European Journal of Taxonomy 11: 1-12

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2012.ll

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2012 • Igor Ya. Griehanov

Research article

Review of Campsicnemus species from the Atlantic Ocean Islands

(Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

Griehanov I.Ya. 2012 Review of Campsicnemus species from the Atlantic Ocean Islands (Diptera: Dolicho¬

podidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 11: 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2012.ll

Igor Ya. GRICHANOV

All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo 3, St.Petersburg, Pushkin, 196608, Russia.

Email: [email protected]

Abstract. New species Campsicnemus flavissimus sp. nov., C. meridionalis sp. nov., and C. sanctae-

helenae sp. nov. are described from St. Helena. A review and key to seven Campsicnemus species

inhabiting Azores, Canary Is., Madeira and St. Helena are provided. A new status (as subspecies of

C. armatus Zetterstedt, 1849) for C. caffer Curran, 1926 stat. nov. is proposed.

Key words. Dolichopodidae, Campsicnemus, Atlantic Ocean islands, new species, key.

Introduction

The genus Campsicnemus Haliday in Walker et al., 1851, belongs to the subfamily Sympycninae and

numbers about 280 species with an extremely high diversity of endemic species in the Hawaiian Islands

and French Polynesia (Evenhuis 2009; 2011). Griehanov (2009) listed and keyed recently 36 known

Palearctic species, of which 3 species were recorded on Azores, Canary Is. and Madeira. Eater one more

Palearctic species of Campsicnemus was described from Astrakhan Region of Russia (Griehanov 2011).

The Afrotropical zoogeographical Region numbered 6 species (Griehanov 1998), of which 3 species

were reported from St. Helena: C. magius Eoew, 1845 apparently has a Palearctic origin; C. atlanticus

Dyte, 1980 described from Azores and the Transpale arctic C. armatus ZQttQxstQ&t, 1849 were erroneously

recorded from the South Atlantic islands by Vanschuytbroeck (1976), as shown in this paper.

Three new species discovered from the territory of St. Helena are here described and illustrated. In

addition, a review of species known from the Atlantic Ocean islands is given. A key to males of Atlantic

species is provided. With the new species described here, the Afrotropical fauna of Campsicnemus now

totals 7 species.

Material and Methods

The holotypes and paratypes of the new species and other material cited are housed at the Royal Museum

for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium (RMCA), the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University,

Russia (ZMU), the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (NMSA) and the Finnish Museum of

Natural History, Helsinki, Finland (MZH).

European Journal of Taxonomy 11 : 1-12 ( 2012 )

Specimens were studied and illustrated with a ZEISS Discovery V-12 stereomicroscope and an AxioCam

MRc5 camera. Morphological terminology and abbreviations follow Grichanov (2007) and Gumming &

Wood (2009). The relative lengths of the podomeres should be regarded as representative ratios and not

measurements. Body length is measured from the base of the antenna to the tip of abdominal segment 7.

Wing length is measured from the base to the wing apex. Male genitalia were not dissected and figured

as they have low taxonomic value in the genus Campsicnemus (Evenhuis 2009; 2011). Information on

world distribution for known species follows Grichanov (2003-2011).

Results

Classis Hexapoda Blainville, 1816

Ordo Diptera Einnaeus, 1758

Subordo Brachycera Schiner, 1862

Superfamilia Empidoidea Eatreille, 1804

Epifamilia Dolichopodoidae Eatreille, 1809

FamiliaDolichopodidae Eatreille, 1809

Subfamilia Sympycninae Aldrich, 1905

Genus Campsicnemus Haliday, 1851

Diagnosis (based on Old World species)

Tiny to medium-sized fiies; face narrow in middle, extending downward; antennal arista-like stylus

dorsal; usually 4, rarely 5 dorsocentral bristles; acrostichal setae absent or uniseriate; and more

or less parallel; hind femur with subapical bristle; male legs usually modified and ornamented, rarely

simple; female abdomen fiattened dorsoventrally.

Campsicnemus meridionalis sp. nov.

