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List of Officers and Members of Council

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

For the year 1905.

President :

His Honour Sir A. H. L. Fraser, M.A., LU.D., K.C.8.1.

_Vice-Presidents :

The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, M.A., D.L.,

E-R.S.E.

T. H. Holland, Esq., F.G.S., F.R.S.

C. W. McMinn, Esq., I.C.S., (vetired.)

Secretary and Treasurer :

Honorary General Secretary: J. Macfarlane, Esq.

Treasurer: The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya,

M.A., D.L., F.R.S.E.

Additional Secretaries :

Philological Secretary: E. D. Ross, Hsq., Ph.D.

Natural History Secretary: Captain L. Rogers, M.D., B.Sc.,

IMS.

Anthropological Secretary: N. Annandale, Hsq., B.A., D.Sc,

Joint Philological Secretary: Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad

Shastri, M.A,

Numismatic Secretary: H. N. Wright, Esq., LCS.

Other Members of Council :

fre Hon'ble Mr. Justice F. E. Pargiter, B.A., L.C.S.

Kumar Ramessur Maliah.

I. H. Burkill, Esq., M.A.

H. E. Kempthorne, Esq.

W. K. Dods, Esq.

The Hon’ble Mr. A. Earle, I.C.S.

Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Tull Walsh, I.M,S.

H. H. Hayden, Esq., B.A., F.G:S.

E. Thornton, Esq., F.R.1.B.A.

Pandit Satis Chandra Vidyabhisana, M. a

H, E, Stapleton, Esq., B.A., B.Sc.

JUN 11 1906.

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part II.—Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.—By Sin Guorer

Kine, K.C.1.E., L6L.D., F.B.S., late Superintendent of the Royal

Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. S. GamBue, C.I1.E., F.B.S., late

of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 16.

The present contribution commences with an account of the genus

Psychotria, which concludes the Natural Order Rubiacee. In addition,

it contains accounts of the Natural Orders Valerzanee and Composite

(prepared by Sir G. King); Styladiee, Goodenoviee, and Campanulacee

(prepared by Mr. Gamble); Vaccunacee and Hricacee (Sir G. King) ;

Epacridee and Plumbaginee (Mr. Gamble). For the new genera and

species proposed in these Orders the authors are jointly responsible.

The account of the Order Monotropee has been supplied by Lieut.-

Col. Prain, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden,

Calcutta; and that of the Order Gentsanee@ has been added, having

been drawn up by Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., late President of the

Linnean Society of London. It is somewhat out of its proper

sequence, but has been included, as the descriptions were ready for

publication.

In addition, therefore, to the account of the Rubiaceous genus

Psychotria, with 29 Malayan Peninsular species, of which 11 are new

to science, this fasciculus contains accounts of the Malayan members

of 11 Natural Orders, including 48 genera and 81 species, of which 2

genera and 17 species are new to science.

Nat. Ord. LIX. RUBIACEA.

o3. PsycHotris, Linn.

Shrubs or small trees, erect or occasionally climbing or twining;

rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely in whorls of 3 or 4. Stupules

free in pairs, or connate, often with glands or hairs, deciduous or

persistent. Flowers rather small, in terminal, rarely axillary, cymes

LIBR

NEW

VO)

BOTAN!

GARI

2 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

corymbs or fascicles, bracteolate or not, never involucrate (in the

Malayan species). Calyx-tuwbe short; the limb persistent in part

or deciduous. Corolla-tube straight, short; the throat naked or hairy ;

the lobes of the mouth 5, rarely 4 to 6, valvate in bud. Stamens as

many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the throat or mouth; anthers

linear or obtuse, attached dorsally near the base to short or long

filaments. Ovary 2-celled; style long or short, bifid; ovules often

cuneiform, solitary, erect from the base of each cell. rut small,

baecate or drupe-like, ovoid globose or oblong, smcoth or ridged,

composed of two plano-convex, 1-celled, 1-seeded pyrenes ; or didymous |

and separating into two cocci. Seeds plano-convex, the ventral surface

grooved or plane, the dorsal smooth, ridged or sulcate; testa thin,

albumen hard; embryo small, basal; cotyledons broad, thin; radicle

inferior.—Distris. Species about 550; tropical or sub-tropical.

Scandent :—

Flowers 4-merous :—

Panicles lax; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate .. L, P. laxiflora.

Flowers 5-merous :—

Seeds with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface plane :—

Flowers sessile in small capitula at the ends of the

branches of the cymes :—

Leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic, 1°75 to 2°5 in. broad ;

inflorescence puberulous 50 2. P. morinde@flora.

Leaves narrowly elliptic, less than 1: 25 in. inroads

inflorescence coarsely pubescent a0 .. 38. P. Maingayt.

Flowers pedicellate in cymosely branched cymes :—

Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, the midrib

sometimes pubescent on the lower surface, otherwise

glabrous; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs; ote 4 to

‘75 in. long; fruit :25 in. long 4. P. sarmentosa.

Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, main-nerves 4 to 6

pairs; petioles -4 to 8 in. long; fruit :35 in. long .. 5. P. Kunstleri.

Leaves broadly obovate or sub-ovate; main-nerves 5

to 10 pairs; petioles -5 to 1°5in.; fruit:4 in. long.. 6. P. penangensis.

Seeds with 3 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface plane :—

Flowers pedicellate, in cymosely branched paniculate

cymes; fruit narrowly ellipsoid OU 7. P Scortechinit.

Flowers on short pedicels in globular cymes at the anne

of the branches of the panicles :—

Leaves and stems glabrous; fruit subglobose, ‘2 in.

long .. 8. P. pilulifera.

Leaves and Hy ae and aimaseanca tie junbeacene 9. P. ovoidea,

Seeds with more than 4 ridges on both dorsal and ventral

surfaces .. ais ie ate -. 10. P. Ridley.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Seeds faintly ridged on the dorsal surface, the ventral

surface with a shallow groove .. bi Me alate

‘Erect shrubs, usually small :—

Flowers 4-merous :—

Leaves with a strong pale intra-marginal nerve Sd ee

Flowers 5-merous :—

Flowers shortly pedicellate, in dense globular cymules at

the ends of the long-peduncled branches of a terminal

umbellate cyme; leaves deciduously puberulous, with

9 to 13 pairs of main-nerves; fruit -3 in. long; seeds

4-ridged on the dorsal surface, slightly concave on the

ventral za ‘ Oe Gy

Flowers sub-sessile, in skort condones ‘iehotoinois eeile a

axillary cymes; leaves with scurfy pubescence and 8 to 11

pairs of main-nerves; seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal and

broadly grooved on the ventral surface ae se 14

Flowers in a terminal umbellately branching cyme :—

Seeds with a single dorsal ridge, the ventral surface

plane :-—

Leaves quite glabrous :—

Leaves 6 to 10 in. ae main-nerves 12 to 15

pairs = 2 Us.

Leaves usually ie 6 in. bye main-nerves 8 Ae

10 pairs SC Sr:

Leaves adpressed-pubescent, 6 to 12 in. have Sen IE

‘Seeds with a single dorsal ridge, the ventral surface

with a groove; leaves 5 to 8 in. long, quite glabrous,

main-nerves 7 to 8, rarely 10 pairs be ~kS:

Seeds with 5 ridges on the dorsal surface, the sentaal

surface plane :-—

Leaves glabrous :—

Leaves oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, 3:5

to 8 in. long ; fruit -25 in. long Xs se Ae

Leaves softly pubescent :—

Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, the bases cuneate

rounded or cordate, 3-5 to 5 in. long; fruit -25 to

“3 in. long A Ale

Leaves elliptic, the upper enrbece alabreants a

the midrib, 5 to 7 in. long; fruit :45 in. long .. 21.

Seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal surface and 2-grooved on

the ventral; leaves glabrous on the upper surtace,

their margins crenulate

Seeds with 5 ridges on the dorsal saree ‘autd 1 Page

on the ventral; leaves glabrous, usually oblanceolate 23.

Seeds 4-ridged on the dorsal surface, plane on the

ventral :-—

Leaves elliptic, tapering equally to each end, 9- to

10-nerved; calyx-lobes very long caudate-acuminate 24.

Leaves obovate-oblong or obovate-oblanceolate, 10- to

14-nerved ; calyx-lobes short, broad, blunt nig De

iS)

. polycarpa.

. calocarpa.

. tortilis.

. Griffithit.

. angulata.

. Helferiana.

. montana.

. viridifiora.

. Birchiana.

. fulva.

. fulvoidea.

. stipulacea.

. Curtisit.

. rhinocerotis.

. multicapitulata,

4 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Seeds with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface and a faint

groove on the ventral; leaves elliptic or elliptic-

lanceolate, 12- to 18-nerved .. e .. 26. P. malayana.

Spercies ImpERrectty Known.

Psychotria Wrayi, No. 27.

B inequalis, No. 28.

50 condensa, No, 29.

1. PsycHoTRIA LAXIFLORA, Blume Bijdr. 964. Scandent or epiphy-

tic, glabrous except the inflorescence ; young branches slightly thicker

than a crow-quill, terete, dark-coloured, brown, shining. Leaves

membranous, narrowly elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, much acuminate,

the base cuneate; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower

the paler, midrib distinct; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, faint, curved,

ascending; length 2 to 4in.; breadth ‘5 to 1 in.; petiole -15 to -2 in.

long. Stipules forming a tube from ‘15 to °3 in. long, sharply toothed.

Panicles solitary, terminal, lax, more than half as long as the leaves,

on naked peduncles about 1 in. long; branches cymose, with small

acute bracteoles at their bases, puberulous. lowers -15 to ‘2 in. long,

puberulous, in cymules of three at the ends of the branchlets; their

pedicels short, with broad acute caducous bracteoles at their bases.

Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, the mouth sub-truncate or obscurely

4toothed. Corolla longer than the calyx, broadly clavate in bud,

funnel-shaped; the mouth with 4 broad obtuse lobes, throat sericeous.

Anthers 4, elliptic, blunt, sub-sessile. Frwzt clavate-ellipsoid, with 8

vertical ridges (2 of them double), glabrous; seeds with 4 bold ridges

on the dorsal surface; the ventral surface quite flat. Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat: 1, 187.

SincaPore: fiidley 13, 4828. Jonore: Aidley. PeraK: King’s

Collector 4117, 8428; Wray 110.—Distrip. Sumatra, Forbes 1297,

1309, 1710, 2466; Java, Koorders 23550s.

2. PsyCHOTRIA MORINDHFLORA, Wall. Cat. 8438 A.B.C. in part. A

woody climber, 15 to 20 feet long, glabrous except the puberulous

inflorescence ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown

when dry, terete, somewhat thickened at the nodes, the internodes

minutely lenticellate and faintly striate. Leaves coriaceous, ovate to

elliptic, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, shortly and rather bluntly acumi-

nate, the base slightly cuneate or rarely rounded ; upper surface oliva-

ceous-greenish when dry, the lower purplish-brown; the midrib

channelled on the upper surface, prominent on the lower ; main-nerves

6 to 8 pairs, rather straight, spreading, thin but rather distinct on both

surfaces when dry ; length 3 to 4:5 in. ; breadth 1:75 to 2°5 in.; petiole

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5

-2to'din. Stipules caducous, leaving a pale narrow scar between the

petioles. Cymes terminal, about 2 in., rarely 3 in. long; the branches

compressed and angled, scurfy-puberulous, two of them springing from

the base, the other three umbellate at the apex of the main axis, each

bearing at its apex a dense, many-flowered, minutely bracteolate

capitulum less than ‘5 in. in diam. J lowers ‘2 in. long, sessile.

Calyx cupular, the mouth with 5 small blunt teeth. Corolla twice as

long as the calyx; the mouth with 5 deep oblong blunt lobes; throat

densely sericeous. <Anthers 5, short, elliptic, basifixed on stout fila-

ments. Style cylindric, thickened upwards; stigma of 2 broad lobes.

Fruit short, compressed ovoid-elliptic, with 8 vertical ridges (2 of

them double) crowned by the small calyx,-25 in. long and °16 in.

in diam. from front to back; seeds with 4 dorsal ridges; ventral

surface plane. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 166. Psychotria? Wall.

Cat. 8355.

PERAK: King’s Collector 2585, 2665 ; Scortechini 1826; Wray 4001.

Penane: Wallich ; Curtis 478.

3. PsycHotria Marneayi, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 166. A slender

woody climber ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, pubes-

cent, ultimately pale and glabrous. Leaves thickly membranous, nar-

rowly elliptic, caudate-acuminate, the base much narrowed; both

surfaces glabrous, when dry pale olivaceous, the upper rather the

darker ; main-nerves about 6 pairs, indistinct on both surfaces

like the midrib; length 2 to 3:25 in.; breadth -65 to 1:2 in.; petiole

‘1 to -2 in., slender. Stepules cartilaginous, persistent, connate into a

tube -15 in. long with a few hairs at the truncate and toothed or acute

apex. Cymes axillary, on slender, compressed, coarsely pubescent

peduncles shorter than the leaves, few-branched. Flowers sessile,

bracteoles linear. Calyx much longer than the pubescent ovary, widely

campanulate ; the lobes ovate-triangular, caudate-acuminate, spreading.

Corolla unknown. fruit broadly ellipsoid, with 8 deep vertical grooves,

pale, nearly glabrous when ripe, -2 in. long.

SincAPoRE : Maingay (K.D.) 926; Ridley 6924.

4. PSYCHOTRIA SARMENTOSA, Blume Bijdr. 964. Scandent; woody ;

young stems thinner than a goose-quill, pale, glabrous. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, acute or shortly and abruptly

acuminate, much narrowed at the base, edges slightly recurved; both

surfaces pale brown tinged with olivaceous when dry, minutely reticu-

late ; the upper glabrous, the lower sometimes pubescent only on the

stout midrib; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curving slightly upwards,

faint; length 2°5 to 4in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petioles -4 to -75 in.,

winged above. Stipules broad at the base, the apex caudate-acuminate.

6 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

Cymes terminal, puberulous, shorter than the leaves, on short peduncles,.

cymosely branched; the branches angled, spreading, many-flowered ;.

bracteoles minute, linear. flowers about ‘15 in. long, puberulous out-

side, on short pedicels. Calyx campanulate, with 5 short triangular

teeth. Corolla villous at the base in the interior. Frwit ellipsoid,

‘25 in. long, with 10 vertical ridges (2 of them double). Seeds with

4 dorsal ridges, the ventral surface plane. DC. Prod. IV. 522; Wight.

Ic. 1038; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 148; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II.

14; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 165. P. obovata, Wall. Cat. 8380:

Grumilea Junghuhnana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 296. Psychotria sp.,.

Wall. Cat. 8382, 8352 ?, 8384.

Smneavore: Aidley 2874, 2875, 9112. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.)

3043. Perak: King’s Collector 4967, 7572. Prnana: King 1346;.

Curtis 951, 2781.—Distris. Burma, Wallich; Helfer (K.D.) 3041,

&e. ; Indian Peninsula; Ceylon; Malay Archipelago ; Andaman Islands.

Var. pachyphylla, King & Gamble. Leaves thickly coriaceous,

shining, greenish when dry, 3 to 4 in. long; fruit ‘25 in. long, sub-

globular.

Penane : Liidley 9363; Curtis 2215.

5. Psycnorria Kunstueri, n. sp., King & Gamble. A glabrous.

epiphyte with slightly angled stems thinner than a goose-quill, pale

yellowish when dry. Leaves succulent, glossy and bluish-green when

fresh, but yellow on both surfaces and dull when dry, narrowly elliptic-

oblong, rarely oblong-oblanceolate, gradually and equally tapering to.

each end; the midrib bold, channelled on the upper surface; main-

nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spreading, very indistinct; length 3 to 5:5 in. ;.

breadth -8 to 1:4 in.; petioles -4 to ‘8 in. long. Stipules forming a car-

tilaginous persistent cup with an entire mouth, about ‘1 in.long. Cyme

solitary, umbellate, terminal, longer than the leaves (the naked peduncle

of 2 to 3 in. being included), lax, from 2 to 4 in. broad; branches

spreading, dividing near their apices into umbellate cymes; bracteoles.

few, linear, acute. Flowers not seen: on basally bracteolate pedicels.

as long as themselves. wit ‘35 in. long, ellipsoid, deeply 10-grooved,

crowned by the rather large remains of the 5-toothed calyx, 10-ridged.

Seeds dorsally 4-ridged, the ventral surface flat.

Perak: Scortechin ; King’s Collector 1886, 4953, 6588; Wray

99230.—Distris. Sumatra, Forbes 2823.

6. PsycHOTRIA PENANGENSIS, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 175. A

shrubby epiphyte or climber, 8 to 12 feet long, all parts except the

inflorescence glabrous; young branches slightly compressed, thinner

than a goose-quill, dark-coloured. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly

elliptic-obovate or sub-ovate, shortly and abruptly triangular, acumi-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ff

nate, much narrowed at the base into the broad petiole; both sur-

faces brown when dry, the upper slightly olivaceous; the midrib

broad, channelled on the upper surface, main-nerves 5 to 10 pairs,

spreading, thin, distinct on the lower surface; length 3 to 4:5 in.;

breadth 1:5 to 2°5 in.; petiole -5 to 1:5 in. long, slightly winged

above. Stipules broadly ovate, sub-acute or blunt, sub-tubular, some-

times bifid, -2 to -4 in. long. Cymes umbellate, solitary or terminal,

pedunculate, as long as or longer than the leaves (including the com-

pressed naked 1 to 2 in. long peduncle); primary branches long,

spreading ; the ultimate umbels with broad-based subulate unequal

bracteoles. Flowers -2 to :25 in. long, sessile or on short pedicels ;

bracts ‘25 in. long. Calyx-twbe obconie, its teeth triangular. Corolla

longer than the calyx, shortly and widely tubular, deeply divided into

5 broad lobes thickened near the apex, the apex itself sharp and

inflexed, glabrous inside except for the ring of hair in the throat at

the insertion of the short filaments. Amnthers elliptic, blunt, entire.

Frwit ellipsoid, compressed, with 10 obtuse vertical ridges (2 of them

double), glabrescent, crowned by the rather large calyx; length 4 in. ;

breadth -25 in. Seeds 2, plano-convex, the dorsal surface with 4 blunt

ridges, the ventral surface plane.

Manacca : Maingay (K.D.) 920. Sincapore: Ridley 2870. PERax:

Scortechint 2034; King’s Collector 3049, 4591, 10723. Snnancor:

Firdley 7425. Panekore: Curtis 1621.

7. PsycHotria ScoRTECHINI, n.sp., King & Gamble. A climber,

all parts glabrous; young branches pale brown, thicker than a crow-

quill, terete, smooth. Leaves membranous, ovate-lanceolate or narrowly

elliptic, acuminate, the base narrowed or rarely rounded ; both surfaces

brown when dry (the lower slightly paler), the midrib prominent ; main-

nerves 9 or 6 pairs, curved, spreading, not prominent; length 2°5 to

4in.; breadth 1 to 1-5 in.; petiole -15 to -2 in. Sztzpules oblong, acute,

connate at their bases, -15 to :2 in. long, caducous. Cymes paniculate,

solitary, terminal, rarely axillary, spreading, lax, cymosely branched, in

flower as long as or nearly as long as the leaves, in fruit longer, the

branches bracteolate, angled, divaricating. Flowers on the ultimate

branchlets in threes, :15 in. long, on short pedicels, each with a bracteole

at the base. Calyx cupular, with 5 short acute teeth. Corolla longer

than the calyx, cylindric, with short triangular lobes, the throat with

tufts of yellowish hairs between the 5 stamens. Anthers on short

filaments. Style cylindric, stigma 2-lobed. Frwit narrowly ellipsoid,

tapering to each end, sometimes clavate, slightly compressed, 8-ridged

(2 being double), crowned by the calyx, °35 in. long and ‘2 in. in diam.

Seeds with 3 broad dorsal ridges, ventral surface plane.

8 Flora of the Malayan Penwnsula.

Perak: Scortechint 311, 404, 426; King’s Collector 897, 2566,

5373.

This closely resembles P. laxiflora, Bl., but has 5-merous flowers and longer, less

clavate fruit.

8. PsYCHOTRIA PILULIFERA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small tree

or climber ; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches

about as thick as a crow-quill, terete, pale brown when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, narrowly elliptic, much tapered to both ends ; both surfaces

olivaceous when dry, the lower slightly the paler; main-nerves 6 or

7 pairs, inconspicuous, the midrib bold beneath when dry ; length 2°5 to

3-5 in.; breadth -75 to 1 in.; petiole -35 to ‘4 in. long, slender. Injflores-

cence a terminal, few-branched, puberulous panicle of condensed 8-10-

flowered globular cymes. Flowers and their short pedicels minutely

tomentose. Calyx shortly campanulate, the mouth with 5 spreading

triangular acute lobes. Corolla tubular; the lobes oblong, broad, with

small inflexed apices. Anthers 5, attached to the throat by short fila-

ments surrounded by coarse hair. fruit sub-globose, with 10 bold

vertical ridges (2 of them double), crowned by the small calyx, :2 long

and ‘15 in. in diam. Seeds with 3 bold ridges on the dorsal surface ;

ventral surface plane.

PERAK, at elevations of 3,000 to 5,000 feet: Wray 287, 398, 434, 946,

3870.

9. PsycHOTRIA OVOIDEA, Wall. Cat. 8383. A slender woody climber,

20 to 40 feet long; stems thinner than a goose-quill, densely rusty-

pubescent. Leaves with recurved margins, coriaceous, ovate- or

elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded,

sometimes minutely cordate; upper surface olivaceous when dry,

glabrous, the main-nerves depressed; the lower brown, pubescent on

the stout midrib and 5 to 7 pairs of prominent curved ascending main-

nerves, puberulous on the interspaces; length 1°5 to 2°5 in.; breadth :85

to 1:25 in.; petioles ‘15 to :25 in. long. Stipules connate, ovate-lanceo-

late, ‘25 in. long, caducous. Cymes ‘75 to 2 in. in diam., trichotomous,

solitary, terminal, rusty-pubescent, on angled peduncles °d to 1 in. long.

Flowers about ‘15 in. long, on short pedicels, crowded in dense cymes

at the ends of the branches and mixed with linear bracteoles. Calyx

campanulate, with 5 spreading acute teeth. Corolla twice as long as

the calyx, salver-shaped, with 5 lobes, the tube villous inside. Fruit

ovoid-globose, ‘15 in. long, the apex crowned by the calyx, the sides

with 6 faint vertical ridges. Seeds faintly 3-ridged on the dorsal surface ;

the ventral surface broad, flat. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 166.

Smncarore: Wallich, Seeman 2348. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.)

923; Ridley 97, 8407.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 9

10. PsycHotria RiDLEYI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub;

all parts glabrous except the inflorescence ; stems half as thick as a

goose-quill, terete, greenish when dry. Leaves membranous, oblong-

to elliptic-oblanceolate, the apex abruptly and very shortly acuminate,

the base much narrowed, both surfaces pale olivaceous when dry, the

midrib rather prominent, the upper sometimes with scattered minute,

adpressed white hairs ; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, slightly curved, spread-

ing, faint on both surfaces ; length 3 to 5° in. ; breadth 1-25 to 2-25 in.;

petioles -4 to °8 in. long, winged near the apex. Stipules broadly ovate,

subacute, ‘lin. long. Cyme on a peduncle about 1 in. long (longer in

fruit), corymbosely branched, the bracts at the forks linear-lanceolate.

Flowers in cymules of three, everywhere canescent, on short pedicels

bibracteolate at the base. Calyx campanulate with elongated tube;

the mouth with 5 erect ovate-iriangular lobes. Corolla longer

than the calyx; the tube short, slightly villous at the base

near the insertion of the broad sub-sessile anthers; the 5 lobes

broadly ovate, acute. rwit ovoid-ellipsoid, 12-ridged, crowned by

the small calyx, ‘3 to -4 in. long. Seeds many-ridged on both dorsal

and ventral surfaces.

Singapore: fizdley 48, 10818. Jonore: Ridley 6472. Matacca:

on Mt. Ophir, Hullett 811; Goodenough 1363.

11. PsycHorria PotycarPa, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 165. A

climber, glabrous except the inflorescence; young branches thinner

than a goose-quill, terete, when dry dark-coloured. Leaves coriaceous,

-ovate- or obovate-lanceolate to obovate- or ovate-rotund, the apex in the

narrower forms shortly and bluntly acuminate, in the broader abruptly

and bluntly apiculate; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the upper

‘somewhat shining, the lower dull and darker, the midrib prominent on

both; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, spreading, faint on both surfaces ;

length 2 to 3 in.; breadth -75 to 1-75 in.; petioles 3 to 6 in. Stipules

very short, connate to form a collar, caducous. Panicles large,

umbellately cymose, longer than the leaves (sometimes very much so) ;

their branches numerous, spreading, puberulous, with minute bracteoles

at the divisions. Flowers -15 in. long, numerous, in ultimate cymules

of 2 or 3, shortly pedicellate. Calyx thick, minutely pubescent, shortly

campanulate or sub-cupular, the mouth with 5 acute teeth or subentire.

Corolla longer than the calyx, salver-shaped, its 5 lobes spreading,

lanceolate, acute, the throat sericeous; anthers 5, elliptic. Fruit

ellipsoid, tapered to the base, and the apex crowned by the rather large

remains of the calyx ; obscurely ridged; -15 in. long and ‘1 in. in diam. ;

sometimes sub-globular, the epicarp somewhat pulpy. Seeds slightly

convex and faintly ridged on the dorsal surface, the ventral with a broad

10 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

shallow groove. P. obovata, Wall. Cat. 83804. Grumnulea polycarpa,

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 295. .

SINGAPORE: Fizdley 2029. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3042; Mai-

gay (K.D.) 924; Hullett 402. Jonorn: Ardley 4090, 11160. Prnane:

Curtis 1095. Prrax: Wray and King’s Collector many numbers.

Distris.—Java, King ; Forbes 1061; Koorders 28043B.

12. PsycHotria CALOCARPA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872, II.

315. A glabrous shrub 2 to 4 feet high ; young branches thinner than

a goose-quill, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves thickly membranous,

oblong-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate at the

apex, much attenuate at the base, the edges sometimes broadly crenate;

both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the midrib and nerves broad, distinct

and pale; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading and

interarching to form a bold pale intramarginal nerve -1 to ‘15 in. from

the edge; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth 1°65 to 2°5 in.; petiole -75 to

1:25 in., slightly winged near the apex. Stepules broadly triangular,

acuminate, membranous, sometimes bifid, -2in. long. Cymes terminal

or axillary, sessile or shortly pedunculate, shorter than the petioles,

about 1:25 in. across and ‘5d in. long, branched from near the base,

the branches compressed, trichotomous ; the bracteoles lanceolate,

acuminate. lowers ‘2 in. long, on short pedicels. Calyx with a

short cylindric tube and 4 longer oblong blunt sub-erect concave lobes.

Corolla exceeding the calyx, narrowly campanulate, bluntly 4-lobed,

the throat densely sericeous, otherwise glabrous. Fruit sub-globose or

ovoid, sub-compressed; the epicarp fleshy, glabrous, rugulose when

dry; ‘3 in. in breadth and rather less in length, the persistent calyx-

lobes small. Seeds large, the dorsal surface faintly 1-ridged, the ventral

deeply grooved. Kurz For. Fl. Burm. Il. 9; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind:

III. 173. P. asiatica, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 160;

Wall. Cat. 8331: not of Linn. nor of Roxb. P. viridiflora, Reinw.

var. undulata, Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 13. P. picta, Wall. Cat. 8358 ;

and Psychotria, l.c. 8359.

Perak: Fidley 7199; Wray 2200; King’s Collector 1930, 2348, 6798,

10772 ; Scortechim. Matacca: Hervey.—Distris. Himalaya, Assam,

Burma.

This plant is very common in the lower Himalaya, Assam, and Burma. In the

Flora of British India it is described as herbaceous, but the Malayan specimens are all

woody. The leaves are always readily distinguished, when dry, by the pale broad main-

nerves and by the very conspicuous intra-marginal nerve. In Malaya the plant is.

glabrous, but in the Indian specimens the under surfaces of the leaves are deciduously

puberulous.

13. PsycHoTRIA MULTICAPITATA, n. sp. King & Gamble. An erect,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. tf

much-branched shrub 3 to 7 feet high; young branches thinner than a

goose-quill, slightly compressed, swollen at the nodes, pale, deciduously

puberulous. Leaves thinly membranous, greenish when dry, broadly

obovate-lanceolate, oblong or elliptic, abruptly and shortly caudate-

acuminate, the base narrowed to the rather short petiole; upper surface

quite glabrous; the lower scurfy-puberulous on the broad midrib and

9 to 13 pairs of curved spreading main-nerves; length 5 to 10 in.;

breadth 2°5 to 4 in.; petiole :75 to 1:15 in. Stipules free, broadly trian-

gular, 15 in.long. Cymes terminal, solitary, peduncled, about 2 in. long

(including the peduncle) and the same in breadth, umbellately branched

from near the base; the ultimate branches numerous, bearing terminal

many-flowered globular minutely bracteolate cymules, about ‘5 in. in

diam., the common peduncle about an inch or more long, the branches

shorter, all puberulous. Flowers on short puberulous pedicels, ovoid in

bud, about -15 in. long when expanded. Calyx cupular, with 5 or 6

triangular acute sub-erect teeth. Corolla longer than the calyx, the

tube cylindric and, like the throat, densely white-sericeous inside ;

lobes of the limb short, triangular, deflexed. Anthers bifid at the base.

Style thick, bifid, longer than the corolla. Fruit ellipsoid-obovoid,

10-ridged, crowned by the small calyx, glabrous, *3 in. long. Seed

dorsally with 4 faint ridges, ventrally somewhat concave.

PERAK: Scortechini 214, 291; King’s Collector 436, 867, 2862, 5402,

7380, 7513, 10559.

14. Pscuyorria TorTILIS, Blume Bijdr. 958. Stem woody below,

erect, 6 to 18 in. high, not branched, cinereous, 4-angled, sparsely

covered with short coarse scurfy hairs. Leaves membranous, broadly

elliptic or ovate-elliptic, the apex acute or sub-acute, narrowed from

below the middle to the petiole; upper surface when dry dark green,

the lower pale, glaucous, minutely lepidote ; the 8 to 11 pairs of slightly

curved spreading main-nerves covered with minute short coarse

deciduous dark-coloured hairs; length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1°75 to 3 in.;

petioles ‘5 to 2 in., compressed, scurfy-pubescent. Stipules broadly tri-

angular, much acuminate, bifid, -15to-3 in.long. Cymes solitary, sessile,

axillary, dichotomous, many-flowered, condensed, ‘5 in. to 1 in. long and

as much broad. Flowers 15 in. long, on short ebracteolate pedicels.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 triangular spreading teeth, covered with coarse

hair. Corolla longer than the calyx, narrowly campanulate, with

5 ovate acute lobes, hairy like the calyx. Anthers 5, sessile, oblong,

blunt, included. Style shorter than the calyx; stigmas short, linear,

divergent. rwit crowned by the small calyx-lobes, reniform, pale with

numerous short vertical brown streaks, and stiff short white hairs, -1 in.

broad and less in length; the dorsal surface of each of the two

12 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cartilaginous cocci with 3 bold ridges. Seeds bluntly 5-ridged on the

dorsal, broadly grooved on the ventral surface. DC. Prod. IV. 520;

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 169. P. microcarpa, Wall. Cat. 8344.

Streblosa tortilis, Korth. Kruidk. Arch. II. 246.

Penane: Wallich 8344; Curtis 405, 1269. Srnaarore: Lobb.

PERAK: King’s Collector 710, 2627; Scortechint.—Distris. Sumatra,

Forbes 1495.

15. PsycHorria Grirrirai, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. Ill. 171. A

shrub ; glabrous except the puberulous inflorescence ; young branches

thinner than a goose-quill, terete, of a dark colour when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, oblong or elliptic, shortly and somewhat abruptly acumi-

nate, the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved and pale, both

‘surfaces drying olivaceous-green, shining, the midrib and the 12 to

15 pairs of curved spreading main-nerves distinct ; length 6 to 10 in. ;

breadth 1:75 to 3°5 in.; petiole -4 to ‘8 in., slightly winged above,

stout. Stipules broadly triangular, sub-acute, °2 to °3 in. long. Cymes

terminal, solitary, pyramidal, about 1:5 in. long and the same in

breadth, on naked compressed peduncles 1-5 in. or more long (lengthen-

ing to 2 in. or more in fruit); branches short, stout, puberulous,

ebracteolate ; the ultimate ones bearing the shortly pedicelled flowers

in cymules of three. Flowers ‘2 in. long. Calyx campanulate, with

) broadly triangular acute sub-erect teeth. Corolla as long as the

calyx, fleshy, tubular, with 5 broad oblong hooded lobes; the tube

finely sericeous inside, otherwise glabrous. Anthers 5, broadly oblong,

entire, dorsifixed; the filaments thin, compressed, broad. Style short,

with 2 broad flat lobes. F'rwit elliptic, slightly obovoid, the apex sub-

truncate, crowned by the remains of the disk and calyx, glabrous, black

when dry, ‘4 in. long and ‘35 in. broad ; with 4 broad vertical ridges, two

of them grooved externally and consisting of two ridges united, the

other two single; 2-celled, and 2-seeded. Seeds large, the dorsal

surface with a single ridge, the ventral flat, not grooved, everywhere

smooth.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3044; Maingay (K.D.) 918; Hervey ;

Derry 367. Prrax: Ridley 2873. SincaporE: fidley 2872, 2873,

6314, 6468, 6556; Hullett 848.

16. PsycHoTRIA ANGULATA, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 248.

A shrub 4 to 6 ft. high, glabrous except the inflorescence ; young

branches pale brown when dry, thinner than a goose-quill, terete.

Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate to oblanceolate-elliptic, the apex shortly

and rather abruptly acuminate, the base much narrowed ; both surfaces

brown when dry, tinged with olivaceous; the upper very shining, the

broad midrib and nerves depressed ; the lower less shining, the midrib

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 13

very prominent, and the 8 to 10 pairs of spreading nerves thin but

distinct; length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petiole °2 to ‘6 in.,

slightly winged near the apex. Stipules broadly triangular, acute, sub-

acute or bifid, -25 in. long. Cyme solitary, terminal, pyramidal, about

1‘5 in. long, on a naked peduncle 1:25 to 3 in. long; branches whorled,

shortly bracteolate at their bases, spreading; the ultimate branchlets

crowded at their ends with numerous sessile flowers :25 in. long.

Calyx pale, widely cupular, ‘05 in. long, with irregular small teeth.

Corolla thick, tubular, its 5 broad lobes with acute inflexed apices; the

throat densely sericeous. Anthers elliptic, blunt, on short filaments.

Frwit ovoid or narrowly obovoid, pulpy, obscurely ridged, glabrous,

crowned by the small calyx, 5 in. long and half as much broad (unripe),

2-celled. Seeds 2, plano-convex. .Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. IV.

210; Hook. fil, Fl. Br. Ind. III. 172. Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8348.

Chasalia perforata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 546.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3037. Province WELLESLEY : Ridley 7026.

JoHorE: Firdley 11161. Sinearore: Ardley 2867. Panane: Ridley

1353. Prenana: Curtis 14, 726; King’s Collector 1683. PERAK:

King’s Collector 4170.—Distris. Burma.

17. PsycHotTria HELFERIANA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872,

IT. 314. A shrub; the whole plant more or less rusty-pubescent ;

young branches as thick as a goose-quill or thicker, the pubescence

dense and deciduous. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic or oblong-

elliptic, rarely obovate-elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base usually

cuneate but sometimes rounded; both surfaces dark brown when dry,

the lower somewhat tinged with red and less hairy than the upper;

the hairs on both adpressed and very numerous on the stout midrib,

less so on the 9 to 16 pairs of spreading curved main-nerves; length

6 to 12 in.; breadth 2°5 to 4:5 in.; petioles 1 to 1:75 in. Stipules

broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, often as much as 1 in. long, the

apex acuminately bifid. Flowers :2 in. long, numerous, mixed with many

unequal bracteoles mostly longer than themselves, all acuminate and

some of them bifid and crowded in dense pedunculate capitula in a

few-branched axillary cyme usually shorter than the leaf-petioles.

Calyx-tube narrowly campanulate, with 5 lanceolate erect lobes nearly

as long as itself, everywhere pilose. Corolla similar to the calyx, but

smaller and less hairy. Stamens almost sessile ; anthers broad, blunt.

Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, somewhat compressed and boldly 8-ridged,

crowned by the lobes of the calyx, ‘3 in. long and -2in.in diam. Kurz

For, Fl. Burm. II. 11: Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 172.

- SInGAPORE: Wallich 8368 ; Goodenough 184; Maingay (K.D.) 921.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 921; Ridley 184; Lobb. Jounore: Ridley

14 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

11159; King; Hullett 507. Prax: King’s Collector 4345, 4661.

—Distris. Burma.

Var. diffusa, King & Gamble. Capitula in spreading pedunculate

panicles several inches in diam.

Perak: Scortechint 400. JoHorE: Ridley 3732. SINGAPORE:

Hullett.

Var. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong,

not more than 2 in. in width; capitulum solitary, sessile.

SincAPore: King.—Distris. Andamans.

Var. glabra, King & Gamble. Leaves glabrous.

Perak: Wray 1963.

18. PsycHorria MonTAaNA, Blume Bijdr.960. A stout glabrous shrub ;

young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, angled, brown when dry.

Leaves thinly membranous, on rather long petioles, elliptic or elliptic-

oblong, acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces greenish or

olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower the paler; main-nerves 7 to 8

pairs (rarely 10 pairs) curving upwards, pale and bold like the midrib on

the lower surface, faint on the upper; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth 1°75

to 3:5 in.; petioles -4 to 1:25 in., winged near the apex. Stzpules

connate by their short broad bases, the apices caudate-acuminate,

curved, Cymes terminal, paniculate, on angled peduncles ‘5 to 1:25 in.

in length; branches spreading, angled, bearing numerous shortly pedi-

celled flowers in cymules of three. Jlowers -25 in. long. Calyx

cupular with 5 broad spreading triangular teeth. Corolla with sub-

campanulate tube having a broad band of hairs inside in the upper

half ; the lobes of the mouth 5, broad, acute, reflexed. Fvwit ellipsoid-

ovoid to ellipsoid, boldly 4-ridged, glabrous, -25 to *3 in. long. Seeds :

the dorsal surface with a single ridge, the ventral deeply concave,

grooved. DC. Prod. IV. 521; Hook. fil. HE Br indy ieee eee.

viridissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, II. 315; For. Fl.

Burm. IJ. 13. Chasalia montana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 281. C. ex-

pansa, var. montana, Miq. MS. Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8371, 8378, and

Rubiacee, 8339. Coffea tabaccifolia, Wall. Cat. 8334.

Perak: Scortechini; Ridley, 2922; King’s Collector, 452, 2190;

Wray 276.—Distris. Sumatra, Forbes 1566, 1862, 2201, 2241, 2330.

Java: Blume; Forbes 271, 759, &. Burma; Assam; Sylhet (Grofith,

K.D.) 3047.

Var. brevipetiolata, King & Gamble. Leaves with petioles -2 to

‘4 in. long.

Perak: Scortechiu 277, 1513; Wray 1628, 2289; King’s Collector

389, 922, 1954, 2190, 4707, 6111, 8596. Srnancor: Ridley 10583.

Pawane : fidley 5831. Mauacca: on Mt. Ophir, Hullett 762

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 15

19. Psyenorria viripiFrLora, Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 965. A small

tree or a bush, all parts, except the inflorescence, glabrous; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown. Leaves membranous,

oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, shortly and stoutly acuminate,

the base much narrowed ; both surfaces brown when dry; main-nerves

8 to 14 pairs, curved, spreading, rather faint on both surfaces ; length

3°5 to 8 in.; breadth 1:25 to 2:5 in.; petiole :4 to ‘75 in. occasionally as

much as 1:25 in. long. Stipules broadly oblong, narrowed to the apex,

but not acute, 3 to 5 in. long, deciduous. Cymes on naked peduncles

(‘3 to 15 in. long) in broad panicles 1 to 2 in. long and as much wide

(more when in fruit); branches divaricating, puberulous, with small

broad bracteoles. Flowers in small cymes, on the ultimate branches,

-1 in. long, on short pedicels, glabrous outside. Calyx cupular with

irregular, short, sharp teeth. Corolla longer than the calyx, widely

tubular, with 5 broad sub-acute lobes; the throat sericeous. Anthers 5,

oblong, blunt, attached by short filaments in the throat. Frwit elliptic,

with a wide shallow areola on the apex, the sides with 10 bold vertical

ridges (2 of them double), glabrous, about -25 in. long and ‘2 in. in

diam. Seeds plano-convex, the convexity deeply 5-grooved, the ventral

surface flat. P. swlcata, Wall. Cat. 8370; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

168. P. Jackw, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 167.

Manaccea: Griffith (K.D.) 3021; Goodenough 1878; Derry 457,

1224; Ridley 1600. PanaKxore: Curtis 1369. Trana: Wray 2778.

NeGRI SEMBILAN: Ridley 1930. Snuancor: Audley 7434. Perak:

Scortechim ; Fridley 2919, 3067; Wray 290, 2027, 2778, 2956; King’s

Collector 2655, 4275, 4374, 5964, 6327, 7224. Prmnana: Wallich 8343,

8370.—Distris. Burma, Helfer & Griffith (K.D.) 3040; Sumatra,

Forbes ; Java, Blume ; Borneo, Beccari ; Motley ; Haviland.

20. PsycHorria Brrcwiana, n. sp., King & Gamble. Herbaceous;

woody at the base ; all parts softly rusty-pubescent ; stems 6 to 18 in.

high, thinner than a goose-quill, their pubescence crisped, dense, coarse,

and entirely or partly deciduous. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic

to elliptic-oblong, sometimes sub-obovate, acute, the base rounded or

minutely cordate or sometimes cuneate; both surfaces brown when

dry, the lower sometimes paler and with fewer hairs; the midrib

prominent and very hairy on both sides, the 10 to 12 pairs of rather

faint little-curved spreading main-nerves less hairy than the midrib ;

length 3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1:5 to 2-25 in.; petiole ‘5 to 1 in., covered

with coarse tomentum mixed with ovate-acuminate scales. Stipules

oblong-ovate, acuminate, -5 to °75 in. long. Cymes pedunculate,

solitary, terminal, spreading, 1:5 to 2 in. across, and about as long, the

branches spreading, bracteate at the divisions, the bracts lanceolate,

16 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acute, reflexed, -2 or -3 in. long; the peduncle 1-5 to 2°5 in. long, scaly,.

tomentose; ultimate branches short, bearing at their apices dense

capitules of small sub-sessile flowers, mixed with short broad brac-

teoles. Flowers about ‘1 in. long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, pubes-

cent; the mouth wide and with 5 blunt, triangular, spreading lobes..

Corolla exceeding the calyx, widely tubular, with 5 or 6 short inflexed

teeth, glabrous inside, hairy outside. Anthers oblong, blunt at each

end, the filaments short. wt ellipsoid, tapering equally to each end,

boldly 10-ridged, somewhat compressed, crowned by the hairy calyx-

lobes, otherwise sub-glabrous, ‘25 to °3 in. long and :2 in. across. Seeds

with 5 dorsal ridges, the ventral surface plane.

PERAK, on Birch’s Hill, elev. 4,000 feet: Scortechini 258; Wray 13.

King’s Collector 2134, 2950, 7348. Sunancor: Radley 7432.

The flowers are described as white, and the ripe fruit as cherry red. Named in

honour of Mr. Birch, a British civil officer, who was murdered by the aborigines in

Perak.

91. PsycHoTRia FuLVA, Buch.-Ham. ex. Wall. Cat. 8366, excl. B. A.

shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark brown when

dry, bearing a few scattered coarse hairs. Leaves thickly membranous,.

elliptic, shortly acuminate and tapering almost equally to the base ;

upper surface without hairs except a few on the midrib near the base,.

under surface with dark cinereous pubescence on the midrib and 15 to

18 pairs of sub-horizontal slightly curved main-nerves; length 5 to:

7 in., breadth 1°75 to 3°5 in.; petioles 1:25 to 2:4 in., coarsely and

deciduously pubescent. Stzpules membranous, broadly oblong, the

apex deeply and acuminately bifid, the edges coarsely ciliate ; length

about lin. Cymes pedunculate, axillary, trichotomous, the flowers in

condensed capitular cymes at the ends of the short branches, enveloped

when in bud in 2 or 3 large deciduous bracts ; in fruit about 2 in. across.

and less in length ; peduncles about 2 in. long; branches about ‘din. long,

horizontal; all, like the short flower pedicels, coarsely rusty-pubescent.

Calyx cupular, with 5 deep, spreading, narrow, acuminate lobes. Corolla

not seen. Fruit narrowly elliptic, somewhat compressed, tapering

slightly to each end, the apex crowned by the erect connivent calyx-

lobes, boldly but somewhat unequally 12-ridged, glabrous, -45 in. long

and -25 in. in diam. Seeds 5-ridged on the dorsal, the ventral surface

flat. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 169, excl. syn. P. montecola, Kurz.

Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8337; Griff. Notule, IV. 268; Ic. Pl. Asiat..

t. 479, f. 2.

Perak, On Ulu Batung Padang: Wray 1615.—Distris. H. Bengal,

Griffith (K.D.) 3022, 3034, 3035, 3036; Khasia, Hook jf. & Thoms. 14.

P. monticola, Kurz, a Burmese plant, has been reduced to P. fulva, Buch.-Ham..,.

but in my opinion it is quite distinct.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 17

22. PsyCHOTRIA FULVOIDEA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A _ small

shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, dark-coloured,

glabrous. Leaves membranous, narrowly elliptic, acuminate, crenu-

late, the base cuneate ; upper surface glabrous, dark brown when dry,

the lower reddish-brown; the midrib, nerves and reticulations rusty-

pubescent, otherwise glabrous; midrib prominent on both surfaces,

the 10 to 14 pairs of spreading, curving main-nerves slightly prominent

on the lower; length 6 to 7 in.; breadth 2 to 2°5 in.; petiole 1 to

1:3 in. Stipules membranous, ovate, caudate-acuminate, the edges

irregularly serrate, ciliate, length about lin. Cymes axillary, trichoto-

mous, condensed, about 2 in. broad when in fruit and 1-25 in. long,

on deflexed, coarsely but shortly pubescent peduncles 3 in. long;

their branches short, spreading, bracteate at the divisions and coarsely

pubescent. Flowers condensed into globose capitulate cymes at the

apices of the branches, sessile. Calyx narrowly campanulate, pubes-

cent, with 5 erect acute teeth. Corolla unknown. Fruit narrowly

elliptic, tapering to each end, the apex crowned by the short pubescent

lobes, with 12 deep ridges and grooves, glabrous, °4 in. long and -2 in.

in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally 2-grooved.

PERAK: Scortechint 538.

This approaches P. fulva, but is a smaller plant, with crenulate leaves quite

glabrous on the upper surface and nearly so on the lower.

23. PsycHoTRiIa sTrpuLACEA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 164. A shrub, 1 to 2 feet high, all parts except the inflores-

cence glabrous; stems as thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry.

Leaves membranous, broadly oblanceolate to elliptic, or oblong, abruptly

and shortly acuminate, much narrowed to the base; both surfaces

glabrous, when dry brown with a reddish tinge; midrib very stout, main-

nerves 11 to 13 pairs, spreading, slightly curved, distinct on both sur-

faces; length 5 to 9 in.; breadth 2 to 4 in.; petioles -5 to 1:25 in. long,

winged near the apex. Stipules large, sub-persistent, ovate, sometimes

bifid, -75 to 1 in. long, and about -4 in. broad. Cyme usually solitary,

corymbose, trichotomous, terminal, on a short peduncle, bracteate at the

base, about 2 to 3 in. in diam. ; its branches puberulous, bracts and brac-

teoles triangular. Flowers -15 in. long, on short pedicels, clustered in

dense, cymose, capituliform cymes at the ends of the ultimate branches.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 broad pubescent lobes, the tube glabrous.

Corolla longer than the calyx, widely campanulate, 4- or 5-toothed.

_ Fruit ellipsoid, sub-compressed, 10-ridged, crowned by the small calyx,

‘3 in. long, and -15 in. in diam. Seed dorsally 5-ridged, ventrally con-

cave, with one central ridge. Wall. Cat. 8329; DC. Prod. IV. 519;

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 167.

18 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Penane: Wallich 8329; Curtis 732. Trane: Kunstler 1382.

PaHane: Ridley 2216. Prrax: Ridley 2918; King’s ' Collector,

1357, 13882; Wray 3440; Scortechini 278, 307, 558, 692.—DistTRIB.

Sumatra.

24. PsycHorria Curtis, n. sp., King & Gamble. A shrub, 6

feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, rusty-pubes-

cent. Leaves elliptic, sometimes somewhat obovate, tapering equally

to each end, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces oliva-

ceous-brown when dry, the upper glabrous or with a few hairs on the

midrib near the base, the lower rusty-puberulous between the 9 or 10

pairs of bold, shortly and densely rusty-pubescent curved ascending

main-nerves ; length 5 to 8 in.; breadth 1-5 to 3 in.; petioles ‘6 in.,

densely rusty-pubescent. Stipules caducous. Cyme solitary, terminal,

3-branched, on a pubescent peduncle from ‘3 to ‘6 in. long (much

longer in fruit), branches bearing 3 to 5 sessile flowers in capitula at

their apices; bracteoles linear. Flowers -25 in. long, rusty-pubescent.

Calyx half-superior, campanulate, the mouth with 5 long, spreading,

ovate-acuminate lobes. Corolla longer than the calyx, salver-shaped,

with 5 oblong lobes. F'rwit ovoid, tapering to the apex, crowned by

the long lobes of the calyx, the sides puberulous, 10-ridged. Seeds

with 4 ridges on the dorsal surface, the ventral plane.

PENANG: Curtis 2695.

25. PSYCHOTRIA RHINOCEROTIS, Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 961. A

shrub ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, at first rusty-tomen-

tose, afterwards glabrescent and pale brown. Leaves coriaceous,

obovate-oblong or obovate-oblanceolate, the apex broad, but usually

with a small abrupt apiculus, the base cuneate; upper surface oliva-

ceous, glabrous, the lower brown and softly and finely rusty-pubescent ;

the midrib broad, more prominent on the upper than on the lower

surface; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, slightly curved, oblique, distinct on

both surfaces ; length 3 to 5 in.; breadth 1:35 to 2:5 in. ; petiole -2 to °6

in., stout. Panicle solitary, terminal, 1°5 in. long and slightly wider ;

branches few, lax, divaricate, cymosely few-flowered. rwit elliptic-

ovoid, slightly compressed, with 10 vertical grooves (2 of them

double), crowned by the rather broad, bluntly 5-toothed calyx,

acutely 10-ridged (2 ridges double), pubescent between the ridges;

length -25 in.; breadth ‘2 in. Seeds dorsally 4-ridged, ventral surface

plane. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. III. 292; DC. Prod. IV. 521; Korth.

Kruidk. p. 242.

Perak: King’s Collector 8272 ; Scortechini.

26. PsycHOTRIA MALAYANA, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. 3; reprinted in

Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. (1843), p. 26. A shrub; young branches

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 19

rather thinner than a goose-quill, sub-terete, glabrous, rather pale

brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or broadly elliptic-lan-

ceolate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, much narrowed to the base;

upper surfaces glabrous, brown, shining when dry, the lower dull and

sparsely pubescent, often tinged reddish, the edges slightly recurved ;

main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, ascending, little curved, bold on the lower

surface and faint on the upper; length 5 to 10 in.; breadth 2°5 to

45 in.; petioles -4 to 15 in. Stipules broadly ovate, blunt, about

*35 in. long. Cyme terminal, on an angled, sub-compressed peduncle

-*d to 1 in. long (lengthening in fruit), the branches corymbose, whorled,

many-flowered ; ultimate cymules 3-flowered. Flowers ‘5 in. long,

2 on each cymule, on short pedicels (the middle one sessile), minutely

bracteolate at the base. Calyx under ‘1 in. long, tubular, the truncate

mouth minutely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, -4 in. long, with 5 oblong

sub-acute lobes ; the throat villous inside. Fruit -4 in. long and °3 in.

in diam., elliptic-ovoid, vertically 10-ridged, the apex with very slight

remains of the calyx. Seeds faintly 4-ridged on the dorsal, the

ventral surface plane with a faint central groove. DC. Prod. IV. 520.

P. auwrantiaca, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., IT. 165;

Blume Bijdr. 962; Wall. Cat. 8335. Grumelia aurantiaca and

Chasaha expansa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 296 and 281.

SrneGAPpore: fizdley 6468, 8422; Hullett 904. Panana: Ridley

2197. Perak: King’s Collector 6327, 7168; Wray 2956; Scortechina

307.—Distrip. Borneo, Java.

The corolla of this is larger than that of any other Malayan species of Psychotria,

being about -4 in. long when dry.

Species ImperFectty Known.

27. PsycHotria WRrayI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small shrub,

glabrous except the inflorescence ; young branches as thick as a swan’s-

quill, terete, dark-coloured when dry. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate-

elliptic, shortly acuminate, gradually narrowed from about the middle

to the short, partially winged petiole; both surfaces dark olivaceous-

brown when dry, the midrib rather prominent; main-nerves 13 to 15

pairs, oblique, almost straight, thin but pale and rather distinct on the

lower surface, indistinct on the upper; length 6 or 7in.; breadth 2 to

2°5 in.; petiole about -5 in., winged above. Stipules broadly ovate,

sub-acute, the edges coarsely ciliate, 5 in. long. Cymes terminal, on

short peduncles, bracteate at the base, umbelliform, widely spreading,

about 4 in. broad and only half as long; the branches 4-angled, sub-

compressed, pubescent, divergent. Flowers crowded at the extremities

of the branchlets, -25 in. long, on short thick pedicels. Calyx deeply

20 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cupular, with 5 broad, shallow blunt teeth. Corolla much longer than

the calyx, widely tubular; lobes 5, blunt, broadly ovate, reflexed, the

throat with a little short hair. Amnthers 5, narrowly elliptic, blunt, on

short filaments, almost basitixed, exserted by the reflexion of the lobes

of the corolla. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Wray 3959 ; King’s Collector 2755.

28. PsYCHOTRIA INHQUALIS, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

unbranched shrub; the stem thinner than a goose-quill, deciduously

puberulous, only a foot high, brown when dry. Leaves thickly mem-

branous, those of a pair somewhat unequal in size, elongate-obovate,

the smaller one oblong-elliptic, all abruptly and shortly acuminate, the

base cuneate ; upper surface glabrous, minutely pitted when dry; the

lower with many coarse pale-brown, crisped, flattened hairs on the mid-

rib and nerves, and a few pale appressed hairs on the interspaces ; mid-

rib broad and channelled on both surfaces, as are also the 10 to 13 pairs

of pale ascending, slightly curved main-nerves; length 6 to 10 in.;

breadth 2°5 to 5 in.; petiole ‘5 to -75 in., stout. Stipules narrowly

ovate, acuminate, pubescent, ‘65 in. long. Cyme solitary, terminal, 2 to

3°5 in. long (including the 1 to 2 in. peduncle), pyramidal, everywhere

rusty-puberulous, the branches opposite, many-flowered, and with broad

abruptly acuminate bracts; the lowest pair exceeding 1 in. in length,

reflexed; branchlets divaricate. Flowers :1 in. long, on short stout

pedicels. Calyx small, tubular; its lobes broadly triangular. Corolla

not much longer than the calyx, its lobes linear with moniliform bluish

hairs at their bases and on the throat. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Scortechim 279.

29. PsycHOTRIA CONDENSA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

woody shrub ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, the nodes

close together and slightly thickened, the internodes striate, at first

scurfy-puberulous but afterwards glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, nar-

rowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ;

upper surface when dry very dark brown, the lower paler and tinged

with olivaceous, the midrib prominent and pale; the 5 or 6 pairs of

oblique main-nerves visible beneath but not above; length 1 to 1-25 in. ;

breadth 3 to ‘5 in.; petiole 05 in. Stepules broadly triangular, acumi-

nate, nearly ‘1 in. long. OUmbel cymose, 3-branched, terminal, shorter

than the leaves; each branch with 3 unequally pedicillate flowers.

Flowers not seen. Fruit globular-ovoid, with 2 prominent furrowed

vertical ridges and several obscure ones between them, crowned by the

5-toothed calyx; length -2 in.; breadth -15 in. Seeds with one pro-

minent dorsal ridge, ventral surface flat.

Perak: Scortechin.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 21

Order LX. VALERIANE/L,

Herbaceous (as regards the Indo-Malayan species). Leaves oppo-

site, exstipulate, their bases often connected by an interpetiolar line or

ridge ; entire, pinnatifid or pinnate. lowes sessile, in cymes, usually

hermaphrodite but sometimes polygamous or dicecious, bracteate.

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb in the flower small, in the

fruit often enlarged or pappose. Corolla superior, gamopetalous, its

tube cylindric or gibbous or spurred at the base; the limb with 3 to 5

imbricate lobes, often irregular. Stamens 1 to 4, on the tube, usually

exserted. Ovary inferior with a single perfect, l-ovuled cell, and 2

barren empty cells; style filiform ; stigma 2- or 3-lobed or entire ; ovule

in the fertile cell pendulous from the apex of the loculus. frat inde-

hiscent, dry, 1l-seeded, the 2 barren cells enlarged or represented by

narrow ridges. Seed pendulous, with very little or no albumen ;

embryo straight, radicle superior.—Distris. About 350 species, in

temperate climates; generally diffused, but absent from Australia and

South Africa. :

VALERIANA, Linn.

Perennial herbs. Leaves entire, pinnatifid or pinnate, the radical

often undivided and with long petioles. Flowers in cymes, corymbosely

paniculate ; bracts small, oblong or linear, free or nearly so, persistent.

Calyz-limb in flower obsolete, in fruit developing into a ring of from

5 to 15 feathery bristles, united at their bases into a short funnel-shaped

tube. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, its base often sub-gibbous; limb

with 5 spreading lobes, both tube and limb pink or white. Stamens 3.

Ovary 3-celled, only 1 cell containing 1 ovule; stigma sub-entire or

shortly 3-fid. Fruit oblong, plano-convex, with 6 ribs, 1-celled; the

2 barren cells obsolete, crowned by the persistent pappose calyx.

—Distrris. About 180 species in moist temperate regions.

VALERIANA Harpwicki, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey &

Wall. I. 166. oot fibrous. Stem erect, 1 to 3 feet high, pubescent

below, mostly glabrous upwards but pilose or barbate at the nodes.

Radical leaves ovate, acute, on long petioles; stem leaves unequally

pinnatifid, the segments 3 to 5, the upper the longest, all lanceolate or

ovate-lanceolate and irregularly toothed. Pamicles lax, often as much

as a foot long, the branches dichotomous, with small subulate bracteoles

at the forks; fruit hairy. Wall. Cat. 432, Pl. As. Rar. 39, t. 263;

Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 159; DC. Prod. IV. 640; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl.

Br. Ind. IIT. 213. V. Hardwickiana, Roem. & Schult., Syst. I., Mant.

259. V. tenera, Wall. Cat. 435; DC. Mem. Valer. 16; Prod. IV. 640.

22 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

V. elata, Don Prodr. 159. V. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 919. V. acwmi-

nata, Royle Ill. Him. Bot. 241.

At high elevations on the central ridge in Perak, this is said to occur, but I have:

seen no specimens.

Order LXI. COMPOSITA.

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent, rarely trees. Leaves alter-

nate, rarely opposite or whorled; simple or sometimes compound

exstipulate. Florets numerous, small, aggregated in centripetal heads,

sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle (receptacle); the heads sur-

rounded by an involucre of 1- or more-seriate, free or connate bracts ;

bracteoles none or reduced to paleate scales or bristles on the recep-

tacle ; individual florets all tubular (head discoid), or the outer or all

ligulate (head rayed) ; all bi-sexual or the inner bi-sexual or male, the

outer female or neuter; sometimes dicecious. Sepals connate in a

calyx-tube, adnate to the ovary; lmb none, or composed of hairs

(pappus) or scales. Petals connate in a corolla of two forms: (a)

tubular or campanulate, with 4—5-lobed limb ; lobes valvate with mar-

ginal nerves; (0) ligulate with lobes elongated and connate in a strap-

shaped or elliptic ligule. Disk epigynous. Stamens 4-5, inserted

within the corolla-tube; filaments usually free; anthers basifixed,

usually connate (syngenesious); connective produced upwards; cells.

simple or tailed at the base; pollen sub-globose, rough. Parsi] an

inferior 1-celled ovary ; ovule solitary, basal, erect, anatropous, nucleus.

with one coat; style slender, normally 2-fid; the arms (sometimes)

connate, linear or sub-terete, naked or pubescent externally or tipped

by pubescent cones ; the margins stigmatic. Frwt a dry indehiscent

achene (cypsela). Seed erect; testa membranous; albumen none;

embryo straight; cotyledons plano-convex; radicle short.—DistTRIB.

Universal; genera about 1,000; species about 8,000.

Corollas of all the florets either tubular to near the mouth or the

marginal row ligulate; style-arms long, distinct, or very short,

or the style sub-entire in the sterile florets of heads with hetero-

gamous florets; stems sometimes woody; leaves alternate or

opposite ; sap never milky :—

Florets red, purple, or white, never yellow; all similar (homo-

gamous) and tubular, or rarely (Hlephantopus) cleft laterally ;

involucre of bracts always more than 1-seriate; pappus pre-

sent, usually setaceous, receptacle naked or rarely (Ageratum)

paleaceous :—

Anthers cleft at the base and appendiculate at the apex;

style-arms subulate, hairy ; leaves alternate (Vernoniee) :—

Heads distinct, many-flowered; pappus long, copious,

cypselas ribbed... ae a0 .. 1, VERNONIA.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Heads 1- or few-flowered, crowded into dense clusters

resembling single heads; pappus chatty

Anthers sub-entire at the base, either truncate or wopandien:

late at the apex; leaves opposite at any rate below

(Eupatoriee) :—

Anthers truncate at the apex

Anthers appendiculate at the apex :—

Pappus paleaceous, receptacle sometimes paleaceous ..

Pappus of slender hairs; receptacle always naked ;

bracts of involucre 4 with sometimes a small outer

one; scandent ac

Florets, if homogamous and tubular, eeilowe 5 thi Heieroeamione:

at least those of the disk yellow; or if none of the florets

yellow (Zmilia) then with the bracts of the involucre 1-seriate

Anthers appendiculate at the apex (Asteroidee) :—

Receptacle naked, smooth, or pitted; sometimes, when

pitted, the edge of the pit fimbriate :—

Bracts of involucre in two rows :—

Anthers sub-entire at the base; florets all tubular,

those of the disk purple, of the ray filiform, yellowish

or white; pappus none or of 2 bristles; heads small

in lax panicled cymes, bracts of involucre in two

series; erect herbs ke F

Bracts of the involucre many-seriate, leaves alter-

nate :—

Anthers obtuse and entire at the base; florets of disk

tubular with wide limb; those of the ray filiform-

tubular or tubular only at the base, expanding into

small yellowish ligules; pappus copious and silky;

heads in dense corymbose panicles ; climbers

Anthers cleft at the base; style-arms of hermaphro-

_ dite flower filiform, linear, or obtuse, or those of the

sterile flowers undivided (Inwloidee) :—

Flower-heads medium-sized; separate, solitary, or

in corymbose or paniculate cymes, not in globose

clusters, if clustered the cypselas with copious soft

pappus :—

Herbs; bracts of involucre narrow ; flowers not

corymbose :—

Anther-cells tailed at the base, the tails of

adjacent anthers confluent

Anther-cells sagittate at the base, not failed

or connate.. oe -

Shrubs; bracts of involucre broads Hower

corymbose ..

Flower-heads small, Mustered in dence Craton or

globose masses ; herbs with winged stems; pappus

none a .

Bracts.of the involucre 1- dorintey sub- sans free or

united, with sometimes a few short outer bractlets

2. ELEPHANTOPUS.

3. ADENOSTEMMA,

4, AGERATUM.

5. MIKantia.

6. DICHROCEPHALA.

7. MiIcROGLOSSA.

8. BLuMEA.

9. LAGGERA.

. 10. PLucHEA.

. 11. SPH#RANTHUS.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(calyculus) at their bases ; heads homogamous; anther-

cells sub-entire at the base; receptacle naked (Sene-

cionid@) :—

Leaves alternate; pappus of fine hairs, style-arms of

hermaphrodite flowers truncate or obtuse, penicillate

or with a hairy tip :—

Heads ebracteate ; florets purple a6

Heads bracteolate ; florets yellow

Receptacles paleaceous; anthers sub-entire at the ase

bracts of involucre 1- to many-seriate; heads usually

radiate, heterogamous ; style-arms truncate or appendicu-

late, or those of the sterile florets entire; pappus of 2 to

4 arms or paleaceous or absent; leaves at the base of the

stem usually opposite, those higher up opposite or alter-

nate (Helianthoidee) :—

Pappus of only 4 bristly awns, or cup-like or absent :—

Cypselas all thick, or those of the ray-florets 3-angled

and those of the disc laterally compressed ; pappus

cup-like or composed of 2 to 3 stiff chaffy or bristly

arms, with or without intermediate smaller scales or

altogether absent; leaves usually opposite :—

Inner bracts of the involucre embracing and en-

closing the cypselas of the fertile ray-florets ;

pappus absent, outer bracts of involucre 5, glan-

dular

Inner bracts of the iamelmere all fiat, scales of

receptacle flat, very narrow, usually few; disk-

florets 4—-5-fid, ligules small; pappus absent, or

if present shortly 2-awned; outer bracts of invo-

lucre numerous 0

Scales of the reoeniacloe concave or “competed

more or less enclosing and embracing the disk

florets :—

Cypselas not winged, compressed or 3-5-angled,

ray-florets yellow with large ligules; disk-cyp-

selas with 1 or 2 short deciduous awns; leaves

all opposite ..

Cypselas of the disk- fonts eto winged on

the margins, laterally compressed ; heads small;

leaves always opposite

Cypselas more or less depressed from the fer pupae

of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) bristles or absent :—

Outer bracts of the involucre almost equal; herba-

ceous; inner bracts separate, almost resembling

the scales of the receptacle; ray-florets fertile;

leaves opposite :—

Cypselas flat, their margins lacerate and winged ;

. 18. SYNEDRELLA.

pappus composed of bristles

Outer bracts of the involucre few, small; inner

bracts connate below, membranous :—

. 12. Ewrta.

. 13. GyNURA.

. 14. SreGESBECEIA.

15. Ecurpta.

. 16. WEDELTA.

. 17. SPILANTHES.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 25

Cypselas not beaked; leaves opposite, simple to

pinnatisect .. .. 19. BIDENs.

Pappus of membranous sealee? heads eaaiate leaves

opposite :—

Scales of pappus feathery, one Nis heads medium-

sized . : -- 20. Triax.

Anthers a pearilicnlate at the apex; deenaiarle (in our

species) not paleaceous; pappus absent or reduced to a

raised rim, rarely scaly and short; leaves usually alter-

nate (Anthemidee) :-—

Flower-heads discoid, heterogamous ; pappus absent :—

Florets of the circumference very numerous; cypselas

flat or concave at the top; flower-heads globose or

hemispheric, sub-sessile ; bracts of involucre in 2 series,

spreading in fruit .. .. 21. CENTIPEDA.

Florets of the circumference pone heads very small, in

racemes or panicles; cypselas ellipsoid or obovoid,

rounded at the apex a: .. 22. ARTEMISIA.

Corollas of all the florets flatly expanited from a tubular base,

ligulate, their apices 5-toothed; leaves radical or cauline and

alternate, never opposite; stem always herbaceous, fistulose ;

sap milky (Cichoriee) :—

Pappus of simple hair-like bristles, at least in the central

florets; florets yellow, eypselas fusiform or oblong, with

glabrous or puberulous ribs 56 oe .. 23, CrEpis.

Norre.—The above key is taken mainly from ‘‘ Bengal Plants,” by Lieut.-Col. D.

Prain, F.R.S., Superintendent, Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

1. VeRNonrIA, Schreb.

Herbs, shrubs, climbers or small trees. Leaves alternate, penni-

nerved, entire or dentate. Heads axillary or terminal, solitary or in

cymes or panicles, homogamous; flowers often few, but very rarely

solitary. Involucre ovoid, globose or hemispheric, as long as or shorter

than the flowers; bracts in many series, the inner longest. Receptacle

naked or pitted, sometimes with short hairs. Corollas all equal, tubular,

slender; lobes 5, narrow. Anther-bases obtuse, sagittate. Style-arms

subulate, acute, hairy. Cypselas striate, ribbed or angled, rarely terete,

truncate at the apex; pappus of many hairs, usually in two rows, the

inner hairs thin and slender, the outer sometimes stout and com-

pressed, persistent or deciduous.—Distris. About 500 species, mostly

American.

A large shrub or small tree ; leaves sub-coriaceous ; involucral bracts

obtuse oe Z nt .. 1. V. arborea.

Herbaceous annuals ; Genes svenibeainous ; avelucedt bracts acumi-

nate :—

Heads few, °35 in. in diam., in long-peduncled cymes.. .. 2. V. chinensis.

26 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Heads numerous, ‘2 to ‘25 in. in diam., in loose terminal corym-

bose cymes ae ve ad Ba .. 3. V. cinerea.

1. VERNONIA ARBOREA, Buch.-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 218.

A tree, 30 to 60 feet high; young branches as thick as a goose-quill or

thinner, at first covered, like the under surfaces of the leaves and

branches of the inflorescence, with short rusty tomentum, sometimes

glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves sub-coriaceous, entire, elliptic ovate or

ovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate ;

upper surface glabrous, or nearly so, except the midrib, the reticulations

minute and distinct; main-nerves 8 to 14 pairs, spreading, interarching,

bold and distinct on the lower surface, more faint on the upper; length

3°5 to 6 in.; breadth 1:75 to 2°75 in.; petioles ‘75 to 1:25 in., pubes-

cent. Heads 2- to 5-flowered, collected in large open terminal panicles

much longer than the leaves. Jnvolucral bracts few, small, oblong,

obtuse, less than half as long as the flowers, pubescent, concave, per-

sistent. Corolla glabrous, bluish. Cypselas not conspicuously ribbed,

short, truncate ; pappus in a single row, tuberculate, white tinged with

ochraceous, persistent. DC. Prod. V. 22; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 80;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 23; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 239. Vernonia

javanica, Blumeana and celebica, DC. lc. 21, 22; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 9, 10. Hupatorwwm celebicwum and javanicum, Blume Bijdr. 903.

Conyza acuminata and arborea, Wall. Cat. 30344 and 3074.

Matacca: Griffith. Stncapore: Lobb; Ridley 2735, 2739, 9478 ;

Maingay (K.D.) 948, 949, 950. Prnanea: Curtis 2,926. Nercri Szemu-

BILAN: fizdley 10087. Snuanaor: Ridley. Perak: Wray 2240, 2442;

King’s Collector, many Numbers; Scortechim.—Distris. Ceylon,

Malay Archipelago, Philippines, China.

2. VERNONIA CHINENSIS, Less. in Linnea, VI. 674. An erect annual

with divaricate, softly puberulous to tomentose, angled branches. Leaves

alternate, sessile or petiolate, membranous, ovate elliptic elliptic-lan-

ceolate or oblanceolate, narrowed at the base, sub-serrate or entire.

Heads few, :35 in. in diam., in lax, few-branched, axillary and terminal,

open puberulous cymes, on slender peduncles longer than the leaves:

15- to 30-flowered. Involucral bracts not numerous, lanceolate, awned

or acute, usually at first pubescent outside, inside glabrous, shining,

1-nerved; longer than the glabrous or glabrescent corollas. Cypselas

less than 1 in. long, 4- or 5-ribbed, glabrous. Pappus scanty, white.

Clarke Comp. Ind. 78; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 235. V. albicans,

DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prod. V. 26 (in part). Cyanopis pubescens

and C. villosa, DC. Prod. V. 69. Conyza chinensis, Lamk. Dict. II. 83

(not of Linn.). C. punctulata, Wall. Cat. 2995. Hupatorvwm menthe-

folium, Wall. Cat. Cynanthilliwm villosum and C. pubescens, Blume.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 27

Bijdr. 889 and 890. Centratherwm chinense, Less. in Linnea (1829)

320. Synanthera, Wall. Cat. 7136.

Penana: J. Scott; Curtis 931; King; Deschamps ; Matacca:

Cuming; Griffith; Hullett 634. Sinaarore: King.—Distrip. Malay

Archipelago, Philippines.

3. VERNONIA CINEREA, Less. in Linnea, IV. 291, and VI. 673.

Herbaceous, erect, 6 to 18 in. high, with more or less minute whitish

pubescence everywhere ; stems slender, striate. Leaves membranous

with variable petioles, ovate or lanceolate, sometimes obovate or oblan-

ceolate, the apex obtuse or acute, the edges obtusely or acutely toothed,

the base narrowed, both surfaces olivaceous-cinereous when dry, the

upper glabrous or nearly so, the lower more or less cinereous-pubes-

cent ; length 1:5 to 3 in.; breadth ‘3 to ‘5 in.; petiole -1 to ‘5 in. (in

the lower leaves). Heads :2 to ‘25 in. in diam., on 10- to 20-flowered,

loose, terminal, long-peduncled, corymbose cymes with divaricate

branches ; bracts of peduncle very few. Jnvolucral scales linear-lan-

ceolate, acuminate or almost awned, shorter than the florets, 1-nerved,

‘1 in. long, densely pubescent. Corolla pubescent, the tube very narrow

lavender. Cypselas minute; pappus copious, dirty white, the outer row

very short. DC. Prod. V. 24, in Wight Contrib. 6; Wall. Cat. 3008 ;

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 234; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IJ. 11; Prain

Bengal Plants, 590. V. conyzoides, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prod.

V. 25. V. rhomboidea and V. montana, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soe.

XX. 62. V. albicans, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6 (im part); Wight

Ic. 1076. V. abbreviata and leptophylla, DC. le. 25. V. laxiflora,

Less. in Linnea, VI. 646; DC. le. 25. V. physalifolia, DC. in

Wight Contrib. 6; Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 24. V. parviflora, lincfolia,

and fasciculata, Reinw. in Bl. Bijdr. 893. V. Zollingeriana, Schultz-

Bip. in Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 16. V. cyanonioides, Walp. in Linnea

XIV. 509. Conyza abbreviata, Wall. Cat. 3048; C. bellidifolia, id.

3047; cinerascens, 3062; incana, 3046; lincfolia, 3063; elegantula, 3049 ;

ovata, 3097, and swb-simplex, 3003. OC. cinerea, Linn. Sp. Pl. 862;

Wall. Cat. 3008. C. prolefera and C. heterophylla, Lam. Encyl. II. 84.

Serratula cinerea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 60. Chrysocoma purpurea, Forst.

Prod. 54. C. violacea, Schum. Pl. Guin. 384. Cyanopis decurrens,

Zoll.

In all the provinces, in waste places near cultivation.—DIstTRIB.

All tropical countries.

2. ELEPHANTOPUS, Linn.

Perennial rigid herbs. Leaves alternate, sessile, penninerved, entire

or dentate, mostly radical. Heads homogamous, each containing 1 to 5

28 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flowers, and collected into ovoid or globose clusters, surrounded by

several large leafy bracts. Involucre-proper compressed, its component

bracts oblong, acute, about 8, dry, stiff, unequal, alternately flat and

conduplicate; receptacle naked. Flowers all equally 4-lobed, and cleft

on one side, and with the lobes spreading in a somewhat palmate

manner. Anthers obtusely sagittate at the base. Style-arms subulate.

Cypselas truncate, 10-ribbed; bristles of pappus few, rigid, shining,

slender and dilated below or chaffy.—Distrrs. 10 or 12 species,

chiefly tropical American—one cosmopolitan.

ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER, Linn. Sp. Pl., 814. Stems dichotomous,

from a few inches to 2 feet high, terete, finely strigose. Leaves

membranous, the radical ones obovate, oblong to elliptic-oblong, taper-

ing to the short petiole, the edges dentate or crenate, up to 6 in. in

length and 1:25 to 2:5 in. broad; the cauline few, smaller, sessile, both

sets scabrid on the upper surface and finely strigose on the lower;

main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs in the cauline, more numerous in the radical

leaves, all slightly prominent on the lower surface. Collective heads

hemispheric, -5 to ‘75 in. in diam., solitary, terminal, on long peduncles.

Bracts of the conjoined heads 3, leaf-like, about °5 in. broad, broadly

ovate or reniform, apiculate, nervose and pubescent behind ; bracts of

the involucre-proper shining, glabrous ; pappus of 5 shining tuberculate

bristles, dilated at the base. Wall. Cat. 2979; DC. Prod. V. 86; Roxb.

Fl. Ind. III. 445; Don Prod. 169; Wight Ic. 1086; Clarke Comp.

Ind. 28; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 242; Prain Bengal Plants, 590.

In all the provinces, in cultivated places.—Distris. In most tropical

countries.

3. ADENOSTEMMA, Forst.

Herbs, glandular-pubescent or glabrous. Leaves mostly opposite,

petiolate. Heads homogamous, in lax corymbose cymes; involucre

campanulate ; its bracts numerous, sub-2-seriate, narrow, herbaceous,

sometimes connate ; receptacle flat, naked. Corollas all equal, tubular,

regular, with short tube and campanulate 5-toothed limb. Anthers

truncate, with glandular apiculus, their bases obtuse. Style-arms

elongate, dilated near the apex. Cypselas obtuse, 5-ribbed, glandular ;

pappus of 3 to 5 short rigid, often clavate hairs, joined at their bases

by a narrow ring—Distrip. Species 5 or 6 American, 1 cosmopolitan.

ADENOSTEMMA viscosum, Forst. Char. Gen. 20. An erect, rarely —

decumbent annual, slender or robust, glabrous; pubescent or viscidly

pubescent. Leaves membranous, sessile or petiolate, opposite or the

upper alternate, from linear to broadly ovate, acute sub-acute cuneate

or cordate at the base, the edges serrate crenate or entire, the upper

surface usually smooth but sometimes rugose ; length from 2 to 6 in. ;

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 29

petioles varying in length. Heads ‘3 to ‘4 in. in diam., in lax corym-

bose, pedunculate cymes. IJnvolucral bracts oblong, obtuse or acute,

glabrous, glandular or scabrid. Corollas white, pubescent near the

mouth, styles much exserted, the arms clavate. Cypselas usually

warted, crowned by a glandular ring, bearing pedicellate lobed glands.

DC. Prod. V. 111; Clarke Comp. Ind. 28; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

242; Prain Bengal Plants, 591.

In all the provinces, but not abundant in any of them.—DisrTr1B.

The tropics generally.

In the Flora of British India, III. 242, Sir Joseph Hooker recognises seven varieties

of this widely distributed and variable species. And to one or other of these he

reduces the following eleven species of De Candolle: A. fastigiatum, DC. Prod. V. 111,

A. leiocarpum, A. Roylei, A. elatum, A. latifolium, l.c. p. 112, A. macrophyllum, A.

parviflorum, A. reticulatum, A. viscosum, A. madurense, A. erectum, l.c.p. 113. He

also reduces here the following: Ageratwm aquaticum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 415; A.

strictum, Bot. Mag. t. 2410; Lavenia fastigiata, macrophylla and parviflora, Blume

Bijdr. pp. 905 and 906; and the following Nos. of the Wallichian Catalogue, viz.,

Lavenia erecta, 3218; carnosa, 3219; alba, 3220; rugosa, 3221; viscida, 3222.

4, Acrratum, Linn.

Hrect herbs. Leaves opposite in the lower part of the stem, alter-

nate inthe upper. Heads in panicles or corymbs, homogamous. Invo-

lucre narrowly campanulate; its bracts in 2 or 3 series, linear, subequal ;

receptacle convex, naked or with deciduous scales. Corollas all tubular,

equal, regular, the limb 5-cleft. Anthers with slight apical appendages,

their bases obtuse. Style-arms elongate, obtuse. Cypselas 5-angled ;

pappus of 5 short, free or connate scales, or of 10 to 20 narrow, unequal

scales.—DistRis. About 20 species, all probably American, several

introduced in the Tropics of the Old World.

AGERATUM CONYZOIDES, Linn. Sp. Pl. 839. Annual, 1 to 2

feet high, everywhere with sparse white, rather soft pubescence.

Leaves membranous, ovate, sub-acute, the base broad and sub-truncate,

sometimes cuneate ; the edges coarsely crenate or dentate; both sur-

faces greenish when dry, the upper sparsely hispid ; the lower glabrous,

boldly reticulate; main-nerves about 2 or 3 pairs, ascending, curved,

the lower one branching; length 1 to 3°5 in. Heads -25 in. in diam.,

in terminal or axillary corymbose cymes. Jnvolucral bracts shorter

than the flowers, narrowly lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, puberulous.

Corollas pale blue or white. Cypselas black; pappus of 5 shining,

spreading scales, with broad, often serrate bases. DC. Prod. V. 108 ;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 30; Wall. Cat. 3176; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

243; Prain Bengal Plants, 591. A. cordifoliwm, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III.

415; Wall. Cat. 3177.

30 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

In all the provinces, in cultivated places—Distris. The tropics

generally.

5. Mrxanta, Willd.

A twining herb (in Indo-Malaya). Leaves opposite, petiolate. Heads

small, in spikes racemes or panicles, homogamous, usually 4-flowered.

Inwolucre oblong, its bracts 4, narrow, sometimes with a small outer

one; receptacle small, naked. Corollas all equal, regular, tubular, the

tube narrow; the limb campanulate, 5-fid. Anthers appendiculate, the

base obtuse. Style-arms long, acute. Cypselas with truncate apices,

5-angled; pappus with one or more rows of scabrid hairs, often con-

nate at the base.—DistRip. About 60 species, all in the warm parts of

America and Africa except the following.

MIKANIA SCANDENS, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1743. A glabrous or puberulous

climber ; young branches less than half as thick as a goose-quill, brown

and striate when dry. Leaves membranous, on long petioles, ovate,

acuminate ; the base broad, cordate, often almost sagittate, the edges

sinuate; main-nerves a single pair, ascending from the base and

branching outwards ; length 1 to 2 in.; breadth ‘6 to 1:25 in. ; petioles

‘5 to 1 in., slender. Heads narrow, 4-flowered, in lax corymbose cymes,

on slender peduncles much longer than the leaves, peduncles and

branches angled when dry, puberulous. Scales of involucre chaffy,

narrowly oblong, obtuse. Cypselas glabrous; pappus reddish. DC.

Prod. V. 199; Clarke Comp. Ind. 34; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

244; Prain Bengal Plants, 592. M. volubilis and M. chenopodifolia,

Willd. Le. 1745; DC. 1e¢.199 and 201. Hupatortwm scandens, Linn. ;

Jacq. Ic. t. 169.

In all the provinces, common.—Distris. British India, Malay

Archipelago, Tropical Africa.

6. DiIcHROCEPHALA, DC.

Annuals, with alternate toothed lyrate or pinnatifid leaves. Heads

small, heterogamous, globose or hemispheric, not rayed, in panicles;

Outer florets 2, in many rows, slender, fertile, rigid, 2-3-toothed or

cleft. Disk-florets 3, fertile, narrow, 4- or 5-toothed. Anthers with

truncate bases. Style-arms of % florets short, flattened, the tips

lanceolate ; pappus none or (in the 8 ) of 2 minute bristles.—DrstTRis.

Species 5, Asiatic and African.

DICHROCEPHALA LATIFOLIA, DC. in Guill. Archiv. Bot. II. 518. An

annual weed, 12 to 24 in. high, erect or spreading, glabrous pubescent

or villous. Leaves. very variable, ovate lanceolate or obovate, entire

pinnatifid or lyrate, with the terminal lobe broadly ovate and coarsely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 31

toothed ; length 1 to 4 in.; petioles -25 to 1:25 in. Heads about :15 in.

in diam., globose, on pedicels many times longer than themselves,

in lax, few-branched, cymose panicles. ay-florets ¢@, filiform,

obscurely 2-3-toothed, white. Dvisk-florets %, 4-cleft, yellow. Cypselas

very small, smooth, with a callous margin, and often with 2 small

pact Oe. in Wieht) ‘Contrib, 11) Prod. VW. 372); Wight Te

1096=) Clarke Comp. Ind. 36; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. TIT. 245. D.

gracilis and D. sonchifola, DC. lc. 371, 3872. Cotula sinapifolia,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 63, Fl. Ind. III. 437; Wall. Cat. 3237. C. bicolor,

Roth Cat. Bot. II. 116. C. latifolia, Pers. Syn. II. 464. Grangea

latifolia, Lam. Ill. t. 699. Hippia bicolor, Smith in Rees Cyclop.

XVIII. Hihulsa wtegrifolia, Don Prodr. 182.

Perak: Scortechint.cDistrip. British India, tropical and sub-

tropical Asia and Africa.

7. Microatossa, DC.

Slender shrubs, often scandent. Leaves alternate, entire. Heads

small, heterogamous, collected in large corymbose panicles. Hay-florets

? , in 1 or more series, fertile, the ligule minute, white. Disk-florets few

or many, %, fertile, tubular, with dilated 3- to 4-fid limb. IJnvolucre

campanulate, composed of several series of narrow bracts, the outer

shorter. eceptacle flat, naked or nearly so. Corolla, the ligulate or

ray ones narrow, about as long as the style; those of the disk (the

tubular) longer. Anthers with obtuse bases, entire. Style-arms of the

$ flattened ; their tips long, lanceolate. Cypselas angled ; pappus hairs

numerous, slender, silky, in one or two series, somewhat unequal.—

Distris. About 6 species, Asiatic and African.

MicroGnossa vonusitis, DC. Prod. V. 320. A sub-scandent shrub;

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, ridged, glabrous. Leaves mem-

branous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded, the

edges obscurely toothed ; both surfaces brown when dry, glabrous, the

lower sometimes slightly pubescent; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, little

curved, ascending, prominent beneath; length 1:5 to 2 in.; breadth -65

to 1:25 in.; petioles -25 to -4 in., slender. Heads ‘35 in. in diam., on

short peduncles, crowded in dense corymbose terminal cymes, much

longer than the leaves. Cypselas compressed, 4-angled, puberulous ;

pappus copious, reddish, much longer than the minute achenes. Clarke

Comp. Ind. 57; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. IJ. 82; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

TIL. 257. Conyza volubilis, Wall. Cat. 3057. Hrigeron pyrifolius,

Benth. Fl. Hongk., 176.

Perak: Frdley 2890; Wray 2472. Prnane: Wallich 3057.

—Distris. British India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China.

32 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

8. Buumega, DC.

Herbs, annual or perennial, glandular-pubescent or woolly. Leaves

alternate, rarely entire, usually lobed or toothed. Heads in pani-

culate cymes, rarely in racemes, heterogamous, disciform, yellow or

purplish. ay-florets in several series, 2, fertile, filiform, 2- or 3-

toothed. Disk-florets % , few, fertile, with slender tube and 5-toothed

limb. Involucre ovoid or campanulate; its bracts in several rows,

narrow, acute, herbaceous, the outer smaller; receptacle flat, naked.

Anthers with sagittate bases produced into small slender tails. Style-

arms of the hermaphrodite flower flattened or filiform, rarely connate

with the nearest anthers. Cypselas small, sub-terete or angular, with or

without ridges; pappus hairs in a single row, slender, often caducous.

—Distris. About 60 species, in tropical and sub-tropical Asia, Africa,

and Australia.

Scandent ; pappus white ai a ie .. L. B. chinensis.

Large shrub ; pappus red et a af .. 2. B. balsamifera.

Hrect herbs ; pappus white :—

Heads in small sessile clusters of 2 or 3 in the axils of small

bracts on an elongated pseudo-spike .. 3. B. glomerata.

Heads few (1 to 6), in short, axillary, caumlareeal pedanenlure

cymes ; leaves oblanceolate or obovate, dentate but not lobed ;

flowers purple .. : 4. B. Wightiana.

Heads sessile or sub- Senile in lax, senile: benhed leary

cymose panicles; leaves oblanceolate, dentate but not lobed ;

flowers yellow .. : .. Oo. B. lacera.

Heads sessile or sub- cease in amullars) spikes doveral inches

long, arranged in a pseudo-panicle ; leaves oblanceolate, den-

tate and sometimes lobulate ; flowers yellow de .. 6. B. membranacea.

1. BuumEa cHINENSIS, DC. Prod. V. 444. Seandent; young

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, much striate and

dark brown when dry. Leaves membranous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,

acuminate or acute, narrowed to the rounded base, the edges with

remote, narrow, small sharp teeth, or sub-entire ; both surfaces glabrous,

the upper dark-brown and shining, the lower paler and tinged oliva-

ceous ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, thin but distinct

on the lower surface, faint on the upper; length 2°25 to 3:25 in.;

breadth ‘85 to 1-4 in. ; petiole -2 to 3 in. Heads ‘35 in. across, sessile,

in small pedunculate axillary cymes, 3 in. long, diminishing upwards to

‘75 in. in length ; the peduncles and their branches everywhere pubes-

cent, sometimes a small cyme with 2 to 4 heads in the same axil as a

longer one. Involucral bracts of the outer two series short, ovate-lan-

ceolate, blunt, densely pubescent, those of the inner two twice as long

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 33

(or more), linear-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous or almost glabrous,

1-nerved, longer than the copious white pappus ; corolla-lobes hairy ;

receptacle and cypselas silky, white. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 268.

