European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35
http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2Q15.127
ISSN 2118-9773
WWW, europeanj oumaloftaxonomy. eu
2015 • Johansen P.-O. & Vader W.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3,0 License.
Research article
um:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2D0783F5-42BB-425C-AD47-A697C6B4QE8Q
New and little known species of Lepechinella (Crustacea, Amphipoda,
Lepechinellidae) and an allied new genus Lepesubchela
from the North Atlantic
Per-Otto JOHANSEN'*, & Wim VADER".
^ Uni Research Enviro nm ent - Section of Applied Enviro nm ental Research - marine. High Technology
Centre in Bergen, Norway.
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
^Tromso Museum, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway.
E-mail: [email protected]
^ um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:D8F8DD04-6F26-4CCQ-B98A-E8EQ68C38A09
^ um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:92E6QD63-E0Q3-466F-A155-F526B851B9CB
Abstract. New species of Lepechinella, L. norvegica sp. nov. andL. victoriae sp. nov., from the North
East Atlantic are described together with the new, closely related genus and species Lepesubchela
christinae gen. et sp. nov. Lepechinella arctica Schellenberg, 1926 from north of Spitsbergen and
Lepechinella schellenbergi Stephensen, 1944 from Greenland are redescribed. A key to the species of
Atlantic and Arctic Lepechinella is provided. Descriptions of taxonomic characters from related species
in the Atlantic and Arctic are discussed.
Key words. Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eepechinellidae, North Atlantic, Arctic.
Johansen P.O. & Vader W. 2015. New and little known species of Lepechinella (Cmstacea, Amphipoda,
Lepechinellidae) and an allied new genus Lepesubchela from the North Atlantic. European Journal of Taxonomy
127: 1-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2015.127
Introduction
Stebbing (1908) named the amphipod genus Lepechinella (after the Russian author Lepechin who
described a White Sea amphipod as early as 1780) for a species he collected at a depth of 850-900
meters off the Orkney Islands, Scotland. More than 30 species have so far been described in the genus
Lepechinella (Barnard 1973; Barnard & Karaman 1991; Sittrop & Serejo 2009). The genus has a
cosmopolitan distribution and contains mainly deepwater species on soft bottoms; some of the species
occur in the hadal trenches of the deep sea (Kamenskaya 1995). Lepechinellids are well adapted to a
demersal or epibenthic lifestyle on soft substrates in deep water (Barnard 1973).
Several Lepechinella species have previously been reported from the North Atlantic and Arctic.
Schellenberg (1925) described material he named Dorbanella sp. from 1000 meters deep, north of
Svalbard, but later (Schellenberg 1926, footnote) realized that this was a Lepechinella, and named it L.
1
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
arctica. Stephensen (1944) reported on material from W. Greenland, whieh he eonsidered to be the same
as Sehellenberg’s material, but having overlooked Sehellenberg’s 1926 paper, eoined the new name
L. schellenbergi. Eupraxie Gurjanova (1951) also thought she hadL. arctica from the deep Greenland
Basin; her material has later been renamed E. eupraxiella by Barnard (1973). Three speeies, L. helgi, L.
grimi andE. skarphedini were eaught in 1971 in epibenthie sledge hauls in the East leeland Basin (2700
meters) and deseribed as new speeies by Thurston (1980a,b). Further Atlantie speeies are L. echinata
from 4380 meters in the Bay of Biseay (Chevreux 1914) andE. manco from 843 meters in the Central
Mediterranean (Barnard 1973). Sittrop & Serejo (2009) deseribed three new speeies from the Campos
Basin, Brazil, and provided a key to Lepechinella speeies of the South Atlantie.
In the present paper, new speeies of Lepechinella are deseribed from the North Atlantie, as well as a
speeies in a new genus, Lepesubchela gen. nov., eharaeterized by subehelate peraeopods. The material,
deseribed by Sehellenberg (1925) and Stephensen (1944), is redeseribed here and the differenees
analyzed. The type loealities of North Atlantie and Aretie speeies are plotted in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Type loealities of North Atlantie speeies of Lepechinella and Lepesubchela. A. Lepechinella
arctica. B. Lepechinella eupraxiella. C. Lepechinella norvegica sp. nov. D. Lepechinella schellenbergi.
E. Lepechinella helgi/skarphedini/grimi. F. Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov. G. Lepesubchela christinae
gen. & sp. nov. H. Lepechinella chrysotheras. I. Lepechinella echinata. J. Lepechinella manco.
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JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Material and methods
Taxonomic material
The examined material was eolleeted in the North Atlantie and Aretie. Most of the animals were disseeted
in glyeerol and mounted on mieroseope slides in Fame’s fluid. However, the parts of the holotype of
L. arctica and also types of L. schellenbergi were disseeted in ethanol and mounted on mieroseope
slides using Euparal. Drawings were made using staeks of photos taken from a Bresser biolux NG
mieroseope with an eleetronie sensor and the drawings were made with an eleetronie pe-tablet using
the teehniques deseribed by Coleman (2003, 2006, 2009). The type material ofZ. arctica was borrowed
from the Museum far Naturkunde in Berlin and that of L. schellenbergi from the Zoologieal Museum
in Copenhagen. The rest of the type material is kept at the Bergen and Tromso Zoologieal Museums.
Definitions
Seta = flexible struetures that are artieulated
Spine = rigid struetures that are artieulated
Tooth = outgrowth that are not artieulated
Abbreviations used in table and figures
Al,2
Cxl-7
Epl-3
Gnl,2
Mxl,2
Mxp
P3-P7
Ul-3
Antenna 1, 2
Coxal plate 1-7
Epimeral plate 1-3
Gnathopod 1, 2
Maxilla 1, 2
Maxilliped
Peraeopod 3-7
Uropod 1-3
Results
Systematics
Order Amphipoda Eatreille, 1816
Suborder Gammaridea Eatreille, 1802
Family Lepechinellidae Sehellenberg, 1926
The amphipod Lepechinella chrysotheras, deseribed by Stebbing (1908), was initially plaeed in the
family Paramphithoidae Stebbing, 1906. Unaware of this, Chevreux (1914) deseribed Dorbanella
echinata and plaeed it in the family Tironidae Stebbing, 1906. Sehellenberg (1925) dQSCxihQdiDorbanella
sp. and the family Dorbanellidae. One year later Sehellenberg (1926) beeame aware of the earlier
deseription of a Lepechinella speeies by Stebbing, and established the family name Eepeehinellidae.
Eater J.E. Barnard (1973) transferred the genera Lepechinella and Paralepechinella Pirlot, 1933 to the
family Dexaminidae Eeaeh, 1814. Barnard & Karaman (1991) ineluded Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908,
Lepechinellopsis Eedoyer, 1982, Lepechinelloides Thurston, 1980 and Paralepechinella Pirlot, 1933
in the family Dexaminidae. Andres & Brandt (2001) revalidated the status of family Eepeehinellidae.
Sittrop & Serejo (2009) gave a more extensive historieal review of lepeehinellid systematies.
Diagnosis
Andres & Brandt’s diagnosis of Eepeehinellidae from 2001 is based on the publieations of Sehellenberg
(1926), J.E. Barnard (1970, 1973) and Bousfleld & Kendall (1994): “Diagnosis: Body proeessiferous
dorsomedially (variable), and/or eovered with setae/spines. One to all eoxal plates of peraeopods \-A
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127 : 1-35 ( 2015 )
acutely pointed distally, sometimes bifid. Ursomites 2 and 3 separate to eompletely fused. Aeeessory
fiagellum one- or two-artieulate. Mandibular molar and palp present. Lower lip with inner lobes. Maxilla
2: inner plate without oblique row of setae. Peraeopods slender, elongate; peraeopods 5-7 similar, bases
linear. Oostegites narrow. Rami of uropods styloid; uropod 3 outer ramus with tiny artiele 2. Telson
normally exeavate, lobes usually gaping widely.”
Variations
Rostrum present (e.g., Lepechinella) or laeking (e.g., Lepechinelloides)\ eephalie teeth present
(e.g., Lepechinella) or laeking (Lepechinelloides, Paralepechinella); urosome segments 2 and 3
separate {Lepechinella wolffi) to eompletely fused (e.g., Lepechinella echinata, L. drygalskii and
L. curvispina, Paralepichinella spp.); mandibular molar triturative {Lepechinella, Paralepechinella)
or non-triturative {Lepechinelloides, Lepechinellopsis); mandibular palp three-artieulate {Lepechinella,
Lepechinellopsis, Paralepechinella) or one-artieulate {Lepechinelloides)', uropods 1-3 outer rami
redueed {Lepechinellopsis)', telson eleft distally {Paralepechinella longipalpa Pirlot, 1933).
