To Vout. CXLVIII oF

Aeschynanthus sikkimensis

Amorphophallus coffeatus

Bulbophyllum triste

Carmichaelia australis

Cirrhopetalum tripudians

Clethra Delavayi

Cypripedium himalaicum

Deutzia pulchra

Dictamnus albus var. caucasicus

Dracocephalum Isabellae

Echinocactus undulatus

Echinocereus Baileyi

Echium coeleste

Euphorbia anoplia

Gentiana rigescens

Haemanthus Lynesii

Hemerocallis nana

Isotrema chrysops

Jasminum rex

Lachenalia convallatiodora

Lilium centifolium

Lonicera Griffithii

INDEX

THE WHOLE WoRK.

8948

8949

8937

8959

8945

8941

8969

8936

8939

8958

8966

8942

8963

8953

8973

8946

8935

8940

8944

8967

8976

8964

Malus toringoides

Maxillaria Fletcheriana

Mesembrianthemum fragrans

Millettia dura

Phellodendron Lavallei

Philadelphus sericanthus

Picea brachytyla

Podanthum floribundum

Primula sinolisteri

Prunus incisa

RKhipsalis Warmingiana

Rhododendron Baileyi

Rhododendron cantabile

Rhododendron planetum

Rhododendron sinogrande

Rhododendron Soiphuredm

Rhododendron Williamsianum

Stapelia tsomoensis

Symphytum grandiflorum

Veronica pimeleoides

Wattakaka sinensis

Xerophyllum tenax

an. LiihARY

“

fo at ah rans ail an

Secarcrsgettet cst,

Valet iae G.Witherby, London.

A Kellet. del L.Snelling lith

Tap. 8954.

JASMINUM REX.

Siam.

OLEACEAE. Tribe JASMINOIDEAE.

Jasminum, Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I1., 674; Knoblauch in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV., 2. 15.

Jasminum rex, Dunn in Kew Bull. 1921, 219; simile J. nobili, C. B. Clarke,

sed foliis maioribus late oblongis breviter acuminatis distinctum.

Frutec scandens, glaberrimus, ramulis teretibus. Folia simplicia, breviter

petiolata; lamina late oblonga, breviter acuminata, basi subacuta vel

rotundata, 10-20 em. longa, 4-5 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, e basi vel

paulo supra 3-plinervis, abhine utrinque tenuiter 6—8-nervis. lores in

cymas 3-2-floras terminales et subterminales collecti; pedicelli ad 2.5 cm.

longi. Calycis segmenta subulata, 0.8 cm. longa. Corolla candida, inodora,

tubo demum 2.5-3 cm. longo, lobis obovato-oblongis obtusis 2.5-3.5 cm.

longis ad 1.3 cm. latis. Bacca ovoidea, 1.4 cm. longa, 0.8 cm. diametro,

monosperma.

A perfectly glabrous shrub; the young branches

round, green and smooth. Leaves opposite, spreading

with slightly drooping tips, simple, with short stalks

which are jointed below the middle; blades broad-

oblong from a shortly pointed or blunt base, contracted

upwards into a short sharply pointed gland-tipped

acumen, 10-20 cm. by 4-5 em., thinly leathery, dark

green on the face, paler below, midrib slender, sharply

raised on the back, nerves unequal, the lowest pair faint

and very close to the margin, the next well marked,

raised on both sides and arching upwards to the acumen,

4-8 mm. within the margin below, then approaching it

more closely, the following nerves rather faint, raised

on both sides, rising at an angle of about 50°, loosely

branched so as to form a wide-meshed net of veins.

Flowers in drooping cymes of 2 or 3, gathered into short

leafy panicles at the end of the branchlets, scentless ;

peduncles 1.5-2 cm. long with a pair of small awl-shaped

bracts, not much over 1 mm. long; pedicels jointed

to the peduncle, 2-2.8 cm. long, thickened upwards,

the lateral supported by bracts like those of the peduncle,

if not longer. Calyx: tube 3 mm. long, 2.56 mm. wide ;

lobes 6, linear, very narrow, almost awl-shaped, pointed,

5-8 mm. long. Corolla pure white; tube 2.5-3 cm.

int LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLIMOIS

8935

HF&G.Witherby

Pes nelling.d el.et lith

Tas. 8935.

RHODODENDRON WILLIAMSIANUM.

West China.

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE.

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 599; Drude in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron Williamsianum, Rehder & Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson.

I. 538 (1913); arcte affine R. callimorpho, Balf. f. & W. W. Smith, sed foliorum

laminis raro 3.5 cm. excedentibus, floribus plerumque 2-3, corolla emaculata

distincta, praeterea multo parcius glanduloso-pilosum glandulis haud rubris.

Frutex humilis, ramulis parce glanduloso-pilosis, ramis vetustis cortice griseo

obtectis. Gemmae ovoideae, purpureo-brunneae, squamis interioribus

oblanceolatis tenuibus glanduloso-ciliatis. Foliorum laminae late ellipticae

vel subcrbiculares, subcordatae, obtusissimae, mucronulatae, vix ultra

3.5 cm. longae, ad 3 em. latae, coriaceae, supra atro-virides, infra pallidae

vel glaucae, basin versus glanduloso-ciliatae, caeterum subglabrae, costa

nervisque tenuibus; petioli 7-12 mm. longi, purpurascentes, glanduloso-

pilosi. lores 2-3, raro plures, subumbellati; bracteae obovato-oblongae,

dorso sericeae; bracteolae subfiliformes, pubescentes; pedicelli 2 cm.

longi, parce glanduloso-pilosi vel subglabri. Calyx subpatelliformis, 5-lobus

lobis saepe obsoletis, glanduloso-pilosus. Corolla campanulata, 5-loba,

ad 4 cm. longa, per limbum ad 5 cm. latum, pulcherrime rosea, emaculata,

glabra, lobis rotundatis late emarginatis. Stamina 10; filamenta glabra,

3cm.longa. Ovarium oblongum, viride, laxe glanduloso-pilosum, 6-loculare ;

stylus basi glandulis stipitatis, supra glandulis sessilibus obsitus, 3-3.5 em.

longus; stigma capitatum. Capsula oblonga, recta 1.8 cm. longa, grisea.

Semina oblique ovata, cum alis fere 2mm. longa, alis apice ad 0.6 mm.

productis ad latera angustis basi valde obliquis.—Balf. f. in Not. R. Bot.

Gard. Edinburgh X. 96 (1917); Millais, Rhodod. 94, 262 (1917).

A small shrub, intricately branched, in its home up to

15 m. high; branches slender, greenish when young

with scattered stalked glands about 1 mm. long, soon

glabrescent, after the first year with a shining brownish

and ultimately grey bark which cracks longitudinally

and transversally. Leaf-buds ovoid, pointed, purplish

brown, outer scales elliptic, inner oblanceolate, thin, up

to 1 cm. long, fringed with glands, the lower distant and

stalked, the upper close and sessile. Leaves stalked ;

blade broadly elliptic or round from a shallowly cordate

or truncate base, very blunt with a small hard point,

recurved along the margin, up to over 3.5 cm. long, and

3 cm. broad, often much smaller, leathery, dark green

on the face, pale and more or less glaucous on the back,

very sparsely hairy on the face when unfolding (the hairs

white, simple, bifid or wisp-shaped, soon collapsing

and mostly disappearing), more or less fringed, at least

near the base, with stalked glands and bearing a few

minute sessile or subsessile glands on the back; midrib

and lateral nerves slender, slightly impressed on

the face and raised on the back when dry, veins

delicately and very prettily netted on the back; leaf-

stalk 0.7-1.3 cm. long, purplish or at length green, with

long-stalked glands. Flowers 2 or 3, rarely more, in

umbel-shaped racemes; bracts obovate-oblong, blunt,

pale silky on the face; bracteoles at the base of the

pedicels almost filiform, pubescent, over 1 cm. long;

pedicels about 2 cm. long with, or rarely without,

stalked glands. Calyx almost patelliform, shortly

5-lobed or reduced to a wavy rim, beset with stalked

glands. Corolla bell-shaped, uniformly rose-coloured,

5-lobed, up to over 4.cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide at the middle

and 5 cm. across the limb, quite glabrous; lobes rounded,

shallowly emarginate, up to 2 cm. in diameter. Stamens

10; filaments slightly widened at the base, glabrous,

the longest 3 cm. long; anthers 3-3.5 mm. long, orange-

brown. Disc annular, green. Ovary oblong, green, about

6-celled, loosely covered with stalked glands, the latter

extending some distance up the style which higher up

is glabrous and smooth but for some very small sessile

glands below the small capitate stigma, and up to 3.5 cm.

long. Capsule oblong, straight, 1.8 cm. long, greyish brown,

supported by the thickened calyx-rim. Seeds obliquely

ovate in outline, almost 2 mm. long including the wing

which is very oblique at the base, narrow along the

sides and produced to about 0.6 mm. at the top, pale

brown.

DIsTRIBUTION.—Western China, Szechuan, rare in

thickets on the cliffs of Wa Shan (103° 14’ E., 29° 21’ N.)

at 2,800 m., Wilson 1350.

This species, one of the loveliest of the genus, was

discovered by Mr. E. H. Wilson on Wa Shan in 1908.

Wa Shan is a mountain situated to the south-west of

the better known sacred Mount Omei, and like this

remarkable for its wonderfully varied flora. It rises

to over 3,400 m. At 2,300 m. rhododendrons begin to

appear, but they are most abundant at 3,100 m. and

upwards, where they are the dominating element of the

vegetation. The affinity with Rk. callimorphum is quite

obvious. It has also been compared with R. Soulier,

which, however, is easily distinguished by its relatively

large calyx. Sir I. B. Balfour has included these species

along with several more from West Szechuan and West

Yunnan in a series which he links on to the Himalayan

R. campylocarpum, but he admits himself that the

homogeneity of the series is somewhat doubtful.

Seeds of R&R. Welhamsianum were first received

in England in 1909. The specimen from which the

drawing was prepared was kindly communicated by

Mr. J. ©. Williams, of Caerhays Castle, Cornwall,

after whom the plant has been named. Mr. Williams

writes that it does very well with him and produces

seed most years; but so far even well-grown plants

have not attained to more than 30 cm. in height. In

his experience it likes very well drained, cool and moist

soil. Where it starts very early it is liable to be injured

by frost, otherwise even prolonged dry cold should not

damage it. At Kew it has proved so far somewhat

delicate, no doubt for the reason given by Mr. Williams.

In Sussex, on the other hand, it is quite hardy, according

to Mr. Millais. As it strikes freely from cuttings and

seed frequently becomes available it deserves every

attention. Its fine foliage and exceedingly beautiful

flowers, combined with a dwarf habit, ought to make it

a great ornament on rockwork wherever it can be tided

over the early season without sprouting too freely.

It has flowered under glass at Kew as early as March,

but its normal flowering time in the open is in June,

only a little earlier as it seems than in its native country.

0.8.

Fig. 1, aflowering branch, nat. size; 2, young leaf, x2; 3, mature leaf, back

view, nat. size; 4, glands from the back of ayoung leaf, x 50; 5, bracteole from

the base of a pedicel, x 4; 6, calyx and pistil, x4; 7, stamen 4x ; 8, section of

ovary, X6; 9, capsule, x2; 10, seed, X12. Figs. 9 and 10 from Wilson 1350,

‘the rest from Mr. Williams’s specimen.

JHE LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF ILLIKOIS

L.Snelling del.et lith. . HF 2G Witherby London

Tas. 8936.

PODANTHUM FLORIBUNDUM.

Asia Minor.

CAMPANULACEAE. Tribe CAMPANULEAE.

PopDANTHUM, Boiss., Fl. Or. III. 945 (1875); Richard Schulz, Mon. Gatt. Phy-

teuma 19 (1904); Phyteuma Sect. Podanthum, G. Don. ; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen.

Plant. II. 561 (1873); Schénland in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 5. 54.

Podanthum floribundum, Siapj (sp. nov.); affine P. lobeliotd:, Boiss., sed

paniculis angustis floribundis breviter vel brevissime ramosis, floribus maioribus

sursum approximatis distinectum.

Herba perennis, 5dm. alta, collo pluricipite. Caules e tertia parte inferiore foliati

et longe fastigiatim ramosi; rami inferiores ad medium, caeteri saltem basi

foliati, uti axis primaria in paniculam longam angustam floribundam abeuntes,

graciles; omnes axes minute canescenti-pubescentes, robustiores tenuiter

albo-costatis. Folia infima mox evanida, breviter petiolata, caetera

sessilia, e basi attenuata anguste lanceolata, magis minusve acuta,

repando-dentata, ad 12 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata, superiora cito decrescentia,

viridia, utrinque laxe pubescentia, ad marginem ciliolata. Paniculae erectae,

15-25cm. longae, infra 3-9 cm. latae, superne angustesubspicatae; ramiobliqui

vel suberecti, infimi paniculae terminalis ad 9 cm., panicularum Jateralium

ad 4 cm. longi, basi nudi vel subnudi, deinde flores plerumque solitarios laxe

vel apice dense dispositos gerentes, rami superiores valde abbreviati floribus

congestis, summi ob florum lateralium abortum ad florem solitarium reducti ;

omnes foliis brevibus vel bracteis lanceolatis suffulti ; pedicelli 2-1 mm. longi

vel subnulli. Recepiaculum angustum, sensim in pedicellum attenuatum,

tenuiter 5-costatum costis acutis albis, inter eas minute albo-papillosum,

3 mm. longum. Sepala subulata, 3 mm. longa, albe-marginata. Corolla

fere ad basin 5-fida, amoene purpureo-violacea, segmentis patulis lineari-

lanceolatis leviter recurvis, ad 12 mm. longis. Antherae 3 mm. longae,

polline rubro-purpureo. St?qgma breviter 3-lobum. Capsula matura ignota.

A perennial herb, about 5 dm. high, throwing up

shortly ascending or erect stems from a short, almost

woody base, which is covered with the dry imbricate

remains of old leaf-bases. Stem with long leaf-supported

branches from the lower third, rising at angles of 40-380°,

then erect, parallel, and of almost equal length; lower

branches leafy to the middle, the following bearing

leaves at least towards the base, all like the primary

axis passing into a long many-flowered panicle ; all axes

ereyish-pubescent and very finely ribbed, the hairs

very short and rather stiff, whitish and mostly slightly

recurved, the ribs white or often silvery, the epidermis

below the insertion of the leaves more or less lifted from

the underlying tissues, forming decurrent hyaline ridges.

Leaves mostly sessile, only the lowest with short slender

stalks widened at their insertion into short imperfect

sheaths, which persist and cover the stem base very

closely ; blades narrowly lanceolate, more or less acute,

with very shallowly scalloped margins and distant

teeth, those supporting the main-branches up to 12 cm.

by 1 cm., the upper decreasing rapidly in length, all

green, loosely and shortly hairy on both sides and

minutely ciliate on the margins; midrib slender or

widened towards the base, lateral nerves faint, very

oblique. Panicles 15-25 cm. long, 3-9 cm. wide at the

base, upwards very narrow and almost spikelike ;

branches oblique or nearly erect, the lowest of the

terminal panicle to 9 cm., of the lateral to 4 cm. long,

bare or almost bare at the base, then bearing mostly

solitary flowers, which are distant below and more

crowded upwards, the upper branches much shorter, with

often crowded flowers, and followed upwards by solitary

flowers; most of the solitary flowers of the panicle with

rudiments of arrested flowers at the base (reduced cymes);

all branches supported by short, narrow lanceolate-linear

or linear leaves, which pass upwards into lanceolate to

awl-shaped bracts 6-4 mm. long or below the solitary

flowers still shorter, but always longer than the pedicels

which rarely attain to a length of 2 mm. Receptacle

narrow, gradually passing into the pedicel, 3 mm. long,

5-ribbed; ribs fine but well marked, acute, white ;

intercostal faces densely covered with minute white

papillae. Sepals awl-shaped, 3 mm. Jong, with fine

white margins. Corolla 5-cleft, almost to the base, rotate,

of a rich purple-violet; segments slightly recurved,

linear-lanceolate, 10-12 mm. long. Filaments with a

round, minutely ciliolate base; anthers 3 mm. long,

dehiscing inthe bud; pollen red-purple. Style hardly

4 mm. long, stigma minutely 3-lobed. Ovary cells 3.

Capsule unknown.

DIstTRIBUTION.—Asia Minor (see below).

This handsome herb has been growing in the Botanic

Garden at Edinburgh for some years. Professor W. W.

Smith, who kindly supplied the material for the present

plate, writes that the plant was raised from seed

received from W. Siehe, in Mersina, but neither the num-

ber nor the name under which it was distributed can be

traced now, and the only specimen of Siehe’s comparable

with it in the Kew Herbarium is evidently not the species

here described. The ranges of the Anatolian Taurus

have supplied Boissier with material for the description

of about a dozen species of Podanthum, half of which,

however, were subsequently reduced by the author to

varieties or relegated to synonymy. Among the latter

there are three: P. stylidioides, P. Pestalozzae, and

P. gracile, which in his Flora Orientalis are included in

P. lobelioides, the species with which I have contrasted

our plant. P. lobeloides was described by Willdenow in

1794, from a specimen collected by Gundelsheimer,

Tournefort’s companion on his journey to the Levant.

It was figured by the author in his Phytographia (tab. iv,

f. 2); and to judge by the figure 1s clearly not P. flori-

bundum, but a species apparently confined to Armenia

and the adjoining parts of eastern and northern Anatolia.

The three names quoted as synonyms may represent one

or several species distinct from P. lobelioides and also

from P. floribundum. Like the genus generally, they

require reinvestigation very badly.

Podanthum is one of those groups which present them-

selves immediately to the observer as homogeneous

natural phyla, whilst, on the other hand, their technical

floral characters connect them closely with other similarly

constituted groups. Thus Podanthum was early (1835)

recognized as a natural group and has ever since been

treated assuch. Its taxonomic status, however, was, and

is, still a matter of controversy. The flowers being practi-

cally those of a Campanula with the corolla split to the

base, a condition characteristic of Phyteuma, Podanthwm

was originally proposed by its author, G. Don, as a

section of Phytewma, and it is still treated so in the great

taxonomic compendia; but habit and distribution, as

well as the steady increase in the number of species

which are found to follow the type presented by it,

justify on theoretical and practical grounds its treat-

ment as a distinct genus. LBoissier, all the recent writers

on the oriental floras, and Richard Schulz, the mono-

grapher of Phytewma, are agreed on that point. Boissier

enumerates (Fl. Or. III. 945-957) 26 species and 7

varieties, to which another 10 or 12 species have to be

added from the more recent literature. From a pre-

cursory scrutiny of the material in the Kew Herbarium

the number distinguishable at present may be put at

over 40. They are most numerous in Asia Minor and

Armenia, whence the genus radiates to the east and the

north-east (Caucasus, Persia and Turkestan) and to the

west (the Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathian region,

South Italy and Algeria), covering an area which is of

the most natural description, and excludes that of

Phyteuma in the restricted sense.

Podanthum fiorubundum is a hardy herb of decorative

value, thanks to the abundance of brightly coloured

flowers which it produces over a succession of weeks.

In Edinburgh it flowers all through June. If it should

ripen seeds—it has not done so far—it could be propagated

most easily from them; otherwise cuttings will have to

be tried. < Once established it ought to do well in dry

and sunny situations. ; O.8.

Fig. 1, whole plant (somewhat diagrammatic), X 1/3: 2, a panicle (lower

two-thirds), nat. size; 3, part of stem, <a: 4, ee leaf, nat. size; 5, flower-

bud, X2; 6, flower, Sah parts of calyx and corolla cut off, < 3.5; 7, stamens.

and stigma from a bud, X5; 8, a single stamen taken from a bud, a) ge ae

stigma still closed and covered with pollen, <5; 10, stigma opened out, X 5.

pit LIBRARY

OF THE

IWIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

Tas. 8937.

MESEMBRIANTHEMUM FRAGRANS.

South Africa.

FICOIDEAE. Tribe MESEMBRIANTHEMEAE.

MESEMBRIANTHEMUM, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 853; Pax in

Engl. & Prantl., Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 1. B. 45; Berger, Mesembr wu. Portul. 2.

Mesembrianthemum fragrans, Salm Dyck, Obs. Bot. 8 (1820) et Mesembr. §.8,

fig. 2 (1823); arcte affine M. grandifloro, Haw., sed foliis cuiusque paris magis

inaequalibus basi intus haud gibbosis, petalis in ‘cupulam late apertam dispositis

neque horizontaliter patentibus, sepalis inaequalibus distinctum.

Herba succulenta, perennis, acaulis, caespitosa. Folia paribus 4-5 2-seriata,

inaequalia, percrassa, lineari-oblonga, dorso alte convexa, obtusa vel oblique

subacuta, ad 8, rarius ad 10 cm. longa, ad 2.5 cm. lata, laete viridia vel pro

tempore glaucescentia. lores solitarii, sessiles, 6-8 cm. diametro, aureo-

flavi, suaveolentes. Calyx alte 4-fidus, segmentis exterioribus oblongis

acutis anguste hyalino-marginatis, interioribus late rotundatis marginibus

latissimis hyalinis. Petala linearia, basi attenuata, e fundo ascendentia,

acuta vel obtusa et apice crenulata, 4 cm. longa, 3 mm. lata. Stamina

erecta; filamenta ad 10 mm. longa. Receptaculum turbinatum, vix 1 cm.

altum. Ovarii vertex hemisphaericus, 8-lobus. St¢gma sessile, 8-radiatum,

radiis crassiusculis fimbriatis. Capsula subglobosa, 8-valvata, 7-9 mm.

diametro. Semina papillis pistilliformibus pulchre ornata. Haw., Rev.

Pl. Suce. 95 (1821); Link et Otto, Icon. Pl. Select. 93, t. 43 (1823): Hoff-

mannsegg, Verz. Pflanzenkult. 220 (1824); DC. Prodr. III. 421 (1828);

Sonder in Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. IT. 402 (1862); M. lingutforme var.

fragrans, Berger, Mesembr. u. Portul. 242 (1908).

A succulent herb, perennial, stemless with prostrate

branches, perfectly glabrous. Leaves opposite, rising in

close succession in superposed pairs, 2 or 3 pairs produced

each year, those of the preceding year still present and

fresh at the time of flowering, the leaves of each pair

unequal in size and to some extent also in shape, tightly

appressed to each other in bud, the smaller on unfolding,

leaving on the face of the larger a marked flat impression

which expands as the leaves grow, and in connection

with a slight original obliquity of the leaves and a tendency

to curve or twist, often leads to asymmetry, all the leaves

linear-oblong in outline, triangular to semi-elliptic in

cross-section with acute or blunt angles, blunt at the

tips or slightly pointed, with the back often produced

into a hump, the longer leaves up to 8, rarely 10 cm.,

long and up to 2, rarely 4, cm. broad, sap-green or

temporarily almost elaucous. Flowers solitary from

the leaf-axils, usually only one open at a time, sessile.

7-8 cm. in diameter, of a pure bright yellow, bowl- or

cup-shaped, sweet-scented. Calyx-segments 4, unequal,

the outer pair oblong, with a usually sharp red point

and fine hyaline margins joining below the tip, 1-2—1°5cm.

long, the inner pair rounded with a very broad hyaline

margin, including it up to 1.5 cm. across. Petals linear,

narrowed towards the base, ascending from the bottom

of the flower, then gently recurved, up to 4 cm. long

and 3 mm. wide, shortly pointed or blunt and then

minutely crenulate. Stamens erect around the stigmas,

filaments up to 10 mm. long; anthers yellow, 1.5 mm. —

long. Receptacle obconical, short; top of the ovary

hemispherical, 8-lobed. Stigma sessile, 8-rayed, rays

stout, up to 6 mm. long, coarsely feathery. Fruit an

almost globose, 8-valved capsule, 7-9 mm. in diameter,

8-celled, when wetted expanding into an 8-rayed star over

2.5 cm. across, with an oblong callus in each sinus which

is flanked by a pair of black stays or ribs ascending to

the bases of the adjoining valves. Seeds broad-elliptic

in side view, 1 mm. long, shortly stalked; seed coat

densely covered with stout peg-shaped papille.

DISTRIBUTION.—-Cape of Good Hope; Ladismith

Division, Ladismith Commonage, /. B. Pole-Hvans.

Prince Salm Dyck obtained the specimen which he

described and figured as Mesembrianthemum fragrans

from the Botanic Garden at Karlsruhe in 1816. Whence,

however, it came originally is unknown beyond the

general statement that it was raised from South African

seed. It may have been one of the numerous succulents

introduced into England by Masson between 1774 and

1795, or have reached Karlsruhe through Vienna, where

there was a considerable collection of South African

plants in those days. It was rediscovered by Dr. I. B.

Pole-Evans in the Karroo east of the town of Ladismith,

where, he informs me, it was by no means uncommon.

The present plate was prepared from a specimen com-

municated by him to Kew in 1919.

Herr Berger has recently reduced M. fragrans to a

variety of M. linguiforme, Haw., a species already known

to Dillenius. In my opinion, however, it is sufficiently

distinct to merit the status of a species. Mr. N. E.

Brown on the other hand is inclined to refer it to M.

depressum, Haw., which was figured in the Botanical

Magazine t. 1866, but this plant differs markedly in the

shape of the leaves, the size of the flowers, and if the

plants grown at present as WM. depressum at Kew actually

represent that species, also in the structure of the

seed coat. This author has also revived the genus

Glotiiphyllum proposed by Haworth for the group of the

Linguiformia of which M. fragrans is a member. With

all deference to his critical knowledge of the species of this

difficult genus, I think the time has not come for breaking

it up into smaller generic units, although it will certainly

have to be done in the future. At present we know too

little of the more intimate structure of the flower, and

particularly of the fruit and seed and its correlation

with the vegetative characters. Herbarium specimens,

unless prepared on the spot with great care, are of little

use for that purpose, but the relative ease with which

these plants can be grown, even in a limited space and

with modest means, ought to be a great inducement to

continue their study on the lines which have proved so

fruitful in Mr. Brown’s hands.

Breynius’s original spelling of the name of the genus,

namely Mesembrianthemum* with 7 is so appropriate as

compared with Dillenius’s far-fetched version dM/esem-

bryanthemum with y and its laboured interpretation**

that I have followed recent writers in restoring it. The

bulk of the mesembrianthemums are veritable noon-day

flowerers who revel in sunshine, whithout which they

hesitate to unfold the full beauty of their flowers.

Mr. Brown has referred to the seasonal change of

colour shown by the leaves of many species. It may

therefore be of interest to record my own observations

with regard to M. fragrans. When examining the plants

in the pit at Kew last March, I was struck by the glau-

cescence of their leaves, which was so entirely at variance

with a coloured drawing made by Miss Snelling the year

* From preon pra, noon-day, and avJemor, flower.

** “Flos nempe cui embryo est in medio” and “. . . tenaciter medio

embryoni . . . circumnascatur.”’

before at the end of August, that I suspected an error in

labelling, the more so as an earlier picture by Miss Smith

done at Kew on the Ist September also showed them

more or less glaucous. A few weeks later, however, the

same plants assumed the rich sap-green colouring shown

in the plate and they have remained so until now (July).

At Kew WM. fragrans is grown in the succulent pit

along with numerous other South African plants. It

succeeds well and is easily propagated by division. It

has flowered so far about the end of August or the begin-

ning of September, at Kew as well as at Colesborne, but

this year flowering set in at Kew early in July. The

flowers open in the morning and begin to close soon after

midday, each flower lasting about a week. They are

sweet-scented, the scent which is rather faint, recalling

that of lilies of the valley. O.S.

Fig. 1, half a plant, nat. size; 2, a closed flower in side view, nat. size ;

3, section through a flower, x 2; 4, fruit in the dry state, x 2; 5, a fruit, wetted

with the valves spread out, x 2; 6, part af a fruit cut pppoe and flattened out (wet),

<0 sci, Seed,2< 20.

JHE LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY AF ILLINOIS

8938

HFe G.Witherby, London.

ET RT ee DOR LAU secperever seers

nelling. lith.

Omit

Del M

TaB. 8938.

AESCHYNANTHUS SIKKIMENSIS.

India.

GESNERACEAE. Tribe AESCHYNANTHEAE.

AESCHYNANTHUS, Jack; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. II. 1013; C. B. Clarke in

DC., Monogr. Phan. V.18. Trichosporium, D. Don; Fritsch in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 3 b. 152.

Aeschynanthus sikkimensis, Siap/ (sp. nov.) ; a A.maculato* (syn. A. maculato

var. stenophyllo, C. B. Clarke) habitu robustiore, foliis latioribus plerumque integris,

pedicellis calycibusque glaberrimis distinctus.

Suffrutex praeter corollas et filamenta et stylum glaberrimus, ramis pendulis.

Foliorum lamina e basi sensim attenuata oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata,

6-15 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata, integra vel obsolete denticulata. Cymae

floribus 6 vel paucioribus; bracteae subulato-lineares, ad 4 mm. longae ;

pedicelli graciles, 1 cm.longi. Calycis tubus cylindricus vel sursum amplia-

tus, 3-4 mm. longus; lobi tubo aequilongi vel breviores, lineares. Corolla

e basi angusta curvata, sursum ampliata, 2.5-3 cm. longa, lobis subaequalibus

2 mm. longis, rubro-coccinea, limbo nigro-maculato, extra glanduloso-

pilosula. Stamina e corolla breviter exserta ; fllamenta glanduloso-pilosula.

Stylus superne glanduloso-pilosulus. Capsula anguste fusiformis, circiter

15 cm. longa. Semina oblonga, vix 1 mm. longa, scrobiculata, basi pilis 2,

apice pilo 1 munitis, pilis longissimis.—A. maculatus var. stkkimensis,

C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr. Phan. V. 1. 24 (1883).

An epiphytic wndershrub with pendulous branches,

perfectly glabrous with the exception of the corollas, the

filaments and the style. Leaves stalked ; blade oblong-

lanceolate from a gradually narrowed base, acuminate

or caudate, 6-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, entire or very

indistinctly toothed, fleshy-leathery, pale green, the

midrib rather stout, the lateral nerves very oblique,

indistinct, about 5 on each side. Cymes axillary and

terminal, much contracted, of up to 6, rarely more,

flowers ; bracts linear to awl-shaped, up to 4 mm. long,;

pedicels slender, at length over 1 cm. long. Calyx

5-toothed ; tube narrowly cylindric or upwards wider,

3-4 mm. long; teeth as long as the tube or slightly

shorter, very narrow, linear-lanceolate or almost awl-

shaped. Corolla curved, funnel-shaped, narrow at the

base, about 2.5-3 cm. long, 6-7 mm. wide at the mouth,

* Aeschynanthus is made here masculine as was done originally by Sprengel

and G. Don and in accordance with the general rule observed in names ending in

-anthus.

with short almost equal rounded lobes which are about

2 mm. long, scarlet with short glandular hairs outside,

more yellow and glabrous inside, the lobes marked with

black decurrent streaks. Stamens shortly exserted

from the corolla (the longer sometimes by 1 cm.);

filaments with short glandular hairs; anthers purplish.

Ovary linear, immersed at the base in a cup-shaped disk,

glabrous; style in the early (male) stage of flowering

much shorter than the corolla, ultimately exserted from

it by 1 cm. or more, the upper part with short glandular

hairs. Capsule linear, narrowed at both ends and

stalked at the base, curved, up to 15 cm. long. Seed

oblong, almost 1 mm. long; testa wrinkled, with 2 hairs

at the base and 1 at the other end; hairs 2—-2.5 cm. and

3-4cem. long respectively.

DistRIBUTION.—India, hot outer valleys of the

Himalaya: Sikkim, from 900-1,800 m., Hooker

(Aeschynanthus no. 15, type specomen) ; Bootan, Griffith,

Kew Distr. 3318. Khasia Hills, Hooker and Thomson

(Aeschynanthus no. 15).

Aeschynanthus sikkimensis belongs to a small group of

species which is technically distinguished by the presence

of a pair of long hairs at the lower end and a similar single

hair at the upper end of the seed, the hairs being elonga-

tions of the seed-coat; hence the name of the section

Diplotrichium. They are epiphytic shrubs of a very

uniform habit and similar floral structure, and there

has been a considerable divergence of opinion as to the

taxonomic status of the forms which have been recognised

within the group. Thus Clarke in his monograph of the

Cyrtandreae recognises A. sikkimensis as a variety of

A. maculatus, whilst in Hooker’s Flora of British India

he merges it in A. maculatus proper and in an earlier paper

on the Commelynaceae and Cyrtandreae of Bengal he

refers A. maculatus itself to A. ramosissimus. However,

the accession of new material, our more intimate know-

ledge of the plants and the consequent need for greater

precision suggest further segregation and the accordance

of specific rank to A. sikkimensis. This seems the more

expedient as Lindley’s A. maculatus is a somewhat

obscure species. It was described and figured by him

in 1841 from a plant of assumed, and no doubt rightly

assumed, Indian origin. The figure is evidently inaccu-

rate and contradicts the description especially in so far

as the whole plant including the flowers is shown as

perfectly glabrous whilst in the text the calyx is said

to be glandular-hairy and the corolla pubescent. As the

original specimen has not been preserved there is no

means of solving the discrepancy. However, relying on

the description and the figure as far as it does not contrast

with the former I am inclined to identify Lindley’s plant

with Clarke’s variety stenophyllus of A. maculatus, a

native of the Khasia Hills, and easily recognised by its

slender habit, narrow, wavy-toothed leaves and the

hairiness of the pedicels and calyces.

The plant figured in this place was collected by Mr.

Elwes on the eastern slopes of the Singalela range near

Darjiling at 1,800 m. Hooker found it at the same

altitude, but also as low as 900 m. in the hot valleys

below Darjiling. Clarke in his monograph credits Hooker

with having collected it from the Balasan river up to

Choongtam, 2,500 m., but this is most likely an error.

Hooker in his notes says “3,000 to 6,000 ft.” Griffith

no. 3318 is probably one of the two species of Aeschy-

nanthus observed by him above Buxa, East Bengal, just

within the Bootan frontier. <A further extension of the

area of this species is suggested by Prain and Pottinger’s

enumeration of A. maculatus as one of the plants collected

by them in the Kachin Hills, in Upper Assam, but I

have seen no specimen of this collecting. I may add

that the area of the section Diplotrichium is as continuous

and natural as the group is morphologically homogeneous.

It covers the subtropical zone of the outer Himalaya,

from Kumaon eastwards, the Khasia Hills and the

mountains of south-western China.

The flowers of A. sikkimensis are markedly protandrous.

They pass through two stages. In the first the filaments

are upright with the anthers more or less exserted while

the stigma is enclosed in the corolla tube and small ;

in the second the filaments curve forward and downward

and the stigma becomes disc-shaped and exserted above

the anthers. Delpino has already described this type of

protandry for A. grandiflorus, C. W. Parish observed it

in the field as a general occurrence in Aeschynanthus

and Professor Fritsch’s reference to heterostyly in the

section Holocalyx of Aeschynanthus is no doubt reducible

to the same phenomenon. It may be useful for growers

of Aeschynanthus to keep this condition in mind.

A. sikkimensis requires the treatment usual for members

of this heat- and moisture-loving genus. Mr. Elwes

informs me that he has always grown it in the same

house with Cymbidium, Pleione and Odontoglossum and

generally succeeded in obtaining germinable seed.

Although less gorgeous than its close ally A. grandiflorus,

A. sikkimensis deserves a place in a collection of stove

plants on account of its brilliant and fascinating flowers.

0.5;

Fig. 1, flowering branch, nat. size; 2, upper half of corolla flattened out,

seen from within, X 1.5; 3, lower half of the same with stamens, x1.5; 4, calyx

{front removed) with lower part of pistil, x4; 5, style, upper part with stigma

in the “‘male’’ stage, X 4; 6, pair of stamens, back view, x 5; 7,same, front view,

x5; 8, capsule, nat. size; 9, seed, x20.

IME LIBRARY

OF THE

UWIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

8939

L.Snelling.del.et lith, HE ss CW

FaG.Witherby, London.

Tas, 8939,

PRIMULA SINOLISTERI.

China.

PRIMULACEAE. Tribe PRIMULEAER,

Primus, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. /., Gen, Plant. 11.631; Paxin Engl. & Prantl,

Nai. Phanzenf. IV. I. 105.

Primula sinolisteri, Bat’ *. on Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XXXIX. 135, 142 (1913)

and in Trans. Bot. Soc, Edinb. XXVI. 330 (1915); arcte affinis P. obconico,

Hance, sed petiolis minute puberulis, lamina firmiore minute puberula vel deinde

fere glabrata lobulata lobulis glanduloso-denticulatis distincta; etiam cum

P. Laster:, King, comparanda a qua vero praeter indumentum brevissimum in-

fiorescentia elatiore pluriflora divergit.

Herba perennis, inflorescentiis omissis vix 8 em. alta, acaulis, indumento omnium

partium brevi vel brevissimo, rhizomate duro longo pluricipite dense foliorum

vestigiis obtecto, apice foliorum fascicula emittente. Folia petiolata;

lamina rotundato-ovata vel fere orbicularis, basi cordata, apice obtusa,

lobulata, glanduloso-denticulata, 3-4.5 cm. longa, 2.5-4 cm. lata, firme

papyracea, viva laete viridis, praeter marginem minute ciliolatum primo

aspectu glabra, sub lente vero magis minusve puberula; petiolus gracilis,

sed duriusculus, puberulus, ad 6 cm. longus. Jnflorescentia umbellata,

puberula, 8-flora, scapo gracili folia superante ad 12 cm. longo suffulta ;

bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares, ad 6 mm. longae ; pedicelli stricti, divari-

cati, evolutione valde inaequales, tandem ad 4cm. longi. Flores heterostyli,

albi vel pallide rosei, ore lutescente vel aureo, suaveolentes. Flos longi-

stylus: Calyx campanulatus vel obconico-campanulatus, 6-7 mm.- longus,

5-lobatus lobis late triangularibus acutis, puberulus, fructifer paulo auctus

et late obconicus, ore ad 7mm. diametro. Corolla extra tenuissime puberula;

tubus 7-8 mm. longus, cylindricus, parte infrastaminali 2.5 mm. longa

angustiore; limbus ad 23 mm. diametro, alte 5-sectus, segmentis obcordatis.

Aniherae circiter 2 mm. longae. Stylus corollae os attingens; stigma

eapitatum. Flos brevistylus corollae tubo 10 mm. longo, parte infrasta-

minali 6 mm. longa cylindrica, suprastaminali ampliata, antheris os fere

attingentibus, stylo vix 2mm. longo, caeteris ut in florelongistylo. Capsula

vertice convexa, in calyce alte immersa,

A low perenniai Aerb with a creeping, often long,

rhizome ; rhizome simple or sparingly branched, pro-

ducing from its top and the tops of the branches dense

fascicles of leaves, very closely covered below, with the

persistent bases of the leaf-stalks of one or two years’

growth, farther back bare. Leaf-tufis low, rising hardly

8 cm. above the ground; blades roundish-ovate or

almost orbicular, cordate at the base, obtuse, very

shortly lobed with the lobes acute or obtuse and minutely

toothed and the teeth tipped with hard water-glands,

3-4.5 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. broad, firmly papery, bright

green (cultivated specimens), glabrous to the naked eye,

but seen under the lens mostly bearing loosely scattered

white papillae or minute one- or few-celled and

occasionally gland-tipped hairs, which, on the back, are

usually confined to the nerves, minutely ciliolate along

the margins; stalks very slender, almost wiry, up to

6 cm. long, oreyish powdery or very delicately downy

with the hairs much shorter than the diameter of the

stalk. Inflorescence raised above the leaves, umbel-

shaped, 5-8-flowered, borne on slender peduncles up to

12 cm. long, all parts with a greyish powdery covering

of papillae and minute hairs, similar to, but more copious

than that of the leaf-stalks ; bracts lanceolate to linear,

up to 6 mm. long, thinly “herbaceous ; pedicels very

eee in length owing to the successive development

of the flowers, in the spontaneous form up to 1.4 cm.

long, in cultivated specimens the longest ultimately 4 cm.

long and much spreading. Flowers heterostylous, at

first white, then becoming pink or faintly mauve, with

a pale or bright yellow eye, slightly sweet-scented.

Longstyled form : Cala yx bell-shaped or almost obconical,

up to 6 mm. long, shortly 5-lobed (to about 4), lobes

broadly triangular, acute, often produced into oland-

tipped points, very minutely and loosely hairy, when

fruiting slightly enlarged and distinctly inversely conical,

about 7 mm. wide at the mouth. Corolla delicately

hairy on the outside; tube 7-8 mm. long, cylindrical,

narrower below the insertion of the stamens, that is,

2.5 mm. from the base; limb up to 23 mm. across,

deeply 5-lobed, lobes obcordate with a narrow sinus.

Anthers 2mm. long. Style almost reaching to the mouth

of the corolla, like the capitate stigma, turning reddish

at length, persistent. Short-styled ‘form similar to the

long-styled, but the corolla tube longer (10 mm.) and

widened into a cup or bell-shaped portion in the upper

third at the insertion of the stamens, the anthers

reaching to near the mouth of the cor olla and the style

only 2mm. long. Capsule deeply immersed in the calyx

with a convex thinly crustaceous top.

DISTRIBUTION.—South-western China, Yunnan; Tali

range, Forrest 4101 (original) and mountains of the

Mekong-Salween divide, Forrest.

Of about a dozen closely related forms clustering

around P. obconica this is the only one which is at present

in cultivation. It appears to possess none of the toxic

properties which have made P. obconica obnoxious to

the horticulturist and may therefore be expected to

supplant it in the greenhouse and in table decoration.

Sir Isaac B. Balfour has summarized its claims and its

chances of becoming a horticultural asset, and we cannot

do better than quote his words: ‘“* This plant,” he says,

“is one of the most pleasing of the introductions which

we owe to Forrest. Of the obconica-type, 1t wants the

irritant property of P. obconica, Hance. In cultivation

it forms neat dense tufts of dark green leaves, from

amongst which the well-balanced scapes ascend, bearing

commonly two tiers of flowers which are typically snow-

white. It is not quite hardy about Edinburgh, but I

believe it thrives out-of-doors in South England. In

greenhouse work it should better P. obconica, Hance,

and rival perhaps P. sinensis, Sabine, and P. malacoides,

Franch. Grown planted out in a frame it flowers

throughout the whole year. In my belief it is a coming

horticultural plant. It shows some variation in tint of

flower; these are sometimes a pale violet.” (Trans.

Bot. Soc. Edinb. XX VI, 332, 333.)

Botanically P. sinolisterr, and the members of the

obconica-group generally, are interesting because they

form a good illustration of the problem of the genesis of

elementary species or micromorphs (“ microforms ”’ of

Balfour) and their taxonomic treatment, and secondly

because they add to the already numerous instances of

the intimate relationship of the floras of western China

and the Himalaya. The group ranges from West Hupeh,

Szechuan and North-west Yunnan, through Bootan to

the Sikkim Himalaya and through the Naga Hills to

the highlands of Manipur, and from South Yunnan to

the Shan States. Sir Isaac admits not less than 14

members within the group, clearly distinguishable in

their prototypes and yet so connected by intermediate

forms that the limits of most of them cannot be defined

sharply. Some may be modifications due to conditions

of environment and have no permanent existence, others

may have resulted from crossing and be equally transient.

Practical experience in the field and the garden will

eventually lead to the elimination of these as unreliable

units of the series. The others will remain and with

them the problem. It is impossible to discuss it here

for lack of space, and it may therefore suffice to refer

the reader to Sir Isaac’s suggestive contribution on the

constitution of the obconica-group and the position of

P. sinolisters in it (“ Primula obconica and its micro-

forms” in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh X XVI. 301-344,

tt. xxi-lvi).

P. sinohistert was first introduced into cultivation by

Bees Ltd., in 1908, from seed collected by Forrest in

1906. The specimen, however, from which the present

plate was drawn was one of several that had been raised

at Kew from seed, collected by Forrest on the Mekong-

Salween divide, west of Talifu,in 1914 and communicated

by Mr. C. J. Williams of Caerhays Castle, Cornwall.

They are, compared with the original of the species,

quite typical except in so far as the pedicels attain an

unusual length, and the leaf-blades lack the glaucescence

apparent in Forrest’s field specimens. Forrest also

notes that the flowers are pure white. In the Kew

specimens they are generally white when they open, but

become soon suffused with a. clear or mauvish pink.

P. stnolistert is grown at Kew in a cold frame, where it —

does quite well without requiring any particular

attention.

Fig. 1, a whole plant. nat. size; 2, a small section of the midrib of a leaf

seen from below, X4; 3, a section of the leaf margin, x6; 4, longitudinal

section of a flower, X2; 5, pistil with the posterior half of the calyx, x 4.

int LIBRARY

* OF THE

URIVERSITY OF 1 UINOIS

Tas. 8940.

STAPELIA TSOMOENSIS.

South Africa.

ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe TYLOPHOREAE.

STAPELIA, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 784; K. Schum. in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 2. 278.

Stapelia tsomoensis, N. LH. Brown in Gard. Chron. XVIII. (1882), 168; valde

affinis S. glabricauli, N. E. Brown, sed floribus minoribus, corollae fundo purpureo-

fusco, lobis saepe magis minusve transverse flavido-striatis distincta.

Suffrutex erectus, 10-15 em. altus. Caules quadranguli, inter angulos remote

erenatos alte concavi, praeter novellas puberulas glabri. Folia minuta,

squamiformia, mox evanida. Cymae ad caulium bases subsessiles, 4—9-

florae, puberulae. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata, ad 6 mm. longa, puberula.

Corolla in alabastro subglobosa, aperta 5-6 cm. diametro, facie e fundo

saturate fusco-purpureo pallescens et versus loborum apices transverse

flavido-rugulosa, in fundo et ad loborum bases marginesque longe purpureo-

pilosa ; lobi ovati; acuminati, 2-3 cm. longi. Coronae exterioris segmenta

oblonga, mucronata, 5—5.5 mm. longa ; 7ntervoris segmenta recurvo-cornuta,

in dorso alata, 5 mm. longa, atropurpurea. N. E. Brown in Hook. Ic.

Plant. t. 1918 (1890) et in Dyer, Flor. Cap. IV., 1. 954 (1909); Berger,

Stap. u. Klein., 276 (1910). 8S. glabricaulis, Schlecht. in Journ. Bot., 1898,

480, non N. E. Brown.

A succulent shrublet with many stems rising from the

base. Stems erect, 4-angled, 1.2-2 cm. in diameter,

deeply fluted between the angles, green, the growing

points finely downy, otherwise glabrous or sometimes

with the down persistent at the angles, these remotely

notched. Leaves reduced to minute downy scales which

soon dry up. Cymes springing from the base of the

stems, almost sessile, 4—-9-flowered; pedicels downy,

1.8-2.5 cm. long. Sepals lanceolate, acutely acuminate,

up to 6 mm. long, glabrous on the face, ciliate on the

margins and with a white down on the back. Corolla

almost globose in the bud, 2—2.5 cm. in diameter, open

5-6 cm. wide, the back glabrous or finely downye and

pale green with purplish tips, the face deep brown-

purple in the centre, paler towards the tips of the lobes

and marked with fine greenish or yellowish transverse

wrinkles, with long purple hairs in the centre and at the

base and the margins of the lobes; the lobes ovate,

acuminate with the tips recurved. The segments of the

outer corona oblong, with a minute point at the blunt

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TaB. 8941.

PHILADELPHUS SERICANTHUS.

China.

SAXIFRAGACEAE, ‘Tribe PHILADELPHIEAE.

PHILADELPHUsS, Linn.; Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. Plant. I. 642; Engler in Engst.

é& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. BW 8 Ba a Koehne in Gartenflora, 1896, 450 et ss.

Philadelphus sericanthus, Koehne in Gartenflora 1896, 561; affinis P. tncano,

Koehne, sed foliis tenuioribus oblongo-lanceolatis longe acuminatis dorso glabris

nisi interdum ad nervos et in eorum axillis pilosis distinctus.

Frutex circiter 2 m. altus, ramis primo anno rubro-brunneis deinde fuscis

vel canescentibus. Folia. petiolata; laminae ovato-lanceolatae vel

oblongo-lanceolatae e basi plerumque acuta, acute acuminatae, utrinque

minute 8—11l-dentatae, raro subintegrae, magnitudine valde variae, parvae

vel ad 11 em. longae, plerumque plus quam duplo longiores quam latae,

tenuiores, facie virides et parce pilosae vel glabrae, dorso pallidiores et:

praeter nervos et eorum axillas glabrae, quintupli-nerves ; petioli 4-10 mm.

longi. Racemt numerosi, 4-6 cm. longi, 5—10-flori; pediceili 4-10 mm.

longi, superne vel breviores undique appresse strigillosi, ut etiam receptacu-

lum et sepalorum dorsa. Sepala 4, ovata, acuta vel apiculato-acuminata,

4-5 mm. longa, ad margines dense appresse albo-tomentosa. Pe/ala nivea,

late elliptica vel suborbicularia, obtusissima, 1 cm. longa. Stamina circiter

30; filamenta ad 7mm. longa. Stylus ad 7 mm. longus, fere ad medium

3—4-partitus, glaber; stigmata, oblonga. Capsula 4-locularis, late obovato-

turbinata, 5-6 mm. longa, sepalis persistentibus. Semina funicularia, ad

3 mm. longa, brunnea. C. Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk. I. 370. f. 237,

m-o (1906); Wilson in Plant. Sargent. I. 145 (1913); Bean, Trees a.

Shrubs, II. 136 (1914).

A shrub, up to 2m. high ; the epidermis of the branches

reddish-brown in the first year, then turning dull brown

or greyish, usually still intact in the second year or

peeling off here and there in small flakes. Leaf-blades

rather thin, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate from

a mostly acute base, acutely acuminate, usually with

8-11 gland-tipped teeth on each side, rarely entire, very

variable in size, from a few to 10 (rarely 11) cm. by 2-6

em., generally more than twice as long as wide, deep

green and sparsely hairy or glabrous on the face, paler

and glabrous onthe back except along the nerves and in

the nerve-axils (here sometimes bearded), quintupli-

nerved, network of veins very loose, slightly raised and

whitish on the back in old leaves ; leaf-stalis 6-10 mm.

long. Racemes numerous, 4-6 cm. long, leafy below,

5-10-flowered, loose ; main axis glabrous ; pedicels 4-10

mm. long, clothed’ upwards,§ or the shorter, like the

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TaB. 8942.

RHODODENDRON BAILEYI.

South Trbet.

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE,

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 11.599; Drude in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron Baileyi, Bal/. 7.7m Not. R. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh xi, 23 (1919);

affine R. obovaio, Hook. f., sed foliis maioribus, racemis plurifloris, corolla saturate

purpurea, lobis longioribus late ellipticis I-nerviis distinctum.

Frutex humilis, multiramosus ; rami ad apices uniuscuiusque anni incrementorum

congesti, rigidi, primo dense deinde laxius lepidoti, cinnamomei, I. 5-3.5 mm.

crassi, vetustiores cinerascentes, cortice laminis tenuibus longis soluto.

Gemmae parvae, oblongae, densissime lepidotae. /olia petiolata, sub

anthesi ad ramorum apices congesta, plerumque 7-10; lamina oblonga vel

elliptico-oblonga, basi attenuata, apice obtusa, rotundata vel subemarginata

et mucronulata, foliorum subterminalium 2-4 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata,

coriacea, foliorum inferiorum citius deciduorum tenuior, ad 6.5 em. longa,

2.5 cm. lata, omnia plana vel summa margine paulo recurva, facie atro-

viridia, dorso primo flavido-viridia, deinde pulchre cinnamomea, utrinque

lepidota, squamulis disciformibus facie mox discontiguis dorso maioribus et

semper contiguis vel imbricatis ; petiolus foliorum superiorum circiter 5mm.

longus, foliorum inferiorum ad 12 mm. longus, dense lepidotus. IJnflores-

centiae terminales, racemosae; gemma ovoidea vel subglobosa, ad 7 mm.

longa, squamis late ellipticis obtusis dorso tenuissime argenteo-pubescent-

ibus et parce lepidotis albo-ciliaitis. Racemz sessiles, 5-9-flori, rarius ad

14-flori, rhachi0.5-1.5cm. longa tenuiter albo-pubescente; bracteae oblongae,

ad 8 mm. longae, eodem indumento ac gemmae squamae, mox deciduae ;

pedicelli graciles, 1.5-2.5 cm. longi, versus medium lineari-bracteolati.

Calyx alte 5-fidus, lobis saepe admodum inaequalibus aliis brevissimis aliis ad

3 mm. longis et oblongis viridibus magis minusve rubro-tinctis dense lepidotis.

Corolla tubo cupulari 5-6 mm. longo 4-5 mm. lato, limbo rotato 5-lobo,

extra rubro-purpurea et praeter loborum margines lepidota, intra purpurea,

plerumque in lobis 3 posticis atro-violaceo-maculata, glabra vel ad fauces

sparse pilosa; lobi late ovato-elliptici, obtusissimi, 8-12 mm. longi, nervo

percurrente unico. Stamina 10; filamenta subaequalia, purpurea, 3 pos-

teriora praeter basin alte albo-villosa, caetera inferne brevi spatio tantum

albo-villosa; antherae aurantiacae, 2.5 mm. longae. Discus annularis,

viridis. Ovarium late conicum, flavo-viride, densissime lepidotum. Stylus

crassiusculus, deflexus, ruber, 4-5 mm. longus, glaber; stigma disciforme.

Capsula ovoideo-oblonga vel subeylindrica, 7 mm., longa, lepidoto-furfuracea.

Semina oblonga, 0. 75-0.9 mm. longa, exalata, pallide brunnea.

A small shrub, in cultivation up to 1 m. high ; branches

crowded at the top of each year’s growth, rigid, the

flowering mostly 10-12 cm. long and 1.5-3.5 mm. thick,

cinnamon-coloured, covered with a scurf of circular

scales which are contiguous in the younger parts, but

separate as the branches lengthen and finally disinte-

grate more or less, exposing the brightly coloured bark ;

older branches up to 9 mm. thick, their bark greyish,

peeling off in long thin flakes. Foliage-buds small,

oblong, contiguously scurfy, or the inner bud-scales

loosely scurfy when full-grown, otherwise glabrous,

outer bud-scales short, ovate, inner at length carried up

on the branch, narrowly oblong, up to 6 mm. long,

persistent for some time. Leaves stalked, at the time of

flowering, mostly 7-10, crowded at the end of last year’s

growth which bears below the distant scars of 5-7 fallen

leaves; blades oblong to elliptic- or obovate-oblong,

gradually narrowed into the stalk, blunt, rounded or

slightly notched at the tip, which ends usually in a hard

point, those of the subterminal leaves 2-4 cm. by 1-2 cm.,

coriaceous, those of the lower leaves of the growing

shoots up to 6.5 cm. by 2.5 cm. and more thinly coria-

ceous, all flat or slightly recurved along the margins

when old, face dark green with a fine discontinuous

greyish scurf, back pale yellowish green when young,

then cinnamon- or rust-coloured with permanently con-

tiguous or imbricate circular scales; midrib slightly

impressed on the face and raised on the back, nerves

4-5 on each side, very faint; stalk about 5 mm., or in

the largest leaves of the young shoots, up to 12 cm. long,

densely scurfy. Inflorescence terminal, racemose; bud

ovoid to subglobose, up to 7 mm. long before unfolding ;

scales broad-elliptic, obtuse, with a very finely silvery

down on the back, the outer with scattered scales and a

fringe of white hairs. Raceme sessile, 5-9- rarely to 16-,

flowered; spindle 0.5-1.5 cm. long, finely downy and

sparingly scurfy; bracts oblong, up to 8 mm. long,

membranous, downy and more or less scurfy and very

softly ciliate, early deciduous, leaving very conspicuous

crescent-shaped scars ; pedicels slender, 1.5-2.5 cm. long,

with a bracteole at or near the middle, often red, scurfy,

otherwise glabrous; bracteoles early deciduous, linear,

very thinly membranous, hairy like the bracts. lower-

bud broadly obovoid, to 14 mm. long before opening.

Calyx deeply 5-cleft, lobes often very unequal, some or

all but one reduced to short teeth, the others linear-

oblong, up to 3 mm. long, more or less blunt, green,

frequently tinged with red or altogether red, scurty,

the longest with some hairs near the tip. Corolla with

a short cup-shaped tube about 5-6 mm. long and 4-5 mm.

wide at the middle, and with a rotate almost regular

5-lobed limb, 3 cm. across, red-purple outside, violet-

purple inside, paler in the throat and with darker spots

on the upper 3 lobes, more rarely on all or only on the

uppermost lobe, the tube and the base and middle of the

lobes covered with yellowish or greenish scales on the

outside, glabrous within or the throat finely and sparsely

hairy ; lobes broad, ovate-elliptic, very blunt, 8-12 mm.

by 8-10 mm., mid-nerve running through to the tip,

side-nerves (1 on each side) shorter, faint, curving and

branching outward from the base. Stamens 10; filaments

of almost equal length, 8-10 mm. long, purple, glabrous

at the base, then white-villous, either for a _ short

distance only (the anterior and lateral) or up to § of

their length or almost to the anther (the posterior) ;

anthers oblong, 2.5 mm. long, orange-brown. Disc a

slightly 5-lobed green ring. Ovary broadly cone-shaped,

truncate, grooved, yellowish-green, densely scaly ; style

curved down and forward, stout, red, widened below the

flat disc-shaped stigma, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous. Capsule

ovoid-oblong or almost cylindrical when dehisced, about

7 mm, by 3.5-4 mm., dull brown, scurfy ; valves blunt.

Seeds oblong, 0.75-0.9 mm. long, wingless, with an

obscure crest at the upper end.

DIsTRIBUTION.—South Tibet, Upper Nyamjang Valley

{about 28° N. lat. 92° E. long.), at 3,050-3,250 m.,

f. M. Bailey, 5.

The species figured here belongs to the “ Lepidotum

series,’ a group of rhododendrons inhabiting the eastern

Himalaya and the high mountain ranges of western

Yunnan and mostly confined to altitudes between 2,700

and 4,500 m. It was discovered by Capt. F. M. Bailey

in 1913 on his journey to the upper reaches of the Tsangpo

river when on his return he passed through the valley

of Nyamjang, close to the north-eastern frontier of

Bootan. Capt. Bailey preserved no specimens, but

communicated seeds of this as of other rhododendrons

to the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, whence

distribution was made to other gardens. The specimen

from which the plate was prepared was grown in the

garden of Dame Alice Godman at Horsham, but ample

material for comparison was also received from Mr,

J. C. Williams, Caerhays Castle, Cornwall, and Mr. H.

Armytage-Moore, Roswallen, Co. Down. Mr. Williams’s

specimens were particularly valuable, as it was mainly

from his plant that Sir I. B. Balfour described the species.

fh. Baileyt seems to be perfectly hardy in this country,

and in Cornwall, Mr. Williams writes, it has stood the

severe drought of the last summer better than any

other rhododendron, even away from shade. It closely

resembles A. lepidotum, but has a more bushy top borne

on slender stems, larger leaves and more brightly coloured

flowers. The dark spots of the corolla are mostly con-

fined to the three posterior lobes, but in Mr. Williams’s

specimens corollas occurred with spots on all five lobes

or, on the other hand, only on one lobe. The extent of

the villosity of the filaments varies in a similar way but

is always more marked in the posterior ones. Sir I. B.

Balfour lays some stress on the number of flowers in

each raceme, putting it at about 16. I have never seen

so many; but there were generally several arrested

flower-buds among the perfect flowers so that under

favourable conditions a considerable wealth of flowers

may be expected. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, bud of an inflorescence, nat. size ;

3, scurf on the back of a leaf x 40; 4, seurf on the face of a leaf, x 40; 5,a

corolla cut open and flattened out, nat. size ; 6, posticous stamen, X 5; anticous.

stamen, X 5; 8, calyx with dise and pistil, the front part of the calyx cut away,

xX 5; 9, fruit, x 2; 10, seed, x 40. Figs. 2, 5, 9 and 10 from Mr. Williams’s

specimens, the rest from those communicated by Dame A. Godman.

A Kellet. del. LS nelling. lith

TAB. 8943.

BULBOPHYLLUM TRISTE.

India.

ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe EPIDENDREAE.

BULBOPHYLLUM, Thou.; Benth. d& Hook. f., Gen. Pl. III. 501; Pfitzer in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Planzenf. II. 6. 178 (Bolbophyllum).

Bulbophyllum triste, Reich. f. in Walp. Ann. VI. 253 (1861) et 2n Hamburg.

Garten-u. Blumenzett. 1865, 303 et in Saund., Re/. Bot. Il. t. 117 (1882); affine

B. denstfloro, Rolfe, sed pseudobulbis depressis, foliis oblongis, floribus plerumque

minoribus luride purpureis distinctum.

Herba epiphytica, heteroclada; pseudobulbi in rhizomate ramoso arcte approxi-

mati, depressi, cepiformes, ad 1.8 diametro, prasini, /'ol‘a sub anthesi

saepe nulla, postea 2-na, cataphyllis 2-3 vaginiformibus oblique truncatis

acutisque brevibus praemissis; laminae oblongo-lanceolatae vel oblongae,

breviter acutae, circiter 8 cm. longae, 1.5-1.8 em. latae, laete virides,

molliter carnosulae. Racemus spiciformis, magis minusve densus, nutans,

2-3 cm. longus, ad 1 cm. diametro; pedunculus gracilis, vix 12 cm. altior,

prope pseudobulbum ortus, squamis 3-4 circiter 5 mm. longis distantibus

fuscis praeditus ; “ bracteae lanceolatae, tenuiter acuminatae, 2—1.5 mm.

longae, scariosae; pedicelli 1 mm. longi. Recepiaculum circiter pedicello

aequilongum. Sepalum medianum longum, concavum, roseo-purpureum ;

lateralia acroscopica, approximata, per tertias superiores secundum margines

interiores cohaerentia, oblonga, obtusa, valde concava, olivaceo-brunnea,

leviter purpureo-suffusa, ad 4.5mm. longa. Petala lateralia oblique ovata,

acuta, sepalo mediano similia, sed breviora. Labellum cum columnae pede

articulatum, explanatum e basi cordata late ovatum, obtusum, in flore vivo

basi subplicatum, apice leviter recurvum, crasse carnosum, atro-purpureum,

2.5 mm. longum. Columna brevis, trigona, pallida infra rubro-punctata,

in pedem incurvum linearem contracta; auriculi angusti triangulares,

acuminati, erecti. Anthera apice purpureo-papillosa. Hook. f., Brit. Ind.

V. 768 (1890), King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta VIII. 73 t. 98 (1898). B.

micranthum, Hook. f. 1. c. et in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2048 (1890). B.alopecurum,

Reichenb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1880, II. 70.

An epiphytic herb with a much-branched freely-rooting

rhizome and crowded depressed onion-shaped pseudo-

bulbs, up to 18 mm. in diameter, leek-green, often partly

whitish owing to the drying up of the old epidermis.

Leaves mostly in pairs, maturing after flowering, sheathed

below by 2-8 short obliquely truncate cataphylls ;

blades oblong, somewhat narrowed at the base, shortly

pointed at the tips, up to 8 cm. by 1.5 cm., softly fleshy,

but rather thin, green. Racemés spike-like, more or less

dense, 2-3 cm. long and | cm. in diameter, nodding on

slender erect peduncles which arise by the base of pseudo-

bulbs, are up to 12 cm. high and bear 3 or 4 distant

acute sheathing scales, brown and about 5 mm. long ;

bracts lanceolate, tapering to a slender point, dry and

membranous, 2-1.5mm.long. Receptacle about as long as

the pedicel, obconical. Sepals very unequal, the median

broad-ovate, pointed, concave, 2.5 mm. long, purple

or rose-purple, the lateral directed towards the top of

the raceme, close, free at their base, then cohering along

their contiguous margins for three-quarters of their

length, very concave, oblong, obtuse, 4-4.5 mm. long,

olive-brown and slightly tinted with purple. Petals very

similar to the median sepal, but much smaller and

slightly oblique. Lp jointed on the foot of the column,

stout, fleshy, concave or grooved on the face up to the

flat broad and slightly recurved tip, blackish-purple on

the face, tinted with yellow on the back and the margin,

broad-ovate from a cordate base when flattened out.

Column short, trigonous, pale red-spotted at the base

and there produced into an incurved linear foot ; auricles

narrowly triangular, acuminate, erect. Anther with minute

purple papillae atthe top; pollinia globose, bright yellow.

DistrRiIBuTION. India, from Sikkim through the

Khasia Hillsto Lower Burma. Sikkim, inthe valley of the

Testa, at 450 m., Pantling, 129; Khasia Hills, without

precise locality, Thomas Lobb (the original specimen),

Lt. Wilvamson ; Lower Burma, Pegu, mountains east of

Toungoo, Parish, 207.

The subject of this plate is a specimen in the collection

at Kew, received from Darjeeling at some time previous

to 1914. No date, number or contributor’s name is

given, but it is not improbable that it was sent by Mr.

R. Pantling, who from 1882-1910 lived on the Government

Cinchona Plantation at Mungpoo, near Darjeeling, and in

1893 discovered the plant in the Testa Valley below

Darjeeling. A sample of this collecting was distributed

from Calcutta five years later as a corollary to the

description and figure published by King and Pantling

in the Annals of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. This

is of some importance, because the figure, a reproduction

of a water-colour-drawing by Pantling, is rather crude,

and might suggest an error in identification ; the speci-

mens, however, leave no doubt as to its identity with

the original of B. triste, an introduction of Thomas

Lobb’s from the Khasia Hills, dating probably back to

the fifties. Sir J. D. Hooker queried the Khasia locality

in Lindley’s Herbarium and in the general collection

at Kew, and in Flora of British India he quoted Lobb,

along with Parish and Berkeley, as having collected the

plant in Tenasserim; but as Lobb was in the Khasia

Hills early during his second journey to the East and

B. triste was subsequently (about 1870) found there by a

Lieutenant Williamson, a correspondent it seems of P. H.

Gosse, there is no reason to suspect Lindley’s labelling.

Another extension of the area of our Bulbophyllum is

indicated by specimens collected by the Rev. Charles

Parish, British Chaplain at Moulmein, Tenasserim. This

active and acute orchidologist discovered them growing

on a granite rock between Santadeu and Plummadeu on

the route from Toungoo to Nat Toung, a mountain on

the border of the Karen country, on Feb. 1, 1868. He

distributed them as B. corrugatum, Parish, but Reichen-

bach identified them subsequently with his B. triste.

These specimens are supplemented by an excellent

coloured drawing made on the spot. Another drawing

representing the same plant, but from Ta-ok, is dated

January, 1871. I have not been able to trace Ta-ok,

but so much is evident that the southern limit of the

area, aS we know it at present, lies somewhere in Lower

Burma. Hooker also quotes Berkeley as a collector of

our plant. The specimen attributed to him in the Kew

collections is dated 1885 and came probably from the

General’s garden at Bitterne, Southampton. Parish

wrote up all the specimens and drawings referred to

above as B. corrugatum in spite of certain differences in

the size and colour of the flowers and their more or less

dense arrangement, but Hooker saw in them a mixture,

and referred one of the specimens from the granite rock

and the corresponding drawing to B. triste, whilst he

made the other and the Ta-ok drawing the basis of a

new species, B. micranthum (see Hooker’s Icones Plan-

tarum, t. 2048). From my observations on the living

plant figured here I am inclined to consider B. micranthum

as a state of B. triste with looser racemes and slightly

smaller flowers, differences which are probably due to

age, the racemes actually opening out and the sepals

and petals shrinking as the plant is flowering off. JB.

alopecurum of Reichenbach seems to be another synonym

of B. triste. It was very briefly described by Reichenbach

in Gardeners’ Chronicle (1880) from specimens received

by Mr. Stuart Low from Burma, and there is a coloured

drawing of it in Day’s collection at Kew. The latter

resembles so much another drawing prepared at Calcutta

from a plant communicated by Mr. G. Barton Groves, of

Rangoon, in 1885, that it is not unlikely that Low’s and

Groves’s plants came originally from the same source.

The only difference I can see between Bb. alopecurum

and typical B. triste is in the more purple and plumper

flowers of the former. |

The affinity of B. triste is clearly with Bb. densiflorum,

a species described by the late Mr. Rolfe in the

Gardeners’ Chronicle (1892, II. 150) and said to be a

native of the eastern Himalaya. So great is the similarity

of its flowers, at least in dry specimens, to those of

robust samples of B. triste that Rolfe, in a note with one

of the specimens, remarks that it may only be a form

of it. However, its oblong pseudobulbs, its lanceolate-

oblong rather than oblong leaves, and the green and

yellow colouring of the flowers, distinguish it suffi-

ciently from B. triste. The sombre colour of the flowers

—hence the epithet trzste—is peculiar, as it is made up

of an almost pure rose-purple in certain parts and a

suffusion of purple on a green and yellow ground in

others. The way in which these colours alternately gain

and lose in prominence, according to the amount of light

they receive, is striking and it baffled the artist for some

time. At Kew B. triste is grown in a pot, but Saunders

says that if placed on a block with some moss attached

to it, and kept in the shade, it soon overruns the block

and blossoms freely. It flowers at Kew early in the

spring and the first leaves begin to push through their

sheathing cataphylls at the same time, or slightly later,

attaining to their full size in July, In its home flowering

sets in a little earlier, but there seems to be a more decided

interval between flowering and leaf-development, which

explains why flowering specimens collected in the field

are always without any traces of leaves. O.S.

Fig. 1, a cluster of pseudobulbs and flowering scapes, nat. size; 2, a young

pseudobulb with fully developed leaves, nat. size; 3, a flower in its position in

the drooping raceme, X 8; 4, a flower with one lateral and half a medium sepal

and a petal cut away, <8; 5, lip pressed flat and seen from the back, x8; 6,

column and anther seen from the back, X8; 7, anther with pollinia, x 30.

yet LIBRARY

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Pages G.Witherby, London,

MoSmith-del. Ls nelling. lith

Tas. 8944.

SYMPHYTUM GRANDIFLORUM.

Caucasus.

BORAGINACEAE. Tribe ERITRICHIEAE.

SympuHytum, Linn. ; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 854; Giircke in Engl. &

Pranil., Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 3 a. 112; Bucknall tn Journ. Linn. Soc, XI,

491-585.

Symphytum grandiflorum, DC., Prodr. X. 40 (1846); affine S. cordato,

Waldst. & Kit., sed humile, foliis multo minoribus basi rotundatis rarius sub-

cordatis magis asperis, ramis sterlibus decumbentibus, calycibus minoribus

dentibus a basi subulato-linearibus distinctum.

Herba perennis, caespitosa, ad 20 cm. alta; rhizoma intricatim multiramosum,

ramos steriles decumbentes radicantesque et 1-2 florentes e basi ascendentes

emittens. Caulis simplex vel rarius parce ramosus, retrorsum strigillosus

vel superne hispidus. Folia ovata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, breviter

acuminata, caulium floriferorum 4 cm. vix excedentia, sterilium multo

maiora, deinde ad 18 cm. longa, ad 7 cm. lata, supra breviter strigillosa,

dorso hirsutiuscula; petioli caulium floriferorum raro ad 3 cm. longa,

superiorum brevia, sterilium ad 18 ecm. longa. Cincinni saepe 2, basi foliis

2 sessilibus vel subsessilibus suffulti, ebracteati, post anthesin ad 5-7 cm.

elongati; pedicelli brevissimi vel ad 7 mm. longi, hispiduli. Calyx 4-5 mm.

longus, alte 5-fidus, lobis lineari-subulatis strigilloso-ciliatis. Corolla

tubulosa limbo porrecto brevissimo, 12-20 mm. longa, glabra, in alabastro

apice rubra, aperta pallide lutescens; tubi pars suprastaminalis sub-

campanulata, 4-6 mm. diametro, fornicibus linearibus 3 mm. longis inclusis,

lobis limbi perlatis, vix 15 mm. longis. Ftlamenta antheris paulo breviores.

Stylus demum exsertus et ad 16-22 mm. longus. Nuculae ovoideae, sub-

acutae, fere 3 mm. longae. Ledeb., Fl. Ross. IIT. 116 (1846-51); Boiss,

Fl. Or. IV. 172 (1879); Wocke in Gartenwelt, VII. 292 (1903); Kussnez.

in Act. Hort. Petrop. 1910, 45, f. 12; Bucknall in Journ. Linn. Soc. XLI.

548 (1913). S. cordatum, M. Bieb., Fl. Taur. Cauc. I. 130 (1808), non Waldst.

& Kit.; S. chericum, Stev. in litt. ex M. Bieb. l.c. III. 647 (1819) et in

Mosc. Nat. Bull., XXIV. 579 (1851).

-A perennial herb, growing in large tufts, up to 15 or

20 cm. high, with intricate branched underground-stems

which at the beginning of the year throw up 1 or 2

flowering and several barren branches from their ends ;

the barren shoots becoming decumbent as they elongate,

rooting and during the summer forming tufts of large

leaves at their tips, whilst their lower portions become

drawn into the ground, adding thus to the underground

growth; flowering stems erect from an ascending base,

mostly simple, retrorsely strigose or hispid higher up.

Leaves stalked or the upper almost sessile ; blades ovate

from a rounded or slightly cordate or more rarely

suddenly constricted and wedge-shaped base, shortly

seek eéianl

OF THE

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Tas. 8945.

PHELLODENDRON LAVALLEL.

Japan.

RUTACEAE. Tribe TODDALIEAE.

PHELLODENDRON, Rupr. in Bull. Phys. Math. Petersb. XV. 353 (1853); Benth.

d& Hook. f., Gen. Pl. I. 301; Hngl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 4. 175.

Phellodendron Lavallei, Dode in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 648 (1909);

arcte affine P. sachalinenst, Sarg., et P. amurenst, Rupr., sed ab utroque foliolis

in dorso ad costam nervosque primo dense deinde laxe albo-pilosis, ab hoc prae-

terea foliolis paulo maioribus ovato-lanceolatis distinctum.,

Arbor dioica; truncorum vetustorum cortex nigricans, asper, strato exteriore

tenui suberoso. Folia plerumque impari-pinnata, pinnis 7-11; rhachis

pedunculo incluso 10-20 cm. longa, subteres, glabra vel subglabra ; foliola

ovato-lanceolata, acute acuminata, obsolete crenulata, inferiora 4-7 cm.

longa, 2-5 em. lata, superiora ad 12 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, dorso ad costam

nervosque albo-pilosa, ad marginem tenuiter albo-ciliata, pilis primo densis

tandem laxioribus; petioluli breves nisi terminalis interdum 2 cm. longus

vel longior. Panicula subcorymbosa, ad 6 cm. alta, ad 8 cm. diametro,

pedunculo glabro 5-8 cm. longo: rami, ramuli, pedicelli rufo-puberuli ;

ecymae congestae. Calyx rufo-puberulus, segmentis 5 ovato-lanceolatis 1mm.

longis. Petala virescentia, oblonga, 3.5 mm. longa, intra albo-pilosa.

Stamina in flore J antheris exsertis, filamentis basin versus pilosulis ; in flore

2 ad staminodia brevia reducta. Pstzllum in flore 3 ad carpella 5 basi

connata dense albo-pilosa sterilia reductum ; in flore 9 ellipsoideum, 5-6-

loculare, glabrum, glandulosum, stigmate subsessili discoideo. Drupa

globosa, nigra, ad 1 em. diametro; pyrenae 5 vel abortu pauciores, endo-

carpio tenuiter crustaceo. Semina oblique ovoidea, 4-5 mm. longa, testa

erustacea atra foveolata. P.amurense var. Lavallet, Sprague in Kew Bull,

1920, 235.

A deciduous tree with obliquely spreading branches

and rather short, stout, crowded branchlets, forming a

wide crown; bark (of trees 20-25 years old) sooty-grey

to almost black, with longitudinal cracks, corky to a

depth of 3-5 mm., areas between the cracks more or less

fissured from the edges and at a right angle to them,

rough, but not reticulate ; young branches as first chest-

nut- to vellowish-brown, lenticellate, then turning dark-

grey and cracking from the lenticels. Winterbuds

silvery-siky or purplish-silky whilst concealed in the

bases of the leaf-stalks, then’ rusty-pubescent. Leaves

deciduous, opposite, unevenly (rarely evenly) pinnate,

with 3-5, rarely more, pairs of opposite leaflets ; rhachis,

including the leaf-stalk, which is 4-9 cm. long, almost

round, glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs; leaflets

ovate-lanceolate from an unequal rounded or shortly acute,

or the terminal from a wedge-shaped-base, tapering to

an acute and mostly slender acumen, obscurely and

minutely crenulate with a pellucid water-gland in each

notch, the lowest pair 4-7 cm. by 2-5 cm., the following

gradually longer, to 12 cm. by 4 cm., dark green on the

face, paler and almost glaucous on the back, turning

yellow in the autumn, with soft white hairs on the back

along the midrib, particularly near the base, and on the

nerves and margins, the hairs of the unfolding leaves

often so dense as to form silvery lines, at length loose ;

lateral nerves about 10-12 on each side, very slender,

veins delicately netted; stalks of the lateral leaflets

very short, of the terminal from a few to 20 mm. long.

Pamcles almost corymbose, upto 6cm. long andto8 cm.

across, borne on glabrous peduncles 5-6 cm. or ultimately

up to 8 cm. long, more or less pendulous when fruiting ;

axes rusty-puberulous or almost glabrous downwards ;

lowest branches undivided up to 3 or 4 cm., then, like the

upper, bearing the flowers in rather crowded cymes ;

bracts minute or obsolete ; pedicels very short in flower,

at length 3-5 mm. long and rather stout. Male: Calyx

5-cleft, rusty-puberulous; segments ovate-lanceolate,

acute, not much over 1 mm. long. Petals slightly

imbricate in bud, obliquely erect in the open flower,

oblong, blunt, almost boat-shaped, about 3.5 mm. long,

yellowish-green, glabrous on the back, hairy to almost

villous on the face along the midrib. Stamens shortly

exserted ; filaments hairy towards the base, 4 mm. long ;

anthers almost 2 mm. long. Ovary barren, of 5-6 down-

wards united carpels, densely tomentose with the excep-

tion of the rudimentary styles. Female: Calyx and

petals very similar to those of the d flower, but the

latter more green on the back with inflexed tips. Stamens

reduced to staminodes not much over 1 mm. long with

rudimentary anthers. Ovary more or less _ ellipsoid,

5-6 celled, glandular, green, drying black; stigma sub-

sessile, discoid, obscurely 5-6 lobed, brownish-red. Ovule

1 in each cell, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit a globose

drupe, up to 10 mm. in diameter; black, glossy ; flesh

adhering to the stones, black, juicy, very aromatic ;

stones 5 or fewer by abortion, attached to a woody

persistent central columella; the stone-shells crustaceous,

thin, pellucid, at length splitting into 2 valves. Seed

obliquely ovate in outline, laterally somewhat com-

pressed, rounded at the base, 4-5 mm. by 3 mm. ; seed-

coat crustaceous, pitted, black; hilum filiform, de-

pressed. Hmbryo erect, surrounded by a thin layer oi

fleshy albumen.

DISTRIBUTION.—Japan ; Hondo, in subalpine woods

in the province Rikuchu (Nambu), Tschonoski, a. 1865,

and no doubt in other places.

For a long time only two species were recognized in

the genus Phellodendron, namely P. amurense, Rupr.

(1853) from the Amur, and P. japonicum, Max. (1871)

from Central Japan; but in 1909 M. Dode, in his revision

of the genus, proposed seven species, two of them segre-

gates of P. amurense and three new additions from

Central China. The plant figured here represents one of

those segregates. It was discovered by Maximowicz’s

native collector, Tschonoski, in the subalpine woods of

the province Rikuchu, in north-eastern Hondo, in 1865.

Karly in the following year seeds of a ‘“‘ Phellodendron

nov. spec.” collected by Tschonoski in 1865 were distri-

buted from Petrograd, and it is very probable that they

were of the same origin. This would fix 1865 or 1866

as the date of the introduction of P. Lavallei into

European gardens. It became, however, almost at

once merged in P. amurense, under which name Tscho-

noski’s herbarium specimens were distributed, and as the

genuine P. amurense had been brought to Europe only

nine years before, it is now very difficult to trace the

history of our plant. Dode described P. Lavallec from

a tree in Lavallée’s arboretum at Segrez (Seine et Oise).

This may be the one enumerated as P. amurense in the

Catalogue of the Arboretum of 1877 and noted by Sir

Joseph Hooker in the Kew copy of the Catalogue as

having been received from Van Volxen in 1873. The

earliest British records are those of a tree grown at Kew

in 1881, but no longer existing, with the label and the

name ‘‘ Regel 137, P. japonicum,” and of another in

Smith’s nursery in Worcester in 1882. The Arnold

Arboretum appears to have raised P. Lavallei from seed.

ceceived from Segrez in 1879. The tree which supplied

the material for the present plate stands near the western

wing of Cambridge Cottage, in the Royal Botanic

Gardens at Kew, and is considered to have come from

the Arnold Arboretum. It is 20-25 years old and about

9 m. high, with a girth of over 50 cm. at breast height.

P. Lavallei is one of the two proposed segregates

from P. amurense, the other being P. sachalinense, Sarg.

Their taxonomic status is debatable. To me they seem

to represent fixed genetic units, different enough to be

treated as species, and Mr. E. Wilson, who had recently

an opportunity of studying them in their home, assures

me that P. Lavallec has there all the appearance of a

distinct species. Mr. Sprague, on the other hand, in

a paper in the Kew Bulletin of 1920, treats P. Lavaller

and P. sachalinense as “ varieties’? of P. amurense.

The tree at Kew yields an abundance of fruit with well

developed seeds, although there is no male P. Lavaller

in the Gardens, and its distance from the males of other

species of Phellodendron is very considerable. The

seedlings which have sprung up from last year’s crop

have still (August, 1922) their juvenile 3-foliolate leaves,

which, in contrast with the leaves of the adult tree, are

almost entirely glabrous. P. Lavalle: is perfectly hardy

at Kew and will no doubt thrive generally in this

country, as it and P. amurense and P. sachalinense do on

the Continent. The tree is worth a trial, as its handsome

appearance, its fine foliage, which turns to a rich golden

yellow in the autumn, and its abundance of grape-like

fruit recommend it equally for park and roadside.

