http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2015.151

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2015 • Barbosa D.N. & Azevedo C.O.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Research article

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A9D7CE41-539F-42DC-80B4-B6C0444BD068

Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Mesitiinae)

Diego N. BARBOSA 1 -* & Celso O. AZEVEDO 2

12 Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Departamento de Biologia, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514,

Goiabeiras, 29.075-910, Vitoria ES, Brazil.

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

2 E-mail: bethvlidae@gmai1 com

1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:95D76114-BF6C-4715-88 IB-10F7B2ACD2D0

2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:CD98B489-7611-4A33-AF53-3016B9DA1617

Abstract. Two new junior synonyms, Pseudomesitius Duchaussoy, 1916 syn. nov. and Triglenus

Marshall, 1905 syn. nov., for the genus Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905 are proposed and a new diagnosis

for the genus is given. Two new species (based on males) from the Saharo-Arabian region are here

described: Bradepyris jordanicus , sp. nov. and B. baleariensis , sp. nov. A brief revision, with a key to the

males and females of all species of this genus, and the first male genitalia descriptions are also provided.

Key words. Synonym, new species, genitalia description, key, new records.

Barbosa D.N. & Azevedo C.O. 2015. Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae, Mesitiinae).

European Journal of Taxonomy 151: 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2015.151

Introduction

The Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, in Budapest, Hungary, has the most important collection

of Bethylidae, particularly of the subfamily Mesitiinae, in the world. Major efforts to accumulate this

collection were made by Faszlo Moczar, who worked at this institution for decades. While visiting this

museum, two male specimens of Mesitiinae from the Mediterranean region, one from Jordan and the

other from the Baleares Islands (Spain), drew our attention.

These two specimens have an unusual combination of characters that suggested a relationship with

Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905, Pseudomesitius Duchaussoy, 1916 or Triglenus Marshal, 1905, depending on

the character cluster we analyzed. In other words, these three genera have common characters, and we

were not able to classify these specimens.

Given this scenario, we decided to work on the taxonomic boundaries of these three genera in order to

establish the generic assignment of the two male specimens cited above. To this purpose we analyzed all

described species of these three genera in order to generate a synopsis. As a result, we provide two new

junior synonyms, a key to the males and females of species of Bradepyris , and the first male genitalia

descriptions.

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European Journal of Taxonomy 151 : 1-16 ( 2015 )

Material and methods

The material examined was provided by:

BMNH = The Natural History Museum, Tondon, England (David Notton)

CNCI = Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada (John Huber)

HNHM = Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Budapest, Hungary (Zoltan Vas)

MNHN = Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (Claire Villemant)

The diagnoses of species whose types or voucher specimens were lost are based on information from

the literature.

The terminology of body structures generally follows Barbosa & Azevedo (2009, 2011), DuPorte

(1965), Evans (1964), Gibson (1986), Miko et al. (2007), Moczar (1970), Richards (1977) and Ronquist

& Nordlander (1989).

The descriptions and key were generated with DELTA (Descriptive Language for Taxonomy), according

to Dallwitz et al. (1993).

Figs 1-3 were made using a Leica MZ80 Stereo Microscope. Images were obtained with a Leica

MD2500 Microscope magnifying glass attached to a Leica DFC 495 video camera using Leica LAS

(Leica Application Suite V3.6.0) Microsystems by Leica (Switzerland) Ltd, and combined using Helicon

Focus (version 4.2.9) and the rendering method based on Method C (Pyramid). All illustrations and

plates were enhanced by using adjustments (e.g., levels, shadows/highlights), tools (e.g., healing brush,

clone stamp) and filters (e.g., unsharp mask).

The genera of Mesitiinae were identified using the key provided by Argaman (2003).

Abbreviation

LFW = length of forewing

VOL = vertex-ocular line in dorsal view

Results

Taxonomic descriptions

Class Hexapoda Blainville, 1816

Order Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758

Suborder Apocrita Latreille, 1810

Superfamily Chrysidoidea Linnaeus, 1761

Family Bethylidae Latreille, 1802

Subfamily Mesitiinae Kieffer, 1914

Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

Fig. 1A-F

Bradepyris Kieffer, 1904-1906: 29, 101.

Pseudomesitius Duchaussoy, 1916: 113-114. Type species: Pseudomesitius validithorax Duchaussoy,

1916 by original designation. Syn. nov.