Type genus
Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908
The genera ineluded in Lepeehinellidae are: Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908; Paralepechinella Pirlot,
1933; Lepechinelloides Thurston, 1980a; Lepechinellopsis Ledoyer, 1982. This paper also ineludes a
new genus ealled Lepesubchela gen. nov. The type speeies of this genus is among others eharaeterized
by strongly subehelate peraeopods 6 and 7.
Key to the genera of Lepeehinellidae
1. Mandible palp 1-artieulate. Lepechinelloides Thurston, 1980
- Mandible palp 3-artieulate .2
2. Peraeopods 6 and 7 elearly subehelate. Lepesubchela (gen. nov.)
- Peraeopods 6 and 7 simple .3
3. Mandible palp with artiele 3 extremely long, longer than lOx artiele 2 .. Paralepechinella Pirlot, 1933
- Mandible palp with artiele 3 normal, shorter than artiele 2.4
4. Uropods 1-3 with outer ramus strongly redueed, shorter than A of inner ramus .
. Lepechinellopsis Ledoyer, 1982
- Uropods 1-3 with outer ramus normal. Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908
Genus Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908
Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908: 344-346, plate XVl.
Dorbanella Chevreux, 1914: 1^, figs 1-3.
Diagnosis
The eharaeters given in the diagnosis of the genus Lepechinella by Sittrop & Serejo (2009: 475) are:
“Body with projeetions on the dorsal midline; eephalie tooth divided into two eusps pointed anteriorly;
upper lip bilobate; mandible with palp, artiele 2 of palp of mandible longer than artiele 3, ineisor proeess
dentate, laeinia mobilis dentate, molar triturative; artiele 2 of palp of maxilla 1 expanded distally; inner
plate of maxilla 2 narrower than outer plate; artiele 2 of palp of maxilliped longer than artieles 1 and 3
eombined; peraeopods 3 to 7 slender, all artieles elongated, exeept for artiele 3”.
4
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Key to the species of Atlantic and Arctic Lepechinella
1. Peraeon segment 1 without dorsal teeth .2
- Peraeon segment 1 with 1 or 2 dorsal teeth (may be small) .3
2. Coxal plate 3 elearly bifid; peraeon segment 4 with dorsal tooth.
. L. campensis Sittrop & Serejo, 2009. Campos Basin slope, eoast of Brazil
- Coxal plate 3 not bifid; peraeon segment 4 dorsally smooth.
. L. laurensi Sittrop & Serejo, 2009. Campos Basin slope, eoast of Brazil
3. Peraeon segment 1 with a single dorsal tooth . . .L, skarphedini Thurston, 1980. East leeland Basin
- Peraeon segment 1 with 2 dorsal teeth (may be small) .4
4. Dorsal teeth on peraeon segment 1 small.5
- Dorsal teeth on peraeon segment 1 well-developed.6
5. Gnathopod 1 very slender, earpus mueh longer than propodus; not heavily setose dorsally
. L. grimi Thurston, 1980. East leeland Basin
- Gnathopod 1 moderately slender, earpus and propodus subequal in length. Heavily setose
along dorsal midline . . .L, hirsuta Sittrop & Serejo, 2009. Campos Basin slope, eoast of Brazil
6. Urosome segments 2-3 not fused.7
- Urosome segments 2-3 fused .8
7. Coxal plate 1 bifid, both lobes with serration; Pleon segments 1-3 with 1 large and 1 smaller
dorsal tooth . L. eupraxiella (Barnard, 1973). Between Spitzbergen and Greenland
- Coxal plate 1 bifid, both lobes with smooth margins; Pleon segments 1-3 with one large
and two smaller dorsal teeth . L. chrysotheras Stebbing, 1908, North of British Isles
8. Coxal plate 1 long, aeute, not bifid . L. echinata Chevreux, 1914. Bay of Biseay
- Coxal plate 1 elearly bifid.9
9. Pleon segments 1-3 with one large dorsal tooth only . L. victoriae sp. nov.. South of leeland
- Pleon segments 1-3 with additional dorsal teeth, besides the large posterior one .10
10. Pleon segments 1-3 with several smaller teeth (or humps) besides the large posterior one.11
- Pleon segments 1-3 with one smaller tooth (or hump) besides the large posterior one .12
11. Coxal plate 3 elearly bifid, with posterior lobe small, but aeute. Uropod 1 rami subequal
. L. manco Barnard, 1973. Mediterranean
- Coxal plate 3 aeute, posterior lobe vestigial. Uropod 1 inner ramus elearly shorter (65 %) than
outer ramus . L. helgii Thurston, 1980. East leeland Basin
12. Coxal plate 4, width 2x the width of basis . L. norvegica sp. nov.
- Coxal plate 4, width 3^x the width of basis .13
13. Peraeopod 7 earpus 1.2x propodus, eoxal plate 7 posterodistal eomer rounded, posterior margin
of peraeopod 7 basis with spines . L. schellenbergi Stephensen, 1944, Western Greenland
- Peraeopod 7 earpus is 1.6x propodus, eoxal plate 7 parallelogram shaped with aeute
posterodistal eomer, posterior margin of peraeopod 7 basis with setae.
. L. arctica (Sehellenberg, 1926), Aretie Polar Basin
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
The most important differences between L. arctica, L. schellenbergi andL. norvegica sp. nov. are shown
in Table 1.
Table 1. Characters that separate Lepechinella arctica Schellenberg, 1926, L. schellenbergi Stephensen,
1944 andL. norvegica sp. nov.
L. norvegica sp. nov.
L. schellenbergi
L. arctica
Body
Many long dorsal/lateral setae
and spines
Some long dorsal/lateral setae
and spines
Few long dorsal/lateral setae
and spines
Head
Postantennal comer rounded
Postantennal corner rounded
Postantennal corner acute
according to drawing and text
by Schellenberg (1925)
Md
Md palp art. 3 subequal to
art.l. Palp art. 2 with 12 setae
and art.3 with 7 setae. Molar
elliptic with small ribs along
margins
Md palp art. 1 is 1.2x art. 3.
Palp art. 2 with 7 setae and
art.3 with 5 setae. Molar
elongated with transversal ribs
Md palp art. 1 > art.3 and a
strong molar according to
Schellenberg (1925)
Mx2
Inner plate narrow (Cs of outer
plate) with apical and lateral
setae
Inner plate width I /2 of outer
plate, with apical setae
Inner plate half as wide as
outer plate according to
Schellenberg (1925)
Mxp
Outer lobe reaches the third
joint of palp
Outer lobe reaches the third
joint of palp
Outer lobe reaches to the last
third of the second joint of
palp according to Schellenberg
(1925)
Gnl and Gn2
Inner edge of dactyl with
notches
Inner edge of dactyl smooth
Inner edge of dactyl smooth
according to Schellenberg
(1925)
P3 and P4
P3 merus 1.6x carpus. Width
of Cx3 and Cx4 is 2x width of
basis
P3 mems 1.4x carpus. Coxae
posteriorly produced. Width
of Cx3 and Cx4 is 3x width of
basis
P3 merus 1.9x carpus. Coxae
posteriorly produced. Width
of Cx3 and Cx4 is 4x width of
basis
P6 and P7
Posterior margin of basis with
spines
Posterior margin of basis with
spines
Posterior margin of basis with
setae
P7
Carpus is 1.3x propodus.
Posterior corner of Cx7
rounded
Carpus is 1.2x propodus.
Posterior corner of Cx7
rounded
Carpus is 1.6x propodus.
Cx7 parallelogram shaped.
Posterior corner of Cx7 acute
Gills
Smooth without distinct
pattern
Oblique proximally pleated
Smooth with a distinct distal
capillary pattern
Ep3
Female Ep3, posterodistal
angle forming a large sinus
Female Ep3, posterodistal
angle forming a small sinus
Female Ep3, posterodistal
angle forming a large sinus
U2
Outer ramus 0.8x of inner
ramus
Outer ramus 0.7x of inner
ramus
—
Telson
4 lateral setae and 4 dorsal
spines. Telson cleft to 80 % of
total length
2 lateral setae. Telson cleft to
50 % of total length
—
6
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Lepechinella arctica Sehellenberg, 1926
Figs 2-A
Dorbanella sp. Sehellenberg, 1925: 206-207, fig. 6.
Lepechinella arctica Sehellenberg, 1926: 394.
Lepechinella Stephensen, 1938: 271-273.
Lepechinella arctica - Barnard 1973: 10. — Barnard & Karaman 1991: 268-269.
non Lepechinella arctica - Gurjanova 1951: 674-677, fig. 465 (= Lepechinella eupraxiella Barnard,
1973: 17).
Material examined
Holotype
Parts from peraeon and pleon (Museum far Naturkunde Berlin: Registration no. 19.848). The speeies
is reeorded from the Romer & Sehaudinn Expedition, st. 41, in the Polar Basin north of Nordaustlandet
and Spitzbergen, Svalbard, at position 8P20’N, 20°30’E, 1000 meters, initially named Dorbanella sp.
by Sehellenberg (1925), but later the name was ehanged to Lepechinella arctica by Sehellenberg (1926).