Writers on the flora of Japan have repeatedly referred

to “ P. amurense”’ as a tree of considerable height and

useful for timber and the preparation of cork and a

yellow dye. As this “ P. amurense”’ includes P. Lavallez,

there is little doubt that those references apply at least

in part to our tree. O.S.

Fig. 1, fruiting branch, nat. size; 2, a leaflet, back view, nat. size; 3, part

of a leaflet with glands in the notches of the margin, x3; 4, part of a male in-

florescence, nat. size; 5, male flower, x6; 6, part of a female inflorescence,

mat. size; 7, female ogee x6;. 8, fruit, x2; 9, seed, <4... Figs. € and 3S

from a herbarium specimen collected by Tschonoski.

THE LIBRARY

OF tHE

MIVERSITY AF NLISOIS

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London

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L Snelling: del.et lith

Tab. 8946.

RHODODENDRON SULFUREUM.

South-west China.

~_—

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE.

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 599; Drude in Engl

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron sulfureum, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIV. 283

(1887); affine R. megerato, Balf. f., sed foliis maioribus margine glabris, floribus

umbellatis, calyce minore fere ad basin diviso, corollae lobis minoribus dis-

tinctum; etiam cum R. brachyantho, Franch., comparandum a quo vero foliis

maioribus dense glandulosis, corollae aureae limbo subrotato maiore differt.

Frutex 6-12 dm. altus, ramis tortuosis vel strictis, imcremento annuo ad 10 cm.

longo, glabris, hornotinis primo viridibus atro-rubro- vel rubro-lepidotis

deinde brunnescentibus tandem cinerascentibus, cortice squamis tenuibus

albidis soluto. Gemmae oblongae, subacutae, 8-10 mm. longae, squamis

exterioribus 8-10 late ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis obtusis dorso subcoriaceis

lepidotis margine minute ciliolatis. Folia petiolata, cum floribus coétanea ;

lamina elliptica, utrinque subobtusa, apiculo duro, 4-7 cm. longa, 2°5-3°5 cm.

lata, coriacea, margine leviter recurva, supra viridis, elepidota, infra glauca,

squamulis numerosis vineis vel succineis 0°2 mm. diametro metientibus

in epidermate glauco papillis albidis cereis compacte induto fere immersis,

costa supra tenui subtus crassiuscula prominente, nervis utrinque 7-8

tenuibus ; petiolus crassus, teres, 7-12 mm. longus, dense lepidotus, caeterum

glaber vel raro laxe breviter pilosus. IJnflorescentiae gemma globoso-

obovoidea, 2°5 cm. longa, ad 2cm.diametro; squamae numerosae, rotundato-

ovoideae, obtusae vel obtusissimae, mucronulatae, longiores 10-14 mm.

longae et ad 12 mm. latae, papyraceae, dense niveo-ciliatae, viridi-flavae,

ad margines apicesque magis minusve rubrae, lepidotae, per anthesin diu

persistentes, sed ante eam peractam deciduae. Flores 5-8, umbellatim

congesti; bracteae filiformes, 6 mm. longae, laxe albo-sericeae ; pedicelli

inaeguales, ad 18 cm. longae, lepidoto-verrucosi. Calyx fere ad basin

5-sectus; sepala oblongo-vel obovato-elliptica, obtusa, 3°5-5°5 mm. longa,

membranacea, flavo-viridia, rubro- vel succineo-lepidota, margine laxe

fimbriata vel nuda. Corolla aurea, extra magis minusve lepidota, sub-

campanulata, limbo fere rotato; tubus latus, circiter 7 mm. longus, basi

5 mm., ore ad 10 mm. diametro; lobi suborbiculares, 8-10 mm. longi,

posteriores parce punctati vel uticaeteri unicolores. Stamina 10; filamenta

subaequalia, ad 8 mm. longa, basi per 2-2°5 mm. albo-sericeo-pilosa; antherae

late oblongae, 3mm. longae, ferrugineae. Discus annularis. viridis. Ovarvum

ovoideum vel ellipsoiaeum, 5-loculare, densissime succineo-lepidotum,

squamulis crassiusculis. Stylus antrorsum decurvatus, crassiusculus, 6 mm.

longus, basi parce lepidotus. Capsula ovoidea, 8-10 mm. longa, 5-valvata.

Forrest in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. VIT. 66, 210 (1912) et 393 (1913) ; Millais,

Rhodod. 100, 249 (1917).

A low shrub with glabrous branches which are green

when young and like most parts of the plant studded

with dark-red or amber-coloured sessile glands. ‘The

leaf-buds are oblong, more or less acute and 8-10 mm.

long and have blunt minutely ciliate outer scales. ‘The

leaves which are fully developed at the time of flowering

are born on stout densely glandular and sometimes

hairy stalks, 7-10 mm. in length; their blades are ellip-

tic, blunt with a hard peg-like terminal water-gland and

measure 4-7 cm. by 2°5-3°5 cm., they are leathery with

recurved margins and their upper and lower sides con-

trast much in colour and covering, the upper side being

dark green and devoid of glands and papillae, whilst

the lower side is whitish-glaucous with a compact layer

of white waxy papillae in which the numerous glands

are more or less immersed. The umbel-shaped 5-8-

flowered inflorescences arise from globose to inversely

ovoid buds, 2°5 cm. long, whose numerous scales drop

tardily from the very short and stout axis leaving it

completely covered with their scars, the scales being

rounded or ovate, very blunt and 10-14 mm. long and

almost as wide, of papery consistence and yellowish-

green with a showy fringe of snow-white cilia; the

flower-stalks are up to 18 mm. long and have filiform

loosely silky bracts at their bases. The calyx is 5-cleft

almost to the base, its segments being more or less

elliptic, 3°5-5°5 mm. long, membranous and yellowish-

ereen with bare or loosely fimbriate margins. The

corolla is bright yellow and shortly bell-shaped in its

tubular portion whilst the limb is flat and wide, measuring

2°5-3 cm. in diameter, its lobes are almost orbicular and

the posterior frequently spotted with red dots. There

are 10 stamens, all with silvery hairs at the base of their

filaments which are up to 8 mm. long; the anthers are

rust-coloured. The ovary is surrounded at the base by

a green ring-shaped disc, densely glandular and 5-celled ;

the stout style curves forward and downward. The

capsule is ovoid and 8-10 mm. long, it opens widely with

5 broad-lanceolate valves.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Yunnan, mountains above Tali

from 2,500 to 3,000 m., Delavay 2212 (original), Forrest

4143; Mekong-Salwin divide from 3,000 to 3,300 m.

Forrest 951.

The rich golden yellow of the flowers and the sharply

contrasting colours of the upper and lower sides of the

leaves render this rhododrendon the most charming of

the smaller yellow-flowering species of the genus.

Although introduced into cultivation only quite lately

R. sulfureum has been known to the botanist for over

35 years. It was originally described by Franchet in

1887 from specimens collected by Delavay in the pre-

ceding year. This indefatigable collector discovered it

in flower in April in the bush at the foot of Tsang Shan

above Tali at an elevation of 2,500 m., which is practi-

cally the same locality where in November, 1905, at a

higher elevation (2,700-3,000 m.), Forrest obtained the

seed from which the specimens figured here were raised.

The following year he also found it on the Lu Pa pass in

the Mekong-Salwin divide at a similar altitude. He

describes the habitat as “‘ shady situations on the margins

of pine forests and cane breaks” (Lu Pa pass) and as

‘moist shady ledges of cliffs ’’ (Tali).

Of the species with which Rk. sulfwreum has been con-

trasted above, #. megeratum too occurs on the Mekong-

Salwin divide. But it also extends to the high mountains

between the Mekong and the Yangtse north of Tali

whilst the area of R. brachyanthum coincides with that

of R. sulfurewm. ‘To look for further affinities we have

to turn to the trichocladum-type which is represented by

a group of species characterised by deciduous leaves

which develop after flowering. Of these R. trichocladum

inhabits roughly the same area, but the other members

of the group are confined to the western portion of it

excepting one species which extends to Upper Burma.

R. brachyanthum has been figured in the Botanical

Magazine (see Tab. 8750). It is easily distinguished by

the loosely scattered scale-glands of the leaves and the

more distinctly bell-shaped corollas and their non-rotate

smaller limb. Fig. 1 of the present plate was drawn

from a specimen communicated by Mr. J. C. Williams

of Caerhays Castle, Cornwall, at the end of April of last

year, the remaining figures are from material supplied

by Mr. E. J. P. Magor of St. Tudy, Cornwall, later in the

year. Ordinarily, however, Mr. Magor informs me,

flowering begins in March. The tardiness with which

the scales of the inflorescence-buds fall away in the

cultivated plant (compare Figs. 1 and 2) also manifests

itself in the herbarium specimens at Kew. According

to Mr. Magor and Mr. Williams R. sulfureum is fairly

hardy in Cornwall, although the flowers suffer somewhat

in cold weather. Mr. Magor grows it in the ordinary

soil of his garden, that is, heavy loam with the addition

of some leaf mould and granite gravel. O.S.

Fig. 1, a young inflorescence, nat. size; 2, a fully open inflorescence, nat.

size; 3, a fragment from the back of a leaf, showing the distribution of the seale-

vlands, x 40; 4, asingle scale-gland, x 80; 5, a bract from the base of a flower-

stalk, x4; 6, stamen with anther in front view, <6; 7, anther in back view,

x6; 8, pistil with disc and calyx, x 4.

THE Liprapy

OF THE

BMIVERSITY nig AAMAS

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ae a.

69:

DRE arama: ae

OP wit 6

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London

x G Witherby

Tas. 8947.

EUPHORBIA ANOPLIA.

South Afroca.

EUPHORBIACEAE. Tribe KUPHORBIEAE.

EvurHorsia, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. IIT. 258; Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 5. 103.

Euphorbia anoplia, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis Z. Morinit, Berger, et L. polygonae,

Hort., sed plane inermis costis crasse dentatis et cyathiis sessilibus. Ila prae-

terea differt caulibus parce patule ramosis, costis 1 em. tantum latis, cyathiis

4 mm. diametro, involucri lobis fimbriatis; haee caule validiore, costis 10-13

latioribus.

Planta cereiformis, dioica, ad 18 cm. alta. Caules e basi solo tecta fasciculati ;

primarius circiter 5 cm. diametro, 5-9-costatus, obscure viridis; costae

subverticales vel leviter tortae, sectione transversali triangulari basi 12-14

mm. lata, lateribus laevibus leviter convexis, sulcis acutis, iugis dentatis

inter dentes subrectis, dentibus breviter pyramidatis induratis acutis sub-

deflexis 4-6 mm. distantibus folia mutata referentibus; caules accessorii

iuniores pro rata crassiores, costis minus altis 5, dentibus magis conspicuis.

Folia iuniora lamellam minutam apiculiformem gerentia, mox mutata, pur-

purascentia. Cymae in apice caulis congestae, in iugis transversae, ad

cyathium perfectum solitarium sessile utrinque rudimento cyathii minuto

stipatum reductae, bracteatae, demum cicatriculas transversas a folio (dente)

subtendente remotas relinquentes; bracteae carnosulae, magis minusve

purpurascentes vel vinoso-purpureae, dorso minute pubescentes, imae

minutae, acutae, superiores 2-4 mm. longae, late ellipticae, obtusae.

Cyathium breviter turbinatum vel fere hemisphaericum, 5-6 mm. altum,

7 mm. diametro. IJnvolucrum utrinque glabrum vel extra minutissime

pubescens flavo-viride nisi superne purpurascens, 5-lobum, 5-glandulosum,

lobis transverse late ellipticis dentatis 1-5 mm. altis 2 mm. latis purpureis

minute pubescentibus, glandulis transverse ellipticis integris carnosulis

diametris 1:5 mm. et ultra 2 mm., atro-purpureis vel hepaticis. Bracteae

intravolucrales numerosissimae, lineares et tenuissime laciniatae vel capil-

lares, villosae, villis intricatis ex involucro subexsertis. Flores 3 pedicellis

bracteas subaequantibus suffulti. F2lamentum ad 1 mm. longum, rubrum ;

anthera 2-loba, 1 mm. lata, ante dehiscentiam aurantiaca, deinde atro-

purpurea; pollen aureum. Flos 2 nullum necquidem rudimentarium.

Cyathium 2 ignotum,

A dioecious “‘cactoid”’ plant with loosely tufted colum-

nar boldly ribbed spineless stems of varying size. Main

stem up to 18 cm. by 5 cm. with 7-9 ribs which are

separated by wide acutely angled grooves and bear

on their narrow crests sharp or, at length, blunted teeth

‘at intervals of 4-6 mm.; the teeth, which are the in-

durated bases of much reduced leaves, are stout,

pyramidal and horizontally spreading or.slightly deflexed ;

the accessory stems are usually very short, relatively

stout and their ribs (5) are less prominent and more

conspicuously toothed. The leaf-blades are only visible

in the more vigorously growing apical portion of the

stem; they are mere awl-shaped points which wither

away early. The cyathia or flower-heads arise in groups

of 3 across the ridges of the ribs on and near the top of

the old stems; of these only the central one of a group

develops while the lateral persist as often very minute

buds. The full-grown cyathia are sessile, more or less

hemispheric and supported by a succession of green to

purple minutely pubescent bracts, increasing in size

upwards ; they are unisexual without a trace of a female

flower in the male. The znvolucre is 5-lobed with 5

fleshy gland-like appendages between the toothed purple

and delicately downy lobes; the glands are transversely

elliptic, entire and blackish-purple and placed almost

horizontally. The whole of the involucre of the male

is packed with numerous fine silky-haired bracts and

male flowers rising from among them. The persistent

pedicels of the latter are 2-3 mm. long and pale yellow,

showing off conspicuously from the short red filaments.

The anthers are rather large and orange-coloured at first,

but shrink and turn dark when they open and expose

the golden-yellow pollen.

The plant which is represented here was communi-

cated to the Editor by the late Mr. Elwes, who stated that

he obtained it from “ the old collection of J. Corderoy,”’

but that its earlier history was unknown. Subsequently

Mr. Elwes with his usual generosity handed the plant

over to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew where it is at

present. There, in the previous year (1920), a plant

obviously specifically identical with Elwes’s had been

received from Mr. Taylor of Southborough, Tunbridge

Wells, who had had it in his possession since 1897 and

believed it to be an undescribed species. Mr. Taylor

writes that he also had other specimens of the same

species from English growers of succulent plants and that

one of those specimens was named E. Morinw. As

#H. Morini was distributed in 1897 or thereabouts by

the firm of Haage and Schmidt of Erfurt, I wrote to

Herrn. F. A. Haage, jun., who kindly informed me that

his firm had #. Morini from “ Rebut, St. Remy de

Provence.” An enquiry directed to that place has up

till now remained unanswered. There can, however, be

no doubt that the plant is of South African origin as it

belongs to a group of euphorbias confined to the southern

parts of Cape Colony. Although the name LH. Moriniw

appeared in F. A. Haage’s Catalogue as early as 1897,

and the species was referred to by A. Berger in the

Monatsschrift for Kakteenkunde in 1902 as belonging to

the group of LH. cereiformis, it was not described until

five years later (see Berger, Sukk. Euph. 98). Unfor-

tunately Berger’s description does not tally with our

plant, and as Herr Berger says that he had the plant

from which he described his H. Morini from Haage and

Schmidt, we must assume either that the species is very

variable or that two species were originally distributed

under the name #. Morinw. Mr. Taylor and. Herr F.

A. Haage, jun., assure me that their specimens of the

“ anoplia’’-type have, during the twenty-five years they

have been under observation, not shown any tendency

to variation in the direction indicated. It seems,

therefore, reasonable to distinguish the present plant as

a distinct species differing from 4. Morinii, as described

by Berger, in its spineless, coarsely toothed, broad-

ribbed stems and sessile flower-heads. I have contrasted

it also with HL. polygona, as it is known in gardens. It

is, however, doubtful whether this is the EH. polygona

which Haworth described in his Miscellanea, 184 (1803),

as a plant with closely set (contigui) spreading black

spines, about 12 mm. long, minute leaves, entirely of

the nature of spines (omnino natura spinarum), solitary

peduncles and involucres with bifid lobes. No specimen

or figure of Haworth’s plant having been preserved the

species remains for the present a “‘ species dubia.”

H. anoplia belongs to a group of cactoid euphorbias

characterized by the extreme reduction of their leaves,

which are moreover not accompanied by stipules, and the

very general presence of spines which morphologically

are modified axes of inflorescences ; hence the name of

the group, Anthacantha. Some of the earliest introduc-

tions of South African euphorbias from the Cape belong

here as EH. cereiformis (1679), EL. mamullaris (1703), EH.

heptagona (1717) and others. The spines of these species

may be barren or they may start as flower-bearing

peduncles, then harden and persist after the fall of the

flowers or fruits. The extent to which a specimen is

armed with such spines varies in certain species, but

without continued observation it is difficult to say how

far gaps in the armature or general scantiness of spines

are due to the casual or zonal suppression of the flowering

axes or to their reduction to sessile flower-heads which

would ultimately disappear without leaving a spine

behind. In some species sessile flower-heads and spines

occur simultaneously. In H. anoplia the latter have

disappeared entirely. In that respect it conforms with

the group of #. meloniformis and H. obesa, but here the

body is so rounded off in all directions as to exclude the

suggestion of close affinity with H. anoplia.

H. anoplia is like its allies, dioecious. So far only

male plants have been observed, but as it produces

accessory stems from the base of the main stem it may

easily be propagated by division. Its treatment is that

of Cape succulents generally. An ample supply of sun-

light is, of course, essential for flowering. O.S.

Fig. 1, whole plant (male), nat. size; 2, flower-head with indurated leaf-base

above it, X4; 3, bracts from the base of the flower-head, flattened out, <3;

4, male flower, surrounded by bracts, X8; 5, same with the innermost bract

(the stamen disjointed) X10: 6, peripheral bract, X10; 7, young male flower

with the anther still closed, x 15; 8, same, older, with the anther dehisced, x 15.

HF s&G.Witherby, London,

nellin g lith

Del MSmith

Tas. 8948.

MALUS TORINGOIDES.

West China.

PomacEak. Tribe SORBEAE.

Maus, Mill.; Koehne, Gatt. d. Pomac.-—Pyrus Subg. Malus, S. F. Gray; Benth.

dé Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 626; Focke in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenjf. III.

By ey

Malus toringoides, Hughes in Kew Bull. 1920, 205; affinis M. transitoriae,

C. Schneider, sed foliis multo maioribus ad 8 cm. longis minus alte lobatis vel

interdum indivisis tandem praeter nervos glabratis, floribus fructibusque

maioribus nec non calycis lobis acumizato- elongatis distincta.

Frutex vel arbor 3-8 m. alta, ramis patentibus subcernuis purpureis vel fuscis

praeter novellas araneoso-villosulas glabris. Folia magnitudine varia;

lamina 3-8 em. longa, 1-4°5 em. lata, ambitu ovata vel elliptico-oblonga, alte

lobata lobis plerumque 2 in utroque latere oblongis crenato-serratis (rarius

indivisa, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata), viridis, subtus pallidior, adulta

ad nervos tantum pubescens, caeterum glabrata; petiolus gracilis, 1-3 cm.

longus, araneoso-villosulus; stipulae lanceolato-subulatae vel filiformes,

petiolo alte adnatae. Jnflorescentiae umbellatim corymbosae, subsessiles,

3-6-florae ; bracteae lanceolato-lineares, 5-10 mm. longae, mox deciduae ;

pedicelli ad 2 cm. longi, laxe villosuli, interdum bracteolati; bracteolae

minutae, filiformes, cito deciduae, ima basi persistente glandulam adumbrante

excepta. Receptaculum globoso-ellipsoideum, 2-3 mm. longum, uti calyx

externus albo-villosulum. Calyctstubus late infundibuliformis, 3 mm. altus,

intra glaber; lobi e basi triangulari elongati, acuminati, 2-3°5 mm. longi,

intra villosi. Petala alba, rotundata, ungue brevi, obtusa, parce crenulata,

9-10 mm. longa, 3-3°5 mm. lata, facie superne pilosula. Stamina circiter 20,

petalis breviora. Stylz 3, ad vel ultra medium connati, glabri, stamina

superantes. Fructus maturus globosus vel obovoideo-globosus, apice de-

pressus, cicatrice annuliformi calycis delapsi notatus, 10-14 mm. diametro,

flavus vel in latere ad solem spectante amoene coccineus. Semina 7-8 mm.

longa, 3 mm. lata. M. transitoria var. toringoides, Rehder in Sargent, PI.

Wilson, IT. 286; Pyrustransitoria var. toringoides, Osborne in Garden 1919,

522 with fig.

A shrub or Roiineetre dey tree Pak aeaiine branches,

the longer of which tend to droop more or less, and with

an ultimately dull brown, sparsely lenticellate bark ; all

the young parts are very finely and whitish woolly, but

sooner or later they shed much of their hairy covering.

The leaves vary much in size, their ovate or elliptic-

oblong mostly deeply lobed blades (occasionally they are

undivided and lanceolate from a narrow base) are dark-

green on the upper and paler on the lower side with

some persistent down on the nerves; the leaf-stalks

frequently bear lanceolate awl-shaped or thread-like

stipules a few mm. above the base. The inflorescences

which are borne on short shoots are almost sessile,

umbel-like and 3-6-flowered; their lanceolate-linear

bracts fall early as do the frequently present minute

bractlets of the flower-stalks which, however, leave their

bases or stalklets behind, these mimicking glands. The

globose or ellipsoid receptacle is like the calyx externally

woolly as the triangular and often elongated lobes are

on their inner face. The petals are roundish with a very

short claw, of a pure white and minutely hairy upwards

on their face. The glabrous styles are united up to the

middle and exceed the 20 stamens only slightly. ‘T’he

mature fruits are globose or almost pear-shaped, measure

10-14 mm. in diameter and are crowned by the annular

scar of the fallen calyx, their colour varying from yeliow

to bright crimson.

DISTRIBUTION.—West China; Szechuan, in the

mountains west of Tachienlu, from 3,000 to 3,600 m.,

Hosie (a. 1904); Wilson, 3494 (seed no. 1730) and 1285.

M. toringoides is confined to a small area in western

Szechuan between Tachien-lu and Batang. The earliest

specimens on record date back to 1904 when, in the

autumn, General-Consul Hosie and E. Wilson collected

them independently in the same tract of country. It

was from this collection of Wilson’s that Messrs. Veitch

& Co. introduced the species into cultivation, and the

tree at Kew from which the present figure was prepared

has the same origin, having been received from them in

1913. The tree is now about 5 m. high; it flowered and

fruited in 1919 when the fruits were drawn, but the

flowers were added only last year. Another tree,

bearing abundant fruit, so Mr. A. Bruce Jackson informs

me, stands in the grounds of the late Mr. Elwes at Coles-

borne.

It is mainly the brilliantly coloured fruits for which

the tree invites cultivation. It has proved quite hardy

at Kew as well as at Colesborne, and will be an orna-

mental addition to any garden where it is likely to enjoy

sufficient sunlight to bring the exquisite colouring of its

small apples to perfection. O.8.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a flower, cut lengthwise with the

petals and some of the anthers removed, x4; 3,apetal, x3; 4, afruiting branch,

nat. size; 5, across section through a ripe fruit, x 2.

THE LIBRARY

OF THE

HIMIVERSITY OF 1LUNDIS

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London

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Tap. 8949.

MANILLARIA FLETCHERIANA.

Peru.

ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe MAXILLARIL[NAE.

MAXILLARIA, Ruiz & Pavon; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 555; Pfizer

in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenj. II. 6, 187.

Maxillaria Fletcheriana, Rolje in Gard. Chron, LIIT, 258 (1918) et in Kew

Bull. 1914, 213; affinis M7. grandiflorae, Lindl., sed scapis robustis grandi-

bracteatis, floris colore, mento longe producto, labii forma et papillarum indumen-

to distincta.

Pseudobulbi e rhizomate circiter 6 mm. crasso cataphyllis brunneis arcte obtecto

orti, 2°5 mm. distantes, ovoideo-oblongi, subcompressi, 3-5 cm. longi. Folia

2 ad pseudobulbi cuiusque basin, | ex eius apice ortum; lamina lineari-

oblonga, breviter, vel vix acuta, basi in petiolum sensim attenuata, ad

24 cm. longa, 4-5°5 cm. lata, subcoriacea, laete viridis; petiolus ad 5 cm.

longus ; vagina valde compressa, petiolum aequans vel longior. Scapi e

basi pseudobulborum orti, 1-flori, robusti, erecti, leviter undulato-flexuosi,

25-35 em. alti, multi-bracteati; bracteae inferne arcte imbricatae, sursum

increscentes, superne earum longitudine distantes, spathiformes, compressae,

oblique lanceolatae, summae ad 7 cm. longae, pallide virides vel margines

versus lutescentes. Flores speciosi; alabastra e latere sublunata, 5-6 cm.

longa, cornu superiore crasso. Mentum lineare, 3 cm. longum, facie flaves-

cens, tenuiter rubro-striolatum. Heceptaculum cum pedicello brevi 5°5 cm.

longum. Sepaia alba vel leviter flavido suffusa imprimis basin versus, facie

tenuiter purpureo-lineata, summum ovatum, acutum, ad 4°5 cm. longum

et 2°5 em. latum, lateralia similia, sed basi antice longe descendentia et ibi

mento adnata. Petala oblique ovato- lanceolata, in galeam conniventia,

apicibus recurvis, 3°5-4 cm. longa, alba, facie eximie purpureo-lineata.

Labellum ultra medium mento incumbens et cum eo quasi pharetram

referens, superne apertum, explanatum, obovato-oblongum, 4°75 cm. longum,

ad 3 em. latum, papilloso-pruinosum, papillis 1-cellularibus globosis, supra

medium callo carnoso e medio orto obovato lato fere 1 cm. longo munitum,

supra eum ita plicatum ut 3-lobum esse videatur, lobo intermedio late

cordato 1:2 cm. longo 1°8 em. lato iterum 3-lobulato, lobulis lateralibus crispis,

centrali partim ita reflexo ut 4-dentatus fiat, luteum, ad utrumque latus

valide purpureo-lineatum vel facie diffuse purpureum, lobis supra aureis.

Columna crassissima, 1:2 em. longa, pallida. Anthera subglobosa, pallide

rubescenti-flava. Pollinia per paria inaequalia, clavata, longiora ad 6 mm.

longa, aurea.

A densely tufted herb of the habit of M. grandiflora,

but more robust in all its parts and up to 40 cm. high,

with ovoid-oblong somewhat compressed pseudo-bulbs

each of which produces 2 leaves from the base and | from

the top. The leaf-blades which are linear-oblong and

shortly pointed pass gradually into the petiole and

measure up to over 20cm. by 5-55 cm. The 1-flowered

scapes rise singly from the bases of the pseudo-bulbs ;

they are erect, but slightly wavy and about as tall as the

leaves and they bear numerous bracts, imbricate below,

but distant by their own iength (up to over 6 cm.) higher

up; these bracts are much compressed, keeled, lanceo-

late, sharply pointed and pale green with yellowish or

whitish margins. The flower-buds are crescent-shaped

with the upper horn stouter and measure just before they

open 5:5 cm. from point to pomt. When completely

unfolded, the sepals are creamy white, or the lateral,

vellow at the base with fine purple lines on the face ;

the upper is ovate and acute, measuring 4°5 cm. by 2°5

cm., the lateral are simiiar, but are produced downwards

to join the chin which is 3 cm. long. The petals arch

over the column in the form of a helmet ; they are white

with well marked purple lines, recurved at their tips and

3°5-4 cm. long. The lip is incumbent on the chin for

more than half its length, forming with it a laterally

open quiver, then opens out and bends forward with a

very crisp and somewhat fleshy margin ; when flattened

out it is obovate-oblong, 4°75 cm. long and 3 cm. wide;

on the outside it is yellow with deep red stripes right and

left, on the inside it is more diffusely purple with a

delicate bloom due to the presence of minute globose

papillae, whilst the front is bright yellow; the latter is

so folded that it appears 3- lobed, the middle lobe, which

is very broad and heart-shaped being slightly lobed again

and toothed with the margin reflexed between the teeth ;

half way down the throat of the quiver rises a fleshy

broad obovate callus with a smooth flat surface. The

column, anthers and pollinia are about as they are in

M. grandiflora.

DISTRIBUTION.-—Southern Peru, Forget.

This is a handsome species with large flowers of a

distinctive colouring. The late Mr. Rolfe compared it

originally with JZ. grandiflora and M. Sanderiana, but

subsequently he placed it next to M. Huebschi. Its

affinity, however, lies clearly with the first species and

also, though more remotely, with M. Lehmann and

M.molidor. It approaches even more closely to a plant

collected by Lehmann on the Rio Pastaza below Banos

in eastern Ecuador and written up by him as M. Schroe-

deriana, and in a later writing, as WW. grandis, Reichh. f.

Of this plant there is, in the Kew collection, an excellent,

partly coloured drawing by Lehmann which differs from

M. Fletcheriana mainly in the absence of the purple lines

on the sepals and in some other, apparently insignificant,

details. The name, WM. Schroederiana, has never been

published and need not be considered. M. grandis, on

the other hand, was described by Reichenbach. The

description being of the most meagre, and there being no

specimen at Kew, J asked Dr. Zahlbruckner for a tracing

of the original in the Reichenbach collection at Vienna,

and he supplied me very courteously with a copy of

Reichenbach’s own sketch and analyses of the plant.

From these it is evident that Lehmann’s plant from the

Rio Pastaza is not the M. grandis of Reichenbach.

Whether it is only a colour variation of MM. Pletcheriana

itis too early to say. However, as the colour patterns of

the maxillarias of the grandiflora-group have so far been

found constant in cultivation, it seems more probable

that Lehmann’s and Forget’s plants are slightly

differentiated, but genetically fixed members of that

eroup which extends through the Andes from Northern

Colombia to near the Bolivian frontier. Messrs. Sanders

inform me that the exact locality where Forget

collected the plant is not ascertainable, but that it was

‘in Southern Peru on the borders of Bolivia, or just

inside the Bolivian boundary.”

The inflorescence which, together with some analyses,

is represented in the present plate was kindly com-

municated by Sir Frederick Moore, when still Keeper of

the Royal Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin. He also

supplied the photograph from which the habit-figure

was drawn. Sir Frederick had the plant from Messrs.

Sander & Sons who introduced it originally. They

flowered it in their establishment at St. Albans in April,

1913, and exhibited it at one of the Royal Horticultural

shows when Mr. Rolfe named it after the Rev. J. C. B.

Fletcher of Nundham Vicarage, Chichester, the well-

known orchid grower. It is undoubtedly one of the

finest species of the genus, quite equal to M. grandvflora

in the robustness and size of the flowers, but perhaps

inferior in colouring as it lacks the exquisitely pure

whiteness of the sepals and petals of the latter. At

Glasnevin the plant is being treated as a stove plant and

erown at the cool end of the intermediate house in a

compost of fibrous peat and sphagnum.

In the differential diagnosis I have referred to the

papillae of the lip. These are unicellular and globose

in M. Pletcherrana giving the surface a “ pruinose ’

appearance, whereas in M. grandiflora and other species,

especially MW. Lehmannii and M. molitor they are many-

celled and form a yellow fur which, by the breaking up

of the papillae into cells, is converted into a powdery

mass resembling an accumulation of pollen. Janse

has studied this phenomenon in M. Lehmannu and

Porsch in other species of Maxillaria, and they have

found that the papillae contain abundant starch and act

evidently as a bait for insects who, visiting the flowers

to feed on the papillae, incidentally effect pollination.

This function is apparently in abeyance in MW. Fletcheriana

as the papillae are reduced to a single cell and destitute

of starch.

Fig. 1, part of a clump of a flowering plant, } nat. size ; 2 flowering scape,

nat. size; 3, fower with petals and sepals removed, nat. size; 4, lip from above,

flattened out, nat. size; 5, column “with anther, nat. size; 6 anther, x3;

7, same with the anther-cap removed, showing the pollinia, x 3.

—!

—

FMIVERSITY fF ILLIMOIS

Pere tit elt

Atkinson.del. LS nelling ly

'& G. Witherby

TAB. 8950.

AMORPHOPHALLUS COFFEATUS.

Rhodesia.

ARACEAE, Tribe AMORPHOPHALLEAE,

AMORPHOPHALLUS, Blume; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 970; Engl. in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 3. 126 et in Pflanzenreich, IV.23 ¢. 61.

Amorphophallus coffeatus, Stapf (sp. nov.),; affinis A. Schwetnfurthi, N. E.

Brown, sed spadicis appendice spathae aequilongo crasso et spathae colore

distinctus.

Herba tubere discoideo ambitu elliptico, diametris 10 cm. et 775 cm. Folium

solitarium, lamina 3-secta, segmentis 30 cm. longis, lateralibus dichotomis

infra et supra dichotomiam uti segmento intermedio pinnatisectis, pinnis

inferioribus parvulis, superioribus ad 12 cm. longis, 2°5 cm. latis, omnibus

oblique lanceolatis acuminatis marg’ne crispulis ; petiolus 45 cm. altus, basi

ad 7°5 em. vaginans. Pedunculus basi cataphyllis mox emarcidis cinctus,

circiter 15 cm. altus, olivaceo-viridis. Spatha 14 cm. longa, basi in tubum

3 cm. longum convoluta, supra late aperta, ovata, 10 cm. lata, breviter

caudato-acuminata, margine crispa, dorso luride viridis, facie inferne

atro-fusca et ore eximie glaucescens, superne coffeata. Spadix spatham

subaequans, basi ad 2 cm. nudus; inflorescentia cylindrica, 6 cm. longa,

parte superiore ¢ 4 cm. longa, 1°5-1:7 cm. diametro atro-purpurea, parte

inferiore 2 2 cm. longa pallida ; appendix subcylindricus, ad 2 cm. diametro,

sublaevis, fere ater, glaucescens. Flores 3: stamina solitaria vel plerumque

2-3-na; filamenta, crassa, magis minusve connata, 3-3°5 mm. longa;

antherae 2-loculares, thecis 1 mm, longis lateraliter apertis. Flores 9: pedi-

cellis rudimentariis ad pulvinulos ellipticos redactis insidentes ;\ ovariwm

late ovoideum, 4mm. longum, imperfecte 2-loculare vel l-loculare ; stigma

sessile, pallide fuscum, alte bifidum, lobis ohovoideis. Ovulum solitarium,

erectum, /ructus ignotus.

A tropical herb with a tuber of the shape of a depressed

disc about 5 cm. thick and concave on the top, which

from its centre produces annually, after a prolonged

resting period, either a solitary leaf or an inflorescence

succeeded by a leaf. The leaf is borne on a stout

brownish green petiole whose base is formed into a tight

sheath, the uniformly fresh green blade is divided into

3 almost equal segments, the lateral of which are forked

whilst the intermediate is 3-cleft, all the divisions being

pinnately dissected with the pinnae increasing in size

upwards and obliquely lanceolate with decurrent wedge-

shaped bases and acuminate or tailed tips. The flowering

spathe rises on a stout stalk of about equal length; it

is contracted at the base into a short tightly closed tube

and is widely open above it, has a crisped edge and ends

in a shortly tailed tip; more or less dull green on the

back, it is of a rich coffee-colour on the face with a strong

bluish bloom towards the tube. The very stout cylin- —

dric spadix or flower-spike equals the spathe in length ;

it is barren, smooth and almost black in the upper half,

whilst the lower fertile half is male in the exserted upper

two-thirds and female in the lower third, the female

portion being slightly wider than the male, quite enclosed

in the tube and very pale brown. The male flowers are

closely packed and reduced to 2 or 3 stamens with their

filaments more or less fused and their anthers opening

by lateral pores. The female flowers are more loosely

arranged and seated on elliptic cushions in the centre of

spirally arranged lozenge-shaped areoles, vertically

separated by wavy ridges, and they consist each of a

pistil only. The ovary is imperfectly 2-celled with a

single basal ovule and crowned by a deeply 2-cleft

sessile stigma. The fruit is unknown.

DISTRIBUTION.—Rhodesia ; Salisbury Division, in

shady moist places near Traveller’s Rest Farm, 1,100-

1,200 m., 7. Wylde.

The plant depicted in this plate was raised from a

tuber communicated to the Royal Botanical Gardens,

Kew, by Mr. Thos. Wylde of Putney, in 1920. He

obtained it, so he informs me, at the Traveller’s Rest

Farm in the neighbourhood of Bindura, Southern

Rhodesia, about 112 kilom. (85 miles) north of Salisbury.

It grows there “in a shady place and requires moist

ground which does not get quite dry in the season from

May to the middle of October and flowers in January.”

At Kew it flowered in February, the interval between

the opening of the spathe and its collapse being about

eight days. During that time the inflorescence emitted

an unpleasant odour which was particularly offensive

the first two or three days. The leaf appeared some

weeks later, but developed very slowly and was not

fully unfolded until August. The plant was grown with

other species of Amorphophallus in a warm range with

a minimum temperature of 15-16 C. (60 F.). When, after

the decay of the leaf, at the end of September, the tuber

was lifted, it showed in the centre the base of the peduncle,

surrounded by the scars of the leaf and of the cataphylls,

and four or five green bosses in their axils, evidently

young leaf-buds, whilst laterally from below the middle

an ascending sucker sprang, over 8 cm. long and 1 cm.

thick. It was white and bore at intervals the delicately

membranous remains of cataphylls and it terminated

with a bud of short fleshy tightly imbricate scales with

the tips of roots emerging from between them. Below

the tuber and still attached to it was the mother-

tuber, reduced to a pulpy mass within a skinny bag.

The formation of suckers on the tubers of aroids is

apparently very rare. Mr. Taylor who is in charge of

the Tropical Department at Kew tells me that he

remembers only one other instance, namely Amorpho-

phallus Kerri. In that case the tip of the sucker

thickened and eventually grew into a tuber similar to

the one from which the tuber had sprung. Normally,

however, the young tuber of this species also forms

directly on the old.

A. coffeatus has been compared above with A.

Schweinfurthii which has much in common with it.

This species is widely distributed throughout tropical

Africa, from the Cameroons to Western Abyssinia and

southwards to Massai land, inhabiting forests as well as

the bush of the steppes. Both are typical members of

the section Hydrosme, one of the more natural groups of

Amorphophallus, a genus which, as Engler has pointed

out, includes not a few heterogeneous elements. Hydrosme

is confined to tropical Africa and comprises, in the sense

of the Pflanzenrenreich, 11 species. O.S.

Fig. 1, a whole plant, about 1/7 nat. size; 2, a pinna of a leaf, nat. size ;

3, an inflorescence, nat. size: 4, the spadix of the same, nat. size; 5, two male

flowers, <6; 6, two female flowers, whole and in longitudinal section, x 6;

7, surface of a part of the female portion of an inflorescence after the removal

of the flowers, showing the cushions (rudimentary pedicels) on which the flowers

were seated, x 5.

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THE LIBRARY

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AIMIVERSITY OF HLIMOIS

S951

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TR en

Tas. 8951.

ECHINOCACTUS UNDULATUS.

Mexico.

CACTACEAE. Tribe ECHINOCACTEAE.

Ecutnocactus, Link & Otto; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 848; K. Schum.

in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 6a, 185.

Echinocactus undulatus, Dvetr. in Allg. Gartenzeit. XII. 187 (1844): arcte

affinis HZ. arringentt, Link ex Dietr., sed aculeorum fasciculis in costis plerumque

singulis, aculeis paucioribus (7-8) longioribus (ad 20-25 mm.), floribus circiter

3.5 em. longis distinctus.

Caulis subglobosus, 6 em. diametro, vertice leviter depresso, atro-viridis, vix

glaucescens, multicostatus, valide armatus; costae 30-60, subvert-

icales, leviter undulatae, compressae, 6-9 mm. altae, 3-mm. crassae vel ad

pulvinulos ad 5 mm. dilatatae; sulci obtusi. Pulvinult in costis

plerumque singuli, primo orbiculares et dense albo-villosi, mox sursum

elongati et calvescentes, tandem 6-7 mm. longi et subglabri. Acuwlez

7-8-ni, interdum pauciores, heteromorphi; 4 inferiores per paria

oblique descendentes, aciculiformes, tenues, 7-10 mm. longi, albi,

3 superiores robustiores, cornei, basi pallidi, superne brunnescentes,

apice saepe rubro-brunnei, inaequales, nempe_ laterales subteretes,

15-20 mm. longi, intermedius magis minusve applanatus, 18-20 mm. longus

et ad 2 mm. latus, centralis si adest horizontalis vel leviter curvatus, 20-25

mm, longus, subteres. Flores pauci in caulis vertice congesti, aperti

obconici, 3°5 cm. longi, ore 2 cm. diametro. Receptaculum basi annulo

villoso cireumdatum, circumcirca in tubum ad 12 mm. altum productum.

Sepala late ovata, acuta vel apiculate, inferiora albida et 4-5 mm. longa

lataque, summa elliptico-oblonga; alba, ad nervum medium violacea, ad

8 mm. longa, sensim in petala abeuntia. Petala anguste oblonga, acuta vel

apiculata, exteriora ad 16 mm. longa, interiora ad 24 mm. longa, 2°5 mm.

lata, sub anthesi apice paulo recurva, pallide rosea, insigniter

violaceo- vel fusco-purpureo-vittata. Stamina petalis multo breviora ;

filamenta 1 ecm. longa; antherae pallidae. Stylus stamina superans ;

stigmata 8, patula, recurva. Fructus ignotus.—Foerster, Handb. Cact. 309

(1846), ed. II. 539 (1885) ; Labourd. Mon. Cact. 217 (1853); Hemsley in

Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. I. 539 (1888); Britten & Rose, Cact. IIT. 117 (1922)

sub Echinofossulocacto crispato. HH. crispatus, Zucc. Plant. nov. v. minus

cogn. ITT. Cact. 612, 727 (1837); Lemaire in Allg. Gartenzeit. VIII. 229 (1840) ;

Foerster, l.c. 312 (1846) ; Hemsley, 1.c. 530 (1888); Nichols. Dict. Gard. I.

499, f. 688 (1885); Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. I. 99, f. 33 (1890); Schum.

Gesammtbeschr. Kakt. 371 (1899); Schelle, Handb. Kakt. 172, f. 102

(1907); non DC. £. multicostatus, Saff. in Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. 1908,

351, t. 4, f. 3, non Hildm.

Stem almost globose, about 6 cm. high and almost as

wide, slightly depressed at the top, dark dull green, with

many more or less vertically descending and wavy ribs

which are much compressed, 6-9 mm. high and 3 mm.

thick, except at the spine-cushions where they are

widened ; ribs 30-60. The spine clusters stand normally

one on each rib and spring from small densely

villous cushions which, when young, are round, but

become soon elongated upwards and lose their hairy

covering. ‘There are usually 6 or 7 radially arranged

spines in a cluster and a central spine standing out

hoiizontally or curved downward; the 4 lower radial

spines resemble fine white fish-bones and are 7-10 mm.

long, whilst the upper 3 are about twice as long, much

stouter and brownish from a pale base, the intermediate

spine being moreover flat and up to 2 mm. wide; the

central spine, if present, is the longest, but resembles

otherwise the lateral upper spines. The sessile flowers

rise in groups of 3 from the top of the stem in close

proximity; they are funnel-shaped, 3.5 cm. long and

measure 2 cm. across their mouth when fully open ;

The receptacle is inserted on a villous ring, whose soft

white hairs surround the carpel-bearing portion, and it is

raised above it as a fleshy funnel-shaped tube. The

sepals are loosely disposed, very broadly ovate to elliptic-

oblong (the uppermost) and finely pointed ; they increase

in size upwards and pass into the petals; the lowest

are whitish to pale brown, the following more or

less violet with pale broad margins. The petals are

narrowly oblong with pointed and slightly recurved tips

and the innermost, of which there are about 10, are about

24 mm. long and 2.5-4 mm. wide; they are white or

pale rose with a broad violet-purple or brownish-purple

band along the mid-nerve. The stamens exceed slightly

the tubular portion of the flower and are themselves

exceeded by the style with its 8-rayed pale yellow stigma.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mexico (see below).

In 1829, A. P. DeCandolle described and figured in his

Revue des Cactées, 37, t. 8, a cactus under the name

Echinocactus crispatus. This species was based entirely

on a drawing in Mocino and Sessé’s Mexican collection.

The drawing has since been lost and there is no dried

specimen of the plant extant, nor is the locality known

where it was observed. DeCandolle’s figure which, for

diagnostic purposes is somewhat crude, shows a slightly

elongated body with about 20 ribs, with the spine-

clusters mostly on the ribs, but partly also in the

grooves, the spines short and brown, the flowers about

2.5 cm. long, with a long narrow tube, almost imbricate

sepals and uniformly purple or white- -edged petals which

spread star-fashion. About the same time cactuses

began to be imported into Europe from the mining

districts of the Mexican State of Hidalgo, particularly

through W. F. von Karwinski, a Bavarian naturalist,

who stayed in Mexico from 1827-1832. Martius named

several of them in the plant list of the Botanic Garden

at Munich for 1829, L. Pfeiffer and Zuccarini adding

descriptions later on. Among these new introductions

was one identified by Zuccarini (1837) with DeCandolle’s

E. crispatus. It had been collected by Karwinski near

Pachucha in Hidalgo. Zuccarini described it; but his

description excludes DeCandolle’s H. crispatus whilst it

suggests strongly that it was specifically identical with

the cactus figured here. However that may be, the

concept of the latter as the genuine H. crispatus became

soon an established tradition in gardens which has

prevailed to this day. Zuccarini also gave a description

of the HL. dichroacanthus, found by Karwinski at Zimapan,

about 100 kil. to the north-west of Pachuca, and proposed

by Martius as a new species in 1829. It recalls very much

the main features of his “ #. crispatus”’ and it may have

been only a form of it. However, the plant was lost early

and cannot, so Dr. Kupper, Curator of the Botanic

Garden at Munich, informs me, be traced in the Her-

barium there, so that exact identification is impossible.

Soon after Karwinski’s return another German, Karl

_ Ehrenberg, resumed the botanical exploration of Hidalgo

and he too imported numerous plants into Europe. His

connections were mainly with Berlin and many of his

novelties were described in the Allgemeine Gartenzeitung.

As he went over the same ground as Karwinski it is not

surprising that he was forestalled by his predecessor with

regard to some of his discoveries. Of these 1. undulatus,

described by F. G. Dietrich in 1844, is an instance.

It is generally recognised as synonymous with the

E. crispatus of gardens and, the latter being misnamed,

E. undulatus will have to be restored as the valid name

of the species.

E. undulatus seems to have a wide distribution in

Mexico. Karwinski found it growing in the rich soil of

the savanna of Pachuco at 1500-1800 m. and, if #. dichroa-

canthus is actually synonymous, at Zimapan. Dr. Hans

Gadow collected it in Southern Michoacan at 900 m. and,

in 1909, communicated a living specimen through Sir

Reginald Tower, then British Minister in Mexico, to

Kew, where it is still growing, but has not yet flowered.

Further, I am inclined to refer to italso the photograph of

a plant reproduced by Safford in the Annual Report of

the Smithsonian Institute for 1908 (t. 4. f. 3) under the

name of H. multicostatus which, if my surmise is correct,

would prove a northward extension of the area to about

26° N. Lat. (N.W. of Monterey, Nuevo Leon).

The present plate has been prepared from a specimen

in the possession of the late Mr. Elwes, and since transferred

to Kew, where it is grown in the succulent pit with other

cactuses and euphorbias. After flowering last April it

produced an ample crop of new spine-clusters from the

top as shown in fig. 2. In Dr. Gadow’s specimen, how-

ever, the apical spine-clusters are quite small, the plant

resembling altogether Safford’s picture except for the

number of ribs which is, as in Elwes’ specimen, 34.

E.. undulatus seems to be a shy flowerer.

Britton and Rose in their magnificent monograph of the

Cactacee of North America have recently revived Law-

rence’s genus Hchinofossulocactus (1841) for the group to

which EL. undulatus belongs. The uncouth name was evi-

dently meant to refer to the channel (fossula)-like upward

extension of the depression in which the spine-cushion

is situated. It is to me still an open question how far the

splitting up of the genera of Cactaceae proposed by

Britton and Rose is justified on material and practical

grounds. ‘Therefore, and because I myself have not had

the time to form an independent view on the subject, I

have refrained in this place from making the corre-

sponding new combination. O%D.

Fig. 1, flowering plant, nat. size; 2, the same plant six months later, nat.

size; 38, a spine-cluster, X1.5; 4, a flower, very slightly enlarged; 5, a longi-

tudinal section through the lower half of the flower, somewhat diagrammatic,

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DRACOCEPHALUM ISABELLAE.

South-west China.

LABIATAE. ‘Tribe NEPETEAE,

DRACOCEPHALUM, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. Il. 1199; Bricuet in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IT. 1204.

Dracocephalum Isabellae, Forrest in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VIII. 211

(1911); affine D. tangutico, Max., et D. Forrestii, W.W. Smith, sed inflorescentiae

indumento Janato-villoso, corollae tubo e calyce vix vel breviter exserto supra

medium abrupte ampliato, nuculis cristatis, ab illo praeterea foliis 5—7-sectis

fere digitatis dorso praeter costam epilosis distinctum.

Herba perennis, multicaulis, 30-50 em. alta, caulibus tota longitudine breviter

ramosis ad angulos lanato-villosis, ramis tenuibus, intermediis et superioribus

folia subtendentia paulo superantibus. ola sessilia vel subsessilia, fere ad

basin digitatim 5-7-secta, ambitu rotundata vel rotundato-ovata ; segmenta

linearia, obtusa vel subobtusa, 1°55 -2 cm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata vel ea

ramulorum breviora et multo angustiora, firmula, facie atro-viridia et sparse

minute hispidula, dorso pallidiora et praeter costam pilosulam glabra,

glandulis vero laxe conspersa, margine revoluto hirsutiusculo. Inflorescentia

spiciformis, densa, 8-10 cm. longa, verticillastris inferioribus distinctis

foliis caulinis similibus suffultis, caeteris dense approximatis conspicue

bracteatis; bracteae ambitu ovato-cuneatae, ad 2°5 cm. longae, ad vel

ultra medium 3-fidae segmentis lanceolatis aristulatis vel intimae summaeque

lineari-lanceolatae,,dorso atro-purpureae, facie parce pilosulae, ad margines

lanato-villosae ; pedicelli tenues, ad 5 mm. longi, villosuli, Calyx magis

minusve curvatus, tubulosus; tubus sursum sensim ampliatus, ore obliquo,

subaequaliter dentatus, 1*2-1°5 em. longus, extra undique albo-villosus,

intra laxe pilosus, dentibus triangularibus aristulatis ad margines lanatis.

Corolla breviter exserta, parte exserta pulcherrime violacea et extra

purpureo-lanata; tubus curvatus, ad vel ultra medium angustus et extra

laxe vel vix pilosulus, deinde subabrupte ampliatus et lanatus, 1*5-2 cm.

longus, intra postice tota longitudine, antice saltem basin versus pilosulus;

labium superum fornicatum, expansum ellipticum, integrum, obtusum,

circiter 1 em. longum; labium inferum porrectum, 2 cm. longum e faucibus

latis 3-lobum, lobis lateralibus brevibus rotundatis, intermedio reniformi

alte emarginato ad latera crispo denticulato glaberrimo. Stamina sub

labio supero ascendentia; filamenta ad 1 cm. longa, inferne pilosula vel

postica tota glabra; antherae approximatae, fere atrae, posticae paulo supra

anticas positae, glabrae. Stigma bifidum, e labio supero breviter exsertum.

Discus tenuiter annvlaris, antice in glandulam ovoideam nuculas interdum

subaequantem ampliatus. Nuculae maturae oblongae, apice late cristatae,

crista denticulata inclusa 5°5 mm. longae, fuscae.

A tufted perennial herd, 30-50 cm. high, with more or

less erect 4-angled stems woolly at the angles, and with

short barren slender branchlets from the axils of the

leaves. ‘These are indistinctly stalked, almost digitate

with 5 or 7 linear segments connected at the base only,

dark green and slightly rough on the face and sparingly

glandular on the back; the hairy margins are recurved,

or, particularly in the leaves of the barren branches,

tightly revolute when the segments appear very narrow.

The deep-violet flowers are gathered into dense rather

short and woolly false spikes whose lower cymes are

supported by leaves of the same type as those of the

stem, whilst higher up and on all the secondary branchlets

3- eleft externally dark brownish-purple bracts take

their place. covering the short pedicels and the bases of

the calyces. The latter are curved, rather widely tubular

with an oblique mouth and 5 nearly equal, triangular

and almost prickly teeth. The corolla. is shortly exserted

from the calyx, its tube exceeding the latter only by a

few mm. ‘The corolla-tube is curved, very slender and

sparingly hairy up to the middle, above which it widens

abruptly and becomes densely and softly hairy. This

woolly covering continues over the backs of the upper

lip and of the greater part of the lower lip and is more

or less purple. The upper lip is vaulted, blunt and

entire and about half as long as the lower lip, which at

the base forms a wide concave throat and then becomes

3-lobed, the large kidney-shaped concave and deeply

notched ‘middle lobe standing athwart the short round

side-lobes. The whole flower measures up to 3 cm.

The anthers are glabrous and almost black and are

placed in superposed pairs under the vault of the upper

lip, which is slightly exceeded by the bifid style; the

anther-cells spread at a straight angle. A conspicuous

disc-gland rises in front of the cluster of nutlets. The

mature natlets are oblong with a broad toothed crest at

the top, dark brown and about 5°5 mm. long.

DISTRIBUTION.—South-west China, Yunnan; North-

west Yunnan, Chungtien Plateau (27° 30’ N. Lat.),

Forrest, 12789.

Dracocephalum Isabellae was named so by its author

after his sister, Miss Isabel Forrest. It is one of the

many charming contributions which botany and _ horti-

culture have received during the last twenty years from

that inexhaustible botanical paradise, western Yunnan.

It occurs there “in open stony limy pastures”? on the

Chungtien Plateau at an altitude of 3,600 m. The

same plateau is the home of D. Forrestii to which [ have

referred in the differential diagnosis and which has also

been found on the neighbouring Lichiang range at a

slightly lower level. Both species have much in common

in the shape and structure of the calyx and the cut of

the leaves, characters in which they approach two other

Yunnan dracocephalums, also discoveries of Mr. Forrest,

namely D. propinguum and D. taliense and further

D. tanguticum, a native of Tibet (from Mt. Everest to

Kansu) and of West Szechuan, and a plant, not unknown

in gardens. D. Isabellae, the showiest of them, is, how-

ever, easily recognised by the rich violet of the rather

large-limbed, though short, flowers, the rich colouring

of the bracts and calyces and the general velvety woolli-

ness of the inflorescence in which the white marginal

fringes of the bracts and calyx-teeth contrast pleasantly

with the purple of the rest of the hairs. The foliage

also recalls D. austriacum, an old garden plant, but the

shape of the calyx-teeth and the hairy anthers of that

species do not suggest a close affinity with the Chinese

eroup. In fact, the latter seems to represent a small

independent phylum within the section Moldavica of

Dracocephalum, inclining in the structure of the calyx

to certain species of Nepeta, e.g., N. Hemsleyauna, a

native of Southern Tibet.

It is well known that not a few Labiatae exhibit a

marked sexual heteromorphism which apart from the

sexual organs finds expression most generally in the

size and, to a lesser degree, the shape of the corolla.

Salvia pratensis is a familiar instance. P. Knuth and

A. Schulz have also recorded it in D. austriacum, D.

Moldavica and D. Ruyschianum, species which bear, on

different individuals, either protandrous hermaphrodite

or functionally female flowers. A similar gynodioecism

may be observed in D. tanguticum, where (1) small herma-

phrodite flowers, apparently the common form and

the one from which the species was originally described,

(2) large hermaphrodite flowers (Tachienlu, Wilson, 579

p-p.) and (3) small female flowers (Lhassa, Walton)

occur. Whether D. Isabellae, however, behaves in a

similar way is still uncertain. The flowers of the plant

depicted here were hermaphrodite with an abundance

of pollen in their well-formed anthers and with well

developed pistils.

The plant which is portrayed in the present plate was

communicated to the Editor by Professor W. W. Smith

of the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh who, in

connection with Mr. Forrest, made the group to which

it belongs the subject of a paper in the Transactions

of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh (Vol. X XVII,

89-93). As might be expected D. Jsabellae is quite

hardy in this country and should succeed in any garden

in open situations and in dry calcareous soil. It flowers

at Edinburgh in early summer and is usually fruiting

before D. Forrestu flowers, which it commonly does

there in September. O.S.

Fig. 1, flowering stem, nat. size; 2, bract, nat. size; 3, flower X2; 4 calyx,

cut open and flattened out, seen from the inner side, x2; 5, posterior half of

corolla 2: 6, anterior half of corolla, x2; 7, pistil, x 2.5; 8, frontal disc-

vland and young nutlets, xX 3.

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RHODODENDRON PLANETUM.

China.

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE.

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 599; Drude in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1, 35.

Rhododendron planetum, Bal. f., in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. XII. 145 (1920);

affine R. sutchuenensi, Franch., et R. calophyto, Franch., sed corollae tubo late

infundibuliformi, limbi lobis 6-7 aequalibus facile distinctu.

Frutex in hortis ad 3m. altus; rami crassi, annotini primo floccoso-pilosi, mox

glabrati, virides. Gemmae oblongo-ovoideae, fere 2 cm. longae, squamis

extimis rotundatis apiculatis, caeteris ex ovato ad oblongo-ovatum

transeuntibus sparse ciliatis magis minusve sericeo-pubescentibus. Folia

petiolata; lamina elongato-oblonga, breviter acuta, basi leviter angustata,

ad 20 em. longa et 6 cm. lata, coriacea, facie atro-viridia, glabra, dorso

pallidior, ad costam nec non hicinde ad nervos venasque tenuissime floccoso-

pilosa, mox glabrata, costa dorso crassa prominente, nervis lateralibus

utrinque 15-20 obliquis; petiolus crassus, mox glabratus. Inflorescentia

umbelliformis, sessilis, ad 10-flora; gemma crassa, ovoidea, ad 3 cm.

longa; bracteae exteriores magis minusve rotundatae, tenuissime pubes-

centes, interiores elongatae; intimae spatulato-oblongae, apiculatae, ad

3°5 em. longae, dorso sericeae; bracteolae lineari-filiformes, villoso-

ciliatae vel superne subplumosae; pedicelli 1°5 em. longi, glandulosi.

Calyx ad annulum 5-dentatum 1 mm. altum redactus. Corolla subregularis,

5-5°5 em. longa, undique glabra; tubus late infundibuliformis, basi inter

petalorum commissuras leviter gibbosus et secundum eas carmineo-suffusus,

caeterum roseus, plerumque emaculatus; limbus lobis 6-7 aequalbius vel

subaequalibus rotundatis emarginatis ad 1-5 cm. longis ad 2 cm. latis roseo-

albidis. Stamina 12-14, longiora 3 em. longa; filamenta basi paulo dilatata

et minute glanduloso-puberula; antherae “atro-purpureae. Discus viridis,

glaber. Ovarium breviter digitaliforme, glaberrimum, pallide roseo-

suffusum; stylus glaber, basi purpurascens, sub stigmate late discoideo

lobulato paulo incrassatus. Capsula oblongo-cylindrica, ad 3 cm. longa,

1 cm. lata, valvis 4-5 crassis subsulcatis. Semina anguste oblonga, ala

angusta inclusa 3 mm. longa.

An erect shrub of tree-like habit with stout branches,

green in the first year with a fluffy white down which,

however, disappears soon. ‘The foliage-buds are egg-

shaped, green and, upwards, purplish with the inner

scales finely silky on the sides. The leaves are stalked,

their blades elongated-oblong from a slightly narrowed

base and shortly pointed; they measure 20 cm. by 6 cm.

and are leathery, dark green on the face and paler on

the back, and when full grown glabrous with the excep-

tion of the remains of some fine fluffy down, particularly

on the back along the stout mid-rib, the down consisting

of much-branched hairs with very thin-walled,

somewhat bladdery cells; the leaf-stalk is very stout

and glabrous. The inflorescence is umbel-shaped,

about 10-flowered and sessile; it is produced from

a large egg-shaped bud with numerous bracts which

pass from a rounded to a spatulate or oblong shape

and are leathery with a fine down (the outer), or

papery and silky (the inner), whilst the bractlets

at the base of the flower-stalks are very narrow

and softly ciliate or feathery upwards; the flower-

stalks are glandular and up to 1°5 cm. long. The calyx

is reduced to a circlet with 5 small teeth. The glabrous

corolla is pale-rose with or without a dorsal crimson

blotch at the base, darker along the lines indicating the

union of the petals and very pale in the limb; it is about

5-5°5 cm. long; the tube is widely funnel-shaped, the

limb 6-7-cleft with slightly notched, round and almost

equal lobes. The stamens number 12-14, the longest

being about 3 cm. long; the filaments are slightly

widened at the base and minutely glandular-hairy, the

anthers purplish-black. The perfectly glabrous ovary is

thimble-shaped, faintly fluted and has a green disc at

the base; the style is glabrous and slightly purplish at

the base and its large knob-shaped stigma exceeds much

the stamens. The capsules are almost cylindric with

mostly 5 slightly fluted valves.

DISTRIBUTION.—China ; probably western Szechuan,

Wilson.

¢ 9

The name “ planetum”’ was intended to allude to the

‘appearance (of the plant) in cultivation as a rogue.”

It was picked out by Mr. J. C. Williams from a bed of

rhododendrons at Coombe Wood in 1912, and brought

to flower in his garden at Caerhays Castle in 1919. The

bed was numbered 1882 (Wilson exc. 1903), but as Mr.

Wilson’s field note under that number refers to a rhodo-

dendron with “ ovate-cordate’’ leaves, the origin of the

plant must remain uncertain beyond the general state-

ment that Mr. Wilson collected the seed in China and

apparently in the neighbourhood of Tachienlu. Its

affinity lies clearly with R. sutchwenense and R. calophy-

tum, although the shape and the lobing of the corolla

also challenge comparison with R. decorum and_ its

immediate allies and might even suggest hybrid-origin

with one of them as a parent; but, to my mind, this is

not probable and at any rate entirely hypothetical.

However that may be R. planetum will always recommend

itself to the gardener by the beauty of its flowers and

its rapid growth, and as it seeds freely it may be expected

to establish itself in the milder parts of this country.

Mr. J. C. Williams to whom we owe its contribution to

the Botanical Magazine says that it succeeds well in cool

positions, and as it flowers later than R. sutchuenense,

it may escape the injuries from early frosts to which

the flowers of that species are exposed. O.S.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, nat. size; 2, base of a leaf, back view, nat. SIZE ;

3, intermediate bract, nat. size; 4, bracteole from the base of a flower-stalk, nat.

size; 5 and 6, flament-bases and anthers, X4: 7, pistil, x 2.

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CIRRHOPETALUM TRIPUDIANS.

Burma and Siam.

ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe EPIDENDREAE.

CirrHoretTatum, Lindl.; Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Plant. UI. 504; Pfitzer in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 6, 178.

Cirrhopetalum tripudians, Parish et Reichenb. f. in Gard. Chron. V. 816

(1876) ; affine C. refracto, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 779 (non Zoll.), sed floribus

magis approximatis, sepalo postico multo breviore haud longe sensim setaceo-

acuminato nec roseo-purpureo et labii forma distinctum ; etiam cum C. Wallichir

comparatum inflorescentia vero haud umbelliformi ab eo distat.

Pseudobulbi depressi, e medio breviter conici, circiter 2—2°5 em. diametro. Folia

2-na, ante anthesin decidua lanceolato-oblonga, acuta vel subacuta, ad

8 em. longa et 2 cm. lata, viridia, firmula. Scapus lateraliter e basi pseudo-

bulbi ortus, gracilis, circiter 15 cm. longus, apice curvatus et saepe cernuus,

squamis 3 distantibus scapo arcte adpressis basi vaginantibus acute acu-

minatis tenuiter scariosis. Inflorescentia patula vel pendula, densiuscula,

spiciformis, 2.5-4'5 cm. longa, 8-12-flora; bracteae ovatae, acute acuminatae,

circiter 6 mm. longae, membranaceae, albidae, deciduae. Flores brevissime

pedicellati, 2-4 mm. distantes. Receptaculum turbinatum, subsulcatum,

1.5mm. longum. Sepalum posticum ovatum, abrupte breviter vel longius-

cule et tunc setaceo-acuminatum, 4 mm. longum, margine minute fim-

briatum, facie pilosulum, extra flavum vel superne aureum et carmineo

suffusum, intra praeter marginem aureum pilis inclusis carmineum ; lateralia

lorata, basi per 4 mm. libera et ita excisa ut fenestra fiat, abhinc ad apicem

cohaerentia, aurantiaca, minute purpureo-punctata, 3-4 cm. longa,

conjunctim 6-7 mm. lata. Mentum breve, antice 2-tuberculatum. Petala

triangularia, acuminata, 2-2-5 mm. longa, caeterum sepalo postico similia.

Labellum carnosum, subpanduriforme, basi vix contractum, 2.5-3 mm.

longum, facie antice gibbo atro-violaceo in carinam basin versus producto

instructum, caeterum pallide violascens vel purpurescens et in facie violaceo-

punctatum, sursum violaceo-pilosum pilis saepe fasciculatis. Colwmna

brevis, pallida, 2—cornuta, cornibus antrorsum curvatis. Anthera albida,

in dorso papillosula. Pollinia per paria valde inaequalia. C. refractum,

Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India V. 779 (1890); King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta,

V. 18 (1895) in part, and VIII. 87 (1898) in part ; non Zollinger. Bulbophyllum

tripudians, Parish & Reichenb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. 154 (1874).

The leaves of this species are after flowering produced

in pairs from the short conical tops of the loosely clustered

depressed pseudo-bulbs ; they are lanceolate-oblong and

more or less pointed and measure up to 8 cm. by 2 cm.

The slender flowering scape springs laterally from the

base of the pseudo-bulb, rises up to 15 cm. and is then

sharply recurved so that the inflorescence becomes

nodding; it bears 3 tightly appressed membranous

finely pointed scales. The inflorescence is about

2.5-4°5 c.m. long, spike-like and rather dense, the

correctly spelt would mean “ yellow petal” from xiféos

=pale yellow; but it is more probable that the author

meant to refer to the long strap-shaped lateral sepals

which are the most salient feature of the genus, and in

some of the species, would justify an allusion to the

locks or curls of a human head, in which case the proper

spelling would be Crrropetalum from cirrus—a curl.

At Glasnevin the plant is grown in the intermediate

house in a small orchid-pan suspended from the roof,

the usual compost of fibre and sphagnum being used.

Fig. 1, pseudo-bulb with flowering scape, nat. size; 2, pseudo-bulbs with

leaves, nat. size; 3, a flower with the lateral sepals removed, x 8; 4, a portion

of a flower from above, with the upper sepal and the petals seen over the

‘window,’ <8; 5, lip, flattened out in back-view, x 14; 6, the same in face-

view, X14; 7, anther, X24; 8, pollinia, x11.

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LACHENALIA CONVALLARIODORA.

South Africa.

LILIACEAE. ‘Tribe SCILLEAE.

LACHENALIA, Jacq.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. ITI. 820; Engl. in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 5. 63.

Lachenalia convallariodora, Stapf (sp. nov.); ex affinitate LD. orchioidis,

Jacq., sed bulbis 7-10 mm. dimetientibus 3-8-nis, foliis angustis sursum

attenuatis, floribus 2°5 em. raro excedentibus praeter segmenta interiora

limbo lilacino gaudentia fere albis distincta.

Herba bulbosa, 15-25 cm. alta, glaberrima. Bulbisubglobosi, 7-10 mm. diametro,

3-6-ni. Folia 2-na cum quoque scapo, lanceolato-lorata, utrinque attenuata,

apice recurva, ad 16 cm. longa, 1-1°75 cm. lata, viridia nisi sursum atro-

rubentia, haud vel obscure maculata, 3-nervia. Scapus gracilis. Jnjflores-

scentia subspicata, 4-6 cm. longa; bracteae hyalinae, albae, fertiles late

ovatae, inferiores breviter, superiores longe acuminatae, steriles multo

angustiores. Pedicelli vix ulli. Perianthium e basi subovoidea tubulosum,

8-9 mm. longum, segmentis arcte conniventibus; segmenta exteriora ovato-

oblonga, obtusa, sub apice transverse gibbosa, 6-7 mm. longa, apice lilacina,

caeterum albida, interiora ungue lineari 5-6 mm. longo albo, lamina patenti-

recurva obovata obtusa 4 mm. longa superne lilacina. Filamenta 7 mm.

longa, filiformia ; antherae ex tubo breviter exsertae. Ovarium 3-lobum ;

stylus 2 mm. longus; stigma minute 3-lobum; ovula ad 15 in quoque

loculo.

A bulbous herb, 15-25 cm. high and perfectly glabrous.

Bulbs ovoid-globose, 7-10 mm. in diameter, white with

fleshy scales, in clusters of 3-8, one central, the others in a

ring around it, all or most of them producing a flowering

scape. Leaves 2 with each scape, tightly embracing its

base, lanceolate-strap-shaped, narrowed at both ends,

upwards incurved from the margins, or almost folded

and recurved, 16 cm. long, 1-1°75 cm. broad, somewhat

fleshy, green, upwards usually dark red or purple, some-

times obscurely spotted with dull purple, margins finely

cartilaginous, primary nerves 3, slightly impressed on

the face. Scape slender, with purple spots. Spike

4-5 cm. long, rather loose, barren at the tip; bracts

hyaline, white, the fertile broad-ovate, short (the lower)

or long acuminate, 15-3 mm. long, the barren very

narrow, linear-lanceolate toawl-shaped. Pedicels almost

entirely suppressed. Flowers with the scent of lilies of

the valley. Perianth tubular from a slightly asymmetric

almost ovoid base, 8-9 mm. long, at the middle 3-3°5

“A THE LIBRARY

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HF aG, Witherby Londen

Tas. 8956.

LONICERA GRIFFITHII

Afghan-Indian Frontier.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Tribe LONICEREAE.

Lonicera, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 11.5; Fritsch. in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 4. 166.

Lonicera Griffithii, Hook. f. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II. 173 (1858);

unica species subsectionis T’horaciantharum, Rehd., insignis bracteolis cuiusque

verticilli in cupulam ovaria obtegentem connatis.

Frutex alte scandens, trunco vetusto funiformi, ramis iunioribus primo glaucis

deinde rubescentibus glaberrimis vel rarius laxe molliter glanduloso-pilosis,

cortice tandem exteriore laminis tenuibus soluto interiore persistente

cinerascente. Folia petiolata, forma valde varia; infima rami minora,

approximata, caetera dissita; lamina foliorum inferiorum oblonga, obtusa,

basi sensim in petiolum attenuata, 1-4°5 em. longa, 0°5-1°5 cm. lata, inter-

mediorum et superiorum late ovata vel elliptica vel rotundata, obtusissima,

saepe late emarginata, basi breviter cuneata vel rotundato-truncata vel

subcordata, omnino integra vel varie lobata, lobis utrinque 1 vel 2 saepe

inaequalibus, 1-5 cm. longa lataque, glauca, glaberrima, raro pilis perpaucis

tenuissimis conspersa, nervis lateralibus utringue 3-4 uti reticulatione

venarum pallidis; petioli infimi breves, sursum increscentes et ad 1 cm.

longi, summi plerumque brevissimi, glaberrimi vel rarius glandulo-pilosi.

Inflorescentia pedunculata, terminalis, capitata, e verticillis 2-4-nis contiguis

composita; pedunculus brevissimus vel saepe magis minusve elongatus,

ad 1°5 cm. longus, parce pilosus; verticilli 4-6-flori, bracteati; bracteae

primariae 2-nae, lineares, ad 5mm. longae, hispido-ciliatae, secundariae 4-nae,

similes, sed multo minores, tertiariae flores ipsos subtendentes in cupulam

subintegram persistentem connatae. Receptaculum ellipsoideo-globosum,

parce glanduloso-pilosulum. Calyx alte 5-fidus; segmenta lanceolata,

acutissima, hispido-ciliata et glanduloso-pilosula, 1-1-5 mm. longa, stellatim

patentia. Corolla amoene rosea, 2-2°5 cm. longa, extra glanduloso-pilosa ;

tubus rectus vel magis minusve curvatus, subcylindricus, basin versus

sensim attenuatus, limbo paulo brevior, intus parce minute pilosus ; limbus

2-labiatus, labio supero erecto ad tertiam vel quartam partem 4-lobus, infero

patulo aequilongo lineari obtuso. Stamina 2 antica corollam aequantia,

lateralia paulo breviora, posticum fere dimidio brevius ; filamenta glabra ;

antherae 2-2°5 mm. longae. Stylus stamina lateralia aequans; stigma

capitatum, subbilobum. Ovula 4 in quoque loculo, 2-seriata. Bacca

matura ignota.—Aitchison in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 64 (1881); Boiss.,

Fl. Or. Suppl. 275 (1888) ; Purpus in Mitt. Deutsch. Ges. 1901, 45; Rehder

in Sargent, Trees and Shrubs, I. 47, tab. 24 (1902) et Syn. Gen. Lonicera,

201 (1903); C Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 745, fig. 466, g, h (1911);

Gard. Chron. LX. 43 et 44 with fig. (1916).

A tall climbing shrub with mostly glabrous, rarely

softly and loosely hairy branches, whose glaucous reddish

or purplish outer bark peels off in thin flakes. The

blades of the stalked leaves vary remarkably in size and

shape; those at the bottom of the growing branches

are oblong, blunt at the top and gradually narrowed

at the base and measure 1-4°5 cm. by 0°5-1°5 cm., whilst

the intermediate and upper are very broadly ovate,

elliptic or almost circular and three times as large,

with a rounded and often notched top and a shortly

wedge-shaped or truncate or even slightly cordate base ;

they are entire or, particularly the intermediate, lobed

with the lobes (1 or 2 on each side) often very unequal

in size and shape; they are always very glaucous with

whitish nerves and veins and mostly quite glabrous; the

stalks of the uppermost leaves are generally very short,

those of the other leaves up to 1 cm. long. The flowers

are collected in terminal more or less stalked compact

heads which are made up of 2 or 3 or even 4 closely

superposed whorls of 4 or 6 ; each whorl represents a

pair of 2- or 3-flowered cymes and is surrounded by a

glaucous glabrous almost even-rimmed cup formed by

the fusion of the bractlets of the flowers and concealing

completely the receptacles or “‘ inferior ovaries’ ; below

each whorl there are 4 minute paired and 2 longer (up

to 5 mm.) single, very narrow and stiffly ciliate leaflets,

the secondary and primary bracts of the cymes, those of

the lowest whorl being distinctly visible, whilst those

of the following whorls are more or less hidden behind

the preceding cup or partly suppressed. The receptacles

are free, ellipsoid or almost globose and minutely glan-

dular-hairy. The calyx is exserted from the cup and

5-cleft with spreading lanceolate, very acute rigidly

ciliate segments, 1-1-5 mm. long. The 2-lipped corollas

are of the purest pink with some crimson in the throat,

2-25 cm. long and finely glandular-hairy on the outside ;

the tube is slender and about as long as the limb, whose

upright broad upper lip is shortly and bluntly A lobed,

whilst the spreading lower lip is linear and blunt. The

longest stamens (the front pair) equal the corolla, the

lateral are shorter and the dorsal one shortest; their

filaments are glabrous. The equally glabrous style is

about as long as the lateral stamens and bears a large

indistinctly 2-lobed stigma. The mature fruct is unknown.

Distripution.—Afghan-Indian borderland; Upper

Kuram valley, 2,100-2, 800 m., Aitchison, 535 ; Kafiristan

and adjoining Chitral, 1900- 3,300 ms Griffith, D1; 792 ;

Gatacre, Mainwaring, Toppin and others. |

The readers of the Gardeners’ Chronicle of 1916 will

remember a leader consisting largely of a communication

by Col. F. G. L. Mainwaring of Wabey House, Upway,

on the honeysuckle figured here, in which its charms

were extolled. It is no doubt one of the most handsome

species of the genus and Boissier in the Supplement

(1888) to his Flora Orientalis justly hailed it as

Species . . . elegantissvma et cultura digna.” Griffith

discovered it in Kafiristan in 1840 and Aitchison found

it in 1879 farther south on the Afghan-Indian frontier.

Then the Chitral expedition of 1895 led to the re-

discovery by Gen. Gatacre and Col. Hamilton of the plant

in Griffith’s old collecting ground, and there also Col.

Mainwaring’s observations were made in 1898. If it

took, nevertheless, over 70 years before it was definitely*

added to our horticultural treasures, this must be ascribed

to the inaccessibility of its native country and partly,

perhaps, to some inherent difficulties in raising it. Col.

Mainwaring tells us that he succeeded in germinating

and bringing it to flower only after many failures ex-

tending over more than ten years. He grows it in an

unheated conservatory where it climbs over a _ wire-

trellis. As it extends in Chitral to near the snow line,

it should not be difficult to grow it in this country in the

open, where it is not exposed too much to early frosts

and enjoys plenty of sunlight. Inits home itis a common

climber in shrubs and even tall trees which it overruns

with its glaucous foliage and its profuse clusters of pink

flowers, the effect being finest when it invades the Holme

Oak and produces a marvellous contrast of colours.

Griffith tells us that the Kafiris love it, and Aitchison

declares it “‘ one of the grandest things’ he had seen in

the Kurram district, whilst Col. Mainwaring is even more

enthusiastic in its praise. The branch figured here

came from the garden of the Countess of Ilchester at

Abbotsbury, Dorset, who had it from the Colonel.

Rehder, the last monographer of Lonicera, created a

special subsection Thoracianthae for the reception of this

species, basing it as the name indicates on the fusion of

* It appears in a list of trees and shrubs grown at Darmstadt in 1901, but

does not seem to have succeeded.

the floral bractlets into a cup whose sides surround the

flowers like a breastwork. This character is, in fact, so

striking that one might be inclined to attribute to it a

higher taxomomic value, but in every other respect the

affinity with L. Periclymenum is so manifest, that generic

separation is out of the question, and the more so as a

very similar condition occurs in some species of another

section of Lonicera (Lstka, e.g., L. coerulea and L.

wberica), where it is equally uncorrelated with other

deviations from the type of the group.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a corolla, nat. size; 3, corrolla cut

open slightly enlarged; 4, flower-head after the fall of the corollas, x 6; 5, one

of the flower-whorls seen from above, with the corollas removed, < 3; 6, section

through the same, lower down, X38; 7, receptacle and calyx in longitudinal

section, X6; 8, style and stigma, xX 2.

THE LibiARY

OF {HE .

DMIVERSSTY AF LINOIS

HF &G.Witherby. London.

Tap. 8957.

ISOTREMA CHRYSOPS.

China.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Tribe ARISTOLOCHIEAE,

Isotrema, Raf. in Journ. de Phys., Paris, \xxxix. 102 (1819), et in Amer. Monthl.

Magaz. IV. 195 (1819). Hocquartia, Dumort., Comment. Bot. 30 (1822); Van

Tieghem in Journ. de Bot. XIV. 68 (1900) ; Pilg.in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen}.

Nachir. III. 100 (1906). Siphisia, Raf. in Med. Bot. 62 (1828); Klotzsch an

Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1859, 584. Aristolochia, Div. I., incl. sectiones

Asterolytes, Siphisia et Hexadon, Ducharire in Ann. Sc. Nat. 4me sér. II. 29

(1854) et in DC. Prodr. XV. 1. 433 (1864) ; Sect. Siphisia, Benth. & Hook. /,,

Gen. Plant. III. 125 (1880); Solereder in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. I11.

1. 27 (1889).

Isotrema chrysops, Stapf (sp. nov.); arcte affinis J. heterophyllo, Stapf, (nov.

comb. ex Aristolochia heterophylla, Hemsley), sed foliis plerisque plane hastatis,

floribus maioribus, limbo perianthii laevissimo aureo-marginato et ore aureo

distinctum.

Frutex ad 5 m. scandens, novellis fulvo-tomentosis, ramis] mox calvescentibus

fuscisque vetustis lignosis. J’oliorum inferiorum lamina cordato-ovata

vel plerumque uti caeterorum ovato- vel oblongo-hastata basi sinu late

aperto et lobis rotundatis, ad 12 cm. longa, per lobos 5—7 cm. lata, medio

2—3 cm. lata, facie primo laxe pilosula, deinde glabrescens, viridis, dorso

primo fere pannosa, deinde incano-pubescens, nervis basalibus pedatis

utrinque 2—3, lateralibus utrinque 2—4, venis laxe intertextis vix conspicuis ;

petiolus gracilis, 3—3°5 cm. longus, pubescens. Flores solitarii, raro 2-ni,

ex axillis foliorum superiorum penduli; pedicelli flexuosi, graciles, 4—7 cm.

longi, laxe pilosi, !-5—3 cm. supra basin bracteolam latam cordatam sessilem

vel breviter petiolatam 1—1‘5 cm. longam gerentes. Receptaculum cylindri-

cum vel subclavatum, villosulum, 12—15 mm. longum, 6-costatum. Pertan-

thium in alabastro extra tomentosum, deinde laxe pubescens, flavo-viride ;

tubus refracto-curvatus, tenuiter costatus, infra flexuram 2 cm. longus et

ad 9 mm. latus, supra eam circiter 3 cm. longus, ex ortu lato ad diametrum

3—4 mm. constrictus, tunc ampliatus, ad os 6—8 mm. latus, intra flavo-

viridis et glaber zona purpurea pilis tenuissimis multiramosis araneosa

4—5 mm. lata paulo supra basin sita excepta; limbus 3-lobus, 2°75 em.

diametro, lobis aequalibus transverse deltoideo-ovatis obtusis 1 cm. altis

1:7 cm. latis laevissimis praeter margines aureos fusco-purpureis, ore crasse

marginato aureo. Stamina per paria contigua; antherae 3 mm. longae,

late oblongae. Gynostemium crassum, 1°5—1'75 mm. longum, albidum ;

stigma crasse 3-lobum, vertice fuscum, lobis latis obtusis. Ovarium

6-loculare. Capsula ignota.

