European Journal of Taxonomy 155: 1-

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2015.155

-10

ISSN 2118-9773

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2015 • Galil B.S.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Research article

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7A4E94D5-B63A-4D14-B811-BFA08C8CC004

On a collection of Leucosioidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura)

from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new species

Bella S. GALIL

National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, RO.B. 8030,

Haifa 31080, Israel. Email: [email protected]

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C2D486BE-E84C-4891-BD57-23C9AF531064

Abstract. The collection of deep-sea pebble crabs (Leucosioidea) during the BIOPAPUA Expedition,

comprising 8 species, including a species new to science, is significant because although the previously

described species had not been recorded from the Bismarck and western Solomon Seas, they occurred

in at least one nearby location (New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Is). Praebebalia fungifera sp. nov. is

described and illustrated. It differs from its closest congener, P. septemspinosa Sakai, 1983, in bearing

fungiform granules dorsally on carapace, shorter chelipeds, the relatively stout male first gonopod with

a preapical row of setae and the beak-like tip, as compared to the rounded granules dorsally on the

carapace, greatly elongate chelipeds and the slim, elongate, distally curved gonopod of P. septemspinosa ,

preapically set with very long setae and a hoolc-like tip.

Keywords. Decapoda, Leucosiidae, Praebebalia sp. nov., Papua New Guinea, new records.

Galil B.S. 2015. On a collection of Leucosioidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from PapuaNew Guinea, with

the description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 155: 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2015.155

Introduction

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is considered as a region of high marine biodiversity. It is centrally located

in the Indo-Pacific gradient of biodiversity and referred to as the coral triangle. However, the biological

data of its deep-sea areas are still largely unavailable and these seas are poorly explored by marine

biologists. The current body of knowledge on the New Guinean deep sea benthic fauna stems almost

exclusively from the study of highly specialized hydrothermal vents. As data on other benthic habitats

are missing, patterns of possible faunal connectivity across the deep waters of the western Pacific Ocean

remain vague (Pante et al. 2012).

Over the past decade the need for metals has rocketed, making deep-sea deposits increasingly appealing

to commercial operators. The most likely targets for deep-sea mining are polymetallic sulphides,

manganese nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts. Deep seabed mining is emerging as a locally

significant anthropogenic stressor through emission of toxic materials and discharge of fine particulate

material, though their spatial and temporal scales depend on the particular habitat and the technology

utilized. The seabed of the Bismarck and Solomon Seas harbors immense polymetallic sulphide deposits

formed around submarine volcanic arcs that precipitate from hydrothermal fluid at the vicinity of

European Journal of Taxonomy 155: 1-10 (2015)

hydrothermal vent sites (Hoagland et al. 2010). In 2011 the government of PNG licensed deepwater

copper and gold mining in the Bismarck Sea. Production at the ‘Solwara V mine, located at a depth

of 1600 m in the Bismarck Sea, had been scheduled for late 2013. A recently resolved legal dispute

with the govermnent of PNG has the license holder targeting production in three years ( http://www.

businessadvantagepng.com/nautilus-targets-solwara-1-production-three-vears T The potential seabed

wealth of high-value strategic ores had already drawn intense commercial interest. PNG, Tonga, Fiji, the

Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Zealand have issued exploration licenses to assess the commercial

feasibility of mineral resources development in their EEZs and mining will potentially affect extensive

areas of the seabed ( http://www.nautilusminerals. com/s/Home. asp ) .

It is, therefore, with a sense of urgency that the benthic biodiversity of the unique Bismarck Sea and West

Solomon Sea, barely explored and due for destructive exploitation, is studied. Many deep-sea habitats

extend over large areas, but the extent of individual species and habitat ranges is largely unknown.

Greater knowledge is needed on the species diversity and range in order to gauge connectivity, resilience

and recovery of deep-sea fauna. The purpose of the BIOPAPUA Expedition, conducted in 2010 by the

Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement

(IRD) and the University of PNG, was to explore remote and uncharted territory and to describe the deep

benthic fauna in the southwestern Pacific. BIOPAPUA was designed to sample specific habitats and to

examine the deep benthic biodiversity in the Bismark Sea and in the western Solomon Sea (in the EEZ

of PNG) in order to understand patterns of faunal connectivity across the deep waters of the western

Pacific Ocean (Pante et al. 2012). This research is critically relevant as commercial, political and public

interest in the exploitation of the deep seabed increases.