The deseription of L. arctica is based on new drawings of the peraeon and pleon in addition to the text
and the original drawing of the head made by Sehellenberg (1925). The urosome was missing in the
original sample. Sehellenberg (1925) briefiy deseribed the mouthparts and made a drawing of the head,
but these parts have unfortunately not been found in the eolleetions.
Redescription
Holotype
Female with frilly developed oostegites, length 5.5 mm without urosome.
Body. Two mid-dorsal teeth on peraeon segment 1. Peraeon segments 2-7 with one dorsal tooth eaeh, a
few setae and spines, primarily on the dorsal part. Coxal plates with some spines and thin setae. Coxal
plate 1-7 deereasing in height posteriorly. Peraeon segments 1-7 with distinetly developed lobes above
the eoxal plates.
Head (Fig. 2). Aeeording to Sehellenberg (1925) (translated from German): “Head short, exelusive of
the proeesses not mueh longer than thorax segment. Rostrum shaped as a heavy, aeute, horizontal
spine, a little wavy, half as long as joint of antenna 1. Eateral lobe of head not projeeting, but provided
with 2 marginal spines; postantennal eomer aeute. No eyes”.
Fig. 2. Lepechinella arctica Sehellenberg, 1926 {Dorbanella sp.),
head redrawn after Sehellenberg (1925).
7
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
Mouthparts. According to Schellenberg 1925 (translated from German): “Oral parts mueh projeeting.
Free margin of upper lip rounded, lateral lobes of lower lip distally rounded; mandibular proeesses very
short and blunt; inner lobes well developed. Mandible strong, molar proeesses broad; ineisor and laeinia
mobilis strong and of about equal size, with several blunt teeth; spines long and strong; palp slender.
Fig. 3. Lepechinella arctica, holotype, A. Left Gnl. B. Right Gn2. C. Right P3. D. Peraeon andpleon.
8
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
2"^ and 3"^^^ joints setose, joint longer than 2"^ joint 4 times as long as 3'^^^. Inner plate of maxilla 1
mueh narrower than outer plate, apieally with 2 strong setae; outer plate broad, with 10 dentate spines
on the blunt apex; palp strong, apieally with short, broad teeth. Maxilla 2 with plates apieally densely
setose. Inner plate shorter, and only half as broad as outer plate. Maxilliped has inner lobe somewhat
oval, apieally blunt, beset with setae and a few short heavy dentieles; outer lobe oval, reaehes to the last
third of 2"^ joint of palp; distal part of inner margin beset with short thiek teeth apieally ending in spines;
palp normal, 2"^ joint twiee as long as 3*^^ joint.”
Fig. 4. Lepechinella arctica, holotype, $. A. Right P4. B. Right P6. C. Right P5. D. Right P7. E. Tooth
of peraeon segment 6. F. Gill of P5. G. Epl. H. Ep2. I. Ep3. J. Spine on Ep3.
9
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
Peraeon. Gills smooth with distinct distal capillary pattern; Gnathopods with slender setae on both
margins. Gnathopod 1 subehelate; eoxal plate 1 asymmetrieally bifid, anterior proeess 2x the posterior
proeess; eoxal plate 1 medially tapering; propodus subequal to earpus; propodus 0.5x basis; posterior
margin of earpus with 5 rows of long setae; medial part of propodus with 3 groups of setae; palm of
propodus with serrulations; daetyl eurved and 0.5x propodus. Gnathopod 2 subehelate and longer than
gnathopod 1; eoxal plate 2 tapering to an aeute tip; earpus longer than merus and propodus; daetyl eurved;
palm of propodus serrulate. Anterior part of eoxal plate 3 aeute, posterior part squarely produeed; width
of eoxal plate 3 is 4x width of basis; peraeopod 3, merus 2x earpus; merus longer than basis; propodus
subequal to earpus and daetyl; daetyl laneeolate. Coxal plate 4 pointed anteriorly, posterior part squarely
produeed; width of eoxal plate 4 is 4x width of basis; peraeopod 4, merus is the longest artiele and 1.3x
basis; basis and propodus subequal in length; daetyl and earpus shorter than propodus; daetyl laneeolate.
Coxal plate 5 is anteriorly pointed; peraeopod 5, earpus longer than merus and propodus; daetyl is
broken. Coxal plate 6 reetangular shaped with an anterior bulge; peraeopod 6, merus shorter than earpus
and subequal to propodus; basis longer than earpus; daetyl shorter than propodus; daetyl laneeolate.
Coxal plate 7 parallogram-shaped and 2x broader than high; peraeopod 7, merus shorter than earpus and
subequal to propodus; basis with a posterior proximal lobe; the tip of the laneeolate daetyl is broken.
Peeon. Segments 1-3 shorter than peraeon segments 1-7; pleon segments 1-3 with one small and large
mid-dorsal tooth eaeh; lateral lobes on pleon; epimeral plate 1 larger than plates 2 and 3; posterodistal
angle of epimeral plates 1-3 aeute and forming a sinus, sinus largest in epimeral plates 2 and 3; few setae
and some seattered spines on epimeral plates 1-3.
Remarks
L. arctica is eharaeterized by few dorsal and lateral setae and spines. Posterior part of eoxal plates 3
and 4 are squarely produeed and 4x broader than basis. The shape of eoxal plate 3 and 4 and relative
length of leg artieles of peraeopod 3 and 4 are different from L. schellenbergi andT. norvegica sp. nov.
(Table 1). Peraeopod 3 merus / earpus ratio is signifieantly higher in L. arctica than in the two other
speeies. Sehellenberg disseetedthe mouthparts of speeimens from Spitzbergen and deseribedthem briefly.
However, the mouthparts eould not be drawn sinee we were unable to loeate them in the eolleetions.
Sehellenberg wrote that the postantennal eomer of L. arctica was aeute and mandible palp artiele 1
longer than artiele 3, whieh is different from L. norvegica sp. nov. Antenna 2 pedunele artiele 5 is 1.5-2x
the length of the penultimate pedunele artiele in L. schellenbergi andC. norvegica sp. nov. Sehellenberg
wrote that the two last pedunele artieles on the antenna 2 are subequal in length and that the fiagellum
was broken. However, the exaet length of antenna 2 pedunele artiele 5 is uneertain, beeause the distal
part of pedunele artiele 5 may also have been lost. Peraeopod 7 earpus of L. arctica is 1.6x propodus.
Coxal plate 7 has the shape of a parallelogram and the posterior eomer of eoxal plate 7 is aeute. The
Peraeopod 7 earpus / propodus ratio is signifieantly lower in L. schellenbergi and L. norvegica sp. nov.
and the posterodistal part of eoxal plate 7 is rounded in these two speeies.
Lepechinella norvegica sp. nov.
um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:F3E97726-1656-45CF-BDQ0-98A19A172FDQ
Figs 5-9
Diagnosis
Eyes absent. Body heavily eovered with spines and setae. Rostmm longer than lateral proeesses. Mandible
palp artiele 1 subequal to artiele 3. Molar oval with ragged margins. Maxilliped palp 4-artieulate.
Posterior legs long and very slender. Coxal plate 4 symmetrieally bifid. Posterodistal eomer of eoxa
7 rounded. Gills smooth. Pleon segments 1-3 eaeh with one small and one large dorsal tooth. Telson
deeply eleft.
10
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Etymology
norvegiea (Eatin) = Norwegian.
Material examined
The holotype of Lepechinella norvegiea sp. nov. was eolleeted during the Mareano projeet using RP-
sledge at station R-578, situated at Teistengrunnen on the Norwegian eoast. The sediment at R-578
eonsisted of sandy mud with gravel Additional material examined was eolleeted from the Mareano-
Fig. 5. Lepechinella norvegiea sp. nov., holotype, S- A. Habitus. B. Eeft Gnl. C. Daetyl and propodus
of Gnl. D. Right Gn2.
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
station R-11, Tromsoflaket and from station 1136-79, Bleikdypet. The type material of Lepechinella
sp. nov. is deposited in the eolleetions of Bergen Zoologieal Museum and Tromso Museum in Norway.
Fig. 6. Lepechinella norvegica sp. nov., holotype, f. A. Right Epl. B. Spine on Epl. C. Right Ep2.
D. Right Ep3. E. Eeft P5. F. Right P7. G. Daetyl of left P7. H. Eeft P3.
12
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Holotype
S, registration no. ZMBN 99130, station R-578, 70®22.66’N, 17®10.14’E, depth 706 meter, 9 Aug. 2010
(Figs 5-8).
Allotype
$, registration no. ZMBN 99131, station R-578, position and date as for holotype (Fig. 9).
