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BULLETIN DU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE

3 e série, n° 436, janvier-février 1977, Zoologie 306

A review of the Labrid Fishes of tlie genus Paracheilinus

with description of two new species

from the Western Indian Océan

by John E. Randall and Mireille L. IIahmelin-Vivien *

Résumé. — Le genre Paracheilinus Fourmanoir (Pisces : Labridae) est voisin du genre Cirrhi-

labrus, mais s’en distingue principalement par une formule différente de la nageoire dorsale : IX,

11 au lieu de XI, 9 habituellement chez Cirrhilabrus.

Il existe quatre espèces de Paracheilinus : P. octotaenia Fourmanoir de mer Rouge, caracté¬

risée par une nageoire caudale arrondie, aucun rayon dorsal allongé et 4 à 8 lignes sombres lon¬

gitudinales continues le long du corps ; P. mccoskeri n. sp. des Comores avec la nageoire caudale

également arrondie mais le premier rayon de la dorsale allongé et 3 lignes sombres le long du corps,

une seule étant continue ; P. filamentosus Allen de Mélanésie et d’Indonésie, caractérisée par 2

à 6 rayons dorsaux filamenteux et une nageoire caudale en croissant ; P. hemitaeniatus n. sp. de

Madagascar présentant la même forme de caudale que P. filamentosus mais n’ayant aucun rayon

dorsal allongé ; cette espèce présente 6 lignes sombres suivant les rangées d’écailles sur le tiers

antérieur ou jusqu’à la moitié du corps.

Les espèces de Paracheilinus sont de petite taille (72 mm LS au maximum) ; elles forment

de petits groupes à un mètre ou plus au-dessus du fond et se nourrissent de plancton.

Abstract. — The labrid fish genus Paracheilinus Fourmanoii is closely related to Cirrhi¬

labrus, differing principally in having IX,11 dorsal rays instead of the usual count of XI,9 for

Cirrhilabrus. There are four species of Paracheilinus : octotaenia Fourmanoir from the Red Sea,

characterized by a rounded caudal fin, no prolonged dorsal rays, and four to eight continuous

longitudinal dark fines on the bodv ; mccoskeri n. sp. from the Comoro Islands, also with a rounded

caudal fin but possessing a prolonged first dorsal ray and three daik fines on the bodv, only one

of which is continuous ; filamentosus Allen from Melanesia and Indonesia, distinctive in having

two to six fdamentous dorsal rays and an emarginate to lunate caudal fin ; and hemitaeniatus

n. sp. from Madagascar with a caudal fin shape like filamentosus but lacking the prolonged dorsal

rays ; it has six dark fines following the scale rows on the anterior third to half of the body.

The species of Paracheilinus are small (maximum 72 mm SL) ; they form aggregations a meter

or more off the bottom and feed on zooplankton.

The labrid fish Paracheilinus octotaenia was described from the Red Sea by Four¬

manoir in Roux-Estève and Fourmanoir (1955) from a single specimen 64 mm SL (stan¬

dard length) (MNHN 52-296). No generic description or diagnosis was given for Para¬

cheilinus, and the description of octotaenia was not detailed.

Allen (1974) described a second species in the genus, P. filamentosus, from the Solo-

mon Islands, New Guinea and the Molucca Islands. He presented additional data on

* Bishop Muséum, Honolulu, and Station Marine d’Endoume et Centre d’Océanographie, Marseille.

’i 36 , 1

330

JOHN E. RANDALL AND MIREILLE L. HARMELIN-VIVIEN

P. octotaenia. He also provided a diagnosis of Paracheilinus and made a comparison

with the other généra of the Cheilininae : Cheilinus, Cirrhilabrus, Pseudocheilinus, and

Pseudocheilinops. Ile pointed out that Paracheilinus is most closely related to Cirrhi¬

labrus, not Cheilinus. Cirrhilabrus differs mainly in having dorsal rays XI or XII, 8-10

(usually XI, 9), in contrast to IX, 11 for Paracheilinus.

Springer and Randall (1974) hâve noted a curions double structure of the pupil

of the eye of Cirrhilabrus which is also found in Paracheilinus, Pseudocheilinus, Pseudo¬

cheilinops, and Pteragogus, but not Cheilinus. Further study is needed to evaluate the

significance of this structure to the division of the Labridae into subfamilies.

Three specimens of a third new species of Paracheilinus were collected liy the junior

author in Madagascar in 1972, and 27 specimens of a fourth by John E. McCosker of the

Steinhart Aquarium in the Comoro Islands in 1975. We are indebted to Dr McCosker

and Dr William F. Smith-Vaniz of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for

passing the Comoro material on to us. They had realized this species was new and had

planned to describe it.