Triglenus Marshall, 1905: 250, 372. Type species: Triglenus numidus Marshall, 1906 (in Kieffer &

Marshall 1904-1906) by original designation. Syn. nov.

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BARBOSA D.N. & AZEVEDO C.O., Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

Fig. 1 . Diagnostic characters of Bradepyris. A. Head in dorsal profile. B. Pronotal disc. C. Propodeal

disc. D. Metasoma in dorsal profile. E. Mesotibia. F. Hypopygium.

3

Mm

European Journal of Taxonomy 151: 1-16 (2015)

Type species

Bradepyris apterus Kieffer, 1906 by original designation.

Remarks

1. In the original description, the genus was cited and characterized in the key and the type species was

designated, but neither the genus nor the type species were described.

2. Kieffer (1905) proposed the genus Bradepyris to accommodate a single species, B. apterus

Kieffer, 1905, whose type was an apterous female specimen, with propodeal disc without median

carina. Argaman (2003) redefined and redescribed the genus as having the head longer than wide,

the propodeal disc without lateral carina, a short forewing, and the mesotibia with distal spines.

The lateral carina of the propodeal disc is always present in species of Bradepyris , and the three

other characters are found in several other genera within the Mesitiinae. This means, that the cited

characters do not suffice to define this genus.

3. Marshall (1905) proposed Triglenus to accommodate T. numidus Marshall, based on a female

specimen from Algeria. Argaman (2003) redefined the genus and described it as having the propodeal

disc with lateral carina, a fully developed forewing, and the first metatarsomere with distal spines.

The two former characters are found in many other genera of the Mesitiinae, and the latter one is

found in only one species of Triglenus. This means, that the cited characters cannot be used to define

this genus either.

4. Duchaussoy (1916) proposed Pseudomesitius to accommodate P. validithorax Duchaussoy, based

on female specimen from Algeria and Morroco. Argaman (2003) redefined the genus and described

it as having the head longer than wide, the propodeal disc with lateral carina, a fully developed

forewing, and the first metatarsomere with distal spines. The three former characters are found in

Bradepyris (see above) and the latter one in Triglenus. Once again, the cited characters cannot be

used to define this genus.

Based on these descriptions, it can be concluded that the characters of the three genera are overlapping,

with a large intrageneric variability. Therefore, we conclude that they correspond to only one genus, and

we consider Pseudomesitius and Triglenus to be junior synonyms of Bradepyris , which is diagnosed

below.

Diagnosis

Head (Fig. 1A) longer than wide. Pubescent eye. Ocellar elevation present. Pronotal disc (Fig. IB)

without longitudinal sulcus. Mesopleuron with anterior fovea. Propodeum (Fig. 1C) with inner discal

carina parallel to median carina, posterior spine absent or hardly distinct. Forewing with nebulous 3C

vein. Hind wing with long Sc+R vein; long A vein. Mesotibia (Fig. IE) usually with distal spines.

Metasoma (Fig. ID) with tergite II coriaceous. Hypopygium (Fig. IF) unilobate. Genitalia with dorsal

arm of paramere longer than ventral arm.

Under this scenario, we were able to find seven species in four other genera of the Mesitiinae (including

Triglenus and Pseudomesitius) and, surprisingly, also one species in a genus of the Epyrinae which

correspond to the diagnosis above. Hence, the following species are newly referred to Bradepyris :

B. dimorphus (Kieffer, 1911) comb. nov. (from Pseudomesitius)

B. fuscipennis (Kieffer, 1906) comb. nov. (from Triglenus)

B. lexis (Moczar, 1986) comb. nov. (from Clytrovorus)

B. numidus (Marshall, 1906) comb. nov. (from Triglenus)

B. pardoi (Moczar, 1984) comb. nov. (from A nay lax)

B. proximus (Kieffer, 1906) comb. nov. (from Rhabdepyris)

B. suarezi (Moczar, 1984) comb. nov. (from Clytrovorus)

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BARBOSA D.N. & AZEVEDO C.O., Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

B. validithorax (Duchaussoy, 1916) comb. nov. (from Pseudomesitius)

Distribution

This genus is Palaearctic and confined to the Mediterranean region (Spain, Baleares Islands, Gibraltar,

Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Israel and Jordan).