Additional material
S, registration no. ZMBN 99132, station R-578, position and date as for holotype.
$, registration no. ZMBN 99133, station R-11, 301 meter, 7E13.22’N, 2E43.41’E, 1 Jun. 2006.
S, registration no. TSZCr 14984, station 1136-79, 69®27’N, 15°20’E, depth 720-750 meter, 21 Aug.
1979.
Description
Holotype
Adult male 7 mm.
Body. Abundantly eovered dorsally and laterally with long setae and spines. Spines, whieh vary in
length, are attaehed to dises. Coxal plates posteriorly deereasing in height. 2 mid-dorsal teeth on peraeon
segment 1 and one on eaeh peraeon segments 2-7. One small mid-dorsal wart with 2 setae prior to the
tooth on peraeon segment 7. Pleon segments 1-3, eaeh with 1 small and 1 large dorsal tooth. Gnathopods
1-2 shorter than peraeopod 3-7.
Head. Rostrum aeute and 0.5x antenna 1 pedunele artiele 1; rostrum 2x eye lobes; postantennal eomer
with rounded angle; eyes absent or at least indistinet in aleohol; setae on the head attaehed to eylinder-
shaped pegs. Row of short setae-groups on posterior margin of antenna 1 pedunele artieles 1-2; pedunele
artiele 1 broader than pedunele artieles 2-3; pedunele artiele 2 medially tapering and 2x pedunele artiele
1; pedunele artiele 3 is A of pedunele artiele 1; flagellum with at least 26 artieles (the tip is broken);
flagellum 1.4x pedunele artieles 1-3 eombined; aeeessory flagellum is 1-artieulate with two apieal setae.
Antenna 2 longer than antenna 1; antenna 2 pedunele artieles 4-5 anterior margin with row of setae
groups distally deereasing in length; pedunele artieles 1, 2 and 3 broader than pedunele artieles 4 and
5; pedunele artiele 4 distally tapering; pedunele artiele 5 is 2x pedunele artiele 4; flagellum longer than
pedunele artiele 5; flagellum 33-artieulate.
Mouthparts. Upper lip oval lobes and medially eonstrieted; lower lip bilobate; inner lobe extending
to Vi of the outer lobe. Mandible, ineisor and laeinia mobilis of subequal length, both with dentieles;
molar is elliptie, saueer-shaped with ragged margins; 6-7 aeeessory spines; mandible palp artiele 1
and 3 subequal; mandible artiele 2 slightly eurved with 12 long setae; mandible artiele 2 is 4x artiele
3, mandible artiele 3 with 4 lateral and 4 long apieal setae. Maxilla 1, inner plate narrow with 2 apieal
plumose setae; outer plate tapering distally, with 10 apieal serrate spine teeth; palp 2-artieulate obliquely
truneated; palp with 6-7 blunt spines and one longer apieal spine. Maxilla 2, inner plate shorter and
narrower than outer plate; outer plate with about 25 distal long setae; inner plate with 1 strong plumose
setae in addition to apieal setae; inner margin of inner plate lined with setae. Maxilliped, outer plate 2x
inner plate; inner plate slender with 3 blunt apieal teeth and setae along the inner margin; outer plate
armed with 14 broad spine teeth of deereasing length on distal and medial margin; outer plate reaehes
artiele 3 of palp; palp 4-artieulate where the seeond artiele is subequal to the two last artieles eombined.
Peraeon. Coxal plate 1, 3 and 4 biaeuminate, eoxae partly eovered with setae and spines attaehed on
dise-shaped pegs. Gills, shape oval and smooth. Gnathopod 1 subehelate; eoxal plate 1 asymmetrieally
13
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
bifid with long setae along distal margins; anterior eoxal plate 1 proeess 1.4x posterior proeess; propodus
shorter than earpus and distally tapering; posterior margin of earpus with 7 groups of long setae; daetyl
eurved with 6 notehes; daetyl 0.5x propodus; both margins of propodus with 4 groups of setae; palm
of propodus serrulate. Gnathopod 2 longer than gnathopod 1. Coxal plate 2 tapering to an aeute tip;
gnathopod 2, merus Vi of earpus; earpus 1.4x propodus; daetyl eurved with 7 notehes; palm of propodus
serrulate. Coxal plate 3 asymmetrieal, anterior part pointed, posterior part with a small hump; peraeopod
3, merus 1.6x earpus; propodus and daetyl subequal; daetyl laneeolate. Coxal plate 4 symmetrieally
Fig. 7. Lepechinella norvegica sp. nov., holotype, f. A. Right P4. B. Tooth of peraeon segment 4. C. Left
P6. D. Spine on basis of P6. E. Male A2. F. Male Al. G. Aeeessory fiagellum on Al.
14
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
bifid; peraeopod 4, mems E6x earpus; earpus 0.7x propodus and daetyl; short spines and setae on eoxal
plate 4 and basis. Coxal plate 5 anteriorly aeute, posterior part rounded; peraeopod 5, mems 0.6x earpus;
earpus 1.3x propodus; daetyl laneeolate; daetyl shorter than propodus. Coxal plate 6 anteriorly bluntly
pointed; peraeopod 6, mems subequal to propodus; mems 0.7x earpus; small spines and setae on eoxal
plate 6 and basis; daetyl shorter than propodus; daetyl laneeolate. Coxal plate 7 anterior part aeute and
posterior rounded; eoxal plate 7 is 2x broader than high; peraeopod 7, mems 0.6x earpus; earpus 1.3x
propodus.
Pleon. Segments 1,2 and 3 eaeh with one large and one small dorsally situated tooth. Posterodistal angle
of epimeral plates 1-3 aeute, forming a small sinus; epimeral plate 3 sinus largest; setae along margins
and 2 arrays of spines on epimeral plates 1-3. Urosome segment 1 subequal to 2 and 3 eombined;
urosome segment 1 with 1 mid-dorsal tooth; urosome segments 2 and 3 fused. Uropod 1 pedunele has
two distal spines and rows of spines along the margins; pedunele longer than both rami; inner ramus
0.9x outer. Uropod 2 pedunele shorter than inner ramus and subequal to outer; outer ramus 0.8x of inner
ramus. Uropod 3 pedunele about U of the rami; longer ramus l.lx shorter; rami densely eovered with
long setae. Telson parts are gaping, eleft to 80 % of total length; length of apieal setae subequal to telson;
four setae along the margins of telson, four spines on the dorsal part of the last urosome segment.
Allotype
Adult female 7 mm.
Antenna 1 pedunele artiele 1 is 1.5x artiele 3; seattered long setae along margins of pedunele artiele
2; pedunele artiele 2 is 2.5x pedunele artiele 1; pedunele artiele 1 broader than pedunele artieles
2- 3; fiagellum 24-artieulate; fiagellum 1.5x pedunele artieles 1-3 eombined; aeeessory fiagellum is
1-artieulate with two apieal setae. Antenna 2 length subequal to antenna 1; antenna 2 pedunele artieles
3- 5 margins with groups of setae deereasing in size distally; pedunele artieles 2-3 broader than pedunele
artieles 4-5; pedunele artieles 5 is 1.5x pedunele artiele 4; fiagellum subequal to pedunele artiele 5;
fiagellum 18-artieulate. Gills oval and smooth. Uropod 3, pedunele Ve of longer ramus; shorter ramus
0.9x longer, rami with long setae along the margins; posteriodistal angle of epimeral plates 1-3 aeute,
forming a sinus; sinus largest in epimeral plates 2 and 3; setae and spines on epimeral plates 1, 2 and 3.
Variation
The rostrum is about 30 % of the length of antenna 1 pedunele artiele 1 in 2 mm long speeimens while
it is about 50 % in 7 mm long speeimens. The dorsal teeth of eoxal plate 1 are about 50 % of the body
height of peraeon segment 1 in 6-7 mm long speeimens, but only 20 % in 2 mm long speeimens. Earge
speeimens have one small dorsal wart armed with two setae prior to the large posterior tooth of peraeon
segment 7. Males have large teeth that are pointing baekwards, while females have more slender and
upright teeth on pleon. Female antenna 1 and 2 pedunele margins have seattered long setae, while males
have dense rows of small setae. Antenna 2 is longer than antenna 1 in males, while they are subequal
in females and antenna 2 pedunele artiele 5 is 2x the penultimate pedunele artiele in males, while it is
1.5x in females. Posterodistal angle of epimeral plate 3 is situated more in eentre in females than males,
whieh results in a larger sinus in females. The setae on the rami of uropod 3 seem to be denser in males
than in females. Sexual dimorphism has also been observed in dorsal armature, posterodistal shape
of epimeral plates and setal armature of antennal peduneles of L. helgi, L. grimi and L. skarphedini
(Thurston 1980a).