A climber up to 5 m. long, with all the young parts

covered with a yellowish felt of hairs; the branches

slender, soon becoming more or less glabrous and at last

dull brown; the old stems woody. The long-stalked

leaves vary somewhat in shape and very much in size ;

the blades of the lower leaves are broad-ovate from a

heart-shaped base without any distinct lateral lobes

or, more often, like the others halberd-shaped with a

wide sinus, rounded side-lobes and a lanceolate or oblong

middle-lobe 2-3 cm. wide, the whole blade measuring

up to 12 cm. in length and 4—7 cm. across the basal lobes ;

the dark green upper-surface is at first loosely hairy,

but soon becomes almost glabrous, whilst the covering —

of the lower surface changes from a dense felt to a greyish

soft down; there are 2 or 3 basal and 2-4 lateral nerves

on each side. The pendulous flowers rise generally

singly from the axils of the upper leaves and are borne

on slender flexuous pedicels, 4-7 cm. long and, some

distance above the base, provided with a broad cordate

sessile or shortly stalked green bractlet which may drop

off. The receptacle is cylindric or narrowly club-shaped,

6-ribbed, 12-15 mm. long and villous when young.

The perranth is tomentose in the bud, but loosely downy

and yellowish-green when fully developed; the tube is

sharply recurved below and constricted at or just above

the middle, measuring 2 cm. by 9 mm. below the flexure

and 3cm. by 3-4 mm. (at the constriction) or by 6-8 mm.

(at the mouth); it is glabrous and yellowish inside except

for a purple belt 4-5 mm. wide a little above the base,

the belt being partly covered with reversed extremely

fine branched hairs which form a kind of cobweb; the

limb measures 2°75 cm. across and is regularly 3-lobed,

the lobes being broadly and bluntly ovate and quite

smooth, and it is marked off from the tube by a pro-

jecting annular rim; this rim is golden-yellow like the

edges of the lobes which are otherwise brownish-purple

or chocolate-brown. The 6 anthers are adnate in pairs

to the short stout stylar column which is crowned by

the bluntly 3-lobed fleshy stigma whose top is brown

and slightly warty. The ovary is 6-celled with numerous

I-ranked ovules.

DISTRIBUTION.—China; East Szechuan, ~ Wushan,

Herb. A. Henry 5620 (1888); Taning, 1600 m., Walson

4564 (1910); West Hupeh, Hsingshan, 1300-1500 m.,

Wilson 367 (1907).

The plant from which the accompanying plate was

drawn was raised at Edinburgh from seed collected by

Wilson (No. 367) near Hsingshan, N.W. of Ichang, and

received through Sir John Stirling Maxwell in 1908.

Plants of the same origin were exhibited at the Chelsea

Show of 1912 by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs of Aldenham

House, Elstree. Others exhibited as Aristolochia hetero-

phylla on the same occasion by Messrs. James Veitch &

Sons may also be referable to our species; they were

probably from an earlier introduction as there is a

specimen of /. chrysops in the Kew Herbarium which was

received from Messrs. Veitch in 1905 with a note, accord-

ing to which it was raised from seed collected by Wilson

in Hupeh (see also Hortus Veitchii 357; 1906).

The name <ristolochia heterophylla was given by

Dr. Hemsley to a species based on a number of specimens

collected by Professor A. Henry in western and north-

western Hupeh. A closer examination of them, however,

has shown that they cover three species.* Of these

the one to which the bulk of the material belongs and

for which the name “heterophylla” will have to be

retained represents a plant having ovate-cordate leaves

and flowers about 2°5 cm. long (straightened out) with

a spotted throat and a purple coarsely papillose or warty

limb which measures up to 1°5 cm. in diameter. ‘These

characters are not compatible with our plant which

consequently has to be considered as a distinct species.

The question whether “* Aristolochia’ should be treated

as one genus or as a group of genera has been debated

by botanists on and off for the last hundred years.

Space forbids to enter into the history of the problem.

It is, however, reflected in the synonymy of the genus

Isotrema as given in the heading to the text of this plate.

Van Tieghem has summarised the extensive literature

on the morphological and anatomical structure of

Aristolochia and proposed the segregation of the group

to which our plant belongs as a distinct genus, reviving

for it Dumortier’s name Hocquartia, being no doubt

unaware of the fact that this name was forestalled by

* Of the numbers quoted by Hemsley (in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 361,

1891) the following are covered by the emended diagnosis—3493, 6417a, 6490

and 4665 in part (the flower in the capsule attached to the specimen of that

number). No. 6417 is a fruiting specimen with halberd-shaped leaves of a

somewhat different colour, down and texture, whilst No. 4665 (the branch)

appears to be conspecific with Wilson 925, a plant with much larger flowers and

a spotted densely hirsute limb, for which I propose the name [ sotrema lasvops.

Rafinesque’s description of Jsolrema, a genus like

Hocquartia based in the first instance on A. macrophylla

(syn. A. supho). ILsotrema, in the sense of Van Tieghem’s

Hocquartia, 1s characterised (1) by the presence of 3

“ sepals”? which are united for the greater part of their

length into a tube, but partly free in the limb; (2) the

arrangement of the stamens in pairs opposite to the

“sepals”; (3) the heteromorphism of the carpels,

only 3 of them growing into styles and stigmas; (4) the

dehiscence of the capsule which is at the same time

septicidal and septifragal; (5) the development of the

rhaphe and the upper half of the integument into a

structure which finally becomes conspicuously differen-—

tiated from the seed proper and may even separate

from it ; (6) the presence of clusters of crystals of calcium-

oxalate in the stem and root and (7) the absence in the

epidermis of the leaves of oil-containing cells that grow

into the underlying parenchyma. Whilst some of Van

Tieghem’s statements if extended to all the species

which become referable to the genus may require some

qualification, his diagnosis is on the whole correct and

such as would justify the recognition of the group as a

genus. Jsotrema so conceived ranges over a considerable

part of Eastern Asia from Nepal to China, Formosa and

southern Hondo and over North America from California

to Guatemala and the Alleghanies. It consists of 3 or 4

undergroups of which that including J. chrysops is the

largest in species and area, comprising about a dozen

species in China and Japan (here A. Kaempferz) and four

in the United States, among them the well-known 4A.

macrophylla. !

The plant appears quite hardy at Edinburgh, where

it is grown as a wall-plant out of doors. It flowers freely

and produces fruit, seeding, however, poorly. The

quaintly coloured flowers are set among an abundant

foliage, a combination which ought to produce an

ornamental effect if free play is given to the development

of the plant.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a leaf from the older part of the plant,

nat. size; 3, a corolla halved, nat. size; 4, the base of a corolla halved, with

stamens and stigma, <3; 5, a section through an ovary, X 7.

HHE Lignan]

OF THE

MUST OF RULeOS

H.F&G.Witherby. London

Tas. 8958.

PRUNUS INCISA.

Japan.

RosAcEAE. Tribe PRUNEAE.

Prunus, L.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 609; Focke in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzen/. III. 3, 51.

Prunus incisa, Thunb., Fl. Jap. 202 (1784); a P. nipponica cui maxime affinis

differt petiolis pilosis, foliis minoribus tenuiter acuminato-dentatis dentibus

eglandulosis, receptaculo tubuloso.

Frutex vel rarius arbuscula ad 8 m. alta et tune trunco ad 30 cm. diametro cortice

cinereo tecto; rami patentes vel obliqui cum ramulis comam rotundam

formantes, cortice primo brunneo vel fusco mox cinerascente lenticellato,

longiores virgati, intervallis 1‘5—2 em. ramulos valde abbreviatos (brachy-

blastos) florentes vel fasciculato-foliatos gerentes. Folia petiolata, post

anthesin evoluta; lamina late elliptico-ovata vel obovata magis minusque

acuminata, duplicato- vel triplicato-serrata dentibus tenuiter acutis vel

acuminatis apice eglandulosis, 1°5—4'5 cm. longa, 1—2°5 cm. lata, utrinque

parce pubescens (imprimis in nervis), dorso tenuiter reticulata, nervis

utrinque 6—8; petiolus gracilis, 5—7 mm. longus, pilosus, apice saepissime

utrinque glandulam stipitatam purpuream gerens vel glandulae ad laminae

basin translatae; stipulae laxe glanduloso-fimbriatae lineares, ramorum

longiorum petiolum fere aequantes. Flores 2-ni vel solitarii, rarius 3-ni, e

gemmis in brachyblasto solitariis vel 2—-5 aggregatis orti; perulae exteriores

perbreves, latissimae, subcoriaceae, interiores rotundatae, glanduloso—fim-

briatae, papyraceae vel membranaceae, albidae; bracteae 2 foliaceae,

dentatae ; pedicelli graciles, 6—12 mm. longi, glabri, bracteolis angustis parce

dentato-fimbriatis basi muniti. Receptaculum ceylindrico- tubulosum, 4—6

mm. longum, 2°5 mm. diametro, glabrum, viride, passim purpureo-suffusum.

Sepala late ovata, acuta, minute dentata, ciliolata, 2—3 mm. lata. . Petala

rotundato-elliptica, breviter 2-loba, alba, roseo-suffusa, 1:2 cm. longa.

Stamina 30; filamenta ad et supra medium receptaculum inserta, summa

longiora, ad ‘4mm. longa, sepala superantia. Stylus gracilis, parce pilosulus ;

stigma minute lobulatum. Drupa subglobosa, ad 6 mm. longa, atro- violacea ;

putamen 4 mm. longum. Franch. & Savat. Enum. Fl. Jap., I. 118 pro

parte (1875) et II. 327 (1879); Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Petersb. XXIX.

99 pro parte (excl. syn. P. subhirtella) et in Mel. Biol. XI. 692 (1883) ;

Matsumura, in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XI. 100 (1901) et Ind. Pl. Jap. I. 2. 215

pro parte ‘excl. syn. P. subhirtella ; 1912); C. Schneider, Handb. Laub-

holzk. I. 607, fig. 339 g-g’ (1906) et IT., 979 (1912) ; Koehne in Sargent, PI.

Wilson, I. 258 (1912) et in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Gesellsch. 1917, 49, fig. 10;

Koidzumi in Journ. Coll. Se. Tokyo, XXXIV. 283 (1913); Wils., Cherries of

Japan, 19, t.5 (1916); Cerasus incisa, Lois. in Nouv. Dahan: v. 33 (1812) ;

Ser. in DC. prodr. II. 538 (1825). Microcerasus incisa, Roem. Syn. III.

95 (1847). Ceraseidos apetala, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. II. 93

(1865-1866 ; quoad syn. Prunus incisa) et Prol. Fl. Jap. 25 (1866-1867).

A shrub from 1°5 to 6 m. high or a small tree up to over

8 m. high with a round head and a grey trunk up to 30

cm. in diameter. The young slender glabrous long-

shoots are covered with a smooth reddish-brown bark

which eventually becomes grey and rough from lenticels ;

they produce, in the second year, numerous spurs with

foliage and floral buds and further long-shoots. The

foliar and floral buds are covered with papery scales, the

outermost of which are very short, broad and dry,

whilst the following are much larger, rounded or obovate

and fringed with short gland-tipped cilia and tend to

become herbaceous upwards ; in the foliar buds they are

succeeded by normal leaves on stunted or elongated axes

(spurs and long-shoots), whilst in the floral buds there is

generally only one pair of entire or 3-lobed toothed green

bracts and a pair of flowers (rarely 3) or a solitary flower,

supported at the base by small foliaceous oblong or

lanceolate toothed bractlets. The leaves are borne on

slender permanently hairy stalks carrying at their upper

end a pair of stalked purple glands, or these glands are

transferred to the base of the blade; the blades are

broadly elliptic-ovate or obovate and more or less acum-

inate, measuring 1°5 to 4°5 cm. by 1 to 2°5 em.; they

are coarsely toothed from the base, the teeth being

toothed again, all the teeth ending in fine glandless points;

they are sparingly and somewhat coarsely pubescent on

both sides, but become finally almost glabrous, except

along the nerves of which there are 6-8 pairs; the

stipules are narrowly linear and loosely fimbriate, short

in the leaves of the spurs, but almost as long as the leaf-

stalks in those of the long-shoots. The flowers are borne

on slender glabrous pedicels 6 to 12 mm. long. Their

receptacle is tubular, 4 to 6 mm. long and about 2°5 mm.

wide, glabrous and green or purplish, or, after flowering,

quite red or purple. The sepals are broadly ovate,

sparingly and minutely toothed and ciliolate and 2 to

3 mm. long. The petals are rounded-elliptic with a

shortly 2-lobed tip, white, more or less suffused with rose

and about 1:2 cm. long. The stamens, of which there are

30, are inserted in successive whorls from the middle of

the receptacle upwards, the uppermost exceeding the

sepals, but being much shorter than the petals; the

anthers are bright yellow. The style which almost equals

the longest stamens is loosely hairy. The fruit is an

ellipsoid-globose cherry, up to 6 mm. long and purplish-

black or almost quite black.

DISTRIBUTION.—Japan ; south eastern Hondo from

the province of Suruga to the neighbourhood of Tokyo.

Although discovered by Thunberg at Hakone almost

one hundred and fifty years ago this species has remained

relatively unknown, and is even now very rare in gardens.

It is rather local in its occurrence and in many respects

so similar to the much more common and more widely

distributed P. nipponica that the latter has often been

mistaken for it. It can, however, be readily distin-

guished from it by its hairy leaf-stalks and smaller blades.

It is particularly abundant, Mr. Wilson says, on the

eastern and southern slopes of Mount Fuji (Fuji Yama,

Fuji San) and on the mountains near Hakone, and so

beautiful when in flower in the latter part of April and

the first week of May as to make it worth a journey there.

It is usually shrubby in its growth, but may under favour-

able conditions form small trees. Japanese gardeners

appreciate it much and train it as a dwarf-tree in pots,

hence one of its popular names “‘ mame-sakura,”’ that is

dwarf-cherry. Grown thus it flowers freely and is very

ornamental. ‘The petals fall early, but the rich red or

purple colouring which the receptacles and the persistent

stamens assume compensate for their loss.

The specimen from which the plate was prepared

was kindly communicated by Mr. F. R. 8. Balfour who

grows the plant at Dawyck, Stobo (Peebles), Scotland.

He informs us that he received the plant from Sir Isaac

Bailey Balfour some eight years ago and planted it out

in ordinary silurian soil with a surface of leaf-mould soil.

It proved perfectly hardy, but in order to prevent the

beautiful flowers from being spoiled by severe spring

frosts he potted it subsequently and put it in a cold

house. It is at present about 5 feet high and flowered

last year at the end of March, came into leaf early in May

and fruited (very sparingly) in the first half of June. A

curious form with almost simple teeth whose points run

out into fine awns occurs occasionally along with the

typical form.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a foliage branch, nat. size: 3 and 4,

intermediate scales of a floral bud, «6; 5, foliaceous bracts, X 6; 6, bractlets at

the base of a pedicel, x 6; 7, a flower after the fall of the petals, x 4; 8, the same

halved longitudinally, x7; 9, a petal, x2; 10, a fruit, nat. size.

THE LIBRARY

OF THE

THNTRMMTY AF Haunais

IF!

hepa. London.

HFeG. Wit

EAS nelling.del. et lith

Tap. 8959.

MILLETTIA DURA.

Kquatorial Africa.

LEGUMINOSAE. Tribe GALEGEAR.

Minterria, Wight & Arnott; Benth. & Hook. f.. Gen. Plant. I. 498; Taub. in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II1. 3, 270; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. XLT.

123 (1912).

Millettia dura, Dunn, l. c. 233; affinis M. oblatac, Dunn, sed vexillo ovato et

carina haud faleata distincta.

Frutex erectus vel scandens vel saepius arbor ad 12 m. alta, trunco gracili ligno

duro, cortice cinerascente, novellis rufo-tomentosis mox calvescentibus.

Folia impari-pinnata, stipulata stipellataque, 6—9-iuga: rhachis angulata,

facie subcanaliculata, rufo-hirsutiuscula, cum petiolo basi tumido 3—7 em.

longo 15—25 cm. longa; foliola oblonga, rarius ovata (inferiora), acute

acuminata, basi rotundata vel terminale potius acutum, a basi ad apicem

increscentia, 2°5—8 em. longa, 2—3 cm. lata, papyracea, amoene viridia,

matura praeter costam gracilem subtus prominulam fere glabra, nervis

lateralibus utrinque 4—8, petiolulo 3°5—4°5 mm. longo suffulta; stipulae

lineares, rufo-tomentosae, 5—10 mm. longae; stipellae filiformes, rufo-

pilosae, 1—2 mm. longae, saepe deciduae vel inconspicuae. Paniculae race-

miformes, singulae vel 2-nae e hasi ramulorum hornotinorum ortae, oblique

patentes, pedunculo 3—7 cm. longo et, ut omnes inflorescentiae axes, rufo-

puloso incluso 10—15 em. longae, ad 20-florae ; ramuli ad nodulos 1—2 mm.

longos crassiusculos bracteatos 1—4-floros redacti; bracteae subfiliformes,

3—4 mm. longae ; pedicelli graciles, 8—12mm. longi, sub calyce ipso minute

bracteolati. Flores nutantes, 2°5—-3 cm. longi. Calyx late tubulosus, 8—10

mm. longus et 7—8 mm. diametro, viridis, rufo-pubescens, obscure et

breviter 2-labiatus, labio supero 3-dentato dentibus triangularibus vel

mucroniformibus ad 2 mm. longis, labio infero subintegro late rotundato.

Corolla coeruleo-rosea, ad vexilli laminae basin aureo-maculata: petala

omnia dorso sericea ; vexillum in ungue 5 mm. longo angulo recto recurvum,

lamina late explanata ovato-quadrata emarginata basi truncata 2 cm. longa

lataque vel paulo latiore: alae carinae appressae nisi apicem versus oblique

patentes, ungue filiformi, lamina quadrato-oblonga obtusissima paulo brev-

lore ; carina valde compressa alis fere aequilonga, apice obtusa, eius petalis

alis simillimis. Staminum tubus 22—23 mm. longus; filamentum liberum

25mm. longum. Déscus annularis, tenuis, inconspicuus. Ovarium lineare,

fulvo-sericeum, 16 mm. longum, sensim in stylum glabrum curvatum attenua-

tum. Legumen oblanceolato-lineare, acutum, 12 em. longum, sursum ad

2 cm. latum, fulvum, glabrum, dehiscens, valvis lignosis exsiccando tortis.

Semina lenticularia, 8—10 mm. diametro, atra, funiculo albido lato brevi

suspensa, M. ferruginea, Dawe in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 537 (1906)

et Rep. Miss. Uganda, 12, 13 (1906), non Hochst.

A slender-stemmed tree up to over 12 m. high or an

erect or climbing shrub from 1 to 3 m. high with all the

young parts covered with a felt of reddish or yellowish

hairs; old stems up to 7°5 cm. in diameter. The ever-

green pinnate leaves have 6 to 9 pairs of opposite leaflets

and an odd terminal one and are accompanied at the base

by short linear red-haired stipules; the leaflets are

shortly stalked with minute thread-like stipellae at their

base ; they increase in size from the base upwards from

2°5 cm. by 2 cm. to 8 cm. by 3 cm., changing at the same

time from ovate to oblong and also becoming more

acuminate; they are fresh green, papery and, in the

mature state, almost glabrous except along the slender

midrib ; the common spindle is slender, reddishly hairy

and continues downward into the leaf-stalk which is

conspicuously swollen at the base; stalk and spindle

measure together from 12 to 20 cm. The inflorescences ©

rise singly or in the number of 2 from the bases of the

season’s shoots and below their leaves, apparently from

few-scaled floral buds ; they represent panicles with the

branches reduced to short stumps which bear red-haired

narrow bracts and 1 to 4 flowers, thus resembling simple

or compound racemes; including the peduncle (3 to 7

cm.) they are 10 to 15 cm. long; the flower-stalks are

slender, about 8 mm. long and bear close to the flower a

small bractlet. The bright green more or less downy

calyx is wide and tubular, about 8 to 10 mm. by 7 to

8 mm.; it is indistinctly 5-toothed and 2-lipped, the

upper lip being represented by 3 short teeth, the lower

by a very short and broad lobe formed by the almost

complete fusion of 2 teeth. The fully open corolla, seen

from the front, is rose-coloured with a tinge of blue

towards the periphery, towards the centre it is almost car-

mine except at the base of the blade of the standard where

there is a triangular yellow mark ; all its petals are silky

on the back; the standard is borne on a slender claw

almost as long as the nearly square and slightly notched

blade which is about 2 cm. long ; the wings are for their

greater part appressed to the keel which they exceed

slightly in length, being about 28 mm. long; their blades

are like those of the keel-petals square-oblong with a very

obtuse slightly oblique top. The silky ovary is linear,

tapering gradually into the curved glabrous style. The

pods are flat, narrow, wider upwards, 12 cm. by nearly

2 cm. where widest, tawny and smooth; their woody

valves twist when the pod opens. The seeds—5 or 6 in a

pod—are lentil-shaped and black, measuring 8 to 10 mm.

in diameter.

DistRisuTION.—Equatorial Africa. Uganda: Toro;

Kibale forest, Mubuka valley, 1,700 m., Scott Elliot,

‘7,544; 1,400-1,600 m., Dawe, 452, 459, 481; Mwengi,

Snowden, 44 ; Mpanga river, Bagshaw, 1 071 ; Ankole,

1,500 m., Doggett. Ruanda, Niansa mountain, Kandt, VED

Milletia dura was discovered by Mr. G. F. Scott

Elliot in Toro on the eastern flanks of the Ruwenzori

mountains in 1894. It has since been repeatedly

collected in the same district where, so Mr. M. T. Dawe to

whom we owe the introduction of this charming plant

tells us, it is one of the characteristic trees of the immense

Kibale forest. The late Mr. Doggett who accompanied

Sir Harry Johnson to Uganda in 1899 also found it in

Ankole whilst Mr. Dunn, the monographer of Muillettia,

records it, from German material, from Ruanda, still

farther south. Whether Millbraed’s specimens, enumer-

ated by him under M. ferruginea, belong here as Mr.

Dunn suggests is doubtful, as the collector says that the

tree flowers before the leaves are out. M. dura grows,

it seems, generally into a tree, but Mr. Dawe also found

it forming low shrubs or climbing on other trees. It

possesses a remarkably hard wood—hence its specific

name. At Kew the plant which was raised from seed

supplied by Mr. Dawe in 1905 is grown as a climber in

the Palm House against the west face of the house. It

flowers there at the end of June, considerably later than

inits home. It has produced several stems, the strongest

being 3 to 4 m. high with a diameter of almost 3 cm. near

the base. It is from this plant that the present plate

has been prepared.

Many of the species of Mullettia, particularly when

climbing, recall in habit the wistarias with which we are

so familiar, but they can be readily distinguished by the

fact that in Muillettia the flowers spring from secondary

axes of the inflorescence which may as in our species be

reduced to mere stumps (racemiform panicles), whilst in

Wistaria they spring from the primary axis and may

therefore be said to be truly racemose. The number of

species of Millettia known has been more than doubled

during the last 15 or 20 years and runs now to about 140,

half of which are confined to tropical Africa, whilst the

other half ranges from India to sub-tropical China and

sub-tropical Australia, and in a single species to Japan

and another to Norfolk Island. Mr. Dunn places M. dura

in his section Serecanthae which contains mostly erect

shrubs or trees with racemiform panicles, silky petals

and non-auricled standards. It numbers 23 species, often

very nearly allied, half of them West- and half East-

African. ‘This section approaches, however, very closely

another section, Afroscandentes, which is almost entirely

West African and differs from it mainly in the climbing

habit. |

O.S.

Fig. 1, flowering branch: 2, leaflet, back view ; 3, anterior half (lower lip)

of the calyx ; 4, posterior half (upper lip) of the same ; 5, standard; 6, one of the

wing-petals; 7, one of the keel-petals; 8, sheathed stamens; 9, free, stamen ;

10. pistil. Figs. 1-7, nat. size; 8-10, x 2.

THE bincary

OF THE

{INIVERSHTY OF HUNOIS

ling. del, et lith

EE SWien eal

London

YF eG.Witherb

THE LIBRARY

OF THE

HINIVERSATY OF PLU

Tas. 8960.

LILIUM CENTIFOLIUM.

| China.

LILIACEAE. Tribe TULIPEAE.

Litrum, Linn.; Benth & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 816; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 5. 60.

Lilium centifolium, Stapf. in Gard. Chron. LXX. 101 (1921); maxime affine

L. leucantho, Baker, sed statura alta, bulbillis nullis, foliis angustioribus plerisque

l-nerviis, perigonio extra vivide colorato distinctum.

Herba bulbosa, ad 2:5 m. alta. Bulbus globosus, paulo depressus, circiter 6 cm.

altus, 8 cm. latus, squamis crassis ferrugineo-succineis apice fuscis circiter

9—10-nis in quoque orbi. Caulis glaucescens, ad foliorum insertiones fusco-

maculatus, medio 9 mm. diametro, bulbillis nullis. /olia numerosissima,

a basi sursum longiora, nisi sub inflorescentiam breviora et latiora, horizon-

taliter patula, plurima linearia vel angustissime lanceolato-linearia, utrinque

sensim attenuata, longiora ad 45 cm. longa, 5—7 mm. lata, 1l-nervia (?.e.,

costa tantum conspicua), subsumma lanceolata, 20—15 cm. longa, ad 18 mm.

lata, 3-nervia nervis lateralibus tenuibus, summa inflorescentiam verticilla-

tim subtendentia circiter 6-na, 10 em. longa, ad 25 mm. lata, tenuiter 5—7-

nervia, omnia facie atro-viridia, dorso pallida et fere glauca, glaberrima.

Flores 7—18, in racemum brevem dispositi, in pedicellis subpenduli, suaveo-

lentes ; pedicelli patuli vel oblique ascendentes, 10—12 cm. longi, bracteo-

lam foliaceam 8—5 cm. longam gerentes. Perianthium in alabastro perfecto

subclavatum, ad 15 cm. longum, apertum infundibuliforme, e basi sensim

dilatatum, segmentis apice revolutis, circiter 12 cm.longum et per os 8—10

em. diametro, extra vivide coloratum, intra praeter fundum citrinum

candidum; segmenta exteriora anguste oblanceolato-oblonga, superne

2228 mm. lata, extra praeter margines superiores magis Minusve purpur-

ascentia, interiora elliptico-oblonga in unguem linearem angustum minute

ciliolatum attenuata, 36—44 mm. lata, extra virescentia costa fusco-purpurea,

omnia apiculo obtuso papilloso; nectaria linearia, viridia, glabra. Pila-

menta 10—11 mm. longa, ad medium papillosa ; antherae ad 2 cm. longae,

polline ferrugineo. Ovarium cylindricum; stylus 9°5 cm. longus, basi per

2—2°5 cm. papillosus, apicem versus incrassatus ; stigma depresso-capitatum,

3-lobum, 8 mm. diametro. Capsula oblonga, basi breviter contracta,

circiter 6 cm. longa, 2°5 cm. diametro. Semina ambitu oblique obovoidea,

8—9 mm. longa lataque. Groves in Gard. Chron. LX XI. 228, 229, fig. 120

(1922). ZL. Brownti kansuense, Farrer in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XLII,

81 (1916) and On the Eaves of the World, IT. 3 (1917); Cl. Elliot in Gard.

Chron. XXVIII. 93 (1920); Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XLVI. p. lxviii. (1921).

L. sp. (F. 316) Farrer in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soe. Lc.

A lily with a densely leafy somewhat glaucous stem, up

to 2 or even 2°5 m. high, which springs from a slightly

depressed bulb, about 8 cm. in diameter and covered with

thick fleshy dark honey-coloured scales. The very

numerous leaves are dark green above and paler or almost

glaucous below; they increase upwards in length until,

some distance below the flowers, they decrease again,

becoming wider at the same time ; they spread horizon-

tally, curving downwards very slightly towards the tips ;

all but the uppermost are linear or lanceolate-lmear,

tapering towards both ends, measuring up to 45 cm. in

length with a width ot 5 to 7 mm. and, their lateral

nerves being very obscure, they appear generally I-

nerved ; the uppermost, including those which support

the inflorescence in a whorl, are lanceolate, 20 to 10 cm.

by 18 to 25 mm. and distinctly 3-nerved, or those of the

whorl 5- to 7-nerved. The sweet-scented flowers, 6 to

18 in number, are disposed in a short almost umbel-like |

raceme and slightly pendulous on their horizontal or

oblique pedicels ; they are 15 cm. long, measured in the

mature bud. The fully open perianth is funnel-shaped,

widening from the very base upwards into a wide mouth

with revolute tips and measuring about 12 cm. by 8 to

10 cm. across the mouth ; within, the perianth is of a

pure white which, in the throat, passes into a light lemon-

yellow, whilst without it is richly flushed with dark

purple on the narrow outer segments, and greenish with

a deep brown-purple midrib on the broader inner seg-

ments; the nectaries are linear, green, and not bordered

with papillae. The filaments are densely papillose up to

the middle and bear rust-red anthers about 2 cm. long.

The style is papillose at the base for about 2 to 2°5 cm.

and conspicuously thickened below the depressed stigma

which is about 8 mm. in diameter. The capsule is oblong —

and shortly contracted at the base and measures about

6 cm. by 25 cm. The numerous flat seeds are obliquely

obovate and 8—-9 mm. long.

DISTRIBUTION.—-See below.

It was in June, 1914, that Reginald Farrer came across

this very stately lily in a cottage garden near Siku

(approximately 104° 20’ HK. Long., 33° 15’ N. Lat.) in

Kansu. This is how he describes his discovery :—‘ It

was here at a turn in the path, that in the strip of a garden

under a cottage wall, I saw the first of the two specimens,

that were all J ever came on, of a regalish-leaved lily, so

enormous and magnificent in promise, that I suspect it

of being that obscure and wrongly named problem, L.

Brownei ‘ kansuense,’ which is certainly not L. Brownei,

and almost equally certainly’ really not ‘ kansuense,’

being in both these instances at least, a treasure of cottage

gardens of which there was no trace anywhere to be seen

or heard of in the neighbourhood as a wild plant.” In

the autumn (end of October) of the same year he had the

satisfaction of securing from the same source ample

mature seed to send home. Six years later Mr. Clarence

Elliot exhibited the lily at a meeting of the Royal Horti-

cultural Society on July 27th, it having flowered then

for the third year in his nursery at Stevenage (Herts).

The same year Kew received flowering specimens from

Mr. F. C. Stern, who grew them in his garden at High-

down, Goring-by-Sea (Sussex), whilst a bulb also obtained

from Mr. Stern came into flower last June, when the

present plate was prepared. Mr. Elwes also grew it at

Colesborne and it was owing to his interest in the plant

that J undertook a preliminary revision of the “* Brownei ”’

group which eventually was published in the Gardeners’

Chronicle of August 20th, 1921. To this I have little to

add, except that I feel now doubtful as to the inclusion

of Henry’s plant from Fang in Hupeh. The description

I gave there of L. centifoliwm as having “ pure white ”’

flowers, a character taken from a note of Henry’s, has

in any case to be emended in accordance with that given

here. Thus the natural home of the lily remains still to

be discovered, if it has not altogether its origin in a

Chinese garden with L. leucanthum as an ancestor. Mr.

Elwes and Mr. Groves have suggested a relationship with

L. sulfureum. No doubt this exists in a wider sense, but

having watched both species as they grew side by side

and flowered in the Conservatory at Kew last year, L.

centifolium at the end of June, L. sulfurewm in October

I have come to the conclusion that the two plants are

more definitely distinct than L. centifolium and L. leu-

canthim. LL. sulfwreum produces bulbils as L. leucanthum

is said to do normally—there are specimens in the Kew

Herbarium without such, but as they represent only

sections of flowering stems, they afford no conclusive

proof; besides it is doubtful whether the production of

bulbils can always be depended upon—-and it has, as the

name implies, sulphur-yellow flowers whose segments

connive so as to form a tube which is cylindric from the

base upwards for a considerable distance before it widens

funnel-fashion ; further its filaments are glabrous

throughout and so is also the style.

Whether L. centifolium will become a permanent and

general acquisition for gardens in this country has still

to be seen. It has grown well out of doors in some

places—Mr. Clarence Elliot grew it on a rockery without

any particular attention being given to it and in one case

it produced an inflorescence of 18 flowers, and Mr. F. C.

Stern was equally successful. In Kew, it was planted out

in the Conservatory where it was for two or three weeks

an object of much admiration owing to its size and the

beauty of its flowers which seemed almost too large for

the slender stem and suggested the need of a more sturdy

support in exposed places such as the grounds of most

gardens, or else of a perfectly wind-sheltered corner.

O.8.

Fig. 1, upper part of a flowering plant, } of nat. size; 2, bulb, 4 nat. size ;

3, part of stem with leaves, near the middle; 4, leaf from the upper part of the

stem ; 5, a flower seen from the front ; 6, same in profile : 7, nectary of an outer

perianth segment; 8, nectary of an inner perianth segment; 9, stamen; 10,

pistil; 11, capsule; 12, seed, x2; figs. 3—11, nat. size.

i a a fo lt aca 9p en

AWE Ui0RaRY

_ OF THE

BaNeMSITY OF HusOS

Tas. 8961.

DICTAMNUS ALBUS VAR. CAUCASICUS.

Crimea and Caucasus.

RUTACEAE. Tribe RUTEAE.

Dictramnus, Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. I. 287; Engler in Engl. & Pranil, Nat.

Pflanzenf. III. 4. 133.

Dictamnus albus, L., Sp. Pl. ed. I. 383, var. caucasicus, Rouy in Rouy et Fouce.,

Flore de France IV. 139 (1897); omnibus partibus maioribus, foliolis latioribus,

petalis superioribus ovatis vel elliptico-ovatis basi rotundatis et abrupte in

unguem attenuatis a planta typica divergit.

Herba erecta, caulibus teretibus leviter costatis pubescentibus glandulis atro-

brunneis sessilibus conspersis. Folia pari- vel imparipinnata ; foliola 11—14,

ovata vel elliptica, apice acuta et inconspicue emarginata, basi angustata,

sessilia, inter se inaequalia, 4—8°5 cm. longa, 1°5—4 cm. lata, margine minute

dentata, costa nervisque facie fere planis dorso prominentibus, nervis

lateralibus utrinque 6—10, infra pilis brevibus conspersa, supra fere glabra.

Inflorescentia paniculata, circiter 6 dm. longa, albo-pilosula glandulis inter-

spersis ; bracteae bracteolaeque lineares vel anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae,

0°5—2 cm. longae ; pedicelli0°3—2cm. longi. Sepala5, lanceolata, 6—8 mm.

longa, 2—3 mm. lata, dorso marginibusque pubescentia et glandulosa. Petala

5, patentia, acuta, 3°2 cm. longa; 4 superiora adscendentia, ovata vel

elliptico-ovata, basi plus minusve rotundata et abrupte in unguem 3—4mm.

longum attenuata, 1°3 cm. lata, rosea, venis purpureis ; infimum declinatum,

elliptico-lanceolatum, 9 mm. latum, basi gradatim angustatum, vix venosum.

Stamina 10, declinata, filamentis filiformibus apice setiformibus 2—2°5 cm.

longis inferne leviter pubescentibus roseis superne glandulosis luteo-viridibus,

antheris 1:5 mm. longis. Ovariuwm 5-lobum, 3mm. longum, 3mm. diametro,

stipite 3 mm. longo suffultum, glanduloso-hispidum, brunneo-purpureum ;

stylus filiformis, declinatus, glaber, coccineus; stigma capitatum. Capsula

5-locularis, stipitata, valvis hispidis. Semina ovoidea, 4—5 mm. longa,

nitentia, atra. Dictamnus Frazinella, Pers., var. caucasicus, Fisch. et Mey.,

Index sextus seminum, Petropol., 1840, 49; Boiss. Fl. Or. J. 920 (1867).

D. gymnostylis, Stev. in Verz. taur. Pfl. 1857, 100. D. caucasicus, A. Gallet

in Rev. Hort. Belge XXXII. 254, f. 59 (1906).

An erect herb of tufted growth with pubescent and

glandular stems. The leaves are pinnate with Il to 14

ovate or elliptic leaflets, which are 4-8°5 cm. long and

1°5-4 cm. broad, minutely toothed at the margin and with

6 to 10 lateral nerves on each side of the midrib, nearly

glabrous above but with short scattered hairs below. The

inflorescence is panicled, about 6 dm. long and has a

covering of white hairs mixed with dark reddish-brown

glands ; the bracts and bracteoles are narrow, acuminate

and 0°3 to 2 cm. long. The 5 sepals are lanceolate,

slightly unequal, 6-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad and softly

hairy with scattered glands in addition. The 5 petals are

spreading, acute and 3:2 cm. long; the upper 4 are

1°3 cm. broad, ovate or elliptic-ovate and rounded below

before passing abruptly into a claw, rose in colour, veined

with purple; the lowest one is not so broad, gradually

narrowed below and not or inconspicuously veined with

purple. The 10 stamens have slender filaments, thread-

like at the apex and glandular in the upper part while

the lower is slightly hairy. The ovary is 5-lobed, stalked,

3 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, densely covered with

glands and hairs and brown-purple in colour; the style

is slender, curved down and not hairy. The capsule is

5-locular, stalked, and has rough valves. The seeds are

ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, shining and black.

DISTRIBUTION.—Caucasus and Crimea (Callier, Munro,

Saint Supéry).

The handsome plant which is the subject of the present

plate is apparently the Caucasian and Crimean repre-

sentative of the polymorphic Linnean species Dictamnus

albus, which, in its various forms, stretches across Central

and South Europe and Central Asia, from Spain to Man-

churia, China and Corea. A considerable number of

names, specific and varietal, have been applied to various

wild and cultivated plants which are placed under

Dictamnus albus, L., by most authors. There seems no:

sufficient basis for altering this arrangement, until cul-

tural and breeding experiments indicate the stability, or

otherwise, of the various types, and the relative value of

the characters hitherto used. The variety caucasicus is

chiefly recognised by the shape of its upper ascending

petals, which are more ovate and decidedly more abruptly

contracted into their claws than they are in the plants

regarded as typical. There are, however, other, possibly

minor, and doubtfully constant, distinctions, such as the

larger general habit, the broader leaflets and glabrous style.

In cultivation the variety caucasicus makes a finer

show than the type. It can easily be raised from seed

and is most suitably grown as a border plant in light and

dry soil. At Kew it fruits and seeds abundantly. For

the specimen figured in our plate we are indebted to Miss

Willmott, who grew it in her garden at Warley Place,.

Great Warley, Essex. W. B. TuRRILL.

Fig. 1, upper part of an inflorescence and of a leaf, nat. size; 2, upper part

of a filament and dehisced anther, x 6; 3, a flower, with the petals and stamens:

removed, X2; 4, fruit (a small specimen), nat. size; 5, seed, X 3.

THE Usaany

- OF TRE

MMIVERSITY OF fLumars

Tas. 8962.

DEUTZIA PULCHRA.

Philippines and Formosa.

SAXIFRAGACEAE, Tribe HyDRANGEAR.

Deutzia, Thunb.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 642; Engl. & Prantl, Nat.

Pflanzenf. III. 2a. 72.

Deutzia pulchra, Vidal, Pl. Vasc. Filip. 124 (1886); affinis D. ningpoénst,

Rehder, sed petiolis longioribus, stylis semper 5, fructibus multo maioribus

distinguitur.

Frutex erectus, ramosissimus, ramis iunioribus squamis stellatis obtectis mox

glabrescentibus. SF olva lanceolata, elliptico-lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata,

apice acuta vel aucminata, basi subrotundata vel cuneata, 4—7 cm. longa,

1:6—2:7 cm. lata, costa nervisque in pagina inferiore prominentibus, in

pagina superiore leviter impressis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8—12 marginem

versus anastomostantibus, margine dentibus parvis acutis instructa, supra

pilis stellatis saepissime 5—6-radiatis conspersa, infra pilis vel squamis

multiradiatis obtecta; petiolus 5—8 mm. longus, squamis multiradiatis

obtectus. Inflorescentiae paniculatae, ramos laterales terminantes, 5—7 cm.

longae, rhachi et florum omnibus partibus externis squamis multiradiatis

dense obtectis ; pedicelli circiter 5 mm. longi; bracteae caducae, lineares,

1:5 mm. longae; alabastra pendula, ovoidea, apice obtusa vel rotundata,

petalis induplicato-valvatis. Receptaculum subglobosum, calycis lobis

5 late ovato-triangularibus subacutis inclusis circiter 5 mm. longum.

Petala linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, acuta, 1:2 cm. longa, 4 mm. lata.

Stamina in verticillos 2 disposita, filamentis planis vix 1 mm. infra apicem

trifidis, lobo intermedio antherifero, exterioribus 1 cm. longis, interioribus

9 mm. longis; antherae fere 2 mm. longae. Stylz 5, filiformes, liberi, 1 cm.

| ongi, Altes stigmata capitata. Capsula 5-locularis, subglobosa, 4—5 mm.

alta, stylis 5 persistentibus patentibus instructa. Semina oblonga, com-

pressa, membranaceo-alata, 1:55 mm. longa. C. K. Schneider in Mitt.

Deutsch. Dendrolog. Ges. 1904, 180 et Ilustr. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 931

(1912); Merrill and Merritt in Philipp. Journ. Sci. V. 351 (1910);

Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. I. 18 (1911).

An erect shrub, much branched and with the younger

branches covered with many-rayed scales, though later

becoming more or less glabrous. The leaves vary from

lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, with an acute to acuminate

apex and a nearly rounded to cuneate base ; the blade

is 4 to 7 cm. long and 1°6 to 2°7 cm. broad with the nerves

prominent below and slightly impressed above ; the

upper surface has a covering of stellate hairs with 5-6

rays, whilst the lower is much more densely covered

with many-rayed scales, a similar covering occurring on

the leaf-stalk. The inflorescences are panicled, 5 to 7 cm.

long and terminate lateral branches whose covering of

many-rayed star-like scales is continued through all

portions up to the external parts of the flowers. The

flower-stalks are 5 mm. long and the bracts narrowly

linear, falling off as the ovoid pendulous buds expand.

The receptacle is broadly and shortly cup-shaped, of a

total length of 5 mm., and crowned by five broadly

triangular subacute sepals. The pelals are linear or

linear-lanceolate, acute and about 1'2 cm. by 4 mm.

“The stamens are in two whorls, an outer with filaments

1 cm. long and an inner with filaments 9 mm. long, all

having two lateral arms or appendages about 1 mm.

below the apex. The styles are constantly five in

number, free one from another, 1 cm. long, glabrous and

slightly turned outwards before ending in the knob-like

stigmas. The capsule has five compartments, is nearly

round and 4-5 mm. in diameter, with five persistent

spreading styles. The seeds have membranous wings.

The interesting and beautiful plant here figured was

raised from seed by the Marquis of Headfort, Headfort

House, Kells, and apparently flowered three years after

the seed was sown. Lord Headfort obtained the seed

from Sir Frederick Moore who received it from the

Arnold Arboretum with the information that it had

been collected by Wilson in Formosa, Wilson’s number

being 10906. The plants were considered too tender for

the climate of the Arnold Arboretum and ne attempt

was made to grow them there, but the seeds were

distributed.

Deutzia pulchra is the only species of the genus

which is known from the Philippines, where it is limited

to the districts of Abra, Lepanto, and Benguet in the

north-east of the island of Luzon. Its range was con-

siderably extended to the north by its discovery in

Formosa, at Bankinsing, by Dr. A. Henry. In the

Philippines it is stated to occur in the upper pine-region

in ravines and on open slopes. From dates given on

the labels in the Kew Herbarium it would appear to

flower between October and March in its native habitats,

but it seems that shrubs in flower might be found

throughout the year.

The exact value to be ascribed to the character

of the hair-covering on the upper and lower surfaces

of the leaves is somewhat doubtful. In the cultivated

specimen figured, the upper surface of the leaves is

provided with branched star-like hairs, each with 5 to 6

rays, whilst the lower surface has a denser covering of

scales with many rays. The difference between hairs

and scales is by no means sharp when all the plant-parts

are examined in a series of specimens, and, in most

of the dried material seen, especially that from the

Philippines, there is little to distinguish the coverings on

the two sides of the leaf, except that on the upper-

surface the scales are much more scattered.

The genus Deutzia has its headquarters in China, from

which country over forty species are already known.

Three, or possibly four, species occur in India and one in

northern Asia. One species, Deutzia mexicana, Hemsl.,

occurs in Mexico and is the sole representative of the

genus in the New World. Within the genus, Deutzia

pulchra, which is the only species to reach the Malay

Archipelago, is placed in the section Hudeutzia, Engler,

subsection Scabrae, Rehder, on account of the induplicate-

valvate estivation of the corolla in the bud and the

paniculate inflorescence. Within this subsection it is

distinguished from other species by the, sometimes,

dimorphous character of the indumentum, by the simple

toothing of the leaves and by the constant presence of

five persistent styles. W. B. TurRRILt.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a hair from the upper side of a leaf,

70; 3, a hair from the lower side of a leaf, x 70; 4, a flower with the petals

removed, <2; the same, with the petals and stamens removed, slightly more

enlarged ; 6, a branchlet of a fruiting panicle, nat. size; 7, a capsule seen from

above, X2°5: 8, a section of a capsule, upper half seen from below, X 2°5:

9, a seed, x 20.

THE Libaaay ;

OF THE

OIIVEASITY OF Lunas

TAB. 8963.

RHODODENDRON CANTABILE.

China.

ERICACEAE, ‘Tribe RHODODENDREAE.

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 11.599; Drude in Eng.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron cantabile, Bal/. /. ms. (sp. nov.); affinis R. achroantho, Balf. f.

et W. W. Sm., et R. rupicolae, W. W. Sm., ab illo inflorescentia circiter 10-flora,

floribus purpureo-coeruleis, staminibus 10, ab hoc foliis maioribus plerumque

ovato-ellipticis, calyce et corolla elepidotis differt.

Frutex parvus, ad 1 m. altus; rami circiter 5 mm. crassi, inconspicue lepidoti ;

ramuli annotini circiter 8 cm. longi, laxe foliati, 2°5 mm. crassi, squamis

parvis rubris et flavis dense induti, hornotini squamis flavidis densissime

obtecti. Folia oblongo- vel ovato-elliptica, utrinque rotundata, apice vix

mucronata, 2—3 cm. longa, 0'8—1-3 cm. lata, coriacea, facie squamis leviter

impressis flavidis contiguis, dorso squamis leviter imbricatis ferrugineis vel

flavescentibus et papillis dense induta; costa media facie leviter impressa,

dorso basi lata et prominens, squamis fulvidis; nervi laterales utrinsecus

circiter 4, inconspicui; petiolus supra planus, 1-5—3 mm. longus, imbricatim

lepidotus. Inflorescentiae capitato-globosae, terminales vel ex axillis ramorum

annotinorum, sessiles, circiter 10-florae ; bracteae exteriores latissime ovatae,

mucronatae, dorso densissime lepidotae, facie apicem versus leviter sericeae,

dense et breviter ciliolatae, coriaceae, circiter | cm. longae et 1:3 cm. latae ;

bracteolae lineari-spatulatae, superne pilosae ; pedicelli vix 2 mm. longi,

lepidoti. Calyx 5-partitus, 4—5 mm. longus, segmentis late ellipticis extra

fere glabris fimbriato-ciliatis. Corolla purpureo-coerulea, circiter 2 em. longa,

glabra, elepidota; tubus late infundibuliformis, 6 mm. longus; lobi 5, ovati,

basi auriculati, apice rotundati, haud emarginati, 6—7 mm. lati. Stamina 10,

longe exserta, corolla paulo longiora; filamenta basin versus laxe villosa,

rubescentia; antherae fere 2 mm. longae, brunneae. Ovarium viride,

lepidotum ; stylus inferne laxe pilosus, ruber, staminibus paulo longior, sub

stigmate discoideo minute lobulato paulo incrassatus.

A small shrub with stout branches clothed with

withered blackish scales; one-year-old branchlets are

about 8 cm. long and 2°5 mm. thick, loosely leafy, and

covered with small red and yellow scales. The leaves

are distinctly stalked and have an oblong- or ovate-

elliptic blade, rather rounded at both ends and scarcely

mucronate at the tip, measuring 2-3 cm. by 0°8-1°3 cm.,

leathery, dark dull green above and more or less rusty-

yellow beneath; they are densely covered on both

surfaces with short slightly overlapping stalked scales ;

the scaly leaf-stalk is 15-3 mm. long. The inflorescences

are dense sessile clusters of up to 10 flowers terminal or

borne in the fork of the previous season’s growths ;

the outer bracts are leathery, broadly ovate with a

distinct point, very densely scaly outside, shortly silky

hairy towards the apex on the inside and densely fringed

with short hairs and measure 1 cm. by 1°3 cm.: the

bractlets at the base of the flower-stalks which are hardly

2 mm. long and scaly are very narrowly spoon-shaped

and hairy in the upper part. The calyz is 5-cleft nearly to

the base and 4-5 mm. long, the broadly elliptic divisions,

being almost. glabrous on the back, but fringed with hairs.

The glabrous purple-blue corolla is about 2 cm. long and

not scaly ; the broadly funnel-shaped tube is 6 mm. long,

whilst the 5 ovate lobes are ear-shaped at the base and —

6-7 mm. broad. The stamens protrude from the corolla;

the filaments are laxly bearded towards the base, reddish,

and the anthers pale brown. The green ovary is covered

with small scales ; the style is red and very loosely hairy

in the lower part, it slightly overtops the stamens and

gradually expands into the disc-like lobulate stigma.

DISTRIBUTION.—China; Yunnan, mountains north-

east of Chungtien (28 N. lat.), Forrest, 16,583, a. 1918.

Rhododendron cantabile is a new species which Sir Isaac

Bailey Balfour named cantabile in reference to its charm-

ing flowers which are “worth to be sung.” Mr. J. C..

Williams of Caerhays Castle, Cornwall, who contributed

a specimen for the Botanical Magazine, considers it the

best of the “lapponicum’”’ group of Rhododendron. The

plant inhabits in its home open alpine pastures and cliffs.

at an altitude of 4,600 m. and flowers in July. It is

perfectly hardy in Cornwall, but does not thrive in soil

with much leaf-mould. We have not seen Forrest’s field

specimens, but Professor W. W. Smith informs us that the

cultivated specimen figured here is a more vigorous plant

with larger leaves, this being no doubt due to cultivation.

The affinity of A. cantabile is clearly with R. achroanthum.

and &. rapicola, both of which occur on the Chungtien

Plateau. The former differs in its 3-flowered inflorescence

and dull magenta-red flowers with usually 5 stamens and

the latter in its smaller oblong-elliptic leaves and lepidote

calyces and corollas. J. HutTcHINson.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size ; 2 and 3, scales from the scurf of a leaf

in side- and top-view, < 60: 4, a bract from the base of a pedicel, <8; 5, a calyx

in back-view, <3; 6, a corolla, cut open and spread out, X 1:5; 7, stamen, X 5 =:

8, a pistil, x 5.; 9, a section through an ovary, xX 10.

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Tas. 8964.

XEROPHYLLUM TENAX.

North America.

LILIACEAE. Tribe HELONIEAE.

XEROPHYLLUM, Michx.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 826; Engl. in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. I. 5. 22.

X. tenax, Nwit., Gen. Am. I. 235 (1818); affine X. asphodeloidi, Nutt., sed

foliis latioribus, racemo multo maiore, floribus maioribus distinctum.

Herba perennis, glaberrima, e rhizomate crasso obliquo comam densissimam

foliorum et scapum crebre foliatum edens. Folia basalia e basi paulo

dilatata pallida vel purpurascente anguste linearia, sursum longissime

setaceo-attenuata, 25—45 (teste S. Watson ad 90) cm. longa, ad tertiam

partem 2—4 mm. lata, dura, facie atro-viridia, dorso glaucescentia, ad

margines serrulato-aspera, nervis prominulis superne tenuiter striata, costa

inferne dorso latiusculg; folia scapi similia, sed multo breviora et praeter

basin dilatatam ad margines membranaceam angustiora. Scapus erectus,

racemo excluso 3—6 dm. longus, basi ad 1 cm. crassus. Racemus primo

subhemisphaericus vel obovoideus, apice saepe in comam_ bracteatam

productus, 7—10 em. latus, deinde sensim elongatus, anthesi peracta 30

vel ultra 30 cm. longus et ob pedicellos erectos angustus (ad 4 cm. latus) ;

bracteae e basi late albo-membranacea setaceae, pedicellos subaequantes

vel superiores praeter costam viridem totae membranaceae et 1 cm. vix

longiores ; pedicelli albi, inferiores ad 5 cm., intermedii circiter 3 cm. longi.

Perianthti segmenta patentia, alba vel subflavescentia, oblonga vel oblongo-

lanceolata, acuta vel subacuta, 8—9 mm. longa, ad 2 mm. lata. Filamenta

perianthii segmenta aequantia rarius paulo longiora; antherae extrorsum

dehiscentes, primo lineari-oblongae, 3°5—4 mm. longae, post dehiscentiam

contractae, subglobosae, induratae. Ovarium trigono-ovoideum, sectione.

transversa 3-loba; ovula 6 in quoquo loculo; styli 3, revoluti, explanati

ad 3 mm. longi, facie papillosi. Capsula late ovoidea, transverse alte 3-loba,

breviter acuta vel subacuta, 4:5—6 mm. longa, loculicida. Semina ambitu

oblique ovata, 3—4 mm. longa, acuta, sectione transversa cuneata dorso

1:25—-1'5 mm. lata, pallida. Jepson, Fl. West. Middle Calif. 123 (1901);

2nd ed. 107 (1911): F. R. S. Balfour in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XLI. 25,

fig. 18 (1915); J. K. Henry, F!. South. Brit. Columb. 83 (1915); Rydb.,

Fl. Rock. Mount. 147 (1917); P.C. Stanley in Gard. Chron. LXVIII. 273,

fig. 275 (1920). Helonias tenax, Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. 243 (1814).

A perennial herb with a stout rootstock bearing a dense

tuft of sedge-like leaves and a tall leafy flowering scape.

The leaves, which are pale or purplish at the slightly wider

base, but otherwise of a rich green on the face and glaucous

on the back, are tough and hard with very rough edges ;

they are 25 to 45 or more cm. long and 2 to 4 mm. broad

and taper to a long fine point. The stout erect scape

rises to 30 to 60 cm. ; its numerous leaves are similar to

those of the basal tufts, but much shorter and narrower,

with wide membranous margins at the base. The inflores-

cence is a many-flowered raceme which at first is broadly

and violet can be relied upon—the figure shows them

greenish or yellowish-white with a purple or violet ovary—

they would suggest a plant distinct from X. tenax; but S.

Watson’s description of X. Douglasii fits neither, unless

it was drawn up from a small-flowered and small-fruited

state of X. tenax. Forms approaching such a condition

may indeed be found not only among Douglas’s specimens —

but also in recent collectings.

Xerophyllum comprises 2, or if X. Douglasii is admitted, —

3 species. It forms together with 2 monotypic North

American genera, among them Helonias (see Bot. Mag.

t. 747), which has been in cultivation since 1758, and

3 small Japanese genera, the subtribe Helonieae. This is —

intermediate between the Tofieldicae and Veratreae,

familiar to us through the genera from which these sub-

tribes have derived their names, and the first of them also

through Nartheciwm, a genus, like Tofieldia, of wide

distribution. O.S.

Fig. 1, base of tuft of leaves, nat. size; 2, inflorescence in an early state, nat.

size ; 3, portions of a leaf, in face and back-view, nat. size; 4, anthers, « 4: 5,

pistil, X 4; 6, style with stigmatic papulae, x 6; 7, diagrammatic section

through ovary. ;

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Tas. 8965.

CYPRIPEDIUM HIMALAICUM.

Himalaya and West China.

ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe CYPRIPEDIINAE.,

Cypripepium, L.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 634 (1883) ; Cypripedilum,

Aschers.; Pfitz. in Engl. & Pranil, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 6. 82 (1889), et Nachir.

I. 97 (1897) III. 76 (1906), et tn Engl. Pflanzenreich, IV. 50 (1903).

Cypripedium himalaicum, Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc, XXIX. 319 (1892) ;

affine C. macrantho, Sw., et C. tbetico, King ex Rolfe, sed florum plerumque

minorum colore, sepalis petalisque angustioribus, staminodio luteo multo minore

differt.

Herba perennis, 15—45 em. alta, rhizomate repente, caule foliato sursum crispo-

pubescente basi cataphyllis 2 vaginato. Folia 4 quorum infimum saepe

laminam admodum reductam habet, infra medium caulem sita, ovata vel

elliptica, acuta vel acute acuminata, basi in vaginam apertam contracta,

6—12 cm. longa, 3—5 cm. lata, chartacea, sparse crispo-pubescentia vel

tandem glabrata. los solitarius pedunculo 7—12 cm. longo; bractea

foliacea, erecta, lanceolata, cymbiformis, 5—7 cm. longa, explanata ad 2 cm.

lata; pedicellus 0°5—1°5 cm. longus. Receptaculum fusiforme vel ambitu

oblanceolatum, costulatum, superne pubescens, circiter 1°5 em. longum.

Sepalum posticum cymbiforme, apiculatum, 2—3 cm. longum, 1:5—1'75 em.

latum (explanatum), viridi-flavum, rubro-lineatum, haud vel vix reticulato-

venosum, glabrum ; sepala lateralia eadem indole ac colore, sed in phyllum

oblongum acutum vel 2-cuspidatum sub labio porrectum 2—2°5 em. longum

0:'6—1'4 cm. latum connata. Petala lanceolata, sursum longe attenuata,

2:5—3 cm. longa, 0°8—1 cm. lata, intra basin versus sparse hirsuta, caeterum

sepalis similia. Labellum globosum vel ovoideo-globosum, 2°5—3 (raro 3:5)

em. longum, ostio antice semi-orbiculari crenulato postice lobis triangu-

laribus proiectis constricto, extra purpureum vel fusco-purpureum nisi

postice flavescens et ad ostium albicans, glaberrimum, intra fundo flavicans

et purpureo-maculatum et hirsutum. Colwmna virescens, 3—5 mm. longa.

Staminodium stipitatum, e basi subcordata ovatum, obtusum, in dorso

leviter costatum, 6—9 mm. longum, luteum, nisi facie sub margine parce

rubro-punctatum. Antherae orbiculares, 1:75 mm. latae, filamenti cornu

vix superatae. St¢gma peltatum, staminodio brevius, ambitu late ellipticum.

Capsula (vix matura) obovoideo-clavata, 1°5 cm. longa, superne 1 cm. lata.

Franch. in Journ. de Bot. VIII. 249 (1894); Rolfe in Orchid Review IV.

333 (1896); King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta VIIT. 342, t. 448 (1898) ;

Pfitzer in Pflanzenreich. IV. 50, 35 (1903). C. macranthon, Hook. f., FI.

Brit. Ind. V. 170 (1890), non Sw. C. macranthon var. himalaicum, Kranzl.,

Orchid. Gen. et Spec. I. 26 (1897).

A perennial herb, 15 to 45 cm. high ; the stem pubescent

upwards, sheathed at the base by 2 elongated mem-

branous cataphylls. The leaves are convolute in bud and

4 in number; the lowest is more or less reduced whilst

the others have an ovate or elliptic acute or acuminate

blade, contracted at the base into an open sheath ; they

are 6 to 12 cm. long and 3 to 5 cm. broad, papery and

sparingly beset with crisped hairs or at length glabrous.

The solitary flowers are borne on a peduncle 7 to 12 em.

ae and supported by a boat-shaped erect leafy bract,

5 to 7 cm. long, which surrounds the short pedicel. The

Beetle sepal is boat-shaped, 2 to 3 cm. long, glabrous

and marked with deep-red lines on a greenish-yellow

ground, whilst the lateral sepals are united into a single

oblong and sometimes 2-toothed “ synsepal ” of the same

colouring, which is placed below the lip. The petals

resemble the sepals, ‘but are lanceolate, much narrowed —

upwards and hairy on the face. The lip is of the shape

of a hollow, sometimes slightly elongated globe, 2°5 to

3 cm. long, ‘with a wide mouth, which is semicircular in

front and constricted behind by triangular lobes which

project across it; the lip is purple or maroon-purple on

the outside except towards the back and the edge of the

mouth, which are yellow and white respectively ; inside

it is paler and yellowish with red spots and rough hairs

on the back. The staminode is ovate from a slightly

heart-shaped base, 6 to 9 mm. long, and yellow with a

slender ridge on the back. The anthers are 1°75 to 2 mm.

in diameter and hardly exceeded by the horn-shaped

appendage of the filament. The stzgma is yellow and of

the shape of an oblong shield with the papillae on the

lower face. The capsules are shortly and stoutly club-

shaped.

DistrrpuTion.—Himalaia from Tihri Garhwal to

Bootan from 2,700-4,200 m. West China; Szechuan,

Tachienlu and neighbourhood, 3,000-3,600 m.

The present plate was prepared from a plant communi-

cated by the late Mr. Elwes. It was one of a number of

specimens he raised from roots which he had received

from Mr. Cave, the Curator of the Lloyd Botanical

Garden at Darjeeling and which had originally come from

the Zemu valley in Sikkim. It was in the neighbourhood

of that valley, only a few miles to the north of where it

joins the Lachen Valley, that Hooker collected a suite of

specimens (No. 317) of the same plant and illustrated it

by one of his masterly field-drawings (No. 317). In Flora

of British India he referred it to Cypripedi um macranthon,

but with a note which implies a suggestion of doubt. He

remarks :—“ In Sikkim specimens gathered by myself,

the dorsal sepal is broadly oblong, 1 in. long, and the

petals as long but narrower and lanceolate, both yellow-

green and striped with dark red.” These are features

not met with anywhere in the C. macranthon (B.M. t.

2938) of Swartz, which is indeed very uniform through-

out its vast area (Central Russia through Siberia to the

Ussuri and to Kamtchatka and northern China). They

are, moreover, coupled with others affecting the sexual

apparatus and, with them, form a correlated whole of

distinctive characters which cannot be disregarded.

Rolfe was therefore perfectly justified in treating the

Himalayan plant as a distinct species. Mr. Elwes, in

discussing (in Gard. Chron. LXX. 75; 1921) his plant

referred to the, in my opinion, somewhat unsatisfactory

figures of C. tabeticum and C. himalaicum in the Annals

of the Calcutta Gardens, and questioned whether

his plant could be C. tibeticum, but a glance at

the figure of the latter published in this work (t. 8070) will

show that this is quite inadmissible. Rolfe also included

in his C. himalaicum specimens collected by Duthie in

the north-western Himalaya in Tihri Garhwal and on the

Kumaon—Nepal frontier and others collected by Pratt

in the neighbourhood of Tachienlu, Szechuan. 'To them

might be added further material sent home by Wilson

from Szechuan in 1904, so that we have to ascribe to the

Species a wide range of distribution, covering almost the

whole of the inner Himalaya and the mountain ranges of

Western China within a vertical zone from 2,700 to over

4,000 m. C. macranthon apparently approaches this

area nowhere, but it is represented in Eastern Szechuan

by a close ally, C. fasciolatum, and through a considerable

part of the area of C. himalaicum by C. tebeticum, which

differs from it most obviously in the deep colouring of

the flower including the staminode, and the more con-

tracted growth.

Mr. Elwes grew the plant very successfully in a mixture

of loam, leaf-soil and sand in a shady cold frame on the

north side of one of his glass-houses where it flowered

towards the end of June, that is, about three or four

weeks earlier than in its Sikkim home. There is no

reason why it should not be tried in cool corners of

charm on account of its quaint flower

Fig. 1, whole plant in two sections; 2, sepals and petals, nat. size ; 3

seen from above, nat. size; 4, lip, halved longitudinally, nat. size; 5, gyn

mium, in profile, x2; 6, same, back view, <2; 7, same, front view, x 2

59)

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TAB. 8966.

RHIPSALIS WARMINGIANA.

Brazil.

CACTACEAE. Tribe OPUNTIEAE.

Rurpsauis, Gaerin.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 850; K. Schum. in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. VI. a. 197.

Rhipsalis Warmingiana, K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. IV. I., 291 (1890) ;

affinis R. lineari, K. Schum., sed articulis crenatis, baccis atro-purpureis differt.

Suffrutex epiphyticus. Caules penduli, ima basi teretes, caeterum trigoni,

articulato-ramosi; rami e basi brevi tereti vel complanata lineares vel

elongato-lanceolati, sursum attenuati, plani et tunc ad 2 mm. crassi vel

alato-trigoni (rarius tetragoni), 7-25 cm. longi, ad 1 cm. lati, virides, ad

margines crenati. Folia ad crenas sita, ad squamulas triangulares 1 mm.

longas cartilagineas albidas persistentes redacta, 1:5-2°3 cm. distantia,

pulvinulos minute-pilosulos subtendentia. Flores solitarii ex pulvinulis

superioribus orti. Receptaculum ellipsoideo-globosum, magis minusve

tetra- vel pentagonum, apice leviter constrictum, circiter 4 mm. longum et

3 mm. diametro, supra basin squamula minuta biloba ciliata imstructa,

pallide viride. Sepala 4-6, rotundata vel subacuta, 2-4 mm. longa, m

petala sensim abeuntia. Petala circiter 12, exteriora subelliptica, 0°7—1 cm.

longa, interiora anguste oblonga, 1—1.3 cm. longa, alba vel demum levissime

flavescentia. Stamina 25-40, petalis breviora; filamenta tenuia, albido-

hyalina, 6-8 mm. longa; antherae albidae. Stylus 6-7 mm. longus:

stigmata 3 vel 4, radiantia, papillosa. Bacca obovoideo-globosa, obscure

tetra- vel pentagona, ad 6 mm. longa (in specimine viso; an ad 1‘2 em.

longa ut cl. K. Schumann 1. ec. dixit), atro-purpurea. Semina perpauca,

ellipsoidea, 1:5 mm. longa, laevissima, atra. A. G. Lindberg in Gartenfl.

xli. 8-12, fig. 5-14; Warming in Mem. Acad. Copenhag., ser. 6, VI.

423 (1892): K. Schum., Gesammtbeschr. Kakt. 641 (1898) et in Monatschr.

f. Kakteenk., 1899, 151 (fig.), 154; Lofgr. in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de

Janeiro, II. 91, t. 181 (1915).

An epiphyte with branched pendulous stems. The

branches are quite flat or triangular (rarely quadrangular)

in section with deeply concave faces, linear or elongated-

lanceolate from a narrow base and attenuated upwards

to a narrow point ; they vary in length from 7 to 25 cm.

and in width from 0°5 to 1 cm. The leaves are reduced

to inconspicuous triangular scales which are inserted

at notches, 1°5-2°5 cm. distant, along the angles of the

branches; they support small delicately hairy leaf-

cushions or “ areoles”’ from which, in the upper part,

the solitary flowers rise. The roundish or obscurely

angled receptacles are seated in the notches of the

branches and astride of their angles, measuring about

4mm. by 3 mm.; they bear a minute thin scale with a

ciliate 2-lobed top a short distance above the base.

The sepals which are short and rounded pass gradually

into the petals. The inner petals (about 10) are linear-

oblong, 1-1°3 cm. long and of a pure transparent white,

or later on flushed with yellow whilst the centre of the

flower is pale orange. The stamens number 25-40 and

have whitish anthers borne on fine thread-like filaments.

The style is 6-7 mm. long and ends in 3 or 4 radiating

stigmatic branches. The fruzt is an ellipsoid or globose

dark-purple berry, in well developed specimens up to

6 mm. long, and contains a small number of seeds which —

are black, elliptic in outline, glossy and 1°5 mm. long.

DISTRIBUTION. Brazil; Minas Geraes, Calda, Lindberg;

Lagoa Santa, Warming.

The species figured here was named after Professor

Kugen Warming of Copenhagen who, during a three

years’ stay at Lagoa Santa, did much excellent work on

the ecology of the campos- and forest-vegetation of

the district; Lindberg’s collecting, however, antedates

Warming’s by about twenty years. It was first intro-

duced to cultivation in Europe in 1886 through a seedling ©

received by Lindberg from A. Lofgren of the Rio de

Janeiro Garden. There are two specimens of this

Rhipsals at Kew, one from Professor Schinz of Zurich,

received in 1917, and the other in a collection of succu-

_lents, purchased from Mr. A. Ashridge of Pinner in 1920.

It was the latter from which the drawing was prepared.

R. Warmingiana is placed in the subgenus Phyllorhip-

salis, so named from its leaf-like spineless articulated

branches. &. Houllettit which has been figured on t. 6089

of this work belongs to the same cycle of affinity, but

may be distinguished at a glance by the shape of the

articulated branches and their marginal serrations.

Rk. Warmingiana is not difficult of cultivation in this

country if treated like ordinary succulents in a warm

house with a slightly greater amount of moisture than

usual. Its numerous, relatively large pearly white

flowers render it very attractive. W. B. TURRILL.

Fig. 1, a part of a flowering plant, nat. size ; 2, diagrammatic section through

a flowering branch, showing a receptacle in longitudinal section, supported by a

rudimentary leaf, x3; 3, a young flower, x2; 4, scale from a receptacle, x 8:

5, flower in longitudinal section, «2; 6, a fruiting branch, nat..size; 7, a seed,

x 15.

TAB. 8967.

VERONICA PIMELEOIDES.

New Zealand.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribe DIGITALEAE.

Veronica, Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II, 964; Wettstein in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 3b. 85.

Veronica pimeleoides, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zeal. I. 195 (1854); affinis V. Buchananii,

Hook. f., sed ramis gracilioribus, foliis subcoriaceis vix imbricatis, calycis seg-

mentis subacutis et leviter cucullatis, capsula subacuta differt.

Fruiex nanus, ramosissimus, caulibus ascendentibus usque ad 4 dm. altis teretibus

fusco-brunneis superne plus minusve dense pubescentibus vel fere villosis

inferne leviter pubescentibus vel fere glabris. Folia patentia vel suberecta,

vix imbricata, obovato-oblonga vel elliptico-lanceolata, subacuta vel obtusa,

basi angustata, sessilia, 1—1°5 cm. longa, 6—9 mm. lata, glauca, subcoriacea,

in pagina inferiore costa subprominente, in pagina superiore inconspicua,

nervis lateralibus in pagina utraque haud conspicuis. Spicae in quoque

ramo saepissime 2 (1—3), in foliorum superiorum axillis solitariae, multiflorae,

3—5 em. longae (pedunculo 1‘5—2 cm. longo incluso), pedunculo rhachique

dense villoso pubescentibus ; bracteae oblongo-lanceolatae, 4 mm. longae,

subacutae, margine dense ciliatae. Calyx 4-partitus, segmentis oblongo-

ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis apice subacutis et leviter cucullatis 3°5 mm.

Jongis dorso leviter pubescentibus et carinatis margine dense ciliatis.

Corollae tubus 3°5 mm. longus, superne gradatim ampliatus, fauce vix 3 mm.

diametro ; limbus coeruleus, 4-lobatus, lobis patentibus circiter 4 mm. longis,

abaxiali lineari-lanceolato subacuto vix 1:5 mm. lato caeteris oblongo-

lanceolatis obtusis 2 mm. latis. Antherae ante dehiscentiam purpureae ;

pollinis granula lutea; filamenta glabra, 2°5 mm. longa. Ovariwm ellip-

soideum vel ovoideum, compressum, apicem versus dense puberulum ;

stylus 6 mm. longus, glaber, purpureus, deinde albus. Capsula compressa,

ellipsoideo-ovoidea, subacuta, 4:5mm. longa, 3mm. lata, septicidalis. Semina

oblonga, complanata, 15 mm. longa, testa alata lutea.—Hook. f., Hand-

book New Zealand Flora, 211 (1864); Armstrong in New Zeal. Inst.

Trans. XIII. 350 (1880); N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. VIII. 69 (1890) ;

Cheeseman, Man. New Zeal. Fl. 527 (1906).

A dwarf shrub up to 4 dm. in height, producing numer-

ous branches which radiate from the centre and at first

are more or less prostrate, but later bend up so that the

younger and flower-bearing parts become erect. The

young branchlets are reddish-brown with a _ generally

dense covering of hairs which is mostly lost as the darker

dull brown bark is developed. ‘The paired sessile leaves

spread or are partially erect without overlapping ; they

vary, often in the same individual, from ovate-oblong to

elliptic-lanceolate and from slightly pointed to blunt,»

whilst the base is generally narrowed; they are of a

characteristic glaucous-green colour, softly leathery and

inconspicuously veined. Each young shoot bears | to 3

axillary many-flowered compact spikes, 3-5 cm. long;

their peduncles and spindles are densely and softly hairy

and bear the flowers in the axils of ciliate bracts which

slightly exceed the calyx. The latter is 4-cleft with

oblong segments somewhat unequal in width and slightly

hooded at the tip, densely ciliate along the margins and

slightly hairy on the back. The corolla has a short tube

and a blue 4-cleft limb, up to 11 mm. in diameter, with

the front segment narrower and more pointed than the

others. The anthers are purple before opening and the

pollen is pale yellow. The ovary is compressed from the

sides, elliptic to ovate in outline and densely and shortly

hairy near the top; the style is at first purple, then

becomes white. The capsule retains approximately the

shape of the ovary, but has a more pointed tip and splits

into the two carpels. The seeds are broadly elliptic in

outline and rather flat, the yellowish seed-coat being

produced all round into an externally ill-defined stoutish

wing.

Die cee Zealand, South Island.

The Veronica here figured was introduced over thirty

years ago. ‘The first record of it as a cultivated plant is

by Mr. N. E. Brown, who received a specimen of the

plant from Mr. Lynch, then Curator of the Cambridge

Botanic Garden (Gard. Chron. July 19, 1890, 69). The

species was originally described and named by Sir Joseph

Hooker from material collected by Lyall at Port Cooper.

Like so many of the shrubby species of the genus it is

endemic to New Zealand and within the Dominion is

restricted to the South Island. Within its range, which

includes the divisions of Nelson, Canterbury and Otago,

it is not uncommon in dry places, though it is now

apparently mainly found in the mountains between

300 and 1,000 m. altitude. In its native home it flowers

from November to January. |

A considerable range of variation is found within what

are generally considered to be the specific limits of

V. prmeleoides. The variation is particularly marked in

the size and shape of the leaves. Cultivated specimens

have on the whole larger leaves than those collected from

wild plants. The variety minor, originally described by

Hooker in his Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, 738,

from shingle beds near Lake Heron, is a much smaller

plant than the type and has small, lanceolate, acute

leaves. Specimens in cultivation at Kew retain this

habit together with the leaf-shape and size, and, since

they grow near plants of the type, the differences are very

marked. A variation in the opposite direction is shown

by the variety glauco-coerulea, Cheeseman, which was

found in the same area as the type and was originally

described, under that name, as a distinct species by

Armstrong. In this variety the general habit is stouter

and larger than in the type, the leaves are larger, more

closely set and more markedly obovate, and the flowers

of a darker blue or even purple colour.

Within the genus, Veronica pimeleoides is placed in

the buaifolia-carnosula group of the Section Hebe,

Benth., and about eight New Zealand species are con-

‘sidered to show a special degree of relationship to it.

These include such well-known and often cultivated

plants as Veronica buxifola, V. anomala (figured at

tab. 7360 of this work), V. pingwifolia, Hook. f. (tab.

6147, and probably also tab. 6587, under the name of

V. carnosula) and V. amplexicaulis (tab. 7370).

The specimens from which our plate was prepared

were obtained from a plant growing in the Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew. Here the species does well, both on the

western side of the wall between the Herbaceous Ground

and the Rockery and also on the eastern side of the

Temperate House, both relatively sheltered positions.

W. B. TURRILL.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a flower, X33; 3, posticous (adaxial

half) of the corolla, «4; 4, anticous half of the corolla, x 4; 5, an anther, 5;

6, pistil, X6; 7, aripe capsule, x4; 8,a seed, «8; 9, section through the same,

«8

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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS:

L.Snelling. del. et ith HF&G.Witherby. London.

Tas. 8968.

HEMEROCALLIS NANA.

China.

LILIACEAE. Tribe HEMEROCALLEAE.

Hemerocatuis, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 111.773; Engl.in Engl. &

Pranil, Nat. Pflanzenf. U1. 5. 40.

Hemerocallis nana, @. Forrest & W.W. Smith in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XLII.

1. fig. 12 (1916) et in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. X. 39 (1917); affinis H. Forresti

Diels, sed floribus plerumque solitariis maioribus distincta.

Herba perennis, glaberrima, 10—25 cm. alta, radicibus grumosis, collo fibris

foliorum persistentibus vestito. Folia 9—10, basi congesta, linearia, sub-

obtusa, ad 15 em. longa, 4—9 mm. lata, viridia, utrinque nervis circiter

7 tenuibus percursa. Flores solitarii vel rarius 2-ni, pedunculo ad 12 cm.

longo erecto vel incurvo suffulti; bracteae angustae, lineares vel lanceolato-

lineares, acutae vel acuminatae, ad 2:5em. longae ; pedicelli 1—2 cm. longi.

Perigonium 6—7 cm. longum; tubus atro-fuscus, 1 em. longus; segmenta

aurantiaca, exteriora linearia, 6 cm. longa, ad 8 mm. lata, extra rubro-

suffusa, interiora tenuiora, oblongo-linearia, paululo longiora et latiora,

omnia eleganter recurva, apice subcucullato-obtusa, circiter 12-nervia, venis

intertextis vix ullis. Antherae lanceolatae, 8 mm. longae. Stylus sursum

curvatus, 3°5 cm. longus, antheras multo superans. Capsula obovoideo-

oblonga, 3 em. longa, valvis oblongis minute apiculatis. Semina ovoideo-

ellipsoidea, 5 mm. longa, atra, nitidissima.

A perfectly glabrous herb, growing in several-headed

clumps, 10-25 cm. high, surrounded at the base with

the fibres of decayed leaves. The leaves are linear,

almost acute, up to 15 cm. by 4-9 mm., green and

very finely 14—15-nerved. The flowers are borne singly

or in pairs on an erect or curved peduncle up to 12 cm.

long; they are preceded by very narrow acute or

finely acuminate bracts and their pedicels measure

from 1 to 2 cm. in length. The widely open perigone is

6-7 cm. long and has a short dark tube 1 cm. long and

elegantly recurved narrow blunt orange-coloured seg-

ments, the outer of which are linear, 6 cm. by 8 mm.,

and flushed with red on the back whilst the inner are

thinner, oblong-linear and slightly longer and broader;

all are traversed by about 12 fine nerves hardly visible

in the fresh state and almost devoid of connecting veins.

The curved style considerably exceeds the anthers which

are 8 mm. long. The capsule is oblong, slightly widened

upwards and 3 cm. long. The jet-black brightly polished

seeds are about 5 mm. long.

DISTRIBUTION.—China. North-west Yunnan, moun-

tains in the Yangtze bend (27° 45’ N. Lat.), 3,000—3,300 m.,

Forrest 10,539.

The plant figured here is one of several dwarf species

of Hemerocallis which Mr. G. Forrest discovered in the

mountains of north-western Yunnan. He describes the

habitat as stony or moist pastures and the plant as only

7°5-25 cm. high with deep red-orange flowers, a hue

which they have not attained under our skies. An

excellent photograph by him, published in the Journal

of the R. Horticultural Society, l.c., represents the plant

in its native station. .

H. nana has been compared with H. fulva, but the

affinity with that species is rather remote; it lacks

especially the peculiar feathery nervation of the perigone-

segments which characterizes H. fulva. Itshouldrather be

considered a member of a small group apparently peculiar

to south-western China. The plants of this group are of a

dwarf habit and possess graceful brilliantly coloured flowers |

with shorttubes. They may briefly be characterized thus :—

Flowers solitary or paired, 6—7 cm. long ae H. nana.

Flowers 4 or more in a forked inflorescence, up to 5 cm. long.

Leaves flat, 10—13 mm. broad, the outer almost strap-shaped,

blunt, the inner more tapering upwards; bracts herbaceous,

1—1-°5 em. long; perigone-tube 0:75 cm. long; outer segments

closely 16-nerved with a narrow hyaline margin, drying dark

brownish-green, inner about 1l-nerved, 12 mm. wide etek H. Forrestii. |

range, Forrest 2512) a

Leaves usually folded, 6 mm. wide, all long, ‘tapering to a

callous point ; bractsinconspicuous; perigone-tube 15cm. long,

outer segments about 12-nerved with a wide hyaline margin,

about 10 mm. wide, drying reddish, inner 13-nerved, 14 mm.

wide (H. fulva var. angustifolia, Diels, non Baker ; Tali range, H. plicata,

Forrest 1896: Mengtze, Henry 9497) ... . Stapf (sp. nov.)

The specimen from which the present plate was pre-

pared was raised by Mr. Hlwes at Colesborne. He grew

it in a cool frame, but it will probably be found perfectly

hardy in the milder parts of the country. As each flower

lasts only one or two days and each scape produces

mostly only one flower an effective display of the plant

depends on the clumps being large enough to secure a

sufficient succession of flowers. The two other dwarf

species described above would seem to be more promising

in that respect. Os

Fig. 1, a plant, nat. size; 2, a section of a leaf, x2; 3, a capsule, nat. size ;

4, aseed, <3.

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THE LIBRARY

a OF THE

——sCUIIVERSITY GF ILLINOIS

TAB. 8969.

PICEA BRACHYTYLA.

China.

CONIFERAE. Tribe ABIETINEAE.

Picea, Linn. ; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 439; Hichl.in Engl. & Pranil,

Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 1. 77.

Picea brachytyla, Pritzel in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx1x. 216 (1900); P. spinulosae

Beissn., proxima sed foliis rigidioribus latioribus brevius acutis, conorum squamis

pro rata minus latis opacis, seminum alis longioribus distincta.