Type specimens hâve been deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila¬

delphia (ANSP), Australian Muséum in Sydney (AM), Bernice P. Bishop Muséum in Hono-

lulu (BPBM), British Muséum (Natural History) in London [BM(NH)], California Academy

of Sciences in San Francisco (CAS), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris (MNHN),

J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology of Rhodes Univcrsity at Grahamstown (RUSI),

Senckenberg Muséum in Frankfurt (SMF), and the U. S. National Muséum of Natural

Ilistorv in Washington, D. C. (USNM).

Counts and measurements were made in the manner described by Randall (1972).

In the descriptions of the new species data in parenthèses apply to the paratypes if diffe¬

rent from the holotype.

Paracheilinus

Paracheilinus Fourmanoir, in Roux-Estève and Fourmanoir, 1955. Annls Inst, océanogr., 30 :

199 (type species, Paracheilinus octotaenia Fourmanoir, by original désignation).

Diagnosis

Dorsal rays IX (rarely \ III), 11 ; anal rays III, 9 (rarely 8) ; pectoral rays 14 (upper-

most rudimentary) ; pelvic rays I, 5 ; principal caudal rays 13 (médian 11 branched) ;

latéral line interrupted, the pored scales 15 to 17 + 5 to 9 ; head scaled except interorbital

space and snout ; médial predorsal scales 5 ; gill rakers 13 to 18 ; branchio-stegal rays 5 ;

vertebrae 25 ; depth of body 2.9 to 3.4 in standard length ; scierai cornea of pupil ofeye

divided nearly vertically into two roundish juxtaposed portions ; snout short, 3.3 to 4.8

in head length ; mouth small, oblique, the maxillary not reaching a vertical at anterior

edge of eye, the premaxillary slightly protractile ; three pairs of canine teeth anteriorly

in upper jaw, the third (most latéral) pair the largest and sharply curved outward and

posteriorly ; a single pair of canines anteriorly in lower jaw ; no canine at corner of mouth ;

no teeth on roof of mouth ; margin of preopercle smooth or with fine serrations on upper

LABRID FISHES OF THE GENUS PARACHEILINUS

331

limb ; dorsal and anal spines slender, progressively longer posteiiorly ; caudal fin varying

from rounded to strongly lunate ; pelvic fins inserted fielow lower pectoral base, short,

not reaching or just reaching anus.

Key to the species of Paracheilinus

la. Caudal fin rounded. 2

1 b. Caudal fin emarginate to lunate. 3

2 a. No dorsal rays prolonged ; gill rakers 16 to 18 ; canine teeth at front of lower jaw not strongly

curved laterally ; body with eight continuous narrow dark stripes, not including one at dorsal

base (only about upper four visible on small individuals in preservative) (Red Sea).

octotaenia

2 b. First doisal ray prolonged (at a standard length of about 38 mm or more) ; gill rakers 13

to 15 ; canine teeth at front of lower jaw enlarged and strongly curved laterally ; body with

three narrow dark stripes, not including one at dorsal base, the first interrupted, the second

(in pectoral région) very short, and the third from pectoral axil running fui] length of body

(Comoro Islands). mccoskeri n. sp.

3 a. Two to six dorsal soft rays greatly prolonged ; dorsal and anal fins not dusky (except basally

in dorsal fin of large males) ; no dark band nearly surrounding pectoral fin base ; three narrow

dark stripes on body (in preservative), the uppermost usually extending to caudal base (six

stripes may be visible in life, three of which extend to caudal base) (Melanesia and Indo-

nesia). filamentosus

3 b. No prolonged dorsal soft rays ; dorsal and anal fins dusky to blackish posteriorly ; dark band

nearly surrounding pectoral fin base ; six dark stripes on body (in preservative), the heavily

pigmented portion of each confîned to anterior half of body (Madagascar).

hemitaeniatus n. sp.

Paracheilinus octotaenia

(Fig. 1)

Paracheilinus octotaenia Fourmanoir in Roux-Estève and Fourmanoir, 1955. Annls Inst, océanogr.,

30 : 199, fig. 1 (type-locality île Abulat, Red Sea).

Diagnosis

Caudal fin rounded ; no dorsal rays prolonged ; gill rakers 16 to 18 ; depth of body

2.8 to 3.2 in SL ; snout 3.4 to 4 in liead.

Color in alcohol of adidt males ligth brown with eight dark longitudinal fines on body

following centers of scale rows (except the lowerinost of the eight which curves across middle

of thorax) ; head with dark fines as follows : two across interorhital ; one mid-dorsally

on nape ; two posteriorly from eye ; one passing from snout, below eye, and across lower

operculum ; and one passing diagonally downward and posteriorly from corner of mouth ;

a narrow 7 dark band at base of spinous portion of dorsal fin which disappears in anterior

soft portion of fin ; a black submarginal fine posteriorly on médian fins. Color of a fresh

specimen from an Ektachrome transparency taken by the senior author (reproduced in

black and white herein as fig. 1) : salmon pink shading to yellow on ventral part of head,

332

JOHN E. RANDALL AND MIREILLE L. HARMELIN-VIVIEN

thorax, and abdomen, the dark lines on head and body bluish ; dorsal fin yellow on spinous

portion shading to red on soft, vvith a pale blue margin and blackish submarginal line

(better developed posteriorly) ; four faint, dark-edged ligbt blue dots in the middle of

spinous portion of dorsal fin and four posteriorly on soft portion (one near base on each

of last four membranes) ; caudal and anal fins red with ligbt blue margins and dark sub¬

marginal lines ; paired fins light yellowish with a tinge of pink.