Remarks
L. norvegica sp. nov. from Northern Norway is eharaeterized by a dense eover of long setae and spines.
Spines with the longer setae are usually situated dorsally while spines on dise-shaped pegs are mainly
situated laterally on the body, on the eoxae and on the basis of the posterior legs. However, a lot of
15
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
the spines were probably broken, leaving only the dise to whieh they were attaehed. Setae attaehed to
eylinder-shaped pegs were observed on the head. The postantennal eomer of L. norvegica sp. nov. is
rounded while L. arctica has an aeute postantennal eomer aeeording to Sehellenberg (Table 1). Mandible
palp artiele 1 and 3 of L. norvegica sp. nov. are subequal, while artiele 3 is larger in L. schellenbergi
and L. arctica. The molar is elliptie with small marginal ribs in L. norvegica sp. nov. and has a eertain
similarity to the molar of Lepechinelloides kari Thurston, 1980 and Lepechinella turpis J.L. Barnard,
1967. The width of maxilla 2 inner plate is about 16 of the outer in L. norvegica sp. nov., while it is about
Vi mL. schellenbergi andL. arctica and% inL. victoriae sp. nov. L. norvegica sp. nov. has a symmetrieal
Fig. 8. Lepechinella norvegica sp. nov., holotype, f. A. Left Ul. B. Left U2. C. U3. D. Telson. E. Upper
lip. F. Lower lip. G-H. Left and right Mxl. I. Right Mx2. J-K. Left and right Mxp. L. Left mandible.
16
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
bilobate eoxal plate 4. Coxal plates 3 and 4 are 2x wider than basis of respeetive legs and thus the legs
seems stouter than in the ease of L. schellenbergi and L. arctica. Peraeopod 3 merus of L. norvegica
sp. nov. is 1.6x earpus and merus subequal to basis. The merus/earpus ratio is higher in L. arctica and
lower in L. schellenbergi. The inner edges of gnathopod 1-2 daetyls have notehes resembling daetyls of
many Liljeborgia speeies. The position and number of setae on the telson are different in L. norvegica
sp. nov. andL. schellenbergi. The telson is more deeply eleft inL. norvegica sp. nov.(about 80 %) than
Fig. 9. Lepechinella norvegica sp. nov., allotype, $. A. AT B. Aeeessory flagellum of AT
C. Female A2. D-E. Right and left mandible. F. Right Epl. G. Eeft Ep2. H. Eeft Ep3.1. Spine on Ep 1.
J. Telson and left U3. K. Gift of P3.
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
L. schellenbergi (about 50 %). Telson of L. grimi and L. skarphedini is about 60-65 % cleft, while it is
about 40 % in L. helgi and L.victoriae sp. nov.
Lepechinella schellenbergi Stephensen, 1944
Figs 10-12
Lepechinella schellenbergi Stephensen, 1944: 18-20, fig 11.
Lepechinella arctica - Barnard 1973: 10. — Barnard & Karaman 1991: 268-270.
Material examined
About 13 speeimens of Lepechinella were eolleeted off the west eoast of Greenland during the Ingolf
Expedition (Stephensen 1944). The speeimens were sampled from station 32 at 599 meters depth, 11
Jul. 1895 and station 35 at 682 meters depth 18 Jul. 1895. The position of station 32 was at 66°35’N,
56°38’W and station 35 was at 65®16’N, 55®05’W. The in situ temperatures at the eolleetion sites were
3.6-3.9« C.
The type material of Lepechinella from Greenland is deposited in the eolleetions of Zoologieal Museum
in Copenhagen, Denmark. The examined material was prepared on mieroseope slides from station 35,
from one entire female in addition to the front part of one male and female that probably had been eut
during sampling.
Lectotype
$, Ingolf St. 35, on slide (reg.no. ZMUC-CRU-4468) (Figs 10-11).
Paralectotypes
S, Ingolf St. 35, on slide (reg.no. ZMUC-CRU-4469) (Fig. 12).
$, Ingolf St. 35, on slide (reg.no. ZMUC-CRU-4470) (Fig. 12).
3 paraleetotypes, Ingolf st. 32 (reg.no. ZMUC-CRU-8019).
8-9 paraleetotypes, Ingolf st. 35 (reg.no. ZMUC-CRU-8020).
Stephensen (1938) translated Sehellenberg’s deseription of Dorbanella sp. as Lepechinella sp. He was
then probably unaware that Sehellenberg (1926) in a footnote had ehanged the name from Dorbanella
sp. to Lepechinella artica. When deseribing the speeimens from Greenland, Stephensen (1944) assumed
that this was the same speeies as Sehellenberg had reeorded from Spitzbergen and named it Lepechinella
schellenbergi nom. nov. The speeimens from Greenland were later assumed to be Lepechinella arctica
(Barnard 1973; Barnard & Karaman 1991).
Redescription
Lectotype
Female 6 mm.
Body. Covered mainly dorsally and laterally with setae and spines. The spines, whieh varied in length,
are attaehed to dise-shaped pegs and varied in size. Peraeon segment 1 with two dorsal teeth, peraeon
segments 2-7 eaeh with one large mid-dorsal tooth. Urosome segment 1 with 1 dorsal tooth.
Head. Larger than the first body segment; two anteriorly pointing lateral eye lobes; rostrum longer than
the eye lobes; eyes absent or at least indistinet in aleohol; anterior postantennal eomer with rounded
18
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
angle. Rostrum, about half the length of antenna 1 pedunele artiele 1. Antenna 1 pedunele artiele 1
broader than artiele 2 and 3; artiele 2 is 2x artiele 1 and distally tapering; pedunele artiele 2 is 5x the
length of artiele 3; flagellum 20-artieulate; flagellum 1.5x longer than pedunele artieles 1-3 eombined;
aeeessory flagellum 1-artieulate with two apieal setae. Antenna 2 pedunele artieles 1-3 broader than
artiele 4-5; pedunele artiele 4 is 3x pedunele artieles 1-3 eombined; pedunele artiele 4 tapering distally;
distal part of pedunele artiele 5 is lost.
Mouthparts. Mandible ineisor stronger than laeinia mobilis, both armed with dentieles, molar surfaee
with transverse ribs, 5-6 aeeessory spines. Maxilla 1, inner plate distally tapering with two apieal setae;
Fig. 10. Lepechinella schellenhergi Stephensen, 1944, leetotype, $. A. Right Gnl. B. Right Gn2.
C. Eeft P3. D. Gill of P5. E. Right P4. F. Eeft P5.
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
outer plate broad with 7 serrate spine teeth; palp distally expanded and obliquely truneated, with 6 blunt
spines and one apieal long spine. Maxilla 2, inner plate shorter and narrower than outer plate; outer plate
with 13 distal setae; inner plate with 5 apieal setae. Maxilliped, inner plate reaehing to Vi of outer plate,
apieally 3 blunt spines and a few setae; outer plate with 11 broad spine teeth of varying length; palp
4-artieulate; outer plate reaehes to end of palp artiele 3.
Fig. 11. Lepechinella schellenbergi Stephensen, 1944, leetotype, $. A. Left Ul. B. Right U2. C. Right
U3 and telson. D. Right Epl. E. Right Ep2. F. Right Ep3. G. Female Al. H. Aeeessory flagellum.
I. Female A2. J. Eeft Mxp. K. Eeft Mx2. L. Eeft Mxl. M-N. Eeft and right mandible.
20
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Peraeon. Proximal part of gills obliquely pleated. Gnathopod 1, subehelate; eoxal plate 1 asymmetrieally
bifid; propodus distally tapering and slightly shorter than earpus; 5 groups of long setae on posterior part
of earpus; daetyl eurved; daetyl Vi the length of propodus; 3-A groups of setae on anterior and posterior
margins of propodus; palm of propodus serrulate. Gnathopod 2 longer and more slender than gnathopod
1; eoxal plate 2 tapering to an aeute tip; gnathopod 2, basis 1.2x longer than earpus; 6-8 groups of
setae along the margins of earpus; earpus longer than propodus; palm of propodus serrulate; daetyl
eurved. Peraeopod 3 longer than gnathopod 1 and 2; eoxal plate 3 asymmetrieally bifid and anterior
part aeute; merus longer than earpus; merus subequal to basis; earpus subequal to propodus and daetyl;
Fig. 12. Lepechinella schellenhergi Stephensen, 1944. — A-C. Eeetotype, $. A. Eeft P7, 1 spine on
basis is enlarged. B. Eeft P6. C. Tooth of peraeon segment 6. — D-J. Paraleetotype 1, (?. D. Eeft and
right male A2. E-F. Male A1 with aeeessory fiagellum. G-H. Right and left mandible. I. Eower lip.
