dark brown.

$ width 2 mm.; 57 segments; not very slender.

Clypeus smooth; six supralabral pits. Interocular sulcus indistinct,

longitudinal suleus weak. Inner corner of eyes surpassed by the base

of the antenna. Collum laterally scarcely narrowed, the anterior

corner broadly rounded. The last space between the circular furrows

of the prosomite very wide, covered with a microscopical network.

Metasomite very densely covered with fine and short longitudinal

striae. The complete longitudinal furrows end far from the pore.

Pores nearer to the transverse suture. Fringes on posterior border

composed of short, pointed, simple teeth. Anal valves moderately

vaulted ; marginal border very small, laterally not sharply defined,

with a short tooth on the upper end and without papilla on the inferior

end. The scale arched and pointed. Sternites smooth, with micro-

scopic transverse striae. Fourth and fifth joints of nearly all legs

padded.

Gonopods: on the inner border of the coxa (figs. 547, 548) near the

tip two teeth, one terminal hook and one straight tooth, the latter

in connection with a rounded lamella directed outwardly. Between

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 399

the two teeth a short and blunt pin. No process on the lateral border

of the coxa. Praefemoral spine of telopodite (fig. 546) a long spiral,

twisted round the tibia. Tibial process long, without lateral teeth.

Tibial spine long, sensibly longer than in Spinotarsus tenuis and

xanthonotus. Tarsal spine on the opposite side slender and longer

than the tibial spine. Basal lobe of tarsus without hairs (differing

in this from all other species of the genus except lineatus), the distal

lobe ending in two strong, divergent points.

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese E. Africa (6010).

246. Sprnotarsus striolatus n. sp.

(REVS nese Smil sos)

Colour dark brown, broad border of metasomites reddish-brown ;

therefore annulated, but not conspicuously. Antennae dark brown,

legs yellowish-brown.

3S, 65 segments; width 2-6 mm.; 9, 2-8 mm.

Head very smooth and shining. Six supralabral pits. Sides of

collum broadly rounded. Anterior part of prosomite with the usual

encircling striation. Visible part of prosomite and whole metasomite

with short, fine, and sharp longitudinal striae. Longitudinal furrows

on metasomites distant from the pore on the anterior segments ;

confined to the ventral surface on the posterior segments. Above

the complete furrows some abbreviated furrows at the sides. Trans-

verse suture well developed, the somites not constricted at the suture.

Pores opening in the middle third. The boundaries of the elements of

the fringes are very distinctly visible to the base of the whole border ;

they are coalesced in the greater part of their length, the free ends

are blunt. The whole appears as if composed of knife blades lying

close together (fig. 373). Sternites smooth. Stigmata normal, small

and triangular. Dorsal margin of anal segment angulate ; the angle

laterally compressed but not keeled. Valves normally toothed; the

inner margin not thickened, with four bristles. Anal scale arched and

pointed. Anterior and posterior legs padded on the fourth and fifth

joints.

Gonopods (figs. 871, 372) : no lateral lobe at tip of gonopod-coxite.

In the middle on the lateral side one thick, blunt, dark-coloured tooth

(5). Medial and lateral leaf broadly rounded at the tip. Femoral

spine of gonopod very long, curved to the base and pointed. Tibial

process strongly curved, slender, without lateral spimes. Tarsus

relatively long, narrow, and strongly curved, describing nearly a

400 Annals of the South African Museum.

complete circle ; its surface partly covered with little scales. One

pointed tarsal spine (Tad) present.

Merebank, Natal (150184) ; Kei Road, Cape Province (B. 829).

247. Spinotarsus canthonotus Attems.

1909. Attems, L. Schultze’s Forsch. Reise 8.W. Africa, p. 47.

Kalahari, Lookaneng-Severelela (Schultze), Windhoek and Farm

Paulinenhof, near Windhoek (Michaelsen).

248. Spinotarsus tenis n. sp.

(Pl. XV, figs. 367-370.)

Colour: middle of dorsum occupied by one broad yellow band, its

commencement pointed on the collum and running as far as the point

of the anal segment. Sides blackish-brown; ventral surface yellowish.

Antennae blackish-brown, legs yellowish.

$, 63 segments. Width 1-5 mm.; very slender.

Clypeus very smooth, labral sinus shallow; six supralabral pits.

Cheeks of 3 with broad, rounded lobe. Collum narrowed at the sides,

anterior angle broadly rounded, not projecting, the margin finely

bordered ; one curved fold. Free part of somites with very fine

and shallow, short longitudinal striae. The complete longitudinal

furrows on the metasomite end far from the pore ; they are continued

by short furrows on the suture to the pore. Pores in advance of the

middle. The elements of the narrow, fringed border are free from the

middle of their length ; they are sharply pointed ; between two points

one broad, rounded sinus (fig. 370). Sternites very finely striated

transversely. Anal valves with small sharply defined marginal border,

toothed on the upper side. Dorsal margin of anal segment with blunt

angle. The scale arched. Anterior and middle pairs of legs padded.

Gonopods: at tip of gonopod-coxite one pointed lappet directed

distally and one blunt tooth directed basally, the two separated by a

broad shallow sinus. Inner margin of lateral leaf bearing one sharp

tooth (g) directed basally and one rounded lobe (kh) as in S. zanthonotus

(figs. 367-368). Femoral spine (7d) long, twisted round the femur.

Tibial spine (Td) strong. Tibial process (#f) long and slender, finely

furrowed, curved several times. Tarsus bearing a strong spine

(Tad, fig. 368) on the side opposite to the tibial spine. Basal lobe of

tarsus truncate, its margin covered with dense, fine hairs (fig. 369).

Terminal lobe of tarsus hollowed and describing two curves.

Messina, N. Transvaal (B. 4069).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 401

249. Spinotarsus castaneus Attems.

1909. Attems, L. Schultze’s Forsch. Reise 8.W. Africa, p. 49.

Kalahari, Lookaneng-Severelela.

Gen. PATINATIUS nov.

Gonopod: telopodite without femoral or tibial spine. Tibial process

relatively short, finely furrowed. Basal lobe of tarsus with entire

margins ; terminal lobe broad, hollowed, with a row of saw-teeth in

the hollow. No tarsal spine.

The fringes of the metasomites are broad, rounded plates, with

fine longitudinal striation. Prosomites with the usual concentric

striations on the covered parts. Metasomites without special sculp-

ture, as in allied genera. Six supralabral pits. Anal valves not

toothed. Anterior and posterior legs padded.

250. Patinatius inermis n. sp.

(Pl. XV, figs. 374-376.)

Colour earthy-brown or reddish-brown, legs yellowish.

35, 55 segments. Width 2 mm.

Head smooth; six supralabral pits. Inner angle of eyes a little

further back than base of antennae, moderately pointed. The

ocelli distinctly convex. Antennae relatively long, reaching posterior

border of fifth segment. Cheeks of ¢ with rounded lobe. Sides of

collum moderately narrowed and straight, anterior corner not pro-

jecting, posterior margin straight. Two strong curved folds. En-

circling striations on the prosomite few in number and very fine.

Transverse suture distinct. Metasomites dorsally with fine longi-

tudinal needle-like fissures ; the longitudinal furrows confined to the

ventral surface. Pores in the middle of the metasomite. Sternites

with fine transverse striations, Dorsal margin of anal segment

angular ; the valves moderately curved, the margin with narrow but

high thickened border accompanied on the outer side by one deep

irregular groove ; upper end not toothed. Anal scale arched.

The fringes of the metasomite (fig. 376) are very peculiar, consisting

of broad, rounded plates, somewhat enlarged at the tip. They have

longitudinal stripes. Probably each plate represents a coalescence of

several smaller fringe elements.

VOL. XXVI. 26

402 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gonopods (fig. 374): at the tip of the gonopod-coxite one long,

pointed, curved spine or lobe (7) directed basally. No tooth or

prominence on lateral margin. Gonopod telopodite without femoral

or tibial spine. ‘Tibial process (Zf) relatively broad and short and

bent like a sickle, not describing several circles as in allied genera ;

distal half with fine oblique striae. Tarsus with several small,

simply rounded lobes and one large boat-shaped terminal lobe. In

the hollow of this lobe is one ridge beset with little, pointed teeth

(fig. 375).

Hanover, Cape Province (2527).

Gen. ARDIOPHYLLUM nov.

Gonopod: femoral spine present, tibial spine present or absent.

Tibial process with fine furrows, without lateral spines. Tarsus with

a well-developed basal lobe partly beset with little spinules ; terminal

lobe smooth, without spines, hairs, or marginal fringes. No tarsal

spine ; one species with the rudiment of such a spine in the form of

a short, rounded lobe.

Fringes of metasomite made up of simple, small, pointed teeth.

Six supralabral pits. Prosomites with the usual concentric striations.

Anal valves toothed on the upper side. Fourth and fifth joints of

anterior and middle pairs of legs of 3 padded.

Key to the Species of Ardiophyllum.

la. Dorsum with one yellow longitudinal band. Gonopod with strong tibial

spine. At the tip of the gonopod-coxite only one blunt, short lobe directed

basally . : : . 9 : é : - matabelinum n. sp.

1b. Annulated, without any yellow longitudinal band . : : : Beary

2a No tibial spine on the gonopod; at the tip of the gonopod-coxite one short,

broad lobe, directed basally. Metasomites strongly punctate and with short

longitudinal furrows. 67-69segments . . : : debile n. sp.

2b. Tibial spine of gonopod present; at the tip of the gonopod-coxite one long,

pointed lobe, directed basally. Punctuation of the metasomites very weak.

63 segments . . . . : : : 5 . liberale n. sp.

251. Ardiophyllum matabelinum n. sp.

(Pl. XV, figs. 382-384; Pl. XVI, fig. 385.)

Colour blackish-brown; a moderately broad, yellow, longitudinal

band beginning on the collum and running to the apex of the anal

segment ; legs yellowish-brown.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 403

3, 61 segments. Width: 3,2 mm.; 9, 2:8 mm.

Clypeus smooth, labral sinus shallow ; six supralabtal pits. Cheeks

with a blunt lobe. Anterior margin of collum bent forwards a little

at the sides, anterior angle broadly rounded and finely bordered.

Two arched folds. Anterior part of prosomite with the usual con-

centric striations. Transverse suture distinct ; on the dorsum little

pits close to the suture, continuing the longitudinal furrows of the

ventral surface. Furrows at the sides below the pore abbreviated.

Dorsum of metasomites with very fine and inconspicuous needle-like

fissures. Fringed border of the metasomite narrow; the free points

form one minute fine saw. Dorsal margin of anal segment angled,

the angle laterally compressed but not keeled. Whole anal segment

weakly punctate and wrinkled. Anal valves with small and low

marginal thickening, with three bristles ; toothed on the upper side.

Anal scale arched. Anterior and middle pairs of legs of 3 padded.

The seventh pair a little weaker than the sixth (fig. 383).

Gonopods : gonopod-coxite (figs. 382-385) terminated by one pointed

lappet ; medial leaf bluntly lobed at the tip. One short, broad, and

blunt lobe (Lz) is directed basally ; the lateral leaf projects as a

rounded lobe (hf) distally to the knee of the gonopod telopodite. No

tooth on the lateral margin. Gonopod telopodite with one strong

femoral spine (fd) and tibial spine (7d). Tibial process (Z7f) finely

furrowed, describing several circles, without lateral spines. Tarsus

large and broad and divided into two lobes; the basal half of one of

them is bent on itself and beset on the margin with little spinules

(fig. 385). A broad, rounded, low lamella represents the tarsal spine of

Spinotarsus.

Bulawayo, Matabeleland (7456).

252. Ardiophyllum debile n. sp.

(Pl. XV, figs. 377-378.)

Colour blackish-brown, with broad reddish-brown border, therefore

annulated. Antennae, legs, and anterior part of the head yellowish-

brown.

5, 67-69 segments. Width 3:3 mm.

Head smooth ; six supralabral pits. Cheeks of ¢ not lobate. Sides

of the collum broadly rounded, not projecting, one arched fold.

Prosomites with the usual concentric striations, otherwise smooth.

Metasomites densely punctate ; some of the punctures become short

longitudinal fissures. Longitudinal furrows confined to the ventral

404 Annals of the South African Museum.

surface. Transverse suture well developed, not visibly bent forwards

before the pore, which opens near the middle of the metasomite.

Fringes of metasomites composed of little pointed teeth, the whole

forming a fine saw. Sternites smooth. Dorsal margin of anal

segment angled and laterally compressed, but not keeled. Margin

of anal valves not thickened, the valves not much raised. The upper

side toothed. Anal scale arched. The whole anal segment densely

punctate. Anterior and middle pairs of legs of 3 padded.

Gonopods: one short, broad lobe (£Z) bent down on itself at tip

of gonopod-coxite (fig. 378); on distal half of lateral margin one

moderately strong, rounded transverse prominence. Medial leaf not

bent against the sides. Lateral leaf terminated by a blunt triangular

tooth. Gonopod telopodite (fig. 377) with strong femoral spine

twisted round its axis. No tibial spine. Tibial process, without

lateral spines, describes several curves. Tarsus divided into several

rounded lobes; the basal (Tabl) one beset with fine spinules on the

surface and especially on the margin. Lobes of terminal part of

tarsus smooth, bearing no spines or fringes.

Howick, Natal (23376).

253. Ardiophyllum liberale n. sp.

(Pl. XV, figs. 379-381.)

Colour dark brown, posterior border of metasomite reddish-brown.

Antennae yellowish-brown ; legs dark reddish-brown.

S, 63 segments. Width 4 mm.

Clypeus wrinkled and roughened and the six supralabral pits

somewhat indistinct. Rest of head smooth; inner angle of eye not

visibly surpassing the base of the antennae. Interocular line weak

and indistinct. Vertex line very weak. Ocelli distinctly convex.

Cheeks of ¢ not lobate, rhomboid in profile. Sides of collum broad,

rounded anteriorly, bluntly angled posteriorly ; anterior and lateral

margin finely bordered. One strong fold separating off a ridge

larger than this marginal border; at some distance a second fold.

Concentric striations on the prosomite very fine and weak. Meta-

somites with very fine and weak short longitudinal fissures, visible

only with a high-power lens. Complete longitudinal furrows of

the metasomite only on the ventral surface; between them and

the pore short striae on the suture. Suture well developed, so-

mites not constricted at the suture; pores at junction of anterior

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 405

and middle thirds. The suture bent slightly forwards before the

pore. .

Sternites smooth; the pores small and triangular. Dorsal angle

of anal segment laterally compressed but rounded, not keeled. Anal

valves with small, well-defined marginal thickening ; three bristles,

toothed at the upper end, bearing a little papilla at the lower end.

Fourth and fifth joints of legs of g padded. Fringe of metasomite

(fig. 381) composed of simple little teeth, rather blunt.