Females are lighter brown, with oïdy four or five longitudinal dark lines apparent

in preservative ; bands on head poorly developed ; no black submarginal line in médian

fins. A juvénile specimen 23 mm in SL is colored much like the females but has a promi¬

nent dark spot as large as pupil posteriorly on caudal peduncle just above latéral line.

This spot is typical of small individuals of the genus Cirrhilabrus.

Remarks

Fourmanoiiî described and illustrated the dorsal fin membranes of octotaenia as incised

with a long filament extending from behind the tip of each spine. Allen (1974), who

examined the holotype, pointed out that eight specimens sent on loan to him from the

Bishop Muséum ail hâve the dorsal fin membranes without indentation between spines

and without projecting filaments. He concluded that the alleged filaments of the dorsal

fin of Fourmanoir’s drawing probably represent torn fin membranes.

The type-locality, the island of Abulat, is located olî the coast of Saudi Arabia at

approximately 20° N, 40° E.

The Bishop Muséum has four lots of this species from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

(largest 71 mm SL). Three were collected by the senior author in the depth range of 15

to 43 m ; the other was taken by Victor G. Springer and presented as a gift to the Bishop

Muséum. The U. S. National Muséum of Natural llistory has 84 other specimens collected

by Springer. The usual habitat is clear water of outer reef areas. This fish is often

seen in large feeding aggregations a meter or more above the bottom ; it feeds on zoo-

plankton. Onlv the large individuals appear to be males.

Paracheilinus mccoskeri

(Fig. 2)

sp.

Holotype : CAS 35176, male, 55.7 mm SL, Comoro Islands, Grande Comore Island, N of

Moroni, reef and Padina bed in frcnt of Said Ibrahim’s Palace, 150 m offshore, sloping bottom

in 20-35 m, Pronoxfish (contains rotenone), J. E. Mc.Cosker, 26 February 1975.

Paratypes : ANSP 133779, fi : 28.8-55.7 mm SL; AM I. 18(104-001, 40.8 mm SL; BPB.M

19728, 7 : 26.0-55.0 mm SL ; B.M(NH) 1976. 2.13.1-2, 2 : 32.9-35.1 mm SL ; CAS 34472, 8 : 24.0-

56.9 mm SL ; MNHN 1976-5, 2 ; 37.0-40.4 mm SL ; RUSI 841, 35.9 mm SL ; SM F 13393, 40.8 mm

SL ; LS.NM 215274, 2 : 32.5-41.2 mm SL — ail with same data as holotype ; CAS 32569, 32.5 mm

SL, Grande Comore Island, about 5 km N of Itsandra, garden eel bed, sloping bottom of coarse coral

sand, 25-30 m, Pronoxfish, J. E. Mc.Cosker, 7 March 1975.

Paracheilinus octotaenia Fourmanoir, male, 69 mm SL, Gulf of Aqaba,

Red Sea, BPBM 13856. (Photo ht) John E. Randall.)

— Holotype of Paracheilinus mccoskeri Randall and Harmelin-Vivien, male,

55.7 mm SL, Comoro Islands, CAS 35176. (Photo hy John E. McCosker.)

334

JOHN E. RANDALL AND MIREILLE L. HARMELIN-VIVIEN

1)1 AGNOSIS

Caudal fin slightly rounded ; fîrst dorsal soft ray prolonged (at a standard lengtli

greater than about 38 mm) ; gill rakers 13 to 15 ; depth of body 3 to 3.35 in SL ; snout

3.6 to 4.1 in head. Color in alcohol pale with three dark brown lines on head and body,

the males with blackish posteriorly on caudal peduncle and fin.

Description

Dorsal rays IX, 11 ; anal rays III, 9 ; pectoral rays 14 (uppermost rudimentary, the

second unbranched) ; pelvic rays I, 5 ; principal caudal rays 13 (upper and lower unbran-

ched) ; lateral-line scales 17 -fi 7 (15 to 17 + 5 to 9) (in addition, 1 scale posterior to end

of hypural) ; scales above latéral line to origin of dorsal fin 2 ; scales below latéral line to

origin of anal fin 6 ; predorsal scales 5 ; circumpeduncular scales 16 ; gill rakers 14 (13 to

to 15) ; vertebrae 25.

Deptb of body 3.05 (3.09-3.35) in SL ; width of body 2.22 (1.96-2.20) in depth ; head

3.08 (2.93-3.07) in SL ; snout 3.61 (3.76-4.1) in head ; orbit 4.12 (3.37-4.13) in head ; interor¬

bital space convex, the bony width 4.17 (4.1-4.38) in head ; least depth of caudal peduncle

2.32 (2.12-2.32) in head.