Arbor 10—25 m. alta, coma late conica laxa; rami primarii subhorizontales,

sursum ascendentes; ramuli penduli, eximie plagiotropici, iuniores diu

aurantiaco-flavescentes, glabri vel puberuli, inter pulvinos lineares bene

exarati, tandem cinerascentes ; cortex vetustus griseo-fuscus vel nigricans,

profunde fissus, fissuris areas irregulariter oblongas cingentibus. Gemmae

crebrae,conicae, saepe acutae, 5—7 mm. longae, castaneae, squamis externis

firmis late ovatis subacutis. Folia brevissime petiolata petiolis ita tortis ut

folia magis minusve prorsus directa et in planitie leviter convexa quasi

imbricata fiant dorsis viridibus ad lucem versis, acicularia, breviter acuta,

apice spinulosa, pungentia, 10—24 mm. longa, 1:2—1°5 mm. lata, a dorso

admodum complanata, sectione transversa anguste rhomboidea marginibus

costisque prominulis obtusis, dorso laete viridia, facie vittis binis latis albis

stomatiferis notata vel fere tota albo-glauca; ductus resiniferi 2, dorsales,

ad costam siti; fibrae sclerenchymaticae in stratum praeter vittas stoma-

tiferas continuum simplicem confertae. Strobilt g virides, admodum

purpureo tincti, oblongi, demum elongati et ad 3 cm. longi, 5 mm. lati;

connectivi appendix orbicularis, crenulatus. Strobili Q laterales et ter-

minales, oblongi, ad 2 cm. longi, ad 1 cm. lati; carpella rotundata, obtusa

vel varie producta, 3 mm. longa; squamae ovuliferae rotundatae, obscure

crenulatae, sub anthesi carpellis multo maiores. Cont maturt penduli,

oblongo-cylindrici, utrinque paulo attenuati, obtusi, 6—12 cm. longi, 2°5—3°5

em. diametro; squamae in unguem latum obtriangularem contractae,

supra late rotundato-ovatae vel late obtuseque deltoideae, longiores 16—20

mm. longae, 12—15 mm. latae, parte exserta basi fusca vel atro-fusca superne

cinnamomeo-brunnea opaca. Semen obovato-oblongum, 3—4 mm. longum,

testa alutacea, ala oblique obovato-oblonga tenui, 10—15 mm. longa 5—6°5

mm. lata. Mastersin Journ. Linn. Soc. X XVI. 553 (1902); Beissner in Mitt.

Deutsch. Dendr. Gesellsch. 1906, 95 et Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 249 (1909) ;

Patschke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 630 (1913); Rehder & Wilson in

Sargent, Plant. Wilson. II. 33 (1914). P. ajanensis, Masters, l.c.; ibid.

XXXVI. 418 (1906) et in Journ. Bot. XLI. 269 (1903); Patschke l.c. 632

(pro parte), non Fisch.; P. Alcockiana, Masters in Journ. Bot. l.c., non

Carr. P.complanata, Masters in Gard. Chron. XX XIX. 146, fig. 57 (1906) ;

Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. ed. 2, 288 (1909); Bean in Kew Bull. 1910,

174; Patschke, l.c. 630, 764; P. ascendens, Patschke, l.c. 632, 764;

P. Sargentiana, Rehder & Wilson, l.c. 35. Abses brachytyla, Franch. in

Journ. de Bot. XIII. 258 (1899); Bois in Journ. Hort. France, 1900,

230 (err. brachytila).

A tree 10 to 25 m. high, with a wide conical open crown

whose main branches are more or less horizontal with

ascending tips and pendulous branchlets which are

yellowish and glabrous or puberulous ; the bark of old

of the Omorica spruce of the Yangtse basin as one species

perhaps, with the admission of a forma latisquamea with

flatly rounded cone-scales and a forma rhombisquamea

with cone-scales which are produced into a deltoid upper

half. To the latter belongs for instance Wilson 3031.

It is represented in Masters’ illustration of P. complanata

by the figure in the upper right-hand corner. PP. brachy-

tyla was first introduced to cultivation by Wilson who

sent seed collected in the eastern Tapa shan (No. 1282)

to the Combe Nurseries of Messrs. Veitch of Chelsea in

1901 and from Tachienlu (No. 1530) in 1903. The

specimens from which the present plate was prepared were

kindly communicated by the Marquis of Headfort who has —

been growing the species at Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland,

for the last ten years. His trees are at present from

3°5-5°5 m. high and they produced normal cones for the

first time in 1922. The tree does well in most of the

gardens in this country and one of the best specimens is to

be seen in Mr. G. W. E. Loder’s garden at Wakehurst, —

Ardingly, Sussex. It is nineteen years old and 2°5 m. high

and it coned first two years ago. The principal charm of

this handsome speciesis in the fresh colouring of the foliage,

the bright green of the backs of the needles contrasting very

pleasantly with the glaucous white of the reversed faces.

The northern limit of P. brachytyla lies slightly to the

North of 32° N.L., the southern at 26° 30’, whilst the

vertical range is from 1600 m. to 3500 m. (north-western

Szechuan). According to Wilson the tree has become

rather scarce in parts of Szechuan owing to indiscriminate

felling. The affinity with P. spinulosa Beissn. (P.morin-

doides, Rehder; see Bot. Mag. 8159) has already been

indicated by Masters (1906). P. spinulosa is a native of ©

Bhutan and the adjoining parts of Sikkim and a tree of

sometimes very considerable dimensions. It differs from

our species mainly in the finer more gradually pointed and

often much longer needles and the warm brown and almost

glossy colouring of the cone-scales. O.5.

Fig. 1, a young female branch, nat. size; 2, a young male branch, nat. size ;

3, a leaf, back view, x4; 4, the same, face view, x4; 5, cross-section through

.a leaf, <x 20; anther, dehisced X10; 7, pollen-grain, x 270; 8, ovuliferous

scale with ovules X3; 9, the same in back view with the carpel, x3; 10,

mature cone, nat. size; 11, cone-scale, back view, nat. size; 12, the same in

face view with seeds, nat. size; 13, seed, xX 2.

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CLETHRA DELAVAYI.

China.

CLETHRACEAE,

CLetHRA, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 603 (genus anomalum

Ericarum); Drudein Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen/. IV. 1. 2.

Clethra Delavayi, Franch. in Morot Journ. de Bot. IX. 370 (1895); affinis

CO. monostachyae, Rehder & Wilson, sed foliis subtus pubescentibus (nec praeter

axillas nervorum barbatas glabris), floribus maioribus, staminibus quam petala

brevioribus distincta.

Frutex vel arbuscula ad 16 m. alta; rami elongati steriles, iuniores saepe tumiduli,

hincinde compressi vel fere ancipites, rubescentes, pube minuta stellata

conspersi, breviores florentes practerea incano-hirsuti, vetusti cortice

tandem laminis annularibus tenuibus soluto obtecti. ola sparsa, interdum

ad basin ramorum florentium valde approximata vel in ramis_ elongatis

hincinde subopposita vel fere ternata ; laminae basi acuta vel breviter acumi-

nata late lanceolata vel oblanceolata, acuta vel subacuminata, crebre minute

glandulosa-crenulata vel serrulata, 6—12 cm. longa, 2°5—5 cm. lata, facie

saturate viridis, primo minute stellata, mox glabrata, dorso incana, primo

in costa nervisque adpresse hirsuta, demum pilis simplicibus delapsis ibi ut

in intervallis pube stellata tantum conspersa, nervis utrinque ad 20.

_Inflorescentiae racemosae, secundae, multiflorae ; racemi solitarii, in ramis

abbreviatis terminales, breviter pedunculati, circiter 15 em. longi; rhachis

uti bracteae, pedicelli, calyces incana, dense stellato-tomentella; bracteae

subulato-lineares, 4—4'5 mm. longae; pedicelli cernui, graciles, 6—10 mm.

longi. Calyx fere ad basin 5-fidus, 5—6 mm. longus, segmentis ovatis dorso

laete rubescentibus anthesi peracta conniventibus. Corolla late campanu-

lata, alba, delicate gilvo suffusa; petala obovato-oblonga, apice lato obtuso

emarginata, 9—10 mm. longa, ad 5°5 mm. lata, ad margines parce ciliata.

Stamina 10; filamenta deorsum incrassata, pilosula, 5mm. longa; antherae

virescentes vel basi fuscae, 1 mm. vix longiores, thecis sursum divergentibus.

Ovarium incano-tomentosum pilis nonnullis longioribus; stylus 4 mm.

longus, pilosulus; stigma 3-lobum. Capsula matura non visa.

A shrub or small tree up to 16 m. high whose barren

long-shoots are frequently slightly swollen and here and

there compressed and when young more or less red and

finely and loosely downy with very minute star-shaped

hairs, whilst the short flowering shoots have an additional

early deciduous covering of appressed simple hairs.

The leaves are frequently crowded at the base of the

flowering spurs and sometimes here and there apparently

opposite or whorled on the long-shoots ; their blades are

broadly lanceolate or inversely lanceolate from an acute

or wedge-shaped base and pointed at the tips and their

margins are minutely crenate or serrate; they measure

6 to 12 cm. by 2°5 to 4 cm., are rich green above with a

delicate down (disappearing early) of minute star-shaped

hairs, whilst the back is very pale or almost grey with a

richer down of the same nature or, in young leaves, with

additional longer appressed hairs on the nerves; there

are about 15 to 20 rather straight nerves on each side;

the stalks are 1 to 15cm. long. The flowers are gathered

in many-flowered one-sided racemes, which terminate —

short shoots, spread almost horizontally and measure

about 15 cm. including the very short peduncles; the

raceme-spindle, the very narrow linear bracts (4 to 4:5 mm. )

and the slender nodding flower-stalks (6 to 10 mm.) are

like the calyx covered with a dense almost velvety

greyish down of star-shaped hairs. The 5-cleft calyx

is 5 to 6 mm. long, its ovate segments closing up and

turning deep rose or red after flowering. The widely

bell-shaped corolla is 9 to 10 mm. long, white or faintly

cream-coloured and consists of 5 broad inversely ovate

very blunt notched petals with ciliate margins. The

stamens are about half as long as the petals and have

downwardly thickened hairy filaments and deeply cleft

anthers, greenish or dark brown at the base and hardly

1 mm. long. The greyish closely downy ovary bears a

minutely hairy style 4 mm. long with a 3-lobed stigma.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western and North-western Yunnan,

from the Tali range west- and north-west-wards to

beyond the Salween River, ranging from 2,100 to 3,000 m.

Clethra Delavayt is one of the most charming introduc-

tions from Yunnan. Although discovered as long ago

as 1884, when Pére Delavay found it in the mountains

near Talifu, it was not introduced into cultivation until

almost thirty years later, when in 1913 Forrest sent seed

(No. 11,590) home which he had collected in the same

district. Mr. H. White of the Sunningdale Nurseries,

Windlesham, Surrey, who contributed the material from

which the plate was prepared, grows C. Delavayi in an

open wood without any shelter and it has so far stood

frost very well, not having “ been injured thereby except

a few late-growing tips of immature wood.” Other

flowering specimens were received at Kew, in 1920, from

Sir John Ross of Bladensburg of Rostrevor, Co. Down,

Ireland, who writes that last year his plant produced

between 80 and 100 sprays of bloom “the racemes

standing out parallel to the ground and mainly at right

angles to the upward growth.” In the beauty of the

flowers C. Delavayi, among the clethras, is only rivalled

by the well-known C. arborea of Madeira. This it also

resembles in the shape and size of the flowers and the

short enclosed stamens ; nevertheless structurally it has

more in common with the other less showy species of

China which connect it with the only Japanese clethra,

C. barbinervis, a species with rather open flowers and

long filaments and a close congener of the clethras of the

Eastern United States, which include the type of the

genus, C. alnifolia. The area of Clethra, of which there

are about sixty species known at present, comprises three

sub-areas, two American and one Asiatic and the perfectly

isolated outpost represented by C. arborea. Of the

American sub-areas the northern covers the Eastern

United States from Florida to Maine and westwards to

the Mississippi whilst the southern is entirely tropical

and extends from Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil

and Bolivia. The Asiatic sub-area also reaches the

tropics in the Malay Archipelago (Sumatra to New

Guinea and the Philippines), but whilst the American

sub-areas correspond to structurally distinct sections,

the species of the Asiatic sub-area are more homogeneous.

Whether the outlying station in Madeira can, through

C. Delavayi, be linked with the Asiatic group—it certainly

shows no close affinity to the North American species—

or whether it should be attached to the tropical American

section it is too early to say. On the whole it seems to

be structurally as distinct as it is geographically isolated.

Fossil clethras have been recorded from Europe, among

them fruits enclosed in Baltic amber, but their determina-

tion is too doubtful to prove the theory of a tertiary

extension of the genus from China through Europe to

the Atlantic, although a priori it is not improbable.

In Genera Plantarum Clethra was placed as an anomalous

genus at the end of Hricaceae. It has since been removed

from that order, mainly on account of its free petals,

and it stands now as the only representative of a distinct

family, Clethraceae. One of the species described

originally as Clethra, C. scandens, also a Chinese species,

has been made the type of a distinct genus (Clematoclethra)

by Maximowicz. Engler has placed it since, no doubt

on account of its similarity with Actinidia, in Dilleniaceae

and the question arises whether the Clethraceae should

not find a place in that neighbourhood. They can,

however, hardly be detached from the Hricales. Now

Baillon and Hallier have pointed out the relationship of

the Hricales with the Theaceae, so that the Clethraceae

would naturally range themselves with the more primitive —

Parietales, which include the Dilleniaceae as well as the

Theaceae. This, however, in view of the gamopetalous —

character of the remaining Hricales, raises the problem

of the taxonomic value of gamopetaly generally and of ©

the phylogenetic unity of the Gamopetalae, one of the

fundamental divisions of all the more generally accepted

and at any rate technically workable systems. O.5.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a hair from an inflorescence, < 150;

3, a petal with 3 stamens, X3; 4, a stamen, X12; 5, a calyx and pistil, x 5;

6, longitudinal section through an ovary, x 10.

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ECHINOCEREUS BAILEYI.

North America.

CACTACEAE. Tribe CEREAE.

EcHINOCEREvS, Engelm.; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 6a,

184; Britton & Rose, Cact. Il. 3. Cereus subg. Echinocereus, Benth. & Hook. f.,

Gen. Plant. I. 849.

Echinocereus Baileyi, Rose in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. XII. 403, pl. 56, 57

(1909); inter species aculeis pectinatis munitas aculeis ad 20 mm. longis potius

porrectis nec cauli adpressis, petalis apice lato dentatis dente uno alterove in

aristulam producto distinctum.

Planta simplex vel caespitosa. Caulis cylindricus, obscure viridis, ad 12 cm.

altus, diametro 4—5 em., 15—costatus, aculeis laxe vel inferne dense involutus ;

costae crassae, rectae vel subspirales, ad 5 mm. altae et 10 mm. distantes,

iugis sulcisque obtusis, illis a latere visis mammoso-crenatis, crenis circiter

7 mm. longis pulvinos angustos fere lineares ad 4 mm. longos primo dense

albido-lanatos deinde glabratos utrinque pectinatim aculeatos gerentibus ;

aculei 16—18, magis minusve prorsus et inferiores etiam deorsum patentes,

omnes laterales, graciles, primo albi, deinde flavescentes vel fuscescentes,

summi breves, sequentes multo longiores, intermedii et inferiores ad 20 mm.

longi, infimi vero admodum abbreviati. Flores 2 vel 3 subterminales vel

1 specie terminalis, 6—7°5 cm. longi. Receptaeulum circiter 3°5 cm. longum,

supra partem ovuliferam 1—1:2 cm. longam infundibuliforme, ore 2 cm.

diametro, extra appendicibus cylindricis circiter 60 apice fasciculum aculeo-

rum 9—12 lana alba intermixtum gerentibus ; appendices inferiores breves,

congesti, superiores sparsi, ad 5 mm. longi, eorum aculei inaequilongi, cen-

trales 1—3 ad 6 mm. longi, brunnei, caeteri albi, breviores, omnes asperuli.

Sepala lineari-lanceolata, acuta, albida, secundum nervum medianum viridi-

vittata, gradatim in petala abeuntia. Petala carmineo-rosea, sericeo-

nitentia, interiora spatulata vel oblanceolata, ad 3 cm. longa, superne

5—8 mm. lata, apice dentata uno alterove dente producto saepe aristiform1.

Stamina numerosissima, ex tubo breviter exserta et in conum truncatum

conniventia; filamenta 7—9 mm. longa; antherae luteae, 1—1°5 mm.

longae. Stylus 2°75 cm.longus; stigmata 10, viridia, subcylindrica, obtusa,

5 mm. longa. Fructus ignotus. Britton & Rose, Cact. 111. (1922).

Stems solitary or tufted, cylindrical, dull green, up to

12 cm. high and 4-5 cm. in diameter, 15-ribbed; the

blunt low ribs are transversally constricted at intervals

of about 7 mm. and bear on the protuberances more or

less linear spine-cushions 4 mm. long, whitish-woolly

when young, but ultimately glabrous and beset on each

side with a comb-like row of spines which point more or

less obliquely forward, and those below the middle at the

same time downward, forming a loose or, towards the

base, dense envelope round the stem; the lowest and

uppermost spines of a cushion are short, those from the

middle down to near the base the longest (up to 20 mm.).

The flowers (2 or 3) spring from below the top of

the stem or they are solitary and apparently terminal ;

they are about 6-7°5 cm. long. The funnel-shaped

receptacle is covered, densely below and loosely above,

with cylindric wart-like appendages which bear fas-

cicles of 9 to 12 spines almost buried in white wool,

the lowest of the spines being about 6 mm. long and

brown, the others white. ‘The sepals are narrowly lanceo-

late, whitish with a green stripe down the middle and they

pass upwards into the petals. ‘These are inversely lanceo-

late or spatulate with broad toothed tips, one of the teeth —

often running out into an awn; they are up to 3 cm. long

and 5 to 8 mm. wide and of a beautiful carmine-rose with

a silky lustre. The stamens connive into a short yellow

cone from which the 10 green cylindric stigmas emerge.

Distrisution.—North America. Oklahoma, Wichita

Mountains.

This charming cactus, probably the most beautiful of

the Pectinatae-group, was in 1904 found by Mr. James

H. Gaut on Mt. Scott in the Wichita Mountains, south-

western Oklahoma, and, after the original specimens had ~

been lost, was rediscovered two years later by Major

Vernan Bailey after whom it was named. Britton and

Rose in their monumental monograph of the Cactaceae

state that it has since been observed to be very common

in the National Forest near Cache, and among a con-—

signment received from that locality there was one

forming a clump of 25 branches and measuring 3 cm. in~

cliameter.

The specimen figured here was given by Dr. J. N. Rose

to Mr. Elwes, who eventually sent it to Kew for inclusion

in this work. It flowered early in June of last year and is

at present (May) forming fresh flower-buds from near the

white-woolly top. It shows no tendency towards

branching. It is grown in the succulent pit and seems

to require no special treatment. To judge by its re-

latively northern home it might be expected to demand

little more than an airy sunny and dry greenhouse tor

successtul cultivation. |

Fig. 1, a whole plant, nat. size; 2, the spines of an old spine-cushion, nat. —

size; 3, an appendage from the lower half of a receptacle, with the wool omitted,

x3; 4, longitudinal section of a flower, nat. size; 5, stamens, x 8.

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TAB. 8972.

CARMICHAELIA AUSTRALIS.

New Zealand.

LEGUMINOSAE. Tribe GALEGEAE.

CARMICHAELIA, R. Br.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 502; Taubert in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 3. 278.

Carmichaelia australis, R. Br. in Bot. Reg. XI. t. 912 (1825) excl. syn.; inter

species maturitate aphyllas ramulis applanatis 2—4 mm. latis et floribus parvulis

4—5 mm. longis distincta.

Frutex maturitate aphyllus, ramosissimus, praeter novellas interdum parce

strigillosas glaber, 1—4 m. altus; rami stricti, elongati, valde applanati,

fere ancipites, longitudinaliter striati, 2—4 mm. lati, ad nodos 1—1°5 cm.

distantes serratim incisi, saturate virides. Jolia in planta iuvenili 3—7-

foliolata, ad 2:5 cm. longa, foliolis obcordatis vel obcordato-cuneatis sessilibus

ad 12 mm. longis tenuibus, stipulis si adsunt minutis dentiformibus; in

planta adulta ad squamulas ovatas scariosas minutas redacta, raro pauca

perfecta parvula. Flores in racemos e ramorum incisuris ortos 3—6-fioros

ad 1 em. longos dispositi, rhachi et bracteis minutis lanceolatis ovatisve et

pedicellis brevissimis vel ad 2 mm. longis parce albo-strigillosis. Calyx

viridis, campanulato-cupularis, 1:5 mm. longus, basi minute vel obsolete

2-bracteolatus, brevissime acute 5-dentatus, glaber vel parce strigillosus.

Vewillum ex ungue angusto rotundato-obovatum, obscure emarginatum,

revolutum, 4—5 mm. longum, album, violaceo-striatum vel striis hincinde

confluentibus. Alae vexillo aequilongae, lamina quadrato-oblonga. Carina

alis vix brevior, obtusa; eius petala apice cohaerentia, lamina basi vix

auriculata. Stamina 4 mm. longa; antherae minutae. Ovarium lineari-

lanceolatum, glabrum, 6—8-ovulatum; stylus sub stigmate ipso parce

papillosus. Legumen a latere compressum, ambitu ellipticum 6—9 mm.

longum, nigricans, apice styli basi mucronatum, valvarum lapsu dehiscens,

replo persistente. Semina 1—3 ambitu late elliptica, 1:5—2 mm. longa,

rubra, saepe nigro-punctata. Hook. f., Fl. N. Zeal. I. 50 (1852) et Handb.

N. Zeal. Fl. 50 (1864): Kirk, Stud. Fl. 110 (1889); De Wildem., Icon. Sel.

Hort. Thenens, i. t.13 (1900); Cheesem., Man. N. Zeal. Fl. 113 (1906).

C. Cumminghamii, Raoul, Choix, 29, t. 28B (1846). Botssiaea scolopendrina,

A. Rich., Fl. Nouv. Zel. 346 (1867), non Sm.

A much-branched shrub, leafless or almost leafless when

full grown ; branches dark green, stiff, usually quite flat,

2 to 4mm. wide, with notches at the nodes. Perfect leaves

are present only in the young state, they rise from the

notches of the branches, are up to 2°5 cm. long, bear 3 to 7

inversely cordate thin leaflets and are with or without

minute stipules ; in the adult state the leaves are mostly

represented by tiny dry scales. The flowers are arranged

in short 3- to 6-flowered racemes springing from the axils

of the scale-leaves and about 1 cm. long; the spindle, the

small bracts and very short flower-stalks are often beset

with small stiff appressed white hairs. The calyx is green,

glabrous, shortly 5-toothed and 1:5 mm. long. The

corolla is white with violet stripes on the standard and

4 to 5 mm. long; the standard is very broadly rounded

from a short claw and rolled backward; the wing and

keel-petals are only slightly shorter and have oblong

blunt blades. The anthers are very minute. The linear-

lanceolate glabrous ovary has 6 to 8 ovules in 2 rows and

bears a slender style which is sparingly papillose just

below the stigma. The pods are laterally compressed,

elliptic in outline and crowned by the persistent and

hardened style-base; they open by throwing off the

thinly leathery ultimately blackish sides, the thickened

sutures and the back-ridge remaining as an elliptic

frame attached to the stalk and often holding the

seeds as in a window. The seeds are broad-elliptic in

outline, 1:5 to 2 mm. long and red with or without black

spots; there are 1 to 3 of them in a pod.

DistRIBUTION.—New Zealand, North and South

Islands.

This remarkable genus, which is confined to New Zea--

land, with the exception of C. exsul, a native of Lord

Howe Island, has hitherto not been figured in this work.

Although mostly small-flowered—only C. Walliamsii has

flowers of larger size (up to over 2 cm.)—the species of

Carmichaeha attract attention by the frequent absence

of leaves in the adult state, the flattened deep-green

branches taking over their function, and by the pretty,

often numerous flowers which spring in short racemes from

their notches. C. australis was discovered by Sir Joseph

Banks and Dr. Solander on the east coast of the North

Island in 1769, but was not described until 1825 when

Lindley figured it from a plant in Colvill’s nursery

with a description and notes by R. Brown. R. Brown

identified it with Forster’s Lotus arboreus, but Forster’s

specimen of that species in the Kew Herbarium is evidently

C. flagelliformis, under which C. arboreus is also quoted

by Cheeseman. Brown’s description covers probably

both, the part referring to the fruits being drawn up

from Forster’s specimen or drawing which shows fruit,

the remainder from Colvill’s plant. Seedling plants

regularly bear, in the notches of the flattened stems,

perfect leaves with 3-7 leaflets on a rachis which is up

to over 2°5 cm. long. The adult plants at Kew from which

the piece figured here was taken were, but for minute

rudiments, quite leafless, but flowering specimens cut

from the same group of plants in 1920 show not a few

leaves, up to 5 mm. long with an obovate-oblong terminal

leaflet and two narrower minute lateral leaflets. The

separation of the valves from the persistent replum is

generally complete in C. australis and the majority of the

species of the genus, but in some the valves remain either

attached to it, or the fruit is indehiscent altogether. The

formation of a “‘ replum ”’ is not unknown in other genera

of Leguminosae, e.g., Mimosa, Entada and Lysiloma,

but in none, it seems, are the seeds held in the replum

as in a frame, as is the case in Carmichaelia.. According

to Cheeseman the genus is the most difficult in the New

Zealand flora as far as the discrimination of the species

is concerned ; everything but the pods seems to be in a

state of flux.

C. australis is grown at Kew out of doors in the shelter

of the walls of the Temperate House where it stands the

inclemencies of the winter very well. It is an early

summer-flowerer here as well as in its home, the flowering

seasons being June and July, and November and

December respectively. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a flower, x5; 3, a standard, x6;

4, wing petals, x 6; 5, a keel petal, x6; 6, stamens and pistil, x8; 7, staminal

tube and free stamen 8; 8, pistil, x8; 9, the same cut open, X8; 10, replum

with seeds, nat. size; 11, seed, x 6.

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Hast Rte sg

OF THE

GP TV IWOIS

Tas. 8973.

RHODODENDRON SINOGRANDE.

China.

ErRIcACEAR. Tribe RHODODENDREAR.,

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. 11.599; Drude in Engl.

d& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. i. 35.

Rhododendron sinogrande, Bal/. f. et W. W. Smith in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb.

IX. 274 (1916); aftinis R. grandi, Wall., sed foliis latioribus, pedicellis dense

lanato-tomentosis nec glandulosis, ovario eglanduloso, stylo valido differt.

Frutex vel arbor usque ad 11 m. alta, grandifolia, ramis crassis circiter 2°5 em.

diametro. Folia maxima, longe petiolata; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel

interdum obovato-elliptica, utrinque rotundata, usque ad 5 dm. longa et

2°5 dm. lata, rigide coriacea vel chartacea, supra viridis, bullata, glabra, infra

argentea, nitens, indumento compacto tenuissimo persistente obtecta, costa

infra valde prominente, basi usque ad 1°3 cm. lata, glabra, nervis utrinsecus

12—16 supra sulcatis infra prominentibus et glabris; petiolus crassus,

primum argenteus, demum glabrescens, supra fere planus, ad 1:5 cm. latus.

Inflorescentia circiter 20-flora, umbellato-racemosa ad 2 dm. diametro:

bracteae caducae, obovatae, circiter 5 em. longae et 2°5 cm. latae, dorso

molliter tomentosae, facie marginem versus glabrescentes; pedicelli

crassi, 3—4 cm. longi, dense lanato-tomentosi. Calyx obliquus, lanato-

tomentosus, minute et undulate denticulatus. Corolla nutans, carnosa,

lactea, delicate flavido-suffusa, circiter 5 em. longa, a basi late campanulata,

tubo basi gibboso et rubra suffuso glabro, lobis 8 circiter 2 em. latis late

emarginatis. Stamena 18, corolla multo breviora; filamenta inferne

puberula. Ovarium magnum, lanato-tomentosum, circiter 20-loculare ;

stylus corollae tubo aequilongus, glaber, curvatus, sub stigmate incrassatus ;

stigma magnum, discoideum, circiter 1 em. diametro, lobulatum. Capsula

tomentosa, curvata, 3 cm. longa. Gard. Chron. Ixxi. 290, fig. 158 (1922).

An erect shrub or small tree up to 11 m. high, with

large and handsome foliage, the young shoots about

2°56 cm. thick. The leaf-blades are borne on long stout

stalks flattened on the upper side and soon glabrous ;

they are oblong-elliptic or sometimes obovate-elliptic,

rounded at both ends, up to 5 dm. long and 25 dm. broad,

rigidly leathery, glabrous, green and boldly puckered

above, silvery below with a very thin compact layer of

hairs; the midrib and the 12-16 pairs of nerves are

prominent below and glabrous. The inflorescence is an

umbel-like raceme of about 20 flowers, up to 2 dm. in

diameter; the early deciduous bracts are obovate and

about 5 cm. by 2°5 cm. and softly hairy on both sides

except towards the margin inside; the flower-stalks

are stout, about 3-4 cm. long and woolly-hairy. The

calyx is very oblique, minutely toothed and woolly-

hairy. The nodding widely bell-shaped corolla is fleshy

creamy-white, glabrous and about 5 em. long, with <¢

tube pouched and tinged with red at the base and ar

8-lobed limb, the lobes being about 2 cm. wide anc

broadly notched. ‘The 18 stamens are much shorter thar

the corolla and their filaments are shortly hairy in the

lower part. The 20-celled ovary is large and woolly-

tomentose; the curved glabrous style is about as long as

the corolla-tube and thickened under the large disk-like

minutely lobed stigma which is about 1 cm. in diameter,

DistrRiBuTION.—China. South-west Yunnan, Shweli-

Salween divide.

This magnificent species of Rhododendron, as the name

implies, was considered by the late Sir Isaac Bailey

Balfour to be the Chinese representative of the

Himalayan &. grande, Wall. The hairy covering

on the lower surface of the leaves in the two species is

very similar, but the leaves in R. sinogrande are larger

and broader, and the pedicels and ovary lack the glands

characteristic of R. grande. R. sinogrande was discovered

in August, 1912, by Mr. G. Forrest on the Western flank

of the Shweli-Salween divide, about 25° N. at an

altitude of. 3,000-3,300 m., where it occurs in rhodo-

dendron-forests and flowers in April. There it attains

a height of lOm. A. grande is found in a slightly more

northerly latitude in the Sikkim and Bhotan Himalayas,

growing from 2,100-3,300 m. altitude.

f£. sunogrande should prove particularly valuable as a

foliage plant, for in the opinion of Mr. J. C. Williams

it has the finest leaves of any evergreen yet seen in this

country. According to him the flower varies from a dull

creamy-white to a yellow almost as bright as the best

forms of Rk. lacteum. In Cornwall the plant appreciates

good soil, ample moisture overhead, and shade. :

The plant figured was presented to the late Mr. Godman,

of South Lodge, Horsham, by Mr. Williams, and was grown

by Dame Alice Godman, with whom it flowered in a cool

greenhouse about April 25th, 1922.—J. Hurcurnson. _

Fig. 1, inflorescence and part of leaves, nat. size; 2, hairs from the lower

surface of a leaf, x 200; 3, along stamen, x2; 4, anther, x4; 5, pistil, x 1: om

6, transverse section of ovary, X3; 7 (upper right-hand corner), hairs from

an ovary, X 100.

TS a ie bbebes ‘

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF vs WNals

L Snelling, del et lith ’ HF &G.Witherby. London

Tas. 8974.

GENTIANA RIGESCENS.

China.

GENTIANACEAE. Tribe SwWERTIEAE.

GENTIANA, Linn.; Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. Plant. II. 815; Kusnezow in Engl,

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 2. 80.

Herba perennis, glaberrima, multicaulis, caulibus rigidis teretibus ecostatis

saepe atro-sanguineis. Folia dimorpha, crassa, margine leviter revoluta,

caulina inferiora minima, fere squamiformia, orbicularia, 2—4 mm. longa,

sensim in folia perfecta breviter petiolata abeuntia, quorum lamina ovata

vel lanceolato-obovata vel superiorum ovato-oblonga, basi attenuata,

apice acuta vel subobtusa, tenuiter 3-nervis, 2—5 em. longa, 0°7—1°5 em.

lata, costa facie leviter sulcata dorso prominente ; petioli oppositi basi plus

minusve connati. Flores 1—13, saepissime dense capitati. Calyx mem-

branaceus; tubus 0°9—1 cm. longus, ima basi 2 mm. ore vero truncato 4 mm.

diametro, inconspicue venosus ; lobi 5, saepe valde inaequales, infra apicem

tubi orti, lineares et vix 2 mm. longi vel fere foliacei, ad oblongo-lanceolatum

vergentes, ad 7 mm. longiet 3mm. lati. Corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis,

2°5 em. longa, lobis late ovatis abrupte acuminatis 5 mm. longis 4 mm. latis,

plicis parvis obliquis. Stamina aequalia; filamenta circiter 1 cm. longa ;

antherae 2°75 mm. longae. Ovariwm anguste cylindricum, 2 em. longum,

stipitatum ; stylus apice breviter bifidus. Capsula glabra, stipitata, 2°2. em.

longa, brunnea. Semina foveolata, 0°75 mm. longa. Kusnezow in Act,

Hort. Petropol. XV. 235 (1904); Gard. Chron. LV. 15 (1914),

A perfectly glabrous many-stemmed perennial herb,

the stems more or less rigid and often of a dark-red

colour. The lowest of the leaves, all of which are thick

and have the margins slightly rolled back, are very

small, 2 to 4 mm. long, rounded and almost scale-like,

whilst the following become upwards gradually ovate or

lanceolate-obovate, or the upper ovate-oblong, with acute

or almost obtuse tips having their bases narrowed into

the leaf-stalks, which, at each node, are joined below

into a short sheath; these blades are 2 to 5cm. long and

faintly 3-nerved. The flowers vary in number from a

very few to thirteen, and they are generally crowded

into dense heads terminating a main-stem or its branches,

The calyx is membranous with a tube about 1 cm. long

and 4 mm. in diameter at the truncate mouth; the

lobes are often very unequal, varying from flower to

flower, some being almost leaf-like and up to 7 mm. long

and 3 mm. broad, while the others are much reduced

and often linear. The corolla varies from tubular to

funnel-shaped and is 2°5 cm. long with abruptly acuminate

broadly ovate lobes which are blue with minute green

dots and measure 5 mm. by 4 mm., and they have

small asymmetrical folds between them. The stamens

are equal, the filaments 1 cm. and the anthers 2°75 mm.

long. The ovary is narrowly cylindrical, stalked and

2 cm. long and terminates in a shortly bifid stigma.

The capsule is brown, glabrous and 2-2 cm. long,

including the stalk. The seeds are covered with a

loose coat which, in the dry state, appears to be deeply

pitted, the pits being separated by relatively high

ridges.

DIsTRIBUTION.—China. West Yunnan; Mountains of

Lichiang, Tali and Szemao and westwards to the frontier

of Burma.

This interesting Gentian, which has not been figured

so far, is apparently limited in its distribution to Yunnan,

where the Abbé Delavay discovered it on Mt. Tsang

above Tali in 1884 (No. 142). Here Camillo Schneider

also collected it between 2,500 and 3,500 m. nine years

ago. From Tali it ranges north to the mountains of

Lichiang (Forrest 3091) and south to the neighbourhood

of Szemao in 22° 45’ N. 101° E.. (A. Henry 9230) whilst

Forrest traced it westwards to Tengyueh near the Burmese

frontier. All over this area it inhabits dry grassy or

stony downs, not flowering until the autumn has arrived

and often as late as November. In this country flowering

is even more delayed, and the specimens from which our

plate was made were actually cut in the Botanic Garden

at Edinburgh in the middle of December of last year,

when the plants were still in full vigour. So late a

flowering season ought to make this gentian a welcome

addition to our gardens. In the circumstances it is not

surprising that the plant, although perfectly hardy, does

not produce mature seed with us so that propagation

by division has to be resorted to. Franchet, in his

original description, placed G. rigescens in the section

Pneumonanthe, but the Grisebachian section of that

name was subsequently divided into four sections by

Professor Kusnezow, the monographer of Lu-Gentiana.

In this arrangement Pnewmonanthe (in the stricter

sense) is separated from the segregated section Frigida

by the structure of the seeds which are winged in the

former and wingless, and, at the same time, pitted in the

latter. Neither Franchet nor Kusnezow seem to have

examined the seeds of G. rigescens, but good samples of

them received through the kindness of M. Gagnepain of

the Paris Herbarium show clearly that the species belongs

to the Frigida section, within which it appears to be

closely related to G. melandriifolia, a relationship already

indicated by Kusnezow, who has moreover described a

natural hybrid between the two species which are asso-

ciated with each other in the mountains of Tali and also

in those of Likiang. W. B. TuRRIL1.

Fig. 1, a part of a plant, nat. size; 2, a calyx, cut open, with unusually equal

lobes, X 3; 3, corolla, cut open, X15; 4, corolla lobe, x4; 5, stamens, x6;

6, pistil, x3; 7, capsule, nat. size; 8, seed, x 25; cells of testa with reticulate

thickening of the outer walls, « 160.

Wit LIDSARY

OF THE

URIVERSITY OF) UINOIS

TaB. 8975.

HAEMANTHUS LYNESII.

Sudan.

AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLIDEAE.

Haremantuus, Linn. ; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 730; Pax in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 5. 104.

Haemanthus Lynesii, Stapf (sp. nov.); inter species gregis H. multiflort, Martyn,

“FT. tenuifloro var. coccineo,’’ Hook. f., proximus, sed perigonii segmentis

tenuioribus pro maxima parte flavis distinctus; ab H. multifloro ipso iisdem

notis et foliorum laminis basi rotundato-contractis et floribus minoribus distat.

Herba bulbosa, glaberrima. Bulbus hornotinus depressus, 75 em. diametro,

4-5 em. altus, squamis flavescentibus rubro-punctatis vestitus, bulbo annotino

esquamato crasse disciformi latiori insidens, initio aestatis scapum florentem,

postea anthesi peracta tarde folia emittens. Caulis spurius 5-foliatus, ad

18 em. altus, basi cataphyllis brevibus sub anthesi violaceis et arcte im-

bricatis cinctus. Folia inferiora 3 inter se remota; vaginae.tubulosae,

parte exserta basi rubro-punctata ; lamina ovato-elliptica, undulata, sub-

acuta, basi breviter lateque in vaginam contracta, petiolo nullo interiecto,

ad 12 cm. longa, 6 cm. lata, obscure viridia. Scapus ad caulis spurii basin

ortus, circiter 13 cm. longus, 1 cm. diametro, viridis, basi rubro-punctatus.

Umbella basi spathis 3 albidis tenuiter scariosis sub anthesi deflexis 3—3°5 em.

longis suffulta, multiflora (floribus saepe ultra 50) ambitu depresso-globosa,

staminibus inclusis ad 16 cm. diametro; bracteae capillares, albidae,

1:5—2 em. longae; pedicelli virides, plerique 2 cm. longi. Receptaculum

subglobosum, 3 mm. diametro. Perigonti tubus sursum paulo dilatatus,

10—11 mm. longus, ruber; segmenta angustissima, linearia, minute cucul-

lata, apice ipso fimbriolata, incurvo-patentia, circiter 15 mm. longa, explanata

0°75 mm. lata, basi pallide rubra, caeterum lutea, pro maxima longitudine

tenuissime 3 nervia. Staminum filamenta divaricata, 2°5—3 cm. longa, igneo-

cinnabarina; antherae aureae, nisi dorso nigricantes, vix 2 mm. longae.

Stylus ruber, circiter 3 cm. longus.

A bulbous herb which produces a flowering scape about

13 cm. high in the early summer and, after flowering, a

false stem about 18 cm. high and formed by the telescoped

tubular leaf-sheaths ; both spring from a growing bulb

4-5 cm. high with a diameter of 7-8 cm. and covered

with more or less fleshy scales, the outer of which are

yellowish and dotted with red, the bulb itself resting on

the slightly enlarged bare disc-shaped core of the bulb of

the preceding year. The leaves, of which there are 5 (the

lower 2 or 3 distant from each other), have dull green

ovate-elliptic shortly pointed blades which are rather

suddenly contracted into the sheaths and measure about

12 cm. by 6 cm. The umbel is almost globose, about

16 cm. wide and almost as high and carries over 50

flowers ; it is supported by 3 whitish dry membranous

deflexed spathe-leaves; the green pedicels are 2 to

2°5 cm. long and have each a long fine almost hairlike

white bract at the base. The perigone-tube is uniformly 10

to 11 mm. long, slightly widened upwards, and vermilion

red ; the segments which are incurved upwards are very

narrowly linear with a minutely hooded tip, 14 to 15 mm,

long and pale red at the base, but otherwise yellow. The

brilliantly scarlet filaments are 2°5 to 3 cm. long, ex-

ceeding the red style by 1 cm., and they bear golden-

yellow anthers with blackish backs. |

DisTRIBUTION.—Darfur ; Lake Chad—Nile divide, Kulme

(about 12° 30’ N. 23° 30’ E.), 1050 m., Lynes.

This very brilliantly coloured species was discovered

by Admiral H. Lynes during the Lynes-Lowe Natural

History Expedition to Darfur in the early summer of

1921, when he and his party were encamped near the

village of Kulme on the western side of the Lake Chad—

Nile divide, 8.8.W. of Jebel Marra. The description

of the country with which the admiral favoured me is

so vivid and interesting that I prefer to give it almost in

full. He writes :—

“The hills forming the divide consist entirely of

igneous rocks and are pleasantly covered with light

open woods, mostly formed of Sahab-trees (Combretum

sp.) with gnarled trunks and spreading branches sug-

gesting, when coming into leaf in the early rains,

lopped hornbeams, Here during the rainy season

conditions are very favourable to the growth of

‘petalous monocots.’ Scarcely have the first showers

of the season refreshed the parched soil when on all

sides succulent green shoots appear, often thrusting

aside the last few inches of their prison wall with

volcanic violence. First come the crinums, and in

ten days time the woodland glades are carpeted with

their mauve-lined sprays; a week or so later red

kaempferias adorn the shadier nooks. Other less con-

spicuous kinds follow, and latest of all, quite in the

middle of the rain-period, come the blood-red and

orange gloriosas and flaming Haemanthus. By this

time the shrubs, herbs, and all the grasses are well

on the way with their annual growth, but imperial

Haemanthus demands a clear space around his fiery

globe, and such spots are few and far between, and

it is therefore found generally where the ground has

been artificially, cleared by man or browsing beast

near villages, or where the rocky nature or the chemical

constituents of the scanty soil keep out other plants.

The result is that although our Haemanthus is a most

lovely and conspicuous object in the landscape, it

is uncommon about Kulme; furthermore, we never

found it growing otherwise but singly. By September

the whole countryside is choked up with a dense growth

of giant grasses, 5 to 9 ft. high, and other virile plant-

forms, twining, climbing and spreading in all directions

and at all levels.”

On his return Admiral Lynes gave some bulbs of the

Haemanthus to the late Mr. Elwes, with whom one of

the plants flowered in the latter half of July of last year.

Mr. Elwes sent it to Kew that it might be drawn for

this work. It was one of the last communications of

that ardent plant-lover and generous supporter of the

Botanical Magazine, whose contributions date back to

1875. Beginning with Galanthus Hlwesw (t. 6166) they

amount to over a hundred, including a_ few

plants which have been reserved for the next

volume. To complete the hundred was one of his

modest ambitions and it gave him much pleasure when

he saw it practically realised at last. Rarely has a

private garden conducted on so simple lines as that at

Colesborne Park yielded so much in return for the love

and skill bestowed on it.

H. Lynesw has been compared with H. multiflorus, but

it differs from it in the delayed development of the leaves

which attain their full size only 6 to 8 weeks after

flowering, the abruptly contracted bases of the leaf-

blades, the much finer, delicately nerved perigone-

segments and the brilliant scarlet of the filaments. It

approaches nearer to the Abyssinian plant depicted in

t. 58 of this work as H. tenuzflorus var. coccineus. This,

however, is shown in the plate with a blood-red perigone

(like H. multiflorus) and a very short tube (6 mm.).

Unfortunately no specimen was preserved nor have I been

able to find any later reference to the plant in literature.

This H. tenuiflorus var. coccineus may be the very imper-

fectly known H. abyssinicus of Herbert, but it can hardly

be associated with the H. tenuiflorus of Herbert, a plant

with rose coloured flowers and perigone-segments as wide

as those of H. multiflorus.

H. Lynesti is grown like H. multiflorus at Kew

as a stove plant. The very pronounced contrast

between the wet and the dry seasons of Darfur and the

long duration of the latter suggest a correspondingly

prolonged resting period for the bulbs. According to |

Admiral Lynes the rainfall at Kulme during 1921—very

nearly all of it fell in the four months June to September

—was 725mm. On the eastern side of the divide it was

nearer 250 to 375 mm. and uncertain and local. The

average maximum temperature in the dry season is about

32° C. (90° F.) with the wet bulb at 18° C. (65° F.), but

during the rainy season the corresponding figures are

26.5° C. (80° F.) and 21° C. (70° F.)in bright weather and

21° C. (70° F.) and 20°C. (68° F.) when raining. The

nights are cool with minima of 5°-10° C. (40°-50° F.)

in the winter and about 15° C. (60° F.) in the summer.-— —

O.8.

Fig. 1, a leafy “ stem,”’ slightly less than } nat. size ; 2, bulb with the core of

last year’s bulb underneath, } nat. size; 3, one of the top-leaves, 2 nat. size;

4, flowering scape, nat. size; 5, a flower, nat. size; 6, a perigone-segment, x 4;

7, tip of the same, X 20; 8, section through the perigone-tube, x 2.

ers ;

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UNIVERSITY GF 8 LINOIS

‘ £5 Tt

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G. Atkinson.del L.Snelling. lith HF &G Witherby, London

Tas. 8976.

WATTAKAKA SINENSIS.

China.

ASCLEPIADACEAE. ‘Tribe TYLOPHOREAE.

WattTakakA, Hassk. in Flora XL. 99 (1857) et in Bonplandia VII. 267 (1859);

Dregea, Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 775, pro parte (1873); Dregea Sect.

Wattakaka, K. Sch. in Engl. & Pranil., Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 2. 293 (1895).

Wattakaka sinensis, Stapf (nov. comb.); W. corrugatae, Stapf (nov. comb.

e Dregea corrugata, Schneider) vix pro specie propria habendae consimillima,

floribus albis rubro-maculatis et folliculis haud transverse lamellato-corrugatis

diversa; utraque a W. volubili, Stapf (nov. comb. ex Asclepiade volubili, Linn.)

foliorum tomento, corollae colore, coronae staminalis forma, folliculis abunde

differt.

Frutex scandens vel pendulus, ad 3 m. altus; rami iuniores primo dense deinde

laxius tomentelli, vetusti cortice lenticellato-verrucoso fusco tecti. Folia

petiolata ; lamina late cordato-ovata, acuta vel saepius acute acuminata,

4—9°5 cm. longa, 4—7'5 cm. lata, membranacea vel chartacea, facie viridis,

minute pubescens, dorso cinereo-velutina, 5-pli-nervia, nervis utrinque 2 vel

3 lateralibus additis; petiolus 1:5—4 cm. longus, tomentellus. IJn/flores-

centiae specie interaxillares, umbellato-cymosae, 8—15-florae, 3—6 cm.

diametro, pedunculo nutante 2—6 cm. longo pubescente ; bracteae minutae,

subulatae vel lineares, villosulae; pedicelli graciles, 2—2°5 cm. longi, pubes-

centes. Calyx 5-fidus, pubescens, segmentis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis acutis

2—3 mm. longis intra cum glandulis singulis alternantibus. Corolla in

alabastro perfecto ovoidea, 6—7 mm. longa, deorsum visa obtuse pentagona,

plane aperta rotata, alte 5-fida; tubus late cupularis, perbrevis, extra

glaber, intra ore annulo prominulo marginatus et ibi pilosulus ; lobi ovato-

elliptici, obtusi, dextrorsum obtegentes,- alba, varie rubro-punctati vel

striolati, ciliolati, caeterum glabri, 5—6 mm. longi, 4 mm. lati. Gynostegium

vix e tubo exsertum. Coronae staminalis membra area rhombica stamin-

ibus amedio late adnata, crassa, carnosa, alba, deorsum visa ambitu ovata,

15 mm. longa, apiculata, antheris incumbentia. Antherae connectivo

dilatato ovato obtuso hyalino styli capiti incumbente, lobis basalibus

cartilagineis vestibulum stigmaticum marginantibus fere ad basin gynostegii

in alas angustas tenues ductum basi saepe poro apertum obtegentes pro-

ductis. Pollinia anguste clavata, erecta, 2 mm.longa; translatores tenues,

pollinium versus clavato-incrassati, elastici, iis duplo breviores; retinacula

anguste lanceolato-oblonga, 1 mm. longa. Siylorum caput 3 mm. altum,

facie inferiore stigmatosa sensim in stylos abeunte. folliculi patentes,

lanceolato-fusiformes, longe acuminati, sursum incurvi, 5°5 cm. longi,

inferne 1 em. diametro, tenuissime pubescentes, parietibus lignoso-coriaceis

0°5 mm. vix crassioribus, fere laeves vel saepius magis minusve transverse

ea coe. Semina obovato-oblonga, 10 mm. longa, coma 2—2°5 cm.

onga.

A climbing or pendulous shrub, up to 3 m. high with

slender branches which are densely and softly downy

when young, but ultimately become covered with a dusky

brown and warty bark. The leaves borne on slender

stalks 1-5-4 cm. long are broadly ovate from a heart-

shaped base and acute at the often elongated tips, they

measure 4-9'5 cm. by 4—7°5 cm. and are very minutely

and loosely hairy on the green upper side, whilst they

are covered with a greyish velvety down on the back.

The slender-stalked flowers are, in the number of 8-25,

gathered in nodding or pendulous umbel-like downy

inflorescences, 3-6 cm. in diameter and borne on pedun-

cles 3-6 cm. long. The downy deeply 5-cleft calyx is

2-3 mm. long, its segments being ovate or ovate-oblong

with a small solitary gland at the base close to each sinus.

The corolla is shortly egg-shaped in the bud, and bluntly

5-angled with the segments overlapping to the right;

when fully open it is star-shaped up to 1-5 cm. in diameter

with a very short cup-like tube, which has a ring-like

swelling at the mouth, and a deeply 5-cleft limb with

oblong-elliptic blunt and minutely ciliate lobes ; this limb

is somewhat fleshy and white or faintly creamy with

coral- or claret-red dots, partly running into small

blotches and streaks. The gynostegiwm occupies almost

the whole of the mouth of the corolla, exceeding it very

slightly and presenting the fleshy pearly-white knob-

shaped coronal appendages in a star-like arrangement,

with the anthers emerging from underneath them and

lying with their wide white and membranous tips on the

style-head ; the hardened basal lobes of the anthers

whose cartilaginous edges form the fissure leading to the

stigmatic vestibule descend down to the middle of the

gynostegium whence they are continued almost to the

base as overlapping narrow thin wings. The pollinia

are erect in the flower, narrowly club-shaped and

connected with the retinacula by slender clavate elastic

translators. The fruit consists of 2 spindle-shaped

incurved follicles, much attentuated upwards, spread-

ing at right angles and 55-7 cm. long; they are

thinly woody, finely downy and either almost smooth

or rough from wavy transverse corrugations. The seeds

are inversely ovate-oblong and 10 mm. long and they

bear a tuft of silky hairs 2—2°5 cm. long.

DisTRIBUTION.—China, from western Hupeh along the

Yangtse to Yunnan, also in western Szechuan.

Wattakaka-Kodi is the Malabar (Malayalim) name

under which Rheede (publ. 1689) described and figured the

plant which became subsequently known as Asclepias

volubilis, L.f. (1781), Apocynum tiliaefolium, Lam. (1783),

Hoya viridiflora, R.Br. (1809), Wattakaka viridiflora, Hassk.

(1857), Dregea volubilis, Benth. ex Hook. f. (1883) and

Marsdena volubilis, 'T. Cooke (1907). It may reasonably

be considered as congeneric with the plant figured in this

plate, and for whichever genus we decide, that genus

will have to receive our plant. This is not the place to

deal in detail with the history of the changes of opinion

indicated by those names. The following must suffice.

The affinity with Asclepias and Apocynum need not be

discussed. Hoya, although in certain respects of similar

structure, has coriaceous leaves, waxy flowers with valvate

aestivation and, in its typical species, coronal appendages

of a somewhat different shape. Dregea, originally based

on a South African plant is by its flower, as Mr. N. FE.

Brown has pointed out, a Marsdenia, in the narrower

original sense, and it is in so far incompatible with the

Malabar plant. There remains therefore only Wattakaka.

This was already recognised as a distinct group by

Decaisne, who, in his monograph of the Asclepiadaceae

in DeCandolle’s Prodromus, created for it a section

Wattakaka in Hoya, overlooking the technically important

character of its contorted (not valvate) aestivation.

Hasskarl, on the other hand fastened on this character

and carrying the discrimination a step farther, raised

Decaisne’s section to generic rank, a view also shared

by Miquel in his Flora of Dutch East India. Boerlage

who more recently examined the group in its relation

to Dregea also came to the conclusion that Wattakaka

will have to be separated from Dregea as a distinct genus,

although, pending a monograph of the order, he preferred

to leave it, like K. Schumann, in Dregea asasection. With

our more complete knowledge of the group, however,

there seems to be no reason for maintaining this un-

natural combination any longer. Although congeneric,

W. volubilis and W. sinensis are by no means very closely

allied and no doubt can arise as to their specific dis-

crimination. It is otherwise with Schneider’s Dregea

corrugata, which indeed may represent merely specimens

of W. sinensis with an excessive development of the

transverse corrugations which are mostly, though in a

minor degree, observable in the fruits of W. sinensis.

The specimen from which the plate was prepared was

communicated by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs, in whose

garden at Elstree it flowered last summer. He informs

us that he raised it from seed collected by E. Wilson

(No. 682) and given to him by Professor Sargent of the

Arnold Arboretum about fifteen years ago. He grows

it on a wall facing south and it has so far never suffered

from frost. The flowers resemble those of a typical Hoya.

They are very dainty and attractive though not exactly

showy. In its home it frequently grows on cliffs, hanging

down, the flowers making no doubt a good display.

Occasionally it also trails on the ground.

W. sinensis was discovered by Professor A. Henry in a_

ravine off the Ichang gorge of the Yangtse in 1887, and

about the same time the Rev. E. Faber found it higher

up on the river just inside the Szechuan border. Its

introduction into cultivation is, however; due to HE.

Wilson who collected seed near Ichang in 1907. He

traced the species later as far west as Mupin, whilst

Camillo Schneider established its occurrence on the upper

Yangtse in Yunnan at an altitude of 2400 m. In all

these cases the flowers are described as white or creamy-

white, variously speckled with red. Wilson, however,

encountered at Maochou on the upper Min river (N.W.

Szechuan) a very similar plant with “‘ yellow” flowers

and transversely lamellate fruits. This and another with

the same kind of fruit, collected by von Rosthorn at

Nanchuan near the junction of the Min and Yangtse,

represent the plant described by Camillo Schneider as

Dregea corrugata. Henry also noted a specimen from

Patung, west of Tcheng, as having yellow flowers. I can,

however, find no difference as far as the dried flowering

material goes, and suspect that the “‘ yellow’ observed

was due to fading or the advanced condition of the

flowers. To the lamellation of the fruit of Dregea cor-

rugata I have already referred.

Fig. 1, flowering branch with an immature fruit, nat. size; 2, an umbel of

average size, nat. size; 3, a flower, seen from above, x4; 4, a gynostegium, X 33

5, section through a gynostegium, somewhat diagrammatic, X3; 6, a stamen

seen from the back, with the coronal appendage recurved, X3; 7, the same seen

from within, x3; 8, pollinia with translators and retinacula, X< 10.

eee: abe LIBTARY | |

Bee ee OF THE |

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Fas. 8977,

ECHIUM COELESTE.

Canary Islands.

BORRAGINACEAE. Tribe ECHIEAE.

Ecutum, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. Il. 863; Giirke in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 3a. 28.

Echium coeleste, Stapf. (sp. nov.); foliorum indole et florum structura

E. Webbii, Coincy, simillimum, sed monocarpicum, caule simplici, corollae

limbo fere regulari et more yosotidis patente, antheris magnis distinctum.

Herba monocarpica (bi- vel triennis ?), circiter 75 cm. alta; caulis simplex,

erectus, basi ad 25 mm. diametro, sub anthesi ad 25 cm. foliorum vestigiis

dense albo-tomentosis arcte vestitus, deinde per idem spatium dense foliatus,

adpresse strigilloso-hirsutus pilis patulis additis. Folia inferiora defiexa,

subpetiolata, ad 14 cm. longa, ad 2 cm. lata, caetera sessilia, horizontaliter

patentia, sursum decrescentia, lanceolata, acute acuminata, summa vix

4 cm. longa et 0°5 cm. lata, omnia subargentea vel canescenti-virescentia,

tactu mollia, facie dense dorso vero praeter nervos laxius pilis strigillosis

appressis vestita, costa subtus crassiuscula, nervis perobliquis facie impressis

dorso prominentibus utrinque 5 vel 6. Inflorescentia ambitu oblongo-

lanceolata, 30 cm. longa, ad 8 cm. lata, densiuscula; rami inferiores 3 cm.

vix longiores, oblique erecti, ad 3 cm. nudi, et utirhachis eadem hirsutie induti

ac caulis foliatus nisi pilis patentibus crebrioribus et magis conspicuis ;

bracteae ramos subpetentes foliaceae, lineari-lanceolatae, 2-5—1 cm. longae,

3—2 mm. latae, hirsutae, superiores ad flores sitae similes sed multo minores,

calyces aequantes; pedicelli vix ulli. Flores dioici (semper ?), 2 tantum

visi. Calyx ad basin 5-fidus, 5 mm. longus; segmenta sublinearia vel

anguste lanceolata, acuta, strigoso-ciliata et insuper in dorso hirta, antica

duo paulo latiora, posticum omnium angustissimum et brevissimum. Corolla

breviter infundibuliformis, fere plane regularis, 8 mm. longa, limbo aperto

patente 8—9 mm. diametro; tubus albidus, 5mm. longus, intra ad basin parce

pilosulus, caeterum glaber, annulo basali obsoleto; limbus amoene coe-

ruleus, extra albo-pilosus, lobis subaequalibus late ovatis obtusis ciliolatis.

Stamina hebetata; filamenta pallide purpurascentia, corollam aequantia

vel paulo breviora; filamenta glabra, antica basi incrassata, in tubum

protrusa et ibi membranae opera corollae affixa, lateralia fabrica simili sed

minus conspicua; antherae cassae, brevissime exsertae, brunnescentes,

0°75 mm. longae. Stylus longe exsertus, 14 mm. longus, pilosus, breviter

2-fidus ; stigmata minuta, capitata. Nuculae perfectae 3—1, haud contiguae,

ex areola basali late transverse elliptica ambitu late ovatae, acutae, fuscae,

3 mm. longae, dorso imprimis ad latera grosse dentato-tuberculatae.

A simple-stemmed monocarpic dioecious herb, bi- or

triennial, about 75 cm. high, whose stem is covered in

the lower third with the white woolly scars of fallen leaves,

but densely leafy above. The leaves are throughout

lanceolate, acutely and long pointed, greyish-green to

almost dull silvery (at least when dry) with dense stiff

closely appressed hairs and with 5 to 6 very oblique

nerves which are impressed on the upper face and raised

on the underside; the lower leaves are deflexed anc

up to 14 cm. by 2 cm., whilst the following spread hori:

zontally and decrease upwards in size, passing into the

floral leaves of the inflorescence. ‘This is a dense oblong,

lanceolate very many-flowered erect panicle, about

30 cm. long and up to 8 cm. wide, with oblique branches

bare at the base and densely and appressedly hairy

the closely approximate bracts of the branchlets ar

foliaceous, lanceolate and about as long as the calyces

which they cover. The crowded flowers are nearly

sessile and (always ?) functionally unisexual; only :

female plant having been seen, the following descriptior

covers that sex only. The calyx is deeply 5-cleft witl

narrow acute segments stiffly hairy on the edges and the

back. The corolla is shortly funnel-shaped with ¢

whitish tube and an almost regular widely open liml

about 8 to 9 mm. in diameter and of the purest sky

blue; the lobes of the limb are roundish-ovate anc

minutely ciliate. The stamens are hardly exserted anc

their barren brown anthers are 0°75 mm. long. ‘Thr

style is 14 mm. long and hairy. The mature nutlet.

are blackish-brown, broadly ovate, 3 mm. long anc

pointed with coarse sharp tubercles along their sides.

DistRiBuTION.—Canary Islands. Palma, on th

Cumbre de Garafia in the northern part of the island.

The plant portrayed in the accompanying plate wa

raised at Kew from seed communicated by the lat

Dr. V. G. Perez of Orotava who for many years devote

himself with singular enthusiasm and perseverance t

the exploration of his beautiful island-home and th

development of its horticultural and economic resources

Dr. Perez received the seeds from a Sefior Ortega, ai

employee of the Forest Department of Palma, whi

“is fond of shooting and often goes up to the mountai)

summits above Garafia,’’ a commune in the northern par

of the island. The seeds were collected late in 191

and the first of the plants raised flowered in June 1922

Unfortunately it turned out to be a purely femal

individual which after profuse flowering died. A fres.

sowing was made last year and it is hoped that mal

and female plants will be obtained, if not that curiou

gynomoneecius form observed by Dr. H. Hallier in

E. virescens, a species rather closely allied to H. Webbi.

In this the inflorescence passes first through a female stage

and then produces from the last buds of the cymes a

number of hermaphrodite flowers thereby ensuring

fertilisation.

E. coeleste is another of the very numerous plants

which in their distribution are not only confined

to the Canary Islands, but within them often limited

to extremely restricted areas. There are already three

endemic species of Hchiwm known from the island of

Palma, representing very distinct types, viz., #. Piniana,

E. gentianoides and E. Webbii. Of these H. gentianoides,

a glabrous plant and the most distinct of all, is, like our

species, known only from the high Cumbra de Garafia.

All the species mentioned belong to a very natural

section of Hchiuwm, which is almost entirely* peculiar

to the Atlantic Islands and comprises a number of

species remarkable on account of their stately appearance

and great size. . coeleste is probably the most beautiful

of them. Coincy has treated the group in an able

monograph in the Bulletin de VHerbier Boissier and

given it the name Pachylepis. Most of the species seem

to be very ready to cross and several striking hybrids

have been produced. In this country they have to be

grown indoors, with the exception of a few favoured

localities in Cornwall, but any cool and airy greenhouse

would meet their requirements. In Kew #. coeleste has

like its congeners of the Pachylepis section found a

isuitable home in the cool wings of the Temperate House.

| O.S8.

! Fig. 1, whole plant, about } nat. size; 2, inflorescence, nat. size; 3, a leaf,

‘upper side, nat. size; 4, the same seen from below ; 5, hairs from the under-side

of a leaf, x20; 6, calyx, spread out, x3; 7, corolla, opened and spread

JOUtn x 3.

]

_* Of the 20 species known of that group 14 occur each in one island only,

whilst three are common each to two islands. Madeira has two species (one

endemic) and the Cape Verde Islands also have two. One species is recorded

from Tenerife and the Spanish mainland and one from Spain only. The

latter is, however, imperfectly known and its origin is not certain.

CURTIS’S

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.

CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE

BOTANY, HISTORY AND CULTURE, OF NEW AND RARE

PLANTS FROM THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW,

AND OTHER BOTANICAL ESTABLISHMENTS AND PRIVATE GARDENS.

EDITED BY

eon LAP Ea ePH.D.? PRS:

Late Keeper of Herbarium and Library, Roval Botanic Gardens, Kew.

a ee ee

VOL. CXLIX. (1928).

——

SU UU

“ LY

, ‘“With tender heed,

Bringing thee chosen plants and blossoms blown

Among the distant mountains.”— Wordsworth.

PUBLISHED FOR

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, LONDON,

Bybee ow WITHER BY

326, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.1.

LONDON:

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY

MESSRS. H. F. AND G. WITHERBY,

326, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.1.

Part I. (tt. 8978-8989) published November 26th, 1923.

- II. (tt. 8990-9000) i March 3rd, 1924.

5 LIL. (tt. 9001-9012) oy June 16th, 192747

» LY. (tt. 9013-9023) ie September 22nd, 1924.

Eres eae eC YIN:

m HERBERT EUSTACE MAXWELL, BART.,

OF MONREITH, D.C.L., LU.D., F.RS.

DISTINGUISHED BY KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL AS

A GARDENER AND BY GRACE AND CHARM AS

A WRITER, A STAUNCH FRIEND OF HORTICULTURE

AND FORESTRY, AN INVESTIGATOR IN MANY

FIELDS, AND WITHAL A FAITHFUL SERVANT OF

THE NATION FOR LONG YEARS, THIS VOLUME IS

DEDICATED IN ADMIRATION AND GRATITUDE

BY THE

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

BRUTY QF UULIMMS

AWE LIBRARY

OF THE

ees

London

HF. & G. Witherby,

Tas. 8978.

PHYTOLACCA CLAVIGERA.

China.

PHYTOLACCACEAE, Tribe PHyTOLACCEAE.

Puyronacca, Linn.: Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II]. 84; Heimerlin Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 1b. 11; Walter in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV. 83. 36 (1909).

Phytolacca (Subg. Huphytolacca) clavigera, W. W. Smith in Not. Bot. Gard.

Edinb. X. 188 (1918); P. americanae, Linn., similis, sed floribus dense con-

gestis maioribus saepe ab initio pulchre roseo-purpureis et staminum carpellorum-

que numero distincta; P. polyandra, Batalin, species nobis imperfecte nota sed

e descriptione proxima, perianthii segmentis oblongis et staminum numero (16)

distat.

Suffrutex ramosus, 1—1'5 m. altus, glaberrimus, ramis robustis herbaceis superne

purpurascentibus. Folia petiolata; lamina elliptica vel ad lanceolatum

vel ad oblongum vergens, acuta, basi cuneata, ad 20 cm. longa, ad 10 cm.

lata, membranacea, viridis, tenuissime perlucide marginata, dorso ad costam

nervosque laxe papillosa-scaberula, exsiccando rhaphidibus numerosis

scaberula; petiolus robustus, ad 1:5 cm. longus, lamina decurrente alatus.

Racemé erecti, densi, praeter summum maximum ad 18 cm. longum et 3 cm.

crassum foliis breviores, pedunculo valido papilloso-scaberulo suffulti ;

bracteae anguste lineares vel tenuiter filiformes, 2 mm. longae; bracteolae

similes, sed multo minores, pedicello insidentes ; pedicelli basi incrassati,

sub anthesi ad 5 mm. longi, demum paulo elongati. Perianthium segmentis

aequalibus perlate ovatis obtusis vel subacutis 4 mm. longis 3 mm. latis

primo albis deinde roseo-purpureis vel ex alabastro roseo-purpureis. Stamina

12, perianthium aequantia. Ovarium 8-carpellatum, carpellis omnino con-

natis; styli fere 2 mm. longi, suberecti. Fructus baccati, arcte congesti,

depressi, vertice subexcavati, 9—10 mm. diametro, nigri ; semina orbiculari-

reniformia, 3 mm. diametro, atra, nitidissima.

P. clavigera resembles in most respects the well-known

P. americana (P. decandra of many authors), but it has

more compact racemes with larger perianths of a beautiful

purple-rose colour which contrasts vividly with the

bright green ovary. The terminal raceme may attain a

length of as much as 18 cm. with a diameter of 3 cm.

The flowers are 8 to 10 mm. across, the perianth-segments

being very broadly ovate with blunt or slightly pointed

tips. There are 12 stamens about as long as the perianth

and 8 carpels which are completely united. ‘The mature

berries are 9 to 10 mm. in diameter and rather depressed

at the top, which is slightly hollowed out; they are

deep black and crowded into a dense cylindrical

“spike.” The juicy blackish-purple pulp encloses

mostly 8 black brightly polished seeds, about 2 mm.

across.

DISTRIBUTION. Yunnan, exact locality unknown.

This plant was first grown at the Royal Botanic

Garden at Edinburgh from seed collected by Forrest

in Yunnan in 1913. Professor W. Wright Smith, to

whose courtesy we owe the specimen depicted here,

informs me that it came from an odd lot of seed without

any numbers or labels indicating the locality. It is

grown at Edinburgh in the herbaceous border and has

so far been found quite hardy. It is easily propagated

from seed. According to the author’s description the

flowers are white on opening but turn rose-purple

afterwards; but the flowers of the particular plant

portrayed in this plate were already rose-coloured in the

bud, the colouring becoming richer as they opened and

then fading again as the ovaries began to swell out.

Walter in his monograph of the Phytolaccaceae

enumerates three species of Phytolacca from China,

namely P. esculenta, P. acinosa and P. polyandra.

Of these the first two, which represent, however,

probably only one species, resemble our plant very

much in general appearance and particularly in the

compactness of the inflorescence and infructescence,

but they possess perfectly free carpels, a condition

characteristic of the subgenus Pircunia of Phytolacca.

On the other hand, P. wpolyandra, a native of

Kansu, agrees with our plant in the structure of the

ovary and also shares with it the large compact inflores-

cence, but its perianth-segments are oblong, measuring

6mm. by 3°5 mm. and there are 16 stamens in the flower.

It belongs, like P. clavigera, to the subgenus Huphytolacca,

whose headquarters are in America (from Paraguay and

Bolivia to Mexico and the eastern States of the Union).

Only one other species occurs in the Old World,

P. pruinosa, a native of Cyprus and Cilicia, and that is

an aberrant type with dioecious flowers. O.8.

Fig. 1, a terminal inflorescence, nat. size; 2, part of a stem with a lateral.

inflorescence, nat. size; 3, a flower, x5; 4, vertical section through the base of

a flower, <5; 5, cross section through the gynoecium, <6; 6, fruits, seen from.

below and from above, nat. size; 7, section of a seed, X 6,

fHE LIBRARY

ej DAVOS UF ALUKOS

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A.Kellett:del.L.Snelling lith. HF.&G. Witherby, London.

Tas. 8979.

MAXILLARIA CHRYSANTHA.

Brazil.

ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe MAXILLARIINAE,

Maxinuaria, Ruiz & Pavon; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant, WI. 555; Pfitzer

in Engl. & Prantl, IT. 6. 187.

Maxillaria chrysantha, Barb. Rodriguez, Gen. et Spec. Orchid. Nov. I. 155

(1877); a M. marginata, Fenzl, quacum ‘comparanda, pseudobulbis minoribus,

pedunculis foliis multo brevioribus, foliis angustioribus, labii lobo intermedio

brevi distat.

Herba epiphytica, rhizomate repente cataphyllis duris pallide brunneis demun

in fibras disintegratis obtecto pseudobulbos 2°5—4 cm. distantes emittente.

Pseudobulbi oblongi, late sulcati, 4 cm. longi, ad 2 em. diametro, basi cata-

phyllis scariosis lanceolatis acutis paucis suffulti. Folia 2-na ex apice

pseudobulbi orta ; lamina linearis, acuta, mucronata, basi longe in petiolum

attenuata, eo incluso ad 25 cm. longa, 0°5 cm. lata, coriacea, laete viridis ;

petiolus 2—4 cm. longus. Scapi singuli ad pseudobulbi basin orti, graciles,

erecti vel ascendentes, 8—10 cm. longi, pluribracteati; bracteae inferiores

imbricatae, circiter 1 cm. longae, superiores duplo longiores longitudine sua

ab inferioribus distantes, omnes a dorso visae lineari-lanceolatae, pallide

brunneae. Flores solitarii, 4—45 em. diametro, pedicello 2°5 cm. longo

suffulti. Receptaculum gracile, pedicello paulo latius, 2—2°5 cm. longum,

superne atro-rubens. Mentum lineare, 4 mm. longum, extra violaceum.

Sepala subaequalia; summum oblongum, cuspidato-acutum, 20 mm.

longum, 7—S$ mm. latum ; lateralia similia, sed paulo asymmetrica, sursum

magis attenuata, basi lata mento adnata, ad 28 mm. longa, 10—11 mm.

lata; omnia flava. Petala sepalis similia et concoloria, sed breviora et

angustiora. Labellwm cum basi valde contracta angulo recto mento insidens,

pro maxima longitudine columnae parallelum et ei aequilongum, alte

concavum vel aperte tubulosum, ore 3-lobum, a latere visum oblongum

latiusculum, a fronte angustius, explanatum fere quadratum, lobis demptis

14mm. longum, 12mm. latum, intra ad basin pilis 3-cellularibus pubescens,

callo mediano lineari apice sub ore truncato munitum, flavum, ad latera

rubrovel purpureo-lineatum, extra praeter basin multo pallidius; lobi

laterales breves, perlati, rotundati, violaceo-maculati, intermedius ovato-

rotundatus, e basi contracta brevissime acutus, crispulus, porrectus, apice

recurvus, 6 mm. longus, ochreo-flavus, papillosus. Columna subgracilis,

circiter 14 mm. longa, 2:4 mm. lata, ambitu linearis, levissime curvata,

rubra vel antice atro-rubra. Anthera subglobosa, rubra vel atro-

rubra. Pollinia per paria inaequalia, ambitu ovato-rotunda, aurea.

Cogniaux in Mart., Fl. Bras. III. vi. 46 (1904). MM. Galeottiana, Regel, Ind.

Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1856, 19, et in Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 4. vi. 575 (1856),

et in Gartenfl. VI. 87, 1857, et LX. 309, t. 301 (1860) et in Trans. Russ. Hort.

Soc. 1860, t. 27, non A. Rich. & Gall. M. Regeliana, Cogn. 1. c. 47.

An epiphyte with a many-rooted slender rootstock

which is covered with dry leaf-scales and produces, at

intervals of 2°5 to 4 cm., oblong pseudobulbs each of which

bears at the top a pair of more or less leathery acute

grass-like leaves, measuring about 25 cm. by 0°5 cm.

The flowers are borne singly on slender scapes which

spring from the base of the pseudobulbs and are much

shorter than the leaves. They measure 4 to 4°5 cm.

across the widely spreading lateral sepals and are yellow

with small violet blotches on the very short lateral lobes

of the lip and fine red lines on the inside of the concave

portion of the lip whose more ochre-coloured middle lobe

stands out at a right-angle with the tip recurved.

DISTRIBUTION.—Brazil ; Minas Geraés, in forests.

We are indebted for this plant to Sir Frederick Moore,

late Keeper of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin,

Dublin, where it has been in cultivation under the name

of M. Galeottiana for many years, having been purchased

from Messrs. Sanders in 1891, but its earlier history 1s

obscure. There is no doubt that it is the M. Galeotirana

of Regel, described in the Seed Catalogue of the Botanic

Garden of Petersburg for 1856 and said to have been

received from Galeotti from Brazil. Cogniaux included

it subsequently in his elaboration of the Orchidaceae in

Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, and changed its name into

M. Regeliana as the name M. Galeottiana had already

been given to-a different Mexican plant by A. Richard and

Galeotti in 1845. He knew the plant only from Regel’s

description and contented himself with placing it next

to M. chrysantha, a species proposed by Barbosa Rodriguez

in 1877. Regel’s original statement, that his M.

Galeottiana had been received from Brazil, contained an

evident mistake, as Galeotti was not in Brazil, but in

Mexico and the question was, whether the error was in

the name of the contributor or of the country of origin.

Regel himself became evidently aware of the mistake,

for in the issue of the Gartenflora of 1857 he indicated

Mexico as the home of the species, without, however,

referring to his earlier statement. But as there is no

evidence of our plant having been found in Mexico, nor

of any other species nearly related to it, whilst its identity

with the Brasilian M. chrysantha is as certain as com-

parison with Barbosa Rodriguez’s description and original

drawing, of which there is a copy at Kew, can make it,

we must assume that the original error was in ascribing

it to Galeotti as the contributor.

The affinity of M. chrysantha lies with a number of

species ranging from Brazil to the Andes of Colombia.

It grows on trees and occasionally also on rocks in the

southern part of Minas Geraés, on the Rio Sapucahy, the

Rio Claro and in the Serra de Caldas. Barbosa Rodriguez

records two varieties, var. curtifolia and var. macro-

bulbosa, whose characters are well expressed in the names,

but apparently of little diagnostic importance. At

Glasnevin M. chrysantha is grown in the intermediate

house, where, Mr. Besant writes, it thrives satisfactorily

in the usual compost, without requiring any special

treatment. There is also a specimen of it at Kew which

was received from Glasnevin in 1903. It is rather more

robust than the one figured here and has leaves up to

40 cm. by 9 cm. WM. chrysantha flowers freely and the

sweet-scented flowers last long. O.S.

Fig. 1, a whole plant, } nat. size; 2, a pseudobulb with leaves, nat. size ;

3, a flowering scape, nat. size; 4, lip and column, xX 2; 5, lip, flattened out, x 2;

6, hairs from the base of the lip, x 130; 7, column in front view, <2; 8, pollinia,

x 6.

HE LIBRARY

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London

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Tas. 8980.

VIBURNUM DAVIDII.

West China.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Tribe VIBURNEAE.

Visurnum, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. Il. 3; Fritsch in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pilanzenf. IV. 4. 163.

Viburnum (Sect. Tinus) Davidii, Franch. in Nowv. Archiv. Mus. Paris, sér. II.

VIII, 251 (1886) et Pl. David. II. 69 (1888); proximum V. cinnamomifolio,

Rehd., sed foliis magis coriaceis, inflorescentia compacta ad tertium gradum

divisa, staminibus corollae lobis brevioribus, fructibus maioribus distinctum.

Frutex humilis (semper ?), ramulis crassiusculis glabris viridibus vel primo’ rubes-

centibus deinde lenticellato-verrucosis, cortice fusco-brunneo. Gemmae

lanceolatae vel oblongo-lanceolatae, ad 7 mm. longae, perulis 2 oppositis sese

applicatis glabris constitutae ; perulae petiolos elaminatos dilatatos referunt,

raro laminas hebetatas gerunt. Folia persistentia petiolata; lamina firme

coriacea, oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica vel obovata, basi rotundata, rarius

subacuta, apice acute acuminata, margine leviter undulata, integra vel remote

denticulata, rarius argute repando-dentata, 6—13 cm. longa, 4—8 cm. lata,

supra atro-viridis et lucida, subtus pallida, glaberrima vel interdum in

nervorum axillis infimis albo-barbata, eximie 3-plinervia, utrinque laxe

reticulato-venosa, venis facie impressis; petioli crassiusculi, glabri, pur-

purascentes, foliorum inferiorum ad 3 ecm. longi, superiorum breviores.

Inflorescentiae terminales, corymbosae, compactae, pedunculo crassiusculo

1—3-5 cm. longo apice saltem primo albo-piloso mox glabrato suffultae ;

radii primarii 1—3 cm., secundarii sub fructu 6—10 mm., pedicelli 2—4 mm.

longi; omnes primo magis minusve pilosuli, mox glabrescentes vel ab initio

glabri, saepe rubescentes; bracteae primariae gemmam communem obtegentes

ovato-oblongae, obtusae, dorso plus minusve albo-villosae, secundariae

tertiariaeque lineares, 5—1 mm. longae, albo-ciliatae, omnes deciduae.

Receptaculum cylindrico-turbinatum, uno latere leviter 2-suleatum, 1:5 mm.

altum, glabrum. Sepala triangulari-ovata vel oblonga, acuta vel obtusius-

cula, 0'5—1 mm. longa, membranacea, glabra. Corolla alba, glabra, ad 5mm.

diametro, tubo lato 1 mm. alto, lobis rotundatislatis2mm.longis. Staminum

filamenta crassiuscula, 2 mm. longa; antherae atro-rubrae, 0°75—1 mm.

longae. Discus in stylum crassum 0°75 mm. altum abiens. St-gma sub-

3-lobum. Ovarii loculi 3, valde inaequales, 2 minimi steriles in corpus

cassum ellipsoideum coaliti, tertius demum alte descendens, intra glaber,

ovulo solitario ex angulo interiore apicali pendulo corpori casso incumbente.

Fructus ellipsoideus vel ovoideus, 5—6 mm. longus, ad 4 mm. latus, haud

compressus, pericarpio coeruleo tenui, mesocarpio vix carnosulo, endocarpio

tenuiter crustaceo intus laevissimo niveo; corpus cassum induratum,

candidum, globoso-ellipsoideum, in fructus cavitatem ex apice protrusum,

175mm. longum. Semen unicum, globoso-ellipsoideum, 4—4:'5mm. longum,

apice ad corpus cassum recipiendum excavatum, ruminatum, brunneum,

testa tenuissima. Embryo apicalis, ad 1 mm. longus. Wilson in Sargent,

Pl. Wilson, I. 111 (1911); IIT. 429 (1917); C. Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk.

II. 652 (1911); Gard. Chron. XLIX. 317 (1911); Rehder in Sargent, Trees

and Shrubs, IT. 113 (1913); Rev. Hort. 1913, 196.

A low shrub of the V. Tinus group with somewhat stout

glabrous branches and persistent dark green leathery

corymb, nat. size: 9, tangential longitudinal section thr

10, transverse section through a fruit, x6; 11, a seed :

12, median longitudinal section of the same, <6; 13, embryo, :

pus cassum ”’ from a ripe fruit, containing the sterile cells, X:

section through the same, X 30. a a

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Tas. 8981.

CANDIDEA STENOSTEGIA.

Tropical Africa.

Compositak. Tribe VERNONIEAE.

CANDIDRA, Ten. in Attt Acc. Napol. IV. 104, tt. 1, 2 (1839). Stenarrra, Schulz

Bip. in Flora, XXIV. 1. Intell. 26 (1841; nomen). WERNONTA, subg. STENGELIA,

Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5698 (1868); V. sect. SrENGELIA, Benth. & Hook. f. II.