Fig. 1

Material examined

Holotype

ST. HEEENA: S, Centre, High Central Ridge, Cabbage Tree Road, 2500 ft. Mar. 1967 / Coll. Mus.

Tervuren, Seconda Mission Zoologique a Sainte-Helene, J. Decelle, N. et J. Eeleup [RMCA].

Paratypes

ST. HEEENA (one of the specimens with additional label: R Vanschuytbroeck det. 1971, Campsicnemus

mirabilisTxQyy. 3 Sf, same data as for holotype; ST. HEEENA: 3 SS, Centre, High Central Ridge, 2300-

2600 ft, Feb. 1967 / Coll. Mus. Tervuren, Seconda Mission Zoologique a Sainte-Helene, J. Decelle, N. et

J. Eeleup; ST. HEEENA: 2 SS, Centre, High Central Ridge, 2500 ft, Apr. 1967 / Coll. Mus. Tervuren,

Seconda Mission Zoologique a Sainte-Helene, J. Decelle, N. et J. Eeleup; ST. HEEENA: 1 S, Centre,

High Central Ridge, 2600-2700 ft, 16 Sep. 1965 / Coll. Mus. Tervuren, Mission Zool. Ste-Helene, P.

Basilewsky, P.E.G. Benoit etN. Eeleup [RMCA].

Etymology

From the Eatin “southern”. Means the southernmost point of the genus’ distribution in the Atlantic Ocean.

Diagnosis

Mid femur with deep ventral subapical excavation; mid tibia and basitarsus densely covered with long

setae along entire length; mid basitarsus about 1/3 the length of next segment; antennal postpedicel 3

times longer than high at base, with drawn-out apex.

GRICHANOV I.Ya., Campsicnemus from Atlantic Ocean Islands

Description

Male

Length (mm). Body 1.85, wing 2.3/0.65, antenna 0.6, hypopygium 0.2.

Head. (Fig. IB). Frons shining blue-violet; oeellar and vertieal bristles blaek, 2/3 the length of antennal

stylus; oeeiput and vertex metallie, brownish-grey pollinose; faee with brown baekground, yellowish-

grey pollinose, redueed to thin line at middle, in upper part and in lower part half as wide as height

of postpedieel; palpus small, oval, dirty yellow, eovered with white hairs and one dark seta; proboseis

brownish, extending below eye in lateral view; antenna about as long as head height; seape and pedieel

yellow; postpedieel light brown, long haired, about 3 times longer than high, with drawn-out apex;

arista-like stylus blaek, basodorsal, pubeseent; length ratio of seape to pedieel to postpedieel to stylus,

5/3/14/30; postoeular setae yellow, 2-3 upper postoeular setae brown.

Thorax. Mesonotum and seutellum brown-blaek, with blue metallie refleetion; pleura dark brown, grey

pollinose, humeri light brown; thoraeie setae blaek: 3 pairs of dorsoeentrals (with posterior dorsoeentral

shorter and finer); 1 notopleural; 1 pair of strong seutellars; aerostiehals absent; halter yellow.

Fig. 1. Campsicnemus meridionalis sp. nov., S holotype. A. habitus. B. head. C. wing. D. mid femur.

E. mid tibia and tarsus. F. hind femora.

European Journal of Taxonomy 11 : 1-12 ( 2012 )

Legs. Including fore and hind coxae yellow, mid coxa brown; 5* segments of all tarsi brown; fore leg

simple, without remarkable setation; mid femur with flat ventral strip along entire length, with deep

subapical ventral excavation, with almost complete posteroventral row of setae, half as long as height of

femur; mid tibia laterally flattened and slightly thickened along entire length, with basoventral swelling

covered with microscopic erect spinules, dense anterior and posterodorsal rows of long setae, 1.5-2

times longer than width of tibia, somewhat shorter on distal fourth, with 2-3 apicals; mid basitarsus

with dorsal row of setae, about as long as diameter of basitarsus, and with black apicoventral spine,

about 1/3 the length of next segment (Fig. IE); hind leg practically simple; hind femur with single

strong subapical anterior bristle, with row of about 5 long stiff subapical posteroventral cilia; hind tibia

with 1 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsals and 2-3 apicals. Fore leg length ratio (from tibia to tarsomere 5):

38/21/10/8/6/6, mid leg: 70/12/11/10/7/6, hindleg: 75/18/21/14/8/7.