Gonopods: at tip of gonopod-coxite one long, straight, tapering

spine (TZ) bent downwards on itself, separated by a deep sinus from

the blunt tooth (h) at the end of the lateral leaf. Medial leaf pro-

jecting inwardly as a rounded lobe; its margin not bent outwards

on itself. Lateral side of gonopod-coxite a blunt angle, bearing a

short black tooth (J) on the apex (fig. 380). Femoral spine of gonopod

strong, straight, and directed towards the praefemur in the distal

two-thirds. Tibial spine strong and pointed. Tibial process simple,

without lateral spines, describing several windings. Basal lobe of

tarsus partly covered with fine spinules ; terminal part divided into

several lobes by a deep sinus; no spined or toothed ridge in the

terminal lobes (fig. 379).

Vryburg (13754).

Gen. STORTHOPHORUS nov.

Femoral spine of gonopod present or absent. Tibial spine present

or absent. Tibial process simple, long, curved, without lateral spines,

finely furrowed. Basal lobe of tarsus smooth or beset with fine

spinules. Margins of terminal lobe strongly denticulate or fringed.

At tip of gonopod-coxite one spine or lobe directed to the base, usually

one short tooth on the lateral margin.

Anterior part of prosomites with the usual concentric striations.

Six supralabral pits. Margins of anal valves with small thickening,

toothed on the dorsal end. Fringes of the metasomite consisting of

simple teeth, forming a fine saw.

The gonopod-coxites of S. delagoanus are very similar to those of

Odontopyge durbanica, but the latter has no denticulate and fringed

lobe on the tarsus of the gonopod. The fine hairy basal lobe of the

tarsus is also found in Ardiophyllum liberale and debile and in

Spinotarsus, and is indicated in Odontopyge trifolia. This species

O. trifolia is therefore intermediate between Storthophorus and

Odontopyge.

406 Annals of the South African Museum.

Key to the Species of Storthophorus.

la. No femoral spine on gonopod. : : : : delagoanus 0. sp.

16. Gonopod with strong femoralspine . : 2) VRQ:

2a. Lateral margin of gonopod-coxite stronel dentienlate beteeen the middle

tooth and the end. Tibial spine simple, small. g, 53-55 segments

denticulatus n. sp.

2b. Lateral margin of gonopod-coxite with one tooth in the middle : 6 ay

3a. Tibial spine of gonopod strong, with two secondary lateral teeth. dg, 68

segments. Width 4-6 mm. No boundaries of the single elements visible on

basal half of fringed border of metasomites : : . levifrons n. sp.

3b. No tibial spine. ¢, 60 segments. Width 28mm. Boundaries of single ele-

ments of fringes visible to the base, the whole resembling a palisade

vallatus n. sp.

254. Stortkophorus delagoanus un. sp.

(Pl. XVI, figs. 397-399.)

Colour blackish-brown, antennae and legs yellowish-brown.

35, 65-67 segments. Width 6-5 mm.

Clypeus very smooth and shining; six supralabral pits, the outer

ones somewhat distant. Cheeks with short, rounded lobe. Sides of

collum broadly rounded anteriorly, with two arched folds. The usual

concentric striations on the prosomite. Metasomites appearing

smooth ; fine longitudinal fissures visible under a strong lens. Upper

longitudinal furrows at some distance from the pore. Pores opening

at junction of anterior and middle thirds, nearer to the suture on the

anterior segments. Suture complete. Fringe elements relatively

long, pointed, and narrow; their boundaries visible in the basal

coalesced part. Sternites smooth. Dorsal angle of anal segment

laterally compressed. Thickening of anal valves very small; at the

dorsal end a strong tooth, below it a little papilla. Anal scale arched.

All the legs, beginning at the third pair, padded on the fourth and

fifth joints.

One short, pointed tooth in the middle of the lateral margin of the

gonopod-coxite (figs. 397, 398), directed basally. At the tip one long

curved lobe, directed downwards ; one curved finger (f) of the medial

leaf enters into the cavity on the top of the gonopods and from

this cavity rises one folded lobe (x). No femoral spine on the gono-

pod (fig. 397). A small and simple tibial spine (Td) present. Tibial

process describing several curves in the shape of an 8 and with no

lateral spines. Tarsus divided into two lobes, one of them bearing a

secondary lamella with strongly lobate and fringed margin (fig. 399).

Delagoa Bay (23351).

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 407

255. Storthophorus denticulatus n. sp.,

(Pl. XVI, figs. 393-396.)

Colour dark reddish-brown, posterior border of metasomites

chestnut.

3, 53-55 segments. Width 3-7 mm.

Clypeus smooth; six supralabral pits, the outer ones not distant

laterally. Sides of collum bordered ; one fold parallel and close to

the marginal furrow, the second at some distance ; one abbreviated

fold between the two complete folds. Free part of prosomite and the

metasomite with very weak punctures and wrinkles. Transverse

suture well developed, the somites not constricted at the suture.

Pores opening at junction of anterior and middle thirds, nearer to

the middle on the posterior segments. The suture imperceptibly

bent forwards before the pore. Upper longitudinal furrows distant

from the pore. Sternites smooth. Stigmata normal. Dorsal angle

of anal segment laterally compressed, rounded above. Marginal

thickening of anal valves weak, with three bristles; dorsal end

toothed. Anal scale arched. Fourth and fifth joints of legs padded.

Gonopod-coxite (figs. 393, 394) characteristically shaped and easily

recognisable. Lateral side forming a blunt angle, the distal branch

of this angle strongly toothed. At the apex one thick, conical, black

tooth (1) directed inwardly. Margin of medial leaf sharply toothed

and ending in a long, slender, slightly curved spine bent outwards

(i, fig. 393). On the aboral side a long slender lobe or spine (TZ)

directed basally and separated by a deep sinus from the terminal

lobe of the lateral leaf. The great femoral spine of the gonopod

(fig. 395) is twisted round the femur. Tibial spine large and straight

(not visible in the drawing as it is situated on the opposite side) ;

tibial process simple, without lateral spines, describing several curves.

On the tarsus one lobe with folded margins, but without spines or

hairs. Terminal lobe boat-shaped ; two delicate lamellae with partly

denticulate margins lie upon it (fig. 396).

Krugersdorp, Transvaal (22405).

256. Storthophorus levifrons n. sp.

(Pl. XVI, figs. 390-392.)

Colour: prosomite and anterior half of metasomite pale reddish-

brown, posterior half of metasomite dark chestnut ; the trunk therefore

distinctly annulated. Head yellow, band between eyes darkish.

408 Annals of the South African Museum.

(This band is straight-bordered behind and lobate in the fore part.)

Antennae and legs brownish.

5, 68 segments. Width 4-6 mm.

Head very smooth and shining; 1+4-+1 supralabral pits; the

outer one more laterally situated. Cheeks of 3 with rounded lobe.

Sides of collum broadly rounded, lateral fold weak, second fold arched.

Sculpture of somites without peculiarities: prosomite with the usual

concentric striations. Free part of prosomite and metasomite densely

covered with fine punctures and short longitudinal fissures. Upper

longitudinal furrow on the metasomite of the sixth segment distant

from the pore. Fringes simple, teeth pointed; the teeth free for

one-third of the width of the border; no boundaries visible in the

coalesced part of the border. Angle of dorsal margin of anal segment

laterally compressed, rounded above. Medial border of anal valves

finely bordered, bearing three bristles not arising from papilla.

Upper end toothed. Anal scale arched. Fourth and fifth joints of

legs, including the posterior ones, padded.

The lateral leaf of the gonopod-coxite (fig. 392) with a deep, rounded

sinus near the tip, separating a blunt triangular lobe from the lobe

directed basally (7Z); this lobe has a peculiar torpedo-like shape,

attached by means ofa thin handle. At the tip a slender lobe rounded

and directed obliquely inwards and upwards. The medial leaf but

little bent on itself outwardly. At the side a little conical tooth (J).

Gonopod (fig. 390) with a large femoral spine, twisted ; tibial spine

(Td) very large and strong, with two lateral teeth. Tibial process

simple, describing several curves; the distal half with fine spiral

furrows. Tarsus divided into one basal lobe, in part finely spined,

and, one terminal lobe; the latter long and narrow and with several

strongly toothed ridges (fig. 391).

Port St. Johns, Cape Province (23400).

257. Storthophorus vallatus un. sp.

(Pl. XVI, figs. 386-389.)

Colour brown, posterior border of metasomites dark chestnut ; thus

annulated.

3, 60 segments. Width 2-8 mm.

Clypeus smooth; the labral sinus blunt, triangular. Five supra-

labral pits. Cheeks of g¢ with rounded lobe. Antennae surpass

the fourth segment. Prosomite with the usual regular concentric

striations ; free part of prosomite and the metasomite with dense,

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 409

needle-like fissures. Pores before the middle. Fringes resembling a

palisade ; the free points occupy one-quarter of the whole border

width, three-quarters being coalesced, the boundaries visible (fig.

389). Sternites finely reticulate. Dorsal angle of anal segment

laterally compressed, bluntly keeled above. Anal scale arched ;

valves moderately vaulted ; marginal border small, toothed on the

dorsal end, and with a little papilla below. Anterior legs of 3

indistinctly padded, posterior legs not padded.

Tip of gonopod-coxite (figs. 386, 387) pointed. Distal lobe (h) otf

lateral leaf separated by a rounded sinus from the little tooth (TZ),

basally directed and rising from the pointed terminal lobe. On the

lateral margin one blunt tooth (J). Femoral spine of gonopod peculiar ;

a small soft tube broken at several places, not rigid as usual. No

tibial spine; tibial process long, slender, without iateral spines,

with fine furrows in the distal half (fig. 388). Tarsus divided into

several lobes ; the terminal one very long and narrow, with its margin

partly beset with sharp teeth and obliquely furrowed. The other

lobes broad, rounded (figs. 386, 387).

Grahamstown, Cape Province (23386).

Gen. CHALEPONCUS Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 202.

Femoral spine of gonopod present or absent. Tibial spine present.

Tibial process long, slender, finely furrowed, simple, without lateral

spines. A separate basal lobe to the tarsus generally not distinct ;

sometimes beset with fine spinules. The tarsus bearing a large papilla

or rounded lobe with little spines and hairs.

Fringes of metasomite generally with simple points, sometimes

subdivided. Prosomite with the usual concentric striations. Meta-

somite without peculiar sculpture. The upper longitudinal furrows

distant from the pore. 6 (or 2+3) supralabral pits. Dorsal margin

of anal segment angled, laterally compressed ; the valves toothed on

the dorsal end.

1. Subgen. CHALEPONCUS Att.

Tarsus of gonopod bears a projecting lappet with little spines or

pins. Elements of fringes of metasomite simple, pointed. The

marginal thickenings of the two anal valves immediately touching.

South Africa, several species (see below).

410 Annals of the South African Museum.

2. Subgen. TRICHOCHALEPONCUS nov.

Tarsus of gonopod beset with little hairs. Points of fringes of

metasomite subdivided. Thickening of anal valves separated from

the small marginal border by a furrow.

Congo.

One species, C. fissicirratus Attems.

Synopsis of the Subgenus Chaleponcus.

la. Colour black. The projection beset with little spines lies in the cavity of the

tarsus of the gonopod. : . niger Attems.

16. Colour brown or black, with a median HT ee The projection beset with

spines runs to the tip of the tarsus or passes to the outer side . eee

2a. Femoral spine of gonopod present. A separate basal lobe of the tarsus of the

gonopod visible, beset with little spines. Terminal lobe of tarsus very

narrow, beset with numerous blunt pins and spines in the hollowed cavity

and on the external surface. Dorsum with yellow median band . ons ob

3a. Coxite of gonopod slender, ending in a pointed cone, no tooth on the lateral

side: on tarsus of gonopod a recurved plate. 57-58 segments

solitarius Ni. sp.

3b. Coxite of gonopod broad; on the lateral side near the tip a tooth. Tarsus of

gonopod without the recurved plate. 62-65 segments masienensis DL. Sp.

2b. No femoral spine. Spined lobe of tarsus not distinctly separated. Terminal

lobe of tarsus not very narrow, rather broad. No yellow band on the dorsum.

61-62 segments. Width 4mm. ormore . : Fis

4a. Terminal lobe of tarsus of gonopod with a projection of spines, some of them

divided into several points, running to the tip of the lobe. Metasomites with

scattered pits, otherwise smooth ; : : , limbatus Attems.

4b. Terminal lobe of the tarsus spined on the curved external side. Metasomite

with scattered punctures and dense wrinkles. . acanthophorus n. sp.

258. Chaleponcus niger Attems.

(Pl. XXII, fig. 527.)

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 204.

S.W. Africa, Sandup, N.W. of Tsumeb (B. 5969).

259. Chaleponcus solitarius n. sp.

(Pl. XVI, figs. 400, 401; Pl. XVII, fig. 407.)

Colour blackish-brown ; in middle of dorsum a yellow longitudinal

band, moderately broad, beginning on collum and running to tip of

anal segment (on the posterior segments the yellow band gradually

expands laterally). Basal half of antennae yellow, distal half brownish.

S$, 57-58 segments. Width 1-8 mm

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 411

Clypeus very smooth and shining. Six supralabral pits. Labral

sinus rounded ; ocelli distinetly convex. Cheeks with a short, rounded

lobe. Sides of collum symmetrically narrowed, broadly rounded at

the anterior angle, the sides straight ; side margin with a small border ;

one arched fold. Anterior half of prosomite with a few fine, regular,

concentric striations. The upper complete longitudinal furrows on

the metasomite distant from the pore ; then short furrows to the pore ;

dorsally to the pore, little pits. On the suture, the somites smooth

dorsally, with microscopical needle-like fissures. Pores at junction

of anterior and middle thirds. Fringes composed of small simple

teeth.

Sternites with fine reticulation. Angle of dorsal margin of anal

segment pointed, laterally compressed, keeled, and wrinkled. Valves

moderately raised, marginal thickening moderately high, not accom-

panied by a furrow on the outside, toothed at the dorsal end. Anal

scale arched. Anterior and middle pairs of legs padded, the posterior

legs not. The seventh somite of male not enlarged.

Tip of gonopod-coxite pointed and conical. The broad, rounded

lobe directed basally ; the end of the lateral leaf not projecting. No

tooth on the external margin. Femoral spine of gonopod (figs. 400,

407) strong, twisted. One large tibial spine present. Tibial process

with fine furrows. Basal lobe of tarsus beset with fine spines on the

margin and connected with one broad lobe (t, fig. 407) bearing one

recurved plate with a narrow handle-like process. Terminal lobe

narrow and hollowed out, and beset on the margin with numerous

blunt pins and lobules (fig. 401). The single specimen was caked with

soil and dirt and I am not able to give an exact drawing of this organ.

The specimen was also dry, so that the description must be verified

by means of better material.

Kaapmuiden, HK. Transvaal (4043).

260. Chaleponcus masienensis n. sp.

(Pl. XXV, figs. 549-550.)