Mouth small, terminal ; maxillary nearly reaching a vertical at anterior edge of orbit,

only the lower edge of premaxillary exposed when mouth fully closed. Three pairs of

canine teeth at front of upper jaw, the médian two pairs projecting stronglv forward and

curving laterally and slightly downward, the large latéral third pair (more than twice as

large as médian teeth) projecting outward and downward and curving posteriorly ; a row

of small teeth médial to anterior canines, and a row of slightly larger teeth along side of

jaw (25 on each side of holotype, becoming a double row posteriorly on side of lower edge

of premaxillary ; one pair of very large protruding canine teeth anteriorly in lower jaw

which curve strongly laterally and slightly upward (in the holotype these teeth strike

the latéral third pair of upper teeth near the base when mouth is closed) ; a few small teeth

médial to large lower canines, and a row of 20 teeth along each side of jaw about the sanie

size as the comparable upper teeth. Lower lip with a thin flap projecting downward on

side of lower jaw, its greatest depth contained about 4 times in orbit. Gill rakers not

long, the longest about 3 in longest gill filament, about 5 in orbit. Xostrils small and

inconspicuous, the posterior before upper edge of eye, the anterior in a short membranous

tube diagonally downward in front of posterior nostril, the distance between the two open-

ings contained abolit 3 times in orbit.

Head covered with relatively large scales except snout, chin, and interorbital space ;

two rows of scales on cheek between eye and margin of preopercle ; a row of large elongate

pointed scales along base of dorsal fin above the single row of large scales superior to latéral

line ; a comparable row of scales along base of anal fin ; basal half of caudal fin covered

with large scales ; paired fins not scaled except for two mid-ventral scales posterior to

origin of pelvic fins.

Lower limb and corner of preopercle thin and membranous ; ventral part of upper

limb a finely serrate bony edge, the dorsal part covered by a large scale.

LABRID FISHES OF THE GENUS PARACHEILINUS

335

Orhit encircled by li prominent pores of cephalic lateral-line System ; two mid-dorsal

pores in npper interorbital space ; two pores on upper snout on each side (one forming

the apex of a triangle with the nostrils) ; three pores in a curved line on each side at front

of nape linked to posterior mid-dorsal pore ; a pore at upper end of preopercular margin ;

remaining pores of preopercular sériés partially obscured by scales ; a sériés of four mandi-

bular pores running anterior to lower preopercular sériés.

Caudal fin slightly rounded, the longest rays 1.33 (1.29-1.4) in head. Origin of dorsal

fin above second lateral-line scale, slightly anterior to upper pectoral base ; first dorsal

spine 7.4 (6.56-7.86) in head ; remaining dorsal spines progressively longer, the ninth 2.12

(2.12-2.34) in head ; first dorsal ray prolonged on adults beginning at a standard length

of about 38 mm (greatly extended on males, this ray in holotype 1.87 in SL) (second dor¬

sal ray longer than first in juvéniles). Origin of anal fin below base of first dorsal soft

ray ; first anal spine moderately long, 3.0 (3.75-4.48) in head ; third anal spine 2.48 (2.45-

3.18) in head ; sixth to eighth anal soft rays the longest, 1.26 (1.22-2.06) in head. Pec¬

toral fins reach posterior to a vertical at pelvic tips, nearly to anus, 1.49 (1.47-1.64) in head ;

pelvic fins relatively short, 2.2 (2.18-2.41) in head.

Table I. — Proportional measuremcnts of type specimens

of Paracheilinus mccoskeri expressed as a percentage of the standard length.

Holotype

GAS 35176

Paratypes

BPBM 19728

Standard Length (mm)

55.7

29.1

37.3

51.9

55.0

Depth of body

32.7

29.9

29.8

29.9

32.4

Width of body

14.7

15.1

15.0

15.2

14.7

Head length

32.5

34.0

34.1

33.8

32.6

Snout length

9.0

8.9

8.3

9.0

8.8

Orbit diameter

7,9

10.1

9.0

8.1

7.9

Bony interorbital width

7.8

8.2

8.3

7.7

7.8

Length of upper jaw

7.7

8.2

7.8

7.6

7.8

Least depth of caudal peduncle

14.0

15.8

16.1

14.5

14.1

Length of caudal peduncle

19.2

17.5

17.7

18.9

18.3

Snout to origin of dorsal fin

33.2

37.1

34.6

34.2

32.7

Snout to origin of anal fin

57.2

60.0

60.8

59.7

58.0

Length of caudal fin

24.3

26.4

26.5

24.9

23.7

Length of pectoral fin

21.8

20.7

21.2

21.4

22.2

Length of pelvic fin

14.7

—

14.1

14.4

14.9

Length of first dorsal spine

4.4

4.8

5.2

4.3

Length of last dorsal spine

15.4

14.5

15.0

15.4

Length of first dorsal ray

53.3

16.1

18.3

44.0

—

Length of dorsal fin base

55.7

51.2

51.3

50.9

56.2

Length of first anal spine

10.8

7.6

8.0

9.0

—

Length of third anal spine

13.1

11.5

10.7

12.1

13.3

Length of longest anal ray

25.7

16.5

17.4

23.5

26.7

Length of anal fin base

26.0

27.5

26.8

23.3

24.7

336

JOHN E. RANDALL AND MIREILLE L. HARMELIN-VIVIEN

Color of holotype in alcohol pale with narrow dark brown bands as follows : one from