Wing. (Fig. 1C), hyaline; and almost straight and parallel behind level of dm-cu; ratio of cross¬

vein dm-cu to distal part of CuA^, 10/25; calypter yellowish, with brownish cilia.

Abdomen. Blackish-bronze, shining, weakly grey pollinose; with short black setae; terga 1-2 with white

hairs laterally; hypopygium blackish-brown, with small brown cercus covered with white hairs and with

simple black surstylus, not dissected.

Female

Unknown.

Differential diagnosis

Having subequal in length first two segments of mid tarsus and bearing strong apicoventral spine on

mid basitarsus, the new species is related to C. atlanticus, distinctly differing from the latter in mid leg

ornamentation (see key below).

Campsicnemus sanctaehelenae sp. nov.

Fig. 2

Material examined

Holotype

ST. HELENA: S, Centre, High Central Ridge, 2300-2600 ft, Feb. 1967 / Coll. Mus. Tervuren, Seconda

Mission Zoologique a Sainte-Helene, J. Decelle, N. et J. Leleup [RMCA].

Paratypes

ST. HELENA: 1 S, Centre, High Central Ridge, Cabbage Tree Road, 2500 ft. Mar. 1967 / Coll. Mus.

Tervuren, Seconda Mission Zoologique a Sainte-Helene, J. Decelle, N. et J. Leleup; ST. HELENA:

1 S, Centre, High Central Ridge, 2500 ft, Apr. 1967 / Coll. Mus. Tervuren, Seconda Mission Zoologique

a Sainte-Helene, J. Decelle, N. et J. Leleup [RMCA].

Etymology

The species is named for the island of origin.

Diagnosis

Mid tibia considerably dilated along entire length and curved; mid basitarsus with thick apical tooth,

about 1/3 the length of next segment; postpedicel about 4 times longer than high, with drawn-out apex.

GRICHANOV I.Ya., Campsicnemus from Atlantic Ocean Islands

Description

Male

Similar to C. meridionalis sp. nov. in all respects except as noted.

Length (mm). Body 1.5, wing 1.9/0.6, antenna 0.6, hypopygium 0.2.

Head. Antennal postpedieel brown, long haired, about 4 times longer than high, with drawn-out apex

(Fig. 2A); length ratio of seape to pedieel to postpedieel to stylus, 5/3/19/28.

Legs. Ineluding fore eoxa yellow, mid eoxa brown and hind eoxa brownish at base; fore leg simple; fore

femur with fine subapieal posteroventral seta; fore tibia with fine subapieal posterior seta; mid femur

without fiat ventral strip, without subapieal ventral exeavation, with anteroventral and posteroventral

rows of setae in distal half, nearly as long as height of femur; mid tibia laterally fiattened and strongly

thiekened along entire length, widest at 3/4, shallow ventral subapieal exeavation; mid tibia with row of

short ereet hairs on basal half, with group of about 10 blaek spinules ventrally at widest point, with sparse

irregular anterior and posterodorsal rows of long setae, about as long as maximal width of tibia, with

strong subapieal ventral bristle; mid basitarsus thiek and slightly eurved, with thiek blaek apieoventral

tooth, about 1/3 the length of next segment (Fig. 2E); hind femur with single strong subapieal anterior

bristle, with row of about 5 long stiff ventral eilia on distal half, with few subapieal posteroventral eilia.

Fore leg length ratio (from tibia to tarsomere 5): 35/18/8/7/5/6, mid leg: 50/13/12/10/7/7, hind leg:

58/12/18/11/7/8.

Wing. (Fig. 2B). hyaline; ratio of eross-vein dm-cu to distal part of CuA^, 9/22.