Colour dark brown or black, posterior half of metasomite dark

reddish-brown. In the middle of the dorsum a narrow yellow stripe,

interrupted on each metasomite by the reddish posterior margin.

The stripe begins on the collum and runs to the penultimate segment.

3 width 2:7-3-4 mm. 62-65 segments.

Labral sinus moderately deep. Six supralabral pits. Head very

smooth. Collum: anterior angle broadly rounded, not projecting,

412 Annals of the South African Museum.

two folds. The free part of the prosomite and the metasomite finely

wrinkled by very short furrows. The transverse sulcus sharp. The

pore nearer to the suture. The upper complete longitudinal striae

far from the pore; abbreviated striae present above these. Inner

margin of anal valves not distinctly thickened, bearing three bristles.

Upper spine strong; no papilla below. The scale triangular.

Sternites smooth. Tibia and postfemur padded to the last pairs of

legs. Fringes on posterior border of metasomite made up of simple

little points like a saw.

Gonopods (fig. 550): coxite broad, on the top of the lateral leaf a

little tooth, separated by a sinus from the short prong, directed basally.

On the lateral side near the top a short tooth directed basally. Basal

spine of telopodite a spiral. Tibial process without lateral spine.

Tibial spime long and straight. Basal lamella of tarsus partially

covered with little points or spines; at the tip a rounded branch

covered with fine points and blunt spines (fig. 549).

Masiene, Chai Chai, Portuguese H. Africa (6014).

261. Chaleponcus limbatus Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 204.

(Pl. XVI, fig. 402; Pl. XVII, figs. 403-406; Pl. XXV, figs. 551, 552.)

Colour dark brown; first two-thirds of prosomite yellow, visible

when the animal is extended, especially on the middle segments.

Posterior border of metasomite reddish-brown. Antennae and legs

yellowish.

3, 61-64 segments. Width 4-4-5 mm.

Clypeus very smooth and shining. Six supralabral pits, the outer

ones not laterally placed. Ocelli distinctly convex. Cheeks of 3

with rounded lobe. Sides of collum rounded and bent a little forwards

in the anterior corner, the side straight ; margin indistinctly bordered.

Two folds. The regular and relatively strong concentric striations of

the prosomite occupying the first two-thirds. Free part of prosomite

and the metasomite with fine scattered punctuations. Longitudinal

furrows of metasomites regular, very fine; the upper ones far from

the pore. Between the upper complete furrow and the pore short

furrows on the suture. Transverse suture well developed, the somites

not constricted at the suture, the suture not visibly bent forwards in

front of the pore. Fringes of metasomites composed of simple-pointed

teeth (fig. 403). Sternites smooth. Stigmata triangular, normal.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 413

Whole anal segment densely punctate, dorsal angle bluntly keeled.

Marginal thickening of valves small, toothed at the dorsal end. No

papilla below. Anal scale arched. Fourth and fifth joints of all legs

padded.

Gonopods: a large, rounded lobe is separated off on the lateral side of

the gonopod-coxite (figs. 404, 551,552). At the tip a long, strong hook

(TZ) directed basally. The margins partly sinuate. The medial leaf

bears several lobes. Gonopod-telopodite (fig. 406) : no femoral spine ;

tibial spine short, pointed. Tibial process simple, curved, S-shaped.

Tarsus consisting of two large hollowed-out lobes, one of them narrow,

boat-shaped, bearing in its concavity a projection of simple- or

multiple-poimted spines. These spines are especially numerous to-

wards the tip of the lobe and here the many-pointed spines are in the

majority. No spined basal lobe separated off.

S.W. Africa.—Windhoek (5253, 4493); Tsumeb (5249); Tijger-

boomfontein (B. 4121); Oncka, Ovamboland (5752) ; Neudamm and

Farm Paulinenhof, near Windhoek; Farm Neitsas, Grootfontein

Distr. (Michaelsen).

262. Chaleponcus acanthophorus n. sp.

(Pl. XVII, figs. 408-411.)

Colour blackish-brown; dorsum of prosomite yellow, posterior

border of metasomite a somewhat lighter reddish-brown. Antennae

and legs yellow.

3, 62 segments. Width 4 mm.

Clypeus smooth. Six supralabral pits. ¢ cheeks with rounded

lobe. Sides of collum broadly rounded, not projecting forwards.

Two folds. The usual concentric striations on anterior half of pro-

somite. Free part of prosomite and the metasomite with dense, weak

wrinkles and fine punctuations. Longitudinal furrows on metasomite

continued to the pore by abbreviated furrows. Transverse suture well

developed, very slightly bent forwards before the pore; somites not

constricted at the suture. Pore between anterior and middle thirds.

Fringes resembling those of C. limbatus ; the boundaries visible in

the coalesced part of the border; the free points relatively long,

simple teeth (fig. 411). Dorsal angle of anal segment laterally com-

pressed, bluntly keeled. Anal valves with thickened margin, bearing

three bristles, a little papilla on the lower and a strong tooth on

the upper end; anal. scale arched. Sternites with microscopical

reticulation.

414 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gonopod-coxite much resembling that of C. limbatus and differing

only in details of contour (fig. 410). Gonopod telopodite (figs. 408,

409, 410) distinctly different. No femoral spine. Next to the short,

strong, tibial spine (7d) another similar tooth (Td, fig. 410). Tibial

process simple, bent into several curves. Basal part of tarsus rela-

tively narrow, not hairy or spined; terminal lobe divided into two

lobes, one long and slender terminated by a spine-like lappet, and one

curved and rounded branch bearing numerous simple or forked

spines on the outer side. Besides these two lobes several small lobes

on the margin (figs. 408, 409).

Messina, N. Transvaal (B. 3934).

Gen. HeticocHetus Attems.

1909. Attems, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, p. 158.

1909. Attems, Sjéstedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp., p. 55.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 205.

263. Helicochetus dimidiatus (Pet.).

1855. Spirostreptus (Odontopyge) dimidiatus (Pet.), Mon. Ber. Ak.

Berlin, p. 79.

1862. Spirostreptus (Odontopyge) dimidiatus Pet., Nat. Reise

Mossamb., p. 546.

1872. Spirostreptus (Odontopyge) dimidiatus Porat, Ofvers. Vet. Ak.

Forh., p. 42.

1901. Odontopyge attemst Verhoeft, Zool. Anz., xxiv, p. 656.

1914. Helicochetus dimidiatus Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 207.

Mozambique, Inhambane (Pet.), Caffraria (Porat), East Africa.

The locality Caffraria needs confirmation by a modern determina-

tion. All the species of Sprrostreptoidea were very loosely defined

when Porat wrote his paper.

Gen. SoLENOZOPHYLLUM Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 210.

264. Solenozophyllum anoncopygum Attems.

1914. Attems, Afrikan. Spirostrept., p. 211.

The label bears the name “‘ South Africa ” without precise locality.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 415

The literature contains a number of ‘‘ Odontopyge,” the descriptions

of which are useless in a modern sense and can be applied to nearly

all the species of Odontopygidea. I mention them for the sake of

completeness :

Porat, Myr. Afric. Austral., 1872, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Forh., v.

Odontopyge aequalis, Caffraria.

Odontopyge foveolata, Caffraria.

Odontopyge praetexta, Cafiraria.

Odontopyge puncticauda, Caffraria.

Brandt, Rec. de Mem. Vel. a l’ordre d. Myr., 1841.

Odontopyge bicuspidata, Cape Province.

Odontopyge flavotaeniata, Cape Province.

Odontopyge gracilicornis, Cape Province.

Silvestri, Nuovi Diplop. racc. a Kazungula, 1896, Boll. Mus.

Torino, xi, No. 257.

Odontopyge exquisitta, Kazungula.

Odontopyge jallae, Kazungula.

Silvestri, Deser. esp. nouv. Mus. Bruxelles, 1897, Ann. Soc. Ent.

Belge, xlil.

Odontopyge leptoproctus, Transvaal.

Voges, Beitr. z. K. Jul., 1878, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., xxxi.

Odontopyge binodifer, Port Natal.

Daday, Myr. extr. Mus. Nat. Hung., 1889, Term. Fiizetek., xii.

Odontopyge pusilla, Transvaal.

2. SuPERORDER COLOBOGNATHA.

First pair of legs of seventh somite normal, not modified. Second

pair of seventh and first pair of eighth somite modified to form gono-

pods. Papal lobes of gnathochilarium absent. Pleurites of head

(the cheeks) small; more or less sunken and not visible. Pars

lamelligera of the mandible atrophied.

The Colobognatha more than any other group of Diplopoda need

accurate and comparative study, because we are badly informed

about so many genera that the arrangement of the families can only

be provisional. So far as I know, Silvestri alone has published a

synopsis of the families in his “I Diplopodi.’”’ He used only the

coalescence of pleurites, tergites, and sternites to define the families,

and this exclusive use of one single character cannot give a result

which corresponds with the natural affinities of the families. As I

have no representatives of most of the families at my disposal I cannot

416 Annals of the South African Museum.

give a satisfactory synopsis, and must confine myself to the following

key, which I have made up as well as I could from the literature.

la.

1b.

2a.

2b.

3a.

3b.

4a.

4b,

Key to the Families of Colobognatha.

Tergites, pleurites, and sternites completely coalesced. Body cylindrical

Siphoniulidae (one genus : Siphoniulus, India).

Sternites always (pleurites often) free, 7.e. connected by membranes with

neighbouring parts ; 0 2 : : . . 2.

Gnathochilarium possessing most of the parts typical of the Diplopoda

Platydesmidae (genera: Platydesmus, Brachycybe, Fioria, Pseudodesmus,

Dolistenus).

Gnathochilarium consisting of a single plate or of several indistinctly defined

pieces : : 3 : : . : : o-

No eyes. The pores situated on keels or tubercles. Diameter of prosomites

distinctly less than that of the metasomites, so that the prosomites are like

constrictions between the metasomites. Sensitive rods on fifth and sixth

joints of antennae densely crowded together and the whole sunk in a round

groove (? in Siphonorhinus). Pleurites not coalesced with tergites

Siphonophoridae (genera: Siphonophora, Siphonorhinus).

One or several ocelli present on each side. The prosomites not forming con-

strictions between the metasomites, their diameter not being appreciably

less than that of the metasomites . : : : - . poe

Pores situated on lateral lobes of the tergite. Tergites with distinct median

suture. Head completely concealed by the collum

Stphonocryptidae (genus: Siphonocryptus, India),

Pores situated on the body of the tergite, far from the lateral margin. No

median suture. Head partly free and visible . ° ° Polyzonidae.

Fam. PoLyZONIDAE.

1894. Pocock, Max Weber’s Reise, p. 337.

1896. Silvestri, I Diplop., p. 37.

This family has been divided into two subfamilies :

1. Subfam. PoLtyzontnakE Verhoeft.

1901. Subfam. Polyzoniini Verhoefi, Arch. Naturg., p. 253.

1908. Tribe Polyzonwnz Ribaut, Nat. Myr., iv, Bull. Toulouse, xli,

p- 105.

Ventral ends of anal tergite overlying one another like the lappets

a coat; anal valves in the opening surrounded by these lobes.

Vasa deferentia, with penis, opening behind second pair of legs and

parated from them. Pores close to the transverse suture.

Genera: Polyzoniwm Brandt, Orsiboe Attems.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 417

2. Subfam. H1RUDISOMINAE Silv.

1901. Subfam. Heterozoniini Verhoeff, Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr., xx,

Arch. Naturg., p. 253.

1908. Tribe Heterozoniini Ribaut, Bull. Toulouse, xli, p. 106.

Anal segment consisting of one ventral closed annular part and the

valves. Vasa deferentia opening in coxae of second pair of legs.

Pores remote from transverse suture.

Synopsis of the Genera of Hirudisominae.

la. Two or three ocelli on each side ; anal segment completely concealed by prae-

anal segment and not visible from above

Hirudisoma Cav. (Syn. Heterozonium Verhoeff, Ribaut).

1b. One ocellus on each side. Analsegment partly visible from above . Sess

2a. Anterior gonopod 6-jointed, posterior gonopod 7-jointed. Pleurites nearly

coalescent with tergites . 5 ; . Burenia nov. gen.

2b. Anterior gonopod 4-jointed, sestavie senobod 3- to 5-jointed; pleurites

connected with tergites by membranes

Rhinotus Cook (Syn. Orsilochus Attems).

Gen. BURENIA nov.

Head conical, moderately slender, no break before the eyes. One

ocellus on each side surrounded by a spot of black pigment. Sixth

joint of antennae the largest ; fifth, sixth, and seventh joints with one

row of sensitive rods projecting freely on the distal margin. Eighth

joint with four sense cones. Gnathochilarium a united plate.

Hypostoma as in allied forms.

Second pairs of legs of ¢ 6-jointed ; vasa deferentia opening in the

coxae with a penis connected to the coxae by articulation. Terminal

claw surrounded by several long bristles. Transverse border of

somites semicircular. Tergites with transverse suture, on the anterior

segments finely pubescent. Pores from fifth to prae-anal segment

half-way between suture and posterior margin, remote from lateral

margin. Pleurites and tergites solidly connected, the two sternites

and the pleurites connected by membrane. Prae-anal segment with

two pairs of legs and two pores. Anal segment consisting of one

united, dorso-ventrally compressed ring without suture and the two

valves ; partly visible from above. Coxae, except some of the last

pairs, with pouches.

Anterlor gonopods 6-jointed, the coxae inserted fairly far. Ter-

minal joint with bristles and one large claw (one tarsal joint and

VOL. XXVI. 27

418 Annals of the South African Museum.

praetarsus coalesced ?), hollowed out on the aboral side with a little

conduit-lobe for the posterior gonopod. Posterior gonopod 7-jointed ;

terminal joint very long and thin.

265. Burenia nasuta un. sp.

(Pl. XVII, figs. 412-424.)

Colour reddish-brown with fine, dark marbling. Antennae blackish.

Pigment of eyes black. Legs pale yellow.

3S, 64-88 segments. Width0-9 mm. Length of one somite 0:26 mm.

Head (fig. 412) conical, sparsely pubescent, the hairs small. One

very long bristle on the inner side of each eye. Each eye with one

large ocellus lying in a large black pigment-spot. Head covered as

far as the posterior margin of the eyes by the collum. No break like

steps of a stair before the eyes. Antennae very thick, 8-jointed ;

sixth joint the largest, seventh joint small, eighth very small. First,

second, and seventh joints with one whorl of hairs, third and fourth

joints with two whorls; fifth and sixth joints with scattered hairs

arranged irregularly. Eighth joint hairless. On distal margin of

fifth and sixth joints several short, thick, sensitive rods ; on the seventh

joint the rods are more slender. These rods are situated in the open,

not in a pouch as in Siphonophora. Eighth joint with four slender

sense cones (fig. 413). Collum with six transverse rows of hairs.

First segment apodous. The hypostome is a small transverse plate

connecting the ends of the collum.