nape to one side of mid-dorsal line, along base of dorsal fin, and mid-dorsally to end of

caudal peduncle ; one from upper edge of eye to fifth lateral-line scale ; one from beneath

tip of pectoral fin along row of scales below latéral line to caudal pedunclî ; one from front

of snout behind upper lip passing through middle of eye (but not visible on eye) to upper

pectoral base where it bifurcates, the upper part passing irregularly and narrowly around

upper pectoral base and continuing nearly horizontally to mid-lateral position on body

above front of soft portion of anal fin, and the other around lower pectoral base where

it is joined by a band from axilla and continues as the broadest band to caudal fin ; and

last from edge of upper lip near corner of mouth, touching lower edge of eye, continuing

across cheek, and ending on thorax above pelvic fin base ; posterior caudal peduncle and

basal half of caudal fin blackish ; outer half of fin dusky except posterior margin which

is clear ; dorsal fin dusky, becoming clear distally, with a narrow dark-edged pale band

above middle of spinous portion of fin and two irregular rows of dark-edged clear spots

in about middle of soft portion (spots higher anteriorly and lower in fin posteriorly) ; remain-

ing fins pale.

Color when fresh from a 35 mm Ektachrome transparency (reproduced here in black

and white as fig. 2) : pinkish yellow with a suffusion of light red on head, particularly on

snout and operculum ; bands on head and body dusky blue (probably bright blue in life) ;

spinous portion of dorsal fin dusky orange-yellow with a narrow dark purplish longitudinal

streak in outer two-thirds of fin ; soft portion blackish on basal two-thirds with two adja¬

cent sériés of large dark-edged pink spots in upper part of zone and pink on outer third

with an indistinct whitish area on eaeh membrane ; last few dorsal rays red, particularly

basally ; anal fin bright red except for a band of orange-yellow at base ; basal half of caudal

fin and adjacent caudal peduncle blackish, with a slightly concave reddish bar at posterior

end of this zone, the outer half of fin dusky yellowish gray with a broad red posterior bor¬

der ; pectoral fins light red with a deep red band at base ; pelvic fins yellow on médial half

and light red laterally.

The female and juvénile specimens lack the broad blackish area of the posterior cau¬

dal peduncle and basal caudal fin, and the dark longitudinal bands on the head and body

are narrower and fainter.

Remarks

Named in honor of John E. McCosker who collected ail of the specimens and pro-

vided color photographs. He noted that the species was difficult to approach with spear

or caméra. He recalled seeing only the large males. They swam “ jerkily about 1 to 3

feet above the bottom, occasionally turning broadside and momentarily elevating the

médian fins in an absolutely spectacular display ”. Because of this, Dr McCosker bestowed

the common name “ flasher wrasse ” on this fish.

A poison station was carried out just for this species where it was abundant on a sloping

bottom of algae, consisting primarily of Padina, in the depth range of 25 to 30 m.

LABRID FISHES OF THE GENUS PA RACHEILINUS

337

Paracheilinus filamentosus

(Fig- 3)

Paracheilinus filamentosus Allen, 1974. Pacif. Sci., 28 (4) : 449, 452, fig. 2 (tvpe-locality, reef ofï

Kranket Island, Madang, New Guinea).

Diagnosis

Caudal fin emarginate to deeply lunate (due to prolongation of caudal lobes) ; two

to six dorsal soft rays greatly prolonged ; gill rakers 13 to 16 ; depth of body 3.1 to 3.65

in SL ; snout 3.1 to 3.7 in head (snout relatively longer in adults).

Color in alcohol light brown (sonie large male individuals with a purplish cast) with

three dark longitudinal fines on body following lirst three seale rows below latéral fine,

the uppermost the longest, extending onto caudal peduncle (this stripe broken above

pectoral fin, the short anterior segment displaced upward) ; a dark fine from axil of pec¬

toral fin to beneath opercular flap ; three dark fines radiating posteriorly from eye and

two anteriorly ; rays of médian fins of large adult males deep blue to purple ; pelvic rays

light blue ; médian fin rays of females light bluish to purplish ; males with a short dark

fine on nape leading to base of second dorsal spine and continuing along base of remainder

of fin (broader and more heavily pigmented posteriorly, with pale spots in outer part of

this zone) ; males may hâve one or two faint wavy dark fines more distally in dorsal fin ;

females may show the dark basal bar.d in the dorsal fin and short dark segment on nape,

but very faintly.