Fig. 2. Campsicnemus sanctaehelenae sp. nov., S holotype. A. antenna. B. wing. C. mid femur. D. hind

femur and tibia. E. mid tibia and tarsus.

European Journal of Taxonomy 11 : 1-12 ( 2012 )

Female

Unknown.

Differential diagnosis

Having subequal in length first two segments of mid tarsus and bearing strong apieoventral spine on mid

basitarsus, the new speeies belongs to C. atlanticus group of speeies, being elose to C. meridionalis sp. nov.,

but strongly differing in fiattened and thiekened mid tibia and mid leg ornamentation (see key below).

Campsicnemus flavissimus sp. nov.

Fig. 3

Material examined

Holotype

ST. HELENA: S, Centre, High Central Ridge, 2300-2600 ft, Feb. 1967 / Coll. Mus. Tervuren, Seeonda

Mission Zoologique a Sainte-Helene, J. Deeelle, N. et J. Leleup [RMCA].

Paratype

ST. HELENA: 1 $, same data as for holotype [RMCA] (both speeimens with additional label: R

Vansehuytbroeek det. 1971, Campsicnemus armatus Zett.).

Etymology

From the Latin “the yellowesf’. Refers to the new speeies body eoloration.

Diagnosis

Mid femur without ventral subapieal exeavation; mid tibia with ereet ventral spinules and eilia along

entire length; mid basitarsus 1.5 times longer than next segment.

Description

Male

Length (mm), body 3.7, wing 4.3/1.4, hypopygium 0.4.

Head. Frons shining blue-violet; oeellar and vertieal bristles long, blaek; postvertieal seta in line with

postoeular setal row; oeeiput and vertex metallie, brownish-grey pollinose; faee with brown baekground,

yellowish-grey pollinose, redueed to thin line at middle; palpus small, oval, yellow, eovered with white

hairs and setae; proboseis brownish, extending below eye in lateral view; antenna with yellow seape and

pedieel; postpedieel broken; lateral and lower postoeular setae yellow, upper postoeular setae blaek.

Thorax. Mesonotum light brown, weakly bluish shining; seutellum yellow; pleura yellow, weakly

pollinose, with small triangular blaek spot and small rounded blaek spot below ealypter; mesonotal setae

blaek: 4 pairs of strong dorsoeentrals; 2 notopleurals; 1 pair of strong seutellars; aerostiehals absent;

halter yellow.

Legs. Ineluding eoxae yellow; 5* segments of tarsi brown; fore eoxa with yellow hairs and 3 brown apieal

setae; mid and hind eoxa eaeh with 1 outer blaek seta; fore femur, tibia and basitarsus simple (other

tarsomeres broken); fore tibia with 1 strong middorsal bristle and 1 short anterior subapieal seta; mid

femur with strong subapieal posterior seta, densely eovered with ereet ventral eilia, more than half as

long as height of femur; mid tibia slightly thiekened in basal half, with short ereet ventral spinules in

basal half, with ereet ventral hairs in distal half, with dense dorsal rows of long setae, 2-2.5 times longer

than width of tibia, somewhat shorter on distal fourth, with 1 strong subapieal anterior and 1 strong apieal

ventral setae; mid basitarsus with long dorsal setae, longish at apex, and with short blaek apieoventral

GRICHANOV I.Ya., Campsicnemus from Atlantic Ocean Islands

spine (Fig. 3C); hind leg praetieally simple; hind femur with single strong subapieal anterior bristle, with

1 stiff subapieal posteroventral eilia; hind tibia with 3 anterodorsals, 4 dorsals and 4 apieals. Mid leg

length ratio (from tibia to tarsomere 5): 130/45/35/25/13/11, hind leg: 165/45/48/35/16/15.

Wing. (Fig. 3B). hyaline; and almost straight and parallel behind level of dm-cu; ratio of eross-

vein dm-cu to distal part of CuA^, 20/47; ealypter yellow, with blaek setae.