Anterior tergites with two rows of hairs, diminishing progressively

in size and number. Tergites smooth ; the pores in an uninterrupted

row (fig. 421) from the fifth segment to the prae-anal segment, midway

between the suture and the posterior margin; the first pore visibly

lower than the following ones. In cross section the somites are semi-

circular ; no lateral keels or lobes. Lateral margin of body straight ;

the anterior and posterior angles at the sides of the tergites are 90°.

No median suture in the tergites ; transverse suture very fine. The

pleurites are nearly immovably connected with the tergites by a

suture, but the two can be separated by teasing them out with the

needle. The differentiation “ pleurites coalesced with the tergites ”

and ‘‘ pleurites free,” as used by Silvestri, is not a good character

and should not be used in tabular keys, because it is usually difficult

to decide which of these cases is being dealt with.

Anal segment visible from above as a low triangle. It consists of

a ring compressed in a dorso-ventral direction, without suture, but

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 419

with one longitudinal oval opening on the ventral surface (fig. 424),

and in this opening the anal valves (av) are inserted. The margin

of the opening bears some bristles. Pleurites or an anal scale cannot

be distinguished ; the whole ring (#) is a single piece. The preceding

segment, the prae-anal (Pra), has the same pleurites as all the other

body segments, two pores and two pairs of legs. There is thus no

apodous segment before the anal segment.

Second pair of legs of ¢ (fig. 416) 6-jointed, sparsely pubescent.

The penis (P) is inserted by means of an articulation on the coxae,

and is a slender pin-like structure. The terminal claw is surrounded

and surpassed by dense groups of long bristles (fig. 419) ; on the third

leg under the claw are several bristles closely pressed together, re-

sembling a single striated bristle. The legs behind the gonopods have

only one strong bristle beneath the claw (fig. 420).

The anterior gonopods (fig. 423) are inserted for some distance on

the well-developed sternite (v) and separated by the broad sinuate

border of the sternite. Hach gonopod 6-jointed. The last joint

seems to be derived from the coalescence of one tarsal (ta) and one

praetarsal (prt, figs. 414, 415) joint in the sense of Myere. The basal

part of this product, the tarsus, bears on the oral side several bristles ;

on the aboral side it is hollowed out and the margin bears a little

rounded lobe (lo, fig. 414), a conduit-lobe for the posterior gonopod.

The distal part of the double joint, the praetarsus, is not separated

from the tarsal portion by any suture, and consists of one broad

lamelliform claw (cl) and a secondary claw (clt) also lamelliform. The

gonopod with scattered hairs. The posterior gonopods (fig. 422) are

inserted far apart. The second joint is a short disc. The third to

the sixth joints diminish gradually ; the base of the terminal joint is

knob-like, the remainder long, thin, and whip-like (fig. 417), the tip

hollowed out like a funnel (fig. 418) as in Orsiboe. One long bristle

on the third joint, the rest of the gonopod hairless.

Knysna (B. 5257).

LIST OF LITERATURE.

ATTEMS, C.—

(1) System der Polydesmide: I, Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Ixvii, 1898;

II, ibid., Ixviii, 1899.

(2) Neue Polydesmiden des Hamburger Museums, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus., 2,

Beiheft. d. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., xviii, 1901.

(83) Synopsis der Geophiliden, Spengels Zool. Jahrb. Syst., xviii, 1903.

(4) Javanische Myriopoden, Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, xxiv, 1907.

(5) Die Myriopoden der Deutschen Siidpolar Expedition, Siidpolar Exped., ix,

Zool., i, 1907.

420 Annals of the South African Museum.

(6) Myriopoden von Elba, Spengels Zool. Jahrb. Syst., xxvi, 1908.

(7) Aethiopische Myriopoden, Zool. Jahrb., xxvii, 1909.

(8) Die Myriopoden der Vega Expedition, Arkiv f. Zoologi, v, 1909.

(9) Wiss. Ergebn. d. Schwedischen Zool. Exped. nach dem Kilimandjaro-Meru

und den umliegenden Massai-steppen D. O. Afrikas, 1905-6, unter

Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjéstedt, xix, Myriop., 1909.

(10) Leonhard Schultze’s Forschungsreise im W. und centralen Siidafrika,

Denkschr. medic. u. naturw. Ges., Jena, xiv, 1909.

(11) Myriopoden von Madagascar, den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas,

Voeltzkow Reise in Ostafrika i. d. J., 1903-5, Bd. iii, 1910.

(12) Die Fauna S.W. Australiens: Myriop., Ergebn. Hamburg. S.W. Austral.

Forschungsreise, 1905, Michaelsen und Hartmeyer, Bd. iii, 1911.

(13) Afrikanische Spirostreptiden, Chun, Zoologica, xxv, 1914.

(14) Die Indo-australischen Myriopoden, Arch. Naturgesch., 1914.

(15) Myr. in Ergebn. d. Hamburg. Wiss. Studienreise, 1911. Beitr. z. K. Land

u. Siisswasserfaunas Siidwestafrik., Bd. 2, Lf. 1, 1922.

(16) Myr. in Kiikenthal, Handbuch der Zsol., iv, 1926.

(17) Wiss. Ergebn. R. Grauer Zentralafrika, Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien, 1927,

Berwese£, A.—Julidi del Museo di Firenze, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., xviii, 1886.

Bottmann, .—The Myr. of North America, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 46, 1893.

Bourne, G.—On the Anatomy of Sphaerotherium, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., xix,

1885.

Branopt, T. F.—Tentam. Monogr. Ins. Myr., ete., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vi,

1833.

BréLtEemann, H. W.—

(1) Myr. du Mus. de 8. Paulo, Revista Mus. Paulista, v, 1901.

(2) Apropos @un Syst. des Geophilomorpha, Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., (5), iii,

1909.

(3) The Myr. in the Australian Mus., Rec. Austral. Mus., I, vol. ix, 1912; I,

vol. x, 1913.

(4) Un nouveau Syst. des Spirobolides, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1913.

(5) Etudes sur les Spirobolides, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixxxiii, 1914.

(6) Les Gonopodes des Spirostreptes, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1916.

(7) Essai @une classific. des Polydesmiens, Ann. Soc. Ent. Paris, Ixxxiv, 1916.

BrROLEMANN et Ripaut.—Essai d’une Monographic. des Schendylina, Nouv. Arch.

Mus. Paris, (5), iv, 1912.

CARL, J.—

(1) Diplopoden-studien, I, Die Gonopoden von Epinannolene und Pseudo-

nannolene, Zool. Anz., xlii, 1913.

(2) Diplopoden-studien, II, Eine neue Physiostreptiden Gattung, ibid.

(3) Diplopoden-studien, III, Zur Morphologie der Stemmatoiuliden, zbzd., xliii,

1914.

(4) Die Diplopoden von Columbien, etc., Mém. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat., v, 1914.

(5) Spirostreptides nouveaux ou peu connus du Musee de Genéve, Rev.

Suisse Zool., xxv, 1917.

(6) Miscellan¢es Diplopodologiques, ibid., xxvi, 1918.

CHAMBERLIN, R.—

(1) The Henicopidae of America N. of Mexico, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zeol. Harvard

Coll., lvii, 1912.

The Myriopoda of South Africa. 421

(2) The Genus Watobius, zbid.

(3) The Chilopoda of Brazil, cbid., lvili, 1914.

Cook, O. F.—

(1) An Arrangement of Geophilidae, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. Washington,

Xvili, 1895.

(2) East African Diplopoda of the Suborder Polydesmoidea, Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus., xviii, 1895.

(3) Brandtia, A Series of Occasional Papers on Diplopoda, Huntington, 1896.

(4) African Diplop. of the Fam. Gomphodesmidae, ibid., xxi, 1899.

Cook, O. F., and G. N. Coitztins.—The Myr. Coll. by the Eclipse Exped. to West

Africa, Ann. N. York Ac. Sci., viii, 1893-95.

GROBBELAAR, G. 8.—The Scolopendridae of South Africa, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,

vii, 1921.

Haass, E.—

(1) Schlesiens Chil., Zeitsch. Entoim., (2), vii, viii, 1880-81; Schlesiens

Diplop., ibid., (2), xi, xii, 1886.

(2) Die Indo-australischen Myriopoden, 1, Die Chilopoden, Abh. Ber. d. zool.

anthr. ethn. Mus. Dresden, 1886.

Hansen, H. T., The Genera and Species of the Order Symphyla, Quart. Journ.

Micr. Sci. (2), xlvii, 1903.

Karscu, F.—

(1) Zur Formenlehre der pentazonen Myr., Arch. Nat., xlvii, 1881.

(2) Neue Juliden des Berliner Mus., Zeitschr. Ges. Nat. (3), vi, 1881.

Kocu, C. L.—Die Myriopoden, 2 Bde., 1863.

Koon, L.—Beschr. neuer Arachn. Myr., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, xv, 1865.

KRaAEPELIN, K.—Revision der Scolopendriden, Mitt. Nat.-Mus. Hamburg, xx,

1903.

LatzEL, R.—

(1) Die Myr. d.

(2) Beitr. z. K.

MEINERT, Fr.—

(1) Danmarks Scolop. og Lithob. Chilogn., Naturh. Tidsskr., (3), v, 1868.

(2) Myr. Mus. Hauniensis: I, Geophil., Naturh. Tidsskr., (3), vii, 1870-71; II,

Lithobiini., abid., (3), viii, 1872-73.

(3) Myr. Mus. Cantabrigensis, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xxiii, 1886.

Prrers, W. C. H.—

(1) Uber die Myr. im allgemcinen und insbesonders iiber di2 in Mozambique

beobachteten Arten dieser Familie, Ber. Verh. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1855.

(2) Naturwiss. Reise nach Mossambique: Myr., 1862.

Pocock, R. T.—

(1) On the Classific. of the Diplopoda, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), xx, 1887.

(2) Deser. of some New Species of Chil., ibid., (6), viii, 1891.

(3) Rep. on the Myr. Challenger Exp. Bermudas, zbid., (6), xi, 1893.

(4) Chil., Symph., Diplop. from the Malay Archipelago, Max Weber, Zool.

Ergebn. einer Reise Niederl. Ostind., iii, 1894.

(5) Contr. Arthrop. Fauna West Indies, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond., xxiv, 1893.

(6) Biologia Centrali Americani, Chil., 1896 ; Diplop., 1903-9.

(7) Description of a New Species of the Leat-footed Centipede (Alipes), Ann

Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xviii, 1896.

Ost. Ung. Monarchie: I, 1886, Chilop.; IT, 1884, Diplop.

d. Myr. Fauna von Madeira, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., xii, 1895.

422 Annals of the South African Museum.

(8) Some New Genera and Species of Lithobiomorpha Chil., ibid., (7), xviii, 1901.

(9) The Chil. of the Australian Continent, 7bid.

(10) A New and Annectant Type of Chilopod (Craterostigmus), Quart. Journ.

Micr. Sci., xlv, 1902.

Porat, C. O.—

(1) Om nagra Myr. fran Azorerna, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., Nr. 7, 1870.

(2) Myr. Afric. Australis: I, Chilopoda, Ofvers. Vet. Ak. Férh., Nr. 9, xxviii,

1871; II, Diplopoda, ibid., 1872.

(3) Om nagra exotiska Myriopoder, Bih. Sv. Ak. Hand., iv, 1876.

(4) Myriopoder fran West och Stid Afrika, ibid., xviii, 1893.

(5) Zur Myriopodenfauna Kameruns, 7bid., xx, 1895.

Ripaut, H.—

(1) Sur un genre nouv. de la sous-tribus des Ribautiina, Bull. Soc. Nat. Hist.

Toulouse, xliii, 1910.

(2) Contr. Pétude Chilopodes de Colombie, Mém. Soc. Neuchatel Se. Nat., v,

1912. :

SAUSSURE et ZEHNTNER.—Myr. in Grandidier Hist. phys. Nat. et polit. de Mada-

gascar, xxvii, 53 fasc., 1902.

SILVESTRI, F.—

(1) I Diplopodi, I, parte systematica, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2), xvi, 1896.

(2) Nuovi Diplop. race., dal Rev. Liugi Jalla a Kazungula, Bull. Mus. Zool.

Torino, No. 257, 1896.

(3)

(4)

(5) Contrib. conose. Diplopodi, Redia, i, 1903.

(6) Myr. in Fauna Hawaiiensis, iii, 1904.

(7)

(8)

Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., xxiv, 1907.

(9) Contrib. conese. Chilop., Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. Portici, iv, 1909.

(10) Materiali per una revisione dei Diplopoda Oniscomorpha, ibid., 1910.

VERHOEFF, K. W.—

1) Neue Diplop. der Palaearct. Region, Zool. Anz., Nos. 403, 404, 1892.

) Beitr. Anat. System. Juliden, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges., xliv, 1894.

) Aphorismen Biol. Morphol. Gatt. u. Art. Systematik. der Diplopoden, Zool.

Anz., Nos. 476, 478, 1895.

(4) Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr., XVI, Zur Vergleich. Morph. System. u. Geogr. der

Chilopoden, Nova Acta Academ. Caes. Leop. Carol., Bd. Ixxvii, 1901.

(5) Beitr. z. K. Pal. Myr., XX, Diplop. d. dstl. Mittelmeergebiets, Arch. Nat.,

Ba. Ixvii, 1901.

(6) Myr. Chilopod. in Bronn’s Class. u. Ordnungen d. Thierr., Bd. 5, 1902.

(7) Uber Scutigeriden, 5 Aufs., Zool. Anz., xxix, Nos, 2-4, 1905.

(8) Juliden System, Zool. Anz., xxxiv, 1909.

(9) Die Diplopoden Deutschlands, 1910-14.

Voces, E.—Beitr. z. K. der Juliden, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., xxxi, 1878.

(

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

INDEX.

[The synonymous, invalid names in italics. |

Acanthiulus

acanthophorus (Chaleponcus)

Achilophilus

aculeatus (Podochresimus) :

Adenoschendyla

adumbratus (Spirostreptus)

aequalis (Odontopyge)

aeruginosus (Cormocephalus)

afer (Trachycormocephalus)

afra (Rhysida) .

africana (Lamyctes)

afzelii (Scolopendra)

Necro ae

agricola (Gnathoribautia)

alabamae (Watophilus)

alatus (Podochresimus)

albipes (Henicops)

albipes (Lamyctes)

Alipes :

Allantogonus

Alloporus .