Color of an adult male from an Ektachrome transparency taken by the senior author

(reproduced in black and white herein as fig. 3) : salmon dorsally, pink ventrally, the broad

zone on side with six pink-edged red stripes alternating with yellow ; dorsalmost stripe

running from just below upper end of gill opening diagonally to fifth lateral-line scale,

reappearing on row of scales below latéral line under scale 9 and continuing nearly to cau¬

dal base (this stripe with a médian irregular dark bluish fine which disappears in about

middle of body) ; second stripe from beneath opercular flap to about middle of body ;

third from upper base of pectoral fin to caudal base ; fourth from pectoral axil to lower

caudal peduncle ; fifth from pectoral base across abdomen and extending faintly to rear

base of anal fin ; sixth across middle of thorax and ending anteriorly on abdomen : head

with three red stripes with light blue centers except posterior part of lower stripe, the lirst

from snout circling upper eye to origin of latéral fine, the second from rear of eye to poste¬

rior edge of opercle at level of pectoral base, and the third from posterior upper lip, rim-

ming lower edge of eye, and ending at edge of subopercle ; in addition a short segment

posteriorly on upper opercle which is continuous with dorsalmost body stripe ; dorsal

fin orange-yellow with a pale blue margin and black submarginal fine except where inter-

rupted by filamentous rays ; a red band at base of fin (becoming dark bluish anteriorly)

which extends anteriorly onto two scales of nape ; an irregular pale blue band edged in

blackish above basal red band in soft portion of fin ; rays of soft portion of fin brownish

338

JOHN E. RANDALL AND MIREILLE L. HARMELIN-VIVIEN

red ; membranes of last two rays primarilv red ; anal fin red with a pale blue margin ;

caudal fin red with a clear crescent in médian posterior part of fin with a zone of pale bine

on membranes separating red from hyaline and narrow upper and lower margins of pale

blue on membranes separating red from hyaline and narrow upper and lower margins

of pale blue ; paired fins pale pink, the pelvics with light blue over spine and first mem¬

brane.

Remarks

The holotype, a male 62.6 mm SL, is deposited in the Australian Muséum (AM I.

16994-001). The largest specimen is a male 65 mm SL (BPBM 14658) which was collected

with the holotype. As is true of most labrid populations, females are more numerous and

smaller than males. Of 16 specimens collected at Guadalcanal in 10 to 30 m by the senior

author (BPBM 16007), five are males from 51 to 55 mm SL and the rest mature females

from 30 to 48 mm SL.

Allen (1974) recorded the species from a depth range of 5 to 35 m. He commented

tliat it appears to spend much of its time feeding on zooplankton a meter or more ahove

the substratum. He described the courtship and spawning.

Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus n. sp.

(Fig. 4)

Holotype : BPBM 19599, male, 67.6 mm SL, Madagascar, Tuléai, outcr reef slope of barrier

reef, 42 m, dynamite, M. L. Vivien, 17 October 1972.

Paratypes : MNHN 1975 — 1144, female, 56.3 mm SL, Madagascar, Tuléar, outer reef slope

of barrier reef, coral flagstone, 45 m, dynamite, M. L. Vivien, 13 October 1972 ; BPBM 19600,

29.2 mm SL, same data as preceding.

Diagnosis

Caudal fin varying from slightly emarginate in juvéniles to deeply lunate in males

(as a resuit of great prolongation of caudal lobes) no dorsal rays prolonged ; gill rakers

14 to 16 ; depth of body 3.3 to 4.1 in SL ; snout 3.7 to 3.85 in head.

Color in alcohol light brown with six longitudinal dark brown fines on anterior third

of body ; a dark brown band nearly surrounding pectoral base : three dark brown fines

radiating posteriorly from eye and two anteriorly ; dorsal and anal fins dusky, becoming

blackish posteriorly on fins of male.

1 )escription

Dorsal rays IX, 11 ; anal rays III, 9 (III, 8) ; pectoral rays 14 (uppermost rudimen-

tary, the second unhranched) ; pelvic rays I, 5 : principal caudal rays 13 (upper and lower

unbranched) ; lateral-line scales 16 + 6 (16 + 5, sonie missing on smallest paratype)

(in addition, 1 scale posterior to end of hypural) ; scales ahove latéral fine to origin of dorsal

LABRID FISIÏES OF THE GENÜS PARACHEILINUS

339

Fig. 3. — Paracheilinus filamentosus Allen, male, 53 mm SL, Guadalcanal,

Solomon Islands, BPBM 16007. (Photo hy John E. Handall.)

Fig. 4. — Holotype of Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Randall and Harmelin-Vivien, male, 67. 6 mm SL

Madagascar, BPBM 19599. (Drawing by Mireille L. Harmelin-Vivien.)