Bradepyris jordanicus sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E722E37D-4460-45A6-B2C6-lA60C3CAB951

Figs 2A-D, 4A-C

Diagnosis

Head longer than wide; malar space shorter than vertex-ocular line; clypeus with median lobe quadrate,

with median clypeal carina inclined in lateral profile; antenna with sparse and long pubescence,

flagellomeres long; frons not foveolate; narrow ocellar fovea present. Mesosoma coriaceous; pronotal

disc with anterior corner rounded, side slightly concave, posterior margin straight; mesoscutum shorter

than mesoscutellum. Propodeal disc with longitudinal ridge between median and inner discal carinae.

Mesopleuron coriaceous; posterior foveolate, complete oblique sulcus present. Forewing with nebulous

3Cu and 2A vein absent. Metasoma with hypopygium wider than long, with anterior corner angulate.

Genitalia with dorsal arm of paramere longer than ventral arm, “S'-shaped, and with basal margin

narrow; ventral arm slender, with apex densely hairy, and inner margin straight; cuspis with arms

slightly indistinct; aedeagus slender and not reaching paramere apex level, with apical margin rounded,

apodema divergent, base curved laterad.

Etymology

The specific epithet jordanicus refers to the provenance of the material.

Material examined

Holotype

JORDAN: Wadi Sir, 600 m, 20 Apr. [19]56, J. Klapperich col. (HNHM).

Description

Body (Fig. 2A). 3.15 mm long. FFW 1.84 mm.

Colours. Head dark and mesosoma dark castaneous, nearly black, except pronotum dark castaneous;

antenna, mandible and palpi light castaneous; tegula and legs dark castaneous, except tarsi light

castaneous; wings sub-hyaline with wing venation dark castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.

Head (Fig. 2B). Head longer than wide, narrow in lateral profile. Malar space shorter than vertex-ocular

line, one parallel to the other in dorsal profile. Mandible wide apically, lower margin curved, with four

sharpened apical teeth, lower tooth longer than immediately upper teeth, and wider than others. Palpi

caliciform, and cylindrical in cross section. Clypeus with median lobe delimitated, quadrate, lateral lobe

absent; median clypeal carina inclined in lateral profile, complete, line-shaped in dorsal profile, and below

torulus. Antennal foraminal distance less than antennal foramen diameter. Antenna with conspicuous

pubescence, erect, sparse, and long; scape slightly curved, with same diameter across extension; pedicel

longer than wide, caliciform; flagellomeres long; first flagellomere as long as pedicel, as long as others.

Eye small, round, glabrous, with contour even. Frons not foveolate. Ocellar triangle not compact, placed

on posterior half of head; frontal angle of ocellar triangle right; ocellar fovea present and narrow; ocelli

very small. Vertex convex. Dorsal and ventral half of occipital carina high, with side striate.

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European Journal of Taxonomy 151: 1-16 (2015)

Fig. 2. Bradepyris jordanicus sp. nov. Holotype, $. A. Lateral habitus. B. Head in dorsal profile.

C. Mesosoma in lateral profile. D. Mesosoma in dorsal profile.

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BARBOSA D.N. & AZEVEDO C.O., Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

Mesosoma (Fig. 2C-D). Pronotum with anterior slope inclined in lateral profile; pronotal plate not

foveolate, without plate sulcus; pronotal disc as long as wide, coriaceous, trapezoidal, with anterior

margin convex, anterior corner rounded, side slightly concave, without longitudinal pronotal sulcus,

and posterior margin straight. Mesoscutum coriaceous and shorter than mesoscutellum; longitudinal

mesoscutal sulcus absent. Notaulus complete, shallow, narrow, and polished. Parapsidal signum

incomplete, shallow, and parallel. Axilla polished and shallow. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus

inconspicuous. Mesoscutellar sulcus narrow, arched, not dilated at ends, and fused with axilla.

Mesoscutellum longer than wide, coriaceous, and touching propodeal disc. Metanotum overlapping

lateral region of mesoscutellum. Propodeal disc 1.5x as long as wide medially, with central fovea fused

with propodeal triangle fovea, with three carinae, median carina complete, with longitudinal ridge

between median and inner discal carinae, sublateral and inner discal carina not fused anteriorly, inner

discal carina complete, with sublateral carina, with lateral carina, posterior carina complete; spiracle

elliptical; posterior spine absent. Declivity of propodeum coriaceous, with median carina and without

lateral carina. Lateral surface of propodeum coriaceous, without upper and posterior carina. Mesopleuron

coriaceous; acropleural sulcus continuous with mesopleural suture; posterior oblique sulcus present,

foveolate, and complete; mesopleural suture with inner margin striate. Propleuron with epicoxal sulcus

shallow and polished. Pleurosternum with epicoxal sulcus polished.