Alloschizotaenia F

alluaudi (Ballophilus)

alokopyga (Harpagophora)

aloysii sabaudiae (Cryptops)

aloysii sabaudiae (Odontopyge)

Amastigogo NUS .

ambonensis (Spirostr -ophus)

Anastreptus

Anaulacodesmus

anceps (Cormocephalus)

ancillare (Sphaerotherium) .

andinus (Paralamyctes)

angulicollis (Spirostreptus) .

evista xenus

anodontus (Spirostreptus) 5

anomolans (Cryptops)

anoncopygum (Solenozophyllum)

Anopsobiinae

Anopsobius

Antiphonus

annulJatus (Spirostreptus)

annulipes (Doratogonus)

Anurostreptus

Aphilodon

Aphilodontinae :

apicale (Sphaerotherium)

Apogeophilus 5

apora (Brachygonarea)

310, 312

181, 189

PAGE

296, 297

413

153

245

128

383

415

apora (Polygonarea) .

aporopus (Eurytion) .

Archiulini

Archiulus .

Arctogeophilus .

arcuosus (Spirobolus)

Ardiophyllum

Arenophilus

argus (Scaphiostreptus)

armatus (Lophostreptus)

armatus (Doratogonus f.)

Arthrorhabdus .

Arthrosphaera .

Asanada .

asperulus (Paralamyctes)

Aspidopleres

Astrodesmus

Atelomastix

atrata (Urotropis)

atrophus (Chersastus)

attemsi (Odontopyge)

attemsi (Schendylurus)

attenuata (Scolopendra)

attenuatus (Spirostreptus) .

atticum (Pachymerium)

audax (Cryptops)

Aulodesmus

Aulonopygus.

australis (Cryptops)

australis (Kartinikus).

australis (Poratophilus)

australis (Schendylurus)

Autostreptus

badiceps (Eurytion)

badius (Chersastus)

Ballophilinae

Ballophilus

barbarica (Orya)

bayoni (Cryptops)

bayoni (Odontopyge)

bicolor (Lophostreptus)

biconus (Ulodesmus) .

Bicoxidens c

bicuspidata (Odontopy ge)

bifaleatus (Philocaftrus)

binodifer (Odontopyge)

170,

386,

301, 306

424

PAGE

bipartitus (Archiulus) 290

bispinosus (Ulodesmus) 283

bivittatus (Cryptops) 84

boerium (Sphaerotherium) . 229

bohlsi (Orphnaeus) 125

bombycinus (Camaricoproctus) 345

Bournellum ¢ 203

bouvieri (Ribautia) 173

Brachycybe é 416

Brachygeophilus : . 147

Brachygonarea . : ee lesilcmle tid

Brachyschendyla 129

brachyurus (Chersastus) 301

brachyurus (Trigoninlus) 301

brasilianus (Orphnaeus) 125

Brasilophilidae . 181

Brasilophilus 182

braueri (Chersastus) 301

braueri (Trigoniulus) . 301

braunsi (Ballophilus) . 140

braunsi (Stenauchenia) 272

brevicornis (Asanada) 105

brevicornis (Cormocephalus) 102

brevicornis (Spirostreptus) . 384

brevilabiatus (Orphnaeus) . 124

brevilobatus Coorepop mine) 381

Buethobius : : 5) ee}

bullata Sey ge) 388

Burenia ‘ 417

caeculus (Henicops) 62

caeculus (Lamyctinus) 62

caeculus (Lithobius) 62

caftrarius (Neodesmus) 285

calcarata (Scolopendra) 91

calearatus (Anopsobius) 74

calearatus (Cormocephalus) 100

calcipes (Alipes) 108

caledonica (Mesoschendyla) 129

Calostreptus 362

ealvus (Cormocephalus) 101

Camaricoproctus P . 028, 344 |

Cambalidae é 310

Cambaloidea . , . 287, 309

Cambalomorpha 310

Cambalopsidae . 310

Cambalopsis . : : - ol0

cameranii (Lophostreptus) . 360

capense (Strongylosoma) 250

capensis (Cormocephalus) 95

capensis (Hanseniella) 193

capensis (Scutigera) 4]

capensis (Scutigerella) 193

capensis (Spirostreptus) 384

capricornis (Doratogonus) . . 339

carinata (Urotropis) 342

carinatus (Calostreptus) . . 362

carli (Lophostreptus) . 361

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

castanea (Lamyctes) 59

castaneus (Alloporus) 350

castaneus (Spinotarsus) 401

Castanotherium 203

Catanopsobius . : : 77

caucasicum (Pachymerium) 160

celer (Julomorpha) . ; 314, 319

centralis (Ribautia) : 173

cephalotes (Spirostreptus) . 340

ceresinus (Gnomeskelus) 264

Cermatobioidea 79

cervinus (Archiulus) 290

Chalandea : 6 5 debe

Chaleponcus. : . 387, 409

Charactopygus . 327

Chersastus go) 2 neo oT mao

Chilenophilinae . 169

Chilenophilus 170, 173

chilensis (Catanopsobius) dl

chilensis (Paralamyctes) 67

Chiliosoma : 25

Chilognatha 198

Chilopoda : 31

chlorocephala (Scolopendra) 91

Chorizocerata . : : . 200

cicur (Julomorpha) . 315, 320

cinctellum (Sphaer otherium) Be Ae

| Cingalobolus. 5 . 2965 297

circulus (Alloporus) 349

circulus (Antiphonus) 375

civicum (Sphaerotherium) 231

clavatus (Gnomeskelus) : . 206

clavatus (Spirostreptus) 375

clavicornis (Ballophilus) 139

Clinopodes . 148

cluniculus (Graphidostreptus) 341

| coarctatus (Spirostreptus) . 384

| cognata (Scolopendra) 91

coleoptrata (Scutigera) 39

Colobognatha 415

Colobopleurus f 103

colonus (Kartinikus) . 342

colosseus (Haplothysanus) . 395

columbiensis (Zygethobius) 5 Ue

commune (Sphaerotherium) ats

compressum (Sphaerotherium) 221

conatus (Antiphonus). : . 274

conatus (Triaenostreptus) 368

concors (Julomorpha) 314, 318

congoensis (Scaphiostreptus) 341

conifera (Ribautia) 173

| coniterum (Sphaerotherium) 230

| coniugans (Buethobius) 73

| conjungens (Geoperingueyia) 150

convexitarsum (Sphaerotherium) 217

coriaceus (Scaphiostreptus) 341

| coriaceus (Spirobolus) $ - 308

Cormocephalus . 93

corralinus (Chilenophilus) 173

corvinus (Spirostreptus) 384

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

crassipes (Cryptops)

Craterostigmomorpha

Craterostigmus . é

cribellatum (Philacroterium)

cristulatus (Spirostreptus) .

crotalus (Alipes)

crotalus (Kucorybas) . .

eryptodesmoides (Platytarrus)

Cryptopidae :

Cryptops

Ctenorya .

cupipes (Cormocephalus)

curtipes (Geomerinus)

cylindraceum (Strongylosoma)

Cyliosoma 5

debile (Ardiophyllum)

delagoanus (Storthophorus)

dentatus (Eurytion)

dentatus (Henicops)

denticulata (Lamyctes)

denticulatus (Kartinikus)

denticulatus (Storthophorus)

dentipes (Gnomeskelus)

destitutus (Philocaffrus)

detectus (Cryptops)

Deuterojulinae 2

devylderi (Colobopleurus)

devyldert (Cormocephalus) .

Diaporus . : :

Dichelobius

dicrothrix (Sphaerotherium)

digitulus (Spirostrophus)

Dignathodontinae

digrammus (Spirobolus)

Dimerog onus

dimidiatus ( Helicochetus)

dimidiatus (Odontopyge)

dimidiatus (Spirostreptus)

Dinocambala :

Dinogeophilus

dinogonum (Sphaerotherium)

diphialephorus eae nne

Diphtherogaster

Diplethmus

Diplochaeta

diploconus (Antiphonus)

diplocrada (Harpagophora) .

diplodontus (Poratophilus) .

Diplopoda

dispar (Cor mocephalus)

dispersa (Odontopyge)

distinetus (Poratophilus)

dittoktenus (Harpagophora)

divisus (Philocaffrus) . ;

dolabrata (Odontopyge)

dolichocephalus (Eurytion)

dolichopus (Zygethobius)

PAGE

183

383

108

252

Dolistenus

Doratogonus

doriae (Cryptops)

dorsale (Sphaerotherium)

dorsaloide (Sphaerotherium)

durbanica (Odontopyge)

elegans (Cormocephalus)

elegans (Spirobolus)

elongata (Scolopendra)

emarginata (Lamyctes)

Epinannolene 3

eremita (Sphaerotherium) :

Eremobelus :

HKrithophilus

erythropareius (Spirostreptus)

Esastigmatobius :

Escaryus . :

esulcatus (Cormocephalus) 6

Ethmostigmus .

Eucarlia

Eucorybas

Eugnatha

Eumekius

Eurygeophilus .

Eurytion . :

exaratus (Gymnostreptus) ;

excrescens (Walesobius)

exquisita (Odontopyge)

faleatus (Alloporus)

falcatus (Aulodesmus)

falcicollis (Spirostreptus)

fasciatus (Chersastus)

fasciatus (Spirostreptus)

feae (Cryptops) .

ferrugineum (Pachymerium)

ficlinus (Aulodesmus)

Fioria : 0 :

flavens (Dichelobius) .

flavicollis (Bicoxidens)

flavifilis (Doratogonus)

flavifilis (Spirostreptus)

flavifrons (Spirostreptus)

flavofasciatus (Spirostreptus)

flavosignatus (Aulodesmus).

flavotaeniata (Odontopyge)

flavus (Diphtherogaster)

fonticinus (Podochresimus)

fontinalis Colobopleurus)

formosus (Arthrorhabdus) .

formosus (Spirobolus)

fortis (Julomorpha)

toveolata (Odontopyge)

fubrmanni (Ribautia)

fusata (Pentorya)

fusatum (Himantarium)

327, 331

ans

227

225

390

102

308

o Gl

311, 312

229

371

147

376

297, 299

314, 317

of the South African Museum.

426 Annals

PAGE

galatheae (Cryptops) . 84

Geomerinus : li5G

Geoperingueyia 148, 150

Geophilidae 144

Geophilinae 146

Geophilomorpha 108

Geophilus 3 p, AT

giganteum (Sphaerotherium) . 235

gigas (Graphidostreptus) 370

gigas (Spirostreptus) . 370

Globanus . 327

globiter (Gnomeskelus) 262

Globotherium 202

globulatus (Gnomeskelus) 266

Glomeridia 200

Gly phiulidae . 9310

Gly phiulus 310, 312

Gnathoribautia . eas

Gnomeskelus 25k 254.

Gomphodesmidae 242, 272

Gomphodesmus a 208}

Gonokollesis 5 vaxil, Poe?

gracilicornis (Odontopyge) ; . 415

gracilis (Orthomorpha) 250

gracilis (Spirostreptus) 384

graeffei (Spirostreptus) 384

grandiceps (Geophilus) 193

grandidieri (Alipes) 108

grandidier1 (Hucorybas) 108

granulatum (puberou etiam 5 Ail

Graphidostreptus 363, 370

grossum (Sphaerotherium) . . 236

Gymnostreptus : 328, 352

haasei (Cryptops) 83

Haasiella . OS

Habrodesmus ; 243, 247

haemorhanthus (Eucarlia) . 299

Hanseniella 193

Haploschendyla - 129

Haplothysanus . 386, 393

Harmomastix . 9386

Harpagophora 372

Harpagophoridae 370

harpagus (Eucarlia) 39-299

Harpethrix 251, 271

Helicochetus 386, 414

Helicorhabdosoma . 243

Helminthomorpha 199, 238

Hemicormocephalus . 3

Hemipodiulus 290

Henicopidae 52

Henicops . 62

Heniorya . 125

hereronia (Odontopyge) 391

heros (Spirostreptus) . 383

heterotarsus (Pleotarsobius) 64

heterotarsus aes)

Heterozonium

hilaris Keieumeta

Hirudisoma

Hirudisominae . 5

hortensis (Cryptops) .

humberti (Icosidesmus)

hyalinus (Cryptops)

Hydroschendyla

Hypocambala

Hypochlorella

Hypogexenus :

hy. strix (Schindalmonotus) :

Icosidesmus 6

ignava (Julomorpha) .

imparata (Ribautia)

impressa (Scolopendra)

impressus (Henicops) .

inermipes (Cryptops) .

inermipes (Lamyctes)

inermis (Patinatius) :

inopinatus (Colobopleurus) .

inscriptus (Chersastus)

Insigniporus

insignis (Henicops)

insularis (Haasiella)

insularis (Henicops) :

insularis (Mecistocephalus) .

integer (Alipes) . :

intercalatus (Aspidopleres)

intercalatus (Orphnaeus)

intermedia (Odontopyge)

intermedia (Scolopendra)

intermedium (Sphaerotherium)

interveniens (Arthrorhabdus)

intricatus (Scaphiostreptus)

Ityphilus . : :

jallae (Odontopyge)

japonicus (Esastigmatobius)

jombene (Ctenorya)

Julidae

Juliformia

Juloidea

Julomorpha :

junodi (Poratophilus)

juvenis (Neodesmus) .

2 | kalaharinus (Eurytion)

| kandti (Lophostreptus)

| kandti (Odontopyge) .

| karschi (Julus) .

karschi (Palaeoiulus) .

Kartinikus

. 288

240, 285

287

312

381

285

168

359

387

291

5 III

328, 342

The Myriopoda of South Africa.

PAGE

karykinus (Eucarlia) . 299

kilimandjarona (Odontopyge) . 388

kinbergi (Julomorpha) 314, 315

kitharistes (Sphaerotherium) 26

Koubanus c ‘ 194, 198

kraepelini (Ballophilus) 139

kraepelini (Cryptops) . 85

kraepelini (Eurytion) 174

kraepelini (Polygonarea) 174

kriigeri (Triaenostreptus) 367

Ktenostreptus 5) aul

Kylindotherium Mim 20 as2ou

kymatorhabdus (Triaenostreptus) 366

Lamnonyx 126

Lamyctes 54

Lamyctinus 62

Lamyctopristus 64

laticollis (Aulodesmus) 278

laticollis (Spinotarsus) 397

laticollis (Spirostreptus) 384

latitolius (Haplothysanus) . 393

leprosus (Scaphiostreptus) . 341

Leptophyllum 289

leptroproctus (Odontopy ge) 415

leve (Kylindotherium) : 237

levifrons (Storthophorus) 407

levigatus (Alloporus) . 351

levigatus (Paralamyctes) 71

levis (Harpagophora) 373

liberale (Ardiophyllum) 404

lichtensteini (Sphaerotherium) 236

Limacomorpha . 199

limbatus (Chaleponcus) 412

limbatus (Spirostreptus) 384

lineatus (Spinotarsus) a7

Lithobiidae 77

Lithobioidea 50

Lithobiomorpha 49

Lithobius . 79

littoralis (Spirobolus) 308

lividus (Orphnaeus) 124

longicornis (Cormocephalus) 99

longius (Plagiotaphrus) 369

Lophoproctus : 194

Lophostreptus . 358

macilentus (Scaphiostreptus) . 341

macrotis Attems (Spirostreptus) 329

macrotis Gerst. (Spice zeptus) 340

Macroxenus 193

maculatus (Henicops) 62

maculosus (Ballophilus) 140

madecassus (Scaphiostreptus) 341

Maoriella . : : 147

Marcianella 64

Mardonius 328

marginatus (Spirostreptus) .

maroccanus (Schendylurus)

martensi (Cermatobius)

masienensis (Chaleponcus) .

matabelinum eae

Mecistauchenus ;

Mecistocephalidae

Mecistocephalus

Mecophilus . .

mediocris (Proschizotaenia)

megalopora (Cryptops)

meinerti (Spirostreptus)

melanopus (Spirostreptus) .

melanopygus (Spirostreptus)

Merochaeta .

meruinus (Orphnaeus)

Mesoiulus

Mesoschendyla .

metazonalis (Scaphiostreptus)

Metiche : : :

metopias (Hurytion) .