340

JOHN E. RANDALL AND MIREILLE L. HARMELIN-VIVIEN

fin 2 ; scales below latéral line to origin of anal fin 6 ; predorsal scales 5 ; circumpeduncular

seales 16 ; gill rakers 14 (15 or 16) ; branchiostegal rays 5 ; vertebrae 25.

Body moderately elongate, the depth 3.43 (3.35-4.06) in SL, and compressed, the

width 2.08 (1.71-1.9) in depth ; head 3.29 (2.92-3.18) in SL ; snout 3.76 (3.72-3.84) in head ;

orbit 4.29 (3.14-3.92) in head ; interorbital space convex, the bony width 3.94 (3.72-3.

78) in head ; least depth ol caudal peduncle 2.31 (2.18-2.36) in head.

Mouth small, the lower jaw slightly projecting ; maxillary not reaching a vertical

at anterior edge of orbit, the posterior part partially exposed when mouth fully closed.

Three pairs of canine teeth at front of upper jaw, the médian two pairs jutting anteriorly

almost liorizontally, the latéral third pair (twice as large as médian teeth) projecting out-

ward and downward and curving slightly posteriorly ; a row of small teeth médian to ante¬

rior canines and a row of slightly larger teeth along side of jaw (21 counted on one side

of holotype posterior to canines) ; one pair of jutting canine teeth anteriorly in

lower jaw about equal in size to médian upper canines, fitting between the first

and second upper pairs when mouth is closed ; small teeth in a row along side of

lower jaw (20 counted on one side of holotype posterior to canine). Lower lip with

a broad thin llap projecting downward on side of lower jaw, its greatest depth contained

about 3.2 times in diameter of orbit of holotype. Gill rakers not long, the longest about

3 in longest gill filament and 5 in orbit. Nostrils small and inconspicuous, slightly above

level of upper edge of eyes, the anterior in a short membranous tube ; distance between

anterior and posterior nostrils contained about 3 times in orbit.

Head covered with relatively large scales except snout, chin, and interorbital space ;

two rows of scales on cheek between eye and rnargin of preopercle ; a row of large elongate

pointed scales along base of dorsal fin above the single row of large scales superior to laté¬

ral line ; a comparable row of scales along base of anal fin ; basal two-tbirds of caudal fin

(discounting elongate lobes of fin) scaled, the scales posterior to latéral line enlarged ;

paired fins not scaled except for two mid-ventral scales posterior to origin of pelvic fins.

Preopercular margin thin and membranous on lower limb and rounded corner (slight¬

ly projecting at upper corner), the ventral part of upper limb with a very finely serrate

bony edge, the dorsal part covered by a large scale.

Orbit encircled by 11 prominent pores of cephalic lateral-line System ; two pores on

upper snout on each side ; two mid-dorsal pores in upper interorbital spaces ; three in a

curved line on each side at front of nape linked to posterior mid-dorsal pore ; a pore at

upper end of preopercular margin with another a short distance posteriorly ; remaining

pores of preopercular sériés partly obscured by scales ; a sériés of four mandibular pores

running anterior to lower preopercular sériés.

Caudal fin varying from slightly emarginate in the juvénile paratype to emarginate

in the female, to deeply lunate in the holotype by virtue of extreme prolongation of the

uppermost and lowermost branched caudal rays (lower caudal filament about 2 mm lon¬

ger than upper). Origin of dorsal fin above second lateral-line scale, slightly anterior to

upper base of pectoral fin ; first dorsal spine 4.0 (4.32-5.07) in head ; remaining dorsal spi-

nes progressively longer, the last 1.71 (2.12-2.39) in head ; eighth dorsal soft ray the longest,

1.26 (2.1-2.38) in head (spines and rays of médian fins relativelj longer in larger individuals).

Origin of anal fin beneath base of first dorsal soft ray ; first anal spine long, 2.13 (2.8-3.45)

in head ; next two spines progressively longer, the third 1.8 (2.27-2.55) in head ; seventh

LABRID FISHES OF THE GENUS PARACHE1LINUS

341

anal soft ray the longest, varying from slightly greater than head length in holotype to

2 in head of juvénile paratype. Paired fins not long, the pectorals reaching slightly poste-

rior to a vertical at pelvic tips, the pelvics not reaching anus (but nearly reaching anus

in holotype) ; pectoral fins 1.48 (1.45-1.64) in head ; pelvic fins 1.76 (1.88-1.93) in head.

Table II. — Proportional measurements of type specimens

of Paracheilinus liemitaeniatus expressed as a percentage of the standard length.