The present collection, comprising 8 species, including a species new to science, is significant for although

prior to the BIOPAPUA expedition the previously described species have not been recorded from the

GALIL B.S., Leucosioidea from Papua New Guinea

Bismarck and western Solomon seas, they occurred in at least one nearby location (New Caledonia,

Vanuatu, Solomon Is), and three species have been recorded in all three. Clearly, this small collection of

leucosioids, collected at shelf and mid-slope depths, is insufficient for discerning biogeographic patterns

and more extensive studies on the deep slope and bathyal leucosioids are needed. Indeed, a subsequent

expedition to Madang Province, in 2012, provided a richer leucosioid collection comprising 25 species,

seven of which were new to science and 15 species were new records for Papua New Guinea (Galil &

Ng 2015).

Material and methods

The BIOPAPUA research cruise aboard R/V ‘Alis’, took place between 21 Aug. and 19 Oct. 2010.

156 stations were sampled at depths between 100 and 1300 m in the Bismarck Sea and in the western

Solomon Sea. Stations cited in this paper are mapped (Fig. 1). The standard French beam trawl is 4 m

wide, 0.35 m high, with a conical sac of fine mesh (15, 12 mm) and double-layered cod-end. The trawl

is generally deployed at 2.5^1.5 knots and towed at 1.5 knots ground speed. The Waren dredge, with an

inner sac of fine mesh (3—5 mm) protected by one or two outer layers of coarse mesh (20-50 mm), was

towed at 1-2 knots, or slower, depending on the bottom morphology. The material is deposited in the

MNHN, Paris.

Carapace length is measured in mm along the mid-line from the frontal margin to the posterior margin

(not including posterior spine where present).

Abbreviations

G1,G2

I., Is.

ovi

Stn

juv.

carapace length

Waren dredge

chalut a perche (trawl)

first, second gonopods

Island, Islands

ovigerous

station

young specimen

Results

Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802

Superfamily Leucosioidea Samouelle, 1819

Family Iphiculidae Alcock, 1896

Genus Pariphiculus Alcock, 1896

Pariphiculus agariciferus Ihle, 1918

Pariphiculus agariciferus Ihle, 1918: 250, fig. 136 (type locality: Rote I., Lesser Sunda Is., Indonesia).

Pariphiculus agariciferus - Galil & Ng 2007: fig. 3b (color photo).

Material examined

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Jacquinot Bay, BIOPAPUA Stn DW 3770, 05°34’ S, 151°32’ E, 220-294 m,

16 Oct. 2010, 1 $, cl 12.4 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-3871).

Distribution

Indonesia, South China Sea, Philippines, Japan, Vanuatu (Galil & Ng 2007, 2010).

European Journal of Taxonomy 155: 1-10 (2015)

Family Leucosiidae Samouelle, 1819

Subfamily Ebaliinae Stimpson, 1871

Genus Arcania Leach, 1817

Arcania gracilis (Henderson, 1893)

Arcania septemspinosa var. gracilis Henderson, 1893: 403 (type locality: Gulf of Martaban, Myanmar).

Arcania gracilis - Galil 2001a: 184, figs 2c, 5d, synonymy. — Galil & Ng 2007: 82, fig. If (color photo).

Material examined

PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Sepik River: BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3702, 03°57’ S, 144°40’ E, 80-91 m, 1 Oct.

2010, 1 $,ovi, cl 14.7 mm; 1 $, cl 14.1 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7013). BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3702, 03°57’

S, 144°40’ E, 80-91 m, 1 Oct. 2010, 1 S, cl 10.6 mm; 1 $, ovi, cl 14.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7014).

Distribution

Red Sea to Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia; at depths of 21-366 m (Galil 2001, 2007; Galil & Ng

2007, 2010).

Arcania septemspinosa (Fabricius, 1787)

Cancer septemspinosus Fabricius, 1787: 325 (type locality: Indian Ocean).

Arcania septemspinosa - Galil 2001a: 193, figs 3b, 7b, synonymy. — Galil & Ng 2007: 87, fig. 2a (color

photo).