Metriostreptus 6

mexicanus (Orphnaeus)

michaelseni (Cormocephalus)

michaelseni (Kurytion)

micramma (Ulodesmus)

micronyx (Mecistauchenus).

micropora (Lamyctes)

micropora (Urotropis)

Microporus

microstictum (Sphaerotherium)

181,

296,

millepunctatum (Sphaerotherium)

minuta (Alloschizotaenia) .

mirabilis (Trachycormocephalus)

moderatus (Eurytion)

modestum (Sphaerotherium)

modestus (Haplothysanus)

modiglianii (Cryptops)

monilis (Cryptops)

monodus (Harpagophora)

Monographis :

monopora (Mesoschendy la)

monoporus (Achilophilus)

monospathis (Polygonarea)

montanus (Scaphiostreptus)

monticola (Sphaerotherium)

moreleti (Archiulus)

moreleti (Julus) .

morelett (Schizophylum)

moromangae (Alloporus)

morsitans (Scolopendra)

mossambicus (Aulodesmus).

mossambicus {Kurydesmus)

multiannulata (Odontopyge)

multiannulatus (Doratogonus)

multispinosus (Cormocephalus)

194,

multispinus (Hemicormocephalus)

Mychodesmus

Myrmekia

Mystalides

bo bo ho

eo G9 bo ho

oo-1OOwDmWDnwmw

MDewwmew 1010

428

Nannophilus ‘

nanus (Gonokollesis) .

naresii (Spirostrophus)

nasuta (Burenia)

natalensis (Scutigera)

natalicus (Gnomeskelus)

Nematophora

Neodesmus ,

neotropicus (Mecophilus)

neozelandicus (Anopsobius)

Nesostreptus

niger (Chaleponcus)

niger (Phaeodesmus) .

nigerrimus (Bicoxidens)

nigra (Harpagophora)

nigropictus (Orphnaeus)

nigrum (Sphaerotherium)

nitidus (Cormocephalus)

nodulosa (Vanhoeffenia)

notatus (Spirostreptus)

Notiphilides ;

numidicus (Cryptops).

oabitus (Buethobius) .

Obelostreptus

obtusum (Sphaer other ium)

occidentalis (Trachycormo-

cephalus)

Odontopyge

Odontopygidae .

Odontopygideae

Odontostreptus .

Oligaspis . 5

Oligodesmus

oligoporus (Cormocephalus)

oligopus (Polygonarea)

oligotarsus (Henicops)

Omodesmus

Oniscomorpha

Ophistreptus

Opisthandria

Opisthospermophora

orinomus (Chersastus)

Orinophilus :

ornata (Odontopyge) .

Orphnaeus

Orsiboe

Orsilochus

Orthomorpha

Ort hoporus

orthurus (Thy ropygus)

Orya

Oryidae

Otostigminae

Otostreptus

oxygonus ( Aulodesmus)

274,

386,

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

oxygonus (Eurydesmus) 9 279

oyapokanos (Scaphiostreptus) 341

Pachyiulini 289

Pachymerinae . 152

Pachymerinus 153, 169

Pachymerium 153, 157

Paectophyllinae 289

Palaeoiulus . 289

pallida (Julomorpha) . 321

Paralamyctes 66

parcespinatus (Colobopleurus) 104

parcespinatus (Cormocephalus) 104

Parorya : 125

patagonicus (Anopsobius) eaves

Patinatius : . 9386, 401

pauperum (Philacroterium) 186

Pectinifoliinae 144

Pectiniunguis 128

Pemptoporus 5 - 328

penicillatus (Gnomeskelus) : . 266

Pentazonia 199

Pentorya c ; é 5 2

peregrinus (Lithobius) : he)

Pericambala 310

Pericambalidae . : 310

peringueyi (Aulodesmus) 279

peringueyi (Cryptops) 86

permodestum (Sphaerotherium) . 231

perpunctata (Urotropis) 342

petersi (Rhysida) 106

petersi (Spirostreptus) 367

peterst (Trematoptychus) 106

petersi (Triaenostreptus) By CLO

Phaeodesmus 243, 248

Philacroterium . 181, 182

philammus (Cry ptops) a) th)

Philocafirus 251, 266

Philoporatia . 376

Phyllogonostreptus 371

picturata (Scolopendra) 91

pilosella (Scolopendra) 91

pinampus (Lamyctes) 60

pius (Lamyctes) 60

plagiarium (Sphaerotherium) . 224

Plagiotaphrus : . 363, 369

plana (Harpethrix) . 5 Be Ul

Plateurytion : 161

platycephalus (Koubanus) : 198

| platycephalus (Polyxenus) 198

| Platydesmidae . : 416

Platydesmus 416

Platytarrus 251

Pleonaraius 250

Pleotarsobius . : : 5.) . G3}

Plesiocerata . : 5 . 200

Plethocrossus

i :

he Myriopoda of South

Pleuroschendyl Africa.

Plusio yee PAGH

Plato cae 128 4929

sche “ ,

plurvia eee 328 He: (Spir ae

pococki (8 eotaoe Gatlin aia (Geaph streptus) 353

eres robolus) i 180 iostreptus) ie

Pp : simus . . 41

. pay kipus a : R

olitifrons (G F : 43 rainbowi (Schi d -

Pi te || eee Eee ae

< olydesmoide , 352 regularis ae 173

olydes : 2) 297, repand ‘ Streptus 387

i bedeea (Philocaftrus) 239, 240 Brae Gnsnae ) 358

polyodont _. 269 | tepublica Gmomeskelus) 173

us (C 17 nus (P ) 0

polyodus TY ptops) 1, 173 retusum odochresimus . 263

(Har (Spha mus)

polypodus Gees. : 84 Rhamphidar erotherium) ; 245

polypus ete 375 Rhinotus . pe - 4 2 ODI

polypus (Schend ilus) 125 rhodesianus (Cc B 5, BEB

Polyxen sane ) 149 | thodesiz ryptops) 417

Parad 134 | rhod anus (Habrod d

P oS 1 4 Bh. obates (Gnon esmus) 85

olyzonium a4 ynchoproct neskelus) . wl

pontifex (Corm 416 | Rhysida eS 258

ee gee

ntis (Z : reptus ixosa (J . : : . 06

eee : bs 356 eeaoe Teese : - 170, 172

praepolitus (Se 79 | robustus Neate - 314, 318

praetexta (Od aphiostreptus) 376 | robustus (S wee tars) 379

princeps (All ontopyge) 341 ane CoP aanee 149

Prionopetal oporus) 415 rotundatu (Sphaerotheri 298

procera Cee 347 ruber (C s (Spirostreptus EN) gs) II

De vee (Oda) 387 Seip eget ptus) . 385

m :

productus ( Thea 388 Se ae (Macroxenus 301, 304

propinqua (U. opsobius) 203 | rudis (Julo us (Polyxenus s) 197

Deasehirota rotropis) 77 | tuficeps (S morpha) ) 197

pean "949 | rugifrons Chie 315, 321

Pselaphognath . 171, 179 rugosa (Se eee) : 6 ort

pieeasaeeae 238 Sea aaa euuec yea

Pseudonann 7 193 phaerotherium 4]

Peudonannolenid a : nae

Psoudoprionopltis j aa sabulosoides (Spi :

Pt opunctatus (C 25 sabulosu pirobolus)

Ses (Cormocephalus) os Spates ae ‘ 309

P ostreptoides (L 6 | saltatoria oratophilus) . 168

tilostre ophost 289 Sint (Scolo

Rea reptus) - 309 Sea eel) 380

s (Sphaer F aroxen ; : : 5 91

En peasy 214 ae es 311

ctatum (S ah treptus) Zine Seaphi : pirobolus) ‘ 194

punctatu aE aerotheri 352 phiostreptus , sar

pun m (Strongyl um) 236 scaphula (Od . ae 309

ctatus (Coi ylosoma) Sch ontopye SO DUERS

punct ‘Cormocephal 250 endyla pyge) , 340

aie Peakonaigm 96 Ses eo

5 s (Sy x ne abl ; s 12

Beet aude y Boat ostreptus) 378 |S eae) linae ise

puncti onto 343 \ endyluru at

pun cuca Gees : ae aera : 128

Be oa, (Lamnonyz) 237 Sehicophytiom : : 132

nictulate De aa 127 ee Bee

unc dont 1 : zotae <

eee eee . Bae schultzei (Co ;: 2,

reellinus er otherium) 8 schult ormocephal 4 ; 160

pusilla (Odont . 1 234 Se ee omere nS us) . al

puteinus é! opyge) : i 47, 148 S eer (Monogr ) ae

pyrrl (Gnomeskelus 415 colopendra graphis) 315

yrrhocephalus (G lus) 2 Scolo : : 198

Ss (Gymnost 265 g pendridae : i 98

treptus). 353 Seolleime acho i i P : é 9]

Scutigera : : rpha f j . 90

: : ; 7) 380

5 al!

430

Scutigerella

Scutigerina

Scutigeromorpha

Seytonotus

securifer (Ulodesmus).

segnis (Cormocephalus)

semilunaris (Spirostreptus) .

Semnosoma ;

Semnosomidae

sennae (Odontopyge) .

Sepedonophilus

serratus (Haplothysanus)

setiger (Alloporus)

setiger (Cormocephalus)

setosus (Doratogonus)

setosus (Spirostreptus)

severini (Odontopyge)

seychellarum (Scaphiostreptus)

silvanus (Chersastus) .

silvaticus (Gnomeskelus)

similis (Poratophilus).

sinuata (Henicops)

sinuata (Lamyctes)

Siphoniulidae

Siphoniulus

Siphonocryptidae

Siphonophora

Siphonophoridae

Siphonorhinus

sj6stedti (Ctenorya) :

sj6stedti (Scaphiostreptus) .

Sogonidae 6 :

sokarienus (Zygethobius)

Solenozophyllum

solitarium (Sphaerotherium)

solitarius (Chaleponcus)

Soniphilidae

spenceri (Paralamyctes)

Sphaeromimus .

Sphaeropoeus

Sphaerotheria

Sphaerotherium

Sphaerotrichopidae

Sphaerotrichopus

Sphenodesmus . :

spinatum (Sphaer otherium)

spiniter (Gnomeskelus)

Spinotarsus

Spirobolidae : 5

spirobolina (Harpagophora)

Spiroboloidea : :

Spirostreptidae .

Spirostreptideae

Spirostreptinae .

Spirostreptoidea

Spirostreptomorpha .

Spirostreptus

Spirostrophus

splendidus (Chersastus)

Stenauchenia .

301.

386,

202,

241, :

PAGE

193

251

284

101

329

251

250

387

168

394

347

338

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

Steneurytion 161

Stenostreptus 327

Stenurostreptus. 371

sternalis (Trematorya) . 126

Storthophorus . : . 387, 405

Stosatea 243

strigosus (Spirobolus). 309

striolatus (Spinotarsus) 399

Strongylosomidae ‘ 242

stuhlmanni (Rhysida). 106

stupendus (Cryptops) 87

stylifer (Doratogonus) 340

stylifer (Spirostreptus) 340

subdorsale (Sphaerotherium) 228

submite (Sphaerotherium) . 222

subpartitus (Spirostreptus) . 385

subspinipes (Scolopendra) 91

sulcaticollis (Scaphiostreptus) 341

sulcicollis (Reepiostre ata) 341

Symphyla 193

Si ymphyognatha . 287

Syndesmogenus . 386

Synophryostreptus 327, 343

Synxenus . . 194

tabulinus (Gymnostreptus) . 354

tabulinus (Paralamyctes) 70

Tachypodiulus 289

tachypus (Eucarlia) 299

tarda (Julomorpha) 315, 320

tasmanianus (Craterostigmus) 80

tenuis (Spinotarsus) 400

tenuitarse (Sphaerotherium) 215

terebrum (Odontopyge) 387

terreus (Gnomeskelus) 259

tersus (Lophostreptus) 359

tesselatus (Spirobolus) 309

Thalthybius PA, Ue)

Thyropygus 382

togensis (Mecistocephalus) , 127

Trachycormocephalus 92

Trachyiulus 310

Trachystreptini 357

trachyura (Urotropis) 342

transvaalicus (Alloporus) 352

Trematorya 126

Triaenostreptinae 363

Triaenostreptus 363

Trichochaleponcus 410

Trichogonostreptus 328

trichopus (Eurytion) . 165

trichopygum (Bournellum) 221

trichopygum (Sphaerotherium) 221

Tricladosoma . ; 243

trifolia (Odontopyge) 391

Trigoniulidae . 5 YS

Trigoniulus 297, 299

trigonopodus (Ethmostigmus) 107

The Myriopoda

PAGE

trigonyger (Spirostreptus) . . 385

triodus (Triaenostreptus) . . 366

triops (Lamyctes) 5 ‘ . 64

triops (Marcianella) . : . 64

tripartitus (Triaenostreptus) . 364

triplicatus (Spirostreptus) . 6 Stele

Triporobius ‘ : ere veay(al

triserratus (Cryptops) Q . 84

tristani (Henicops) . J) Gl

tristanicum (Pachymerium) a ilisy/

tristis (Julomorpha) . . 9314, 319

tropicus (Cryptops) . Be ks)

tuberosum (Sphaerotherium) . 220

tumidens eee ePy es) : bn ST!

Tycodesmus : . 273

Tymbodesmus . c : 6 PAU.

Ulodesmus : 5 PAIRS PASO)

ulopygus (Lophostreptus) : . 360

unciger (Triaenostreptus) . . 365

uncinatus (Alloporus). : . 348

uncinatus (Doratogonus) . . 338

uncinatus (Eucarlia) . : 5 2H)

urophorus (Euearlia) . ; . 299

Urotropis . é ; 5 | OPE BR

vaga (Scolopendra) . 3 se ill

validus (Lamyctopristus) ; 5 ae)

validus (Spirostreptus) : . 385

vallatus eee) : . 408

Vanhoeffenia . : 7285

of South Africa.