Wings. Forewing with C cell very narrow and longitudinally folded; R cell shorter than 1 Cu cell; lRs+2M

vein angulate; 2Cu+cu-a vein bi-angulate; nebulous 3Cu vein absent; nebulous 2A vein absent; stigma

developed, with distal margin convex; Rs+r-rs vein slightly curved forward, rising at distal margin of

stigma.

Legs. Protibia short, 1.5x first tarsomere length, with protibial spur long, longer than half length of

first tarsomere. Metacoxa with dorsal expansion, but without ventral one. Tarsomeres I-IV conical,

progressively shorter distad, with short spines; claw simple and arched, base with only strong tooth;

arolium simple, angulate, and slender.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.6x longer than wide; tergites I-VI and sternite I coriaceous and without lateral

pilosity; sternites III-VI polished; with sparse setae at posterior margin of tergites II-VI. Hypopygium

wider than long, with anterior margin unilobate, anterior comer angulate, lateral margin convergent

posterad, and its lateral margin straight.

Genitalia (Fig. 4A-C). Dorsal arm of paramere longer than ventral arm, “S”-shaped, and with basal

margin narrow; ventral arm slender, with apex densely hairy, and inner margin straight. Basivolsella

with cuspis bi-ramous, arms slightly indistinct, ventral arm not reaching apex of dorsal arm, slender,

with apex rounded, dorsal arm wide and with apex rounded. Aedeagus slender and not reaching paramere

apex level, with pair of apical lobes touching each other; with apical margin rounded, lateral of margin

of basal portion slightly convex; apodeme divergent, base curved laterad; genital ring ventrad.

Remarks

This species is similar to Bradepyris proximus (Kieffer, 1906) in having the malar space parallel,

the antenna with pubescence medium, the ocelli very small and the mesoscutum with notauli narrow

and deep. However, the head of B. jordanicus sp. nov. is longer than wide, the antennae have sparse

pubescence, the eyes are small, the pronotal disc is as long as wide, the mesoscutum is shorter than

the mesoscutellum, the propodeal disc lacks a longitudinal ridge between the median and inner discal

carinae and a sublateral carina is present, whereas B. proximus has the head as long as wide, the antennae

with have dense pubescence, the eyes are large, the pronotal disc is shorter than wide, the mesoscutum is

as long as the mesoscutellum, the propodeal disc has a longitudinal ridge between the median and inner

discal carinae and a sublateral carina is absent.

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European Journal of Taxonomy 151: 1-16 (2015)

Distribution

Jordan.

Bradepyris baleariensis sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8DBF1424-F4F6-4E17-989A-E91BlC2F157A

Figs 3A-D, 4D-E

Diagnosis

Head as long as wide, with malar space shorter than vertex-ocular line; clypeus with median lobe

delimitated and rounded, median clypeal carina inclined; antenna with pubescence, erect, sparse, and

short; frons not foveolate; ocellar fovea present and wide; dorsal and ventral half of occipital carina high

and with side striate. Mesosoma coriaceous, with pronotum with anterior comer angled, and posterior

margin sinuous; mesoscutum longer than mesoscutellum. Propodeal disc with longitudinal ridge between

median and inner discal carinae. Mesopleuron coriaceous; posterior oblique sulcus present, foveolate,

and complete. Forewing with nebulous 2Cu vein present; hind wing with six distal hamuli. Mesotibia

with distal spine. Metasoma with hypopygium wider than long, with anterior comer angulate. Genitalia

with dorsal arm of paramere longer than ventral arm and club-shaped; cuspis with arms hardly distinct;

aedeagus slender, with apex not reaching paramere apex, and with apical margin rounded; apodema

divergent, with base straight.

Etymology

The specific epithet baleariensis refers to the provenance of the material.

Material examined

Holotype

SPAIN: S, Baleares, Marshall col. (HNHM).

Description

Body (Fig. 3A). 4.92 mm long, LFW 3.0 mm.

Colours. Head and mesosoma dark castaneous, nearly black; antenna and mandible dark castaneous,

palpi castaneous; legs dark castaneous, except tarsi castaneous; tegula dark castaneous; wings double-

banded with venation dark castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.