Material examined

PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Sepik River: BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3702, 03°57’ S, 144°40’ E, 80-91 m, 1 Oct.

2010, 1 $, cl 16.1 mm; 1 $, parasitized, cl 16.8mm; 1 juv. (MNHN-IU-2011-2276). BIOPAPUA Stn CP

3703, 03°53’S, 144°4UE, 361-750 m, 1 Oct. 2010, 1 ?, cl 16.8 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-1833).

Remarks

The fauna collected at stations CP3702 and CP3703 comprised seep fauna, i.e., mussels, clams,

siboglonid polychaetes. The specimens of A. septemspinosa may have been collected in their vicinity.

Distribution

Red Sea to Australia, Vanuatu, Fiji, at depths of 7-182 m depth (Galil 2001a; Galil & Ng 2009, 2010).

Genus Parilia Wood-Mason, 1891

Parilia major Sakai, 1961

Parilia major Sakai, 1961: 137, pi. 3, fig. 5 (type locality: Tosa Bay, Japan).

Material examined

PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Huon Gulf: BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3630, 06°54’ S, 147°03’ E, 305-307 m, 22

Aug. 2010, 1 5, ovi, cl 45.8 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-1133); 1 $,ovi, cl 45.0 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-1520).

BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3633, 06 o 54’ S, 147 o 05’ E, 395^06 m, 22 Aug. 2010, 1 $, cl 47.5 mm (MNHN-

IU-2011-1141); 2 cl 23.3, 23.2 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-1027). BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3665, 04°50’ S,

151°38’ E, 225-340 m, 23 Sep. 2010, 1 cl 38.3 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-1368).

GALIL B.S., Leucosioidea from Papua New Guinea

Distribution

Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, Solomon Is, 90-425 m (Galil 2007, Galil & Ng 2007).

Genus Praebebalia Rath bun, 1911

Praebebalia fun gif era sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC7FB29B-FC85-4218-98FA-BAEB3162ECC6

Figs 2-3

Etymology

From fungus L., mushroom, for the fungiform granules on the dorsal surface of the carapace.

Material examined

Holotype

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: cl 8.8 mm, SE of Manus I., BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3693, 02°10’ S, 147°17’ E,

300 m, 29 Sep. 2010 (MNHN-IU-2013-5996).

Paratypes

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 6 $$, cl 7.0-8.6 mm, 6 $ $, cl 5.5-10.3 mm, same data as holotype (MNHN-

IU-2011-2763); 2 SS, cl 8.8-9.1 mm, 1 $, cl 7.4 mm, SE ofManus I., BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3693, 02°10’

S, 147° 17’ E, 300 m, 29 Sep. 2010 (MNHN-IU-2011-2209); 1 3, cl 8.5 mm, E ofManus 1, BIOPAPUA

Stn CP 3693, 02°10’ S, 147°17’ E, 300 m, 29 Sep. 2010 (MNHN-IU-2013-5995); 3 SS, cl 6.7-8.9 mm,

1 ?, cl 9.9 mm, SE ofManus I., BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3693, 02°10’ S, 147°17’ E, 300 m, 29 Sep. 2010

(MNHN-IU-2011-2107).

Description

Carapace globose, pyriform, regions ill-defined. Dorsal surface of carapace set with flat-topped, fungiform

granules, five granulate tubercles medially, intestinal tubercle largest, conical (Fig. 2). Postorbital region

Fig. 2. Praebebalia fungifera sp. nov., holotype, S ( 8.8 mm) (MNHN-IU-2013-5996). Carapace and

chelipeds, dorsal view. Papua New Guinea.

European Journal of Taxonomy 155: 1-10 (2015)

Fig. 3. Praebebalia fungifera sp. nov., holotype, $ ( 8.8 mm) (MNHN-IU-2013-5996). A. Left G1

(ventral view), distal part of left G1 (dorsal view). B. Left G2. Scales: A-B = 1.0 mm.