Vanhoeffeniidae

Vaulogerodesmus

velox (Eucarlia)

venatorius (Eucarlia)

victorint (Cormocephalus)

viride (Sphaerotherium)

voiensis (Spinotarsus)

vulpinus (Chersastus)

WwW

wahlbergi (Scolopendra)

wahlbergi eae

Walesobius

Watophilus :

weberi (Aphilodon)

weberi (Paralamyctes)

weberi (Scutigerina)

weberi (Sphaerotherium)

werneri (Spinotarsus)

xanthonotus (Spinotarsus) .

xanthopus (Doratogonus) ~

Zantethobius

Zephroniidae

Zygethobiini

Zygethobius

Zygochaeta

301, ;

171,

AAT r WD

Prats I.

Schindalmonotus hystrix Att.

. General dorsal view.

. Labrum,

. One dorso-lateral and one pleural cushion with bristles.

. A part of one pleural cushion.

. Two lateral bristles.

. Dorsal scale.

. Second leg and penis.

Sphaerotherium spinatum.

. Marginal bristles.

. Anterior gonopods.

. Posterior gonopod.

Sphaerotherium rotundatum Brandt.

. Posterior gonopod.

2. Anterior gonopod.

. Coxae and vulva, 9.

. Marginal bristles.

Sphaerotherium tenuitarse Silv.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Marginal bristles.

. Coxae of second leg of 9.

Sphaerotherium kitharistes Att.

. One of the last legs of the ¢.

. Posterior gonopod.

21. Marginal bristles.

22. Second leg of 9; coxae and vulva.

He OO

bo bo bo bo

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Sphaerotherium commune Att.

. Coxae of the tenth leg.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Posterior gonopod,

. Second leg of the 9.

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Prats II,

Sphaerotherium commune Att.

Tarsus of posterior gonopod.

Sphaerotherium tuberosum Att.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Vulva of 9.

Sphaerotherium trichopygum Att.

. Marginal bristles.

. Posterior gonopod.

Sphaerotherium cinctellum Silv.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Marginal bristles.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

. Vulva.

. Last joint of leg.

Sphaerotherium plagiarium Silv.

. Beads on the anterior margin of the metasomite.

. Marginal bristles.

. Last joint of a leg.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Posterior gonopod.

Sphaerotherium ancillare Attems.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

. Vulva.

Sphaerotherium dorsaloide Silv.

. Marginal bristles.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

Sphaerotherium dorsale Gerv.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Third joint of a leg,

. Anterior gonopod.

. Longitudinal section through a tergite.

. Marginal bristles.

Sphaerotherium subdorsale Silv.

Anterior gonopod.

Plate II.

ERIUN. Neill & Co. Ltd.

Plate Il. 7

nm, Afr, Mus., Vol. XXVI.

ij Vor !

Tyler! f t

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+! ert Tr t

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sPHAEROTHERIUM,

Neill & Co. Ltd.

Puate III.

Sphaerotherium subdorsale Silv.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Marginal bristles.

Sphaerotherium eremita Attems.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

. Marginal bristles.

. Vulva.

Swhaerotherium civicum Att.

. Coxal horns of posterior gonopods.

. Tarsus of posterior gonopod.

. Three marginal bristles, more highly magnified.

. Marginal bristles.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

Sphaerotherium dicrothrix Att.

. Anterior gonopod.

. 6 coxae of tenth leg.

. Tarsus of posterior gonopod.

. Vulva.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Marginal bristles.

Sphaerotherium punctulatum Brandt.

. Marginal bristles.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

. Vulva.

Sphaerotherium modestum Att.

. Vulva.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

. Marginal bristles.

Sphaerotherium solitarium Att.

. Marginal bristles.

. Coxae of tenth leg.

. Vulva

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102

Pirate IV.

Sphaerotherium giganteum Por.

. Intersegmental membrane.

. Marginal bristles.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopod.

Podochresimus republicanus Att.

. Fifth segment.

. Gonopod, view of inner side.

. Gonopod, tibia! process and tarsus.

. Fourth leg of ¢.

. Second leg of ¢.

Podochresimus aculeatus Att.

. Gonopod-tarsus, view of outer side.

. Gonopod, view of inner side.

. Sheath branch of gonopod-tarsus.

. Fifth leg of ¢.

Podochresimus fonticinus Att.

. Gonopod-tarsus.

. Gonopod.

. Fifth segment of ¢.

. Second leg, ¢.

. Fifth leg of 3g.

Habrodesmus rhodesianus Att.

. Gonopod, view of inner side.

. Gonopod, view of outer side.

. Gonopod, tibiotarsus, inner side.

Platytarrus cryptodesmoides Att.

. Marginal fringes of metasomite.

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103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

111.

112.

113.

114.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.

121.

122.

123.

124,

PiLate V.

Platytarrus cryptodesmoides Att.

Gonopods, oral view.

Gonopods, aboral view.

Gonopods, profile.

Twelfth segment.

Habrodesmus rhodesianus Att.

Sternite 5 and fourth leg of g.

Gonokollesis nanus Att.

Gonopods, aboral view.

Gonopods, oral view.

Antennae, the last joint.

Spines of the sixth joint of the antennae.

Antennae.

Fourth leg of the ¢.

Seventh segment of § without gonopods, ventral view.

Gnomeskelus clavatus Att.

Bases of second pairs of legs of ¢.

Fifteenth leg of the ¢.

Last joint, more highly magnified.

Gonopod.

Gnomeskelus rhodobates Att.

Cones on the femur of the fifth leg of ¢.

Gonopod.

Spheres and bristles of the second tarsus. Fifth leg, 3.

Gnomeskelus terreus Att.

Seventh segment.

Gonopod telopodite, aboral view.

Lateral view of same.

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Gnomeskelus silvaticus Att.

125. Gonopod telopodite, inner side.

126. Cones of the third joint, fifth leg of ¢.

127. Gonopod telopodite, lateral view.

128. Twentieth leg of 3.

Gnomeskelus natalicus Att.

129. Gonopods, aboral view.

130. Gonopods, oral view.

131. Fifth leg, 3.

132. Tenth segment, ¢.

Gnomeskelus ceresinus Att.

133. Gonopod, oral view.

134. Telopodite of the gonopod, aboral view.

135. Bases of second leg of 3.

Gnomeskelus globifer Att.

136. Gonopod.

137. Coxae of second leg, ¢.

138. Tip of the gonopod-tarsus.

139. Last joint, fifth leg, ¢.

140. Lamellae surrounding the gonopodial opening, seventh segment.

Gnomeskelus repandus Att.

141. Fifth leg, ¢.

142. Gonopod-tarsus.

143. Gonopod, aboral view.

144. Gonopod, oral view.

145. Gonopod, inner side.

146. Coxae of second leg, ¢.

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147,

148,

150.

151,

153.

154.

155.

156.

157.

158.

159.

160,

162.

163.

164.

165.

166.

167.

168.

169.

170.

Ale

172.

Prats VII.

Gnomeskelus repandus Att.

Sternite, seventh segment, ¢.

Gnomeskelus puteinus Att.

149. Gonopod.

Second leg, 3.

Philocaffrus destitutus Att.

152. Gonopod.

Marginal fringes, seventh segment, ¢.

Seventh segment, ¢.

Philocaffrus divisus Att.

Right gonopod, inner profile.

Left gonopod, aboral view.

Gonopod-bases, aboral view.

Marginal fringes, seventh segment, ¢.

Ninth segment, ¢.

Philocaffrus polydesmoides Att.

161. Gonopods.

Highth segment, 3.

Fourth leg, ¢.

Antennae.

Marginal fringes, eighth segment, ¢.

Spherical bristles of the second tarsus.

Sickle bristles of the ventral surface of the femur.

Philocaffrus bifalcatus Att.

Ninth segment, ¢.

Ventral surface of the first tarsus, fifth leg, ¢.

Second tarsus, fifth leg, ¢.

Fourth leg, ¢.

Marginal fringes.

Sixth leg.

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ILOCAFFRUS.

Plate VII.

‘Ann. 8, Afr. Mus., Vol. XXVI.

Neill & Co. Ltd,

CAFFRUS.

GNOMESKELUS.

Puate VIII.

Philocaffrus bifalcatus Att.

173. Gonopod.

174. Last joint of one of the posterior legs.

Antiphonus conatus Att.

175, 176. Gonopods.

177. Sixth segment, ¢.

178. Seventh segment without gonopods.

179. Eighth and ninth segments.

Antiphonus circulus Att.

180. Last joint, fourth leg, ¢.

181. Second leg, 3.

182, 183. Gonopods.

184. Keels of tenth and eleventh segments.

185. Sixth segment, 3.

Ulodesmus bispinosus Att.

186, 187. Gonopods.

188. Sixth segment, g.

189. Last joint of one of anterior legs.

Ulodesmus micramma Cook.

190, 191. Gonopod.

192. Sixth segment, ¢.

193. Keels of eighth and ninth segments.

194. Fifth leg, last joint, ¢.

Ulodesmus securifer Att.

195. Sixth segment, oral view.

196, 197. Gonopods.

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NUS, ULODESMUS,

Neill & Co, Lta.

1S, ULODESMUS,

)

inase®

8 rk

Puate IX.

Ulodesmus biconus Att.

198. Gonopod.

199. Telopodite of the gonopod, profile.

200. Tip of the telopodite.

201. Last joint of fifth leg.

202, 203. Thirteenth segment.

Aulodesmus peringueyt Att.

204. Gonopod, view of inner side.

205. Posterior end of the body, dorsal view.

206. Part of the gonopodial telopodite, view of outer side.

207. Tip of the gonopod.

208. Sternal process of sixth segment.

209. Last joint of fifth leg.

Aulodesmus oxygonus Pet.

210. Part of gonopodial telopodite (the same part as fig. 206).

Aulodesmus laticollis Att.

211. Gonopod.

212. Gonopod, view of inner side.

213. Last joint of fifth leg.

214. Tip of the gonopod.

215. Fifth leg.

Chersastus fasciatus Att.

216, 217. Anterior gonopods.

218, 219. Posterior gonopods,

220. Fifth leg of ¢.

Chersastus ruber Att.

221, 222. Anterior gonopod.

223. Posterior gonopod.

Mystalides pumilis Att.

224, Sense organs on the distal part of the anterior gonopod.

Chersastus silvanus Att.

225. Posterior gonopod.

Aes Wy y | y

Netll & Co. Ltd.

RSASTUS, MYSTALIDES.

la) d| Wy Uy ) ff

Hailed a Me

Neill & Co. Ltd.

PLATE X,

Chersastus silvanus Att.

226, 227. Anterior gonopods.

Chersastus atrophus Att.

228, 229. Anterior gonopods.

230. Posterior gonopod.

Chersastus inscriptus Att.

231, 232. Anterior gonopods.

233. Part K of distal joint of anterior gonopod, more highly magnified.

234. Posterior gonopod.

235. Telopodite of the posterior gonopod.

Julomorpha kinbergi Por.

236. Coxite of anterior gonopod.

237. Anterior gonopod, another view.

238. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod.

Julomorpha fortis Att.

239. Distal part of the anterior gonopod, oral view.

240. Anterior gonopod, aboral view.

241. Posterior gonopods.

242. Telopodite of anterior gonopod, profile.

Julomorpha rixosa Att.

243. Anterior gonopods, aboral view.

244, Anterior gonopod, oral view.

245. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod, more highly magnified.

246. Posterior gonopods.

Julomorpha cicur Att.

247, Anterior gonopod, distal part.

248. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod.

249, 250. Posterior gonopods.

Julomorpha celer Att.

251. Anterior gonopods.

252. Telopodite of anterior gonopod.

253. Posterior gonopods.

Julomorpha hilaris Att.

254. Telopodite of anterior gonopod.

255. Anterior gonopod.

Julomorpha tarda Att.

256. Posterior gonopod.

Plate X.

Neill & Co. Ltd.

ULOMORPHA.

——

~ Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. XXVI.

Plate X.

CHERSASTUS, JULOMORPH.A,

Neill & Co, Ltd,

Puate XI.

Julomorpha tarda Att.

. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod, oral view.

. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopods, ahoral view.

Julomorpha concors Att.

. Anterior gonopods, oral view.

. Anterior gonopods, aboral view.

. Telopodite of anterior gonopod, more highly magnified.

. The same as fig. 262. The oral lamellae removed to show the inner lobes.

. Posterior gonopod.

Julomorpha ignava Att.

. Anterior gonopod, aboral view.

. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod, oral view, more highly magnified.

. Anterior gonopods, profile of outer side.

. Coxite of the anterior gonopod, inner profile.

Julomorpha tristis Att.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Telopodite of the anterior gonopod.

. Posterior gonopod.

Julomorpha rudis Att.

. Anterior gonopods, coxite and telopodite separate.

. Anterior gonopod, in situ.

. Posterior gonopod.

Bicoxidens flavicollis Att.

. Gonopods, oral view.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Tip of the anterior gonopod, aboral view.

. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

Bicoxidens nigerrimus Att.

. Gonopods, view of outer side.

. Tip of anterior gonopod, aboral view.

. Gonopod, oral view.

Doratogonus capricornis Att.

2. Anterior gonopod.

. Lateral cone, more highly magnified.

. Posterior gonopod.

Doratogonus flavifilis Pet.

. Anterior gonopod.

Doratogonus xanthopus Att.

. Posterior gonopod.

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287,

289.

290.

291.

292.

293.

294.

303.

304.

305.

306.

307.

Puate XII.

Deratogonus xanthopus Att.

288. Posterior gonopod.

Doratogonus annulipes Carl.

Anterior gonopod.

Doratogonus setosus uncinatus Att.

Anterior gonopods, aboral view.

Posterior gonopod.

Tip of anterior gonopod, oral view.

Camaricoproctus bombycinus Att.

Gonopods.

Posterior gonopod, more highly magnified.

Synophryostreptus punctatus Att.

. Gonopods, oral view.

. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

. Seventh leg of ¢.

Alloporus faleatus Att.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Collum of ¢; lobe.

. Anterior gonopod.

Alloporus circulus Att.

. Anterior gonopod.

Alloporus castaneus Att.

. Gonopods,

Alloporus levigatus Att.

Gonopods.

Alloporus uncinatus Att.

Gonopods.

Alloporus rugifrons Att.

Posterior gonopod.

Anterior gonopod.

Gymnostreptus pyrrhocephalus Koch.

Posterior gonopod.

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Neill & Co. Lid.

IDAE.

————— SC

‘Aun. S. Afr, Mus., Vol. XXVI.

Plate XII.

Neill & Co. Ltd.

SPIROSTREPTIDAE.

fey

ay ir

308.

309.

311.

312.

313.

314.

310.

315.

316.

317.

318.

319.

320.

321.

322.

238.

329, 330. Telopodite of the posterior gonopods from opposite sides.

331.

332.

Puate XIII.

Gymnostreptus pyrrhocephalus Koch.

Anterior gonopods.

Gymnostreptus tabulinus Att.

Gonopods of specimen from Gouda, Tulbagh Div.