J. Upper lip. — K-L. Paraleetotype 2, mandible and mandible palp.
21
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
dactyl lanceolate. Coxal plate 4 asymmetrieally bifid; proximal posterior part of eoxal plate 4 produeed;
peraeopod 4, mems 1.7x longer than earpus; daetyl subequal to propodus; merus 1.3x longer than basis.
Coxal plate 5 anterior part aeute; peraeopod 5, earpus 1.4x merus; earpus shorter than basis; earpus
longer than propodus; daetyl laneeolate and subequal to propodus. Coxal plate 6 twiee as broad as high;
peraeopod 6, earpus 1.3x longer than merus and propodus; basis 1.2x longer than earpus; daetyl shorter
than propodus; daetyl laneeolate. Coxal plate 7 is 2.8x as broad as long; posterodistal part of eoxal plate
7 rounded; peraeopod 7, basis 1.2x longer than earpus; earpus 1.7x longer than merus; propodus longer
than daetyl, daetyl laneeolate.
Pleon. Segments 1-3 eaeh with one large and one small mid-dorsal proeess. Posterior angle of epimeral
plates 1-3 aeute forming a sinus; sinus largest in epimeral plate 3; setae along margin of epimeral plate
1; spines distributed in 2-3 arrays on epimeral plates 1-3. Urosome segment 1 with one tooth; length
of urosome segment 1 subequal to 2 and 3 eombined; urosome segments 2-3 fused. Uropod 1 pedunele
with 2 distal large spines and several smaller marginal ones; pedunele longer than rami; outer ramus 1. lx
inner ramus. Uropod 2 pedunele subequal to outer ramus; outer ramus 0.7x inner. Uropod 3 pedunele U
of rami; shorter ramus 0.9x longer. Telson eleft to 50 % of total length and widely gaping; apieal setae
longer than telson; 2 setae along eaeh lateral margin of telson.
Paralectotype 1
Female, head + peraeon segments 1^ = 2 mm.
Mandible, ineisor longer than laeinia mobilis both with dentieles; molar with transverse ribs; 5-6
aeeessory spines; mandible palp artiele 1 isl.2x artiele 3; mandible palp artiele 2 is 4x artiele 3.
Paralectotype 2
Male, head + peraeon segments 1-5 = 2 mm.
Mandible, ineisor and laeinia mobilis with dentieles; molar with transverse ribs; 3-A aeeessory spines;
upper lip rounded lobes, tapering medially; lower lip bilobate, inner lobes reaehing U of outer lobes.
Antenna 1, margins of pedunele artieles 1-2 with dense row of short setae and a few long setae; pedunele
artiele 1 broader than artiele 2 and 3; pedunele artiele 2 is 2x artiele 1; pedunele artiele 2 tapering
medially; pedunele artiele 3 is U of artiele 2; fiagellum 23-artieulate; fiagellum longer than pedunele
artieles 1-3 eombined; aeeessory fiagellum 1-artieulate with one apieal setae. Antenna 2, pedunele
artiele 4 margins with dense row of small setae, pedunele artieles 1-3 broader than artiele 4-5; artiele 4
tapering distally; pedunele artiele 5 is 2.2x artiele 4; pedunele artiele 5 shorter than fiagellum; fiagellum
31-artieulate.
Variation
Rostrum varies in length, from 40-60 % of antenna 1 pedunele artiele 1 in 5-6 mm long speeimens, to
about 35 % in 4 mm long speeimen. The dorsal teeth on peraeon segment 1 are 35^5 % of the body
height in 5-6 mm long speeimens. Large speeimens have one small dorsal wart with two setae, prior
to the large posterior tooth of peraeon segment 7. The teeth on the pleon are stronger in males than in
females. The margin of female antennal pedunele has seattered long setae, while that of males has a dense
row of small setae. The female epimeral plate 3 sinus is smaller in L. schellenbergi than in L. arctica and
L. norvegica sp. nov. Sinee the shape of epimeral sinus in Lepechinella seems to vary both between
gender and speeies, this eharaeter is probably not applieable to distinguish between speeies.
Remarks
The dorsal armature of L. schellenbergi is not as heavy as in L. norvegica sp. nov. Stephensen did not
disseet the mouthparts of L. schellenbergi from Greenland. The mieroseope slides of the speeimens from
22
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
the same Greenland stations show that the length of mandible palp and shape of mandible molar are
different from L. norvegica sp. nov. The molar of L. schellenbergi resembles the deseriptions of L. helgi,
L. skarphedini and L. grimi. The eoxae shape and relative size of peraeopod 3 and 4 also separate
L. arctica, L. schellenbergi and L. norvegica sp. nov. L. schellenbergi has a triangularly produeed
posterior proximal part of eoxal plates 3 and 4, and width of eoxae is 3x the width of basis (Table
1). Aeeording to Stephensen (1944) the anterior postantennal eomer is aeute, but on the examined
speeimens the angle seems rounded. The drawing of antenna 1 and 2 made by Stephensen (op. eit.)
is probably from a male beeause of the dense short setae groups along the antennal pedunele margins,
while the drawing of gnathopod 2 is from a female beeause it ineludes an oostegite. The tip of uropod 2
is broken in Stephensen’s figure. However, the mieroseope slides show that the length of outer ramus of
uropod 2 is 0.7x inner, in L. schellenbergi as in L. victoriae sp. nov. and L. manco, while it is 0.8x in L.
norvegica sp. nov. and subequal in L. helgi.
Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov.
um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:AD61D708-1965-42Fl-9352-FC42969F9EC7
Figs 13-16
Diagnosis
Eyes absent. Body sparsely eovered with spines and setae. Fateral proeesses of head aeute, as long
as rostrum. Inner lobes of lower lip well developed. Mandible palp artiele 1 half the length of artiele
3. Maxilliped palp 4-artieulate. Posterior legs long and very slender. Anterodistal part of eoxae 3-5
strongly produeed. Posterodistal eomer of eoxa 7 aeute. Gills proximally pleated. Posterior part of pleon
segments 1^ eaeh with one dorsal tooth.
Etymology
The speeies is named after POJ’s first grandehild.
Material examined
Two speeimens of Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov. were eolleeted at station 83.06.5.1, in the North
East Atlantie, south of leeland. The in situ temperature was measured to 2.7® C. The type material of
Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov. is deposited in the eolleetions of Zoologieal Museum in Bergen.
Holotype
Adult female, registration no. ZMBN 99134, 5.5 mm, station 83.06.5.1, 61®38.2’N, 16®27.7’W, 2355
meter depth, 5 Jun. 1983.
Paratype
Female, registration no. ZMBN 99135, 4.5 mm, date and position as for holotype.
Description
Holotype
Female, 5.5 mm.
Body. Sparsely eovered with short setae, mainly situated mid-dorsally. Peraeon segment 1 with 2
teeth, peraeon segments 2-7 eaeh with one mid-dorsal tooth. Coxal plates short, deereasing in length
posteriorly.
Head. Subequal to peraeon segments 1-2; rostmm aeute, horizontal, length 0.5x antenna 1 pedunele artiele
1; lateral proeesses aeute, as long as rostmm; eyes absent or at least indistinet in aleohol. Antenna 1,
pedunele artiele 1 thieker than artieles 2 and 3 and 0.5x length of pedunele artiele 2; pedunele artiele 3
23
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
is 0.4x article 1; scattered long setae on peduncle article 2 and distally on peduncle articles 1 and 3;
flagellum twice as long as peduncle articles 1-3 combined; flagellum 30-articulate. Accessory flagellum
short, consisting of one article with two long apical setae. Antenna 2 is slightly longer than antenna 1.
Antenna 2, peduncle articles 1-3 combined A of article 4; peduncle article 4 is 0.6x article 5; flagellum
longer than peduncle article 5; flagellum 20-articulate.
Mouthparts. Upper lip oval; lower lip inner lobes large, extending to 3/4 of outer lobes; mandible incisor
and lacinia mobilis of subequal length, gaping at 45® angle; 6-7 accessory spines; molar round, with
ragged margins; mandible palp article 1 is 0.5x article 3; mandible article 2 is 3x article 3; mandible
Fig. 13. Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov., holotype, A. Habitus. B. Head. C. Spine on head. D. Left
Gnl. E. Plumose setae. F. Left Gn2.
24
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
artiele 2 and 3 with 10 and 6 setae, respeetively. Maxilla 1, inner plate stout, 0.5x outer plate, with
2 apieal plumose setae; outer plate with 8-10 strong spine teeth; palp 2-artieulate, artiele 2 distally
expanded, with 7 short and 1 long distal spines. Maxilla 2, inner plate broad and slightly shorter than
outer plate, with short marginal and long apieal setae; outer plate with 16 long apieal setae. Maxilliped,
inner plate half the length and width of outer plate; outer plate with 11-12 long spine teeth on inner
margin and apieally, inereasing in length distally; palp 4-artieulate; outer plate reaehes artiele 3 of palp;
artiele 2 slender and by far the longest, with long setae on inner margin; long setae on artiele 1-3.