GALIL B.S., Leucosioidea from Papua New Guinea

concave. Row of nearly contiguous agariciform granules medially to cardiac region. Intestinal region

tumescent, faintly demarcated by shallow grooves. Front prominent, bilobed, frontal lobes tumid,

widened anteriorly, minutely granular, setose. Eyes small. Orbital margin bifissured dorsally, V-shaped

fossa laterally; infraorbital lobe spiniform, prominent. Antennules obliquely folded, basal antennular

segment sealing lower antennular aperture. Antennae small, slender, basal antennal segment inserted in

inner orbital hiatus. Buccal frame trapezoid, narrowing antedorly. Third maxilliped bearing prominent

agariciform granules; exognath slightly shorter, more slender than endognath, merus more than half

as long as ischium. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel unifissured, apparent in dorsal view,

curved distad. Anterolateral margins of carapace with two subequal fungiferous tubercles; subhepatic

margin visible in dorsal view, closely set anteriorly with agariciform granules, subhepatic tubercle

fungiferous. Midlateral and posterolateral tubercles conical, set with fungiform granules, smaller,

closer-set distally. Posterior margin of carapace bituberculate, tubercles conical, slender, proximally

bearing fungiferous granules, distally upcurved. Chelipeds slender, subcylindrical, minutely granular,

very long; merus in adult male 1.3x as long as carapace; propodus somewhat thicker distally, fingers

two-thirds as long as propodus, tips crossing when closed. Ambulatory legs slender, short, dactyls long,

setose. Thoracic sternites granular. Sternoabdominal cavity deep, elongate, nearly reaching buccal

cavity, margins lamellate in female. Male abdomen with somites 3-5 fused, narrowing distally, basio-

lateral regions of fused somites inflated. Lateral margin of somite 6 ridged medially, fitting into groove

at seam between plastron and sternite 5. Telson longer than sixth abdominal somite, bearing conical

tooth basally. Adult female abdomen with somites 3-6 fused, greatly swollen, telson laciniate. G1 with

stout basal stalk, flanged on interior margin, tapering, distally curved distad, preapically set with long,

microscopically serrate setae, tip beak-like; G2 short, distally scoop-like (Fig. 3). Vulvae submedially

on sternite 5, near suture 4/5; gonopore round, small, directed anteriorly, slightly raised rim posteriorly.

Remarks

Of the 12 species assigned to the genus Praebebalia Rathbun, 1911, only two (P. extensiva Rathbun,

1911 and P. septemspinosa Sakai, 1983) were retained in the genus following revision and two were

newly described (P. madagascariensis Galil, 2001 and P. magna Galil, 2001) (Galil 2001b). The genus

is characterized by its subcircular, globose carapace, with tubercle medially on lateral margin; bilobed

front; conical intestinal region; lateral angles of posterior margin of carapace prominently spinose; male

abdomen with somites 3-5 fused; G1 elongate, preapically set with long setae; and very long chelipeds.

Praebebalia fungifera sp. nov. differs from the western Indian Ocean species, P. madagascariensis

(Madagascar), P. magna (Madagascar, Mozambique) and P. extensiva (Seychelles, Saya de Malha

Bank), in its flat-topped, fungiform granules on the dorsal surface of the carapace and a spine on the

posterolateral margin; it differs from P. septemspinosa (Philippines), with which it shares the latter

character, in its shorter chelipeds (1.3 as compared to twice as long as carapace), and G1 relatively

stout, slightly bent distad, preapically set with setae, tip beak-like (Fig. 3), as compared to the elongate,

distally curved G1 of P. septemspinosa , preapically set with very long setae, tip hook-like (Galil 2001b:

fig 4b-c).

Distribution

Known only from the type location, Manus I., Papua New Guinea; 300 m.

Genus Tanaoa Galil, 2003

Tanaoa nanus Galil, 2003

Tanaoa nanus Galil, 2003: 403, figs lc, 3e-f (type locality: Vanuatu, 16°29.23’ S, 167°58.70’ E).

European Journal of Taxonomy 155: 1-10 (2015)

Material examined

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Seamounts nr Bougainville, BIOPAPUA Stn DW3748, 05°37’ S, 154°0E E,

398-399 m, 12 Oct. 2010, 1 3, cl 15.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-5254). Madang, BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3708,

04°58’ S, 145°50’ E, 502-529 m, 2 Oct. 2010, 2 33, cl 12.1, 12.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-3547). SE of

Manus I., BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3691, 02°1E S, 147 0 18’E, 499-517 m, 29 Oct. 2010, 2 33 , cl 10.5, 13.7

mm (MNHN-IU-2011-2694). Astrolabe Bay, BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3713, 05°22’ S, 145°50’ E, 608-610

m, 5 Oct. 2010, 2 33 , cl 23.0 mm and cl 14.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-2675).