Conyza chinensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 862; Blume Bijdr. 898. B. longispina,

Zoll. et Morr. Syst. Verz. 121. C. serici-vestita, Wall. Cat. 2996s.

Baccharis nitida, Wall. Cat. 3043.

Penane: Curtis 2824; Wallich 2996, 3043. Sincarore: Lidley

2744. Prrax: Scortechim 1471.

Var. riparia, King & Gamble. Young leaves and stems somewhat

hairy; main-nerves of leaves 3 to 4 pairs, depressed on the upper

surface. Blwmea riparia, DC. Prod. V. 444; Clarke Comp. Ind. 85. —

Conyza riparia, Blume Bijdr. 899.

Perak: King’s Collector 1214; Scortechini.—Distris. Java,

Borneo.

2. BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA, DC. Prod. V. 466. A shrub, 6 to 12 feet

high; young branches nearly as thick as a goose-quill, tomentose,

striate. Leaves thickly membranous or sub-coriaceous, elliptic-lanceo-

late, coarsely and unequally serrate dentate or sub-entire, acute or

sub-acute, narrowed at the base; upper surface dark olivaceous-green,

minutely tomentose or strigose, the lower surface with dense silky

cinereous-yellowish tomentum; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curved,

ascending, faint on both surfaces, but especially on the lower; length

2 to 3 in.; breadth °75 to 1-5 in. ; petioles ‘2 to ‘75 in. long, the longer ones

often with lateral auricles; in the lower part of the branches the leaves

often much larger. Heads sub-cylindric, sessile, or on short pedicels,

arranged in large, lax, and spreading or dense, often leafy, corymbose

or panicled, axillary and terminal tawny-tomentose cymes. Involucral

bracts linear, acuminate, densely tomentose ; hermaphrodite florets very

numerous in the centre, narrowly tubular; receptacle naked. Cypselas

10-ribbed, silky ; pappus copious, red. Clarke Comp. Ind. 89; Kurz

For. Fl. Burm. IJ. 82; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 270; Prain Bengal

Plants, 598. Conyza balsamefera, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. IL. 1208; Wall.

Cat. 2998; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 427. C. vesiita, Wall. Cat. 2998. C.

appendiculata Blume Bijdr. 895 (not of Lam.).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3143; Hervey. Prnana: Walker 160;

Scott; Curtes 29. Prax: Scortechin; King’s Collector 6343 ; Wray

1741. Stryeaprore: G. Thomson; Hullett 372; Ridley 2742. JOHORE:

King.—Distris. British India, Malay Archipelago.

Var. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves narrowly oblong, acute

at both ends, less than ‘5 in. broad.

SINGAPORE: Fizdley 2742.

3. BuuMEA GLomERATA, DC. in Wight Contrib. 15. An erect

34 ! Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

herb, about 18 to 24 in. high; stem at the base nearly as thick as

a goose-quill, sparsely sub-glandular-pubescent, the hairs spreading.

Leaves membranous, olivaceous, sparsely strigose on both surfaces, the

hairs on the upper surface with bulbous bases; the lower sessile,

lyrately lobed, the lobes dentate, the apex acute; the upper leaves

much smaller, lanceolate, dentate. Heads from *2 to ‘25 in. in diam.,

in small sessile clusters of 2 or 3, all in the axils of small leaf-like

bracts along the long slender branches, forming a pseudo-spike. Jnvo-

lucral bracts narrowly linear, pubescent, 1-nerved ; receptacle glabrous.

Outer florets with very slender corollas. Cypselas faintly 8—10-ribbed,

glabrous; pappus in a single row, white, shining. DC. Prod. V.

443; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 262. B. fasciculata, DC. l.c. 442;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 81. B. fistulosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

1877, II. 187. B. holosericea, racemosa, spinellosa, gracilis, purpurea,

and leptoclada, DC. l.c. 442, 443. Conyza fistulosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT.

429. Conyza racemosa, sericea, glomerata, gracilis, purpurea and

holosericea, Wall. Cat. 3002, 3021, 3055, 3064, 3076, 3103.

PenanG: Deschamps.—Distris. British India, Malay Archipelago,

China.

4, Buumesa WicutTiana, DC. in Wight Contrib. 14. An erect,

little-branched herb, 1 to 3 feet high, covered everywhere with

silky white, scanty or copious, soft, sub-adpressed hairs ; stem terete,

about as thick as a goose-quill at the base, striate, brown, and nearly

glabrous (from the fall of the hairs) when old. Leaves diminishing in

size from below upwards, thickly membranous, obovate-oblong or

elliptic-obovate, the apex acute or sub-acute, gradually narrowed from

about the middle to the short petiole; the edges with a few irregular

coarse teeth, sometimes slightly lobed ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown

when dry, and clothed, but especially the lower, with adpressed, short

white pubescence ; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, faint

on both surfaces ; length 1:25 to 3 in.; breadth ‘5 to 1:25 in. ; petioles

from ‘1 to 25 in. long or even more, sometimes auricled about the

middle. Heads paniculate, about °3 or -4 in. across, axillary, solitary or

in pairs (reduced cymes), or 4 to 6 in very short rounded axillary cymes

on peduncles of varying length, but always short, the upper few inches

of the stem crowded by a dense mass of cymes. Involucral bracts in

several rows, diminishing in size outwards, the inner linear, somewhat

longer than the pappus, all pubescent and 1-nerved; receptacle naked.

Outer florets very numerous, their corollas very slender. Inner florets

about 4, much wider than the outer. Cypselas small, puberulous ;

pappus in a single row, white. DC. Prod. V. 4385; Clarke Comp.

Ind. 74; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, II. 156 (excl. syn. hymeno-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ; 35

phylla) ; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 261. B. trichophora, parvifolia,

and phyllostachya, DC. lc. 436, 437, 438. Conyza lactucefolia,

pamculata, brfoliata, and Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3088 (i part), 3090a,

3091, 3093. Hrigeron molle, Don Prod. 172.

PENANG and SinGAPoRE: By roadsides, not common.—DiIstRIB.

British India and Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, tropical Australia and

Africa.

5. Buumea LAcEeRA, DC. in Wight Contrib. 14. An erect herb,

2 to 3 feet high; stems at the base nearly as thick as a goose-

quill, adpressed-pubescent. Leaves thickly. membranous, oblanceolate

obtuse or sub-acute, much narrowed to the petiole, the edges unequally

and remotely dentate; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the lower

somewhat the paler and with thin, pale pubescence ; the upper glabrous,

sub-scabrid ; length 1:5 to 2 in.; breadth ‘5 to 1 in.; petiole 3 to ‘5 in.

long. Heads ‘3 in. across, sub-sessile or sessile, in small rounded crowded

cymes, on slender ebracteate axillary peduncles, 1 to 2°5 in. long, sub-

tended by small leaf-like bracts, and occupying the upper half of the

stem. Involucral bracts linear-oblong, tomentose, about as long as the

pappus ; receptacle naked. Heads °4 in. across, sessile or nearly so, in

a lax, shortly-branched, leafy, cymose, pubescent panicle, 12 to 18 in.

long. Involucral bracts nearly uniform, linear, acuminate, 1-nerved,

puberulous, as long as the pappus. eceptacle slightly convex, naked.

Cypselas narrowly oblong, glabrous, not ribbed; pappus in a single

row, white. DC. Prod. V. 486; Clarke Comp. Ind. 76; Hook. fil.

Hisar ind, LT. 268. B. Musra, DC. 1.c. 435; Deless. Ic. Sel. LV.

t. 23. B. villosa, Schultz-Bip. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 2a. Conyza lacera,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 428; Wall. Cat. 3082. C. thyrsiflora, villosa, and

Musra, Ham.; Wall. Cat. sub 3082, 3083, 3095. C. lactucrfolia, DC. 1.c.

435; Wall. Cat. 3088 (a part); Burm. Fl. Ind. 180, t. 59, f. 1.

PERAK: Scortechim 141, 1430. Sinearore: Cantley; Hullett 227.

—Disrris. British India, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, China, tropical

Africa.

6. BLUMEA MEMBRANACEHA, DC. Prod. V. 440. A rigid erect herb,

1 to 2 feet high; stem at the base half as thick as a goose-quill,

minutely pubescent from base to apex, terete, striate. Leaves thinly

membranous, oblanceolate, much tapered to the base, sub-sessile, the

apex acute, the edges coarsely and often irregularly dentate, sometimes

lobulate; both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower

paler, sparsely strigose; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, spreading, faint on

both surfaces; length 2 to 3:5 in.; breadth °8 to 1:5 in.; the leaves of

the upper part of the stem smaller and bract-like. Heads ‘25 in. in

diam., sessile or sub-sessile, in spikes several inches long, from the

36 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

axils of small leaf-like bracts, arranged in a narrow pseudo-panicle

occupying the upper half of the stem. Involucral bracts linear, acumi-

nate, pubescent, 1-nerved, as long as the inner pappus. Corollas very

narrow ; receptacle naked. Cypselas small, glabrous ; pappus white, in

two rows, the outer very short. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 265. 3B.

hymenophylla, DC. 1.c. 440. Conyza membranacea and hymenophylla,

Wall. Cat. 3019, 3038. C. virens, Wall. Cat. 3037p. C. diffusa, Roxb.

Fl. Ind. III. 429.

PEnanG : Curtis 2759; Deschamps.—DistRiB. British India, Malay

Archipelago.

9. Laceera, Schultz.-Bip.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, often rigid and decur-

rent. Heads panicled or axillary, heterogamous, disciform. Outer

flowers 2, in several rows, fertile, filiform, the mouth minutely toothed.

Disk-flowers ¢, in several rows, fertile, tubular, 5-fid. Involucre cam-

panulate ; bracts many-rowed, narrow, often rigid, the outer shorter ;

receptacle flat, naked. Anthers 2-lobed or sagittate at the base; the

auricles obtuse or acute, often unequal, not tailed or connate with the

adjoining anthers. Style-arms of the hermaphrodite flowers and the

pappus as in Blumea.—Distrip. 9 or 10 species, in tropical Africa

and British India.

LacGeRA FLAVA, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 290. A glabrous or

puberulous herb, 6 to 30 in. high; stems striate, simple or corymbosely

branched. Leaves membranous, shining, glabrous; the radical some-

times on short petioles; the cauline sessile; the lower cauline oblong, |

acute, cordate and sub-amplexicaul at the base; the upper cauline

smaller and narrower than the lower, lanceolate ; all sharply and un-

equally toothed; main-nerves about 8 pairs, distinct, like the wide

reticulations. Heads few, -25 in. in diam., on slender peduncles ;

receptacle glabrous; corollas yellow; anthers sagittate. Cypselas

minute, glabrous. Clarke Comp. Ind. 90; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

III. 270. Blwmea flava, DC. Prod. V. 439. Hrigeron falcatum,

Don Prod. 172; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 191 (excl.

syn.). Conyza fasciculata, Wall. Cat. 3017.

Penane: Wallich.—Disrris. British India.

This has not been collected within our area since Wallich’s time.

10. Puhucuza, Cass.

Shrubs or herbs, tomentose or glutinous. Leaves alternate, dentate

or rarely entire, sometimes pinnatifid. Heads usually small, in ter-

minal corymbose cymes, or large and sub-solitary, heterogamous, disci-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 37

form, white yellow, or lilac. Outer florets 2, in several series, fertile,

filiform. Disk-florets ¢, few, sterile, tubular and 5-fid. Involucre

broadly ovoid or campanulate ; its bracts few or in many rows, imbri-

cate, ovate or lanceolate, dry, rigid; receptacle flat, naked. Corollas of

the ? flowers filiform, shorter than their own styles, their apices with

3 teeth; corollas of the ¢ flowers regular, tubular, the limb slightly

widened, 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate at the base, their basal auricles

tailed. Style-arms of the ¢ flowers filiform, entire or bifid. Cypselas

small, 4- or 5-angled. Hairs of pappus slender, rigid, in a single series,

free, or (in the sterile cypselas) connate in groups.—Distris. About

30 species, tropical and sub-tropical.

Prucuea inpica, Less.; DC. Prod. V. 451. A low shrub, glabrous

or nearly so; stems smooth, terete. Leaves membranous, obovate or

oblanceolate, the apex obtuse or acute, acuminate or apiculate,

narrowed to the base; edges dentate, serrate or sub-serrate; both sur-

faces olivaceous-brown when dry, glandular; main-nerves 3 to 6 pairs,

curving upwards, bold beneath; length ‘5 to 2°75 in.; breadth -3 to

1-25 in.; petioles -1 in. to °4in. long. Heads 25 in. in diam., in com-

pound terminal puberulous corymbose cymes, much longer than the

leaves ; involucral bracts few, rather broad, obtuse. lorets of the

disk 3; those of the ray numerous. Cypselas minute, ribbed, nearly

glabrous ; pappus scanty, spreading, reddish-white. Wight Ill. t. 131;

Clarke Comp. Ind. 93; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 272; Prain Bengal

Plants 600. P. foliosa, DC. le. 451. Conyza corymbosa, Roxb. Fi.

Ind. III. 426; Wall. Cat. 3009. C. imdica, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 58.

Baccharis indica, Linn.

Mauacca: Griffith. Prenane: Wallich. Sineapore: Kurz. Driy-

DINGS: Curtis 3451. Perak: Scortechini 848; King’s Collector 2893.

—Distris. British India, Malay Archipelago, China, Australia

11. SpHawRantTHUS, Linn.

Annual herbs with spreading branches. Leaves alternate, toothed,

decurrent. Flower-heads proper, small, heterogamous, disciform,

sessile, on a common receptacle, bracteate or not, and forming solitary,

globose, or ovoid, a head-like terminal cluster, usually bearing at its

base an involucre of a few empty bracts. Outer florets 2, few or

many, fertile, slender; inner solitary or few, $, fertile or sterile;

involucre narrow, its bracts dry, narrow, unequal, acute; receptacle

small, naked; pappus none. Florets: 2 with filiform, minutely

2-3-toothed corollas; g with regular corollas with thickened tube

and 4—5-toothed limb. Anthers with sagittate bases acute or tailed.

Style of ¢ florets with filiform arms or entire. Cypselas oblong, sub-

38 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

compressed, without pappus.—-Distris. About 8 species, tropics of

Asia, Africa, and Australia.

SPHERANTHUS AFRICANUS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1314. Annual, glabrous or

pubescent, the stem and branches with long decurrent, entire wings.

Leaves membranous, oblanceolate, acute or sub-acute, with a small

bristle-point at the apex, the base narrowed and confluent with the

wing of the branch, the edges bristle-serrate ; length 1 to 3 in.; breadth

25 to 1:25 in. Clusters of heads globose, °3 to °4 in. in diam., peduncu-

late, their involucres few, scarious, rounded or jagged, not imbricate ;

the peduncles -25 to -4 in. long, glabrous, with a wing widening at the

base. Female florets about 15, gibbous. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

275; Prain Bengal Plants, 601. S. africanus and S. microcephalus,

Willd. Sp. Pl. IIT. 2395. S. microcephalus, DC. Prod. V. 360; Clarke

Comp. Ind. 97. 8S. mdicus, Willd. l.c. 2394; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 62,

Fl. Ind. ITI. 446. S. africanus, Wall. Cat. 3179 (an part).

Manacca: Griffith. Kepan: King’s Collector 1701. SINGAPORE:

Ffiidley 5069. Prnane: Curtis 1942; Deschamps. PRovincE WELLES-

LEY: fiidley 7125. Purax: Scortechim 1640.—Distris. British

India, Malay Archipelago, China, Philippines, Australia, Africa.

12. Emit, Cass.

Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, often glaucous, some-

times sarmentose. Leaves alternate, radical, crowded, petiolate, entire,

toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid; cauline few, stem-clasping. Heads on

long peduncles, solitary or loosely corymbose, ebracteolate at the

base, homogamous, discoid, yellow or red; florets all ¢, fertile,

tubular, the limb elongate and 5-toothed. Jnvolucre cylindric; its

bracts in a single series, equal, free or cohering, striate ; receptacle flat,

naked. Style-arms sub-terete, their apices short and obtuse, or long

and acute. Cypselas sub-terete, or 5-ribbed or -angled; pappus hairs

numerous, white, silky.—Distris. Species 14 or 15; all Indo-Malayan

and tropical African.

Emitia soncuironiA, DC. Prod. VI. 302. Annual, usually erect,

sometimes diffuse and sarmentose, 12 to 30 in. high. Leaves: the

lower lyrate-pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, rarely elliptic, glabrous or

puberulous, sometimes scaberulous, 1:5 to 4 in. long; petioles variable

but rarely exceeding an inch in length; cauline leaves much smaller,

hastate or linear-hastate, dentate, sessile and auriculate, more or less

stem-clasping. Heads -4 in. long and the same in diam. when expanded,

on long ebracteate or scantily bracteate peduncles, collected in lax

terminal long pedunculate spreading corymbs. Jnvolucre nearly as

long as the purple florets, ecalyculate; its bracts linear-oblong, sub-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 39

acute. Cypselas truncate at each end, minutely hairy. DC. in Wight

Contrib. 24. EH. sonchifolia, vars. a and 3, Clarke Comp. Ind. 174.

Calcalia sonchifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 835; Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 413; Don

Prod. 180; Wall. Cat. 3144. H. glabra, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 3145.

Gynura ecalyculata, DC. 1.c. 298. Prenanthes sarmentosa, Wall. Cat.

3262n. EH. scabra, DC. le. 303; Wight Ic. 1123. EH. mucronata,

Clarke Comp. Ind. 175.

SincaporE: Hullett 240. Prnana: Deschamps; Scortechinr;

Stolickza.—DistR1B. British India, Malay Archipelago, China.

Var. minor, King & Gamble. Little more than a foot high, lower

leaves broadly ovate, truncate at the base, on long narrow winged -

petioles.

Perak: King’s Collector 301. Prnane: in Klang and Batu Gaja

jungles : Deschamps.

In this variety the terminal lobe only of the leaf is developed, the lower part being

long and narrow like a petiole.

13. Gynura, Cass.

Succulent herbs, rarely undershrubs, sometimes climbers, glabrous

or hispid. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed or pinnatisect. Heads

solitary or in corymbs, bracteolate at the base, homogamous, disciform,

yellow or purplish. /lorets yellow: all the ¢ tubular, fertile (rarely a

few of the outer ones more slender and @ ) the limb 5-toothed. Involucre

cylindric or sub-campanulate ; the bracts 10 or 12, in a single series,

narrow, equal; their margins scarious; receptacle flat, pitted or shortly

fimbrillate. Anthers with bases entire or sub-auricled. Style-arms

slender; their apices long, slender, subulate, hispid. Cypselas narrow,

many-ribbed ; hairs of pappus copious, in many series, slender, white.—

DistRiB. Species about 20, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Scandent ; leaves subentire or slightly dentate, petiolate .. 1. G. sarmentosa.

An erect herb; leaves always boldly dentate and often pinnatisect

or pinnatifid, sessile and often sub-amplexicaul or auriculate .. 2. G. bicolor.

1. GynuRA SARMENTOSA, DC. Prod. VI. 298. Stem and branches i

loosely twining, glabrous except the puberulous peduncles, thinner than

a goose-quill, pale brown and striate when dry. Leaves succulent,

elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base cuneate,

the edges subentire or slightly dentate, both surfaces brown when

dry, glabrous; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading, faint on both

surfaces ; length 1 to 3 in.; breadth -4 to 1 in.; petioles of the lower

leaves "15 to -4 in.; the small upper leaves often sessile. Heads few,

65 to -75 in. long, and as much in diam., on slender puberulous

40 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pedicels usually in scanty, lax, long-peduncled, axillary and terminal

cymes longer than the leaves; bracteoles of the panicle and of the

calyculus at the base of the involucre few, small, linear. Inwvolucre

spreading little, its bracts narrowly oblong, subacute or blunt,

glabrous; their edges scarious, nearly as long as the florets.

Cypselas small, brown, with 10 puberulous ribs; pappus white.

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 335. G. Finlaysontana, DC. 1.c. 299’;

Deless. Ic. Sel. IV. t. 55. Cacalia cylindrifolia, reclinata, and Fin-

laysomana, Wall. Cat. 3150, 3151, 3162. Sonchus volubilis, Rumph.

Elerh. Amb s Vert, 103 f. 2.

In all the provinces, common.—Distris. Malayan Archipelago ;

Siam ; Philippines.

_ 2. Gynura Bicotor, DC. Prod. VI. 299. Herbaceous, 2 or 3 feet

high, glabrous or sparsely and minutely glandular-hairy on the upper

part; stems erect, branched, about the thickness of a quill near the

base, boldly striate when dry. Leaves pinnatisect or pinnatifid, the

lobules acutely dentate; the terminal lobe narrow and acuminate,

narrowed at the base into a petiole varying in length from ‘5 to 1 in. ;

the upper sessile and often auriculate at the base, or shorter and

narrowly obtuse with large teeth; length 2°5 to 5 in.; breadth -4 to

3 in. Heads about ‘5 in. long, less in diam. Involucral bracts

narrow, with scarious margins and acute often recurved tips.

Cypselas very slender, much ribbed, sub-glabrous; pappus copious,

white, tinged with pink. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 335. Cacaha

bicolor, Roxb. El. Ind. IM. 412, Salish. Hort. Parad.t..200)) bot:

Regist. t. 110.

SinGcapore: Ridley 1618. Jonore: Ridley 2741; King. Pura:

Wray 1445, 3599. Punane: Deschamps. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.),

3235.—Distris. China, Moluccas.

14. SrzcesBecEiA, Linn.

Glandular-pubescent herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed. Heads in

leafy panicles, heterogamous, sub-radiate, yellow or white. Lay-

florets 2, in asingle series, fertile, the corollas short-tubed, with

2-3-fid limb or a short, broad ligule. Dusk-florets ¢, fertile, or

the inner ones sterile; the corollas regular, tubular, the limb cam-

panulate and 5-fid or narrow and 3- to 4-toothed. Jmnvolucre cam-

panulate or hemispheric, the bracts few, herbaceous, glandular, the

outer usually 5, spathulate, spreading; the inner enclosing the ray-

florets. Receptacle small; the pales membranous, concave. Anthers

with entire bases. Style of ¢ florets with short, flattened, sub-acute

arms. Cypselas obovoid-oblong, often incurved, their apices obtuse ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 41

pappus none.—DisTRIB. Six species, one cosmopolitan, tropical and

sub-tropical, the others South American and African.

SIEGESBECKIA ORIENTALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 900. An erect annual,

1 to 3 feet high, branching, the lower branches opposite, everywhere

clothed with pubescence, often glandular and crisped. Leaves mem-

branous, opposite, the lower ovate sub-rhomboid, the upper ovate-

lanceolate, dentate or crenate, passing into linear-lanceolate, and

sometimes entire; all cuneate at the base; both surfaces olivaceous

when dry; the upper scabrid, hispid; the lower more softly hairy ;

main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curved, spreading; length 1 to 4 in.;

petioles very short or absent. Jnwvolucre with the outer bracts longer

than the inner. Cypselas black, the outer enclosed in the glandular

involucral bracts. Boiss. Fl. Orient. III. 250; DC. Prod. V. 495;

Wight Ic. 1103; Wall. Cat. 3182; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 304;

Prain Bengal Plants, 607. S. glutinosa, Wall. Cat. 3182. S. brachiata

and S. orientalis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 482. Minyranthes heterophylla,

Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mise. 1851, I. 181.

In all the provinces, near habitations.

15. Eexurpta, Linn.

Strigose or hirsute annuals. Leaves opposite. Heads small, axillary

or terminal, pedunculate, heterogamous, rayed. Say-florets 2, sub-

9-seriate, fertile or sterile, ligulate, small, entire or bifid, white rarely

yellow. Dusk-florets ¢, fertile, tubular, 4-5-fid. Involucre hemispheric

or broadly campanulate ; its bracts sub-2-seriate, herbaceous, the outer

large and broad; receptacle flat or nearly so, the outer pales enclosing

several florets; the inner ones narrow, sometimes absent. <Anthers

with obtuse, almost entire, bases. Style-arms flattened, with short

triangular or obtuse appendages. Cypselas of the ray narrow, tri-

quetrous, sometimes barren; those of the disk stouter, somewhat

compressed laterally, the apex entire, toothed or 2-aristate.—DisTRIB.

7 species in South America and Australia, and 1 cosmopolitan in the

tropics.

Ecurpta ERECTA, Linn. Mant. II. 266. An erect or diffuse branched

slender herb, hirsute or strigillose. Leaves variable in form and size,

sessile or with very short petioles; linear, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly

elliptic ; narrowed at both ends; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, spreading,

faint; length 1 to 4 in.; breadth -2 to ‘5 in. Heads ‘3 to °4 in.

in diam., solitary or in pairs from the leaf-axils; the peduncles -25

to 1:5 in. long, when in pairs always unequal. Involucral bracts

equal to or longer than the flowers, unequal, ovate or obovate, apiculate.

Cypselas scabrid, without pappus. Clarke Comp. Ind. 134; Hook.

42 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 304; Prain Bengal Plants; 610. Lam. Ill. t.

687. #H. alba, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 528; Clarke Comp. Ind. 134;

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 304. #. marginata, Boiss. Fl. Orient.

III. 249. H. prostrata, Linn. Mant. II. 266; Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 488.

H. prostrata, undulata, and parviflora, Wall. Cat. 3209, 3210, 3213.

Verbesina alba and prostrata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 902.

In all the provinces. In and near cultivated ground.—Disrris..

The tropics generally.

16. WeEDELIA, Jacq.

Hirsute or scabrid-pubescent herbs or undershrubs, sometimes.

scandent. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal, hetero-

gamous, rayed. Fay-florets ¢, fertile, ligulate, spreading, entire,

or 2-toothed at the apex. Dvysk-florets ¢, fertile or the inner sterile ;

the corolla tubular, regular, with elongate 5-toothed limb. Involucre

campanulate or sub-hemispheric; its bracts sub-2-seriate, the outer

3 to 5 usually herbaceous, the inner dry; receptacle flat or convex,

the pales enclosing the flowers. Anthers entire or sub-sagittate at

the base. Style of ¢ florets with acute arms hirsute at their

tips. Cypselas cuneate-oblong or obovoid, thick, smooth or tuberceled,

laterally compressed or the outer triquetrous, tip rounded, margins.

obtuse or thickened ; pappus none, or reduced to a toothed cup or ring,

or sometimes of short scales with occasionally a few bristles —DisTRIB..

Species about 70, tropical and sub-tropical.

WEDELIA BIFLORA, DC. in Wight Contrib. Fl. Ind. 18. Scandent ;:

stem and branches hispid-puberulous when very young, afterwards.

almost glabrous, obtusely 4-angled, grooved when dry. Leaves mem-

branous, broadly ovate or ovate-subrhomboid to lanceolate, apex.

acuminate, edges coarsely serrate except at the broad, slightly

cuneate base; both surfaces dull olivaceous green when dry,

minutely reticulate, sparsely hispid-puberulous ; main-nerves one

large pair ascending from the base of the midrib to near the apex.

branching outwards and one or two smaller pairs from above the

middle of the midrib, all distinct on both surfaces; length 2 to 4:5 in. ;.

breadth 1:25 to 2°75 in.; petioles ‘75 to 1:5 in., those of the branches

smaller. Heads about ‘5 in. in diam., solitary on a short peduncle:

‘75 in. or less in length, or 2 to 4 on peduncles two or three times as.

long. Involucral bracts in two rows, oblong or ovate-lanceolate,.

apiculate, concave, scabrid-puberulous outside like the peduncles,

often recurved. Ripe cypselas triquetrous, scaberulous, the apex

with some hairs and several short bristles, one longer than the:

others. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 306. W. scandens, Benth.; Prain

Bengal Plants, 612; Clarke Comp. Ind. 136 (excl. syn.). Woolastoma.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 43

biflora and W. scabriuscula, DC. Prod. V. 546, 547. W. biflora,

Wight Ic. 1108. Verbesina biflora, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. II. 1272. Wall.

Cat. 3207 (in part). V. dichotoma, Wall. Cat. 3024 (i part).

Eclipta scabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 3212 (partly). dcemella biflora, Spreng.

Syst. IIT. 591.

On the sea coast, common.

17. SprmantHEs, Linn.

Annual herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal,

usually on long peduncles, heterogamous and rayed, or homogamous

and disciform. fiay-florets ? , in a single series, fertile, ligulate, white

or yellow. Disk-florets ¢, fertile, tubular, with 4- or 5-fid limb.

Involucre ovoid or campanulate, the bracts sub-2-seriate ; receptacle

convex, elongate, the pales enclosing the flowers often connate with

the ovary into a stalk. Amnthers with truncate entire or bifid bases.

Style-arms of ¢ florets truncate. Cypselas of ray-florets triquetrous

or dorsally compressed, the margins and angles usually ciliate; pappus

none or of 2 or 3 bristles—Distris. About 40 species, chiefly tropical

American.

SpmantHes AcmenuA, Murr. Syst. ed. XIII.610. Erect or ascend-

ing, glabrous, branched, 1 to 2 feet long; the branches as thick as

a crow-quill, striate, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves mem-

branous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, with sub-acute apex and cuneate

base, the edges crenate serrate or entire; main-nerves a single pair,

ascending; length -75 to 1:5 in.; petioles ‘1 to-3 in. long. Heads ovoid-

conical, -35 to ‘5 in. long, on slender peduncles 1 to 2°5 in long, solitary

or in very lax panicles. Involucral bracts short, oblong, blunt or sub-

acute, d-nerved. Say-floreits minute. Cypselas sometimes marginate,

scabrid or smooth ; pappus of one or two bristles or absent. DC. Prod.

V. 623; Prain Bengal Plants, 614; Wall. Cat. 3285; Clarke Comp.

Ind. 138; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 307. S. calva, DC. Le. V. 625;

Wight Ic. 1109. 8S. pseudo-Acmella, Linn.; DC. l.c. 625, and in

' Wight Contrib. 19; Wall. Cat. 3185. SS. oleracea, Jacq. Hort. Vind. IT.

t. 135; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 410; DC. lc. 624. Bidens fervida and

B. fixa, Lamk. Dict. I. 415, 416. Cotula conica, Wall. Cat. 3185.

Verbesina Acmella, Linn. Sp. Pl. 901. V. psewdo-Acmella, Linn. l.c. 901.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3186 ; Cuming 2361. Perak: Scortechint

1400. Prenane: Deschamps.

18. SYNEDRELLA, Gaertn.

Annual branched herbs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, dentate. Heads

small, axillary and terminal, heterogamous, rayed. Involucre ovoid or

A4 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

oblong, its bracts few ; the outer one or two foliaceous, passing into the

flat scarious pales of the small receptacle. Ray-florets few, @ , ligulate,

with short broad 2-3-toothed lamina. Disk-florets 3, tubular, regular,

the limb 4-toothed. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sub-entire.

Style-arms of ¢ florets long, acute. Cypselas of ray-florets much

compressed dorsally, smooth, their edges winged and with long teeth ;

those of the ¢ few, narrower, compressed or trigonous often muri-

cate; pappus in both consisting of 2 (rarely more) bristles.—DIsTRiB.

Species 2, tropical American, 1 also Asiatic and African.

SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA, Gaertn. Fruct. I]. 456, t. 171, f.7- An

erect dichotomous annual with terete wiry glabrous branches thicker

than a crow-quill; all parts more or less scaberulous. Leaves mem-

branous, opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, the base cuneate, the edges

serrate or crenate (sometimes obscurely so) ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs,

the lower pair long and bold, the others short and faint; both surfaces

minutely and sparsely strigose, and greenish when dry; length °75 to

3 in.; breadth -3 to 1:25in. ; petioles 1 to -4 in. often ciliate on the edges.

Heads :25 in. in diam., axillary, solitary or in small clusters, usually

sessile but sometimes on short peduncles ; inner bracts of the involucre

linear-lanceolate, shining. Cypselas of the inner flowers muricate,

with 2 unequal hispid pappus hairs longer than themselves and than

the corolla; outer cypselas shorter, broader, smooth, black; their

edges winged, deeply toothed, pale. Hook. Exot. Flora, t. 60; Clarke

Comp. Ind. 139; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind’ III. 308; Prain Bengal

Plants, 615. Verbesina nodiflora, Linn. Amoen. Acad. IY. 290.

Near cultivation, common.

19. Bivens, Linn.

Herbaceous, annual or perennial, sometimes scandent. Leaves

opposite, entire, irregularly lobed or 1-2-pinnatisect. Heads small and

corymbose or larger and sub-solitary, heterogamous and rayed. ay-

florets in one series, neuter or rarely ¢, fertile, the corolla ligulate,

yellow or white, spreading, entire or somewhat toothed. Dvzsk-florets

$, fertile, tube, cylindric, limb shortly 5-fid; occasionally homogamous

from the abortion of the ray-florets. Jnvolucre campanulate or sub-

hemispheric, its bracts in two series, often slightly connate below ;

the outer short herbaceous or long and leafy, the inner membranous ; —

receptacle flat or convex; its pales narrow, little concave. Anthers

entire or bluntly sagittate at the base. Style of ¢ florets with arms

hirsute upwards and short acute or long apices. Cypselas dorsally

compressed or somewhat tetragonous, linear or cuneiform, often

narrowed but not beaked above; pappus of 2 to 4 persistent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 45

retrorsely barbellate arms.—Distris. About 120 species, chiefly

American.

Biwens piuosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 832. An erect, very variable, glabrous

pubescent or pilose herb, 6 to 24 in. high; stems when dry 4-angled.

Leaves 3-fid to 3-partite, or 2-3-pinnatifid, their segments broadly or

narrowly ovate to lanceolate, serrate. Heads ‘3 to ‘4 in. across, on long

stout petioles of varying length, terminal or axillary. Hay-flowers

when present white or yellow, often absent. Inwvolucral bracts shorter

than the flowers, broadly oblong, with scarious margins. Cypselas

black, compressed, long, narrow, slender, ribbed; pappus of 3 or 4

bristles shorter than the cypselas, pale brown.

Var. 1 pilosa proper, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 309; leaves 3-fid

or 3-sect, their segments broadly or narrowly ovate or lanceolate,

serrate. B. pilosa, Linn.; DC. Prod. V. 597; Clarke Comp. Ind. 140;

Prain Bengal Plants, 616. B. leucantha, Willd. B. chinensis, Willd.;

Wall. Cat. 3189 (x part). B. tripartita and B. bipinnata, Wall. Cat.

3187 (in part).

Var. 2 bipinnata, Hook. fil. l.c. 309; leaves bipinnately compound,

their segments ovate lanceolate or linear, entire lobed or toothed.

B. bypinnata, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 411. B. chinensis, Wall. Cat.

3189 (in part). B. Wallichti, DC. Prod. V. 598.

Var. 3 decomposita, Hook. fil. l.c. 310; leaves decompoundly

pinnatitid, segments linear, slender. B. decomposita, Wall. in DC.

Prod. V. 602, Cat. 3188; Clarke Comp. Ind. 141 ezel. var. £.

In all the provinces: in waste ground near cultivation, but not

common.—Distris. In all warm countries.

20. Tripax, Linn.

A perennial herb. Leaves opposite, pinnatisect, with few narrow

segments. Heads solitary on very long peduncles, heterogamous,

rayed. ay-florets 2, fertile, ligulate or bilabiate, the outer lip large

3-fid, the inner small and 2-fid or none. Disk-florets ¢, fertile, tubular,

the limb elongate and 5-fid. Involucral bracts in few series, the outer

short broad herbaceous; receptacle flat or convex; its scales mem-

branous. Anthers with short acute auricles at their bases. Style-arms

of the ¢ flowers hairy above, their apices subulate. Cypselas oblong

or depressed-globose, silky; pappus of unequal aristate feathery bristles.

—Distris. 7 species, tropical American, 1 being an introduced weed

in the tropics of Asia.

TRIDAX PROCUMBENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 900. Procumbent, hirsute, with

slightly branched stems as thick as a crow-quill. Leaves membranous,

few, ovate-lanceolate, deeply and irregularly serrate, -5 to 2 in. long.

46 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Heads °4 to *6 in.in diam., on slender erect solitary peduncles 3 to 8 in.

long. Cypselas brown; pappus shining, white. DC. Prod. V. 679;

Wall. Cat. 3197; Clarke Comp. Ind. 142; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT.

311; Prain Bengal Plants, 618.

In cultivated and waste places : an introduction.

21. CeENTIPEDA, Lour.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed.

Heads small, axillary, sessile or racemose, heterogamous, disciform,

yellow. Outer florets 9 ,in many rows, fertile, their corollas minute,

obscurely lobed. Disk-florets ¢, few, fertile, their corollas with short

tube and campanulate 4-fid limb. Involucre hemispheric, its bracts in

2 series, spreading in fruit; receptacle naked. Anthers obtuse and

entire at the base. Style-arms of ¢ flower short, truncate. Cypselas

4-angled, the apices obtuse, the angles hairy; the hairs sometimes

hooked; pappus none.—Distris. 43 species, Asiatic, Australian, and

South American.

CENTIPEDA ORBICULARIS, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. III. 493. An annual

prostrate herb with numerous thin rooting stems, glabrous or sparsely

tomentose. Leaves obovate-oblong or cuneate, ‘2 to 5 in. long, sparsely

toothed. Heads :1 to ‘15 in. in diam., globose, solitary, axillary, sub-

sessile. florets, 9 minute, numerous, tubular, minutely 3-toothed ;

$ 10 to 12, 4-toothed. Cypselas with simple hairs. Hook. fil. Fl.

Br. Ind. III. 317; Prain Bengal Plants, 620. C. mimuta, Benth. in

Bth. & Hook. fil. Gen. Pl. II. 230; Clarke Comp. Ind. 151. Myriogyne

minuta, Less.; DC. Prod. VI. 189. Cotuwla sternutatoria, Wall. Cat.

3259. C.miuuma, Willd. Sp. Pl. III. 2170. Dichrocephala Schnudu,

Wight Ic. 1610. Artemisia sternutatoria, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 423.

A. mimma, Linn. Sp. Pl. 849. Spheromorphea centipeda, DC.

le. 140.

In all the provinces: by the sides of roads in cultivated ground,

not common.

22. ArtTEmisiA, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, usually fragrant. Leaves alternate, 1- to 3-pinna-

tisect, serrate or entire. Heads small, numerous, racemose or panicled,

solitary or in fascicles (never corymbose), heterogamous or homogamous,

disciform. Outer florets 9, in a single series, fertile, very slender,

2- to 3-toothed. Disk-florets ¢, fertile or sterile, the limb 5-fid. Invo-

lucre ovoid, sub-globose or hemispheric; bracts in few series, the outer

shorter, their margins scarious; receptacle flat or convex, naked or

hairy. Anthers with entire obtuse bases. Style-arms of the ¢ florets

with truncate, usually penicillate, tips. Cypselas very minute, oblong,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 47

ellipsoid or sub-obovoid, faintly striate; pappus none—Distris. About

240 species in the north temperate regions mostly of the Old World.

ARTEMISIA VULGARIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 848. A small shrub; stems as

thick as a goose-quill, brown when dry, sub-glaucous and with sparse

white pubescence. eaves membranous, varying much in shape and

size, those near the base several inches long, large pinnatipartite or

bi-pinnatipartite, the pinnules oblong, the ultimate lobes entire with

sub-aristate apices, leaves of the stem diminishing in size upwards,

laciniate, and passing near the apex into simple linear bracts less than

-5 in. long; all glabrous on the upper surface and white adpressed-

pubescent on the lower. Heads about -15 in. long, cylindric or narrowly

campanulate, sessile, solitary or in small clusters, in axillary sub-secund

spikes of varying length, the upper part of the stem forming a long

spike. Involucral bracts only 5 or 6, broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate,

the inner scarious. Oorollas glabrous. DC. Prod. V. 112; Boiss. FI.

Orient. III. 371; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 420; Clarke Comp. Ind. 161;

Hook fil BE Br Ind. Tit $25, Al andica, Willd. ; DC. Le) 4; Roxb.

Fl. Ind. III. 419; Wight Ic. 1112; Wall. Cat. 3293. A. dubia, Wall.

Cat. 3307; DC. lc. 110. A. myriantha, Wall. Cat. 83297; DC. l.c. 112.

A. paniculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 418. A. leptostachya, DC. |.c. 1138.

A. grata, Wall. Cat. 3294 (in part); DC. le. 114. A. lavandulefolia,

Wee ILO:

In all the provinces, near cultivation, not common and probably

introduced.—Distris. Europe, Northern Asia, India, mountains of

the Malayan Archipelago.

23. Crepis, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, hairs all simple.

Leaves alternate, radical or cauline, the latter often stem-clasping,

entire toothed or pinnatifid. Heads pedunculate, solitary, fasciculate

or corymbose, yellow or red, homogamous, ligulate. Involucre cylindric

or campanulate ; bracts either multi-seriate and regularly imbricate, or

the outer smaller and shorter than the single series of inner; base

of midrib often thickened after flowering; receptacle flat, rarely

concave, naked or shortly fimbrillate. Corollas ligulate, with broad

5-toothed apices. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sagittate, the

auricles acute or shortly setaceous. Cypselas more or less fusiform or

oblong, rarely short and cylindric, often slender, glabrous or scaberulous,

10- to 20-ribbed, the apex narrowed or beaked; pappus usually

copious, short or long, the hairs simple, soft, usually silvery, rarely

brownish and stiff or brittle—Duisrris. Species about 10, chiefly in

the northern regions of the Old World.

48 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

CrEPIS JAPONICA, Benth. Fl. Hongk., 194. Annual; glabrous or

puberulous; stems one or more from the same root, 6 to 18 in. high.

Radical leaves oblanceolate, runcinate-pinnatifid or sinuately toothed,.

1 to 2°5 in. long, usually on petioles ‘5 to 1-5 in. long; cauline leaves

few, much smaller and often sessile. Heads -2 in. long and 3 in. in

diam. when expanded, on short, slender pedicels with linear minute

bracteoles at their bases, collected at the apices of the long, slender

stems in compact or lax corymbose cymes. Involucres shorter than

the florets, their bracts in two rows, the outer very short; the inner

6 or 7, narrowly oblong, blunt, with narrow hyaline margins and dark,

thickened midribs. Cypselas -1 in. long, contracted below the apex,

but not beaked, compressed, with many smooth or puberulous ribs,

equal to or shorter than the soft, white pappus. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.

III. 395; Prain Bengal Plants, 627. CC. lyrata, Clarke Comp.

Ind. 253. Youwngia lyrata, Cass.; Thw. Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 168. Youngia

Thunbergiana, runcinata, napifolia, Poosia, ambigua, fastigiata and

striata, DC. Prod. VII. 192, 193. Y. napifolia, Wight Ic. 1147.

Lactuca napifoia, DC. in Wight Contrib. 27. Chondrilla runct-

nata, Wall. Cat. 3272. Prenanthes Poosia and napifolia, Wall.

Cat. 3265, 3277. P. japonica, Linn. Mant. 107. P. striata, Blume

Bijdr. 885.

In all the provinces, near or in cultivated ground.

Order LXII. STYLIDIEAL.

Herbaceous plants, rarely undershrubs. Leaves radical or scattered

or fasciculate on the stem, more or less subverticillate, entire, often

small and narrow, no stipules. lowers in terminal racemes or thyrsoid

or corymbose panicles, irregular, perfect, pedicels bracteate. Calyx-

tube adnate to the ovary ; limb 2-lipped, upper lip 3-, lower 2-flowered.

Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed, 4 lobes spreading, the fifth (lip) smaller,

irregular, the lobes imbricate. Stamens 2, parallel, inserted on a.

glandular disk surmounting the ovary; filaments connate with the

style into a column; anthers sessile on the column, the cells sub-

confluent. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; style entire or divided into two

stigmas ; ovules many in each cell, on axile placentas on the middle of

the dissepiment, anatropous. Prwt a 2-celled capsule, sometimes

1-celled by the suppression of the septum, the valves cohering at the

base. Seeds minute, numerous, sub-globose; albumen fleshy; testa

thin; embryo minute, next the hilum.—Drstris. Species about 100,

Australian, with a few in tropical Asia, New Zealand, and Antarctic

America.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 49

STYLIDIUM, Sw.

Herbs, with the habit leaves and inflorescence of the Order.

Calyzx-lobes 5, bilabiate. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes sub-erect

in pairs, the fifth smaller, recurved. Stamens in an elongate column,

often recurved or reflexed, especially when irritated. Ovary 2-celled,

stigma entire—Distris. 85 Australian species and 3 Indian or

Malayan.

STYLIDIUM TENELLUM, Swartz in Gesellsch. Nat. Berl. Mag. 1807,

51. t. 2, fig. 3, not of Br. A small erect herb; stem simple, leafy,

glabrous, 4 to 8 in. high, dichotomous, compressed. Leaves scattered,

alternate, oblong or oblong-obovate, lower ones broader 2 to 3 in. long,

upper ones narrower, getting gradually smaller upwards and passing

gradually into bracts ; nerves of lower leaves 3, fromthe base. Flowers

sessile, 2 to 5, alternate; bracts minute, linear. Calyx bilabiate, upper

3-, lower 2-lobed, lobes linear. Corolla irregularly 5-lobed, 4 lobes erect

linear, the fifth recurved, spathulate. Staminal column exsert, stamens 2,

anthers 2-celled, connivent. Ovary inferior, elongate, 2-celled, many-

seeded, stigma entire. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long;

seeds minute, papillose. DC. Prod. VII. 336; Hook. fil. and Th. in

Journ. Linn. Soe. II. 8; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 571; Kurz in Flora,

1872, 304. S. rosewm, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV. ii. 137,

XLVI. ii. 212; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 420.

Penane: Ridley 7103. Province WELLESLEY, at Butterworth:

G. King. Matacca: Swartz—Distris. Hastern Bengal and Burma,

in Dacca, Chittagong and Mergui.

S. uliginosum, Swartz, is recorded in FI. Br. Ind. as from ‘‘ Manacca fide H. f.

and T.”; as we have seen no specimens, we consider it sufficient to record the fact.

In Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. it is S. Kunthii, Wall., that is recorded from Malacca, and it

seems more likely that this is right as Griffith obtained it at Mergui.

Order LXIII. GOODENOVIEA.

Shrubs, undershrubs, but chiefly herbs, juice not milky. Leaves

alternate or radical, rarely opposite, entire dentate or occasionally

pinnatifid; stipules none. Flowers hermaphrodite, axillary or in

terminal spikes, racemes or panicles, regular or irregular, bracts and

bracteoles occasionally present. Calyx with the tube adnate to the

ovary or free; lobes 5, sometimes very small, sometimes connate in a

ring or obsolete. Corolla gamopetalous, inserted on the calyx, usually

white, yellow or blue, rarely red; lobes 5, valvate, usually induplicate-

winged. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted on the

50 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

disk crowning the ovary; free or connate in a ring around the style;

anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and in-

trorsely. Ovary 1—2-celled; style simple with a cup-shaped sheath

including the stigma; ovules 1 or many in each eell, erect or ascending,

rarely pendulous, inserted on the dissepiment or central. Fruit an

indehiscent drupe or a capsule with 2 or 4 valves usually dehiscing

irregularly. Seeds albuminous; testa thin crustaceous or thick and

hard; embryo erect in the axis of the fleshy albumen, the radicle

inferior.—Distris. Over 200 species, mostly Australian, a few in New

Zealand, Antarctic America, the Pacific Islands, or on the coasts of

tropical Asia, Africa, and the West Indies.

1. Sca#vona, Linn.

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely

opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in dichotomously

branched cymes, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx with the tube adnate to

the ovary, turbinate, ovoid or globose; limb short, annular or 5-lobed,

sometimes obsolete. Corolla oblique, split to the base behind, lobes

sub-equal or the two uppermost shorter, at length digitately patent.

Stamens free. Ovary 2-celled, with solitary erect ovules in each cell,

or l-celled with 1-2 erect ovules; sheath cupular; stigma truncate or

divaricately 2-lobed. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, exocarp thin or fleshy,

endocarp hard and woody rarely crustaceous. Seeds solitary; embryo

smooth, cotyledons sometimes broader than the inferior radicle.—

Distris. About 60 species, 2 Asiatic, 8-10 of the Pacific Islands and

the coasts of Asia, 1 extending to the coasts of Africa and the West

Indies, the rest Australian.

Scavonta Kornieu, Vahl Symb. III. 36 (1794). An evergreen

large glabrous shrub with stout stem and branches, soft spongy pith and

coarse fibrous wood. Leaves alternate, sessile, obovate-oblong, obtuse

at apex, decurrent at base, 3 to 6 in. long, about 2 in. broad, entire

or obscurely crenate, more or less fleshy when green, membranous

when dry, silky pubescent on both sides or somewhat glabrous on the

upper surface, tufted hairy in the axils; midrib stout, prominent,

broad, main-nerves 10-12 pair, slender, arching upwards and joining

near the margin, secondary nerves few slender, reticulations many,

indistinct. Flowers white, in axillary few-flowered dichotomous

pubescent cymes shorter than the leaves; bracts small, subulate, about

‘1 in. long; common peduncle ‘5 to ‘6 in. long; pedicels ‘1 to ‘2 in. long;

bracteoles 2, similar to the bracts. Calyx-twbe adnate to the ovary,

‘2 in. long, densely villous; lobes ‘2 to ‘3 in. long, linear-lanceolate or

spathulate, ciliate, pubescent, enlarged in fruit. Corolla-tube ‘7 to ‘8 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 51

long, narrow, pubescent without, villous within; lobes valvately indupli-

cate-winged, ‘25 to -4 in. long, lanceolate, prominently veined, villous-

hairy within. Stamens erect, free, inserted around the ovary-sheath,

“75 in. long; filaments thin, anthers ovate, introrse, cells parallel,

connective produced above with short divergent lobes. Ovary 2-celled,

crowned with the oblong bifid stigma which is surrounded by a long-

fringed sheath; ovules 1 in each cell, erect. Fruit a 2-celled ovate-

globose succulent drupe, 3 to ‘5 in. in diam., depressed above, ribbed,

endocarp bony. Lamk. Ill. t. 124, fig. 2; DC. Prod. VII. 505; Hook.

f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Il. 8; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 2732;

Blume Bijdr. 730; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 580; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 212, For. Fl. IT. 84; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

421; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 54; Cooke Bomb. Flora, II. 69; Benth.

Fl. Austr. IV. 86. S. sericea, Forst.; DC. l.c. 506; Blume Bijdr.

750; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 581. 8S. Taccada, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 15,

iinds I o27 5 DC: 1-¢):505 5, Dalz. “and! Gibs: Bomb; Bl. 134:

Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; Wall. Cat. 1314; Wight IIL. t.

137. 8S. Lobelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 250; De Vriese

Goodenov. 20-26 and in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II. 20, not of Linn.

S. Plumert, Blume Bijdr. 730, not of Vahl. S. montana, Lab. Sert.

Austr.-Caled. 41, t. 42; DC. le. 506. S. velutina, Presl in Rel.

Haenck. II. 57; DC. le. 506. 8S. Bela-Modagam, Roem. and Sch.

pyst. V. 163; DC. Le. 505. 8S. Leschenaulin, DC. le. 506. S.

macrocalyx, De Vriese Gooden. 26, tab. 3, figs. 1-4. SS. chlorantha and

S. Lambertiana, De Vriese, l.c. 27, 28. S. lativaga, Hance in Walp.

Ann. II. 1054. Lobelia frutescens, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 148. L. Taccada,

Gertn. Fruct. I. 119, tab. 25, fig. 5. ZL. Plumieri, Burm. Fl. Ind. 186,

not of Linn. Cerbera Salutaris, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 136. Buglossum

litorewm, Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. 116, t. 54. ‘ Béla~-Modagam,”

Rheede Hort. Mal. IV. t. 59.

Penane: Wallich 1314. Matacca: Griffith. Jonore: Jensen.

SINGAPORE: Sir BR. Schomburgk 82; G. King ; G. Thomson.—DistR1p.

Sea-shores of India from Sind to Ceylon; Burma; Malay Islands and

eastwards to Australia and Polynesia.

Order LXIV. CAMPANULACEA.

Herbs, undershrubs, rarely shrubs ; erect or climbing ; often with

milky juice. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire toothed or

rarely lobed, no stipules. Inflorescence axillary or terminal; flowers

solitary, racemose or paniculate ; bracts small; bracteoles none (present

in Sphenoclea). Calyz-twbe adnate to the ovary, limb few- or many-

52 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobed or -partite, lobes usually persistent in fruit, valvate or imbricate

in bud. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, rotate or campanulate, superior,

sometimes bilabiate ; lobes as many as those of the calyx, valvate or

induplicate-valvate, sometimes 1, 2, or all free to the base. Stamens

equal in number to the corolla-lobes and alternate with them; inserted

on the epigynous disk or (in Sphenociea) on the corolla-tube; filaments

free or connate in a tube; anthers linear, oblong or ovate, free or

connate in a tube, 2-celled, the cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally and

introrsely. Ovary usually inferior, 2-5- rarely more-celled; placentas

axile, many ovuled; style simple, clavate, within the staminal tube;.

stigma-lobes as many as the ovary-cells; ovules anatropous, erect

horizontal or pendulous. frwit capsular or baccate, crowned by the

persistent calyx-lobes, dehiscing vertically or laterally, or indehiscent.

Seeds very many, small, albuminous; testa thin, coriaceous ; embryo:

erect, radicle inferior.—Duistris. Over 1,000 species, scattered.

throughout the globe, chiefly in temperate regions.

Tribe I. LOBELIEA. Corolla 2-lipped, cleft dorsally to the base; anthers connate..

Fruit a capsule, 2-valved at the summit is ae LS hopEnra.

Tribe Il. CAMPANULEA. Corolla regular; anthers free or imperfectly connate.

Flowers solitary, peduncled hs 56 -. 2. CampaANUMmA.

Flowers in a dense scorpioid spike .. us .. 98. PENTAPHRAGMA.

Flowers in a dense cylindric spike .. ats .. 4, SPHENOCLEA.

1. Lopetia, Linn.

Herbs of various sizes, sometimes very small, sometimes erect and

very tall; undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed.

Inflorescence either 1-flowered, in the axils of leaves or bracts, or in a

terminal leafy raceme; bracteoles very small or none. Calyx-tube

adnate to the ovary, turbinate, hemispheric, obovoid or rarely oblong-

linear; limb 5-partite or 5-fid, lobes often unequal. Corolla oblique,

2-lipped ; upper lip 2-, lower 3-partite or -lobed. Staminal tube free

from the corolla or adnate only at the base; anthers with 2 lower

tipped with bristles, 3 upper naked, or else all penicillate. Ovary

inferior, 2-celled; placentas hemispheric; ovules numerous; stigma

shortly bifid. Capsule loculicidally 2-valved within the calyx-tube.

Seeds very many, minute, ellipsoid, compressed or trigonous.—DIstTRIB.

About 200 species, throughout the world, though scarce in Europe and

Western Asia.

Lopeia aFFInis, Wall. Cat. 1311. <A prostrate often rooting herb

with much-branched stem, pubescent or glabrate. Leaves ovate-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 53

rotundate, acute at apex, rounded or truncate or cordate and more or

less decurrent at base, ‘5 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1°5 in. broad, mucronate-

dentate or -crenate, membranous, usually strigosely hairy on the

nerves especially beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous; midrib slender,

main-nerves 4-6 pairs; petiole -3 to -6 in. long, more or less winged by

the decurrent margins of the blade, strigosely hairy. Flowers single,

on slender pedicels about ‘6 to 1 in. long; bracts minute; pedicels

usually deflexed in fruit. Calyx-twbe adnate to the ovary, ribbed,

strigose, obconical; lobes 5 linear spreading, ‘1 to -2 in. long, pilose.

Corolla purple, ‘2 to :25 in. long, 2 upper lobes falcate-lanceolate,

3 lower connate, teeth short. Stanwnal tube as long as or longer than

corolla, anthers all penicillate. Ovary 2-celled, style long, stigma bifid,

lobes rounded, recurved, ovules many. Capsule ribbed, strigose. Seed

small, ellipsoid trigonous. DC. Prod. VII. 360; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.

574; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soe. IT. 27; Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. III. 424; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 57; Prain Beng. Plants I.

633. L. zeylanica, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. II.

113; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 211, not of Linn. L.

subcuneata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 574. L. succwlenta and L. Heyneana,

Bl. Bidr. 728.

Penane: Ridley 7162, 10185; J. Scott. Prrax: Ridley 2902;

Curtis 2025 ; Scortechini 309, 344; King’s Collector 2376. SINGAPORE:

Kuwrz.—Distris. Hastern Bengal, Burma, Ceylon, Malay Islands,

Southern China.

Isotoma longiflora, Presl, is an introduced West Indian plant found in shady

places. Prnanc: Deschamps. St1necarorE: Hullett 29; Kunstler 90.

2. CAMPANUM@HA, Blume.

Perennial erect or climbing herbs with tuberous roots. Leaves

opposite, petiolate, usually cordate. Flowers usually large, solitary,

peduneled, terminal or axillary on short leafless flowering branches.

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, or below it, persistent, 4- to 6-partite

with spreading lobes. Corolla broadly campanulate, the base adherent

to the calyx-tube, 4- to 6-lobed; white, greenish, or lurid-purple in

colour. Stamens 4-6, inserted round the base of the corolla-tube ;

filaments dilated; anthers free. Ovary 4-6-celled, placentas thick,

many ovuled; style cylindric, stigma 4-6-cleft with short broad lobes.

Frwit a berry, sub-globose or with truncate top, indehiscent. Seeds

very many, small, ellipsoid.—Distris. 5-6 species, all of Hastern

tropical and sub-tropical and temperate Asia.

CAMPANUMHA CELEBICA, Blume Bijdr. 727. An erect herb reaching

4 to 5 feet in height, with horizontal spreading smooth branches.

54 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at base or cuneate, often

unequal, 3 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in. broad, serrate or almost entire, the

serratures mucronate; chartaceous; glabrous above, glaucous and

glabrous or with scattered pubescence beneath ; midrib slender, main-

nerves 4-6 pairs at about 30 degrees with the midrib, arching and

joining near the margin; petiole short, :15 to :25 in. long. Flowers

solitary, terminal or in the forks of a dichotomous cyme; peduncles

‘3 to *5 in. long, those of terminal flowers shorter ; bracts small linear.

Calyx-tube in bud shortly adnate to the ovary, in fruit often half-way

up; teeth -2 to °3 in. long, linear-lanceolate, often serrate. Corolla

epigynous, shortly campanulate, white or yellowish-white, -3 to °5 in.

long; lobes 5, triangular acute. Stamens ‘15 in. long; anthers linear,

05 in. long, filaments dilated. Ovary 5-6-celled; style thickened

upwards, then cylindric, angled; stigma about 4-cleft. Berry -3 to.

‘4 in. in diam., globose, white, slightly succulent, becoming nearly dry,

breaking up irregularly. Seeds very many, minute, ovoid, flattened,

testa smooth. A. DC. Monog. Camp. 120, Prod. VII. 423; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 436; Prain Beng. Plants I. 634. C. truncata,

Endl. Gen. Pl. I. 515. Codonopsis truncata, Wall. Cat. 1301; DC. Le.

123; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 566. C. leucocarpa and C. celebica, Miq..

lc. Il. 565, 566. C. albiflora, Griff. Notul. IV. 279. Cyclocodon

lancifoluwum, Kurz in Flora 303; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 210,

partly. C.truncatum, Hook. f. and Th. in Journ. Linn. Soe. II. 18.

C. adnatus, Griff.; Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 558. Campanula lancsfolia,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 505; DC lec. 485.

PENANG: Curtis 2089. Purax: Wray 3236; Scortechint.—DistRie..

India from the Sikkim Himalaya to Chittagong and Burma, Malay

Islands, Southern China.

3. PentapHRacma, Wall.

Fleshy perennial herbs, with short, often rooting, little-branched

stems. Leaves alternate, broad, rounded, sometimes very unequal at

the base, petioles rather long. Inflorescence of axillary or lateral dense

bracteate scorpioid spikes or racemes, the flowers generally in pairs

between the bracts. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; lobes 4-5,

superior, obtuse, persistent, unequal in size. Corolla campanulate, the:

tube short, lobes 4-5. Stamens 5 alternate with the corolla-lobes,

epigynous or on the corolla tube; anthers ovate or oblong; filaments

dilated, curved outwards when open. Ovary 3-5-celled; style short,

cylindric; stigma large, cylindric or conical, obscurely 4—5-lobed ;

placentas bifid, ovules many. /7wt a more or less succulent berry,

dehiscence unknown (cf. Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 506). Seeds very many,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 55

small, ellipsoid, testa reticulate-rugose——Distris. About 7 species,

all from the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula.

Leaves markedly serrate, very unequal-sided ie ... 1. P. begoniefolium.

Leayes entire or only slightly dentate, nearly or quite equal-

sided :—

Stem short, flower spikes from upper axils, calyx and corolla

usually 5-lobed oe a -- -. 2. P. Scortechinit.

Stem elongate, flower spikes from lower axils, calyx and

corolla usually 4-lobed .. oc ne .. 3. P. Ridleyi.

1. PENTAPHRAGMA BEGONIZFOLIUM, Wall. Cat. 1313. A _ short-

stemmed fleshy herb, with flexuose rooting stems and few branches

covered with crispate ferruginous woolly hairs. Leaves alternate,

ovate, the base obliquely excised on one side, cordate on the other,

shortly acuminate at apex, 6 to 10 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad, coarsely

serrate, sparsely crispate-villous ; midrib thick, near the excised side,

main-nerves 1 on the excised side, 4-5 on the other, the nerves again

branching outwards ; petiole :3 to 1 in. long, crispate-villous as are the

nerves beneath. Inflorescence a short, 1.to 4 in. long, scorpioid, shortly

peduncled spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate membranous

bracts ‘25 in. long, axillary in the uppermost leaves; flowers dull

yellow supported by an oblong or spathulate villous bracteole 2 in.

long, -1 in. broad. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ovoid, crispate

villous; lobes 5 obtuse, rounded, recurved, shorter than the tube,

crispate villous without, glabrous within. Corolla white, campanulate,

5-lobed, the lobes spreading and recurved, marcescent, oblong obtuse

glabrous. Stamens 5, free, -1 to ‘125 in. long; anthers oblong, filaments

dilated at base. Ovary turbinate, 3-celled; ovules many, on axile

placentas ; style short, stigma cylindrically peltate, obscurely 3-lobed.

Frwit a berry, dehiscence not known; seeds very many, testa pro-

minently reticulate. DC. Prod. VII. 495; Hook. f. and Th. in Journ.

Linn. Soc. IT. 26; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 568; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 210; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 437; Baillon

Hist. des Plantes, VIII. 323, t. 152-154; Schonl. in Engl. and Pr. Nat.

Pfiz—Fam. IV. 5, 60, fig. 37. Phytewma begonifoliwm, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 85, Fl. Ind. I. 505; Jack in Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 276, t. 57.

Penane: Wallich 1313; Mamgay 2266 (K.D. 712); Stoliczka ;

Deschamps; Hullett 200; Kunstler 1598. Prrax: Scortechini 336

(part); Wray 3668. Sinecarore: Lobb.—Distris. Mergui, Griffith.

A plant of the undergrowth in dense shady forests. Ridley (Trans.

Linn. Soc. III.) (1893, 315) says that it ‘“‘ grows on rocks along the

Tahan River, and also far in the woods, in rocky valleys, common.”’

2. PENTAPHRAGMA SCORTECHINII, n. sp., King & Gamble. A

56 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

short-stemmed fleshy herb, creeping and rooting below, afterwards

erect; branches flexuose, more or less crispately pilose. Leaves

alternate, ovate or oblong-ovate, blunt or very shortly acuminate at

apex, usually cuneately narrowed below and partly decurrent, some-

times slightly excised on one side; 4 to 10 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad,

entire or faintly dentate, margin often recurved, fleshy, glabrous or

slightly rough above, crispately pilose and pale beneath; midrib very

thick, sometimes slightly to one side, main-nerves about 4 pair, arched

upwards and again branched; petiole thick, 2 to 3 in. long, crispately

pilose. Inflorescence a short, 1 to 2 in. long, scorpioid, very shortly

peduneled spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate obtuse bracts,

axillary either singly or in pairs from the axils of upper leaves, or

lateral below them; flowers white with a yellow centre, bracteole

wanting. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ovoid, villous without; lobes

5, ovate obtuse, unequal in size, °15 to -2 in. long, 3-nerved. Corolla

campanulate, tube short; lobes 5 spreading and recurved, marcescent,

glabrous. Stamens free, ‘05 to ‘1 long, recurved; anthers linear;

filaments narrowly winged. Ovary turbinate, 3-celled; ovules many

immersed in fleshy axile placentas; style short, stigma conical,

obscurely lobed. Fruit a berry, apparently indehiscent ; seeds very

many, ellipsoid, papillose-reticulate.

PerAK: Scortechim 336; Wray 352, 389; King’s Collector 958,

2653. Panana: Ridley. Dense forest undergrowth in the hills at

2,000-4,000 feet, in moist places.

Var. parvifolia, King & Gamble, a smaller more erect plant, scarcely

more than 6 in. high; much less villous, the leaves smaller, oblong,

obtuse or slightly acute, 4 in. long and 2 in. broad; the inflorescence

shorter and the flowers smaller.

Pauane, at Salian River: Ridley. Sincarors, at Bukit Timah:

Firdley.

Var. flocculosa, King & Gamble, leaves ovate rotundate, thick,

younger ones densely clothed beneath with crispate villous felt, margins

recurved ; the main-nerves rarely more than two pairs, all starting from

close to the base. Inflorescence short, much curved, usually supported

by a pair of rounded reduced leaves. Corolla-lobes prominently recurved.

Anthers oblong, cells often divaricate.

Perak: Scortechini. JoHORE, at Goonong Pulai, 1,800 feet: G. King.

This species igs a very variable one, and some forms almost run into P. begonice-

folium. Owing to the calyx and corolla being persistent and more or less marcescent,

they vary much in size in different flowers on the same plant, and it is difficult to find

characters for the varieties, one or both of which may eventually prove to be separate

species.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 57

3. PENTAPHRAGMA RIDLEYI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A fleshy

herbaceous plant, 10 to 12 in. in height; stem -25 in. thick, smooth, at

first creeping afterwards erect. Leaves ovate, equal-sided, bluntly

acute at apex, cuneate at base, 6 to 8 in. long, 3°5 to 4°5 in. broad,

glabrous on both surfaces, entire or only very minutely dentate on the

margin; midrib broad, main-nerves 4-5 pairs nearly straight, slanting

upwards; petiole 1 in. long. Inflorescence a short, 1 to 1°5 in. long,

nearly sessile spike, with 2-ranked flowers between ovate-spathulate

usually 3-nerved glabrous pale bracts; each flower with a ‘15 in.

long, linear-spathulate, 1-nerved bracteole, ciliate at tip; flowers small,

‘2 to -25in. long, Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; lobes 4—5, equal or

unequal in size, usually -1 in. long, 3-nerved, the nerves arching.

Corolla-tube short, lobes 4-5, linear-oblong, emarginate, recurved,

glabrous without, minutely pubescent within, white spotted at base

with purple, nerves 3. Stamens adnate at base to the corolla-tube,

05 to -07 in. long, anthers club-shaped, filaments dilated below. Ovary

turbinate, 3-celled ; ovules many on axile placentas; stigma rounded,

3—5-lobed, on a very short conical style. Frwit a berry, conical at top,

apparently indehiscent; seeds rather few and large; testa beautifully

reticulate.

SINGAPORE: fizdley 103.—In damp ravines at Bukit Timah (Herb.

Kew).

4, SPHENOCLEA, Gaertn.

An annual erect glabrous herb, of marshy places. Leaves alternate,

lanceolate, entire. Flowers in dense cylindric terminal or leaf-opposed

peduncled spikes; very small, sessile, each with one bract and two

bracteoles. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate or hemispherical;

lobes 5, sub-foliaceous. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate. Stamens

5, inserted on the base of the corolla; filaments shortly dilated; anthers

short, free. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-celled; placentas axile, bearing

many ovules; style short, stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule semi-

inferior, depresso-globose, circumsciss at the margin of the calyx-tube,

the crown and calyx-lobes deciduous. Seeds very numerous, minute,

oblong. A single species.

SPHENOCLEA ZEYLANICA, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 1138, t. 24, fig. 5. An

erect annual herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate,

narrowed at both ends, 2 to 3 in. long, -25 to 1 in. broad, entire, sessile

or shortly petioled, smooth, midrib and main-nerves faint. Flowers in

dense, cylindric, terminal or leaf-opposed, peduncled spikes; peduncles

*) to 1 in. long; spikes -5 to 1:5 in., bract and bracteoles very small.

Calyz-tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate or hemispherical, lobes 5,

ovate, ‘05 to -06 in. long, somewhat enlarged in fruit and inflexed over

58 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

the disk. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, ‘07 to ‘1 in. long, greenish-

white, lobes short, rounded. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the

corolla-tube ; filaments short dilated; anthers 2-celled, rounded, about

as long as filaments. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-celled; placentas axile,

stalked, bearing many ovules; style short, stigma obscurely. 2-lobed.

Capsule depressed-globose, circumsciss at the margin of the calyx-tube,

the crown and calyx-lobes deciduous. Seeds very numerous, oblong,

minute, scabrous; testa reticulate with rectangular cells. Wall. Cat.

1516; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 507, Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. IT. 116;

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 569; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe. Beng. XLVI. ii.

209 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 438; Trimen FI. Ceyl. ITI. 519;

Baillon Hist. des Plantes, VIII. 327, t. 158-161; Cooke Bomb. Flora,

IT. 75; Prain Beng. Plants I. 635; Schonl. in Engl. and Pr. Pfiz—Fam.

IV. 5, 61, fig. 38. S. Pongatiwm, A. DC. Prod. VII. 548; Wight Ill. i

138. Pongatiwm imdicum, Lamk. Ill. Il. 444; Eneye. Meth. Bot. V.

564. Gaertnera Pangati, Retz Obs. VI. 24. Rapina herbacea, Lour.

Fl. Cochinch. (ed. Willd.) I. 157. Sphenoclea, Griff. Notul. IV. 276.

“ Pongati,’’ Rheede Hort. Mal. XI. 47, t. 24.

Mauacca: Grifith—Distrip. Swampy places and wet fields, and

along river banks in tropical regions of both hemispheres.

Order LXV. VACCINIACEHA.

Shrubs or small trees, often epiphytic, with stems swollen at the

base. Leaves alternate or in pseudo-whorls, entire dentate or serrate,

evergreen, ex-stipulate. lowers in terminal or axillary racemes, or

solitary and axillary, hermaphrodite, usually regular; pedicels 1-brac-

teate and also often with 2 bracteoles, often articulate beneath the

ovary.- Calyx campanulate or cupular, the tube adherent to the ovary,

its limb persistent on the fruit, usually 5-toothed. Corolla tubular

(sometimes inflated), campanulate or globose, 5-toothed or 5d-lobed,

usually imbricate, deciduous. Stamens 10, epigynous, inserted at the

base of the corolla-tube ; anthers opening by apical pores, or often pro-

duced into 2 tubes, opening by slits, filaments flattened, free or connate

by their bases. Ovary inferior, crowned by an epigynous disk, 5-celled

or falsely 10-celled; style cylindric; stigma simple; ovules many ©

(rarely few), the placentas axile or pendulous from the upper inner

angle of each cell. Fruit baccate, rarely dry, 5- or falsely 10-celled.

Seeds numerous or few (rarely only 1) in each cell, small, compressed,

albuminous. Species about 350, natives chiefly of cold and temperate

regions throughout the world.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 59

Corolla long and tubular or campanulate, with long segments :—

Calyx-tube terete He a of .. 1, AGAPETES.

Calyx-tube 5-winged or 5-angled Se .. 2. PENTAPTERYGIUM.

Corolla small, campanulate or ovoid, its lobes stort .. 3. VACCINIUM.

1. AgapEetss, D. Don.

Shrubs, often epiphytic, the stems often much swollen near the

base. Leaves usually coriaceous, alternate, sometimes in pseudo-

whorls, from linear to elliptic, entire or toothed, sessile or with short

petioles, often glandular near the base. Flowers axillary, solitary,

corymbose or in fascicles; the pedicel often thickened or articulate

under the ovary, bracts small. Calyx globose, the limb with 5 per-

sistent teeth or lobes. Corolla tubular or campanulate, the limb with

short or long lobes, red, but often with transverse marks or with

greenish-white lobes. Stamens 10, usually with short filaments ;

anthers oblong, each with 2 long apical processes, opening by pores or

slits, often spurred behind. Disk pulvinate, often lobed. Ovary 5-celled

or falsely 10-celled ; style cylindric ; stigma capitate; ovules numerous.

Berry globose, nearly dry or succulent, 5- or 10-celled, sometimes open-

ing by pores round the disk within the calyx-teeth. Seeds numerous,

ellipsoid, testa lax.—Distris. 30 species, mostly Himalayan, a few

Malayan.

AGAPETES GRIFFITHII, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 449.

An epiphytic shrub, 3 to 15 feet long, with a tuberous stem ; young

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, terete, glabrous. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, always caudate-

acuminate, the base rounded, both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when

dry, glabrous, minutely reticulate; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved,

ascending, faint on both surfaces; length 3:5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1 in. to

2°65 in. ; petiole -15in. long or under. Flowers ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, axillary,

always on slender pedicels four or five times as long as themselves,

with 1 or 2 narrow bracteoles near the base, glabrous, axillary, solitary,

in pairs or in lax racemes. Calyx ‘1 to -2 in. long (enlarging in fruit),

campanulate, with 5 deep spreading triangular lobes. Corolla -25 in.

long, tubular-campanulate, the mouth with 5 triangular sub-erect

acute lobes. Anthers inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, linear,

with 2 long apical beaks dehiscing longitudinally, and 2 posteriorly-

projecting curved spurs; filaments shorter than the anthers, hairy.

Fruit globular, glabrous, crowned by the small inflexed calyx-lobes-

Seeds about 20, compressed, tubercled, black.

Matacca: Griffith. Prrax: at elevations of 2,800 to 4,000 feet,

Wray 1071; King’s Collector 3831, 6363, 8051; Ridley 5532; Scortechint-

60 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. PaenTaprEeRycium, Klotsch.

Shrubs, often epiphytic and with stems much thickened at the

base. Leaves alternate, ovate or lanceolate, sub-entire or toothed,

coriaceous, often with glands at the apex of the petiole. Flowers

axillary, solitary, fascicled or corymbose; the pedicels thickened near

the apex, cupular and jointed under the ovary, bracts small. Calyz-

tube large, tubular, with 5 wings or prominent angles; its lobes 5,

enlarged in fruit. Corolla tubular, the mouth with 5 short lobes,

coloured red or yellow, and often transversely marked. Stamens 10,

epigynous, the filaments short; anthers elliptic, produced into 2 long

beaks, opening by apical pores or slits, and often spurred behind.

Ovary 5-celled or spuriously 10-celled; style cylindric, often exserted ;

stigma sub-capitate; ovules very numerous. f'rwt baccate, 5-winged

or 5-ribbed, 5-celled or spuriously 10-celled. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid.

—Distris. About 6 species, natives of Hastern Himalaya, Khasia,

Malay Peninsula.

PENTAPTERYGIUM SCORTECHINII, n. sp., King & Gamble. A sar-

mentose shrub, 4 to 10 feet long, growing on rocks or trees; young

branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, terete, glabrous, pale

brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, ovate to ovate-rotund,

the apex blunt or sub-acute, the base broad and rounded but sometimes

slightly emarginate, the edges much recurved when dry; upper surface

shining, glabrous, pale olivaceous-brown; the lower darker; midrib

strong, deeply depressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower ;

main-nerves about 4 pairs, spreading, the two lower much the larger,

all curved, mostly depressed on the upper surface and prominent on

the lower; length 1°75 to 3 in.; breadth ‘8 to 2 in. ; petioles -25 to 4 in.

Flowers 1 in. long, few together, in axillary or terminal corymbs; their

pedicels about ‘6 in. long, with 1 or more linear bracts at the base.

Calyx inflated, tubular, narrowed towards the mouth, glabrous, lobes of

the mouth triangular, acute, erect, the lower half of the tube attached

to the ovary. Corolla inserted on the concave disk of the ovary,

slightly exserted from the calyx, tubular, inflated towards the middle ;

lobes of the mouth short, lanceolate, reflexed ; tube with rufous pubes-

cence outside, glabrous within; style cylindric, glabrous, slightly ex-

serted. Frwt unknown.

Perak, at elevations of about 4,500 feet: King’s Collector 8152;

Wray 210; Scortechim 309.

3. VACCINIUM, Linn.

Shrubs, sometimes epiphytic. Leaves usually small, alternate, but

sometimes in pseudo-whorls, from lanceolate to ovate, entire or serrate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 61

Flowers usually small, axillary or terminal, in racemes fascicles or

corymbs rarely solitary, usually bracteate and bracteolate. Calyx-tube

globose, its teeth 4 or 5, small. Corolla urceolate, tubular or ovoid,

5-lobed, pink white or greenish-yellow. Stamens 8 or 10, free, inserted

near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers oblong, with two apical

cylindric tubes dehiscing by terminal slits, sometimes appendiculate at

the base (apical tubes very short in one or two species). Disk cushion-

shaped, convex, sometimes lobed. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, or falsely

8-10-celled; style cylindric; stigma simple; ovules few or several in

each cell. Hrwit a more or less globose berry, crowned by the persistent

calyx-lobes, 5-celled or falsely 10-celled. Seeds small, 1 or more in

each cell, ellipsoid, compressed ; testa firm, smooth.—Distris. Species

about 140, in the Northern Hemisphere or on mountain ranges in the

tropics.

Leaves broadly elliptic, ovate-rotund or oblanceolate, the

apex broad, sometimes minutely apiculate but never acute,

very coriaceous :—

Leaves under -75 in. in length, elliptic or obovate-ellip-

tic ; corolla -3 in. long, tapering to the mouth; a small

glabrous tree or bush. é . L. V. Scortechinit.

Leaves under 1 in. in jeneth, ae or elliptio ; ; corollane2

to -25 in. long, the mouth wide, truncate; an epiphytic

shrub, glabrous except the scurfy branches .. -- 2. V. microphylla.

Leaves elliptic, their apices sub-obtuse, the base truncate

or minutely cordate, 1 to 1°35 in. long; flowers enveloped

in large deciduous bracts oc 5c -- 3. V. glabrescens.

Leaves broadly oblanceolate or spathulate, much narrowed

to the base ete ae -. 4. V. viscifolium.

Leaves obovate- IES disiiti narrowed to the apex but

never acuminate, coriaceous; flowers °35 in. long, in

axillary racemes oc 50 .. 5. V. Teysmanni.

Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, jai acute acute or acumi-

nate :—

Leaves entire :—

Leaves glabrous :—

Leaves coriaceous :—

Leaves with 4 or 5 pairs of main-nerves; flowers

-2 in. long, in axillary and terminal racemes:

mouth of corolla entire or obscurely toothed ; a

shrub or small tree; anthers with short broad

beaks sie . 6. V. bancanum.

Leaves with 3 pairs of main-nerves; feoratle2 in.

long; its mouth with 5 short, broad, recurved

lobes; beaks of anthers truncate, shorter than the

cells, epiphytic ef . .. 1% V. Kunsilert.

Leaves sub-coriaceous, their main-nerves 3 pairs;

flowers -35 in. long; beaks of anthers more than

twice as long as the cells; epiphytic .. .. 8. V. Hasseltii.

62 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves pubescent or puberulous beneath :—

Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lan-

ceolate, with very long caudate acuminate ee

under surface pubescent or puberulous .. . 9. V. acuminatissimum.

Leaves serrate (sometimes faintly so) sub-coriaceous,

glabrous; flowers ‘3 in. long; beaks of anthers twice

aslong asthe cells .. Se ne .. 10. V. malaccense.

1. Vaccinium ScCORTECHINI, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

tree or large shrub; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill,

dark and much angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves small, coriaceous,

elliptic or obovate-elliptic, the apex rounded, the base slightly cuneate,

the edges much recurved; upper surface olivaceous-brown, shining

when dry; the lower brown, dull, faintly reticulate ; sparsely scaly ;

main-nerves a single pair, rarely 2 pairs, curving upwards, converging

at their apices, faint on both surfaces; the midrib depressed on the

upper surface, prominent on the lower; length -3 to -45 in.; breadth

-25 to °35 in.; petiole very short. lowers about °35 in. eae solitary,

axillary, Wer pedicels less than -1 in. long, minutely bracteate at the

base, pubescent like the outside of the calyx and corolla. Calyx cam-

panulate, the 5 teeth triangular, acute, erect. Corolla about 3 in. long,

cylindric, inflated below and tapering to the mouth; the lobes short,

broad, blunt, erect or reflexed. Stamens 10, each with 2 apical truncate

beaks shorter than themselves, but no basal processes ; filaments longer

than the anthers, hairy. Ovary with a flat top, 5-celled, each cell with

several ovules. Style cylindric, nearly as long as the corolla, pubescent

in its lower third, otherwise glabrous. Fvwit globular, crowned by the

inflexed calyx-lobes, tomentose, many-seeded ; seeds not compressed.

Prrak: Scortechint; Wray, at elevations of 6,000 and 6,700 feet,

888 and 356; King’s Collector 8028.

By the fall of the leaves, in the axils of which they are produced, the flowers

appear as if they were in racemes. This closely resembles V. buxifoiiwm and V.

coriaceum, Hook. fil., of which figures are given in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 891 and 892, but

this has much narrower flowers and broader leaves than either.

2. VACCINIUM MICROPHYLLUM, Blume Bijdr. 851. LHpiphytic on

tall trees ; a small much-branched shrub; young branches as thick as

a crow-quill, with small black deciduous scurf. Leaves coriaceous,

ovate or elliptic, the apex and base blunt, the former sometimes with a

minute apiculus ; upper surface bright olivaceous and shining when dry, '

the lower pale-brown and dull, both faintly reticulate when dry; main-

nerves usually a single pair, curving upwards from the base of the mid-

rib and passing to near the apex a little inside the edges, depressed like

the midrib on the upper surface when dry, but very faint on the lower ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 63

length ‘5 to 75 in.; breadth ‘3 tod in.; petioles about ‘05 in. long, hairy.

Flowers *2 to ‘25 in. long, axillary, usually solitary, decurved; pedicels

‘05 in. long, or less. Calyx inferior, about -2 in. across, flat, deeply

divided into 5 broadly triangular, sub-acute, spreading lobes. Corolla

glabrous, widely cylindric-campanulate, deeply cut into 5 broadly

triangular acute or sub-acute erect lobes. Stamens 10, from the base of

the corolla; anthers oblong, each with an apical process shorter than

itself but with no basal appendage ; filaments shorter than the anthers,

curved, expanded at the base. Ovary superior, broad with flat apex.

Style cylindric, as long as the corolla; stigma capitate; ovules few in

each cell. Hrwt globular, surrounded by and adherent to the calyx,

*2 in. in diam. Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1063. Diplycosia microphylla,

Beccari, Malesia 212; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 458.

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3484; Maimgay (K.D.) 700; Lobb.

Pxrak, at elevations of 3,000 feet: Wray 470, 1105; Scortechuw 1171;

King’s Collector 3660, 6390. Kepan: Ridley 5528, 5529.—DistTRIB.

Borneo, Celebes, Ternate.

3. VACCINIUM GLABRESCENS, n. sp., King & Gamble. LHpiphytic;

young branches rather thicker than a-crow-quill, dark-coloured when

dry, minutely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, the apex sub-

obtuse, the base sub-truncate and minutely cordate ; upper surface dark

olivaceous-brown when dry, reticulate, smooth, shining ; lower surface

brown when dry, minutely pubescent like the petiole (glabrescent when

old); main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, pinnate, ascending, rather straight ;

length 1 to 1:35 in.; breadth -6 to 1 in.; petiole under ‘1 in. long.

Facemes solitary, terminal, 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves, bearing

at the base of each flower a large lanceolate pubescent deciduous bract

-4 in. long and about -2 in. broad at the middle. Frwit sub-rotund or

ellipsoid, baccate, softly and minutely pubescent, crowned by the

inflexed triangular calyx-teeth, ‘2 in. long and -15 in. in diam., 5-celled,

each cell with several angled seeds.

Perak: Scortechint (without number).

4, VACCINIUM VISCIFOLIUM, n. sp., King & Gamble. Young

branches half as thick as a goose-quill, striate and pale-brown when

dry. Leaves very coriaceous, broadly oblanceolate or spathulate, the

apex very blunt, narrowed from below the middle to the short flattened

petiole, the edges slightly recurved; upper surface olivaceous when

dry, the lower bright brown, both glabrous ; main-nerves 2 or 3 pairs,

originating from the midrib near its base, ascending, little curved, very

prominent like the midrib on the upper surface but faint on the lower;

length 2 to 2:75 in. ; breath ‘8 to 1:25 in. ; petioles about:1 in. Hacemes

terminal and axillary, often forming, from the fall of the leaves, pseudo-

64 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

panicles several times longer than the leaves. Flowers not seen.

Fruit on curved deflexed peduncles, ‘5 in. in length, globular, baccate,

‘2 in. in diam., crowned by the persistent disk and by the 5 minute

triangular calyx-teeth, 10-celled, the cells with more than one small

angled seed.

Perak: Scortechin 405; Wray, at an elevation of 6,700 feet,

328.

Var. minor, King & Gamble. Leaves only 1:2 to 1'6 in. in length,

their 3 or 4 pairs of nerves not so much from the base of the midrib ;

racemes not much longer than the leaves; fruit only :15 in. in diam. ;

pedicels under -2 in. long. é

PERAE, at elevations of 5,000 feet : Scortechini 404 ; King’s Collector

8020.

5. Vaccinium Trysmanni, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1062. A medium-

sized tree ; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, dark-

coloured and striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, broadly obovate,

often almost rotund-obovate or elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, the apex

obtuse or rounded, rarely retuse or sub-acute, the base cuneate and

merging in the broad, sometimes glandular petiole; both surfaces

glabrous and faintly reticulate, upper olivaceous when dry, shining,

the lower dark-brown, the midrib broad on both; main-nerves 4 to 6

pairs, curving upwards and anastomosing freely, more prominent on

the upper than on the lower surface ; length 2°5 to 3:5 in. ; breadth 1-25

to 2:25 in.; petiole ‘2 to °4 in. long. Facemes slender, often longer than

the leaves, axillary and extra-axillary, their rachises somewhat com-

pressed and angled, often puberulous; pedicels slender, curved, minutely

bracteolate or ebracteolate at the base, -15 to -2 in. long. Flowers -35 in.

long; their pedicels ‘15 in. long, decurved or not, puberulous like the

outside of the calyx. Calyx less than ‘1 in. long, campanulate, with 5

acutely triangular spreading teeth. Corolla white, puberulous, narrowly

cylindric, tapering slightly to the mouth ; lobes 5, very short, spreading

or reflexed. Stamens 8 or 10, included or sub-exserted; anthers nar-

rowly oblong, with 2 long apical spurs, but without basal appendages,

shorter than the tapering hairy filaments. Ovary hemispheric, deeply

grooved ; style as long as the corolla, grooved; stigmas 5, very short,

linear. Capsule unknown.

Perak: On Gunong Bubu, at elevations of 4,500 feet, Scortechine

498, 443; Wray 1117, 3909; Curtis 8703.—Distris. Java. ;

6. Vaccinium BANcANUM, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 587. A small

tree; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, deciduously

puberulous, pale and angled when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to

elliptic-oblong, the apex sub-acute acute or acuminate, the base

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 65

cuneate ; both surfaces yellowish-brown when dry and rather dull, the

lower reticulate ; the edges slightly recurved or not; main-nerves 4 or

5 pairs, ascending, slightly curved, faint on both surfaces; length 1 to

2°5 in.; breadth *5 to ‘8 in.; petioles ‘1 in. long. acemes axillary and

terminal, twice as long as the leaves, their rachises puberulous, angled

when dry. Flowers -2 in. long; their pedicels slender, decurved, -1 to

‘2 in. long, puberulous, minutely bracteolate at the base. Calyx

puberulous, cupular, -15 in. across, deeply divided into 5 triangular

sub-acute spreading lobes. Corolla ovoid or ovoid-globulose, with trun-

cate, wide, entire, wavy or obscurely toothed mouth, puberulous outside.

Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla and inserted at its base; anthers

short, broad, with 2 short, trumpet-shaped, curved apical processes,

opening by wide pores, and, at the base of these processes behind,

2 curved, slender filamentous spurs; the filaments longer than the

anthers, flattened, tapering from the base upwards, pubescent. Ovary

depressed, bearing a slightly convex 10-grooved disk and many hairs.

Fruit -2 to :25 in. in diam., depressed-globular, crowned by the inflexed

calyx-lobes, minutely pubescent, 5-celled ; seeds numerous, triangular,

reticulate, shining. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 454. V. ez-

aristatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1873, Pt. II. 96; 1877,

Bits 252 Hors Bl, Burm: LE. 91.

PrERak, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,500 feet: Wray 328, 1528,

3912; King’s Collector 7018. Manacca: Mount Ophir, Mozon ;

Maingay (K.D.) 699.—Distris. Bangka.