Head (Fig. 3B). Head as long as wide and narrow in lateral profile. Malar space shorter than vertex-

ocular line, one parallel to the other in dorsal profile. Mandible wide apically, lower margin straight,

with four sharpened apical teeth, lower tooth longer than immediately upper teeth and wider than others.

Palpi caliciform and cylindrical in cross section. Clypeus with median lobe delimitated and rounded,

without lateral lobe; median clypeal carina inclined, complete, line-shaped in dorsal profile, and below

tomlus. Antennal foraminal distance less than antennal foramen diameter. Antenna with pubescence,

erect, sparse, and short; scape curved and with same diameter across extension; pedicel longer than wide

and rectangular; flagellomeres long, first flagellomere longer than pedicel and as long as others. Eye

small, elliptical, and glabrous. Frons not foveolate. Ocellar triangle not compact, placed on posterior

half of head; ocellar fovea present and wide; frontal angle of ocellar triangle right; ocelli small. Vertex

convex. Dorsal and ventral half of occipital carina high and with side striate.

Mesosoma (Fig. 3C-D). Pronotum with anterior slope inclined in lateral profile; pronotal plate not

foveolate, without plate sulcus; pronotal disc 0.83x as long as wide, coriaceous, trapezoidal, side straight,

with anterior margin convex, anterior corner angled, and posterior margin sinuous; longitudinal pronotal

8

BARBOSA D.N. & AZEVEDO C.O., Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

Fig. 3. Bradepyris baleariensis sp. nov. Holotype, $. A. Lateral habitus. B. Head in dorsal profile.

C. Mesosoma in lateral profile. D. Mesosoma im dorsal profile.

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European Journal of Taxonomy 151: 1-16 (2015)

sulcus absent. Mesoscutum coriaceous and longer than mesoscutellum; longitudinal mesoscutal sulcus

absent. Notaulus complete, deep, narrow, and polished. Parapsidal signum incomplete, deep, and parallel.

Axilla polished and shallow. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar sulcus inconspicuous. Mesoscutellar sulcus

narrow, arched, dilated at ends, and fused with axilla. Mesoscutellum shorter than wide and coriaceous.

Metanotum overlapping lateral region of mesoscutellum. Propodeal disc 1.34x as long as wide medially,

with central fovea fused with propodeal triangle fovea, with three carinae, median carina complete,

with longitudinal ridge between median and inner discal carinae; sublateral and inner discal carina

not fused anteriorly, inner discal carina complete; with sublateral carina, with lateral carina, posterior

carina complete; spiracle elliptical; posterior spine absent. Declivity of propodeum wealdy strigulate,

with median carina and without lateral carina. Lateral surface of propodeum striate, without upper and

posterior carinae. Mesopleuron coriaceous; with acropleural sulcus continuous with mesopleural suture;

posterior oblique sulcus present, foveolate, and complete; mesopleural suture with inner margin striate.

Propleuron with epicoxal sulcus shallow and polished.

Fig. 4. Genitalia. — A-C. Bradepyris jordanicus sp. nov. A. Ventral view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal

view. — D-E. Bradepyris baleariensis sp. nov. D. Ventral view. E. Dorsal view.

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BARBOSA D.N. & AZEVEDO C.O., Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

Wings. Forewing with C cell very narrow and longitudinally folded; R cell as long as lCu cell; lRs+2M

vein angulate; 2Cu+cu-a vein biangulate; nebulous 2Cu vein present; stigma developed and with distal

margin convex; Rs+r-rs vein slightly curved forward and rising at distal margin of stigma. Hind wing

with Sc+R vein long; with six distal hamuli evenly separated one from another.

Legs. Protibia short, 1.5x first tarsomere length, and with protibial spur short, shorter than half length of

first tarsomere. Metacoxa without dorsal and ventral expansion. Mesotibia with distal spine. Tarsomeres

I-IV progressively shorter distad, with short spines, and cylindrical in cross section; claw simple, arched,

and base with strong tooth only; arolium simple, slender, and with apex angulate.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.7x longer than wide; tergites I-VI and sternite I coriaceous and without lateral

pilosity, sternites III-VI polished; with sparse setae at posterior margin of tergites II-VI. Hypopygium

wider than long, with anterior margin unilobate, anterior corner angulate, lateral margin convergent, and

lateral margin straight.