Abdomen. Mostly yellow, shining, weakly pollinose; with blaek setae; terga 5-6 brownish; terga 1-2 with

white hairs laterally; hypopygium brownish, with small yellow eereus eovered with white hairs and with

surstylus simple, blaek at apex, not disseeted.

Female

Length (mm), body 4.1, wing 4.7/1.5, antenna 1.2. Similar to male exeept laeking male seeondary sexual

eharaeters, otherwise as follows: Head (Fig. 3A). Faee yellowish-grey, at middle half as wide as faee

at elypeus; antennal postpedieel mostly yellow, brownish distally, as long as high at base, pubeseent;

arista-like stylus brown, with segment thiekened and 2"^ segment pubeseent; Length ratio of seape

to pedieel to postpedieel to arista-like stylus (L^ and 2"^ stylomeres), 8/5/10/4/52. Mesonotum mostly

yellow, brown between posterior 3 pairs of dorsoeentrals; seutellum brown in middle of dorsal surfaee,

with few white marginal hairs in addition to pair of strong bristles. Fore tibia with subequal middorsal

and posterior subapieal setae; mid femur with subequal anterior and posterior subapieal setae; mid tibia

with 4 anterodorsals, 1 posterodorsal, 2 ventrals and 4 apieals; hind tibia with 3 anterodorsals, 5 dorsals.

Fig. 3. Campsicnemus flavissimus sp. nov., S holotype and $ paratype. A. $ head. B. 3 wing.

C. 3 mid tibia and tarsus. D. 3 mid tibia, basal part. E. 3 mid femur.

European Journal of Taxonomy 11 : 1-12 ( 2012 )

Fore leg length ratio (from tibia to tarsomere 5): 80/50/26/19/10/8, mid leg: 140/55/32/20/13/11, hind

leg: 165/43/48/30/16/10. Abdomen mostly yellow, narrowly brown along tergal margins; oviseapt brown,

eoneealed.

Differential diagnosis

The new speeies belongs to C. atlanticus group of speeies, but being distinetly larger and having paler

body eoloration than other members of the group, strongly differing in mid leg ornamentation (see key

below).

Campsicnemus armatus (Zetterstedt, 1849)

armatus armatus (Zetterstedt, 1849): 3093 (Dolichopus) (Haliday in Walker et al., 1851: 190). Type

loeality: Denmark: Rosenthal, Gryphium. Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Czeeh Republie, Denmark,

Finland, Franee, Germany, leeland, Ireland, Italy, Mongolia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia

(Arkhangelsk, Kamehatka, Karelia, Krasnoyarsk, Murmansk, Nenetsia, Ekaterinburg, Yakutia, Yamal),

Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, UK; [here exeluded from St. Helena].

armatusdeserti Vaillant, 1953: 11 (as var. of C. armatus), Negrobov, 1991: 59 (as asubsp. of C. armatus).

Type loeality: not given [Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria]. Distribution: Algeria.

armatus caffer Curran, 1926: 15, stat. nov. Leetotype and paraleetotype in NMSA (examined). Type

loeality: South Afriea: Mpumalanga: Barberton. Distribution: South Afriea, Namibia.

Remarks

The nominotypieal subspeeies inhabits mainly boreal and temperate belts of the Palearetie Region.

C. a. deserti from North Afriea and C. a. caffer from southern Afriea ineonspieuously differs in leg

setation; they are also both slightly smaller than C. a. armatus (1.5-2 vs. 2.5 mm). Therefore, the two

Air lean subspeeies may represent a different speeies with a remarkable disjunetive pattern of distribution.

A male and females from St. Helena identified by Vansehuytbroeek (1976) as C. armatus [RMCA,

examined], belongs apparently to different speeies as they have brownish yellow rather than blaek body,

and a male and a female are deseribed here as a new speeies, C. flavissimus. Therefore, the speeies is

here exeluded from St. Helena fauna.