Standard Length (mm)

Depth of body

Width of body

Head length

Snout length

Orbit diameter

Bony interorbital width

Length of upper jaw

Least depth of caudal peduncle

Length of caudal peduncle

Snout to origin of dorsal fin

Snout to origin of anal fin

Length of caudal fin

Caudal concavity

Length of pectoral fin

Length of pelvic fin

Length of first dorsal spine

Length of last dorsal spine

Length of longest dorsal ray

Length of dorsal fin base

Length of first anal spine

Length of third anal spine

Length of longest anal ray

Length of anal fin base

Holotype

BPBM

19599

Paratypes

BPBM MNHN

19600 1975-1144

67.6

29.2

56.3

29.2

24.6

29.8

14.0

14.4

15.8

30.4

34.2

31.4

8.1

9.2

8.2

7.1

10.9

8.0

7.7

9.2

8.3

7.5

8.6

7.7

13.2

15.7

13.3

21.0

18.1

19.6

29.4

37.6

31.5

54.7

60.7

57.3

49.5

27.8

28.2

32.5

1.7

6.2

20.5

20.8

21.6

17.3

17.7

16.7

7.6

7.9

6.2

17.8

14.3

14.9

24.0

16.4

17.4

52.8

51.2

53.6

14.3

10.2

11.2

16.9

13.4

13.8

31.8

16.8

19.2

26.4

26.7

22.7

Color of holotype in alcohol light brown with six dark brown longitudinal fines fol -

lowing scale rows on anterior third to half of body, the uppermost (above latéral fine)

beginning below third dorsal spine and continuing faintly to about ndddle of body, the

second beginning just below origin of latéral line and ending on third lateral-line scale (on

right side, shorter and less diagonal on the other), reappearing again in scale row below

fifth or sixth lateral-line scale and continuing on six more scales ; third, fourth, and fifth

dark fines on scale rows below, each progressively shorter (except the fifth which extends

very faintly to caudal peduncle), ail partly covered by pectoral fin ; sixth row verv faint,

linked anteriorly to a dark fine in axil of pectoral which curves over top of pectoral base

and links to a broad dark brown V-shaped mark in front of fin ; two short dark brown

342

JOHN E. RANDALL AND MIREILLE L. HARMELIN-VIVIEN

inés extending anteriorly from eye and three posteriorly, the uppermost nearly joining

liody stripe beginning at origin of laterai line ; middle posterior dark line on postorbital

head short, ending near preopercular margin ; third dark line running diagonally from

lower edge of eye and continuing across thorax ; a faint broken niid-dorsal dark line on

nape ; dorsal fin dusky, becoming blackish posterior to third soft ray ; a blackish band

along base of fin ; membranes of first six dorsal spines finely blotched with brown, a sériés

of spots above middle of fin tending to form a horizontal band ; anal fin dusky, becoming

blackish posteriorly, approximately the lower half of fin nearly clear ; caudal fin pale, the

upper and lower lobes broadly dusky ; pectoral fins pale ; pelvic fins a little dusky.

Color of holotype in life (from color sketch of junior author) : yellow-orange over

upper head and back, pale salmon pink ventrally ; side of body light yellow ; fines of head

and body purple ; dorsal fin red, purple along base and posteriorly, with a broad bright

yellow margin and a narrow médian partially broken purple stripe on spinous portion of

fin ; anal fin similar to dorsal but yellow margin along ail of fin and with a purple sub¬

marginal band ; broken médian purple stripe on anal fin begins on the third membrane

of the soft part of the fin and extends to the broad posterior purple région ; there is no

purple zone basally, but there is a purple band along the ventral part of the body adjacent

to the fin ; caudal fin yellow with two large purple areas, one above the other at base of

fin ; pectoral fins clear ; pelvic fins light yellow with an area of orange centro-basally.

The female and juvénile paratypes hâve the same dark markings as the male but

considerably fainter ; the dorsal and anal fins are slightly dusky, but there is no concen¬

tration of dark pigment posteriorly in these fins.

Remarks

Named hemitaeniatus in reference to the restriction of the heavily pigmented part

of the dark longitudinal bands to the anterior half of the body.

Known only from three specimens taken in 42 to 45 m ofî Madagascar.

LITERATURE CITED

Ai.len, Gerald R., 1974. — A review of the labrid genus Paracheilinus with the description of

a new species from Melanesia. Pacif. Sci., 28 (4) : 449-455, 2 figs.

Randall, John E., 1972. — A révision of the labrid fish genus Anampses. Micronesica, 8 (1 & 2) :

151-195, 3 pis., 10 text-figs.

Rol x-Estève, R., and P. Fourmanoir, 1955. — Poissons capturés par la mission de la « Calypso »

en Mer Rouge. Annls Inst, océanogr., 30 : 195-203, 2 figs.

Springer, Victor G., and John E. Randall, 1974. — Two new species of the labrid fish genus

Cirrhilabrus from the Red Sea. Israël Jour. Zool., 23 : 45-54, 6 figs.

Manuscrit déposé le 15 mars 1976.

Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, 3 e sér., n° 436, janv.-févr. 1977,

Zoologie 306 : 329-342.

Achevé d’imprimer le 30 avril 1977.

IMPRIMERIE NATIONALE

7 564 001 5

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