7. Vaccinium KuNstLEeRI, n. sp., King & Gamble. Epiphytic;

everywhere glabrous; young branches one-third of the thickness of a

goose-quill, dark and striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate

or narrowly elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base much narrowed, the

edges slightly recurved; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper

tinged with olivaceous and reticulate ; main-nerves 3 pairs, ascending,

little curved, slightly prominent on the upper surface only ; length 2 to

2°5 in.; breadth -5 to -65 in.; petioles -1 to -15 in. long. Facemes about

as long as the leaves, axillary, minutely bracteolate at the base of the

flowers. Flowers :2 in. long, their puberulous pedicels slender, -1 to

15 in. long. Calyx cupular-campanulate, about -05 in. long, the limb

spreading, wavy, with indistinct broad lobes. Corolla tubular-ovoid,

15 to -2 in. long, the mouth with 5 broad, blunt, short recurved lobes.

Stamens 10, slightly shorter than the corolla or as long ; anthers small,

oblong, each with 2 short, diverging, apical truncate processes, but with

none at the base ; filaments three times as long as the anthers, taper-

ing, flattened and hairy below, cylindric above. Ovary 5-celled, with

several ovules in each cell, depressed; disk slightly convex with radiating

66 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

grooves; style slightly exserted, hairy below; stigma small. Frwt

globular, -2 in. in diam.

Perak, on Maxwell’s Hill, elevation 3,500 feet: Scortechini 39,

428 ; King’s Collector 8415.

This closely resembles V. bancanwm, Miq., but it is an epiphyte. Its leaves,

moreover, are narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, and they have only 3 pairs of main-

nerves. The flowers of this are puberulous, and the mouth of the corolla, instead of

being entire, has 5 broad, short, recurved lobes. The apical processes on the anthers

are also of a different shape from those in V. bancanum.

8. Vaccinium Hassexti, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 40. An

erect shrub; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, dark-

coloured and angled when dry, glabrous. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-

oblong, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, the apex acuminate (often caudately

so) ; upper surface olivaceous-brown, the lower paler; main-nerves 3

pairs, very slightly curved and erect or ascending, the lower pairs

passing almost to the apex, faint but distinct on both surfaces, some of

the nerves transverse, the others vertical ; length 1:5 to 2°5 in.; breadth

‘6 to 1:25 in.; petioles -2 to -25 in. long, slender. acemes axillary and

terminal, usually slightly longer than the leaves, their rachises at first

puberulous but ultimately glabrous, ebracteolate; flower-pedicels slender,

curved or straight, about -15 in. long. Calyx shortly cupular, with 5

spreading, broad, sub-acute or blunt teeth. Corolla about -35 in. long,

sub-cylindric, narrowing upwards to the mouth; the lobes 5, broad,

blunt, erect or reflexed, very short, each bearing a small tuft of hairs.

Stamens 10, as long as the corolla; anthers oblong, with 2 apical beaks

more than twice as long as themselves but with no basal appendages ;

the filaments shorter than the beaks but longer than the anther-cells,

broad and hairy at the base. Ovary much compressed, surmounted by

a large, much corrugated disk; style as long as the corolla, tapering,

boldly ridged. Frwt globular, smooth, glabrous, ‘3 in. in diam.,

crowned by the minute calyx-lobes. V. bancanum, Migq., var. anguste-

folium, Scheff.

Perak: King’s Collector 7515; Derry 3702; Wray 4012. Panane:

Ridley 1363, 10895. Jonorn: Ridley 6316, 6323. Sincapore: Lidley

3030, 63164, 8907.—Distris. Bangka.

9. VACCINIUM ACUMINATISSIMUM, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 36.

Epiphytic shrub, 3 to 8 feet long; young branches half as thick

as a goose-quill or less, clothed with short cinereous pubescence.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, the apex

caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges when dry much re-

curved; both surfaces dark olivaceous-brown when dry: the upper

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 67

shining, faintly and minutely reticulate, glabrous except the puberulous

midrib, lower surface dull, dark cinereous-puberulous, especially on

the midrib and nerves; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, unequal, slightly

curved, ascending, the second lowest pair much larger than the others

and more erect, all (like the midrib) depressed on the upper surface and

bold and prominent on the lower ; length 3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1 in. to

1:75 in.; petioles ‘15 in. long, pubescent and with several short hispid

axillary processes at their bases. tacemes axillary, shorter than the

leaves, slender, pubescent; flower-pedicels -1 in. long, pubescent like

the calyx, minutely bracteate at the base. Calyx when nearly ripe

-15 in. in diam., with an ovoid-globular tube pubescent outside, the

mouth with 5 triangular acute incurved lobes. Corolla not seen. Seeds

several, compressed, black, pitted. Hricacea, Wall. Cat. 7528.

PERAK, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet: Wray 1159, 1418,

2821; Scortechint 472; King’s Collector 3509, 6734, 7810. SINGAPORE:

Fidley 6235.—Distris. Sumatra (Beccari 516), Java, Borneo.

10. VaccInIuM MALACCENSE, Wight in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist VIII.

(1847) 172. An erect shrub; all parts except the inflorescence glabrous;

young branches as thick as a crow-quill, angled, brown when dry.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base

cuneate or acuminate, the edges finely crenate-serrate; both surfaces

brown when dry, the lower the paler ; main-nerves 4 or 4 pairs, slightly

curved, ascending, interarching within the edge, not prominent on

either surface; length 1 to 2-25 in.; breadth ‘6 to ‘9 in.; petioles -1 to

-15in. long. Hacemes axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves, many-

flowered, puberulous like the pedicels and flowers; pedicels slender,

curved downwards, ‘15 in. long (lengthening in fruit), each with 1 con-

cave, lanceolate, caducous bract at its base, and 1 or 2 smaller subulate

bracteoles inside it. Flowers °3 in. long. Calyx campanulate, under

-1 in. long, its lobes narrowly triangular, acuminate, spreading. Corolla

ovoid-cylindric, slightly narrowed to the mouth; lobes of limb very

short, reflexed. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla; anthers with

2 apical beaks longer than themselves but with no basal processes ;

filaments longer than the anthers, bulbous. and hairy at the base.

Ovary depressed, the disk thick; style cylindric, ridged, a little shorter

than the corolla. Fruit depressed-globose, glabrous, °35 in. broad.

Wight Ic. 1186; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 587; Clarke in Hook. f.

Fil. Br. Ind. III. 454. Epigyniwn malaccense, Klotzsch in Linnea,

XXIV. 50.

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3458/1; Maingay (K.D.) 698; Lobb.

SineaPoreE: Ridley. Panana: Ridley 1025. Prrax: Ridley 3605.—

Distris. Bangka, Java, Cochin-China.

68 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LXVI. ERICACEA.

Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or in pseudo-

whorls, ex-stipulate, entire or serrate. Flowers in racemes or fascicles

or solitary; pedicels bracteate and sometimes bi-bracteolate. Flowers

regular or (in Rhododendron) slightly irregular, hermaphrodite, some-

times dimorphous. Calyx free or (in Diplycosia) sometimes adnate to

the ovary, with 5 rarely 4 or 6, teeth or lobes. Corolla hypogynous,

persistent or deciduous, campanulate cylindric or urceolate, with 4 or

5 (varely 6 to 10) imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate teeth or lobes

(polypetalous in Pyrola). Stamens hypogynous or slightly attached to

the base of the corolla; 10, or sometimes 5, 8, or 20 (in Duplycosia

sometimes epigynous) ; filaments free or united into a tube by their

bases ; anthers 2-celled, basi- or dorsi-fixed, dehiscing by apical pores.

or slits, the cells often prolonged into apical tubes, sometimes dorsally »

spurred. Disk various, annular or convex, crenate or lobed, sometimes.

absent. Ovary 5-celled (rarely 4- to 16-celled) ; style slender, cylin-

dric; stigma capitate or plane, entire or shortly lobed. Ovules

numerous, rarely few, on placentas in the inner angles of the cells or

pendulous from the upper corner. /rwit capsular, 5-celled, many-

seeded, sometimes appearing baccate from the adherence of the enlarged

succulent calyx. Seeds many, small, angled or compressed, albumi-

nous ; the testa often loose.—Distris. About 1,200, in all parts of the

world.

Fruit capsular :—

Capsule 5-valved, loculicidal :—

Calyx surrounding the capsule succulent in fruit :—

Anthers with 2 horns at the apex .. a0 .. 1. GAvULTHERIA.

Anthers not horned on the apex .. 06 .. 2. Drpnycosia.

Calyx not succulent in fruit at 3. Pieris.

Capsule 5- to 20-celled, septicidal, calyx not suceulenin in iruit;

anthers dehiscing by pores .. O° o8 .. 4, RHODODENDRON..

Fruit baccate a AG ne oe .. 9. PERNETTYOPSIS..

1. GauuTHerRtié, Linn.

Hrect or procumbent shrubs, rarely epiphytic. Leaves coriaceous,

persistent, alternate, serrate or serrulate, penni-nerved. lowers small,,

occasionally dimorphic, in axillary or terminal racemes, or axillary and

solitary, bracteate and bi-bracteolate.. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes,

enlarged, succulent and coloured in fruit and enclosing the capsule, and

often with 2 simple or connate bracteoles at its base. Corolla ovoid-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 69

tubular or campanulate, greenish-white or reddish, the mouth with

5 spreading or recurved imbricate lobes. Stamens 10, included, attached

to the base of the corolla; anthers produced at the apex into 2 tubes,

and often also with 1 or 2 dorsal spurs ; filaments dilated at the base,

usually pilose (in some flowers the stamens small and the anthers

without appendages). Ovary 5-celled, sometimes 5-lobed ; style cylin-

dric; stigma simple; ovules many in each cell. Capsule 5-celled,

dehiscing loculicidally from the apex, enveloped in the succulent calyx;

seeds many, minute, sub-globose, angled.—Distrise. Species about 80,

mostly American, a few in the mountains of India and Malaya, a few

also in Australia and New Zealand.

Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute oe .. L. G. fragrantissima.

Leaves broadly ovate, caudate-acuminate 0 .. 2. G. leucocarpa.

1. GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA, Wall. in As. Research. XIII. 397,

with figure. A shrub; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill,

3-angled, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous,

elliptic or oblong-elliptic, sub-acute, the base cuneate, the edges crenate-

serrate ; both surfaces pale brown when dry and dull, strongly reticu-

late, the upper always glabrous, the lower with sparse black scales and

occasionally a few scattered hairs ; length 1:5 to 2:25 in.; breadth -75

to 1:2 in.; petioles -15 to -2in. acemes axillary, usually longer than

the leaves, slender, many-flowered; pedicels -15 in. long, deflexed,

each with a small triangular acute bract at its base and two broader

connate ones above its middle. Flowers :2in.long. Calyx campanu-

late, with 5 deep triangular lobes, puberulous, ‘05 in. long or less at

first, persistent and increasing to ‘2 in. with age. Corolla -15 in. long,

widely tubular, the mouth contracted and with 5 short blunt lobes.

Stamens 10; anthers elongate, included, the apex with 2 deeply bifid

apical horns ; filaments flattened at the base. Frwit depressed-globular,

with 5 deep grooves, *15 in. in diam., minutely pubescent, crowned by

the long, persistent, slightly clavate, cylindric style, many-seeded. DC.

Prod. VII. 593; Wall. Cat. 765; Wight Ic. 1196; Bot. Mag. t. 5984 ;

‘Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 457. G. fragrans, Don Prod.

151. G. punctata, Blume Bijdr. 850; DC. lc. 593; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 1055; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1877, II. 215, For.

Fl. Burm. II. 92. G. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 1523. G. Leschenaultu,

DC. lc. 593; Wight Ill. t. 141c, and Ic. 1195. Andromeda flexuosa,

Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 35. A. katagherensis, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 246.

SLeucothoe (?) katagherensis, DC. l.c. 606.

Perak, on the summit of Gunong Batu Pateh: Wray 879, 1580 ;

Scortechini 405 (in part)—Distris. British India, Ceylon, Sumatra,

Java.

70 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. GAULTHERIA LEUCOCARPA, Blume Bijdr. 856. A slender climber;

young branches as thick as a crow-quill, smooth, glabrous, pale-brown

when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, broadly ovate, shortly rather

abruptly and sharply caudate-acuminate, the base broad, emarginate or

sub-cordate ; edges minutely crenate-serrate ; upper surface olivaceous-

brown when dry, much and boldly reticulate, the nerves minutely

hairy ; lower surface pale-brown, reticulate, glabrous ; main-nerves 2 to

4 pairs, much curved, ascending, distinct on both surfaces ; length 2 to

4in.; breadth 1 to 2 in.; petioles 15 to-2 in. long. acemes slightly

supra-axillary, shorter than the leaves, their rachises compressed,

glabrous or pubescent; flower-pedicels rather less than ‘1 in. long in

flower, twice as long in fruit, each with a small ovate concave bract

atits base. lowers ‘3 in. long; their pedicels rather more than ‘1 in.

long, deflexed, puberulous, ebracteolate. Calyx less than -1 in. long,

puberulous, campanulate, with 5 small spreading sub-acute triangular

lobes. Corolla sub-cylindric, widest at the base and gradually tapering to

the mouth, teeth of the mouth very short, blunt, erect. Stamens 10;

anthers linear, beaked, shorter than the densely hairy tapering fila-

ments. Ovary inferior, depressed-hemispheric, crowned by a thick,

very concave, marginally grooved disk; style cylindric, tapering to the

apex, glabrous. fruit closely adnate to the calyx-tube, 5-celled, many-

seeded. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1056; Beccari Malesia, I. 213.

Prrak, at elevations of 5,000 to 6,700 feet: Wray 360, 1573, 4101 ;

Scortechim 1348 ; King’s Collector 8025.—Distris. Java, Sumatra.

2. DretycostA, Blume.

Epiphytic shrubs, glabrous or setose, evergreen. Leaves coriaceous,

alternate, entire or ciliate-serrate. Flowers small, axillary, solitary, on

pedicels bracteolate at the base. Calyx with 5 teeth or lobes, free or

half superior, accrescent in fruit, with 2 basal bracteoles connate into a

calyculus. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, with 5 slightly imbricate

recurved lobes. Stamens 10, as long as the corolla, and inserted at its

base, quite included or with the tips of the anthers exserted ; anthers

elongate, oblong, produced at the apex into two straight valvularly-

dehiscing tubes, but without dorsal appendages. Disk cupular, 10-

lobed. Ovary 5-celled; style filiform; stigma simple; ovules in the ~

cells numerous, attached to axile placentas. rwit superior or half-

superior, included in the succulent accrescent calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing

by 5 valves, many-seeded. Seeds minute, cuneate; testa lax, reticu-

late ; albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, cylindric.—Distris. Species about

14, all Indian or Malayan.

Flora of the Malayan Penimsula. gids

Leaves 2 to 5 in. long :—

Calyx-lobes broad, blunt .. fe He wae Le Ds latifold.

Calyx-lobes triangular, acute ate 5¢ .. 2. D. heterophylla.

Leaves 1°5 to 2 in. long oc ie oc -. 93. D. erythrina.

1. Dipnycosia LATiIFoLIA, Blume Bijdr. 858. A small glabrous

epiphytic shrub ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, pale

and angled when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the apex

shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate or somewhat rounded,

the edges recurved; both surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry, the

upper shining, the lower dull; the midrib bold, much raised on the.

lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper ; main-nerves 2 or 3

pairs, curving upwards, the lower pair usually longer than the others,

none of them very prominent on either surface, but more so on the

lower than on the upper, reticulations obsolete; length 3 to 5 in.;

breadth 1-35 to 3 in.; petioles -2 to ‘3 in. long. Flowers :2 in. long, in

axillary fascicles of 3 or 4; their pedicels slender, ‘1 to -15 in. long,

inserted 3 or 4 together on minute tubercles surrounded by several

small bracts. Calyx cupular, ‘1 in. across, with 5 broad, spreading,

obtuse, ciliolate lobes. Corolla :25 in. long, narrowly campanulate, con-

tracted into a short tube at the base, the limb deeply divided into

5 ovate sub-acute lobes, closely embracing the ovary. Stamens 10,

included ; anthers narrowly oblong, each with two short apical trun-

cate beaks but no basal processes ; the filaments slender in their upper

halves, the lower halves dilated and cohering into a tube. Ovary

5-celled, the apex broad, concave; style cylindric, about as long as

the corolla; stigma small, capitate. Fruit 5-celled; seeds numerous,

elongate, black, closely enveloped by the persistent corolla. Mig. Fl.

Ind. Bat. IT. 1055.

Perak, at elevations of 6,700 feet: Wray 364, 909, 2204; Scorte-

chint 339; King’s Collector 6797, 8023. Sutancor: Ridley 7556.—

DistRis. Java.

2. DIPLYCOSIA HETEROPHYLLA, Blume Bijdr. 858. A shrub; young

branches as thick as a crow-quill, coarsely rusty-pilose at first, after-

wards sub-glabrous, when dry pale and angled. Leaves coriaceous,

elliptic oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex and

base, the edges recurved ; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry,

the upper sub-reticulate and shining, the lower dull and not reticulate ;

main-nerves 1 pair following the edge from base to apex, distinct and

depressed like the midrib on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower ;

length 2 to 4 in.; breadth 1 to 2 in. ; petiole rather more than ‘2 in. long.

Flowers axillary, fascicled, rarely solitary, about ‘15 in. long, bearing

under the calyx 2 broadly reniform, acute, spreading concave bracts.

72 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx campanulate, with 5 broadly triangular erect lobes, closely

applied to the fruit. Corolla widely campanulate, -2 in. long, the teeth

5, broad, blunt, short, reflexed. /rwit superior, sub-rotund, smooth,

many-seeded, crowned by the fluted style; seeds oblong, concave, com-

pressed, numerous.

PERAK: Scortechini.

3. DiptycosiaA ERYTHRINA, King & Gamble. A small tree, 10 to

20 feet high; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous,

pale-brown when dry, angled. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic, the

apex obtuse or sub-acute, the base acute, the edges recurved ; both sur-

faces when dry pale-brown, the upper tinged with olivaceous, not

reticulate, quite glabrous; main-nerves 2 to 3 pairs, ascending, rather

straight, faint on both surfaces ; length 1:5 to 2 in. ; breadth -75 to 1 in.;

petioles ‘1 in. long, stout. Kacemes terminal, nearly twice as long as the

leaves, with a large narrowly elliptic leaf-like bract -4 to 6 in. long, and

‘1 to -2 in. broad at the base of each flower-pedicel; pedicels decurved,

‘15 in. long in the flower, rather more than twice as long in the fruit.

Flowers ‘4 in. long. Calyx -2 in. long, campanulate, with 5 spreading

triangular acute lobes. Corolla -35 in. long, cylindric, narrowed towards

the throat, glabrous; the mouth with 5 short, broad, blunt, recurved

lobes. Stamens 10, slightly exserted; anthers broadly oblong, with

neither apical nor basal appendages ; the filaments three times as long,

broadening towards the base, pubescent. Ovary inferior, its disk con-

vex, hairy ; style slightly exceeding the corolla, cylindric; stigma small,

capitate. Hrwt oblong-globose, -2 in. in diam., surmounted by the

inflexed calyx-lobes, sub-glabrous, pericarp leathery; cells 5, each

with several angular seeds. Vacciniwm erythrinum, Hook. Bot. Mag.

t. 4688.

PERAK, at elevations of 5,000 feet: Wray 3816; King’s Collector

7349 ; Scortechim.—Distris. Java, Sumatra.

3. Pieris, D. Don.

Trees or shrubs, with terete branchlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate,

entire or serrulate, persistent. acemes axillary and solitary, or ter-

minal and in panicles; pedicels bracteate and also with 1 or 2 brac-

teoles. Calyx free, with 5 teeth or lobes; the segments in bud open or

valvate. Corolla ovoid or elongate-urceolate, with 5 short recurved

teeth, white. Stamens 10; anther-cells ovoid-truncate ; filaments each

with 2 divaricate horns from its apex or ex-appendiculate. Ovary

globose with a lobed disk, 5-celled; ovules numerous; style cylindric ;

stigma capitellate or truncate. Capsule globose, dry, 5-celled, with .

5-valved loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds many, linear-oblong, falcate, not

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 73

winged, albuminous; testa loose.—Distris. Species 10; Himalaya and

the mountains of Burma and of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pipris ovauirouiA, D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. XVII. (1834)

159. A tree; young branches whitish-puberulous at first, afterwards

black and glabrous, about a third as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, ovate, shortly acuminate, the base broad and rounded,

the edges very slightly recurved ; upper surface blackish-brown when

dry, glabrous, the lower of a paler brown, minutely reticulate, puberu-

lous on the midrib and nerves; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, spreading,

curving slightly upwards, sharply prominent on the lower surface,

indistinct on the upper; length 4 to 5:25 in.; breadth 2 to 2°75 in.;

petiole -25 to °3 in. long, puberulous. acemes simple, axillary, 4 to

10 in. long, sometimes by suppression of the leaves forming a terminal

false panicle, more or less pubescent; bracts :2 in. long, linear or

lanceolate. Calyx-teeth connate at the base. Corolla narrowly ovoid,

white. Capsule globose, glabrous, ‘2 in. in diam. Seeds small, linear-

oblong. DC. Prod. VII. 599; Loudon, Arb. Brit. 570, fig. 1070;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 460. Andromeda ovalifolia, Wall.

Cat. 763, and in Asiat. Research, XIII. 391 (with fig.); Don Prod.

148; Wight Ic. t. 1199; Brandis For. Flora, 280; Kurz in Journ. As.

Soc. Beng., 1877, Pt. II. 216, For. Fl. Burm. II. 192. A. ellaptica,

Sieb. & Zuce. Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 126. Thibaudia, Griff. Ic. Pl.

Asiat. t. 514.

PERAK, at an elevation of 5,000 feet: Wray 1522.—DistR1B.

Himalaya up to 8,000 ft.; Khasia Hills; Burma; Japan.

4, RHODODENDRON, Linn.

Shrubs or trees, often aromatic often scaly. Leaves coriaceous,

entire, alternate, rarely sub-opposite or in false whorls, often clustered

near the ends of the branches. lowers in terminal fascicles or pseudo-

_corymbs, rarely solitary or axillary; bracts broad, usually caducous,

bracteoles linear. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, rarely cupular, sometimes

small or obsolete. Corolla campanulate, salver-shaped or funnel-shaped,

the tube long or short, the limb 5- to 10-lobed. Stamens usually 10

but sometimes 5 or 18; anthers oblong, dehiscing by terminal pores.

Ovary 5- to 20-celled; style long or short, filiform; stigma capitate ;

ovules numerous in each cell. Capsule short or elongate, always

woody, 5- to 20-celled, septicidally dehiscent, the valves separating

from the placentas from above downwards. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid,

albuminous, the testa often crested or tailed at one end or at both.

—Distris. Species about 160, in mountainous parts of Hurope, Asia,

and North America.

74 Flora of the Maiayan Peninsula.

Corolla widely campanulate, tubular only at the base :—

All parts glabrous, leaves not glaucous and without scales;

capsule 1to1‘5in. long .. 1. R. javanicum.

Lower surfaces of leaves glaucous, ae nerves and toucniee

tions hairy ; capsule ‘5 in. long oe 2. R. Wrayi.

Corolla narrowly campanulate or funnel- vere the fabs

inflated upwards and passing gradually into the limb; flowers

*35 to °85 in. long :—

Leaves obovate, °6 to ‘8in., and rarely as much as 1 in. long :—

All parts glabrous except the inflorescence 50 -. 3. RB. pauciflorum.

All parts more or less scaly a6 .. 4. R. perakense.

Leaves elliptic to elliptic-rotund, from 1:25 to oii in. tein -. 9. R. Scortechinit.

Corolla salver-shaped, the tube much longer than the limb :—

Tube of corolla from 1:25 to 1°6 in. long, and about -15 in. in

diam. from base to apex ; leaves sub-sessile, whorled, sparsely

scaly or glabrous 0 6. R. jasminiflorum.

Tube of corolla 2 in. long, 25 j in. sails near the ‘eee widen

ing to ‘4 in. or more near the mouth ; petioles :35 to-S5in.long 7. R. longiflorum.

Tube of corolla :6 in. long and about 2 in. in diam. ; petioles

“4 to ‘6 in. long ae oc 56 .- 8. R. malayanum.

Species imperfectly known .. a ore .. 9. R. dubium.

1. RHODODENDRON JAVANICUM, Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. p. 85, t. 19. An

epiphytic shrub, 3 to 8 feet long; all parts glabrous, esquamose ; young

branches rather thinner than a goose-quill. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, tapering to the acute apex and base; both

surfaces brown when dry (the lower rather the lighter), shining, the

midrib very prominent; main-nerves about 8 or 10 pairs, interarching

rather far from the edge, faint on the upper surface, obsolete on the

lower, the intermediate nerves almost as prominent; length 3:5 to

5'd in. ; breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petioles °3 to ‘75in. long. Umbels terminal,

5- to 7-flowered, enveloped in bud in broadly ovate apiculate bracts ;

pedicels °5 to 1‘5in.; bracteoles linear. Calyx cupular, less than -1 in.

deep, the mouth wavy. Corolla red, widely campanulate, 1°25 to 1-5 in.

long ; the tube widely funnel-shaped, cylindric at the base ; the limb 1:25

to 1:5 in. wide, with 5 large, broad, blunt spreading lobes. Stamens 10,

shorter than the corolla-limb ; the filaments slender ; the anthers oblong.

Ovary glabrous or slightly scaly (hairy in var. Teysmannt); style

shorter than the stamens, clavate, hemispheric. Capsule narrowly

cylindric, 1 to 1°5 in. long, and only ‘25 in. in diam., glabrous, slightly

ridged, crowned by the whole or part of the style. DC. Prod. VII.

721; Bot. Mag. t. 4366; Fl. des Serres (1847), t. 293; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 1057; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 42, t. 1p; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 463. Vireya javanica, Blume Bijdr. II. 854.

Matay Perninsunta: Lobb and others. Pxrnane: fidley 129.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 75

Kepag: Derry 5531. Perak: Scortechini 373, 1325; Derry 3705; For

129; King’s Collector 2335, 3672, 6916, 7008 ; Wray 1023. Styaapore :

fiidley.— Distris. Sumatra, Java, Celebes.

Var. Teysmanm, King & Gamble. Ovary densely hairy; fila-

ments hairy near the base, corolla yellow. . Teysmanmi, Migq. Fl.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 585; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 463.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1099, 10257; Curtis 530. PrErax: Wray

601, 623 ; King’s Collector 3672.—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

2. RHODODENDRON WaRrayl, n. sp., King & Gamble. A_ bush;

young branches as thick as a goose-quill, at first sparsely scaly, ulti-

mately glabrous. Leaves very coriaceous, elliptic or sub-obovate-elliptic,

the apex sub-acute, the base rounded, the edges recurved when dry;

upper surface dark-brown when dry, glabrous, the midrib much

depressed; lower surface white, glaucous, with short hairs on the

minute reticulations, the main-nerves, and the bold midrib; main-

nerves 6 to 12 pairs, spreading, curved, rather dark-coloured and con-

spicuous on the lower surface, invisible on the upper; length 1°75 to

3°0 in.; breadth -85 to 1-5 in.; petioles -4 to ‘8 in. long, stout, scaly.

Umbels terminal, 8- to 12-flowered, unequal, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, scaly.

Fllower-buds enveloped in obovate-oblong apiculate bracts, the inner

tomentose externally, the outer glabrous, all deciduous. Calyx

cupular, 5-toothed, less than -1 in. deep. Corolla glabrous, white,

tinged with pale pink and spotted in the throat, widely campanulate

from a tubular base, about 1:25 in. long, and rather more in breadth at

the mouth ; lobes of the limb 5, broadly ovate, spreading. Stamens 10;

filaments shorter than the corolla, glabrous; anthers oblong. Ovary

hairy ; style glabrous, longer than the stamens; stigma hemispheric,

lobed. Capsule only -5 in. long and about half as much in diam., not

apiculate, tomentose, ridged, 5-celled.

PeErRAK, at from 3,500 to 7,000 feet: Wray 322, 886, 1569; Scorte-

chin.

3. RHODODENDRON PAUCIFLORUM, n. sp., King & Gamble. A small

shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches as

thick as a crow-quill, smooth. Leaves coriaceous, obovate, rarely

rotund-obovate, the apex broad, usually minutely retuse, the base much

narrowed, the edges recurved; upper surface olivaceous, the lower

brown when dry ; the midrib stout and prominent on the lower surface,

depressed on the upper (when dry); main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, indis-

tinct on both surfaces ; length ‘6 to 1 in. ; breadth -4 to -65 in. ; petioles

less than*l in. long. Flowers 1 or 2, terminal ; their pedicels pubescent,

‘25 to ‘6 in. long, with 1 or 2 loose sheathing deciduous bracts at their

bases. Calyx cupular, about -1 in. long, obscurely toothed. Corolla

76 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bright red, infundibuliform-campanulate, ‘2 to -3 in. wide at the throat

and from ‘5 to ‘85 in. long; the limb spreading, -5 to ‘75 in. across,

divided into 5, broad, blunt lobes, the tube °35 to ‘5 in, long. Capsule

unknown.

PERAK, on Gunong Batu Pateh at an elevation of 4,500 feet: Wray

231; Scortechini 345n.

4. RHODODENDRON PERAKENSE, n. sp., King & Gamble. LEpi-

phytic ; a small shrub with very scaly young branches as thick as a

crow-quill. Leaves very coriaceous, obovate or broadly oblanceolate,

obtuse, much narrowed to the base, the edges recurved; upper surface

olivaceous when dry, at first with a few large scales but ultimately

glabrous, reticulate, the midrib depressed ; lower surface dark brown,

with persistent large dark scales in pits, the midrib very thick and

prominent ; main-nerves 2 (rarely 3) pairs, spreading, very prominent

on the under surface, and, like the midrib, with persistent large dark

scales ; length -6 to ‘8 in. ; breadth -3 to -4 in.; petioles about -1 in. long.

Umebels terminal, 3- to 5-flowered, covered in bud by broad rounded

deciduous bracts with ciliate edges; pedicels -25 to 3 in. long, slightly

scaly. lowers -35 to -4 in. long. Calyx shallow, cupular, its edges

wavy. Corolla bright yellow, narrowly campanulate, the mouth with

broad, slightly spreading lobes. Stamens not exserted; filaments

glabrous, anthers short. Ovary sub-glabrous; style not exserted;

stigma clavate, truncate. Capsule 3 in. long, dehiscing by 5 straight

untwisted valves.

PERAK, at an elevation of 7,000 feet: Wray 1574.

5. RHODODENDRON SCORTECHINI,, n. sp., King & Gamble. Shrubby,

epiphytic or terrestrial, when the latter sometimes sub-arboreous ;

young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, smooth, terete. Leaves

very coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-rotund or obovate, the apex obtuse

and sometimes faintly notched, the base cuneate, the edges recurved ;

upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous, shining, .

depressed-reticulate; lower surface of a uniform warm brown, not

reticulate, pitted and minutely scaly; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spread-

ing, depressed on the upper surface, and raised on the lower (some-

times very much so); midrib much depressed on the upper surface

and prominent on the lower (when dry); length 1:25 to 2 in.; breadth

75 to 1:25 in. ; petioles ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, scaly. Umbels terminal, 4- to

7-flowered ; the pedicels unequal, ‘5 to 1 in. long (longer in fruit).

Flowers about °75 in. long. Calyx short, cupular, with many rounded

teeth. Corolla yellow (sometimes very pale), ‘75 in. long, widely

funnel-shaped, the mouth about ‘6 in. across, with 5 deep, broadly

ovate, slightly spreading lobes, the outer surface with many dark-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula: its

coloured scales. Stamens about 8, slightly or not at all exserted ; fila-

ments glabrous; anthers elliptic, small. Ovary scaly; style slightly

exserted, glabrous; stigma clavate-hemispheric, lobed. Capsule 5 in.

long, scaly, shortly apiculate, 5-valved, the valves not twisted in

dehiscence.

PeERAk, at elevations of 5,000 to 7,000 feet: Scortechini 4018, 753 ;

Wray 311, 1572, 3840; Cantley.

6. RHODODENDRON JASMINIFLORUM, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4524.

Usually epiphytic; a small shrub, only a few feet high; young

branches somewhat less than half as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous.

Leaves in whorls, thickly coriaceous, almost sessile, broadly elliptic to

elliptic-rotund, the apex acute, the base rounded and minutely cordate ;

upper surface when dry pale olivaceous-brown, sometimes with a few

small loose scales, the 5 to 7 pairs of spreading main-nerves slightly

distinct and (like the midrib) depressed ; the lower darker brown, not

olivaceous, the nerves very faint but the midrib pale and prominent ;

length 1:25 to 3 in.; breadth 1 to 1°5 in.; petiole ‘Lin. long. Umbels

terminal, 8- to 20-flowered ; the pedicels filiform, -75 to 1 in. long, scaly

and hairy ; bracteoles membranous, broad, glabrous, -25 to ‘5 in. long.

Calyx a shallow toothed cup, less than ‘1 in. deep. Corolla white,

salver-shaped ; the tube narrowly cylindric, sparsely sealy or glabrous

outside, about °15 in. in diam. and 1-25 to 1-6 in. long (when dry); the

limb one-third as long, spreading, with 5 deep, broad, obovate-obtuse

or rotund lobes. Stamens 10, the filaments shortly exserted, thin,

pubescent; anthers short, broad. Ovary 5-celled, pubescent; style

longer than the corolla-tube, pubescent; stigma depressed-capitate,

grooved. Capsule about -75 to 1 in. long, narrowly sub-cylindric, much

apiculate, ridged, its valves recurved to the base and often twisted.

Lemaire, Jard Fleur. t. 41; Lllust. Hortic. (1859) t. 203; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fi. Br. Ind. IIT. 463; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1059.

Mauacca, on Mount Ophir: Griffith (K.D.) 3504; Maingay (K.D.)

701; Ridley. Perak: Wray 1635; Scortechint; King’s Collector 3586,

3645, 6909 ; Ridley 124.—Distrip. Java, Sumatra.

7. RHODODENDRON LONGIFLORUM, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soe. III.

88 with figure. Epiphytic; 3 to 6 feet high ; young branches half as.

thick as a goose-quill, densely scaly like the petioles. Leaves coriaceous,

usually elliptic-oblong, sometimes elliptic or oblanceolate, sub-acute or

acute, much narrowed to the base; upper surface when dry olivaceous-

brown, coarsely and widely reticulate with broad black scales, especi-

ally on the depressed midrib, the 5 to 7 pairs of spreading main-nerves

faint; lower surface brown, uniformly covered with black deciduous

scales, ultimately glabrous ; the main-nerves indistinct but the midrib

78 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stout and prominent; length 2°25 to 3:5 in.; breadth 8 to 1°5 in.;

petioles ‘35 to ‘5 in. long, stout. Umbels terminal, 5- to 7-flowered; flower-

pedicels ‘5 to 8 in. long, scaly or glabrous. Flowers about 2 in. long,

glabrous outside, narrowly sub-campanulate, almost salver-shaped.

Calyx small, cupular, with wavy edges, under 05 in. deep. Corolla

red, infundibuliform ; its tube about -25 in. wide near the base but

expanding gradually to about -4 in. or more near the mouth, about three

times as long as the broadly bluntly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 10, the

filaments slender, pubescent, slightly exserted; anthers short, blunt.

Ovary densely hairy like the style; stigma clavate. Capsule unknown.

Fl. des Serres, V. p. 477-480F.

PerRAK: Scortechint 385, 553, 1409; King’s Collector 1864, 5181.—

Distris. Borneo, Sumatra.

8. RHODODENDRON MALAYANUM, Jack in Mal. Mise. II. n. 7,17. An

erect straggling shrub, 3 to 15 feet high, all parts more or less glan-

dular and scaly ; young branches less than half as thick as a goose-

quill. Leaves narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, the apex and base acute

or sub-acute, the edges recurved when dry; upper surface shining,

glabrous, and olivaceous when dry, the 5 to 8 pairs of main-nerves

faint, slightly depressed, the midrib much depressed and often scaly ;

the lower of a deep uniform brownish-cinereous colour and with

numerous dark scales, the nerves obsolete but the midrib bold and pro-

minent ; length 1°75 to 3-25 in.; breadth -75 to 1-25 in. ; petioles -4 to

-6 in. long, covered with large black scales. Umbels terminal, 3- to 5-

flowered. Flowers ‘8 in. long, their pedicels ‘25 to -35 in. long, slender,

scaly. Calyx cupular, 5-toothed, less than ‘05 in. deep. Corolla red,

glabrous, ‘8 in. long (when dry), salver-shaped, the tube about -2 in. in

diam. when dry, about ‘6 in. long, the limb about ‘5 in. across when

dry, with 5 broad, blunt, cuneate lobes. Stamens 10, their filaments

glabrous. Ovary 5-celled; style slightly exserted from the throat of

the corolla, glabrous ; stigma clavate. Capsule about 1 in. long, slender,

ridged, the valves much recurved, twisted. Hook. Journ. Bot. I. 369 ;

DC. Prod. VII. 725; Bot. Mag. t. 6045; Beccari Malesia, I. 205;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 463. &. twbiflorwm and Ff. cele-

bicum, DC. lc. 725; Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 44, t. 2an;

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1059. £#. lampongum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 585.

Vireya tubiflora and V. celebica, Blume Bijdr. 855, 854.

Mauacca : on Mount Ophir, 4,000 ft., Griffith (K.D.) 3503 ; Maingay

(K.D.) 702; Wray; Kurz. Prrax: Scortechini 385, 2336; Wray 614;

King’s Collector 3227, 8076. Prnane: Ridley 125. Srnancor: Ridley

7557.—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

9. RHODODENDRON DUBIUM, n. sp., King & Gamble. A shrub or small

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 79

tree ; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown

when dry, slightly pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, oblong-

elliptic, the apex sub-acute, narrowed from about the middle to the

acute or rounded base ; both surfaces dull brown when dry and minutely

reticulate, the lower pale; main-nerves 15 to 18 pairs, slightly curved,

spreading, indistinct on the upper surface, rather distinct on the lower;

the midrib very bold and prominent on the lower surface, faint and

depressed on the upper; length 3:5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1 to 2 in. ; petiole

-75 to 1 in. long, stout. Umbels agua stalked, 3- to 8- sore:

flower-pedicels unequal, -75 to 1°35 in. long, stout, glabrous. Flowers

unknown. Calyx cupular,-1 in. deep, the mouth wavy. Ovary densely

rufescent-pubescent. Capsule -4 to ‘7 in. long, rusty-pubescent, very

slightly ridged, dehiscing by 5 straight valves, crowned by the persistent

pubescent style.

PERAK, at an elevation of 3,400 feet: Wray 233, 460: Scortechins

367.

5. Parnettyopsis, King & Gamble, nov. gen.

Small rigid epiphytic shrubs. Leaves alternate, on short hispid

petioles, minutely sub-crenulate, coriaceous, persistent. lowers soli-

tary or in pairs, axillary, with 2 (rarely 3) rather large bracts at their

bases forming an involucre; pedicels decurved in fruit. Calyx larger

than the corolla, rotate, deeply 5-partite, persistent and unchanged in

fruit. Corolla urceolate or ovoid, glabrous, the mouth constricted and

with 5 short reflexed teeth. Stamens 10, free, included, the filaments

slightly attached by their somewhat dilated bases to the bottom of the

corolla-tube. Anthers short, inappendiculate at the back or base,

oblong, the apices prolonged into 2 long porously dehiscing tubes.

Ovary faintly 5-lobed, 5-celled ; style columnar ; stigma simple; ovules

numerous, the placentas on the inner angles of the loculi. Berry

globose, 5-celled. Seeds minute, compressed, numerous, angled ; testa

erustaceous.—DIsTRIB. Species 2, both Malayan.

Calyx densely rusty-tomentose .. oe -. 1. P. malayana.

_ Calyx glabrous except the tips of the fahene es .. 2. P. sub-glabra.

1, PERNETTYOPSIS MALAYANA, n. sp., King & Gamble. EHpiphytic;

a bush a foot or two in height; young branches half as thick as a

goose-quill, sparsely clothed near their apices with flat adpressed black

_ bristles less than ‘1 in. long. Leaves thickly coriaceous, rotund, obovate

to elliptic, the apex broad, minutely apiculate, the base slightly nar-

rowed ; upper surface olivaceous-brown when dry, shining, the midrib

and main-nerves deeply depressed, the reticulations less so; lower

80 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

surface pale dull-brown, with sparse pits, each bearing a short adpressed

dark hair, the edges wavy, sub-serrate and adpressed-ciliate ; main-

nerves 2 or 3 pairs, curving upwards and inwards and interarching,

thick but faint on the lower surface; length 1:25 to 2 in.; breadth

75 to 1:35 in.; petioles -1 to ‘2 in., adpressed-bristly. Flowers

solitary or in pairs, ‘4 or ‘5 in. long, axillary, pedicellate, the pedi-

cels ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, twice as long (or more) in fruit, densely rusty-

tomentose and recurved when young, erect and less woolly when old.

Involucral bracts usually 2, thick, about -2 in. long, broad, glabrous

inside, rusty-tomentose outside. Calyx larger than corolla, rotate,

deeply divided into 5 lanceolate, somewhat spreading, lobes; rusty-

tomentose outside and sub-glabrous inside. Corolla a little shorter

than the calyx, glabrous, ovoid-globular, its mouth contracted and with

5 short reflexed teeth. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla, and

inserted near its base; anthers oblong, broad, cordate and inappendicu-

late at the base ; the apex prolonged into 2 white apically porous tubes ;

filaments short, bent. Ovary sub-globular, laxly and deciduously

tomentose, 5-celled ; ovules numerous, oblong-concave, attached by the

middle to the axillary placentas; style cylindric, slightly grooved,

twice as long as the corolla. Fruit a berry with scanty pulp, blue

when ripe, the seeds red.

Perak, at elevations of about 6,500 feet, on the summit of Gunong

Batu Pateh: Scortechim 402; Wray 312.

2. PERNETTYOPSIS SUB-GLABRA, n. sp., King & Gamble. A

small, rigid, epiphytic shrub; young stems slightly thicker than a

crow-quill, with a few adpressed bristles near the ends, otherwise

glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, sub-rotund to elliptic-rotund, minutely

apiculate ; upper surface dull-brown, minutely reticulate, glabrous, the

lower reddish-brown, with a few small adpressed hairs with black

bases ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curving upwards, deeply depressed

on the upper surface like the midrib, less so on the lower; the

edges minutely sub-serrate and sparsely adpressed-ciliate ; length ‘8 to

15 in.; breadth -75 to 1:25 in. ; petiole ‘15 to 25 in. long, adpressed-

bristly. Bracts under the flower 2 or 3, broad, rusty-pubescent

externally like the pedicel. Calyx longer than the corolla, rotate,

with 5 deep lanceolate spreading lobes, glabrous except the rusty-

pubescent tips. Corolla, stamens, ovary, and style as in P. malayana.

Fruit unknown.

PERAK, at elevations of 5,000 feet: Scortechint 752; King’s

Collector 7407.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 81

Order LXVII. MONOTROPEA.

[By D. Prai.]

Leafiess, erect, white or coloured root-parasites ; stems herbaceous,

_ scaly, simple or forked. Flowers solitary on the stem or branches,

regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals usually resembling the scales, 2 to 6,

often deciduous. Petals 3 to 6. Stamens 6 to 12, hypogynous, 2-seriate ;

filaments filiform or flattened; anthers 2-celled, or by confluence

l-celled. Ovary superior, globose or fusiform, 1- to 6-celled; style

cylindric, stigma peltate; ovules very many on axial or parietal

placentas. Frwit capsular, loculicidally 4- to 6-valved, or indehiscent

and baceate. Seeds very many, minute; testa often loosely saccate ;

embryo very minute, solid.—Distrrp. Genera 9, in dense woods,

mostly in temperate regions, all in the northern hemisphere.

1. CHErmoTHECA, Hook. fil.

Small herbs, with erect, simple or forked, white or coloured stems ;

branches 1-flowered. Sepals 3 to 5, narrowly oblong like the upper-

most stem-scales. Petals 3, erect, obtuse. Stamens 6; anthers linear,

cells 2, confluent at the apex, dehiscing by marginal slits or pores.

Ovary fusiform, 1-celled, narrowed into the cylindric style; stigma

globose-conic, usually slightly lobed ; placentas 6, parietal, 2-fid, the

segments covered throughout by numerous ovules. Frwit fleshy, inde-

hiscent, baccate—Distris. Species 2, Indo-Chinese and Malayan.

1. CHEILOTHECA MALAYANA, Scort. in Hook. fil. Icon. Plant., XVI.

t. 1564. A root-parasite in dense forest; stem herbaceous, erect,

simple gr 2- to 3-forked, 6 to 9 in. high, stoutish. Scales ovate-oblong,

obtuse, imbricated, gradually increasing upwards, lurid purple (Scorte-

chim) or waxy white (Kunstler). Flowers terminal on stem and

branches, 1 in. long, hidden inside the uppermost scales, and bright

yellow (Kunstler), or with the tips of the petals exserted and white

(Scortechini). Sepals 5, resembling the uppermost scales, imbricate,

-linear-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, glabrous. Petals 3, rather larger

than the sepals, rounded-cucullate at the apex, externally glabrous,

internally more or less pilose. Stamens 6, filaments puberulous or

pilose, alternately somewhat shorter and longer ; anthers short, innate,

hippocrepiform, cells confluent at apex, dehiscing by marginal pores.

Ovary narrowly fusiform; stigma obscurely 4-lobed; placentas 6,

parietal. Fruit white, fleshy, baccate, ‘75 in. across, tipped by the

persistent remains of the stout style. Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXXIIT. 2, 205.

82 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak, in heavy jungle at about 3,500 feet elevation: Scortechint ;

Kunstler 2715.

According to the field notes recorded by these two careful collectors the specimens

gathered by Kunstler differ from those obtained by Scortechini; in the latter the

scales were lurid purple and the flowers were white, in the former the scales were waxy

white and the flowers bright yellow. The petals in Kunstler’s plant are sparingly

hirsute within and the anthers are nearly twice as long. In other respects, however,

the two plants are identical, and the doubt that one feels in connection with the two is

not so much as to whether they are conspecific, as it is as to whether this Malayan

Cheilotheca be really specifically separable from the species from the Khasia Hills upon

which Hooker originally based the very distinct genus Cheilotheca. The only very

tangible differences are that in the Khasia plant only 3 to 4 scales can be with pro-

priety considered sepals, whereas in the Malayan one the number of sepals, as apart

from the upper scales or bracts, is 5; and that in the Khasia plant the anthers are

long, like linear lips on each side of the connective, whereas in the Malayan plant the

anthers are much shorter and distinctly hippocrepiform. The fruit appears to be

quite indehiscent, and thus deviates from the fruit in other genera of Monotropee,

which, so far as is known, is always loculicidally dehiscent.

Order LXVIII. EPACRIDEA,

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite or

pseudo-verticillate, articulated with the branches, sometimes fascicled

or imbricate, coriaceous or rigid, persistent, entire, with parallel longi-

tudinal nerves; ex-stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary and

axillary or terminal, spicate or racemose, generally white or red; usually

bracteate and usually 2-bracteolate, the bracteoles similar to the sepals.

Calyx 4- to 5-partite, the segments coriaceous, striate, imbricate, per-

sistent. Corolla 4- to d-fid, monopetalous, deciduous or sometimes

marcescent ; the tube short or long, often cylindric or funnel-shaped ;

the lobes short or long, erect, patent or recurved, imbricate or valvate,

persistent. Stamens 5, rarely 4, hypogynous or epipetalous, the fila-

ments short or long, filiform or flattened, free; the anthers dorsifixed,

oblong, dehiscing along their whole length by a single slit, 1-celled or

spuriously 2-celled. Disk cupular, annular or of simple or bifid scales

equal in number to the carpels. Ovary globose or ovoid, 1- to 10-

celled; style terminal, short or long, filiform; stigmas punctiform,

discoid or lobulate, sometimes annular or indusiate ; ovules in each cell

solitary, pendulous, rarely erect; or many on a central placenta. Mrwit

drupaceous, with 2 to 5 1-seeded pyrenes; or a many-seeded capsule.

Seeds small, with fleshy albumen, testa membranaceous ; embryo axile,

orthotropous, smooth; cotyledons short; radicle elongate, near the

hilum,—Distris, About 320 species, nearly all Australian, a few in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 83

New Caledonia and New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, or the Malay

Archipelago.

Leucorocon, Br.

Shrubs, erect or prostrate, branching, rarely trees. Leaves various,

sessile or petiolate, striate-nerved. Flowers small, white, in axillary or

terminal spikes or racemes, the rachis ending in an imperfect flower;

bract 1, bracteoles 2 to 3 under the calyx. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-

tube funnel-shaped or campanulate; lobes 5, valvate in bud, patent or

upper part recurved, hairy within. Stamens fixed to the top of the

corolla-tube, filaments short, filiform; anthers dorsifixed, included or

semi-exsert, linear or oblong. Ovary 2- to 5-celled; style short or

elongated, terminal; stigma sub-capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell,

pendulous. Frwit drupaceous, with a crustaceous or bony endocarp,

1- to 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds small.—Disrrrp. About 130

species, all but about 20 Australian, the rest in New Zealand, the

Pacific Islands, and the Malay Archipelago.

LEUCOPOGON MALAYANUS, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. v. 20, and Hook.

Bot. Misc. II. 71. A small branching shrub, reaching 3 to 6 feet in

height ; branches grey, marked by the scars of fallen leaves, branchlets

very leafy ; branch-buds elongate, supported by imbricate parallel-veined

ciliate deciduous scales. Leaves alternate, sessile, stiff, entire, narrowly

lanceolate, acute and mucronate at apex, 1:5 to 2:5 in. long, ‘3 to soyeLEs

broad, shining and convex above, dull or. glaucous beneath, ciliate when

young ; midrib none, nerves very close, slender, longitudinally parallel,

in old leaves scarcely visible. Flowers in short axillary 3- to 7-flowered

spikes, ‘5 in. long, the last flower imperfect; rachis villous, sometimes

flexuose; bracts ovate, recurved, bracteoles 2, ovate, acute, ciliate,

closely embracing the calyx. Calyz-lobes 5, crustaceous, elliptic-

oblong, ‘125 in. long, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, ‘1 to °2 in. long ;

lobes 5, ‘1 to 15 in. long, spreading, villous within. Hypogynous scales

5, minute, free, obtuse. Stamens 5, short, alternate with the corolla-

lobes; filaments inserted near the top of the anthers; anthers curved,

pendent, opening longitudinally; pollen globose. Ovary 5-celled ;

ovule 1 in each cell, oblong; style erect, -05 in. long, villous; stigma

sub-globose. Frwit a 5-celled baccate drupe, ‘1 to -2 in. in diam., each

cell 1-seeded. Seeds not seen. Wall. Cat. 3720; Wall. in Roxb. FI.

‘Ind., ed. Carey and Wall. IT. 301; G. Don Gen. Syst. III. 777; DC.

Prod. VII. 744; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1052; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and For. Fl. II. 95; Clarke in Hook. f. Fi. Br.

Ind. III. 477. Styphelia malayica, Spreng. Syst. IV. Cur. post, 67.

Perak: Scortechini 760; Cantley 46; King’s Collector 7428, 8056.

84 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Mauacca: Jack; Griffith (K.D.) 3453/1; Maingay (K.D.) 704; Lobb ;

on Mount Ophir, Moxon; Ridley. Stnecapore: Jack; Sir BR. Schom-

burgk 50; Wallich 8720; Ridley 1832.—Distris. Bangka, Teysmann ;

Borneo, fidley.

Var. moluccana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217, and

For. Fl. II. 96. Leaves ‘5 to 1 in. long, subulate-pointed, venation

more prominent, branchlets more slender. L. moluccanwm, Scheff.

Obs. Phyt. III. 97.

Kepau peak: Low.—Distris. Tenasserim, Helfer (K.D.) 3453.

Order LXIX. PLUMBAGINEA.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves various, alternate or fascicled.

Flowers in terminal scapes or branches, capitate, spicate, racemed or

panicled ; bracts scarious or leafy, often sheathing the flower, bracteoles

2. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, tubular or funnel-shaped, 5- to 10-

ribbed, often hyaline between the ribs; lobes 5, usually scarious.

Corolla hypogynous; petals 5, free or connate at the base or united in

a linear tube; lobes spreading. Stamens 5, opposite the petals; fila-

ments free or adnate in a tube with the corolla ; anthers ovate or oblong,

dorsifixed, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior,

sessile or very shortly stalked, 1-celled, 5-angular above; styles 5,

distinct from the base or connate below; stigmas sub-capitate ;

ovule 1, pendulous from a basal ascending funicle, anatropous. Frit

included in the calyx or elongate or exsert, dry or indehiscent, mem-

branous or hardened at the apex, circumsciss or breaking near the thin

base, the apex often d-valved. Seeds cylindric or elongate, pendulous,

albumen copious or little or 0, radicle superior; embryo straight, coty-

ledons linear or oblong.—Distr1s. Species about 200, mostly of sea-

coasts or desert places throughout the world.

Large shrubs with broad-petioled leaves ; styles 5, distinct; stamens

united in a tube with the corolla .. a x .. 1. AMetaxitis.

Perennial herbs with auriculate leaves; style 1, filiform, with 5 stig-

matic branches ; stamens free aE 36 an .. 2. PLuMBAGo.

i AHMGIALITIS, R. Br.

Simple-stemmed, soft-wooded shrubs. Leaves orbicular, alternate,

coriaceous, glabrous, entire, smooth, gland-dotted, reticulately-veined,

with long, thick, winged, amplexicaul petioles. Flowers in axillary or

terminal panicles of racemes; bract 1, sheathing, coriaceous, obtuse ;

enclosing the 2 bracteoles. Calyx tubular, folded; lobes 5, short,

induplicate-valvate. Corolla usually shorter than calyx, lobes 5,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 85

slightly cohering at base. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals.

Ovary 1-celled ; styles free, stigmas capitate. Frwit a capsule, linear,

long-exserted from the calyx, pentagonal, 1-seeded.i—Distris. Species

2, one Indian the other Australian.

AMGIALITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 111. A simple-

stemmed, soft-wooded shrub, 3 to 8 feet high; stem about 3 in. in

diam., conical in shape. Leaves alternate, orbicular, very slightly acute

at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base, diam. 2 to 3 in., entire,

glabrous, coriaceous, minutely glandular-dotted, shining above, dull

beneath; midrib thick and prominent, veins at an angle of 60 degrees

with the midrib, closely reticulate ; petiole very stout, 2 to 3 in. long,

prominently winged, the wings sheathing, amplexicaul, leaving annular

scars when they fall. Inflorescence of axillary or terminal panicled

racemes; flowers pale yellow, nearly sessile, enclosed in sheathing

bracts ; bract 1, -3 to -4 in. long, concave, obtuse, enclosing the two

similar but smaller bracteoles. Calyx cylindric, furrowed, °2 to ‘3 in.

long; teeth 5, short. Corolla slightly longer than calyx; lobes 5,

narrow. Stamens inserted on the base of the corolla; filaments

shorter than corolla-tube; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 1-celled,

styles free, stigma capitate, ovule 1 pendulous. Wall. Cat. 7240; Griff.

Notul. IV. 207; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 479; Prain Beng.

Plants I. 638. 4. annulata var. rotundifolia, DC. Prod. XII. 621.

4. annulata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; For. Fl. II.

96 (not of RF. Br.). Afgianilites rotundifolia, Presl. Bot. Bemerk. 103.

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 4156.—Distris. Coasts of Bengal and

Burma and the Andaman Islands, in mangrove swamps.

2. PuumBaago, Linn.

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, rarely annual, branches usually

straggling or sub-scandent. Leaves, if present, alternate, entire, the

petioles usually amplexicaul, auriculate at base. Flowers in terminal

spikes or spicate racemes, forming sometimes a leafy terminal panicle ;

bract 1, bracteoles 2, usually small. Calyx tubular, glandular, 5-fid,

the teeth erect. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube slender, lobes spreading.

Stamens free; filaments filiform, inserted on hypogynous glands; anthers

oblong, dorsifixed, usually exsert. Ovary attenuate at apex; style

slender, divided into stigmatose branches; ovule 1, pendulous from a

basal ascending funicle. Frwit a capsule, included in the persistent

calyx and corolla, circumsciss near the base, hardened above ; seed

solitary, albumen very small, embryo slender, radicle superior, coty-

ledons oblong.—Distris. About 10 species, found in the warm regions

of both hemispheres.

86 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Prumpaco zEypANtca, Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 151. A straggling

perennial herb; branches rounded, striate, glabrous. Leaves alternate,

ovate, shortly acute at apex, rounded at base and suddenly narrowed

and decurrent, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad, entire, thin, glabrous

above, somewhat scurfy beneath and often glaucous; midrib slender,

prominent beneath, main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, also prominent, curving

upwards, secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole ‘5 to 1 in.

long, winged by the gradually narrowing decurrent base of the blade,

auricled and amplexicaul at base. Inflorescence a terminal leafy panicle

of spicate racemes, the rachis densely glandular; bract ovate, acumi-

nate, bracteoles 2, linear-subulate ; pedicels very short or none, bracts

and pedicels glandular. Calyx narrowly tubular, about ‘5 in. long,

more or less deeply 5-fid; lobes slender, hyaline on the margins,

covered thickly on the back with prominent stalked red glands.

Corolla-tube white, slender, funnel-shaped, membranous, about 1 in.

long ; lobes 5, nearly ‘5 in. long, ovate, acute, patent. Stamens 5, free;

filaments very slender ; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, exsert. Ovary ovoid ;

style filiform, dividing into 5 stigmatose branches. Capsule mem-

branous below, thick above, 5-furrowed, sharply pointed ; seed pendu-

lous, oblong; cotyledons obtuse. DC. Prod. XII. 692; Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 13, Fl. Ind. I. 462; Wall. Cat. 7241¢; Wight Ill. t. 179; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 994; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 220; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 217; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 480 ;

Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 65; Prain Beng. Plants I. 689. P. awriculata,

Bl. Bijdr. 736. P. viscosa, Blanco Fl. Filip. ed) 1) 78.) *Lumba-

codivéli,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. X. t. 8.

PENANG: Curtis 93; Deschamps. NucRi SEMBILAN : Ridley 10095.

Sincapore: Deschamps; King’s Collector 284——Disrris. Tropical

regions of the Old World, doubtfully indigenous in the Malay Penin-

sula or elsewhere.

Order LXXVIII. GENTIANACE.

[By C. B. Cuarxe.|

Herbs, erect, twining, or floating; glabrous except Mocrorphiwm.

Leaves entire; those of the lower main stem opposite except in the

floating plants. Inflorescence in 2- to 8-divided cymes, or peduncles

1-flowered. Flowers symmetric in calyx, corolla, stamens (except in

Canscora). Calyx tubular or campanulate ; lobes 4 to 5 (or by accident

(?) 6), oblong or linear. Corolla gamopetalous, tube long or short;

lobes as many as calyx-segments, usually dextrorsely contorted in the

bud. Stamens as many as the corolla-segments, all perfect (except in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 87

Canscora) ; filaments on the corolla-tube; anthers of 2 parallel cells.

Ovary 1- (or imperfectly 2-) celled; of 2 carpels, superior or stalked or

slightly inferior; style linear or oblong; stigma capitate or shortly

2-lobed; placentas parietal, sometimes much intruded, partly coalescing

in the axis; ovules very many. Capsule dehiscent or indehiscent, not

rarely becoming more or less succulent; seeds many, albuminous.

—Distris. Species 700; found in all countries.

Erect herbs; lower stem leaves (often all the leaves) opposite :—

Glabrous; corolla blue 1. Exacum.

Pubescent all over ee ar 2. MicroRPHIUM.

Glabrous ; corolla rose-coloured or white 3. CANSCORA.

Twiner ; corolla narrow, more than 1 in. long 4, CRAWFURDIA.

Floating (or creeping on mud) ; leaves round-ovate :—

Pedunceles solitary, from the axil of a long-petioled leaf 5. VILLARSIA,

Pedunceles clustered, from the axil of a sessile leaf. . 6. LimNANTHEMUM.

1. Exacum, Linn.

Glabrous erect herbs. Leaves opposite, usually 3- to d-nerved.

Flowers panicled, 4- to 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed. Corolla rotate ;

tube globose ; lobes ovate or oblong, blue or white. Stamens attached

in the corolla throat; anthers large, of two oblong cells, which open

first by terminal pores or short slits. Ovary more or less completely

2-celled ; style linear; stigma sub-capitate. Capsule globose, septici-

dally 2-valved; seeds numerous, minute, cuboid.—Distris. Species

30, whereof 20 Indian, the others in China, Malaya, Africa.

Stem 1 to 4 feet; corolla-lobes $ in. long, azure blue .. Ll. E. tetragonum.

Stem 4 to 12 in. ; corolla-lobes + to 4 in. long, pale blue .. 2. E. pedunculatum.,

1. ExacumM TETRAGONUM, var. 6 stylosa, C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 95. Stem 1 to 4 feet, quadrangular. Leaves 5 by 1 in.,

sessile, lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved. Panicle many-flowered ; bracts at its

divisions ‘25 to ‘d in. long, linear ; flowers 4-merous, or rarely 5-merous.

Calyx-lobes :25 in. long, ovate acuminate. Corolla-lobes ;5 in. long,

broadly elliptic acute, full azure-blue. Anthers -2 in. long, straight.

Style -5 in. long. Capsule globose, -25 in. in diam. LH. styloswm (sp.);

Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 46. H. chironioides, Griseb. Gent. 109, in

DC. Prod. IX. 45. H. Horsfieldianum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 556. #.

sulecatum, C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIV. 425 (not of Roxb.).

H. tetragonum, Vidal Fl. Filip. 191.

SineaporE: Lobb 473.—Disrrre. From Burma to Borneo and the

Philippines.

2. Hxacum PpEDUNCULATUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 112; ed. I. 163.

88 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stem 4 to 12 in., quadrangular, often much-branched. Leaves 1:5 by

‘6 in., sub-sessile, elliptic or lanceolate, 3-nerved. Panicle usually com-

pound, many-flowered ; lower bracts similar to the leaves, by degrees

smaller, to the upper less than -25 in. long; flowers 4-merous. Calyz-

lobes ‘17 to 2 in. long, ovate, acute, winged. Corolla-lobes :25 to -35 in.

long, pale blue. Anthers -12 in. long, dehiscing finally half-way down.

Capsule globose, ‘17 in. in diam. DC. Prod. IX. 46; Hook. fil. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 97; Trimen, Fl. Ceyl. TIT. 182. HH. pedunculare, Arn. in Ann.

Sc. Nat. ser. 2, XI. 176; Wight Ic. t. 336. H. sulcatuwm, Roxb. Fl.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 415 ; DC. Prod. IX. 46 (syn. eacl.).

SINGAPORE: Jobb 358.—Distris. From Oudh and Bengal to

Ceylon and Pegu.

2. Microrputium, C. B. Clarke, gen. noy.

A pubescent erect herb, repeatedly branched. Leaves alternate

except a few distant opposite pairs on the main stem. Flowers

numerous, solitary, pedicelled, in unilateral repeatedly branched cymes.

Calyx short-cylindric, terete, sub-2-lipped, almost leathery; lobes 5,

short. Corolla small; tube campanulate, lobes 5, equal, dextrorsely

contorted in the bud. Stamens 5, equal, perfect ; anthers exsert, cells

oblong, parallel, dehiscing by a slit their whole length. Ovary 1-celled;

placentas intruded; style linear, stigma sub-capitate. Seeds very small,

ovoid, not angular.—Distris. Species 1, Malayan. ;

1. MicrorPHIUM PUBESCENS, C. B. Clarke, sp. nov. Stem, leaves,

inflorescence, calyx covered with a short thick grey pubescence. Stem

(upper part seen) 14 in. long; the lower part with opposite pairs of

leaves (and branches) 2:5 in. apart; all the other numerous stem-

divisions and leaves alternate. Leaves of the main stem ‘75 by °35 in.,

elliptic, entire, obtuse, narrowed at base; petiole 0 to ‘1 in. long;

the other leaves similar but smaller. Pedicels:25in.long. Calyx 2 in.

long; opening at first in two lips, one emarginate 2-nerved, the other

ovate 3-nerved. Corolla-tube broad, lobes short, round, soon reflexed

over the calyx-margin. Capsule ovoid, ‘2 in. long, dry; seeds 200 yu

in diam. Pollen globose; 25 in diam.

Kepan: Curtis 2528. “ Height 1 to 2 feet; petals white; anthers

yellow ” (Curtis).

3. CAnscora, Lam.

- Herbs, dichotomously branched, glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves

opposite. Flowers mostly cymose. Calyx large, membranous, tubular,

often winged ; teeth much shorter than the tube. Corolla-twbe cylin-

dric; lobes 4, unequal (except in C. pentanthera), Ovary 1-celled ;

- Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 89

placentas intruded; style linear, lobes 2, hemispheric. Capsule 2-valved

or breaking up irregularly. Seeds very small, polyhedral.—Disrris.

Species about 25, extending from Africa through South-east Asia to

Australia.

One stamen only perfect; corolla irregular ae oe ws C. diffusa.

All stamens perfect; corolla regular Bk ae .. 2. C. pentanthera.

Sub-genus 1. Hu-Canscora. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla sub-bilabiate.

Stamens 4; 1 larger perfect, 3 shorter smaller or obsolete.

1. CANscoRA DIFFUSA, R. Brown, Prodr. (1810) 451 in Obs. Erect |

annual, 4 to 20 in., much branched upwards. Leaves 1:5 by ‘d in., lanceo-

late or elliptic, 3-nerved, often petioled, upper smaller. Cyme diffuse ;

lower bracts at its divisions ‘d in. long, ovate, upper much smaller. Calyz

1 in. long; teeth lanceolate-linear. Corolla rose-coloured ; tube } in.,

lobes } in. Capsule oblong, as long as the calyx. DC. Prod. IX. 64;

Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 372; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 103; Trimen

Fl. Ceyl., III. 184. Hzacum diffuswm, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 637. Ortho-

stemon erectum, R. Br. Prod. 451; DC. 1.c.63. O. Hugelw, DC. Le. 63.

Pladera virgata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 417; Hook. Bot.

Mise. IIT. 88 t. 25.

SincaporE: Lobb 345. A common species, extending from Hast

Tropical Africa throughout India to Australia and the Philippines.

Sub-genus 2. PENTANTHERA. Stamens 5 (or 6), equal, anthers all

similar, perfect. Corolla-lobes 5 (or sometimes 6), equal, dextrorsely

contorted in the bud. ;

2. CANSCORA PENTANTHERA, C. B. Clarke, sp.nov. A slender under-

shrub, 18 in. high, glabrous except the minutely gland-puberulous (young)

petioles ; stem terete with many opposite branches. Leaves opposite,

3 by 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base; petiole

0 to -2 in. Cymes loosely, repeatedly dichotomous, often carrying 10

flowers ; bracts at the divisions similar to the leaves, but gradually

smaller, becoming sessile, a few pairs connate into perfoliate bracts.

Flowers solitary, ‘5 in. long, on pedicels 12 to ‘Sin. long. Calyx °35 in.

_ long, membranous ; tube triquetrous, narrowly 3-winged, ovoid-cylindric;

lobes less than one-third the length of the tube, ovate, imbricate, apiculate.

Corolla white (fidley); tube as long as the calyx, lobes 5 (or not rarely

6), oblong-elliptic, equal, sub-erect, contorted dextrorsely (sensu Lin-

neano) in the bud. Stamens 5 (or 6 in the 6-lobed corolla), equal,

perfect; filaments inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube from

which the erect anthers are half-exsert ; anther-cells 2, oblong or linear-

oblong, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen 25 by 20 up, ellipsoid,

irregularly longitudinally striate. Ovary oblong, when young thin,

90 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

almost succulent; placentas much intruded; style linear, with 2 round

stigmatic lobes. Capsule broad-ellipsoid, crustaceous, almost succulent

(dehiscence not clear); style persistent; seeds 300 » in diam., ovoid,

somewhat angular, brown.

Perak, Waterloo: Robertson 9088. Sruancor: Sua Batu, Ridley ;

Gua Batu, Ridley 8218. Kernan: Langkaui, Curtis 2516.

This species, the only one in the sub-genus, differs in the sstivation of the corolla,

the number of the stamens, the anthers all equal, the persistent style, from the

characters assigned to Canscora.

4, CrawFurpiéA, Wall.

Glabrous twiners. Leaves opposite, petioled, 3-nerved. Flowers

showy, axillary. Calyx tubular; teeth 5 (or 4), long, often very long.

Corolla long, tubular-funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, short. Stamens 5 on

the corolla-tube; anthers oblong. Ovary stalked, 1-celled, placentas

parietal ; style linear, stigmas 2, short-oblong. rwit globose or ellip-

soid, berried or capsular ; seeds many, 2- (or imperfectly 3-) angled.—

Distris. Species 10-12, extending from India to Manchuria.

1. CrawFurpD1A Buumu, G. Don Syst. IV. 200. Stem often 3 to

4 feetlong. Leaves (blade) 1:5 by -75 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire ;

base rounded or narrowed; petiole -35 in. Flowers axillary, solitary,

sub-sessile, or the pedicel -25 to 1:5 in. long. Calyx narrow, angular ;

tube -2 in. long, teeth °25 in. long, linear. Corolla 1-25 to 1°5 in. long,

light purple. Fruit °6 in. long, ellipsoid, purple, succulent. Seeds

imperfectly 3-angular, angles (or 2 of them) often narrowly winged.

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. v. IT. 561 (Blwmet). C. trinervis, Hassk. Cat. Hort.

Bogor. 128, in Tidjsch. Nat. Gesch. X. 126. Tripterospermum trinerve,

Blume Bijd. 849; Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. p. 121. [Cf. C. B. Clarke

in Fl. Br. Ind. IX. p. 107, sub Crawfurdia affint, Wallich. ]

Pauana, 7,000 feet alt.: Wray 1570.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java.

5. VILuARSIA, Vent.

Floating, glabrous herbs. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, entire or

sinuate. Peduncles solitary, 1- (or many-) flowered. Calyx deeply

5-lobed. Corolla broadly campanulate ; tube short, lobes sub-rotate.

Stamens 5; filaments filiform, on the corolla-tube; anthers sagittate.

Ovary 1-celled; style short ; stigma of 2 small lobes; placentas parietal. —

Capsule globose, 1-celled, 4-valved at the apex; seeds several (or

numerous).—DistRiB. Species 12, in Africa or in Australia, except the

following Malay species.

1. VinuaRsIA AURANTIACA, Ridley MS. A small Reis stems 2 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 91

long, with leaves and peduncles at the nodes. Leaves all long-petioled,

*35 in. in diam., widely excavated at the base, ovate, margin sinuate ;

petiole *5 to 2 in. long. Peduneles solitary, 1 to 2 in. long, ebracteate,

1-flowered. Calyx ‘17 in. long, lobes oblong. Corolla 35 in. in diam.

Panane: Kwala Pahar, Ridley.

This example shows no fruit, and the flowers are not in a state fordissection. This

collection has been supposed to be near Limnanthemum parvifolium, Griseb., which

has smaller flowers, with the peduncles (several) clustered in the axil of a sessile leaf.

This plant of Ridley appears to come near the Swan River Villarsta violifolia, F.

Muell.

6. LiunantHEemouy, S. P. Gmel.

Peduncles several in the axil of a nearly sessile leaf. Capsule thin,

breaking up irregularly, otherwise as Villarsia.—Distris. Species 20,

dispersed throughout the Tropical and Temperate Zones.

1. LIMNANTHEMUM PARVIFOLIUM, Griseb. in DC. Prod. IX. 141.

Stem 3 to 8 in. long, slender, with distant nodes. Leaf -75 in., round,

ovate, excavated at base, gland-dotted on the under surface; petiole

scarcely ‘08 in. Pedicels clustered, 0 t0-25 in.long. Calyz-lobes -08 in.

long, lanceolate, acute. Corolla-lobes -17 in. long, white, fimbriate.

Capsule -17 in. long, ellipsoid, sessile, about 10-seeded ; seeds smooth

but with capitate papille sparsely irregularly scattered. Hook. fil. Fl.

Brit. Ind. IV. 132; Trimen, Fl. Ceyl. III. 189.

SincaporReE: Cuming 2280 (in Mus. Brit.)—Distris. Malabar,

Ceylon; Chittagong to Tavoy.

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JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part II.—Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.—By Str GrorGE

Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., late Superintendent of the

fioyal Botame Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes GamBuz, Esq.,

C.1.H., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., late of the Indian Forest Department.

Nor Eke:

This contribution embraces the Natural Orders Myrsinacee, Sapo-

tacee, Hbenacee, Styracee, Oleacee, which are given under the joint

names of the authors, the actual descriptions having been prepared by

Sir George King for the Hbenacee and by Mr. J. S. Gamble for

the rest.

The 5 Natural Orders comprise 24 genera and 221 species. There

are no new genera, but the number of new species reaches 103.

Order LXX. MYRSINACEA.

Trees, shrubs (erect or climbing), or undershrubs, generally ever-

green. Leaves usually alternate, sometimes opposite, entire dentate or

crenate, often dotted with pellucid round or linear resinous glands.

Stypules none. Flowers regular, usually small, white or reddish ;

hermaphrodite or occasionally polygamo-diecious ; generally in

panicles, racemes or umbels. Calyx inferior (in Mesa adnate to the

govary), 4—6-lobed, the lobes valvate or imbricate, sometimes enlarged

in fruit, persistent, often marked with glandular dots or lines. Corolla

4—5-lobed; the tube usually very short, sometimes wanting; lobes

twisted to the left in the bud, usually overlapping to the right, rarely

94 Flora of the Malayan Pemmsula.

valvate, often gland-dotted or -striate. Stamens opposite to the corolla-

lobes and equal to them in number, free or adnate to the lobes or in an

inner ring, generally erect; filaments long or short; anthers opening

by slits, usually introrsely, sometimes septate as in Mgiceras and

Ardisia littoralts, sometimes with terminal openings as well, free or

adherent by their edges ; the connective often thickened and produced,

sometimes glandular; staminodes sometimes present, though not in

Malay species. Ovary globose, ovoid or oblong, free (in Mesa adherent

to the calyx-tube), 1-celled, narrowed into or surmounted by the style ;

style filiform or columnar, stigma usually simple; ovules few or many,

inserted on or immersed in a free usually globose central placenta.

Fruit usually small, globose (in Aigiceras linear, curved, acuminate) ;

epicarp fleshy, mesocarp crustaceous, endocarp membranous, separable;

usually one- rarely several-seeded (as in Mesa), indehiscent. Seeds

usually globose, hollowed at the base: in Mesa many and angled ;

albumen pitted or ruminate; embryo transverse, cylindric; radicle

usually elongate.—Disrris. Tropical or sub-tropical regions of both

hemispheres, chiefly in Asia and South America; genera 32, species

upwards of 900 (according to Mez Monog. Myrsine@).

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; fruit many-seeded (Tribe I.

Masi) :—

Trees or shrubs; calyx 2-bracteolate; flowers in simple or com-

pound racemes Be 30 a0 -. Miah.

Calyx-tube free from the many 2 ; fruit one-seeded (Tribe II.

HKUMYRSINE#) :—

Fruit round; anther-cells usually opening by slits, rarely sep-

tate :—

Corolla-lobes imbricate in bud :—

Flowers in axillary or lateral fascicles; trees or shrubs .. 2. MynrsIne.

Flowers in racemes or panicles; climbing plants, rarely

shrubs ne 3. EMBELIA.

Corolla-lobes valvate in bade floweren in a eoamenlere spike- like

racemes; small shrubs with parallel-veined leaves .. 4. Lapista.

Corolla-lobes contorted in bud :—

Anthers sagittate, rarely septate; corolla-lobes oe

tothe right .. .. O. ARDISIA.

Anthers sagittate- Temceole! the poncetine Praduced in a

membranous wing; corolla-lobes overlapping to the left .. 6. ANTISTROPHE.

Fruit elongate, cylindric, long-pointed ; anthers markedly septate 7. AUaicERas.

1. Masa, Forsk.

-Trees or shrubs, erect or straggling. Leaves entire, dentate or ser-

rate, usually pellucid-punctate, sometimes with resinous lines. Flowers

hermaphrodite or unisexual, in terminal or axillary racemes, the

pedicels bracteate. Calyx bibracteolate, 4—5-lobed; lobes persistent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 95

imbricate ; the tube adnate to the ovary, sometimes with resinous lines.

Corolla shortly campanulate, 4—-5-lobed; the lobes usually as long as

the tube or rather shorter, rounded with inflexed tips, sometimes

resinous-lineate. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla-tube; fila-

ments short; anthers introrse, oblong-cordate. Ovary adnate to the

calyx-tube; style short; stigma small, entire or shortly 3-5-lobed;

ovules numerous, placenta globose. rut small, dry or fleshy, ovoid

or subturbinate, crowned with the persistent style, many-seeded.

Seeds numerous, angular, immersed in hollows of the placenta, and

arranged around it with hexagonal surfaces, embryo small, oblique or

transverse, cotyledons narrowly ovate.—DistTrIp. Species over 100

(according to Mez), chiefly in the tropical regions of the Old World,

a few in Australia and the Pacific Islands; all the Malayan species

belonging to sub-genus Hwmesa, Mez.

Leaves entire :-—

Flowers in large terminal leafy panicles; branches of the

inflorescence pubescent .. 1. MW. macrothyrsa.

Flowers in large axillary or agen lemnttinel) Spaniels of

racemes ; branches of inflorescence glabrous

Leaves sohly lobed :—

Leaves very slightly dentate, almost coriaceous, under 3°5 in.

long, midrib and main-nerves very prominent; inflorescence

as long as or only a little shorter than leaves .. -. 3. WM. impressinervis.

Leaves membranous, over 4 in. long :—

Leaves pale when dry, under 3 in. broad, distantly den-

tate, inflorescence longer than the petiole nye 4. M. striata.

Leaves dull green when dry, over 4 in. broad, niarnectiones

scarcely longer than the petiole

Leaves prominently dentate oe 2 -. 6. M. indica.

. MW. ramentacea.

. WM. pahangiana.

1. Masa macrotuyrsa, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573 (1862). A

slender climbing shrub reaching 30 to 50 feet in length ; branches brown,

somewhat angled and flexuose, striate. Leaves entire, chartaceous ;

elliptic, shortly bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; smooth and

dull on both surfaces; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib promi-

nent, impressed above; main-nerves 5 to 7 pairs, distant, starting from

-the midrib at about 60° and curving upwards; secondary nerves and

reticulations indistinct; petiole -5 to -7 in. long, channelled above by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a large leafy terminal

many-flowered tripinnate panicle, the branches rusty pubescent; pedi-

cels about 025 in. long, supported by a slightly shorter ovate-acute

bract, and bearing 2 similar bracteoles below the flowers. Calyx

superior, cupular; lobes 4, occasionally 5, rounded, denticulate, ‘04 in.

long, gland-dotted ; tube very short. Corolla dull white or pink, longer

than calyx; tube as long as lobes; lobes 4 or 5, rounded, often with

96 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

small lobules between, denticulate, with about 3 to 4 glandular lineoles.

Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers globose;

filaments about twice as long as anthers. Ovary rounded, depressed,

crowned with a short cylindric style and obtusely 3-4-lobed stigma.

Fruit very small, -05 in. in diam., globose, glabrous, faintly striate,

crowned about one-third of the way down with the persistent calyx-

teeth. Sceds very minute, angled. Scheff. Myrs. 29; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 49. M. floribunda, Scheff. Myrs.18. M. Korthalsiana, Scheff.

Myrs. 18 (?)

Perak: Wray 2684; Scortechint 122, 1655; King’s Collector 725,

9722, 3777, 4968, 5326.—Distris. Sumatra, Korthals, Beccart 887 ;

Borneo, de Vriese, Teysmann.

We have always found the flowers tetramerous, as described by Miquel and

Schetfer. Mez describes them as either 4- or 5-merous. This is a well-marked

species on account of its large terminal inflorescence, whose pubescent branches easily

distinguish it from those occasional forms of M. ramentacea which haye part of the

inflorescence pseudo-terminal.

2. Masa RAMENTACEA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT.

231 (1824). A large shrub or small tree, usually branched from the

base and sending out many straggling or climbing branches often

30 to 40 feet long or more; branchlets smooth, somewhat striate when

dry. Leaves entire, chartaceous; ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate

at apex, rounded or cordate at base; 3 to 8 in. long, 1°5 to 4 in. broad;

smooth on both surfaces and generally shining above; midrib promi-

nent, often impressed above ; main-nerves slender, distant, 5 to 10 pairs,

starting at 45° with the midrib and curved upwards; secondary nerves

and reticulations not apparent: petiole -3 to -5 in. long, slightly winged

by the decurrent margins of the blade, which are often connivent

above. Inflorescence axillary or sometimes pseudo-terminal, glabrous,

many-flowered, consisting of more or less closely packed racemes

arranged in bipinnate panicles, shorter or longer than the leaves ; pedi-

cels ‘1 to -15 in. long, slender, supported by a minute lanceolate bract

and with 2 very minute ovate-lanceolate bracteoles below the flower;

buds minute, globose, depressed at top. Calyx superior, cupular; tube

very short, about ‘025 in. long; lobes 5, ovate, faintly ciliate, as long as

the tube. Corolla 075 in. long; lobes half the length, ovate or ovate-

reniform, edges undulate, with a few brown glandular lineoles. Stamens

short, longer in @ flowers, inserted a little below the top of the tube;

anthers rounded, filaments as long as the anthers, dorsifixed. Ovary

in ? flowers adnate to the base of the calyx-tube, style short, stigma

minutely 4-lobed, ovules many. fruit globose, 1 to :15 in. long,

crowned with the persistent teeth of the calyx; seeds minute, angled,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. a7

albuminous, embryo small, transverse. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soe.

XVII. 133, Prod. VIII. 77; Scheff. Myrs. 15; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

1006 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 220; For. Fl. II. 99;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 508; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 218 ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 27; Prain Beng. Pl. 642. M. ovata, A. DC. 1.c. 133,

it, erog. le. 77; Scheff. Myrs. 14. M. lanceolata, Don Prod.

148. M. acuminata, mossionis, and glabra, DC. Prod. lc. 77, 78, 82.

M. sumatrana, Scheff. Myrs. 15. Baobotrys ramentacea, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 16, Fl. Ind. I. 558; Wall. Cat. 2322. B. ovata, Wall. Cat. 2324.

B. glabra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. 560. B. fragrans, Wall. Cat. 2323. B. (?)

maissionis, Wall. Cat. 6523.

Kepau: Langkawi, Curtis 2554, 3409. Prnana: Wallich 2324;

Maingay (K.D.) 1001; J. Scott; G. King; Phillips; Deschamps.

Perak: Scortechim 3824, 6068, 628; Wray 1286, 1291, 1912, 2368,

2787 ; King’s Collector 171, 1222, 1909, 2788, 3883, 4144, 4281, 4497,

4915, 5088, 5113; Curtis. Panana: Ridley 2175. Srvnancor: Ridley ;

Goodenough 10554. Neeri SempBinan: Fidley 10067. Matacca:

Griffith (K.D.) 3552; Cuming 2286; Milier 9; Hervey; Goodenough 1036,

1742; Derry 37, 1063; Ridley 10099. JoHore: Lake & Kelsall 4035 ;

G. King. Sinearore: Schomburgk 91; Lobb 324; T. Anderson 126;

Fridley 2064, 2805: Goodenough 1644; Hullett 38, 56, 885, 887.—

Distris. Hastern Bengal and Burma, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,

Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

We follow Mez in not keeping up the var. ovata. The large mass of material

available shows clearly that in shape of leaf and in inflorescence the variation is

regular, and that the form with cordate long-acuminate leaves passes gradually into

that with ovate broad short-acuminate leaves, and that similarly the inflorescence

changes. A monstrous form with moss-like inflorescence similar to those often seen in

India on MW. Chisia and other species, is not uncommon.

3. MSA IMPRESSINERVIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A bush or small

tree ; branches half as thick as a goosequill, glabrous, pale brown, and

prominently longitudinally wrinkled when dry. Leaves thinly coria-

ceous ; elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; entire or

very faintly dentate only near the apex, margins recurved when dry,

reticulate and shining above, dull and paler beneath ; 3 to 3:5 in. long,

1-25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above ; main-nerves

7 or 8 pairs, also prominently impressed above and prominently raised

on the lower surface, arching upwards to meet near the margin ; secon-

dary nerves few, inconspicuous as are the reticulations; petiole -2 to

‘25 in. long, bordered by the decurrent edges of the blade, which are

almost connivent above. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, simple or

with one short branch near the base, 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, and so shorter

98 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the leaves ; pedicels slender, -1 in. long, with a -06 in. long subulate

bract at the base and 2 similar bracteoles beneath the flower; buds

nearly globose. Calyx superior, ‘05 in. in depth, cupular, with 5 imbri-

cate broad incurved concave glabrous lobes. Corolla rotate with 5

imbricate rounded broad lobes, -1 in. deep; tube rather longer than

lobes. Stamens 5, imserted on the base of the corolla; anthers

globular; filaments flattened, longer than the anthers. Ovary inferior,

depressed, surmounted by a flattened lobed stigma, 1-celled; ovules

many, cuneate, on a central basal placenta. Fruit unknown. —

PERAK: Gunong Bubu, at 5,000 feet elevation; Wray 3850, 3886.

4. Masa striata, Mez Monog. Myrs. 42 (1901). A shrub or small

tree ; branches smooth, reddish, with scattered lenticels. Leaves mem-

branous; rather variable, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, rounded or acuminate

at apex, bluntly acute and sometimes unequal at base; entire or un-

dulate or broadly dentate, especially on the upper half, pale green

when dry, glabrous except for a few occasional stiff hairs on the midrib

beneath, striate with many faint very slender lineoles; 4 to 7 in. long,

2-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib angular, prominent beneath, main-nerves

7 to 8 pairs, slender; secondary nerves and reticulations faint and

irregular; petiole slender, -4 to 1 in. long, channelled above. In-

florescence of axillary racemes, simple or joined in a sub-sessile panicle,

rarely over 2 in. long; pedicels very slender, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long, with a

subulate bract at base, half their length, and 2 acute bracteoles under

the flower. Calyx superior, about -1 in. deep; lobes 5, imbricate, ovate,

rounded, about 4-striate, edges hyaline; tube as long as lobes. Corolla

as long as calyx, rotate, ‘lin. in depth; lobes 5, imbricate, rounded,

crenate, glabrous. Stamens 5, inserted near the base of the corolla ;

anthers ovate, slightly divaricate; filaments 2 to 3 times as long as

anthers. Ovary inferior, depressed, rounded; style short cylindrical,

stigma 4-lobed; ovules many, cuneate, on a central basal placenta.

Fruit round, 1 to ‘15 in. in diam., smooth, faintly ribbed, crowned

by the persistent calyx-lobes and style.

Prenane: at Paya Trobong, Curtis 2857. Prrax: King’s Collector

2287.—Distris. Sumatra, Morbes 1260, 1287, 1315, 1376.

5. Masa PAHANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub;

branches round, smooth, dark brown when dry. Leaves membranous ;

rhomboid-obovate, acuminate at the apex, rounded cuneate at base;

faintly crenate especially in the upper half; glabrous on both dull sur-

faces; 7 to 8 in. long, 4 to 4°5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

beneath ; main-nerves distant, 8 to 9 pairs, at about half a right angle

with the midrib, sometimes branched ; secondary nerves few and like

the reticulations indistinct; petiole slender, ‘8 to 1 in. long. Jnflores-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 99

cence a simple axillary raceme, as long as or slightly longer than the

petiole; pedicels slender, about -1 in. long, supported by a minute

subulate bract below and with two similar bracteoles below the flower.

Calyx superior, cupular, with a very short tube and 5 triangular

imbricate teeth “6 in. long, glabrous, hyaline at the edges and very

faintly brown-glandular. Corolla as long as calyx; lobes 5 imbricate,

glabrous, rounded, somewhat crenate, with 2 to 3 prominent brown

glandular lineoles; tube half the length. Stamens nearly as long as

corolla, inserted near its base; filaments about twice as long as the

anthers; anthers emarginate, cells somewhat divaricate. Fruit globose

with a conical tip surrounded by the remains of the corolla and the

persistent calyx, and surmounted by the short persistent style, ribbed,

125 in. in diam., glabrous.

Pawane: at Tanjong Antan, Ridley 2175a.

Only one specimen is unfortunately available, and that in fruit, with only remains

of flowers.

6. Masa tnpica, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 230

(1824). A shrub reaching 4 to 6 feet in height ; branchlets brown, smooth,

lenticellate. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate,

rounded or acute at the base; repand-dentate, about 3 teeth to each

main-nerve ; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib very prominent, often

broad; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, others closely reticulate; glandular

strize long, prominent; petiole 5 to 1 in. long, channelled above by the

decurrent bases of the blade. Inflorescence of simple or compound

axillary racemes, much shorter than the leaves, usually 1 to 3 in. long;

pedicels slender, ‘05 to 1 in. long, longer in fruit; bracts subulate, in

flower as long as pedicels; bracteoles 2, minute. Calyx superior, with

5 imbricate lobes, which are ovate, ciliate, striate, about -04 in. long,

almost acute orrounded at apex. Corolla as long as calyx; lobes denti-

culate, glandular-striate; tube as long aslobes. Stamens inserted at base

of corolla-tube; anthers ovate, cells divaricate; filaments dorsifixed,

rather longer than anthers. Ovary rounded; style short cylindric,

- stigma obtuse; ovules many. /rwit round, smooth, striate, -15 in.

long, crowned at the summit by the persistent calyx-lobes and the

remains of the stigma. Seeds angular. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 134, Prod. VIII. 80 (in part); Wall. Cat. 2318 E.; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 509 (in part); Koord. & Val. Bijd. V. 222;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 29. Beobotrys indica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 16, Fl.