228 (1873); O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 1V. 5. 12 (1889) pro

mar. parte,

Candidea stenostegia, Siapf (sp. nov.); C. Grantii, Stapf (nov. comb. e

Vernonia Grantii, Oliv.) proxima, sed phyllis angustioribus, fere omnino herbaceis,

acheniis brevioribus differt ; etiam C. senegalensi, Ten., arcte affinis, sed praeter

phyllorum indolem capitulis minoribus manifeste distincta.

Herba perennis, ramosa, ad 45 cm. alta, caule dense breviterque incano-flaves-

cente tomentoso. Folia magnitudine valde varia, maiora longe petiolata ;

lamina oblonga, acuta, basi cuneatim contracta et interdum longe in petiolum

decurrens, margine argute dentata dentibus glandula brevi terminatis,

maiorum foliorum 8—13 cm. longa, 4—-5 em. lata, supra viridis, pilis

plerisque simplicibus et glandulis paucis nitentibus conspersa, infra molliter

incano-pilosa et copiose glandulosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7—10

tenuibus ; petiolus foliorum maiorum 3—4 cm. longus, gracilis, pubescens,

superne lamina decurrente alatus. Anthodia 2—4 ad ramorum apices,

pedunculata vel unum alterumve subsessile, circiter 3 cm. diametro, pedunculo

incano-tomentoso ad 3°5 cm. longo suffulta; phylla 30—40, subaequilonga,

linearia vel lanceolato-linearia, 1:5 cm. longa, 1:5—2, rarius 3, mm. lata,

exteriora fere tota herbacea nisi maturitate inferne indurata et tunc quasi

appendiculata, saepe caudata, extra molliter appresse incano-tomentosa,

intra in parte indurascente glabra, viridia; phylla interiora similia, nisi

angustiora et intus pro maxima parte viridia glabraque, paulo indurata.

Receptaculum planum, disciforme, 1°75 em. diametro, glabrum, epaleatum,

achaeniorum cicatricibus punctiformibus notatum. Achaenia anguste

obconica, matura 4mm. longa, superne 1 mm. vix crassiora, 16—18-costulata,

fulvo-hirtella. Pappus multisetosus; setae extimae breves, 1 mm. longae,

caeterae 8—9 mm. longae, sordide barbellatae. Corolla primo purpureo-rosea,

aperta alba et purpureo suffusa; tubus inferne ad 8—9 mm. angustissime

cylindricus, fere filiformis, tunc inflatus, ellipsoideo-oblongus, parte inflato

4—5 mm. longus dentibus 1‘5 mm. longis inclusis. Antherae 4 mm. longae,

basi breviter 2-lobae. Stigmata lilacina, 4 mm. longa.

C. stenostegia is a perennial herb with greyish short-

felted branched stems and leaves whose oblong sharply

toothed blades are continued from their short wedge-

shaped bases into narrow wings running down the

stalks; the blades are green on the face and whitish

on the back with numerous glistening glands among the

soit down, and the larger of them measure 8 to 13 cm.

by 4 to 5 cm. The somewhat flat flower-heads stand in

clusters of 2 to 4 at the ends of the branches ; they are

about 3 cm. in diameter and carry from 50 to 70 flowers

on a flat bottom surrounded by an involucre of 30 to

40 linear externally greyish- downy or felted bracts of

almost equal length (15 mm.). The lower part of the

outer bracts becomes ultimately hardened whilst the

‘remainder retains its herbaceous character, forming a

tail-like appendage. The corollas are finely filiform

in their lower half and much inflated in the upper half,

the inflated portion being rose-purple in the bud, paling

as the flowers open to a pure white slightly flushed with

rose ; the pink style and the filiform stigmas exceed the

short corolla-teeth by 5-6 mm. The mature achenes

are 4 mm. by 1 mm. (at the upper end), round in cross-

section, finely ribbed, blackish and rough from minute

hairs; their pappus consists of very numerous dirty-

white shortly feathery bristles, the outer of which are

1 mm. and the remainder mostly 8 to 9 mm. long.

DistrrpuTION.—Northern Nigeria, Nassarawa Pro-

vince.

As may be seen from the synonymy quoted under

Candidea the plant represented in the accompanying

plate is, in the sense of the leading encyclopedias, a

species of Vernonia. Four species of that genus have

so far been figured in the pages of this work (see tt. 2477,

3062, 5698 and 7255), the first two being Brasilian, the

others African plants. A glance at the plates cited will

to some degree demonstrate the great diversity of types

that have become associated in the concept of the genus.

A scrutiny of any large series of species in a herbarium

or of the synoptical accounts of Vernonia given in

the literature will deepen that impression. Its hetero-

geneous character is also reflected by the numerous

sections (16 in “ Genera Plantarum ’’) which have been

proposed for the reception of the varying types included

and by the great number of generic synonyms enumerated

under Vernonia (over 40 in “ Natiirliche Pflanzen-

familien”’). The student will further be struck by the

fact that the subtribe Hu-Vernonieae to which Vernonia

belongs is assumed to consist of six genera comprising

nearly five hundred species and that out of them Vernonia

alone is credited with about four hundred and _ fifty

species, four genera with one to three species each

and one (Piptocarpha) with thirty. Moreover he will

find on a critical analysis of the differential diagnoses

and of the types which they cover that Vernonia is

allowed an astonishing range of variety in structural

detail as well as in general habit whilst the smaller

genera are maintained principally on narrow characters

of the same categories. It will be admitted that the

classification of a large subtribe (the Hu-Vernonieae

amount nearly to seven hundred species to-day) on a basis

so unequal is not rational and cannot further the re-

cognition of the component groups which suggest them-

selves to the unbiassed eye as phyla of “ generic ” rank.

Vernonia is indeed at present a vague abstraction

covering a chaotic multitude of forms. No doubt the

need of a remedy for this condition has often been felt.

J. D. Hooker himself has admitted that he “found it

impossible to classify the Indian vernonias under the

commonly recognised sections of the genus as defined in

the ‘Genera Plantarum.’”’ Geason has more recently

worked through the North American species with some

success, but no attempt has yet been made for the old-

world species to build up a system more in consonance

with the actual diversities of types and their distribution.

For some time yet it may be unavoidable to add indis-

criminately to the number of “ vernonias,” but when-

ever we have to deal with outstanding groups which in

the bulk present themselves as distinct and “‘ natural,”

we shall do better by breaking away from the traditional

technical formulas, particularly when the ground has

already been prepared for it, as in the present case.

Candidea senegalensis, the basis of the genus, was

described and figured by Tenore in 1834 from plants

raised at Naples from seeds collected on the Senegal by

Giuglio Candida, a young Italian naturalist. Tenore

expected from it a valuable addition to gardening, but

the plant was lost and, although of wide range in northern

Tropical Africa, it has never been reintroduced. It

differs from our plant in having larger flower-heads with

broad herbaceous and wavy involucral appendages.

Candidea Grantii, a native of eastern Tropical Africa

(mainly Uganda) approaches in respect to the latter our .

plant more closely, the appendages being much narrower;

still they are quite distinct and often thin and long.

C’. stenostegia exhibits within the genus the minimum of

differentiation in the structure of the bracts. This is

carried to an extreme in the magnificent species des-

cribed by Hooker as Vernonia insignis and V. Calvoana

in which the appendages are petaloid and surround the

delicately white and purple florets like a many-lobed

snow-white corolla. In other species as V. hymenolepis

and V. leptolepis the appendages are thinly membranous,

erect and often very large, representing the bracts almost

in their entirety. All these species are very similar

in general appearance, and inhabit a continuous and

naturally defined area, from the Senegal to Abyssinia

and through East Africa southwards to Natal.

C’. stenostegia was discovered: by Capt. D. W. Robins,

an engineering officer in the employ of the N.E. Railway

Survey of Nigeria during his surveying expedition in the

Narawassa Province, to the north of the lower Benue.

A very similar plant, very probably representing the

species in its spontaneous condition and distinguished by —

still narrower and velvety whitish involucral bracts was

collected by Dr. Arthur W. Hill at Jos and by Mr. J.

Dent Young at Vom, both in the Bauchi Plateau,

Northern Nigeria, where it flowered in March and

December respectively. The specimen depicted in this

plate was raised in the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh

from seed supplied by Capt. Robins. It has flowered

there for several years during the winter and seeded —

freely. It has to be treated as a stove-plant, but is

otherwise easy to grow. O.S.

Fig. 1, upper part of a flowering plant, nat. size; 2, portion of a leaf, face

view, X12; 3, the same, back view, x12; 4, section through a flower-head,

nat. size; 5, outer involucral bract, back view, <3; 6, inner involucral bract,

face view, <3; 7, achene with pappus, <x 2°5; 8, achene, x 6.

THE LIGRARY

OF THE

MMAVERSITY OF f

SIE2

H.F.&G.Witherby. London

Snelling. del et Lith.

TaB. 8982.

CARALLUMA PSEUDO-N.E.BROWNII.

South-west Africa.

ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe TYLOPHOREAE.

CaRALLUMA, R. Br.; Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Plant.; K. Schum. in Engl. &

; Prantl, Nat. Pflanzcnf. IV. 2. 277.

Caralluma pseudo-N.E. Brownii,* Dinter, Neue wu. wenig bekannte Pfl. Deutsch-

Siidwest Afrikas, 17, fig. 48, 49 (1914); proxima C. N.E.Brownti, Dint. et Berg.

(vide Bot. Mag. t. 8267), sed humilior et corolla ferruginea luteo-variegata

segmentis angustioribus distincta.

Fruticulus succulentus, caespitosus, stolonifer. Caules erecti vel ascendentes,

quadranguli, 6—16 cm. longi, 2—3 cm. crassi, glauco- vel inecano-virides,

faciebus concavis vel tandem fere planis sectione transversa quadrata,

angulis repando-dentatis dentibus (foliorum petiolis mutatis) pungentibus.

1—2 em. distantibus. Folia normalia nulla. IJnflorescentiae umbellato-

cymosae, 5—15-florae, sessiles, axillares versus caulium bases; bracteae

parvae, lanceolatae, initio purpurascentes; pedicelli 2.5—4 cm. longi,

4—5 mm. crassi, glabri. Sepala lanceolata, acuta, viridia, 8—9 mm.

longa. Corolla tubo cupulari brevi 7—9 mm. alto, limbo stellatim patente,

praeter margines glaberrima, extra virescens ; segmenta lanceolata, acuta

marginibus recurvis, 3—4°5 cm. longa, 1-5—1°7 em. lata, ferrugineo-purpurea,

transverse rugulosa et inter rugulas varie conflueites luteo-maculata, ad

margines pilos pendulos clavigeros atro-purpureos ad 6 mm. longos gerentia-.

Corona exterior patellari-cupularis, purpureo-nigra, 9—10 mm. diametro,

segmentis late trapezoideis ad medium connatis 3 mm. longis, margine

exteriore inaequaliter minute late dentato ; interior eodem colore, cornuta,

cornibus a latere compressis recurvis vix 4 mm. longis basi dente dorsali

auctis. Antherae connectivi appendice late triangulari. Pollinia sub-

hemisphaerica, 0°5. mm. lata, aurea; translatores breves. vix 0°2 mm.

longi; retinacula oblonga, 0°18 mm. longa. Dinter in Fedde, Repert.,

Beihefte IIT. 29, 108 (1921).

C. pseudo-N.E.Browni forms low clusters, often of

considerable dimensions, of greyish- or bluish-green

glabrous 4-angled stems, with sharply pointed distant

teeth along the angles and concave or, in old specimens,

flat faces between them. The flowers are produced in

large 5-15-flowered convex umbel-like inflorescences from

near the base of the stems with the lanceolate segments

of the corollas often interlocked. The limb of the

corolla is 7-11 cm. wide and dark rust-coloured, with

fine short transverse wrinkles and yellow lines and dots

* T have attempted to assure the correct pronunciation of the compound

usually spelled ‘‘ Nebrownti,”’ namely, N.E.Brownt,” by treating the first two

letters as initials, the species being dedicated to Mr. N. E. Brown, and not to a

man of the name Nebrown. It would be altogether better to avoid combina-

tions of that kind.

: a

between them in the lower half of the segments which

bear along the margins long purple club-tipped pendulous

and very mobile hairs. The mouth of the short cup-

shaped tube is practically closed by the outer corona

whose flat broad truncate segments are so arranged as

to form a shallow cup or saucer up to | cm. across, while

the «nner corona consists of five dorsal staminal crestem

each with a small tooth at the base and a recurved horn

at the other end.

DISTRIBUTION.—Great Namaqualand, common in the ~

central and southern parts, as at Aus, Keetmanshoop

and Warmbad.

This elegant plant very much resembles C. N. K. Brown,

which (see Bot. Mag. t. 8267) differs mainly in the

uniformly blackish-brown flowers, their rather broader

corolla-segments and the generally more robust growth.

According to Dinter the two species exclude each other

in their distribution, C. N.E.Brownii being a native oi

Herero and Ovamboland (19° to 22° 8.), whilst our plant

inhabits the southern parts of the territory of South-west

Africa from the latitude of Liideritzbucht to near the

Orange river.. Herr Kurt Dinter discovered it in 1910

in the Mesembrianthemum-steppe of Aus where it grew —

copiously along with other succulents in the shelter of

Mesembrianthemum spinescens, the dominant element of

the vegetation. According to him it is common on the

plateau of Kanus between the Great Karasberg and

Warmbad. The specimen from which the plate was

drawn was kindly communicated by Mr. Elwes, with

whom it flowered in July of last year. He presented

it subsequently to Kew where it is grown with other

South African succulents. It shows at present (June)

the first signs of flowering in the shape of clusters oi

small purplish bracts in the axils of the lower teeth

of some of the stems. C. N.E.Brownu and C. pseudo-

N.E.Browniw belong to a small group of South African

species of uniform habit and characterized by the peculiar —

formation of the corona described above. O.

Fig. 1, a whole plant, nat. size; 2, pedicel with calyx, nat. size; 3, corona,

x4; 4, longitudinal section of the sexual apparatus, x5; 5, pollinia, xX 20.

THE LIBRARY

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TAB. 8983.

RHODODENDRON THAYERIANUM.

China.

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE.

RuopopENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 599; Drude in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron Thayerjanum, Rehder & Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. I. 528

(1913); cum R. longipedi, Rehder & Wilson, comparandum, perulis diu persis-

tentibus, foliis angustis, floribus minoribus, pistillo omnino glanduloso distinctum.

Frutex 3—4 m. altus, novellis omnibus magis minusve araneoso-villosis viscosisque;

rami primo cinereo-virescentes et floccoso-variegati, deinde atro-virides,

tandem fusci et glabrati, ad incrementorum annuorum summitates dense

foliati, caeterum perulis gemmae intimis dissitis diu persistentibus muniti

vel nudi. Gemmae elongato-ovoideae, ad 2 em. longae ; perulae exteriores

coriaceae, oblongae, mucronato-apiculatae vel obtusae, 1—2 cm. longae,

exsiccando fuscae vel alutaceae, saepe per plures annos_ persistentes ;

intimae in ramo accreto dissitae, oblanceolatae, basi longe attenuatae,

_2—2°5 em. longae, papyraceae, alutaceo-aurantiacae, villosulae vel glabratae

et vernicosae. Folia 10—20 ad incrementorum summitates congesta,

oblique patentia, rigida ; Jaminae angustae, oblanceolatae, acutae, basi longe

attenuatae, facie ad costam anguste sulcatae, ad margines late recurvae,

maiores ad 15 cm. longae, ad 2°5 vel 3 cm. latae, coriaceae, novellae

utrinque araneoso-villosae, facie mox glabratae et tunc atro-virides, dorso

tandem ob villum collapsum et in stratum tenuissimum conglutinatum

pallide aheneae vel subargenteae, indumento e pilis fasciculatis tenuissimis

intertextis et glandulis stipitatis clavatis multicellularibus intermixtis

constituto, costa dorso valde prominente, nervis utrinque 10—12 tenuibus.

Inflorescentiae gemma oblonga, 2°5—3 cm. longa; perulae exteriores late

ovatae, mucronato-apiculatae, 1:°2—1°5 cm. longae, 8 mm. latae, caeterum

perulis gemmarum foliorum similes, intimae tandem in pedunculo brevi

dissitae, oblongae, dorso sericeae, ad 2°5 em. longae. Flores 10—12inrhachi

gracili ad 10 cm. longa siti; bracteae pedicellos subpetentes lineares, dense

pilosae, ad 8 mm. longae; pedicelli graciles, villosuli viscosique, 3—5 cm.

longi. Calyx cupularis, 3—5 mm. longus, glanduloso-viscosus, lobis valde

inaequalibus rotundatis virilibus nisi ad margines purpurascentibus.

Corolla late infundibuliformis, 5-lobata, 2°5—3 cm. longa et ore 3—3'5 cm.

diametro, extra amoene rosea, intra pallida vel tandem fere alba, in fundo

postico rubro-punctata, glabra; lobi rotundati, 1:2 cm. longi, anteriores

2 paulo angustiores. Stamina 8—10; filamenta basin versus dilatata et

minute pilosa, 15—18 mm. longa; antherae vix 2 mm. longae. Discus

crasse annularis, lobulatus. Ovarium oblongum, viride, uti stylus corollam

paulo excedens, multi-glandulosum ; stigma applanato-discoideum. Capsula

cylindrica vel subclavata, 2—3 cm. longa, ad 6mm. diametro, 6—-8-locularis,

glandulosa, valvis angustis recurvis. Semina ellipsoid20-oblonga, utrinque

alato-cristata, 3—4 mm. longa, pallide brunnea.

This shrub grows in its home to a height of 3 to 4 m. ;

it has somewhat stout branches bearing 10 to 20 crowded

leaves at the upper end of each year’s growth and a cluster

of old outer bud-scales at the base, the inner long and

narrow orange-tawny bud-scales dropping tardily during

the first year. The leaves are at first densely covered

with a whitish cobwebby felt on both sides which as

they unfold disappears gradually on the upper side but

persists on the back, collapsing and becoming matted

into a fine pale bronzy film; like all young parts they

are at first more or less sticky ; when full-grown they are

inversely lanceolate, pointed, long-tapering to the base,

grooved along the midrib with arching sides and recurved

margins, the longer measuring up to 15 cm. by 2°5 cm,

The flowers form loose bunches of up to 12 at the ends

of the branches; the slender common stalk is about

10 cm. long and carries the slowly shed bud-scales at the

base of the bunch ; the special stalks are 3 to 5 cm. long ;

the stalks, scales and calyces are more or less sticky.

The calyx is very unequally 5-cleft with rounded lobes,

the longest up to over 2 mm. long. ‘The corolla is

widely funnel-shaped, 2°5 cm. by 3 to 3°5 cm. (at

the mouth), quite glabrous, rose-red on the outside,

pale or at length almost white inside with numerous

red dots on the back of the throat ; the lobes are almost

equal, rounded and about 1:2 cm. long. There are

8 to 10 stamens with the filaments finely hairy below ~

the middle. The green pistil is glandular all over, the

style emerging shortly from the corolla. The capsules

are more or less cylindric and measure 2 to 3 cm. by

6mm.; they open by 6 to 8 narrow recurving valves.

The seeds are 3 to 4 mm. long with a rounded crest at

each end.

DisTRIBUTION. Western Szechuan, neighbourhood of

Mupin.

This charming rhododendron was contributed by

Mr. J. C. Williams of Caerhays Castle, Goran, Cornwall,

where it flowered in the early part of July of last year. —

It appears to be quite hardy in this country, and according

to Mr. Williams seems to bear exposure to wind better

than most species with good-sized leaves. It has also

seeded freely with him. Its native habitat is in the

woodlands around Mupin at about 3,000 m. ‘There

Mr. EK. H. Wilson discovered it in 1910.

R. Thayerianum belongs to a group of Szechuan

species of which two have been figured in earlier issues

of the Botanical Magazine, namely R. argyrophyllum

(t. 8767), one of the commonest species of the genus in

Szechuan, and Rk. hypoglaucum (t. 8649). Both species

have been in cultivation in this country for some time.

Apart from the colour and size of the flowers and other

floral characters our plant differs from them very

markedly in its narrow stiffly spreading leaves and the

clusters of bud-scales which persist at the base of the

year’s growth for several years. This is altogether an

outstanding character which renders our species easily

recognisable. &. longipes is another species of this

group. Rehder and Wilson have contrasted it especially

with hk. Thayerianum, but R. longipes too has broader

leaves, deciduous perules and an eglandular ovary. The

name “ 7’hayerianum was chosen by the authors to com-

memorate the generous interest which the Thayer family

of Lancaster, Massachusetts, have taken in horticulture

and the botanical exploration of China. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, bract at the base of a pedicel, x8;

3, astamen, X5; 4, a flower with the corolla removed, x3; 5, a capsule, nat.

size; 6, a seed, X 6.

OMNERSITY OF insu

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TURRAEA FLORIBUNDA.

Africa.

MELIACEAE. Tribe MELIEAE,

TuRRAEA, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 331; C. DC. in DC., Mon.

Phan. I. 485; Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf., III. 4. 282.

Turraea floribunda, Hochst. in Flora, X XVII. 297 (1844); species bene dis-

tincta cum 7’. Kaessneri, EK. G. Baker, comparanda, sed floribus triplo minoribus.

Frutex vel arbuscula, ramis novellis flavido—pubescentibus tandem glabratis et

cortice laevi atrofusco tectis. Folia decidua, petiolata; lamina ovata vel

elliptico-ovata, acute acuminata, basi rotundata vel breviter cuneata,

5—8 cm. longa, 2—4°5 cm. lata, membranacea, in gemma facie subvelutina,

dorso tomentosa, evoluta hirsuta pilis ibi admodum dissitis hic ad costam

nervosque restrictis, nervis utrinque circiter 7 tenuibus ; petiolus 6—10mm.

longus, dense pubescens. J'lores suaveolentes, plerumque 2 vel 3 in

brachycladis efoliatis multibracteatis 5—10 mm. longis ; bracteae squami-

formes, ovatae vel lanceolatae, ad 2 mm. longae, sericeo-tomentosae, in-

feriores et summae steriles; pedicelli superne incrassati, 8-10 mm. longi,

dense pubescentes. Calyx cupularis, 3—4 mm. longus, 5-dentatus dentibus

triangularibus, sericeo-tomentosus. Corolla in alabastro perfecto 3—3°5 cm.

longa; petala linearia, superne spatulato-dilatata et 3 mm. lata, pallide

flavo-viridia, in dorso ad apicem sericeo-pubescentia, et secus nervum

medium magis minusve hirsuta. Staminum 10 tubus gracilis, niveus,

25 cm. longus, apice 20-lobatus lobis linearibus 3 mm. longis reflexis ;

filamenta paulo sub loborum ortum inserta, brevissima ; antherae oblongae,

cuspidatae, vix 1 mm. longae. Discus cupularis, luteolus. Ovarzum

10—-loculare, glabrum, loculis 2—-ovulatis; ovula superposita ; stylus 3°5—4cm.

longus; stigma depresso-capitatum, umbonatum. Fructus capsularis,

ligneus, depresso-globosus, leviter 10-lobatus, 2—2°5 em. diametro, sicco

fuscus, valvis 4—-7 fere 2 mm. crassis apertus. Semina reniformia, nigra,

6 mm. longa, e hilo quasi arillata. C. DC. in DC., Mon. Phan. I. 43 (1878) ;

Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 4. 285. TT. heterophylla,

Sonder in Harvey & Sonder, FI. Cap. I. 245 (1860); M..Wood, Natal Plants,

ITT. t. 246 (1900), non DC.

A deciduous shrub or small tree with downy twigs

which grow into glabrous smooth-barked branches.

The leaf-blades are membranous or at length papery,

more or less ovate from a rounded base and produced

into a generally acute point, 5 to 8 cm. by 2 to 4°5 cm.,

and hairy on both sides (finely and loosely on the face

and more coarsely on the back, particularly on the

nerves); they are borne on slender downy stalks,

6 to 10 mm. long. The pale yellowish-green sweet-

scented flowers are produced (mostly 2 or 3) on short

scaly leafless spurs and are carried on densely downy

stalks 8 to 10 mm. long. The silky calyx is cup-shaped,

of the two great Floras of the African Continent. In

spite of the increase of the species that have thus become

known the genus has remained remarkably uniform as

far as floral structure is concerned. On the other hand

the diversity in the structure of the fruits which was

already evident among the species first described has

become more accentuated and may in the future lead

to a more natural grouping of the species ; for instance,

all the Indo-Malayan species of which the fruit is known

follow the “‘ Huonymus” type, i.e., thin-walled capsules

splitting to the base with finally revolute valves. :

T. floribunda has long been confused with 7’. heterophylla,

a species of Upper Guinea and first known from the Gold

Coast. The latter has very characteristic leaves,

often angularly lobed, and it is difficult to under-

stand how the error arose. The name 7J'urraea com-

memorates Antonio Turra, Professor in the university

of Vicenza and author of a paper on Farsetia (1768) and a

‘“* Prodromus”’ of a Flora of Italy, a mere list of names,

which he presented to the Academy of Siena in the same

year, but which was printed only in 1780. 0.8.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, part of a flower in longitudinal

section to show the staminal tube and the pistil, x2; 3, part of the staminal

tube with the lobes flattened out, X3; 4, an anther, X15; 5, base of the pistil

with disc, X8; 6, section through ovary, X12; 7, a fruit, nat. size (from a

dried specimen, Wood 768); 8, a seed, <5 (from the fruit shown in fig. 7):

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SEMPERVIVELLA ALBA.

India.

CRASSULACEAE.

Sempervivella, Stapf (gen. nov.); affinis Rosulariae. Stapf (generi novo cum

Umbilici sectione Rosularia, D.C., congruo), floribus 6—8-meris, corollae tubo

brevi, limbo anthesi summa patente; a Sempervivo, Linn., distat imprimis

corolla altius gamopetala, tubo acute 6—8-angulato.

Flores 6—8-meri. Sepalacarnosa. Corolla gamopetala, tubo brevi vel brevissimo

cupulari 6—8-angulari, segmentis patentibus. Stamina aliarum partium

numero duplo, filamentis corollae adnatis, episepalis ad tubi ostium, epi-

petalis altius. Squamae hypogynae tot quot corollae segmenta. Carpella

libera, centro angusto spatio distantia, multi-ovulata, matura erecta,

introrsum dehiscentia. Semina cylindrica.—Herbae Himalaicae perennes,

soboliferae, rosulantes, foliis carnos:s sessilibus, caulibus floriferis e rosula

lateraliter ortis ascendentibus vel prostratis, floribus cymosis albis.

Sempervivella alba, Stapf (comb. nov. e Sempervivo albo, Edgew.); a S.

sedoidi, Stapf (comb. nov. e Sempervivo sedoidi, Decne in Jacqem.) proxima

habitu magis robusto, foliis latioribus, corollae segmentis ovato-oblongis et

tubo duplo longiore distat.

Herba perennis, copiose sobolifera, rosulis 2-5—-3 em. diametro, omnibus partibus

glanduloso-pilosa; caules floriferi ascendentes vel prostrati, al 6 cm.

longi. Folia rosularum dense congesta, obovato-oblonga, obtusa vel

obtusissima, ad 1.5 cm. longa et 3—6 mm. lata, facie fere plana, dorso

leviter convexa, viridia vel superne saepe pulchre rubescentia; caulina

simillima nisi potius elliptico-oblonga, laxiuscula. Inflorescentiae plerumque

6—8-florae, contractae, rarius cymis longiuscule pedunculatis 2—1-floris

e foliorum inferiorum axillis ortis auctae; bracteae folia diminuta refe-

rentes ; pedicelli tandem 5—8 mm. longi. Flores 6—8-meri, 12—14 mm.

diametro. Calyx depresso-hemisphaericus, 6 mm. diametro; sepala

lineari-oblonga, magis minusve obtusa, crassa, ad 5 mm. longa, ad 2 mm.

lata. Corolla alba, in alabastro apice rubra; tubus late cupularis, 6—8-

angularis, 2°5—2:75 mm. longus; segmenta summa anthesi stellatim

patentia, anthesi peracta erecta, ovato-oblonga, subobtusa vel minute

apiculata, dorso carinata, facie basi sulcata, 5—5°5 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata,

extra et ad margines glanduloso-pilulosa. Stamina 12—16; filamenta

glabra, episepala quam epipetala breviora, haec ad 4mm. adnata; antherae

rubrae, 0°75 mm. longae. Glandulae hypogynae crassae, cuneatae, intror-

sum oblique truncatae, 1 mm. longae, aureae. Carpella a latere oblan-

ceolata, paulo curvata, subacuta, 4:5 mm. longa, centro paulo distantia,

glanduloso-pilosula; styli praeter basin glabri, 1:5—2 mm. longi, apice

leviter recurvi; stigmata minuta, truncato-capitata. Folliculd maturi

introrsum dehiscentes. Semina cylindrica, 1 mm. paulo longiora. Sem-

pervivum album, Edgeworth in Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. 50 (1846); Hook. f.

and Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IT. 93 (1858). S. sedoides, C. B. Clarke in

Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India II, 423 (1878), pro parte; Collett, Fl. Siml. 186 (1902)

non Decne in Jacquem.

S. alba is a low rosulate herb, covered all over with small

gland-tipped hairs. The rosettes are 2°5 to 3 cm. in

diameter and formed of fleshy flat blunt broad-oblong

leaves, which widen slightly towards the tips and measure

terised by the possession of 6—-8-merous flowers with

short cup-shaped corolla-tubes and spreading corolla-

limbs, and for this I propose the name Sempervivella,

I decided on that step only after having worked over

the whole of the crassulaceous genera of the northern

section of the Old World. The need of smaller and more

‘natural’? genera in Crassulacee as in other families

where the one-sided adherence to traditional technical

characters has led to the formation of perfectly unwieldy

groups has often been felt. Witness thereof the numer-

ous segregates which have from time to time been

proposed by botanists who were more concerned in the

empiric conception of diversities than in their logical

classification under rigid schemata. Such natural genera,

that is genera with a tolerably uniform facies as well

as floral structure and at the same time with a range

suggestive of a continuous common history of their

members, will be more concrete and therefore easier

to grasp and remember than highly abstract concepts

which, as our knowledge of forms progresses, are bound

to lose more and more of their connotations and in that

measure become more vague and meaningless. The

plea that such segregates are often imperfectly definable

because connected by intermediates need not deter us.

That is in the nature of things and detracts as little

from the reality of those empirically conceived genera

as the presence of connecting spurs and bases deprives

practically recognised mountain ranges, mountains oF

tablelands of their individuality.

S. alba was grown by Mr. Elwes in a pot and kept

over the winter in a cold frame. It is treated in the

same way at Kew, where it was transferred by its owner.

It is at present (middle of August) coming into flower.

It produces runners very freely and also seeds well, so

that its propagation is of the simplest. If it should

be found hardy, as is probably the case, it would recom-

mend itself very much by the contrast of its colours for

rock gardens with a sunny exposure. O.8.

Fig. 1, whole plant, nat. size; 2, flower in side view, X 2; 3, the same

seen from above; 4, diagram of a flower (in the description of the diagram the

designations “inn. st.’”’ and ‘‘ out. st.,’’ that is stamens of inner whorl and stamens

of outer whorl have inadvertedly been transposed); 5, part of corolla, seen from

within, X4; 6 and 7, hypogynous glands in face- and in side-view, x 10;

8, a carpel, x 6.

Raion He yp

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TAB. 8986.

PRIMULA CALCIPHILA.

China.

PRIMULACEAE. Tribe PRIMULEAE.

Primus, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant, It. 631; Pax in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 104.

Primula calciphila, Hutchinson in Kew Bull., 1923, 97-102, t. 1; a P. sinensi

quacum olim confusa indumento omnium partium breviore minusque conspicuo

et calice e basi truncata late conico distincta; a P. rupestr?, Balf. f. & Farrer,

simillima calycis lobis paulo brevioribus latioribus et corollae lobis plerumque

minus alte lobulatis vel emarginatis vel subintegris differre dicitur (vide infra).

Herba perennis, undique breviter glanduloso-pilosa. Calis hypogaeus, parce

ramosus, petiolis relictis induratis vel eorum basibus dilatatis crebris obtectus.

Folia numerosa, basi congesta; lamina ambitu late rotundata, pinnatim

5—7-lobata, 3—5 cm. longa, 3—4 cm. lata, lobis late oblongis vel rotundatis

grosse crenato-dentatis, nervis lateralibus facie leviter impressis dorso

prominentibus; petioli ad 10 cm. longi, basi dilatati, ad latera scariosi et

longe ciliati, superne subteretes, haud alte canaliculati. Inflorescentia

umbellata, 6—14-flora, ad 10 em. diametro, interdum verticillo inferiore

aucta, pedunculo ad 15 cm. longo suffulta; bracteae lineares vel lineari-

lanceolatae, 1 em. longae, virides; pedicelli admodum inaequales, ad 4 cm.

longi. Calyx e basi truncata concava late conicus, 1—1°5 cm. longus

latusque ; lobi tubo breviores, triangulari- vel oblongo-lanceolati, 3—4 mm.

longi, basi 1:°75—2°5 mm. lati. Corolla 3°5 cm. diametro, pallide lilacina

vel roseo-lilacina, ostio viridi-flavo ; tubus cylindricus, in forma brevistyla

13—15 mm. longus et per 9—10 mm. a basi angustus, in forma longistyla

paulo brevior et parte angusta 4—5 mm. longa, deinde ampliatus; limbus

5- (rarius 4-) lobatus, lobis breviter 2-lobulatis vel emarginatis vel in forma

longistyla interdum integris obovatis 1:5 cm. longis 1 cm. latis, ostium

versus glanduloso-pilosulis. Stamina in forma brevistyla circiter 16 mm.,

in longistyla 6 mm. supra basin inserta; antherae 3 mm. longae, flavidae.

Stylus 4 vel 7 mm. longus. Capsula ovoideo-globosa, 6 mm. diametro,

ealyce paulo brevior, valvis late triangularibus aristulatis. Semina globosa,

15mm. diametro. Primula sinensis, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. XX XIII.

65 (1886); Hemsl. and Forbes in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 42 (1889);

Masters in Gard. Chron. V. 115 (1889) et VIIT. 564 (1890), et XI. 12, fig. 2

(1892); Hook. f. Bot. Mag., t. 7559 (1897); A. Henry in Gard. Chron.

XXXI. 269. fig. 84, 85 (1902); Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Primul. XXI

partly (1905); E. H. Wilson in Gard. Chron. XL. 191, fig. 78 (1906), non

Sabine ex Lindl.

This is a perennial herb with the habit of P.

sinensis, with a very short sparingly branched somewhat

woody stem which is covered by the indurated bases otf

the leaf-stalks and becomes more or less buried in the

ground, bearing a crown of long-stalked broadly ovate

or rounded and pinnately 5- to 7-lobed leaves which like

all the parts of the plant are softly downy with short

gland-tipped hairs and measure 3-5 cm. by 3-4 cm.

The flowers are arranged in 6—8- or sometimes up to.

14-flowered umbels and borne on slender stalks of very

unequal length (up to 4 cm.); they are either of the

thrum- or the pin-eyed form. The calyx is about 1-1:5

cm. high and broadly conical from a truncate base with

lanceolate lobes 3 to 4 mm. long. The corolla is about.

3°5 cm. across with inversely heart-shaped, or in the.

pin-eyed form, sometimes entire lobes; it is pale lilac,

often verging to pink, and glabrous on the inside with

the exception of some minute glands towards the mouth,

DisTRIBUTION.—Hupeh, on rocks in the gorges of the

Yangtse near Ichang.

_ In 1897 Sir J. D. Hooker published in the Botanical

Magazine (t. 7759) the figure of a primula which he con-

sidered to be the wild state of the Chinese primula of

gardens, a form so far unknown. The original of the

picture came from the garden of a Mr. Hyde at Ealing. -

Mr. Hyde had it from Dr. Masters who had found it in a>

batch of seedlings raised by Lady Hutt of Appleby.

Towers, Ryde, from seeds sent to her by Mr. Pratt from

Ichang. ‘The figure is in complete agreement with a pen-—

and-ink drawing of a plant of the same origin published »

a few years previously by Masters in the Gardeners’

Chronicle of 1892 (vol. xi.) except for the hairiness of the -

corolla-lobes which are shown glabrous in Masters’ figure. -

Neither figure differed sufficiently from P. sinensis to

arouse doubt at that time, and as Hance on the strength

of specimens collected by Watter near Ichang—these |

have meanwhile been shown to be P. obconica—and

Franchet from others collected by Delavay in the same—

locality had claimed the neighbourhood of Ichang as the

home of P. sinensis, the identification involved remained

all but undisputed. Even when in 1918 Sir I. Bayley

Balfour and R. Farrer described P. rupestris (Farrer, ©

Nov., 1914) which they recognised as very closely

connected with the Ichang plant they accepted the latter

as the wild state of P. senensis. Still doubt had arisen

as to the specific identity of the Ichang plant and the

P. sinensis of cultivation. This was inevitable after Wilson,

who was familiar with the former in its native habitat, —

had (1906) pointed out the great divergence between it

and the florist’s flower which in his opinion had changed

so much “that the only thing that had remained con-

stant is the perfume.” To-day it is clear that the

relations of the two plants are those of species nearly

allied but distinct in their morphological characters as

well as in their distribution, P. sinensis being a more

southern type. Mr. J. Hutchinson in a valuable paper

in the Kew Bulletin for the present year (pp. 79-102) has

emphasized this discrimination and carried it to its logical

conclusion, and accepting Balfour and Farrer’s treat-

ment of the Ichang plant as distinct from P. rupestris,

he has given it a name of its own, P. calciphila. To

me, the distinctiveness of P. calciphila as compared with

P. rupestris is very doubtful, but as the latter has been

lost in gardens and I have only dried cultivated speci-

mens and drawings to rely upon I feel some hesitation

in reducing P. calcuphila to P. rupestris; but so much

may be said that the characters adduced for the dis-

crimination of the two species, come entirely within the

range of fluctuation observable in the ample material of

P. calevphila which I have been able to examine. Nor

_would the occurrence of P. rupestris in the Ichang gorges

_be surprising. These gorges lie at the eastern end of

the Ta pa shan. Farrer collected the seed from which

_£P. rupestris was raised in the north-western continuation

of the same chain of mountains* under ecological condi-

tions similar to those prevailing at Ichang, and hesays

that he has no doubt that it pervades all the smaller

ranges of the Ta pa shan at an altitude of 1,800—2,100 m.t+

This higher altitude might indeed suggest, as Farrer

thought, a hardier race which could withstand the

‘relative severity of our climate, whilst the Ichang

‘plant is generally considered as too tender and with

\us is treated like P. sinensis as a greenhouse plant. But

‘if we consider the conditions under which P. calciphila

| lives 1 in its home, it should not be impossible to grow it

* In the Kia Ling Kiang valley, from the Shensi-Szechuan frontier to where

hehe river enters the Bed Basin, that is the red sandstone area, of Szechuan.

| + The altitudes given by Farrer are evidently much exaggerated. The

section of the Kia Ling Kiang valley concerned descends roughly from 600 to

) _ 300 m., with the bordering hills rising apparently on neither side to more than

1,200 m. The altitude of [chang is about 90 m. above the sea, with the cliffs of

‘the gorge towering to 600 m.

out of doors in sheltered and sufficiently dry positions

where itis free from the danger of damping off during

the winter. Henry describes the habitat of the primula

thus—‘‘ The habitat and mode of growth is remarkable,

different from what we find in the cultivated forms

(meaning P. sinensis). The wild plant grows on the

ledges of rocky cliffs of limestone, in spots where there is

no soil, and practically no moisture, exposed to the sun,

and living amidst the decaying remains of former genera-

tions of the plants. These ledges of primula are often

continuous for hundreds of feet, and in December and

January, when the flowers appear, present a scene of

great beauty.” To this may be added that at Ichang,

December to March are the driest months of the year,

with a monthly rainfall of 15 (Dec.) to 51 mm. (March),

and that whilst the January mean lies between 3° and

4° C., the annual minima of temperature are fluctuating

around — 5° C.

The plant from which the present plate was prepared

was one of a batch raised from seed communicated by

Miss Willmott after the original stock from Hance’s

introduction had been lost. Miss Willmott’s plants

which produced the seed were of Wilson’s collection ot

1906.

The renewed inclusion of this plant in the Botanical

Magazine (t. 7559 under P. sinensis and the present

plate) will be understood if the two plates are compared.

They suggest different strains if not different species,

but a photograph of a plant of the same stock as that of

the earlier plate, taken by Messrs. Sutton in 1898, tallies

exactly with Wilson’s plant and one can only conclude

that the differences exhibited by the figures are essentially

due to circumstances connected with the preparation

and the reproduction of the first plate. Unfortunately

neither the specimen from which this was drawn nor

another of the same stock was preserved. O.S.

Fig. 1, a whole plant (nat. size); 2, longitudinal section of a pin-eyed flower

with the corolla limb cut off, x 2; 3, same of athrum-eyed flower, x 2; 4, corolla-

limb (pin-eyed form), nat. size; 5, anthers, X 3.

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TECOPHILAEA CYANOCROCUS.

Chile.

AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe CONANTHEREFAE.

TECOPHILAEA,* Bert. ex Colla; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 680; Pax in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. I. 5. 122.

Tecophilaea cyanocrocus, Leyb. in Bonplandia, X. 370 (1862) et in Seemann's

Journ. Bot. I. 11 (1863); ab altera generis specie, 7’. violiflora, Bert., foliis 2-nis

vel 3-nis et flore multo maiore distinctissima.

Herba glaberrima, e cormo perennans. Cormus subterraneus, discoideus,

1—1°3 cm. diametro, 4 mm. altus, hornotinus annotino collapso insidens,

dense fibroso-tunicatus. Scapus gracilis, simplex vel ubi solo egreditur

divisus et tune 2— vel 3-florus, parte subterranea 5—8 cm. longa foliorum

vaginis arcte inclusa. Folia basalia plerumque 3, extimum ad vaginam

tenuiter membranaceam praeter apicem virescentem albidam reductum,

caetera perfecta ; lamina linearis vel lineari-lanceolata, acuta, canaliculato-

concava vel magis minusve explicata, ad margines saepe undulata, erecta

vel potius curvata, 7°5—12 cm. longa, ad 8 mm. lata, saturate viridis; folia

caulina vel bracteae tot quot pedicelli, eos (3—5 cm. longos) paulo superantia,

laminis angustis. Perigonium cyaneum, varie albo-variegatum; tubus

anguste infundibuliformis, 8 mm. longus, extra viridi tinctus ; limbus late

apertus, fere plane regularis, 6—fidus, 4—5 cm. diametro, segmentis oblanceo-

latis obtusis vel acutiusculis 2°5 cm. longis, exterioribus 8—12 mm. latis,

interioribus 2 lateralibus angustioribus et versus basin albo-ciliatis, Stamina

3 antica fertilia, filamentis 2 mm. longis, antheris valde curvatis introrsis

basi in calcar acutum productis, 3 postica ad staminodia linearia apiculata

4 mm. longa flavida parallela reducta. Ovariwm obtuse trigonum, ultra

medium receptaculo immersum, 3-loculare ; stylus 3 mm. longus; stigma

minute 3-lobum; ovula 2-seriata, circiter 6 in quoque loculo. Capsula

obovoidea, 12 mm. longa, supra medium cicatrice perigonii delapsi notata,

3-valvis, valvis dorso leviter sulcatis apiculatis. Semina oblongo-ellipsoidea,

2 mm. longa, testa sublaevi atro-brunnea. Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc.

XXIV. 505 (1864; sub nom. mut. 7. cyano-croceat); Haage & Schmidt,

Gartenkat. 1872 cum tab.; Gard. Chron. 1872, 219, fig. 91; E. Regel in

Gartenfl. XXI. 97, t. 718 (1872); Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVII. 496

(1879); Leichtlin in Garden, XX, t. 293 (1881) ; Poisson in Rev. Hort. LV.

226 (1883); Caruel in Bull. Soc. Tose. Orticult. IX. 104, t. 6 (1884) ;

Mottet in Jardin, II. 71 cum fig. (1888) et in Rev. Hort. LX XII. 70 cum tab.

(1900); G. Regel in Gartenfl. LX XXVIII. 358 cum fig. 61 (1889); Rev.

Hort. LXX. 472 (1898); Godefroy-Leboeuf in Journ. Soc. Hort. Nat.

France, 3me sér. XXI. 371 (1899) ; Magor in Gard. Chron. LXV. 15, fig. 5

(1919). 7. c. var Regelit, Baker, 1. c.; var. Leichilinii, Leichtlin 1. ¢.,

Poisson, l. c.; G. Regel, 1. ¢.

I’. cyanocrocus, as the name suggests, recalls super-

ficially a crocus by its fibre-coated corm and general

* So named by Bertero after Tecofila, the daughter of his friend Professor

Colla of Turin.

__1 This modification also occurs with other authors. It is unnecessary and

- misleading.

appearance. Of the three leaves which rise direct

from the corm, the outermost is reduced to a thin mem-

branous sheath which together with the sheaths of the

other leaves embraces the slender scape to where it

emerges from the ground, usually 5-7 cm. above the

corm. The blades of the perfect leaves are linear to

linear-lanceolate, measuring 7°5 to 12 cm. by up to 8 mm.,

usually widely channelled, often recurved and wavy

along the margins; one or two additional leaves, much

narrower than the others, spring from the scape about

the level of the mouths of the sheaths, each supporting

a flower borne on an erect or curved pedicel 3 to 5 cm.

long. The widely open perigone is deeply 6-cleft with a

slender tube 8 mm. long and with almost equal inversely

lanceolate segments 2°5 cm. long and 8 to 12 mm. wide;

it is beautifully sky- or gentian-blue with a more or less

white throat from which white veins or streaks run into

the segments, the amount of white varying very much;

two of the inner segments are slightly narrower and

ciliate towards the base. Of the stamens the anterior

3 are perfect with stalked almost crescent-shaped

anthers spurred at the base and opening with terminal

pores, whilst the posterior 3 are reduced to sessile

linear straight staminodes, 4 mm. long. The ovary is

inferior for two-thirds of its length and 3-celled and

bears a slender simple style. The inversely ovoid capsule

breaks up into 3 valves and holds a small number of

broadly oblong dark-brown seeds.

DISTRIBUTION. Chile, in the Cordillera of Santiago,

3,000 m. :

This very beautiful and interesting plant was discovered

in 1862 by the Bavarian naturalist Friedrich Leybold

in a spot known as Penquenes en la Dehesa at the head-

waters of the Mapocho in the Cordillera of Santiago.

A few years later the English zoologist Edwyn C. Reed

collected it in the same region at Las Condes, about

10 kil. to the north-east of Santiago. These are the

only records concerning its natural range which I have

been able to trace. The plant appears therefore

extremely limited in its distribution, much more so

than its more modest and only congener, 7’. violiflora,

which inhabits the coast hills from Valparaiso northward

to Coquimbo.

T’. cyanocrocus was introduced into cultivation by

Haage and Schmidt of Erfurt in 1872, but although

advertised much and justly admired it has always been

a somewhat rare plant on account of the difficulty of

growing it. Leybold tells us that it grows in damp

porphyritic soil at an altitude of almost 3,000 m. and

flowers in October and November. He thought it

would prove hardy in Germany, but general experience

has not borne out his expectations. Even in western

Kurope and especially in this country it is considered

as tender, and treated as a greenhouse plant. Yet

M. Godefroy-Lebceuf says that it stood the severe winter

of 1879-80 very well in the neighbourhood of Paris

and flowered freely in March after having been buried

under snow for weeks, and Mr. Magor reports having

seen it in flower in a kitchen garden at Enys in Cornwall.

In its home the climate of the Cordillera with a dry

summer and autumn and a snowy winter imposes on

our plant a long resting period which, as the snow melts,

is followed by the rapid resumption of vegetative activity.

Thus the solution of the gardener’s problem may be

rather in the postponement of sprouting, possibly enforced

by cold storage during the most critical time, than in

the careful protection from cold. This would not render

the plant exactly “ hardy,” but it might ensure a reliable

crop of flowers in the greenhouse or, if late planting-out

is resorted to, also in the open. M. Godefroy-Lebouf

also describes the formation of cormlets, often in great

number, from the old corms. I have seen no evidence

of it in herbarium specimens nor have I found any

confirmation of the statement in literature, but Sir John

Ross of Bladensburg informs me that he increased his

small stock of plants considerably in that way.

The systematic position of T'ecophilaea has been much

debated. Colla, its author, considered it as allied to the

Iridaceae, adding that it might be the type of a new

family. Poeppig and Endlicher, who described it

independently as Phyganthus, placed it in Haemadoreae,

then held to be a tribe of Liliaceae, but soon afterwards

Endlicher moved it to the end of Iridaceae as a doubtful

member of that family. Leybold, taking up Colla’s

suggestion, created for it a new family, T'ecophilaceae,

Miers who had studied the genus in the field referred

it to Conanthereae, a tribe proposed by D. Don for a small

number of Chilian genera and considered to belong to

Inliaceae. Since then its position in the tribe has not

been challenged, but the affinity of the tribe itself has

remained doubtful. Baker ranged it among his

‘‘ aberrant’? tribes of Liliaceae, whilst Bentham and

Hooker transferred it to Haemadoraceae. More recently

Pax, the last to deal with the group comprehensively,

has classed it with the Amaryllidaceae, including in 11,

apart from T'ecophilaea, Walleria (Madagascar), Conanthera

(Chile), Cyanella (South Africa) and Zephyra (Chile).

The problem of the mutual relations of those families and

of their subdivisions is still unsolved and in any case

far too complex to be touched upon in these pages ;

but as to the genera mentioned so much may be said

that whilst T'ecophilaea is clearly related with Zephyra

and Conanthera, its connections with Walleria and

Cyanella are apparently more technical than natural ;

if, however, they are admitted as constituting natural,

that is phylogenetic, affinity they will add another to

the many difficult evolutionary problems which the

Lilitflorae offer to the systematist.

The two varieties which have been proposed, namely

elegans with slightly narrower perigone-segments, and

Leichilinit with more white in the flower, particularly

in the throat, do not represent more than slight variations

within the range of ordinary fluctuations.

The specimen portrayed here was kindly communicated

by Sir John Ross of Bladensburg, Rostrevor, Ireland,

with whom it flowered in the greenhouse last January.

qs,

Fig. 1, a whole non-flowering plant, nat. size; 2, a corm, cut in half, nat.

size; 3 and 4, flowering specimens without corm, nat. size; 5, perigone-tube cut

open X3; 6 and 7, fertile stamen in front and side view respectively, x7; 8,

ovary aiter removal of the perigone, x5; 9, section through ovary, X9; 10,

capsule, nat. size (from a herbarium specimen coll. by Reed); 11 and 12, seed

from without and cut longitudinally, x 10 (from the same source as fig. 10).

THE LIBRARY

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RHODODENDRON LACTEUM.

China.

ERICACEAE, Tribe RHODODENDREAE.

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. ¢., Gen. Plant. 11. 599; Drude in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron lacteum, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIII. 231

(1886), nec Stapf, nec Hemsley in Bot. Mag. t. 8372, ubi alia species postea R.

fictolacteum, Balf.f. dicta errore sub hoc nomine depicta erat, a qua planta nostra

foliis pro rata latioribus, dorso indumento simplici tenuiore, floribus minoribus

sulfureis differt.

Arbor in patria ad 10 m. alta; rami crassi, novelli indumento parco albido

tenuissime araneoso-pulverulento induti, mox glaberrimi, cortice laevi

purpureo-brunneo. Gemmae oblongae, obtusae, 2°5—3cm. longae ; perulae

exteriores perlatae, rotundatae, brunneo-virides, dorso magis minusve

puberulae et glandulosae, glandulis discoideis radiato-cellularibus succineis

epidermati immersis viscosae, ad margines ciliatae. Folia circiter 7 ad

incrementorum annuorum summitates congesta; lamina elliptico-oblonga,

breviter acutata, basi late subcordato-rotundata, 8—15 cm. longa, 4—7 cm.

lata, crasse coriacea, facie atro-viridis et glaberrima, dorso indumento tenui

densissimo pallide cinnamomeo subvelutino induta, indumento pilis fascicu-

latis breviter stipitatis vel estipitatis constituto, pilorum radiis cylindrico-

oblongis obtusis parietibus tenuissimis, costa nervisque supra impressis

subtus prominulis, illa basi dilatata, nervis utrinque circiter 12; petiolus

crassus, 1‘5 cm. longus, facie tenuiter sulcatus. IJnflorescentia valde con-

tracta, multiflora, inter folia sessilis, rhachi brevi; bracteae late oblongae,

subobtusae, utrinque sericeo-tomentosae, aurantiaco-alutaceae ; pedicelli

1-2—1-5 cm. longi, magis minusve floccoso-tomentelli. Calyx ad marginem

undulatum redactus. Corolla sulfurea, late campanulata, 5-loba, 3 cm.

longa, ore 3°5—4 cm. diametro, glabra ; tubus postice in fundo leviter rubro-

maculatus ; lobi latissimi, rotundati, 1—1:2 cm. longi, margine subundulati.

Stamina 10; filamenta 16—22 mm. longa, basin versus dilatata et papillosa ;

antherae brunneae, 3 mm. longae. Discus annularis, crassus, lobulatus,

viridis. Ovarium oblongum, 6 mm. longum, dense albo- vel subeinnamomeo-

tomentosum, pilis fasciculatis radiis tenuissimis liberis vel inferne varie

connatis ; stylus 2—2-2 cm. longus, glaber, viridulus; stigma discoideum,

applanatum. Balf. f. in Gard. Chron. LIX. 168 (1916) et in Trans. et Proc.

Bot. Soc. Edinb. XXVII. 97 (1916).

A tree up to 10 m. high in its home, with stout branches

which are glabrous, except when quite young, and covered

with a smooth purplish-brown bark. The leaf-buds are

ovoid and viscous with fringed glandular scales, each

bud giving rise to about 7 leaves whose elliptic-oblong

blades are shortly pointed and broadly rounded or

slightly cordate at the base and measure 8 to 15 cm.

by 4 to 7 cm.; they are very coriaceous and dark green

and glabrous above whilst the back is densely covered

with a fine pale cinnamon-coloured, almost velvety felt,

and they are borne on very stout stalks 1°5 to 2 cm.

long. The flowers are arranged in dense sessile bunches

of about 20; they are supported by oblong silky bracts

and borne on slightly woolly stalks, up to 1°5 cm. long.

The calyx is represented by a wavy rim. The corolla

is bell-shaped, about 3 cm. long and 3°5 to 4 cm. wide

at the mouth, with 5 very short and broad lobes; it

is uniformly sulphur-yellow with a weak red blotch

inside at the base of the back. The 10 stamens have

rather unequal filaments, much shorter than the corolla,

and papillose low down. The ovary is whitish tomentose,

the style green and glabrous.

DISTRIBUTION. Yunnan, mountains above Talifu and

northwards to the watershed of the Yangtse.

Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour has very fully explained the

circumstances under which this species was confused

with a totally different rhododendron (hk. lacteum var.

macrophyllum, Franch.=fR. fictolactewm, Balt. 1.) and

how it came by its name owing to a mistaken statement by

its discoverer, the Abbé Delavay, who referred to the

flowers as ‘‘ blanc de lait’ in his original label which

Franchet had before him when describing the species.

(1886). Subsequently (1887) he gave the colour correctly

as ‘“‘jaune soufre”’ and to judge from Forrest’s note on the

same plant this is evidently the normal colour. It is with

great reluctance that we retain a name which is so clearly

wrong and misleading. . lactewm is confined to the

mountains above Talifu and their north-eastern con-

tinuation to the Kua la po, about 75 miles from Talitu.

Here it abounds locally at altitudes from 3,000 to 4,000 m.

On the Kua la po it forms almost pure forests whilst

in the Tali range it also occurs as underwood in pine

forests. Itis hardy in this country, but Mr. J. C. Williams,

to whom we are indebted for the contribution of this fine

species, observes that it is particularly resentful of hot sun.

Sir Isaac placed it next to Rk. Beesianum, one of Forrest’s

discoveries, but that species has deep rich rose-red

flowers and also differs much in other respects. O.8.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size: 2, a fascicled hair from the underside

of a leaf, x 120; 3, a bract, nat. size; 4, lower part of a long filament and its:

anther, X 4; 5, pistil with disc and calyx, x2; 6 and 7, hairs from the ovary,.

x 50 (fig. 7 from near the top).

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TAB. 8989.

CYCLAMEN BALEARICUM.

Baleares.

PRIMULACEAE, ‘Tribe CYCLAMINEAE,

CycraMEN, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. IJ. 634; Pax in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 115 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV. 237 (19085) ;

Hildebrand, Die Gatiung Cyclamen (1898).

Cyclamen balearicum, Wéllk. in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr, XXV. 111 (1875) et in

Linnaea, XL. 75 (1876) et Ill. Fl. Hisp. I. 6, t. 5 (1881); aC. repando, Sibth. &

Sm., proximo foliis obtuse et saepe obscure lobulatis, floribus vernalibus minoribus

albidis tenuissime violaceo-striatis distinctum,

Tuber depresso-globosum, 2 cm. diametro, vix 1 cm. altum, tenuiter ferrugineo-

velutinum pilis fasciculatis, e centro infero radicans. Caulis brevissimus

e centro supero ortus. Jolia circiter 4 cum quoque tubere, iam ante flores

evoluta; lamina late obcordata, sinu aperto vel rarius auriculis imbricatis

clauso, obtusa, obtuse et saepe obscure lobulata vel repanda hydatodis

praeter terminalem obscuris, foliorum maiorum 3—4 (raro ad 6) cm. longa,

2°-5—4 (raro ad 5°5) cm. lata, facie atro-viridis, praeter marginem varie

argenteo-maculata, dorso purpurea, glabra; petiolus gracilis, flexuosus, pro

magna parte subterraneus, 2—3 cm. supra solum ascendens. Flores suaveo-

lentes, vernales, 2 vel 3 cum quoque tubere; pedicelli 7—9 cm. longi,

brevissime pubescentes. Sepala lanceolata, acuta, integra, 4—4°5 mm. longa,

dorso et ad margines minute puberula. Corolla albida; tubus semiglobosus,.

4—5 mm. longus, intus ad ostium roseo-suffusus ; segmenta oblanceolata,

saepe torta, subacuta, tenuissime violaceo-striata, vix 2cem.longa. Antherae

filamento brevissimo lato insidentes, lanceolatae, 2°5 mm. longae, flavidae,

dorso verruculosae et purpureo-glandulosae. Stylus corollae ostium

attingens nec exsertus. Fructus globosus, 8 mm. diametro, sepalis dilatatis

cinctus. Semina oblique oblonga, 4 mm. longa, fusca. Hildebrand in Engl.

Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. 601 (1897) et Gattung Cyclamen, 32, t. ii. figs. 16-28

(1898), C. vernum, Cambess. Enum. Pl. Balear. 127 (1827), non Reichb..

C. repandum, Texid., Nuev. Apunt. 23 (1872), non Sibth. & Sm.

Like C. repandum, C. coum and a few other species,

C. balearicum possesses finely velvety tubers which

produce the long-stalked leaves already in the winter

and the flowers in the following spring. The leaf-blades

are inversely heart-shaped with slightly and bluntly

lobed or almost entire margins and an open or closed

(by the overlapping of the basal auricles) sinus, the

larger of them measure usually 3 to 4 cm. by 2°5 to 4 cm.

and are dark green with varying silvery patches on the

upper side and bright purple on the lower side. The

sweet-scented flowers are well raised above the leaves

and have whitish corollas with inversely lanceolate,

often twisted segments, delicately veined with violet,

and up to 2.cm. long. The style just reaches the mouth

of the corolla.

DistRIBUTION.—Balearic Islands only.

Although common in the Balearic Islands, and par-

ticularly in Mallorca, where it is found throughout the

island from the lower levels to the summits of the Sierra

(1,543 m.), favouring rich soil among stones and rocks,

it is rarely found in cultivation, probably because its

flowers are relatively small and of modest, though

dainty, colouring. It is, however, interesting as one

of the many species which are confined to those islands.

It has been confused by earlier writers with C. repandum,

but it is readily distinguished from it by its bluntly-—

lobed or almost entire leaves and its much smaller whitish

flowers. The specimens from which the present plate

was prepared were grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens

at Kew from tubers received from Mr. P. W. Munn of

Stourmouth, Bournemouth. They throw up the first

leaves in December, flower from February to March

and begin to withdraw in May, seeding well. ‘They are

kept in a cold frame and treated like other tender

cyclamens.

Probably C. balearicum inhabits the smallest area

among the species of the genus, other instances of greatly

restricted distribution being afforded by C. cyprianum in

Cyprus and C. cilicicwm in the Taurus mountains of Cilicia.

Hildebrand places the latter near our species, but it

has orbicular leaf-blades and its very numerous rose- |

coloured flowers begin to appear in the autumn before

the first leaves. O.S.

Fig. 1, two whole plants, nat. size; 2, a flower, x 2°5; 3, a flower with the

‘corolla removed, X3; 4, pistil, X6; 5, the same surrounded by the anthers and

the base of the calyx, x6; 6, an anther seen from within, 8 ; 7, amature fruit,

mat. size: 8, aseed, <3.

WE Ligias

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PRIMULA SUFFRUTESCENS.

North America.

PRIMULACEAE. Tribe PRIMULEAE.

Primvuta, Linn.: Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 11. 631; Pax in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzf. IV. 1. 104, and in Engl. PAanzenr. IV. 237. 17.

Primula suffrutescens, 4. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. VII. 371 (1868); inter

species gregis P. cunerfoliae, Led., rhizomate sublignescente ramoso et foliis firmis

insignis.

Herba perennis, glaberrima, rhizomate lignescente ad 15 cm. longo ramoso

foliorum vestigiis obtecto, ramis ascendentibus. Folia creberrima, in ramis

plerumque 1—3 cm. longis dense congesta et ad eorum apices rosulas

formantia, cuneato-spatulata, longe in petiolum anguste alatum attenuata,

eo incluso 1°5—3 cm. longa, 3—10 mm. lata, apice rotundata, superne

dentata dentibus 5—49, firma, facie saturate viridia, dorso subflavescentia.

Scapus 3—10 em. altus. IJnflorescentia umbellata, floribus paucis vel ad

10; bracteae lineares, acuminatae, ad 4 mm. longae ; pedicelli 6—10 mm.

longi. Calyx campanulatus, 5—7 mm. longus, pulverulento-glandulosus,

ad vel ultra medium fissus, lobis lanceolatis acutis. Corollae tubus flavescens,

superne sensim paulo ampliatus; limbus pulchre purpureo-roseus, versus

ostium aureum parce farinosus, 1°5—2 cm. diametro, segmentis obcordatis.

Antherae 2 mm. longae, apiculatae, in forma brevistyla 5 mm. supra basin

insertae. Capsula globosa, 4mm. diametro, valvis ovatis apice vix recurvis.

A. Gray in Geol. Surv. Calif. Bot. 1. 468 (1876) et Syn. Fl. North Amer. IT.

1. 59 (1886); Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV. 237. 113, fig. 32 (1905); I. B.

Balf. in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XX XIX. 182, fig. 86 (1913); Bailey, Stand.

Cycl. Hort. V. 2809 (1916).

This species is distinguished by its well-developed

somewhat woody rhizome, which produces short stout

branches bearing dense rosettes of firm glabrous

roundishly blunt wedge-shaped leaves. The latter are

including the broad leaf-stalk, which passes very gradually

into the blade, 1°5 to 3 em. long and, where widest,

3 to 10 mm. wide; the blade is conspicuously toothed

in the upper part, dark green on the face and paler or

almost yellowish onthe back. The 2-to 10-flowered wmbels

are borne on scapes 3 to 10 cm. high and they have

linear bracts supporting pedicels which vary from

6 to 10 mm. in length. The bell-shaped sparingly mealy

calyx is 5 to 7 mm. long and cleft to or beyond the middle

into 5 acute lanceolate segments. ‘The deep rose or rose-

purple corollas have a yellow eye; their tube is about

8 mm. long whilst the limb measures 1°5 to 2 cm. across.

The globose capsule, 4 mm. in diameter, remains enclosed

an the calyx.

DIsTRIBUTION.—California, Sierra Nevada, from 36°

to 39° N. Lat. and at altitudes from 3,000 to 3,900 m.

P. suffrutescens is one of the choicest of the American

primulas, distinguished alike by the beautiful colour of

its flowers, the peculiar foliage and the branching of

its rhizomes, from which it has received its specific name,

although the latter is perhaps not quite appropriate ;

for the branches of the rhizome are generally buried

in the crevices of rocks or among stones, the leaf-rosettes

only showing above the ground. Thus no aerial system

of branches is formed as one might expect to find in an

undershrub. According to Asa Gray, P. suffrutescens

was discovered by Thomas Bridge on the mountains

above the Yosemite Valley. This could not have been

earlier than 1857—-Bridges arrived in California late in

1856—-but there are specimens of P. suffrutescens at Kew,

collected by William Lobb, Veitch’s collector, and dated

(received ?) “1857.” These specimens and others

ecllected by Professor H. W. Brewer form the basis of

A. Gray’s description. The plant has since been recorded

from various parts of the Sierra, but always from high

altitudes. It has its nearest ally in P. cuneifolia, a

subarctic species of the coasts and islands of the Behring

Sea and the mountains of eastern Siberia and North Japan.

Our primula was according to Nicholson introduced

into cultivation in 1884, but it seems to have remained

rare in gardens although it should not be difficult to

grow. At Edinburgh, so Balfour remarks, the plant

thrives well in a light well-drained soil. It is true

the branches are disposed to die off at the tip, but healthy

shoots rapidly replace them. A reproduction of a

splendid photograph of a group of P. suffrutescens in

the Edinburgh Botanic Garden will be found in the

Journal of the R. Horticultural Society for 1913 (fig. 86).

The drawing which is reproduced here was originally

prepared from one of those plants for the late Sir I. Bayley

Baltour, but it was placed at our disposal by the courtesy

of his successor, Professor W. Wright Smith. O.S.

Fig. 1, a plant, nat. size; 2, a flower seen from above, x 2 ; 3, the same in

longitudinal section; 4, an anther, x 5. .

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SCHIZOPHRAGMA INTEGRIFOLIA.

- China.

SAXIFRAGACEAE. Tribe HYDRANGEAE.

ScHIzOPHRAGMA, Sich. & Zucc.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 641; Engl. in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 2a. 76.

Schizophragma integrifolia, Oliv. in Hook., Ic. Plant. t. 1934 (1890); proxima

S. hydrangioidi, Sieb. & Zucc., sed foliis maioribus firmioribus plerumque integris

vel minute dentatis, floribus maioribus, sepalis sterilibus plerumque multo

maioribus magis oblongis differt.

Frutex ope radicum more Hederae scandens, 2—3 m. altus, admodum ramosus,

novellis tomentosis fere semper citissime calvescentibus ; rami iuniores

rubescentes vel castanei, tune pallescentes, cortice lamellis tenuibus soluto.

Gemmae axillares, ovoideae, ad 1 cm. longae, perulis exterioribus ovatis

subobtusis, interioribus lanceolatis acuminatis demum valde elongatis,

omnibus griseo- vel rufo-tomentosis. Folia decidua, opposita, longe

petiolata; lamina ovata vel rotundato-ovata, basi rotundata, rarius sub-

cordata vel breviter late cuneata, acute acuminata, integra vel partim

glanduloso-denticulata, 4°5—15 em. longa, 4—12 ecm. lata, firme chartacea,

facie viridis, dorso pallida, matura ad nervos pubescens vel interdum fere

glabra vel raro subtomentosa, nervis utrinque 5—6 perobliquis uti venarum

rete tandem prominentibus; petiolus ad 10 cm. longus, glaber vel laxe

pilosus. Paniculae terminales, pendulae, laxae, 10—15 cm. longae, 15—20

em. latae, sematophorae,* omnibus partibus pilosulae vel rarius glabrae,

ramis oppositis vel suboppositis compressis 7—10 cm. longis e medio fur-

catis ; cymae umbelliformes, multiflorae, circiter 1:5 cm. diametro, plerum-

que plures e furea ortae et tenuiter pedunculatae, caeterae (2 vel 3) secundum

elus radios dispositae et sessiles; bracteae bracteolaeque cymarum fili-

formes, 1:5—1 mm. longae; pedicelli 2—3 mm. longi. Sematophylla*

- quasi ramorum radios terminantia, e flore sterili cymae summae longe

pedicellato commutata, pedicello 2—2°5 em. longo saepe bracteolis 1 vel

2 ampliatis oblongis lanceolatisve foliaceis munito, flore ipso ad sepalum

foliaceum ovatum vel oblongum acutum plerumque 4-8 cm. longum 2—3 cm.

latum (rarius hebetatum et multo minus) tenuiter membranaceum flavido-

lacteum redacto, rarius sepalorum aliorum vestigiis aucto. Alabastra

25—3 mm. diametro. Receptaculum turbinatum, vix 2 mm. longum,

tenuiter 10-costatum. Sepala ovata, 1mm. longa. Petala valvata, flavido-

alba, elliptica, acuta, concava et intra parce pilosula, ad 3 mm. longa,

eaduca. Stamina 10; antherae subglobosae, 1 mm. longae; filamenta

3mm. longa. Stylus crassus, | mm. longus, basi disco undulato-marginato

circumdatus; stigma capitatum. Capsula_ elongato-turbinata, disco

styloque induratis coronata, fusca, 5—6 mm. longa, 10-costata. Semina

ambitu lanceolato-fusiformia, 2°5—3 mm. longa, 0°75 mm. lata, badia;

nucellus basin versus situs 1 mm. longus; testa tenuis, anguste longitudin-

aliter areolata, areolis concavis; funiculus 0°5—1 mm. longus. J. H.

Veitch in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XXVIII. 62, fig. 21 (1903); C. Schneider,

Handb. Laubholzk. I. 394 (1906); Rehder in Sargent, Plant. Wilson. I. 41

(1911); Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1919, 275, fig. 87, 88. S. hydrangioides var.

integrifolium, Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2me, VIII. 226 (1885) ;

Pl. David. II. 44 (1888).

__* Sematophorae, i.e. bearing special show- or semaphore-leayes (sematophylla),

in this case highly modified sepals (see below).

A shrub climbing on or leaning against rocks, usually

almost glabrous except for the youngest parts which

are greyish- or brownish-tomentose with reddish or at

length pale-brown branches and with a rich bright green,

rarely slightly glaucous, deciduous foliage. The opposite

leaves are borne on long (up to 10 cm.) stalks; their

blades are ovate to roundish-ovate from a mostly broad

rounded base and are drawn out into a generally short

point with the margins entire or minutely toothed for

some distance, their dimensions varying considerably

(from 4°5 to 15 cm. by 4 to 12 cm.).. The nodding

terminal panicles measure 10 to 15 cm. by 15 to 20 cm,

and bear numerous many-flowered cymes on the rays

of their forked branches, each ray ending with a usually

large (4 to 8 cm. by 2 to 3 cm.) creamy-white ovate or

oblong leaf, the modified sepal of a barren flower whose

parts are otherwise suppressed and which is raised on an

enlarged stalk well above the cyme to which it belongs.

The normal flowers measure 2°5 to 3 mm. in diameter

when in bud and consist of a short top-shaped receptacle,

small ovate sepals and creamy-white elliptic concave

petals, about 3 mm. long and exceeded by the slender

filaments with their almost globose pale anthers which

surround the short stout style and its knob-shaped

stigma. The capsules are of the shape of an elongated top

and are covered by the hardened disk which is crowned. by

the persistent style; they open by the falling away or

the gradual decay of the thin wail situated between the

frame-work of the 10 strong longitudinal ribs. The seeds

are lanceolate, 2°5 to 3 mm. long and have a loose thin

long-meshed seed-coat with the short kernel at its base.

DISTRIBUTION. Central and western China, widely

distributed from West-Hupeh to West-Szechuan between

900 and 2,300 m., also in Kiangsi at 900 m.

The function of the enlarged sepals of the sterile

flowers which in certain hydrangeas compensate by

their showiness for the inconspicuousness of the fertile

flowers is in Schizophragma taken over by a single sepal

of one of the flowers of the uppermost cyme of each,

or at least some, of the branches of the inflorescence.

For this purpose the sepal is nct only very much enlarged

and conspicuously coloured, resembling in shape and

nervation a foliage-leaf, but it is at the same time carried

outside the periphery of the panicle by the enlargement

of its pedicel which appears to continue the branch,

with the remainder of the cyme laterally attached to

it. Thus these sepals act like signalling flags or sema-

phores, advertising the otherwise very modest inflores-

cences at great distances. Very similar semaphore-

sepals occur in not a few genera of Rubiaceae, as Mussaenda,

Mussaendopsis, Capirona, Calycophyllum, etc., but here

the fertility of the flowers carrying them is in no way

affected. In Schizophragma all the other parts of the

flower are completely suppressed except for a few tiny

scales, the rudiments of sepals. The semaphore-sepals

are occasionally much reduced but apparently not in

correlation with other characters. Whether this reduc-

tion runs in strains or marks merely an extreme of

fluctuation is uncertain, but it seems worth testing as it

affects the horticultural value of the plant. Rehder

has distinguished a number of varieties, based on leaf-

characters (stoutness, shape, hairiness, denticulation)

and the shape and size of the semaphore-sepals ; but

to judge by the ample herbarium material at my

disposal, they come within the range of ordinary

fluctuation and are unconnected with distribution.

The genus Schizophragma comprises three other species,

one (S. hydrangioides, the type of the genus), widely

distributed through the forests ot Japan, and another

(S. hypoglaucum) only known from Mt. Omei in Szechuan,

and a third from Formosa (S. Faurei). S. integrifolia

was discovered by Pére David in the neighbourhood

of Mupin in 1869, and it was originally described as a

variety of S. hydrangioides (Botanical Magazine, t. 8520),

from which it is, however, sufficiently distinguished

by the characters given above in the differential diagnosis.

Henry collected it subsequently in Hupeh whilst Wilson

established its occurrence in numerous localities in that

province and in Szechuan. He also found it south-east

of Hupeh at Kuling in the Province of Kiangsi, 25 kil.

south of Kiu-Kiang. Here, as elsewhere, it grows on

cliffs, attaching itself to the rock by adventitious roots

atter the fashion of ivy.

Schizophragma much resembles certain species of

Hydrangea in appearance—in fact, S. hydrangioides has

often been mistaken in gardens for Hydrangea petiolaris

—hbut the laterally dehiscent capsules and the solitary

stout style distinguish the genus very clearly, quite

apart from the singular semaphore-leaves.

S. entegrifolia was first introduced into cultivation by

K. Wilson in 1901 from seed collected by him in Hupeh

the previous year. It has proved perfectly hardy in

this country and owing to its fine foliage and striking

inflorescenses as well as its vigorous growth it ought to

form a handsome cover for walls and the trunks of trees.

It can easily be propagated from cuttings. The specimen

from which the present plate was prepared was com-

municated by Professor W. Wright Smith of the

Edinburgh Botanic Garden, where the plant flowers

freely. It is of Mr. Wilson’s introduction and was

received from Sir John Stirling Maxwell in 1908. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, portion of a stem with adventitious

roots, nat. size; 3, the base of a semaphore-sepal with rudiments of the other

sepals, x 3; 4, a flower, x5; 5, a petal seen from within, x6; 6, a receptacle

with style and stigma, x6; 7, a mature capsule, x2; 8, a seed, <7.

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G. Atkinson del L Snelling, lith HF.&G.Witherby, London.

Tas. 8992.

HARDENBERGIA COMPTONIANA.

Australia.

LEGUMINOSAE. Tribe PHASEOLEAR.

HARDENBERGIA, Benth ; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 1. 530. Kennedya, Taubert

in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 3. 361.

Hardenbergia Comptoniana, Benth. in Endl., Enum. Pl. Hueg. 41 (1837);

proxima H. monophyllae, Benth., sed foliolis 3-nis vel 5-nis et leguminibus haud

pulpa farctis distincta.

Suffrutex volubilis, glaber, caulibus teretibus tenuiter costatis interdum inter

costas striatis. Folia stipulata stipellataque, 3-foliolata vel 5-foliolata et

tune foliolis lateralibus geminatis; foliola brevissime petiolulata, mobilia,

linearia vel lineari-lanceolata vel inter ovatum et lanceolatum variantia,

obtusa, mucronato-apiculata, rarius subacuta, basi rotundata vel sub-

truncata, magnitudine admodum variabilia, 4—11 cm. longa, 0°4—5°5 em.

lata, chartacea, laete viridia, rarius subglauca, facie eximie reticulata, nervis

in foliolis linearibus fere angulo recto patentibus, in latioribus magis minusve

obliquis; foliolum terminale simillimum, nisi longius, rhachis internodio

plerumque 0°8—1:5 cm. (raro ad 2°5 em.) longo a lateralibus distans ;

stipulae ovatae vel lanceolatae, saepe obliquae, acute acuminatae, ad 4 mm.

longae; petiolus 1—5 cm. longus; stipellae rubescentes, lineares vel

lineari-lanceolatae, 2—3 mm. longae. Racem? axillares et terminales,

interdum ramo secundario e basi aucti, rarius fere paniculati, 6—12 cm.

longi, floribus 2-natis; pedunculus 1—3 cm. longus; bracteae lanceolatae,

longe acuminatae, circiter 3 mm. longae, caducae ; pedicélli graciles, parce

puberuli, 4—7 mm. longi; bracteolae nullae. Calyx campanulatus, 3°5 mm.

longus, ad 4 2-labiatus, labio supero 2-dentato, infero alte in dentes 3

triangulares breviter subulato-acuminatos diviso, dentibus omnibus minute

ciliolatis. Corolla pulchre violaceo-caerulea; vexillum suborbiculare,

emarginatum, breviter unguiculatum, circiter 11 mm. latum, paulo minus

altum, medio ex ungue area alba maculis viridibus notata picta; alae

eirciter 10 mm. longae, lamina oblique obovata (explanata fere semi-

orbiculari et subito in unguem albidum contracta), lineari-auriculata ;

carinae petala alis similia, sed 7 mm. vix longiora. Stamen summum

liberum, filamento 4 mm. longo, caetera fere ad 3 mm. coalita; antherae

viridi-flavescentes. Ovarium lineare, sensim in stylum brevem abiens, cum

eo 4mm. longum; stigma capitatum. Legwmen oblongum, stylo indurato

mucronulatum, nigricans, turgidum, 3—4 cm. longum, 0°8—1 cm. latum,

valvis firme coriaceis intus albis laevibus. Semina oblonga, ad 4 mm.

longa, 2 mm. lata, fusca, funiculo brevi latiusculo, strophiolo oblongo crasso

2mm. longo albido. Meisn. in Lehm., Pl. Preiss. I. 94 (1844); Benth. Fl.

Austral. II. 247 (1864); Diels & Pritzel in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXV. 271

(1904); H. Huegelit, Benth. in Endl., Pl. Hueg. 41 (1837); H. digitata,

Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 60. H. Lindleyi, Meisn., l.c., H. Makoyana, Ch.

Lem. Ill. Hort. V. t. 179 (1858); E. Andrée in Rev. Hort. 1882, 344. H.macro-

phylla, Journ. Hort. ser. 3, XXX. 361 (1895). Glycine Comptoniana, Andr.,

Bot. Rep. t. 602 (1810); Bot. Reg. t. 298 (1818). Kennedya Comptoniana,

Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. II. 235 (1822); DC., Prodr. II. 383 (1825);

Van Geel, Sert. Bot., V. Class XVII. (1830). K. macrophylla, Lindl., Bot.

Reg. XXII. t. 1862 (1836).

A twining or trailing shrub with slender finely ribbed

stems, quite glabrous except the slightly hairy axes of

the inflorescences. The stipulate and stipellate Icaves

are 3- or 5-foliolate with the lateral leaflets in pairs and

0°8 to 1°5 (rarely up to 2°5 ) cm. distant from the terminal,

all carried on very short stalklets ; the size and shape of

the leaflets is extremely variable, ranging from linear

and lanceolate to ovate end from 4 to 11 cm. by 0°4 to

5°) em.; they are papery, bright green and very neatly

reticulate ; the common leaf-stalk is 1 to 5 em. long and

rises from between a pair of oblique ovate to lanceolate

stipules, up to 4 mm. long. The axillary and terminal

racemes are 6 to 12 cm. long and bear the flowers on

paired slender stalks 4 to 7 mm. long and supported by

lanceolate very early deciduous bracts. The calyx is

bell-shaped, 3°5 mm. long, 2-lipped, and 5-toothed. The

corolla is of a brilliant violet-blue or a deep almost pure

blue, with a white central spot marked with green dots

on the round shortly clawed and slightly notched standard

which measures about 11 mm. across, whilst the blunt

obliquely obovate wings are 10 mm. long exceeding the

whitish keel-petals by 8 mm. The uppermost stamen is

quite free from the others which are united into a sheath

for about 83mm. The linear ovary passes gradually into

the very short style. The mature pods are oblong and

almost round and dark brown, measucing 3 to 4 cm. by

0°8 to 1 cm.; the leathery curling valves are snow-white

and smooth inside and hold about 8 brown stout

oblong seeds with a whitish strophiole; the seeds being

4mm. by 2 mm.

DisTRIBUTION. West-Australia, along the coast from

the Swan river to King George’s Sound.

Although in cultivation for more than a hundred years

this very pretty plant has so far not been depicted in

this Magazine, where the genus is represented only by

two plates (tt. 263 and 2619), both illustrating its less

ornamental congener H. monophylla, under the obsolete

names Glycine bimaculata and Kennedya ovata. H.

Comptoniana inhabits the littoral of West-Australia from

Perth and Freemantle to the Stirling Division on King

George’s Sound, mostly twining in shrubs or trailing on

gravelly or sandy ground, and in the southern section of

the area, according to Diels, it is particularly partial to

humid Eucalyptus-woods. It became first known

through specimens grown in Lady Northampton’s

garden at Castle Ashby, Northampton, in 1810.*

Andrews figured Lady Northampton’s plant in his

“Repository ” under the name Glycine Comptoniana,

Compton being the family name of the Marquises of

Northampton. It was soon established in various

gardens and in 1822 it was removed to Kennedya by H.