Genitalia (Fig. 4D-E). Dorsal arm of paramere longer than ventral arm and club-shaped; ventral arm

slender, with apex glabrous, and inner margin straight. Basivolsella with cuspis biramous, with arms

hardly distinct; ventral arm not reaching apex of dorsal arm, slender, and with apex rounded; dorsal

arm wide and with apex rounded. Aedeagus slender, with apex not reaching apex of paramere, with

pair of apical lobes touching each other, and with apical margin rounded; lateral margin of basal portion

convex; apodeme divergent, with base straight; genital ring ventrad.

Remarks

This species is similar to Bradepyris proximus (Kieffer, 1906) by having the head as long as wide, the

malar space parallel, the antennae with pubescence medium, the ocelli very small, the mesoscutum

longer than the mesoscutellum, with notauli narrow and deep, and the propodeal disc with a longitudinal

ridge between the median and inner discal carinae. However, B. baleariensis sp. nov. has the antennae

with spare pubescence, the eyes glabrous, the pronotal disc with the anterior corner angled and the

posterior margin sinuous, the parapsidal signum conspicuous, the mesoscutellar sulcus with dilation

at its ends, and the propodeal disc with a sublateral carina, whereas B. proximus has the antennae with

dense pubescence, the eyes setose, the pronotal disc with the anterior corner rounded and the posterior

margin straight, the mesoscutum as long as the mesoscutellum, the parapsidal signum inconspicuous,

the mesoscutellar sulcus without dilation at its ends, and the propodeal disc without a sublateral carina.

Distribution

Spain (Baleares Islands).

Brief comments on previously described species

Bradepyris apterus Kieffer, 1906

This species is recorded from Tunisia. Its type, however, is lost so we couldn’t examine it. Only a few

characters were described in the literature: body black; body surface slightly coriaceous; pronotum 3.Ox

as long as mesonotum; propodeum without posterior spine; wings absent.

Bradepyris armatus Kieffer, 1911

This species is recorded from Morocco. We were able to examine the holotype female deposited at

BMNH, which has the following characteristics: body black; body surface slightly punctate; eye setose;

pronotum 4.Ox as long as mesonotum; mesoscutum shorter than mesoscutellum; propodeum with

propodeal disc with median carina complete, posterior spine hardly distinct; wings absent.

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European Journal of Taxonomy 151: 1-16 (2015)

Bradepyris dimorphus (Kieffer, 1911)

This species is recorded from Morocco. We were able to examine the holotype female deposited at

BMNH, which has the following characteristics: body dark castaneous; head surface slightly punctate

and mesosoma polished; eye setose; pronotum as long as mesonotum; mesoscutum as long as

mesoscutellum; propodeal disc with longitudinal ridge between median and first pair of discal carinae

and with sublateral carina; posterior spine absent; wings brachypterous.

Bradepyris fuscipennis (Kieffer, 1906)

This species is recorded from Algeria, Morocco, Spain and Israel. Its type, however, is lost so we couldn’t

examine it. Only a few characters were found in the literature: body black; body surface polished;

head with surface coriaceous, sparsely punctate; eye setose; mesosoma with mesonotum shorter than

pronotum; parapsidal signum deep; mesoscutellum as long as mesoscutum; propodeum without posterior

spine; fore wing bi-banded.

Bradepyris inermis Kieffer, 1906

This species is recorded from Morocco. We were able to examine the holotype male deposited at HNHM,

which has the following characteristics: head with surface polished; mandible with four teeth at apex;

eye protruding above level of head; ocelli with frontal angle of ocellar triangle right; malar space as

long as vertex-ocellar line and parallel; pronotum and mesonotum with surface polished; mesonotum

very short, about one-fifth of pronotum; propodeum coriaceous, central depression very narrow, with

posterior spine very short and laterally orientated; wings absent; metasoma with tergites I-IV coriaceous;

genitalia with ventral arm of paramere with inner margin emarginated, and aedeagus not reaching apex

of paramere.

Bradepyris levis (Moczar, 1986) comb. nov.