Ind. I. 557.

PERAK: Wray 3314, 3349; Scortechini 16, 733; Rrdley 3007,

9741 ; King’s Collector 7712.—Distris. Burma, Java.

100 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2, Myrsine, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or serrate, often thick, usually

pellucid-punctate. lowers polygamous or dicecious, fascicled, axillary

or on very short branches, pedicels short with many imbricate bracts.

Calyx small, lobes 4 to 5 persistent. Corolla 4—5-lobed, the lobes

imbricate in bud, recurved in flower. Stamens 4-to 5; filaments short,

inserted at the base of the corolla-lobes; anthers short, ovate;

staminodes none. Ovary free, globose or ovoid; style usually short,

cylindric or angular; stigma capitate or 2-5-lobed; ovules few or

many, immersed in the placenta. Mrwt a small, dry or somewhat

fleshy, berry, l-seeded. Seed solitary, globose, sessile, hollowed at

the base; albumen pitted; embryo elongate, cylindric or curved,

horizontal Distris. Species about 80, chiefly tropical, a few in

Japan, extra-tropical Africa, Australia and New Zealand. All our

species belong to Mez’ genus Rapanea.

Arrested branches bearing the umbels very short, -1 in. long or

under :—

Leaf-nerves and reticulations obscure, leaves small, under2°5in. 1. M. avenis.

Leaf-nerves and reticulations visible, leaves usually over 2°5 in :—

Leaves under 4 in. long, chartaceous, blackish when dry;

pedicels short, -1 in. long .. 2. M. Porteriana.

Leaves over 4 in. long, coriaceous, recied when ary aatiaals

over ‘15 in. long .. 38. M. perakensis.

Arrested branches bearing the henner “3 in. mone or more :—

Leaves rounded at apex; berry -2 in. in diam. se .. 4. M. Wrayi.

Leaves emarginate at apex; berry 3 in. in diam. .. .. 5. M. umbellulata.

1. Myrsine avents, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIT. 107 (1834).

A small tree; branches pale, rounded; branchlets wrinkled when dry,

faintly ferruginous-tomentose, leaf-buds long acuminate. Leaves

entire, chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, acutely

narrowed at base, glabrous, marked with resinous often very con-

spicuous lineoles and dots along the margin especially near the apex,

margins usually recurved; 1 to 2'5 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad; mid-

rib prominent, impressed above; main-nerves very obscure as are the

reticulations; petiole -2 in. long, slender, edged with the ciliate margins

of the decurrent blade. Flowers in compact sessile 2—5-flowered

umbels on very short thick arrested branches; bracts oblong

acute ; pedicels about -1 in. long, angular; flower-buds ovaite, flowers

5-merous. Calyx-lobes triangular, acute, ciliate, with few round

glandular dots; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes imbricate, elliptic,

pubescent on the margins, sparsely round-gland-dotted, connate for

about one-third of their length. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 101

ovate, apiculate, pubescent at tip; filaments and lower part of anthers

attached about half-way up the corolla-lobes. Ovary rounded, conical ;

style short in g, oblique and with long channelled stigma in °.

Berry globose, ‘1 in. in diam., glandular, smooth, tipped with the

persistent style. DOC. Prod. VIII. 96; Miq. Pl. Jungh. 189, and FI.

Ind. Bat. II. 1015; Scheff. Myrs. 47; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 234.

Myrsine capitellata, Wall. var. avenis Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

512 (i part); Stapfin Trans, Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, TV. 199. Ardisia avenis,

Blume Bijdr. 691. Fapanea avenis, Mez Monog. Myrs. 387.

SincaPore: Ardley 253.—Distrip. Java, Celebes, Borneo.

2. Myrsine Porteriana, Wall. Cat. 6525 (1829). A shrub or small

tree ; branches grey, rough ; branchlets slender, angled when dry, leaf-

buds lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous, entire; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly

acute and slightly emarginate at apex, cuneately narrowed at base,

glabrous, glandular dotted, especially along the margin, and often

glandular-lineolate, black or greyish when dry; 1:5 to 3:5 in. long,

‘75 to 1:25 in. broad ; midrib prominent beneath, impressed above ; main-

nerves 8 to 12 pairs, the lowest pair running parallel to the midrib

and there joined by the rest, not always easily seen; secondary nerves

few, slender, reticulations minute; petiole slender, -2 to -4 in. long,

channelled above by the decurrent and almost connivent, slightly

fimbriate, edges of the blade. Flowers in compact sessile umbels on

the summit of a short thick cone-like bracteate arrested branch about

‘1 to *3 in. long; bracts ovate, bracteoles oblong, blunt, ciliate ; pedicels

angled -1 in. long; flower-buds ovate, flowers greenish-white, usually

dicecious, 5-merous. Calyx-lobes ovate acute, ‘05 in. long, ciliate,

marked with prominent dark round or lineolate glands; tube as long as

lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong obtuse, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, minutely pubescent

on the margins, marked by prominent dark rounded and lineolate glands,

connate to one-fourth of their length, revolute in flower. Stamens

inserted on the corolla, the filaments and lower half of the anthers

adnate with it, those of 3 flowers ovate apiculate, those of ¢ flowers

sagittate; in open flowers exsert, longer than the revolute lobes. Ovary

_ ovoid, glabrous, ¢ flowers with a short straight style, 9 flowers with an

oblique style and oblique folded stigma. Berry globose, glabrous,

‘lL in. in diam., dark blue when fresh, pale when dry, striate from

the elongated vertical glands. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 106,

Prod. VIII. 95. M. capitellata var. avenis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

III. 512 (in part). Rapanea Porteriana, Mez Monog. Myrs. 358.

Penane: Porter in Wallich 6525; Maingay (K.D.) 1005; Curtzs

1013, 3728, on Government Hill, road to Crag. Prrax: Ridley 2992;

Wray 678, 1537; King’s Collector 5001, usually at 5,000 feet eleva-

102 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

tion. Panane: Ridley 16694. SrLancor: Ridley 8208. Matacca =

Griffith (K.D.) 3543 ; Ridley 10076, on Mount Ophir.

3. MyYRSINE PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets.

thick, smooth, wrinkled when dry, terminal leaf-buds lanceolate. Leaves

entire, coriaceous; oblong, bluntly acute at apex, narrowed at the base,

glabrous, shining above, margins recurved, glandular dots many, in-

conspicuous ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib thick, very

prominent; main-nerves 20 to 26 pairs, prominent above, at about two-

thirds of a right angle with the midrib, parallel at first, arching afterwards

to meet near the margin; secondary nerves similar but more slender,

reticulations prominent; petiole -3 in. long, very thick, winged by the de-

current margins of the blade. Flowers in compact sessile umbels on the

summit of a thick, cone-like, bracteate, arrested branch about ‘1 in. long,

in the axils of the leaves or below them on the current year’s wood,

so forming a thick cluster below the terminal leaves: umbels 5-8-

flowered, pedicels -15 to -2 in. long, thick and angular when dry ; bracts

ovate, scaly, sometimes ciliate. Calyxz-lobes ovate acute, glandular-

ciliate, about -05 in. long, ciliz jointed. Corolla and Stamens unknown.

Berry globose, sometimes conical at top, ‘1 to ‘15 in. in diam., pericarp.

pale brown when dry, striate with obscure oblong glands.

Perak: Wray 3856; Scortechini, 766, at 5,000 feet elevation.

4, Myrsins Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets.

stout, striate when dry. Leaves entire, coriaceous; elliptic-oblong,

rounded at the apex, narrowly cuneate at base; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to.

1-75 in. broad, glabrous; midrib slender; main-nerves very obscure, about

12 pairs, meeting in an intramarginal nerve near the edge, reticulations

many, somewhat raised beneath when dry; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long,

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, wrinkled at the

base. lowers in peduncled axillary few-rayed umbels; bracteoles.

minute, triangular; peduncles -3 to ‘5 in. long; rays of umbel 3 to 4,

pedicels about -35 in. long, clavately thickened above. Calya-lobes

triangular-ovate, glandular-ciliate, acute, -05 in. long. Corolla and

Stamens unknown. Frwit round, :2 in. in diam., crowned by the

persistent base of the style; pericarp rugosely striate.

PERAK: Wray 232, at 4,500 feet.

5. MyRsiInzE umBEeLLuuata, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIT. 135.

(1834). Asmall tree ; branchlets thick, glabrous, reddish-brown Leaves —

entire, coriaceous; elliptic-obovate, obtuse and emarginate at apex,

acute at the base; glabrous above, rusty beneath, black glandular dots.

frequent, margins often recurved; 2 to 3:5 in. long, -75 to 1:25 in.

broad; midrib prominent, slender; main-nerves inconspicuous, slender,

raised on upper surface, depressed on lower, reticulations obscure ;.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 103:

petiole -3 to -5 in. long, rugose, bordered above by the decurrent margins

of the blade. Flowers in axillary scattered umbels on thick cone-like

bracteate arrested branches, about ‘15 in. long; pedicels very slender,

‘*3 to 4 in. long, glabrous. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, very shortly cilio-

late, minute, recurved in fruit. Corolla and Stamens unknown. Berry

globose, ‘3 in. in diam., smooth, pale when dry, crowned with the per-

sistent style. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 95; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1014.

M. capitellata, var. avenis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 512

(im part). Embelia umbellulata, Wall. Cat. 2312. Rapanea wmbellu-

lata, Mez Monog. Myrs. 362. _

Singapore: Wallich 2312.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo.

3. EmpBetia, Burm.

Small trees or shrubs, usually climbing, often extensively. Leaves

alternate, entire, dentate or serrulate, usually glandular, petiole often

margined. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, simple or paniculate,

white or pink, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dicecious. Calyx free, 4—8-

lobed, persistent, the lobes rounded or ovate. Corolla 4-5-lobed, the

lobes imbricate or contorted, tube none or short. Stamens 4 to d;

filaments short or elongate, inserted on the corolla; anthers ovate-

oblong, obtuse or acute; staminodes none. Ovary ovoid, globose or

conical ; style short; stigma capitate; ovules few, inserted on a sub-

globose placenta. Fruit a small drupe, globose, 1-seeded, crowned by

the persistent style. Seed ovoid, hollowed at the base, albumen pitted,

embryo transverse, curved.—Distris. About 60 species, in the tropical

regions of the Old World.

Inflorescence terminal or terminal and axillary, paniculate :-—

Petals free (Sect. 1. HuEmBELIa) :-—

Leaves membranous or chartaceous :—

Main-neryes of leaves slender, not prominent :—

Petals sparingly villous, anthers with a cluster of black

warts behind oe a ae ao lle JES IRIE

Petals densely villous, anthers with only small glandular

warts behind :—

Leaves elliptic, 1:5 to 2 in. broad, shortly acuminate... 2. EH. canescens.

Leaves oblong, ‘75 in. broad, long but obtuselyacuminate 3. HE. dasythyrsa.

Main-nerves of leaves prominent :-—

Branches slender, leaves lanceolate acuminate, flowers

densely villous Bic an as .. 4, E. Scortechinii..

Branches stout, leaves suddenly acuminate, flowers

giabrous or slightly pubescent only Ue .. 5. E. penangiana.

Leaves coriaceous :—

Panicles long, leaves moderately thick :—

Leaves acute or cuneate at base, main-nerves conspicuous,

bracteoles as long as the pedicels oe .. 6. E. pergamacea.

104 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves rounded or cordate at base, main-nerves very pro-

minent, bracteoles shorter than the pedicels .. 7. E. coriacea.

Panicles short, stout, leaves very thick wa .. 8. E. angulosa.

Petals joined at the base into a tube (Sect. II. GrenacHERTA) :—

Leaves rusty-villous beneath, bracts of the inflorescence

short, inconspicuous ad 9. H. Lampani.

Leaves pubescent or nearly alsibaemne Honenth, bee of the

inflorescence long, often leafy, conspicuous she .. 10. EH. amentacea.

Inflorescence axillary :—

Inflorescence paniculate, axillary, 1 to 2 in. cis (Sect. III.

PatTTara) . 11. E. Ridleyi.

Inflorescence meet Pioricr cian el Teaves on very shart

racemose branchlets with many bracts (Sect. IV. Micrem-

BELIA) :—

Flowers tetramerous, leaves coriaceous Be .. 12. E. Myrtillus.

Flowers pentamerous, leaves chartaceous vie .. 13. EF. parviflora.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNowN: 14, E. lucida. 15. E. macrocarpa.

1. Esperia Rises, Burm. FI. Ind. 62. t. 23 (1768). An evergreen

climbing shrub; branches pale brown, with thick bark studded with

conical protuberances; branchlets pale brown, smooth, lenticellate.

Leaves entire, chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acu- _

minate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, glabrous or minutely

pubescent beneath, glandular dots scattered, sometimes obscure; margin

generally recurved; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib slender,

prominent below, generally impressed above; main-nerves obscure,

irregular, slender, 12 to 14 pairs, parallel at first then curved upwards

to join near the margin; secondary nerves many faint, reticulations

very obscure; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, bordered by the crisped edges

of the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a large terminal leafy 3-pinnate

grey- or rusty-pubescent panicle of racemes, the branches at first turning

upwards, afterwards nearly at right angles with the rachis; bracts

leafy, smaller by degrees upwards; bracteoles subulate, shorter than the

slender pedicels, ‘05 in. long; buds small, globose; flowers white. Calyx-

lobes very minute, about -025 in. long, triangular-acute, ciliate, with few

glandular dots ; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes free, elliptic, rounded

at top in 2, more acute in g, ‘05 in. long, ciliate, sparingly villous-

pubescent, apex incurved, with few prominent glandular dots. Stamens

inserted on the corolla-lobes, about half-way up in g, lower down in ?,

‘shorter than the lobes; anthers short, ¢ with parallel, 2 with divaricate,

‘cells, both with a long black mass of glandular warts behind at the

insertion of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style short,

stigma capitate in 3, peltate and larger in ?. Berry globose or some-

times pyriform, red or black, glabrous, succulent, wrinkled when dry,

aromatic, ‘1 to ‘15 in. in. diam., crowned with the persistent style and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 105

stigma. Retz. Obs. iv. 24; Lamk. Ill. t. 183; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 586;

Wall. Cat. 2304 ; A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIT. 129, Prod. VIII. 85

(part); Scheff. Myrs. 38; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1011; Dalz. & Gibs.

Bomb. Fl. 137; Brandis For. Fl. 284; Kurz For. Fl. II. 101; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. II. 513 ; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 69; Cooke Bomb. FI.

II. 84; Mez Monog. Myrs. 303; Prain Beng. Pl. 643. H. Burmannii,

Retz Obs. LV. 23. H. garcimefolia, Wall. Cat. 2304c and £; Mig. l.c.

1011; Scheff. Myrs. 40. EH. sumatrana, Migq. 1.c. 1012. EH. glanduli-

fera, Wight Ic. 1207; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 137. Samara Ribes,

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 222. Ardisia tenuiflora, BI.

Bijdr. 687.

Penana: Deschamps, Curtis. Pruraxk: Wray 420; Scortechini ;

King’s Collector 928, 1150, 6999 (abnormal state, most of the flowers

converted into leafy bracts). Manaccoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3550; Matneay

(K.D.) 1002; Cuming 2320. JoHorE: Natwe Collector 3749. SINGAPORE:

Fiidley 10643, 2803 (fruits converted into insect galls); Kurz 2965.—

Distris. India, Burma and Ceylon; Malay Islands and eastwards to

South China.

Var. rugosa, King & Gamble. SBranchlets dark brown, much

wrinkled and with oblong lenticels. Leaves 4 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to

2 in. broad, usually thicker than the type. acemes less pubescent

than in type, the flowers often collected near the ends of the ultimate

branches of the inflorescence. Stamens of g flowers exsert. Stigma

of ? much larger than that of g flowers, peltate. Berry rugose,

conically tipped ; pericarp thick, fleshy, with cavities.

Perak: Wray 2278, 2576, 3069; King’s Collector 2512, 3001, 4040.

StyeaPpore: Ridley 10384.

’ We find no Malay specimens with the large glandular pits so well marked in

South Indian specimens (Embelia glandulifera, Wight Ic. 1207). Wight’s figure is

not well drawn in several respects, and especially as to the nervation of the leaves, so

it is not very easy to make sure about it, but there seems no reason to separate

EF. glandulifera from E. Ribes unless perhaps as a variety. It has usually a much

shorter and fewer-flowered inflorescence.

_ 2. EMBELIA CANESCENS, Jack; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. IT. 292 (1824). A climbing shrub with slender, villous, sub-

flexuose branches. Leaves entire, chartaceo-membranous; elliptic,

shortly acuminate at apex, rounded or sub-cordate at base, glabrous or

slightly pubescent and shining above, canescent beneath; glandular

dots many, not prominent, in the areoles of the reticulations; 2 to 3°d

in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, villous

beneath ; main-nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curving upwards to join

at some distance from the margin; secondary nerves many, slender,

106 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

reticulations irregular; petiole 3 to ‘4 in. long, bordered above by the

prominently crispate edges of the decurrent blade, rugose beneath-

Inflorescence a slender terminal 3-pinnate leafy panicle of distant com-

paratively few-flowered racemes, 4 to 8 in. long; rachis and its branches

densely rusty-villous; bracts leafy below, spathulate above, bracteoles

subulate, deciduous, about half as long as the -05 to ‘1 in. long pedicels

which are longer in fruit; buds very minute, globose. Calyx-lobes very

small, triangular, pubescent; tube as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong,

free, blunt, -06 in. long, densely villous without, papillose within and

glandular-dotted. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes, inserted near

their base; anthers rounded, warted with inconspicuous glands behind

at the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary in § flower rudi-

mentary. Berry globose, somewhat conical above, rugose when dry,

crowned with the remains of the persistent style, °2 in. in diam.

Wall. Cat. 2311; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 85; Scheff. Myrs. 42; Migq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 1012; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 514; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 308. .

PenanG: Jack; Porter. Prrax: Ridley 7172 (part). Manacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 1004. Stye@apore: Goodenough 2804; Hullett 115.

3. HMBELIA DASYTHYRSA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573 (1862). A

slender climbing shrub; branches minutely pubescent, striate, with pro-

minent raised lenticels; branchlets dark, slender, rusty-villous. Leaves

entire, chartaceous; oblong or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminate at

apex, rounded at base; glabrous above, glabrous except on the midrib

beneath, glandular dots scattered, obscure; 1°5 to 2 im. long, about

‘75 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath, villous, impressed above, main-

nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular, arching upwards to meet near the

margin; secondary nerves few, slender, reticulations obscure; petiole

‘1 to ‘2 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence a long, 3-pinnate, leafy

panicle of long slender many-flowered racemes, rachises minutely

pubescent ; bracts leafy, bracteoles subulate, minute, much shorter than

the ‘1 in. long very slender pedicels ; buds globose shaggy, flowers grey.

Calyxz-lobes minute, about 03 in. long, triangular, ciliate ; tube shorter

than lobes. Corolla-lobes free, ovate-spathulate, about -06 in. long, black-

gland-dotted, densely covered with short moniliform hairs. Stamens

less than half the length of the corolla-lobes, inserted at the base;

anthers reniform, with inconspicuous glandular warts on the back at

the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments, which are almost shorter than

the anthers. Ovary ovoid, style very short, stigma in g small capitate,

in @ peltate, large. Berry red or black, 15 in. in diam., globose or

slightly pyriform, wrinkled when dry, tipped by the persistent style and

stigma. Scheff. Myrs. 42; Mez Monog. Myrs. 305.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 107

Perak: Wray 1924; Scortechini 498; King’s Collector 776, 4103,

4375, 5102, 5762, 6640, 8583, 10024, 10701, clinging to trees in dense

jungle at low levels. Srnancor: Ridley 7572. Sincapore: Auillett

118.—Distris. Bangka, Teysmann Hort. Bogor. No. 3189, at Djeboes.

Only one very poor specimen of the type (Teysmann’s) is available, but from an

examination of it and from Miquel’s description it seems to be right to refer the

Peninsular plant, which we had considered new, to this species.

4, Eupenia Scortecuinir, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing

shrub (?); branches slender ; ultimate branchlets reddish, rusty-villous.

Leaves entire, chartaceous; elliptic-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex,

narrowed at base; glabrous above, grey-pubescent on the nerves beneath

and with minute white scales, glandular dots obscure ; 4 to 5 in. long,

1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib very prominent, impressed above; main-nerves

about 8 pairs, prominent, slender, curving upwards to and along the

margin; reticulations many, prominent on the upper surface ; petiole

-2 in. long, pubescent. Inflorescence of slender rusty-villous panicles of

long racemes, the panicles 7 to 10 in. long, racemes 3 to 6 in.; rachis

hirsute, somewhat angular; bracts deciduous, bracteoles very minute,

subulate ; buds very small, globose. Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, very

minute, the edges ciliate with long moniliform hairs, tube very short.

Corolla-lobes oblong, acute, ‘(05 in. long, shaggy with long moniliform

hairs. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, cordate,

with two prominent papillose warts behind at the insertion of the dorsi-

fixed very short filaments. Ovary ovoid, style conical. Berry not known.

PERAK: Scortechint.

This interesting species is characterised by the abundant moniliform hairs on the

flowers, longer and more conspicuous than in other species.

5. HMBELIA PENANGIANA, Mez Monog. Myrs. 311 (1901). A climbing

shrub, stem reaching about 1 in. in diam.; branches stout; ultimate

branchlets red, striate, lenticellate. Leaves entire, chartaceous ; elliptic,

shortly acuminate at apex, narrowly cuneate at base; glabrous, not gland-

dotted; 3:5 to 4:5 in. long, i-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed

-above ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular, slender, at about two-thirds

of a right angle with the midrib at first then arching upwards to join

near the margin; secondary nerves similar but less prominent, reticula-

tions many ; petiole -5 in. long, slender, edged by the crispate decurrent

margins of the blade which are often connivent above. Injlorescence a

terminal 3-pinnate leafy panicle, 6 to 9 in. long, of slender racemes ;

rachis slightly pubescent, main branches at about half a right angle

with rachis ; peduncles about 1 in. long, upper branches and branchlets

usually at right angles; bracts lanceolate spathulate, leafy, deciduous ;

108 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bracteoles subulate, as long as or rather longer than the very short,

under ‘05 in. long pedicels; buds very small, globose, flowers red. Calyx-

lobes orbicular, glandular-ciliate, ‘05 in. long, connate to the middle, not

gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes 5, free, ovate, rounded at apex, ‘075 to ‘Lin.

long, slightly pubescent without, papillose within, not gland-dotted.

Stamens of g flowers equal to or longer than the corolla-lobes, of ¢

flowers shorter than them, inserted near the base of the lobes; anthers

oblong, emarginate, with minute black warts behind at the insertion of

the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style very short, stigma

peltate. Berry globose, red, tuberculate and corrugate, -1 in. in diam.,

fruiting pedicels as long as berry. Hmbelia Ribes var. penangiana,

Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1597.

PEnanG: Curtis 306. Perak: Wray 1875, 1409; Scortechini ;

King’s Collector 3637, 10739.

A well-marked species, distinguished by the fairly prominent nerves of the leaves,

the very short pedicels, and the absence of glandular dots.

6. EMBELIA PERGAMACEA, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 85 (1844). A slender

climbing shrub; branches rather thick, branchlets wrinkled and angular

when dry. Leaves entire, coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at

apex, cuneate or acute at base; glabrous, shining above, pale beneath,

margins recurved, glandular dots many, hardly prominent; 3 to 5 in.

long, 15 to 2 in. broad, midrib thick, impressed above; main-nerves

slender 12 to 14 pairs, parallel but irregular, raised and conspicuous on

the upper surface, leaving the midrib at about two-thirds of a right angle

and joining near the edge in an intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves

many, parallel to the main-nerves, reticulations obscure ; petiole -3 in.

long, angular, channelled above when dry by the crispate edges of the

decurrent blade. Inflorescence a large terminal, pyramidal, 4-pinnate,

nearly glabrous, leafy panicle with racemose branchlets and very

numerous flowers; main rachis thick, flattened above, branches nearly

at right angles to rachis as again are the branchlets, all angular ; bracts

ovate spathulate, leafy, bracteoles subulate acuminate as long as the

pedicels ; pedicels ‘05 in. long, somewhat longer in fruit; buds very

small, globose, flowers light red. Calyz-lobes minute, about ‘04 in.

long, broadly triangular, acute, glandular-ciliate, papillose on both

sides, dotted with few large and small brown and black glands, tube as

jong as lobes. Corolla-lobes free, ovate-oblong, glandular-ciliate, glabrous

without, papillose within, dotted in upper part only, ‘07 in. long.

Stamens as long as or shorter than corolla-lobes, inserted half-way up ;

anthers ovate cordate, emarginate, black-warted behind at the insertion

of the dorsifixed filaments. Ovary glabrous, ovoid; style thick very

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 109

short; stigma capitate. Berry globose, blue when ripe, wrinkled when

dry, ‘06 in. in diam., crowned with the persistent style, gland-dotted.

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1012; Schetf. Myrs. 34; Mez Monog. Myvrs. 310.

Ardisia pergamacea, Bl. fide A. DC.

Perak: Curtis 2029; Wray 2001; King’s Collector 3658, 4678,

6412.—Distris. Java; Borneo.

This species closely resembles EZ. coriacea, but differs in the acuminate leaves, very

shining above and prominently nerved; in the papillose calyx-lobes, petals dotted only

in the upper part and bracteoles as long as the pedicels.

7. EMBELIA cortaceA, Wall. Cat. 2314 (1829). A climbing shrub;

branches reaching 1°5 in. in diam.; branchlets reddish, twisted, somewhat

angular, roughly lenticellate. Leaves entire, coriaceous; oblong or

oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acute at apex, rounded or almost cordate or

auricled at base ; glabrous, more or less shining above, brownish beneath,

glandular dots scattered, not prominent, margin sometimes incurved ;

3 to 10 in. long, 1°5 to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed above ;

main-nerves many, slender, not prominent, irregularly parallel, at about

two-thirds of a right angle with the midrib, joining in an intramarginal

faint nerve ; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations faint; petiole

thick, -3 to ‘7 in. long, channelled when dry by the crispate edges of the

decurrent blade. Injlorescence a large terminal 4-pinnate spreading

leafy rusty-pubescent panicle with racemose branchlets and very

numerous flowers; main rachis thick, somewhat flattened, branches

nearly at right angles to rachis as again are the branchlets; bracts

leafy, decreasing upwards; bracteoles minute, subulate, about half the

length of the pedicels ; pedicels 05 in. long; buds very small, globose,

flowers grey. Calyx-lobes 5, minute, triangular, glabrous, dotted with

very few (3 to 5 per lobe) brown or black glands; tube as long as lobes.

Corolla-lobes free, 4-5, ovate, blunt, recurved, glabrous without, slightly

papillose within, gland-dotted all over. Stamens shorter than the

corolla-lobes, inserted on them about half-way up; anther-cells oblong,

somewhat divaricate, with about 4 black warts behind at the insertion

of the short filaments. Ovary ovoid, style very short, stigma capitellate.

Berry globose, smooth, ‘075 to -l in. in diam., pale, prominently

gland-dotted, wrinkled when dry, crowned with the persistent base of

the style. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 185, Prod. VIII. 87;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 513; Mez Monog. Myrs. 313. HL.

oblongata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 573; Scheff. Myrs. 34. #. macro-

phylla, Bl.; Scheff. Myrs. 36.

Prenane : Wallich 2314; Curtis 1047. Prrax: Curtis 1307 ; Derry

11712; Wray 2001, 2579, 3238; Scortechint 117, 255 ; King’s Collec-

110 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tor 2278, 3481, 4976, 5056, 5254, 5323, 6231, 6766, 7857, 10015, 10543.

Panane: Ridley 5828. Smpancor: Ridley 7562. Matacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1018; Ridley 111385. Stnaarpore: Ridley 2812.—Dtstr1p.

Sumatra; Java; Borneo, Beccari 767, 878, 1189, 2561, 3922 ; Haviland

& Hose 3469.

8. EmBexia AncuLosA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ;

branches thick, branchlets wrinkled when dry, lenticels few. Leaves

entire, coriaceous; ovate, obtuse, emarginate, glabrous, shining above,

dull beneath, glandular dots pitted on both surfaces ; 2 to 3-5 in. long,

1 to 2 in. broad; midrib very thick and prominent, impressed above ;

main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, slender, irregular, leaving the midrib at

nearly a right angle, then curved and joining near the margin, raised

on upper surface; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations obscure ;

petiole -2 in. long, channelled above and bordered by the crispate edges

of the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a dense terminal glabrous stiff

panicle about 4 in. long and broad, of racemes, the rachises sharply

angled; bracts leaf-like, spathulate, bracteoles very small, subulate ;

pedicels -05 in. long, thick, angular, glabrous or minutely pubescent,

equal to or shorter than the bracteoles ; buds globose. Calyx-lobes ovate,

ciliate, minute, ‘03 in. long, not gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes free, ovate,

acute, ‘075 in. long, nearly glabrous outside, papillose within. Stamens

shorter than corolla-lobes, inserted one-third up, reniform, with incon-

spicuous black dots at the insertion of the short dorsifixed filaments.

Ovary ovoid glabrous; style very short; stigma peltate. Berry red,

ovoid, somewhat pyriform, ribbed and gland-dotted, glabrous, crowned

with the remains of a cylindric style and capitate stigma. . coriacea,

Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. ii. TV. 200 (not of A. DC.)

Perak: Wray 1524—on Ulu Batang Padang at nearly 5,000 ft.—

Distris. Borneo, Haviland No. 1152, on Mt. Kinabalu at 7,600 to

8,800 feet.

The description of the flowers is taken from Haviland’s Borneo specimen, the rest

from Wray’s.

9. Empenia Lampant, Scheff. Myrs. 37 (1867). <A slender climbing

shrub, clinging to trees; branches reddish-brown, rough with strigose

hairs, lenticellate ; branchlets rusty-villous-hairy. Leaves chartaceous ;

oblong, obtuse or emarginate at apex, rounded or cordate at base;

margins recurved, upper surface glabrous except on the midrib, lower

surface rusty-villous, glandular dots many, scattered; 1°5 to 3°d in. long,

1 to 1‘5 in. broad; midrib impressed above, prominent below, villous on

both sides ; main-nerves many (up to 24 pairs), irregular, at about two-

thirds of a right angle with the midrib, straight at first then curving

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 111

upwards to meet in a nerve more or less parallel to the margin; secondary

nerves similar, reticulations many ; petiole -1 to -2 in long, rusty-villous.

Inflorescence of terminal panicles of pedunculate racemes 6 to 12 in.

long, the branches often leafy, rachis and peduncles all rusty-villous ;

peduncles ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, pedicels slender, about ‘05 in. long; bracts

few, leaf-like; bracteoles rather longer than the pedicels, lanceolate to

spathulate ; flowers small, buds globose, petals white, striate, tube red.

Calyx-lobes 5-6, ovate, acute, ciliate on the edges, villous, dotted with

few glands; tube as long as lobes, both together -05 in. long, longer in

fruit. Corolla gamopetalous from one-third to one-half of its length ;

lobes oblong, obtuse, recurved, ‘1 in. long, sparsely gland-dotted. Stamens

as long as or a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, inserted about half-

way up, anthers oblong, dehiscing longitudinally, the back with black

conspicuous glandular warts; filaments adnate to the corolla below

point of insertion, slender, dorsifixed. Ovary rounded, glabrous, style

cylindric, stigma peltate in 92, slightly lobed in g. Berry globose,

-1 to -15 in. in diam., black when dry, crowned with the persistent

style, rugosely glandular. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 514.

H. villosa, Wall. Cat. 2313 (im part). Grenacheria Wallichiana, Mez

Monog. Myrs. 298, fig. 49. G. Lampant, Mez lc. 294.

PENANG: Curtis 305; G. King. Prraxk: Wray 95, 2784; Scortechina

231; King’s Collector 2483, 4210, 6849, 8134. Smnancor: Ridley 10224.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1003. Sincarore: firdley 10417.—DistRip.

Sumatra, Korthals ; Borneo, Haviland & Hose.

Haviland and Hose’s Borneo specimens have rather larger flowers than, and

pedicels about twice as long as, those from the Peninsula (No. 2280).

10. EMBELIA AMENTACEA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 514

(1882). A slender climbing shrub; branches pale brown, velvety; branch-

lets cinnamomeous or rusty-villous. Leaves chartaceous; oblong or

obovate-oblong, obtuse and sometimes emarginate at apex, rounded at

base ; upper surface sparsely pilose, under surface pubescent, pale bluish-

green, glandular dots many prominent ; 2 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to:1 in. broad;

midrib impressed above, prominent below, villous on both sides; main-

nerves few, 6 to 10 pairs, irregular, at about two-thirds of a right angle

with the midrib, arching upwards, branching and joining in a nerve near

the margin ; secondary nerves similar but more slender, reticulations not

prominent; petiole :15 in. long, villous, winged by the decurrent base of

the blade. Inflorescence of terminal panicles of pedunculate racemes,

the branches leafy, the leaves passing gradually into oblong or spathu-

late conspicuous bracts; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long, enlarged at base ;

pedicels -1 in. long, supported by linear subulate bracteoles twice their

112 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

length, so that when in bud the racemes have the appearance of

catkins ; flowers very small, buds globose. Calyz-lobes 5, acute, ciliate

on the edges, gland-dotted, tube as long as lobes, both together -05 in.

long. Corolla very shortly gamopetalous; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, glabrous

within, ‘05 in. long. Stamens very short, shorter than corolla-lobes,

inserted about half-way up; anthers oblong, rounded, with black

papillose warts on the back; filaments as long as anthers, dorsifixed.

Ovary rounded, glabrous, conical above, style slender, stigma peltate.

Berry globose, wrinkled when dry, ‘1 to ‘125 in. in diam., crowned

with the persistent style and stigma, black when dry. Grenacheria

amentacea, Mez Monog. Myrs. 294.

Prrak: Scortechiu 802; Ridley 7172 (part); King’s Collector 5055,

6280, 6817, 8692—in open ground and in bamboo forests. SELANGOR :

Fiidley 7561, Native Collector 28024, Goodenough 10555. Manacca:

Griffith (K.D.) 3548.

Mez suggests that this may be a young state of Grenacheria Wallichiana. He

apparently saw only Griffith’s specimen. The abundant material now available clearly

shows that Clarke correctly considered it as separate. The curious catkin-like young

inflorescence and the more sparse leaf-venation distinguish it.

11. Ewpenia Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing (?)

shrub; branchlets light brown, wrinkled. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong,

acute at apex, rounded at base; glabrous, glandular dots scattered’

obscure, margin somewhat recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad ;

midrib thick, prominent below; main-nerves prominent below, about 12

pairs, curving upwards and meeting in a looped intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves and reticulations faint; petiole ‘5 in. long, thick.

Inflorescence an axillary panicle of racemes, the branches curved, distant ;

rachis -5 to 1 in. long, that of racemes shorter, bracteoles minute,

triangular ; racemes about ‘5 in. long. Calyzx-lobes 4 or 5, ovate, gland-

dotted, very small. Corolla and rest not seen.

SINGAPORE: Fiidley 6324. It seems to come near to H. floribunda,

Wall.

Li. Tsjeriam-Cottam, A. DC. is quoted by Mez as extending from India southwards |

to Singapore, but we have seen no specimens from our region.

12. EmpeciaA Myrrinuus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. 11. 67

(1871), and For. Fl. II. 104. A small climbing shrub (Wray) ; branches

rough, somewhat corky, with large lenticels ; ultimate branchlets densely

rusty-villous. Leaves coriaceous; bifarious, broadly elliptic to almost

orbicular, acute at apex with usually 3 terminal teeth, narrowed truncate

or cordate at base; glabrous above, slightly villous on nerves beneath ;

glandular dots black, numerous, small, fewer large, scattered, especially

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 113

near the apex and along the margin, which is often recurved ; -4 to ‘7 in.

long, *3 to*6 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 6 pairs, arched

upwards and joining in an intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves similar,

reticulations prominent; petiole ‘1 in. long, villous. Flowers tetramerous,

very small, in umbels or very short racemes on short axillary arrested

branches, -1 to 15 in. long, shorter than the leaves; bracts minute, sub-

ulate. Calyx-lobes ovate, glandular ciliate, densely papillose within, ‘05 in.

long, tube very short. Corolla-lobes free, oblong, rounded at apex, ‘1 in.

long, glandular-ciliate on the edges, conspicuously marked with black,

oblong or linear glands. Stamens longer than the corolla-lobes in g

flowers, shorter in @ ; anthers oblong, often cordate, with conspicuous

warts at the insertion of the dorsifixed filaments which spring from

the base of the petals. Ovary ovoid; style slender; stigma capitate,

4-cleft. Berry globose, red or black, ‘15 to :2 in. in. diam., promi-

nently gland-dotted, tipped with the persistent style and stigma.

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 516; Mez Monog. Myrs. 322.

Myrsine Myrtillus, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 825. Samara Myrtillus, Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 223.

Perak: Scortechint 762; Wray 1565, 3818, on Gunong Bubu

and Gunong Brumber, at 5,000 to 7,000 feet. Matacca: summit of

Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3542; Lobb; Ridley.—Distris. Burma,

Griffith.

13. EmBELiIA PARVIFLORA, Wall. Cat. 2307 (1829). A slender climbing

shrub reaching 60 feet in length ; branches and branchlets densely rusty-

villous, slender. Leaves chartaceous; distichous, ovate, obtusely acute

at the apex, truncate at base; glabrous except on the midrib beneath ;

margin slightly recurved; glandular dots many, prominent, scattered,

more numerous towards the apex; ‘7 to 1:5 in. long, ‘5 to -75 in. broad ;

midrib prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 8 to 10

pairs, slender, curving upwards towards the margin; secondary nerves

slender, many, reticulations prominent; petiole scarcely :05 in. long,

rusty-villous, channelled above. Inflorescence of very short axillary few-

flowered subumbellate racemes, 3 4-6-flowered with -15 in. long slender

pedicels, 2 1-3-flowered with -05 in. slender pedicels; bracts in both

minute subulate; flowers pentamerous; budsglobose. Calyx-lobes oblong,

fimbriate-ciliate, -05 in. long, with few (about 6) large brown glands,

glandular-villous without, tube very short, ciliz moniliform. Corolla-

lobes ovate, rounded, ciliate, ‘075 in. long, 05 in. broad, with few unequal-

sized prominent brown glands. Stamens in g flowers longer than

corolla-lobes, in ¢ much shorter; anthers reniform, in g apiculate

and warted at back at the insertion of the dorsifixed, rather long fila-

ments which spring from near the base of the corolla-lobes. Ovary

114 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

rounded, glabrous; style slender, curved, stigma peltate, at any rate in

2. Berry globose, red, black when dry, smooth, 15 to -2in.in diam.,

surmounted by the remains of the style and stigma. A. DC. in Trans.

Linn. Soc. XVII. 130 (excel. var. (3), Prod. VIII. 86: Scheff. Myrs.

44; Kurz For. Fl. II. 104; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 515;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 324. Samara parviflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 223. Celastrinea, Griff. Itin. Notes 85, n. 1226.

PERAK: Scortechint ; Wray 4194—at Maxwell’s Hill, Larut, 3,500

feet ; Curtis 2059—on Hijan Range; King’s Collector 2342, 6992—from

dense forests on high hills at 3,000 to 5,000 feet.—Distrip. Khasia

and Naga Hills; Upper Burma, Griffith (K.D.) 3545, &e. ; Sumatra

IMPERFECTLY KNoWN SPECIES.

14, Hmpenia tucipa, Wall. Cat. 2315. Leaves 3 in. long, 1:25 in.

broad, broadly oblong, suddenly narrowed at both ends, entire, glabrous,

coriaceous. acemes 1 in. long, axillary, simple, solitary or paired,

rusty-villous. A. DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 134, Prod. VIII. 87

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 517; Mez Monog. Myrs. 396.

Sincapore: Wallich 2315.

15. Empenia MacrocaRpPA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A strong climber,

branchlets thick, nearly black, rough. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, obtuse

or shortly acuminate at apex, almost rounded at base, glabrous, margin

reflexed; 6 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib rather slender; main-

nerves irregular, distant, not prominent, about 8 pairs; secondary nerves

slender, obscure as are the reticulations; petiole -7 to 1 in. long, thick,

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the leaves. Flowers

apparently on rather short, thick racemes from the branches. Calya-

lobes 4, triangular, acute, gland-dotted, under -1 in. long. Berry large,

‘) to ‘7 in. in diam., smooth, wrinkled when dry, globose, crowned with

the short remains of the Benpisyent style. Seed with many conspicuous

pits. Rest not seen.

PENANG: at Marriot’s Road, 1,500 feet, Cwrtes 1229.

The following Burmese species is here inserted, as it is found in

Tenasserim and may occur further south in the Malay Peninsula.

Empenia GauLatiy1, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub; branchlets

Younded, dark brown, lenticellate. Leaves ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate at base;

prominently crenate dentate with blunt teeth and glands in the crenatures ; glabrous

on both surfaces, glandular dots few, chiefly near the margin; 1 to 1:4 in. long, °5 to

‘7 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs; arching

upwards to the crenatures; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations prominent ;

petiole -1 to ‘2 in. long, channelled above, crispately edged. Inflorescence of axillary

corymbose racemes, 10-12-flowered, rachis about 2 in. long, bracts minute subulate,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 115

the whole minutely rusty-pubescent, pedicels slender. Calyx-lobes triangular acute

‘03 to -05 in. long, ciliate; tube as long as lobes or somewhat shorter. Corolla-lobes

oblong-spathulate, -1 in. long, ciliate, minutely pubescent, sparsely gland-dotted.

Stamens longer than corolla-lobes, 15 in., anthers oblong, cells parallel, not warted

behind at the insertion of the long exsert filaments which spring from close to the base

of the corolla-lobes. Ovary oyoid-conical, style short curved, stigma minute. Berry

unknown.

TENASSERIM: at Moolyet, 5,000 feet, G. Gallatly No. 407. Gamble

No. 7906 from Mianimukh, Chittagong Hill Tracts, without flowers or

fruit, is probably this species.

4, Lapistra, Lindl.

Small shrubs, with a creeping rhizome and erect stem, resembling

Pothos in appearance. Leaves few, coriaceous, entire or denticulate,

sessile or petiolate, the petiole often dilated, main leaf-nerves very many,

at right angles to the midrib. lowers hermaphrodite, minute, pink, in

axillary spike-like panicles, bracts very small. Calyx minute, 5-lobed.

Corolla 5-lobed, lobes ovate, induplicato-valvate in bud; tube very short.

Stamens 5, wrapped in the corolla-lobes; filaments very short; anthers

ovoid, introrsely dehiscent, no staminodes. Ovary globose, attenuated

into a short style; stigma small; ovules few, immersed in a globose

central placenta. rwit small, globose, red, 1-seeded. Seed globose,.

hollowed at the base; albumen smooth ; embryo cylindric transverse..

—Disrris. About 4 species, all of the Malay Peninsula and Archi-

pelago.

Leaves petiolate without decurrent wings :—

Leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate, much longer than broad 1. L. pumilavar. lanceolata..

Leaf-blades ovate or ovate-orbicular, nearly as broad

as long.. we a

Leaves with winged petioles or sessile :—

Wings very narrow, blade of leaf acuminate at both

ends .. e ar 4 .. IL. L. pumila.

Wings broad :—

Leaves crenate, thin, main-nerves rather distant .. 1. L. pumila, var. alata.

Leaves entire, coriaceous, main-nerves very close

and regular a bi ve .. 38 L. longistyla.

1. Lasista pumina, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II. 645 (1876). A.

semi-herbaceous undershrub, with rooting stems and leaves not jointed

at their insertion but decurrent into them. Leaves bluish-green,

elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, and more or less.

-decurrent on the petiole; crenately toothed, or sometimes nearly

entire ; blade 5 to 8 in. long by 1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib thick, often

rusty-pubescent; main-nerves extremely numerous, nearly at right angles.

to the midrib, parallel, slender, anastomosing towards the margin, and.

2. L. pauctfolia.

116 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

then producing an elegant network; under-surface with brown glandular

scales; petiole 1 to 3 in., enlarged at the base, often minutely rusty-

pubescent. Flowers pink, in a spike-like, long-stalked, ferruginous-

tomentose panicle of small corymbose bracteate clusters; peduncles

of corymbs 1 in. long or shorter, sometimes none; bract linear-subulate,

“05 to 1 in. long.; pedicels -05 to 1 in., slender, with minute bracteoles.

Calyz-lobes triangular, acute, ‘025 in. long, densely glandular. Corolla-

lobes ovate, with linear glands, glabrous. Stamens infolded in the

corolla; filaments very short; anthers oblong-linear, apiculate, with

several hard round or linear black warts on the back. Ovary rounded,

pubescent, ending in a subulate angular style with minute notched

stigma. Fruit a globose red berry, about ‘15 in. in diam., ribbed

and with prominent elongate glands, surmounted by the persistent

style. Mez Monog. Myrs. 171 (var. genuina). L. pothoina, Lindl. in

Bot. Reg. 31. t. 48; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 518; Stapf

in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IV. 200; Ardisia pumila, Blume Bijdr.

688; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 187; Mig. Pl. Jungh. 199 and Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 1028; Scheff. Myrs. 92. A ? spicata, Wall. Cat. 2273;

A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 135.

SINGAPORE or PrEnanc: Walker, 165. Prnana: Curtis 1192;

Kunstler 1159. Perak: Scortechim; Wray 753a. Mauacca: Maingay

1013 (K.D.); Stolsczka. Sinecapore: Ardley 1804.—Distrip. Java:

Forbes 238, 474. In dense moist forests on the lower slopes of hills.

Var. lanceolata, Scheff. lc. 93. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,

somewhat rounded at base; not, or very slightly, decurrent ; blade 5 to

8 in. long, by 1°5 to 3°5 in. broad; petiole 2 to 5 in. long not winged.

Inflorescence more slender, bracts often longer than the peduncle of the

corymb. Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 518; Mez Monog. Myrs. 172.

L. pothoina, N. EH. Brown (non Lindl.) in Ill. Hort. XXXII. 95 tab. 561.

Penane: Hullett 201. Pananea: Goodenough 2799. SinGapore :

Lobb 61; Kurz; T. Anderson 196.—Distris. Sumatra, Korthals ;

Borneo, Motley 1250, Haviland.

Var. alata, Scheff. le. 93. Leaves thin ashy-green above, dark

green below, elliptic oblong, rounded at top or obtusely acuminate ;

gradually or suddenly narrowed into a broad wing decurrent on the

petiole; crenate glands and scales few or none; 6 to 16 in. long, 2 to

4 in. broad. Inflorescence with the corymbs usually more closely

congested and on a shorter peduncle ; flowers somewhat smaller, bracts

usually longer than the corymb peduncle, flowers white or pink. Mez

Monog. Myrs. 172. JL. alata, N. E. Brown in Ill. Hort. XX XIII. 123,

t. 605. .

Perak: Wray 7538, 824, 2482, 2737; Scortechim ; King’s Collector

Flora of the Malayan Penmsula. hi By

980, 2815, 2882, 2891, 2942, 2974, 2999, 3376, 8325, 10949. Sincarore:

Lobb 313.—Distris. Sumatra, Korthals ; Borneo.

2. LABISIA PAUCIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small semi-

herbaceous undershrub, 10 to 15 in. high; the stems striate, round,

minutely purplish-brown-pubescent, bearing rarely more than 3 to

4 leaves. Leaves long-petioled, the blade ovate or orbicular-ovate,

rounded at top into a bluntly acute point, rounded at base and then

very shortly decurrent; entire or very minutely crenate ; 2°5 to 4 in.

Ieng, 1:5 to 3in. broad ; main-nerves slender, numerous, more or less

parallel, joining near the edge; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, thickened at

the base and decurrent into the stem. Inflorescence 1:5 to 2°56 in.

long, consisting of axillary, short-peduncled, rusty-pubescent racemes,

the flowers reflexed, single or in few-flowered sessile clusters; pedicels

05 to ‘1 in. long, with short subulate bracts of equal length. Calyz-

lobes ovate-acuminate, covered without with numerous glands, ‘075 in.

long; tube short, about half the length of lobes. Corolla-lobes oblong-

acuminate, -125 in. long, glabrous. Stamens closely enfolded ; filaments

very short; anthers hastate, long apiculate, glandular warted behind,

‘1 in. long. Ovary rounded, pubescent; style about -04 in. long,

angular, oblique ; stigma minute, notched. Fruit a dark red berry, ‘1 in.

in diam., striate and with oblong glands.

Perak: Scortechini; Wray 4102; King’s Collector 8078. In open

forest at 3,000 to 5,000 feet.

Besides the characteristic leaves, the acuminate petals and hastate long apiculate

anthers make this species recognisable, though the leaf-venation resembles that

of L. pumila.

3. LaBisIA LONGISTYLA, King & Gamble, n. sp. An undershrub

about 2 feet high; stem thick, rusty-brown, minutely pubescent. Leaves

sessile, oblong, entire, rounded at apex and very slightly emarginate,

decurrent below in a broad wing for about + of their length; promi-

nently glandular-pitted above and with rusty glandular scales below;

7 to 12 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib very thick, prominent, glandu-

- lar scaly ; main-nerves at right angles to midrib, extremely numerous,

straight, parallel, anastomosing towards the edge which is slightly

recurved. Inflorescence a raceme-like rusty-pubescent panicle of single

flowers or shortly peduncled few-flowered secund corymbs, 8 to 9 in.

long, the main peduncle about 4 in. ; corymb-peduncles curved, angled,

*3 to -4 in. long; bracts very short, subulate; pedicels striate, about

‘15 in. long; bracteoles minute. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, glandular

without, tube rather shorter than lobes, together ‘06 in. long. Corolla

and stamens unknown. Ovary rounded, pubescent, crowned by 2

118 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

filiform -2 in. long style. Frwit a globose berry, with a conical top

and the remains of the style, glabrous, striate with linear-oblong

prominent glands. |

Perak: Wray 1590. Ssuancor: Curtis 3750, at 3,000 to 4,000

feet.

5. ARDISIA, Swartz.

Small trees, shrubs or semi-herbaceous undershrubs, evergreen,

generally all parts with pellucid glands which often dry black. Leaves

sessile or petiolate, membranous to coriaceous, entire crenate or

serrate. Flowers regular, pedicellate, hermaphrodite; inflorescence

various. Calyx inferior, 4-6-lobed, the lobes free or overlapping to

the right; tube very open, as long as or shorter than the lobes. Corolla

red white or spotted, often waxy in appearance, 4—6-lobed, the tube

often very short; the lobes overlapping to the right, often twisted.

Stamens equal in number to, and opposite to, the corolla-lobes, some-

times long and narrow, usually sagittate-lanceolate and apiculate,

sometimes very small, fixed to the corolla-tube by filaments usually

short and broad; generally opening by slits, occasionally by terminal

pores, in A. littoralis septate; dehiscence always introrse. Ovary

globose, sometimes narrowed into the style, more often almost

depressed; style usually filiform, rather long; stigma punctiform ;

ovules few or many, immersed in a globose placenta. fruit a globose,

rarely obovoid, berry, usually surmounted by the remains of the style,

fleshy, red or purple or black, often spotted; endocarp crustaceous ;

1-seeded. Seed solitary, large, globose, hollowed at the base ; albumen

pitted or ruminate; embryo cylindric horizontal.—Distris. 200 to 250

species, all of tropical or sub-tropical regions in both worlds, scarce

in Africa.

Leaves entire or crenate, never serrate :—

Leaves entire, or if crenate without glands in the

crenatures :—

Calyx-lobes not, or only slightly, overlapping to

the right, usually small :—

Inflorescence lateral :—

Inflorescence short-peduncled, shorter than

the leaves (I. PrmzLanpRa) :—

Leaves entire; inflorescence on wood of

current and past years :—

Leaves over 6 in. long; nerves con-

spicuous :—

Leaves nearly glabrous beneath ;

main-nerves less than 20 .. IL. A. pachysandra.

Leaves densely tomentose beneath ;

main-nerves more than 20 .. 2. A. Teysmanniana.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves under 6 in. long :—

Leaves shining, nerves obscure;

flower-buds very short, rounded .. 3.

Leaves not shining, nerves con-

spicuous; flower-budslong,acuminate 4.

Leayes crenate ; inflorescence on wood of

current year 56 ong ML

Inflorescence long- pedaneled (Ee Lnosnas)

Peduncles slender, under 1 in. long, pu-

bescent ; leaves membranous

Peduncles thick, 3 to 3°5in. ae Bingraae:

leaves coriaceous. ; ae tiki

Inflorescence fonnidals —

Style exsert in the bud (III. Srynarprsra) :—

Leaves membranous ; inflorescence short,

few-flowered: be Sie aH, ek

Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, inflor-

escence elongate, many-flowered :—

Leaves without a conspicuous intra-

marginal nerve :—

Calyx-lobes -05 in. long or under,

usually glabrous :—

Leaves coriaceous :—

Leaves not thickly scaly beneath :—

Nerves of leaves obscure, leaves

dark when dry .. 9.

Nerves of leaves sronkne at,

leaves pale when dry 3 dl

Leaves thickly scaly beneath :—

Leaves broad; main-nerves very

many, prominent, over 24 pairs 11.

Leaves narrow; main-nerves

fewer, obscure, 20 pairs ey unl:

Leaves chartaceous :—

Panicles slender, elongate ; leaves

usually small, main-nerves at

about 60° to midrib sq) 18}

Panicles rather thick, compact;

leaves generally large, main-

nerves at about 75° to midrib .. 14.

Calyx-lobes -2 in. long, ferruginous

pubescent .. so UG}

Leaves with a conspicuous mines ginal

nerve e 163

Style not exsert in ie bud ‘av. hans

DISIA) :-—

Branches of the inflorescence racemose;

buds long, slender ae aGl(

Branches of the inflorescence umbellate ;

buds short, conical ks = 18

Calyx-lobes clearly overlapping to the Sane

usually large and broad :—

Inflorescence terminal (V. Tropsis) :—

. chrysophyllifolia.

. solanoides.

. fulva.

. ferruginea.

. lankawiensis.

. andamanica.

. tuberculata.

. ophirensis.

. labisiefolia.

montana.

. sinuata.

. colorata.

. crassa.

. platyclada.

. porosa.

. divergens.

119

120

Leaves under 6 in. long; panicle compact,

pedicels slender, flowers rather small; berry

globose, -2 in. in diam. °

Leaves usually over 6 in. long; panicle

spreading, pedicels stout, flowers large;

berry depressed, over '25 in. in diam.

Inflorescence lateral (VI. Trnus) :-—

Anthers septate ; leaves coriaceous, obovate,

inflorescence short .. oc

Anthers not septate :-—

Leaves usually over 6 in. long :—

Leaves 8 to 15 in. long, ie buds

25 in. long 46 ° ;

Leaves 5 to 10 in. long :—

Main-nerves at about an angle of 60°

with midrib :-—

Buds :4 in. long or more; leaves

coriaceous :—

Buds conical; calyx-lobes

rounded ; raceme glabrous

Buds rounded ; calyx-lobes emar-

ginate, raceme rusty-pubescent

Buds °3 in. long only, rounded;

leaves chartaceous

Main-nerves at only about 30° wb

the midrib; calyx-lobes emarginate

Leaves usually under 6 or even 5 in.

long :—

Leaves few-nerved; inflorescence long,

racemose a0 56 lle

Leaves many-nerved; inflorescence

short, 1-5-flowered . 28.

Anthers not known ; leaves 7 to 10 in. ee.

under 2°5 in. broad; main-nerves at an angle

of 80° with midrib in an elegant network

with secondary nerves and reticulations

Anthers not known ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-

ovate, acuminate, 4°5 to 6:5 in. long; calyx-

lobes 4; inflorescence apparently terminal. .

Anthers not known ; leaves 3 to 5 in. long,

under 1:5 in. broad, acuminate, flowers 2 ..

Anthers not known ; leaves 4 to 6 in. long,

‘7 to ‘9 in. broad, linear-lanceolate ; flowers

in peduncled axillary umbellate racemes,

about 5 to 8 .

Leaves crenate, with glands in the peeinees

(VII. Crisparpista) :—

Calyx-lobes more or less gland-dotted :—

Calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse or obtusely acute :—

Calyx-lobes lingulate, over :25 in. long,

sparsely dotted; inflorescence short; leaves

lanceolate, more or less villous. .

Calyx-lobes under ‘1 in. long, pigmanentle

. 19.

- 20.

. 21,

. 23.

24,

. 25.

26.

. 29.

30.

31.

. 33.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

A. sumatrana.

A. lanceolata.

A. litioralis.

. A. Kunstleri.

A. solanacea.

A. lurida.

A, oxyphylla.

A. Scortechinit.

A. pendula.

A. Hullettiz.

A. oblongifolia.

A. tetrasepala.

A. biflora.

. A. tahanica.

A, villosa.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 121

dotted; inflorescence long; leaves oblong,

glabrous, pale ae .. 34. A. virens.

Calyx-lobes ovate, more or less nanliee —

Inflorescence axillary, racemose or umbel-

late :—

Racemes or umbels in the axils of upper

leaves only :—

Leaves over 5 in. long, crenatures broad,

very shallow, rounded :—

Leaves membranous, pedicels slender 35. A. Wrayi.

Leaves coriaceous, pedicels thick .. 36. A. minor.

Leaves under 4 in. long, crenatures

narrow, almost dentate .. . 37. A. perakensis.

Racemes in the axils of all or nearly all

the leaves, crenatures narrow . 88. A. Meziana.

Inflorescence terminal or pseudo- ee —

Inflorescence of a single sessile, umbellate

raceme ; leaves 4 to 8 in. long .. 39. A. Ridleyt.

Inflorescence usually of panicled racemes ;

leaves 2 to 4 in. long te .. 40. A. crenata.

Calyx-lobes not gland-dotted; inflorescence ter-

minal or pseudo-terminal :-—

Branches of inflorescence short, not more than

1 in. long; leaves 2 to 4 in. long .. 41. A. rosea.

Branches of inflorescence 2 to 3 in. long;

leaves 4 to 6 in. long . 42. A. longepedunculata.

Leaves acutely and prominently ser aie aganetoneliiy

abortive (VIII. Buaputa) :—

Inflorescence long, reaching 6 to 8 in.; leaves

large, nearly or quite sessile Su .. 43. A. Maingayi.

Inflorescence short, under 2°5 in.; leaves

petioled :—

Inflorescence 1:5 to 2°5 in. long; anthers

mucronate ; leaves under 3 in. long .. 44. A. theefolia.

Inflorescence under 1°5 in. long; anthers

emarginate; leaves over 4 in. long :—

Leaves and branchlets fulvous-villous ;

flowers pink; ovary and base of style

pubescent .. 45. A. odontophylla var. Lobbii.

Leaves and inochi aia flowers

white ; ovary and base of style glabrous .. 46. A. bambusetorum.

1. ArpIsIA PACHYSANDRA, Mez Monog. Myrs. 97 fig. 14 A—E (1901).

A large shrub or small tree reaching to 40 to 50 feet high, and 6

to 10 in. diam.; branches with pale brown bark, marked with

decurrent lines below the leaves or leaf-scars ; branchlets thickly rusty-

villous at the ends. Leaves membranous ; oblong or slightly obovate,

acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, except on the midrib

which is sometimes minutely pubescent, glabrous or slightly pubescent

beneath ; entire, glands numerous near the margins; 6 to 10 in. long,

1:5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib thick, slightly impressed above ; main-nerves

122 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

14 to 20 pairs, irregular, -4 to ‘5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about

60°, then slightly arching to and along the margin; petiole 4 to ‘6 in.

long, pubescent, wrinkled, slightly channelled above. Inflorescence

of small, axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled, umbels or corymbs ;

peduncles ‘1 in. long, flowers 6 to 8; pedicels slender, pubescent, striate,

‘4 in. long; bracts minute, subulate, densely pubescent, deciduous.

Calyz-lobes ovate, rounded, pubescent, ‘2 in. long, slightly overlapping

to the right, ciliate, gland-dotted especially near the tip. Corolla-lobes

boat-shaped, broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, 3 in. long, glabrous,

white, faintly nerved, dots very few, revolute in flower; tube short.

Stamens a little shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, cuspidate-

acuminate, much gland-dotted and warted at the back on the connective ;

filaments thick. Ovary rounded, glabrous, style subulate, as long as

the anthers. Berry -2 to 4 in. in diam., globose, glabrous, pale.

Myrsine pachysandra, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II.

997; Wall. Cat. 2284; A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 111.

Pimelandra Wallichia, A. DC. in Ann. Se. Nat. 2. XVI. 88; Prod.

VIII. 106; Deless. Ic. Sel. V. 14. t. 31; Scheff. Myrs. 94; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. II. 1029; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 531.

Penane: Wallich 2284; Porter; Curtis 1156, 3164, 3181, 3737.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3597 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1006. Perak: Wray

1358 ; King’s Collector 5995, 7194.—Distris. Borneo (?).

2. Arnpis1a Treysmanniana, Scheff. in Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXXI.

368 and in Flora 253 (1870). A large shrub or small tree; branchlets

brown, with wavy longitudinal lines passing downwards from the sides

of the bases of the petioles, lenticels numerous, innovations densely

ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves entire, chartaceous; oblong or slightly

obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, alternate

and sometimes abruptly rounded at base ; glabrous above, densely ferru-

ginous-tomentose beneath; glands very numerous, small, evenly dis-

tributed over the whole under surface; 6 to 11 in. long, 1:5 to

3 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent beneath; main-nerves 25 to 30

pairs, ‘3 to ‘4 in. apart, starting at an angle of 60°, at first straight,

then curving to meet in the margin in a looped nerve, raised beneath

as are the few secondary nerves and the many oblique reticulations ;

petiole very thick, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, usually bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade which are again revolute. Inflorescence of

axillary pedunculate umbels or corymbs; peduncles in flower -1 to

‘2 in. long, in fruit sometimes up to ‘5 in., 4-5-flowered; pedicels

slender, *4 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent, striate ; bracteoles

linear-subulate, deciduous. Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded, pubescent,

‘1 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-lobes ovate-acuminaie, ‘2 in. long, softly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 123

pubescent, glands inconspicuous, tube very short. Stamens nearly

as long as corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, concave

and warted on the connective at the back, 175 in. long; filaments

slender, ‘05 in. long, glabrous. Ovary rounded, glabrous ; style slender,

subulate, as long as stamens. Berry globose, slightly depressed, °3 in.

in diam., black-gland-dotted, faintly ribbed. Mez in Monog. Myys.

97. Pimelandra Teysmanmana, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.

Pl. IT. 64. Pimelandra Wallichw var. Teysmanmana, Clarke in Hook.

fen Bre ind: Ll. 531.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1007. Stneapore: Cantley; Ridley

2800, 5573, 6788.—Distris. Bangka.

This species is easily distinguished from the former by having many more and

much closer nerves to the leaves, and by the dense rusty tomentum.

3. ARDISIA CHRYSOPHYLLIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree,

branchlets reddish-brown, innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent.

Leaves entire, coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acute at apex,

narrowed at base; glabrous on both surfaces; glands scattered, visible

on the under surface; 4 to 6 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib

thick, prominent; main-nerves many, more or less parallel, incon-

spicuous, meeting, with the secondary nerves, in a wavy intramarginal

nerve, reticulations fine; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous, channelled

above and edged by the decurrent margin of the blade. Inflorescence

of small, axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled, umbels of up to about

12 flowers; pedicels slender, °2 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent ; bracts

minute, triangular; buds very short, rounded. Calyxz-lobes 5, ovate,

minutely ciliate, pubescent and scaly outside, dotted with many con-

spicuous golden glands, :05 in. long, tube a little shorter. Corolla-lobes

ovate, concave, sparsely glandular, glabrous, -08 in. long; tube none

or very short. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers

ovate acuminate, black-gland-dotted behind ; filaments short. Ovary

rounded, glabrous ; style subulate, ‘05 in. long. Berry globose, some-

what depressed, covered with round and elongate glands, -15 in. in

diam.

Perak: at Lower Camp, Gunong Pateh, 3,400 feet, Wray 483,

1118, 1182.

4, ARDISIA SOLANOIDES, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub,

3 to 4 feet high; branches slender, smooth, dark brown; branchlets

glandular-hirsute, marked by obscure raised lines from the sides of the

bases of the petioles. Leaves entire, membranous; elliptic, bluntly long

caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous above, more

or less glandular-hirsute beneath; glandular dots many, scattered,

prominent; 2°5 to 3°5 in. long, -75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender,

124 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

raised beneath ; main-nerves 8 to 9 pairs, raised, at an angle of 60° with

the midrib, the-lowest pair more oblique, nearly straight, meeting at

about two-thirds of the way to the margin in a looped intramarginal

raised nerve, reticulations obscure; petiole -15 in. long, bordered by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of sessile, axillary,

umbellate, nearly glabrous racemes of about 4 to 6 flowers, racemes

hardly -1 in. long; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, gland-dotted, -1 in.

long ; pedicels slender, 3 to -4 in. long, slightly clavate ; buds conical,

acuminate, *3 in. long; flowers white with a blueish tinge. Calyx-lobes

4 to 5, very short, rounded, scarious and ciliate on the margins, gland-

dotted. Corolla-lobes ovate below, caudate-acuminate above, twisted

and reflexed in flower, 3 in. long, sparsely pale-glandular-punctate.

Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes, lanceolate, membranous at

tip, with two lines of glandular dots on the back of the connective.

Ovary rounded; style very slender, as long as stamens. Berry bright

red, glossy, -25 in. in diam. when dry.

PERAK: in dense jungle on rich soil, at 500 to 800 feet, King’s

Collector 4254.

This species very closely resembles Antistrophe caudata, but is at once distinguished

by the fact of the corolla-lobes overlapping to the right instead of to the left. The

flowers somewhat resemble those of Ardisia porosa.

5. ARDISIA FULVA, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a shrub;

branchlets rather thick, usually marked by raised lines descending

from the bases of the leaves; innovations densely tawny-villous; leaf-

buds lanceolate, densely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong

_ or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, somewhat rounded

at base; glabrous or slightly scaly above, thickly tawny - villous

beneath; glandular dots few, scattered, obscure, in the areoles of the

minor nerves; crenate, especially in the upper two-thirds; 4 to 7 in.

long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs,

irregular, arching upwards and joining in an intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves slender, faint, reticulations curved; petiole -4 to ‘6 in.

long, winged by the decurrent edges of the blade. Inflorescence of short

1 to 1:5 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent, drooping, corymbs in the axils

of tawny, leaf-like, often nearly 1 in. long, bracts from the young branches

below the end leaves; peduncles about ‘7 in. long, slender, pedicels —

slender, up to ‘5 in. long; bracteoles subulate, short, tawny; buds ovate,

‘2 to 25 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate, thin, villous without, ciliate, -1 to

‘15 in. long, marked with prominent black dots, recurved in flower ; tube

short. Corolla-lobes obovate, obtuse, ‘2 to *25 in. long, oblique, unequal,

marked by prominent round or oblong black dots, tube short. Stamens

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 125

a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, acuminate, with 2 rows of

prominent black dots behind the anthers; filaments short. Ovary

ovoid, surmounted by a short, ‘1 in. long, subulate style, glabrous. Berry

*2 in. in diam., black when dry, ribbed.

Kepax: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 2133. Punane: Ridley 10216.

Perak: Ridley 8269.

6. ARDISIA FERRUGINEA, Mez Monog. Myvs. 108 (1901). A shrub (?) ;

branchlets slender, densely ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves mem-

branous; linear- or oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, rounded

at base; glabrous or slightly rusty-scaly above, rusty - pubescent

beneath ; entire; glands not apparent; 3 to 4°5 in. long, 75 to 1 in.

broad; midrib slender, nerves very faint; petiole -1 to ‘2 in. long,

rusty-pubescent. Stipules small, linear-falcate. Flowers in densely

ferruginous-pubescent, bipinnate panicles in the axils of upper leaves ;

peduncles ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; bracts linear subulate about -15 in. ; pedicels

slender, -1 to -2 in. long; bracteoles minute ; buds conical. Calyx-lobes

ovate, obtuse, ciliate, connate to rather over one-third, with wavy

glandular dots. Corolla-lobes shortly connate at the base, broadly and

obliquely ovate, short acuminate, gland-dotted. Stamens a little shorter

than the corolla-lobes ; anthers large, ovate, gradually acute, scarcely

punctate ; filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style slender.

JoHORE: at Kampong Sunpai, Lake & Kelsall (Ridley 4032).

This species does not seem to differ very much from 4. Miqueliana, Scheff. in Tijdsch.

Ned. Ind. XXXI. 367, in respect to leaves, but that species has terminal and not axillary

flowers.

7. ARDISIA LANKAWIENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets

smooth, glabrous, obscurely striate, with raised lines from the edges of

the bases of the leaf-petioles. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-

lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute at base, glabrous; entire; glandular

dots frequent near the margins; 3°5 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 1°5 in. broad;

midrib slender ; main-nerves obscure, about 12 to 14 pairs, anastomosing

near the margin, secondary nerves and reticulations similar; petiole

‘5 to 6 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers pink, in long-peduncled, closely congested racemes in the axils

of the uppermost leaves; peduncles 3 to 3°5 in. long, flattened, glabrous ;

pedicels ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, striate, slender ; bracteoles minute, caducous.

Calyz-lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, with many glands on the back, :075 in.

long. Corolla-lobes ovate, acuminate, much gland-dotted, -25 to °3 in.

long. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes, ovate-lanceolate,

mucronate, dehiscing on the margins but more widely near the top.

Ovary rounded, obscurely 5-lobed; style -2 in. long, twisted and

126 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

wrinkled. frwit a depressed, obscurely 5-angled berry, °2 in. in diam.,

pericarp very smooth inside.

Kepa#: on Lankawi Island, Rzdley 8313.

8. ARDISIA ANDAMANICA, Kurz For. Fl. II. 108 (1877) and in Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. XLVI. 11. 225. A small or medium-sized evergreen shrub

reaching 15 feet high and 2 in. in diam.; branches slender with reddish-

brown bark, striate when dry, branchlets glabrous. Leaves entire, mem-

branous; oblong lanceolate, narrowly long acuminate at apex, cuneate

at base ; glabrous on both surfaces but with many scattered glandular

dots and occasional peltate scales; 3 to 6 in. long, -75 to 1 -75 in. broad;

midrib slender; main-nerves about 20 pairs, very thin and inconspicuous,

at about 60° with the midrib, at first straight then arching upwards

to and along the margin; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, channelled above.

Inflorescence a loose terminal panicle 2 to 3 in. long, with few slender

umbel-like racemes on °3 to ‘d in. long, squarrose peduncles; pedicels

slender, °3 in.; bracteoles small, ovate, deciduous. Calyx-lobes acute,

triangular, ‘05 in. long, minutely ciliate at the edges, dotted with black

glands; tube rather shorter than lobes. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute,

‘15 in. long, glabrous, with Imconspicuous nerves and few scattered

round or oblong glands. Stamens a little shorter than corolla-lobes;

anthers ovate, apiculate, -1 in. long, glabrous on the back or with few

black glands ; filaments ‘05 in. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style filiform,

long exsert, ‘15 in. long. Berry round or slightly pyriform, smooth,

*3in.in diam. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 521; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 110. <Ardisia nerwifolia, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 127 wm part (not of

Wall.), Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. t. 8 (fig. only).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3570; Hullett 830; Stoliczka. PERAK:

Fiidley 9718; Wray 867, 948, 971, 1033; King’s Collector 5692, 8064.

JoHorRE: firdley 3717.—Distris. Andamans, Mergui.

9. ARDISIA TUBERCULATA, Wall. Cat. 2274 (1829). A shrub, reaching

10 feet in height; branchlets smooth, stout, reddish, uppermost flattened,

glabrous. Leaves entire, coriaceous ; elliptic, bluntly acuminate at apex,

attenuate or rounded at the base; glabrous and shining above,

covered beneath with rather deciduous peltate scales, dark when dry ;

3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib prominent ; main-nerves obscure,

about 15 pairs, starting at an angle of about 75° from the midrib, then

arched upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves more slender,

reticulations obscure; petiole °3 to ‘d in. long, thick, rough, winged by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a lax, leafy, terminal ,

tripinnate, 3 to 6 in. long, panicle; rachis flexuous, flattened, often

scaly; primary peduncles squarrose, ‘6 to 1 in. long, supported

by ovate acuminate leafy bracts; secondary peduncles also squarrose,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 127

*3 to ‘5 in. long with subulate bracts; ultimate racemes umbellate,

6-8-flowered ; pedicels slender, short, -1 to -15 in. long; bracteoles

subulate; buds ovoid, obtuse, glabrous. Calyz-lobes ovate, acute or

rounded, °05 in. long; margin ciliate, dotted with black glands. Corolla-

lobes broadly ovate, blunt, glabrous, ‘1 in. long, with very few dots; tube

very short. Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers

acute, but gland-dotted behind; filaments minute, broad. Ovary globose;

style subulate, longer than the petals. Berry obovoid, smooth, -15 to

9im.in diam. A. DC.in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 119, Prod. VIII.

130; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1026; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT.

521, except var.; Mez Monog. Myrs. 112, fig. 16. A chrysophylloides,

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 574.

Penane: Wallich 2274. Mautacca: Derry 394. Panane: Ridley

1071. Jouore: Ridley 6438. Sineapore: Griffith (K.D.) 3564;

Maingay (K.D.) 1014; Ridley 2817, 8916, 1916(4)—Disrris. Bangka

Teysmann.

10. ARDISIA OPHIRENSIS, Mez Monog. Myrs. 113 (1901). A shrub (?) ;

branchlets pale brown, flattened, smooth; innovations minutely

ferruginous-scaly. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, shortly acuminate at

apex, rounded or somewhat acute at base; pale and somewhat shining

on both surfaces, the under covered with minute brown peltate scales ;

glands scattered, numerous; 3 to 6 in. long, 1°75 to 2-25 in. broad ;

midrib thick, prominent; main-nerves prominent, raised on both surfaces,

10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 75° with the midrib, at first

straight then curving upwards to meet some way from the margin in a

prominent network; secondary nerves prominent, reticulations trans-

verse ; petiole 4 to -5 in. long, thick, bordered above by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal, leafy, angular, tripinnate

panicle, about 3 to 4 in. long; rachis flexuous, flattened, scaly; peduncles

squarrose, about 1 in. long, supported by ovate-oblong, reflexed, leafy

bracts; pedicels -3 in. long, slender, in fruit very spreading. Calyx-lobes

ovate, acute, ‘05 in. long, back dotted with prominent large glands.

Corolla-lobes elliptic-ovate, rather oblique, shortly connate, nervose ;

glands few, near the apex, black. Stamens rather shorter than the

corolla-lobes ; anthers ovate, large, not glandular, apiculate ;. filaments

short, slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style long, subulate, exsert.

Berry black when dry, ‘15 in. in diam., with prominent glands. 4d.

tuberculata var. ophirensis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 522.

- Manacca: Hullett 754 ; Ridley 621; Miller 9. On the top of Mount

Ophir.

11. ARDISIA LABISImFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree ;

branchlets thick, slightly flattened, smooth, glabrous below, lepidote-

128 Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula.

scaly above. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and

rather abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous above

when old, when young densely covered, as is the under-surface always,

with rather large reddish-brown peltate scales, margins recurved ; 6 to

8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above ;

main-nerves 24 to 30 pairs, irregularly spaced, at first parallel, leaving

the midrib nearly at right angles, then near the margin curving upwards

to and along the margin and anastomosing with the prominent secondary

nerves which resemble the main ones; reticulations prominent in an

elegant network, all more or less raised above when dry; petiole

-5 to 8 in. long, thick, bordered above by the decurrent margins of the

blade. Inflorescence a pyramidal, rusty-scaly, bracteate, tripinnate

panicle, up to 6 in. long, the branches bearing sub-umbellate, pedun-

culate clusters of small flowers; rachis somewhat flattened, rusty-

scaly; bracts leafy spathulate; bracteoles minute, ovate; pedicels

‘1 to ‘2 in. long, reflexed. Calyz-lobes ovate, -06 in. long, ciliate, scaly

and glandular-dotted ; tube one-third of lobes. Corolla-lobes deep pink,

ovate-acute, ‘14 in. long, with a very few black glands. Stamens nearly

as long as corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, acute, -1 in. long, apiculate ;

filaments rather thick, -3 to -4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Ovary

rounded, glabrous ; style slender, exsert. Berry globose, often depressed

at top, ‘15 to °2 in. in diam., black when dry.

PERAK: Wray 320, 1566; Scortechim. Hilltops at 6,500 to 7,000 feet.

12. ArpisiA mMonTANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub reaching

4 to 6 feet in height; branchlets brown, somewhat angular, uppermost

covered with a nearly furfuraceous glandular tomentum. Leaves

coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at

apex, rounded or attenuate at base; scaly above, densely ferruginous-

hairy and scaly beneath, scales stellate; glandular dots scattered,

obscure; margins slightly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ;

midrib prominent, impressed above; main-nerves 20 pairs, obscure,

irregular, starting nearly at right angles to the midrib and curving

upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves many, reticulations

obscure; petiole ‘5 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins

of the blade, densely scaly and ferruginous-pubescent. Inflorescence a

rather lax, terminal, pyramidal, bi-tri-pinnate, leafy panicle, up to 6 in.

long in fruit, shorter in flower, the branches bearing sub-umbellate

pedunculate clusters of minute flowers; rachis somewhat flattened,

furfuraceous-scaly ; branches squarrose; peduncles ‘5 to ‘7 in. long;

umbel-peduncles ‘d in. long; pedicels ‘2 in. long, often reflexed ; bracts

leafy, deciduous ; bracteoles ovate, very small. Calyx-lobes ovate-acute,

under ‘05 in. long, margins scarious ciliate, dotted with large glands.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 129

Corolla-lobes slightly longer than calyx-lobes, ovate, glabrous, gland-

dotted. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, apiculate ;

filaments extremely short. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style subulate,

rather thick, scarcely exsert. Berry red, globose, ‘15 in. in diam.,

gland-dotted when dry.

Perak: Wray 327, 3869; Scortechina 296; King’s Collector 8029.

Rocks and hilltops at 3,000 to 7,000 feet.

13. ARDISIA SINUATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small tree,

reaching a height of 10 to 15 feet and a diam. of stem of 2 to 3 in.;

branchlets pale brown, sinuate, compressed, with raised lines joining

the sides of the bases of the petioles, minutely scaly-pubescent or nearly

glabrous. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acumi-

nate at apex, rounded or attenuate at base; glabrous above, minutely

scaly beneath when young, afterwards glabrate; glandular dots few,

scattered ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs, 3 to -4 in. apart, starting from the midrib at an angle of 60°

and at once curving upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves

and reticulations faint; petiole -3 to -4 in. long, channelled above by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a lax, terminal, bracteate,

nearly glabrous, bi-tri-pinnate panicle 5 to 7 in. long, the branches.

bearing subumbellate clusters of small flowers; rachis flat, sinuate ;

bracts leafy, uppermost lanceolate recurved, ‘5 to 1 in. long; bracteoles

minute, ovate; pedicels slender, ‘1 in, long. Calyz-lobes triangular-

ovate, glabrous, ciliate, gland-dotted, -04 in. long. Corolla-lobes pale

green or pink, ovate, acute; margins transparent. Stamens nearly as.

long as corolla-lobes; anthers broadly ovate, shortly apiculate; filaments.

very short. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style slender, exsert, ‘1 to ‘15 in.

long. Berry globose, ‘15 in. in diam., obscurely striate and black

when dry.

PERAK: Wray 2408, 3023 ; King’s Collector 4599.

14. ARpISIA coLORATA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 16 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 581,.

and Fl. Ind. Hd. Carey and Wall. II. 271. A large shrub or small tree,

reaching 25 feet in height and a girth of 1 foot; branchlets compressed,

-pale brown, more or less lepidote-scaly, furnished with somewhat

zigzag raised lines proceeding downwards from the sides of the bases

of the petioles. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceo-

late, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on

both surfaces, entire; glandular dots many, irregularly scattered, chiefly

visible on the upper surface; 5 to 10 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib.

prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 20 to 30, also

prominently raised beneath and impressed above, usually -3 to °4 in.

apart, starting at an angle of 70° to 75° with the midrib, at first straight.

130 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

then arched upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves

many, slender, 1 to 2 between each pair of main-nerves, reticulations

oblique; petiole rather thick, ‘5 to ‘8 in. long, channelled above, winged

by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a pyramidal

terminal panicle, 4 to 12 in. long, tripinnate, ferruginous scaly, bearing

clustered umbellate racemes of flowers ; rachis much flattened, as are

its branch peduncles; primary branches 2 to Gin. long, peduncle °‘d in.,

bracts caducous; secondary branches ‘5 to 1 in. long, peduncles -2 to

“4 in., bracteoles small, ovate-acuminate; pedicels slender. -1 to °2 in.

long; umbels many-flowered. Calyx-lobes ovate, bluntly acute, -05 to

-08 in. long, densely gland-dotted, margins scarious and ciliate; tube

rather shorter than lobes. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate-acute, oblique,

unequal, about -15 in. long, not gland-dotted; tube very short. Stamens

a little shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers sagittate, acuminate; filaments

very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style thick, -2 in. long. Berry

globose, ‘2 to ‘25 in. in diam., deep red to black, obscurely ribbed when

dry, shining. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 520; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 113. A. pyramidalis, Roth Nov. Pl. Sp. 123 (not of Cav.). A.

Rothu, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 117, Prod. VIL. 126.

A. anceps, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. l.c. 280, and Cat. 2261; DC. Prod. 1.c.;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. II. 224, and For. Fl. Il. 107;

Scheff. Myrs. 77. A. zolycarpa, Wall. Cat. 2285. A. grandiflora, Wall.

Cat. 2272.

Kepag: Ridley 5509. Perak: Scortechins 20, 203, 397, 1505,

1568; King’s Collector 798, 1301, 3099, 3284, 3567, 6473, 6823, 7741,

8252, 10866; Ridley 5508. Province WeuuesntEy: Fidley 6945.

SELANGOR: Ludley 7559; Goodenough 10551. Matacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1008; Goodenough 1762; Derry 553, 915, 1075; Ridley 1245,

1581, 2817.—Distris. India, Burma, Malay Islands.

Var. polyneura, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 520. Leaves

paler when dry than in the typical form; wide, reaching 4:5 in, in

width, sometimes reaching 15 in. in length; more usually elliptic,

oblong or obovate, more rounded at base; all nerves more prominent.

Pamiecle wide at the base; pedicels much reflexed ; rachis very much

flattened. A. polynewra, Miq. in Pl. Jungh. I. 198, and Fl. Ind. Bat.

IT. 1022; Scheff. Myrs. 81.

Perak: Lidley 3000; Scortechins 1290, 1412; Wray 16438, 1950,

2810; King’s Collector 527, 2152, 2197, 2629, 3648, 3655, 3657, 4119,

4751, 6922, 8640. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3568.—Distris. Java.

Var. complanata, Clarke le. Panicles smaller, rusty-pubescent ;

flowers and berries smaller; panicle, rachis, and branches much

flattened. Leaves usually narrower and smaller, rarely over 7 in. long

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 131

and 2°75 in. broad. A. complanata, Wall. Cat. 2277; Wall. in Roxb. FI.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 210; DC. Prod. VIII. 126; Scheff. Myrs.

78 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1024. A. sangwnolenta, Bl. Bijdr. 685 (not of

Wall.). A. Zollingert, DC. Prod. VIII. 670.

Prenane: Wallich 2277; Curtis 1052, 22494. Prrax: Wray 2896,

3929; Scortechint 144, 112; King’s Collector 7680.—Distris. Chitta-

gong, Java, Sumatra.

Var. salicifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves lanceolate, 5 to 7 in. long,

1 to 1:5 in. broad, glabrous, obscurely gland-dotted ; main-nerves not

prominent. Panicles spreading, leafy ; rachis zigzag, much flattened ;

bracteoles persistent.

Prerak: Wray 2960; King’s Collector 3216, 6816, 8563. Manacca:

Hervey.

Var. elliptica, King & Gamble. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate,

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous; 4°5 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

broad; main-nerves fewer, 15 to 20 pairs, less prominent. Panicles

rather short and stout, 4 to 6 in. long, pyramidal, rachis less flattened,

searcely zigzag.

Perak: Wray 3293; King’s Collector 3326, 3453, 5057, 6473, 6624,

6820, 8856.

15. Arpista crassa, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 518 (1882).

A small tree; branches pale brown, rounded, stout; branchlets somewhat

flattened above and with raised lines from below the base of the petioles.

Leaves coriaceous ; oblong, acute or slightly blunt-acuminate above,

cuneate at base; glabrous and shining above, rufescent and with

inconspicuous rounded scales beneath; entire; 4 to 9 in. long, 1°5 to

_2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath ; main-nerves nearly regular at

first, nearly at right angles to midrib, afterwards arching upwards and

round parallel to the edge, 20 to 27 pairs, secondary obscure. In-

jlorescence a terminal rusty-pubescent panicle, 5 to 6 in. long, with

remote branches ending in closely packed umbels; rachis thick, much

flattened, flexuose; branches first at right angles, then curved, ‘5 to ‘8 in.

long; pedicels very short, thick; bracteoles ovate, blunt, about -1 in.

long. Calyx-lobes thick, ovate-orbicular, :2 in. long, minutely ferruginous-

pubescent, overlapping to right; tube about half the length of the lobes.

Corolla-lobes broadly ovate, unequal, obliquely and shortly acute,

°15 in. long. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, acute;

filaments very short, broad at base. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style

short, about -1 in. long, subulate. Berry globose, depressed, not striate,

*25in. in diam. Mez Monog. Myrs. 114.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1015; Goodenough 1808.—DisTRIR.

Borneo.

132 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

16. ARDISIA PLATYCLADA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree or

shrub reaching 10 to 15 feet in height; branchlets pale brown, pro-

minently marked by zigzag raised lines joining the sides of the bases of

the petioles ; uppermost ones prominently flattened and covered with

rusty furfuraceous scales, as are also the young leaves. Leaves charta-

ceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminate at apex, attenuate

and somewhat rounded at base; both surfaces covered when young with

rusty stellate scales, glabrescent when old ; margins undulate, recurved ;

4 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent

beneath, impressed above ; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, ‘3 to ‘4 in. apart,

rather irregularly parallel, leaving the midrib at an angle of about 65°

and joining at ‘1 to -2 in. from the margin in a very prominent intra-

marginal looped nerve; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ;

petiole none or very short, rarely -2 in. long, rugose, rusty-scaly, and

bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal,

compact, bracteate, rusty-scaly, pyramidal, bi-tri-pinnate panicle, 4 to

d in. long, the flowers in dense subumbellate clusters on the branches ;

rachis flattened, flexuose; bracts foliaceous, spathulate or oblong-

lanceolate, ‘5 to 1°5 in. long; bracteoles small, triangular-subulate ;

pedicels glabrous, cernuous, about ‘1 in. long; buds very small, conical.

Calyxz-lobes pink, lanceolate, ‘04 in. long, ciliate, obscurely red-gland-

dotted; tube as long as or rather shorter than the lobes. Corolla-lobes

waxy-white, ovate-acuminate, ‘07 in. long, slightly gland-dotted; tube

very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate, apiculate ;

filaments very short. Ovary rounded, minutely pubescent at top ; style

straight, "15 in. long, exsert. Berry globose, *15 to ‘2 in. in diam.,

glandular-rugose, dark blue, black when dry.

PERAK: Scortechint 232; King’s Collector 824, 4569, 5863, 8136,

10140 ; usually in dense mixed forest.

A. pterocaulis, Miq.; Mez Monog. Myrs, 111, a tree of the forests of the Sumatran

mountains, much resembles this at first sight, but the leaves are bigger, the flower

panicles much larger and more open, with shorter pedicels, and the nerves of the

leaves do not meet in a prominent looped intramarginal nerve. (Forbes 1992 in Herb.

Calc.)

17. ArpisiaA porosa, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 522 (1882).

A shrub, reaching 8 feet in height; branches flexuose, almost zigzag,

winged by lines decurrent from the bases of the leaf-petioles. Leaves

chartaceous; oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at base or sometimes

rounded-acute ; glabrous, pale beneath ; entire, margin often recurved ;

glands small and obscure; 5 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to 2-5 in. broad; midrib

rather slender, prominent beneath; main-nerves obscure, irregular, about

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 133

20 to 25 pairs; secondary faint, all arching upwards into an irregular

intramarginal ring and reticulate ; petiole 4 in. long, narrowly winged

by the decurrent blade. Injlorescence a loose terminal few-flowered

panicle up to 6 in. long; rachis flexuous; branches racemose, at right

angles to rachis; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long, curving upwards;

pedicels ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, slender, curved upwards; bracteoles minute,

ovate, deciduous; flowers 3-5-, usually 4-merous; buds slender.