Gonopods of specimen from Knysna.

Gonopods of specimen from Houw Hoek.

Gonopods of specimen from Cape Flats.

Posterior gonopod of specimen from Knysna.

Gymnostreptus tabulinus var. exaratus Att.

Anterior gonopod.

Triaenostreptus kriigert Att.

Tip of the posterior gonopod.

Anterior gonopod, oral view.

Gonopod, aboral view.

Triaenostreptus unciger Att.

Gonopods, oral view.

Gonopods, aboral view.

Tip of the posterior gonopod.

Triaenostreptus peterst Karsch.

Anterior gonopod, aboral view.

Triaenostreptus triodus Att.

Posterior gonopod.

Harpagophora spirobolina Karsch.

. Gonopods.

Harpagophora polyodus Att.

. Anterior gonopod of specimen from Clanwilliam.

Anterior gonopod of specimen from Matjesfontein.

Harpagophora ditioktenus Att.

. Coxite of gonopods.

Harpagophora levis Att.

Gonopods.

Coxal spines of the posterior gonopod.

Poratophilus diplodontus Att.

Tip of the posterior gonopod.

Plate XIII.

Neill & Co. Lid.

330

eerie: ;

NA msn more kre 8 nye

TY mn A NI

a yor PAO

arr 5

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REPTUS, HARPAGOPHORA.

GY MNOSTREPTUS, “a. TREPTUS, HARPAGOPHORA. Neill & Co, Ltd.

Puate XIV.

Poratophilus diplodontus Att.

333. Gonopods, oral view.

334. Tip of anterior gonopod, aboral view.

335. Tip of posterior gonopod.

Poratophilus similis Carl.

336, 337. Anterior gonopod.

338. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

Poratophilus brevilobatus Att.

339, 340. Anterior gonopod.

341, 342. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

Poratophilus sabulosus Atte

343, 345. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

344, 346. Anterior gonopod.

Poratophilus robustus Att.

347. Gonopods.

348, 349. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

350. Anterior gonopod, aboral view.

Poratophilus punctatus Att.

351. Anterior gonopod.

352. Gonopods.

353, 354. Tip of the posterior gonopod.

Poratophilus junodi Carl.

355, 356. Gonopods.

Odontopyge trifolia Att.

357. Anterior gonopod.

358. Posterior gonopod.

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SSS

kiss . ron

q : ener ¥ re

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j oon SEES

—

Neill & Co. Ltd.

IDON TOPYGE.

Plate X

PORATOPHILUS, ODONTOPY GE.

Neill & Co, Ltd.

367, 368. Gonopods.

. Spines of the basal lobe of the tarsus of posterior gonopod.

. Marginal fringes.

PLatTe XV.

Odontopyge trifolia Att.

. Marginal fringes.

. Anterior gonopod.

Haplothysanus colosseus Att.

. Posterior gonopods.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Marginal fringes.

Haplothysanus serratus Att.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Marginal fringes.

Spinotarsus tenuis Att.

Spinotarsus striolatus Att.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Marginal fringes.

Patinatius inermis Att.

. Gonopods.

. Tarsus of the posterior gonopod.

. Marginal fringes.

Ardiophyllum debile Att.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopod.

Ardiophyllum liberale Att.

. Posterior gonopods.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Marginal fringes.

Ardiophyllum matabelinum Att.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Sixth and seventh leg of ¢.

. Base of the gonopods.

eee

Plate Ve

+382

Lta.

Neili & Co,

3566

Wi N/A NEY aN as le al

ae meet ea,

eer

Vhs

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‘Apn. 8. Afr. Mus., Vol. XXVI.

\ NNN ONG NON

366

WAAAY

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QDONTOPY GIDAE. Neill & Co. Ltd.

385.

386,

388.

389.

390.

391.

392.

393,

395.

396.

BOM

398.

399.

400.

401.

Puate XVI.

Ardiophyllum matabelinum Att.

Gonopods.

Storthophorus vallatus Att.

387. Gonopods from opposite sides.

Tibial process of the posterior gonopod.

Marginal fringes.

Storthophorus levifrons Att.

Posterior gonopod.

Anterior gonopod.

Tarsus of the posterior gonopod.

Storthophorus denticulatus Att.

394, Anterior gonopod from the aboral and oral sides.

Posterior gonopod.

Part of the tarsus of the posterior gonopod.

Storthophorus delugoanus Att.

Gonopods.

Anterior gonopod, opposite view.

Tarsus of the posterior gonopod.

Chaleponcus solitarius Att.

Gonopods.

Distal part of posterior gonopod-tarsus.

Chaleponcus limbatus Att.

. Anterior gonopod.

” Plate XVL

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or, SIND ainsi

SS be ae “Bs

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Neill & Co. Lid.

HORUS, CHALEPONCUS.

Plate XVI.

=. ys 324

: SN Ts ae

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(

ARDIOPHYLLUM, sTORTHOPHORUS, CHALEPONCUS. Neill & Co. Ltd. ;

PuatEe XVII.

Chaleponcus limbatus Att.

403. Marginal fringes.

404. Anterior gonopod.

405. Tarsus of the posterior gonopod.

406. Posterior gonopod.

Chaleponcus solitarius Att.

407. Posterior gonopod.

Chaleponcus acanthophorus Att.

408, 409. Tarsus of the posterior gonopod from opposite sides.

410. Anterior gonopod and tibia of posterior gonopod.

411. Marginal fringes.

Burenia nasuta Att.

412. Head, profile.

413. Distal joints of the antennae.

414, 415. Distal joints of the anterior gonopod.

416. Second leg of the g.

417. Posterior gonopod.

418. The tip, more highly magnified.

419. Last tarsus of the second leg of the ¢.

420. The same, the twenty-fifth leg.

421. Two segments of the middle of the body, profile, ¢.

422. Posterior gonopods, oral view.

423. Anterior gonopods, oral view.

424, Posterior end, ventral view.

Schindalmonotus hystrix Att.

425. Head, ventral view.

426. Antennae.

Sete

Beek ia eA |

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CHALEPONCUS, BU

PJate XVII.

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f: Ss fos

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Plate XVI.

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CHALEPONCUS, BURENIA, SCHINDALMONOTUS, a

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427.

428.

429.

430.

431.

432.

433.

434.

435.

436.

437.

438.

439.

440.

441.

442.

443.

444.

445.

446.

447,

448.

449,

450.

451.

452.

453,

Puate XVIII.

Archiulus moreleti Por.

Gonopods, aboral view.

Gonopods, profile view of outer side.

Anterior gonopod, aboral view.

Mesomerite of the posterior gonopod.

Solaenomerite of the posterior gonopod.

First leg of the ¢.

Scutigera coleoptrata natalensis Verh,

Posterior end, ¢.

Scutigerina webert Silv.

First maxillae, coxal process.

Bristles of the terminal joint of the first maxillae.

First maxillae.

Tibia of the twelfth leg.

Praefemur of the second maxillae.

Posterior end of 3, dorsal view. T'p, tergite of praegenital segment.

Posterior end of 3, ventral view. vp, sternite of praegenital segment.

Posterior end of 9, dorsal view.

Posterior end of 9, ventral view.

Male gonopods. bp, gonopods of praegenital segment ; bg, gonopod of genital

segment; wp, sternite of praegenital segment; Tels, Telson.

Paralamyctes spenceri Poe.

Labrum.

Posterior end of the body of the Q, profile.

Bristles of the labrum.

Distal joint of second maxillae.

Bristles of the mandible.

Terminal joint of the first maxillae.

First maxillae.

Anopsobius patagonicus calcaratus Att.

Maxillipedes.

Distal joints of male gonopods.

Bristle of the fifteenth coxa.

‘ 437

ARCHIULUS, SCU. TIGERA,

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TS SR sie CHIVLUS, SCUTIGERA, SCUTIGERINA, PARALAMYCTES ANOPSOBIUS.

' ARC: LUS,

Puate XIX,

Anopsobius patagonicus calcaratus Att.

. First mavxillae.

Lamyctes africana Por.

. First maxillae.

. Labrum.

Mesoschendyla caledonica Att.

. Maxillae.

. Posterior end of 9, ventral view.

. Mandible.

. Claw of the second maxilla.

Aspidopleres intercalatus Por.

. Second maxilla.

. Lateral lobe of the coxite of the first maxilla.

. Claw of the second maxilla.

. Labrum.

Orya barbarica Gerv,

. Maxillae.

. First maxillae, more highly magnified.

Ballophilus braunsi Silv.

467. Claw of the second maxilla.

Schendylurus polypus Att.

468. Maxillae.

469. Claw of the second maxilla.

Polygonarea monospathis Att.

470. Labrum.

ELurytion dolichocephalus Att.

471. Labrum.

Geoperingueyia conjungens Att.

472. Labrum.

3. Posterior end of ¢, ventral view.

474. Maxillipedes.

475. Distal joint of the second maxilla.

476. Second mavxillae.

Hurytion trichopus Att.

477. Maxillae.

478. First maxillae.

Aphilodon weberi Silv.

479. Labrum.

Purcellinus robustus Att.

480. Labrum.

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IPHILOMORPH A.

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HENICOPIDAL, HOPHILOMORPH A,

Neill & Co. Ltd.

481.

482.

483.

484.

485.

486.

487.

488.

489.

490.

491.

492.

493.

494,

495.

496.

497.

498,

500.

Puate XX.

Polygonarea oligopus Att.

Posterior end, ventral view, ¢.

Achilophilus monoporus Att.

Posterior end, ventral view.

Purcellinus robustus Att

First maxillae.

Head, ventral view.

Head, dorsal view.

Posterior end of 3, ventral view.

Eurytion trichopus Att.

Posterior end of g.

Antennae, terminal joint.

Pachymerium tristanicum Att.

First maxillae.

Lateral lobes of the first mawxillae.

ELurytion dolichocephalus Att.

Maxillae, ¢.

Polygonarea monospathis Att.

Second mavxillae.

First maxillae.

Maxillipedes.

Julomorpha (Hypochlorella) pallida Att

Anterior gonopod.

The same, view of inner side, more highly magnified

Posterior gonopods.

Spinotarsus lineatus Att.

499. Anterior gonopod.

Posterior gonopod.

a",

F po Amny:s: Air Mus., Vol. XXVI.

{

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Plate XX.

JULOIDEA Neill & Co. Lid.

5) Ne OIDEA,

— =

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Aun. 8. Afr. Mus., Y° , : Plate XX,

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501.

502.

503.

504.

505.

506.

507.

508.

509.

510.

oll.

512.

513.

514.

PLuatE XXI.

Gnomeskelus spinifer n. sp.

Tenth segment, ¢.

Sixth segment, the right half from above, ¢.

Phaeodesmus niger n. sp.

Eleventh segment, ¢.

Gonopod.

Fifth segment, ventral side, ¢.

Seventh segment, ventral side, ¢.

Harpethriz plana n. sp.

Gonopods, from the front.

Coxae of the gonopods, from behind.

Seventh leg, 3.

Anterior segments, ¢.

Fringes of the seventh segment, 4.

Seventh segment, g.

Podochresimus alatus n. sp.

Gonopods.

Third leg, 3.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. XX VI, : Plate XXL.

Ss re + Neill & Co. Ltd.

GNOMESKELUS, PHAEODESMUS, HARPETHRIX, PODOCHRESINUS.

515.

Puate XXII.

Podochresimus alatus n. sp.

Fifth segment, ¢.

Chersastus splendidus n. sp.

. Anterior gonopod, from behind.

. Anterior gonopod, from the front.

. Posterior gonopod, the tip more magnified.

. Posterior gonopod.

Chersastus vulpinus n. sp.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopod, from behind.

. Anterior gonopod, from the front.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Sterno-coxites of the first pair of legs, g.

. The bases of the second pair of legs, ¢.

. Third tergite and base of the third pair of legs, ¢.

Chaleponcus niger Att.

. Telopodite of the gonopod.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. XXVI. Plate X XII.

iN j 4 x /

/ LPS oa Sse Be

Neili & Co. Ltd.

PODOCHRESIMUS, CHERSASTUS, CHALEPONCUS.

528.

529.

530.

531.

532.

533.

534.

535.

536.

537.

538.

Puate XXIII.

Gymnostreptus pontifex n. sp.

Gonopods.

Lophostreptus carlin. sp.

Gonopods.

Tip of the gonopod, more magnified.

Triaenostreptus conatus n. sp.

Gonopods, from the front.

Telopodite of the gonopod.

Tip of the gonopod, more magnified.

Odontopyge bullata n. sp.

Fringes of the metasomite.

Gonopods, from behind.

Telopodite of the gonopods.

Coxite of the gonopod, from the front.

Odontopyge dolabrata n. sp.

Telopodite of the gonopod.

| : Ann. 8. Afr. Mus,, Vol. XXVI. Plate XXILI.

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GYMNOSTREPTUS, LOPHOSTR EPTUS, TRIAENOSTREPTUS, ODONTOPYGE.

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‘if Moi Ey

Pratt XXIV.

Odontopyge dolabrata n. sp.

. Telopodite of the gonopod, the other side.

. Coxites of the gonopods, from the front.

. Coxite of the gonopod, from behind.

2. Second sternite of the seventh segment of ¢.

Haplothysanus modestus n. sp.

. Gonopods, from behind.

. Coxite of the gonopod.

. Telopodite of the gonopod.

Spinotarsus robustus n. sp.

. Telopodite of the gonopod.

. Coxite of the gonopod, from the front.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus., Vol. XXVI.

Plate XXLYV.

\ (iz enon

wich

PLATE XXV.

Spinotarsus robustus n. sp.

548. Coxite of the gonopod, from within.

Chaleponcus masienensis n. sp.

549. Telopodite of the gonopod.

550. Gonopod, from the front.

Chaleponcus limbatus Att.

551, 552. Coxite of the gonopod.

Ballophilus braunsi Silv.

553. Distal half of the antenna, ventral view.

554. Antenna, dorsal view.

Sphaerotherium millepunctatum Att.

555. Posterior margin of the metasomite.

Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., Vol. XXVI. Plate XXV-

555

CHALEPONCUS, BALLOPHILUS, Ktc.

Neill & Co. Lid.

PLATE X XVI.

Sphaerotherium millepunctatum n. sp.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Twelfth leg, ¢.

59. Vulvae.

Kylindotherium leve n. p.

. Anterior gonopod.

. Posterior gonopod.

. Vulvae.

. Coxa of the twelfth leg, ¢.

Gnomeskelus dentipes n. sp.

. Gonopod.

. The tibio-tarsal part of the gonopod.

. Fifteenth leg of the ¢.

Phaeodesmus niger 0. sp.

. Fifth leg, ¢.

Gnomeskelus spinifer n. sp.

. Left gonopod.

AMS. Att NMus., Viol) XX VI.

KYLINDOTHERIUM, GNOMESKELL

iS, Ete.

Plate XX VI.

Neill & Co. Lid.

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