F. Link of Berlin who recognized its affinity with K.

monophylla, an early introduction of Sir Joseph Banks’s

from New South Wales. A few years later A. P. De

Candolle, although admitting its close connection with

K. monophylla, queried its position in Kennedya. Taking

up his suggestion Bentham in 1837 established the genus

Hardenbergia on those and several other species which

he then thought might be distinguished, characterizing

it by its general habit, and the shape of the calyx and

corolla. The name Hardenbergia was chosen in com-

memoration of the Austrian Countess Francisca Harden-

berg, a sister of Baron Huegel, whose Australian

collections Bentham was then working out in collabora-

tion with Endlicher and other botanists. Bentham also

retained Hardenbergia as a distinct genus in the “* Genera

Plantarum ”’ (1865); but Baillon in his ‘“‘ Histoire des

Plantes ”’ (1870) and Taubert in “ Natiirliche Pfllanzen-

familien ’’ (1891) saw in Hardenbergia only a group of

kennedyas which they did not even class as a distinct

subgenus or section. ‘To me Hardenbergia seems to form

a perfectly natural genus, recognizable by its general

facies and the shape, size and colour of its flowers. The

typical large-flowered kennedyas (see Bot. Mag. tt. 268,

270, 3652) are very distinct, and it is rather the group

of smaller-flowered umbellate species which suggests

closer generic affinity. The areas of Hardenbergia and

Kennedya overlap so that no conclusions as to their

phylogenetic history can be drawn from their distributicn.

Three species of Hardenbergia are at present recognized,

* Van Geel says it was introduced in 1803, whilst Loudon dates its intro-

duction from 1806. As R. Brown collected the plant at King George’s Sound

on April 29th, 1802—he described it (in MS.) and distributed it as ‘ Glycine ’’—

there is little doubt that he was not only its discoverer but also instrumental in

introducing it into cultivation.

H. Comptoniana in the south-west, H. monophylla in the

east and south-east of the Australian continent and H,

retusa in Queensland. H. Comptoniana is remarkably

variable in the number, shape and size of the leaflets.

The ample synonymy quoted above arises entirely out of

that fact. It was only as the plant became better known

from specimens collected in the wild state and from

repeated introductions that these variations were re-

cognized as really unstable and therefore unreliable for

purposes of discrimination.

H. Comptoniana is generally grown as a green-house ~

plant in this country, trained on poles or rafters or

in bush-form, twining round cylindrical or balloon-

shaped trellises where the racemes, crowded into a

smaller space, show the brilliantly coloured flowers

to better effect. However, Mr. W. Andrews, head-

gardener to Lord Falmouth at Tregothnan, Truro,

Cornwall, to whom we are obliged for the material from

which the present plate was prepared, writes that he has

grown the plant for fifteen years in the open in a sheltered

corner on the south-west side of the mansion, where it

rambles over other climbers and an acacia. It flowers ©

there quite freely for quite two months commencing

about Christmas. It fruits and occasionally matures

the seed from which young plants have been raised.

Its worst enemy is cold winds which sometimes kill the

tips of the young growth. The soil in which Mr.

Andrews grows the plant so successfully is a mixture of

peat, loam and sand which receives an annual dressing

of peat and leaf-mould. In the absence of seeds propa-

gation from green-wood cuttings may be resorted to. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a calyx, X7; 3, a standard, x3;

4 keel with a wing-petal, x3; 5, a wing-petal, flattened out, X3; 6, staminal

tube, flattened out, X6; 7, free stamen, 6; 8, pistil, cut open, X6; 9, a pod,

nat. siz2; 10, aseed, x3.

E= 4

—

Alla

—

F.&G.Witherby.

L.Snelling, del et lith

Tas. 8993.

RHODODENDRON SEARSIAE.

China.

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE.

RHODODENDRON, Linn. ; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. IJ. 599; Drude in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendrum Searsiae, Rehder & Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. I. 522

(1913); affine R. polylepidi, Franch., a quo distat imprimis foliis dorso inter

squamulas ope papillarum congestarum albarum caeruleo-glaucis necnon calyce

magis evoluto, corolla extra parcissime lepidota, capsula paulo maiore.

Frutex 2—2°5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus, novellis dense flavido-lepidotis ; ramuli

mox fuscescentes vel brunnescentes, lepidoto-verrucosi. Gemmae

lanceolato-oblongae, acutae, ad 1 em. longae, perulis oblongis ciliolatis.

Folia breviter petiolata, 5—8 ad ramulorum apices congesta, magis minusve

deflexa ; lamina lanceolata, acute acuminata apice leviter depresso, basi

cuneata vel breviter acuta, 4—8 cm. longa, 1'2—2°5 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea,

facie atro-viridis, primo parce nigro-lepidota, demum glabra et lucidula,

dorso ope papillarum dense congestarum eximie caeruleo-glauca et squamulis

flavidis vel rubescentibus magnitudine variis conspersa, costa illic impressa

hic prominula, nervis utrinqgue 8—10 tenuibus; petiolus 3—5 mm. longus,

lepidoto-verrucosus. Flores 4—8, fere in umbellam congesti; inflores-

centiae gemma ovoidea, acuta circiter 12 mm. longa, 9 mm. diametro,

olivaceo-flavida, perulis caducis tenuiter papyraceis ciliolatis caeterum

praeter squamulas glabris; pedunculus brevissimus, perularum bractea-

rumque cicatricibus insigniter notatus; bracteae oblongae, acutae, tenues,

flavido-brunnescentes, squamulosae, ciliatae ; bracteolae filiformes, 1°5 em.

longae; pedicelli 8—12 mm. longi, graciles, lepidoto-verrucosi. Calyx

late cupularis, 5-lobus, 1—2 mm. longus, lepidotus, lobis rotundatis

inaequalibus, uno alterove saepe elongato tenuiore et ciliato. Corolla e tubo

infundibuliformi late aperte campanulata, pallide purpurea vel fere alba,

extra sparsissime lepidota; tubus 10—12 mm. longus, intra ad fauces

postice viridi-maculatus et sub eas parce pilosus; limbus paulo obliquus,

5 em. diametro, 5-lobatus, lobis ovatis vel anticis ovato-oblongis rotundatis

vel subacutis, posticis 1:5—2 cm., anticis ad 2°5 cm. longis, omnibus 1°3—1°'5

em. latis. Stamina 10; longiora ad 2°5 cm. longa, omnium filamenta paulo

supra basin per spatium 3—4 mm. villosula. Ovartum 5-loculare, oblongum,

praeter annulum basalem laevem dense squamulis flavido-viridibus obtectum,

4 mm. longum; stylus demum ad 3°5 cm. longus, purpurascens, glaber

vel pilis perpaucis minimis conspersus. Capsula cylindrico-oblonga, 10—12

mm, longa, lepidota, nigricans, valvis oblongis 5 leviter recurvis. Semina

magis minusve oblonga, exalata, 1'5—2 mm. longa. I. B. Balf. in Not.

R. Bot. Gard. Edinb. XI. 93 (1919).

A shrub up to over 2 m. high, with slender branches

which, when young, like all other growing parts, are

densely covered with a yellowish scaly scurf, but later on

are merely warty owing to the persistent larger scales.

The leaf-buds are rather small, lanceolate oblong and

acute with oblong ciliolate scales, The leaves are to

the number of 5 to 8 congested at the tips of the branches

and when mature more or less deflexed; their short-

stalked blades are lanceolate from a narrow base and

taper to an acute point ; they are 4 to 8 cm. long and 1-2

to 2°5 cm. wide, dark-green, smooth and slightly glossy on

the face and bluish-glaucous on the back with a yellow

to red-brown scurf of scales of varying size scattered

all over. The buds of the inflorescences are egg-shaped,

acute and up to 12 mm. by 9mm. with olive-yellowish dark-

edged ciliate scales; they give rise to short sessile umbel-

like racemes of 4 to 8 flowers which are borne on slender

scurfy stalks 8 to 12 mm. long, supported by early

deciduous membranous tawny ciliate bracts and bearing

filiform bractlets at their base. The calyx is very short, cup-

shaped with often unequal and ciliate scurfy rounded lobes.

The pale rose-purple or almost white corolla is somewhat

obliquely funnel-shaped with a wide throat, marked

with light-green spots on the back, and with a widely

open 5-lobed limb, about 5 cm. across ; it 1s very sparingly,

if at all, scurfy on the outside ; the tube is 10 to 12 mm.

long whilst the longer (lower) lobes measure up to 2°5 cm.

by 1:3 to 15 cm. The longer of the 10 stamens are

about 2°5 cm. long and are like the others villous above

the base. The 5-celled ovary is densely covered with

yellow-green scales and bears a slender, mostly glabrous

style, 3°5 cm. long. The dark brown capsule is 10 to

12 mm. long and opens by 5 oblong valves.

DISTRIBUTION. —West-Szechuan; on Wa-shan, at

2,300 to 3,000 m.

Rk. Searsiae belongs, like R. polylepis, with which it

has been compared above, to the “ triflorum series,”

a somewhat large group—Balfour estimates it as com-

prising over 30 species—with its centre in Szechuan,

whence it ranges into Yunnan and the eastern and

central Himalaya. The group has been illustrated in

this Magazine by a number of plates, as for instance

t. 7621 (Rk. rubsginosum), t. 8300 (hk. Keysi), t. 8309

(R. Harrovianum, considered to be identical with R.

polylepis), t. 8605 (R. Davidsonianum), t. 8620 (R. con-

cinnum), ete. It has nevertheless been considered

desirable to add to these by the inclusion of the present

species, because of the difficulty of discriminating

between certain members of the group without adequate

illustration, and partly because R. Searsiae is one of the

prettiest and hardiest of the series. It is not only a

strong grower, but, as Professor W. Wright-Smith points

out to us, also very accommodating as regards soil and

position. At Edinburgh it thrives in much more

exposed situations than many of the Chinese rhodo-

dendrons and it is most floriferous when it receives the

full benefit of the sun. The drawing for the present

plate was, like others which we have the privilege of

using for the enrichment of this and further volumes,

originally made for Professor Balfour and under his

direction from plants raised from Wilson’s seed number

1343 through the kindness of Sir John Stirling Maxwell

in 1909. Our species is most readily distinguished from

R. polylepis by the bluish-glaucous colour of the under-

side of its leaves with which the scurf-scales studding

it contrast very vividly. Similar colour-contrasts

occur in other species of the group, but here as in &.

oreotrephes, R. triflorum, R. Keysi and one or two more

the intense glaucousness is due to the presence of

innumerable wax-covered papillae which form an almost

continuous layer.

Rk. Searsiae was discovered in 1908 by Mr. E. Wilson

growing in thickets on the sacred mountain Wa Shan

in Central Szechuan between 2,300 and 3,000 m., and

this is so far the only locality from which it has been

recorded, whilst its near congener R. polylepis ranges

Over a wide area in western Szechuan and seems even

to reach Yunnan in the upper Mekong valley. ‘The

name “* Searsiae’’ was given by the authors in dedication

to “Sarah Choate Sears, artist, lover and successful

cultivator of plants.” Os:

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size ; 2, a portion of the upper side of a leaf,

x 10; 3a, portion of the lower side of a leaf, x 10; 4,a bract, x3; 5, a bracteole,

x6; 6, a corolla cut open and spread out, nat. size; 7 and 8, a short and a

long stamen, X4; 9, pistil, x4; 10, a capsule, nat. size; 11, the bud of an

inflorescence, nat. size.

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LITHOSPERMUM OLEIFOLIUM.

Spain.

BORRAGINACEAE. Tribe LITHOSPERMEAE.

LirnospermuM, Linn.; Benth. & Hook., Gen. Plant. Il. 860; Guerke in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 3a. 122.

Lithospermum oleifolium, Lapeyr., Hist. Abr. Pl. Pyr. Suppl. 28 (1813); a

L. diffuso, Lag., proximo distat foliis latioribus oblongis planis dorso canescen-

tibus, calycis corollaeque ratione (illo pro rata multo longiore), staminibus ad

fauces glabras insertis, stigmate 2-lobo.

Fruticulus ramosissimus, late diffusus, 10—30 cm. altus, ramis gracilibus ascen-

dentibus inferne nudis, hornotinis incano-hirsutis. Folia in ramis sterilibus

abbreviatis magis minusve congesta, in ramis florentibus laxe sparsa ;

lamina oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, basi in petiolum brevem

attenuata, plana, 12—15 mm. longa, 5—6 mm. lata vel in ramis sterilibus

interdum valde ampliata (30—40 mm. longa, 12—15 mm. lata), facie

viridia, appresse pilosa, dorso dense albo-sericea, costa tenui, nervis plane

inconspicuis. Flores in cincinnis racemiformibus 5—7-floribus foliatis

demum ad 3 cm. elongatis ; folia floralia superiora multo angustiora, summa

saepe admodum redacta; pedicelli brevissimi. Calyx 6—8 mm. longus, fere

ad basin in segmenta anguste linearia subaequalia vel aequalia incano-

sericea fissus. Corollain alabastro rosea, aperta caerulea, extus sericeo-villosa,

15—18 mm. longa; tubus 9—12 mm. longus, intus glaber; limbus late

campanulatus, ore efornicatus, 7—9 mm. diametro, lobis rotundato-ovatis.

Stamina infra tubi os ipsum inserta, antheris subsessilibus 1°5 mm. longis.

Stylus 11—13 mm. longus; stigma minute 2—lobum. WNuculae oblique

ovoideae, obtuse subacuminatae, facie carinatae, dorso latae, 3 mm. longae,

griseo-albae, laevissimae, nitidissimae, basi oblique truncatae, circa stipitem

brevissimum profunde exaratae. DC Prodr. X. 81 (1846); Gren. & Godr.,

Fl. France IT. 518 (1850); Willk. & Lange, Fl. Hisp. IT. 500 (1870) et Suppl.

165( 1893); Vayreda in Anal.’Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. VIII. 460, t. x. (1879);

Bubani, Fl. Pyr. I. 485 (1897); Coste, Fl. France IT. 588, c. fig. (1903) ;

Rouy & Fouc., Fl. France X. 344 (1908) ; Lithodora oleifolia, Griseb., Fl.

Rum. IT. 531 (1844).

L. oleifolium is a low prostrate shrub of the habit of

L. diffusum, but with flat oblong or elliptic oblong

leaf-blades which are 12 to 15 mm. long and 5 to 6 mm.

broad, or occasionally on barren shoots, twice as long

and broad, and densely whitish-silky on the back. ‘The

flowers are arranged in 5- to 7-flowered leafy scorpioid.

cymes which finally lengthen out to 3 cm. The calyx

is 6 to 8 mm. long and cleft almost to the base into narrow

linear hairy segments. The sky-blue corolla is 15 to 18

mm. long and silkily villous outside, but quite glabrous

inside ; its tube is much longer (by about 6 mm.) than

the bell-shaped limb which is 7 to 9 mm. wide and deeply

divided into 5 round lobes. The stamens are inserted

below the mouth of the tube, the anthers not exceeding

it. The style is 11,to 13 mm. long and bears a minute

2-lobed stigma. The porcelain-like whitish nutlets are

obliquely egg-shaped with a sharp keel on the face

and a broad perfectly smooth back and measure 3 mm.

by 2-2°5 mm.

DISTRIBUTION. Catalonia, very rare, in crevices of

rocks in the Pyrenees.

The species figured in the accompanying plate

resembles very much in general appearance the well-

known L. diffusum (L. prostratum of many authors),

but it is perfectly distinct in the leaves (see above), the

relatively long calyx, the lighter blue of the corolla,

which is quite glabrous in the throat, the higher insertion

of the stamens and the 2-lobed stigma. It is extremely

limited in its distribution, its area being confined to a

few square kilometers on the Spanish side of the Hastern

Pyrenees. Here it was discovered in 1814 by M. Xatard,

a Justice of the Peace at Prats de Mollo (Dept. Pyr. Or.).

He found it growing in the crevices of rocks above the

chapel of San Aniol de Uiga on the banks of the stream

Cauméla which through the Rio de Aniol and the river

Llera drains ultimately into the Fluvia. Vayreda says

it is also abundant on the shady cliffs of the “‘ Toy de las

Valls” between Manos and Talaxa, about 3 km. to the

south-west of San Aniol. A further station is quoted

by him as “rocks in the Campo de Bassagoda’”’ to the

south-east of San Aniol. The fact that San Aniol was

on certain labels described as “‘ prés de Prats de Mollo”

—it is actually situated 13 km. to the south-east of the

town of this name—led to the assumption that the

plant grew on French territory and to its inclusion

in certain French floras.

It is very rare in gardens and we are greatly obliged

to Miss Willmott for the communication of specimens

which enabled us to include this beautiful plant in the

pages of the Botanical Magazine. Miss Willmott cannot

trace the origin of her plant which she has had for twenty-

five years and which measures now | m. across with a height

of from 12 to 15 cm, It flowers with her abundantly in

May and June. According to her experience it should

be given a well-drained position in the rock-garden and

be protected from excessive moisture. Jt appreciates

old mortar-rubble and may be propagated from cuttings

or divisions or raised from seed.

L. oleifolium belongs to a well-characterized group

of low shrubby species confined to the Mediterranean

countries. L. fruticosum and L. diffusum—the latter

more familiar in gardens under the later name JL.

prostratum—are the best-known members of it. They

are both widely distributed in the Iberian peninsula,

L. fruticosum extending beyond it to the “ olive region ”’

of southern France as far as the Var and L. diffusum

along the Atlantic coast to Cape Finisterre. L. diffuswm

has also been found at Tangiers and in the interior of

Morocco. The other species inhabit very small, and in

some cases much broken-up, areas, namely, L. conso-

brinum in Algeria (Arzeu on the coast east of Oran) ;

L. rosmarinifolia in Algiers (Bone and Bougie), Sicily

(all over) and on the cliffs of the bays of Naples and

Salerno; L. Zahn on the rocky heights of Mount

Selitsa, a western spur of the Laconian Taygetos; L.

hispidulum in Crete, Karpathos, Rhodes and Cyprus

and on the coast near Mersina in Cilicia. Although

perfectly distinct as species, these plants are closely

connected by their general facies and the structure of

the corolla. Helene Spengler* on a comparative study

of the corollas of Lithospermum has recently come to

the same conclusion. It is evident that we have here

to deal with a group which is in its last phase of evolution

and doomed to disappearance. Grisebach long. ago

recognised its wdependent position and raised it to

generic rank, under the name Lithodora. A revision

of Lithospermum which is much desired will show whether

Lithodora should not be restored as a genus. Wettstein

has already suggested the exclusion from the genus of

certain desert species (L. callosum, and L. Kotschyz), and

the South-African species will probably share their fate,

the remainder of the genus representing an entirely

boreal type. O.S.

* In Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVITI. 115 (1919).

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a dower bid with,

calyx-segments, X4; 3, longitudinal section through a ,

removed, X4; 4, a corolla cut open, x3; 5, anthers,

view, X5; 7, ‘a seed, yl

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THRYPTOMENE THYMIFOLIA.

Australia.

MyrracEaAgE. Tribe CHAMAELAUCIEAE.

THRYPTOMENE,* Endl.; Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant. 1.700; Niedenzuin Engl.

& Pranil. Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 7. 103.

Thryptomene thymifolia, Stapf (spec. nov.); T. tenellae, Benth. et T'. urceolart,

F. Muell., affinis, sed ab utraque foliis planis oblanceolato-oblongis statim

distinguenda.

Fruticulus 1 m. altus, glaberrimus, ramis gracilibus, 1unioribus subquadrangu-

laribus, cortice sub folia pallescente et demum soluto, ramulis gracillimis

5—8 em. longis oppositis. Folia oblanceolato-oblonga, obtusa vel subacuta,

plana, 6—8 mm. longa, 1°5—2 mm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, viridia, utrinque

glandulis nigricantibus minutis munita; petiolus vix ullus. Flores in

axillis foliorum ramulorum pedicellati, singuli vel 2-ni; pedicelli tenues,

1—1°5 mm. longi, cernui, cum basi receptaculi articulati et ibi cupula minuta

(vestigiis bractearum maxime caducarum) cincti. Receptaculum urceolatum,

1:6—2 mm. diametro, superne constrictum et ultra ovarii verticem in tubum

brevem productum, anthesi circa stelem parenchymate comminuto magis

minusve cavum, laeve. Sepala cum petalis plane patentia et persistentia,

petaloidea, candida, interdum levissime roseo-suffusa, orbicularia vel elliptico-

orbicularia, integra, 1-2—1:5 mm. longa. Petala orbicularia, basi breviter

contracta, circiter 1 mm. diametro, colore sepalorum. Stamina 5, cum

petalis alternantia ; antherae e filamento brevissimo cernuae, 0°6 mm. latae,

purpureo-brunneae thecis alte liberis subglobosis, connectivo breviter

elongato incurvo apice glanduloso superatis poro vel rima_ brevi

dehiscentibus. Discus scutellaris, aurantiacus. Ovartt loculus in

receptaculo superiore situs et in eius cavitate quasi stipitatis, 2-ovulatus ;

ovula collateralia, fere e basi orta, depresso-ellipsoidea, funiculo

brevissimo, rhaphe in pulvinulum incrassata; stylus vix 0°'4 mm. longus.

Fructus ignotus.

Thryptomene thymifolia is a small aromatic perfectly

glabrous shrub with long slender main branches and shorter

and still slenderer opposite branchlets which bear the

bulk of the leaves and the flowers. The rather crowded

and almost sessile leaves are inversely oblong from a

shortly narrowed base, more or less blunt and_ flat,

measuring 6 to 8 mm. by 1°5 to 2 mm. ; they are thinly

leathery, dark-green and dotted with dark glands on

both sides. The flowers are borne on very short slender

curved stalks, either singly or in pairs. The receptacle

has the shape of a short urn and is 1°6 to almost 2 mm.

* The name was probably meant to allude to the dainty or delicate appear-

ance of the plant on which Endlicher based the genus, namely T. australis.

in diameter, with a distinct constriction in the upper

part and a short tube above it; it is neither ribbed nor

pitted. The milk-white and almost orbicular sepals and

the similar, but slightly smaller, petals spread flatly from

the rim of the receptacle, the sepals being up to over

15 mm. wide. The 5 stamens alternate with the petals

and curve inwards and downwards over the top of the

ovary, their minute anthers consisting of two almost

globular halves with a short horn-like incurved continua-

tion of the connective above them. ‘The 1-celled ovary

which is immersed in the receptacle contains 2 ovules —

rising side by side from near the base.

DISTRIBUTION.—See below.

This is one of the numerous shrubs of the heather-type |

which are so characteristic of West- and South-Australia

and often mimic each other bewilderingly in their general

appearance, even including the flowers, although the

more intimate structure of the latter may be very different.

The specimen, a branch of which is depicted here, was

raised at the R. Botanic Garden at Edinburgh from seed

received from the Botanic Garden at Melbourne under

the name Thryptomene Mitchelrana in 1920, but the

earlier history of the seed is unknown. It is quite clear

that, apart from reasons of nomenclature,* the name

T’. Mitcheliana is inapplicable, as the species to which

that name was given has an elongated obconical recep-

tacle and smaller more fleshy sepals and petals which

are obliquely erect in the open flower and close up when

maturing. The mistake is probably due to the resem-

blance of the foliage of the two species which is indeed

considerable. The affinity lies rather with 7’. tenella and

T’. urceolaris, two West-Australian species having very

similar flowers, but at the same time possessing small

terete leaves with spinulous tips.

The genus T'hryptomene comprises over 20 species, all

natives of Australia. It is by no means uniform, and

this has led to confusion with Baeckea and Micromyrtus

and to the description of new genera which were sub-

sequently sunk in T'hryptomene. Even as late as 1905

* See footnote under 7’. calycina, two pages on.

we find Diels and Pritzel, who had an opportunity of

studying the genus in the field, insisting on the obscurity

of our conception of the genus and of its species. This

obscurity resolves itself largely if we register the species

by the groups in which they present themselves by the

ensemble of their floral characters. The following key

is intended to illustrate this as far as the more conspicuous

features are concerned.

Stamens 10

Receptacle glaucous, obconical with deep longitudinal grooves, not produced

beyond the top of the ovary; sepals spreading, scarious, rather large ;

petals loosely arching over the top of the ovary, at length scarious and

closing up; sepals and petals persisting :

Sect. I. Eu-THRYPTOMENE, comprising the species mucronulata, aus-

tralis, prolifera, Johnson, Dielsiana and aspera (2); all

West-Australian.

Receptacle glaucous, shortly top-shaped, pitted or with prominent confluent

wrinkles, not produced above the top of the ovary; sepals more or less

scarious, usually shorter than the petals, both spreading at the height of

flowering, then the sepals sharply bent in over the top of the ovary whilst

the petals erect themselves and are at length shed, never becoming scarious :

Sect. II. AstRAEA (genus Astraea, Schauer; Hremopyzxis, Baill.), com-

prising the species saxicola, stenophylla, hyporhytis, dentt-

culata, racemosula, blaeckeacea, strongylophylla; all West-

Australian.

Stamens 5

Receptacle glaucous, shortly top-shaped, longitudinally grooved, not pro-

duced beyond the top of the ovary ; sepals and petals as in Hu-Thryptomene

but smaller :

Sect. III. OLIGANDRON, only species oligandron; Tropical-Australian.

Receptacle pale green or purplish, smooth, urn-shaped, conspicuously con-

stricted above and produced beyond the constriction into a short tube ;

sepals and petals spreading flatly, at length scarious, not closing up:

Sect. [V. THryproca.pPE, comprising the species tenella,* urceolarts and

thymifolia; the first two West-Australian, the last of un-

certain origin.

_ Receptacle dark-purple, oblong-obconical, mostly 5-ribbed, not or only

obscurely constricted above, produced beyond the ovary into a short tube ;

sepals and petals obliquely erect in the open flower, closing up afterwards,

never scarious :

* T. tenella was placed by Bentham in Flora Australiensis with the decandrous

Species; but in the text he says that the anthers had fallen off in the specimens

examined by him. This is so, but the filaments are preserved, and there are

always clearly only 5 of them present.

Sect. V. PARYPHANTHA (genus Paryphantha, Schauer), comprising the

species calycina,* Miqueliana, micrantha, ericea and Elliotit ;

natives of South-Australia, Victoria, Tasmania and possibly

New South Wales.

Beside the species included in the key above, thirteen

more have been described as species of Thryptomene. As

far as I have seen them or am able to interpret their

descriptions they seem to me to be mostly referable to

Micromyrtus or to represent types distinct from this genus —

and from Thryptomene. Of the sections recognised Pary-

phantha is the most aberrant and it may in the future

have to be restored to generic rank. |

Diels and Pritzel observe that most of the West-'

Australian species grow in loamy or half-loamy soil,

others (in the interior) in more or less sandy soil or in pure

sand. They often grow gregariously and associations of

species having small linear or cylindrical leaves recall

then our calluna-heath. Thryptomene requires green-

house treatment, such as is given to Leptospermum,

Callistemon and similar other Australian Myrtaceae.

T’. thymifolia, Professor W. Wright Smith writes, is a

free-growing shrubby plant which will flower very freely

if given plenty of sun to ripen the many young shoots

produced during the summer months. As most of the

other species also flower abundantly and the very pretty

flowers last a long time, the genus deserves more attention

than it has received so far in horticulture. O.8.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a part of a leafy branch, <7;

3, a flower, x6; 4, the same in longitudinal section, x 10; 5, an anther, x 30.

* This is the species on which Schauer based the genus Paryphantha (1843)

and which he named P. Mitchelliana after its discoverer T. Mitchell, the Aus-

tralian explorer. Ferdinand von Mueller transferred it subsequently to

Thryptomene. 'The plant, however, was already described in 1839 by Lindley

in Mitchell’s “‘ Three Expeditions into the interior of Australia,’ IT. 190,

as Baeckea calycina; hence my new combination. Lindley’s and Schauer’s

specimens were collected by Mitchell in 1838 (22nd July) on Mount Arapiles,

N.N.W. of the Grampian Mountains of Victoria, and he refers to them in his

book as “a handsome evergreen bush, the ends of whose graceful branches were

loosely covered with small delicate flowers.’”’ But there is another specimen of

the same species in the Kew Herbarium from Cunningham’s Herbarium with the

annotation ‘‘ New South Wales, Mitchell’s Expedition, 1835.’’ This was his

expedition to the upper Darlington River which was entirely in what is at present

the territory of New South Wales.

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EPIDENDRUM CRISTOBALENSE.

Central America.

ORCHIDACEAE, ‘Tribe LAELIINAE.

EPIpENDRUM, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. U1. 528; Pfitzer in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. Il. 6. 144.

Epidendrum cristobalense, Ames, Sched. Orchid. No. 4. 38 (1923); affine

E. Laucheano, Rolfe, sed floribus maioribus, sepalis petalisque latioribus magis.

obtusis et uti labellum crassissime carnosis distat.

Caules plures e rhizomate repente erecti, 30 cm. alti, foliosi, ultra medium teretes,

deinde compressi vel omnino applanati et tunc ad 8 mm. lati. Folia ad

11 cum quoque caule, arcte vaginantia, vaginis internodiis longioribus saepe

rubescentibus ; laminae patentes, e basi rotundata amplexicauli lineari-

lanceolatae, longissime in apicem acutum attenuatae, longiores ad 19 cm.

longae, 8—13 mm. latae, coriaceae, rigidae, virides, costa facie impressa,

dorso plana. Racemt e pedunculo caulem continuente spatheato ultra

10 cm. longo penduli, multiflori, 30—50 cm. longi; spathae inferiores

3—4 virides, foliaceae, equitantes, lineari-lanceolatae vel lineares, acutissimae,

7—5 cm. longae, 5—6 mm. latae, summae admodum redactae, subulatae.

Flores circiter 1 cm. distantes, crassissime carnosi, bracteis lineari-triangu-

laribus acutissimis 3—4 mm. longis suffulti. Receptaculum cylindricum,

sursum paulo ampliatum cum pedicello brevi 6—7 cm. longum. Sepala

elliptico-oblonga, basin versus paulo angustiora, apice rotundata, salmoneo-

fulva, 9mm. longa, 5—5°5 mm. lata, lateralia patentia, facie leviter convexa,

summum erectum, facie leviter concavum. Petala spatulata, reftexa, ad

8 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, eodem colore et substantia ac sepala. Labellum

late cordatum, e sinu unguiculatum, ungue pro maxima parte secundum

margines columnae ita adnato ut tubus angustus efficiatur, lamina apice

emarginata subconduplicata 8 mm. longa olivacea, callo mediano crasso

laevi. Coluwmna brevis, crassa, apice ad latera utrinque dente curvato brevi

aucta. Anthera semiglobosa, breviter acuminata ; pollinia 4, cerea, oblonga,

ea cuiusque loculi per paria connexa, 0°35 mm. longa,

——

The slender or, when flowering, somewhat stouter stems

of this orchid rise from a creeping rhizome to 20-30 cm.,

bearing up to 11 tightly sheathing leaves whose linear-

lanceolate long-tapering blades stand out at approxi-

mately right angles; they are stiff, leathery, bright

green and measure up to 19 cm. by 8 to 13 mm. The

remarkably fleshy or waxy flowers are borne on pendu-

lous racemes often of great length (30 to 50 cm.) which

are supported by an erect peduncle sheathed in the lower

part by 3 to 4 equitant leaf-like linear-lanceolate or

linear spathes followed higher up by short, very narrow

rudimentary spathes; the bracts at the base of the

flowers are only 3 to 4 mm. long and narrowly lanceolate.

The sepals are elliptic-oblong, very obtuse at the tip and

slightly narrowed at the base and measure 9 mm. by

5 to 5°55 mm., the uppermost being erect whilst the

lateral spread downwards. The reflexed petals are

spatulate, smaller than the sepals (8 mm. by 2 mm.), but

of the same salmon-pink to tawny colour. The lip is

olive-green, broadly heart-shaped and slightly notched,

with the sides turned-up, smooth on the inside and 8 mm.

long. ‘The column, which is joined in the front to the lip,

is short, stout and carries on each side of the anther a

small curved tooth. 7

DISTRIBUTION.—Costarica, in hedges on the mountains

round Cartago, between 1,500 and 2,400 m.

This quaint and very striking orchid was discovered

by Mr. C. H. Lankester, to whom we owe so much of our

recent knowledge of the flora of Costarica, in the hedges

of the Matomora District on the north-western slope of

the volcano Irazu in 1918. More recently it has also

been found by him on the highland of San Cristobal to

the south-west of Cartago. He sent specimens of the

plant to Kew in 1920 and from one of them the present

plate was prepared last year. The plants are grown in

the intermediate house and share the general treatment

of the orchids of that house. The flowers remained in

good condition for several weeks.

The close affinity of our plant with H. Laucheanum,

which was introduced by F. Sanders & Co. over thirty

years ago from, so it is assumed, Popayan in Southern

Colombia, is evident, but their wider affinity is doubtful,

except in so far as both species may be referred to

Lindley’s Division Spathium. The genus Hpidendrum

which numbers at present between 700 and 800 species of

the most varying aspect, is in so chaotic a condition that

it is idle to speak of affinities except within narrow

groups. O.58.

Fig. 1, habit-figure, x4; 2, upper part of a flowering stem with the base

of the raceme, nat. size; 3, upper part of the same raceme, nat. size: 4, flower

in front view, x2; 5, flower in side view, with one half of the lip cut away, so

that the callus is seen with the other half of the lip behind it, x2; 6, blade of

the lip, flattened out, in back view, x2; 7, column with anther, x5; 8, an

anther in front view, x 8.

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LAVATERA BICOLOR.

South Hurope.

MALVACEAE. Tribe MALVEAR.

LavaterA, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 1. 200; K. Schum. in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 6. 39.

Lavatera bicolor, Rowy (‘‘ pro subspecie L. maritimae ’’) in Morot, Journ. de Bot.

XI. 86 (1897) et (“‘subspec.”’) in Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. de France, IV. 46 (1897) ;

L. maritimae, Gouan, arcte affinis, sed omnibus partibus multo laxius pilosis

(minime pannosis), foliis multo maioribus viridibus vel subgriseo-viridibus

profundius lobatis longius petiolatis, floribus maioribus.

Fruiex ultra 1 m. altus, e ramis elongatis multiramulosus; rami ramulique

juniores virides, stellato-pilosi, vetustiores cinerascentes, cortice demum

minute reticulato-lamellato. Fol’a petiolo gracili tenuiter stellato-furfuraceo

2—7 ecm. longo suffulta; lamina ambitu suborbicularis, basi cordata sinu

ad 1°5 cm. alto vel subtruncata, ad } (raro ultra) 5-lobata lobis superioribus

late ovatis vel triangularibus acutis crenatis infimis brevioribus vel

brevissimis, 3°5—75 cm. longa, 4—10 em. lata, facie viridis vel

subgriseo-viridis, pilis stellatis radiorum longitudine distantibus conspersa,

dorso pallidior pilis magis approximatis, 5- vel sub-7-nervis; stipulae

lineares, acuminatae, ad 8 mm. longae, caducae. Flores in axillis foliorum

solitarii, raro geminati; pedicelli graciles, 2—3 cm. longi, maturitate ad

4 cm. accrescentes, indumento eodem ac ramuli; bracteae epicalycis 3,

brevissime connatae, elliptico-ovatae, acutae vel breviter acuminatae,

8—13 mm. longae, 4—7 mm. latae, subgriseo-virides, extra stellato-pilosae,

intra praeter margines tomentosos pilis minutis parce pubescentes. Calyx

campanulatus, 13—15 mm. longus, ad medium 5—10 mm. latus, lobis ovatis

acutis vel apiculato-acuminatis, extra indumento epicalycis nisi pilis stellatis

maioribus densioribus, intra glaber. Petala ima basi connata, ex ungue

anguste cuneato ad 8 mm. longo cordato-obovata, eo incluso 3—3°5 cm.

longa, 2°5—3 cm. lata, alba vel dilute rosea vel lilacina, ex ungue saturate

purpureo basi ad margines dense albo-barbato pulchre longe purpureo-

venosa. Staminum tubus ultra 1 cm. longus, purpureus, albo-hirtus ;

filamenta libera, atropurpurea, 4mm. longa; antherae pallidae. Stigmata

circiter 10, demum ad 1 cm. longa. Carpophorum post anthesin apice

styli basi bulbose incrassata carpella superante primo laevi tandem sulcata

coronatum, maturum inter carpella cornuto-cristatum. Mericarpia pallida

vel fusca, dorso utrinque acute carinata, ad latera et inter carinas magis

minusve rugoso-nervosa. Semina reniformia, atro-fusca, 4 mm. longa.

?L. bicolor (nomen), Shuttlew. in Huet, Cat. Pl. Provence, 28 (1889) ;

L. maritima, J. E. Planchon in Fl. des Serres, X. t. 1007 (1854-55), non

Gouan.

This is an erect shrub from 4 to over 1 m. high with

long branches bearing numerous short branchlets, all,

when young, like the foliage pale-green with a faint

greyish hue owing to the presence of minute 6- to 10-

rayed stellate hairs which stand apart by the length of

the rays or little less. The leaves are borne on slender

stalks 2 to 7 cm. long; their blades are approximately

round in outline with a truncate or cordate base and 5

broad acute crenate lobes, and they measure 3°5 to

75cm. by 4to 10cm. The flowers rise singly (rarely in

pairs) from the axils of the leaves and are carried on

slender stalks 2 to 3 cm. long, their “‘ outer calyx” con-

sisting of 3 almost free elliptic-ovate acute bracts 8 to

13 mm. long. The calyx proper is bell-shaped, 13 to 15

mm. long and 5-clett to oc almost to the middle, the seg-

ments being ovate, acute and more or less apiculate ; the

colour and the hairs of the bracts and the calyx are the

same as those of the leaves. The petals which are united at

the very base are broadly heart-shaped with a long and

slender claw which is densely fringed with white hairs at

the base ; they measure 3—3°5 cm. by 2°5 to 3 cm. and

are white or delicately rose or mauve with long purple

veins running from the dark purple claw into the blade.

The staminal tube is dark-purple with white spreading

hairs. The bulbously thickened style base persists and

exceeds the carpels which surround it. The fruztlets are

pale or dark, sharply keeled on both sides of the back

and prominently veined between the keels and on the_

sides.

DistTRIBuTION.—French Riviera, near the Pont St.

Louis on the Italian frontier.

This handsome plant seems to have been in cultivation

for many years, mostly under no definite name. Canon

Kllacombe sent it to Kew for identification thirty years

ago and further specimens were received for the same

purpose from other sources. The affinity with the

Mediterranean L. maritima was early recognised and

eventually its identity with a plant described by M. Rouy

as L. bicolor was suggested. This identification was

recently confirmed by M. Rouy when I submitted a

specimen to him for comparison. From Flore des Serres

(t. 1007), however, it is obvious that our plant was known

in gardens long before it received the attention of the

Kew botanists. The plant depicted there is evidently

the same as the subject of this plate although the green

of the foliage is too bright. Nothing is said about its

origin in the accompanying text for which J. E. Planchon,

then at Montpellier, was responsible, but it is probable

that the plate was prepared in Belgium from a plant

grown there. However that may be, Planchon identified

it with L. maritima, remarking at the same time that the

leaves were rendered green in the plate by mistake and

adding a Latin diagnosis which fits L. maritema as Gouan

described it originally, but does not tally with the picture.

He was evidently misled in believing the latter incorrect.

To me it appears to be the work of a good artist and,

apart from the too vivid green of the leaves, a faithful

representation of our plant. A year later EK. Morren

published in Belgique Horticole VI. t.5. what seems to

be a corrected version of the same plate, combining the

flowers of the plate of the Flore des Serres with the

foliage of the true L. maritima ; but he too is silent as to

the origin of the actual plant figured. According to

Rouy, it was Aug. de Coincy, the author of “ Eclogia

Plantarum Hispanicarum,”’ who found it growing wild

at the Pont St. Louis near Menton on the French Riviera.

He also adds that a plant collected by R. J. Shuttleworth

at San Remo may be the same. It is enumerated with-

out description, as ‘“ Lavatera bicolor, Shuttlew.’? in

Huet’s Catalogue of the Plants of the Provence (1889) ;

but no specimen of L. maritima or L. bicolor from 8. Remo

can be traced in Shuttleworth’s collection which was

purchased by the British Museum in 1877. Now,

typical LZ. marituma occurs at Menton and it is not

uncommon all along the coast and its immediate hinter-

land of the French and Italian Riviera, and Moggridge

has given us a good portrait of it in his Flora.of Menton

(t. 6). It is widely distributed in the western half of the

Mediterranean coastlands, from the Bay of Genoa to

Gibraltar and from Morocco to Tunis, but it is so uni-

formly distinct from L. bicolor within this area that the

idea of the latter being merely a modification of it, con-

ditioned by the peculiarities of its habitat, cannot be

entertained; hence Rouy’s conception of it as an

elementary species (‘‘ subspecies”? of L. maritima, as

he terms it) and his application to it of a binomial name.

Considering, however, the morphological differences

and the fact that it has proved perfectly constant in

cultivation for so long and under varying condi-

tions, it seems sufficient and desirable for all practical

purposes to treat it simply as a species without any

grading qualification, whatever its genesis may be. As

to this we can only speculate at present. It may be a

relict-species at the point of disappearing or a mutant of

L. maritima or a stabilised fertile hybrid. Its occurrence

even at the Pont de St. Louis may not be truly spon-

taneous, it being possibly an escape from a garden. All

this will have to be examined on the spot ; but whatever

the result, it will not affect its horticultural value.

L. bicolor seems to be quite hardy in this country.

At Kew it flowers till very late (November) in the year

in the shelter of the eastern wall of the Temperate House. —

It is also treated as a pot-plant—the particular plant

from which our drawing was made last May is such a

pot-plant grown in the Temperate House for many years

and not more than 5 dm. high. In this state it should be

a welcome addition to the greenhouse, where it will

flower for months without requiring more than ordinary

attention. It seeds freely also out of doors, but it may

also be propagated from cuttings. O.3;

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2 and 3, hairs from the upper and

lower sides of a leaf; showing density of arrangement, x 80; 4, hairs from the

edge of a calyx-lobe, x 80; 5, claws of petals, x 2 (the hairs of the lower half

of the claws should have been shown forming a dense fringe) ; 6, staminal column,

x 2; 7, an anther X12; 8, apistil, x3; 9, an almost mature fruit, X5; 10,a

fruitlet, <3; 11, a seed, x3.

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TAB. 8998.

CALLISTACHYS OVATA.

Australia.

LEGUMINOSAE. Tribe PODALYRIEAE.

CaLuisTacHys, Vent.; Taub. in Engl. & Pranil, Nat. i esac IIT. 3. 205 (pro

parte). Oxy iosium, Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant, I. 407 (pro parte) ; Harms

in Engl. & Prantl, l. c., Nachtr. I. 200 (pro parte), non Andrews.

Callistachys ovata, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1925, emend. Stapf; arcte affinis C.

lanceolatae, Vent., sed foliis latioribus oblongo- vel ovato-lanceolatis anthesi

utrinque argenteo-sericeis, racemis valde contractis distincta.

Frutex ad 6 m. altus, ramis magis minusve rigidis teretibus leviter costatis vel

lateralibus saepe compressis vel etiam subancipitibus viridibus sericeo-

pubescentibus. Folia stipulata, petiolata, plerumque ternatim sub-

verticillata, verticillis 3—4 cm. distantibus; lamina plerumque e basi

acuta ovato-lanceolata, arcte acuminata vel ad oblongum vergens et

tune breviter acuta vel rarius obtusa, integerrima, mucrone molli sub-

penicillato terminata, 5—8 cm. longa, 1:2—2°5 cm. lata, subcoriacea,

utrinque argenteo-sericea, facie tandem calvescens et demum saepe glabra

et viridis, nervis utrinque circiter 9 intra marginem arcuatim iunctis, venis

in rete minute areolatum facie prominulum contextis ; petiolus 4mm. longus,

dense sericeus; stipulae persistentes, lineares, 4—-6 mm. longas, saepe

flexuosae, dorso sericeae, facie glabrae, basi petiolo adnatae et ibi cum eo in

pulvinum sicco nigricantem confluentes. Inflorescentiae ramos terminantes,

breviter racemosae, valde contractae, foliis superatae, pedunculo sericeo

15—5 mm. longo suffultas; bracteae caducae, lanceolatas, longe tenuiter

acuminatae, ad 7 mm. longae, fusco-virides, dorso sericeae, facie glabrae ;

pedicelli 4—5 mm. longi, argenteo-sericei, apicem versus 2-bracteolati,

bracteolis bracteis similibus nisi minoribus. Calyx persistens, alte 2-labiatus,

7—8 mm. longus, extra argenteo-sericeus, intra superne minute pubescens,

caeterum glaber; labium superum breviter 2-lobum lobis latis obliquis ;

labium inferum alte 3-fidum, lobis ovatis, intermedio latiore ; lobi omnes

penicillato-apiculati. Corolla aurea vel subaurantiaca; vexillum late

transverse ellipticum, fere reniforme, unguiculatum ungue 2 mm. longo,

lamina circiter 7°5 mm. longa 1:2 cm. lata apice subemarginata basi rubro-

striolata; alae oblique obovatae, fere truncatae, breviter unguiculatac et

auriculatae, lamina 7-5 mm. longa et ad 4 mm. lata; carinae petala dorso

connata, alis paulo breviora et iis similia. Stamina 10, libera, filamentis

8—9 mm. longis, antheris 1 mm.longis. Ovariwm breviter stipitatum, oblon-

gum, utrinque carinatum, albo-villosum, 8-ovulatum, endocarpio crasso inter-

dum ob rugas transversas haud altas quasi undulato; stylus curvatus, glaber,

circiter 5mm. longus; stigma minutum, punctiforme. Legumen stipitatum,

longe villosum, oblique oblongum, stylo coronatum, 11—13 mm. longum,

5—6 mm. latum, nigrum, apice tantum dehiscens ; mesocarpium demum

ad fasciculos vasorum transversos induratos venis laxe connexos redactum

et ab endocarpio solubile ; endocarpium durum, tenax, intra praeter tela

subepidermalia ad rugas transversas obsoletas disrupta laeve. Semina

oblique ovato-oblonga, vix reniformia, atra, nitida, 2 mm. longa, hilo annulo

circumdato. DC., Prodr. II. 104 (1825); ;Don, Gen. Syst. II. 117 (1832) ;

Spach, Hist. Nat. Veget. I. 172 (1834); Meisn. in Lehm., Plant. Preiss. I. 26

(1844). Oxylobium Callistachys, Benth., Fl. Austral. II. 16 (1864), (pro parte).

This is a shrub, up to 6 m. high, much branched and

with dense foliage. The leaves are generally arranged

‘In whorls of 3 and are silvery-silky all over or at length

glabrous on the upper side ; they are ovate-lanceolate or

almost oblong or lanceolate, taper mostly to a sharp

point and measure 5-8 cm. by 1:2-2°5 cm.; their short

silky stalks bear the persistent linear stipules near the

base. The short compact racemes of bright yellow

flowers terminate the branches and are more or less

exceeded by the uppermost leaves ; the dark lanceolate

bracts are, like the similar but smaller bractlets, early

deciduous and they are rather longer than the flower-

stalks. The persistent calyx is 7 to 8 mm. long and

deeply two-lipped with the upper lip shortly two-lobed

and the lower deeply three-cleft; it is silvery-silky

outside, but almost glabrous inside. The rounded

notched standard is wider than high (7°5 mm. by 12 mm.)

and marked with short red lines towards the clawed

base; the wings and the keel are short and very

blunt. .The shaggy ovary is obliquely oblong and con-

tains 8 ovules ; the style is curved, glabrous, about 5 mm.

long and terminated by the minute stigma. The oblong

pods are 11 to 13 mm. in length and long retain their silky-

grey shaggy covering ; they open only at the top whence

they emit the small black polished seeds which are hardly

more than 2 mm. long.

DIsTRIBUTION.—West Australia (see below).

The genus Callistachys was founded by Ventenat on

a plant grown in the garden of the Empress Josephine

at Malmaison early in the last century. It had been

raised from seed sent by Capt. Baudin from South-

western Australia and was described and illustrated by

him in his Choix des Plantes de Malmaison in 1803. A

similar plant seems to have been distributed from the

Same source and to have reached this country about

twelve years later. It was figured in this Magazine

on t. 1925 under the name C. ovata. It is represented

as having green, apparently soft and loosely hairy

obovate-lanceolate or obovate leaves with short cusps or

points, sufficiently distinct from those of the plant

figured here to arouse doubt as to its identity. As no

specimens of this original C. ovata have been preserved

and the extremely meagre description adds nothing to

the characters exhibited in the figure, it might seem that

C. ovata would have to remain a doubtful species. The

study, however, of specimens collected by R. Brown about

the same time and in the same area has convinced me

that it is reasonable to treat the plants in question as

conspecific and to establish the species of the Botanical

Magazine definitely by an emended description. R.

Brown obtained the specimens referred to, which are

indeed very similar to the subject of this plate, in King

George’s Sound in December, 1801 (distr. 4,006), and he

described them in his MS. notes under the very appro-

priate name Calistachya argentea,* reserving the specific

name lanceolata for Ventenat’s plant which he had

collected too (No. 4005). Almost forty years later

Ludwig Preiss found our plant at Albany in what was

then the Swan River Colony, and Meisner, in his elabora-

tion of Preiss’s plants, referred it to C. ovata. It has

since been repeatedly collected in that area and the plant

depicted here has no doubt the same origin. It was

raised by Major A. A. Dorrien-Smith from seed received

by him from the collector J. Staer of Waroonga, near

Sydney, in 1911.

Major Dorrien-Smith grows C. ovata at Tresco Abbey,

Isles of Scilly, and finds it hardy in favoured localities.

It grows to a height of 5 to 6 m. and flowers almost

throughout the year, but is most perfect in July. In

most parts of this country, however, C. ovata will no

doubt require the shelter of the greenhouse where the

silvery foliage and the rich golden colour of the flowers

will be most welcome. Its treatment is that of heather.

According to Major Dorrien-Smith this is the ‘ Cattle

Poison Plant”? of West-Australia, a name which is no

doubt also applied to its close congener C. lanceolata.

The poisonous principle is probably the same as that

which also renders species of allied Australian genera, such

as Oxylobium, Gastrolobium, etc., dangerous to cattle.

Bentham, in Flora Australiensis and in Genera Plant-

arum, merged. Callistachys in Oxylobium, and later authors

have generally followed him. Ozxylobiwm, however, was

based by Andrews on a plant of very different habit and pos-

sessing pods that split tothe base. Andrews figured it in his

Botanist’s Repository (t. 492), and a further picture of it

may be found in the Botanical Magazine, t. 1544. Ben-

tham himself has admitted that Callistachys differs in the

* R. Br. in his notes also described an Oxylobium argenteum from Tasmania,

This he published subsequently as O. ellipticum.

peculiar dehiscence of its pods from all other species of

Oxylobium, and Diels and Pritzel have pointed out more —

recently that it occupies an altogether isolated position

in that rather artificial g-nus. Now the dehiscence of

Callistachys is not merely a case of more or less splitting.

The union of the carpel-sutures below the mouth through

which the seeds are emitted is so complete that it is easier

to break the pod than to force it to open along the lines

along which the Oxylobiwm-pod splits. Taking this

character and the general habit of Callistachys into con-

sideration, I prefer to adhere to the earlier view according

to which Callistachys and Oxylobium are treated as

generically distinct. Callistachys in that sense is confined —

to the south-western part of West-Australia and limited

to two or three species, C’. lanceolata, C. ovata and possibly

C’. elliptica,* a very imperfectly known species proposed

by Ventenat. .

It is frequently stated in literature that Callostachys

possesses pods which are incompletely chambered by

the “intrusion of cellular tissue which often dries up

into partial transverse dissepiments ’’ (Bentham). The

actual conditions which have led to this interpretation

are these. The cavity of the ovary is lined with a thick

fleshy tissue, the outer part of which subsequently forms

the hard and extremely tough endocarp. This lining

bulges here and there slightly between the ovules, forming ~

very obscure transverse ridges. The ridges become no

more prominent on maturing, but the epidermis and the

sub-epidermal thin-walled layers not being able to keep

pace with the growth of the fibrous layer underneath

break up into irregular flakes or tear transversely along

the ridges, in which case the loosened edges may protrude

into the cavity of the pod between the seeds. In any

case no transverse septa are formed. O.8.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, nat. size; 2, upper half of calyx, X3; 3, lower

half of calyx, X3; 4, standard, x2; 5, wings, x2; 6, keel-petals, divided, x 2;

7, pistil in longitudinal section, x5; 8, transverse section through pistil, x 12 ;

9, mature pod, nat. size; 10, pod, showing skeleton of the mesocarp, X 2°53 ©

11, seed, x 9.

* This has been identified by Bentham with Oxylobiwm ellipticum of R. —

Brown ; hut if a specimen in Gay’s herbarium (now at Kew) from the Jardin de —

Luxembourg (8. VI. 1822) and written up as C. ellipticum, Vent., can be relied

upon’, Ventenat’s plant is not conspecific with R. Brown’s Oxylobium ellipticum, —

but congeneric with the original Callistachys. It may be the plant figured as —

C. retusa in Loddiges’s Botanical Cabinet, t. 1983 (not to be confused with R. —

Brown’s O. retusum). ;

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TAB. 8999.

COTONEASTER SALICIFOLIA.

China.

POMACEAE. Tribe CRATAEGEAE.

CoTronEAsTER, Medik.: Benth & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 627; Focke in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 3. 21.

Cotoneaster salicifolia, Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2. VIII.

225 (1886) et Plant. David. TI. 43 (1888); arcte affinis C. rugosae, Pritzel, sed

foliis anguste lanceolatis in dorso etiam maturitate tomentosis, floribus fructi-

busque minoribus, hisce semper globosis vel leviter depressis, pyrenis minoribus

minus obtusis differt.

Fruiex 4—6 m. altus, diffusus, ramis longis gracilibus arcuatis magis minusve

horizontalibus, iunioribus ipsis praeter apices pubescentes glabris cortice

atro-rubro laevi vel purpureo parce lenticellato tectis. Folia petiolata,

persistentia; lamina anguste lanceolata, utrinque acuta, ad marginem

recurva, 5—7 cm. longa, 1—2 ecm. lata, rarius latior, subcoriacea, utrinque

minute reticulato-rugosa, facie saepe in gemma ipsa glaberrima vel saltem

citissime glabrata, lucidula, dorso diutissime albo-floccoso-tomentosa, in

rugulis minute papillosa, nervis utrinque 12—14 obliquis facie impressis

dorso prominentibus ; petiolus 3 mm. longus, facie sulcatus et pubescens,

dorso ruber, glaber; stipulae anguste lineari-lanceolatae vel subulatae,

rubescentes, deciduae. Corymbi brachycladia 2—-4 cm. longa 3—4-foliata

terminantes, multiflori, 3—4 em. lati, incano-villosuli; pedicelli ad 3 mm.

longi; bracteae minutae, filiformes. Receptaculum turbinatum, 2 mm.

altum, incano-villosulum. Sepala late triangularia, intra glabra. Petala

patentia, rotundata, breviter lateque unguiculata, 3 mm. diametro, alba,

glaberrima. Stamina 20, filamentis maioribus ad 3 mm. longis, antheris

atro-rubris. Carpella 2 vel 3 (rarius 4), usque ad medium dorsum recep-

taculo adnata, facie libera, vertice villosula: styli 2°5 mm. longi, glabri;

ovula 2, e basi loculi collateralia. Fructus globosus, 5—-7 mm. diametro,

laete ruber, sepalis filamentis nigricantibus incumbentibus coronatus ;

pyrenae 2 vel 3 (rarius 4) ambitu ellipticae, 3 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae,

obtusae vel subacutae et apiculatae, dorso a medio liberae. Rehder and

Rehder & Wils. l.c. 173: C. Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk. IT. 1,004

(1912); V. Gibbs in Gard. Chron. LXIX. 7, fig. 4(1921); Thatcher in Gard.

Chron. LXXI. 115, fig. 56 (1922).

A shrub, about 4-6 m. high with slender widely

spreading and arching branches which are quite glabrous

except at the very tips and covered with a smooth dark-

red bark. The narrow lanceolate leaves are about

5 to 7 cm. long and 1 to 2 cm. wide; they are delicately

rugose on both sides and traversed by 12 to 14 pairs of

slanting nerves deeply sunk on the slightly glossy, deep-

ereen and glabrous upper side, but prominent on the

lower side which is covered with a permanent woolly

felt of white hairs; the leaf-stalks are very short and

in the young state flanked by awl-shaped or very

narrowly lanceolate stipules of about twice their length.

The many-flowered downy corymbs terminate short

3- to 4-leaved branchlets and are 3 to 4 cm. across.

The receptacle is shortly top-shaped, 2 mm. high and

externally greyish-downy like the triangular sepals

which are up to 1 mm. long. The white glabrous

rounded yetals spread horizontally and measure about

3 mm. in diameter. There are 20 stamens, the longest

filaments slightly exceeding the styles; the anthers are

dark-red. The 2 or 3 (rarely 4) carpels are free on the

face, but united with the receptacle on the back up to

the middle and downy above it. The bright-red globose

fruits measure 5 to 7 mm. across, the persistent sepals

inclining over the dried-up black filaments; the stones

are elliptic in outline with a blunt or minutely pointed

top and measure 3 mm. by 2—2°5 mm.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Szechuan, Mupin and Mt.

Omei and Wenchuan Hsien, 2,300—-3,000 m.

Cotoneaster salicifolia belongs to a group of species—

all natives of the upper and middle basin of the Yangtse

—of the section Chaenopetalum, the group being charac-

terized by evergreen narrowly or broadly lanceolate,

acute, moderately large leaves with nerves, which are

deeply impressed on the upper side, and with a very

fine net-work of veins whose minute meshes bulge so as

to render both surfaces of the leaf delicately rugose ;

but whilst the epidermis of the upper surface is smooth

and in the mature state mostly glabrous, that of the

lower side is always more or less minutely papillose

and, with the exception of C. glabrata, densely felted,

the felt of hairs either persisting or at length disappearing

to varying degrees. Their many-flowered corymbs are

borne on short leafy spurs and often produce a large

crop of bright-red fruits with 2-4 stones. This group

includes, in addition to our species, C. rugosa (with

C. Henryana as a synonym), C. rhytidophylla and C.

glabrata, and one or two more species may have to be

added from the unnamed material at Kew. Our plant

was discovered by Pére David at Mupin in 1869. Wilson

in 1908 collected it in the same locality and also in the

Wen-chuan district about 110 Kil. N.N.E. of Mupin at

altitudes of 2,300-3,000 m., having recorded it previously

(1904) from Mt. Omei, 8.S.E. of Mupin. In 1909 the

Arnold Arboretum distributed seeds of the Mupin plant

under No. 1333 and of the Wen-chuan plant under

No. 1333a, the numbers quoted in “‘ Plantae Wilsoniana, ”’

respectively.

Judging from the material that has come under my

observation, field-specimens as well as cultivated

specimens, I can see no tangible difference between

those two plants. M. Gagnepain, of the Museum

d’ Histoire Naturelle at Paris, was good enough to compare

portions of the branches depicted here with the original

of Franchet’s C. salicifolia and he assures me that they

agree with the latter in every respect. Rehder and

Wilson point out that Wilson’s Mupin plant (1133) has

two-stoned fruits whilst that from Wen-chuan has

fruits with three stones; but Franchet’s original, a

flowering specimen, with which Wilson identifies his

No. 1133 is described as having three styles. Further

I find that the number of stones varies in Wilson’s

specimens from two to four in the same corymb, two and

three being only the most frequent numbers respectively.

The size of the fruit is another variable element in the

Species as it is conceived here; but it is constant in the

mdividual, so that large- and small-fruited shrubs may

be distinguished. This suggests the presence of definite

fruit-strains; but I have to observe that Wilson 1133a

from the Arnold Arboretum has produced small fruits at

Kew, while the same number from the same source has

given M. Chenault,* of Orleans, large fruits. Further

observations on material whose numbering has been

carefully checked are required to settle this point which

is of some importance for the grower who will otherwise

have to rely on vegetative propagation for the preserva-

tion of those fruit-types. There is no correlation between

* Professor D. Bois, to whom I applied for information concerning the

range of variation of these forms in France and who obliged me by the remission

of specimens from M. Chenault’s nursery at Orleans, writes that M. Chenault

assures him that the seeds of those cotoneasters never gave him variations and that

in his experience the species and varieties of cotoneaster generally are quite stable,

even if grown in close proximity, whence he concludes that they are self-fertile.

the size of a fruit and the number of its stones, but twin-

stones are, as might be expected, broader and blunter

at the top than triplet- or quadruplet-stones.

C. K. Schneider was inclined to consider Franchet’s

plant as identical with Pritzel’s C. rugosa (see Bot. Mag.

t. 8694), but this differs from C. salicafolza in the shape of

the leaves, the occasionally complete evanescence of the

hair-felt on their underside, the larger and frequently

inversely ovoid fruits and their larger, nearly always

paired and very blunt stones, not to mention certain —

more minute anatomical characters of the leaf-epidermis. |

C. rugosa also appears to have a distinct distribution,

having been found so far only in Western Hupeh and

the adjoining parts of Szechuan, as far as Nan-chwan

(south of the Yangtse). It includes C. Henryana (from

the same area) as represented by the field-specimen

quoted by Rehder and Wilson as its “ type”’ and by the

other specimens cited by the authors. :

We are indebted to the Marquis of Headfort for the

communication of the material from which this plate

has been prepared. He has had the plant in his collec-

tion at Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland, for the last six years, —

having received it originally from the Botanic Gardens

at Glasnevin, where it had been raised from seed distri-

buted by the Arnold Arboretum in 1909, but whether

from Wilson 1133 or 1138a—both are in cultivation at

Glasnevin—cannot be ascertained now. C. salicifolra

is perfectly hardy in this country as well as in Ireland

and it has, as the Hon. Vicary Gibbs informs us, stood

a frost of —18° C. in his garden at Elstree, Hertfordshire,

without suffering any injury. It also thrives well in the

severer climate of the interior of France. Its graceful

habit and its copious crops of brilliantly coloured fruits,

combined with a high degree of vigour and hardiness

ought to make this shrub a common ornament otf

gardens. a Oe te

Fig. 1, a young leafy shoot, nat. size; 2, a portion of a flowering branch,

nat. size; 3, a flower without the petals x6; 4, a petal, x6; 5, a receptacle

with stamens and pistils in longitudinal section, x6; 6, a fruiting branch,

nat. size; 7, a fruit in longitudinal section, x4; 8, a stone in back- and in

face-view, X 4.

THE LIBRARY

OFTHE

DIVERSITY AF i.ains

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, LO ta wis = PP

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Tas. 9000.

AMORPHOPHALLUS CIRRIFER.

Siam.

ARACEAE. Tribe AMORPHOPHALLEAR,

AMORPHOPHALLUS, Blume; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 970; Engl. in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 3. 126 et in Pflanzenreich, IV. 23c. 61.

Amorphophallus cirrifer, Stapf (sp. nov.); inter omnes species generis organis

neutris (staminibus mutatis) filiformibus basi bulbosis inter spicam femineam

et masculam creberrimis necnon varie cum pistillis et staminibus et supra spicam

masculam ipsam et in appendice ipso ortis insignis, his notis prototypum subgeneris

novi nomine “‘ Metandrium’’ salutandi constituens.

Tuber oblongo-ellipsoideum, albidum, 9 cm. longum, 4°5 em. diametro. Folium

solitarium, petiolo circiter 12 cm. longo basi cataphyllis membranaceis

paucis acutis (summo angusto ad 9 cm. longo) cincto purpureo- et albo-

marmorato suffultum ; lamina 3-secta, segmentis ad 25 cm. longis dicho-

tomis infra et supra dichotomiam pinnatisectis, pinnis inferioribus 2-vel

4-nis ad 7 cm. longis superioribus valde inaequalibus, maioribus ad 13 cm.

longis ad 5 cm. latis, omnibus elliptico-oblongis vel oblongis longe tenuiter

acuminatis basi acutis (rarius obtusis) et magis minusve in rhachi decurrenti-

bus margine crispulis. Pedunculus basi cataphyllis 4 cinctus, circiter

3—4 cm. longus, 5 mm. diametro, viridis; cataphylla superiora lineari-

oblonga, purpurascentia, summum ad 9 cm. longum. Spatha basi in

tubum obovoideum 2—3 cm. altum 2°5-3°5 cm. latum convoluta, ad tubi

ostium constricta, deinde in laminam ostium cingentem late ovatam acute

acuminatam angulo fere recto patentem 7—11 cm. longam 5—7:5 cm.

latam explanata ; tubus extra albidus vel virescens et rubro-venosus, intra

in fundo atro-purpureus et corrugatus vel verrucosus, ostium versus albo-

marmoratus; lamina in dorso luride vinosa necnon viridi-maculata, in

facie antice ad latera rubro- vel fusco-purpurea et albo-maculata, caeterum

atro-vinosa et hincinde rubro-maculata. Spadix longissime exsertus; a

basi florigera ; inflorescentia cylindrica 3—3:5 cm. longa, fere 1 cm. diametro,

parte inferiore 92 8—13 mm. longa copiose crinita, parte superiore g 20—22

mm. longa sparse vel sparsissime crinita, zona intermedia neutra 2—2°5 mm.

longa bene crinita. Flores 3: stamina plerumque 5-na in acervulos flores

constituentes disposita vel sine ordine inferne arcte superne laxius aggregata ;

antherae sessiles, ambitu irregulariter ellipsoideae vel prismaticae, 0°7—0°8

mm. longae, apice obtusissimo poris 2-nis linearibus saepe confluentibus

et tunc lunatis purpureo-marginatis dehiscentes. Flores 9: ovarium

sessile, globosum vel ellipsoideum, plerumque subbilobum, 1—1:2 mm.

altum, albidum, 2-loculare; stigma sessile, discoideum, orbiculare vel

suborbiculare, cinereo-papillosum, centro apiculo minuto atro vel apiculis

2—nis excentricis notatum et sulco ex apiculo ad marginem currente magis

minusve imperfecte 2-lobum; ovulum solitarium, e basi loculi ascendens.

Organa neutra e basi bulbosa criniformia, ad 1 cm. longa, flexuosa, patentia,

purpurea, in spica 9 1—4 cum ovario quoque, in zona intermedia saepe in

acervulos more staminum aggregata. Appendix e basi ampliata ad 3 cm.

crassa subulatim attenuata, 15—40 cm. longa, curvata vel. flexuosa,

ascendens vel angulo recto patens.

A. cirrifer possesses a whitish tuber of the size and

Shape of a small fist which produces when full grown

an inflorescence followed by a solitary leaf after which

a prolonged resting period sets in. The leaf is borne on

a stalk about 12 cm. high and prettily mottled with

purple and white. The blade consists of 3 forked

segments bearing long and finely acuminate elliptic-

oblong or oblong leaflets increasing in size upwards,

the longest measuring up to 138 cm. by 5 cm. The

wnflorescence is raised above the ground 2 or 3 cm. ; its

spathe is twisted below into an inversely ovoid tube

2 to 3cm. high and as wide or slightly wider and expanded

above it into a broadly ovate acuminate blade which

clasps the mouth of the tube completely and stands off

almost horizontally ; it measures 7 to 11 cm. by 5 to

75 cm.; for its complicated colouring we refer to the

plate. The spike proper is shortly exserted from the

spathe-tube and continued into a curved or flexuous

dark livid-purple appendage which tapers from a more

or less inflated base (1°5 to 3 cm. wide) to a long drawn

out point and attains to up to 40 cm. in length, forming

an obtuse or almost right angle with the spike proper ;

the female (lower) and male sections of the spike are 8 to_

13 mm. and 20 to 22 mm. long respectively and separated

by a very short neuter zone; this and the female section

bear numerous purple hair-like processes up to 1 em. long

and spreading horizontally, such processes also occurring

sparingly in the male section and on the appendage.

The male flowers are reduced to sessile anthers which

open by terminal purple-edged pores and are often

grouped into clusters of 5 or arranged more or less

irregularly. The ovaries are sessile, globose and crowned

by a sessile disc-shaped stigma with a dark centric or

two excentric dark points.

DISTRIBUTION.—Siam, probably near Bangkok.

This quaint species was received at Kew from Dr. Kerr

of Chiengmay, Siam, in 1922 with the note “ Bangkok.”

It flowered first in the middle of April of this year when

the drawing reproduced here was made, the inflorescence

being succeeded by a solitary leaf. Other tubers of the

same consignment have so far produced only leaves

except one which flowered at the end of April, the

inflorescence being exactly like the first but for its

considerably larger size.* Whilst the general appearance

of the inflorescence as well as that of the leaf is distinctly

of the Amorphophallus-type, the presence of numerous

thread-like spreading bodies with bulbous bases between

the male and female sections of the spike and, to a lesser

extent, within those sections and sparingly also above

them is distinctly a feature not observed so far in the

genus, unless we accept them as homologous with the hair-

like ‘‘emergences”’ of the appendix of A. hirtus. Their

occasional arrangement in a whorl around the pistil and

in clusters in the interval between the male and female

sections of the spike, when in arrangement they resemble

the clusters of stamens in the male section, demonstrates

their staminodial nature although the modification has

gone very far indeed. ‘They also occur sparingly towards

and on the base of the appendix and even higher up on

the latter. This is not surprising if we consider that the

inflorescences of the Amorphophalleae show, above the

female spike, a complete series of transitions from purely

male spikes to spikes male in the lower part and barren

above, either (1) with the male flowers or their stamens

replaced by ‘“ emergences ’’—more or less club-shaped,

prismatic or discoid (Pseudohydrosme, Thomsonia,

Pseudodraconium)—or (2) with the male flowers altogether

suppressed and the barren part transformed into an

“appendix ”’ often considerably differentiated from the

part which has retained its sexual functions. Engler

has also claimed, probably rightly, staminodial character

for the loosely scattered hair-like emergences of the

appendix and of the neutral interval of the spike of

A. hirtus, a Formosan species described by Mr. N. E.

Brown. However in none of those instances have the

emergences been observed to occupy positions which

mark them so clearly as staminodes as in A. cirrifer,

particularly in the female section of the spike. Ié

appears therefore that the female spike of A. cirrifer has

preserved traces of the hermaphroditism of the more

primitive genera of the Amorphophalleae, whilst the

* The dimensions of this second inflorescence were:—length of the tube of

the spathe 3 cm. ; blade of spathe 10 cm. by 7°5 cm. ; length of the spike up to

the appendix 3°5 cm.; length of the appendix 39 em.; greatest width of the

same 3 cm.

remainder of the spike has experienced as complete a -

differentiation into a sexual and an asexual part as any

of the Amorphophalli. It may next be asked whether

A. cirrifer should not with A. hirtws be placed in one

section or subgenus (Dysamorphophallus, Engl.) ; but to

my mind the facies of the two plants is so different as to

suggest evolution on other lines. I consider with Engler

the sections Dracontiopsis (West-African), Hydrosme

(Tropical African), Cundarum, including Cundaropsis

(Indo-Malayan) as natural geographically delimited

groups within the genus. To these I would add Synan-

thervas, including Raphiophallus (Deccan and Ceylon). —

The bulk of the genus, however, corresponding to Engler’s —

section Conophallus, with the monotypic groups Rapyon-

kos and Jnterrwptiflorus thrown in, requires further

scrutiny betore we can speak of it as a homogeneous

phylum. It is within this section that we may expect a

linkage with our plant and with A. hirtus.

A. cirrifer is grown at Kew along with other amorpho-

phalluses in a warm range with a minimum temperature

of 15 to 16° C. (60° F.). The inflorescences remain open —

about a week whilst the leaves which unfold very slowly

last over two months. They emit like those of other

species of the genus a somewhat offensive fetid smell.

O.S.

Fig. 1, a tuber, X$; 2, aleaf, x4; 3; aleaflet, nat. size; 4, an inflorescence,

nat. size; 5, half a spathe, seen from within, nat. size; 6, a spadix with the

appendix cut off, nat. size; 7, a crowded cluster of anthers, x5; 8, an anther

of staminodes from the “‘ neutral’? zone, <x 10; 11, a whorl of staminodes, surround-

ing the scar of a pistil which has been cut out, X10; 12 and 13, pistils with

odd staminodes, x6; 14, a pistil in top view, X10; 15, the same in section, —

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RHODODENDRON CALOSTROTUM.

Burma.

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE,

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 599; Drude in

Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf., IV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron calostrotum, Balf. f. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. XIII. 35, 242

(1921); &. prosirato, W. W. Smith (v. Bot. Mag., t. 8747) et R. charidoti, Balf.

f. et Farrer, sed ab utroque foliorum setis paucioribus diutius persistentibus,

pedicellis evillosis, corolla paulo maiore fere rotata necnon ramulorum pedicel-

lorumque squamulis pro parte longiuscule stipitatis distinctum.

Fruticulus nanus, 5—20 cm. altus, interdum solo adpressus et tunc ramis florenti-

bus solis erectis ; rami primo flavidi, dense hirsuti et insuper squamis longe

stipitatis vestiti, deinde glabrati, rufescentes vel cinerascentes. Folia

brevissime petiolata; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, basi obtusa,

apice rotundata et interdum minute apiculata, margine subrecurva, ad

1:5 cm. longa, rarius longior, ad 1 cm. lata, subcoriacea, facie primo sub-

glaucé-viridis, deinde atro- vel fusco-viridis vel hieme russo-olivacea, pallide

lepidota squamulis magis minusve contiguis neque imbricatis, dorso primo

griseo-salmonea, demum ferruginea, imbricatim lepidota squamulis aliis

sessilibus aliis stipitatis, margine setoso-ciliata ciliis 1—1‘5 mm. longis.

Gemmae fertiles terminales, ovoideae, obtusae; perulae rotundato-ovatae,

extimae olivaceo-virides, apice foliosae, dense lepidotae, superne setoso-

ciliatae, intimae demum cinnamomeae, cum bracteis similibus longe persisten-

tes. lores plerumque 2-ni, pedunculo brevissimo inter pedicellos setas

nonnullas crassiusculas flavidas gerente suffulti ; pedicelli graciles, circiter

15 cm. longi, rubro-purpurascentes, squamis aliis subsessilibus aliis

stipitatis vestiti. Calyx late cupularis, ad 8 mm. longus, alte 5-partitus,

extra basi dense albo-lepidotus ; lobi late ovati, obtusi, superne late rubro-

purpurascentes, dorso ad medium lepidoti, caeterum pilosuli et molliter

- rubro-ciliati. Corolla fere rotata, 4—4°5 cm. diametro, rosea vel roseo-purpu-

rea, postice parce purpureo-maculata, antice ad 5, postice ad 8 mm. a basi

partita, extra tenuiter pilosula, intra in fundo dense brevissime pubescens;

lobi late rotundati, subcrenulati, circiter 1:5 cm. lati. Stamina 10; fila-

menta rubro-purpurea, longiora ad 9 mm. longa, omnia supra basin per

2 mm. dense penicillato-villosa, villis purpureo-lilacinis; antherae ferru-

gineae, 3°5 mm. longae. Ovariwm ovoideum, viride, imbricate lepidotum,

5-loculare ; stylus rubro-purpureus, 13—14 mm. longus, leviter curvatus,

-glaber vel ima basi pilosulus; stigma discoideum, minute lobulatum.

_ Stevenson, Rhod. F. K. Ward, 14, 21 (1923) ; Wilding, Rhod., 14 (1923).

A dwarf shrublet with more or less intricate branches

which when quite young are densely covered with

yellowish chaff-like hairs, intermixed with sessile and

with stipitate scales. The very shortly stalked leathery

leaf-blades are oblong-elliptic and blunt or rounded at

both ends with the margins slightly recurved and ciliate,

and they measure about 1°5 cm. by up tol cm.; they are

at first light green or almost glaucous on the face with

numerous scales, turning eventually dark-green or in the

winter russet, whilst the reddish-brown back is covered

with a close layer of scales, partly sessile and partly

stipitate. The flowers arise mostly in pairs from short

egg-shaped olive-green buds, the innermost of whose

scales persist long together with the similar bracts at the

base of the pedicels; these are about 1°5 cm. long and

covered with a white scurf. The cup-shaped calyx. is

about 8 mm. long and densely white-scaly in the lower

green part, whilst the broad-ovate lobes are purplish up-

wards and finely downy towards the margins and softly

ciliate. The large almost flat corolla-limb (4 cm. diameter)

is placed more or less vertically with the longer of the

10 stamens (filaments 8-9 mm. long) and the purple.

style (13-14 mm. long) jutting out from it; it is, like

the wide shallow base of the corolla, pink with a flush of

purple that increases with age, finely and loosely downy

outside and delicately velvety at the base inside. The

red-purple filaments bear a dense tuft of soft lilac hairs

near the base. The 5-celled ovary is green and densely

covered with whitish scales.

DiIsTRIBUTION.—North-east Burma; alpine zone of

the Irawadi-Salween watershed and its outlying spurs,

3,700-4,000 m., at about 26 N. Lat. |

In the Gardeners’ Chronicle of November 22nd and

December 6th, 1919, Reginald Farrer gives a vivid

account of his visit to that part of the Irawadi-Salween

watershed which towers east of Hpimaw in Upper Burma

at about 26° N. Lat. He tells us how, on having passed

through a succession of high-forest, jungle and bamboo-

brake, he reached, on the 24th of June, the zone of the

dwarf high-alpine rhododendrons near the summit: of

Hpawshi Bum at an altitude of over 3,700 m. Three

rhododendrons, he says, are “all over the open brows

and rocks.” The third of them is the one figured here

from a specimen raised from seed collected by him (F.

1045). It “covers the barest open braes and tops of

moorland in a close flat carpet of dark foliage, from

which, on pedicels (in pairs) of an inch or so, rise large

round blossoms of a rich warm magenta-rose. The,

whole plant recalls the obvious cousin R. Kamtschaticum,

but the flower is of a far pleasanter shade and is further

set off by the brown reverse of the leaves and the vivid

milky glaucescence of the young shoots. Now that R.

Chamaecistus has become Rhodothamnus, this lovely plant,

alike for colour and habit ought, if permitted, to take

the name.” Iarrer was not aware that by the time he

wrote the plant had already received a name of its own,

“ calostrotum ” (the beautifully spread-out one), it having

been discovered five years earlier by Capt. F. Kingdon

Ward on the granite ridge of Imaw Bum (4,000 m.) about

20 miles to the north-west of Hpawshi Bum. Ward

refers to it in his latest book ‘The Romance of Plant

Hunting,” p. 61, in these words ‘“ The most exciting plant

found on the south slope, however, was the pigmy rhodo-

dendron with the giant flowers, Rh. calostrotum (K.W.

3390). This odd and tricksy plant I had discovered in

1914. In 1919 I secured seed of it and the plants are

due to flower'in 1924. The thin wiry stems spraw!] flat

on the stone, forming a thin mat whence rise the 1-inch

flower stems in pairs, each stem ending in a large flower

of brilliant purplish crimson hue. The __ five-lobed

corolla, which exceeds an inch in diameter, stands

on edge, and is flattened till there is scarcely any

tube left. Altogether a remarkable and brilliantly showy

plant, . . one for the rock garden or nowhere.” The

large widely open almost flat corollas of R. calostrotuwm

recall indeed, as Farrer thought, the flowers of R. kamts-

chaticum (now Therorodium kamtschaticum) and of Rhodo-

thamnus Chamaecistus, but the similarity is superficial,

and the affinity lies really with about a dozen rhododen-

drons which group round Franchet’s R. salwenense and

are confined to the high mountains between the Upper

Irawadi and the Upper Yangtze. Of these few are in

cultivation and only one, R. prostratum, has so far been

figured in this work (t. 8747). The comparison of that

plate with the present picture brings out very vividly the

great resemblance of the two species even if we admit that

the plate over-emphasizes it by the omission of the dense

soit shaggy covering of the pedicels and the exaggeration

of the size of the flowers, the latter measuring rarely

more than 3 cm. in diameter. The similarity between R.

calos'rotwm and R. charidotes (collected by Farrer in the

same range of mountains but somewhat farther north)

is equally great. In fact the “ affinities” existing

between the members of this group, as of other groups

or series of Rhododendron, are so close as to be bewilder-

ing, and one wonders how the tangled skein of forms will

be unravelled. Further collections may help towards

that end, but unless they are supported by methodical

_ observation in the field, they will as often add to the

perplexity of the botanist as they will resolve it. It is

more likely that well planned experiments carried ‘on

through a few generations of rhododendrons will shed —

light on the problem, and what more beautiful material

could the experimenting gardener desire than the as-

tounding wealth of forms and colours which has been

evolved among the rhododendrons of the Chinese west.

Meanwhile we shall have to accept the ‘“ microspecies ”

of Isaac Balfour as a working-basis, treating them as

building stones towards a system. which will stand in

the same relation towards the natural disposition of the

forms as the parts of a survey map are related to the

configuration of the country which it represents.

The plant from which the plate was prepared was

grown at Kew where it flowered for the first time in

April of last year (1923). It had been received from

Mr. E. J. P. Magor of Lamellen, St. Tudor, Cornwall,

who had the seed (F. 1045) from Sir George Holford. It

has proved quite hardy and promises to be one of the

most ornamental species for rockwork. The fact that

its home is on the rocks and moors of a granite mountain

suggests, of course, the exclusion of lime in any appreciable

quantity.

Fig. 1, a whole plant, very slightly reduced; 2, a flowering branch, nat.

size ; 3, base (tube) of the corolla, x 4; 4, part of a corolla, seen from without,

x2; 5, a calyx and pistil, x2; 6, base and top of a stamen with anther,

x5; 7, sessile and stipitate scales from a pedicel, x 40; 8, scales from an ovary,.

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BOYKINIA TELLIMOIDES.

Japan.

SAXIFRAGACEAE. Tribe SAXIFRAGEAE,

BoyKIniA, Nuit.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 1. 636; Engl.in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 2a. 51. Therofon, Raf., New Fl. Amer. I. 66.

Boykinia tellimoides, Zngl. & Irmischer in Engl., Pflanzenreich, IV. 117. 675

(1919) ; inter species generis foliis peltatis distinctissima.