Calyz-lobes ovate, ‘04 in. long, obscurely dotted; tube short. Corolla-

lobes ovate-lanceolate, pink, -3 in. long by ‘1 in. broad, recurved in

flower, not dotted but striate. Stamens as long as corolla-lobes ;

anthers very slender, opening by terminal pores as well as longitu-

dinally; filaments very short, thick. Ovary conical, gradually passing

into a slender style -25 in. long. Berry globose, -25 in. in diam., ribbed,

glossy black when ripe. Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 260; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 118.

Perak: Scortechini 116, 1511; King’s Collector 3108. Mauacca :

Griffith (K.D.) 3578; Maingay (K.D.) 1012; Wray 39; Goodenough

1528; Hervey. —

18. ARDISIA DIVERGENS, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 583,

and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275. A small tree, reaching 20 feet

in height; branchlets slender, smooth, rounded. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic or lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded at base,

drying reddish-brown; glabrous on both surfaces; entire, margins

slightly incurved; glandular dots large, prominent, especially near the

margin; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath ;

primary nerves 8 to 12 pairs, irregular, arched and joining in an intra-

marginal prominent nerve with a smaller, less prominent nerve near the

edge ; secondary nerves few, slender, reticulate; petiole -15 to °3 in:

long, winged by the decurrent blade. Inflorescence a loose terminal

rusty-pubescent panicle, 2 to 3 in. long, ultimate branches umbelled,

3-5-flowered; main peduncle ‘5 to 1 in. long, secondary peduncles

about ‘5 in. with lanceolate leafy recurved bracts ; pedicels about ‘4 in.

long, thickened above, glandular; bracteoles ovate, deciduous ; flowers

red, buds short, conical. Calyx-lobes rounded, ‘05 in. in diam., ciliate,

conspicuously dotted with few large, transparent, light brown glands;

tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, 15 to -2 in. long, unequal in

size, and oblique; tube very short, dots very few. Stamens a little

shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers large, ovate-acute; filaments

very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, attenuated into a -1 in. long style.

Berry round, smooth, somewhat depressed, tipped by the persistent

style. Wall. Cat. 2269; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 130; Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. III. 521; Mez Monog. Myrs. 117. A. punctata, Jack ;

134 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275 (not of Lindl.). A. punctulosa,

D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. I. 615; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1025.

Prenane : Jack; Wallich 2269 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1020; Curtis 1769.

19. AnpisIA suMATRANA, Miq. Pl. Jungh. I. 195 (1853), Fl. Ind.

Bat. IT. 1018, and Suppl. 247. A large shrub or small tree, reaching 15 to

20 feet in height and 3 to 4 in. in diam. of stem; branches pale brown,

smooth; branchlets minutely ferruginous-scaly. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic-oblong or -obovate, rather suddenly acute at apex, acute or cuneate

at base; entire, glabrous; glands large, frequent near the margin; 3 to 6

in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent beneath, im-

pressed above; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, irregularly spaced, starting

at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along

the margin ; secondary nerves and innovations indistinct ; petiole -3 to

‘5 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent, often erose, margins of

the blade. Inflorescence a compact, shortly pyramidal, 3 to 4 in. long,

squarrosely bipinnate panicle ; common peduncle none or scarcely ‘5 in.

long; bracts minute, triangular; branch peduncles ‘7 to 1 in. long,

minutely ferruginous-scaly as is the rachis; pedicels -2 to ‘3 in. long,

slender; buds ovoid, conical; flowers waxy-white, pedicels and rachis

pink. Calyzx-lobes orbicular, ‘1 in broad, ciliate, with scarious margins,

much overlapping; glandular dots very few, scattered. Corolla-lobes

shortly connate, ovate, acute, much twisted, 15 in. long ; margins thin,

denticulate; glands few, large and brown. Stamens about two-thirds

the length of the corolla-lobes; anthers ovate-acute, -1 in. long, a few

large black glands on the back. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style subulate,

15 in. long. Berry bright red at first afterwards black, globcse, shining,

‘2 in. in diam., smooth, faintly striate. Scheff. Myrs. 84; Koord. &

Val. Bijdr. V. 268; Mez Monog. Myrs. 121.

Perak: King’s Collector 771, 5639, 10836.—Disrris. Sumatra,

Beccarit 325, 724; Forbes 2083 &c.; Java.

20. ARDISIA LANCEOLATA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 583,

and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 275. A large glabrous shrub or small

tree, reaching 15 to 25 feet in height; branches cylindric, pale, smooth ;

branchlets sometimes fugaciously ferruginous-scaly. Leaves coriaceous;

elliptic-oblong or -obovate, shortly acuminate at apex, long-cuneate

at base; entire or sometimes slightly crenate near the apex; glabrous

on both surfaces; glandular dots large scattered, more numerous near ©

the margins; 6 to 11 in. long, 2 to 3°5 in. broad; midrib prominent

beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs, oblique, starting at

an angle of about 50° with the midrib, and at first more or less parallel,

then arching upwards to join in an irregular intramarginal nerve;

secondary nerves similar but shorter, reticulations scarcely prominent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 135

irregular ; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long, winged by the decurrent blade, the

wings overlapping. Inflorescence a spreading, terminal or sometimes

sub-axillary, panicle, 4 to 6 in. long; rachis flexuose, angular or

flattened ; branches stout, flattened, swollen at base, bearing corymbose

racemes of about 7-8 flowers; pedicels ‘6 to 1 in. long, stout, narrowly

clavate, striate, minutely ferruginous-pubescent; bracteoles small,

obtuse, deciduous. Calyz-lobes orbicular, ‘2 in. in diam., enlarged and

spreading in fruit, glabrous or slightly pubescent; margins scarious

and fimbriate-ciliate, base thickened; glandular dots many, prominent ;

tube short. Corolla ovate acuminate, pink, much twisted in bud, -35 in.

long, of which one-third tube ; lobes unequal in size, oblique, dots not

prominent. Stamens large, shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers ovate

acute, dehiscing longitudinally, back with few large usually oblong

prominent black glands. Ovary globose; style ‘1 to ‘2 in. long,

subulate, twisted. Berry globose, depressed, smooth, :25 to °3 in. in

diam., black when dry. Wall. Cat. 2292; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 126;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1025; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 519;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 122. A. speciosa, Bl. Bijdr. 684; A. DC. Lc. 183;

Mig. in Pl. Jungh. I. 197 and FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1022; Scheff. Myrs. 88 ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 123. <A. purpurea, Reinw.; Bl. Bijdr. 684; A. DC.

lic. 129; Mig. in Pl. Jungh. I. 197 and Fl. Ind. Bat. 1026; Scheff.

Myrs. 88; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 265. A. Hasselizi, Blume; Scheff.

Myrs. 86; Mez Monog. Myrs. 123. A. mucronata, Bl. Bijdr. 685;

A. DC. l.c. 126; Scheff. Myrs. 83; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V.269; Mez

Monog. Myrs. 123. A. Leschenaultii, DC. l.c. 183; Mig. Pl. Jungh. I.

197 and Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1022; Scheff. Myrs. 89. A. plagzonewra,

Scheff. Myrs. 85; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 268.

Penane: Roxburgh; Curtis 2755. Perak: Scortechint 1824;

Wray 192, 1401, 2480, 2863, 3659; King’s Collector 2954, 3200, 4528,

4785, 6586, 6785, 8730, 10049. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3569, 3579 ;

Derry 512, 1117. Jowore: Lake & Kelsall 4033. SINGAPORE:

Major McNair ; Cantley 133; Ridley 6136, 6436.—DistRis. Java,

Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes.

21. ARpisia LITTORALIS, Andr. Repos. X. t. 630 (1811). A glabrous

shrub of succulent character, reaching 8 to 10 feet in height ; branches

thick, rounded; buds lanceolate. Leaves succulent-coriaceous ; obovate

or oblong-obovate, rounded or bluntly acute or almost lanceolate at

apex, cuneate at base; entire; glandular dots many, scattered, incon-

spicuous ; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-

nerves invisible in the fresh plant, obscure when dry, irregular, 13 to

18 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved upwards to

and along the margin; secondary nerves similar, slender, reticulations

136 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

obscure ; petiole ‘3 in. long, thick, winged by the decurrent margins of

the blade, which are often erose or wrinkled. Inflorescence of axillary

umbellate racemes of about 8 flowers each, racemes shorter than the

leaves, about 2 in. long; common peduncle about 1 in. long, usually

recurved ; pedicels ‘3 in. long, enlarged in fruit to ‘6 in. and then

clavate thickened; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, deciduous; flowers rose-

coloured, buds conica ‘4 in. long. Calya-lobes orbicular, ‘1 in. in

diam., ciliate, edges somewhat scarious, elsewhere thickly dotted

with black glands, tube rather longer than lobes. Corolla-lobes ovate

acuminate, oblique, unequal, lineolate and much gland-dotted, -3 in.

long; tube short. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes; anthers

ovate, acute, united in a cone, opening longitudinally and obscurely

septate in the cells; filaments short, on broad bases confluent into a

ring adherent to the corolla-lobes. Ovary sub-globose, ending in a

subulate style -3 in. long. Berry globose, depressed, -2 in. in diam.,

smooth, bright red, turning purplish-black when ripe; black glands

many, small. Kurz For. Fl. II. 110 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. I.

226. A. obovata, Bl. Bijdr. 688; DC. Prod. VIII. 132. <A. humilas,

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 529 (not of Vahl. and in part only) ;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 127, fig. 20, A-E. A. wmbellata, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 16; Fl. Ind. I. 582; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 273; Lodd.

Bot. Cat. t. 531. A. solanacea, Wall. Cat. 22834 (part), 2283p (not

of Roxb.). A. polycephala, Wight Il. Ind. Bot. t. 145 (not of Wall.).

Clumacandra obovata, Miq. Pl. Jungh. I. 199, Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1030;

Scheff. Myrs. 05; Koord & Val. Bijdr. V. 271. C. littoralis, Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. II. 68.

PENANG: Curtis 217; Phillups. Purak: Wray 1866, 2373; Scor-

techim 1053; King’s Collector 4960. Mauacca: Griffith; Matngay

(K.D.) 1010; Hervey. Ketantan: Ridley. Panane: Fiudley 1638.

SineaPorE: Hullett 331, 649; Cantley 153.—Distris. Malay Islands

and eastwards to South China and the Philippines; westwards to

Ceylon (C.P. 1803) and Travancore (Wight 1767).

Climacandra multiflora, Miq., and C. salicifolia, Miq., are probably only varieties of

this species, which seems to be a coast shrub only.

22. Arpisia Kunstueri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small

tree, usually 6 to 10 feet high, rising sometimes to 20 feet, and with a

stem about 2 to 3 in. in diam.; branchlets thick, dark brown, uppermost

and innovations rusty-pubescent; leaf-buds lanceolate. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous; elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex,

cuneate at base; minutely pubescent or scaly on both surfaces, aftey-

wards glabrate; entire or obscurely undulate-crenate on the margins

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 137

which are somewhat reflexed; glandular dots many, prominent in the

areolations of the leaves and along the margins; 8 to 15 in. long, 2°5 to

5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs, irregularly

spaced, starting at an angle of about 65° with the midrib, at first

straight then curving upwards to and along the margin where they

anastomose ; secondary nerves usually one between each pair of main-

nerves, reticulations oblique, all raised on the lower surface when dry ;

petiole 1 to 2°5 in. long, sometimes shorter, thick, channelled above by

the decurrent margins of the blade, which are connivent. Inflorescence

lateral or axillary, a -5 to ‘7 in. long corymbiform minutely pubescent

raceme of about 18 to 22 flowers, on a thick flattened peduncle 2 to 4 in.

long; bracts small, lanceolate, very early caducous; pedicels slender,

clavate, °7 to 1 in. long, curved upwards in flower downwards in fruit;

buds ovoid, 25 in. long. Calyz-lobes orbicular, ‘1 in. long, margins

searious ciliate, covered with many black glandular dots; tube shorter

than lobes, minutely pubescent without. Corolla-lobes dark blue without,

pink within, ovate, acute, -2 in. long, minutely ciliate, prominently dotted,

tube ‘05 in. long. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; filaments very

short; anthers ovate acuminate, the connective studded on the back

with prominent black glands in 2 rows. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style

slender, -15 in. long. Berry globose, blueish-black, -3 in. in diam.,

faintly striate when dry.

Perak: King’s Collector 2207, 2970, 3060, 3264, 4071, 4110, 6486 ;

Fiidley 9530.

This species is distinguished by its large elliptic leaves, comparatively small flowers,

and large fruits, but comes in some respects near to dA. oxyphylla and in others to

A. solanacea, and to A. polycephala, Wall.

23. ARDISIA SOLANACEA, Roxb. Cor. Pl. 27. t. 27 (1795), Hort. Beng.

16, Fl. Ind. I. 580, and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 269. A large

shrub, reaching 6 to 8 feet in height; bark ash-coloured, branches stout,

glabrous, grey, somewhat angular, buds lanceolate. Leaves coriaceous ;

oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous,

entire; glandular dots many scattered in the areolations of the

nerves and especially near the margin; 6 to 10 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in.

broad; midrib slender, somewhat impressed above; main-nerves 12

to 20 pairs, unequally spaced, leaving the midrib at an angle of about

60°, at first straight but soon curving upwards to and along the margin

and then anastomosing ; secondary nerves many, rather prominent as

are the reticulations ; petiole stout, 5 to ‘8 in. long, channelled above by

the decurrent and often connivent margins of the blade. Injlorescence

of pedunculate corymbiform racemes, bearing 10 to 16 flowers, from the

138 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

axils of the upper leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, 2 to 4 in. long;

peduncle 1 to 2‘ in. long, stout, flattened above as is the very short rachis

of the raceme; bracteoles concave, thin, prominently gland-dotted; pedi-

cels ‘7 to 1 in. long, more or less clavate, slender at first, thicker in fruit ;

buds conical, -4 in. long. Calyz-lobes orbicular, ciliate, scarious on the

margins, ‘15 to -2 in. long, prominently black-gland-dotted ; tube nearly

equal to lobes. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, rounded, -3 to 35 in. long,

prominently gland-dotted, minutely ciliate on the margins, otherwise

glabrous ; tube extremely short. Stamens about two-thirds the length of

the corolla-lobes; filaments short, stout, conical; anthers ovate-sagit-

tate, ‘2 in. long, acute, apiculate, the back of the connective studded

with prominent large black glands in a double row. Ovary ovoid,

glabrous; style slender, ‘25 in. long. Berry globose, dark blue or black,

‘*3 In. in diam. Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 1063; Bot. Mag. t. 1677; Wall. Cat.

2283 A-K; Mez Monog. Myrs. 182, fig. 20 F-K; Cooke Bomb. FI. II.

86. A. humilis, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soe. XVII. 118 (not of Vahl);

Wight Ic. t. 1212; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Pl. 137; Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind, III. 529 (am part); Brandis For. Fl. 287; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. XLVI. II. 226, and For. Fl. IJ. 100; Prain Beng. Pl. 645.

A. elliptica, Bedd. FI. Sylv. p. CXX XVIII. (not of Thunb.).

Perak: Wray 1900, 3000; King’s Collector 6011.—Distr1B. India,

Burma.

Var. elata, King & Gamble. A small tree reaching 25 to 35 feet in

height, and 6 to 8 in. in diam. Jeaves thinner, oblong-lanceolate ;

main-nerves less prominent than in the type. Inflorescence with rather

longer stouter peduncles and more numerous flowers. Berry slightly

larger.

PreRAK: Scortechint 679; King’s Collector 4717, 5770.

This variety is scarcely worthy of being classed as such, but, at any rate in the

herbarium, the specimens are easily separable.

24. ARDISIA LURIDA, Blume Bijdr. 687 (1826). A large shrub, reaching

20 feet in height and 3 to 4 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets thick, glabrous,

as are the lanceolate acuminate leaf-buds. Leaves entire, coriaceous ;

lanceolate- or sub-obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, gradually

cuneate at base; glabrous and dark green above, pale and ferruginous-

brown beneath ; glands many, regularly scattered in the areoles of the

net venation; 5 to 10 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib prominent; —

main-nervyes 16 to 20 pairs, slender, irregular, starting at about 60° with

the midrib, parallel at first and then arched up to and along the margin

where they meet; secondary nerves similar, reticulations obscure ;

petiole -4 to ‘7 in. long, winged by the decurrent edges of the blade, the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 139

wings connivent above when dry. Inflorescence a short (2 to 3in. long),

axillary, few-flowered, sub-umbellate, minutely ferruginous-pubescent,

peduncled raceme; peduncles 1 to 1‘5 in. long, flattened; pedicels *4 to

‘6 in. in flower, longer in fruit and then clavate; flowers large, waxy,

pinkish-white ; buds rounded, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-orbi-

cular, emarginate, scarious and ciliate at the edges, puberulous outside,

‘2 in. in diam., glandular dots conspicuous, of various sizes, black

and brown mixed; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, obtuse, oblique,

concave and keeled, -4 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, glandular dots and lineoles

prominent, tube very short. Stamens two-thirds as long as petals;

anthers hastate, mucronate, opening by longitudinal slits, prominently

dotted on the back with large black glands. Ovary rounded, ending in

a short subulate style. Berry globose, apiculate, -4 in. in diam.,

smooth, gland-dotted. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 130; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

1019 ; Scheff. Myrs. 71; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 245; Mez Monog.

Myrs. 130.

Perak: Ridley 7172, 10319.—Distris. Java.

25. ARDISIA OXYPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 2291 (1829). A shrub; branchlets

rounded, smooth ; buds narrowly lanceolate, glabrous. Leaves charta-

ceous ; elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, acutely narrowed

at base, entire; glabrous above, glabrous beneath except for a few

minute scales; glandular dots many, especially near the margin; 3 to

7 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent; main-nerves

about 16 pairs, irregular, usually at about an angle of 60° with the

midrib, more or less parallel at first, then arching nearly to the margin ;

secondary nerves slender, like the main-nerves, reticulations irregular ;

petiole -4 to ‘7 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Inflorescence an axillary, long-peduncled, short, few-flowered (5 to 8)

subumbellate raceme, about 2 to 4 in. long; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long,

angular when dry; pedicels -4 in. long, ‘7 in. in fruit, slender; buds

rounded, °3 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-rotundate, obtuse, ‘1 in. in

diam., ciliate on the scarious edges, prominently dotted with numerous

black and brown glands; tube short. Corolla-lobes broadly ovate,

sub-acute or obtuse, oblique, *25 to ‘3 in. long, prominently dotted

with many black or brown round glands and fewer elongate lineolate

ones. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes, almost quite sessile;

anthers sagittate, long-acute, the connective prominently marked on

the back with large black conspicuous glands. Ovary rounded, ending

in a short -15 in. long style, glabrous. Berry globose, ‘3 in. in diam.,

fleshy, smooth. A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 120, Prod. VIII.

130; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 528 variety excepted ; Stapf

in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2. TV. 204; Mez Monog. Myrs. 131.

140 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Prenane: Wallach 2291; Curtrs 668; Ridley 7093. Prax: King’s

Collector 5624, 5918, 5929, 6185, 8218, 10504. Province WELLESLEY :

Ridley 6953.—Distris. Andamans or Tenasserim, Helfer (K.D.) 3571,

3585; Borneo.

26. AnpiIsiA SCORTECHINII, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching

40 to 50 feet in height and 8 to 12 in. in diam.; branchlets round, dark

brown, lenticellate, leaf-buds acuminate. Leaves entire, coriaceous;

obovate, acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous, margins incurved ;

glandular dots many, obscure; 5 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib

prominent slender; main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, very oblique, at about

30° to the midrib, curved upwards and joining parallel to the margin ;

secondary nerves similar but more slender, reticulations curved,

surrounding the dots; petiole -4 in., rather broadly edged by the

decurrent margins of the blade, which are nearly connivent above ;

stipules leafy, more or less persistent. Inflorescence 2 in. long, of short

axillary peduncled, umbellate racemes 8-12-flowered, in the axils of

short leafy bracts; peduncles thick, about 1 in. long, flattened; pedicels

‘5 in., thickened and longer in fruit ; bracteoles ovate, acute, boat- shaped,

deflexed, persistent; flowers reddish-pink. Calyz-lobes orbicular, obtuse,

‘2, to -25 in. long, emarginate, ciliate, scarious on the edges, with many

parallel veins and many prominent round or oblong mixed black and

brown glandular dots; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, oblique,

‘35 in. long, unequal, with very few dots, some round some lineolate,

tube very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; anthers long

acuminate, villous on the connective on both sides, back marked with

large black glands; filaments short, very thick. Ovary ovoid, sur-

mounted by the conical, subulate, -2 in. long, glabrous style. Berry

globose, smooth, ‘3 in. in diam., bluish black.

Perak: Scortechint; King’s Collector 4662, 4672—on rich soil, in

dense jungle, up to 800 feet.

97. ARDISIA PENDULA, Mez Monog. Myrs. 125 (1901). Apparently a

shrub; branchlets thick, glabrous below, ferruginous-pubescent at the

extremities, leaf-buds lanceolate, ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves charta-

ceous; elliptic lanceolate, long acute at apex, cuneate at base; entire but

sometimes very faintly crenate near the apex; glabrous above, glabrous

or slightly ferruginous-pubescent beneath; glandular dots scattered,

more numerous and prominent near the margins; 4 to 7 in. long, 1°5 to

2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular,

starting from the midrib at about an angle of 60°, then arching upwards

and joining near the margin; secondary nerves slender, minor nerves

reticulate; petiole ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, winged by the decurrent edges of the

blade. Inflorescence of 3 to 5 in. long axillary peduncled ferruginous-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 141

pubescent racemes; peduncles about 2 in., pedicels -4 to °5 in. long,

curved. Calya-lobes ovate, rounded, with many glandular dots, °1 in.

long; tube short. Corolla-lobes ovate-elliptic, rounded, much gland-

dotted. Stamens shorter than the petals; anthers acute, dotted on the

back ; filaments very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Berry globose, black

when dry, *25 in. in diam., much gland-dotted. <A. attenuata, Miq. FI.

Ind. Bat. IT. 1020 and Suppl. I. 575 (mot of Wall.); Scheff. Myrs.

68. A. reclinata, Blume; Scheff. lc.

Manacca: Goodenough 1295.—Distris. Java, Sumatra. A poor

specimen only available.

28. Arpis1a Hunierru, Mez Monog. Myrs. 180(1901). Apparently

a shrub; branchlets light brown, round, smooth; leaf-buds lanceolate,

glabrous, black. Leaves membranous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at

apex, acuminately narrowed at base; entire, glabrous on both surfaces ;

glands light-brown, large, in the areoles of beautifully netted venation ;

4 to 7 in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; impressed above ;

main-nerves many, slender, irregular, 20 to 24 pairs, parallel at first

and then arching upwards and joining in a narrow intramarginal ring ;

secondary nerves many, like the main-nerves, reticulations numerous ;

petiole -4 in. long, slender, only very narrowly winged. Inflorescence

an axillary, short, few- (1-5) flowered, glabrous, umbellate raceme,

peduncle ‘5 to ‘7 in. long; pedicels ‘5 in. long, recurved, more or less

clavate; buds conical, -3 to-4 in.long. Calyzx-lobes scarcely overlapping,

ovate-orbicular, ciliate, -1 to -15 in. long, minutely gland-dotted; tube

short. Corolla-lobes ovate-acuminate, upper edges incurved, oblique,

unequal, many-nerved, sparsely black-gland-dotted; tube very short.

Stamens a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; anthers oblong, mucro-

nate, with 2 lines of prominent black glands on the back; filaments

short, spreading at base. Ovary ovoid, thick, glabrous; style short,

subulate. Berry brown, smooth, globose, *2 in. in diam., seed white-

ringed at base.

Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Hullett 769, 778.

29. ARDISIA OBLONGIFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub; branch-

lets brown, glabrous, with faint decurrent raised lines from either side of ©

the insertion of the leaf-petioles; leaf-buds lanceolate acuminate. Leaves

chartaceous ; oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous, entire;

glandular dots scattered but not prominent except near the margins

which are reflexed ; 7 to 10 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib prominent,

impressed above; main-nerves 22 to 26 pairs, starting at an angle of

nearly 80° from the midrib, at first straight and near the margin curving

upwards to and along it; secondary nerves many, usually at least 1 to 2

between each pair of main-nerves, reticulations in an elegant network ;

142 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

petiole rather slender, ‘8 to 1 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence an axillary corymbose raceme of

about 8 flowers and about °5 in. long on a 1°5 to 2 in. long flattened

peduncle ; pedicels -75 in. long, clavate. Calyx-lobes orbicular, ciliate,

gland-dotted, about -1 in. long; tube as long: rest of flowers unknown.

Berry globose, 2 in. long, glandular-dotted.

PrrRak: at 1,000 feet, Wray 3797.

30. ARDISIA TETRASEPALA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ shrub;

branchlets slender, pale brown, with indistinct raised lines from the

sides of the leaf-petioles, sinuate, slightly scaly above. Leaves char-

taceous ; elliptic or elliptic-ovate, gradually acuminate at apex, rounded

at base; glabrous above, pale brown when dry, very slightly pubescent

on and near the midrib beneath; glandular dots many scattered, promi-

nently raised on the upper surface, margins slightly recurved; 4-5 to

6:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib prominent below; main-nerves

about 16 to 20, irregularly spaced, starting at an angle of 60° from the

midrib, curved upwards, dividing and anastomosing with the secondary

nerves in a marginal network, all raised beneath; petiole -2 to 3 in.

long, channelled above. Inflorescence a pseudo-terminal subumbellate

8-12-flowered scarcely :2 in. long raceme in the axil of the uppermost

leaf; peduncle about -5 in. long, pedicels slender, about ‘d in. long.

Calyz-lobes 4, ovate-orbicular, ciliate, gland-dotted, about -1 in. long,

reflexed in fruit: rest of flower unknown. Berry globose, :25 in. in

diam., black when dry and prominently dotted with oblong glands.

JOHORE: at Jaffaria and Gunong Palai, 1,500 feet, G. King.

We place this species in Trnus instead of in Tryopsis because not only does the

inflorescence seem to be only apparently terminal but its sub-umbellately racemose

character seems to approximate more nearly to that of the former section.

31. ARDISIA BIFLORA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub, 4 to

8 feet high; branches smooth, pale brown; branchlets divaricate,

slender. Leaves chartaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both apex

and base; glabrous; entire or very faintly crenulate; glandular dots

many, black, large, in the areoles of the reticulations; 3 to 5 in. long,

‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, at an

angle of about 55° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the

margin where they meet in a wavy intramarginal nerve; secondary

nerves many, reticulations irregular; petiole slender, -2 to ‘5 in. long,

sometimes longer. Inflorescence'a lateral, 2-flowered, pedunculate umbel,

1-5 in. long; peduncle and pedicels each 75 in. long, slender. Calyx-

lobes ovate, scarious and ciliate on the margins, prominently gland-

dotted, ‘05 in. long; tube as long: rest of flower unknown. Berry

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 143

black, globose, -25 in. in diam., ribbed and prominently gland-

dotted.

PERAK : in dense jungle on limestone hills at 300 to 800 feet, King’s

Collector 4296, 4711; Wray 3348. It is very near A. pawpera, Mez, of

Sumatra, but the long slender peduncle and pedicels distinguish it.

' A specimen collected by Scortechini (without number) has similar leaves, but the

inflorescence is pseudo-terminal and branched, with more than 2 flowers and very short

pedicels.

Ridley’s No. 2670 from Pahang seems to be Ardisia rhyncophylla, Clarke, but the

specimen is imperfect, and we hesitate to describe it as a Malay plant.

32. ARDISIA TAHANICA, King & Gamble,n.sp. A shrub (?); branch-

lets brown, shining, somewhat flattened ; innovations scaly and hirsute,

leaf-buds ferruginous-pubescent, lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous; linear-

lanceolate, acuminate at both ends; glabrous above, scaly beneath and

slightly pubescent along the midrib; margins entire, recurved ; glandu-

lar dots numerous, scattered, conspicuous on the under surface; 4 to

6 in. long, -7 to ‘9 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves obscure,

about 12 pairs, starting at a very oblique angle and curving upwards

to and along the margin; secondary nerves similar, reticulations

obscure ; petiole slender, -4 to 6 in. long. Inflorescence an umbellate

peduncled raceme, 1°5 to 2 in. long, from the axils of some of the upper

leaves ; peduncle slender, ‘7 to 1:2 in. long; flowers about 5-8, pedicels

slender, ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes semi-orbicular, scarious and ciliate on

the margins, rusty-pubescent on the back and with many glandular

dots, ‘05 in. long; tube as long as lobes: rest of flower not seen.

Berry globose, depressed, -2 in. in diam., prominently striate.

Panane: Fidley 2669, in Tahan woods.

Goodenough No. 10552, from Selangor, is also possibly the same species, but the

leaves reach 1°5 in. in breadth and the peduncle and pedicels are stouter.

33. ARDISIA VILLOSA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), FI. Ind. I. 582, and

Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 274. A small shrub, reaching 6 to 8 feet

in height ; branchlets rounded, from nearly glabrous to densely ferru-

ginous-pilose, the hairs moniliform. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lan-

ceolate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

more or less distinctly but shallowly crenate, the crenations broad,

margins recurved; glabrous to minutely rusty-hirsute above, densely

red-villous beneath, especially on the nerves; glandular dots many,

black, prominent; 4 to 8 in. long, :75 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib pro-

minent; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, very irregular, slender, obscure,

arching upwards and ending in the crenature-glands; secondary nerves

similar, meeting the main-nerves, reticulations faint; petiole ‘4 to ‘8 in.

144 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, rusty-villous. Inflorescence a sessile or short-peduncled, more or

less rusty-villous, umbellate raceme at the end of the main branchlets

or at the ends of long-peduncled axillary 2-leaved branchlets; bracts

ovate-lanceolate, -1 to -2 in. long, deciduous ; pedicels -3 to -4 in. long,

secund; buds conical. Calyx-lobes pink, linear-oblong or lingulate,

obtuse or slightly acute, -25 to 3 in. long, 075 in. broad, glabrous ‘to

thickly rusty-villous, apex often recurved, glandular lines and dots

scattered ; tube exceedingly short. Corolla-lobes pale pink, ovate-acute

or -acuminate, -25 to ‘3 in. long, prominently dotted with round or

oblong glands, much twisted in bud; tube short. Stamens shorter

than the petals, :2 in. long; anthers ovate, acuminate, dehiscing by

wide pores in the upper half; filaments very short. Ovary globose,

crowned by a slender ‘2 in. long style, the base of the style and top of

ovary minutely pubescent. Berry globose, °25 in. in diam., bright red,

sparingly pubescent. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 136; Wall. Cat. 2280a ; Mig.

Pl. Jungh. 191, Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1017; Scheff. Myrs. 90; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 227 and For. Fl. II. 113; Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 525 var. excepted; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 2538.

A. vestita, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 274; A. DC.

lew; Mig. le.; Mez Monog. Myrs. 141. A. mollis, Bl. Bijdr. 689.

A. tavoyana, A. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 125.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1011; Ardley 9357; Curtis 1597.

PERAK: Scortechint 638; Wray 151, 862, 2967, 3149; King’s Collector

1819, 3138, 6104, 6448, 7915, 10052. Panane: Sidley 2176.

SeLanecor: Fidley 1558; Curtas. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3588;

Hervey ; Ridley; Cuming 2390. Sinearore: Firdley, 2833, 2816.—

Distrris. Burma, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and eastwards to Tonkin

and Hainan.

Var. glabrata, Kurz l.c. Leaves, at least when full grown, glabrous.

Calyx glabrous or nearly so. Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, IV.

204. A. glabrata, Bl. Bijdr. 692; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 186; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. IT. 1022.

Perak: Ridley 2899; Wray 2801, 3414; King’s Collector 949, 4612,

6188, 6255, 7696; Scortechint 315.— Distris. Java, Sumatra,

Borneo.

Ridley’s 5510 from Kedah seems to be a form of this with smaller leaves and

shorter calyx-lobes, but can hardly be separated as a second variety.

34. ArpisiaA vireNS, Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 575 (1877), and Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 226. A small glabrous shrub; branchlets slender,

pale, somewhat compressed and twisted. Leaves membranous, oblong

or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; faintly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 145

cerisped-crenulate with large glands in the crenulations ; pale and glab-

rous on both surfaces; glandular dots scattered, in the areoles of

the reticulations ; 4 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib promi-

nent, somewhat impressed above; main-nerves about 12 to 14 pairs,

irregular and irregularly spaced, usually starting at an angle of about

60° with the midrib, at first straight, branching and joining in an

intramarginal nerve close to the margin and passing through the

crenature glands; secondary nerves many, slender, reticulations many,

curved; petiole -4 to -6 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins

of the blade. Injlorescence an almost sessile terminal corymb, com-

posed of long-peduncled sub-umbellate racemes ; peduncles 1 to 1°5 in. ;

pedicels ‘5 to ‘8 in. long ; buds conical -25in. long. Calyzx-lobes oblong,

obtuse, thin, ‘075 in. long, conspicuously dark-brown-gland-dotted; tube

short. Corolla-lobes ovate, bluntly acuminate, oblique, unequal, con-

spicuously marked by few dark brown lines and dots, ‘3 in. long; tube

very short. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes, -2 in. long, obtusely

hastate; anthers opening by broad longitudinal slits, conspicuously

black-gland-dotted on back; filaments short. Ovary rounded, style

slender, -2 in. long. Berry globose, pale, somewhat depressed, “3 to

‘4 in. in diam., conspicuously marked with round or oblong purple

dots, somewhat fleshy. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 524; Stapf

in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, ITV. 203 ; Mez Monog. Myrs. 147.

Perak: Wray 1444 at 2,000 feet.—Distris. Assam, Cachar,

Manipur, Yunnan, Borneo.

35. Arpisia Wray, King & Gamble, n. sp. A single-stemmed

treelet or shrub reaching 5 feet in height, but usually smaller; upper

part of stem :25 in. thick, brown, with spongy bark and scurfy scales ;

leaf-buds glabrous, lanceolate-acuminate. Leaves membranous; oblong-

lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, long cuneate at base; margins re-

curved; somewhat scaly on both surfaces, scurfy along the midrib

beneath; glandular dots prominent scattered; broadly crenate, the crena-

tures shallow with large glands ; deep green above, red or purple beneath ;

6 to 10 in. long, 1°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves

- 12 to 20 pairs, irregular in angle and distance, curving upwards to and

along the margin where they or their branches end in the glands of the

crenatures ; secondary nerves few, reticulations many scarcely pro-

minent ; petiole ‘7 to 1-3 in. long, somewhat flattened, bordered by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of glabrous sub-umbellate

racemes from the axils of the uppermost leaves, usually crowded so as

to present almost the appearance of a terminal cluster; peduncles

usually -5 in. long, occasionally shorter but often longer, even up to

2 in., flattened ; racemes very short, much marked by the scars of very

146 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

caducous bracteoles ; flowers 8 to 12; pedicels slender below, flattened

above, twisted and curved, ‘3 to 4 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes

ovate, acute, ‘1 in. long, prominently black-gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes

waxy, reddish or purple, ovate, -15 to -2 in. long, sparsely gland-dotted.

Stamens nearly as long as corolla-lobes ; filaments very short, thick ;

anthers ovate, acute, connective much gland-dotted on back. Ovary

rounded ; style short, slender, glabrous. Berry globose, red, rugose,

‘3 in. in diam., prominently gland-dotted when dry.

Perak: Wray 438, 2795, 3280, 4051; Scortechim 418; King’s

Collector 1888, 3631, 6938, 7514, in dense jungle on rich soil, both in

low-level localities and up to 4,000 feet in the mountains ; one specimen,

rather more slender, thinner and more glabrous, from the top of rocks.

(K.C. 7514).

K.C. No. 6938 from mountains at 3,000 to 4,000 feet, has the main-nerves nearly at

right angles to the midrib, while other specimens have it at 60° or even 45°; these are,

however, intermediate, and all that can be said is that the character is a variable one.

The species seems to resemble the A. macrocarpa, Wall., of Northern India, in its havit

of growth.

36. ARDISIA MINOR, King & Gamble, n. sp. Apparently a short

(12 to 18 in. high) treelet or undershrub ; lower part of stem with side

rootlets ; stem ‘2 to :25 in. thick, rusty-pubescent, dark brown. Leaves.

coriaceous ; elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or

cuneate at base often unequally; margins recurved, very shallowly

crenate, the crenatures with large prominent glands; glabrous on both

surfaces but somewhat scaly ; 5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib

slender; main-nerves about 15 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50°

with the midrib, and thence straight to the margin where they or their

branches end in the crenature glands; secondary nerves similar to the

main-nerves, reticulations oblique, all raised beneath when dry; petiole

thick, rugose, rusty-pubescent, ‘7 to 1 in. long, winged by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence of very short, rusty-pubescent,

umbellate racemes of about 5 to 6 flowers from the axils of the upper-

most leaves; peduncle scarcely ‘2 in. long, thick ; racemes about °2 in.

long; bracteoles many, ovate or oblong, recurved; pedicels thick,

‘3 to ‘4 in. long, flattened, recurved. Calyx-lobes ovate acute, -1 to

‘15 in. broad, glabrous, prominently gland-dotted, nearly free. Corolla-

lobes ovate acute, ‘2 in. long, glabrous, dotted prominently with large

black glands. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes; filaments very

short, thick; anthers oblong acuminate, the connective gland-dotted

at the back, ‘1 in. long. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style ‘1 in. long,

subulate. Berry not known.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 147

PERAK: Scortechini.

Very near A. Wrayi, but differs especially in the coriaceous leaves and the shorter

and much thicker pedicels.

37. ARDISIA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small bush;

branchlets pale brown, smooth, wrinkled when dry ; innovations densely

rusty-glandular-pubescent. Leaves membranous; elliptic-lanceolate,

long acute both at apex and base; nearly glabrous on both surfaces

but with small peltate scales, young leaves rusty-glandular-pubescent ;

margin slightly recurved, shortly and shallowly crenate or nearly den-

tate except on the lower third and at the apex, glands in the crenatures

present, obscure; glandular dots absent or very sparse ; 2°5 to 4 in. long,

‘70 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves about 16 pairs, rather

irregular in angle and distance, meeting near the margin in an irregularly

looped intramarginal nerve, reticulations many, transverse, all raised

on lower surface; petiole slender, -2 to ‘4 in. long, bordered by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Inflorescence of small, 2-3-flowered,

rusty-glandular, pubescent, pedunculate umbels from the axils of upper

leaves or of reduced bract-like leaves; peduncles ‘3 in. long; pedicels

‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracteoles ovate, minute; buds ovoid, pale pink.

Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acute, minutely pubescent and gland-

dotted, -05 in. long. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute, -1 to -15 in. long,

glabrous, sparsely black-gland-dotted. Stamens a little shorter than

corolla-lobes ; filaments almost none; anthers ovate, acute, ‘1 in. long.

Ovary rounded, glabrous; style subulate, (075 in. long. Berry not.

known.

PERAK: at 300 feet in Upper Perak, Wray 3462.

38. Arpis1a Meztana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A herbaceous under-

shrub, 1 to 2 feet in height, stem 2 in. in diam. ; bark soft, pale brown,

upper parts and innovations rusty-glandular pubescent. Leaves charta-

ceous ; elliptic-obovate, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate

at base ; glabrous above, sparsely glandular-pubescent beneath ; margins

rather narrowly crenate-dentate except in the lower third to half

-and at the acumination, recurved, glands in the crenatures obscure ;

glandular dots many, scattered, inconspicuous; 3°5 to 5:5 in. long,

1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, at an

angle of about 60° with the midrib, at first straight afterwards curved

upwards to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, reticu-

lations oblique, all more or less raised on both surfaces when dry;

petiole °3 to ‘5 in. long, somewhat thickened below, densely rusty-

glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence of very short, sessile, rusty-glandular-

pubescent racemes of about 6 flowers each, in the axils of the leaves all

148 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

down the stem, the racemes ‘1 to 15 in. long; bracteoles ovate, scarious,

conspicuously black-gland-dotted and ciliate; pedicels short, ‘1 to-15 in.

long, stout; buds ovoid; flowers waxy-white. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate,

acute, ciliate, hyaline, with conspicuous black dots, -05 in. long; tube

as long as lobes. Corolla-lobes, ovate, blunt, -1 in. long, conspicuously

black-gland-dotted ; tube very short. Stamens nearly as long as corolla-

lobes; filaments short, thick; anthers ovate-lanceolate, long apiculate,

the connective studded on the back with large black glands. Ovary

rounded, style filiform as long as corolla. erry not seen.

PERAK: on limestone rocks in open jungle at 500 to 800 feet, King’s

Collector 5838. )

We have dedicated this well-marked species to C. Mez, whose Monograph of

Myrstne& has done so much for the elucidation of the Natural Order, and whose

study of Ardisia in particular has been of so much help to us.

39. Arpisia RipLevt1, King & Gamble, n.sp.’ A slender shrub or treelet,

reaching 10 to 15 feet in height and about 1 in. in diam.; branchlets dark

brown, slender, minutely ferruginous-pubescent ; leaf-buds lanceolate,

densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves membranous; oblong-lanceo-

late, long acuminate at apex, acuminate or somewhat rounded at base ;

prominently crenate, the crenatures usually regular, margin slightly

recurved ; glabrous on both surfaces; glandular dots few, scattered ;

4 to 8 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves

about 12 pairs, at irregular angles and spaces, ending in the crenatures

of the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole

‘2 to ‘7 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Inflorescence a 3-6-flowered, sessile, umbellate raceme in the axil of the

uppermost leaf of the branchlets; raceme about -2 in. long; pedicels

slender, ‘7 to 1-4 in. long, minutely rusty-pubescent; buds ovoid, acute.

‘Calyxz-lobes 5, broadly triangular, acute, ‘075 in. long, sparsely black-

gland-dotted, rusty-pubescent. Corolla-lobes broadly ovate, acute,

“15 in. long, glabrous, densely and closely black-gland-dotted. Stamens

a little shorter than the corolla-lobes; filaments very short, thick ;

anthers oblong, hastate, mucronate, ‘1 in. long. Ovary rounded,

glabrous, style slender, ‘05 in. long. Berry dark red, ovoid, apiculate,

sparsely striate and gland-dotted, ‘25 to °3 in. in. diam.

PERAK: in dense forest at 2,500 to 4,500 feet, Wray 209; King’s .

Collector 5019. Snuancor: Ridley 8534. ‘Sincarore: Fidley 6434.

Very like A. crenata var. angusta but has broader and thinner leaves, differently

nerved.

40. ARDISIA CRENATA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 85 (1814), Fl. Ind. I. 583,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 149

and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 276. An evergreen small glabrous

shrub; branchlets thick, somewhat fleshy, striate with faint lines

decurrent from the bases of the leaves; leaf-buds small, conical.

Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or

sub-obtuse at apex, acuminately narrowed at base; margins cris-

pately crenate with glands in the crenatures, recurved; glabrous on

both surfaces; glandular dots scattered in the areoles of minor

nerves, sometimes prominent, often obscure; 2 to 4 in. long, 75

to 15 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs,

irregular, slender, arching upwards and joining in an intramarginal

nerve close to the margin which passes through the crenature glands;

secondary nerves similar but fainter, reticulations curved; petiole

‘2 in. long, narrowly winged by the crisped edges of the decurrent blade.

Inflorescence of short, sessile or shortly peduncled, panicled racemes,

springing from the branchlets just below the terminal pair of leaves ;

pedicels -2 to -4 in. long, slender, longer and thicker in fruit, generally

recurved ; buds conical, -15 to -2 in. long; flowers 4- or 5-merous, waxy

pink or white. Calyx-lobes ovate, :05 to -1 in. long, scarious at the

edges, dotted with black glands in the middle; tube very short. Corolla-

lobes rose-pink, ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminate, ‘2 in. long, oblique,

unequal, sparsely dotted with round or elongated glands, sometimes

papillose at the base within. Stamens shorter than corolla-lobes ;

anthers ovate-oblong, acute, with few glands on the back; filaments

very short. Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a twisted subulate slender

style -15 in. long. Berry globose, :25 in. in diam., scarlet, succulent,

obscurely striate, crowned by the persistent style. Wall. Cat. 2262 ;

Bot. Mag. t. 1950; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 524; Koord. &

Val. Bijdr. VI. 190. A. glandulosa, Bl. Bijdr. 690 (not of Roxb.). A.

crenulata, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 2 (not of Vent.). A. crispa, A. DC. in

Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 124 and Prod. VIII. 134; Scheff. Myrs. 72;

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1020; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i.

226 and For. Fl. II. 113; Mez Monog. Myrs. 144, fig. 22. A. densa and

A. polystucta, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 575, 576. Bladhia crispa,

Thunb. Fl. Jap. 97; Kaempf. Ic. Pl. Jap. t. 7.

Kepan: Ridley 5517. Prnane: Wallich 2262; Maingay (K.D.)

1009 ; Phillips ; Curtis 337; Deschamps ; G. King ; J. Scott. Matacca :

Griffith (K.D.) 3583/1; Cuming 2254; Hullett 637; Derry 944. Prax:

Scortechin; Wray, 1257; King’s Collector 1337, 4180, 4903, 7847

8706, 10566. Srnancor: Ridley 10553. Panana: Ridley 24; Havi-

land. JonorE: Fox 11285.—Distris. Assam, Burma, Sumatra, Java,

Borneo, and eastwards to South China and Japan. Ridley (Trans.

Linn. Soe. III. (1893) 317) says the berries are ‘‘ sweet and eatable.”

150 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Var. angusta, Clarke, l.c. Leaves narrowly lanceolate; flowers in

a simple umbellate raceme, pedicels divaricate, buds obtuse.

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3584.

41. ArpisIA RosEA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub reaching

4 to 6 feet in height; branchlets divaricate, purplish-brown when dry,

glabrous; buds lanceolate. Leaves membranous; elliptic, cuspidately

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; broadly crenate with shallow

crenatures and prominent glands, the margin recurved; glabrous on

both surfaces; glandular dots extremely numerous, prominent on the

under surface which is paler than the upper when dry; 2 to 4 in.

long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad ; midrib slender ; main-nerves obscure, 8 to 12.

pairs, irregular, branching and usually ending in the crenature-glands ;

secondary nerves and reticulations indistinct; petiole red, slender,

‘25 to 5 in. long, bordered by the decurrent crisped margins of the

blade. Inflorescence a corymbiform terminal or pseudo-terminal panicle

of umbellate racemes, the branches divaricate, minutely rusty-pube-

scent ; common peduncle, above the last leaf, short, about -05 in. ;

branch peduncles slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘2 to °4 in.

long, up to ‘5 in. long in fruit, flattened in flower; flowers in each

umbel about 12, usually recurved; buds ovoid, acute. Calyx-lobes 5,

triangular-ovate, -05 in. long, glabrous, not glandular; tube as long

as lobes, lobes reflexed in fruit. Corolla-lobes waxy-white tinged

with pink, or pink only, ovate-acuminate, -2 in. long, much twisted to

the left, not glandular. Stamens nearly as long as _ corolla-lobes ;

filaments slender, ‘05 in. long; anthers ovate, blunt, -1 in. long, with

very few glands. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style filiform, 15 in. long.

Berry black, globose, -25 in. in diam., smooth, tipped with the long

slender persistent style.

Perak: Wray 32, 402; Scortechim 295, 664; Ridley 5511,

9720; King’s Collector 3247, 6247, 8057; in dense forests in the

mountains from 3,000 feet elevation to the top of Gunong Batu at.

6,700 feet.

42. ARDISIA LONGEPEDUNCULATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub;

branchlets slender, rusty-pubescent, divaricate. Leaves membranous ;

oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; crenulate

with shallow glandular crenatures, margin recurved; glabrous on both

surfaces, pale beneath when dry; glandular dots many, scattered, pro-

minent on the under surface when dry; 4 to 6 in. long, 1:25 in. broad ;

midrib slender; main-nerves 12 to 16 pairs, curved upwards to and

along the margin usually to end in the crenature-glands; secondary

nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole slender, ‘5 in. long, bordered

by the decurrent crisped margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 151

pyramidal panicle of long-peduncled racemes, 5 to 6 in. long and

6 to 9 in. broad, branches and rachis all rusty-pubescent; common

peduncle about 1 in. long; branch peduncles 2 to 3 in. long, at right

angles to the rachis and curved upwards ; racemes about ‘5 in. long,

about 8-flowered; pedicels slender, somewhat clavate, twisted, 5 to 1 in.

long; bracteoles subulate, caducous; buds ovoid, acuminate. Calyx-

lobes triangular, blunt, :05 in. long, rusty-pubescent; tube as long.

Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, long acuminate, ‘25 in. long, rusty-pubescent

within, not gland-dotted; tube very short. Stamens much shorter

than corolla-lobes ; anthers oblong, acute ; filaments very short. Ovary

rounded, style subulate, -25 in. long. Berry purplish-black, globose,

*2 in. in diam.

PERAK: at low levels, Wray 296.

43. Arpis1A Matneayi, King & Gamble. A “bush or small tree”

(Wray), ‘slender tree’”’ (Scortechini); branchlets smooth, bark brown,

pith rather small; innovations glandular- pubescent. Leaves mem-

branous; sub-opposite or falsely whorled ; elliptic-obovate or obovate-

lanceolate, attenuately or abruptly acuminate at apex, attenuately cuneate

at base; glabrous on both surfaces except for a few scattered glan-

dular hairs, pale beneath ; margin finely toothed except on the lower

third, the teeth caudate and glandular; 6 to*11 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in.

broad; midrib slender above, thickened below; main-nerves 15 to 20

pairs, irregular in angle and distance, but usually at about 50° with the

midrib, straight for about half-way and then curved to and along the

margin; secondary nerves and reticulations very faint; petiole none

or very short, the base of the leaf almost half stem-clasping.

Inflorescence of slender, 6 to 8 in. long, sparsely glandular-pubescent,

panicles of long peduncled sub-umbellate racemes, from the axils of

upper leaves, of abortive leaves, or of the scars of fallen leaves

below them; common peduncle slender, 2 to 3 in. long; branch

peduncles very slender, divaricate, ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, supported by

linear subulate -2 to -3 in. long bracts; racemes °3 to ‘5 in. long,

8-12-flowered; bracteoles small, subulate; pedicels slender, flattened

above; buds ovoid acute. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, ‘05 to -1 in.

long, recurved in fruit, minutely pubescent, ciliate on the margins.

Corolla-lobes white, ovate, acute or acuminate, ‘15 in. long, glabrous,

gland-dotted. Stamens much shorter than corolla-lobes; filaments

short, dilated at base; anthers oblong, bluntly mucronate, ‘1 in.

long. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style slender, ‘05 in. long. Jerry

red, -3 in. in diam., longitudinally ribbed when dry. A. odonto-

phylla, Wall., var. Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 526.

Perak: Wray 304, 953, 1597; Scortechini 335, 339; Curtis.

152 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1016, in the mountains about 4,500 feet and

below.

Although Wray and Scortechini describe this more or less as a, ‘‘ tree,”” Maingay’s

specimen is that of a semi-herbaceous undershrub about 24 in. high, sending out roots

from above the ground-level.

44, ARDISIA THEHFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub

reaching 3 feet in height; branchlets brown, smooth, the uppermost

parts and innovations rusty-glandular-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, long acuminate at apex, acuminate at base; alternate or sub-

opposite or falsely whorled; minutely glandular-pubescent on both

surfaces, scaly beneath; margins recurved, finely toothed except on

the lower third and on the acumination, the teeth erect, glandular ; glan-

dular dots very numerous and prominent on both surfaces; 2 to 3 in. long,

-7 to 1:2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, close,

curved upwards to near the margin, reticulations obscure; petiole

‘4 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Injlor-

escence a 1°5 to 2°5 in. long panicle with short racemose branches in the

axil of a leaf or of a subulate :2 in. long linear abortive leaf between the

leaves on the upper part of the branches ; branches ‘5 in. long, slender,

divaricate ; bracteoles minute, linear; flowers 2 to 5 in each raceme,

buds ovoid. Calyxz-lobes 5, rounded, ‘05 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-lobes

5, white, ovate, acute or obtuse, ‘15 in. long, gland-dotted. Stamens as

long as corolla-lobes; filaments very short; anthers broadly oblong,

mucronate. Ovary rounded, gradually produced in an erect or curved

style, -1 in. long. Berry pyriform or nearly globose, ‘2 in. in diam.,

smooth, slightly ribbed when dry.

Perak: on Ulu Batang Padang at 4,900 feet, Wray 1513;

Scortechim.

45. ARDISIA ODONTOPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 2279 (1829) (not of Lindl.) ;

A. DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 125, t. VI., Prod. VIII. 1385; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 525; Mez Monog. Myrs. 150. A. pavonina,

Herb. Hamilt. fide DC.in Prod. 1.c.—Distris. India(Assam and Cachar).

Var. Lobbw, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 526. An almost

herbaceous undershrub reaching to about 2 feet in height, the stems

rooting from nodes near the base; bark fleshy, pale brown; pith large ;

upper part of stem densely fulvous-villous; leaf-buds small, short.

Leaves membranous, sub-opposite; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or

obovate-lanceolate, acute at apex, cuneate at base and sometimes

slightly rounded ; the margins sharply serrate except for a short dis-

tance near the base; glabrous above except on the hirsute midrib, rusty-

tomentose beneath, the midrib and main-nerves usually ferruginous-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 153

villous on the lower surface; glands scattered, not prominent; 4 to

8 in. long, 1:5 to 3-5 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent; main-nerves

8 to 12 pairs, prominent, irregular in distance and angle, curving

upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves few, reticulations

transverse ; petiole variable, stout, -4 to 1 in. long, ferruginous-villous,

rarely glabrescent. Inflorescence of short (under 1 in. long) lax, few-

flowered, pubescent, simple or compound, umbellate racemes, from the

axils of leaves below the summit or of a linear subulate abortive leaf

about -5 in. long; peduncles slender, -5 to 2 in. long; pedicels slender,

‘3 to ‘7 in. long, recurved; bracteoles short, subulate; buds ovoid.

Calyz-lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate, -1 in. long, slightly pubescent, marked

with faint brown strize; tube short. Corolla-lobes pink, ovate, obtuse

or bluntly acuminate, -15 to -2 in. long, unequal, marked with many

light brown linear and round glands; tube short. Stamens half the

length of the petals; anthers broad, oblong, ‘1 in. thick, emarginate ;

filaments very stout. Ovary ovoid, gradually narrowed into a slender

subulate style ‘1 in. long, the top of the ovary and base of the style

short pubescent. Berry globose, scarlet, fleshy, -25 in. in diam.,

smooth.

PERAK: Wray 2285, 2975; King’s Collector 2583, 2978, 3053, 7367.

Senaneor: Ridley 7560. Pauana: Adley 2270, 5825. Sincapore:

Lobb 316, an undershrub of dense forests in wet localities.

Ridley’s Pahang specimens have smaller leayes and longer calyx-lobes, with fewer-

flowered inflorescences, the whole plant more thickly fulvous-villous, but do not seem

capable of separation.

46. ARDISIA BAMBUSETORUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small semi-

herbaceous shrub 1 to 2 feet high; stem pale brown about -25 in. in

diam., bark spongy, pith large. Leaves membranous ; oblong or oblong-

lanceolate or obovate-oblong, acute at apex, narrowly attenuate at base

and slightly rounded; glabrous on both surfaces, slightly scaly only

beneath ; glands few, scattered, chiefly near the margin; margins very

briefly and irregularly toothed, usually recurved; 4 to 6 in. long,

1 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, starting

at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, curved upwards, and often

branching, to and along the margin, where they anastomose in a rough

intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves few, reticulations oblique;

petiole -4 to ‘6 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of lateral

pedunculate racemes 1 to 1:5 in. long supported by a linear abortive

leaf -5 in. long; peduncle ‘7 to -8 in. long, raceme the same;

bracteoles small subulate about -1 in. long; pedicels slender,

clavate, -4 to 5 in. long recurved; buds ovoid; flowers white.

154 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Calyz-lobes 5, linear-oblong, acute, reflexed, ‘05 to -07 in. long, not

gland-dotted. Corolla-lobes ovate-oblong, -15 in. long, dotted with

elongated brown glands. Stamens shorter than the corolla-lobes;

filaments short; anthers oblong, obtuse, emarginate, -1 in. long. Ovary

rounded, glabrous; style slender, curved, ‘lin. long. Fruit not seen.

PERAK: In dense bamboo forest, King’s Collector 10095.

This is scarcely more than a var. of A. odontophylla, but is recognised by the

somewhat different leaves, white flowers, glabrous ovary and style, and the absence of

fulvous tomentum.

6. ANTISTROPHE, A. DC.

Slender shrubs, with puberulous branchlets. Leaves alternate,

entire or dentate, lanceolate, acuminate, glandular, petiole margined.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in sub-sessile axillary umbels or solitary,

pedicels slender, bracts small. Calyx small, 5-lobed, persistent; lobes

acute, imbricate. Corolla deeply 5-cleft ; lobes lanceolate acuminate,

overlapping to the left in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on the throat of the

corolla; filaments short; anthers free, hastate-lanceolate, the connective

produced upwards in a membranous tip, cells dehiscing longitudinally

and introrsely. Ovary ovoid, attenuated in a filiform style, stigma

punctiform; ovules many on a globose central placenta. Fru a

globose berry, pericarp coriaceous, endocarp chartaceous. Seed 1,

albumen ruminated ; embryo cylindric, transverse.—Distrip. Species

4, Indian and Malayan.

Inflorescence 1-2-flowered, glabrous; leaves caudate acuminate .. 1. A. caudata.

Inflorescence 4—6-flowered, hirsute; leaves short acuminate .. -. 2. A. Curtisii.

1. ANTISTROPHE CAUDATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or

small tree; branches smooth, divaricate, nearly glabrous; branchlets

puberulous, with faint raised lines from the bases of the leaf-petioles ;

innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves membranous; elliptic-lanceolate,

caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or somewhat rounded at base;

entire or undulate on the margins; glabrous on the upper, minutely

puberulous or glabrous and with pale peltate scales on the lower, surface ;

glandular dots very many, scattered, prominent; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to

2 in. broad; midrib slender, conspicuous below; main-nerves 8 to 12

pairs, prominent beneath, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,

arching upwards, forking and obscurely anastomosing near the margin,

the lowest pair of nerves more oblique than the rest; secondary nerves

short, slender, reticulations indistinct; petiole -1 to ‘2 in. long, edged

by the decurrent margins of the blade which are almost connivent

above. Inflorescence of short, axillary, usually only 1-2-flowered sub-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 155

sessile umbels, with very minute bracts; pedicels slender, clavate,

‘4 in. long; buds conical, long acuminate, °3 in. long, glabrous. Calyx-

lobes ovate, acute, 05 in. long, ciliate on the edges, gland-dotted in two

central lines. Corolla-lobes ovate, long-caudate-acuminate, ‘3 in. long,

glabrous, dotted with few elongate glands. Stamens inserted at the

base of the corolla-lobes and nearly as long as them (-25 in.); anthers

sagittate-lanceolate with prominent rows of glands on the back, con-

nective produced upwards in a membranous tip. Ovary ovoid, glabrous;

style subulate, -25 in. long, very slender. erry globose, -25 in. in

diam., smooth, obscurely vertically striate.

Perak: at Gunong Batu Pateh, 3,400 feet, Wray 456, 978, 3242;

Curtis 3324.

This species at first sight resembles A. oxyantha, A. DC., of North-East India, but

has smaller and differently-veined leaves, with different glands and smaller flowers.

2. ANTISTROPHE CuRTISII, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub (?);

branchlets round, rusty-glandular-hirsute, zigzag, with faint raised lines

from the bases of the petioles of the leaves ; innovations densely rusty-

glandular-hirsute. Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acu-

minate at apex, rounded at base, entire; nearly glabrous above except

on the midrib, sparsely rusty-hirsute beneath; 3:5 to 5 in. long, 1°5

to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath; main-nerves about

10 pairs, at about an angle of 50° with the midrib, curved upwards,

forked and broadly anastomosing near the margin, lowest pair not

more oblique than the others; secondary nerves and reticulations

obscure ; petiole -2 in. long, crispedly channelled above. Injlorescence

of densely rusty-hirsute, sub-sessile, axillary, 4—6-flowered, umbellate

racemes, ‘1 to ‘15 in.. long; bracteoles subulate, ‘05 in. long; pedicels

slender, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long; buds caudate-acuminate, -3 in. long. Calyx-

lobes linear subulate, -1 in. long, densely rusty-hirsute. Corolla-lobes

ovate at base, long caudate-acuminate, -3 in. long, scarcely dotted,

3—d-nerved, sparsely hirsute without. Stamens rather shorter than the

corolla-lobes, connivent in a cone; anthers sessile, lanceolate sagittate,

the back with 2 rows of prominent round or elongate glands, the

connective produced in a blunt membranous tip. Ovary ovoid, style

slender, as long as anthers. Berry not seen.

PeERAK: in Kuran Valley, below the gap, 4,000 feet, Curis 3390.

7. AlGICERAS, Gaertn.

Sea-coast shrubs, or small trees; branches cylindric, glabrous.

Leaves scattered, petioled, entire, glabrous, alternate. Flowers large

156 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(for the Order) white, pedicellate, without bracteoles, in terminal or

axillary umbels or panicles, pedicels slender. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes

obtuse, coriaceous, twisted to the left, overlapping to the right; tube

none. Corolla with short tube; lobes 5, acute, overlapping to the right

in bud, afterwards recurved. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-tube ;

filaments elongate, connate into a tube below; anthers with transversely

septate cells, cordate-lanceolate, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally.

Ovary fusiform, narrowed into an elongated style; stigma acute;

ovules many, immersed in a central globose placenta. Fruit cylindric,

curved, acute, coriaceous, l-seeded; pericarp coriaceous, afterwards

splitting, testa membranous. Seed elongate, exalbuminous; radicle

inferior, enlarged at the base, joined with the cotyledons into a cylindric

tube; germination often taking place while still on the plant, as in

some Rhizophoree.—Distris. Two species, of the sea-coasts of

India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Islands, to South China and

tropical Australia.

Aiaiceras magus, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 216, t. 46, fig. 1 (1788). A

shrub or small tree reaching 15 to 20 feet in height, evergreen, all

parts glabrous; branches greyish-black, smooth; branchlets reddish.

Leaves coriaceous; obovate, rounded obtuse or emarginate at apex

sometimes even obcordate, cuneate at base, margins recurved; glan-

dular dots many, inconspicuous; 1:5 to 3°5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in.

broad; midrib slender, raised above or sometimes depressed; main-

nerves about 10 pairs, slender, raised above, straight at first then

curving upwards; secondary nerves slender, few, reticulations not

prominent; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long, thick, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal, axillary or leaf-opposed

many- (15 to 20) flowered umbel, sessile or very short peduncled;

bracts oblong-lanceolate, deciduous; pedicels slender, °3 to 5 in. long;

buds conical. Calyx-lobes concave, gibbous at the base, broadest at

top, ‘25 in. long, 15 in. broad, with parallel veins and scattered black

dots in the lower part. Corolla-lobes ovate, acuminate, glabrous,

parallel-veined, -25 in. long, recurved; tube as long as lobes, villous

hairy within. Stamens longer than corolla-lobes, exsert; filaments

connate half-way up, linear, connate part densely villous, free part

glabrous -2 in. long; anthers -1 to -15 in. long, dorsifixed, cells pro-

minently septate. Ovary ovoid, surmounted by a subulate angular

style, ‘3 in. long, black-gland-dotted below. Frwit a long acuminate

pale brown capsule, up to 3 in. long, ‘25 in. in diam., glabrous. Seed 1,

elongate, filling the capsule, embryo inverse, funicle very long. Willd.

Sp. Pl. I. 1185; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. TV. 511; Roxb. Fl. Ind.

III. 180; A.DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 2, XVI. t. 94, and Prod. VIII.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 157

142; Wight Icon. t. 146; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1031; Scheff. Myrs.

97; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 277; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 137;

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CXXXIX. Anal. pl. XIX. III.; Clarke in Hook. f.

FI, Br. Ind. III. 533; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 74; Cooke Fl. Bomb.

My 88; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. V. 276; Pax in Engl. & Prantl

Pflanzentam. LV. i. 97, fig. 57; Schimp. Strandfl. 44, figs. 1, 2;

Prain Beng. Pl. 645.. 4. fragrans, Koenig Ann. of Bot. I. 129,

t. 8; Wall. Cat. 2326; Wight in Hook. Bot. Mise. III. 84, t. 21.

4a. minus, A. DC. le. 142. A. Malaspinea, DC. l.c. 1438. Af.

obovatum, Blume Bijdr. 693. 4. corniculatum, Blanco Fl. Filip. 79 ;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. Il. 227 and For. Fl. IIT. 114;

Mez Monog. Myrs. 55, fig. 8. EKhizophora cormculata, Linn. Sp. Pl.

Hd. 3 (1764), 635. “ Pou-Kandel,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. VI. 36. Mangiwm

fruticosum corniculatum, Rumph. Herb. Amb. IIT. 117.

Penane: Wallich 2326; Curtis 52, 513. PERax: King’s Collector

4961. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1017; Griffith (K.D.) 3538. Sinea-

PoRE: Ridley 2801a, 36324.—DistRiB. Sea-coast of India from Sind to

Ceylon, the Sundarbans, Burma, and the Andaman Islands; eastwards

to the Malay Islands, South China, the Philippines and Australia.

One of the coast plants included under the general name of

“‘ Mangroves.”

Order LXXI. SAPOTACEHA.

Trees or shrubs, with milky juice, generally evergreen, young parts

often rusty-tomentose. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, coriaceous

or rarely membranous, entire, penniveined; stipules none or very

caducous. lowers usually hermaphrodite, small or medium-sized,

solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves, sometimes (Sarcosperma)

paniculate; bracts and bracteoles very small or wanting. Calyx

inferior, persistent or deciduous; lobes 4 to 8, much imbricate,

occasionally biseriate with the outer ones valvate. Corolla gamo-

petalous; tube short, campanulate or urceolate; lobes as many as,

or 2 to 4 times as many as, those of the calyx. Stamens inserted

on the corolla-tube in 1 to 2 series and opposite to them, sometimes

alternating with staminodes; filaments short, erect; anthers ovate-

lanceolate or linear-sagittate, 2-celled, the connective sometimes pro-

duced. Disk hypogynous, often inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary

superior, sessile, often villous, 2-5- or more celled; style shortly conical

or elongate-subulate, glabrous; stigma terminal, punctiform; ovules

solitary in the cells, attached to the inner angle. fruit an indehiscent,

1-8-seeded berry, pericarp usually fleshy. Seeds, if solitary, conform to

158 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the fruit; if more than one compressed, ellipsoid; hilum conspicuous ;

testa usually crustaceous, shining; embryo straight, exalbuminous with

fleshy cotyledons, or albuminous with flat cotyledons ; radicle inferior,

usually small.—Distris. About 320 species, in the tropical regions of

the whole world, genera about 24.

Calyx-lobes 1-seriate, imbricate ; stamens 5 to 6:—

Staminodes none .. a ye ae aie 60 .. 1. CaRysoPHYLLUM.

Staminodes present :—

Flowers sessile or in panicles .. a0 or: 20 .. 2. SARCOSPERMA.

Flowers in axillary fascicles .. 46 ae ve .. 3. SIDEROXYLON.

Calyx-lobes 2-seriate, outer series valvate :—

Calyx segments 4 :—

Seeds albuminous :—

Stamens 8 as Yd ee we sue ae .. 4, ISONANDRA.

Stamens 12 or more .. Se te es Be .. 5. PAayENA.

Seeds exalbuminous, stamens 12 or more sh ie .. 6. Bassta.

Calyx segments 6 to 8 :—

Staminodes none, seeds exalbuminous.. a ae .. 7. PawLaguium.

Staminodes present, seeds albuminous .. O10 a .. 8. Mimusops.

1. CuRYsoPHYLLUM, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous or pubescent

on the under-surface, main-nerves usually very many, thin; stipules

none. flowers small, in axillary fascicles, usually hermaphrodite.

Calyx 5-T-lobed; lobes subequal, imbricate. Corolla tubular-cam-

panulate or sub-rotate, 5—-7-lobed; lobes imbricate, entire. Stamens

equal in number with, and opposite to, the corolla-lobes, attached

to the tube or the base of the lobes; filaments subulate or filiform ;

anthers ovate or triangular, extrorse or laterally dehiscing; staminodes

none. Ovary villous, 5-, rarely 6—7-celled, style glabrous; ovules one

in each cell, attached to the central placenta. Fruit a fleshy or

‘coriaceous berry, globose, 5-celled or less by abortion. Seeds large ;

testa very hard, dull or shining; hilum conspicuous; embryo as large

as the seed, erect, cotyledons flat in fleshy albumen, radicle inferior.—

Distris. About 60 species, chiefly tropical American, a few only in

Asia, Africa and Australia.

CHRYSOPHYLLUM RoxpurGuil, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 33 (1837).

A slender, erect tree reaching 40 to 60 ft.in height, evergreen ; branches

horizontal; bark smooth, grey; young branchlets and innovations

ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, alternate ; oblong-

lanceolate, suddenly caudate-acuminate at the apex which is some-

times obtuse, cuneate at base and unequal, undulate on the margins;

3 to 6 in. long, 1:25-2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 159

beneath ; main-nerves very numerous, parallel, nearly at right angles

to midrib, meeting in an intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves

similar, reticulations slanting; petiole thick, -25 in. long, pubescent.

Flowers small, in rounded axillary fascicles; pedicels slender, -1 to

‘2 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate, glabrous

or pubescent outside, thick, ciliate on the margins, ‘07 to ‘1 in.

long; tube short. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -1 in. long; lobes 5,

short, ciliate on the margins. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla,

opposite the corolla-lobes and inserted on the base of the tube;

filaments slender; anthers ovate, apiculate and ending in a minute

tuft of hairs, extrorse, slits somewhat lateral. Ovary rounded, obscurely

5-lobed, surrounded by a thick tuft of long ferruginous hairs; style

thick, cylindro-conical, glabrous; cells 5. Fruit a globose or obscurely

5-lobed berry 1 to 15 in. in diam., strongly 5-lobed when dry,

ferruginous-tomentose when young afterwards smooth, yellowish-

green, with thick glutinous pulp. Seeds ‘6in. long, ‘din. broad,

flattened, the outer edge curved, the inner nearly straight; hilum

oblong, conspicuous, pale; testa very hard, thick, shining, chestnut-

brown; embryo erect, cotyledons flat, -4in. broad, ovate, obtuse,

3-nerved; radicle large, cylindric. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 162; Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 535; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 236; Kurz

For. Fl. II. 118 and in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. (1877) 228;

Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 76; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 138; Cooke Bomb.

Fl. IT. 88; Burek Ann. Gard. Buit. V. i. (1886), 4; Koord. & Val.

Bijdr. I. 130. C. acuminatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 599; Wall. Cat. 4160

(not of Lamk.). C. lanceolatum, A. DC. le.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

1035. C. javanicum, Steud. Nom. Ed. Il. i. 359. Nycteristition

lanceolatum, Bl. Bijdr. 676.

Manacea: Griffith (K.D.) 3600; Maingay (K.D.) 980; Goodenough

1739. Stneapore: Ridley 2756, 5837.—Distris. British India;

Burma; Java; Sumatra.

Curtis No, 1072, collected at Batu Ferengy, Penang, and now in the Kew

Herbarium, seems to be a new species of Chrysophyllum. The leaves are chartaceous,

lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, glabrous, shining, 2 to 4 in. long, °75 to

1 in. broad, the veins indistinct. Flowers unknown. Fruit a fleshy berry, ‘5 in.

in diam., 5-lobed when dry, glabrous. Seeds -4 in. long, :25 in. broad, rounded on

the outside, narrowed and somewhat concave within; testa hard, dark chestnut-

brown, shining; hilum narrow. It might be called C. Curtisii, n. sp., King &

Gamble.

2. SARCOSPERMA, Hook. f.

Glabrous trees. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, opposite and

alternate, oblong; stipules caducous. lowers small, sessile or fascicled

160 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

on the branches of a simple or compound panicle, sessile or shortly

pedicellate; bracteoles minute. © Calyx-lobes 5, rounded, sub-equal,

much imbricate. Corolla broadly campanulate ; tube short; lobes 5,

rounded, entire, much imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of

the corolla and opposite to its lobes; filaments very short; anthers

obtuse, laterally or extrorsely dehiscing. Staminodes 5, small, subulate

or rounded. Ovary glabrous, 1—2-celled; style short ; stigma somewhat

lobed, capitate. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, 1-2-seeded; pericarp

coriaceous, scarcely thick. Seeds 1-2; testa crustaceous; hilum nearly

basal; albumen none; embryo fleshy.—Distris. Species 3, in North-

East India, Burma, Malaya and S. China.

SARCOSPERMA PANICULATUM, Stapf & King in Hook. f. Ic. Plant.

t. 2690 (1901). A tree, reaching 50 to 70 feet in height and 18 to 20in. in

diam.; branchlets thick, dark brown, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous ;

sub-opposite, elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminate at apex, acute or rounded

or often rhomboid at base; glabrous on both surfaces, nearly black

when dry ; 4 to 8:5 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main-

nerves 7-8 pairs, slender, distant, often nearly 1 in. apart, starting at

an angle of about 60° with the midrib and at once curving upwards to

and along the margin; secondary nerves many and, like the transverse:

reticulations, inconspicuous ; glandular pits in the axils of most of the

main-nerves; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long, channelled above and with two

minute rounded auricles below the blade. lowers solitary or clustered

on the branches of a leafy compound panicle of racemes, the racemes

often 2 in. long; bracteoles minute, triangular; pedicels rarely reaching

‘05 in. in length, stout; buds globose. Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate,

rounded, usually 3 larger with somewhat scarious margins, 2 smaller

thicker and slightly acute, shortly campanulate. Corolla-lobes 5,

closely imbricate, rounded, glabrous, 05 in. long, the margins revolute ;

tube as long as lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the top of the tube;

filaments very short; anthers ovate, rounded, introrse, or laterally

dehiscing. Staminodes alternating with the stamens, minute, nearly

orbicular, crenulate. Ovary conical, furrowed; style very short, thick,

stigma capitate, minutely 2-4-lobed. Frwit drupaceous, ellipsoid,

seeds, 1-2. Bracea paniculata, King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

APY ar OT

Perak: Scortechini; King’s Collector 7970, 8086, 10284, 10554,

10672, 10835; among large bamboos, on river-banks, or in mixed

forest.

3. SIDEROXYLON, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes armed, with milky juice. Leaves

coriaceous or thinner, entire, alternate; stipules none. Flowers

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 161

small, in fascicles in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen

leaves, sub-sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx of 5-6 imbricate,

usually orbicular and obtuse segments. Corolla campanulate, or

tubular-campanulate, with 5 or rarely 6 lobes, the lobes imbricate.

Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and opposite to them, attached

to the tube or at its base; filaments linear, usually short ; anthers ovate

or lanceolate ; staminodes alternating with the stamens, lanceolate.

Ovary usually villous, with 5 or fewer cells; style cylindric; stigma

small; ovules erect, placentas axile. Frwt an ovoid or globose fleshy

berry, 5- or less-seeded, usually with one seed only. Seeds compressed,

generally solitary; testa hard, crustaceous, usually shining; hilum

oblong or linear ; embryo erect, cotyledons flat or thickened, in fleshy

albumen ; radicle short, inferior.—Distris. About 60 species, mostly

of tropical regions in both hemispheres, a few only extratropical in

South Africa or Australasia.

Leaves more than 3 in. broad, gi when dry, main-nerves

very prominent .. ee -. IL. S. malaccense.

Leaves under 3 in. broad, peed or crown nen dry :—

Leaves nearly glabrous, membranous, obovate-acuminate .. 2. S. Maingayi.

Leaves pubescent beneath, at least on the nerves :-—

Corolla-tube longer than the lobes; leaves ei. grey- in

beneath : : 3. S. Derryanum.

Corolla-tube aherer hom the lobes :—

Leaves obovate, main-nerves not very prominent or

regular ay . A, §. ferrugineum.

Leaves oblong- nsgnesaliiia, main-nerves very suave el

regular ae oc ae ae -- O. S. firmum.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN: 6. S. Wallichianwmn.

1. SIDEROXYLON MALACCENSE, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

537 (1882). A large tree, reaching 40 to 60 feet in height ; branches pale

brown; ultimate branchlets ferruginous-pubescent, as are the leaf-buds

and young leaves. Leaves coriaceous; often, not always, crowded

towards the ends of the branchlets ; obovate-oblong, rounded or shortly

acute at apex, somewhat cuneate at base; deep-green above, pale

bluish-green beneath, yellow when dry, densely rusty-pubescent beneath

when young, glabrous on both surfaces when old except for rusty hairs

on the midrib and main-nerves beneath; 6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4:5 in.

broad; midrib very thick and prominent; main-nerves 8-14 pairs, very

prominent, starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, parallel at

first, ultimately arched upwards; reticulations not prominent, obliquely

joining the main-nerves; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, thick, enlarged at

base, bordered above by the slightly decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers fasciculate, shortly pedicelled, in the axils of the leaves, above

162 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the scars of fallen leaves or on the rey -old wood below the leaves and

shoots of the year; pedicels -1 to -2 in. long, rusty-tomentose. Calyx-

lobes 5, imbricate, 15 to -2 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent without,

rounded. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -15 in. long, absent in

flowers; lobes very short, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens attached to

the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers ovate, apiculate, opening by side-

slits ; staminodes linear-lanceolate. Ovary thickly rusty-pubescent,

flattened at top, obscurely 5-lobed, 5-celled; style cylindric. Berry

fleshy, somewhat oblong, rounded, tipped with the persistent style,

thickly covered with velvety orange-red tomentum and about °5 in. in

diam. Seeds not accurately known.

Prenane: Curtis 1452. Perak: Wray 136; King’s Collector 6550.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 994; Holmberg 704. Srncarore: fidley

6130, 6499; Cantley 89.

Mr. Cantley says that this tree gives the true ‘‘ Daru-daru” or ‘‘ Dedaru” wood of

the Malay Peninsula.

2. SipEROxYLON Marneayti, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 536

(1882). A tree with rusty-pubescent branchlets and young shoots.

Leaves membranous; crowded towards the ends of the branchlets;

obovate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; rusty-pubescent

when young, glabrous when old or rusty-pubescent on the midrib and

main-nerves; 4to Sin. long, 1°5 to3in. broad; midrib prominent; main-

nerves 8 to 11 pairs, starting at an angle of nearly 60° to the midrib,

at first parallel then arching upwards to near the margin; transverse

reticulations more or less parallel; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, bordered

by the decurrent margins of the blade. lowers fasciculate, sessile or

with very short pedicels, chiefly on the previous year’s wood below the

leaves and shoots of the year. Calyz-lobes 5, imbricate, rounded,

rusty-pubescent without, -075 to ‘1 im. in diam. Corolla tubular-

campanulate, as long as or rather shorter than the calyx, wanting

in 2 flowers; lobes very short, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens short;

filaments slender; anthers ovate; staminodes linear-lanceolate. Ovary

thickly rusty-pubescent, flattened at top; style cylindric. Berry fleshy,

1:5 in. in diam., ovoid or globular, full of guttapercha. Seeds 4,

compressed, ‘7 in. long by 3 to 35 in. broad; rounded outside, nearly

straight within, the long narrow oblong hilum covering nearly the whole

margin; testa hard, shining, dark chestnut-brown; albumen firm,

white ; cotyledons plane, appressed, elliptic; radicle inferior.

-Neari SempBinan: Ridley 10084. Manacca: cee Y( Ke.) 995:

Hervey. Stnaarore: Ridley 8928, 9223.

The fruit description is chiefly taken from Maingay’s notes in the Kew Herbarium.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 163

3. SmpEROXxYLON DeRRyYANUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree;

branchlets grey, uppermost appressed-pubescent; innovations with

nearly black hairs. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic, very abruptly short-

acuminate at apex, broadly cuneate at base; margins more or less

recurved; glabrous above, densely silvery-pubescent beneath; 3 to

5:5 in. long, 1°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above ;

main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, parallel, starting at an angle of about 75° with

the midrib, meeting near the margin in a faint intramarginal looped

nerye; secondary nerves similar, rather prominent, reticulations few,

obscure; petiole -3 to ‘din. long, channelled above, pubescent with

nearly black hairs. Flowers fascicled, about 5 together in the axils of

_ the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels :25 in long, tawny-

pubescent; buds oblong, conical. Calyz-lobes 5, rounded, obtuse, the

2 outer thick very pubescent, the 3 inner somewhat scarious, pubescent

only on the middle of the back. Corolla campanulate, -2 in. long ; tube

‘15 in. long, glabrous within, with a few sparse hairs without; lobes 5,

ovate, imbricate, margins recurved. Stamens 5, short, inserted at the

top of the tube; filaments conical; anthers ovate-cordate, dehiscing by

side-slits ; staminodes subulate, glabrous. Ovary villous, obscurely

5-lobed, 5-celled ; style very short; stigma obscurely 5-lobed. Berry

oblong, dark blue, glabrous, the top flat and crowned with the

remains of the style, ‘6-7 in. long, l-seeded. Seed oblong, ‘6 in.

long by ‘3 in. in diam. truncate obliquely at the base; testa thick,

light-brown, striate; hilum rather small, sub-basal; albumen thin;

cotyledons thick; radicle small.

Prrak: Derry-Curtis 3641.

The colour of the silvery under-surface of the leaves is difficult to describe—it is

sometimes dark and smoky-looking.

4. SIDEROXYLON FERRUGINEUM, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.

266, t. 55 (1841). A small tree ; branches rough, ultimate branchlets fer-

ruginous-pubescent like the leaf-buds and young leaves, branchlets with

a raised line downwards from each leaf or scar of a fallen leaf. Leaves

coriaceous; obovate or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or bluntly acute at

apex, attenuate at base; shining above, densely appressed ferruginous-

silky beneath when young, ultimately nearly glabrous ; 2°5 to 6 in. long,

1 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, fairly

prominent, especially above, starting at about an angle of 60° with the

midrib, at first nearly parallel then arching upwards to meet near the

margin; secondary nerves similar, reticulations oblique; petiole ‘5 to

‘7 in. long, the edges bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade,

enlarged at base. Flowers fasciculate, shortly pedicelled, in the axils of

164 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

the leaves or above the scars of fallen leaves on year-old wood below the

leaves and shoots of the year; pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long, covered like

the obtuse buds with rusty tomentum. Calyz-lobes round, :025 to

‘075 in. in diam., with scarious margins, closely imbricate, rusty-

pubescent outside. Corolla campanulate, ‘1 in. long; tube short; lobes

5, imbricate, rounded, crenulate, sparingly pubescent near the base

within, in ? flowers wanting or deciduous. Stamens very short,

attached to the corolla-tube above the base; filaments linear; anthers

rounded, opening by marginal slits; staminodes subulate or somewhat

hastate, acuminate. Ovary depressed, obscurely 5-lobed, pubescent ;

stigma short, cylindric, with 5 minute punctiform styles. Berry ovoid,

shining ‘35 by ‘3 in., 1-2-seeded. Seeds ovoid, -25 by ‘15 in.; testa

shining, dark brown, thick; hilum large, oblong; albumen thick ;

cotyledons flat. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 178; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 537. 8S. attenwatwm, A. DC. l.e.; Wight Ie. t. 1590;

Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 117, and in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. (1877) .

229. Mimusops ? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 4150.

Kepau: Langkawi, Curtis. Prnane: Curtis 273, 703, 704.

Perak: Scortechint 1463; King’s Collector 1224. Matacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 982; Griffith (K.D.) 3604; Goodenough 1735. SINGAPORE:

Wallich 4150; Lobb 319; Ridley 5648, 5908. A sea-shore tree,

found also by Ridley on Tiuman Island and at Kwala Pahang (Trans.

Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. III. 317).—Distris. Burma, Andaman Islands,

Nicobar Islands, Malay Archipelago to the Philippines and 8. China.

5. SIDEROXYLON FIRMUM, Pierre; Burckin Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 17, tab.

IIT. (1885). A small tree; branchlets thick, striate, brown ; innovations

ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, shortly

acuminate at apex, narrowly acute at base; glabrous above, rusty-

pubescent on the nerves beneath and on young leaves; margins recurved ;

4 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad ; midrib strong, prominent, impressed

above; main-nerves 12 to 16 pairs, very prominent, about ‘2 to ‘3 in. apart,

starting at an angle of about 40° with the midrib, parallel, curved near

and along the margin; reticulations transverse, very regular and

prominent; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, channelled above and bordered

by the decurrent margins of the blade, rusty-pubescent. Flowers

fascicled, 4 to 6 together in the axils of the leaves; pedicels variable,

*3 to ‘6 in. long, rusty-pubescent, slender in flower, thickened in fruit. .

Calyz-lobes 5, rounded, imbricate, °15 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent,

3 outer thick, 2 inner more or less scarious on the margins. Corolla

campanulate, ‘15 in. long, 5-lobed, glabrous within, slightly hairy

without ; tube rather short; lobes oblong, rounded. Stamens inserted

on the top of the tube; filaments glabrous ; anthers ovate-apiculate ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 165

staminodes subulate, about -05 in. long. Ovary villous; style clavate,

glabrous. Frwt an oblong or somewhat obovoid berry, depressed at

apex, glabrous, fleshy, supported by the somewhat enlarged persistent

calyx-lobes, seed usually 1. Seed oblong, obtuse above, somewhat

pointed below, little compressed, °6 in. long, *25 in. broad and thick;

testa chestnut-brown, shining, crustaceous ; hilum linear, flat, occupying

nearly the whole inner face of the seed; albumen thick; cotyledons

leafy, flat, oblong, 3-nerved; radicle inferior, pointed. Chrysophyllum

jirmum, Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 579.

PenanG: at West Hill, Curtis, 1575.—Distris. Bangka, Teysmann ;

Philippines.

The Bangka specimens have the leaves up to 2°5 in. broad, but in other respects

we find no difference from Teysmann’s type in the Penang plant.

Species IMPERFECTLY KNowN.

6. SIDEROXYLON WaLLIcHIANUM, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 28 (1837). A

tree (?); branchlets pale brown, ferruginous-villous as are the inno-

vations. eaves chartaceous; elliptic-obovate, obliquely acuminate at

apex, cuneate at base, crowded towards the ends of the branchlets;

6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad ; midrib thick; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,

curved upwards, distant, reticulations prominent; petiole thick, densely

tawny-pubescent. Calyz-lobes apparently 5, short, rounded, rusty-

pubescent. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1037. S. (?) rugoswm, Wall. Cat.

4158.

The only sheet of this is in the type Herbarium of Wallich’s plants with the

Linnean Society of London. The remains of flowers are very slight, but they seem

to show that the plant belongs to this genus. The note ‘‘a small plant growing on

crocks—flowers white—from the hills”’ attached to the sheet, seems to refer to some

other plant, for the specimen itself has every appearance of having come from a tree.

4, IsonanpRA, Wight.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous, entire, alternate,

penniveined, the main-nerves and midrib prominent, the rest usually

rather obscure. lowers small, in axillary shortly pedicellate clusters

in the axils of present or fallen leaves. Calyx of 4 segments, the

two outer opposite, more or less valvate; the two inner also

opposite, imbricate. Corolla tubular, campanulate; lobes 4, much

imbricate, somewhat twisted. Stamens 8, sub-equal, attached near the

base of the corolla, both opposite to and alternate with the lobes;

filaments short; anthers lanceolate, sagittate at base, extrorse ;

staminodes absent. Ovary 4-celled, villous; style linear. Berry

somewhat small, ovoid or oblong with a fleshy pericarp. Seed usually

1 only, scarcely flattened; testa thick, shining, crustaceous; hilum

166 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lateral, long ; albumen fleshy, cotyledons flat, radicle inferior—DistTR1b.

About 7 species, 6 of which in South India and Ceylon,

1. IsoNANDRA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree

reaching 30 to 40 feet in height; ultimate branchlets, leaf-buds and

young leaves appressed greyish-brown-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;

obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, cuneate sometimes un-

equally at the base; the margins reflexed, glabrous and dull above,

thickly brown-pubescent beneath; 2 to 3°5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in.

broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs at about 60°

with the midrib, reticulations very inconspicuous; petiole -2 to -3 in.

long, rather stout. Flowers fasciculate, on very short, ‘1 in. long, thick,

angular pedicels in the axils of upper leaves; buds ‘15 in. long, obtuse,

brown-appressed-pubescent. Calyx of 4 lobes, an outer pair and an

inner pair, the outer valvate, the inner shining within, minutely ciliate ;

lobes ‘15 in. long. Corolla 4-lobed; lobes rounded, about equal to the

tube, together about equal to the calyx. Stamens 8, filaments thickened ;

anthers lanceolate, sagittate at base, extrorse. Ovary slightly hairy,

conical, surmounted by a short linear style as long as the calyx; cells 4.

Berry oblong, acute, smooth, -4 to ‘5 in. long. Seeds ellipsoid, acute

at apex, scarcely flattened, 35 by ‘15 in.; hilum large, oblong; testa

dark brown, hard, smooth, shining; albumen fleshy; embryo large,

cotyledons oblong.

Perak: at 1,000 to 1,500 feet elevation, King’s Collector 7138.

DouBTFUL SPECIES.