Fig. 14. Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov., holotype, $. A. Right Epl. B. Right Ep3. C. Right Ep2. D. Right
and left Mxl. E. Eeft and right Mxp. F. Right mandible. G. Eeft Mx2. H. Upper lip. I. Eower lip. J. Gill
ofP4.
25
European Journal of Taxonomy 127: 1-35 (2015)
Peraeon. All legs long and very slender. Peraeopods 5-7 longer than peraeopods 3^; peraeopods 3-7
mueh longer than gnathopods. Gnathopod 1, subehelate and eoxal plate 1 biaeuminate, the anterior tip
1.5x posterior; propodus shorter than earpus; basis longer than mems and earpus eombined; propodus
tapering distally; daetyl eurved and 0.5x propodus; 3-5 groups of setae on anterior and posterior part of
propodus; palm serrulate. Gnathopod 2 subehelate and longer than gnathopod 1; eoxal plate 2 tapering to
an aeute tip; eoxal plate 2 with long marginal setae; earpus 1.6x propodus; basis 1.3x earpus; basis with
long setae on posterior margin; earpus and propodus with long setae on both margins; daetylus slender
and eurved; daetylus shorter than 0.5x propodus; palm serrulate. Coxal plate 3 asymmetrie, with long
aeute anterior proeess; peraeopod 3, earpus and propodus of about equal length, shorter than mems and
Fig. 15. Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov., holotype, $. A. Left P6. B. Tooth of peraeon segment 7.
C. Female Al. D. Aeeessory flagellum. E. Female A2. F. LeftP3.
26
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
basis; daetyl laneeolate, as long as propodus; mems and earpus with long marginal setae. Coxal plate
4 asymmetrieally bifid; with long aeute anterior proeess and short blunt posterior proeess; peraeopod
4, similar to peraeopod 3, but propodus shorter than earpus. Coxal plate 5 reetangular, but with long
aeute slender anterior proeess; peraeopod 5, basis and earpus about of equal length, mems mueh shorter;
daetyl laneeolate, slightly shorter than propodus; all artieles setose. Coxal plate 6 mueh wider than high,
posterodistal eomer subaeute, with short setae; peraeopod 6, earpus longer than propodus; mems shorter
than either; daetyl laneeolate, slightly shorter than propodus. Coxal plate 7 wider than high, posterodistal
eomer aeute, with short setae; peraeopod 7, basis and earpus of about equal length; propodus shorter,
mems mueh shorter; daetylus laneeolate, slightly shorter than propodus.
Fig. 16. Lepechinella victoriae sp. nov., holotype, 2 . A. Eeft P5. B. Eeft P4. C. Right P7. D. Right Ul.
E. Right U2. F. U3. G. Telson.
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127 : 1-35 ( 2015 )
Pleon. Subequal in length to peraeon. Pleon segments 1-3 eaeh with one large dorsal tooth at posterior
margin; epimeral plates 1-3 similar, with well-developed posterodistal tooth. Urosome shorter than
pleon. Urosome segment 1 with large, eurved tooth on mid-dorsal margin; urosome segments 2 and 3
fused. Uropods long and slender. Uropod 1, pedunele about as long as outer ramus; inner ramus 0.8x
outer ramus; pedunele with long marginal setae on outer margin, and two distal spines; rami with short
spines. Uropod 2, pedunele shorter than inner ramus, but longer than outer ramus, whieh is 0.7x inner.
Uropod 3, pedunele short and wide, about Ve of rami; shorter ramus 0.9x longer, both with long marginal
setae. Telson eleft 40 % of total length, with the halves gaping, with aeute tips, eaeh with one marginal
and one long apieal setae, the latter subequal to the length of the telson.
Remarks
L. victoriae sp. nov. laeks the distinet additional dorsal humps / teeth found in L. schellenbergi,
L. norvegica sp. nov. andL. arctica. Peraeopod 4 earpus longer than propodus, while it is the reverse in
the three above mentioned speeies. The anterodistal lobe on eoxae 3-5 is strongly elongated. The gills
are proximally pleated. As in L. schellenbergi uropod 2 outer ramus is 0.7x inner, while the ratio is 0.8x
in L. norvegica sp. nov. The rostrum is subequal in length to eye lobes, innerlobes of lower lip relatively
large as in L. grimi and mandible palp artiele 1 is half the length of artiele 3.
Genus Lepesubchela gen. nov.
um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:3C6FC751-42FF-41Fl-B7A4-D7Q98D32FB35
Etymology
The name is a eombination of the genus name Lepechinella and the word subchela as the two last
subehelate peraeopods are the main eharaeteristie of this genus.
Type species
Lepesubchela christinae sp. nov.
Lepesubchela christinae sp. nov.
um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:BB597D14-331E-46F2-8C31-52D6BF7977EB
Figs 17-19
Diagnosis
Body with teeth on peraeon segments 2-7 and pleon segments 1^. Urosome segments 2-3 fused. Head
without rostrum and postantennal eomers, no eyes. Mandible palp present, 3-artieulate. Gnathopods
1-2 subehelate; peraeopods 6-7 also elearly subehelate. Uropods with rami well-developed, with many
spines.
Etymology
The speeies is named after POJ’s youngest daughter.
Material examined
The holotype was eolleeted 4 Jun.1983 at station 83.06.4.1, in the North Atlantie Oeean, southwest of
the Faroes and northeast of Roekall (at position 59°40.4’N, 09®20.6’W). The speeimen was sampled at
a depth of 1414 meter where the in situ temperature was measured to 4.5° C. No further material was
found. The holotype is deposited in the eolleetions of Zoologieal Museum in Bergen, Norway under
registration no. ZMBN 99136.
28
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Description
Holotype
4 mm, immature (no external gender eharaeteristies observed).
Body. Sparsely eovered with setae that are attaehed to erown-like pegs. Peraeon segment 1 dorsally
smooth; peraeon segments 2-7 and pleon segments 1^ eaeh with one dorsal tooth. Urosome segments
2-3 fused. Coxal plates 1-5 all biaeuminate, deereasing in length posteriorly.
Fig. 17. Lepesubchela christinae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, immature. A. Habitus. B. Setae attaehed to
erown-shaped peg. C. Eeft Epl. D-E. Eeft and right Ep2. F. Eeft Ep3. G. Right Gnl. H. Eeft Gn2.
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127 : 1-35 ( 2015 )
Head. Subequal to peraeon segments 1+2, no distinet rostrum or postantennal eomers; eyes absent or
at least indistinet in aleohol, an invagination at the basis of antenna 2. Antenna 1, pedunele artiele 1
broader than artiele 2 and 3; pedunele artiele 2 is 2x as long as artiele 1; pedunele artiele 3 is 0.5x art
1; aeeessory flagellum is 1-artieulate with three apieal setae; flagellum slightly longer than pedunele
artieles 1-3 eombined; flagellum 12-artieulate. Antenna 2 is 1.5x antenna 1. Antenna 2, pedunele artieles
4 and 5 long, subequal; flagellum shorter than artiele 5; flagellum 6-artieulate.
Fig. 18. Lepesubchela christinae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, immature. A-B. A1 with aeeessory flagellum.
C. A2. D. Right P3 with gill. E. Left Mxp. F. Left Mxl. G. Left Mx2. H. Lower lip. I. Upper lip.
J. Right mandible.
30
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
Mouthparts. Upper lip eireular; lower lip inner lobe % of outer; mandible with laeinia mobilis as long as
ineisor, both armed with dentieles; 7-8 aeeessory setae; molar elevated, trapezoid with rounded angles.
Palp 3-artieulate; artiele 2 the longest, 1.5x artiele 3 and 4.5x artiele 1; artiele 3 tapering, with 3 apieal
setae. Maxilla 1, inner plate narrow with 2 long apieal setae; outer plate with 8 serrate spine teeth; palp
2-artieulate; artiele 2 slightly obliquely truneate, with 4 blunt and 1 apieal long spine. Maxilla 2, inner
plate shorter and narrower than outer plate; inner plate with 1 strong plumose and a few simple setae;
outer plate with 12 medial and apieal setae. Maxilliped, inner plate apieally with 3 blunt spines and a few
Fig. 19. Lepesubchela christinae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, immature. A. Eeft P4. B. Tooth of peraeon
segment 5. C. Eeft P5. D. Eeft P6. E. Right P7. F. Eeft Ul. G. Right U2. H. U3.1. Telson.
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European Journal of Taxonomy 127 : 1-35 ( 2015 )
setae, inner plate 0.6x outer plate; outer plate with 5 slender apieal spine teeth of varying length; palp
4-artieulate, artiele 2 as long as artieles 3+4 eombined.