This species is recorded from Gibraltar. We were able to examine the holotype female deposited at CNCI,

which has the following characteristics: head with surface polished with sparse foveolation; clypeus

with anterior margin rounded; ocelli very small, frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar fovea

present, but hardly distinct; pronotum longer than mesonotum and both with surface polished; parapsidal

signum absent; metascutellum distinctly developed, with parallel margins, nearly as broad as central

depression of propodeum; propodeum gibbous and polished, median carina hardly distinct, longitudinal

ridge between median and first pair of discal carinae present, sublateral carina absent, posterior carina

followed by foveae; mesopleuron with posterior oblique sulcus distinct; wings micropterous; metasoma

with tergites I—II polished.

Bradepyris micropterus Kieffer, 1910

This species is recorded from Morocco. Its type, however, is lost so we couldn’t examine it. Only a

few characterisics could be extracted from the literature: body surface polished; ocelli small; pronotum

as long as mesonotum; mesonotum sparsely punctate; propodeum as long as mesonotum, gibbous,

polished, with central depression narrow, sublateral carina absent, posterior spine present and very short;

wings micropterous; metasoma strongly arched and with tergites coriaceous.

Bradepyris numidus (Marshall, 1906) comb. nov.

This species is recorded from Algeria. Its type, however, is lost so we couldn’t examine it. Only a few

characterisics were found in the literature: body with surface polished, sparsely punctate; head with

longitudinal sulcus; anterior ocellus larger than others; wings macropterous; mesoscutum with notaulus

well impressed.

12

BARBOSA D.N. & AZEVEDO C.O., Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

Bradepyris pardoi (Moczar, 1984) comb. nov.

This species is recorded from Morocco. We were able to examine the holotype female deposited at

HNHM, which has the following characteristics: body with surface polished, sparsely punctate; head

with malar space narrower than vertex-ocellar line and parallel; clypeus with median lobe quadrate; Irons

with longitudinal sulcus present; ocelli very small; frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; mesoscutum

with parapsidal signum indistinct; propodeum polished, with central depression developed, sublateral

carina inconspicuous, posterior spine absent; mesopleuron with posterior oblique sulcus distinct; wings

brachypterous; metasoma with tergite II polished and tergites III-VI coriaceous.

Bradepyris proximus (Kieffer, 1906) comb. nov.

This species is recorded from Spain. We were able to examine the holotype male deposited at MNHN,

which has the following characteristics: body coriaceous; head with antenna with sparse and long setae;

clypeus with median lobe quadrate; eye protruding above level of head and setose; ocelli very small;

frontal angle of ocellar triangle obtuse; pronotum short; mesoscutum with parapsidal signum hardly

distinct; propodeum with central depression developed, sublateral carina absent, lateral carina hardly

distinct, posterior spine absent; mesopleuron with posterior oblique sulcus distinct; wings macropterous;

metasoma with tergites polished.

Bradepyris squamifer Kieffer, 1911

This species is recorded from Morocco. We were able to examine the holotype female deposited at

BMNH, which has the following characteristics: mesosoma with mesoscutum as long as mesoscutellum;

parapsidal signum well impressed; propodeum with central depression developed, posterior spine absent;

micropterous, with setae-like scales.

Bradepyris suarezi (Moczar, 1984) comb. nov.

This species is recorded from Morocco. We were able to examine the holotype female deposited at

HNHM, which has the following characteristics: body with surface polished, sparsely punctate; head

with malar space narrower than vertex-ocellar line and parallel; clypeus with median lobe quadrate and

with anterior margin rounded; frons with longitudinal sulcus present; ocelli very small; frontal angle

of ocellar triangle acute; parapsidal signum hardly distinct; notaulus well impressed; propodeum short

and polished, central depression developed, sublateral carina absent, posterior spine hardly distinct;

mesopleuron with posterior oblique sulcus distinct; micropterous; metasoma with tergites polished,

tergite II sparsely punctate.

Bradepyris validithorax (Duchaussoy, 1916) comb. nov.

This species is recorded from Morocco. Its type, however, is lost so we couldn’t examine it. Only a few

characters were found in the literature: female: body with surface polished, sparsely punctate; head with

malar space narrower than vertex-ocellar line and parallel; frons with longitudinal sulcus present; ocelli

very small; pronotum longer than mesonotum; mesoscutum with parapsidal signum hardly distinct;

notaulus well impressed; propodeum with central depression developed, sublateral carina present,

posterior spine hardly distinct; brachypterous; mesotibia with distal spines; metasoma with tergites

polished; male: body with surface polished, sparsely punctate; head as long as wide; antenna longer

than head and mesosoma together; frons with longitudinal sulcus weakly impressed; ocelli very small;

frontal angle of ocellar triangle right; mesosoma with pronotum shorter than mesonotum; mesoscutum

longer than mesoscutellum; propodeum with central depression developed, sublateral carina present;

mesopleuron with posterior oblique sulcus distinct; macropterous; metasoma with tergites polished;

hypopygium longer than wide, posterior margin unilobate.