Campsicnemus atlanticus Dyte, 1980

atlanticus Dyte, 1980: 224 (nom. nov. for C. mirabilis Frey, 1945, nee Grimshaw, 1902). Distribution:

Azores; [here exeluded from St. Helena].

mirabilis Frey, 1945: 42. Types in MZH (examined). Type loeality: Azores: Sao Miguel, Tereeira.

Remarks

The speeies is only known from Azores. A long series of speeimens identified by Vansehuytbroeek

(1976) as C. mirabilis belongs to two different speeies deseribed here as new for seienee. Therefore, the

speeies is here exeluded from St. Helena fauna.

Campsicnemus crinitarsis Strobl, 1906

crinitarsis Strobl, 1906: 324. Type loeality: Spain: Malgrat. Distribution: Algeria, Franee, Greeee

(Crete, North Aegean), Italy, Moroeeo, Spain (inel. Canary Is.).

GRICHANOV I.Ya., Campsicnemus from Atlantic Ocean Islands

Material

2 SS, Canary Is.: Tenerife Is., park, 28.406 N, 16.570 W, 25-30 Mar. 2011 (N. Vikhrev) [ZMU]; I (?,

Moroeeo: SE of Essaouira, 3I.20°N 9.50°W, pine forest, 27 Mar. 2009 (N. Vikhrev) [ZMU].

Remarks

The speeies seems to have Mediterranean origin, reaehing to the Canary Is.

Campsicnemus cuwipes (Fallen, 1823)

curvipes (Fallen, 1823): 20 (Dolichopus) (Haliday, />? Walker et al., 1851: 189). Type loeality: not given.

Distribution: Abkhazia, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czeeh

Republie, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Franee, Germany, Greeee (inel. Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Italy,

Fatvia, Fuxembourg, ?Maeedonia, Moroeeo, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal (Azores

and Madeira), Romania, Russia (Adygea, Alania, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karelia, Karaehai-

Cherkessia, Krasnodar, Feningrad, Moseow, Pskov, Ryazan’, Stavropol’), Slovakia, ?Slovenia, Spain

(inel. Canary Is.), Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Ukraine (Crimea, Odessa), “Yugoslavia”.

Remarks

The speeies is rather eommon in Europe and Mediterranean Region, inhabiting also Canary Is., Azores

and Madeira.

Campsicnemus magius (Foew, 1845)

magius (Foew, 1845): 392 (Medeterus) (Foew, 1857: 26). Type loeality: Italy: Sieily. Distribution:

Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czeeh Republie, Franee, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Israel,

Moroeeo, The Netherlands, ?Slovenia, Spain, Romania, Russia (Astrakhan, Ekaterinburg, Kabardino-

Balkaria, Krasnodar, Rostov), Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK, Ukraine (Odessa), Uzbekistan,

“Yugoslavia”, St Helena (?introdueed).

Material

1 (S, St Helena: Extremite superieure Rural Retreat Gut, 2000 ft, 11-21 Apr. 1967 [RMCA; examined].

Remarks

The speeies inhabits mainly temperate and subtropieal belts of the Palearetie Region from Spain and

UK to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. A male identified by Vansehuytbroeek (1976) as C. magius, if not

mislabeled, should be eonsidered aeeidental introdueent in the fauna of the St. Helena island.

Doubtful speeies

Campsicnemus cupreus (Maequart) in Webb & Berthelot, 1839: 107 (Medeterus) (Bezzi, 1903: 345),

Beeker, 1918: 86 (?syn. of Campsicnemus crinitarsis Strobl, 1906; umeeognized). Type loeality: Spain:

Canary Is.

Remarks

The Medeterus cupreus female was deseribed with blaek faee and palpus, being “1 ligne et demie” (i.e.,

more than 3 mm) in length, that does not eorrespond to any of Atlantie Campsicnemus speeies.