Distribution

Indonesia, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Wallis I.; 281-1250 m (Galil 2007).

Genus Torn Galil, 2003

Torn pilus (Tan, 1996)

Randalliapila Tan, 1996: 1051, fig. 4g-h, 71-n, 8a-f (type locality: Philippines, 13°12’N 123°50.30 , E).

Torupilus - Galil 2003: 412, figs 28, 5a-b.

Material examined

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: SE of Manus L, BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3692, 02°10’ S, 147°19’ E, 408M48 m,

29 Sep. 2010, 5 33 , cl 11.4-12.1 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-3439). SE of Manus I., BIOPAPUA Stn CP

3693, 02°10’ S, 147°17’E, 300 m, 29 Sep. 2010, 3 33 , cl 10.1-10.8 mm, 1 $, ovi, cl 11.1 mm (MNHN-

IU-2011-2745); 2 33, cl 11.2-11.4 mm, 1 $, ovi, cl 11.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-2282). Lancasay Is.,

BIOPAPUA Stn DW 3732, 08°16’ S, 150°29’ E, 340-358 m, 9 Oct. 2010, 1 3 , cl 9.2 mm (MNHN-

IU-2011-1174).

Distribution

Philippines, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji; 234-620 m (Galil 2007).

Genus Urashima Galil, 2003

Urashima pustuloides (Sakai, 1961)

Randallia pustuloides Sakai, 1961: 135, pi. 3, fig. 4 (type locality: Tosa Bay, Shikoku I., Japan).

Urashima pustuloides - Galil 2003: 417, figs 2h, 5g-h.

Material examined

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Huon Gulf, BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3633, 06°54’ S, 147°05’ E, 395M06 m, 22

Aug. 2010, 1 $, cl 28.0 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-3314). Huon Gulf, BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3635, 07°29’ S,

147°33’ E, 280-302 m, 23 Aug. 2010, 1 3 , cl 35.4 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-1073); 1 3 , cl 36.0 mm

(MNHN-IU-2011-1525). Huon Gulf, BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3645, 06 o 44’ S, 147 o 50’ E, 403M18 m, 24

Aug. 2010, 1 3, cl 41.0 mm, photo (MNHN-IU-2011-3864). SE of Manus L, BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3692,

02°10’ S, 147°19 , E, 408M48 m, 29 Sep.2010,1 c?,cl 18.0 mm (MNHN-IU-2011-3460). SE of Manus I.,

BIOPAPUA Stn CP 3693, 02 o 10’ S, 147°17’ E, 300 m, 29 Sep. 2010, 1 juv. (MNHN-IU-2011-2751).

Distribution

Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, Solomon Is, Australia; 50-839 m (Galil 2007; Galil & Ng 2007).

GALIL B.S., Leucosioidea from Papua New Guinea

Acknowledgements

The specimens from deep water off Papua New-Guinea were collected by R. V. Alis during the BIO-

PAPUA cruise in September 2010, under the leadership of Pis Dr Sarah Samadi and Laure Corbari. The

cruise was operated by the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) and the Institut de Recherche

pour le Developpement (IRD) as part of the research program “Tropical Deep Sea Benthos”, Pis Sarah

Samadi and Philippe Bouchet. The expedition operated under a permit granted by the Department of

Environment and Conservation (DEC) of Papua New-Guinea.

Sincere thanks are extended to Laure Corbari, Anouchka Sato and Paula Martin-Lefevre for the loan of

the specimens, and to Jean-Fran 9 ois Dejouannet (IRD; MNHN), for the accompanying illustrations. I

thank H. Komatsu and P.K.L. Ng for their co mm ents.

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Manuscript received: 6 September 2015

Manuscript accepted: 8 October 2015

Published on: 23 November 2015

Topic editor: Rudy Jocque

Desk editor: Kristiaan Hoedemakers

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of

the EJT consortium: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Botanic Garden Meise,

Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London,

United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History

Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, De nm ark