Herba perennis, e rhizomate brevi crasso caespitosa, folia basalia et caules

parce foliatos glabros 30—60 mm. altos erectos emittens. Folia basalia

2—3 cum quoque caule, longissime petiolata; lamina peltata, ambitu

suborbicularis cum sinu angusto 2—3 cm. alto, 15—20 em. diametro,

profunde 7—9-lobata lobis late ovatis acutis intermedio circiter 4—5

em. alto latoque caeteris basin versus decrescentibus omnibus grosse-

serratis crenis mucronulatis, facie laete-viridis, dorso pallida, ad nervos

primarios parce crispo-pubescens, cacterum glabra; petiolus ad 35 cm.

longus, parcissime crispo-pilosulus; folia caulina 1—2 _ basalibus

simillima, sed redacta, multo brevius vel (summum) brevissime petiolata,

basi stipulata stipulis petiolo adnatis ovatis ad 3 mm. longis. Flores

in racemum vel paniculam paucifloram angustam terminalem collecti ;

bracteae bracteolaeque minute lanceolatae vel lineares; pedicelli inferiores

ad 8 mm. longi. Receptaculum late campanulato-turbinatum, 5—6 mm.

longum, glabrum vel parce glanduloso-pilosulum. Sepala ovata, acuta

vel acuminata, ad 5 mm. longa. Petala late oblonga, apicem versus

grosse dentata, glanduloso-pilosula, ad 10 mm. longa, ad 5 mm. lata,

viridi-flava. Stamina 10; filamenta 2—3 mm. longa, ima basi dilatata,

in annulum angustum connata. Antherae basi cordatae, nigrae,

1 mm. longae; pollen albidum. Ovarium fere ad medium in recep-

taculo immersum, 2-loculare, obovoideum; styli 2, filiformes, 3 mm.

longi; stigmata minute capitata. Capsula calyce persistente cincta,

Semisupera, aperta ob valvas divergentes bicornis. Semina atra,

ellipsoideo-globosa, 0°6 mm. longa, dense muricata. Sazifraga telli-

moides, Max. in Bull. Acad. Pet. XVI. 216 (1871) ; Mel. Biol. VIII. 6, 603,

(1871); Iinuma, Somoku Gusetsu, ed. II., VIII. 18 (1874) et ed. III,

ibidem (1910); Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap., I. 146 (1875) et II. 353

(1879) ; Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1908, 250, fig. 93; Matsumura, Index PI.

Jap. 190 (1912).

This is a perennial herb which from a short root-stock

produces tufts of long-stalked leaves (generally 2 or 3 for

each shoot) and sparingly leafy flowering stems. The

basal leaves have a shield-shaped deeply 7- to 9-lobed

bright green blade, almost orbicular in outline and

measuring 15 to 20 cm. in diameter, with a narrow sinus

on one side and with, on the back, prominent radiating

tibs; its lobes are broadly ovate and coarsely serrate

and they decrease in size towards the sinus; the 1 or 2

stem-leaves are similar to the basal, but much smaller

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VERONICA CANESCENS.

New Zealand.

SCROPHULARIACEAE, ‘Tribe DIGITALEAR.

Veronica, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. Il. 964; Wettst. in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 3b. 85.

Veronica canescens, 7’. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. IX. 503, t. 19 (1877);

inter species sectionis ‘“‘ Calycinarum”’ foliis parvulis rotundatis integerrimis

insignis.

Herba pusilla, perennis, repens ; caules tenues, hispiduli, radicantes, 2—10 cm.

longi, intricati, mattas humillimas densas formantes. Folia opposita,

subsessilia, rotundato-elliptica, obtusissima, 2—2:°5 mm. longa, utrinque

hispidula pilis albis retrorsis. Flores singuli in axillis foliorum ; _pedicelli

tenues, ad 6 mm. longi, sub medio bi-bracteolati ; bracteolae foliis similes

nisi minus obtusae vel interdum subacutae. Calyx alte 4- vel 5-partitus,

segmentis oblongis subobtusis hispidulis ciliolatis. Corolla caerulea,

expansa 1 cm. diametro; tubus brevissimus; limbus 4-fidus, lobis inaequali-

bus, antico oblongo, caeteris elliptico-obovatis saepe minute emarginatis.

Stamina 2; filamenta ad 4 mm. longa; antherae 0°6 mm. longae. Ovariwm

ambitu late ellipticum, paulo a latere compressum, glabrum ; stylus 4 mm.

longus. Capsula calyce persistente paulo aucto (ultra 3 mm. longo) cincta,

late ovoidea, subretusa, leviter compressa, 2°5 mm. longa, tandem in valvas

4 soluta. Semina late obovoidea vel subglobosa, 0:6—0°7 mm. longa, minute

punctata, hilo obscuro latiusculo. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. XXVIII. 516

(1896) ; Cheesem., Man. New Zeal. Fl. 547 (1906), non Bast. nec Presl.

-nec Schrad.

A loosely matted dwarf perennial herb with wiry thread-

like minutely hairy stems which creep close to the ground

and with roundish or broadly elliptic very blunt leaves,

not more than 2 to 2°5 mm. long and minutely hairy on

both sides. ‘The flowers rise singly from the axils of

leaves and are borne on delicate stalks about 6mm. high

and provided below the middle with a pair of bracteoles

resembling the foliage-leaves. The calyx is deeply 4-

(rarely 5-) cleft and about 2 mm. long; its segments are

oblong and minutely hairy, particularly along the edges.

The widely open corolla is deeply 4-cleft and up to 1 cm.

in diameter ; the front-lobe is oblong and narrower than

the others which are elliptic-obovate ; all the lobes are

minutely notched at the tips and pale-blue with darker

veins. ‘The 2 filaments are 4 mm. long and they carry

small yellow anthers. The slightly compressed ovary is

elliptic in side-view. The mature cwpsule is surrounded

and exceeded by the persistent and slightly enlarged calyx

and breaks up finally into 4 equal valves, exposing the

more or less globose seeds which measure 0°6 to 0°7 mm.

in diameter.

DisTRIBUTION.—New Zealand : South Island ; Canter-

bury and Otago Divisions.

This is according to Kirk one of the smallest of the

flowering plants of New Zealand. It inhabits usually

the dried up margins of lakes and pools where it overruns

the ground after the manner of Anagallis tenella, forming

dainty mattings from which the relatively large sky-

blue flowers, not unlike those of our Germander Speed-

well, rise in profusion, carried singly on short erect stalks.

The species is an extreme modification of a type of

Veronica, represented in New Zealand by such species as

V. Bidwillti and V. Lyallia (Bot. Mag. t. 6456). These

also have prostrate stems and small almost leathery

leaves, but they bear their flowers in long-stalked

axillary racemes and the leaf-margins are more or less

notched. V. canescens was first recorded by Kirk from

Lake Lyndon, Canterbury Division, in the seventies of

the last century. Since then it has repeatedly been

found in the eastern portion of the South Island and in

places, as in Central Otago, in great plenty. Owing to

its smallness it is easily overlooked, except when in

flower, when it is conspicuous enough.

The plant figured here has been grown in Edinburgh

for a good number of years and it is now impossible to

trace its source. Professor W. W. Smith, to whom we

are obliged for the use of the original drawing, says that

it enjoys a sunny situation in a well drained rather sandy

soil and spreads its wiry stems fairly rapidly in summer.

It dies back considerably during the winter months, but

appears to be hardy.

Fig. 1, part of a flowering plant, nat. size; 2, a flowering branch, X3;

3, & corolla, x3; 4, a calyx with pistil, x6; 5, a fruit with calyx, x6; 6,4

dehisced fruit, x6; 7, seeds, X 25.

TAB.’ 9003B.

CASSIOPE SELAGINOIDES.

(FORMA NANA.)

Himalaya and China.

ERICACEAE. Tribe ANDROMEDEAE,

CassiopE, D. Don; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 584; Drude in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. TV. 1. 42.

Cassiope selaginoides, Hook, f. & Thoms. in Hook. Kew Journ. VII. 126, t. iv.

(1855) ; affinis C. fast¢giatae, D. Don, sed omnibus partibus gracilior, foliis haud

superne hyalino-marginatis brevioribus, pedicellis pro rata longioribus (demum

ad 15 mm. longis) distincta,

Fruticulus nanus, compacte caespitosus vel laxius diffusus, ramis e basi procum-

bente ascendentibus, 5—25 cm. altus; rami graciles, tenuiter puberuli,

dense foliati. Folia quadrifariam imbricata, sessilia, lanceolata vel lanceo-

lato-oblonga, basi breviter obtuse 2-loba, apice obtusiusculo setigera seta

ad 0°75 mm. longa, dorso profunde sulcata et in sulca puberula et parce

glandulosa, facie subconcava, ad margines tenuiter villoso-ciliolata villo

demum evanido, 2—3 mm. longa, 0°7—1 mm. lata, atro-viridia. Flores

solitarii, in pedicello gracili basi 3-bracteato pilis mollibus ramosis villosulo

5—15 mm. longo cernui; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, submembranaceae,

2mm. longae, ciliatae. Sepala ovato-lanceolata vel late lanceolata, acuta

vel acuminata, 3 mm. longa, praeter marginem angustum album herbacea,

glabra. Corolla lactea, ovoideo-globosa vel campanulato-globosa, 7—10

mm. longa, 5-lobata, lobis late ovatis 2—2°5 mm. longis. Stamina 10,

circa stylum arcte conniventia ; filamenta 1—1:3 mm. (raro 1:5 mm.) longa,

dorso. magis minusve barbata vel fere glabra; antherae ellipsoideae,

0'5—0'7 mm. longae, basi subinaequali, aristis apicalibus angulo recto

patentibus vel deflexis fere 0°'6—0°8 mm. raro 1 mm. longis papillosis.

Ovartum 5-lobum lobis dorso leviter suleatis, paulo depressum, viride, 1 mm.

altum ; stylus 2°5 mm. longus. Capsula (e speciminibus exsiccatis spon-

taneis) sub-globosa, ad medium vel ultra 5-lobata lobis loculicidis, ad 3 mm.

longa. Semina clavato-fusiformia, 0°5 longa, laevia, fusca. Clarke in

Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 460 (1882); W. W. Smith in Rec. Bot. Surv.

Ind. IV. 214 (1911); Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXTX. 515 (1900) ;

Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. i. 551 (1913) and in Veg. West China, t. 145.

C. selaginoides is a dwarf shrublet, growing in tufts or

in sheets of sometimes considerable extent and rising

from a few to 25 cm. ‘The sessile dark evergreen leaves

are arranged in 4 rows on the slender finely downy

branches so as to overlap tightly ; they are lanceolate

or lanceolate-oblong in outline and slightly two-lobed

at the base, ending with a short bristle from their blunt

tips and measure from 2 to 3 mm. by 0:7 to 1 mm. ;

they are deeply channelled on the back and finely downy

and glandular within the channel, whilst they are

slightly concave and glabrous on the face; their frontal

edges are fringed with woolly hairs which disappear

ultimately. The nodding white flowers are borne singly

on very slender axillary stalks 5 to 15 mm. long. The

sepals are more or less lanceolate, pointed and 3 mm.

long ; they are herbaceous but for the white margins and

glabrous. The corolla is ovoid or globose-campanulate

with 5 broad short lobes and it is 7 to10mm. long. The 10

stamens connive with their short bearded filaments over

the small green ovary, the bristle-like tails of the small

anthers standing off more or less at right angles to the

2 mm. in diameter and it splits to or beyond the middle.

The seeds are club- or spindle-shaped and about 0°5 mm.

long.

DISTRIBUTION.—Sikkim and West China, from the

Burma-Tibet-Yunnan frontier to Szechuan, between

3,300 and 4,600 m.

C'. selaginoides was discovered by Sir Joseph Hooker

in June, 1849, above Zemu Samdong in the Lachen

Valley, Sikkim. It is one of the two dwarf heath-like

andromedas mentioned in his Himalayan Journal (II.,

46; ed. 1854). It grew there among many “ very

alpine ”’ plants such as dwarf willows, Pinguicula, Oxyria,

Androsace, Saxifrages, etc. The other ‘“ Andromeda ”’

was Cassiope fastigiata. Professor W. W. Smith and

Mr. Cave collected both in the same locality and up to

and along the sides of the Zemu glacier, between 3,300

and 4,500 m. According to them C. selaginoides is much

more scarce there than C. fastigiata (Rec. Bot. Surv.

Ind. IV. 214; 1911). C. B. Clarke also quotes it from

Jongri on the southern flank of Kinchinjunga. A much

larger area of C’. selaginoides extends from the Salween-

Mekong watershed on the Burmese-Chinese frontier

through north-western Yunnan into Szechuan as far as

Tachienlu and Mt. Omei with an altitudinal range from

3,600 to over 4,600 m. C. selaginoides grows there either

on stony dry slopes and cliffs or in open moorland or as

undergrowth in rhododendron thickets. A photograph

by E. Wilson (Veg. West China, No. 145) gives an excellent

view of the latter condition. Future collections will no

doubt bridge the great gap between the two areas. The

Chinese specimens are on the whole more robust and

taller than those from Sikkim, but structurally they are

practically identical. The plant figured here marks

on the other hand a state of excessive dwarfing, such

as may be found among Hooker’s specimens. It was

grown at Kew as a pot-plant from seed received from

the Darjeeling Garden in 1920 and it flowered first in

the spring of 1923. It has since been planted out in

the open ground, but it has hardly increased in height,

although apparently quite healthy. It is no doubt

perfectly hardy and will probably thrive best in peaty

soil on rock-work where in spite of its dwarf stature it

ought to be very effective.

The very remarkable structure of the leaves of

C. selaginoides has been fully dealt with by F. Niedenzu

in a paper on the anatomy of the leaves of the Arbu-

toideae and the Vaccinioideae (in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XI.).

The dorsal channelling of the leaves is explained there as

being brought about by the rolling back of the margins

of the blade until they almost meet so that the whole of

the dorsal surface becomes enclosed in the channel, the

outer convex sides corresponding to the revolute portions

of the upper-surface of the blade. But the transitions

from dorsally flat to dorsally channelled blades which

may be seen on underground shoots leave no doubt that

the anticous edges are the true margins whilst the channel

is a groove in the back. This leaf-structure is repeated

in C. fastigiata, a plant widely distributed through the

alpine Himalaya, and in its Chinese representative,

C. pectinata,* as also in the well-known arctic C. tetragona,

whilst in C. Redowski (Kast Siberia) the channel is closed

except at the base so that the leaf becomes tubular.

In each case the stomata are confined to the inner faces

* C. pectinata, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; C. fastigiate, D. Don, habitu simillima,

sed foliorum marginibus superne haud membrana hyalina cinctis et ad latera

setis rigidis pubescentibus quasi pectinatis necnon pedicellis ad 2°5 cm. longis

distincta. This species which resembles very much C. fastigiata may be recog-

nised by the margins of its leaves which are not bordered towards the tips

by a hyaline membrane and bear on the sides stiff bristles more or less fluffy

when young. The pedicels also grow out to a much greater length (2°5 cm.).

DIsTRIBUTION.—Tibet-Yunnan frontier : Salween-Kiuchiang divide

(28° 40’ N.L.-98° 15’ E.L.), Forrest, 19068; Mekong-Salween and Mekong-

Yangtse divides (28° 12’-28° 30’ N.L.), 3600- 4800 m., Ward, 438, 582; Forrest,

489, 13,944, 14,158. North-west Yunnan, to the north-east of the Yangtse

bend (27° 45’ N.L.), Forrest, 10,440.

of the channel (or tube) which are moreover lined with

short club-shaped glands and in some cases small hairs.

The physiological function assigned to the channels of

these “ roll-leaves,” as they have been called, a type by

no means uncommon in Ericaceae and in other plants

of an. “ericoid”’ habit, is that of protection of the

stomata from wetting (Kerner) or, by the formation of

a “windstill”? space, from excessive transpiration

(Warming). They act probably either way and thus

enable the plant to resist great changes towards one

or the other extreme.

With the discovery of two more species of Cassiope

in the high mountains of the Burma-Tibet-Yunnan —

frontier (C. palpebrata, W. W. Smith, with small flat

spreading leaves recalling those of Harrimanella

Stelleriana, Cov., and C. myosuroides, W. W. Smith, with

appressed leaves, coriaceous in the lower spoon-shaped

half and delicately hyaline in the triangular pointed

upper half) the centre of the genus has shifted from

the arctic and subarctic zone to the Sino-Himalayan

highlands which assume in our eyes more and more the

character of a gigantic reserve in which Nature has not

only preserved a flora elsewhere pitilessly battered and

scattered by the ravages of the glacial period, but has

also increased a bounteous heritage on lines of extra-

ordinary liberality and freedom from the limitations

generally imposed by the struggle for life. O.8.

Fig. 1, a whole plant, nat. size ; 2, a barren branch, x5; 3, a leaf in back-

view, X15; 4, the same in half front-view, X15; 5, a flowering branch, x 3;

6, a corolla in top-view, X3; 7, astamen, X 20; 8,a pistil, X10; 9, ovary in

cross-section, xX 14.

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MAGNOLIA WILSONTILI.

China.

MAGNOLIACEAE. Tribe MAGNOLIEAE.

Maenotia, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 1. 18; Prantl in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 2. 16.

Magnolia Wilsonii, Rehd. in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. I. 395 (1913); cum M,

Nicholsoniana, Rehd. & Wils. et M. sinensi, Stapf (Syn. M. globosa var. sinensis,

Rehd. & Wils.) comparanda, ab illa foliis subtus molliter tomentosis, tepalis

9 latioribus (saltem interioribus), ab hac foliis minoribus multo angustioribus

(haud obovatis) apice nec rotundatis nec breviter acuminatis et floribus minoribus

distincta.

Frutex divaricatus, 3m. altus vel arbuscula ad 8 m. alta; rami graciles, hornotini

rufo-villosi, annotini glabri, cortice purpureo-brunnei, parce lenticellosi.

Gemmae terminales anguste oblongae, 1°5—2 cm. longae, dense rufo-villosae.

Folia decidua; lamina ovato-oblonga e basi rotundata, a medio vel a triente

summo in apicem acuminatum attenuata, ad 15 cm. longa, ad 6 cm. lata,

plerumque vero minor, supra glabra, clare viridis, subtus pallidior et

molliter tomentosa, pilis albidis nisi in costa flavescentibus, nervis lateralibus

utrinque 10—12 uti costa dorso prominentibus ; petiolus 1-5—3 cm. longus,

rufo-tomentosus ; stipulae alte adnatae, parte libera lanceolata acuta ad

15 cm. longa, dense fulvo-rufo-tomentosae. Flores cum foliis coétanei,

solitarii, nutantes, primo globoso-cupulares, deinde late aperti, albi, frag-

rantes, 9—10 cm. diametro; alabastra ovoidea, acuta, spatha superne

fulvo-pilosa; pedicellus 2°5—3 cm. longus, medio bracteam spathoideam fulvo-

villosam ex apice saepe foliaceam cito deciduam cicatricem annularem

desinentem gerens, infra eam villosus, supra parce pilosus vel glabratus.

Tepala 9; extima 3 oblonga, subacuta, 4—5 cm. longa, 2°5 cm. lata, inter-

media 3 basi subcarinata et extra interdum leviter flavescentia, late

obovato-elliptica, 5—6 cm. longa, 3°5—4 cm. lata, apice late rotundata et

subemarginata; intima 3 oblongo-elliptica, basi attenuata, 3°5 cm. longa,

2°5 cm. lata, rotundata. Stamina circiter 60, kermesino-purpurea, cum

filamento brevi 11 mm. longa. Gynoecium primo albidum, deinde flavescens

vel viridescens, 2°5 cm. longum, carpellis circiter 25, stylis recurvis. Fructus

ambitu oblongus, basi paulo attenuatus, 6—10 cm. longus, 2—3 cm. diametro,

ante dehiscentiam rubens ; folliculi arcte congesti, rostrati, 1°5—2 cm. longi,

aperti ad 1:2 cm. lati, extra purpureo-fusci, intra pallide lutescentes vel

fuscescentes. Semina plerumque 2-na, obovoideo-globosa, duobus faciebus

applanata, 6—8 mm. lata, scarlatina vel demum griseo-brunnea, esulcata.

M. parviflora var. Wilsonit, Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,

hii. Mem. IV. 39 (1905) et Contrib. Fl. As. Or. II. 39 (1907). M. globosa,

Wilson in Gard. Chron. XX XIX. 234 (1906), non Hook. f. & Thoms.

A deciduous shrub or small tree with purplish-brown

branches (last season’s) and thin papery leaves which are

ovate-oblong, tapering from or from above the middle

to an acute point and measuring up to 15 cm. by 6 cm.,

and which, on the underside, are covered with a rather

long soft whitish down. The nodding flowers have at

first the shape of an almost globose cup, but they expand

afterwards and become saucer-like with up-turned tips

and measure 9 to 10 cm. in diameter; they are composed

of 9 very blunt and concave pure-white tepals (un-

differentiated sepals and petals) in whorls of three with

the crimson stamens (about 60) and the whitish or

yellowish cone of pistils in the centre. The nodding

fruit is oblong, measuring 6 to 10 cm. by 2 to 3 cm. and

salmon-coloured: to brownish-pink before the crowded

rhombic-oblong follicles dehisce ; these are beaked and

1:5 to 2 cm. long and contain usually 2 scarlet rounded —

seeds which are for some time suspended on whitish

threads formed by the unrolled spiral vessels of the rhaphe.

DISTRIBUTION.—Szechuan, in woods and thickets to

the south-east of Tachienlu, from 2,000 to 2,800 m.

This is one of a group of species, ranging from the

Himalaya to Japan and characterized by deciduous

leaves and slender-stalked white flowers with a crimson

ring of stamens in the centre, which appear with or after

the foliage. Their specific differences are mainly in the

shape and size of the leaves and flowers and the degree ~

of hairiness.. Considering their great general resem-

blance it is not surprising that our plant was originally

confused with the Himalayan M. globosa and the Japanese

M. parviflora of which it was thought to be a variety.

From both it differs sufficiently in the larger stipules, the

differently shaped leaves and the bracteate flower-stalks

and from the latter species particularly in the felted backs

of the leaves. The relationship of M. Wilson is much

closer indeed with M. Nicholsoniana and M. sinensis,

both natives of Szechuan within a radius of 100 kilo-

meters from its home. For the characters by which it

may be distinguished from them we may refer to the

differential diagnosis given above.

M. Wulsoni was discovered by the explorer and

collector, whose name it bears, in the woods and thickets

around ‘Tachienlu in 1904 (No. 3137, Veitch Exp.) and

it was collected again by him in the same locality four

years later (No. 1874, Arn. Arb. Exped.). It flowers there

at the end of May and in June, that is about the same

time as in this country, whilst curiously enough the

fruiting seems to be delayed in its native habitat (October,

instead of the end of August and September, as at Kew

and Glasnevin). M. Wilsoni is a conspicuous object in

the woods of Tachienlu as it flowers freely ; and as it

seems to require only little shelter in most parts of this

country, it deserves the appreciation of the gardener

which Wilson has claimed for it.

For the material from which the plate was drawn we

are indebted to Mr. J. W. Besant, the Acting Curator of

the Glasnevin Botanic Gardens. It originated, he

informs us, from seed received from the Arnold Arbore-

tum in 1909 (Wilson, No. 1374). He further writes: “It

is grown against a wall with a northern aspect. It is

making vigorous growth and numerous layers have been

taken off it. It appears to like a fairly stiff retentive soil.

Small plants have been put out in the open and I am in

hopes that they will eventually form good specimens.

It is certainly one of the most beautiful members of the

genus in our collection.”’

Specimens of an earlier introduction (Veitch, No. 528)

are grown at Kew where they flowered first in 1920.

They are noteworthy on account of their sparser and

more evanescent hairiness and their smaller less tapering

leaves. In this they agree with samples received from

Mr. H. W. Grigg, Cann House, Crown Hill, 8. Devon, in

1917. Both the Kew and the Crown Hill plant incline

in that respect towards M. Nicholsoniana, but without

merging into it. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch; 2, a pair of stipules; 3, a longitudinal section

through the androecium and gynoecium; 4 and 5, stamens in front- and side-

view ; 6, gynoecium or cone of pistils; 7, a fruit placed upright, beginning to

dehisce ; 8, the same with the follicles fully dehisced. All natural size, except

Figs. 4 and 5, which are X 2.

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PENTAS COCCINEA.

Tropical Africa.

RUBIACEAE. Tribe HEDYOTIDEAE.

PENTAS, Benth.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 54; K. Schum. in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 4. 29.

Pentas coccinea, Stapf (sp. nov.); affinis P. zanzibaricae, Vatke, foliis latiori-

bus, corollis maioribus splendide coccineis, limbi segmentis linearibus in statu

macrostylo 8 mm. longis 2°5 mm. latis distincta.

Suffrutex ad 5 dm. altus, laxe divaricatus, ramis vetustis lignosis cortice griseo

tectis, iunioribus viridibus teretibus breviter hirsutis. Folia petiolata,

ubique molliter pubescentia; lamina ovato-oblonga, basi longe attenuata

et in petiolum decurrens, apice acuta, 7—15 cm. longa, 2°5—5°5 em. lata,

herbacea, facie viridis, dorso pallidior, pilis in dorso ad costam nervosque

patulis, hisce utrinque 7—9 obliquis conspicuis ; petiolus 1—5 cm. longus ;

stipulae in fimbrias 3—5 subulatas vel filiformes apice glanduloso-incrassatas

ad 4 mm. longas solutae. Inflorescentia valde contracta, corymbiformis,

pubescens, circiter 7 cm. diametro; rami 4, subumbellati, secunde spicati,

floribus geminatis, anthesi peracta ad 2°5 cm. elongati, florum paribus 3—6

mm. distantibus. Flores dimorphi, alii microstyli, alii macrostyli, splendide

coccinei. Receptaculum obovoideum, 2 mm. longum, pilosulum. Sepala

inaequalia, 2 foliacea, linearia, 8—10 mm. longa, ad 3 mm. lata, pilosula,

caetera 3 subulata, 2—3 mm. longa. Flos microstylus: Oorollae tubus

gracilis, superne haud ampliatus, 9—10 mm. longus, extra pilosulus, intra

ostium versus breviter pilosus pilis vix exsertis; limbus circiter 8 mm.

diametro, segmentis linearibus cum apiculo minuto arcte inflexo 1-5—2 mm.

latis. Stamina sub ore inserta, filamentis tenuissimis ad 4—5 mm. exsertis,

antheris medio affixis linearibus 4 mm. longis. Stylus cum stigmatibus

2mm. longis filiformibus in corollas tubo inclusus, ostium eius vix attingens.

Flos macrostylus: Corollae tubus in triente supero modice ampliatus,

12—14 mm. longus, hic extra parce pilosulus, intra infra medium laxe

pilosus, de staminum insertione sursum dense hirsutus, ostio pilis farcto ;

limbus ad 18 mm. diametro, segmentis 2:5 mm. latis. Stamina in tubo

ampliato tota inclusa, antheris subsessilibus 2—2°5 mm. longis. Stylus

longe exsertus, stigmatibus rubris 3 mm. longis. Capsula hemisphaerico-

turbinata, 4 mm. longa, sepalis persistentibus coronata, vertice valvis

2 aperta. Semina numerosa, angulata, 0°5 mm. longa. P. Klotzschii,

Vatke in Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. XXV. 232 (1875) quoad plantam

Hidebrandtianam citatam nec quoad synonyma, ideoque nomen nudum.

P. carnea, Hiern in Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. III. 46 (1877) pro parte;

Oliv. in H. H. Johnston, Kilimanjaro Exped. 340 (1886), non Benth. ;

P. carnea var. Klotzschii, Scott Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

434 (1896); P. lanceolata, K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf.

IV. 4. 29 (1891) quod plantam Africae Orientalis; Werth, Veget. Ins.

Sansibar, 42 (1901), non Deflers.

This is an undershrub about 5 dm. high and softly and

shortly hairy in all the green parts. The ovate or ovate-

oblong leaf-blades are slightly greyish-green and they

are borne on stalks 1 to 5 cm. long along which they

continue more or less as narrow wings; they measure

7 to 15 cm. by 2°5 to 5°5 cm. and are traversed on each

side of the midrib by 7 to 9 oblique conspicuous nerves ;

the stipules are divided almost to the base into 3 to 5

awl-shaped or thread-like segments with thickened gland-

like tips. The brilliantly crimson flowers are grouped

in much contracted almost umbel-like corymbs, about

7 cm. in diameter. The sepals are very unequal, two

being leafy, linear and up to 10 mm. long whilst the

other three are quite short and awl-shaped. There are

two types of individuals, namely, those with small corollas

(tube 9 to 10 mm. long, limb 8 mm. across), long exserted

anthers and enclosed styles and stigmas, and others

with larger corollas (tube 12 to 14 mm. long, limb 18 mm.

across), enclosed stamens and long exserted styles and

stigmas; the tube of the short-styled state is slender

and cylindric throughout, that of the long-styled state

is widened in the upper third which contains the stamens ;

the segments of the limb are linear in either case and

spread at right angles. The capsules are shortly top-

shaped, about 4 mm. long and crowned by the dry

persistent calyx and they open with two terminal valves.

DIsTRIBUTION.—Kast African coast and its Hinterland

from the Tanga river to Usambara ; also in the Island of

Zanzibar.

This plant is a common element of the dry littoral

of the East African coast from the Tana to the Pangani,

and during the dry season it is an ornament of the

grass-land owing to its brilliant crimson flowers. It

also extends inland as far as Kikuyu and the

steppes at the foot of Kilimanjaro. In Usambara

it appears to be a common constituent of the

bracken-formation of the montane bush. It has

repeatedly been collected, but was confused either

with Forskal’s Ophiorrhiza lanceolata, a plant of Yemen

on which rests the combination P. lanceolata, proposed

by Deflers* in 1889, or with P. carnea, an Hast African

species, which was introduced to cultivation almost

simultaneously in India (Calcutta) and Europe (Paris)

over eighty years ago. PP. lanceolata, ot which there is a

* Deflers, Voy. Yemen, 142,

specimen collected by Forskal in the Herbarium of the

British Museum, has narrow lanceolate leaves and

corollas whose lobes are white on the face and violet

on the back, whilst P. carnea may easily be recognised

by its flesh-coloured corollas and their relatively broad

and short almost ovate lobes.

The plant portrayed here was raised at Kew from

seed recently received from Amani with the designation

“ P. coccinea.” I have not been able to trace this name

in literature or elsewhere, but it seems so appropriate

that it may stand. At Kew the plant has so far been

treated as a stove plant and kept rather moist ; as it is,

however, by its habitat xerophilous, a warm ereen-

house (Cape-house) would probably be more suitable.

Like other species of Pentas, P. coccinea has distinctly

dimorphic flowers, the individuals with long-styled

flowers being by far more showy than those whose

anthers are exserted. The former are, of course, more

valuable horticulturally, but to ensure seeding it may

be necessary to grow both forms side by side or

fertilize the flowers artificially. So fer the Kew plant

which is long-styled has proved self-sterile.

The genus Pentas is widely distributed through Tropical

Africa and particularly Eest Africa) whence it extends

south as far as Zululand. One species is found in

Tropical Arabia end a few more are recorded from the

Comoro Islands and Madagascar. It is not easy to

estimate the number of species known, as the dimorphism

of the flowers and their frequently bad preservation—

they seem to fade and shrivel quickly if not laid in at

once and are moreover apt to lose their colour—render

the task of discrimination difficult. Not a few of them

are showy plants with white flowers from 9 to 12 em.

in length, a few are climbers or twiners with clusters

of crimson flowers, others have purple or blue-violet

corollas. It should not be difficult to secure some of

these for our glass-houses. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, long-styled form, nat. size; 2, a pair of leaf-

bases with stipules, x 6; 3, a flower, < 3°5; 4, a corolla-tube in longitudinal

section, <6; 5, a longitudinal section through the receptacle and the ovary,

x 6; 6, anthers in front- and back-view, x12; 7, the upper part of a style and

its stigmas, x 12,

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LYSIONOTUS PAUCIFLORUS.

Japan. China.

CYRTANDRACEAE. Tribe AESCHYNANTHEAE,

Lysionotus, D. Don; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. II. 1015; Fritsch in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 3b. 154.

Lysionotus pauciflorus, Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. XIX. 534 (1874) et

Mel. Biol. IX. 366 (1874); affinis L. brachycarpo, Rehder, sed foliis grosse

crenatis magis oblongis brevius petiolatis, floribus maioribus, calycis dentibus

minoribus (3—4 mm. longis), corolla basi magis attenuata distinctus.

Suffrutex rupicola vel epiphyticus, e rhizomate elongato repente caules ascen-

dentes ad 25 cm. altos emittens, praeter novellas interdum puberulas glaber-

rimus, cortice iuniore purpurascente vetusto cinerascente. Folia breviter

petiolata, ternatim verticillata vel subverticillata verticillis superioribus:

approximatis; lamina cuneato-linearis vel cuneato-oblonga vel oblonga,

2—5 (rarius 7) cm. longa, 2—12 mm. lata, carnoso-coriacea, utrinque grosse

2—5-dentata dentibus saepe versus apicem sitis apice ipso acuto vel

truncato, supra saturate viridis, interdum glaucescens, dorso subalbida,

costa crassiuscula et saepe purpurascente percursa, nervis obscuris ; petiolus

purpureus, 2 vel 3 mm. longus. Cymae 1- ad 3-florae ex axillis summis

paucae vel ad 10; pedunculi breves vel ad 3 cm. longi, graciles; bracteae ,

q lineari-oblongae, 2mm.longae. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis anguste lanceolatis

acutis 3—4 mm. longis. Corolla tubulosa, 3—4 cm. longa, pendula; tubus ,

_. a basi per 10—13 mm. angustatus, deinde ampliatus, superne 12—14 mm.

diametro, extra albidus, purpureo-suffusus et striatus intra striis 9 violaceo-

purpureis in faucibus distinctissimis necnon antice plicis duobus elevatis

luteis notatus; limbus brevis, bilabiatus, labio superiore bilobo albido,

inferiore trilobo flavescente lobis omnibus latissimis. Stamina antica

- 2fertilia, filamentis inferne spiraliter tortis longiusculis, antheris rotundatis

apice contiguis; stamina posteriora 2 sterilia, ad filamenta filiformia apice,

paulo incrassatareducta ; staminodium posticumminutum. Dvscus breviter

cylindricus, crassiusculus, denticulatus. Ovarium fusiforme, 1°5 cm. longum,

in stylum 1 cm. longum stigmate minuto discoideo coronatum abiens.

Capsula fusiformis, 4—9 em. longa, subrecta. Seminafusiformi-cylindrica, .

1 mm. longa, e funiculo capillari fere 3 mm. longo pendula, apice -setam

_, 2-3 mm. longam gerentia. Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. I: 327 (1875) 5).

S. Moore in Journ. Bot. XIII. 231 (1875) ; C. B. Clarke in Cas. DC. Mon. Phan. |

V. 599 (1883); Makino, Illustr. Fl. Japan I. t. IT. (1888) and I. 3, "t, ‘EE. -

(ed. II.,, 1891) ; Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 225 (1890). Lysvonotus:

pauciflorus var. (?), Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Japan XXIV. Suppl. 68 (1896) ; _

Matsumura and Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo XXII. 288; Enum. -

Pl. Formos. 287 (1906). Lysionotus warleyensis, Willmott in Gard. Chron, »

This is a glabrous wnder-shrub, growing on rocks or

| trees with a long creeping rhizome and with stems ascend-

‘ing to about 25 cm. The shortly stalked leaves. are

‘usually placed in whorls of 3, the upper of which are

‘more or less crowded; the blades are oblong or slightly .

wedge-shaped, coarsely toothed upwards, with the

* LIV. 125 (1913). Lysionotus Willmottiae Hort. in Gard. Chron. LVI.17, 100. .

terminal tooth pointed or truncate, softly coriaceous, dark

green on the face and almost whitish on the back and

they measure 2-5 cm. by 2-12 mm. The flowers are

carried in l- to 3-flowered cymes on slender, bracteate

peduncles up to 3 cm. long, the special flower-stalks

measuring about 1 cm. The calyx is deeply 5-cleft with

narrow lanceolate acute segments 3-4 mm. long. The

pendulous tubular corolla is 3-4 cm. long, the tube

widening from 1-1°3 cm. above the base and passing

after a slight constriction into the oblique two-lipped

very broadly and shortly lobed limb; the whole corolla.

is white, variously suffused with violet or purple and

marked with violet longitudinal streaks which are par-

ticularly dark in the throat where they contrast at the

same time with two yellow ridges (folds). Of the five

stamens two only (the front ones) are perfectly developed

with more or less spiral filaments and round anthers

which connive over the stigma; of the others, the hind-

most is reduced to a minute staminode and the posterior

two to threadlike curved filaments. The capsule is

slender, spindle-shaped and 4-9 cm. long and it contains a

great number of small cylindric seeds (1 mm. long) borne»

on a hairlike funicle and passing at the other end into a

fine hair or bristle 2-3 cm. long. ie |

DIsTRIBUTION.—South China and Yangtse basin,

‘Formosa, and the Southern Islands of Japan (Shikoku

and Kiusiu).

-Lysionotus pauciflorus became first known from the

island of Kiusiu where in 1863 Maximowicz discovered

it growing on trees in the virgin forests of Mt. Naga.

This and the province of Tosa in the neighbouring island

of Shikoku mark the northern limit of the area of the

species which otherwise ranges widely throughout the

basin of the Yangtse as far as Mt. Omei and southwards

through Chekiang and Fokien to Yunnan. It has also

been collected in the mountains of Formosa by A. Henry

and more recently by Japanese collectors and Mr. W. R.

Price. It reaches its upper limit at 1,300 m. in Szechuan

and at 2,100 m. in Yunnan (Mengtse). It is not hardy

in this country,. but may be grown in an ordinary green-

house in pans or suspended in baskets, The late Mr.

Elwes to whom we are indebted for the specimen figured

here grew it in his “‘ Alpine House” in a pan of sandy

loam with just enough protection to keep it free from

frost. It flowered there profusely during the summer.

Mr Elwes had the plant from Miss Willmott of Warley

House, Great Warley, Essex, who exhibited it first at

one of the Royal Horticultural Society’s shows in 1918,

It was introduced into cultivation from seed collected for

the Arnold Arboretum by Mr. E. H. Wilson (No. 370) on

limestone cliffs above Hsing shan Hsien at 1,200—1,500 m.

on the southern slopes of the Ta pa shan, N.W. of Ichang

in 1907.

Lysionotus, represented in Clarke’s monograph of the

Cyrtandraceae by three species, two Indian and one Chino-

Japanese, has since been shown to include over a dozen

species, all the additions, but one (L. pubescens ; Muny-

pore), originating from South-western China, which

appears thus as the evolutional centre of the genus with the

Indian area as a secondary extension. Morphologically,

Lysionotus is well marked off from the other genera of

Aeschynantheae and is at the same time fairly homogeneous

in itself. Loxostigma which is generally placed next to

it and whose area coincides approximately with the

South Chinese and the Indian sections of the area of

Lysionotus differs clearly from it by having four perfect

stamens and yellow corollas. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering stem ; 2, lower half of a corolla, seen from within ; 3, upper

half of the same; 4, fertile stamens, x6; 5, pistil and calyx, x2; 6, disc

surrounding the base of the ovary, x5. Figs. 1 to 3, nat. size.

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fr. SPENCERA RAMALANA.

China. : !

RosacEAE, Tribe SANGUISORBEAE.

Spencera, Trimen; Focke in Engler & Prantl, Nat, Pflanzenf. III, 3, 48.

Spencera* ramalana, J’rimen in Journ, Bot. XVII. 97 (1879). Species unica

hucusque descripta.

Herba perennis, ad 25 cm. alta, undique laxe longiuscule hirsuta vel sericeo-

villosa, e rhizomate pluricipite foliorum vetustorum vestigiis brunneo-fuscis

dense squamato caespitosa ; rhizomatis rami foliorum fasciculum densum

et cum fertiles caulem erectum vel’ ascendentem imperfecte foliatum

emittentes. Caules floriferi in planta spontanea fere semper simplices,

in culta interdum ramosi, teretes. Folia perfecta basalia, impari-pinnata,

basi breviter vel ad 3 cm. vaginantia vaginis demum induratis, rhachi

gracili 2-5—12 em. longa; foliola plerumque 6- (rarius 4- vel 5-) iuga,

lateralia subsessilia, late elliptica e basi rotundata, apice grosse 2- (raro

3-) dentata, superiora 10—15 mm. longa, 5—10 mm. lata, infima multo minora,

omnia crassiuscula, viridia vel interdum ob hirsutiem copiosam argenteo-

sericea, tenuiter nervosa; foliolum terminale lateralibus simile nisi paulo

maius et semper 3-dentatum. Jolia caulina pauci- vel 1—iuga vel 3-secta

vel summa 3- vel 2-dentata, sursum in bracteas abeuntia, stipulis herbaceis

usque ad foliolorum vel segmentorum ortum rhachi adnatis praedita; foliola

vel segmenta vel stipulorum partes liberae angusta, acutissima. Inflores-

centia laxe racemosa, rarius subpaniculata, 5—20 cm. longa; bracteae

ambitu oblanceolatae, rarius latiores, 3-fidae vel 3-lobae vel superiores

integrae, anguste lanceolatae et acutae, 2—0°8 cm. longae ; pedicelli stricti,

4—1°5 cm. longi; bracteolae 2-nae, oppositae, alte in cupulam flori arcte

approximatam raro pauca mm. distantem connatae, argute grosse 4—5-

dentatae, dente intermedio 3—4 mm. longo, lateralibus commissuram

versus decrescentibus hirsutis et insuper uti tota cupula glanduloso-

pubescentibus. Receptaculum obconicum, vix 2 mm. longum, extra dense

albo-sericeum, intra glaberrimum, vertice disco late annuliformi et centro in

tubum brevem producto clausum. Sepala lanceolata, subulato-acuta,

7—8 mm. longa, hirsuta et glanduloso-pubescentia, extra ad sinus lobis

stipulaceis late rotundatis 1:5—2 mm. longis hirsuto-ciliatis additis, Petala

aurea vel crocea, obovata, basi in unguem contracta, 10—12 mm. longa,

ad 7 vel 8 mm. lata, patentia. Stamina 35—40; filamenta ad 6 mm. longa,

persistentia; antherae rotundatae, vix 1 mm. diametro. Carpella 2, in

receptaculo inclusa, ovato-oblonga, facie plana, dorso convexa, apice longe

hirsuta pilis ex tubo disci penicilli instar exsertis ; stylus filiformis, circiter

6 mm. longus; stigma punctiforme; ovula solitaria, ex loculi angulo

interiore pendula. Fructus spurius e flore praeter petala decidua paulo

“mutato nisi sicco et subindurato constitutus, totus deciduus. Acheniwm

1 perfectum, subglobosum, comatum, 3°5 mm. longum, pericarpio tenui

fusco-brunneo. Semen achenio conforme, exalbuminosum, testa tenuissima,

Cotyledones subquadratae, crassae, intra concavae; plumula et radicula

brevissimae. Forbes & Hemsley in Journ. Linn Soc. XXIII, 246 (1887) ;

Franchet, Pl. Delav. 216, t. 45 (1889).

* Trimen wrote Spenceria. I prefer the form Spencera, following the

usual practice in latinising names derived from proper names ending in er and

the recommendations of the International Code.

A perennial herb whose shortly and closely branched

rhizomes produce tufts of leaves and erect or ascending,

mostly simple flowering stems, all parts of the plant having

a loose and spreading, or sometimes dense and silvery

hairy covering. The basal leaves are pinnate with mostly

6 pairs of broadly elliptic and coarsely 2-toothed leaflets,

the upper and larger of which measure 10 to 15 mm. by

5 to 10 mm.; the terminal leaflet is slightly larger and

3-toothed. The stem-leaves are reduced to 2 or 1 pair

of leaflets with a pair of stipules adnate to the spindle

or. they are 3-cleft.or 3- to 2-toothed and they pass into —

similar or entire and lanceolate bracts; all these leaflets

or leaf-segments or stipules are narrow and very acute.

The flowers are grouped in somewhat stiff loose racemes,

5 to 20 cm. long and borne on straight pedicels, the

lower of which may be up to 4 em. long; each flower is

supported by and partly enclosed in a coarsely toothed

cup-like involucre formed of 2 bractlets which are, like

the pedicel and the calyx glandular and coarsely hairy.

The small receptacle is top-shaped, silvery-tomentose and

enclosed in. the involucre; it bears on the inner rim a

it is produced into a short tube. The sepals are lanceo-

late, very acute and 7 to 8 mm. long. The golden- or

reddish-yellow petals are obovate and shortly clawed and

measure 10 to 12 mm. by 7 to 8 mm. There are 35 to

40 stamens with persistent filiform filaments up to 6 mm.

long and small round anthers. The 2 carpels are com-

pletely enclosed in the receptacle, their simple filiform

styles protruding through the dise-tube along with a tuft

of silvery hairs from the upper part of the carpels. At

maturity the whole of the slightly enlarged, dried up and

rigid flower (with the exception of the petals which fall

early) separates very tardily from the flower-stalks inside

the involucre as a “‘ false fruit,” containing a single perfect

achene, enclosed in the slightly enlarged, but otherwise

hardly changed receptacle. The achene is almost globose

with a thin pale-brown membranous shell and a tuft of

hairs on the top and it measures about 3°5 mm. in length.

The seed has a very delicate seed-coat whilst the embryo

consists of 2 large almost square convex-concave coty-

ledons with a short radicle and minute plumule, |

| DIsTRIBUTION.—Szechuan ; on the high mountains

near Tachienlu and westwards to the Tibetan frontier,

from 3,000 to 5,000 m. Yunnan; in the mountains

north of Tali at 3,000 m.

This freely flowering and very decorative plant in-

habits the dry: highland-pastures of western Szechuan

and north-western Yunnan up to a very considerable

altitude. It became first known from a few inflores-

cences which Capt. W. J. Gill, R.E., the well-known

explorer, had brought home from his journey in western

China in 1877. They were collected on Ra ma la, between

Tachien-lu and Litang at an altitude of nearly 4,500 m.

Although the specimens were so incomplete, the structure

of the flowers was sufficient to allow Mr. H. Trimen to

recognize in them the type of a new genus which he named

after his friend Mr. Spencer le Marchant Moore, then an

assistant in the Kew Herbarium. Seven years later the

Abbé Delavay found the plant on the limestone mountain

Hee-chan-men, north of the lake of Tali, at 3,000 m.,

and it was his material from which Franchet gave for the

first time a complete description and illustration, except

for the ripe fruit which remained unknown until now.

Since then Spencera ramalana has frequently been

collected within the area described above, e.g. by Pratt

(588, 701), Soulié (658, 894), Wilson (3452), Forrest

(2734).

Trimen has already pointed out the affinity of Spencera

with the monotypic Mediterranean genus Aremonia

(from Tyrol and Italy through the Balkan Peninsula to

north-western Anatolia), from which it differs according

to him “in the remarkable development of the disk

. , in the more numerous stamens (30), in the simple

not capitate stigmas and in the possession of stipular

bractlets between the calyx-segments; as well as the

large flowers and probably quite different habit‘ and

foliage.” The affinity, I should say, is even closer ; for

Aremonia has: actually also a tubular, though more

fleshy, disc and stipular “‘ bractlets ’’ between the sepals ;

nor are the large. flowers characteristic of Spencera, as

there exists in the Kew Herbarium another hitherto

undescribed species* of that genus with flowers barely 1 em.

in diameter. Yet these two species have so much a

facies of their own, mainly due to the peculiarly shaped

leaflets, the elongated racemes and the persistent exser-

tion of the calyx from the involucre, whilst differing

at the same time from Aremonia in the great number of

stamens, the long-bearded carpels and the capitate

stigmas, that they are marked out as a type distinct from

Aremomia, to which we may accord generic rank.

Geographically and historically Spencera and Arimonia

are interesting as they suggest the addition of another

relic-link between the floras of southern Europe and

China-Japan. Spencera ramalana seems to have been

raised first in this country in the R. Botanic Garden

at Edinburgh from seed received from Forrest in 1911.

There the plants have grown with great vigour,

developed large rhizomes and flowered freely every

year. They have formed quite a colony in the rock-

garden where they are placed in a rather dry stony

position with plenty of slope. Mr. Bulley from whose

gardens at Neston, Cheshire, the material for our plate

was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Arthur W.

Hill, had the plant also from Forrest and apparently

from the same collecting. At Neston Spencera grew well

in the rock-garden in soil from the kitchen-garden with a

little peat added, and specimens near a ditch, so Mr. J.

Hope tells us, attained to an unusual size; but they

were all lost in the winter 1922-23. Considering what

we know of the conditions under which Spencera ramalana

grows in its native country it ought to be perfectly hardy

here, but it evidently requires dry well-drained soil and

lime rather than peat. O.S.

Fig. 1, a basal leaf, nat. size; 2, an inflorescence, nat. size ; 3, a flower with

the involucre, but without the petals, x3; 4, an involucre opened out X3;

5, a flower with the involucre removed, x3; 6, a stamen, X 5; 7, a section

through the receptacle, X6; 8 and 9, earpels in front- and side-view, x6;

10, a ripe “false fruit,’ «4; 11, a section through the “‘ false fruit,” x4;

12, an achene, X5; 13, an embryo, x5.

* Spencera parviflora, Stapf (sp. nov.); omnino habitu S. ramalanae,

Trimen, sed vix 10 cm, alta, foliolis ad 6 (raro 8) mm. longis, foliis caulinis

lanceolato-oblongis integris estipulatis, pedicellis sub anthesi vix 1 cm. attingen-

tibus, floribus apertis 8S—-10 mm. diametro, involucro breviter dentato dentibus

latis, receptaculi appendicibus brevissimis obtusis distincta.

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TAB. 9008.

PHOTINIA DAVIDIANA.

| China.

PoMACEAE. Tribe POMARIEAE.

“Puorm, Lindl.: Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 1. 627; Focke in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf.: III. 3. 25.

Photinia Davidiana, Cardot in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, XXV. 399 (1919) ;

a P. undulata, Cardot, proxima differt foliis maioribus 5—12 cm. longis 2—4°5 em.

latis plerumque oblanceolatis vel oblongis acutis vet acute acuminatis, inflores-

centiarum axibus et receptaculo subsericeo-tomentosis necnon fructu fulgide

coccineo.

- Frutex vel arbuscula, 1—10 m. altus, ramis verticillatim approximatis ; ramuli

novelli subsericeo-tomentosi, mox glabrati, cortice purpureo, annotini

cinerascentes. Gemmae oblongae, subacutae, ad 6 mm. longae, rubrae,

glabrae. Folia petiolata; lamina ex oblanceolato per oblongum ad

lanceolatum vergens, basi breviter acuta vel obtusa, apice saepe mucronu-

lata, integerrima, leviter crispo-undulata, 5—12 cm. longa, 2—4°5 cm. lata,

coriacea, novella pulchre purpurascens, mox viridis et subnitida, facie ad

costam tenuem et hincinde ad nervos parce adpresse pilosula, caeterum

saepe iam in gemma glaberrima, nervis utrinque 10—12 tenuissimis ;

petiolus 1—1:5 em. longus, facie canaliculatus et adpresse pubescens ;

stipulae subulatae, 5—6 mm. longae, rubrae, glabrae. Injlorescentiae

terminales, corymboso-paniculatae, 5—8 cm. longae, vix latiores; rami

subcernui, 5—3 cm. longi, inferiores ad 7-flori; bracteae et bracteolae

caducae; pedicelli 4—2 mm. longi. Receptaculum depresso-hemis-

_ phaericum, 3 mm. altum, fere 5 mm. diametro, subsericeo-tomentosum.

Sepala late ovata, acuta, glanduloso-apiculata, 1—1°5 mm. longa, dorso

minute dense vel laxe pilosula. Petala alba, suborbicularia, 4 mm. diametro,

abrupte in unguem brevem contracta, concava, subglabra. Stamina 20;

filamenta subaequilonga, 3:5 mm. longa; antherae atro-purpureae, ellip-

ticae, 1 mm. longae. Ovariwm 5-loculare, ad vel fere ad medium in recep-

taculo immersum, vertice libero hemisphaerico-ovoideo piloso; carpella

plerumque in centro inferne ad suturas libera, 2-ovulata ; styli 5, alte connati,

ultra 3 mm. longi, stigmata capitata. Fructus globosus, fulgide coccineus,

7—8 mm. diametro, sepalis persistentibus rubris filamentis atratis vertici

libero coriaceo-crustaceo integro incumbentibus coronatus ; mesocarpium

aequaliter carnosum ; endocarpium ad dorsum et ad latera tenuiter crusta-

eum et a mesocarpio facile solutum, Semina oblonga, obtusa, basi leviter

incurva, ad 4 mm. longa, testa tenui humefacta mucilaginem exudante.

Stranvaesia Davidiana, Decne in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, X., 179 (1874);

C. Schneider, Handb, Laubholzk, I. 713 (1906); Rehder & Wilson in

Sargent, Plant. Wilson. I. 192 (1912),

An evergreen shrub or small tree, 1 to 10 m. high, whose

slender branches are at first silkily tomentose, but soon

become glabrous and reddish. The thin leathery, some-

what wavy deep-green and slightly glossy leaf-blades are

borne on often red and downy stalks, 1 to 1-5 cm. long; they

vary from inversely lanceolate through oblong to lanceo-

late, have a roundish or acute base and often end in a

short straight point ; they measure from 5 to 12 cm. by

2 to 4°5 cm. and are traversed by 10 to 12 pairs of very

slender nerves ; deciduous red awl-shaped stipules flank

the leaf-stalk. The flowers are arranged in terminal

rather loose slightly drooping panicles or corymbs, 5 to

8 cm. long, whose axes like the receptacle and the small

ovate gland-tipped sepals are finely downy to tomentose.

The rather caducous white round and concave petals

measure about 4 mm. in diameter and they stand out

almost at right angles before they drop. There are 20.

stamens with dark-red anthers. The crown of the

5-celled ovary is downy and carries a shortly 5-cleft style

with knob-shaped stigmas. The mature fruits are

globose and brilliantly crimson with the persistent red

sepals closing over the crown; they measure 7 to 8 mm.

in diameter and contain a thinly crustaceous 5-celled

core which with the exception of the crown is surrounded

by a red moderately juicy flesh. The seeds, 1 or 2 in

each cell, are oblong, curved at the base and they

measure about 4 mm. in length.

DISTRIBUTION.—Szechuan ; mountains of Mupin, from —

2,300 to 2,500 m. Yunnan; from the Likiang range to

the mountains north of Lake Tali and westwards to the

Mekong-Salwin divide (in Lat. 27° 54’ N.) up to 3,000 m.

This shrub whose principal charm consists in the

contrast of its brilliantly coloured fruits and dark foliage

is one of Mr. Forrest’s numerous introductions. He

collected it repeatedly in the mountain-ranges which

divide the valleys of the Yangtse, Mekong and Salwin

in Lat. 27° 54’ to 28° 12’ at altitudes of 2,700 to 3,000 m.

(Nos. 15058, 16990, 19454, 19464, 19697, 20977). The

particular plant which provided the material for the

present plate was raised from one of those collectings.

Unfortunately the seed-number has been lost; but the

Marquis of Headfort to whom we are indebted for this

contribution tells me that he had the plant as a seedling

from the Royal Horticultural Society’s Garden at Wisley

in 1919, which enables us to connect it with a fair degree

of certainty with Forrest’s No. 15058. This was collected

in the Mekong-Salwin divide in open mixed forest in

November, 1917. It is here where it grows to the height

of over 10 m. Elsewhere the height is stated to vary

from 3 to 6 m. in the southern, and from 1°25 to 3 m. in

the northern section of the area. It reaches its northern

limit on the wooded slopes of the Pan lan shan (31° N.L.),

not many kilometres to the north of the mission-station

of Mupin where Pére Armande David discovered itin June,

1869. Professor H. Lecomte of the Museum d’ Histoire

Naturelle at Paris was good enough to send me a careful

tracing of the original of Franchet’s Stranvaesia Davidiana,

that is David’s plant. It is in fruit and agrees exactly

with our plant. Professor L. Diels described a very

similar form with more compact and far less hairy

inflorescences as S. Henryi. Henry had received it from

Szechuan in 1889 (No. 8953) and the same form has been

collected by Faber, Giraldi and Wilson on Mount Omei

and by Pratt near Tachienlu. Wilson and Schneider

consider it as conspecific with P. Davidiana. It is not in

cultivation and I am unable to say how far the characters

can be relied upon. Another closely related form is

Stranvaesia salicifolia Hutch., figured in this work on

t. 8862. It has narrow leaves with almost parallel sides

and short points and red fruits with a much protruding

“ crown.” I have seen no field specimen exactly corres-

ponding to it and its history is obscure. We may have to

reconsider the status of S. salicifolia, and eventually also

our concept of P. Davidiana and P. undulata; but, what-

ever the result, our plate will be helpful as an authentic

illustration of the typical form of P. Davidiana. I have

followed M. M. J. Cardot in referring our species (and

Stranvaesia undulata ; see Bot. Mag. t. 8418) to Photinia

instead of Stranvaesia on account of the absence of the

loculicidal dehiscence of the fruit which is the fundamental

character of Stranvaesia as a genus as already pointed out

by its author, Lindley. Conceived thus Stranvaesia. is

restricted to S. Nussia, Decne (S. glaucescens, Decne ;

Pyrus Nussia, Ham. ex D. Don), 8S. Brandisii, Stapf *

(S. sp., Brandis, Indian Trees, 293) and S. oblanceolata,

Stapf (S. Nussia var. oblanceolata, Rehder & Wilson). In

all these species the “‘ crown ”’ occupies half or more than

half of the matured ovary and, splitting loculicidally

* P. Brandisii, Stapf. (sp. nov.); P. Nussiae similis, sed floribus minoribus

et omnibus partibus glaberrima.—Burma, Ruby Mines District, Mogok,

Buchanan, 151.

down to the union with the receptacle, opens with -5

triangular-ovate valves which may finally become

detached, leaving behind the cup-shaped basal half of

the fruit. In Photinia on the other hand the “ crown”

remains entire, and the perfectly mature fruit is frequently

more of the nature of a berry. Thus defined Photinia com-

prises 30 to 40 species ranging over almost the whole of

the Indo-Malayan region, West- and South-west China

and the warmer parts of Japan. Morphologically the

genus is very homogeneous and many of its species are

closely connected. ‘The number of carpels (and styles)

is mostly 2, but 3 carpels occur occasionally in P. David-

soniae, and normally in P. obliqua*, 4 in P. scandens **

and 5 in the species figured here and its immediate allies

referred to above as well as in P. Havilandu ***, There

seems to be no particular correlation between the number

of styles and other salient characters. The genus

Pourthiaea (20 to 25 species) which is sometimes reduced

to Photinia may in my opinion be allowed to stand. It

has a facies of its own which in connection with the

presence of “concretions”? in the mesocarp and the

intense development of lenticels in the inflorescence

marks it as a distinct natural group. Its area is confined

to Japan and China with an extension to the eastern

Himalaya. P. Davidiana is grown in Lord Headfort’s

garden at Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland, in a small clearing

in an open wood under evidently perfectly congenial

conditions. It flowered there for the first time early in

the summer of 1922 and ripened its fruit in the following

winter. There is little doubt that it will prove hardy in

most parts of the country, like P. undulata, than which

it is a much more ornamental shrub. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a longitudinal section of a flower,

x4; 3, a petal, x5; 4, a fruiting branch, nat. size; 5, a longitudinal section

of a mature fruit, xX 3.

(*) P. obliqua, Stapf (sp. nov.) ; e grege P. glabrae, Decne, sed foliis oblanceo-

latis v. oblongis 9 cm. longis 3 em. latis nervis valde obliquis, pedicellis demum

ad 1 cm. longis.—China; Fokien, Foochow, Carles, 839.

** P, scandens, Stapf (sp. nov.); habitu scandente disinctissima, cola

oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis ad 13 cm. longis et 3°5 cm. latis,

fructibus rubro-atris—China; Yunnan, Shweli-Salwin divide, Forrest, 9329.

*** PB. Havilandii, Stapf (comb. nov. ‘pro Stranvaesia tntegrifolia, Stapf,

ob Photiniam integrifotiam, Lindley).

THE LIBGARY

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Tas. 9009.

CHAMAEBUXUS VAYREDAE.

Spain.

POLYGALACEAE, Tribe POLYGALEAE.

CHAMAEBUXUS, Spach; Polygala, Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. 1.136; Polygala

Sect. Chamaebuxus, DC. Prodr. I. 331; Chodat in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.

Pflanzeni. IIT. 4. 130 et Mon. Polygal. 93.

Chamaebuxus Vayredae, Wilik. Ill. Pl. Hisp. 33, t. xxiii. (1881); affinis

Chamaebuxo alpestri, Spach, sed foliis angustis lanceolatis vel linearibus deflexis

laxe dispositis, florum colore, appendicibus cristae alte multilobulatis, capsula

maiore latius alata differt.

Fruticulus raro 10 cm. multo altior, multicaulis; caules e basi procumbente

ascendentes, graciles, virides, glabri vel hicinde parce minute puberuli,

demum inferne efoliati. Gemmae axillares, ambitu obovatae vel ellipticae,

circiter 2 mm. longae, perulis late ovatis vel ellipticis virescentibus ramo

evoluto cito delabentibus. ola inferiora brevia, inter perulas et folia

perfecta intermedia, haec dissita, subsessilia, anguste lanceolata vel linearia,

acuta, margine subrevoluta, 2—2°5 cm. longa, 2°5—3 mm. lata, subcoriacea,

facie atro-viridia, dorso pallida, iuniora ad margines minute crispe pubescentia,

costatenui. Flores 1—3 in racemulos admodum abbreviatos axillares dispositi;

bracteae perulis gemmarum similes, 1 mm. vix longiores, deciduae ; pedicelli

graciles, ad 4mm. longi. Sepala exteriora inaequalia, posticum late cymbi-

forme, basi subsaccatum, a latere oblongum, obtusum, 4 mm. longum,

lateralia paulo breviora, planiora, elliptico-ovata, omnia membranacea,

virescentia vel saepius purpureo-suffusa; sepala interiora (alae) late obovata,

obtusa, basi anguste unguiculata, ad 15 mm. longa, ad 7 mm. lata, laete

roseo-purpurea, ungue torto patentia. Petala lateralia (postica) obovato-

lanceolata, oblique subtruncata, maxima parte tubo staminali adnata,

11—12 mm. longa, sub apice oblique transverse costata, colore alarum ;

petalum anticum (carina) cum lateralibus tubo staminali alte adnatum,

parte libera globoso-galeata, ad 3 mm. longum, luteum vel ochraceum,

appendice cristiformi 5-vel 7-lobulato. /Filamenta ad 2/3 in tubum postice

fissum connata (parte libera 4 mm. longa), sub antheras ipsas paulo

incrassata ; antherae 2-thecae, 0°6 mm. longae, demum bilabiatim apertae,

in carinae galea nidulantes. Discus ad glandulam posticam ovoideam

subdeflexam redactus. Ovarium sessile, a latere valde compressum, ambitu

obcordatum, anguste alatum, glabrum; stylus e basi tenui sursum incras-

satus, sigmatoideo-curvatus; stigma obscure 2-labiatum; labio postico

maiore. Capsula obcordata, 10-12 mm. longa, alis eleganter venosis lati-

usculis inclusis 10 mm. lata. Semina ellipsoidea, obtusissima, nigra, 4 mm.

longa, pilosula, arillo 3-partito albido, lobis lateralibus subfalcatis, intermedio

carinato antice acuminato. Cosson, Ill. Fl. Atl. I. 116 (1888); Polygala

Vayredae, Costa, Supl. Cat. Fl. Catal. 10. 91 (reimpr. e Memor. R. Acad.

Cienc. Nat. y Art. Barcelona); Vayreda, Pl. Not. Catal. in Anal. Soc.

Esp. Hist. Nat. VIII. 376, t. vii. (1880) ; Chod. in Arch. Se. Phys. et Nat.

3me pér. XVIII. 299 (1887) et XXV. 695, 701 (1891) et Mon. Polygalac. 114

(1891).

A small procumbent shrublet of the growth of Chamae-

buxus alpestris, but rather taller and looser, with relatively

distant deflexed leaves whose blades are mostly linear,

acute and slightly rolled back along the margins and

measure 2 to 25cm. to3 mm. The flowers spring from

the axils of the leaves either singly or in small very short

racemes of 2 or 3; they are carried on very slender stalks

about 4 mm. long. The outer sepals are membranous,

pale green or more often purplish and 3 to 4 mm. long ;

the inner two sepals or “wings” are much larger,

broadly and bluntly obovate from a narrow twisted claw,

they are up to 15 mm. long and almost half as wide and

of a bright rose-purple. The latter, two lateral petals and

the claw of the intermediate petal or ‘‘ keel” are grown for —

the most of their length to the back of the staminal tube ;

the former are obliquely obovate-lanceolate, 11 to 12 mm.

long and of the same colour as the “‘ wings,’ whilst the

“keel” has the shape of a globose hood with a 5- to

7-cleft. crest and is yellow. The ovary is much com-

pressed from the sides and heart-shaped ; it grows into

a winged capsule, 10 to 12 mm. long and 10 mm. wide,

including the rather wide and prettily veined wings.

The few ellipsoid seeds are 4 mm. long and finely hairy

and carry a 3-cleft aril of a peculiar shape (see fig. 9). }

DISTRIBUTION.—Spain ; Catalonia, on dry hills in the

District of Olot.

Like Lithospermum oleifoliwum (see t. 8994 of this

volume) Chamaebuxus Vayredae is confined to a very

small area in the southern foot-hills of the eastern

Pyrenees. It is recorded with certainty only from the

Coll de Carreras in the eastern watershed of the Ter, a

few kilometers to the north-east of Campredon and to

the north of the Vall de Bach, the head of a valley whose

waters flow eastwards to the Llera and Fluvia. This

locality is only about 10 kil. distant from the nearest

station of Lithospermum oleifolium. Colmeiro suggests

that the “ Polygala Chamaebuxus” of Asso from “ Mt.

Urguel ”’ (between Seo de Urguel and Arfa and 75 kil. due

west of Camprodon) may also be Chamaebuxus Vayredae,

but Asso’s statement has never been verified. Our

plant seems to have been discovered more than a hundred

years ago by the elder Bolés (Francesco Javier, 1773-

1844), a citizen of Olot, the capital of the district in which

the Coll de Carreras is situated ; for there is a specimen

in Bolés’es Herbarium which was named *“ Polygala

Chamaebuxus’”’ by the Abbé Pourret who died in 1818.

It was rediscovered by Estanislao Vayreda y Vila in

1877 and described the same year by A. C. Costa as a

new species, Polygala Vayredae, in dedication to his

friend, like himself a very active student of the Cata-

lonian flora. The altitude of the Coll de Carreras is

given as 800 m. by Willkomm, who also describes it as

‘“‘ bush-covered.” The confusion with C. alpestris (Poly-

gala Chamaebuxus) is not surprising as the similarity of

our plant with the common species of the Alps is con-

siderable, but the characters referred to in the differential

diagnosis given above have been found sufficient to

secure the general recognition of the Catalonian form as a

distinct species. It is indeed more than doubtful that

C. alpestris occurs in the Pyrenees. I have already

referred to Asso’s record of it. Another is by La Pey-

rouse (1818) who indicates it from Ceret on the French

side of the eastern Pyrenees. This too has been called

in doubt by Grenier and Godron and definitely refused

by Bubani. On the other hand Rouy and Foucaud in

their Flore de France cite two specimens as purporting to

be of Pyrenean origin, one without locality in the her-

barium of Martrim Donos and the other from “ Ceret

(Franqueville, Herb. Foucaud).” Generally, however,

the French Alps are accepted as marking the western-

most extension of the area of C. alpestris whence the

species is widely distributed through the Alps with an

extension to the Apennines and with more or less

isolated outposts in the Dinarian Alps, in the Carpathians

of Southern Transylvania and in the hills and mountains

of Bohemia and South- and Central-Germany. The

discontinous character of the area of the genus is further

emphasized by the distribution of the other species of

Chamaebuxus in the sense in which it is understood here.

These are C. Munbyana (Polygala Munbyana, Boiss. et-

Reut.)in Algeria (Cherchel to Oran), C. Webbiana (P. Web-

biana, Coss.)in North Morocco (Tetuan) and the extremely

xerophytic C. Balansae (P. Balansae, Coss.) on the slopes of

the Great Atlas. Thus limited, Chamaebuxus represents

an obviously natural and well defined genus. Probably of

general distribution in the pre-glacial Mediterranian belt,

its area is now badly broken up and in the western half it

is apparently doomed to extinction. The conception of

C’. alpestris as the type of a distinct genus is no innovation.

It originated with the pre-Linnean writers (Bauhin,

Clusius, Tournefort) ; it was obliterated in the artificial

system of Linneeus; it was revived by Spach (1839),

confused by Hasskarl (1848) in an attempt to place a

number of Indo-Malayan shrubs, and merged again in a

wide concept of Polygala which became the vaguer the

more it was made to cover (10 sections with 28 sub-

sections and about 400 species in Chodat’s monograph, —

1891). The inevitable reaction set in with Willkomm

(1878)* and some of the best of the modern floras have

followed him.

For the material from which the present plate was pre-

pared we are indebted to Sir John Ross of Bladensburg

of Rostrevor, Co. Down, Ireland, who has had the plant

in cultivation for many years. The plant is perfectly

hardy and requires the same treatment as C. alpestris

which for obvious reasons is more frequently seen in

gardens. C. Vayreda rivals if it does not surpass as a

rock-plant the purple-flowered form of C. alpestris ;

it spreads well, forms a good carpet and blooms freely.

It flowers in its home late in April and in this country

late in May, while in the Alps, A. alpestris is one of the

early harbingers of spring. O.8.

Fig. 1, flowering stems, nat. size; 2, young leaves, X2; 3, a flower, X2;

4, a corolla, spread out with stamens and pistil enclosed in the carinal petal,

x3; 5, a-d, stamens in various stages and positions, X 16; 6, a pistil in side-

view, X3; 7, a young fruit, «6; 8, the same in section, X6; 9, a seed (after

Willkomm, III. Plant. Hisp.), x 16.

* Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., III. pars. iii. 55.

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PIMELEA PROSTRATA.

New Zealand.

THYMELAEACEAE. Tribe PIMELEERAE.

PIMELEA, Banks & Solander ex Gaertn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III.

189; Grlg in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. Tl. 6a. 242.

_ Pimelea prostrata, Willd., Spec. Plant. I. 57 (1797); P. Urvilleanae, A. Rich.,

proxima, quae differt tomento ramorum florumque densissimo niveo et foliis

crassioribus.

Fruticulus prostratus vel suberectus, ramosissimus ; rami interdum in mattam

laxam intricati, rarius in pulvinum coarctati, primarii saepe perlongi,

secundarii breves, iuniores dense adpresse albo- vel- subgriseo-hirsuti vel

tomentosi, vetusti tarde glabrati, cortice rugoso brunnescente vel fuscescente.

Folia decussata, in ramis secundariis quadrifariam congesta, sessilia, oblonga,.

obtusa, 5—6 mm. longa, 2—2°5 mm. lata, coriacea, glabra, matura atro-

viridia, summa vix latiora et pallidiora, omnia in axilla comam pilorum

brevium alborum gerentia. lores polygamo-dioici, albi, suaveolentes, ad

ramulorum lateralium apices capitatim congesti, capitulis saepe multifloris.

Perianthium spurium extra albo-villoso-sericeum, diu persistens; receptacu-

lum (tubus) 2—3 mm. longum, basi magis minusve ampliatum ; sepala 4,

obovata, 1—2 mm. longa. Petala nulla. Stamina 2; filamenta in ore tubi

inserta, in flore 2 brevissima, caeterum ad 0°6 mm. longa; antherae in flore

? imperfectae, saepe valde reductae, minutae, caeterum ad 9°6 mm. longae.

Ovartum ovoideo-ellipsoideum vel oblongum, apice breviter comoso-

pilosum ; stylus iuxta apicem ovarii ortus, demum 1°5—1°8 mm. longus,

exsertus; stigma capitatum, papillosum vel in flore ¢ minutum et fere

glabrum. Fructus drupaceus, subglobosus, 2°5 mm. diametro, diu perian-

thio spurio emarcido vestitus; putamen lenticulare, oblique orbiculari-

ovatum, 1°5 mm. diametro. A. Richard, in Voyage de 1’Astrolabe, Bot.

(Ess. Fl. Nouv. Zel.) 174 (1832); Hook. f., Fl. Nov. Zel. I. 220 (1854) et

Handb. New-Zeal. Fl. 244 (1864) ; P. laevigata, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 186, t. 39,

fig. 1 (1788); Cheeseman, Man. N. Zeal. Fl. 61 (1906), non Linn. Banksia

prostrata, J. N. & G. Forster, Beschr. Gatt. Pfl. Ins. Siid-See, 8 (1779).

Passerina prostrata, Linn. f., Suppl. 227 (1771); Forst. Prodr. 172 (1786).

Cookia prostrata, Gmel. Syst. 24 (1791).

A low much branched shrub with often very long main-

branches and numerous short side-branches, or more or

less erect, loosely matted or forming cushions, appres-

sedly silky or tomentose on the young branches and in

the leaf-axils ; the old bark reddish-brown to dark grey.

The oblong and blunt leathery leaves are sessile and

crowded in four ranks in the younger parts and

particularly on the side-branches or more loosely arranged

in decussate pairs in the older parts of the main-branches ;

they are quite glabrous and dull green. The white

sweet-scented flowers are collected into small heads at

the ends of the side-branches ; they are slightly dimorphic

and polygamo-dioecious, some individuals bearing mostly

hermaphrodite, others mostly (or only ?) female flowers,

the latter being generally smaller. The externally silky

‘“ perianth ’’ consists of a tube, 2 to 3 mm. long, and of

4 obovate sepals, measuring | to almost 2mm. by 1 mm.

There are no petals. The 2 stamens are inserted in the

throat of the “ perianth ’’ and have either perfect oblong

anthers up to 0°6 mm. long and borne on filaments of

almost equal length (hermaphrodite flowers), or the —

anthers are imperfect and very small with very short

filaments (female flowers). The ovary is ovoid-oblong

with the threadlike style rising by the side of the hairy

top and carrying the pin-head-like stigma beyond the

anthers. The frwit is a small drupe with a lentil-shaped

stone, long enclosed in the dried-up “ perianth.”’

DIsTRIBUTION.—The typical form in the North Island,

particularly on the coast, other forms in the interior of

the North Island and all over the South Island.

This is the only species of Pimelea which so far has

been grown in the open air at Kew, although there is

apparently no reason why other New Zealand species

should not succeed equally well. Pimelea prostrata is a

common element in the vegetation of the coast of the North

Island of New Zealand, either growing in the shingle or

on the dunes and cliffs of the shore and varying much in

appearance according to the nature of the habitat. In

parts of the interior of the North Island and throughout

the interior of the South Island it is represented by very

similar forms, some of which have been described as

distinct species (P. rugulosa, P. microphylla, P. bicolor,

P. heterophylla). Typical P. prostrata as well as these

subsidiary or doubtful forms follow there the shingly beds

of rivers or enter heath-like formations, ascending

occasionally to considerable altitudes. They.are still

impertectly understood and their taxonomic status is an

open question which for its solution. requires field-work

and experiment for which the younger school of New

Zealand botanists is admirably equipped. It may, how-

ever, be remarked that the ample material from the

South Island, preserved in the Herbarium at Kew, has

throughout a peculiar facies which, in the smaller speci-

mens, recalls Hwphorbia chamaesyce and suggests more

than a mere phase of an unstable unit. The discrimina-

tion of these forms is also rendered difficult by the some-

what vague dimorphism of the flowers which, moreover,

are polygamo-dioecious. G. M. Thomson* who has

studied the plant in the field distinguishes (1) truly

hermaphrodite flowers, (2) functionally male flowers with

long exserted anthers and with a small ovary that

lengthens when the anthers have dehisced and carries a

minute almost glabrous stigma, and (3) functionally

female flowers with minute shrivelled subsessile anthers

and a capitate hairy or papillose stigma on a long exserted

style. The plant represented here has flowers of the first

type, and it fruited the year before it was drawn, but

not during the winter 1923-24, probably owing to its

severity. Most of the herbarium material examined was

apparently of the same type, bearing in not a few cases

mature fruits whilst a number of specimens were of the

third type and at once recognisable by the small flowers.

Functionally male plants were probably present too, but

they are difficult to recognise in dried plants. The bearing

of these conditions on the raising of seed in cultivation is

obvious. However modest the flowers of Pimelea pros-

trata May appear in our plate, their effect when seen en

masse may be gauged from a photograph of a cushion of

a specimen observed by C. A. Fowerackert in the shingle-

bed of the Cass River, Canterbury Division. It

measures 50 cm. in diameter and it is completely

smothered with flowers. The same author points out

that the main-root of P. prostrata penetrates generally

to a considerable depth (60 cm. in one case) so that the

plant becomes to a high degree independent of the

fluctuations of the water-table in the subsoil.

The plant from which our plate was prepared has been

in cultivation at Kew for a number of years. It was

originally grown in a pot, but did not thrive well. Three

years ago it was planted out in a sheltered recess outside

the Temperate House where it has since flowered freely.

* G. M. Thomson in Trans. New. Zeal. Inst., XIII. 282 (1880).

t C. A. Foweracker in Trans. New Zeal. Inst., XLIX. 38 (1916).

A protected corner in a “moraine” or a rock-garden

with plenty of depth and with ground-water within reach

would probably be a more suitable place.

Fig. 1, a part of a plant, nat. size; 2, a cluster of flowers, x4; 3, a flower,

x8; 4, a flower, cut open, X8; 5, perfect anthers, x 16.

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pseudobulbs ; they consist of a short sheathing base and

a broadly oblong apiculate blade, up to 6 cm. long and

18 cm. wide, very bright green and smooth, a fine trans-

verse green or purplish line marking the articulation of

the blade with the sheath. The brilliantly coloured

flowers (2:2 to 2-4 cm. long) are carried, mostly in pairs,

more rarely singly or in threes, on specialised very short

bracteate shoots rising laterally from the shorter pseudo-

bulbs. The six-grooved slender receptacle measures, to-

gether with the short flower-stalk, 1:5 cm. in length. The

sepals and petals are similar in shape, size and colour—a

bright carmine—except that the lateral sepals are very

oblique at the base owing to their being adnate to and con-

tinued along the slender chin which is adpressed to the

receptacle, and that the petals are rather obovate than

ovate and very blunt; the sepals and petals exclusive of the

oblique base of the lateral pair of the former measure

about 12 mm. by 5to 6mm. The somewhat pointed or

obtuse lip is boat-shaped with a long attenuated base

and only slightly exceeded by the lateral sepals ; the lip

is very pale at the base and yellow to orange with a flush

of carmine in the upper exposed part. The column ‘is

short and minutely toothed. The anther which is borne

on a slender short filament is whitish with a maroon-

coloured front. The pollinia are oblong and 1:5 mm.

long.

DisTRIBUTION.—Louisiades Archipelago, hills of

Rossell Island.

Dendrobium laevifolium is a recent introduction by Sir

Jeremiah Colman of Gatton Park, Reigate, to whose

courtesy we owe the opportunity of figuring this most

charming plant. It was collected by Mr. J. C. Frost on

Rossell Island, one of the Louisiades, an archipelago of

small islands situated in the direct continuation of the

south-eastern-most point of New Guinea. It grows there,

so Sir Jeremiah informs me, on moss-covered saplings,

only 6 to 7 cm. in diameter, in the mist-belt of the moun- |

tains at an altitude of 360 to 450 m. and in a perpetually

moist atmosphere.

Dendrobium laevifolium has so much in common with

D. asperifolium with which it has been compared above

that Dr. J. J. Smith of Buitenzorg, the author of that

species, to whom I submitted a fragment of a flowering

specimen of our plant, considered it as a mere variety of

it; but the anatomical structure of the leaf and to a

lesser degree the shape of the lip afford sufficient charac-

ters for specific distinction. D. asperifolium, of which

Dr. Smith was good enough to communicate to me a leaf

of the original preserved in spirit, owes its name to the

presence of small wart-like protuberances on the leaves,

the receptacles and other parts. These are due to the

enlargement of cell-groups after the manner of palisade-

cells immediately below the epidermis; they are

absent in D. laevifoliwm whose leaves appear therefore

perfectly smooth. Both species, however, possess the

minute pits (described as ‘‘ puncti impressi”’) and these

require a few words of explanation. They are small

funnel-shaped depressions in the epidermis which hold

the basal cell of a minute hair that breaks down very

early. Mébius in a paper in Vol. XVIII. of Pringsheim’s

Jahrbiicher has fully described these hairs which accor-

ding to him are typical of certain groups of Dendrobiwm

and may therefore be of some taxonomic value.

Dendrobium laevifolium belongs to the section Oxy-

glossum which comprises over 50 species, all but a few

endemic in New Guinea. They are noteworthy on

account of their general habit of which our species is a

characteristic example and of the fact that a number of

them which moreover have showy flowers grow in assem-

blages large enough to become attractive objects in the

scenery. According to Schlechter they are, like our

Species, generally confined to the mist-belt of the moun-

tains, but in the south-eastern part of Dutch New

Guinea, for instance on Mount Goliad, they occur at all

levels up to the summit, often growing on rocks.

The discovery in the Louisiades of an Oxyglossum-

Dendrobium so similar to D. asperifolium that it might

be confused with it suggests the presence of other allied

species in the intervening area, a region extending over

1,500 kil. from west to east, although so far comparatively

few dendrobiums have become known from south-eastern

New Guinea, no doubt mainly because its botanical ex-

ploration is deplorably incomplete. But, however much

we may still expect from that quarter, such knowledge as

we have seems to suggest that it will never rival the

extraordinary wealth which the genus displays in the

western and northern sections of the island. There the

recent work of Dr. Rudolf Schlechter in “‘ German ” New

Guinea and of Dr. J. J. Smith for Dutch New Guinea

has revealed an abundance of orchids generally, which

is unsurpassed in any other part of the world of equal

size. Among them Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium take

the first places, Dendrobium alone accounting already for

over 400 species, distributed over a score of sections,

against the 55 species of Java and the 158 species of the

Flora of British India; yet neither of those sections of

New Guinea can be said to have been more than “tapped.”