Peraeon. Gills smooth, long and narrow. Gnathopod 1, subehelate and quite stout (for a lepeehinellid);
eoxal plate 1 asymmetrieally bifid with anterior proeess twiee as long as posterior, both with a serrate
edge; basis tapering proximally, slightly longer than merus and earpus eombined; propodus oval, with
four groups of medial setae; palm slightly longer than posterior margin, with marginal spines and a
eluster of spines delimiting the palmar eomer. Gnathopod 2 longer and more slender than gnathopod
1; gnathopod 2 subehelate; eoxal plate 2 asymmetrieally bifid with aeute lobes; merus short; earpus
slightly longer than propodus; propodus oblong; palm straight, oblique, slightly longer than posterior
border, with many and strong marginal spines. Coxal plate 3 higher than broad, asymmetrieally bifid,
with anterior lobe longest; merus longer than earpus and propodus; daetyl laneeolate and as long as
earpus and propodus eombined. Coxal plate 4 higher than broad, asymmetrieally bifid; merus longer than
earpus and propodus; merus subequal to laneeolate daetyl. Coxal plate 5 broader than high, biaeuminate;
earpus subequal to basis and longer than merus; daetylus laneeolate, as long as propodus. Peraeopod 6
elearly subehelate; eoxal plate 6 reetangular with posterodistal eomer aeute; mems shorter than earpus;
basis subequal to earpus; propodus and daetylus stout and subequal in length, both with strong blunt
marginal spines. Peraeopod 7 elearly subehelate; eoxal plate 7 lemon-shaped with posterodistal eomer
aeute; basis subequal to earpus; mems shorter than earpus; propodus and daetylus stout and subequal in
length, with strong blunt marginal spines.
Pleon. Epimeral plates 1-3 eaeh with a strong aeute posterodistal tooth. Uropod 1 pedunele armed
with two distal and several lateral spines; pedunele subequal in length to outer ramus; inner ramus 0.8x
outer ramus; both pedunele and rami heavily spinose. Urosome segments 2-3 fused. Uropod 2 pedunele
subequal to outer ramus; outer ramus 0.8x inner; inner ramus with strong marginal spines. Uropod 3
pedunele short and wide, Vi to U of rami; rami with marginal spines and apieal setae. Telson eleft to
about half of total length, halves widely gaping, with long apieal setae.
Remarks
Lepesubchela christinae gen. et sp. nov. is eharaeterized by setae attaehed to erown-shaped pegs on
the body; Rostmm and dorsal teeth on peraeon segment 1 is absent. The speeies has an invagination
at the basis of antenna 2 and is laeking postantennal eomers as in Lepechinelloides karii Thurston,
1980. Coxal plates 1-5 biaeuminate. Antenna 2 pedunele artiele 5 longer than fiagellum. Posterodistal
angle of epimeral plates 1-3 without sinus and strongly aeute. Gnathopods 1 and 2, peraeopods 6 and 7
subehelate and armed with strong teeth. The mandible molar is speeial and looks like a trapezoid with
spine-like margins. Lower lip of L. christinae gen. et sp. nov. resembles the lower lip of L. skarphedini
and upper lip, maxilliped, maxilla 1 and 2 are similar to several Lepechinella speeies.
The family Lepeehinellidae eonsists of a single speeiose genus, Lepechinella, and a number of small
genera, that in most eases vary in only one or two apomorphies. The new genus Lepesubchela similarly
is primarily distinguished by a single strong autapomorphy, the prehensile posterior peraeopods,
although also the morphology of the head is deviant. Whether these different autapomorphies really
delimit independent evolutionary lines, ean only be deeided on the base of a eladistie analysis preferably
ineluding moleeular data.
Discussion
Sinee most of the Lepeehinellidae speeies are known from single loealities and few speeimens only, the
nature and degree of allometry and intraspeeifie variation is poorly understood (Thurston 1980a). Most
speeies seem sufheiently distinet to be fairly readily separable. This is not true, however, for the six
speeies in the L. chrysotheras group. All of these are very similar in body morphology and differ only
32
JOHANSEN P.-O. & VADER W., Lepechinella and Lepesubchela gen. nov. from the North Atlantie
in small and rather subtle eharaeters. More material will be required to understand the true nature of
the eomponents of this group (op. eit.). As a eonsequenee of the dearth of qualitative eharaeters, many
of the speeifie differenees now attributed to speeies of Lepechinella are for a large part quantitative
(J.E. Barnard 1973). This author eoneluded that beeause of the early stage of exploration of the genus,
referral to morphs as distinet speeies may be justified, until more is learned about morphologieal
variations and geography of speeiation in Lepechinella. A ehange in speeies eomposition on eaeh side
of the Greenland-Ieeland-Faroe Ridge has been observed for hyperbenthie amphipods in the families
Eusiridae and Calliopiidae (Weisshappel 2000, 2001). The thermohaline eharaeteristies of the deep sea
water masses on both sides are very different and the ridge aets as a barrier for deep sea speeies. Most of
the Lepechinella speeies probably have a benthie lifestyle and are thus less mobile than pelagie speeies
and endemie speeies with restrieted distributional range may be expeeted.
Most of the previously deseribed Lepechinella speeies from different parts of the world have a rounded
or monoaeuminate ventral part of the eoxal plate 1: L. aberrantis J.E. Barnard, 1962; L. bieri J.E.
Barnard, 1957; L. cachi J.E. Barnard, 1973; L. campensis Sittrop & Serejo, 2009; L. cetrata K.H.
Barnard, 1932; L. cum J.E. Barnard, 1973; L. curvispinosa Pirlot, 1933; L. drygalski Sehellenberg,
1926; L. huaco J.E. Barnard, 1973; L. laurensi Sittrop & Serejo, 2009; L. madagascariensis Eedoyer,
1982; L. monocuspidata J.E. Barnard, 1961; L. occlo J.E. Barnard, 1973; L. pangola J.E. Barnard,
1962; L. raua J.E. Barnard, 1973; L. sagamiensis Gamo, 1981; Z. sucia J.E. Barnard, 1961; L. uchu J.E.
Barnard, 1973; Z. Birstein & Vinogradova, 1960; Z. v/Yrea Kamenskaya, 1977; Z. wolffi
Dahl, 1959.
Barnard (1973) provided a phyletie key to the speeies of Lepechinella. The group that is eharaeterized
by strongly dentate peraeon segments, a bidentate peraeon segment 1 and a bifid eoxa 1 eomprises
Z. chrysotheras, L. arctica, L. turpis, L. eupraxiella andZ. manco. L. helgii (op.eit.). Z. victoriae sp. nov.,
Z. norvegica sp. nov. andZ. schellenbergi also fits in the same lepeehinellid group. These are all Atlantie
and Aretie speeies with the exeeption of Z. turpis whieh is deseribed from Baja California. Z. auca
J.E. Barnard, 1973, and Z. hirsuta from the eoasts of Chile and Brasil, respeetively, also have a bifid
eoxal plate 1, but laek teeth on peraeon segment 1. Three other North Atlantie speeies are not ineluded
in this phyletie group: Z. skarphedini has one dorsal tooth on peraeon segment 1, Z. echinata has a slim
monoaeuminate angle on eoxa 1 and Z. grimi has a slipper-shaped eoxal plate 1.
The shape of the eoxae and the number and presenee of dorsal teeth, among others, are used in the key
of Lepechinella from the Atlantie and the Aretie we provide here. Z. victoriae sp. nov. laeks aeeessory
dorsal teeth. Z. chrysotheras, L. turpis, L. manco and L. helgii have several aeeessory teeth in front of
the main posterior dorsal tooth on pleon segments 1-3, while Z. arctica, L. schellenbergi, L. norvegica
sp. nov. andZ. eupraxiella have one aeeessory tooth. Z. eupraxiella has also a short rostrum, hook-like
proeesses at posterodistal angles of epimeral plates, bifid shape of eoxal plate 1 and an anterior direeted
hook on eoxal plate 6.
Acknowledgements
We thank Krzysztof Jazdzewski (University of Lodz, Poland) for valuable help in translation from a
Russian publieation, Charles Oliver Coleman (Museum fiir Naturkunde, Berlin) for obtaining material
from the Romer & Sehaudinn Expedition, Miehael Thurston (University of Southampton, UK) for help
during the work, Jorgen Oleson (Zoologieal Museum in Copenhagen) for obtaining material from the
Ingolf Expediton and Egor Vinogradov for sending a Russian paper and providing information on it.
33
European Journal of Taxonomy 127 : 1-35 ( 2015 )
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Manuscript received: 1 December 2014
Manuscript accepted: 25 March 2015
Published on: 29 June 2015
Topic editor: Rudy Jocque
Desk editor: Kristiaan Hoedemakers
Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of
the EJT eonsortium: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Franee; Botanie Garden Meise,
Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Afriea, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, Eondon,
United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Seienees, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History
Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
35