European Journal of Taxonomy 11 : 1-12 ( 2012 )

Key to Campsicnemus males from Atlantic Ocean islands

1. Femora and tibiae praetieally simple; fore and mid basitarsi bearing very long bristly hairs, and

2nd-5th segments of same tarsi with elongated hairs; 2nd segment of mid tarsus flattened ventrally;

2.0 mm (Canary Is.).C. crinitarsis Strobl, 1906

- Femora or tibiae modifled or bearing bunehes or rows of remarkable setae; tarsi differently setose,

often modifled.2

2. Fore tibia strongly dilated; tarsal segments 1, 2 and 4 shortened, and lst-3rd segments of

fore tarsus bearing very long proeesses eovered with long hairs; faee golden-yellow; 3.0 mm

(St. Helena).C. magius (Loew, 1845)

- Fore leg praetieally simple; faee usually yellowish-grey.3

3. Mid basitarsus mueh shorter than next segment; hind femur with ventral row of strong blaek bristles;

faee yellow brown; 2.0-2.75 mm (Azores, Canary Is. and Madeira).C. curvipes (Fallen, 1823)

- Mid basitarsus about as long as or longer than next segment; hind femur with at most flne pale setae;

faee yellowish-grey.4

4. Mid tibia eonsiderably dilated along entire length and eurved; mid basitarsus with thiek apieal tooth;

1.5 mm (St. Helena).C. sanctaehelenae sp. nov.

- Mid tibia not dilated or slightly thiekened; mid basitarsus with at most thin apieal

spine.5

5. Mid femur without ventral subapieal exeavation; mid tibia with ereet ventral spinules and eilia

along entire length; mid basitarsus 1.5 times longer than next segment; 3.7 mm (St. Helena).

. C flavissimus sp. nov.

- Mid femur with deep ventral subapieal exeavation; mid tibia without ereet ventral spinules

and eilia; mid basitarsus not longer than next segment.6

6. Mid tibia and basitarsus densely eovered with long setae along entire length; antennal postpedieel

3 times longer than high at base, with drawn-out apex; 1.85 mm (St. Helena).

.C. meridionalis sp. nov.

- Mid tibia with long setae in basal half only in addition to 3 strong anterodorsal bristles in distal part;

mid basitarsus with short setulae; antennal postpedieel triangular, slightly longer than high at base;

2.2-2.5 mm (Azores).C. atlanticus Dyte, 1980

Discussion

The genus Campsicnemus is relatively well deflned in the Old World. The borders of the taxon beeome

rather obseure in the Hawaiian Islands and Freneh Polynesia (Evenhuis 2005; 2009). The speeies

deseribed and reviewed here belong to the Palearetie speeies groups. Now seven Campsicnemus speeies

are known from the Atlantie Oeean islands. Some more speeies may be found in the Cape Verde Islands

that remains poorly studied. The St. Helena fauna numbers four speeies of the genus, of whieh C. magius

apparently has a Palearetie origin, whereas three new speeies belong to the C. atlanticus group known

originally by a single speeies deseribed from Azores.

The mainly boreal and temperate Palearetie C. armatus is exeluded from St. Helena fauna in this paper.

C. a. deserti from North Alfiea and C. a. coffer from southern Afriea are eonsidered here as subspeeies of

C. armatus with a remarkable disjunetive pattern of distribution. They may have a eommon aneestor, and

their real degree of separation (or similarity) may require moleeular investigation. Inereased sampling

effort should provide speeimens that are appropriate for future studies of these flies.

GRICHANOV I.Ya., Campsicnemus from Atlantic Ocean Islands

Acknowledgements

We are sineerely grateful to Dr. M. De Meyer (Tervuren, Belgium), Dr. Pekka Vilkamaa (Helsinki,

Finland), Dr. Mike Mostovski (Pietermaritzburg, South Afriea) and to Drs. Andrei Ozerov and Nikita

Vikhrev (Moseow, Russia) for their help in any respeet.

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Manuscript received: 9 December 2011

Manuscript accepted: 22 March 2012

Published on: 29 March 2012

Topic editor: Koen Martens

In eomplianee with Artiele 8.6 of the ICZN, printed versions of all papers are deposited in the libraries

of the institutes that are members of the EJT eonsortium: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,

Franee; National Botanie Garden of Belgium, Meise, Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Afriea,

Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of

Natural Seienees, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.