The cultivation of D. laevifolium does not appear to be

difficult as long as it is in harmony with the conditions

of its native habitat. Mr. J. Collier, Sir Jeremiah’s

gardener, writes that at Gatton Park D. laevifolium is

planted in a shallow pan suspended high up near the

glass-roof of a house with intermediate temperature and

a rather moist atmosphere and it is never allowed to go

very dry. Under such conditions it thrives very well

and flowers freely and regularly. 0.5,

Fig. 1, a whole plant, nat. size; 2, a flower with its bract, x2; 3, the same

with one of the lateral sepals and a petal removed, x2; 4, the lip, somewhat

flattened out, <3; 5, tip of the lip flattened out, 3; 6, column in front-view,

x4; 7, anther, X 8.

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CENTRADENIA FLORIBUNDA.

Central America.

MELASTOMATACEAE. ‘Tribe MICROLICIEAR.,

CENTRADENIA, G. Don; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 739; Cogn., Melast.

in Cas. DC., Mon. Phan. VII. 116; Krasser in*Engl. & Prantl, Nat.

Pflanzenf. ITI. 7. 151.

Centradenia floribunda, Planchon in Fl. des Serr. v. t. 543 (1849); a caeteris

speciebus generis staminibus subaequalibus differt.

Herba perennis, multicaulis, 2—4 dm. alta, caulibus multiramosis erectis obscure

tetragonis rubescentibus parce strigilloso-pubescentibus vel tandem glabratis,

novellis praeterea glanduloso-pilosulis. Folia cuiusque iugi aequalia vel

magis minusve (interdum maxime) disparia; lamina late oblongo-lanceolata

vel lanceolata, acuta vel acute acuminata, sensim in petiolum contracta,

maior 4—8 cm. longa, 0°8—2°5 cm. lata, minor interdum 1 ecm. haud

attingens, membranacea, viridis, utrinque laxe vel parce pilosula, ad

margines ciliolata, 3-nervis; petiolus sanguineo-purpureus, brevis vel

foliorum maiorum ad 5 mm. longus. Cymae helicoideae, ad caules summos

in corymbum ad 5 cm. latum saepe multiflorum collectae, ad ramulorum

apices pauciores, corymbulosae, tandem elongatae et laxe racemiformes,

omnibus partibus (receptaculo et calyce inclusis) glanduloso-puberulae ;

bracteae lineares vel oblongae, tenuissime membranaceae, pallidae, ad 4 mm.

longae, caducissimae ; pedicelli graciles, ad 5 mm. longi. Receptaculum

late campanulatum, subquadrangulare, 4 mm. longum, fere ad medium

ovario adnatum, abhinc in tubum productum. Sepalalate ovata, obtusius-

cula, 1 mm. longa. Petala late elliptica vel obovato-rotundata, ad 7 mm.

longa, 5 mm. lata, pallide rosea. Stamina 8; filamenta 3 mm. longa,

purpurascentia; maiorum antherae oblongae, obtusae, apice poro dehis-

centes, ad 1°55 mm. longae, connectivo basi ad 0°5 mm. producto antice

truncato et minute denticulato, minorum antherae simillimae nisi breviores

et pro rata latiores, appendice antico minute 2-dentato. Ovarium 4-loculare,

ad septa receptaculo late adnatum, vertice convexo 4-lobato sursum 4-

carinato styli basin annulo glanduloso-pilosulo cingente ; stylus purpureus,

antheras paululo superans; stigma punctatum. Capsula in receptaculo

paulo aucto inclusa, 3 mm. longa, 4-valvis, polysperma. Semina oblonga,

papilloso-asperula, 0°}3—5 mm. longa. Trianain Trans. Linn. Soc. XXVIII.

33, t. 1. fig. 15B (1871); J. Donnell Smith, Enum. Pl. Guatemal. IT. 20

(1891), III. 26 (1893); Cogn. in Cas. DC., Mon. Phan. VII. 118 (1891);

Boynton in Addisonia II. t. 73 (1917).

A perennial much branched herb with reddish slightly

four-angled stems up to 4 dm. high. The leaves of each

pair are equal or more often unequal, in which case one

is not unfrequently very small; the membranous green

and sparingly hairy blades are oblong-lanceolate or

lanceolate, gradually narrowed into the short blood-red

stalk and sharply pointed at the other end; the larger

of them are 4 to 8 cm. by 0°8 to 25cm. The flowers are

arranged in cymes which are grouped in many flowered

corymbs at the ends of the stems and main-branches or

terminate the numerous branchlets, the cymes lengthening

out gradually into loose false racemes; all parts of the

inflorescence are loosely covered with gland-tipped hairs.

The receptacle, together with the 4 short ovate sepals, is

4-5 mm. long and bell-shaped. The spreading pale

pink petals are roundish-elliptic and up to 7 mm. long.

There are 8 almost equal stamens with short blunt pale-

yellow anthers which are attached to the pinkish fila-

ments by a short downward continuation of the connec-

tive which projects in front slightly beyond the attach-

' ment, ending with a more or less toothed process. The

4-celled ovary is united with the receptacle over the

dissepiments up to the middle; it has a slightly 4-lobed

crown from the centre of which the style rises surrounded

by a ring of minute gland-tipped hairs. The thin-walled

capsule is enclosed in the slightly enlarged receptacle and

emits the small reddish-brown rough seeds by 4 valves.

DISTRIBUTION.—Guatemala, from 300-2,400 m.; also

western Honduras.

This plant became first known through van Houtte of

Ghent who had received seeds of it from Guatemala from

which he raised the plant described by Planchon as C.

floribunda. It has since frequently been collected in

many parts of Guatemala at altitudes from 300 to over

2,400 m. and also in the adjoining part of the Republic

of Honduras. Unfortunately the collectors have not

informed us under what conditions this charming plant

grows in its home. In cultivation it is generally treated

as a stove-plant, but the high altitude at which it is

found occasionally in Guatemala suggests that it might

be equally suitable for a temperate green-house. It can

be reproduced either from seed, which it produces freely,

or from cuttings. It thrives in rich leaf-mould mixed

with sharp sand, but it requires sun-light for the perfection

of its flowers. The particular specimen from which our

plate has been drawn was grown at Kew where our plant

has been in cultivation for many years. The flowers are

somewhat delicate and do not last long, but the great

number in which they are produced and the long period —

of flowering compensate amply for their frailty. :

Centradenia comprises as known at present five species,

all natives of Central America and the southern states of

the Mexican Republic. One of them, C. grandiflora, a

more robust plant of rather different appearance with

winged stems and large asymmetric leaves has been

figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 5228). The other

species of which C. inaequilateralis—in gardens some-

times known as C. rosea—has been long in cultivation,

resembles our plant except for the marked dimorphism

of the anthers. Centradenia is the only genus of the

large tribe Microlicieae which is found outside of South

America apart from the remarkable instance of Rhyn-

chanthera mexicana which has been collected at Panama

and in the State of Vera Cruz, whilst the bulk of the

genus is confined to Brazil and the Guyanas.

Fig. 1, a flowering stem, nat. size; 2, a flower in side view, X2°5; 3, a

flower opened out with the pistil removed, x 2°5; 4, one of the larger stamens,

x 10; 5, one of the smaller stamens, x 10; 6, pistil with the receptacle removed,

x5; 7, the crown of an ovary surrounded by the calyx, <8; 8, section through

a receptacle and ovary, Xx 7.

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PHILODENDRON TERETIPES.

Colombia.

ARACEAE, Tribe PHILODENDREAE.

PHILODENDRON, Schott; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. III. 978; Engl. in

Cas. DC. Mon. Phan. II. 355 et in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IT. 3. 132

et in Engl., Pflanzenreich IV. 23 Db. 1.

Philodendron teretipes, Sprague in Kew Bull. 1916, 197; P. Glaziovit, Hook.

f., simile, sed petiolis plane teretibus, foliorum laminis angustioribus inaequaliter

nervosis, inflorescentia brevissime pedunculata, loculis pauci-ovulatis necnon

habitu distinctum ; inter species Andinas prope P. stenophyllum, Krause, ponen-

dum a quo vero distat foliis minoribus, spatha multo longiore flavescente et spadicis

sectionum ratione.

Herba epiphytica; caulis descendens, 15 cm. longus, teres, ad 1°5 em. crassus,

internodiis brevibus superioribus 2—1 ecm. longis. Jolta patula; lamina

oblongo-lanceolata, acute acuminata, basi anguste subrotundata, 14—28 cm.

longa, 4—7 cm. lata, pulchre viridis, subnitida, marginibus rubris, nervis

primariis utrinque ad 16 quam intermedii distinctioribus angulo 50°—60°

abeuntibus, costa inferne crassa; petiolus teres, 15—20 cm. longus, sub

apice ita curvatus ut lamina pendula fiat, ima basi per 1°5 cm. vaginans,

Superne rubescens vel ruber. Pedunculus vix ullus vel ad 2 cm. longus, ad

8 mm. crassus. Spatha apogeotropica, e basi anguste involuta sensim

ampliata et aperta, obovato-oblonga, obtusa vel breviter cuspidata, 14—17

em. longa et 5—7 cm. lata, pallide flavescens, basi ad spadicis insertionem

- late sanguineo-maculata. Spadix subsessilis, basi per 4°5 cm. spathae

oblique adnatus, cylindricus, 8°5—18 ecm. longus, ad 1:5 cm. diametro.

Inflorescetttia 2 2—4°5 cm. longa, fuscescenti-aurea. Prstilla breviter

obovoidea, 1°5—2 mm. longa, stigmate orbiculari | mm. diametro ; loculi

circiter 10; ovula in quoque loculo 3 vel 4 funiculo longiusculo dense

pilosulo e placenta stipitiformi orto suffulta, muco copioso induta.

Inflorescentia 3 sordide albida. Flores subtriandri. Antherae late obconicae

apice late truncatae, 1:7 mm. latae.. Fructus ignotus.

This is an epiphyte with a short cylindric closely

noded descending stem whose leaves (5 to 7) stand out

almost at right angles on reddish or bright-red stalks,

15 to 20 cm. long and 1 ecm. thick at the base and so

curved in the upper part that the blades become deflexed.

The blades are lanceolate-oblong, acutely acuminate,

narrowed towards the rounded base and they measure 14

to 28 cm. by 4 to 7 cm.; they are slightly glossy and

beautifully green with red margins and they have a stout

midrib and numerous close and fine nerves among which

about 16 on each side are slightly more prominent than

the rest. The spathe is borne upright on a very short

stout stalk, and opens out gradually from a narrow tube ;

it is obovate-oblong, blunt or shortly cusped and of a

rich creamy colour with a large crimson blotch around

the insertion of the spadix and it measures up to 17 cm.

by 5 to 7 cm. The cylindric spadix is obliquely adnate

to the spathe which it equals or slightly exceeds and it

is up to 1-5 cm. wide. The female portion is 2 to 4°5 cm.

long and densely covered by the shortly obovoid pistils

with their golden- or brownish-yellow circular stigmas,

the ovaries being 10-celled with 3 or 4 ovules in each cell.

The male portion which occupies the remainder of the

spadi« is dull or dirty white and covered by the closely

packed and broadly truncate anthers.

DistRIBUTION.—Colombia (exact locality unknown).

The plant figured in the accompanying plate appeared

accidentally in the Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin with

a plant of Zygopetalum Sanderianum which had been

purchased from Mr. O’Brien in July, 1911. As the

Zygopetalum was introduced from Colombia it appears

safe to assume that our plant has the same origin, and

the more so as its morphological characters connect 1t

rather closely with a small group of Andine species,

extending from Colombia to Bolivia. The resemblance

with P. Glaziovii (Bot. Mag. t. 6813) is rather striking at

the first glance, but the short descending stem, the

narrower leaves, the subsessile spathes with their per-

fectly cylindric petioles and the small number of ovules

in each cell remove it clearly from that Brazilian species.

P. teretipes is grown at Glasnevin in an orchid pan and

flourishes, so Mr. Be8ant writes, “‘ in the temperature of

the Masdevallia House under much cooler conditions

than the majority of philodendrons.”

Fig. 9 of our plate was drawn with the outlines of the

ovules obscured by the mucilage which fills the ovary

cells. Another figure (10) has therefore been added to

show their shape and attachment to the densely hairy

funicles. It is evidently those hairs which secrete the

mucilage. O.5.

Fig. 1, a whole flowering plant hanging from the pan in which it was grown,

x4; 2 aleaf; 3, aspathe with spadix; 4, the base of aspathe cut open to

show the oblique attachment of the spadix; 5, a spacix (figs. 2 to 5, nat. size) ;

6, three stamens, representing a flower; 7, a pistil, in side view; 8, the same

seen from above; 9, the same in longitudinal section (figs. 6-9, x 10); 11, ovules,

freed from mucilage, x 15.

Rie

SS on aaa

L, Snelling. del AW Darnell, lith

H.F.&G Witherby, London.

Tas. 9014.

RHODODENDRON APODECTUM.

China.

—

ERICACEAE. Tribe RHODODENDREAE,

RHODODENDRON, Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. Il. 599; Drude in

Engl. & Pranil, Nat. Planzenf. TV. 1. 35.

Rhododendron apodectum, Balj. f. @ W. W.. Smith in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb.

X. 83 (1917); arcte affinis R. dichroantho, Diels, et R. sangwineo, Franch., sed

ab utroque foliis basi rotundatis vel subcordatis pro rata latioribus in dorso

potius griseis vel griseo-fuscis et obscure nervatis distinctum, a posteriore insuper

calyce membranaceo, corolla magis tubulosa, filamentis puberulis differt.

Prutex ad 2°5 m. altus; ramuli subtortuosi, crassiusculi, iuniores parce niveo-

floccosi, annotini glabrati, cortice griseo. Gemmae obovoideae, acuminatae,

circiter 5 mm. longae; perulae extimae ovato-lanceolatae, subulato-

acuminatae, magis minusve niveo-floccosae. Folia petiolata; lamina

elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, basi rotundata vel subcordata, apice obtusa

vel subobtusa, hydatoda callosa apiculata, 3—7 cm. longa, 1:7—3°5 em.

lata, crasse coriacea, ad marginem revoluta, facie viridis, glaberrima, nitida,

costa et nervis lateralibus et venarum rete tenui arcto impressis, dorso

obscure nervosa, sordide grisea vel pallide griseo-fusca, indumento tenui

compacto e pilis arctissime intertextis constituto, pilis e stipite brevissimo

radiatis, radiis 5—10 elongato-vesiculosis ; petiolus 5—15 mm. longus, primo

albo-floccosus, deinde glabratus. 3 in pedunculo brevissimo umbel-

lati; perulae rotundatae, acuminato-apiculatae, coriaceae, ad 9 mm. longae ;

bracteae obovato-ellipticae; bracteolae filiformes, 6—12 mm. longae, tenuiter

fulvo-tomentosae ; pedicelli ad 2°5 em. longi. Calyx cupularis, carnosulus,

irregulariter 5-lobatus lobis magis minusve r otundatis inaequalibus 8—12 mm.

longis, glaber, coccineus vel partim flavescens. Corolla tubuloso-cam-

panulata, aurantiaco-coccinea vel coccinea, carnosula, glabra, tubo 2—3 cm.

longo intra inter nectaria bilamellato lamellis per paria apice iunctis latius-

culis ad 7 mm. longis alte in tubum intrusis, lobis 5 erecto-patentibus

rotundatis 1—1:4 em. longis 1:2—-1°4 em. latis. Stamina 10, inaequalia,

longiora ad 3 cm. longa; filamenta alba vel basi rubescentia, inferne paulo

dilatata et magis minusve papillosa; antherae atrae vel fusco-purpureae,

ad 2°5 mm. longae. Ovariwm ovoideum, 5-suleatum, 6—7 mm. longum,

virescens, dense pilis fasciatis exsiccando fulvescentibus obtectum ; stylus

ad 3 cm. longus, viridis, stigmate vix expanso. Capsula nigricans, rufo-

floccosa, 1°5 cm. longa, 6 mm. lata. Millais, Rhodod. 115 (1917), second

ser. 1924; Wilding, Rhododendrons, 6 (1923).

This is a shrub about 2 m. high with somewhat tortuose

stout branches which, when young, are slightly cobwebby.

It has inversely egg-shaped acuminate leaf-buds about

5 mm. long. The stalked léaves have more or less

elliptic blades rounded or almost heart-shaped at the

base and obtuse at the apex which terminates in a

callous point; they are leathery with revolute margins

dark green and perfectly glabrous above and greyish

or brownish-grey on the back with the peculiar hair-

covering of the “ sanguineuwm”’ series described below, and

they measure 3-7 cm. by 17-35 cm.; the stout stalks

are 5-15 mm. long. The flowers are solitary or grouped

in twos or threes, supported by broadly elliptic bracts

up to 17 mm. long and by filiform bracteoles 6-12 mm.

long. The calyx is cup-shaped, irregularly 5-lobed,

8-12 mm. long, glabrous and scarlet or in part yellowish.

The corolla is tubular-bell-shaped, somewhat fleshy and

of a brilliant or yellowish scarlet, the tube measuring

2-3 cm. in length, whilst the 5 rounded lobes are 1-1°4 cm.

by 1:2-1:-4 cm. There are 10 unequal stamens with fila-

ments up to over 3 cm. long and minutely puberulous

at the slightly widened base. The ovary is oblong-

ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, 5-grooved, green and denseiy

covered with short fascicled hairs; the green style

measures 3 cm. in length: The capsule is 1°5 cm. long.

DISTRIBUTION.—Yunnan; mountains of the Shweli-

Salwin divide (about 3,000 to 4,000 m.).

This ‘“‘ welcome”? (ézoderov, hence its name) species

is a member of the “ sanguinewm”’ series which is mainly

characterised by the complete matting of the hairs on

the underside of the leaves into a smooth crust, the

hairs consisting of a number of elongated unicellular

bladder-like branches radiating from a short stalk; in

old leaves this crust often resembles dull or slightly

tarnished silver. To this may be added the tubular-

bell-shaped 5-lobed somewhat fleshy and_ brilliantly

coloured corollas. In the latter character it approaches

very closely to the “ haematodes’”’-series which but for

the looser more fluffy and often partly evanescent: hair-

covering of the underside of the leaves would be difficult

to distinguish from the “ sanguineum ”’-rhododendrons.

Both series seem to be confined to the high mountains

which form the water-sheds between the rivers Irawady,

Salwin, Mekong and Yangtse from approximately 25° to

29° N. Lat. At least twenty-five species have become

known of the ‘“‘ sanguineum” series from that compara-

tively small area, and the majority of these were found

in the northern section of the area (28° 12° to 28° 40’).

They are all very closely allied, but considered distinct

enough to be recognised at present as definite genetic

units of “specific”? rank. Mr. Forrest collected

fh. apodectum many times, but always in the Shweli-

Salwin divide (25° 20’ to 25° 40’ N. Lat.), where he

discovered it in 1912 growing in open situations among

rock and scrub at altitudes from 3,000 to 4,000 m.,

whilst &. dichroanthum seems to be confined to the Tali-

range and fh. sanguineum has so far been recorded only

from the northern section of the “ sanguinewm”’ area.

Professor W. Wright Smith in a letter to me refers the

following later* numbers of Forrest’s collections to our

species—12094, 15932, 16008, 17560, 17764, 18172, 18453,

18858. ‘To these has to be added 18320 (see explanation

of plate) dated July 1919. Miss Snelling’s drawing (ex-

cept Fig. 3) was made on May 11th, 1920, from material

communicated to Professor Balfour by Mr. E. J. P.

Magor of St. Tudy, Cornwall, who has raised the plant

from seed under “‘ Forrest No. 9054”; it has very-kindly

been placed at our disposal by the Professor’s successor

and collaborator, who writes that the plant is perfectly

hardy at Edinburgh but a slow grower. It develops

quickly in the south and flowers there much earlier.

Mr. Magor tells me that with him it makes its shoots

when danger of frost is over and that it prefers a some-

what dry soil in the damp climate and heavy ground of

his district, otherwise rotting of the crown and roots sets

in. Mr. Millais, on the other hand, considers moisture

in the soil as a favourable factor, and it certainly does

well in moist but light soil in Mr. Lionel de Rothschild’s

garden at Exbury, Hants. O.S.

Fig. 1, top of a flower-branch seen from above, nat. size; 2, branch in side-

view, from a dried specimen of Forrest, 18320, nat. size; 3, a flower in front-

view, nat. size; 4, a corolla flattened out and seen from without, nat. size ;

5, a pistil, X3; 6, stamens, <3; 7, a hair from the back of a young leaf, x 25.

*The numbers quoted with the original description are 8987, 9054, 11896,

11968.

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DENDROCHILUM UNCATUM.

Philippines.

ORCHIDACEAR. Tribe COELOGYNINAE.

DeEnDROCHILUM, Blume: Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. TIT. 506 ; Pfitzer in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. II. 6. 180 et Nachir. III. 155. Platyclinis, Benith.; Benth.

& Hook. f. 1. c. 496; Pfitzer, 1. c. Il. 6. 128; Pitzer & Kranzlin in Engl.,

Pflanzenreich IV. 50. IIs. 7. 86.

Dendrochilum uncatum, Reichb. f. in Bonplandia, III. 222 (1855) et tn Gard.

Chron, XVI. 780 (1881); inter species sectionis Platyclinis labelli lobis denti-

culatis notatas labello praeter basin applanato et columnae bracchiis medio

ortis insignis; a D. filiformi, Lindl. quocum comparatum fuit floribus

viridibus, petalis minute denticulatis et labii lobis conspicue eroso-dentatis

differt.

Herba plerumyue epiphytica, dense caespitosa, 12—20 cm. alta; pseudobulbi ambitu

ovato-oblongi vel oblongo-lanceolati, teretes, 1-2—2 cm. longi, virides, cata-

phyllis emarcidismembranaceis magis minusve in fibras solutis vestiti: cata-

phylla 3, oblonga, albida, brunneo-punctata, summum longe rostrato-acumin-

atum,feread 4cm.longum. /olium 1 ad pseudobulbiapicem ortum ; lamina

lanceolata, basi longe in petiolum 1:°5—2 em. longum attenuata, apice

subobtusa, 6—11 em. longa, 1—1‘5 em. lata, coriacea, laete viridis, nervis

lateralibus utrinque 2. Racemi graciles, laxe multiflori, 5—10 cm. longi,

e pedunculo in pseudobulbo terminali pergracili ad 15 em. longo orto penduli,

floribus 2—3 mm. distantibus ; bracteae scarioso-membranaceae, albidae,

ovato- vel ovato-lanceolatae, 3 mm. longae, subinvolutae. Receptaculum

angustum, cum pedicello filiformi bracteam vix aeyuans. Sepala lateralia

oblique lanceolata, acuta, patentia, 5—6 mm. longa; superum simillimum,

nisi symmetricum et paululo brevius, omnia uti petala et labellum sub-

translucida, pallide viridia. Petala patentia, elliptica, acuta, margine

minutissime eroso-denticulata, 4—5 mm. longa, 2—2°5 mm. lata. Labellum

3-lobum, expansum 4 mm. longum: lobi laterales haud alti, lacerato-

dentati, basi 1 mm. lati: intermedium late obovatum, basi cuneatim

contractum et ibi callis 2 linearibus notatum. Colwmna gracilis, e medio

utrinque breviter cornuto-alata, apice in alam brevem crenulatam producta.

Anthera albida, minute apiculata. Pollinia 4, 0°25 mm. longa. Walp.

Ann. VI. 927 (1861) ; Orchidophile, I. 195 (1882); J. J. Smith, Rec. Trav.

Bot. Neerl. I. 72 (1904); Pfitzer & Kriinzlin in Engl., PAanzenreich IV. 50.

ITs. 7. 108 (1907); Oakes Ames, Orch. fase. TI. 108 et III. 5 (1908).

Platyclinis uncata, Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Fil. 267 (1886); N. E. Brown in

Williams, Orch. Gr. Man. ed. VII. 680 (1894). Acortdium uncatum, Rolfe

in Orch. Rev. XIT. 224 (1905).

Habitually a tufted epiphyte, 12-20 cm.high, with ovate-

oblong transversely round pseudobulbs more or less coated

with pale cataphylls which are marked with dark dots

and break up ultimately into fibres. The leaves arise

singly from the tops of pseudobulbs and consist of a

lanceolate mostly obtuse or acute 5-nerved coriaceous

blade long attenuated at the base and measuring 6-11

ey IME Limnaay

Bo. oe OF THE oy

_ UAIVERSITY OF 1LUNoIs er.

Tas. 9016.

PIERIS TAIWANENSIS.

Formosa.

ERICACEAE. Tribe ANDROMEDEAE.

Prerts, D. Don; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 588: Lyonia, Nutt; Drude

in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. IV. 1. 44.

Pieris taiwanensis, Hayata in Journ. Ooll. Sc. Tokyo XXX. 169 (1911) ;

simillima P. formosae, D. Don, sed foliis minoribus plerumque oblanceolatis vix

- acuminatis parcius crenato-serratis dorso laxe leviterque reticulatis necnon

calyce breviore seminibus brevioribus et crassioribus distincta.

Frutex 1—2 (raro ad 3) m. altus, ramis rectis glabris, vetustis cinerascentibus,

longitudinaliter sulcatis cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum et gemmulis

hebetatis notatis. Folia superne approximata, breviter petiolata, glaber-

rima; lamina oblanceolata vel suboblonga, basi cuneatim attenuata, apice

acuta vel subacuminata, supra medium crenato-serrata, margine tenuiter

cartilagineo, 4—7°5 cm. longa, 1°5—2°5 cm. lata, coriacea, facie lucida et costa

nervisque prominulis, dorso paulo pallidior, prominule laxe reticulata. Pani-

culae plures terminales vel ex axillisfoliorum summorum ortae, multiramosae

vel pauciramosae vel interdum ad racemos simplices reductae, ad 15 cm,

longae ; rami oblique erecti vel patentes vel cernui, subsecundi, apicem versus

minute puberuli; bracteae subulatae, 2 mm. longae, facie tomentellae, mox

deciduae ; pedicelli parce puberuli, ad 3 mm. longi. Flores cernui. Calyx

viridis, alte 5-partitus, 3—3°5 mm. longus, segmentis ovatis subacutis

crassiusculis intra apicem versus tomentellis. Corolla urceolata, 7—8 mm.

longa, ad 6 mm. lata, infra apicem contracta, ore circiter 2 mm. diametro,

5-lobata, lobis latissime rotundatis 1 mm. longis 1°5 mm. latis patentibus.

Stamina 10; filamenta deorsum dilatata, pilosula, ad basin corollae inserta,

ad 3 cm. longa; antherae bifidae, e dorso medio 2-aristatae aristis ad

15 mm. longis, loculis subacutis poris oblongis dehiscentibus. Discus

minutus, 10-lobulatus. Ovariwm globosum, obscure sulcatum ; stylus

columnaris, 4 mm. longus. Capsula globosa, 5—6 mm. diametro, calyce

persistente suffulta, 5-locularis, marginibus valvarum haud_incrassatis.

Semina late breviter fusiformia, utrinque obtusiuscula, pallide brunnea,

2°5 mm. longa, 0°5 mm. lata, exalata. Bean in Gard. Chron. LXAXT. +139;

fig. 68 (1922); E. H. Wilson in Gard. Chron. LXXIII. 63, fig. 30 (1923) ;

Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XLVIII. p. xliv. (1923). P. formosa, Matsum. in

Tokyo Bot. Mag. XIV. 59 (1898); Matsum. & Hayata in Journ. Coll. Se.

Tokyo XXII. 219 (1906); Hayata, ibid. XXV. 151 (1908), non D.Don.

An evergreen rather compact perfectly glabrous shrub,

in its native habitat from 1-2, rarely 3 m., high, whose

shortly stalked leaves are rather crowded upwards with

inversely lanceolate or almost, oblong blades tapering

towards both ends and shallowly crenate above the

middle; they measure 4-7°5 cm. by 1:2-2°5 cm. and

are leathery, glossy on the face and loosely reticulate on

the back. The terminal panicles consist of few to many

erect or spreading and frequently secund racemes which

may be up to 15 cm. long and are minutely downy

towards the tips like the small awl-shaped bracts and the

flower stalks, which are 38 mm. long. The nodding flowers

consist of a bright green deeply 5-cleft calyx up to 3 mm.

long with ovate segments and of a pitcher shaped snow-

white corolla 7-8 mm. long and up to 6 mm. wide, shortly

5-lobed and much constricted below the lobes. The 10

stamens are inserted at the base of the corolla; they

have 2-cleft anthers with more or less spreading awns

from the back and slightly hairy filaments widened down-

wards. The style is 4 mm. long and rises from a globose

ovary. The capsule is supported by the persistent calyx ;

it is 5-celled and 5-valved and 5-6 mm. in diameter.

The shortly spindle-shaped seeds are 2°5 mm. long and

wingless.

DISTRIBUTION.—Formosa, mountains of the Morrison

Range, 2,100-3,300 m.

There are few plants among the recent additions to

horticulture which in this age of rhododendrons and

primulas have been welcomed as much as this charming

shrub. A native of Formosa it might not have been

expected to adapt itself to our more rigorous and vagari-

ous climate ; but as far as our experience goes at present

it promises to be perfectly hardy and suitable for indoor-

as well as outdoor-cultivation. It was discovered by a

Japanese, Dr. Honda, in Formosa in 1896, and for some

time was identified with the Himalayan Pieris formosa

(see Bot. Mag. t. 8283), a species grown with us as a

green-house plant. It was subsequently repeatedly re-

corded from various parts of the Mount Morrison range,

and with more complete material at his disposal Professor

B. Hayata was in the end enabled to establish its specific

distinctiveness. When in 1918 Mr. E. H. Wilson travelled

in Formosa for the Arnold Arboretum he succeeded in

procuring seed which in due course was distributed by

Professor Sargent with his usual generosity to various

Kuropean gardens. The Marquis of Headfort was one

of the first to raise and bring to flower plants of that dis-

tribution. They were greatly admired when shown at

one of the meetings of the R. Horticultural Society in

March, 1922. The abundance of snow-white flowers

erouped either in erect or in horizontally spreading or

drooping panicles and set against the rich green of the

glossy foliage produces indeed a most pleasing effect.

Although in its home it usually grows into a-*shrub

1-1°5 m. and occasionally even 3 m. high, it flowers

already at a very early stage and plants grown in pots

and not more than 0°5 m. high have been seen laden with

flowers. Wilson collected it in open grass-clad country

between 2,100 and 3, 300 m. on the ranges beyond Arisan

in Kagi prefecture ‘ ‘where it grows associated with

Rhododendron rubro-pilosum and other shrubs and where

- Pinus Armandii forms thin woods.” In the wild state,

he adds, flowers are found on the plant at any season of

the year. Lord Headfort writes: ‘I received the seed

of this in April, 1919, from Sir Frederick W. Moore, who,

Il understand, had received it from the Arnold Arboretum

under the number ‘ W. 10906.’ I sowed the seed within

a few days in an unheated greenhouse in a mixture of

loam, sand and peat, having first sterilised the soil. It

germinated very well and the young seedlings were picked

out early in the autumn. The following spring (about

May) they were transferred to a frame and planted in

the ordinary soil used for Rhododendrons. The plant

flowered for the first time in 1922 in this frame. I

planted out several plants that year and they have proved

perfectly hardy. As P. taiwanensis makes its flower-

buds already in the autumn, I find it necessary to give

the young buds slight protection during the winter

months, as otherwise they are likely to be frosted. In

every other respect the plant is perfectly hardy. It

does not like lime and grows best in a sheltered border.”

It can be propagated from seed—it has seeded freely with

Lord Headfort—or by layering or from cuttings, pro-

vided the wood is sufficiently ripened. The variation

from erect racemes to such as droop after the fashion of

P. japonica is remarkable and it appears to be quite

independent of external conditions, both extremes

occurring indeed in the same sowing.

The genus Pieris was established by D. Don in 1834

on three Himalayan species, referred until then to

Andromeda, namely A. formosa, A. ovalifola and A.

lanceolata. Of these the first is most closely allied to our

plant. It is the key-species or the “ type ”’ of the genus.

Don added to it later Andromeda japonica as P. japonica

which much resembles P. ftatwanensis, but differs in

having smaller thinner leaves, more finely crenulate from

the base, slenderer raceme-spindles and pedicels and

smaller flowers. Maximowicz in 1872 referred Pieris

back to Andromeda, whilst J. D. Hooker in his elaboration

of the LHricaceae for the Genera Plantarum (1873)

restricted Andromeda to A. polifolia, sub-arctic type,

enlarging at the same time Preris by the inclusion of

Cassandra, another northern type, and of certain North

American species, among them Nuttall’s Portuna flori-

bunda (see Bot. Mag. t. 1566). In 1878, however, Pieris

was once more merged in Andromeda by Asa Gray

(Synoptical Flora of North America), who also included

in it Lyonia, an exclusively American and partly tropical

genus, established by Nuttall in 1818 and recognised by

Hooker in Genera Plantarum. Nor did the checkered

history of Preris end there; for Drude (Natiirliche

Pflanzenfamilien, 1898), re-arranging the constituents of

Gray’s Andromeda on a new basis, revived Lyonia with

Pieris as a subgenus, whilst he retained in Andromeda

only Andromeda polifolia, Zenobia and Portuna. D. Don’s

classification of the genera of the Pieris-group rested

mainly on the structure of the stamens and their appen-

dages, if any, and on that of the seeds; Gray’s on the

estivation of the calyx; Drude’s on the presence

(Lyonia) or absence (Andromeda) of marginal thickenings

on the capsular valves, which may become detached as

“outer valves’? or split longitudinally. Adopting

Drude’s discrimination we should have to place our

plant in Andromeda, although he himself reckons Pieris

among Lyon. It is evident that the relationship of

these groups is still debatable; in fact, Drude

himself says of his Lyonza that it is rather a “‘ Gattungs-

gruppe’”’ (group of genera) than a “ Gattung’’ (genus),

and he divides it into five subgenera. I myself consider

it most useful to retain Preris, with P. formosa as its key-

species, aS a genus distinct trom Andromeda as well as

from Lyon. O.8.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch (erect form), nat. size; 2, a flower, X 4; 3, stamens

in front and back-view, <6; 4, pistil, x6; 5, a fruiting raceme, nat. size ;

6, aseed, <x 16.

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BERBERIS MORRISONENSIS.

Formosa.

BERBERIDACEAE.,

BERBERIs Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. T. 43 et 964 ; Prantlin Engl. &

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf{. II. 2. 77,

Berberis morrisonensis, Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sc. Tokyo XXX. 25 (1911)

et Ic. Pl. Formos. I. 47, t. 10 (1911) ; affinis B. diaphanae, Max., et B. yunnanensi,

- Franch., sed ab utraque floribus minoribus, petalorum glandulis fusiformibus

elongatis, fructibus subglobosis minoribus differt.

Frutex erectus, glaberrimus; rami graciles, iuniores saepe laete rubescentes,

vetusti brunnescentes vel fuscescentes. Folia spinescentia e basi ovata

2-aristulata 3-secta, spinis rectis teretibus in dorso saepe sulcatis 1—3 em.

longis subaequalibus rigide patulis. Folia normalia pauca vel ad 8 cum

quoque brachycladio, supra basin brevissimam utrinque 1-dentatam arti-

culata ; lamina valde varia, obovata vel obovato-lanceolata, basi attenuata,

apice rotundato-obtusa et spinuloso-mucronulata, integra vel magis minusve

spinoso-dentata spinis tenuibus valde variis raro ultra 7 nunc antrorsum

curvatis nunc rigidis magisque patulis e margine incrassato, 1°5—2°5 cm.

longa, 0°5—1 ecm. lata, firme papyracea, facie viridis, dorso glaucescens et

levissime papillosa, laxe reticulato-venosa, autumno pulcherrime rubescens.

Flores 3-meri, solitarii vel plerumque 2—5-ni, e pedicellis gracilibus ad

2°5 cm. longis penduli. Sepala oblongo-elliptica vel obovata ad 7—8 mm.

longa, 4—5 mm. lata, integra vel minute denticulata. Petala late elliptica,

valde concava, 5—6 mm. longa, apice rotundata et 2-dentata, glandulis

fusiformibus 2 mm. paulo longioribus. Stamina 3°8 mm. longa. Ovarium

cum stylo brevi 3°5 mm. jongum, oblongo-ovoideum ; stigma discoideum

applanatum, 2 mm. diametro. Ovula circiter 7, raro plura. Fructus

ovoideo-globosus vel globosus, ad 1 cm. longus, apice stigmate corona-

tus, ruber, ad peripheriam pellucidus. Semina plura, a dorso visa obovato-

elliptica, triquetra, 5 mm. longa. Berberis sp., Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sc.

Tokyo, XXV. 47 (1908).

This is a glabrous shrub with slender branches which

often are of a brilliant red when young. Its spine-leaves

consist of 3 almost equal rigidly spreading slender spines,

1 to 3 cm. long, whilst the deciduous normal leaves, which

number up to 8 on each spur, are obovate to obovate-

lanceolate with blunt or rounded and often mucronulate

tips and entire or prickly-dentate margins, the spines

being fine and curved forward, or in some leaves rigidly

spreading from hard thickened margins; the leaves

are 1°5 to 2°5 cm. by 0°5 to 1 cm., toughly papery, green

on the upper and slightly glaucous on the lower side,

and they assume very brilliant colours in the autumn.

The flowers hang from the spurs in fascicles of up to 5 on

slender stalks, 1°5 to 2°5 em. long, and when fully open

they measure over 1 cm. across. The sepals are oblong-

elliptic to inversely ovate, the longest measuring 38 mm.

by 4:5 mm., whilst the petals are rather broadly elliptic

and slightly smaller with elongated spindle-shaped glands

at the base. The ovary contains about 7, rarely more,

ovules, and is crowned by a very short style and a flat

disc-shaped stigma. The berries are globose or nearly

globose, about 1 cm. long, brilliantly red and slightly

translucent. The seeds, of which several come to maturity,

are up to 5 mm. long.

DISTRIBUTION.—Formosa ; Mount Morrison, 3,750 m.

to 3,950 m.

Few of the Old World berberries have so far been

found south of the tropic of the Cancer. They are all

outposts of groups which have the centre of their develop-

ment in the Western and Central Himalaya (Tnctoriae)

or in the Eastern Himalaya and the high mountains of

South-west China (Wallichianae). Our species 1s a

member of a more temperate type (Angulosae) ranging

from the Himalaya and the mountains of West China,

where it is confined to a zone between 3,000 and

4,000 m., to the Altai and Lake Baikal, and it 1s

linked to the main body of the group through

B. yunnanensis, a species of the Tali-range (3,200 m.).

It. was discovered in 1905 by T. Nagasawa, a Japanese

teacher, below the summit of Mt. Morrison at 3,950 m.,

and in the following year was found again by T. Kawa-

kami, Chief-Curator of the Museum at Taihoku, and his

companion U. Mori, at a somewhat lower elevation

(3,750 m.). Lord Headfort to whom we are indebted

for the material from which our plate was prepared

writes: ‘“‘I received the seed of this in April, 1919,

from Sir Frederick W. Moore, about the same time as

seeds of Pieris taiwanensis. They, I understand, came

from the Arnold Arboretum originally and were collected

by Wilson in Formosa under the number * W. 10912.’

They were sown almost immediately and kept in a cool

unheated greenhouse. They germinated well and the

plants were planted out in a nursery bed the following

year. I found them slightly tender in their young state ;

I transferred them to their permanent quarters in the

Arboretum from whence the specimens were cut. Except

during their two-year-old state, I have found them per-

fectly hardy. The plants this last year were buried in

30 cm. of snow in March this year, -9°5° C. (15° F.) being

registered in the following night.” They flowered in

June and fruited in October. B. morrisonensis is equally

ornamental in either state, but particularly when in the

autumn the foliage turns into flaming scarlet and gold.

O.8,.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a particularly spinous leaf from

another smaller branch, nat. size; 3, a large sepal, x6; 4, a petal, x6; 5, a

stamen, X6; 6, a pistil, x6; 7, the same in longitudinal section, x6; 8, a

fruiting branch, nat. size; 9, a fruit in cross-section with an unusually large

number of seeds, X 3; 10, lower half of a fruit with the seeds removed, showing

the points of attachment of the latter, <3; 11, longitudinal section of a fruit

with the seeds removed, X3; 12, aseed, x4; 13, an embryo, x 4.

nhs

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PRIMULA CARDIOPHYLLA.

Sikkim.

PRIMULACEAE. Tribe PRIMULEAE.

PRIMULA Linn. ; ‘Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. II. 631; ‘Pax in Engl. & Pranitl,

a; . Nat. Pflanzenf. TV. 1. 104.

Primula cardiophylla, Balj, f. et W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edin. 1X.

152 (1916); arctissime affinis P. rotundifoliae, Wall., sed omnibus partibus

robustior, petiolis laminisque crassis his concavis, pedicellis calycibus capsulis

longioribus.

Herba perennis, novellis et foliorum dorsis et inflorescentiis farinosis farina

lutescente vel albida. Folia numerosa, basi congesta;~lamina cordato-

rotundata sinu haud alto, grosse crenata, primo valde concava, carnosula,

—6 cm. diametro, facie glandulis minutis conspersa, dorso pinnatinervis ;.

petiolus crassus, ad 10 em. longus, primo farinosus, deinde glanduloso-

puberulus. Scapus robustus, sub anthesi ad 20 em. altus, maturus multo

elongatus, umbellam multifloram verticillo accesorio primo approximato

deinde remoto auctiaam gerens ; bracteae lineares vel subulatae, ad 1°5 em.

longae ; pedicelli sub anthesi 1—2 em., maturi ad 3 em. longi. Calyx

oblongus, 5—6 mm. longus, fere ad basin divisus, segmentis linearibus vel

sublanceolatis obtusis vel subacutis puberulis. Corolla ad. 15:mm. diametro,

pulchre malvaceo-purpurea, ostio aureo ; tubus cylindricus in flore brevi-

stylo ad 12—14 mm. longo, in flore longistylo basi per 5—6 mm. angustior ;

limbus 5- (rarius 6-) lobatus lobis late rotundatis subintegris ima basi parce

farinosis. Stamina in flore brevistylo ad fauces tubi corollae inserta

antherarum apicibus 1 mm. ab ostio remotis, in flore longistylo in medio

tubo sita; antherae flavidae, 1-5 mm. longae. Stylus 7 vel 12 mm. longus.

Capsula oblonga, circiter 1 em. longa, spadiceo-fusca, valvis. revolutis.

Semina nigra, angulata, 0°5 mm. longa; testa grosse areolata. P. rotundi-

folia, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. ITT. 483 (1822) ‘pro parte ;- Pax in Engl. Pflan-

zenreich IV, 237, 120, fig. 348 (1905) pro parte, non Wallich, ee

This is a rosulate perennial whose younger parts, backs

of the leaves and inflorescences are covered with a white

or yellowish mealy powder. The blades which are borne

on stout stalks up to 10 em. long are. rounded-heart-

shaped with a shallow sinus and coarsely crenate margins

and they measure 3 to 6 em. across : they are somewhat

fleshy and more or less concave with minute glands

scattered over the face. The scapes, up to 20 cm. high

when in flower, but much elongated in the fruiting state,

bear a many-flowered umbel whose flower-stalks are 1 to

2 cm. long when in flower and 3 cm. long when in fruit

and are supported by linear or awl-shaped bracts up to

15 cm. long. The calyx is oblong and cleft almost to

the base into linear or almost lanceolate blunt or shghtly

pointed puberulous segments; it measures 5-6 mm. in

length. The corolla is mauve-purple with a golden-

yellow eye and up to 15 cm. across; its tube is 12 to

14 mm. long, cylindrical in the thrum-eyed state but

slightly constricted for 5 or 6 mm. from the base in the

pin-eyed state ; the limb is 5- (rarely 6-) lobed with the

lobes broadly rounded, almost entire and slightly mealy

at the very base. The stamens of the thrum-eyed flower

are inserted near the mouth of the corolla with their

anthers not quite reaching it, whilst those of the pin-

eyed form are placed at the middle of the tube. The

capsule is oblong with revolute valves and measures

about 1 cm. in length. The coarsely areolate black

seeds are 0°5 mm. long.

DISTRIBUTION.—Sikkim Himalaya from 3,300 to

3,600 m. :

Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour has dealt with this primula

very fully when he described it. He grew it in the

Botanical Gardens at Edinburgh from seed sent to him

by Mr. Cave at Darjeeling, and the present plate was

prepared from one of his plants in 1918. It belongs to a

small group of Himalayan primulas of very similar habit

and mainly differing in stature, shape of the leaves and

composition of the inflorescence. Our species which has

very handsome more or less fleshy leaves has frequently

been collected at Sandakphu and on the Singalila

Range near Darjeeling, generally at altitudes between

3,300 and 3,600 m. In Nepal and farther West through

the Himalaya Primula cardiophylla is represented by

P. rotundifolia which is a more delicate plant with slender

leaf-stalks and scapes; none of the members of this

group has so far been figured in the Botanical Magazine,

but they deserve certainly the attention of the horti-

eulturist. All are high level plants, often growing at

altitudes from 3,600 to 4,500 m. They may be expected

to be hardy, but we have yet little experience as to their

special needs. I may add that the longitudinal section

of a flower shown in fig. 2 records the somewhat unusual

the position characteristic of the long-styled form.

O.S.

Fig. 1, a plant, nat. size; 2, longitudinal section of a flower (see note above),

x2; 3, anther, X 15.

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COROKIA BUDDLEIOIDES.

New Zealand.

CoRNACEAE. Tribe CORNEAE., °

Coroxia, A. Cunn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 949; Harms in Engl. &

Prantl, Nat Pflanzenf. III. 8. 264.

Corokia buddleioides, A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. III. 249 (1839); affinis

C. virgatae, Turrill (vid. Bot. Mag. t. 8466), sed foliis lineari-lanceolatis vel

lanceolatis, floribus bene paniculatis, ovario 2-loculari distincta.

Frutex multiramosus, gracilis, 2—4 m. altus, ramulis et foliorum dorsis et

inflorescentiis tomento dense appresso subargenteo vel cinerescente tectis,

pilis T-formibus, cortice vetusto atro-cinereo. Tolia petiolata; lamina e

basi attenuata lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, apice mucronulata, acuta

vel acuminata, 5—15 cm. longa, 0°8—1°5 cm. lata, coriacea, facie primo

dense pubescens vel tomentosa, mox glabrata, laete viridis, lucidula, costa

venisque tenuibus leviter impressis; petiolus ad 4 mm. longus. Panicula

terminalis, foliata, 3—9 cm. longa, ad 3 cm. lata; folia paniculae sursum

cito decrescentia, valde reducta, caeterum foliis normalibus similia; rami

inferiores ad 4 cm. longi, saepius multo breviores; bracteae subulato-

lanceolatae, ad 2 mm. longae; pedicelli graciles, ad 4 mm. longi.

Receptaculum anguste turbinatum, 2 mm. longum, appresse pubescens.

Sepala triangularia, 1 mm. longa, acuta, extra pubescentia. Petala oblonga,

subobtusa, 6 mm. longa, fere 2 mm. lata, extra et ad margines pubescentia,

flava vel fere crocea, intus basi squamula breviter fimbriata praedita.

Stamina filamentis 3 mm. Jongis, antheris fere 2 mm. longis. Ovarw 2-locu-

laris vertex valde convexus, in stylum 2°5 mm. longum contractus ; stigma

2-lobum. Drupa globosa, atro-rubra, 8 mm. diametro, carne parca;

putamen crassum, cavernosum, 2-spermum. Semina anguste oblonga,

3mm. longa, 0°7 mm. diametro. Hmbryo cotyledonibus clavato-linearibus.

Hook., Ic. Plant. t. 424 (1842); Raoul, Choix d. Pl. Nouv. Zélande, 46

(1846) ; Hook. f., Fl. New. Zeal. I. 98 (1853) et Handb. New Zeal. Fi. 106

(1864); E. Regel, Gartenfl. XX. 66 t. 679 figs. 2-6 (1871); Kirk, Stud. Fl.

New Zeal. 224 (1898) ; Cheeseman, Fl. N. Zeal. 237 (1906).

A graceful slender sarub z to 4 m. high with a dense

close silvery or greyish hair-covering on the younger

branches, the backs of the leaves and the inflorescences

which is made up of T-shaped two-celled hairs; the

leaves pass from a slender stalk, up to 4 mm. long, into a

linear-lanceolate or lanceolate pointed thinly leathery

blade, 5 to 15 cm. by 0°8 to 1°5 cm., bright green and

shining on the face which thus contrasts vividly with the

silvery back. The flowers are grouped in leafy terminal

panicles, 3 to 9 mm. long, supported by small lanceolate

to awl-shaped bracts, and borne on slender pedicels up

to 4 mm. long. The slender top-shaped receptacle, the

small trianguiar sepals and the oblong more or less

obtuse petals are downy on the outside; the latter

measure 6 by 2 mm. and are bright yellow to saffron-

coloured and they carry a small fimbriate scale at the

base. The anthers are 2 mm., their filaments 3 mm. long.

The crown of the 2-celled ovary is very convex and passes

rather abruptly into the style with its 2-lobed stigma.

The fruit is a glokose blackish-red drupe, 8 mm. in

diameter and very scantily fleshy ; the shell of the stone

is very thick and cavernous and_ holds generally 2

narrowly oblong seeds.

Disrripution.—North Island from the North Cape to

the East Cape, from sea-level to 900 m.

This shrub is one of the four species constituting the

genus Corokia, a peculiar member of the Cornaceae which

is confined to New Zealand and to Chatham Island. By

the structure of the flower and fruit it comes near to

Cornus, a genus of the Northern Hemisphere, and. it

differs technically from it mainly in the presence of small

more or less dissected scales at the base of the petals and

by the structure of the hairs which are T-shaped as in

Cornus, but consist of two cells instead of only one.

C. buddleioides grows mainly in or on the borders of the

forests and ascends from sea-level to 900 m., and it is

locally common. On the exposed tops of the mountains

it becomes much stunted. It was discovered by Allan

Cunningham on the shore of the Bay of Islands in 1826,

but does not seem to have been introduced into cultiva-

tion until many years later. E. Regel in 1871 credits its

introduction to Ferdinand von Miiller, the indefatigable

Australian botanist. Kew received the seed from which

the plant depicted here was raised from Dr. L. Cockayne.

Here it is treated as a green-house plant, as which it 1s

easy to grow if given a loose loamy turfy soil, but in the

milder parts of the country it may be expected also to

succeed out of doors. 7

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a flower, X4; 3, a petal with its

basal scale and the two adjoining stamens, X 8; 4, a flower with the petals and

stamens removed, x6; 5, longitudinal section through an ovary, NMS 6S

fruit, <2; 7, the same in longitudinal section, showing two chambered cavities,

x2; 8, aseed, X6; 9, the same in longitudinal section, X 6. (Figs. 6 to 9 were

prepared from a specimen coilected on Capt. Wilkes’s Expedition.)

bHE Likwany

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PICEA GLEHNILI.

Japan.

CONIFERAE. Tribe ABIETINEKAE

Picea Linn. ; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. Il. 439; Fichl. in Engl. & Prantl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. VI. i.- 77.

Picea Glehnii, Masters in Gard. Chron. XIII. 300, tig. 54 (1880); affinis

P. nigrae, Link, et P. rubrae, Link, sed corticis delaminatione, ramulis plerumque

in sulcis solis pubescentibus, gemmis resinosis, foliis saturate viridibus, stomatium

dispositione, strobilorum @ colore, conis maioribus satis distincta.

Arbor in patria ad 30—40 m. alta trunco 1—1°‘5 m. diametro, comam angustam

formans, cortice rufescente vel fuscescente laminis irregularibus tenuibus

cinerascentibus soluto; rami patentes, apice sursum curvati, pro rata

breves; ramuli iuniores in sulcis dense breviterque pubescentes, flavido-

rufescentes vel rufi. Gemmae inter folia summa sessiles, ovoideo-ellipscideae,

resinosae, brunnescentes vel castaneae, nitidae, ad 8 mm. longae, squamis

rufo-fimbriatis superioribus apiculatis vel mucronatis. Folia brevissime

petiolata, dense prorsus directa, aggregata, acicularia, linearia, acuta vel

subacuta, recta vel curvata, sectione transversa rhombica, 6—14 mm. longa,

fere 2 mm. lata costa marginibusque prominulis obtusis, facie ac dorso

saturate viridia et stomatifera, stomatibus in facie utrinque 2-seriatis, in

dorso 1}-seriatis. Strobild § brunnei vel flavescentes, cylindrici vel oblongi,

demum ad 15 mm. longi, ad 6 mm. lati, pedunculo ad 5mm. longo. Stamina

2 mm. longa; connectivi appendix suborbicularis, denticulatus. Strobili ¢

laterales, oblongi, ad 2 cm. longi, 1 cm. lati; carpella late ovata, denticulata,

obtusa, violacea, 2 mm. longa; squamae ovuliferas rotundatae, supra

medium minute eroso-denticulatae, 6mm. longae, 7 mm. latae, atro-violaceae,

leviter pruinosae, purpureo-marginatae. Conti maturi oblongo-ovoidei

(aperti) vel oblongi (clausi), 4—8 cm. longi, ad 2—3 cm. lati, penduli ;

squamae ex ungue late obtriangulari late rotundatae, integrae vel crosulae,

ad 1:2 cm. latae, fusco-brunneae, nitidulae, demum angulo recto-patentes,

obovoideae. Semina 2 mm. longa, testa fusca, ala obovata ad 7°5 mm. longa

4°5 mm. lata apice late rotundataet obscure denticulata. Masters in Journ.

Linn. Soc. XVIII. 512, fig. 13 (1881); Mayr, Abiet. Japan. Reich. 55, 102,

t. 4, fig. 11 (1890) et Fremdlind. Wald-u. Parkbaiume 327 (1906); Kent,

Veitch’s Man. Conif. 437 (1900); Beissner, Handb. Nadelholzk. 377 (1891)

et ed. IT. 255 (1909) ; Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. Forest. Japon IT. t. 3, figs. 19—42

(1908) ; Clinton-Baker, Ill. Conif. II. 39 (1909); Elwes & Henry, Trees

of Great Britain and Ireland VI. 1369 (1912); Wilson, Conif. and Tax. of

Japan, 40, tt. 25, 26 (1916) ; Gard. Chron. LXVII. 89, fig. 36 (1920) ; Dall.

& Jacks., Handb. Conif. 330 (1923). Abies Glehnii, Schmidt, Reise i. Amurl.

in Mém. Imp. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. sér. 7, XII. 176, t. 4 (1886).

This is in its home a tall tree up to 40 m. high with a

trunk | to 1°5 m. in diameter and covered with a reddish

or chocolate-brown bark which fissures into irregular

thin plates ; the main branches spread horizontally with

up-curved tips and are relatively short, forming a slender

crown; the younger branchlets are more or less reddish

with a dense down in the grooves only. The buds are

sessile among the crowded uppermost leaves, egg-shaped,

brown, resinous and glossy and up to 8 mm. long with

fimbriate and (the upper) pointed scales. The shortly-

stalked deep green leaves are crowded, directed more or

less forward, needle-shaped, pointed, straight or curved,

rhombic in cross-section and 6 to 14 mm. long and almost

2mm. wide; the stomata are arranged in two pairs of

rows on the upper-side and in one pair of rows on the under-

side. The male catkins are yellow to brown and finally

up to 15 mm. long. The female cones when in flower are

up to 2 cm. long and | cm. wide and dark or bluish-violet

with red edges to the scales; when mature they are

pendulous, oblong (closed) or oblong ovoid (open),

4 to 8 cm. long and 2 to 3 cm. across, brown, and slightly

glossy with their scales finally spreading horizontally ;

the exposed edges of the scales are broadly rounded and

entire or minutely eroded. The seeds are 2 mm. long,

black-brown with inversely ovate obtuse wings (7°5 mm.

by 4°5 mm.) whose outer margins are slightly denticulate.

DISTRIBUTION.—Yezo and southern Saghalien.

This spruce is a common tree in parts of Yezo, so in

the west of the island where with P. ajanensis it forms

mixed forests on the cooler slopes of the mountains,

whilst in the eastern parts of Yezo, as in Kitami and

Kushiro provinces, it occurs in pure stands, often of

considerable extent, in swampy river valleys. Here,

however, the trees are not quite so tall as in the west,

where on an average they attain to nearly 36 m. Elwes

observed it near Lake Shikotsu at 450 m., but it was

much less abundant than P. aanensis. It is still rarer

at Sapporo, where it is confined to the higher mountains.

From Yezo it extends northwards to the plains and

valleys of southern Saghalien, but it has not been

recorded from the Kurile Islands. In Saghalien it never

erows into really big trees. It was here that Peter

Glehn, I’. Schmidt’s assistant on his expedition to Eastern

Asia, discovered it in 1861, whilst in 1877 it became

known from Yezo through Veitch’s collector Charles

Maries, who was the first to send seeds home. Beissner in

1891 speaks of small plants of P. Glehni being grown in

Germany, but it is evidently as rare there as it is in this

country. The Marquis of Headfort possesses some

good specimens of Glehn’s spruce in his fine collection

of trees and shrubs at Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland. One

of them is about 5 m. high and of very regular conical

growth. It is from this tree, which is about 16 years old,

that the specimens depicted here were taken. Lord

Headfort, so he informs us, bought this plant from

Messrs. Veitch & Sons in Coombe Wood nursery in

October, 1912. It was planted in the Pinetum in

February, 1913, being about 1 m. high. It grew slowly

at first and was twice slightly cut by spring frosts, in

1915 and 1917, but never hurt to any extent. It has

erown well since and is now about 5 m. high and cones

regularly every year. It is planted in a fairly sheltered

position in moist ground and Lord Headfort considers it

absolutely hardy. P. Glehni has also coned in the late

Sir Edmund Loder’s garden at Leonardslee—see Gard.

Chron., LX VII. 89, fig. 36 (1920). O.8.

Fig. 1, a branchlet with male catkins, nat. size; 2, and 3, dehisced anthers

in side- and front-view, x 8; 3, bis (below), a branchlet with young female cones,

nat. size; 4 and 5, a leaf in back- and face-view, x4; 6, a small mature cone,

nat. size; 7, a cone-scale in face-view, X2; 8 and 9, seeds, x 2.

THE Lisiany

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VIOLA ELEGANTULA.

Europe.

VIOLACEAE. Tribe VIOLEAE,

VioLA Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen, Plant. 1.117; Taubert in Engl. & Pranitl,

Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 6. 334.

Viola elegantula, Schott in Oest. Bot. Wochenschr. VII. 167 (1857); arcte

affinis V. declinatae, Waldst. & Kit., sed foliis plerumque latioribus, stipulis

minus alte divisis, petalorum colore distincta.

Herba perennis, e rhizomate tenui multicatlis, caulibus ascendentibus 10—30 em.

longis glabris vel subglabris. Folia inferiora approximata, caetera magis

minusve dissita, longiuscule petiolata, eximie stipulata, omnibus partibus

tenuissime puberula saltem ad margines, rarius glabra; lamina inferiorum

rotundata, e basi interdum subcordata, caeterorum magis minusve ovata

vel obovata vel summorum lanceolata, basiattenuata, obtusa vel summorum

subacuta, paucicrenata crenis haud altis latis, 8—12 mm. longa, 4—10 mm.

lata, amoene viridis ; petioli foliorum inferiorum ad 1°5 cm. longi, superiorum

sensim decrescentes: stipulae ambitu oblique late ovatae, foliorum

superiorum ultra 1—1:5 cm. longae, multifidae, inferiorum magis minusve

redactae, segmento intermedio ovato vel lanceolato-oblongo petiolulato,

caeteris 8—9 oblanceolatis vel quae basin spectant linearibus acutis inferne

confluentibus, disco ita formato petiolulo ad medium adnato. Flores

pedunculis ad 5 cm. longis suffulti, varie colorati. Sepala late lanceolata,

acuta, 7—10 mm. longa, 2—3 mm. lata, appendicibus late oblongis maioribus

apice erosis vel 2-lobis vel irregulariter dentatis ad 4 mm. longis. Peiala

superiora obovata, saturate vel rubro-violacea, 10——_18 mm. longa, 9—12 mm.

lata, intermedia similia sed paulo minora, infimum late obovatum vel

subobcordatum, unguiculatum, ad 10 mm. longum, ad 15 mm. latum,

colore superiorum praeter basin auream lineis 6—7 atro-purpureis notatam

et unguem pallidum,. calecare subrecto 6—8 mm. longo (color floris teste

collectorum variat ad roseum vel flavum vel albidum). Antherae ellipticae,

15 mm. longae, connectivi appendice aurantiaco et ut thecarum margines

villoso-ciliolato. Stigma suboblique capitatum, ad latera albo-pilosulum.

Capsula ad 7 mm. longa. Becker in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. XVIII. 2. 384

(1905) et Viol. Europ. 88 (1910); Vandas, Reliq. Forman. 52 (1909) ;

Hayek in Denkschr, Ak. Wiss. Wien, Math. Nat. Kl. XCIV. 29-31 (1917).

V. gracilis, Vis., Fl. Dalm. ITT. 150 (1850), non Sibth. & Sm. V. speciosa,

Pant. in Oest. Bot. Zeit. XXIII. 79 (1873). V. bosniaca, Forman, in

Oest. Bot. Zeit. XX XVII. 368 (1887) ; G. Beck in Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien. X .

179 (1895). V. declinata, G. Beck, Fl. Siidbosn. & Herzeg. 82 (1887) ;

Freyn & Brand., Fl. Siidbosn. & Herceg. 23 (1888); Murb., Beitr. Fl.

Stidbosn. & Herzeg. 164 (1891), non Waldst. & Kit. V. declinata var.

bosniaca, Forman. in Oest. Bot. Zeit. XX XVIII. 422 (1888). V. latisepala,

Wittr., Viol. Stud. in Act. Hort. Berg. II. 99 t. vii. figs. 82-88 (1897),

non Wettst.

A perennial herb, 10 to 30 cm. high, with numerous

more or less glabrous stems ascending from a slender

rhizome. The leaves have large stipules grown to the

long stalks up to their middle and they are very finely

puberulous or almost quite glabrous; their blades are

rounded in the lower leaves, but otherwise ovate to

lanceolate from a narrowed base, blunt at the tips,

sparingly crenate and bright green, and they measure

8 to 12 by 4 to 10 mm. ; the stipules are obliquely and

broadly ovate in general outline, up to 1°5 cm. long and

much divided from a disc-shaped base, the 8 to 10 seg-

ments varying from ovate (the intermediate which is

moreover shortly stalked) to inversely lanceolate or

linear. The flowers are borne on stalks up to 5 cm. long

and measure about 2°5 em. across. The sepals are

lanceolate, acute, 7 to 10 mm. long and 2 to 3 mm. wide

and they carry at their base broad blunt or notched

appendages up to 4 mm. long. The petals are broadly

and inversely ovate and measure 10 to 18 mm. by 9 to

12 mm. (the upper and lateral) or 10 by 15 mm. (the

lowest); their colour is generally a rich reddish-violet

except at the base of the lowermost which is golden-

yellow with 6 to 7 black-purple streaks, but the flowers —

are said to vary in their home to rose, yellow and white.

The anther-cells are villously ciliate and the oblique

capitate sigma is finely and minutely hairy on the sides.

The capsule is about 7 mm. long.

DisTRIBUTION.—Mountains of Bosnia and the Herce-

govina and southward to Central Albania, from 700 to

2,000 m.

This viola, although relatively new, in gardens, has a

long and varied history as can be seen from the references

to literature at the end of the Latin description. A

native of the north-west corner of the Balkan Peninsula

it has at different times been connected with species of the

neighbouring countries and at other times it has been

described and redescribed as a new species. This is

not surprising if we consider the number and nature of

the characters which combine in varying ways in the

forms that constitute the “ lutea’’-series to which our

plant belongs. Our knowledge of them was chaotic until

Becker and Hayek taught us to discriminate between

them ; but even so there is still much to be learned con-

cerning the genetic behaviour of the characters and the

phyletic relations of the forms distinguished, so that the

controversy about the status and the name of our viola.

can hardly be considered as closed. Work on the lines

of J. Clausen’s researches on the Viola-tricolor-series (see

Bot. Tidsskrift. XX XVII. 205-221; 1921) would

advance much our knowledge of the group whilst it

would at the same time contribute to the solution of the

horticultural problems connected with it. There is no

doubt that V. elegantula and its immediate allies contain

the elements for further improvements and variations in

the already rich and beautiful stock of garden forms

derived from the “‘ lutea ”’-series.

The present plate was prepared from specimens

supplied by Sir John Ross of Rostrevor, Co. Down,

Ireland, who has been growing our viola for the last nine

years. It behaves in every respect like the ordinary

violas of our gardens and is a particularly free and pro-

longed flowerer. Neither the specimens which I saw at

Rostrevor nor those grown at Kew have so far given any

colour-variations which is rather remarkable as according

to the collectors the populations of V. elegantula, as

observable in the field, are particularly varied as far as

colour is concerned, the flowers running through purple,

rose and yellow to white.

The discovery of V. elegantula dates back to the forties

of the last century. Visiani was the first to record it (as

V. gracilis, Sibth. & Smith) in 1850 with Mts. Gniath and

Prolog in the Dinaric Alps on the frontier of Dalmatia

and Bosnia as habitat, and it was from a specimen from

Prolog that Schott described our species seven years later.

In 1872 Dr. J. Pantocsek found it in Montenegro (Mt.

Dormitor). Unaware of its identity with Visiani’s plant

he gave it a new name, JV. speciosa, in allusion to the size

and beauty of its flowers. Since the occupation of

Bosnia and the Hercegovina by Austria, which gave a

great impetus to the systematic exploration of these

countries, it has been collected again and again in the

sub-alpine and alpine zones of the mountains from the

neighbourhood of Travnik southwards, whilst Baldacci

discovered it later in Albania. It was no doubt from

Bosnia that V. elegantula found its way into our gardens

where it became known as JV. bosniaca. Becker records

a natural hybrid of V. elegantula x tricolor from Haram-

basaci near Travnik where Father Erich Brandis, a keen

student of the Bosnian flora, found it growing among the

parents in a field high up in the mountains. The same

combination has been described recently as V. x knap-

tonensis (Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XLII. p. exxvi (1917).

O.S

Fig. 1, part of a plant, nat. size; 2, a leaf with its stipules, x2;

3, @ flower in back view, nat. size; 4, pistil with some of the stamens and anthers

attached to it, *4; 5, an anther, x 7.

=< .

@ pa

sect

London

by,

.& G. Wither

Tas. 9022.

PHILADELPHUS DELAVAYI.

China.

SAXIFRAGACEAE. Tribe PHILADELPHEAE.

PHILADELPHUS Linn.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 642: Hngler in Engl.

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. III. 2a, 69; Koehne in Gartenfl. t. 456 (1896).

Philadelphus Delavayi, L. Henry in Rev. Hort. 1903, 12, fig 3, non Hutchin-

son in Bot. Mag. t. 8324; a P. purpurascente, Rehder, quocum confusus erat

habitu robustiore magis erecto ramis ab initio plerumque omnino glabris foliis

maioribus iuventute in dorso subtomentosis, floribus multo maioribus differt.

Frutex ad 3 m. altus, ramis purpurascentibus vel serius subcastaneis ab initio

glaberrimis. Gemmae incanae, breviter conicae, acutiusculae, hieme ultra

foliorum cicatrices exsertae. Folia petiolata; laminae ovatae, ovato-oblongae

vel ovato-lanceolatae, breviter (vel in ramis adventitiis longe) acuminatae

utrinque 7—14 dentatae dentibus saepe obscuris nisi hyatoda maiuscula

notatis, magnitudine valde variae, 6—12 cm. longae, 2—4°5 cm. latae vel

in ramibus sterilibus ultra 15 cm. longae et ad 7 cm. latae, tenuiores, facie

virides et minute sparse pilosae, dorso subglaucae, primo albido-pubescentes,

deinde praeter nervos glabrescentes, 5-pli-nerves ; petioli 5—7 mm. longi.

Racemi terminales, interdum floribus ex axillis foliorum summorum aucti,

5—7-flori, glaberrimi. Pedicelli 1—1°5 cm. longi. Receptaculum tur-

binatum, 5 mm. longum, fere atropurpureum, glaberrimum. Sepala ovata,

acuta vel acuminata, 5—6 mm. longa, purpurascentia, intra albo-sericea,

extra glaberrima. Petala late rotundato-elliptica, fere 2 cm. longa, 1°5 cm.

lata, obtusissima, nivea. Stamina circiter 35, filamentis 6—7 mm. longis.

Stylus e disco lato ad 8 mm. longus, vix ad medium 4-partitus, glaber ;

stigmata ad styli ramos decurrentia angusta, 1°5—1:‘75 mm. longa.

Ovarium 4-loculare. Koehne in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Gesellsch. 1904,

82 et 1906, 51; C. Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk. I. 370 (1905); II. 930

(1912); Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Gesellsch. 1915, 220 ; Rehder &

Wilson in Sarg., Pl. Wils. III. 421 (1917).

This is a shrub 2 to 3 m. high with upright glabrous

and sometimes pruinous, purplish or chestnut-brown

branches and with greyish conical leaf-buds which in the

winter are exserted from the leaf-scars. The leaves are

borne on stalks 5 to 7 mm. long and they vary much in

size and shape, being either ovate, ovate-oblong or ovate-

lanceolate and shortly acuminate with 7 to 14 small

teeth on each side and 5 nerves from near the base, their

dimensions being 6 to 12 cm. by 2 to 4°5 cm. or, in the

barren long-shoots, up to 15 cm. by 7 cm.; they are rather

thin, green and sparingly hairy on the face and somewhat

glaucous, and whitish-downy or at last almost glabrous on

the back except on the nerves. The loose racemes are

5 to 10 cm. long and they carry 5 to 7 large, mostly

snow-white fragrant flowers, 3 to 4 cm. across, on pedicels

1 to 15 cm. long. The top-shaped receptacle and the

ovate acute sepals which are very finely silky on the

inside are frequently bronzy- to blackish-purple. The

petals are almost round and they measure 15 to 17 mm.

in diameter. The glabrous style is entire up to beyond

the middle, then 4-cleft and hardly exserted from the

stamens; the stigmas are narrowly oblong.

DistRrBuTION.—North-west Yunnan, from the Likiang

range to the Tibetan frontier from 2,700 to 3,000 m.

This most handsome species was discovered by Pére

Delavay in Yunnan at an altitude of 3,000 m. in 1887.

Forrest found it subsequently on the eastern flank of the

Lichiang range (No. 2195) growing among scrub in open

situations and also near Tsekou on the Tibetan frontier

(No. 555). It was first (1900) brought to flower in the

garden of the Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle at Paris from

seed received from Delavay in 1888. The present plate

was prepared from material kindly placed at our disposal

by Mr. G. D. E. Loder who grew the plant from Forrest’s

seed in his garden at Wakehurst, Ardingly, Sussex.

P. Delavayi is perfectly hardy here as well as on the

continent; in fact, M. L. Henry considers it even

hardier than P. Coronarius. It is a rather early flowerer

(the middle of June in Sussex) which character in addition

to the size of its fragrant flowers, whose whiteness is

emphasized by the bronzy-purple of the calyx, renders

it a most desirable acquisition for the garden, all the more

so as it requires no more attention than our common

mock-orange. |

The affinity of P. Delavayi would seem to lie with the

American P. californicus in Koehne’s section Gemmatae

if the grouping attempted by that author can be accepted

throughout as representing natural phyla. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a portion of a flower-stalk, x5;

3, a portion of a full-grown leaf, seen from the back, x3; 4, a flower with the

petals removed, xX 2.

E-}

—

ling.et G. Atkinson. del .AWDarnell, lith H.F.& G.Witherby, London

Tas. 9023.

OURATEA FLAVA.

West Africa.

OcHNACEAE. Tribe OURATEEAE.

OurATEA Aubl.; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen}. III. 6. 140; Gomphia,

Schreb.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. I. 318.

Ouratea flava, Hutchinson & Dalziel MS. (nov. comb.) ; ab O. reticulata, Beauv.,

quacum olim confusa foliis arcte spinuloso-serratis, inflorescentia robustiore

differt.

Frutex, interdum arborescens, 1—d m. altus, glaber; rami teretes, iuniores

virides, vetusti cortice cinerascente tecti. ola breviter petiolata ; lamina

oblonga, basi acute cuneata vel rarius subobtusa, apice acuta vel breviter

acute acuminata, interdum undulata, praeter basin integram arcte spinuloso-

serrata, dentibus ad 5 per 1 cm., 10—25 cm. longa, 4—7°5 cm. lata, coriacea,

laete viridis, nitidula, exsiccando saepe leviter glaucescens, costa dorso pro-

minente, nervis primariis utrinque 10—15 valde prorsus curvatis et prope

marginem ipsum iunctis, uti nervi secundarii et venulae creberrimae utrinque

eleganter prominulis; petiolus incrassatus, 3—5 mm. longus; stipulae

caducissimae, lanceolato-subulatae, scariosae, nervoso-striatae, 2—2°5 mm.

longae. Inflorescentiae terminales, laxe paniculatae, saepe pauciramosae,

ad 25 em. longae; rami subflexuosi, patentes, 6—12 cm. longi, purpuras-

centes vel rubri; bracteae ovatae, 1 mm. longae, caducissimae ;_pedicelli

3—5-ni, fasciculati fasciculis 5—8 mm. distantibus, 7—14 mm. longi, supra

basin articulati, parte basali persistente. Sepala oblonga, obtusiuscula,

concava, 5—7 mm, ionga, sub anthesi patentia et flava, maturitate reflexa

et sanguinea. Petala obovato-cuneata, leviter emarginata, 9 mm. longa,

aurea, patentia, decidua. Stamina 5, in conum arcte conniventia, sub-

sessilia ; antherae e basi incrassata subulatae, acutae, transverse rugulosae,

4-5 mm. longae, aureae, sub apice poris apertae. Ovarium profunde

5-lobum ; stylus filiformis, 4—5 mm. longus. Drupulae perfectae plerumque

3—1, ambitu oblongo-ellipticae, atro-purpureae, nitidae, ad 8 mm. longae,

5 mm. diametro. Hmbryo hippocrepiformis, cotyledone una valde redacta

angusta faciei alterius crassissimae incumbente velobsoleta. O. spinuloso-

serrata, Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXIIT. 265 (1903); A. Cheval., Expl.

Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc. I. 109 (1920). Gomphia flava, Schum. & Thonn.,

Beskr. Guin. Pl. 216 (1827) ; Hook. f. in Hook. Fl. Niger 272 (1849) ; Stapf in

H. H. Johnston, Liberia, II. 586 (1906). G. macrocarpa, Hook. f. ex

Planch. in London Journ. Bot. VI. 2 (1847); G. reticulata, Oliver, Flor.

Trop. Afr. I. 320 pro parte (1868), non Beauv.

This in its home is a shrub or small tree from 1 to 5 m.

high with bright green branches glabrous like all other

parts. The thin but tough leathery bright-green leaf-

blades are borne on short stout stalks flanked at an

early stage by awl-shaped stipules 2-2°5 mm. long,

which fall off very soon, leaving a comparatively large

scar; the blades are more or less oblong, acute or

acuminate and exquisitely serrate, the teeth being almost

pungent and very close, and they measure 10 to 25 cm.

by 4 to 75 cm. ; the nerves (10 to 15 pairs) are strongly

curved forwards towards the margin and like the finer

partly transverse veins slightly prominent on both sides.

The flowers are arranged in loose terminal panicles with

long spreading branches on which they are grouped in

bunches of 3 to 5, their stalks which are 7 to 14 mm. long

being jointed above the base. The persistent oblong,

concave and obtuse sepals are 5 to 7 mm. long; they

are yellow in the flower and spread at right angles, but

they turn blood-red in the fruit—becoming deflexed at

the same time. ‘The deciduous petals are inversely ovate

with a wedge-shaped base, bright yellow and about 9 mm.

long. The 5 almost sessile awl-shaped anthers connive

in a slender cone around the style, dehiscing with two

pores near the apex. The deeply 5-lobed ovary matures

only three or two or only one of its lobes, which grow into

separate purplish-black dry drupelets seated on an

enlarged blood-red “torus,” each holding a single seed

with an embryo that consists of a minute radicle and a

large horse-shoe-shaped cotyledon to whose back is

sometimes appressed a narrow slender rudimentary

second cotyledon.

DisTRIBUTION.—Sierra Leone to Angola, extending

inland beyond the great forest-belt.

This brilliantly coloured shrub is one of a number of

closely related species of West Africa which are often

difficult to discriminate, the differential characters being

mainly in the shape and the dentation of the leaves and,

to a lesser degree, in the size of the flowers, the length of

their stalks and the shape of the drupelets. It has a

wide range from Sierra Leone to Central Angola, ex-

tending inland in places beyond the forest-belt and

inhabiting open savannah forest or occasionally, as part

of the undergrowth, rain-forest. It was discovered over

a hundred years ago by Thonning in the then Danish

colony of the Gold Coast, but it has long been confused

with the very similar O. reticulata, the Gomphia reticulata

of Palisot de Beauvais who had collected it in the delta

of the Niger about 1787. This appears to be a more

graceful plant with less and differently toothed leaves.

O. flava is like all its congeners a typically tropical plant

and has therefore to be treated as a stove-plant ; but as

such it does not require any special treatment and can

easily be propagated from cuttings in a warm case with

a temperature of 15° to 20° (60° to 70° F.) although they

strike slowly. The plant has been in cultivation in the

Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh since 1914 when it

was raised from seed received from Mrs. Emma B. Gough

and originally obtained by her from the Botanical

Garden at Aburi. Both the flowering and the fruiting

specimens shown in our plate were drawn from the

Edinburgh plant, the former in 1920, the latter last year.

Two species have so far been figured in the Botanical

Magazine, O. decorans (t. 5262) and O. Theophrasta

(t. 5642), both natives of South America. The genus is

very large—over 250 species are on record—and distri-

buted generally over the tropics of both hemispheres. It

is remarkably uniform in appearance and structure, and

it is difficult to distinguish natural phyla in it unless the

generalisation that the Old World species possess horse-

shoe-shaped embryos, whilst the embryos of the species

of the New World have equal straight cotyledons should

prove true. This might point to an early branching of

the primitive stock from which the genus has evolved ;

but so far few species have been examined in that direc-

tion. O. flava is a good example of the first type with

the further peculiarity that one cotyledon is frequently

obsolete whilst in other cases it grows out into a filiform

or, at the base, slightly widened organ which lies in a

median groove on the face of the other very large re-

curved cotyledon, the plumule and the radicle being in

either case very small. Van Tieghem, it is true, has

divided the genus into thirty-four genera, but Gilg has

shown conclusively that the segregation proposed by the

great French anatomist rests on such precarious ground

as to be quite untenable.

The substitution of the name Ouratea for Gomphia may

require a few words of explanation for those who are

more familiar with the older nomenclature. Ouratea—

the name was derived from “‘ ourati”’ the French version

of the Carib name of O. guianensis—was fully described

and well illustrated by Aublet in his great work on the

flora of French Guiana in 1775. For some unexplained

reason it fell into oblivion and became superseded by

Schreber’s name Gomphia (1789), which was meant to

replace a still earlier name Jabotapita proposed by

Adanson (1763) for a West-Indian species of Ouratea,

presumably because it appeared to the author too bar-

barous. More recently German and French botanists

have gone back to Aublet’s name as they were perfectly

justified to do, and the number of combinations under

Ouratea soon outnumbered those under Gomphia so far

that the conservation of the latter name would entail a

perfectly unreasonable duplication of names. O.S.

Fig. 1, a flowering branch, nat. size; 2, a flower without the petals, x 4;

3, anthers in side and front-view, x7; 4, top of an anther, showing the pores,

x 20; 5, part of a fruiting panicle, nat. size; 6, section through a ripe drupelet,

x 3 (the reduced cotyledon is visible on the right lying in a groove in the bigger

basal half of the large cotyledon) ; 7, a seed in side view, X3; 8, the same seen

from the side where the reduced cotyledon lies in the groove shown in fig. 6, x 3 ;

9, radicle and plumule with the base of a solitary cotyledon, the other being

completely suppressed x 20.

9000

9017

9002

8998

8981

8982

9003B

9012

9019

8999

8989

9011

9015

8996

8992

8997

8994

9006

9004

8979

9023

9005

9022

9013

INDEX

To Vor. CXLIX oF rHE WHOLE WorRK.

Amorphophallus cirrifer

Berberis morrisonensis

Boykinia tellimoides

Callistachys ovata

Candidea stenostegia

Caralluma pseudo—N.E.Brownit

Cassiope selaginoides

Centradenia floribunda

Corokia buddleioides

Cotoneaster salicifolia

Cyclamen balearicum

Dendrobium laevifolium

Dendrochilum uncatum

Epidendrum cristobalense

Hardenbergia Comptoniana

Lavatera bicolor

Lithospermum oleifolium

Lysionotus pauciflorus

Magnolia Wilsoni

Maxillaria chrysantha

Ouratea flava

Pentas coccinea

Philadelphus Delavayi

Philodendron teretipes

9008

8978

9020

9016

9010

9009

8986

9018

8990

9014

9001

8988

8993

8983

8985

8991

9007

8987

8995

8984

90034

8980

9021

Photinia Davidiana

Phytolacca clavigera

Picea Glehnii

Pieris talwanensis

Pimelea prostrata

‘Polygala Vayredae

Primula calciphila

Primula cardiophylla

Primula suffrutescens

Rhododendron apodectum

Rhododendron calostrotum

Rhododendron lacteum

Rhododendron Searsiae

Rhododendron Thayerianum

Sempervivella alba

Schizophragma integrifolum

Spencera ramalana

Tecophilea cyanocrocus

Thryptomene thymifolia

Turraea floribunda

Veronica canescens

Viburnum Davidii

Viola elegantula

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