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European Journal of Taxonomy 151: 1-16 (2015)

Key to the females of the species of Bradepyris

1. Macropterous, wings reaching at least first segment of metasoma. B. numidus (Marshall, 1906)

- Brachypterous or micropterous, wings reaching at most half of propodeum.2

2. Brachypterous, wings reaching at least anterior half of propodeum

- Micropterous, wings reaching at most length of mesoscutellum ...

3

5

3. Mesotibia with distal spine . B. validithorax (Duchaussoy, 1916)

- Mesotibia without distal spine .4

4. Anterior clypeal margin rounded; ocellar triangle in acute angle; propodeal disc with sublateral

carina; metasoma not setose . B. pardoi (Moczar, 1984)

- Anterior clypeal margin truncate; ocellar triangle in obtuse angle; propodeal disc without sublateral

carina; metasoma setose. B. dimorphus (Kieffer, 1911)

5. Pronotum as long as mesoscutum . B. micropterus Kieffer, 1910

- Pronotum 2M* as long as mesoscutum.6

6. Forewing scaly, reaching posterior margin of mesoscutellum. B. squamifer Kieffer, 1911

- Fore wing hardly distinct .7

7. Pronotum 2x as long as mesoscutum.8

- Pronotum 3M* as long as mesoscutum.9

8. Propodeum with posterior spine . B. inermis Kieffer, 1906

- Propodeum without posterior spine. B. suarezi (Moczar, 1984)

9. Head strongly and densely punctate; mesosoma and metasoma sparsely punctate .

. B. apterus Kieffer, 1906

- Head slightly and sparsely punctate; mesosoma and metasoma not punctate.10

10. Body sparsely setose; metasomal tergites coriaceous . B. armatus Kieffer, 1911

- Body densely setose; metasomal tergites polished. B. levis (Moczar, 1986)

Key to the males of the species of Bradepyris

1. Micropterous, wings reaching at most length of mesoscutellum. B. inermis Kieffer, 1906

- Macropterous, wings reaching at least first segment of metasoma.2

2. Mesoscutum shorter than mesoscutellum.3

- Mesoscutum longer than mesoscutellum .4

3. Frons weakly foveolate; eye pubescent and large. B. fuscipennis Kieffer, 1906

- Frons not foveolate; eye glabrous and small. B. jordanicus sp. nov.

4. Antennal pubescence dense; propodeal disc without sublateral carina. B. proximus Kieffer, 1906

- Antennal pubescence spare; propodeal disc with sublateral carina . B. baleariensis sp. nov.

Discussion

During our analysis, we established that the genera Bradepyris , Pseudomesitius and Triglenus do not

have enough characteristics to distinguish them from each other, as Argaman (2003) argued. These

14

BARBOSA D.N. & AZEVEDO C.O., Synopsis of Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905

characteristics are, in fact, only diagnostic at the species level. There was, therefore, no reason to

maintain three separate genera and, consequently, Pseudomesitius and Triglenus are proposed as junior

synonyms of Bradepyris. The genus is redescribed and its species are commented upon. Furthermore,

we were able to establish the distribution of this genus as being restricted to the Mediterranean region,

an unusual distribution and not recorded for genera of the Bethylidae before. It turns out that the species

of Bradepyris form a consistent group and further studies will shed more light on relationships within

the Bethylidae.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Gellert Puskas for the loan of the material studied and to Claire Villeman for the

loan of the holotype of Bradepyris proximus. This work was supported by grant CNPq/FAPES/CNPq

PRONEX#52263010/2011, by FAPES for the fellowships provided to the first author, grant #020/2012,

and by CNPq for the fellowships provided to the second author, grant #151153/2013-2.

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Manuscript received. 19 August 2015

Manuscript accepted: 8 October 2015

Published on: 10 November 2015

Topic editor: Koen Martens

Desk editor. Kristiaan Hoedemakers

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of the

EJT consortium: Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Prance; Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium;

Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London, United

Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History Museum of

Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.

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