2. IsoONANDRA RUFA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ small tree,

reaching 20 to 30 feet in height and 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; younger

branchlets and innovations densely ferruginous pubescent. Leaves

membranous; obovate, long acuminate sometimes abruptly at apex,

cuneate and finally more or less rounded at base; sparsely pubescent

above when young, nearly glabrous when old; roughly pubescent

beneath, especially on the nerves; 5 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad ;

midrib prominent ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, irregularly distanced, at

first at an angle of about 45° with the midrib, then arching upwards ;

secondary nerves and reticulations prominent; petiole 3 in. long,

slender, rusty-pubescent, channelled above; stipules very short,

subulate, rusty-pubescent, very caducous. Flowers solitary or in

pairs in the axils of the upper leaves or on the upper branchlets,

very small; pedicels slender, ‘25 in. long, recurved. Calyx-lobes 4,

densely ferruginous-pubescent; 2 outer valvate, ovate, -2 in. long;

2 inner imbricate, ovate, somewhat scarious and ciliate on the margins.

Corolla tubular-campanulate ; :2 to ‘25 in. long; tube slender, minutely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 167

hairy without and near the mouth within ; lobes 6 (?), linear oblong, *1 in.

long, erect. Stamens 6 (?), ‘1 in. long; filaments very slender, villous ;

anthers ovate, penicillate-apiculate. Ovary rounded, glabrous; style

slender, curved, -2in. long. Frwit an oblong berry, about 1 in. long

and ‘din. broad. Seed 1, testa thin, shining.

Prrak: Scortechini 159; King’s Collector 4550, in dense jungle at

500 to 800 feet.

In only one flower were any traces found of the corolla and stamens, and there

seemed to be 6 corolla-lobes instead of 4, and 6 stamens instead of 8. We consider it

best, however, to leave the species here for the present and until better material is

available.

5. Payena, A. DC.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves membranous or chartaceous, often

silky beneath ; stipules caducous. Flowers fascicled, rather few

together, in the axils of the leaves on the upper part of the

branchlets, pedicellate. Calyzx-lobes 4, the 2 outer usually valvate

enclosing the 2 inner generally imbricate. Corolla campanulate ;

tube broad, short; lobes 8, imbricate, in one or two series. Stamens

16, inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments short; anthers usually

extrorse, ovate to linear, connective produced in an acumen; stami-

nodes none. Ovary villous, usually 8-celled; style linear-subulate.

Fruit an oblong or ovoid fleshy berry, few-seeded. Seeds oblong,

usually somewhat compressed; testa crustaceous, shining; hilum

oblong or linear, conspicuous; albumen thin; cotyledons leafy, thin,

flat, nearly as long and broad as the cavity of the seed; radicle inferior,

generally rather conspicuous.—Distris. About 6 to 7 species, found

in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

Flowers large, reaching -75 in. in length :—

Leaves 6 to 9 in. long, silky-pubescent beneath.. .. Ll. P. Maingayi.

Leaves 4 to 5 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces .. 2. P. longipedicellata.

Flowers medium-sized or small, under -75 in. in length :—

Flowers in fascicles near the ends of the branchlets, having

the appearance of a terminal inflorescence :—

Flowers moderate-sized, berry obpyriform, acuminate at

tip zc se se 3c .. 3. P. Haviland.

Flowers small, berry oblong conical, truncate at tip a. 2 459P Meer.

Flowers in fascicles in the axils of the leaves, never appa-

rently terminal :—

Leaves glabrous, pedicels slender, flowers small wo. Pylucida.

Leaves ferruginous-pubescent, pedicels short, flowers

rather large =< : 6. P. dasyphylla.

Spectres ImpeRFectTLy Known.

Leaves sessile .. S. we at soe Uo I2s SOSA

168 _ Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves petiolate :—

Leaves under 4 in. long, obovate or elliptic-obovate, more or

less obtuse .. aE ae ae .. 8. P. obtusifolia.

Leaves over 4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate .. 9. P. selangorica.

1. Payena Marneayt, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 547 (1882).

A large guttapercha-yielding tree, reaching 80 feet in height and a con-

siderable girth ; branchlets dark brown, smooth, younger branchlets and

innovations rusty-tomentose; leaf-buds golden pubescent, scales ‘2 to

‘3 in. long, lanceolate. Leaves chartaceous; oblong, acuminate at the apex

sometimes caudately sometimes abruptly, cuneate at the base; glabrous

above except on the midrib, covered beneath with a silky golden-brown

pubescence, afterwards glabrate ; 6 to 9 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; mid-

rib prominent, minutely pubescent above or glabrous ; main-nerves 20

to 25 pairs, °3 to ‘5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 70° with the

midrib, at first parallel, ultimately ending in a looped intramarginal

nerve; secondary nerves between the main-nerves, obscure like the

reticulations ; petiole 1 in. long, bordered above by the decurrent

margins of the blade; stipules linear, subulate, -3 in. long, golden-

pubescent, quickly caducous. Flowers fascicled, 2 to 6 together in

the axils of the leaves; pedicels slender, -75 in. long, up to 1 in. in

fruit and then thickened, clavate, brown-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 4,

“4 to ‘5 in. long, densely brown-pubescent outside; outer pair valvate,

ovate-acute, thick; inner pair imbricate, concave, keeled, acuminate,

rather thin. Corolla white, campanulate, ‘6 to ‘8 in. long, glabrous;

tube about ‘2 in. long; lobes 8, lanceolate, in 2 rows, the outer 4 enclosing

the inner 4. Stamens 16, inserted on the top of the tube, :25 in. long;

filaments thick; anthers as long as filaments, ovate, extrorse, crowned

by a long mucro formed by the produced connective, the mucro ciliate

or truncate or bifid at the apex. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, tapering

into a subulate ‘8 in. long style, cells 8. Frwt an oblong, golden-

pubescent or nearly glabrous berry up to 1°5 in. long by ‘8 in. broad,

crowned by the remains of the persistent style, and supported by the

persistent calyx-lobes, seeds 1 to 2. Seeds oblong, convex on one side,

somewhat concave on the other, 1 to 2 in. long by -5 in. broad and

‘2 in. thick; testa light brown, shining, crustaceous; hilum con-

spicuous, slender; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong rounded, ‘8 in.

long by ‘225 in. broad; radicle rather large, inferior. Pierre

in Bull. Linn. Soc. Par. I. 526. Chrysophyllum ? molle, Wall.

Cat. 4161.

PENANG: Curtis 1565. Perak: Scortechint 172, 346; Wray

3423; King’s Collector 7223, 7918; in open jungle or rich soil from

300 up to 2,000 feet. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3610 ; Maingay (K.D.)

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 169

990; Curtis 3483. Sinaapore: Ridley 6239, 6497. Curtis says it is

the ‘Taban Percha”’ of the Malays.

The drawing of the flower in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzen-Fam. IV. i. 132,

fig. 69 A-C seems a little doubtful. The identification of Wall. Cat. 4161 seems also

doubtful, for Payena Maingayi much resembles in leaf Palaquium Gutta var. oblongi-

folia.

2. PAYENA LONGIPEDICELLATA, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale. A tree,

reaching 100 to 130 feet in height; branches slender, silvery-grey,

innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; oblong or

elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded unequally at the

base; glabrous on both surfaces, margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in.

long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves

about 18 pairs, indistinct, starting at about 85° with the midrib, at first

parallel, near the margin joined in an intramarginal looped nerve ;

secondary nerves nearly as prominent as main-nerves, often branching

backwards, reticulations few, indistinct; petiole ‘7 to ‘8 in. long,

channelled above and bordered by the margins of the decurrent blade ;

stipules small, ovate-acute, rusty-pubescent, very caducous. Flowers

fascicled, 1-3 together, in the axils of lower leaves or of the scars of

fallen leaves; pedicels 1 to 1:5 in. long, slender, curved, striate when

dry, clavate above, puberulous; flower-buds conical, large. Calyx-lobes

4; 2 outer valvate, ovate-acute, thick, -5 in. long, sparsely rusty-

pubescent ; 2 inner lanceolate-acuminate, concave, thickly keeled, ‘6 in.

long, densely tawny-pubescent on the back. Corolla tubular-campanu-

late, *8 in. long; tube °3 in. long, glabrous; lobes 8, 4 outer enclosing

4 inner, ovate-acuminate, glabrous. Stamens 16, inserted in 1 row,

below the top of the tube but alternate ones covered by the others;

filaments very short, slender; anthers 15 in. long, ovate, rusty-hirsute,

extrorse, the connective produced in a broad mucro divided in 2 diverg-

ing lobes at the tip. Ovary oblong, style a little longer than the corolla-

lobes. rwit not known.

Perak: King’s Collector 2940.—Distris. Borneo, Haviland 3035.

3. Payena Havinanni, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree (?);

branchlets grey, slender, innovations appressed rusty-pubescent.

Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, at-

tenuate usually unequally at base; glabrous above, glabrous beneath

except on the midrib which is appressed-rusty-pubescent, margins

recurved; 2°5 to 3 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender ;

main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, not very prominent, rather irregular,

starting at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, meeting close to the

margin in an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves and reticu-

lations scanty but prominent, raised beneath ; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long,

170 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

channelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade ;

stipules small, ovate-falcate, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Flowers

fascicled, 3-4 together, in the axils of upper leaves or of terminal

leafless branchlets, giving the appearance of a terminal corym bose

inflorescence; pedicels ‘8 to 1 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent,

recurved; buds ovate, -25 in. long, obtuse. Calyx-lobes 4, outer pair

rounded, thick, appressed pubescent to nearly glabrous; inner pair

thinner, scarious, ciliate. Corolla campanulate, °3 to -4 in. long, longer

than the calyx, glabrous; lobes 8, oblong, cordate at base, crenate or

ciliate on the margins, veined ; tube as longaslobes. Stamens 16, usually

in 2 rows; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers ovate, the connective

broad and produced in a broad glabrous acumen, sharp in bud, flattened

later on. Ovary linear-oblong; style slender, ‘5 in. long. Frwit an

obpyriform fleshy berry, 1:5 in. long and -75 in. broad, surmounted by

the persistent conical style, seed 1. Seed oblong, 1 in. long, ‘6 in. broad,

flattened ; testa crustaceous, shining, chestnut-brown; hilum narrow,

elongated; albumen thick; cotyledons broadly oblong, 5 in. long,

nerved ; radicle rather large, nearly -15 in. long.

Kepaw: Lankawi Island, Ridley 8329. Prunana: Curtis 777.

SincaPorE: Ardley 4959, 9203.—-Distrin. Borneo, Haviland 2098,

2320.

P. Crorxiana, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 524 seems to be this

species or very near it. The following is Pierre’s description :—

A huge tree. Leaves oval or sub-oblong, long acuminate, glabrous ;

2-3 in. long, -3 in. broad; main-nerves 24 to 28, petiole -25 in.

Flowers 3, axillary, sub-terminal; peduncles -2 to ‘3 in. long, ‘6 in. in

fruit. Sepals ovate, ciliate. Corolla-twbhe pubescent without; lobes

oblong, truncate at the apex, ciliate; filaments very short; anthers sub-

oblong with a long connective, obtuse, pilose on both sides. Ovary

8-celled, tomentose, urceolate at the base of the style. Berry oblong,

*8-1:2 in. long, ‘5-6 in. broad, glabrous, 1-seeded; pericarp ‘06 in.

thick ; hilum under -04 in. broad, laterally extended over the whole

height; cotyledons ‘8 in. long; ‘02 in. broad, radicle -14 in. long.

Mauacoa: St. Pol Lias; Mad. Errington de la Croix in Paris Mus.

« Sundek.”’

4, PayvenA LeErit, Benth. & Hook. f.; Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn.

Par. i. 524 (1885). A tree, reaching 80 to 100 feet in height and a con-

siderable girth; branchlets grey, slender ; innovations minutely rusty-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex,

acute or somewhat rounded at base ; upper surface glabrous, shining,

lower surface sparsely pubescent to glabrous; margins undulate, re-

curved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 171

above; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, slender, about ‘2 in. apart, incon-

spicuous, more or less parallel, starting at an angle of about 80° with the

midrib, straight almost to the margin where they are connected by a

looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves many, forking backwards,

reticulations faint ; petiole slender, 75 in. long, channelled above by the

decurrent margins of the blade ; stipules short, subulate, pubescent, very

caducous. Flowers fascicled, 3-4 together, in the axils of upper leaves,

or on terminal leafless branchlets, giving the impression of a terminal

inflorescence ; pedicels slender, -4 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes 4,

‘15 in. long, the 2 outer ovate-valvate, minutely pubescent ; the 2 inner

ovate, truncate at apex, almost scarious on the margins, pubescent,

imbricate. Corolla campanulate ; tube ‘05 in. long, glabrous ; lobes 8,

imbricate, the 4 rather smaller outer embracing the 4 larger inner,

ovate-obtuse, ‘15 in. long. Stamens 16, inserted in one row on the top

of the corolla-tube, those opposite the lobes longer than and behind

those alternate with them ; filaments very short, hairy ; anthers ovate,

075 in. long, extrorse, the connective produced in a rather thick

penicillate mucro. Ovary villous, depressed, obscurely 8-lobed; style

subulate, glabrous above, pubescent below, °2 in. long; cells 8. Fruit

an ovate-oblong conical reddish-green berry, 1:5 to 1:75 in. long,

obscurely ribbed and rough, at first tipped with the conical remains

of the style, afterwards truncate seed 1. Seed 1 in. long, about

‘4 in. broad, oblong ; testa thin crustaceous, dark brown; hilum long,

narrow; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong, ‘85 in. long, -35 in. broad,

faintly 3-nerved; radicle small, inferior. Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. XL. (1871) II. 69; Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. (1885) 56, tab.

VIII. ; Engl and Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 133, fig. 70. Kerate-

phorus Leer, Hassk. Retzia I. (1856) 101; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

1039. Azaola Leeru, Teysm. & Binnend. in Nat Tijdschr. Neerl.

ind V1. 116.

PERAK: Wray 1539, at 4,900 feet on Batang Padang; King’s

Collector 523. Stnecapore: Cantley 20.—Distris. Sumatra, Bangka,

Borneo (?), Amboina. Vern. “‘Getah Sundek.’ It gives a second-rate

variety of guttapercha.

To this species probably belong Ridley 11313, Curtis 3631, and David 10857,

all apparently from Sumatra—Vern. ‘‘Getah Sundi.” The specimens have

leaves only.

Curtis’ No. 3640 ‘‘Getah Sundek’’ from the Dindings is either this species

or P. Havilandi; but the fruit is globose, not elongate or obconical. It seems,

however, to have been more or less attacked by insects, and may not show its

proper shape.

5. Payena tucipa, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 197 (1844). An evergreen tree

172 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

reaching a height of 60 feet and considerable girth; branchlets

slender, dark brown, innovations rusty-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous;

elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely and rather

abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, acute at base and unequal-sided ;

glabrous on both surfaces, the margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in.

long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, slender; main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs, not prominent, rather irregular, ‘3 to -4 in. apart, starting

at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, straight at first, arching near

the margin to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves

and reticulations rather scanty; petiole -4 in. long, channelled above ;

stipules very minute, linear, silky-pubescent, caducous. Flowers

fascicled, 1 to 4 together, in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels slender,

‘7 to ‘8 in. long, somewhat clavate, minutely silky; buds conical, ‘1 to

‘2 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer valvate, thick, enclosing 2 inner,

broad, ovate, obtuse, ciliate, often scarious on the margins, -2 in. long.

Corolla white, campanulate, -2 to °3 in. long; tube short; lobes 8,

oblong, obtuse or rounded in 2 rows, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner.

Stamens 16, ‘12 in. long; filaments short, thick; anthers ovate, the

connective produced into an obtuse, glabrous, often bifid acumen, cells

extrorse. Ovary villous, rounded ; style subulate, glabrous, °3 in. long,

6-celled. Hrwt an cbhlong, ferruginous-pubescent berry, 1 to 1:5 in.

long, ‘7 in. broad, 1-seeded. Seed oblong, bluntly acute at both ends,

flattened, ‘8 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, ‘3 in. thick; testa chartaceous,

chestnut-brown, shining; hilum about -15 in. broad occupying the

whole inner edge; albumen thick; cotyledons oblong, thin, flat, faintly

nerved as the leaves, ‘6 in. long, -4 in. broad; radicle rather large,

inferior. Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 121, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. 1. 69, and

XLVI. ii. 230; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 547; Pierre in Bull.

Soc. Linn. Par. I. 525. Mimusops lucida, Wall. Cat. 4147; G. Don

Gen. Syst. IV. 35 (not of Poir.).

Prenane: Wallich 4147. Perak: Scortechint 1989; Wray 2266,

3114, 3191, 3482; King’s Collector 3364, 3734, 6636. SINGAPORE:

Lobb 307 ; Fidley.

Var. Wight, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 548. Leaves large,

up to 6 in. long and 2°5 broad, coriaceous; pedicels stout; sepals

large, rusty-tomentose. Payena polyandra, Bth. & Hook. f.; Pierre

in Bull. Linn. Soc. Par. I. 526. Isonandra polyandra, Wight Ic.

t. 1589. Keratephorus Wight, Hassk. in Retzia I. 101.

Of this variety Clarke makes two forms, which he distinguishes chiefly by the

former having short acuminations to the leaves, the latter long acuminate leaves. We

have separated the material into these two groups as well as we can.

Form (1): Leaves up to 6 in. long, 2°5 in. broad, abruptly acuminate, shining

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 173

above, ferruginous-red beneath when dry ; flower-buds ovoid, 2 in. long or more, rusty-

pubescent. Pedicels stout, clavate ; fruit oblong, depressed at top; anther-connective

not so broad as in P. lucida.

Manacca: Grifith (K.D.) 3605 (part); Maingay (K.D.) 194; Hervey; Derry 937;

Holmberg 794; Goodenough 1977. Prrax: King’s Collector 8705.

Form (2): Leaves up to 6 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, reddish

beneath when dry; nerves more prominent than in P. lucida; pedicels slender,

-8 to 1-2 in. long; buds ovoid, sometimes flattened, -2 to -3 in. long, rusty-pubescent ;

young fruit oblong conical, tipped by the persistent style; old fruit oblong, over 1 in.

long. P. costata, King MS. in Herb Cale.

Mauacca: Grigith (K.D.) 3605 (part); Maingay (K.D.) 989; Goodenough 1853 ;

Derry 654; Curtis 3644,3660. Prnane: Curtis 1516. Prax: King’s Collector 3734,

4081, 7842, 7957, 10466, 10496, 10978. Panana: Ridley 2672. SrLancor: Good-

enough 10545. Srtneapore: Ridley 3995, 5070, 6508, 11305.

Var. mgra, King & Gamble. Leaves much larger than in the

specimens of true P. lucida, elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex,

more or less rounded at base, undulate on the margins, 6 to 8°95 in.

long, 2°5 to 4 in. broad; main-nerves and intramarginal nerve very

prominent, raised beneath; flower-buds and pedicels often golden-

pubescent. Flowers as in P. lucida.

Perak: Wray 1170; Scortechint.

P. Lowr1ana, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 524, seems to be one

of the varieties of P. lucida or a species allied to it. The following is

Pierre’s description :—

A huge tree. Leaves with petiole -4 in. long; blade 5 in. long,

1:2-1°6 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, glabrous ;

main-veins 24, distant. Frwting peduncles axillary, 1-1-2 in. long,

solitary. Berry oblong, 1:3 in. long by ‘8 in. broad, sub-glabrous,

crowned at the top with the remains of the style. Seed solitary, 1-1 in.

long, °35 in. in diam., erect; hilum lateral, ‘08 in. broad; cotyledons

oblong, attenuate at the apex, °8 in. long by -2 in. broad ; radicle -15 in.

long. P. lucida MS. in Herb. Mus. Par.

Perak: Sir Hugh Low ; St. Pol Lias No. 272.

6. PAYENA DASYPHYLLA, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 527

(1885). A large tree, reaching 80 to 100 feet in height and considerable

girth; branches spreading, branchlets greyish-brown, moderately

thick; innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves membranous;

oblong or elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, often unequal-sided ; acumi-

nate at apex, acute, cuneate or somewhat rounded at base; glabrous

above except on the midrib and near the base, densely ferruginous-

-pubescent beneath, when old nearly glabrous; 4 to 8 in. long, 1°5 to

3 in. broad; midrib thick, pubescent on both surfaces; main-nerves

12 to 16 pairs, unequally spaced, starting at about 60° with the midrib,

produced straight to meet a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary

174 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

nerves rather prominent, reticulations irregular; petiole ‘5 in. long,

thick, densely rusty-pubescent, channelled above; stipules subulate,

rusty-pubescent, short, early caducous. Flowers fascicled, 1 to 3

together, in the axils of the leaves; pedicels thickly rusty-pubescent,.

‘4 to 6 in. long, somewhat enlarged in fruit; buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes

4,2 outer thick, valvate, :3 in. long, triangular-rounded, densely rusty-

pubescent; 2 inner concave, slightly imbricate, -35 in. long, thickly

keeled, scarious on the margins and ciliate, rusty-pubescent around the

keel. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -3 in. long; tube ‘1 in. long,

glabrous ; lobes 8, the 4 outer enclosing the 4 inner but inserted in one:

row, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 16, :175 in. long, inserted on the top of

the tube ; filaments ‘05 in. long, villous ; anthers nearly linear, extrorse,

the connective produced in a ‘05 in. long, blunt or even bifid acumen.

Ovary conical, villous as is the base of the 35 in. long subulate style.

Fruit an ovoid densely tawny-pubescent berry ‘75 to 1 in. long, umbonate

at the tip and crowned with a portion of the style. Seeds :4 to ‘5 in.

long, elliptic-acute ; testa dark brown, shining; hilum narrow; albu-

men thin. Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 51. Isonandra dasyphylla,

Mig. Pl. Jungh. 201 and FI. Ind. Bat. II. 1038; de Vriese Journ. Bot.

Neerl. I. 256.

PERAK: Scortechint 1242; King’s Collector 2611, on Larut Peak at:

3,000 to 3,500 feet.—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

De Vriese says the gutta is only used for adulteration, but that Motley did not.

agree in this belief.

Var. glabrata, King & Gamble. Lower surface of the leaves nearly

glabrous, apex abruptly long-acuminate; pedicels -8 to 1 in. long; fruit,

nearly spherical.

Prrak : Scortechint 5386. SINGAPORE: at Selitar, Ridley 5644.

7. PAYENA SESSILIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); branchlets.

grey, rough, uppermost somewhat angular when dry. Leaves coria-

ceous, sessile; obovate, obtuse or emarginate; glabrous on both surfaces,

margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib promi-.

nent, raised on both surfaces ; main-nerves not prominent on the upper

surface, raised on the lower, about 8 pairs, at about 50° with the midrib,

straight but soon anastomosing with the prominent reticulations which

are also raised on the lower surface; stipules ovate, acute or obtuse,

glabrous, caducous. lowers fascicled, 2 to 3 together, on small

tubercles in the axils of upper leaves; pedicels slender, black, ‘5 in.

long, supported by small hard glabrous bracts. Calyx-lobes in fruit 4,

‘2 in. long, ovate-acute, glabrous; rest of flower not-seen. Frwit a

globose glabrous berry, black when dry, prominently surmounted by the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 175

persistent long curved style; cells apparently 4 to 6. Seeds oblong,

obtuse at top, acute at base, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, rounded on the outer,

straight on the inner side; hilum long, narrow; testa thin crustaceous,

brown ; albumen rather thin ; cotyledons oblong, flat, -15 to -2 in. in

length ; radicle rather large,

Sryaapore: Ridley 5076.

8. Payena optusironiA, King & Gamble,n. sp. A tree; branchlets

stout, greyish-brown, prominently marked by the scars of fallen leaves

and the tubercles of fallen flower fascicles, young branchlets and leaves

rusty-brown in colour. Leaves coriaceous ; clustered at the ends of the

branchlets, obovate or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate or shortly

acute at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; glabrous on the upper

surface, rusty-coloured and sometimes pubescent on the lower; 2°5 to

3 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad ; midrib stout, main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs,

starting at about 60° with the midrib, slightly curving upwards, incon-

spicuous above as are the reticulations; petiole ‘5 to -75 in. long,

channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade Flowers

fascicled, 4 to 8 together (to judge by scars only) in the axils of the

leaves, or of the scars of fallen leaves ; pedicels -5 in. long, clavate,

pubescent ; buds about -3 in. long, truncate. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer

valvate, ovate-acute, ‘3 in. long, pubescent; 2 inner imbricate, ovate,

golden-pubescent on the back, ciliate on the margins. Corolla not seen.

Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous, 8-celled ; style :35 in. long, linear. Fruit

not seen.

Perak: Scortechint 340.

9. PAYENA SELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree (?); branch-

lets dark brown, rough. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; oblong-lanceo

late, acuminate at apex, narrowly attenuate at base, glabrous above,

slightly pubescent on the sides of the midrib beneath ; 4 to 6 in. long,

1 to 1:7 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed and keeled above;

main-nerves about 16 pairs, indistinct, parallel, at about 80° with the

midrib, straight at first, anastomosing near the margin with the

secondary nerves and reticulations, which are visible but not prominent ;

petiole ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, channelled above, enlarged at base. Flowers

fascicled, 2 to 3 together, in the axils of the leaves; pedicels rather

thick, -6 to -8 in. long, striate, appressed rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes

4, outer pair valvate -3 in. long, ovate-acute, thick below, thinner above ;

inner pair ovate, ‘25 in. long, scarious on the margins; both appressed

rusty-pubescent; rest of flower not seen. Ovary pubescent, cylindrical,

depressed at top; fruit immature, seed apparently albuminous, with an

elongated hilum.

SELANGOR: Fidley 7387.

176 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

6. Bassta, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, often

clustered at the ends of the branchlets; stipules caducous. Flowers

fascicled, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves,

pedicellate, pedicels frequently reflexed. Calyx-lobes 4, the 2 outer

usually valvate, enclosing the 2 inner imbricate. Corolla campanulate ;

tube broad; lobes 6 to 12, contorted in bud, erect in flower, imbricate.

Stamens twice the number of the corolla-lobes or more, inserted in one

or more rows on the corolla-tube; filaments usually short; anthers

generally lanceolate, laterally or extrorsely dehiscing; connective

generally produced in an acumen; staminodes none. Ovary villous,

4_19- (usually 6-8-) -celled ; style linear, subulate, more or less elongate.

Fruit a globose or oblong or ovoid berry, few-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid,

usually compressed ; testa crustaceous, shining ; hilum oblong or linear,

conspicuous ; albumen none; cotyledons thick, fleshy ; radicle small.—

Distris. About 40 species, found in India, Ceylon, the Malay Penin-

sula, and Malay Archipelago.

In several of the species the fruit is unknown, and some of these may prove, when

it becomes available, to belong to Payena, which is hardly separable except by the

important character of having albuminous seeds and leafy cotyledons.

We have not followed Baillon and Engler in changing the name of this genus to

Illipe, as we agree in the opinions expressed by Drs. Trimen (‘‘ Flora of Ceylon ”’) and

Cooke (‘‘ Flora of Bombay’’) that the word Illipe was not intended by Konig to be

employed as the name of a genus, but was merely mentioned as being the vernacular

name employed by the natives of Malabar for one of the species.

Flower-buds large, nearly -75 in. long, conical; intramarginal

nerve of leaves prominent; pedicels thick, 1:°5to2in.long .. 1. B. aristulata.

Flower-buds moderately large, about -4 in. long, globose; intra-

marginal nerve present ; pedicels short, about °4 in. long :—

Intramarginal nerve conspicuous; leaves 10 to 14 in. long

Intramarginal nerve faint ; leaves 4 to 6 in. long Be

Flower-buds moderately large, °4 in. long or rather less, conical :-—

Leaves large, over 6 in. long; main-nerves prominent :—

Pedicels over 1 in. long; leaves coriaceous, silky-pubescent

beneath ; main-nerves straight, intramarginal nerve present ;

connective of anthers penicillate .. 4. B. penicillata.

Pedicels under ‘6 in. long; leaves chantaeeenel ee

pubescent beneath; main-nerves curved, no intramarginal

. B, Kingiana.

. B. Kunstleri,

(SS)

nerye ; connective of anthers not penicillate .. .. od. B. malaccensis.

Leaves odeee! sized, under 6 in. long; main-nerves net

prominent 6. B. Curtisit.

Flower-buds small, under 34 in. long, saves coment sop

in many-flowered fascicles :—

Pedicels usually under ‘5 in. long :—

Pedicels and flower-buds densely tawny-pubescent ; connec- -

tive of anthers produced in a long point a5 .. 7. B, laurifolia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 177

Pedicels and flower-buds thinly rusty-pubescent ; connective

of anthers produced in a short ciliate point .. -. 8. B. rupicola.

Pedicels -5 in. long or longer :—

Flowers fascicled in the axils of upper leaves generally,

rarely on old wood below them :—

Leayes glabrous, coriaceous, main-nerves indistinct -. 9. B. perakensis.

Leaves grey-silky-pubescent beneath, almost coriaceous,

main-neryes distinct but not prominent re .. 10. B. argentea.

Leaves only slightly pubescent beneath, chartaceous,

main-nerves very prominent ac . ll. B. Braceana.

Flowers fascicled chiefly in the axils of the scars of fallen

leaves, on old wood :—

Leaves chartaceous, elliptic; main-nerves prominent .. 12. B. longistyla.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong ; main-neryes not prominent :—

Main-nerves of leaves (under 6 in. long) curved up-

wards, but no intramarginal nerve; anther-connective

long-apiculate ae .. 13. B. cuprea.

Main-nerves of leaves (over 6 i in. long) anes in an

intramarginal nerve; anther-connective shortly apicu-

late ts sé ae ae .. 14. B. Motleyana.

SPECIES OF WHICH FLOWERS ARE IMPERFECTLY Known.

Leaves under 5 in. long, obowntes obtuse, greenish-brown when

dry .. .. 15. B. cuneata.

Leaves 5 to 7 in. are ohlonglanesae seeders when

dry .. .. 16. B. penangiana.

Leaves 6 to 8 in. lone: spans oblong, orange-red when dry .. 17. B. erythrophylla-

1. Bassia aristuLATa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree; branchlets

stout, brown, lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous; oblong, shortly and

rather suddenly acute at apex, somewhat rounded unequally and then

decurrent at base; glabrous on both surfaces except on the midrib

beneath; margins slightly recurved; 6 to 10 in. long, 3 to 4 in.

broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above; main-nerves

24 to 28 pairs, conspicuous, parallel, -3 to -4 in. apart, starting at about.

75° with the midrib, scarcely curved, meeting in a conspicuous intra-

marginal looped nerve; reticulations oblique, not prominent; petiole

15 to 2 in. long, grooved above, much thickened below. Flowers

fascicled, about 2 to 6 together, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars

of fallen leaves, on very short tubercles; pedicels thick, 1-5 to 2 in. long,

densely golden-pubescent, flattened under the flower; buds elongate,

conical, nearly -75 in. long. Calyzx-lobes 4, °5 to ‘7 in. long; the 2 outer

valvate, triangular-ovate, pubescent; the 2 inner imbricate, concave,

ovate, pubescent. Corolla-tube short, -2 to 3 in. long, funnel-shaped,

densely pubescent inside ; lobes 8 to 9, oblong-lanceolate, -4 in. long,

pubescent without. Stamens many, up to 36, in 2 or 3 rows, lowest

row about 8 to 9, second row 16 to 18, third row 8 to 9, inserted on the

top of the corolla-tube; filaments very short, pubescent; anthers

178 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

oblong, thin, *2 in. long, opening along their edge; connective black,

prominent, ending in a long sharp awn, the anthers usually twisted

half round. Ovary silky-pubescent, flat at top, style glabrous about

equal to corolla, cells 10 to 12. Frwt not known.

PERAK: at Goping, Scortechim 1984.

Said by Scortechini to give a guttapercha.

2. Bassta Kinetana, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale. A tree, reaching

50 to 60 feet in height, and 10 to 15 in. in diam.; branchlets thick.

Leaves coriaceous, dark green; obovate-oblong, rounded and then

shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on

both surfaces, margins slightly reflexed ; 10 to 14 in. long, 3:5 to 4:5 in.

broad ; midrib very strong, prominent; main-nerves about 20 pairs,

conspicuous, ‘5 to ‘7 in. apart, starting nearly at right angles to the

midrib and curving upwards to meet in a conspicuous intramarginal

looped nerve ; secondary nerves few but prominent; reticulations dis-

tant, not numerous ; petiole 2 in. long, grooved above, swollen at base,

and then conspicuously rugose when dry; stipules subulate-acuminate

from a broad base, very quickly caducous. Flowers fascicled, about

3 to 5 together, on small tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves on

the previous year’s wood; pedicels recurved, thick, ‘4 in. long, enlarged

above, covered as also the calyx with appressed tawny pubescence ;

buds globose, about 4 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, :4 in. in diam.; outer

2 imbricate, rounded emarginate, thick; inner 2 also imbricate, concave,

ciliate on the margins. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, ‘15 in. long, rusty-

hirsute without, pubescent within; lobes 12 to 16, white, much imbri-

cate or in 2 rows, spathulate, ciliate on the margins, hirsute, -25 in.

long. Stamens many, 32 to 36, in 2 rows on the top of the corolla-

tube ; filaments ‘1 in. long, rather stout, densely hirsute ; anthers linear-

oblong, ‘125 in. long; connective produced into a broad appendage,

penicillate at tip, in bud merely aristate. Ovary rounded, villous; style

thick, curved, pubescent, ‘3 in. long, with minute stigmatic lobes ; cells

about 8. Frwt a globose, thickly tawny-pubescent, berry, ‘75 in. in

diam., surmounted by the long subulate persistent style, seeds 1 to 2.

Seed not seen.

PERAK: King’s Collector 3314, 3678, 7389 ; in open jungle at 300 to

500 feet. SitncaporEe: Ridley 6238, 6294.

3. Bassta Kunstieri, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale. A tree with

spreading branches, reaching a height of 30 to 40 feet and 10 to

15 in. in diam.; branchlets slender, grey, innovations rusty-pubescent.

Leaves chartaceous; obovate-oblong or oblong, abruptly acuminate at

apex, acuminate at base, glabrous on both surfaces; 4 to 6 in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. hia

15 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent ; main-nerves 15 to 20

pairs, starting at an angle of about 60° to the midrib and curving upwards

to meet in a faint intramarginal looped nerve; secondary nerves and

reticulations prominent; petiole slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, bordered above

in its upper part by the decurrent margins of the blade, base enlarged,

sometimes twisted. Flowers solitary or fascicled 2 to 3 together in the

axils of the leaves, or above the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels thick,

‘3 to -4 in. long, usually recurved, densely rusty- or golden-pubescent like

the calyx-lobes and fruit ; buds ovoid-orbicular about -4in. long. Calyz-

lobes 4, -4 in. long; outer valvate, ovate-orbicular ; inner imbricate, con-

cave, somewhat emarginate, thin and ciliate on the edges. Corolla

tubular-campanulate ; tube about -125 in. long, glabrous on both sides;

lobes 16, in 2 rows, very much imbricate, shortly spathulate, rounded at

top, fimbriate on the margins, shortly pubescent within, 3-nerved.

Stamens about 32, in 2 rows, mixed with long unicellular brown hairs ;

filaments thick, about 0:5 in. long; anthers oblong, opening by marginal

slits, often twisted half round; connective conspicuous, produced in a

sharp mucro. Ovary rounded, villous; style subulate, °5 to ‘7 in. long;

cells about 8. Fruit an ovoid densely pubescent brown berry, ‘8 to 1 in.

long, 1-2-seeded, surmounted by the persistent style. Seed ovoid,

obliquely pointed below, rounded above, -7 in. long, -4 in. in diam.,

sometimes flattened on one side; testa thin, crustaceous, chestnut-

brown, shining; hilum very large, obovate ; albumen none ; cotyledons

thick, -5 in. long, ovate; radicle small, pointed.

PERAK: on Lartit peak, at 500 to 2,600 feet, King’s Collector, 3241,

3047, 3964, 6410; Wray 2643, 3201; Curtis 3694; Ridley 5536.

4. Bassia penrcinLata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree, reach-

ing 60 feet in height with a girth of 4 feet; ultimate branchlets and

innovations densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; oblong

or somewhat obovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acute at apex,

unequally rounded at base; glabrous above, thickly golden-silky-

pubescent beneath when young, afterwards glabrate ; margins recurved ;

6 to 10 in. long, 2°5 to 3-5 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed

and keeled above; main-nerves 24 to 28 pairs, conspicuous, parallel,

--8 to -5 in. apart in large leaves, starting at about 80° with the midrib,

curved only near the margin to meet in an inconspicuous looped

intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many in large leaves; reticula-

tions oblique, not prominent ; petiole 1-2 to 1:5 in. long, thickened below.

Flowers fascicled, about 1 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves, on very

short rusty-pubescent tubercles; pedicels 1 to 1:2 in. long, slender,

pubescent; buds conical. Calyx-lobes 4, sometimes 5, *4 in. long;

outer pair ovate-acuminate, densely rusty-pubescent, thick; inner pair,

180 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

sometimes 3, ovate acuminate, thinner, pubescent on the back, ciliate

and more or less scarious on the margins. Corolla campanulate, -4 in.

long; tube nearly ‘2 in. long, glabrous outside, densely ferruginous hairy

within in the upper half ; lobes 10 (?), lanceolate, acuminate, as long as.

tube. Stamens 20 in 1 row, but the 10 opposite the corolla-lobes.

behind the 10 alternate with them; filaments -05 in. long, hairy ;.

anthers linear-sagittate, extrorse, the connective produced in a long

penicillate acumen. Ovary rounded, densely hairy, as is the lower

half of the 75 in. long slender style; cells 10. Fruit not known.

Province WELLESLEY: at Tassek Glugor, Curtis 3737, said to be

common. Vern. name ‘“ Minato.”

In its leaves this species greatly resembles B. aristulata, but the slender pedicels,.

smaller flowers, acuminate calyx, and penicillate anthers at once distinguish it..

5. Bassa MALACcENSIs, King & Gamble. A large tree(?); branchlets.

dark brown, rough, with prominent old leaf-scars, innovations nearly

glabrous. Leaves chartaceous or almost membranous; obovate or

obovate-oblong, obtuse or shortly and abruptly acute at apex, cuneate.

at base; glabrous above, sparsely and minutely pubescent beneath

when young, glabrous when old; 6 to 12 in. long, 4 to 6°5 in. broad;

midrib prominent, thick; main-nerves very conspicuous, 14 to 16 pairs,

parallel, in average leaves ‘5 in. apart, in large ones often nearly 1 in.,

starting at an angle of 60° with the midrib, at once curving gently

upwards to and along the margin ; secondary nerves few, reticulations.

mostly transverse, not prominent; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, slightly

bordered above to about half-way down by the decurrent margins of the:

blade, base much swollen, wrinkled. Flowers fascicled 4 to 8 together in

the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, on rather thick

pubescent tubercles; pedicels -4 to °6 in. long, pubescent; buds when

young rounded-conical. Calyx-lobes 4; 2 outer valvate or slightly

imbricate, ovate, bluntly acute or mucronate, rusty-pubescent, -25 in.

long; 2 inner imbricate, ovate-acute, margins sometimes scarious,

sometimes ciliate, back thickly rusty-pubescent, more or less keeled.

Corolla campanulate ; tube very short, rarely -1 in. long, with a short.

ring of hairs at the mouth inside; lobes 10-12, lanceolate, obtuse, sub-

2-seriate, -25 to -3 in. long, glabrous except for a few stiff hairs outside.

Stamens 20 to 24 in 2 rows; the inner almost or quite sessile, alternate:

with the corolla-lobes ; the outer with short densely pubescent filaments,

longer than the inner ones; anthers narrowly lanceolate with long

hairs, opening on the margins; connective produced in a long hair-like

acumen. Ovary hairy, elongate, conical, style -25 in. long. Fruit a

fleshy obovate-oblong berry with somewhat flattened top, surmounted.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 181

by the persistent base of the style and supported by the persistent

calyx-lobes, nearly 1 in. long. Seed 1, oblong, acute at the top,

‘7 in. long, °35 in. broad, and about -3 in. thick; testa shining,

crustaceous, chestnut-brown ; hilum :15 to -2 in. broad; albumen none;

cotyledons thick, inner face somewhat striate; radicle rather large,

inferior. Payena malaccensis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 547.

Keratephorus Wightw, Maingay MS. (not of Hassk.).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3610; Maingay (K.D.) 992. PErax: Wray

1229; Scortechim 314. Stnaarore: Fridley 2082, 2757, 56438, 6042,

6132, 6133, 6498, 6499, 6500, 6531, 8078, 10159.

Wray says this species gives only a sticky gutta in small quantities.

6. Bassta Curtisi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching 40 to

50 feet in height ; branches greyish-brown, strongly marked by the scars

of fallen leaves and the prominent tubercles of fallen flowers, innovations

very slightly rusty-pubescent, thick. Leaves very coriaceous; clustered

at the ends of the branchlets, obovate or sometimes lanceolate-obovate,

obtuse emarginate or very suddenly and shortly blunt-acuminate ;

glabrous on both surfaces, margins strongly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long,

1-25 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent ; main-nerves not promi-

nent, 14 to 15 pairs, at an angle of about 70° with the midrib, °3 to 4 in.

apart, straight, joined near the margin by a looped intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves prominent, reticulations few ; all raised on the under

surface ; petiole -7 to 1 in. long, rather thick, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade, base swollen. Flowers fascicled, many (10 to 12)

together on prominent tubercles in the axils of the scars of fallen leaves

below the leaf-cluster, and covering the branchlets densely for a

distance of about 4 in.; pedicels -25 (buds) to ‘5 (flower) in. long,

somewhat angular, decurved, densely pale tawny-pubescent; buds

ovoid-conical. Calyx-lobes rounded, obtuse, densely tawny-pubescent,

‘2 in. long, the outer pair thick, the inner somewhat keeled, scarious on

the margins. Corolla campanulate, rather longer than the calyx; tube

short, glabrous except for the ring of hairs at the insertion of the

stamens; lobes 8, oblong spathulate, ciliate and hirsute at the tip.

Stamens 16; filaments short, slender, villous ; anthers ovate-acute, the

connective ending in a sharp conical acumen, extrorse. Ovary rounded,

villous ; style thick glabrous, stigmas minute; cells 8. Fruit an oblong

berry, covered without with appressed golden pubescence, ‘5 to °7 in.

long, ‘5 in. broad, crowned with the persistent style and supported by

the persistent calyx; seeds 1-2, placentas thin. Seeds oblong, pointed

at the ends; testa crustaceous, shining; hilum narrow; albumen none;

cotyledons thick, fleshy, radicle small.

182 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PENANG: Curtis 1451, 3536. Perak: Wray 512, Vern. “Gutta

Gannu’”’; Scortechint 1408.

This species comes near both to B. Motleyana, from which it differs in having

more coriaceous leaves, larger flowers, and a pubescent fruit; and to B. cuneata, in

which the leaves (judging from the poor specimens in Kew Herbarium) are thinner

and the fruit larger and nearly glabrous, with more rounded seeds and a broad

hilum. ;

7. Bassia LAuRIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching

60 feet in height and a diam. of 12 to 18 in.; branches spreading ;

branchlets pale brown, rather thick, innovations densely pubescent

with yellowish-tawny hairs. Leaves chartaceous ; obovate-lanceolate,

gradually acuminate at apex, also at base; glabrous on both surfaces

except on the sides of the midrib beneath; 5 to 10 in. long, 1:5 to

3°D in. broad ; midrib prominent, impressed and keeled above; main-

nerves prominent, regular, 14 or 15 pairs, about -3 in. apart, starting at

about 45° with the midrib, gradually curving upwards; reticulations

obliquely transverse, faintly marked; petiole -75 to 1 in. long, slender,

glabrous above, tawny-pubescent at base, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade and marked above by the produced keel of the

midrib; stipules linear-subulate, tawny-pubescent, nearly ‘5 in. long,

very caducous. Flowers fascicled, about 6 together, on hairy tubercles

in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves near the top of

the branchlets; pedicels -4 to ‘5 in. long, usually recurved, densely

tawny-pubescent, thicker in fruit; buds small, conical. Calyz-lobes 4,

about -2 in. long, rather narrowly ovate; the outer pair obtuse; the inner

acute, all densely tawny-pubescent without, glabrous within. Corolla

campanulate; tube ‘05 in. long with aring of hairs at the mouth inside ;

lobes 8, oblong-spathulate, :1 in. long, glabrous. Stamens 14 to 16, -1 in.

long; filaments short, thickly hairy; anthers linear-sagittate, the con-

nective produced in a long sharp acumen. Ovary rounded, glabrous ;

style slender, °3 in. long; cells apparently 8. Frwit a black glabrous

oblong berry about ‘6 to ‘7 in. long and 4 in. broad. Seed 1, ovoid,

*) to ‘6 in. long, slightly compressed ; testa thin, crustaceous, shining,

dark brown; hilum broad; albumen none; cotyledons oblong, fleshy,

about °3 in. long and nearly -2 in. broad ; radicle inferior, rather large.

PERAK: on low ground, King’s Collector 3104, 3718, 3720.

Var. obtusa, King & Gamble. Leaves obtuse with an abrupt

acumen. Calyzx-lobes obtuse, thickened at tip. Corolla-lobes ciliate

at the apex, glandular-striate ; anthers and produced connective very

hirsute.

PENANG: Curtis 159, 2254, 3589—a small tree, fairly common.

Var. parvifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves smaller than in type;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 183

innovations not tawny-pubescent. Calyx-lobes more rounded and

glabrous ; pedicels longer.

KepaH: on Kedah Peak, Ridley 5506.

Ridley’s No. 2673 from Tahan Woods, Pahang, is very near B. laurifolia, but the

pedicels are much longer and the calyx-lobes not tawny-pubescent. The material is

insufficient for description.

8. Bassta RuPIcoLA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree reaching 40 to

60 feet in height and 15 to 20 in. in diam.; branchlets dark grey,

marked by the prominent scars of fallen leaves, innovations puberulous;

leaf-bud scales ovate-lanceolate, ‘25in. long. Leaves coriaceous; obovate-

oblong, bluntly acute at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; dull and

glabrous on both surfaces ; 3°5 to 5:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad ; midrib

thick, conspicuous ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of

45° with the midrib, then curving upwards, sometimes rather indistinct,

about -4 in. apart; reticulations many, obscure, obliquely transverse ;

petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, grooved above and bordered by the decurrent

base of the blade, swollen below. Flowers fascicled, about 5 together,

in the axils of the leaves, on small tubercles; pedicels ‘15 in. long,

ferruginous-pubescent like the calyx and buds. Calyx-lobes 4, 2 outer

valvate; 2inner valvate or imbricate, ovate, -2 to°25 in. long; all more or

less recurved and ciliate at tip. Corolla tubular-campanulate, lobes and

tube nearly equal, mouth of tube inside with a ring of soft ferruginous

hairs; lobes oblong, ciliate at tip, sparsely hairy without, nerves spreading.

Stamens 16, inserted above the ring of hairs in the mouth of the tube ;

filaments slender, :05 in. long, pubescent ; anthers ovate-mucronate, tip

ciliate, extrorse. Ovary ovoid; style curved, ‘3 in. long, stigma flat,

minute. Fyrwt not seen.

PrERAK: in rocky creeks on Gunong Batu at 1,500 to 2,000 feet,

King’s Collector 7411.

9. BassIA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching

60 to 80 feet in height and a considerable girth; branchlets thick,

dark grey, prominently marked by the scars of fallen leaves and the

- tubercles on which the flower fascicles grew. Leaves coriaceous; oblong

or obovate-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, acuminately

narrowed at base; margins recurved, glabrous on both surfaces; 4 to

6 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent ; main-nerves

slender, indistinct, 14 to 18 pairs, starting at an angle of 50° with the

midrib, parallel, straight at first, arching near the margin to join in an

intra-marginal looped nerve which is also met by the secondary nerves

between the main ones; reticulations faintly marked on both surfaces ;

petiole -75 to 1 in. long, rather thick, bordered above by the decurrent

184 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

margins of the blade, swollen below. lowers in fascicles of up to 10

to 12, on tubercles in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of fallen

leaves on the previous year’s wood; pedicels ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, slender,

flattened below the flowers, densely pubescent at first, afterwards nearly

glabrous, recurved in fruit; buds small, conical. Calyx-lobes 4,:2 in. long;

2 upper ovate-acute, densely pubescent, valvate ; 2 lower imbricate, also

densely pubescent, ciliate on the margins, somewhat keeled, ovate-

acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes 8, throat villous. Stamens about

16; filaments short glabrous; anthers sagittate. Ovary globose, villous,

8-celled, style -3 to 4 in. long, stigma minutely lobed. Fruit an ovoid

densely pubescent berry about ‘7 to ‘9 in. in diam., crowned by the

persistent style; seeds 1-2. Seed ovoid-oblong, °65 in. by ‘35 in., acute

at base ; testa shining, chestnut-brown, thin, crustaceous; hilum large,

oblong ; albumen none; cotyledons oblong, °45 in. long, ‘25 in. broad,

radicle very small.

PERAK: King’s Collector 512, 3846; Curtis 3695, on the Larut hill

up to 2,500 feet.

10. Bassia arGeNTEA, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 545 (1882)

(not of de Vriese). A large tree; branchlets rather thick, greyish-brown.

Leaves coriaceo-chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acumi-

nate at apex, acute and often unequal at base; glabrous above, shining

grey-silky beneath when young, nearly glabrous when old; 4 to 7 in.

long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, thick; main-nerves 13 to

15 pairs, about -4 in. apart, starting at about 60° with the midrib, at.

first straight then curving upwards; reticulations many, very oblique ;

petiole 1 in. long, upper part bordered by the decurrent margin of the

blade, swollen below and rugose. lowers fascicled in clusters of 6 to

10 in the axils of the leaves, or above the sears of fallen leaves; pedicels

slender, about *5 in. long, appressed-pubescent; buds conical. Calyx-

lobes 4, outer and inner pairs both valvate ; lobes ovate, *2 to -25in. long,

acute, pubescent. Corolla tubular-campanulate, tube ‘1 in. long; lobes

8 to 9, :15 in. long, linear-oblong. Stamens usually 24, in 3 rows, inserted

on the top of the tube on a ring of rusty hairs; filaments very small or

none; anthers ovate, densely hirsute, black-apiculate. Ovary rounded,

depressed above, villous; style ‘2 to ‘3 in. long, villous half-way up,

subulate ; stigma capitate ; cells 8 to 10. Frust not seen.

Maxacca: Maingay (K.D.) 991, 1524; Derry 941.

Bassia argentea, de Vriese, seems to be a Sideroxylon, cf. Burck & Koord. & Val.

11. Bassta Braceana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree with spreading

branches, reaching 50 to 70 feet in height and 10 to 20 in. in diam. ;

branchlets pale brown. Leaves chartaceous; bright green, glossy,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 185

oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate both at apex and at base ; glabrous

above, minutely pubescent on the nerves or in the axils of the nerves

beneath; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed

above ; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, regular, parallel, conspicuous, about

‘4 in. apart, starting at about 60° with the midrib, arching upwards to

join near the margin; reticulations oblique, slender but conspicuous,

joining the main-nerves more or less horizontally ; petiole ‘8 to 1-4 in.

long, grooved above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the

blade, thickened and somewhat curved below. Flowers fasciculate,

usually 4 to 7 together, in the axils of the leaves, or above the scars of

fallen leaves on the last year’s wood below ; pedicels 4 to ‘6 in. long,

thickened above, otherwise slender, slightly pubescent. Calyzx-lobes 4,

15 to -25 in. long; 2 outer opposite ovate rounded, enclosing the 2

inner concaye rounded; sometimes ciliate on the margins, sometimes

slightly emarginate, all more or less golden-pubescent without, enlarged

after flowering. Corolla cream-coloured ; tube cylindrical, short, about

“1 in. long only; lobes more or less spreading, 8 to 9, linear-oblong, 2 in.

long, slightly twisted. Stamens 16 to 18, in 2 rows, inserted on the

top of the tube inside above a thick ring of tawny hairs; filaments very

short; anthers ovate-lanceolate, strigosely hirsute, the connective

ending in a long dark acumen. Ovary globose, glabrous; style -15 in,

long, stigmas very minute; cells about 8. Frit an oblong green fleshy

berry, ‘8 to 1 in. long, crowned by the remains of the style; seed

usually 1 only. Seed ovoid, flattened, -8 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, and

-25 in. thick; testa chestnut-brown, shining, crustaceous; hilum elongate,

pale, conspicuous ; albumen none; cotyledons thick, -5 to ‘6 in. long,

ovoid, somewhat acute ; radicle minute.

Penane: Curtis 3063. Perak: King’s Collector 1846, 3195, 3275,

3740, 6447, 7584, 10412; Scortechin 314, 1483; Wray 1775, 2613,

2694. ;

Var. lanceolata, King & Gamble. Leaves narrower, more lanceolate-

acuminate; main-nerves closer. Flowers more numerous in the

fascicles and fascicles more numerous on the last year’s wood.

Corolla-lobes often unequal in length, acute. Anthers with the

~ acumen bifid.

PERAK: Wray 189, 1248, up to 3,400 feet.

13. Bassia LoneistyLa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree,

reaching 80 to 100 feet in height; branchlets thick, dark greyish-

brown, innovations minutely pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic,

shortly and rather abruptly acuminate at both apex and base; glabrous

on both surfaces; 3°5 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender ; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, leaving the midrib almost at right

186 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

angles and curving upwards to meet near the margin; secondary

nerves somewhat prominent as are the reticulations; petiole -6 to ‘8 in.

long, slender, grooved above. lowers fascicled, often up to 10 together,

on tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves on the last year’s wood ;

pedicels slender, glabrous, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long. Calyx-lobes 4, -15 to -2 in.

long, ovate, somewhat acute, somewhat pubescent outside, the 2 outer

enclosing the 2 inner. Corolla with very short (-05 in. long) cylindrical

tube; lobes 8 to 9, rather spreading, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or

emarginate, prominently nerved, glabrous. Stamens 16 to 18, -2 in.

long, inserted in 2 rows on the top of the tube above a short ring of

tawny hairs; filaments :125 in. long, slender; anthers ovate, -075 in.

long, apiculate, extrorse. Ovary cylindrical, style ‘5 in. long, sur-

mounted by a minute rounded stigma. Frwit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 2680. Sincarorre: Radley 6498 (?).

This species comes very near to B. Braceana, but the anthers differ so much that

we hesitate to join them.

13. Bassia cupreA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree reaching 60 to

70 feet in height ; branchlets thick, brown, uppermost somewhat angular.

Leaves coriaceous; oblong, obtuse or emarginate at apex, attenuate at

base and somewhat unequal; glabrous above, sparsely hairy on the

nerves beneath, otherwise glabrous; 4°5 to 6 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in.

broad; of a coppery-brown colour when dry; midrib very thick and

prominent ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50°

with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the margin; reticulations

visible but not strong; petiole thick, ‘75 to 1 in. long, bordered above

by the decurrent margin of the blade. Flowers fasciculate in the axils of

the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves, 2 to 5 or more in a fascicle,

fragrant ; pedicels -5 in. long, pubescent; buds conical, -3 in. long.

Calyz-lobes 4, -25 in. long; 2 outer valvate, broadly ovate, shortly

pubescent ; 2 inner rounded concave, shallowly emarginate, ciliate and

scarious on the margins, pubescent without. Corolla ‘4 in. long; tube

funnel-shaped, -1 in. long, mouth densely brown-hirsute; lobes 8-9,

erect or spreading, -3 in. long, oblong, rounded at apex, long brown-

silky-pubescent on back, strigosely hairy within. Stamens 18 to 22,

inserted on the mouth of the tube; filaments hairy, -05 in. long;

anthers ovate-acuminate, -15 in. long, the connective produced in a

long tually curved acumen, strigosely hirsute. Ovary oblong, glabrous, —

8-10-celled, ending in a style ‘5 in. long surmounted by a minutely

9-10-lobed flat stigma. Fruit not seen.

Perak: Scortechim 1879.

This species comes near to B. Motleyana, Clarke, but the flowers are much larger

and different.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 187

14. Bassta Morneryana, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 546.

(1882). An erect lofty tree of swampy places; branchlets dark brown,

marked by prominent leaf-scars. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, shortly and

abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, the two sides sometimes

unequal ; glabrous on both surfaces ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad ;

midrib prominent, raised above; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregularly

spaced, generally at about an angle of 60° with the midrib, meeting near

the margin in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves prominent,

similar to the main-nerves, reticulations few; petiole ‘8 to 1-2 in. long,

rather thick, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers

fascicled, many together (10 to 12), in the axils of the leaves or of the

sears of fallen leaves below the terminal tuft, often fully clothing

the branchlets for a distance of 6 in. or more; pedicels slender, -4 to

‘7 in. long, buds ovoid. Calyx-lobes 4, -15 to :2 in. long, ovate, obtuse

or somewhat acute, sparsely pubescent, the inner pair somewhat

scarious on the margins. Corolla campanulate, -15 to ‘2 in. long;

tube short, about 4 of the whole; lobes 8, 4 outer enclosing 4 inner,

oblong-spathulate, obtuse at tip and ciliately ferruginous-pubescent.

Stamens 16, inserted on the top of the tube on a ring of long ferruginous.

hairs ; filaments short, slender ; anthers ovate-lanceolate, short-apiculate.

Ovary rounded, villous, 6-8-celled ; style 5 in. long, thick, sparsely

pubescent. F'rwit an obovoid glabrous berry, acute at top and

furnished with the remains of the persistent style; calyx-lobes also

persistent; ‘5 in. long, ‘3 in. broad, 1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong, acute at

both ends; testa crustaceous, shining; albumen none; cotyledons

fleshy; radicle small. Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 44. Isonandra

Motleyana, de Vriese in Mig. Journ. Bot. Neerl. I. (1861) 257.

Mataccea: Griffith (K.D.) 3608; Derry 1026. JoHorE: Ridley 6496.

SinGAporRE: Fiidley 5645, 5896.—Distris. Borneo (fide Burck).

De Vriese says the milky juice gives a gutta of bad quality, being more waxy and

fragile than that of other kinds.

Var. Scortechinu, King & Gamble. Leaves much larger, 6 to 8 in.

long, 2°5 to 3°5 in, broad, main-nerves 15 or 16 pairs. Frwt nearly

globose—a dark green berry, shining when dry.

ParRak: Scortechim, at Port Weld, No. 1550; King’s Collector 5454,

6735, on low, wet ground—a tree reaching 60 to 80 feet in height and

15 to 20 in. in diam.

15. Bassia cungata, Bl. Bijdr. 675. A tree (?); branchlets dark

brown, scarred, rather thick. Leaves coriaceous; clustered at the

ends of the branchlets, greenish-brown when dry, obovate, obtuse-

emarginate or very shortly and abruptly acute at apex, cuneate at base;

188 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous, margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad;

midrib stout, prominent, impressed above; main-nerves not prominent,

about 20 pairs, nearly at right angles to the midrib, anastomosing near

the margin with the secondary nerves ; reticulations transverse ; petiole

‘6 to 1 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers in axillary fascicles as long as the petiole, not seen. Fruit a

globose berry °75 to 1 in. in diam., 1-3-seeded. Seeds °5 to -7 in. long,

‘5 in. broad and thick, ovoid, not compressed, pointed at both ends;

testa crustaceous, chestnut-brown, shining; hilum very broad (-4 in.);

albumen none; cotyledons fleshy, semi-ellipsoidal. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

IT. 1041; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 199 ;' Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI.

546; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 154.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 986. Singapore: fiidley 6502.—

Distris. Java.

16. Bassta PENANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ tree(?);

branchlets dark grey. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, acutely

attenuate at both ends; glabrous, greyish-green when dry; 5 to

7 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib broad, conspicuous, impressed

above and then keeled; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at an

angle of about 50° with the midrib and curved upwards to and along

the margin ; reticulations transverse, raised above; petiole 1 to 1-2 in.

long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade, swollen at base;

stipules very small, ovate, pubescent, caducous. lowers in fascicles of

about 5 to 6 in the axils of the leaves; pedicels slender, -4 to °5 in.

long, appressed rusty-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 4, ovate, obtusely

acuminate, recurved, *2 in. long, lower half thick, wrinkled, upper

half thinner, somewhat scarious, sparsely appressed golden-pubescent.

Corolla tubular-campanulate, -25 in. long; lobes 8 (?), oblong-spathulate,

glabrous within, golden-pubescent without; tube rather shorter than

lobes. Stamens 16(?), inserted in a ring of hairs on the top of the

tube; filaments slender; anthers linear-oblong, hirsute, the connective

produced in a rather long, somewhat blunt, penicillate mucro. Ovary

conical, glabrous; style slender, ‘3 in. long; cells 8.

PEeNnane : Curtis 1450.

17. Bassia ERYTHROPHYLLA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree, 40 to

50 feet in height and 1 foot in diam. ; branchlets thick, grey, marked

with the scars of fallen leaves and the tubercles of fallen flowers.

Leaves coriaceous: obovate-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate at

apex, unequally attenuate at base; glabrous, orange-red when dry,

margins slightly recurved; 6 to 8 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad;

midrib thick, prominent below, impressed above ; main-nerves 10 to 12

pairs, rather irregular, starting at an angle of 60° from the midrib and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 189

curved upwards to and along the margin; reticulations transverse,

prominent, raised beneath ; petiole 1°5 to 2 in. long, thickened at base,

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, younger ones

golden-pubescent ; stipules linear-subulate, -3 to -4 in. long, quickly

eaducous. flowers fascicled, about 5 to 6 together, on raised tubercles

above the scars of fallen leaves on year-old wood; pedicels in fruit

thick, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, golden-pubescent. Calyzx-lobes 4, in fruit ovate-

‘acute or rounded, densely golden-pubescent on both surfaces, thick ;

rest unknown. fruit a globose, golden-pubescent, berry somewhat

depressed at top and bearing the remains of the persistent style,

*O to ‘6 in. in diam. Seed not seen.

PenanG : at Highlands, Curtts 3652 (Kew) or 5652 (Calc.).

7. PALAguium, Blanco.

Trees, often of great size and containing a milky juice. Leaves

usually coriaceous, obovate or oblong, petioled, entire, sometimes

covered beneath with a dense silky or tawny pubescence. Flowers

fasciculate, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen

leaves, pedicellate. Calyx of 6 lobes, the outer 3 valvate, the inner 3

imbricate. Corolla usually campanulate, tube short; lobes 6, imbricate,

often contorted in bud. Stamens 12 or more (up to 18), opposite to and

alternate with the corolla-lobes, those alternate often shorter and some-

times inserted higher up the tube; anthers ovate-lanceolate, dehiscence

extrorse, connective produced; staminodes none. Ovary villous, 6-celled;

style subulate. Fruit a fleshy, ovoid or ellipsoid, berry, 1-2-seeded.

Seeds large, exalbuminous; the testa crustaceous; cotyledons thick,

fleshy ; radicle pointed, inferior.—Distr1s. About 50 to 60 species,

found in South India, Ceylon, Eastern Bengal, Burma, the Malay

Peninsula and Archipelago, the Philippines, and Samoa (1 sp.).

Dicuorsis, Thw. in. Gen. Pl. II. 658.

Pedicels never over -75 in. long, distributed for some distance

down the upper branchlets :-—

Leaves large, 5 to 12 in. long, obovate-obtuse; branchlets

stout, nearly °5 in. thick :—

Leaves nearly glabrous and glaucescent beneath, main-

nerves distant, irregular ze ae .. L. P. obovatum.

Leaves ferruginous-pubescent or -tomentose beneath,

main-nerves fairly close and regular :—

Leaves appressed-pubescent beneath, midrib glabrous

on upper surface .. se oa -. 2. P. Maingayi.

Leaves spreading-tomentose beneath, midrib hairy on

upper surface -- ee ae .. 3. P. Clarkeanum.

Leaves rarely over 6 in. long, branchlets rarely -25 in.

thick :—

Leaves always more or less obovate :—

190 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves golden-silky-pubescent beneath :—

Main-neryes close, over 20 pairs -. 4. P. Guita.

Main-nerves about 4 in. apart, under 20 “kes .. 5. P. Oxleyanum.

Leaves not or only very slightly silky-pubescent

beneath :—

Leaves conspicuously red or yellow when dry .. 6. P. canthochymum.

Leaves not conspicuously red or yellow when dry,

usually brown or greenish-brown :—

Leaves over 3 in. long 7. P. bancanum.

Leaves 2 to 3 in. long Hi .. 8. P. Ridleyi.

Leaves under 2in.long .. Mc -. 9. P. microphyllum.

Leaves elliptic, not obovate :—

Produced connective of anthers bifid at point; leaves

glabrous .. . 10. P. hexandrum.

Produced ooenbette of seaany eagle at iat eaves

grey-pubescent beneath 36 . 11. P. Herveyi.

Pedicels 1 in. long or longer, clustered only at the minnie pate

of the branchlets ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 in. long .. 12. P. stellatum.

1. Panagurum opoyatum, King & Gamble. A big tree with a foxy -

odour (Ridley), evergreen; the branches thick, brown, marked by the

very prominent scars of fallen leaves; leaves clustered towards the

ends of the branchlets; innovations rusty-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;

obovate-cuneate or obovate-oblong, obtuse or very shortly acute at

apex, cuneate at base; recurved and somewhat undulate on the

margins ; glabrous above, glaucescent beneath; 5 to 12 in. long, 2

to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, impressed above, much raised

beneath ; main-nerves about 12 pairs, at an angle of 40° to 40° with the

midrib, inconspicuous above, raised and prominent beneath; reticulations

many, oblique, obscure; petiole thick, ‘7 to 1 in. long, bordered above

by the decurrent margins of the blade, glabrescent or slightly rusty-

pubescent. lowers in clusters in the axils of the leaves or on tubercles

above the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels 3 to 5 together, °3 to ‘5 in.

long, rusty-pubescent; buds at first globose, afterwards elongate by

the growth of the corolla. Calyxz-lobes 6; outer 3 triangular-ovate,

thick, pubescent outside, -15 in. long; inner 3 imbricate, ovate-obtuse,

‘1 in. long, margins scarious. Corolla campanulate ; tube very short ;

lobes 6, imbricate and twisted, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous without, slightly

pubescent within. Stamens 12, the 6 longer opposite to, the 6 shorter

alternate with, the lobes of the corolla, ovate lanceolate, apiculate,

thickly rusty-villous; filaments as long as anthers, slender, glabrous.

Ovary globose; style ‘5 in. long, subulate, glabrous. Fyrwit a globose

berry, ‘75 to 1 in. in diam., pulp fleshy, seeds 1 to 2. Seed ovoid,

scarcely flattened on one side, pointed at base; testa thin, shining;

albumen none, cotyledons fleshy. Dichopsis obovata, Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. i. 542. Jsonandra obovata, Griff. Notul. iv. 293; Kurz

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 191

For. Fl. II. 120 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 230. Bassia?

hypoleuca, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 582 (fide Kurz).

Penane: Holmberg 783. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3606; Maingay

(K.D.) 985, 996 ; Curtas 3480, 3481, 3482 ; Hervey 2754 ; Derry 59, 88;

Fiidley 10079 ; Goodenough 1994. Stnaapore: T. Anderson 122; Ridley.

—Distris. Tenasserim, Sumatra.

Curtis says it gives a low class bastard gutta of little value. Vern. ‘‘ Niato bunga ”

“¢ Niato tunbaga ” ‘‘ Niato balam.”’

2. Pataguium Maineayi, King & Gamble. A tree; stems reach-

ing 60 feet in height and 10 to 15 in, in diam.; branchlets dark

brown, rough, about ‘4 in. in diam., marked by the large scars of fallen

leaves; innovations densely short-rusty-pubescent. Leaves charta-

ceous; Obovate, obtuse at apex, cuneate or slightly rounded and more or

less auricled at base; margins recurved; glabrous above except on

midrib, thickly ferruginous-pubescent beneath; 5 to 13 in. long, 3 to

7 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, prominent beneath, main-

nerves 12 to 20 pairs, -5 to °8 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 55°

with the midrib, parallel to near the margin and then curving upwards

to join in a marginal nerve; reticulations not prominent, obliquely join-

ing the main-nerves; petiole 1 to 1°5 in. long, thickly rusty-pubescent,

channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade; stipules

subulate faleate, 5 in. long, very caducous. lowers fasciculate, up to

10 together, in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves ;

pedicels ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6; outer 3 valvate,

ovate, densely pubescent, -15 in. long; inner 3 imbricate, orbicular,

depressed at top, scarious and ciliate on the margins, ‘15 in. long.

Corolla campanulate ; tube short (:1 in.) ; lobes 6, imbricate, overlapping

to the right, ovate-oblong, glabrous, -25 to -35 in. long. Stamens 12,

‘25 in. long, opposite to and alternate with corolla-lobes; anthers ovate,

apiculate, slightly rusty-hirsute behind; filaments as long as anthers,

slender. Ovary rounded; style ‘2 to ‘4 in. long, subulate; cells 6. Prut

a shining, green, fleshy berry, about °5 in. long, supported by the per-

sistent calyx. Seeds 2, oblong; testa dark brown, crustaceous ; albumen

none. Dichopsis Maingayt, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. III. 543.

Perak: Wray 524, 553, 2215, up to 2,000 feet ; King’s Collector 6644.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 996/2; Hervey.

P. Ottolanderi, Koord. & Val. of Java is near this species, but is readily dis-

tinguished by its larger flowers and long pointed fruit.

3. Panaquium CLARKEANUM, King & Gamble. A large tree, with

thick rough bark and spreading branches, reaching 100 to 150 feet in

192 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

height and 2 to 4 feet in diam. of stem; branchlets stout, uppermost

‘5 in. in diam., prominently pitted with the scars of fallen leaves, densely

ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous ; obovate, obtuse at apex,

cuneate at base; glabrous above except on the midrib which is strongly

pubescent, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath; margins recurved ;

8 to 10 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad; midrib very thick; main-nerves 18

to 22 pairs, rather irregular, starting at about 70° to 80° with the midrib,

straight at first then arching at and along the margin, impressed above;

reticulations obliquely transverse, prominent; petiole ‘7 to 1 in. long,

thick, densely ferruginous-tomentose, enlarged at base. Flowers not

seen. Fruit an oblong, glossy, bright green berry, 2 in. long, 1-seeded.

Seed oblong, acute at both ends, rounded on the back, flattened at the

hilum, 1:2 in. long, ‘5 in. broad; testa thin, chartaceous, shining,

chestnut-brown ; hilum oblong; cotyledons oblong, fleshy. Dzchopsis

Clarkeana, Brace MS. in Herb. Cale.

Perak: at Waterfall Hill, 600 feet, Wray 580; on open hills near

Lartt at 500 to 1,000 feet, King’s Collector 3796.

Wray says the gutta it gives is not enough in quantity to be worth extraction. The.

tree is evidently closely allied to P. Maingayi, and might almost be made a variety

of that species.

"4. Pataguium Gutta, Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 24, t. IV.

(1885). A large evergreen tree; branchlets rough, prominently marked

with the scars of fallen leaves and with longitudinal wrinkles ;

innovations minutely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;,

obovate or obovate-oblong, abruptly and usually shortly acuminate

at apex rarely rounded, cuneate at base; margins slightly recurved ;

glabrous above, densely appressed-golden-silky-pubescent beneath

especially when young, when old glabrescent; 3 to 5 in. long, 1°5

to 2:5 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above; main-nerves

24 to 30 pairs, indistinct, starting at rather more than 60° with the

midrib, parallel and arching only close to the margin; secondary

nerves and reticulations inconspicuous, the latter very oblique; petiole

1 to 1:5 in. long, slender, grooved above, slightly thickened at base,

appressed-golden-pubescent. Flowers in fascicles of about 4 to 5, in

the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen leaves on the previous.

year’s wood; pedicels thick, -1 to ‘2 in. long, somewhat angular,

densely golden-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 6; 3 outer valvate, triangular-

ovate, ‘3 in. long; 3 inner imbricate, rather longer and more acute,

golden-pubescent without. Corolla rotate-campanulate ; tube shorter

than the calyx; lobes 6, ovate, obtuse, imbricate and twisted at first,

afterwards spreading, ‘25 in. long, glabrous. Stamens 12, opposite to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 193

and alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted at the top of the tube ; fila-

ments equal, slender, ‘1 in. long; anthers shorter than the filaments, ovate,

extrorse, the connective produced in a broad point. Ovary sub-globose,

slightly pubescent, 6-celled; ovules oblong, one in each cell; style

*4 to ‘5 in. long, filiform; stigma obtuse. Mruit a 1—-2-seeded berry,

‘6 to ‘7 in. in diam., ovoid, acute at top; pulp very glutinous, hard.

Seeds oblong, rounded at the ends; hilum very large, elliptic, occupying

about one-half of the surface; testa shining. Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn.

Par. I. 498; Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 135, fig. 71; Baill.

Hist. des Pl. XI. fig. 296. Dichopsis Gutta, Benth. in Gen. Pl. IT. 658;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 5438. ILsonandra Gutta, Hook. Lond.

Journ. Bot. VI. 463 t.16; Walp. Ann. i. 496; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

1038 t. XXXVI.; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 167.

PENANG: Curtis 780, 3535, 3582, 3633, 3635. Prrak: Wray 522.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 983. Diypines: Hallifax (Curtas 3639).

Sincarore: Lobb 290; Ridley 9519, 11320.

The true guttapercha tree, perhaps the most valuable of all the trees of the

Peninsula. It gives the ‘‘Taban” Gutta or ‘‘Taban Merah.” It has become very

scarce in a wild state, but is now being much planted, so perhaps it may soon again

become common (see also H. C. Hill, Reports on Forest Conservancy in the Straits

Settlements and the Federated Malay States, and Burn-Murdoch in “ Indian Forester,”

XXXI. 309, ‘‘Some Facts about Gutta Percha.”) Ridley, in Trans. Linn. Soc. II.

(1893), 317, says the tree was seen by him in several places in the Tahan woods, and

that a considerable amount of guttapercha is collected there.

Var. oblongifolia. A large tree; stem reaching 80 feet in height

and up to 2 feet in diam. Leaves larger than in the typical form,

obovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong; longer, abruptly acuminate,

reaching 7 in. in length and 3 in. in breadth, rather more con-

spicuously golden-pubescent. Flowers similar but a little larger,

pedicels a little shorter. Fruit rather larger, less acute at top. P.

oblongifoluwm, Burck in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit. V. 25 tab. V. Isonandra

Gutta var.| oblongifolia, de Vriese, Tuinbouw Flora (1856), III. 226,

Isonandra Gutta, var. B. swmatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 1038,

-and Suppl. 581.

PERAK: Curtis 3637, 3725; Wray 535; Murton; King’s Collector

6475. JoHorE: Curtis 3632—in open forest in the hills at 500 to

1,000 feet.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo. Gives guttapercha like the

type.

We are unable to find sufficient characters for separating this, as a species, from

P. Gutta, as is done by Burck. The specimens available seem to point to a regular

series of intermediates, so that it can scarcely be even maintained as a variety. It is

possible that P. malaccense and P. formosum, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 498,

are both forms of P. Gutta, but we have seen no specimens. SBeccari in ‘‘ Nelle

194 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Foreste di Borneo,” p. 558, suggests the identity of the latter species with P.

oblongifolium.

5. Pauaguium Oxueyanum, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. I. 498

(1885), non Burck. A large tree; branchlets dark brown, marked by

prominent scars of fallen leaves; innovations minutely ferruginous-

pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-obovate, abruptly and shortly

acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base ; glabrous above, densely

appressed-golden-pubescent beneath, finally glabrate, margins recurved;

5 to 8 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, thick, impressed

above; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, irregular, sometimes branched, -4 to

‘5 in. apart, starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved

near the margin to meet in a rather faint looped intramarginal nerve; -

secondary nerves few; reticulations few, horizontally transverse ;

petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, somewhat thickened at base, minutely rusty-

pubescent, channelled above and bordered for some distance by the

decurrent margins of the blade; stipules minute, falcate, caducous.

‘Calyz-lobes 6; 3 outer rather thicker than 3 inner, ovate, sub-acute,

densely ferruginous-pubescent, °25 in. long. Fruit a nearly globose

berry, 1 in. long and about -75 in. in diam. Seeds oblong; testa

shining, crustaceous. Duichopsis pustulata, Hemsl. in Herb. Kew.

Prenane: Curtis 3582. Prax: Curtis 3631, 3638, 3724—on the

hills up to 2,500 feet; Wray 511 (part), 590; Douglas; Phillips.

SELANGOR: Curtis 3763, 3764. Sincapore: Maingay (K.D.) 983 (the

No. 1948 quoted by Pierre) ; Jas. Collins (a pustulate form apparently

diseased).

This species gives apparently the ‘“‘ taban sutra” or ‘‘taban putih”’ guttapercha,.

which is not one of the best quality.

Var. glabrata King & Gamble. Leaves smaller, about 1:5 in. broad,

glabrate beneath, zarely slightly golden-pubescent; fruit oblong;

branchlets grey, very rough with scars of fallen leaves and flowers.

Perak: Wray 511 (part), 518.

P. Oxleyanum, Burck Ann. Jard. Buit. v. (1886) 33, is a different plant altogether

(see Teysmann’s specimen in Herb. Kew).

6. PALAQUIUM XANTHOCHYMUM, Pierre ex Burckin Ann. Jard. Buit. V.

30 (1885). <A large handsome tree ; the stem reaching 80 to 120 feet in

height and 2:5 to 3 feet in diam.; branchlets dark brown, innovations

rusty-pubescent; leaf-bud scales lanceolate, ciliate, about -1 in. long.

Leaves coriaceous, glossy-green; obovate, obtuse and often emarginate

at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, margin recurved,

reddish when dry; 2°5 to 4 in, long, 1:5 in. broad; midrib prominent,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 195

impressed above ; main-nerves obscure, about 12 to 14 pairs at about 60°

with the midrib; reticulations scarcely visible; petiole :5 to ‘6 in. long,

channelled above by the decurrent margins of the blade; stipules

ovate, ciliate, very small, caducous. Flowers fascicled, up to 8 together,

in the axils of the leaves or of the scars below them; pedicels slender,

recurved, ‘2 in. long; buds very small, conical. Calyx-lobes 6, :1 in.

long; 3 outer valvate, 3 inner imbricate, ovate-acute, rusty-pubescent.

Corolla campanulate, *3 in. long, tube short; lobes 6, imbricate, oblong,

blunt. Stamens 12, inserted on the top of the tube; filaments stout,

curved; anthers ovate-sagittate, mucronate, extrorse. Ovary rounded,

glabrous ; style -1 in. long, subulate. F7rwit an ovoid berry, glabrous.

Isonandra xanthochyma, de Vriese Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXI. 311,

and Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl. i. 259. Dichopsis rubens, Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 548.

PERAK: King’s Collector 7288—on low ground and rich soil.

Mauacca : Maingay (K.D.) 995. Sinearore: Cantley 63; Ridley 3774.

—Distris. Borneo.

Produces a guttapercha of a yellowish colour and second quality (de Vriese).

7. Panuaguium BANCANUM, Burck in Ann. Jard. Buit. V. 43 (1885).

A very large evergreen tree; stems reaching 80 to 100 feet (Curtis),

100 to 120 feet (Kunstler) in height, with a girth of 10 to 12 feet;

branchlets rough, prominently marked with the scars of fallen leaves,

upper branchlets and innovations slightly but minutely rusty-pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous ; clustered at the ends of the branchlets, obovate

or obovate-oblong, abruptly and very shortly acute at the otherwise

rounded apex, cuneate at base; margins slightly recurved; glabrous

on both surfaces, the lower with very minute glandular scales; 3 to 4

in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above;

main-nerves very obscure, about 14 to 16 pairs, inclined at nearly

70° to midrib and at first parallel, afterwards arching, reticulations

very faint; petiole -7 to 1 in. long, edged above with the decurrent.

margins of the blade, glabrous. Flowers fasciculate, clustered about

_ 2 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves or of the scars of fallen

leaves, often on a length of as much as 4 to 5 in. of the branchlet ;

pedicels and calyx minutely ferruginous-pubescent ; pedicels -1 to -15 in.

long, thick. Calyx-lobes 6, the 3 outer valvate rounded, the 3 inner

imbricate acute, -15 to -2in. long. Corolla campanulate, tube as long

as calyx; lobes 6, ovate, spreading, as long as tube, glabrous except a

slight rusty pubescence within. Stamens 12, the 6 longer opposite to, the

6 shorter alternate with, the corolla-lobes ; filaments inserted on the top

of the tube, slender ; anthers ovate, apiculate, extrorse. Ovary flattened-

196 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cylindrical, the top rusty-hirsute; style as long as corolla, subulate,

glabrous; cells 6. Fruit a fleshy oblong or obovate berry, smooth,

‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. thick, 1-seeded.

PENANG: Curtis 3583, 3659. Perak: Wray 3984; King’s Collector

6506, 6509. SrincaPpore: Fizdley 6019, 6134, 6502, 6507; Fox 113807

at Bukit Timah; Cantley 73.—Distris. Bangka.

Said to give a kind of “‘ guttapercha.”

8. Pauaquium Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); branch-

lets blackish-grey, rough, innovations minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves

chartaceous-coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate

or slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces,

margins slightly recurved ; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib broad ;

main-neryes 8 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of about 50° with the

midrib, curving upwards to and along the margin, -2 to ‘3 in. apart;

reticulations many, transverse, impressed above; petiole °5 to ‘7 in.

long flattened and bordered by the decurrent broad margins of the

blade; stipules small, ovate, hirsute, caducous. Flowers small, fas-

cicled in groups of 6 or 7 together in the axils of the uppermost leaves ;

pedicels rather thick, about ‘25 in. long, sparsely appressed-pubescent.

Calyz-lobes 6, 1 in. long ; 3 outer rounded, shortly mucronate, glabrous,

wrinkled when dry ; 3 inner thin, scarious on the margins, ciliate, rusty-

pubescent on both sides. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -15 in. long,

glabrous; lobes 6, oblong, obtuse, erose at tip; tube as long as

lobes. Stamens 12, inserted on the top of the tube opposite to and

alternate with the lobes; filaments slender as long as the lobes;

anthers ovate-acute. Ovary conical, glabrous below, villous above,

surmounted by a conical thick style, (05 in. long, 6-celled. Frwit

not seen.

Stncapore: Liidley 35914.

9. PaLAQUIUM MICROPHYLLUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?);

branchlets rounded, rough, dotted with scars of fallen leaves and

flowers; innovations dark ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous ;

obovate, obtuse or slightly obtusely-acute at apex, cuneate at base;

glabrous on both surfaces, margins recurved; 1 to 2 in. long, ‘7 to

1 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main-nerves indistinct,

about 8 to 10 pairs, nearly at right angles to the midrib; reticulations

very faint even when dry; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, bordered above by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers fascicled, 1 to 3 together,

above the scars of fallen leaves on the past year’s wood ; pedicels -2 in.

long, rusty-pubescent. Calyz-lobes 6; outer 3 valvate, ovate-acute,

-15 to °2 in, long, densely tawny-pubescent ; inner 3 imbricate, ovate,

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. iy

blunt, scarious and ciliate on the margins, tawny-pubescent on the back,

‘1 to 15 in. long. Corolla tubular-rotate ; the tube very short, scarcely

‘05 in. long; the 6 lobes oblong or nearly spathulate, -1 to -15 in. long,

reflexed in flower, sparsely hairy without. Stamens 12, filaments

slender, recurved ; anthers ovate, ‘075 in. long, bi-mucronate. Ovary

tawny-villous, conical; style -15 to -2 in. long, straight; cells 6.

Fruit not seen.

SINGAPORE: at Bukit Timah, Azdley 10840.

10. PaLaguiuM HEXANDRUM, King & Gamble. A tree; branchlets

light brown, innovations ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous,

glabrous ; elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly acute at apex, attenuate

and more or less unequal at base; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad ;

midrib thick, prominent; main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, starting at about

65° to midrib then arched upwards, reticulations obscure. lowers

fasciculate, 3 to 4 together in the axils of the leaves or the scars of

fallen leaves ; pedicels slender, -4 in. long, minutely pubescent. Calyx-

lobes 6; 3 outer valvate, 3 inner more or less imbricate, pubescent

outside, ciliate, -05 to ‘07 in. long, apex scarcely acute. Corolla cam-

panulate ; tube -1 in. with a ring of hairs near the mouth inside ; lobes 6,

imbricate, -15 in. long, oblong obtuse, spreading. Stamens 12, inserted

on the top of the tube, 6 opposite to and 6 alternate with the lobes,

the alternate ones shorter; filaments slender; anthers exsert, ovate-

lanceolate, bi-mucronate, as long as filaments. Ovary rounded, thickly

rusty-pubescent; style subulate, -25 in. long. Frwit a fleshy berry,

about ‘75 in. in diam., smooth, 1-seeded. Seed ovoid, -7 in. long, °d in.

broad, scarcely flattened; testa thin, brown, shining; hilum very

large, occupying about one-half of the seed; albumen none.

Dichopsis hexandra, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. iii. 543. Ison-

andra hexandra, Griff. Notul. IV. 292. Payena Griffith, Kurz For.

Fl. II. 121, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 230 (fide Clarke,

but with doubt).

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3609 ; Maingay (K.D.) 984. SINGAPORE :

Fiidley 11373.—Distris. Burma (?)

11. Panaquium Herveyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large tree;

branchlets rather stout, dark brown; innovations minutely rusty-

pubescent ; leaf-bud scales lanceolate, -15 in. Leaves chartaceo-cori-

aceous ; elliptic or elliptic-obovate, very shortly acute or sometimes emar-

ginate at apex, cuneately attenuate often unequally at base; glabrous

above except on midrib and nerves, sparsely rusty-pubescent beneath,

afterwards glabrate, cinereous when dry ; 2 to 3:5 in. long, 1:25 to 1-75 in.

broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 5 to 7 pairs at about 45° with

the midrib and arching upwards, reticulations obscure ; petiole ‘d in. long

198 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bordered above by the decurrent margins of the blade, rusty-pubescent.

Flowers small, fascicled 4 to 6 together in the axils of the leaves or

on tubercles above the scars of fallen leaves; pedicels -3 in. long,

slender, decurved, pubescent; buds very small, globose. Calyx 6-

lobed, 3 outer valvate, and 3 inner imbricate, :1 in. long, lobes ovate

acute, pubescent. Corolla campanulate ; tube short, rusty-hirsute with-

out; lobes 6, oblong-linear, recurved in flower, hairy within at the

base, ‘15 in. long, imbricate. Stamens 12; filaments long, exsert; anthers

ovate, mucronate, extrorse, as long as filaments, hirsute. Ovary sub-

globose, rusty-pubescent, 6-celled; style slender, 3 in. long; stigma

capitate. Frwt not seen.

Perak: Wray 1104. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 995; Scortechine

1892; Hervey. Vern. ‘‘Jongek’’ (Hervey).

Wray says the gutta is sticky and worthless.

12. Pataguium sTELLATUM, King & Gamble. A large tree, stems

reaching over 100 feet in height; branchlets rather thick, dark brown,

rough with the scars of fallen leaves ; innovations ferruginous-pubescent.

Leaves membrano-chartaceous, clustered at the ends of the branchlets;

oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; nearly

glabrous above, pale and when young tomentose beneath, rusty-

stellate-tomentose (Scortechini) on the nerves on both sides; 3 to 6 in.

long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib prominent; main-nerves 10 pairs,

starting at about 60° with the midrib and at once curving upwards;

reticulations prominent on both sides in an elegant network; petiole

‘75 to 1 in. long, slender, densely rusty-pubescent. Flowers fasciculate,

3 to 5 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming almost a

terminal leafy corymb of about 20 to 25 flowers; pedicels slender,

about 1 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent. Calyx-lobes 6, densely

rusty-pubescent, in 2 series; the outer of 3 valvate, ovate, rounded

lobes, the inner of 3 ovate ciliate lobes with scarious margins; both -25

to 3 in. long. Corolla campanulate, -3 to -4 in. long, the tube a little

shorter than the lobes; the lobes imbricate, twisted in bud, rounded at

top, glabrous. Stamens 12 in one series; filaments on the base of the

tube and attached to it, free above, 2 in. long, thickened below, slender

above ; anthers oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, extrorse, ‘1 in. long, gla-

brous. Ovary rusty-pubescent, sub-globose ; style slender, ‘35 in. long ;

cells 6 (?). Frwt not seen. Dichopsis stellata, Scortechini MS. in

Herb. Cale.

PERAK: Scortechimi, 1855.

A very distinct species, looking very like a Bassia. Scortechini says it yields good

gutta, but in small quantities.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 199

8. Mimusors, Linn.

Trees with milky juice. Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, with

many usually inconspicuous parallel main-nerves. Flowers solitary or

fascicled in the axils of the upper leaves on the branchlets, Calyx-lobes

6 or 8, in 2 series, the outer valvate enclosing the inner imbricate.

Corolla with short tube; lobes 18 or 24 or more in 2 rows, one-third

of the number in the inner, the rest in the outer, row ; lobes of the outer

row often divided.* Stamens 6 or 8, attached to the corolla-tube opposite

the inner lobes; filaments short, dilated, free or connate in a tube with

the staminodes; anthers lanceolate, extrorse, usually apiculate by the

production of the connective. Staminodes alternate with and as many

as the stamens, sub-petaloid, usually fimbriate. Ovary hirsute, 6—8-celled.

Fruit a globose or ovate fleshy berry, epicarp crustaceous; seeds few

or solitary. Seeds ovate or oblong, often oblique, slightly compressed ;

hilum basal or lateral; testa hard, shining; albumen fleshy, thin;

cotyledons flat, leafy—Disrris. Species about 30; in the tropics of

both hemispheres.

Calyx-segments 8; stamens 8; staminodes acuminate, hairy 1. M. Elengi-

Calyx-segments 6; stamens 6; staminodes fimbriate, glabrous .. 2. M. Kauki-

1. Miuusors ExEnat, Linn. Sp. Pl. 349 (1753). An evergreen tree,

stems reaching 40 to 50 feet in height, and with a large girth ; ultimate

branchlets with dark brown rusty pubescence. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded (often unequally), at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces, shining above; margins slightly recurved; 3

to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib prominent, raised on both sur-

faces ; main-nerves numerous, the first pair from the base forming intra-

marginal nerves, which are looped where they meet the 14 to 16 pairs of

main-nerves ; secondary nerves like the main-nerves and, with the reticu-

lations, forming an elegant network ; petiole ‘6 to 1 in. long, slender ;

stipules triangular-subulate, very small, ferruginous-pubescent, very

caducous. Flowers white, fragrant, solitary or in fascicles of 2 to 6 in the

axils of the upper leaves; pedicels ‘3 to -7 in. long, often deflexed,

appressed-ferruginous-pubescent ; buds ovoid, acute. Calyx-lobes 8, ‘3 in.

long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; the 4 outer valvate, broader than the

4 inner imbricate and channelled on the back; all rusty-pubescent

without, glabrous within. Corolla with a very short tube, scarcely

over ‘05 in. long; lobes 24, in 2 rows, the 16 outer linear-lanceolate,

the 8 inner rather broader and shorter, linear-oblong. Stamens 8,

* The outer corolla-lobes are now usually considered to be of the character of

stipules to the inner row which constitute the regular petals.

200 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

opposite the lobes of the inner row; filaments slender, ‘05 in. long;

anthers oblong, glabrous, apiculate. Staminodes alternate with the

anthers, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed, clothed on the back and

sides with pale stiff hairs. Ovary silky-pubescent, 6-celled; style slender,

grooved, as long as corolla. fvwitan ovoid berry about 1 in. long; yellow

when ripe, 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed oblong, -75 in. long, ‘5 broad and

about *25 thick, rounded above, hollowed at base where is the small

oval hilum ; testa crustaceous, dark brown, shining ; albumen thin; coty-

ledons oblong, leafy, nearly as large as the seed cavity; radicle inferior.

Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 15. ¢. 14, and Fl. Ind. IT. 236; Gaertn. f. Fruct. I. 198,

t. 42; Lamk. Ill. t. 300; Baillon Hist. Pl. XI. 267, figs. 302-309 ; Engl.

& Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 152, fig. 82 E-J; Burck Ann. Jard. Buit.

V. (1886) 61; Wall. Cat. 4146; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 202; Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.1548 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 140 ; Wight Ic. t. 1586 ;

Brandis For. Fl. 293; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 40; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 231, For. Fl. II. 123; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 86; Prain

Beng. Pl. 649; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 95. WM. obtusifolia, Bl. Bijdr.

672. “ Hlengi”’ Rheede Hort. Mal. I. 33 t. 20. Rumph. Herb. Amb.

TES9 263.

PERAK : Scortechint 1122. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3612; Maingay

(K.D.) 995/2, 998; Cuming 2265.—Distris. India, Ceylon, Burma,

cultivated in other tropical regions; the fallen corollas are used to

make garlands.

2. Mimusors Kavugi, Linn. Sp. Pl. 349 (1753). A large evergreen

tree ; branchlets thick greyish-brown, extremities somewhat ferruginous-

scaly or -pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, clustered towards the ends of

the branchlets; obovate or elliptic-obovate, obtuse, emarginate or very

slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, densely and

smoothly grey-silky-pubescent beneath ; the margins slightly recurved ;

2 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 2°75 in. broad ; midrib prominent; main-nerves

very indistinct, about 14 to 16 pairs, parallel, meeting near the edge in

a looped intramarginal nerve; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, moderately

thick, channelled above. Flowers thickly clustered towards the ends

of the branchlets; pedicels *75 to 1 in. long, appressed grey-silky-

pubescent, angular. Calyx-lobes 6,25 in. long; 3 outer valvate, ovate,

acute, grey-silky-pubescent; 3 inner imbricate, similar but rather

thinner. Corolla with a very short tube and 18 (or more, exceptionally)

lobes in 2 rows; the outer row 12, lanceolate, acute; the inner

6, spathulate; all -1 in. long or nearly so, glabrous. Stamens 6 to 8,

usually 6, extrorse; filaments -1 in. long, conical, glabrous ; anthers

-1 in. long, linear, blunt. Stanvinodes alternating with the stamens,

-2 to -25 in. long, cuneate, deeply and irregularly fimbriate at apex.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 201

Ovary villous, ovoid, 6-celled; ovules elliptic; style exsert, -4 in.

long, slender. Frwit an ovoid rough berry, ‘1 in. long, 2—4-seeded.

Seeds obliquely obovoid, somewhat curved near the base, ‘6 to -7 in.

long by -4 to ‘5 in. broad and 4 in. thick; hilum lateral towards the

base, -35 in. long, linear-oblong; testa thick, crustaceous, chestnut-

brown ; albumen thin; cotyledons flat, leafy, oblong, ‘3 to -35 in. long;

radicle inferior, rather large. Wall. Cat. 4149: (wpper half); A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 203 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 549; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 1042; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 156; Burck in Ann. Javrd.

Buit. V. (1886) 64. M. Balata, Gaertn. f. Fruct. ITT. 133. MW. Balota,

BL Bijdr. 673. M. Hookerz, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 204. WM. Bojeri, A. DC.

le. 205 (fide Miquel). M. dissecta, R. Br. Prod. 531. M. Browniana,

Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 285.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. iii. 19. t. 8

flor. exe.

Perak: Scortechint. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3614; Maingay

(K.D.) 987.—Distrris. Ambherst in Burma, Wallich ; Malay Islands;

tropical Australia—cultivated elsewhere for its edible fruit.

The following new species from the Andaman Islands seems worthy

of description here.

MIMUSOPS ANDAMANENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); branchlets slender,

grey ; innovations, with inflorescence and leaf-petioles, covered with appressed pale

tawny tomentum. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-obovate, shortly acute at apex, cuneate

at base; margins recurved; glabrous on both surfaces; 3 to 4 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

broad; midrib slender; main-nerves about 15 pairs, parallel, very inconspicuous,

secondary nerves similar to main-nerves, less prominent; petiole slender, -75 to 1 in.

long, channelled above. Inflorescence of 1-3-flowered sessile umbels in the axils of the

upper leaves; pedicels slender, -8 to 1 in. long, angular; buds ovoid-conical, -4 in.

long. Calyx-lobes 8 in 2 series; outer 4 lanceolate, acuminate, valvate, reflexed when

open, ‘4 to °5 in. long; inner 4 as long, linear-lanceolate, deeply channelled on the

back, scarcely imbricate. Corolla-lobes 24, the inner series of 8, oblong-lanceolate,

glabrous, obtuse, each bearing behind it two narrow acute, simple or deeply bifid lobes,

rather shorter than and narrower than the 8 inner lobes. Stamens 8, opposite the

inner corolla-lobes, and shorter than them ; filaments slender, slightly hirsute, -075 in.

long; anthers linear-sagittate, the connective produced in a long apiculus, often bifid.

Staminodes alternate with the stamens and rather shorter than them, densely hirsute,

_ linear-lanceolate, long acuminate, midrib black. Ovary rounded, 8-lobed, pubescent;

style subulate, glabrous, stigma minutely cleft; cells 8, each with a narrow central

ovule. Fruit unknown.

Hill jungle near Port Mouat, S. Andaman, King’s Collector.

In the characters of the corolla-lobes this species seems to be intermediate

between Mimusops and Imbricaria, and, since Engler has recently reduced Imbricaria

to a section of Wimusops, we have no hesitation in describing it under that genus.

202 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Order LXXIT. EBENACEA.

Shrubs or trees with usually hard wood. Leaves alternate, rarely

sub-opposite, entire, usually coriaceous, ex-stipulate. Flowers usually

dicecious, regular; the females usually (and the males sometimes)

solitary; the males (and the females occasionally) in short, usually

bracteate, axillary or extra-axillary cymes ; pedicels articulated. Calyx

inferior, gamosepalous, campanulate or tubular, with 3 to 7 valvate,

imbricate or contorted, often accrescent, lobes. Corolla gamopetalous,

variously shaped; the lobes 3 to 7, usually contorted, sometimes

imbricate or valvate in bud. Stamens in the g and ¢ flowers in a

single series, and as many as the corolla-lobes, or 2- or more-seriate

and 2 or more times as many; filaments shorter than the anthers,

free or in pairs, or variously connate below; anthers linear, usually

with longitudinal dehiscence, the connective often apiculate; in the ¢

flowers reduced to staminodes with empty or abortive anthers, or

absent. Disk none. Carpels in the g flowers abortive or absent;

in the ¢ or 2 flowers connate into a sessile superior ovary, with 2 to 8

usually more or less united styles; the cells as many as or twice as

many as the styles with imperfect septa; ovules twice as many as the

styles, anatropous, pendulous from the inner angles of the cells. Fruit

a coriaceous or fleshy berry, several- or few-seeded. Seeds pendulous,

usually oblong, vertically furrowed; testa thin; albumen copious,

uniform or ruminate ; embryo axial; radicle superior.—Distris. About

320 species, in the tropics generally.

Flowers often 3-merous; ovary 3- or 6-celled .. 2s .. 1. Mapa.

Flowers mostly 4-5-merous; ovary 4-5 or 8-10-celled .. .. 2. DiosPyRos.

1. Mapa, Forst.

Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire. Flowers dicecious (monce-

cious in M. Maingayt), axillary, shortly pedicellate or in small dense

cymes; usually 3-merous, rarely 4- or 5-merous. Calyx 3- to 5-fid or

partite, rarely sub-truncate, often cup-shaped and accrescent. Corolla-

twbe usually longer than the calyx; lobes of the limb 3, twisted to the

right hand. Male flowers: stamens 3 to 21; filaments distinct, in.

pairs or otherwise united; anthers oblong; ovary rudimentary.

Female flowers: stanvinodes 0 to 12; ovary 3-celled or perfectly or

imperfectly 6-celled, 6-ovulate. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, baccate,

glabrous or hairy, 1-6-celled and 1—6-seeded, rather dry or fleshy ;

albumen not ruminate.—Distris. Species about 70; tropical.

Flora of the Malayan’ Peninsula. 203

Leaves opposite or almost opposite =: ote -. 1. WM. Hierniana.

Leaves alternate :—

Leaves puberulous on the lower surface, their veins prominent... 2. M. venosa..

Leaves densely velvety pubescent on the lower surface, their

veins obsolete .. o¢ ae se .. 3. WM. olivacea.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so :—

Leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, 3 to 5 in. long and 1°65 to

2°65 In. broad; main-nerves 3 to 5 pairs : 4. M. merguensis.

Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate 1°5 to 3 in. fone and °65 ‘é

1:35 in. broad :—

Main-nerves 6 or 7 pairs; fruit globular ae -. Od. M. Clarkeana.

Main-nerves obsolete; fruit obliquely ellipsoid .. -» 6. MW. perakensis.

Leaves polymorphous (mostly elliptic obovate or sub- agiead)-

fruit globular, fusiform .. 5c a0 -- V7. M. busxifolia.

1. Masa Hierniana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small glabrous

shrub; young branches much thinner than a goose-quill, pale,

glabrous. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous; oblong-elliptic, the

apex shortly acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved

when dry; both surfaces hepatic-brown when dry and shining, the

reticulations on the upper distinct; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curved,

ascending and forming wide arches near the edge, prominent on the

lower surface, faint on the upper; the midrib bold on both; length 6

to 10 in.; breadth 2 to 3°5 in.; petioles °3 to 6 in. Male flowers

seb acon Female flowers Pie, ‘4 in. across, almost sessile, in

axillary or extra-axillary fascicles of 2 or 3. Calyx spreading, divided

almost to the base into 3 to 5 rotund, minutely crenate, slightly

imbricate lobes. Corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, deeply

divided into 5 broadly oblong blunt lobes with slightly recurved edges ;

sstaminodes 3 or 4, with short thick filaments and broad antherodes.

Ovary depressed-hemispheric, with short, thick, conical style and

‘small stigma. rut not seen.

Perak: King’s Collector 7920.

2. Mapa venosa, King & Gamble. A tree 15 to 50 feet high;

young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, the bark pale and

deciduously cinereous-puberulous. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous ;

oblong-elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, the base slightly cuneate

or rounded; both surfaces dark olivaceous when dry; the upper

shining, glabrous except the puberulous depressed midrib and main-

nerves; the reticulations minute but distinct; lower puberulous

everywhere and the midrib prominent; main-nerves 6 to 9 pairs,

prominent, curved, spreading, tC aEERIPE boldly near the edge; length

4-5 to 65 in.; breadth 2 to 3 in.; petioles -35 to -5 in. Male and

Jemale flowers alike, in densely sandal extra-axillary cymose fascicles

of 5 or 6, not longer than the petioles; flowers mostly sessile, one or

204 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

two in each fascicle on a short densely hairy pedicel, rotate, -3 or °4 in.

in diam. Calyx very coriaceous, divided to the base into 3 spreading

broadly ovate lobes with broad blunt apices and concave bases, partly

adpressed-pilose and partly glabrescent. Corolla smaller and less

coriaceous than the calyx, tubular, glabrous, its lobes ovate-elliptic.

Male flowers with 6 stamens in 2 rows, 3 of them small;

anthers cordate, filaments flat; rudimentary ovary ovoid, apiculate,

with a dense ring of coarse hair at its base. Female flowers with a

few flat staminodes; the ovary broadly ovoid apiculate, hirsute in its

lower part; styles 3, glabrous, distinct, the stigmas broad. Fruzt

ovoid-globular, glabrous, °75 in. long and ‘6 in. in diam., blunt at apex

and base, the latter subtended by the 3- sometimes 4-lobed, thick,

almost woody, accrescent calyx, its lobes spreading, their edges reflexed.

Seeds elliptic, plano-convex. Dzospyros venosa, Wall. Cat. 4126.

SincaporE: Fidley 4961; King’s Collector 3495, 3862, 7643.

3. Mapa onivacea, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 70 feet

high; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, puberulous, pale

cinereous when dry. Leaves coriaceous, alternate; elliptic, shortly and

abruptly apiculate, the base rounded or cuneate, the edges much

recurved when dry; upper surface olivaceous, shining, glabrous except

the depressed rusty-puberulous midrib; lower surface softly velvety-

pubescent, olivaceous, the hair on the bold midrib and 5 to 8 pairs

of curved spreading rather prominent main-nerves rusty; length 3 to

5°5 in. ; breadth 1:5 to 2:25 in.; petiole -4 in., tomentose. Male flowers

sessile, ‘15 in. long, in branched condensed axillary and extra-axillary

cymes less than 1 in. long; bracteoles broad, blunt, small. Calyx -1 in.

long, tubular-campanulate, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, divided

nearly to the base into 4 broadly ovate obtuse erect lobes. Corolla

cylindric-campanulate, glabrous except the hairy edges of the 4 oblong

lobes. Stamens 8 large and 4 small, lanceolate, on short filaments.

Female flowers not seen. Fruit ellipsoid, blunt at each end, the apex

crowned by the short style, glabrous, about ‘d in. long, and *4 in. in

diam. Calyx at the base of the fruit thick, spreading, ‘6 in. across,

with 4 ovate, blunt lobes with reflexed edges.

Perak: King’s Collector 7877; Wray 1269. Lanxawi: Curtis

1661.

4, MaBA MERGUENSIS, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 134

(1873). A small, nearly glabrous tree; young branches thicker than a

crow-quill. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous, ovate or elliptic, shortly

and obtusely acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded ; main-nerves 3 to

5 pairs, slightly curved, ascending; length 3 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1:65

to 2°65 in.; petiole about 25 in. long. Male flowers in dense minutely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 205

pubescent branching axillary cymes only 1 to 1‘d in. in diam. Calyx

less than 25 in. long, with 3 or 4 obtuse triangular lobes. Corolla

slightly larger than the calyx, shortly 3- or 4-lobed. Stamens 14 to

16, glabrous; rudimentary ovary minute. Female flowers 3- or

4-merous. Calyx lobed half-way down. Corolla 3- or 4-merous;

Staminodes 3 or 4. Ovary-cells 6, 1-ovulate. Styles 3, distant,

glabrous. Frwt sub-globular; its calyx ‘5 in. in diam. with 3

ovate acute spreading lobes. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI,

ii. 232, and For. Fl. II. 139; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI.

582.

Penane: Helfer (K.D.) 3618; Curtis 705, 718.—Distris. Burma.

Very imperfectly represented in Herbaria.

5. Masa CuarKeana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to 30 feet

high ; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, puberulous when

young, ultimately glabrous, cinereous with small black strie. Leaves

alternate, coriaceous; oblong, the apex blunt and sometimes minutely

notched, the base cuneate ; upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, shining

when dry ; lower surface dull, paler, sparsely and deciduously adpressed-

pubescent and the minute reticulations rather distinct; main-nerves

6 or 7 pairs, spreading, very faint on both surfaces ; midrib bold in the

lower, depressed on the upper surface; length 1°5 to 3 in., breadth

"65 to 1:25 in.; petioles ‘lin. long. Male flowers small (only ‘1 to -15 in.

long), crowded in sessile cymes -25 to °5 in. long, in the axils of the

upper leaves, with a few oblong bracteoles. Calyx sessile or sub-

sessile, adpressed-pubescent outside, glabrous inside, divided half-way

down into 3 sub-erect broadly ovate acute lobes. Corolla smaller than

the calyx, densely sericeous outside, glabrous inside, divided to the

base into 3 ovate-lanceolate, with an inner row of 3 or 6 similar

but narrower, lobes. Stamens 6, in pairs, joined by the bases of their

broad filaments; anthers lanceolate. Female flower unknown. Fruit

globular, -35 in. in diam., glabrous. Calyx at its base thick, with

3 obtuse angles. Seeds 3, 3-sided, -25 in. long.

PERAK: King’s Collector 4816.

6. Mapa PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 60 feet

high; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, minutely puberulous

becoming glabrous, dark-coloured, sub-glaucous. Leaves coriaceous,

alternate ; rather broadly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, the apex acute,

the base broad and rounded or slightly cuneate; both surfaces dark

olivaceous, the upper shining, the lower dull; main-nerves obsolete ;

midrib minutely pubescent, prominent on the lower surface, depressed

on the upper; length 2°5 to 3 in., breadth °75 to 1:35 in.; petioles

206 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

‘15 in. long. Male flowers about :15 in. long, 8 or 10 together in dense

sessile axillary clusters not much exceeding the petioles. Calyx sessile

or nearly so, campanulate, slightly pubescent outside, glabrous inside,

deeply divided into 3 broadly ovate acute lobes. Corolla tubular;

adpressed-sericeous externally, glabrous inside, cut half-way down into

3 ovate acute lobes. Stamens 12, 6 of them united by the bases of

their filaments ; anthers of all lanceolate apiculate, their bases cordate.

Female flower not known. Fruit obliquely ellipsoid, the apex shortly

apiculate, glabrous; the calyx at the base sub-ligneous, flat, deeply

divided into 3 broad ovate-rotund lobes with reflexed edges and blunt

tips. Seeds 2, oblong.

Perak: Wray 3130; King’s Collector 3945, 5519.

7. Masa BuxiFouia, Pers. Syn. II. (1807) 606. A bush or small tree ;

young branches puberulous at first, ultimately glabrous. Leaves

small, alternate, coriaceous; varying from elliptic to obovate, the

apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base always narrowed; upper surface

olivaceous, the lower brown; the midrib bold; reticulations rather

distinct on the upper surface only ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, spreading,

slightly prominent on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower ; edges

slightly recurved ; length -35 to 1 in.; breadth 3 to °6 in. ; larger in the

varieties; petiole less than ‘5 in. Flowers solitary, or 2 to 3 in short

cymes, 3-merous. Calyx -1 in. long, campanulate, with short triangular

lobes. Corolla campanulate with short triangular lobes. Male flowers :

stamens 6 to 12, glabrous; rudimentary ovary hairy. Female flower :

stamens none; ovary 3-celled; style at the apex 3-lobed. Firwit

globose or ellipsoid, -35 in. long, 1-seeded. Calyx at its base

cupular, often very short; albumen equable. Wight Ic. t. 763; A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 240; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 183; Trimen FI.

Ceyl. III. 89; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 116; Kurz

Hor,’ Fl. EL. 1139) Clarke ins Hook, i, EC Br ind yeaa:

littorea, Br. Prod. 527. M. Cumingiana, M. madagascariensis, M.

guineensis, M. Smuthiana, A. DC. l.c. 241. M. neilgherrensis, Wight

Ill. t. 148 bis. H. M. Hbenus, Wight Ic. tt. 1288-9 (not of Spreng.).

Maba ? Wall. Cat. 7461. Ferreola buxifolia, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 35, t. 45,

and Fl. Ind. III. 790.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 979; Griffith (K.D.) 3641. Lanexawr:

Curtis 2557. Prnane: Curtis 708.—Distris. Malay Archipelago,

Br. India, N. Australia, Philippines, tropical Africa,

A variable species, of which two varieties are recognised by Mr. C. B. Clarke in

Hooker’s ‘‘ Flora of British India.” Both these have leaves LOE! than as above

described, but neither occurs in our region.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 207

2. Diospyros, Linn.

Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely sub-opposite,

entire. Flowers dicecious, very rarely polygamous, axillary and

short-pedicelled, or in small cymes; the 2 often, and the 3 sometimes,

solitary ; usually 4- or 5-merous, rarely 3-merous. Calyx usually

deeply-lobed, rarely truncate, often in the @ larger than in the ¢

and often accrescent and plicate or auriculate in fruit. Corolla tubular

with short deep lobes, or salver-shaped, or campanulate; the lobes

contorted to the right in bud. Stamens in the 3 flowers 4 to 64, often

16; their filaments distinct, paired or polyadelphous; anthers linear,

rarely short; ovary rudimentary. In the ? flowers, staminodes 0 to

16; ovary 4—-5-celled or imperfectly 8-10-celled ; the cells usually with

1, rarely with 2 ovules; styles or stigmas 1 to 4. Frwt a globose,

ellipsoid or ovoid-conic, berry, usually subtended by the enlarged

(sometimes woody) calyx; flesh pulpy or viscid. Seeds oblong, usually

compressed ; albumen equable or (rarely) ruminate.—Distris. About

220 species, chiefly in the tropics.

Leaves membranous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous or hairy ;

$ flowers in small cymes or fascicles, 4-5-merous; stamens

usually 8, 12, or 16; flowers sub-solitary ; ¢ calyx longer than

that of the ¢, not accrescent or but slightly so, in fruit :—

Leaves under 5 in. long :—

Fruit globular, glabrous ; stamens 16 00 1. D. Wrayi.

Fruit cylindric or oblong-conical, glabrous; stamens spam

16; leaves 1 to 1:4 in. long, and under °65 in. broad .. 3. D. microphylla.

Fruit ellipsoid :—

Stamens 8 :—

Fruit puberulous :—

Leaves ee under 2°25 in. long, lanceolate or

sub-rhomboidal . 3 .. 2. D. subrhomboidea.

Leaves usually over 2:25 in. lone allliitic oblong .. 6. D. Scortechinii.

Fruit glabrous ; leaves 2°5 to 4:5 in. long .. 5. D. gracilifiora.

Stamens 12; leaves 3:25 to 5 in. long; fruit glabrous.. 7. D. flavicans.

Fruit not known; stamens 12; leaves under 2in. long .. 4. D. dumosa.

Leaves over 5 in. long; fruit Geen rusty-setose ;

stamens 6 to 12 o0 8. D. apiculata.

Leaves coriaceous, upper surface Plabre ous and efitintinns: ; flowers

mostly 4-merous, a few 5-merous; ¢ flowers in small cymes or

clusters ; calyx deeply lobed, often larger in the ¢ and differing

in shape from that of the g :—

Calyx 4-lobed :—

Leaves under 5 in. long :-—

Leaves under 1°5 in. broad :—

Calyx of ¢ flower densely sericeous-pubescent, lobes

reniform; fruit ovoid or sub-globose, rusty villous,

its calyx 1 in. in diam. D0 00 .. 9. D. lanceefolia.

208 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Calyx-margins of ¢ flower tomentose, lobes broadly

ovate ; fruit globose, ultimately glabrous, -75 in. long

Leaves 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad :—

Stamens about 12; main-nerves of leaves 8 to 9 pairs

Stamens about 16; main-nerves of leaves 6 to 7 pairs

Stamens 16, in pairs; main-nerves of leaves 5 pairs

Leaves usually more than 5 and less than 7°5 in. long :—

Leaves under 6°5 in. long, over 2°5 in. broad ; fruit olive-

shaped, nearly 2 in. long and 1-25 in. in diam.

Leaves under 2°5 in. broad :—

Leaves under 6°5 in. long; main-nerves of leaves net

visible, probably many pairs; fruit depressed-globose,

1-35 in. in diam. ; persistent calyx thick, woody

Leaves under 7°5 in. long; main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs;

fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. in diam. ; persistent calyx with

large membranous lobes ae oe 3

Leaves usually more than 6 and less than 12 in. long :—

Leaves beneath covered with appressed sericeous hair ;

stamens 20 to 24; main-nerves of leaves not visible

Leaves beneath glabrous except the midrib, which is

covered with dark hair; main-nerves of leaves 7 to 8

pairs; fruit glabrous 50

Leaves beneath glabrous or pal witty ailvennare: —

Leaves usually 3 to 3°5 in. broad :-—

Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 10 pairs; apex caudate-

acuminate, base cuneate a

Main-nerves of leaves 10 to 12 pairs; ree acne

base rounded

Leaves reaching 4 in. broad; fon Plapreccente --

Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 14 pairs; apex sub-acute

Main-nerves of leaves 16 to 20 pairs ; apex shortly

acuminate 36 oe

Leaves 3°5 to 45 in. broad ; main-nerves of leaves 8 to

12 pairs; apex acute; fruit ner ee -tomentose,

ridged .

Leaves 8 to 14 in. fone! 2:5 to 5 in. broad; main-nerves

14 to 18 pairs ; fruit sub-globose, 1 in. in diam., immersed

in the thickened calyx ..

Leaves 10 to 18 in. long, 2 to 4 in. pean main-nerves

14 to 20 pairs; fruit depressed-globose, 2 in. in diam.,

seated on a cupular calyx 2c :

Calyx 5-lobed :—

Leaves glabrous beneath, 7 to 9 in. aiid 3 to 3°75 in.

broad ; main-nerves 16 to 18 pairs

Leaves puberulous on the midrib and main-nerves penenttn

5°56 to 7°5 in. long, 2°5 to 3-25 in. broad; main-nerves 10

to 12 pairs ..

Leaves glabrous * Aen 5:5 to 9 in. long, ik 5 to 2°5 in.

broad ; main-neryes 10 to 12 pairs

Leaves Dae coriaceous, glabrous above, pabeodlons beneath ;

both g and ¢ flowers in few-flowered cymes, on long, slender,

extra-axillary peduncles, pendulous; calyx 5-lobed, not accres-

cent in fruit

ele

. 25.

eile

J All.

17.

. 18.

> ig),

23.

24.

. 28.

5 PAU

15.

. 16.

96 7401 1D)

5 5).

Seb &

i ts

lucida.

pachyphylla.

clavigera.

styraciformis.

. bilocularis.

. oletfolia.

. paniculata.

. argented.

. tristis.

- paucifiora.

ellipsotdea.

Horsfieldii.

toposioides.

Kunstlert.

. Wallichiz.

. rigida.

. oblonga.

. Helferi.

. brachiata.

. nutans.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 209

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

Calyx of fruit long, woody, its lobes pointed and much reflexed,

leaves glabrous .. le .. 930. D. reflexa.

Leaves oblong, hairy beneath, powete at ine base. Calyx in fruit

small. Fruit globular, rusty-pubescent . 31. D. penangiana.

Leaves quite glabrous, elliptic, nemomed at ova end, not

cordate. Fruit globular with small calyx : 32. D. rufa.

Leaves coriaceous, quite glabrous, oblong, selon settee,

Male flowers in terminal tomentose cymes 33. D. areolata.

Leaves membranous, oblong or oblong-elliptic, sieinore, iBlganaite

flowers in fascicles of about 3. Calyx with reniform lobes; pedi-

cels bi-bracteolate. Corolla salver-shaped is 34. D. Curtisii.

Leaves membranous, puberulous beneath. Male flowers in Alaina

short hairy glomeruli. Stamens 8 se .. 385. D. glomerulata.

Leaves puberulous beneath. Calyx-lobes 4 ; stamens 16 .. 36. D. caliginosa.

1. Diospyros Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub 4 to 12 feet

high; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, cinereous- or rusty-

puberulous. Leaves small, alternate, membranous; ovate-lanceolate to

narrowly elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces

dark olivaceous; the upper very shining and minutely reticulate, glabrous

except the puberulous depressed midrib; the lower more brown and

dull, the midrib pubescent and prominent, the reticulations less distinct ;

length 2 to 4 in., breadth -75 to 1:5 in.; petioles -05 to-1 in. Male

flowers -25 in. long, 2 to 4 together in small axillary cymes, black when

dry, puberulous, pedicels very short. Calyx less than ‘1 in. long, narrowly

campanulate with 4 deep ovate lobes. Corolla three times as long as

the calyx, salver-shaped, sub-glabrous; limb with 4 oblong lobes.

Stamens 16, united in pairs by the bases of the unequal filaments, broadly

lanceolate, inserted near the base of the tube. Female flowers like the 3

but longer—especially the calyx. Stamnodes about 8, lanceolate. Ovary

glabrescent, ovoid-conic, tapering into a rather long style; stigmas 4,

fleshy, short. Frwit globular, crowned by the short style, glabrous,

shining, black when ripe (when dry); calyx at its base -75 in. across,

coriaceous, deeply divided into 4 oblong blunt or sub-acute reflexed

lobes.

PERAK: Scortechiw; Wray 2764, 3272, 3955; King’s Collector

2076, 2993.

2. DIosPYROS SUB-RHOMBOIDEA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub

4 to 6 feet high; young branches thinner than a crow-quill, softly

tawny-pubescent, pale brown when dry. Leaves small, alternate ;

lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or sub-rhomboidal, bluntly acuminate,

the base cuneate; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the

upper dark, glabrous except the puberulous midrib, the lower

sparsely adpressed pubescent especially on the bold midrib; main-

210 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, faint on both surfaces; length

1:5 to 2:25 in., breadth ‘6 to -8 in.; petiole about ‘lin. Male flower

‘6 in. long, solitary, axillary on a short tomentose pedicel with 2 broad

bracteoles. Calyx less than -1 in. long, pubescent outside, glabrous

inside, deeply divided into 4 broad obtuse almost quadrate imbricate

lobes. Corolla salver-shaped; the tube cylindric, tapering to the apex,

tomentose outside ; limb as long as the tube but less hairy outside,

glabrous inside like the tube, deeply divided into 4 oblong sub-acute

lobes with inflexed edges, twisted to the right in bud. Stamens 8,

attached near the bottom of the tube, 4 shorter than the others;

anthers all lanceolate, and on short filaments. Female flower not

known. fruit ellipsoid, sparsely adpressed-puberulous, crowned by

the conic style, ‘8 or ‘9 in. long and ‘4 in. in diam. Calyx at its base

°25 in. across, flat, with 4 spreading, broad, blunt lobes.

Prerak: Wray 4055; King’s Collector 7302.—Distris. Sumatra,

Forbes 2004.

3. DIoSPYROS MICROPHYLLA, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 27, t. exxxiii.

(1874), and Fl. Sylv. Madr. cxlv. A tree 20 to 30 feet high; young

branches as thick as a crow-quill or thinner, densely pubescent. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, alternate, distichous ; ovate-lanceolate, sub-rhomboid,

the apex sub-acute, the base cuneate; upper surface dark olivaceous-

brown, glabrous except the pubescent depressed midrib ; the lower dark

brown, puberulous, the midrib pubescent; main-nerves obsolete on both

surfaces; length 1 to 1:4 in., breadth -45 to -65 in.; petiole ‘05; the

largest leaves towards the ends of the branches. Male flowers solitary

or 3 together in a minute cyme. Calyx :05 long, deeply 4-lobed, tube

glabrate. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx with 4 rounded lobes.

Stamens about 16. Female flowers -2 in. long, axillary, solitary, pedicel-

late or in a pair on a short peduncle. Calyx campanulate, deeply

divided into 4 sub-rotund imbricate very obtuse lobes, sericeous on the

middle outside and on the edges, otherwise glabrous. Corolla salver-

shaped, somewhat longer than the calyx, deeply cut into 4 unequal

rotund lobes, adpressed-puberulous on the back of the lobes, otherwise

glabrous. Ovary ovoid, sericeous near the apex and base; style thick,

2-fid ; stigmas 4. Ovary 4-celled, ellipsoid, conic, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled.

Frwit cylindric or oblong-conical, dry, glabrous, 1-celled, 1- rarely

2-seeded, ‘75 to 1 in. long. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 559.

D. buxifolia, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XIT. 218. D. vaccini-

oides, Wall. Cat. 4130 (in part). Leucoxylum buatfoliwm, Blume Bijdr.

1169; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 1050; Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 43 t. 2.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 8643; Walker 170; Maimgay (K.D.) 966.

Singapore: Lidley 6045. Prnanea: Curtis 1518, 7175. PrRaxk:

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 211

Scortechint 2052.—Distris. Andaman Islands, South India, Malay

Archipelago.

4. Diospyros pumosaA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree;

young branches as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous, dark-coloured

when dry. Leaves small, alternate, membranous ; lanceolate, shortly

acuminate, the base cuneate ; upper surface dark olivaceous when dry,

glabrous; lower yellowish, slightly puberulous on the slightly pro-

minent midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of curved ascending nerves; length 1°5

to 2in.; breadth -5 to ‘75 in.; petiole ‘05in. Male flowers -5 in. long,

in small axillary sessile fascicles of 3 or 4. Calyx -25 in. long, deeply

divided into 3 or 4 ovate-lanceolate acuminate lobes, concave along the

midrib, and with undulate edges, pubescent. Corolla twice as long as the

calyx, narrowly tubular, deeply divided into 4 narrow oblong glabrous

lobes, the tube pubescent inside and outside. Stamens 12, inserted at

its base on unequal slender filaments; anthers broadly lanceolate,

much apiculate. Female flowers solitary, axillary, shortly pedicellate,

‘4in. long. Calyx cleft to the base into 4 large broadly ovate reniform

bluntly acuminate undulate lobes, sparsely adpressed-pubescent on

both surfaces, -25 in. long and as much across. Corolla a little

longer but less hairy than the calyx, fleshy, tubular, tetragonous,

divided for half its length into 4 narrow oblong lobes. Staminodes

8, linear-lanceolate, apiculate, on slender filaments. Ovary narrowly

ellipsoid, tapering to the rather long style, glabrous. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Wray 3508. JUNKSEYLON (Tongka): Curtis 2907.

5. DIosPYROS GRACILIFLORA, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XII. 191 (1873). A glabrous tree 40 to 50 feet high; young branches

less than half as thick as a goose-quill, deciduously puberulous, dark-

coloured and striate when dry. Leaves thickly membranous, alternate ;

rather narrowly elliptic, shortly and bluntly apiculate to caudate-

acuminate, the base much narrowed and often slightly oblique; both

surfaces dull dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous except for

some minute hairs on the nerves beneath; main-nerves about 5 pairs,

eurved, ascending, depressed or obscure on the upper surface, pale and

slightly prominent on the lower like the midrib; length 2-5 to 4-5 in.,

breadth -75 to 1:35; petioles -1 to -2 in. Male flowers -5 in. long, few

together, in small axillary cymes about as long as the petioles, sessile,

puberulous. Calyx large, two-thirds to one-half the length of the

corolla, but much wider, deeply divided into 4 large ovate-rotund

undulate semi-erect lobes. Corolla narrowly tubular, one-third to one-

half longer than the calyx; the tube externally with 4 lines of

pubescence, otherwise glabrescent; limb with 4 deeply oblong broad

blunt glabrous spreading sub-undulate lobes. Stamens 8, in two rows,

212 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 of them smaller than the other 4; anthers linear-lanceolate, apicu-

late, the filaments flat, very short; rudimentary ovary small, narrowly

ovate, glabrous. Female flowers like the g and often mixed with

them, but sometimes solitary. Ovary broadly ovoid, with short style,

glabrous. Frwit ellipsoid, 1 in. long and ‘75 in. in diam., glabrous,

crowned by the short remains of the style, and subtended by the

calyx with 4 spreading, undulate, sub-glabrous lobes. D. flavicans,

Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 205 (as to female plant parily).

D, decipiens, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 563.

Maracca: Maingay (K.D.) 972 (2 only). PrEraKx: Scortechini

181, 198; Wray 1298, 2848, 3214, 4227; King’s Collector 884, 3298,

3354, 3366, 3588, 3394, 5173, 6742, 7990, 10463. Prnane: Curtis

3041.—Distrip. Java, Beccari 1560.

6. Diospyros Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 15 to

30 or even 50 feet high; young branches as thick as a crow-quill,

tawny-puberulous, angled, pale when dry. Leaves alternate, small,

membranous ; narrowly elliptic-oblong, acuminate, much narrowed at

the base to the short petiole; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when

dry, the upper glabrous, the lower often puberulous, especially on

the midrib; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, spreading, curved, ascending,

somewhat distinct on the lower surface, faint on the upper as are the

transverse reticulations; length 2 to 4 in., breadth -6 to 1:25 in.;

petiole -1 to -15 in. Male flowers -d in. long, in shortly pedunculate

axillary fascicles of 2 or 3, or solitary and pedicellate. Calyx -1 in.

long, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, ‘1 in. long, campanulate,

deeply divided into 4 broad almost truncate lobes. Corolla coriaceous,

‘3 in. long, glabrous ; tube tapering a little to the apex ; lobes 4, oblong,

sub-acute, spreading. Stamens 8; anthers shortly lanceolate, as long

as the filaments. Female flowers longer than the ¢, solitary, the

pedicel as long as the calyx, tomentose. Ovary ellipsoid, densely

pilose; style short, conic; stigmas small, glabrous. wit ellipsoid,

crowned by the very short style, puberulous. Calyx at its base

cupular, -2 in. across, tomentose outside, ‘75 in. long and -4 in. in

diam.

Perak: Curtis 2092; King’s Collector 2407, 4126, 5002, 5296, 6356;

Scortechint 377; Wray 638.

7. DiosPyRros FLAVICANS, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soe. XII. 205

(1873). A tree 40 to 70 feet high ; young branches rather thicker than a

crow-quill, cinereous-puberulous becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate,

- thinly coriaceous ; elliptic to oblong-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, the

base cuneate ; upper surface when dry olivaceous, glabrous, the lower

pale brown, densely puberulous on the stout midrib; main-nerves 5 to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 213

7 pairs, curved, ascending; length 3:25 to 5 in., breadth 1°35 to

2:5 in.; petioles ‘1 to -15 in. Male flowers -45 in. long, 2 to 6

together, in axillary or extra-axillary bracteate sessile tomentose

fascicles. Calyx sub-sessile, campanulate, pubescent outside, glabrous

inside ; the limb deeply divided into 5 broadly ovate, bluntly acuminate

spreading lobes. Corolla salver-shaped; tube slightly inflated and

glabrous in the lower half outside, cylindric and pubescent in the

upper half, inside glabrous; limb with 4 broadly oblong obtuse

glabrescent spreading lobes. Stamens 12, of different lengths,

attached in 3 rows in the tube; anthers lanceolate-cordate, apicu-

late; filaments slender and of varying length; rudimentary ovary

none. Female flowers conspicuously bi-bracteate, in cymes like

the g but shortly pedunculate. Calyx as in the g¢ but less deeply

lobed. Frwit ellipsoid, not much narrowed at the ends, slightly

tetragonous, glabrous, ‘75 in. long and about -35 in. in diam., crowned

by the short remains of the style; the calyx clasping its base, about

half as long, with 4 deep triangular lobes. Seeds 4, ridged. Clarke in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 562; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI,

li. 236, For. Fl. IT. 135. Guwuatteria? flavicans, Wall. Cat. 7295.

Ebenacea, sp. 2, Griff. Notul. IV. 291.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 454, 3623; Maingay (K.D.) 972 (as to

male plant only); Helfer (K.D.) 3639? Pxrnane: Curtis 1602.

SELANGOR: Azdley 10556. Perak: 2058; King’s Collector 2480,

3304, 3380, 3774, 6149, 6633, 10007.

8. Diospyros APICULATA, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Philos. Soe. XII.

186 (1873). A shrub or small tree; young branches half as thick as

a goose-quill, fulvous-hirsute. Leaves alternate, membranous ; oblong

or elliptic-oblong, sometimes rather oblanceolate, finely caudate-

acuminate, slightly narrowed to the rounded or somewhat cuneate

base; both surfaces dark olivaceous-brown when dry, transversely

reticulate; upper surface sparsely adpressed-pubescent, the midrib

and main-nerves pubescent and slightly depressed; lower surface

darker, and with many long rather coarse hairs, especially on the

prominent midrib and 8 to 10 pairs of slightly curved ascending

main-nerves ; length 5-5 to 7 in., breadth 1:5 to 2:5 in.; petiole

‘1 in., tomentose. Male flowers about 3 together, axillary, sub-sessile,

*35 in. long. Calyx 4- to 5-partite, about -25 in. long, pubescent, lobes

narrowly lanceolate. Corolla tubular, 4-lobed, -4 in. long, the lobes

_ spreading, oval, obtuse. Stamens 6 to 12, unequal, glabrous ; anthers

linear-oblong, acuminate ; filaments often geniculate, dilated and some-

what united at the base, rudimentary ovary small, hairy. Female

flowers 1 to 3 together on short axillary, minutely hispid cymes.

214 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Fruit sub-sessile, solitary, ovoid-conic, finely rusty-setose, especially

in the upper half, about 1 in. long and ‘5 to °75 in. across, apiculate.

Seeds about 4, albumen not ruminate. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.

Ind. IIT. 553.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1514. Prax: King’s Collector 5127,

6770. Prnane: Curtis 1584.

9. DiosPYROS LANCEHFOLIA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93 (1814). A tree ;

young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, adpressed-puberulous,

dark brown when dry. Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; oblong, lanceolate

or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate,

the edges recurved; both surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the

upper darker and shining, the lower paler and dull; main-nerves 7 to

9 pairs, spreading, faint on both surfaces; midrib bold on the lower

surface, depressed on the upper; length 2 to 3 in.; breadth ‘65 to

1 in.; petiole -15 to -2 in. Male flowers sessile in clusters. Calyx

15 in. long with 4 ovate tawny-sericeous lobes. Corolla °35 to ‘5 in.

long, narrowed upwards, the lobes :15 in. long. Stamens about 16;

anthers linear, glabrous or slightly pilose at the base; filaments

minutely pilose. Female flowers solitary or in pairs on the branches

below the leaves, °5 in. long. Calyx -3 in. long, very coriaceous,

densely sericeous-pubescent on both surfaces, deeply divided into

4 erect, broadly reniform, acute lobes. Corolla a little longer than

the calyx, densely sericeous-tomentose outside, the tube glabrous

inside; lobes of limb 4, oblong, very thick. Staminodes 8, linear

compressed. Ovary broadly ovate, acuminate, densely silky; stigmas

4, glabrous. Fruit ovoid or sub-globose, rusty-villous ; its calyx 1 in.

in diam. with thickened tube and spreading lobes. Roxb. Fl. Ind.

II. 587; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 232; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XII. 213; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI., ii. 236, and For. Fl.

IJ. 136; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 562. D. multifiora,

Wall. Cat. 4144; A. DC. le. 231. D. amena, Wall. Cat: 4139 ;

ie IDIGG IG a SHE;

SINGAPORE: firdley 4964. Panana: Ridley 1601.—Distr1p.

Assam range of hills, Burma, Sumatra.

The chief characters separating this from D. lucida, Wall., are the longer lobes of

the calyx of the female flower and the somewhat larger and more hairy fruit. This

species is not common within our area, whereas D. lucida is a common tree.

10. Diospyros PACHYPHYLLA, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

568 (1882). A tree; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill,

deciduously puberulous, soon glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, alternate ;

elliptic or oblong, sub-acute, the base rounded; both surfaces when

Flora oy the Malayan Peninsula. 215

dry rather pale olivaceous-brown, glabrous; the upper shining, the

lower glaucous, dull; main-nerves 8 or 9 pairs, curving upwards, faint

on both surfaces midrib bold on the lower surface, depressed on the

upper; length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1°5 to 2:5 in.; petiole -25 to -4 in

Male flowers in short rusty-pubescent axillary and extra-axillary cymes

from *5 to ‘75 in. long, bracts ovate, ‘1 in. long. Calyx ‘15 in. long,

campanulate, adpressed rusty-tomentose on both surfaces, cut half-

way into 4 broad triangular erect lobes. Corolla tomentose externally

(fide C. B. Clarke) nearly -5 in. long, its lobes about -1 in. Stamens

about 12; anthers linear, with villous connective and glabrous

filaments. Female flowers unknown. Fruit globular, the apex con-

cave and bearing the short remains of the style, ‘65 in. in diam.,

minutely rusty adpressed-pubescent, becoming glabrous; the calyx

at its base woody, cupular, with 4 broad lobes with reflexed apices.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 974. Sinaarpore: Ridley 5644.

This does not agree with D. undulata, Wall., of which Hiern, in Trans. Camb. Phil.

Soc. XII. 215, makes it a variety. It comes much nearer to, but is smaller in all its

parts than, the plant named by us D. Wallichii, which was originally issued as

D. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4141.

11. Diospyrros cnaviaERA, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 558

(1882). A tree; all parts glabrous except the minutely pilose-ciliate margin

of the calyx. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, elliptic, tapering slightly

to each end (sub-rhomboidal) ; both surfaces warm brown when dry, the

upper glabrous, shining, the lower dull; main-nerves 6 or 7 pairs,

little curved, ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface, faint

on the upper; length 3°25 to 4:5, breadth 1°5 to 2:15 in. ; petioles -15

to -2in. Male flowers 3 to 16 together in small sub-sessile axillary and

extra-axillary cymes. Calyx ‘15 in. long, deeply divided into 4 obtuse

lobes. Corolla (in bud) -35 in. long, clavate, glabrous outside, the

upper part very thick, 4-lobed. Stamens about 16, glabrous; anthers

oblong, shortly apiculate. Female flower and fruit unknown. D.

Eibenum, Hiern (not of Koenig) in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 208

(in part).

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 971; Griffith (K.D.) 3635. Lanexawr:

Curtis 3418. Styeapore: Maingay 5066.

12. Diospyros BiLocuLARIS, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2336 (1894).

A glabrous tree 60 to 80 feet high ; young branches about the thickness

of a goose-quill, dark purplish when dry and shining, slightly striate.

Leaves thickly coriaceous ; elliptic, sub-acute, the base slightly cuneate,

the edges (when dry) recurved ; both surfaces olivaceous when dry, the

upper shining, the lower paler and dull; midrib inconspicuous and

216 Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula.

slightly channelled on the upper surface, bold on the lower; main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, interarching far from the

edge, faint on both surfaces; length 5 to 6:5 in., breadth 2°5 to 3:25 in.

Male flowers -65 in. long (in bud) on rusty-pubescent pedicels -3 to

‘4 in. long, in axillary and extra-axillary fascicles of 2 to 4, with a few

tomentose bracteoles at their bases. Calyx very coriaceous, ‘25 in. long

and nearly as much in width at the mouth; limb 4-lobed, the

lobes very short and broad. Corolla narrowly tubular, -4 in. long,

very thick; lobes of limb long, narrowly oblong. Stamens 16;

sub-sessile, linear, sub-equal, apiculate; rudimentary ovary none.

Female flower; calyx and corolla as in the g, staminodes none;

ovary oblong or oval-ovoid, narrowed at the apex, longer than the

calyx, 2-celled; ovules 2 in each celliand pendulous. wit olive-

shaped, shortly apiculate, 1-5 to 2 in. long and 1 to 1-25 in. in diam. at

the middle, yellow when ripe; its pedicel obconic, stout, woody, 4 in.

long; calyx in ripe fruit flat, with 4 broad blunt lobes. Seed solitary;

pericarp thin, only °3 in. across, albumen large stellately ruminate.

Maba Maingayi, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 107; Clarke in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 552.

Mauacca: Maimgay (K.D.) 976; Derry 1092. Sincarore: idley

27, 2755, 4920. Prrak: at elevations of 1,500 to 2,000 feet, King’s

Collector 7383.

13. Diospyros sTYRACIFORMIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?);

young branches rusty-pubescent, slightly thicker than a crow-quill.

Leaves thinly coriaceous; elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, the apex sub-

acute or acute, the base cuneate ; upper suface dark olivaceous, shining,

glabrous except the depressed midrib; the lower surface dull, paler,

with deciduous rufous pubescence, especially on the prominent midrib ;

main-nerves about 5 pairs, ascending, little curved, slightly prominent

on the lower surface only; length 2°5 to 4 in., breadth 1 to 2 in. ;

petiole ‘2 to 35 in. Male flowers a few together in short cymes grouped

in small axillary clusters. Calyx :2 in. long, narrowly campanulate,

densely rusty-tomentose externally like the corolla, the mouth with

deep narrowly-triangular teeth. Corolla ‘5 in. long, narrowly tubular,

cut half-way down into 4 oblong blunt lobes. Stamens 16, in pairs,

unequal, linear, apiculate; filaments unequal in length; rudimentary

ovary none. Female flowers solitary, calyx much longer than in the 3;

its 4 lobes thick, broad, reniform, rusty-pubescent. Corolla not known ;

ovary hairy. Fruit globose with the apex truncate and depressed in

the middle, densely but minutely pale rusty-tomentose, ‘5 in. long

and about ‘65 in. in diam. Calyx at its base deeply cupular with

4 spreading triangular teeth. D. nov. spec., C. B. Clarke in Herb.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 217

Kew. JD. hirsuta, Linn. fil.,? var., Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XIT. 165.

Mautacca: Maingay (K.D.) 969. Sincarore: Ridley 3787.

Ridley’s No. 1084, from Bukit Timah, in Singapore, seems to belong to this. The

only specimen I have seen is imperfect.

14. Diospyros Lucipa, Wall. Cat. 4127 (1829). A tree 40 to 50 feet

high; young branches from half as thick to as thick as a crow-quill,

minutely puberulous, becoming glabrescent, dark-coloured. Leaves alter-

nate, coriaceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute or obtuse, the base

rounded or cuneate, sometimes a little oblique ; both surfaces when dry

pale olivaceous-brown, glabrous; main-nerves 5 to 9 pairs, spreading,

curved, faint on the lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper ;

midrib bold on the lower surface, somewhat depressed on the upper ;

length 1:25 to 4:5 in., breadth -5 to 1:5 in.; petioles -2 to-4in. Male

flowers sessile, in small fascicles. Calyx nearly ‘15 in. long, campanulate,

with 4 erect broadly triangular lobes, tomentose on both surfaces.

Corolla narrowly tubular, more than twice as long as the calyx, tetra-

gonous in bud, sericeous-tomentose outside, the tube glabrous inside ;

limb deeply divided into 4 narrowly oblong thick lobes. Stamens 12 to

16, in pairs united by their short filaments and face to face; anthers

linear, glabrous, minutely apiculate, and on short sericeous filaments ;

rudimentary ovary linear. Female flowers 1 or 2 together, axillary or

extra-axillary, sub-sessile. Calyx longer than in the ¢ , lobed nearly to the

base ; lobes broadly ovate, their recurved margins minutely tomentose.

Fruit globose, 75 in. or more in diam., sub-truncate and slightly

umbonate at the apex, adpressed rusty-pubescent at first, ultimately

glabrous, 4-6-seeded; the accrescent calyx» at its base woody,

cupular, ‘6 in. across with 4 short broad reflexed lobes; albumen of

seed not ruminate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 233; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 568. D. hirsuta, var. lwcida Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil.

Soc. XIT. 163(not of Linn. fil.)

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3637; Maingay (K.D.) 970, 973, 977,

3,900; Derry 14389. Perak: Scortechim; Wray 3018, 3056.

Prenane: Curtis 250, 1602; King’s Collector 1050, 1760. SinGapore:

fiidley 2119, 2749, 3580, 4962, 4963, 6129, 8115, 9212, 9517.

This is probably only a southern form of the Indian species D. lanceefolia, Roxb.

15. Diospyros opLonea, Wall. Cat. 4124 (1829). <A tree; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, purplish-brown when dry, glabrous.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous, glabrous; oblong-elliptic, shortly and

abruptly apiculate, the base rounded or slightly cuneate ; both surfaces

218 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

faintly reticulate, quite glabrous, shining; main-nerves 16 to 18 pairs,

spreading, little curved, interarching boldly at a little distance from the

edges, prominent on the lower surface, depressed on the upper ; midrib

very bold on the lower surface, depressed on the upper; length 7 to 9

in., breadth 3 to 3°75 in. ; petiole -4 in., very stout. Male flowers about

*5 in. long, salver-shaped, in short axillary cymes, coriaceous, sub-

sessile, ‘5 in. long. Calyx and corolla everywhere adpressed-tomentose.

Calyx shorter than the corolla, campanulate, cleft to near the base into

5 oblong, blunt, sub-erect lobes. Corolla-twbe narrow, not constricted at

the throat; limb with 5 large broad rotund lobes with recurved edges.

Stamens 10, united in pairs by the bases of their filaments, the inner

ones smaller, all inserted on the base of the calyx-tube. Female flowers

1 to 5 together, -25 to -3 in. long, with 5 deep ovate-oblong auriculate

sub-plicate lobes. Corolla -35 in. long, densely hairy outside, deeply

lobed; staminodes 5; ovary 10-celled, rusty-hairy. F'vwit sub-globose,

sub-truncate at base and apex, glabrous when ripe; the hispid accrescent

calyx ‘75 in. across, its lobes auriculate; albumen of seed not

ruminate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 243; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

XIT. 243; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 569; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 1045.

Manaccea: Mamgay (K.D.) 967. Prnane: Curtis 1564, 2487.

3658. Sincarpore: fiidley 2747, 3031, 6311. PErRax: King’s

Collector 3794, 4924, 7237, 8278.

16. Diospyros Heureri, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 569

(1882). A tree 20 to 30 feet high ; young branches half as thick as a

goose-quill, pale puberulous, the bark dark. Leaves alternate, coriaceous ;

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, sub-acute or obtuse, the base broad or sub-

acute; the upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, glabrous

except the depressed puberulous midrib, the reticulations minute but

distinct ; lower brown, glabrescent but puberulous on the rather stout

midrib and nerves; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, rather faint, spreading,

horizontal, interarching boldly about :25 in. from the edge; length 5°5

to 7°5 in., breadth 2°5 to 3:25 in.; petiole -4 to ‘5 in., stout, pubescent.

Male flowers unknown. Female flowers :5 in. long, axillary, solitary or

2 together, sessile. Calyx coriaceous, densely pubescent inside and

out, deeply divided into 5 broadly oblong, sub-acute lobes, accrescent,

and becoming concave along the midribs of the lobes. Corolla some-

what longer than the calyx, sericeous externally ; the tube short, the

limb-lobes deep, broadly oblong, blunt; staminodes few, flat. Ovary

broadly ovoid, densely sericeous-tomentose. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid,

nearly 1 in. long, and slightly less in diam., glabrous; the accrescent

calyx erabracing its base deeply 5-lobed, plicate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 219

Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3632. KepaH: Curtis 2596, 8327?;

fiidley 327.

17. Diospyros tristis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 40 to 50

feet high; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, covered with

deciduous almost black tomentum. JLeaves alternate, coriaceous;

oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate; both

surfaces dingy olivaceous-brown when dry, minutely reticulate ; upper

surface glabrous, shining, the lower dull, the prominent midrib densely

clothed with dark hairs; the 7 or 8 pairs of prominent ascending

main-nerves and the intermediate spaces with a few similar hairs with

bulbous bases; length 6 to 9 in., breadth 2 to 2°75 in.; petioles -4

to din. Male flowers -3 in. long, in short axillary cymes -75 in. long,

the branches and pedicels densely dark rusty-tomentose outside. Calyx

glabrous inside ; the mouth with 5 broad short obtuse teeth. Corolla

fleshy, glabrous, like the calyx in shape and of about the same length.

Stamens 24; anthers lanceolate, shortly appendiculate at the apex,

sessile. Female flowers unknown. fruit depressed-globose, glabrous,

shining, nearly 2 in.in diam.; the calyx at its base thick, woody, flat,

1:5 in. across, with 5 spreading triangular lobes.

Perak: Wray 2190; King’s Collector 5521.

18. Diospyros PAuciFLoRA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A glabrous shrub

or small tree; young branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, their

bark dark and rough. Leaves rather large, alternate, very coriaceous ;

oblong-lanceolate or -oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the

base slightly cuneate; upper surface olivaceous, shining, lower

ochraceous, dull; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, spreading, curved, and

interarching boldly -1 or -2 in. from the slightly recurved edge; length

5 to 10 in., breadth 1°75 to 3 in.; petiole ‘25 to °3 in., corrugated.

Male flowers -3in. long, sessile and in sessile axillary fascicles of from 3

to 6. Calyx :25 in. long, narrowly tubular, somewhat narrowed at

base and apex, coriaceous, pale in colour, the mouth with 4 broad

triangular short erect lobes, outer surface with a layer of minute

adpressed tawny tomentum and scattered over it many black adpressed

hairs; the interior paler, pustular, with a few similar scattered hairs

and a thick ring of them near the base surrounding the rudimentary

ovary and clothing it also. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx,

fleshy, widely tubular, divided for half its length into 4 broad obtuse

lobes with a broad line of adpressed black hairs along the midrib of each

outside, the rest of the outer surface adpressed-sericeous, the interior

quite glabrous. Stamens 12, viz., 8 in pairs standing face to face and

united by their short filaments, and 4 free; anthers of all linear,

densely hairy, on short glabrous filaments. Female flowers not seen.

220 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

PERAK: King’s Collector 7363, 7749.

19. DiosPYROS ELLIPSOIDEA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree or

shrub ; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill, decidu-

ously and densely rusty-puberulous. Leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous ;

oblong to elliptic-oblong, rarely slightly oblanceolate, apex acute, base

rounded ; both surfaces when dry olivaceous-brown, the upper glabrous,

the midrib sometimes rusty-puberulous, the lower surface darker,

minutely puberulous; midrib and 10 to 12 pairs of curved ascending

nerves faintly prominent on the lower and depressed on the upper

surface; length 6 to 10 in.; breadth 2:25 to 3:5 in.; petioles :25 to

‘3 in. Male flowers in dense axillary cymes of 6 to 12, not much

longer than the petioles ; bracteoles few, broad, densely rusty-tomentose.

Calyx sub-sessile, tomentose externally, glabrous internally, divided

into 4 sub-rotund blunt lobes. Corolla glabrous, very fleshy towards

the apex, with 4 broad deep lobes. Stamens at the base of the tube,

broadly ovate, apiculate, filaments flattened. Female flowers in sub-

sessile clusters of 3 or 4. Calyx with 4 rounded lobes, reflexed,

coriaceous, and in fruit only °35 in. across. Frwit ellipsoid, glabrous,

crowned by the short style and subtended by the reflexed broadly-lobed

small calyx, 1 to 1:25 in. long and ‘8 in. in diam. Seeds few, ellipsoid,

apiculate, two of the sides compressed.

Perak: King’s Collector 2233, 3250, 7098, 7269, 7320, 7689,

8215; Scortechini 1615.

20. Diosprros Watticuti, King & Gamble. A tree 30 to 60 feet

high; young branches covered with minute coarse hair, the older

verrucose. Leaves alternate, coriaceous’; oblong or elliptic-oblong, apex

acute, base cuneate or rounded; edges slightly recurved; upper

surface glabrous and shining, lower paler, minutely pubescent at

first but becoming glabrescent, both olivaceous when dry; midrib

depressed on the upper surface, bold on the lower; main-nerves 14 to

18 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, prominent on the lower surface,

faint on the upper; length 8 to 14 in., breadth 2°5 to 5 in.; petiole -d

to 75 in. Male cymes ‘5 to 75 in. long, in clusters (often crowded) on

the branches, 7-10-flowered; bracteoles broad, blunt, concave, thick

like the calyx and corolla, and like them densely rusty-tomentose

externally. Calyx ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, tubular; the mouth with 4 blunt

triangular erect teeth ; tomentose on both surfaces. Corolla thrice as

long as the calyx; narrowly tubular, glabrous inside. Stamens 16, in

2. rows, the inner attached to the outer at the bases of their filaments;

all linear ; rudimentary ovary small, hairy. emale flower rather larger

than the g, but in smaller cymes; the calyx tetragonous and deeply

grooved, very fleshy, becoming woody, very large and boldly 4-angled and

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 221

grooved in the ripe fruit. Corolla as in the g, but somewhat longer.

Staminodes about 16. Ovary conical densely hairy; stigma glabrous,

with 4 deep oblong truncate lobes. Frwit 1 in. in diam., nearly twice

as much across the calyx, sub-globose, deeply immersed in the large

thickened calyx, its apex truncate-concave; seeds 4 or 5. D. macro-

phylla, Wall. Cat. 4141 (not of Blume). D. undulata, Wall. A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 233; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 216 (a part) ;

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i. 23, and For. Fl. IT. 135 (an

wart) ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 568.

Penane: Curtis 1085; Ridley 7174. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.),

974; Griffith (K.D.) 3636. Prrax: Scortechint 1976; Wray 2535,

2865. King’s Collector 2966, 2982, 4058, 6779, 7459, 7619, 10123.

Kepak: Curtis 2594. Sruancor: Ridley 2748, 8544.

This is the plant issued by Wallich as No. 4141 of his Catalogue under the name

D. macrophylla. Being different from the older D. macrophylla of Blume, a new

name had to be found for it. This was done by De Candolle, who reduced it, as a

variety, to Wallich’s D. undulata with the type specimen of which in Wallich’s own

herbarium it does not agree. De Candolle was followed by Hiern, Kurz, and

Clarke ; we now restore it to specific rank. The true D. undulata, Wall., is a Burmese

species. It is found also in the Andaman Islands, but it has not as yet been collected

in Malaya.

21. Diospyros ARGENTEA, Griff. Notul. TV. 288 (1854). A tree 15 to

50 feet high; young branches about as thick as a goose-quill, covered with

sub-deciduous yellowish silky hairs. Leaves large, coriaceous; oblong,

apex acute, base rather abruptly cuneate or rounded; upper surface

warm brown when dry, glabrous and shining, the midrib depressed ;

lower densely covered with yellowish adpressed sericeous hair, the

midrib very stout ; main-nerves invisible on both surfaces ; length 6 to

10 in.; breadth 1°65 to 3:5 in.; petioles -1 to -25in. Male flowers in

somewhat supra-axillary few-flowered shortly pedunculate spike-like

cymes 1 to 1:25 in. long (peduncle included) ; bracts ovate -2 in. long.

Calyx -25 in. long, deeply 4-lobed, villous. Corolla -35 in. long,

tubular, lobed half-way down, very villous outside. Stamens 20 to 24.

Female flower solitary on a peduncle -2 in. long; calyx campanulate,

‘dD in. long, with ovate lobes. Corolla *65 in. long. Stamznodes 4 to 5.

Ovary 4-celled, 8-ovuled, densely hairy; styles 4, erect, hairy. Fruit

ellipsoid, apiculate, 2 to 2-5 in. long and 1 to 2 in. in diam., densely rusty-

tomentose ; the calyx persistent, its lobes enlarged, broad, very coria-

ceous, shortly hairy. Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 262 ;

Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 569. D. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4131

{not of Willd.).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3625; Maingay (K.D.) 968, 970; Goodenough

222 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

1301, 1476. Stnaapore: Ridley 3648, 5898; Hullett 825. Prax:

Wray 172, 1892; King’s Collector 4812, 5862, 6387, 6896, 8003,

8142; Scortechint 498. PaneKxore: Curtis 1365. Smnancor: Ridley.

10271. Panane: Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IIT. 318 in

Tahan woods.

22. Diospyros RIGIDA, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII.

257 (1873). A tree 30 to 60 feet high; young branches as thick

as a goose-quill, minutely dark rusty-tomentose.- Leaves alternate,

very coriaceous, large; oblong or elliptic-oblong, equal-sided, the

apex sub-acute, the base rounded and neither oblique nor cordate ;

upper surface dark olivaceous-brown when dry, shining, minutely

reticulate; lower paler olivaceous-brown, covered except the midrib

with a very thin film of minute tomentum, minutely reticulate ;

midrib very bold on the lower surface, pubescent at the sides,

slightly depressed on the upper; main-nerves 14 to 20 pairs, spread-

ing, interarching -35 in. from the edge, slightly distinct on the

lower surface, invisible on the upper; length 10 to 18 in., breadth 2 to

4 in.; petiole -4 to ‘6 in., very stout. Male flowers when in bud °4 in.

long and nearly °3 in. in diam., few, in short extra-axillary cymes,

densely covered with black tomentum; the pedicels stout, deflexed,

about *75 in. long. Calyx densely tomentose, ovoid, tapered to the

apex, its mouth with 4 broad shallow blunt teeth. Corolla (apparently)

not much longer than the calyx, very coriaceous, glabrous, the tube

ovoid; the lobes short, oblong, blunt. Stamens about 20, inserted at

the base of the tube, unequal; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, almost

sessile. Female flowers unknown. Ripe fruit in cymes, depressed-

globose, glaberulous, with a woody rind, 1:75 in. in length from base to

apex and 2 in. in diam.; remains of style none; calyx at base of fruit

cupular, 1°5 in. across, divided into 4 reticulate leathery spreading

broadly ovate lobes; peduncle ‘75 to 1:25 in. long, with dark hispid

hairs.

Perak: King’s Collector 4024, 5732, 5971, 6801; Wray 3708.—

Distris. Borneo.

23. Diosprros HorsFIELpDII, Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XIT.

193 (1873). A tree 20 to 40 feet high, all parts except the cymes

glabrous; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale. Leaves

alternate, coriaceous ; oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, apex sub-acute,

base slightly cuneate or rounded, the edges slightly recurved when dry;

upper surface when dry olivaceous-green, lower surface brown; the

midrib and nerves depressed; the reticulations, midrib, and 8 to 14

pairs of curved spreading main-nerves very bold and prominent ; length

6 to 10 in., breadth 2°5 to 4 in.; petioles -35 in. Cymes 2 to 3in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 223

covered with black pubescence, few-flowered, collected on extra-axillary

or axillary tubercles, sometimes forming small panicles, consisting

mostly of 3 flowers, and often with only a few 2, with many

oblanceolate blunt bracts -25 to *3 in. long, and some smaller brac-

teoles ; branches of the cyme striate when dry. Calyx ‘15 in. long,

divided to its base into 4 broadly ovate undulate lobes. Corolla

in bud eylindric, tetragonous at the base; about °4 in. long, tomen-

tose, deeply divided into 4 narrowly elliptic blunt lobes. Stamens

about 16 in 2 rows, united into a tube, the anterior row smaller than

the posterior, all narrow and apiculate, the filaments short and hairy.

Female flowers like the $ as to calyx, but with corolla somewhat longer

and with about 12 flat staminodes. Ovary ovoid-conic, tomentose,

attenuated into a long style. Stigma with several small lobes; ovary

8-celled.- Fruit when ripe ovoid-globular, 1 to 1:25 in. in diam., glab-

rescent, subtended by the accrescent calyx with large reticulate undulate

lobes. Seeds compressed, oblong. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT.

d71. LD. frutescens, Hassk. Pl. As. Rar. 467 (not of Blume).

Manacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3620. PrRaK: Scortechini 1765; King’s

Collector 8261.—Distrip. Java.

Specimens of this sent from Herbarium Koordersianum, Buitenzorg, have pentamerous

flowers; but in other respects they do not differ from the Perak specimens in Herb.

Calcutta.

24. Diospyros ToposioipEs, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous

tree 15 to 40 feet high, sometimes only a shrub; young branches

rather thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown and striate when dry.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous; oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate or acute,

base rounded; edges slightly recurved when dry; both surfaces pale

olivaceous when dry, minutely but distinctly reticulate, the upper

shining, the lower darker and dull; midrib channelled on the upper

surface, strong and prominent on the lower ; main-nerves 16 to 20 pairs,

spreading, little-curved, interarching far from the edge, the intermediate

nerves nearly as prominent; length 7 to 11 in.; breadth 2 to 4 in. ;

- petiole -3 to -4 in. long, stout, wrinkled when dry like the midrib. Male

flowers -25 in. long, on pedicels longer than themselves, in cymose

axillary panicles about 1 in. in length. Calyx coriaceous, glabrous,

campanulate, with wide truncate entire or sub-entire mouth. Corolla

slightly exceeding the calyx, ovoid, inflated below, contracted to the

4-toothed apex. Stamens numerous, linear, slightly auricled at the base,

filaments very short. Female flowers when in bud ‘3 in. long, conical.

Calyx acutely 4-angled in bud; the 4 lobes deltoid, very coriaceous,

puberulous outside, rusty-tomentose inside like the ovary and young

224 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fruit, accrescent in fruit. Corolla slightly longer than the calyx,

tubular, with 4 short erect ovate lobes, quite glabrous. Stamnodes

about 12, flattened, villous behind. Ovary conical, densely rusty-

tomentose. Stigma glabrous, short, with 8 small lobes. Frwt in

cymes, depressed-globular, 1 to 1:25 in. in diam., much exceeding the

minutely reticulate calyx, glabrescent, minutely tuberculate. Seeds

compressed.

Perak: King’s Collector 4106, 4361, 4889, 5769, 8242, 8357;

Scortechini ; Ridley 3079, 10302 ?

The leaves of this in texture and reticulations much resemble those of D. Toposia,

Ham. The flowers and inflorescence are, however, different from those of that

species.

25. DIosPYRos OLEIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 4128 (1829). A tree; young

branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, almost black when dry,

sparsely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, alternate; narrowly oblong to

elliptic, sub-acute or acute, the base cuneate; upper surface pale

olivaceous, glabrous, shining; the lower yellowish, dull, for the most

part glabrous, but usually with sparse adpressed black detachable

hairs near the midrib and base; main-nerves invisible on either

surface ; midrib strong on the lower surface, slightly depressed on

the upper, length 6°5 in.; breadth 2 in.; petiole -25 in. long.

Male cymes on axillary peduncles about °3 in. long, each bearing 3

unequally pedicellate flowers ‘5 in. long; all very dark in colour and

with black hairs like those on the outer surface of the calyx. Calyx

‘4 in. long, tubular-campanulate, densely adpressed rusty-tomentose

inside, cut half-way down into 4 triangular erect lobes. Corolla

tubular, slightly longer than the calyx, very thick, densely tomentose

like the interior of the calyx; its lobes 4, very thick, oblong, spreading

slightly. Anthers attached near the base of the tube, 16, linear-

lanceolate, sessile. Female flowers on longer panicles than the males ;

pedunculate calyx with 4 triangular acute lobes, velvety outside, tawny-

tomentose inside. Fruit depressed-globose, 1°35 in. in diam.; the

pericarp woody, glabrous when ripe, tawny-tomentose when young,

the persistent calyx at.its base thick, woody, nearly 1 in. in diam.,

with dark tomentum outside. A. DC. Prod. VII. 1382; Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng.’ XL, Pt. I. 72, ids envi Rika:

and For. Fl. II. 132; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 204;

Clarke in Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 567.

- Penane: Curtis 1573. Perak: King’s Collector 3876; Scortechini.

—Distris. Burma, Java.

26. Diospyros BRAcHIATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous tree

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 225

20 to 40 feet high; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate,

the base slightly cuneate or rounded; upper surface pale olivaceous

when dry, lower pale brown; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, curved,

ascending, prominent like the midrib on the lower surface, depressed

somewhat on the upper; length 5:5 to 9in.; breadth 1°5 to 2°5 in. ;

petioles 3 to ‘S5in. Male flowers about ‘5 in. long. Calyx -2 in. long,

campanulate, divided almost to the base into 5 ovate-acute erect lobes,

each folded vertically along the midrib so as to form a deep dorsal

groove, everywhere minutely rusty-tomentose. Corolla twice as long as

the calyx, narrowly tubular; the tube 5-angled, externally divided, the

5 lobes twice as long as the tube, linear-oblong, contorted in estivation,

the external half of each lobe tawny-tomentose, the inner half and the

whole of the anterior surface glabrous. Stamens 14, linear, apiculate,

sub-sessile. Female flowers :4 in. long, collected in compound umbellate

axillary cymes 1:5 to 1:75 in. long and about as much across, the

branches compressed, rusty-puberulous, spreading, bearing a few oblong

obtuse bracts; flower-pedicels varying in length from :1 to ‘2 in,

bibracteolate. Calyx fleshy, tomentose outside, deeply divided into _

ovate-acuminate erect grooved lobes. Corolla tubular, tomentose

outside, glabrous inside, very thick, deeply divided into 4 oblong lobes.

Stanunodes about 8, lanceolate, flattened. Ovary ovoid, tapering into a

short style, tomentose. Fvwt depressed-globose, puberulous, *75 to

‘9 in diam., and about the same from below the calyx to the somewhat

concave apex; calyx woody, thick, 1 in. wide, with triangular deeply

grooved sub-acute lobes.

Penane: Curtis 1453, 1454, 10230.

27. DIOSPYROS PANICULATA, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. IV. 109

(1852). A tree 50 to 70 feet high ; young branches less than half as thick

as a goose-quill, rusty-puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, alternate ;

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly apiculate or acuminate ;

the base cuneate or rounded; both surfaces pale olivaceous when dry,

the reticulations minute and distinct, especially on the glabrous upper

surface ; main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs, curving upwards and forming arches

far from the edge, bold like the midrib on the lower surface and

slightly depressed on the upper ; lower surface softly pubescent ; length

4 to 7:5 in., breadth 1:65 to 2°5 in.; petiole -25, stout, channelled,

pubescent. Male and female flowers not seen. Fruit in lax racemoid

cymes, ellipsoid, crowned by the small remains of the style, rufous-

hirsute when young, ultimately glabrous, 1:5 in. long and 1 in. in

diam.; the accrescent calyx at its base with 4 large broadly ovate

membranous lobes with many vertical nerves and numerous distinct

226 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

minute reticulations, each lobe 1:25 long and nearly as wide. Dalz. &

Gibs. Flora Bombay, 141; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. exxv, and Fl. Sylv.

Madr. exliv; Hiern in Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. XII. 190; Clarke in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 570.

PerAK: King’s Collector 7637, 8163.

The scanty specimens from Perak are in fruit only, but the leaves and fruit agree

so well with those of D. paniculata—a species hitherto known only from the west of

the Indian Peninsula—that, in spite of the anomalous geographical distribution, we,

temporarily at least, refer the Perak specimens to that species.

28. Diospyros Kunstueri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to

40 feet high; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous.

Leaves alternate, large, thickly membranous ; elliptic to elliptic-oblong,

acute, the base rounded; both surfaces, when dry, olivaceous-brown,

the lower rather darker than the upper, somewhat shining, faintly

reticulate ; main-nerves 8 to 12 pairs, much curved, spreading, ascend-

ing, and forming wide arches ‘25 in. from the edge, prominent on the

lower surface like the midrib, somewhat depressed on the upper ; length

8 to 12 in., breadth 3-5 to 4:5 in.; petioles -25 to -35 in. Male flowers

unknown. Female flowers in short axillary and extra-axillary puberu-

lous cymes, nearly 1 in. long, pedicellate ; bracts narrow, nearly as long

as the pedicels, oblong. /ruzt in short stout cymes (unripe) depressed-

globular, crowned by the short remains of the style, with 4 or 5 vertical

ridges, everywhere densely rusty-tomentose, subtended by the accres-

cent almost woody calyx, with 4 deep reniform-cordate apiculate erect

undulate lobes.

Perak: King’s Collector 4343, 7633, 8229.

29. Diosprros nutans, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small

tree 8 to 16 feet high; young branches less than one-third as thick as a

goose-quill, deciduously villous, the older much thicker with deeply

channelled dark-coloured, sub-glabrous bark. Leaves alternate, thinly

coriaceous ; oblong or sub-oblanceolate-oblong, apex shortly caudate-

acuminate, the base rounded ; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper

glabrous, the lower puberulous, but often villous on the prominent

midrib ; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs, curved, ascending, interarching near

the margin, the reticulations distinct ; length 5 to 7 in., breadth 1-5 to

2°25 in.; petiole 15 in. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered, borne on the

apices of slender slightly supra-axillary flexuous puberulous peduncles

much longer than the leaves (often twice as long); bracteoles few, small,

lanceolate, concave. Male flowers in different cymes from the females,

‘5 in. long, on short pedicels less than :1 in. long. Calyx puberulous,

campanulate, with 5 long lanceolate lobes. Corolla four times as long

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 227

as the calyx, narrowly tubular, slightly constricted at the throat, hairy

outside, glabrous inside; the limb with 5 deep oblong lobes. Stamens

10, linear-elliptic, apiculate, inserted in the bottom of the tube, 5 sessile

and 5 with filaments. Female flowers shorter than the g, with

small filamentous staminodes. Ovary narrowly ovoid, densely rufous-

hirsute, attenuated into a long pubescent style crowned by 5 short

glabrous reflexed small stigmas. Fywit narrowly ellipsoid, sparsely

hairy, 6 to 1 in. long and ‘5 in. in diam., crowned by the persistent

style and subtended by the non-accrescent calyx. Seeds few, narrowly

ellipsoid.

PERAK: Scortechint 674, 1678; King’s Collector 378, 2675, 2987,

3573, 7087.

Differs from all the other Malayan species by its long peduncled pendulous

inflorescence.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN.

30. DiospyRos REFLEXA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 70

feet high; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, covered with a

layer of minute deciduous rusty pubescence. Leaves alternate, thickly

coriaceous ; oblong to elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate;

upper surface olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower pale brown, both

minutely reticulate ; main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs, spreading, interarching

‘15 in. from the slightly recurved edges; length 5 to 7°5 in., breadth

1:75 to 3 in.; petiole 4 or ‘5 in. Flowers unknown. Fruit hemi-

spheric with depressed truncate apex, under 1 in. in diam.; the calyx

embracing the very base of the fruit with 4 fleshy much reflexed

revolute triangular fleshy lobes, densely rusty-tomentose like the fruit.

Perak: King’s Collector 7676, 7747.

The curious fleshy calyx with much-reflexed lobes distinguishes this from all the

other Malayan species.

31. Diospyros PENANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 20 to

30 feet high; young branches twice as thick as a crow-quill, covered

with deciduous hair of two sorts, namely, a uniform coat of minute

rusty tomentum with long rusty bristle-like hairs protruding through it.

Leaves alternate, coriaceous; oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate,

narrowed below the middle to the rather broad auriculately cordate

base; upper surface when dry pale brown, shining, glabrous except the

puberulous depressed midrib ; lower surface reddish-brown, transversely

reticulate, with pubescence like that of the young branches on the stout

midrib and 10 to 14 pairs of ascending rather straight main-nerves,

otherwise glabrescent; length 5°5 to 7°5 in., breadth 1:25 to 2°25 in.;

petioles -15 to -2 in. long, hispid. Male and female flowers unknown.

228 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Frwit sessile, globular, from -75 to 1 in. in diam., densely covered with

minute rufous tomentum, crowned by the short remains of the style

and subtended by the small calyx with 5 broad reflexed lobes.

_ Prenane: Curtis 2221.

Collected only in Penang. In leaves this resembles the Bornean plant named by

Hiern Maba? cordata. The 5-cleft calyx of this is suggestive rather of Diospyros than

of Maba. :

32. Diospyros nuFA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 60 to 80 feet

high; young branches about half as thick as a goose-quill or thicker,

glabrous, brown and rough when dry. Leaves alternate, thickly coria-

ceous; oblong-elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, the apex shortly and

bluntly acuminate, the base much narrowed; upper surface warm

brown when dry, glabrous, very shining; the lower dull, glabrous or

slightly puberulous towards the base; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs,

spreading, little curved, interarching near the slightly incurved edges,

slightly prominent on the lower surface and somewhat depressed on the

upper when dry; length 5:5 to 7°5 in., breadth 1°75 to 2°25 in.; petioles

‘4 to ‘6 in., stout, channelled. Male and female flowers unknown. Frutt

globular-ovoid, blunt, 1:25 to 1:5 in. long and about 1:15 in. in diam.,

densely rusty-tomentose. Calyx at base flat, 4-angled, -4 in. in diam.,

rusty-tomentose.

Perak: King’s Collector 3330, 4945, 5409, 6712.

33. DiospyRos AREOLATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 50 to 60

feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, rusty-puberulous

becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate, very coriaceous; oblong, sub-

acute, the base rounded ; both surfaces glabrous except the puberulous

midrib and sometimes the main-nerves, hepatic-brown when dry ; the

upper shining, minutely and faintly areolate ; the lower dull and boldly

areolar-reticulate ; midrib bold on the lower surface, slightly depressed

on the upper; main-nerves about 7 pairs, curved, ascending abrupily,

faint on the lower surface, almost invisible on the upper ; length 4°5 to

6 in.; breadth 1°5 to 1°75 in.; petioles ‘5 or ‘6in. Male flowers (only

buds seen) under ‘5 in. in length, collected near the ends of the branches in

tomentose cymes ‘5 tol in. long. Calyx coriaceous, on a thick pedicel

shorter than itself, ovoid in bud; the mouth with triangular short

teeth. Corolla like the calyx, but glabrous and fleshy. Stamens about

21; anthers linear, apiculate, nearly uniform, sub-sessile or on short

broad flat filaments, sometimes slightly attached in groups of 3. Female

flower probably solitary, much broader than the 3. Calyx velvety

outside and inside, divided nearly to the base into 4 ovate-triangular

very acute lobes 4 in. long. Corolla fleshy, glabrous, ‘6 in. long, its

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 229

tube wide with staminodes like the anthers of the g but not so

numerous; limb about as long as the tube, with 4 deep, broad, sub-

quadrate spreading lobes. Ovary ovoid-conic, densely rusty-pilose.

Stigmas 4, oblong, fleshy, glabrous. Frwit unknown.

Perak: Scortechim 476 ; King’s Collector 5813.

34, Diosprros Curtis, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?); young

branches rather thicker than a goose-quill, rugulose and dark-coloured

when dry, glabrous. Leaves alternate, thinly membranous; oblong or

oblong-elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate, base rounded or slightly

cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, the upper olivaceous when dry, the

lower brown ; main-nerves 7 to 9 pairs, slightly curved, ascending, faint

on both surfaces; the midrib prominent on the lower surface, slightly so

on the upper ; length 2°5 to 5 in., breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petioles -2 in.

Male flowers not seen. Female flowers -25 in. long, in extra-axillary or

axillary fascicles of about 3 on the younger branches; pedicels about

‘2 in. long, cinerous-pubescent, each with 2 oblong obtuse bracteoles at

its base, about °5 in. long. Calyx coriaceous, nearly -2 in. broad at the

base, deeply divided into 4 triangular-reniform glabrescent lobes.

Corolla partially glabrous, about as long as the calyx, salver-shaped ;

tube short; limb divided into 4 deep, broadly ovate, spreading lobes.

Stamvinodes about 4, linear-lanceolate, compressed. Ovary narrowly

oblong, tapering into the short thick style, densely tawny-tomentose.

Frwit unknown.

Punau Poonean: Curtis 2942.

35. DiospyRos GLOMERULATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree 40 to

60 feet high ; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, densely

clothed with minute rufous pubescence. Leaves membranous, alternate;

elliptic, shortly and bluntly apiculate, the base rounded or slightly

cuneate; upper surface olivaceous when dry, glabrous; the lower

brown, puberulous, midrib bold; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs, slightly

curved, ascending; length 2:25 to 3°5 in., breadth 1:25 to 1:75 in. ;

petiole about -1in. Male flowers -2 in. long, crowded in dense sessile

axillary and extra-axillary globular capitules ‘4 in.across. Calyx sessile,

- campanulate, tomentose, deeply divided into 4 broadly triangular sub-

acute erect lobes. Corolla tubular, tetragonous, thick, about as long as

the calyx; tube glabrous, the 4 lobes pubescent outside, oblong.

Stamens 8, separate. Anthers broadly lanceolate, apiculate, filaments

short. Female flowers and frwit not known.

PrraAk: King’s Collector 8590.

The following description of a Diospyros from Pahang is taken from

Ridley’s account of the Flora of the Eastern Coast of the Malay

Peninsula.

230 ' Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

36. Diospyros cauicinosa, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III.

318 (1893). <A graceful lofty tree; bark black; branches pubescent.

Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, acute; 8 in. long, 3 in. broad; main-

nerves 13 pairs; glabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath on the

midrib and nerves; petiole -25 in. long, minutely pubescent. Flowers

on old wood, fascicled ; peduncles short, covered with a black pubescence.

Calyx of $ flower patelliform ; sepals 4, broadly ovate, obtuse, covered

without and on the margin with black hair. Corolla urceolate, white,

silky, -5 in. long; lobes 4, short, ovate, recurved. Stamens 16,

collected in pairs; filaments thick, minutely hispid; anthers glabrous,

long-conical with acute tips. Ovary abortive, 4-lobed, irregular, the

lobes furrowed; style conical. Flowers of ? not seen. Fruit small,

globose, surrounded by the accrescent sepals.

PaHANnG: in thick woods at Kota Glanggi and Kwala Tembeling,

Ridley.

We are unable, having seen no specimen, to make quite sure of the place of this

species. It seems to come very near to No. 17 D. tristis, King & Gamble.

Order LXXIII. STYRACEAL.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules none. Flowers

in simple or branched axillary or terminal racemes or spikes, sometimes

solitary ; usually white, rarely red; bracts small, often minute or obso-

lete. Calyx gamosepalous, the tube more or less adnate to the ovary,

so that it may be superior or inferior; limb 4~5-toothed or truncate,

persistent. Corolla of 4 to 5 petals, the tube usually short, sometimes

none; petals imbricate or sometimes valvate or contorted. Stamens

adnate to the petals, equal in number to them or double or very many ;

1-many-seriate; filaments free or connate; anthers round or linear,

dehiscing laterally. Ovary inferior or superior, 2-5-celled or some-

times, by the separation of the septa, 1-celled; style filiform, sometimes

thick; stigma capitate, entire or lobed; ovules 1 or more, on the inner

angle of each cell, pendulous or erect. rwt drupaceous, indehiscent,

1-, rarely 2-3-seeded. Seeds albuminous, testa thin or coriaceous, hilum

generally broad ; embryo straight or curved, cotyledons terete or flat-

tened ; radicle cylindrical or short.—Distris. Warmer regions of Asia,

Australia, and America, absent from Africa; genera 7 or 8, species

about 350.

Stamens many, in several series .. oc oe .. 1. Symezocos.

Stamens 10, in one series Bi ss 5 .. 2. Srypax.

Flora of the Malayan Penmsula. 231

1. Symprocos, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often turning yellow when dry,

entire or toothed. Flowers white, sometimes red, in axillary simple or

compound spikes or racemes, sometimes in few-flowered fascicles, occa-

sionally reduced to one flower ; bracts small, solitary at the base of the

pedicels ; bracteoles 1 to 3, small, at the base of the flower. Calyx-twbe

adnate, short when in flower, campanulate, often enlarged in fruit ; lobes

0, imbricate. Petals 5 in one series, or 6 to 10 in two series, free or

somewhat connate, or sometimes connate in a tube, imbricate. Stamens

adnate to the corolla, at the base of the petals or higher up the tube,

numerous, many-seriate, the outer the longest; filaments filiform, or

sometimes flattened; anthers short, dehiscing in longitudinal parallel

cells. Ovary inferior, or semi-superior, 2-5-celled; style filiform ;

stigmas capitate, slightly lobed; ovules 2, pendulous from the inner

angle of each cell. Fruit an oblong, ovoid or sub-globose drupe ; endo-

carp woody or thin, often ridged or ribbed, 1-3-seeded. Seeds usually

1 only (by abortion) ; embryo terete, straight or curved, in the centre

of fleshy albumen; cotyledons much shorter than the radicle.——

Distris. Warmer regions of Asia, Australia and America, species

about 290 to 300.

Filaments more or less pentadelphous; corolla-tube divided

nearly to the base (Subg. I. Hopra) :—

Fruit (where known) more or less ampulliform; embryo

curved (Sect. i. Panura) :—

Inflorescence compound, branching at any rate at the

base :—

Branches of the inflorescence paniculately racemose,

drupe nearly ‘5 in. long o6 a0 .. 1. S. odoratissima.

Branches of the inflorescence racemose :—

Racemes densely ferruginous-tomentose; pedicels

searcely ‘05 in. long, thick .. ore .. 2. S. fulvosa.

Racemes ferruginous-villous; pedicels -2 in. long,

slender; leaves elliptic, under 4 in. long . 3. S. nivea.

Racemes pulverulent; pedicels -2 in. long, slender: :

leaves obovate O0 Sc 4, S. pulverulenta.

Racemes glabrous or slightly pubescent ; aeikeals ones

than -05 in., slender :—

Leaves over 4 in. one and 2 in. broad; calyx-lobes

glabrous 5 5. S. monticola.

Leaves under 4 in. long sd 1°5 in. inane ally

lobes pubescent . 50 .. 6. S. fasciculata.

Branches of the Peotescence silanes —

Leaves beneath and inflorescence glabrous or nearly so; (7. S. spicata.

endocarp of seed thin . (yar. malasica.

Leaves beneath and inflorescence suangtnee. “illene: ;

endocarp of seed hard, bony .. AG .. 8. S. ferruginea.

232 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Inflorescence simple, racemose ; racemes very short, almost

reduced to fascicles ae ». 9. S. Ridleyi.

Fruit (where known) ovoid-oblong, ac: sanprlace - embryo

straight (Sect. ii. LopHRa) :—

Inflorescence paniculate, branching usually from the base

only :—

Branches of the inflorescence racemose, more than °5 i in.

long :-—

Leaves glabrous or nearly so; fruit glabrous :—

leaf-margins prominently broad-crenate, apex

shortly and bluntly acuminate 3c .. 10. S. celastrifolia.

Leaf-margins obscurely crenate or entire :—

Leaf-margins prominently glandular, texture

almost coriaceous é .. 11. S. adenophylia.

Leaf-margins not dendlon texture chavieanes. 12. S. perakensis.

Leaves very hairy ; fruit villous é . 13. S. Brandiana.

Branches of the inflorescence racemose, ander 5 in. loner :

leaf-margins entire or nearly so .. 36 .. 14. S. concolor.

Inflorescence unbranched :—

Inflorescence racemose :—

Racemes 2 to 3 in. long, slender, few-flowered .. 15. S. calycodactylos.

Racemes very short :—

Leaves coriaceous, acute or rounded or emarginate

at apex; fruit ovoid-oblong, under °5 in. long .. 16. S. ophirensis.

Leaves chartaceous, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate

at base; fruit cylindric-oblong, over -5in. long .. 17. S. Curtisit.

Leaves chartaceous; fruit not known :—

Leaves 6 to 7 in. long, abruptly acuminate at

apex, usually sub-cordate at base, quiteglabrous.. 18. S. crassipes.

Leaves 4 to 7 in. long, long acuminate at apex,

rounded at base, ferruginous-pilose beneath .. 19. S. penangiana.

Inflorescence spicate :—

Drupes large, over 1 in. in length; endocarp with 8

prominent sharp ridges; leaves nearly glabrous :-—

Leaves usually under 6 in. long and 2 in. broad;

young inflorescence without prominent bracts .. 20. S. cerasifolia.

Leaves usually over 6 in. long and 2 in. broad ; young

inflorescence prominently bracteate so as to appear

strobilate a . 21. S. rigida.

Drupes small, under ‘5 in. fenee : satloamsy with fae

ridges only; leaves rusty-pubescent beneath; young

inflorescence strobilate ate D6 .. 22. S. rubiginosa.

Filaments connate in a staminal tube; corolla-tube elongate

(Subg. II. CorpynopuastE) :—

Corolla-tube scarcely -3 in. long ae 36 .. 23. S. confusa.

Corolla-tube about 1 in. long :—

Inflorescence densely mea ; leaves pubescent

beneath ae .. 24, S. Maingayt.

Inflorescence slightly ae: Pabencod leaves pleeroue .. 25. 8. Scortechinit.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 233

Subgenus I.—Hopza.

1. SympLocos oporaAtTissima, Choisy ex Zoll. Syst. Verz. 136 (1854).

A tree with spreading branches reaching 60 to 70 feet in height and

18 to 24 in. in diam. of stem; branches grey, stout; branchlets dark

sreyish-brown, angled, striate, minutely puberulous; leaf-buds acumi-

nate, 15 in. long. Leaves thinly coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-obovate

or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate or slightly

rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margin entire or serrate,

blackish-brown when dry; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib

slender, prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 8 to 10 -

pairs, arching upwards to and along the margin where they meet in an

intramarginal looped nerve near it; reticulations transverse, not pro-

minent; petiole -4 to -6 in. long, flattened above. Injlorescence of

grey-pubescent panicles, 1:5 to 2 in. long, axillary to the upper leaves,

longer in fruit and stouter ; branches paniculately racemose ; bracts very

small, deciduous; bracteoles 2, below the calyx-tube, ovate-acute,

reflexed, ‘05 in. long; pedicels -15 in. long. Calyx-tube ‘05 in. long,

pubescent ; lobes 5, as long as tube, rounded. Corolla-tube very short ;

lobes ovate-obtuse, -15 in. long, pubescent on back, ciliate, white.

Stamens in 5 bundles opposite corolla-lobes, very many, 80 to 100 in

all; filaments slender; anthers rounded. Ovary villous; style thick,

‘075 in. long, stigma lobed; cells 3, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit an

ampulliform drupe, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, -25 in. broad, lower part rounded,

upper cylindrical, crowned by the calyx-rim and connivent lobes, the

calyx-rim -075 in. broad ; exocarp corky, rusty-brown, slightly pubescent ;

endocarp hard. Seeds 1 to 3, usually 1 only perfect; testa membranous,

albumen fleshy; embryo slightly curved, -15 in. long, radicle long.

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 468; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 148; Brand

Monog. Sympl. 35. Dicalyx odoratissimus, Blume Bijdr. 1116,

PERAK: King’s Collector 10030, 10411, 10777. Sinearore: Ridley

4498 (this latter specimen has leaves up to 8 in. long and 3°5 in.

broad).—Distris. Sumatra (Beccarz 834), Java, Borneo (Beccari

4014).

This is var. divaricata, Brand, which seems to us hardly separable, unless by the

leaves being almost entire. In the Java and Sumatra specimens of G. odoratissima

the leaves are markedly serrate.

2. SyMPLOcOs FULVosA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A very large tree,

reaching 150 feet in height (Scortechini) ; branchlets dark-brown, young

ones and innovations densely terruginous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceo-

coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly long blunt-acuminate at apex the acumen

often curved, cuneate or attenuate at base; glabrous and shining above,

234 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

glabrous and dull beneath, ferruginous-brown when dry; margins

faintly crenate-serrate, with a row of glands, slightly recurved; 3 to

4:5 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, slightly impressed

above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair close to the margin,

the rest gradually more distant upwards, curved upwards to and along

the margin where they meet in a looped intramarginal nerve ; reticu-

lations many, forming an elegant network; petiole -75 in. long.

Inflorescence of tripartite sessile panicles of racemes, the racemes

1 to 2 in. long, densely ferruginous-tomentose ; bracts and bracteoles

minute, hidden in the tomentum ; pedicels thick, ‘05 in. long; flowers

white, then yellowish. Calyx-twbe short; lobes very short, rounded,

densely tomentose without. Corolla-twbe short; lobes ovate-oblong,

glabrous, -15 in. long, 3-5-nerved. Stamens many, obscurely separated

in bundles; filaments slender; anthers very small rounded. Ovary

and disk glabrous, style glabrous, ‘075 in. long, stigma capitate ;

cells 3. Fruit unknown.

PERAK: Scortechint 563, 567.

3. SyMPLOCOS NIvEA, Brand Monog. Sympl. 36 (1901). A tree,

reaching 50 to 60 feet in height; branchlets slender, rounded, dark

brown, glabrous ; leaf-buds ovate-acuminate, tawny-pubescent. Leaves

chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate at

apex, cuneate at base; glabrous and shining above, glabrous and pale

beneath, dark olive-brown when dry; margins obscurely undulate-

crenate, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender,

impressed above; main-nerves 5 to 6 pairs, irregularly spaced and

often branched, at first straight then curved upwards to and along

the margin where they anastomose in a looped intramarginal nerve ;

reticulations obscure ; petiole slender, -3 to ‘4 in. long. Inflorescence

an axillary panicle of villous racemes 2 to 3 in. long, the racemes

12-15-flowered; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, villous, quickly

caducous; pedicels slender, 2 in. long. Calyx-twbe adnate to the

ovary ; lobes 5, oblong-obtuse, -1 in. long, glabrous, persistent. Corolla

pure white ; lobes twice as long as those of the calyx. Stamens

about 60, as long as the corolla. Ovary glabrous, 1-celled, ovules appa-

rently 2; style slender from a conical villous base. Fvwt unknown.

Penang: at Pulau Boetong, Government Hill and Muka Head,

Curtis 715.

4. SYMPLOCOS PULVERULENTA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree (?);

ultimate branchlets and inflorescence grey- or golden-pulverulent-scaly ;

leaf-buds lanceolate-acuminate. Leaves membranous ; obovate, abruptly

short acuminate at apex, cuneate often unequally at base ; glabrous on

both surfaces except on the nerves, olive-green when dry; margins

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 235

entire; 5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed

above; main-nerves 8 to 9 pairs, curving upwards to and along the

margin ; reticulations transverse, prominent and slightly raised above ;

petiole -7 to °8 in. long, smooth, pulverulent-pubescent. Inflorescence of

axillary panicles of racemes about 2 in. long; main rachis 7 in. long;

branches sub-opposite, about 2 pairs, ‘5 to 1 in. long; bracts short,

ovate, caducous; bracteoles 2, ovate-acute, under the calyx-tube;

pedicels slender, 15 to 2 in. long; flowers yellow, buds globose.

Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, ‘06 in. long; lobes 5, short, rounded.

Corolla-tube short; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, pulverulent-pubescent.

Stamens very numerous, probably 200 at least, in 5 bundles opposite ~

the corolla-lobes; filaments slender; anthers very small, rounded.

Ovary and disk pubescent ; style stout, stigma capitate; cells 2, ovules

several. Fruit not known.

SmnGAPoRE: at Chanchukam, Ridley 4786.

5. SympiLocos MontTicoLA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub or small

tree reaching 20 feet in height and 3 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets

somewhat slender, pale brown, sinuous; leaf-buds small, acuminate.

‘Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex,

cuneate or somewhat rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces,

greenish-brown when dry ; margins serrate except near the base, slightly

recurved ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, pale, im-

pressed above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, close near the base, gradually

more distant, curved upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves few, reticulations transverse; petiole -25 in. long,

channelled above. Inflorescence a fascicle of racemes either from the

axils of leaves a little below the last, or from the new wood below

them ; racemes ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, 6-8-flowered, all parts nearly glabrous ;

bracts ovate, very minute ; pedicels 0 to ‘1 in. long; bracteoles 2, ovate,

acute, ciliate, ‘05 in. long, at the base of the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube

short; lobes as long (1 in.), thin, glabrous, round. Corolla-twbe very

short; lobes 5, thin, oblong, obtuse, -2 in. long, 3nerved. Stamens

many, more than 80, in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes; filaments

slender; anthers rounded. Ovary and disk glabrous or slightly pubes-

cent ; style short, -1 in. long; stigma capitate; cells 3. Fruit not known.

PERAK: Scortechint 533; King’s Collector 3804, 6927, in dense

jungle on the summits of mountains at 4,000 to 4,600 feet.

6. SympLocos rascicunata, Zoll. Syst. Verz. 136 (1854). A tree with

spreading branches reaching 40 to 50 feet in height and 10 to 15 in.

in diam. of stem; branchlets pale greyish-brown, slender, innovations

greyish-pubescent. Leaves thinly chartaceous or membranous; oblong-

lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, the acumen curved and mucro-

236 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nate, rounded or obtusely rhomboid at base; glabrous and shining

above, glabrous beneath except on the midrib, yellowish when dry;

margins entire or obscurely and distantly serrate, slightly recurved ;

2 to 4 in. long, ‘7 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed

above, minutely pilose beneath; main-nerves about 5 to 7 pairs,

indistinct, curved upwards and meeting in an intramarginal looped

nerve rather distant from the margin ; secondary nerves and reticula-

tions slender, obscure; petiole -2 in. long, bordered above by the

decurrent margin of the blade and minutely pilose. Inflorescence

a short fascicle of axillary cymes or racemes ‘d to ‘7 in. long,

ashy-pubescent; bracts very minute; pedicels slender, -15 in. long;

bracteoles 3, minute, ovate, acute, ciliate. Calyxz-lobes 5, rounded,

obtuse, ‘05 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla-lobes oblong, obtuse,

‘1 to °15 in. long, glabrous, 5-nerved ; tube very short or almost none.

Stamens in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, about 20 to 25 or some-

times more; filaments slender, outer ones exsert; anthers minute,

rounded, emarginate. Ovary depressed at top, disk glabrous, cells 3;

style slender, ‘075 in. long, ending in a flattened 3-lobed stigma. Fruit an

ampulliform drupe, ovoid below for -2 in. in length, -15 in. in diam,, -

glabrous, 5—6-ribbed, tipped by a cylindric beak -05 in. long and by the

persistent calyx-lobes; exocarp thin, endocarp hard, furrowed, furnished

within with 3 to 6 strong ribs, enclosing a much-lobed seed ; testa

thin ; albumen fleshy; embryo very slightly curved, -15 in. long. Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 467; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. III. 574;

Koord. & Val. Bijdr. 7. 150; Brand Monog. Sympl. 34. Duzcalyx

tinctorius, Bl. Bijdr. 1116.

Penane: Curtis 3171. PrErax: Wray 1865, 2418, 2466, 2739, 3561 ;

Scortechint 128, 1527; King’s Collector 1042, 2021, 3008, 4739, 5175,

5837, 10525. Senancor: fidley 8209. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.)

958; Griffith (K.D.) 3665; Holmberg 867. JoHorze: G. King. SinGaA-

PoRE: Murton 143; Ridley 3626a, 8209.—Distris. Sumatra (Porbes

2355, 2358, 2563, 2812); Java (forbes 218); Borneo (Beccari 2380;

Hawiland 1024, 1545).

After a great deal of trouble the seed with albumen and embryo were separated.

The walls of the shell of the fruit are furnished inside with projecting ribs, so that the

geed resembles that of a small walnut and the embryo is slightly curved, long and narrow,

and might be called straight. Koorders & Valeton’s description is thus confirmed.

7. SyMpPLocos spicata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 (1814), and Fl. Ind. II.

541; Wall. Cat. 4417; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 254; Wight Ill. t. 150 ; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 465; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. cxlix; Brandis For. FI.

300; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 239 and For. Fl. II. 146;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 573; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 104 ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 237

Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 108; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 144. 8S. polycarpa,

Wall. Cat. 4423; DC. le. 255; Kurz ll.c. S. Loha, Don Prod. 144;

DC. l.c. 255. S. racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4418 (2m part, not of Roxb).

Var. malasica, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 573. A small

tree with spreading branches, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 1 foot

in diam. of stem; branchlets dark grey-brown, smooth, innovations

glabrous; buds lanceolate acuminate. Leaves coriaceo-chartaceous,

alternate ; elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex,

cuneate at base; entire or serrate, glabrous on both surfaces, turning

yellow when dry; margin distantly and slightly denticulate, glandu-

lar; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed

above; main-nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curved upwards and

branching towards the margin; secondary nerves few; reticulations

prominent on the under surface; petiole -4 to ‘7 in. long, channelled

above. Inflorescence an axillary panicle of spikes, the branches

mostly near the base; spikes 1:5 to 4 in. long, glabrous or slightly

pubescent; bracts very small, deciduous; bracteoles under each flower

3, ovate, acute or obtuse, ciliate, 05 in. long. Calyx-lobes 5, rounded,

imbricate, glabrous, tube as long as lobes, the latter -05 in. long.

Corolla 5-lobed, white or yellowish; tube very short; lobes ovate-

orbicular, -1 to -15 in. long. Stamens indefinite, about 40, the outer

ones longer than the petals, inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments

slender; anthers short, rounded. Ovary inferior, 3-celled; ovules 3

to 4 in each cell; style thick, -1 in. long, stigma capitate. Fruit a

globose drupe ‘15 to -2 in. long, surmounted by a rim formed by the

short calyx-lobes, smooth, olive-coloured, exocarp and endocarp thin,

ribbed. Seed 1, testa thin, albumen rather scanty ; embryo curved.

Perak: Wray 2798; Scortechim; King’s Collector 6299, 6903.

Mauacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 957; Derry 506.

Var. acuminata, Brand Monog. Sympl. 40. Leaves long acuminate,

blunt at the tip, serrulate, 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; main-

nerves 7 to 8 pairs, all nerves and reticulations, except the impressed

midrib, prominent on the upper surface in young leaves. Flowers

sometimes pedicellate. Fruit somewhat urceolate, ribbed. Symplocos

acuminata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 467. Dicalyx acwminatus, Bl.

Biydr. 1119.

Perak: Scortechint 1556.— Distrin. Java, Sumatra (Forbes

3208). .

Var. attenuata, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. II]. 573. Leaves

long acuminate at apex, long attenuate at base, 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to

1:25 in. broad; margins serrate. Spicate branches of the inflorescence

slender, usually short. Fruit small, often only -1 to 15 in. in diam.

238 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

S. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 4426; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 256; Brand Monog.

Sympl. 39.

Kepaxu: King’s Collector 1764.—Distris. Assam, Burma.

8. SYMPLOCOS FERRUGINEA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40 (1814), Fl. Ind. II.

542. A tree with spreading branches reaching 50 to 60 feet in height

and 1 foot in diam. of stem; branchlets stout, dark brown, smooth, inno-

vations densely ferruginous-villous. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or

elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous and

shining above, ferruginous-villous especially on the nerves beneath,

turning yellow when dry; margins serrulate, denticulate or almost

entire, recurved; 5 to 8 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, very

prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, pro-

minent beneath, parallel at first and straight for some distance then

arching near the margin ; secondary nerves few; reticulations obliquely

transverse, not prominent ; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, densely rusty-villous,

thick. Inflorescence an axillary panicle of spikes, 2 to 6 in. long,

the spikes and panicle short in bud, longer in flower, much elongated in

fruit, the branches of the panicle mostly near the base, densely ferru-

ginous-villous ; bracts very small, ovate-acute, villous; bracteoles under

each flower 3, the central one ‘12 in. long, ovate-acuminate, the two outer

shorter, ovate-acute, the three together as long as the calyx. Calyx

5-lobed; lobes ovate-obtuse, ‘1 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla

5-lobed, white, rotate; tube -05 in. long; lobes ‘1 in. long, oblong-obtuse,

3-nerved. Stamens indefinite, 40 to 70, in 5 fascicles inserted on the

corolla-tube ; filaments slender, gradually increasing in length from the

inside outwards, the outer ones a little longer than the petals ; anthers

rounded, short. Ovary depressed, disk glabrous; cells 3; style thick,

‘1 to ‘2 in. long, stigma 3-lobed; ovules several in each cell. Frwmt a

globose or ampulliform drupe, faintly ribbed, -15 to -2 in. long, sur-

mounted by the persistent calyx with enlarged connivent teeth ;

exocarp thin; endocarp very hard, bony, about 12-14-ribbed, globose

below, cylindric and very short above. Seed 1, testa thin, albumen

rather scanty ; embryo curved, -1 to -15in. long. Wall. Cat. 4412; A.

DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 466; Clarke in Hook.

f, Fl. Br, Ind. IIT. 574 (var. exc.) ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 141; Brand

Monog. Sympl. 40. 8S. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4433; G. Don Gen. Syst. IV.

3. S. Verhuellu, Jungh. & de Vriese Pl. Nov. Ind. Or. 12; Mig. l.c.

467. S. javanica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 239

(syn. S. rubsginosa exc.) and For. Fl. II. 145. 8S. lachnobotrya, and

S. Horsfieldiana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 475. Dicalyx javanicus,

Blume Bijdr. 1117.

Penane: Wallich 4433; Phillips; Curtis 206; King’s Collector

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 239

1353. Perak: Wray 3387; Scortechint 900; King’s Collector 925,

4376, 4395, 4683, 5235, 6219, 7091, 8646, 11019. Panane: Ridley in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 318. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 956.—

Distris. Assam, Burma, Java (Forbes 682, 798, 861, 1203), Sumatra

(Forbes 2614, 2691, 3150; Beccarz 842), the Moluccas, the Philippines,

and §. China.

The leaves in this species are very variable ; for instance, those of King’s Collector

Nos. 4395, 4683 have oblong-lanceolate leaves 6 to 8 in. long and about 2 in. broad,

with more distant nerves, and are nearly glabrous beneath; but some of the leaves

approach very nearly to those of other specimens, and we cannot therefore separate

it as a variety. The marked elongation of the fruiting inflorescence is another

source of difficulty in superficial identification.

9. Sympntocos Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A medium-sized

tree ; branchlets glabrous, angled, striate ; leaf-buds acuminate, glabrous.

Leaves coriaceous; ovate or oblong, acuminate at apex, attenuate at

base; glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, greenish-yellow when dry;

margins entire or remotely and faintly denticulate, recurved ; 3 to 4 in.

long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised above; main-nerves 8

to 9 pairs, raised on both surfaces, straight, meeting in a looped intra-

marginal nerve ; secondary nerves few; reticulations prominent, raised

above ; petiole -3 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of sessile or

very short few-flowered axillary racemes, as long as the petiole ; rachis

silky-pubescent; bracts and bracteoles orbicular, ciliate, pubescent ;

pedicels none or very short. Calyx-lobes orbicular, thin, ciliate, -1 in.

broad, concave ; tube very short. Corolla-twbe very short, lobes ovate,

‘12 to -15 in. long, 3-5-nerved, white. Stamens about 50, in bundles

opposite the corolla-lobes; filaments slender, the outer ones a little

longer than the corolla-lobes; anthers rounded. Ovary villous, 3-celled,

ovules 2 in each cell; disk glabrous; style thick, :1 in. long, stigma

capitate, lobed. Fruit not known.

Stncapore: Ridley 5684.

A species very closely allied to S. phyllocalyx, Clarke, of N. India and China, and

to S. japonica, A. DC. of Japan.

10. SyMPLOcOS CELASTRIFOLIA, Griff. MS.; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 575 (1882). A tree (?); branchlets smooth, slender,

glabrous. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and

bluntly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces,

greenish-brown above, yellowish beneath when dry; margins crenate,

slightly recurved; 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2:25 in. broad; midrib

slender, impressed above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, irregular, not pro-

minent, at first straight, then curving upwards and branching to meet

240 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

near the margin in an intramarginal network ; reticulations obscure ;

petiole -2 to 3 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the

blade. Inflorescence a few- and basally-branched pubescent panicle of

long slender racemes, 2°5 to 3 in. long; racemes 12-16-flowered ;

pedicels -1 in. long; bracteoles 2, lanceolate, -05 in. long, ciliate,

pubescent. Calyxz-tube -05 in. long; lobes 5, oblong, obtuse, ‘075 in.

long. Corolla white, sweet-scented; tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong,

‘2in. long. Stamens in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, 40 to 70,

the outermost the longest and equal to the corolla-lobes. Ovary

depressed, disk glabrous; cells 3; style -125 in. long, stigma capitate.

Fruit an ovoid-ellipsoid drupe, -25 in. long, smooth, tipped with the rim

and erect teeth of the persistent calyx. Seeds 1 to 3, testa membranous ;

embryo slender, straight, -1 in. long. Brand Monog. Sympl. 48.

Penance: Curtis 3459. Mauacca: Grifith (K.D.) 3651.—DistRis.

Borneo (Teysmann, Motley, Beccari 2374, Haviland 509n, 1642, 3706).

11. SympnLocos ADENOPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 4427 (1829). A tree reach-

ing 50 to 60 feet in height, stem 15 to 20 in. in diam.; branchlets dark

brown, smooth, upper parts and innovations dark rusty-glandular-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-corlaceous; narrowly lanceolate to elliptic-

lanceolate and elliptic; obtusely long caudate-acuminate at apex,

cuneate or attenuate at base ; glabrous on both surfaces, shining or not,

olive-brown or dark reddish-brown when dry; margins crenate or sub-

entire, the crenatures with large glands, sometimes recurved; 3 to 5 in.

iong, ‘7 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above ; main-nerves

5 to 8 pairs, distant, arching upwards to join in a looped intramarginal

nerve at about two-thirds of the distance to the margin; secondary

nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, often bent.

Inflorescence a 3- and basally-branched axillary panicle of racemes,

glandular-rusty-pubescent, 1 to 2 in. long, racemes about 12-flowered ;

bracts ovate-acute, caducous; pedicels ‘05 to -1 in. long; bracteoles

minute, thin, obtuse. Calyx-tube glabrous or minutely pubescent, -05

in. long; its teeth very minute, triangular or rounded, rusty-pubescent.

Corolla yellowish-white, tube short; lobes oblong, rounded, about

‘15 in. long, incurved at tip. Stamens 40 to 50, in 5 bundles opposite

the corolla-lobes, outer ones as long as those lobes ; filaments slender ;

anthers small, rounded. Ovary depressed, disk glabrous, cells 3; style

slender, ‘1 in. long; stigma capitate. Fruit an oblong-cylindrical or

ellipsoid drupe ‘3 to -35 in. long and half as broad, smooth, pale

yellowish-brown, crowned with the minute, inconspicuous, much-

inecurved, persistent calyx-teeth; exocarp smooth, thin; endocarp

bony, ribbed. Seed 1; embryo straight, pendulous. G. Don Gen.

Syst. IV. 3; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 466;

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 241

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 575; Brand Monog. Sympl. 48;

Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. IV. 204. S. steophylla, Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 476; Brand l.c. S. bancana, Miq. 1.c.

Kevan: Ridley 5523. Punana: Wallich 44274; Maingay (K.D.)

959; Curtis 402, 445. Prarax: Wray 1119, 3842, 3925, 4123; Scor-.

techint 490; King’s Collector 1269, 2606, 6873. Smuancor: Ridley 7553,

8549. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3649. Sineapore: Wallich 44273;

G. Thomson ; Hullett 828; Walker 255; Ridley 3635a, 3809.—Disrrip.

Sumatra (Beccari 147); Bangka (Horsfield 39); Borneo (Beccari 2115,

Lobb, Haviland 1187).

A variable species as regards the leaves and the length of the inflorescence ; the

prominent glands on the margins of the leaves are a noticeable character.

12. SympLocos PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree with

spreading branches reaching 50 to 60 feet in height; stem 15 to 20 in.

in diam; branchlets dark brown, very slender. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, long caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on

both surfaces, green when dry; margins entire, recurved ; 2 to 3°5 in.

long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,

the two lowest near the margin and produced upwards along it, the

others curved upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve, which

is rather prominent; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure;

petiole -2 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence a sessile 3-branched

panicle of racemes axillary to the upper leaves or on the branchlets

below them, 1 to 2 in. long or less; panicle branches and racemes very

slender, the latter about 8-10-flowered ; rachis grey-pubescent; 1 bract

and 2 bracteoles, ovate-acute, scarcely -05 in. long, persistent; pedicels

about -05 in. long. Calyx-twbe short; lobes 5, rounded, grey-pubescent,

ciliate, ‘05 in. long, as long as tube. Corolla-tube short; lobes oblong,

white, -125 in. long. Stamens about 40, in 5 bundles opposite the

corolla-lobes; filaments slender, exsert; anthers rounded, minute.

Ovary villous; cells 3; style rather thick, villous, -1 in. long, stigma

small. Frwit a cylindrical glabrous drupe, -4 to -d in. long, -25 in.

‘in diam., the top rusty-hirsute and crowned by the persistent rusty-

hirsute calyx-lobes, the calyx-rim ‘1 in. broad; exocarp fleshy, endo-

carp hard, bony. Seeds 3, testa rather thick, embryo straight.

Perak: Scortechini 646; Wray 2593, 2944; King’s Collector 4446,

4570, 4086, 7863, 10163, 10501, 10515, 10801, 10985. Srnancor :

Ridley 10223.

This species is very near to S. adenophylla, but the leaves are entire, much thinner

and smaller, and not glandular, and the inflorescence is more compound, more slender,

grey- and not rusty-pubescent, and has rounded calyx-lobes.

242 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

13. Sympnocos Branprana, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree

reaching 15 to 25 feet in height ; stem 4 to 6 in. in diam.; branchlets round,

densely covered with soft ferruginous tomentum and long stiff hispid

hairs ; innovations densely ferruginous-silky-tomentose. Leaves mem-

branous; ovate-oblong, long acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at

base ; pilose on both surfaces, at length glabrescent above, paler beneath,

olive-brown when dry; margin entire, recurved, thickly villous; 3 to

6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent beneath ; main-

nerves about 8 pairs, much curving upwards to join as a looped intra-

marginal nerve, raised beneath ; reticulations obscure ; petiole scarcely

‘Lin. long. Inflorescence of axillary few-flowered racemes or panicles

up to 1-5 in. long, lax-flowered; rachis syender, thickly ferruginous-

villous, as are the bracts and calyx; bracts leaf-like, cuspidate-

acuminate, ‘2 to 4 in. long; bracteoles 2, similar but smaller ; pedicels

‘1 in. long; flowers white. Calyx-twbe very short; lobes linear-

lanceolate, -1 to -2 in. long. Corolla-twhe very short; lobes elliptic-

obtuse, glabrous, 3-nerved, -15 in. long. Stamens 60 to 70 or even

more, in 5 bundles opposite the corolla-lobes; filaments slender ;

anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous, style slender, stigma

capitate. Fruit oblong-cylindrical, light blue, constricted above the

middle, villous, ‘8 in. long, *3 in. broad; exocarp fleshy, endocarp

crustaceous; cells 3, the lower one bearing 1 seed; albumen fleshy ;

embryo slightly curved.

Perak: Curtis 2030; Scortechint 346, 349 on Maxwell’s Hill,

3,000 feet; Wray 677 at Waterfall Hill, Lartt; King’s Collector 1887,

in dense jungle on rocky creeks.

We have named this handsome species in honour of the author of the most recent

monograph of the genus.

14, Sympnocos conconor, Brand Monog. Sympl. 65 (1901). A tree,

reaching 30 to 40 feet in height; branchlets dark brown, innovations

tawny-pubescent. Leaves thinly coriaceous ; oblong or oblong-obovate,

abruptly acuminate at apex, the acumen mucronate, attenuate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces, shining above; margins entire or obscurely

dentate; 3 to 4 in. long, 1-1-5 in. broad ; midrib slender, slightly raised

above ; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs, rather obscure, arching upwards to

anastomose near the margin; reticulations prominent; petiole about ‘1 in.

long. Inflorescence of sessile or very shortly peduncled, 3-branched

panicles up to ‘5 in. long, all golden-pubescent, about 10-12-flowered ;

bracts ovate-acute, small; bracteoles smaller, 2 to each pedicel; pedicels

slender, about ‘1 in. long. Calyxz-tube funnel-shaped, ‘05 in. long;

lobes 5, rounded, short. Corolla-tube very short; lobes oblong, -1 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 243

long. Stamens about 60, scarcely exsert. Ovary and disk silky-

pubescent ; style slender, stigma capitate, 3-4-lobed. Frwit an oblong

glabrous drupe, ‘3 in. long, -15 to -2 in. broad, surmounted by the

slightly depressed disk which is shortly overtopped by the calyx-lobes.

PENANG: on Penam Bukit at 2,000 feet, Curtis 1039.

15. SyMPLOcos CALYCODACTYLOS, Brand Monog. Sympl. 63 (1901). A

tree (?); branchlets villous with long tawny spreading bristles, innova-

tions densely villous. Leaves membranous; oblong-lanceolate, long-

acuminate at apex, rounded at base, sometimes almost cordate; both

surfaces covered sparsely with tawny bristles, especially on and along

the nerves beneath; margins distantly long glandular denticulate ;

4 to 55 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above ;

main-nerves about 8 pairs, curving slightly upwards at an angle of

about 30° with the midrib to anastomose near the margin ; reticulations

prominent, primary ones transverse parallel; petiole stout, villous, -15

to -2 in. long. Inflorescence a slender, axillary, tawny-villous raceme,

2 to 3 in. long, with about 4 to 5 flowers ; bracts lanceolate-acuminate,

-25 in. long, caducous; pedicels -5 in., very slender, ending in a dense

tuft of tawny bristles beneath the calyx. Calyxz-tube short; lobes 5,

linear oblong, densely tawny-bristly without, glabrous within, -25 in.

long. Corolla-twbe short; lobes 5, obovate, glabrous, as long as calyx-

lobes or slightly longer. Stamens about 80, 5-adelphous, filaments

flattened; anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous; style

slender, -1 in. long; stigma small, capitate. Frwit unknown.

PERAK: at Waterloo, 3,000 feet, Curtis 1330.

16. SymPLocos OPHIRENSIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 479

(1882). A bush (Wray), or more probably a small tree; branches terete,

nearly black, glabrous; innovations appressed-tawny-pubescent ; buds

ovate-acuminate, silky, -1 in. long. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-

lanceolate, acute or rounded or sometimes emarginate at apex, cuneate or

rounded at base ; glabrous and usually shining above, sparsely pubescent

beneath when young, afterwards glabrous, reddish-brown when dry;

margins entire or very obscurely denticulate, recurved; 2 to 4 in.

_long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above ; main-nerves

8 to 10 pairs, raised on both surfaces, straight at first, then curving

upwards and joining in an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary

nerves many, similar, reticulations prominent; petiole stout, -1 to -2 in.

long. Inflorescence of very short racemes, from the axils of the upper

leaves or from the new wood below them; racemes -3 to -4 in. long,

silky-pubescent, 5-7-flowered; bracts and bracteoles very small, ovate,

acute; pedicels 0 to:1 in. long. Calyz-lobes 5, silky-pubescent, ovate-

acute, ciliate, -6 in. long; tube ‘1 in. long. Corolla-twbe short; lobes

244 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

white, oblong-obtuse, -2 in. long, 5-nerved. Stamens in bundles of 6 to

12 each opposite the corolla-lobes, 30 to 60 in all; filaments slender,

outer as long as petals; anthers rounded, very small. Ovary and disk

nearly glabrous at top; style slender, ‘15 to -2 in. long, stigma capitate ;

cells 3, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid-cylindric, blueish-purple

when ripe, -3 to -4 in. long, -2 in. broad, surmounted by calyx-rim with

patent lobes, nearly as wide as the top of the fruit ; exocarp crustaceous ;

endocarp very hard, bony, obscurely ribbed and irregularly indented.

Seed 1, testa membranous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight. Brand

Monog. Sympl. 58. Symplocos No. 42, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f.

& Th.

PERAK: on Gunong Bubu, 5,000 feet, Wray 3919; Scortechim.

Matacca : on Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3650; Ridley 10083; Derry

623 ; Lobb.

The specimens of Wray and Scortechini have the leaves rounded at both ends, but

there seems no reason to keep them as a separate variety from the specimens from

Mount Ophir which are acute at apex and cuneate at base. ;

17. Sympnocos Currisu, Oliv. in Hook. Icon. t. 1757 (1888). A

shrub or small tree, reaching 10 to 15 feetin height; branchlets slender,

pale brown, glabrous; leaf-buds small, acuminate, pubescent. Leaves

chartaceous ; elliptic, abruptly long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces, pale greenish-brown when dry; margins

obscurely denticulate, slightly recurved; 4 to 9 in. long, 1°5 to 3 in.

broad; midrib slender, raised beneath, impressed above; main-nerves

5 to 7 pairs, the lowest pair very near the margin, the rest gradually

more and more distant, all curving upwards to and along the margin,

where they form an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves very

few or none; reticulations transverse, fairly prominent, rather distant ;

petiole -2 to -4 in. long, channelled above. Inflorescence of short (up to

‘4 in. long) racemes axillary to the upper leaves or on the young wood

below them; racemes about 5-flowered ; bract ovate-acute, -1 in. long,

keeled, villous; bracteoles 2, similar but smaller; pedicels stout, about

‘05 in. long. Calyx-tube about ‘1 in. long; lobes 5, ovate, obtuse, as

long as tube, all minutely pubescent without. Corolla-tube very short,

lobes elliptic-oblong, :2 in. long, 5-nerved, white. Stamens many, 60 or

more; filaments slender, longer than corolla-lobes; anthers rounded,

minute ; staminal bundles only noticeable in bud. Ovary villous, disk

glabrous ; style slender, -2 in. long, stigma capitate; cells 3, ovules 2 in

each cell. Frwit a cylindric oblong berry, bright blue when ripe, ‘5 to

‘8 in. long, somewhat constricted at about one-third distance from the

top; the top surmounted by the calyx-rim and connivent teeth ; exocarp

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 245

crustaceous, endocarp woody; cells 1 to 3. Seed usually 1, testa mem-

branous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight. Brand Monog. Sympl. 69.

Penane: Curtis 1099. Prax: Wray 692, 2830; Scortechin 328,

646, 1423; King’s Collector 2084, 2099, 2406, 8431.

18. Sympnocos crassipes, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 580

(1882). A tree (?); branchlets stout, smooth, grey. Leaves stoutly

chartaceous ; large, elliptic-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate at apex, sub-

cordate or obtusely rhomboid at base ; glabrous on both surfaces ; margins

sub-entire, slightly recurved; 6 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib

prominent, thick; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, irregular and at irregular

angles, usually only slightly curved upwards to meet in a looped intra-

marginal nerve ‘25 in. from margin; secondary nerves and few trans-

verse reticulations prominent; petiole very stout, -15 to -2 in. long.

Facemes axillary, 4-flowered ; pedicels very small, -1 in. long at most;

bracts ovate-acute, like the rachis and calyx densely ferruginous-

pubescent. Calyx-tube very short; lobes ovate, 075 in. long. Corolla-

tube short; lobes -1 to -15 in. long, oblong-obtuse. Stamens about

30, slightly exsert. Ovary 3-celled; disk fulvous-pilose. Firwmt not

known. Brand Monog. Sympl. 52.

Matacca: on Mount Ophir, Maigay (K.D.) 960.

19. SympLocos penaneranaA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A small tree (?) ;

branchlets rounded, upper ones and innovations densely dark ferru-

ginous-hirsute. Leaves chartaceous ; lanceolate, long acuminate at apex,

somewhat rounded at base; glabrous above, sparsely pilose beneath

with long stiff ferruginous hairs especially on and along the nerves ;

greenish-brown when dry; margins distantly but sharply serrate in the

middle part, entire on the acumination and near the base, revolute ;

4 to 7 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath, impressed

above; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, irregularly distant, curving upwards

and meeting about ‘2 in. from the margin in a looped intramarginal

nerve; secondary nerves and transverse reticulations scanty but pro-

minent ; petiole short, -15in.long, stout, hirsute. Inflorescence a sessile

very short raceme or panicle of flowers on the young branches; bracts

several, very small, densely rusty-hirsute. Calyx-twbe short; lobes 5,

oblong, obtuse, -125 in. long, glabrous within, densely rusty-hirsute

without. Corolla-tube short; lobes 5, oblong, rounded, -2 in. long.

Stamens about 30; filaments slender; anthers rounded. Ovary villous ;

style slender, pubescent, 15 in. long; stigma capitate. Fruit unknown.

Prnane: at West Hill, 2,500 feet, Curtis 325.

20. SyMPLocos cERASIFoLIA, Wall. Cat. 4434 (1829). A tree, reach-

ing 60 feet and even 80 feet in height; stem with a diam. of 20 in. ;

branchlets glabrescent, smooth, somewhat angled, reddish-brown ; leaf-

246 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

buds nearly globose, scales rounded, acuminate. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous ; oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate or

attenuate at base; glabrous above, sparsely pilose on the nerves beneath

otherwise glabrous, dark greenish-brown when dry ; margins crenately

serrate except at the very base and on the acumination, slightly recurved ;

5 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, midrib slender, impressed above;

main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, conspicuous, at once curving upwards and

round to join each other in a well-marked looped ring -2 to °3 in. from the

margin; reticulations transverse; petiole ‘5 to -7 in. long, slender,

channelled above. Inflorescence of axillary and sub-terminal pubescent

spikes ; the rachis stout, angular; bracts broad, round, villous, early

caducous; bracteoles 2, ovate-acute, ‘075 in. long, villous; flowers

about 12 in each spike. Calyx-twbe short, -05 in. long; lobes lanceolate,

acute, pilose, -125 in. long. Corolla-tuwbe short; lobes oblong-acute,

3-nerved, -2 in. long. Stamens about 30, or very numerous—over

106 (Scortechini), on the corolla-tube, fascicles not well separated ;

filaments very slender; anthers rounded, very minute. Ovary and

disk slightly hairy; style slender, curved, -2 in. long, stigma capitate ;

cells 3, ovules 2 to 3 im each cell. Frwit a cylindric oblong drupe 1°5

to 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, truncate at both ends and tipped above by the

persistent calyx-tube and lobes, the rim about -2 in. broad; smooth,

yellowish-brown; exocarp thick, corky; endocarp woody with 7 to 8

sharp star-like ridges. Seed 1, testa membranous; albumen thin,

embryo straight, pendulous; radicle long. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 580; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2. 466;

Brand Monog. Sympl. 52. Bobua cerasifolia, Miers in Journ. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 304.

Penane: Wallich 4434; Curtis 1503, 3096. Prrax: Wray 445,

3003; Scortechint 515; King’s Collector 6283, 6950. Manacca :

Maingay (K.D.) 962

Scortechini considered his No. 515 to represent a species separate from S. cerasifolia,

but with a large series of specimens before us we find it difficult to agree to this.

21. SympLocos ricips, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 581

(not of Wall.) (1882). A tree with spreading branches, reaching

60 to 80 feet in height and 18 to 24 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets

stout, dark brown, glabrous, angled when dry, marked with the pro- |

minent round raised scars of fallen leaves; branch-buds large, covered

with oblong glandular-serrate stipular scales, softly silky on the

back; leaf-buds acuminate, -3 to -5 in. long, silky-pubescent. Leaves

coriaceo-chartaceous ; oblong or oblong-lamceolate, acute or shortly

acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous on both surfaces

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 24:7

and usually shining, dark greenish-brown when dry; margins entire

or very shortly serrate, recurved when dry; 6 to 12 in. long, 2°5 to

5 in. broad; midrib stout, much raised beneath, impressed above;

main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, raised beneath, curving upwards to

and along the margin; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations

transverse, parallel, not prominent; petiole ‘7 to 1:3 in. long, stout,

glabrous. Injlorescence of simple spikes, strobilate when young and

scarcely ‘5 in. long, in flower 1-5 to 2 in. long with pubescent rachis,

in fruit reaching 3 in. long with stout nearly glabrous rachis, in

the axils of upper leaves or the young branchlets below them; bracts

broadly ovate, acute, concave, minutely grey or tawny-pubescent ;

bracteoles 2, lanceolate-acute, -1 in. long, all early deciduous; buds

ovoid, grey-pubescent. Calyx-tube ‘075 in. long; lobes 4, ovate-acute,

blunt, -1 to -15 in. long, both grey-pubescent. Corolla-tube short,

lobes 5, white, oblong, acute, -25 in. long, 5-nerved. Stamens in 5

bundles opposite the corolla-lobes, about 60; filaments very slender,

outer ones longer than corolla-lobes ; anthers rounded, minute. Ovary

and disk glabrous; style curved, -25 in. long, stigma capitate; cells 3,

ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 1 to 15 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in.

broad, waxy greenish-white when half ripe, dark blue when ripe; pale

brown, shining, smooth, obscurely angled when dry; surmounted by

the calyx-rim -15 in. broad with erect calyx-teeth ; exocarp thick, fleshy ;

endocarp very hard, woody, with 8 sharp star-like ridges; cells 3. Seeds

1 to 3, testa thin fibrous, albumen fleshy, embryo straight, radicle long.

Brand Monog. Sympl. 52. Doxomma rigidum, Miers in Trans. Linn.

Soc. Ser. 2. Bot. I. 104. Barringtonia rigida, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.

Br. Ind. II. 510.

Perak: Wray 1294, 3207; Scortechini 2046; King’s Collector 4246,

4277, 4613, 5045, 5048, 6095, 6179, 7260, 7898, 8543, 10013. SELANGOR:

Firdley 10544. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 767, 965. SINGAPORE:

Cantley 50; Ridley 1798, 5960.

22. SyMPLOCOS RUBIGINOSA, Wall. Cat. 4432 (1829). A large shrub

or a tree sometimes reaching 70 to 100 feet in height and 15 to 20 in.

or more in diam. of stem; branches stout, grey, nearly glabrous ;

branchlets stout, angled, glabrous or cinnamomeous- or ferruginous-

hirsute; leaf-buds lanceolate, 3 to ‘4 in. long. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous; obovate-oblong, acute or shortly and abruptly acuminate

at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above, pubescent especially on

the nerves beneath, the pubescence pale rusty-brown, pale greenish-

brown when dry; margins shortly dentate especially on the upper

half, sometimes nearly entire, recurved; 5 to 11 in. long, 2 to 4 in.

broad; midrib stout, prominent beneath, impressed above; main-

248 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves 10 to 13 pairs, parallel, very prominently raised beneath

and usually impressed above, curving upwards to and along the

margin; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations many, pro-

minent, transverse, parallel; petiole thick, densely pubescent, ‘5 to

lin. long. Inflorescence of simple erect spikes, from the axils of upper

leaves or from the young branchlets below them; spikes 1 to 2 in. long,

softly cinnamomeous-pubescent, the rachis stout especially in fruit ;

flowers about 12 to 16 in each spike, each flower supported by a broad

ovate rounded bract :175 in. long and two ovate-acute bracteoles -1 in.

long. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, ‘06 to -07 in. long; tube as

long as lobes. Corolla-tube short, lobes white, oblong, ‘15 in. long,

3-nerved, glabrous. Stamens in 5 bundles opposite to the corolla-lobes,

usually about 30; filaments unequal, the outer ones longer than the

corolla-lobes; anthers minute, round. Ovary and disk glabrous, style

slender, about -15 in. long, stigma capitate or lobed; cells 3. Fruit an

ovoid-oblong drupe, °4 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, surmounted by the calyx-

rim ‘1 in. in diam., pale brownish-yellow when dry, glabrous or softly

pilose; exocarp thin, crustaceous, fragile; endocarp woody, faintly

ridged; seeds usually 3. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 257; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I.

Pt. 2. 466; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 580; Brand Monog.

Sympl. 53. Lodhra rubiginosa, Miers in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVII.

299.

Penance: Wallich 4432; Curtis 528, 1692; G. King. Perax:

Scortechim 1825 ; King’s Collector 5192, 5771, 7112, 8105, 10015, 10021.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 955; Griffith (K.D.) 3652. JoHorn: Ridley

11115. Srneapore: Cantley 72; Ridley 4117.—Distrip. Sumatra

(Forbes 1991), Borneo (Beccari 1216, Haviland 1679, 3480).

Subgenus II.—CorDYLOBLASTE.

23. SymMpLocos conrusa, Brand Monog. Sympl. 88 (1901). A shrub,

5 to 8 feet high (Lobb); branchlets rough, dark brown, marked with pro-

minent cushion-like scars, uppermost ones and innovations ferruginous-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; variable in shape, elliptic-oblong to

ovate-lanceolate bluntly acute at apex, attenuate often unequally at

base; margins entire or slightly undulate, recurved; glabrous on both

surfaces; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender ; main-nerves

irregular, about 6 pairs; secondary nerves and reticulations also irregular,

indistinct; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long, slightly pubescent. Inflorescence of

very short, 1—4-flowered, axillary, grey-silky racemes about -25 in. long ;

bracts very small, ovate-acute ; bracteoles also minute, 2 to each pedicel ;

pedicels 05 to ‘1 in. long; flowers white, sweet-scented. Calyx-tube

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 249

campanulate, grey-silky, ‘1 in. long; lobes 5, short, rounded, ciliate.

Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, 2 to ‘3 in. long, glabrous ; lobes 5, oblong,

obtuse, spreading, ‘15 in. long. Stamens very many (40 to 60), inside a

staminal tube somewhat longer than the corolla-tube; filaments very

short, slender ; anthers small, rounded. Ovary and disk villous; style

slender, hirsute or glabrescent, :3 to *5 in. long; stigma large, capitate.

Frwit not known. S. Henschelui, Benth. & Hook. f. ex Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 588; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

XXVI. 73.

Matacca: on Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3644; Lobb ; Maingay

(K.D.) 954.—Disrris. Borneo (Beccarz 2405), China.

This species, which in the Hl. Br. Ind. was placed under S. Henschelii, has been

separated by Brand, who considers the true S. Henschelii (Cordyloblaste Henschelii,

Moritzi in Bot. Zeit. vi. 604 (1848), to be a Java plant only. It is not thought neces-

sary to maintain Clarke’s var. hirtistylis.

94. Symptocos Marncayi, Benth. ex Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind

III. 588 (1882). A tree with spreading branches reaching 40 to 60

feet in height and 10 to 15 in. in diam. of stem; branches stout,

light brown; branchlets and innovations densely ferruginous-velvety-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate

at apex, broadly attenuate or rounded at base; glabrous or with a

few scattered hairs above, sparsely pubescent beneath except the

nerves which are hirsute, marked also beneath by numerous faint

transverse lines; margins entire; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad;

midrib stout, very prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves

8 pairs, curving upwards and joining in a looped intramarginal nerve,

impressed above; secondary nerves few and with the reticulations

rregular; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, stout, densely ferruginous-

pubescent. Inflorescence of stout densely ferruginous-pubescent

racemes, 1 to 1'5 in. long, bearing about 8 to 10 flowers, in the

axils of the upper leaves; bract 1, ovate, acute, -2 in. long; brac-

teoles 2, similar but smaller; pedicels stout,-1 to -15in. long. Calyx-

tube campanulate, densely rusty-pubescent; teeth 5, rounded, ‘05 in.

long. Corolla-twbe narrow funnel-shaped, 1 to 1:5 in. long, densely

white-tomentose without; lobes ‘5 in. long, oblong, reflexed. Stanunal-

tube adnate to the corolla-tube as far as the lobes, then free above it;

top of tube truncate, 15-20-lobed, the lobes separable as ligules;

stamens inserted irregularly on the tube and lobes, about 40 to 60;

free part of filaments short, slender; anthers ovoid. Ovary and disk

hairy; style slender, as long as corolla-tube, stigma capitate; cells 3.

Frwit obovoid, obtuse, glabrous, 1°75 in. long, 1:25 in. broad, crowned

250 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

with the remains of the calyx-rim ‘125 in. wide, pericarp very thick,

woody. Brand Monog. Sympl. 90. ,

Perak: King’s Collector 6728. Mauacca: Maimgay (K.D.) 961.

25. Sympnocos Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n.sp. A tree (?);

branchlets pale brown, slender, scurfy; innovations sparsely grey-

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; oblong-lanceolate, attenuately blunt-

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces dark

brown when dry, margins entire; 4 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad;

midrib slender, raised beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 8 to 10

pairs the lowest close to the margin, the others curved upwards to meet

in a looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many and, with the

reticulations, irregular, fairly prominent; petiole ‘5 in. long, channelled

above, slightly pubescent when young. JInjlorescence of axillary or

pseudo-terminal racemes, °7 to 1 in. long, sometimes giving the appear-

ance of a terminal panicle; rachis grey-pubescent, angular; bract and

2 bracteoles lanceolate-acuminate, -1 to -15 in. long; pedicels -2 in. long.

Calyx-tube campanulate, -2 in. long, grey-pubescent without, as are the

rounded obtuse ‘05 in. long teeth. Corolla-tube slender, funnel-shaped,

1 to 1:5 in. long, densely white-tomentose without; lobes ‘5 in. long,

oblong-obtuse, much imbricate in bud. Staminal-tube adnate to the

corolla-tube as far as the lobes, then free above it, top of tube truncate,

about 15-lobed, the lobes separable as ligules; stamens inserted irregu-

larly on the tube and lobes, about 40 to 50; free part of filaments short,

slender; anthers rounded. Ovary and disk hairy; style slender, as

long as corolla-tube, stigma capitate; cells 8, ovules 2 in each cell.

Fruit obovoid-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 1:75 in. long, 1:2 in. broad,

crowned with the remains of the calyx-rim ‘1 in. in diam.; pericarp

thick, corky ; seed 1.

PeERak: Scortechin.

This species comes very near to S. Maingayi in respect to its flowers and fruit, but

the branches are much more slender, the dense ferruginous tomentum is absent, and

the leaves are different, so we have no hesitation in describing it as a new species.

The following Bornean species seems worthy of description here : it

may possibly be found also in the Peninsula :—

Sympitocos Havinanp1, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (?); branchlets stout,

somewhat flattened, yellowish-brown; leaf-buds conical, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous ;

elliptic, abruptly acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both surfaces, orange-

brown when dry; margins entire, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;

midrib stout, impressed above; main-nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair near the

margin and more acutely angled (about 45°) than the others, straight at first at an

angle of 60°, then curved to meet in a widely looped intramarginal nerve, prominently

raised above when dry ; secondary-nerves and reticulations also raised; petiole -4 to

‘5 in. long, stout, rough, the upper half winged by the decurrent margin of the blade.

Inflorescence a nearly sessile, few-branched panicle of racemes, about 1°5 in. long;

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 251

flowers about 12; rachis glabrous, flattened ; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous ;

pedicels none or very short, scarcely -05 in. long; buds globose. Calyx-tube -05 in.

long; lobes orbicular, ciliate, as long as tube. Corolla-twbe very short; lobes 5, -15

in. long, ovate-oblong, ciliate. Stamens about 50, in 5 bundles of about 10 each,

opposite the corolla-lobes ; anther-cells orbicular; filaments slender, the longest as

long as the petals. Ovary conical, glabrous; style slender, ‘1 in. long, stigma

capitate. Fruit not known.

Borneo: in Sarawak, near Kuching, Haviland No. 1954.

2. Sryrax, Linn.

Trees and shrubs, usually more or less lepidote or stellate-tomentose

on all parts except the upper-surface of the leaves, rarely glabrous.

Leaves various in shape, entire or serrulate. Flowers generally white,

in lax axillary or terminal, simple or compound, often pendulous

racemes; bracts very small. Calyx campanulate, free or slightly adnate

to the base of the ovary, truncate or 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short;

lobes 5, erecto-patent, elliptic-oblong, imbricate or valvate. Stamens 10,

l-seriate at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments more or less flat-

tened, continuous with the connective ; anthers large, linear, the cells

parallel, erect. Ovary nearly free, at first 3-celled, later often 1-celled ;

style subulate ; stigma capitate, somewhat 3-lobed; ovules few in each

cell, in free ovaries nearly all erect from the lower basal angle, in half-

adnate ovaries upper pendulous lower erect. Fruit globose or ellip-

soid, seated on the cupuliform or patelliform calyx, breaking up

irregularly. Seeds 1 or rarely 2 or more, integuments 2, the outer

chartaceous or hardened, the inner membranous; albumen fleshy,

copious; embryo straight, axile or excentric ; cotyledons broad, with a

longish terete radicle—Distris. Warmer regions of Asia and America,

a few extending to temperate Asia and South Europe, species about 60.

Leaves green beneath, slightly stellate-pubescent oe -. IL. S. serrulatum.

Leaves white or greyish-white beneath, with occasional rusty-stellate

hairs :—

Leaves small, under 5 in. long and 2°5 in. broad; calyx about

one-third of the length of the corolla a0

Leaves large, over 5 in. long and 2°5 in. broad; calyx about half

of the length of the corolla Ps

2. S. Benzoin.

3. S. crotonoides.

1. Sryrax SERRULATUM, Roxb. FI. Ind. IT. 415 (1832). A shrub or

small tree, reaching 50 feet in height; branches slender, branchlets stel-

lately grey-pubescent. Leaves membranous; ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate, sometimes acute at base; nearly

glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, but with stellate hairs on both sides

of the nerves; margins sparingly and irregularly serrate, sometimes sub-

252 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

entire, slightly revolute; 1:5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving upwards and anastomosing

near the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations prominent, the

latter transverse; petiole -2 in. long, stellate-pubescent. Racemes

terminal or from the axils of the uppermost leaves of the branchlets,

6-8-flowered or fewer, sometimes reduced to 1 only, sometimes panicu-

late from the absence of leaves, 1 to 2 in. long; rachis slender, densely

white-stellate-pubescent; pedicels -2 in. long; bracteoles linear, nearly

as long as pedicels; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; tube white-

pubescent without, glabrous within, ‘15 in. long; teeth 5, 05 in. long,

irregular, repand-dentate, white-pubescent on both sides. Corolla-tube

‘15 in. long, cylindric ; lobes 5, -25 in. long, oblong, sub-acute, densely

white-pubescent without and within except the lower part of the tube.

Stamens 10, 2°5 in. long; filaments inserted on the corolla-tube, wide

and white-tomentose at the base, narrower and glabrous above, con-

tinued in the connective; anthers broadly linear, erect, as long as the

filaments, rounded at top, cells 2 parallel. Ovary densely white-villous ;

style slender, -3 in. long; stigma small, capitate; cells 3. Fruit ellip-

soid, -4 to: 5 in. long, ‘3 in. broad, white- or grey-pubescent, supported

by the patelliform calyx; pericarp fleshy, rather thin, irregularly

breaking up. Seeds 1, rarely 2 or more; outer integument smooth,

hard, shining, brittle; inner one membranous, brown; albumen firm,

grey; embryo erect, nearly as long as the endosperm; cotyledons

cordate, ‘15 in. long; radicle thick, terete, as long ascotyledons. Wall.

Cat. 4402; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 267; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5950 (syn.

excl.) ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 237 and For. Fl. II. 142;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 588; Prain Beng. Plants I. 656.

S. Portertanus, Wall. Cat. 4401; A. DC. l.c.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2,

463. 8S. floribunda, Griff. Notul. IV. 287.

Prenane: Wallich 4401; Phillips ; Curtis 1187, 1538; Ridley 7176.

Perak: King’s Collector 1662.—Distris. India, at 3,000 to 7,000 feet

from Nepal to Assam, Chittagong and Burma.

The plant is frequently affected by galls.

2. SryRax Benzorn, Dryand. in Phil. Trans. Vol. LX XVIT. 308, t. 12

(1787). A tree with slender drooping branches, reaching 60 to 80 feet in

height and 2 to 3 feet in diam. of stem; branches rounded, glabrous ;

upper branchlets rusty-grey-stellate-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, acuminate at apex, attenuate or rounded at base; glabrous

above, densely grey-stellate-pubescent beneath ; margins entire or rarely

slightly denticulate ; 4 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib slender,

prominent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 253

upwards to and along the margin; reticulations transverse, regular, pro-

minent; petiole ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, channelled above, densely grey-stellate-

pubescent. acemes paniculate, terminal or axillary to the upper leaves,

grey-stellate-pubescent; bracts ovate, caducous; pedicels slender,

angular, -1 to -2 in. long; bracteoles linear, as long as the pedicels or

nearly so; flowers silvery-white. Calyx cupular, -15 in. long, densely

grey-stellate-pubescent without; teeth 5, minute. Corolla-tube ‘15 in.

long, cylindric ; lobes 5, -3 in. long, oblong-linear, acute, white-pubes-

cent without and more or less within, recurved. Stamens 10, °3 in,

long, attached to the tube of the corolla; filaments flattened, °15 in.

long, white-pubescent, continued in the connective; anthers linear,

slender, erect, acute at tip, as long as filaments, cells parallel. Ovary

conical, villous above; style slender, °3 in. long; stigma small, capitate ;

cells 3, ovules 2 or more in each cell, placentas central. Frwt depressed-

globose, variable in size, reaching °8 in. in diam. and ‘6 in. in height;

white-pubescent, supported by the flattened persistent patelliform calyx ;

pericarp corky, rather thick, irregularly dehiscing. Seed usually 1,

pale-brown with a broad basal hilum; outer integument hard, brittle,

inner membranous; albumen firm; embryo horizontal or oblique,

nearly as long as the endosperm; cotyledons flattened, oblong-cordate,

2 in. long ; radicle smooth, -15 in. long, cylindric. Blume Bijdr. 671 ;

Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 416; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 260; Bentl. & Trim. Med.

Pl. IIT. t. 169; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. Pt. 2, 463; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 589; Girke in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. i. 178,

fig. 93; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 132.

Perak: Wray 808, 1208; Scortechim 1998; King’s Collector 4459,

7840, 7884, 8615, 10203, 10305. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 963, 964 ;

Grifith (K.D.) 3668. Sinaapore: Ridley 2650.—Distris. Sumatra

(Beccari 699; Forbes 31204); Java (Forbes 1183).

This species gives the gum ‘‘ Benzoin,” or ‘‘ Benjamin,” of commerce. The plant

is often affected by galls, causing curious tassel-like excrescences on the branches.

The tree has the odour of violets (Wray).

3. STYRAX CROTONOIDES, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 589 (1882).

A tree, 60 to 80 feet high and 15 to 20 in. in diam. of stem ; branches

spreading and drooping; branchlets rather thick, grey, ultimate ones

and innovations densely clothed with whitish-grey and rusty-stellate

tomentum, the rusty hairs large and scattered among the rest. Leaves

chartaceo-coriaceous; broadly oblong or elliptic-oblong, abruptly acu-

minate at apex, attenuate or cuneate at base; glabrous above except

on the nerves, densely white-tomentose beneath, and with scattered

rusty-stellate hairs; margins entire or undulate; 5 to 7 in, long, 2°5 to

254 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath, impressed and stellate-pilose

above; main-nerves about 10 pairs, prominent, arched upwards to and

along the margin; reticulations prominent, transverse ; petiole °3 to 4 in.

long, stellate-pubescent. Racemes in terminal and axillary panicles,

4 to 8 in. long, densely white-tomentose and rusty-stellate-pilose, in-

cluding calyx; pedicels very short, 0 to -15 in. long; bracts oblong-

lanceolate, glandular-dentate, :25 in. long; bracteoles 2, linear-subulate,

‘15 in. long; flowers creamy-white. Calyx-tube cupular, -2 to -25 in.

long, truncate; teeth 5, very minute. Corolla-tube short, -15 long,

glabrous at the very base, appressed white-pubescent above; lobes 5,

valvate, ‘3 in. long, linear-oblong, acute, afterwards recurved. Stamens

10, about ‘3 in. long; filaments short, flat, glabrous, continued in the

connective which is white-pubescent on the back; anthers ‘2 in. long,

linear, mucronate, cells parallel. Ovary 5-lobed, white-villous, conical ;

style slender, as long as corolla; stigma capitate; cells 3, ovules 5 to 6,

erect. Fruit ovoid, grey-pubescent, mucronate, 75 to 1 in. in diam.,

supported by the cupuliform calyx ; pericarp thick, corky. Seed 1, outer

integument pale brown, smooth, crustaceous, with a broad basal hilum,

inner integument membranous; albumen firm, endosperm cushion-like ;

embryo somewhat oblique ; cotyledons cordate, -2in. long ; radicle thick,

terete, as long as cotyledons. Crotoni affinis sp. Wall. Cat. 7348. _

PERAK: Scortechint 179; King’s Collector 7775, 7967, 8558, 10734.

SinGAPORE: Wallich 7848; Cantley 60.

This species, like the others, is also frequently found with large tassel-like insect

galls in place of the inflorescence.

Order LXXIV. CLEACEA.

- Erect or climbing shrubs or trees, unarmed. Leaves usually oppo-

site, rarely alternate or verticillate, simple or pinnately 3-few-foliolate,

entire or toothed; stipules none. Inflorescence sometimes dichoto-

mously cymose and centrifugal, sometimes trichotomously paniculate,

some or all branches centripetal; cymes or panicles axillary or ter-

minal. Flowers hermaphrodite, often dimorphous, sometimes polyga-

mous or dicecious, regular. Calyx free, usually small, campanulate,

4- or more-toothed or -lobed, rarely 0. Corolla gamopetalous; tube

long or short; lobes or petals 4 to 12, imbricate or induplicate-valvate

in bud. Stamens usually 2, sometimes 4, inserted on the corolla, or

hypogynous if the petals are free or 0; filaments usually short ; anthers

‘rather large, ovate or oblong, rarely linear, dehiscing on the margin.

Ovary free, 2-celled; style short or long; stigma simple or 2-lobed ;

ovules 1 to 2, rarely more, in each cell, attached to the inner angle near

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 255

the apex or base. /rwit capsular, loculicidally 2-valved or indehiscent,

or a berry or drupe. Seeds solitary or 2 in each cell, erect or pendu-

lous; testa thin or bony; albumen fleshy or horny or 0; embryo

straight ; radicle inferior or superior.—Distris. Tropical and tempe-

rate regions of the world; genera about 18, species about 280.

Corolla-lobes imbricate :—

Seeds exalbuminous ; usually climbing shrubs 58 .. lL. Jaswnoum.

Seeds albuminous; small trees.. we ue .. 2. OsMANTHUS.

Corolla-lobes valvate :—

Radicle superior ; trees or erect shrubs :—

Corolla-tube very short, petals often in pairs 3. Lryocrera.

Corolla tubular, sometimes absent 4. OLEA.

Radicle inferior ; climbing shrubs 5. Myxopyrum.

Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis, Linn., is found in gardens in cultivation.

1. JAsminum, Linn.

Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate,

simple trifoliolate or imparipinnate, generally entire; petiole usually

articulate. Flowers often handsome, white pink or yellow, often

sweet-scented, in 2- or 3-chotomous or simple cymes or sometimes

solitary, axillary or terminal, inflorescence centrifugal; bracts linear

and small or ovate, sometimes petaloid, bracteoles usually linear.

Calyz-tube usually funnel-shaped or campanulate; lobes 4 to 9, linear,

long or short or 0. Corolla-twbe narrow, more or less elongate; lobes

4 to 9, spreading, much imbricate. Stamens 2, usually included in the

corolla-tube ; filaments short; anthers oblong, attached to the filaments

at the back near the base, cells parallel, connective broad, usually pro-

duced in a mucronate point. Ovary 2-celled; ovules usually 2 in each

cell, attached near the base; style filiform, long or short, often both in

different flowers on the same plant; stigma oblong or capitate, gene-

rally bifid. Berry didymous or simple by suppression of one carpel ;

-earpels globose, ellipsoid or elongate, pericarp usually of two layers,

the outer (exocarp) membranous, the inner (endocarp) fleshy or fibrous.

Seeds usually 1 in each carpel, sometimes 2, testa very thin; albumen

none; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle inferior, very small, included

within the cotyledons or slightly exsert.—Distris. -Tropical and warm

temperate regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia, one species in Kurope,

many in cultivation : about 90 species in all.

Leaves simple :-—

Leaves penninerved, basal pair of nerves not opposite nor pro-

duced to form an intramarginal nerve :—

Inflorescence terminal :—

Erect or straggling shrub ae 35 .. 1. J. Sambac.

256 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Climbing shrubs :—

Calyx-lobes *2 in. long or longer ; leaves rather large :—

Leaves chartaceous :—

Leaves and branchlets sme main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs .. 2. J. Griffithit..

Leaves and branchlets aleimans, main-nerves 6 ‘é

8 pairs o6 fic 5 .. 3. J. Maingayi.

Leaves membranous :—

Calyx-lobes spreading, -25 in. long or longer ; fruit-

ing pedicels thickened 50 4. J. Wray.

Calyx-lobes erect, °5 in. long; sailed very shou 5. J. Curtisit.

Calyx-lobes under -2 in. long, pubescent; leaves

small :-—

Corolla-tube short, :25 in. long nhs .. 6. J. decussatum.

Corolla-tube ‘6 to °8 in. ee ‘ ae .. 7. J. bifarium.

Inflorescence axillary .. 8. J. adenophyllwn.

Leaves penninerved, basal pair of nerves anpostie, ranted to

form an intramarginal nerve :—

Basal pair of nerves prominent, branchlets round :—

Flowers in few-flowered long-peduncled cymes ; pedicels

1 to 1:5 in. long a 9. J. longipetalum.

Flowers in many-flowered short- peduncled ayaness aad

cels under ‘Sin. long .. .. 10. J. smilacifolium.

Basal pair of nerves not prominent, branches 4. angular .. 11. J. insigne.

Leaves 3-foliolate 50 an big .. 12. J. Scortechinii.

1, Jasminum Sampac, Ait. Hort. Kew. I. 8 (1789). A sub-erect,

straggling, scarcely climbing shrub; branches terete, smooth; branch-

lets slender, pubescent. Leaves membranous; variable, usually ovate,

often broadly so, acute or obtuse at apex, cuneate or rounded or

cordate at base; glabrous above, pubescent on the nerves beneath, often

with tufts of hair in the axils of the main-nerves; margins recurved ;

15 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed

above, raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, arching upwards to and

along the margin, raised beneath; reticulations distinct on both sides;

petiole 1 to -25 in. long, pubescent, articulate in the middle. Flowers

white, very fragrant, solitary or in 2-3-flowered terminal pubescent

cymes; bracteoles linear-subulate; pedicels -25 in. long, pubescent.

Calyx-tube campanulate, :1 in. long; teeth 5 to 9, linear-subulate, -1 to

‘25in. long. Corolla-tube slender, funnel-shaped, ‘din. long; lobes 8 to 9,

spreading, as long as tube, oblong acute or obtuse. Stamens included

in the tube; filaments short; anthers oblong. Ovary rounded; style

slender; stigmas 2, clavate. Berry didymous or with 1 carpel only by

suppression ; carpels black, *25 in. in diam., sub-globose, surrounded by

the sub-erect persistent calyx-teeth. Bot. Reg. t. 1; Bot. Mag. 6.1785;

Wall. Cat. 2868; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 301; Wight Ic. t. 704; Dalz. &

Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 187; Brandis For. Fl. 311; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 257

Beng. XLVI. ii. 242, and For. Fl. IT. 153; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

III. 591; Blume Bijdr. 677; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 542; Cooke Bomb.

Hl. IJ. 111; Prain Beng. Plants 659. J. fragrans, Salisb. Prod. 12.

J. undulatwm, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 36 (not of Ker). J. Zambac, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 2, and Fl. Ind. Hd. Carey & Wall. 1.87. J. quwinqueflorum, Heyne ;

Wall. Cat. 2878; A.DC. l.c. 302. J. pubescens, Wall. Cat. 2880, not of

Willd. Nyctanthes Sambac and wndulatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 8. Mogoriwm

Sambac, Lamk. Dict. TV. 210; Ill. t. 6, fig. 1. WM. undulatwm, Lamk.

Dict. TV. 212. ‘“ Kudda-mulla,’” Rheede Hort. Mal. VI. tt. 50, 51.

Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 58, fig. 2.

Perak: Scortechin 997.—Distrip. India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam.

Much cultivated in India and in all tropical regions. The cultivated forms have

many-flowered cymes and rounded corolla-lobes, and they are often found with double

flowers.

2. JASMINUM GRIFFITH, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 593

(1882). A slender climbing shrub; branchlets densely and patently ful-

vous-villous. Leaves chartaceous ; ovate- or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acute

or acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; fulvous-pilose on

both surfaces, sparsely above, more densely beneath but glabrescent

when old, the uppermost often whitened ; 4 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 3°5 in.

broad ; midrib prominent beneath ; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, at first

straight then arching upwards to join in a prominent looped intra-

marginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations rather indistinct ;

midrib and all nerves impressed above and pilose, raised and densely

fulvous-villous beneath, tufted in the axils; petiole stout, -2 to -4 in.

long. Flowers creamy-white, in terminal, many-flowered, fulvous-

pilose cymes, 1 to 1:5 in. long and up to 2 in. broad; bracts leafy, lan-

ceolate, about ‘5 to 1 in. long, few; bracteoles many, linear, similar to

calyx-lobes, of various lengths. Calyx-tube slender, ‘1 in. long; lobes 5,

linear, -2 in. long. Corolla-twbe slender, slightly enlarged above, ‘75 in.

long; lobes 5, spreading, -25 in. long, elliptic, apiculate; lobes and

tube minutely pubescent without. Stamens included or slightly exsert;

_ filaments broad; anthers oblong-lanceolate with a broad connective, -15

to -2 in. long. Ovary glabrous; style slender; stigma clavate. Berry

didymous ; carpels waxy-white, globose, ‘3 to ‘4 in. in diam., pericarp

crustaceous, glabrous. Seed usually one, testa fibrous; cotyledons thick,

plano-convex, ‘2 in. in diam.

PERAK: King’s Collector 10229. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3704.

SINGAPORE: Ridley 8455.

Var. cuspidata, King & Gamble. Leaves thinner than in the type,

oblong, abruptly and sharply cuspidate-acuminate at apex, attenuate and

258 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

abruptly rounded at base, 5 to 5:5 in, long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad, much

less pilose, main-nerves 8 to 10 pairs; seeds 1 to 2, testa crustaceous.

Prenane: Curtis 2787. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 998. JonorE:

at Gunong Palai, 1,400 feet, G. King.

3. JasmMinuM Maineayt, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 594 (1882).

A climbing shrub; branchlets light brown, terete, internodes somewhat

elongate, innovations and inflorescence tawny-pubescent. Leaves char-

taceous; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate and often mucronate at

apex, rounded or attenuate or cuneate at base; glabrous on both

surfaces; margins recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib

stout; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, arching upwards to join in a looped

intramarginal nerve about -2 in. from the margin; secondary nerves

few; reticulations distant, obscure; all nerves strongly impressed above

and raised beneath ; petiole -5 to ‘7 in. long, articulate in the middle,

twisted, the bases of each pair connected by a raised nodal line.

Flowers in terminal or axillary, paniculate, tawny-pubescent, trichoto-

mous cymes, 1:5 to 2 in. long, sessile or peduncled ; bracts oblong or

spathulate, leafy ; bracteoles linear, about :25 in. long or less; pedicels

blueish, -15 in. long; flowers white, sometimes slightly tinged with

pink. Calyx-tube campanulate, -07 to -1 in. long; teeth 6, linear-

subulate, 325 in. long. Corolla-tube slender,’5 to “7 in. long, glabrous ;

lobes 8 to 10, spreading, rotate, oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, -4 in.

long, with prominent nerves. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ;

filaments slender, appressed to the tube; anthers oblong, mucronate,

_°15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous; style

slender, -4 to ‘5 in. long; stigma clavate. F'rwt of one carpel, oblong,

‘5 in. long, *3 in. broad, exocarp thin shining, endocarp fibrous. Seeds

2, testa thin. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7823.

Prenane : Maingay (K.D.) 1000; Curtis 643. Prrak: Scortechini

139, 304; Curtis 2032; King’s Collector 2761, 2762, 3975.—DisTRIB.

Borneo (Haviland & Hose 911). .

Var. kedahensis, King & Gamble. Branchlets and inflorescence

thickly rusty-pubescent. Leaves more ovate, rounded at base, nerves

fewer, rarely 3 to 4 pairs, the two lower pairs very strong. Drupe

nearly globose.

Kepaxu: Ridley 5535.

A well-marked variety which may prove, when better known, to be a species.

4, Jasminum Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climbing

shrub; branchlets pale brown, slender, terete. Leaves membranous ;

oblong or obovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, attenuate or rounded,

sometimes slightly auricled at base; glabrous on both surfaces except

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 259

for tufts of tawny hairs in the axils of the main-nerves beneath ; 3 to

7 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad ; midrib very slender, raised beneath ; main-

nerves about 7 pairs, curving upwards to and along the margin where

they are obscurely connected in an intramarginal looped nerve, usually

slightly impressed above and raised beneath; secondary nerves and

reticulations obscure; petiole ‘3 to ‘5 in., slender, twisted. Flowers

cream-coloured, in terminal, about 15-20-flowered corymbose cymes

2 to 3 in. long; peduncle 1 to 1:5 in. long, branches at right angles to

rachis in fruit, ‘7 to 1 in. long; bracts lanceolate-acuminate, 5 in. long;

bracteoles linear-subulate, -2 to °3 in. long; pedicels slender in flower,

clavately-thickened in fruit and then °3 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx-tube very

short; lobes 5, linear-subulate, spreading, curved, -25 in. long, glabrous

or slightly pilose. Corolla-twbe slender, -75 in. long, slightly enlarged

above ; lobes 8 to 9, narrow, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long. Stamens included in the

corolla-tube ; filaments short ; anthers oblong, long-mucronate. Ovary

cylindric, depressed; style slender; stigma slightly clavate. rut didy-

mous; carpels ovoid-globose, greenish-white, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, exocarp

thin shining, endocarp fibrous. Seed 1, testa very thin, membranous ;

cotyledons plano-convex, thick.

Prerak: Wray 2297, 2905, 3147; King’s Collector 1838, 2484.

Var. juspida, King & Gamble. Upper branchlets and inflorescence

including calyx sparsely hispid, also midrib and main-nerves of leaves

beneath ; under-surface of leaves often pubescent; main-nerves up to

10 pairs.

Perak: King’s Collector 5893, on limestone hills. SELANGOR:

Curtis 3774.

Var. axilaris, King & Gamble. Leaves rather small, sparsely

pubescent, especially on the midrib and main-nerves; inflorescence

axillary, few-flowered (5 to 7), calyx hispid; fruit large, up to ‘dO in. in

diam.

PrRAK: on Maxwell’s Hill, 3,000 feet—a slender climber, Scorte-

chint 273.

5. Jasminum Curtist, King & Gamble,n. sp. A climbing shrub (?);

' branchlets slender, terete, minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves mem-

branous ; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, rounded at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces except for pubescence on the nerves above

and tufts of hair in the axils of the main-nerves beneath; 3 to 5 in.

long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender; main-nerves 5 to 6 pairs, distant,

curving upwards and joining in a looped nerve ‘1 to -2 in. from the

margin, raised and prominent on both surfaces; secondary nerves and

reticulations few, irregular; petiole -4 in. long, pubescent, twisted,

articulate in the middle, the bases of each pair connected by a faint

260 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nodal line. lowers in a terminal trichotomous rusty-pubescent cyme,

supported by pale (white ?) leafy, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent bracts 1 to

1:25 in. long; bracteoles similar but smaller; pedicels -15 in. long ;

flowers in each cyme about 15 to 20. Calyx-tube campanulate, -15 in.

long; lobes 6, linear-subulate, -5 in. long. Corolla-tuwbe slender, cylin-

drical, 1 in. long; lobes 8 to 9, spreading or recurved, ‘5 in. long, oblong-

lanceolate, acute. Anthers oblong, ‘125 in. long, mucronate. Ovary

cylindric, glabrous; style slender ; stigmas 2, clavate. rut not known.

PERAK: at Ipoh, Curtis.

A remarkable species, distinguished by the very long hair-like calyx-lobes and the

coloured or white large leafy bracts and bracteoles.

6. JASMINUM DECUSSATUM, Wall. Cat. 2860 (1829). A climbing shrub;

branchlets slender, densely rusty-pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base; sparsely

pubescent above, more densely so beneath ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in.

broad; midrib rather stout; main-nerves 4 to 5, lowest pair obscure,

rest curved upwards to meet near the margin, impressed above, raised

beneath ; petiole -3 to -4 in. long, pubescent, articulate near the base,

the bases of each pair of petioles (as also branchlets) joined by a

raised nodal line on either side. Flowers in densely pubescent axillary

and terminal trichotomous corymbose cymes about 1 to 2 in. long, sup-

ported by a pair of large leaf-like bracts; bracteoles linear-subulate ;

pedicels ‘1 to ‘2 in. long. Calyx-tuwbe short; teeth 6, subulate, -1 in.

long. Corolla-twbe slender, -25 in. long; lobes 8 to 9, as long as tube,

oblong-lanceolate, apiculate. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ;

filaments short; anthers oblong, ‘1 in. long, mucronate. Ovary rounded,

glabrous ; style slender, longer than the corolla-tube (in short-stamened.

flowers); stigmas two, clavate. Fruit of one ellipsoid carpel, -2 to ‘3 in.

long, glabrous. A.DC. Prod. VIII. 306; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLVI.

ul. 241, and For. Fl. IJ. 151; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 596.

PrEnanGe: King’s Collector 1425, at Trang, 100 to 300 feet—DistTRIB.

Burma (Wallich 2860, Griffith 3699).

7. JASMINUM BIFARIUM, Wall. Cat. 2866 (1829). A climbing shrub ;

branchlets slender, terete, brown when dry, pubescent or nearly glab-

vous. Leaves chartaceous, usually bifarious; ovate or ovate-oblong,

acuminate at apex, rounded or truncate sometimes almost cordate at

base ; pubescent or sometimes nearly glabrous on both surfaces; 2 to

3. in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, pubescent, impressed above,

raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, pubescent, prominent beneath,

arched upwards to join in an intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves and

reticulations very obscure; petiole -2 to °3 in. long, twisted, articu-

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 261

late in the middle, the bases of each pair connected (as are the branch-

lets) on either side by a raised nodal line. Flowers white, in few- (4—12-)

flowered, pubescent, sub-capitate cymes, sub-sessile in the axils of the

two uppermost bract-like leaves ; bracteoles linear-subulate, -15 in. long ;

pedicels -1 in. long. Calyx-twhe campanulate; teeth 5 to 7, linear-

subulate, -1 to 15 in. long. Corolla-twbe slender, cylindric, °6 to ‘8 in.

long; lobes 6 to 9, ovate-oblong, spreading, apiculate, ‘2 to ‘3 in. long.

Stamens included in the corolla-tube; filaments short, slender; anthers

oblong, mucronate, -1 to -15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylin-

dric, glabrous; style slender, exsert; stigmas 2, clavate. Mrwit a didy-

mous berry; carpels ovoid, ‘5 in. long, -2 in. broad; exocarp membranous

shining, endocarp fibrous. Seed conform to carpel, testa very thin;

membranous. A.DC. Prod. VIII. 305; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

Til. 595. J. bracteatwm, Wall. Cat. 2867. J. nummularoides, Blume

Mus, Lugd. Bat. I. 275; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 537.

Prnane: Wallich 2866, 2867; Curtis 1920; Ridley 9361. PERak :

Wray 4180 ; King’s Collector 860, 4920, 10699 ; Deschamps ; Scortechint

59, 144, 238. SmLancor: Ridley 7550, 8567. Panane: firdley

in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 319—Disrris. Java.

Var. glabra, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 595. Leaves

larger, elliptic, rhomboid or rounded at the base, more glabrous, less

bifarious; calyx-teeth rather longer. J. Lessertianwm, A.DC. Prod.

VIII. 304.

JUNKSEYLON (Tongka): Curtis 2911. Punana: Maingay (K.D.) 999 ;

Deschamps. Perak: Wray 4180; Scortechini ; Kunstler 122. Mawacca :

Grufith (K.D.) 3708; Goodenough 1995. JoHorn: Ridley 4217. Sinca-

PORE: Lobb; Ridley 10760.—DistRis. Sumatra.

8. JASMINUM ADENOPHYLLUM, Wall. Cat. 2876 (1829). A very slender

wiry climber; branchlets extensively twining, glabrous. Leaves mem-

branous; ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, variable, acuminate and

mucronate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous above except on the

midrib, glabrous beneath except the tuft of tawny hairs in the axils of

the main-nerves; margins somewhat undulate; 1:5 to 5 in. long, -75 to

1-5in. broad ; midrib slender; main-nerves very slender, obscure, about

6 pairs, curving upwards to meet in a faint intramarginal looped nerve ;

petiole slender, twisted, articulate in the middle, -2 to -3 in. long, hispid.

Flowers white, solitary, or 2 to 3 together in a slender, sometimes leafy,

umbel from the axils of the leaves; peduncle :75 to 1:25 in. long,

flattened above and with a pair of opposite bracts near the middle ;

_ bracts of umbel 2, linear-subulate, -3 in. long; pedicels very slender,

‘75 to 1 in. long, clavately enlarged in fruit. Calyx-twbe campanulate,

glabrous, ribbed, -1 in. long; lobes linear-subulate, keeled on the back,

262 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

sparsely hispid, 4 to ‘5 in. long, points recurved. Corolla-tube slender,

funnel-shaped, ‘75 in. long; lobes as long or slightly longer, 8 to 9,

recurved, oblong-ligulate, about 25 to -3 in. broad. Stamens included

in the corolla-tube ; filaments short, slender; anthers oblong, mucro-

nate, *15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary cylindric; style slender ;

stigma clavate. Fruit globose, shining, young carpels -25 in. in diam.

A.DC. Prod. VIII. 314; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 597.

Penane: King’s Collector 1736.—Distris. Khasia Hills (Wallich).

This species is clearly quite a small climber, and while the Penang specimens have

only small leaves those from the Khasia Hills show comparatively large ones, but this

is not unnatural, and we believe the identification to be correct.

9. JASMINUM LONGIPETALUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climb-

ing shrub, reaching 30 to 40 feet; branchlets slender, terete, pale brown.

Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, 3-nerved; elliptic, acute or shortly

acuminate at apex, attenuate or cuneate or slightly rounded at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 6 in. long,

1-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slightly impressed above, shortly raised

beneath ; main-nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the basal pair opposite, at about 25°

with the midrib produced in an intramarginal nerve about 265 in. from

the margin, looped where the others, which are at about 65° with the

midrib, join it; secondary nerves and reticulations very indistinct ;

petiole -2 to -4 in. long, twisted. Flowers white tinged with pink,

fascicled 3 to 6 together in the axils of the upper leaves, forming sessile

umbellate cymes ; bracts very small, ovate-acute, deciduous ; pedicels

1 to 1:5 in. long, very slender, summit enlarged in fruit. Calyx-tube

short; lobes 6, glabrous, linear-subulate, ‘1 in. long, margins inflexed.

Corolla-tube very slender, :75 in. long; lobes 9, linear-oblong, acute,

3-5-nerved, ‘75 to 1 in. long, much recurved in flower. Stamens within

the tube; filaments short, slender; anthers oblong, ‘175 in. long,

obtuse. Ovary glabrous, 2-celled; style slender; stigma flattened,

minutely pubescent. Frwit didymous; carpel usually 1 only by

suppression, black, globose, -4 to °5 in. in diam.; pericarp fleshy,

glabrous. Seeds 2, testa very thin, cotyledons plano-convex.

Perak: King’s Collector 2765, 6005—on rich soil at 300 to 800 feet

elevation, scarce. SincAPorE: fidley 10987.

A particularly handsome and well-defined species, which is well worthy of garden

cultivation.

10. JaAsMINUM smiLactrotium, Griff. MS., Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. III. 600 (1882). A large glabrous climbing shrub ; branchlets pale

brown, terete. Leaves coriaceous, 3-nerved; ovate, abruptly caudate-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 263

acuminate at apex, obtuse or nearly cordate at base; margins entire,

recurved; 5 to 7 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib very prominent,

impressed above, much raised beneath; two lowest main-nerves very

prominent, similar to the midrib, curved upwards to form a pair of

intramarginal nerves meeting at the apex; remaining main-nerves

irregular, 3 to 4 pairs, inconspicuous; secondary nerves and reticulations

raised above; petiole ‘75 in. long, twisted, articulate in the middle.

Inflorescence of axillary 5-20-flowered cymes; rachis jointed, terete ;

bracts spathulate, -1 to :2 in. long; bracteoles smaller, linear ; pedicels

‘2 to -3 in. long, greatly enlarged in fruit; flowers white, tinged with

pink. Calyx campanulate, tube -15 in. long; teeth 5, ‘05 in. long.

Corolla-tube slender, cylindrical, -75 to 1 in. long; lobes oblong, acute

or apiculate, -75 in. long, ‘2 in. broad. Stamens inserted in the throat

of the tube; filaments short; anthers linear-oblong, -25 in. long,

mucronate. Drwpe didymous; carpels ellipsoid, ‘1 in. long, °3 to

‘4 in. broad, smooth, shining.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 3698; Maingay (K.D.) 997.

11. JAsMINUM INSIGNE, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. 278 (1849).

An extensively climbing shrub; branches obscurely quadrangular with

pale-grey corky bark; branchlets acutely quadrangular, glabrous, the

edges pale-corky-winged. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; opposite, occa-

sionally whorled; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at apex, cuneate at

base ; glabrous on both surfaces; margins recurved; 2 to 8 in. long, 1 to

4 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath; main-nerves 6 to 7 pairs,

the basal pair faint, opposite, at about 30° with the midrib, produced in

an intramarginal nerve ‘1 to -2 in. from the margin, looped where the

others, which are at 50° to the midrib, join it; secondary nerves and

reticulations obscure ; petiole 4 to 1°2 in. long, twisted, the upper part

bordered for a short distance by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Flowers white, in compact, many-flowered, glabrous cymes from the

axils of the leaves or (more usually) from the stem; bracteoles sub-

ulate, -1 to -15in. long, caducous; pedicels stout, -2 in. long, somewhat

angular. Calyx-tube campanulate, :25 in. long; lobes 4 to 5, linear-

subulate, unequal, -25 to -35 in. long, points hooked. Corolla-twbe

slender, -75 to 1 in. long, somewhat inflated above; mouth slightly

thickened ; lobes 4 to 5, spreading, ovate-oblong, apiculate, -5 in. long,

°3 to ‘4 in. broad. Stamens in the tube of the corolla; filaments

flattened; anthers oblong, mucronate, -25 to °3 in. long. Ovary

glabrous, rounded; style slender, clavate, obscurely cleft in 2 short

stigmas; cells 2. Fruit didymous; carpels oblong, smooth, white when

ripe. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 541. J. cawliflorum, Scortechini MS. in

Herb. Calcutta.

264 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Psrak: at Theripay Taipay, Scortechini; Wray 2840; Cantley 23 ;

King’s Collector 2890, 3398, 7059.—Distriz. Sumatra, Forbes 2906.

A very fine species of well-marked characters.

12. Jasminum Scorrecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender

climbing shrub, reaching 60 feet in length; branchlets dark-coloured,

glabrous. Leaves thin when young, almost coriaceous when old, 3-

sometimes 1-foliolate, opposite or sub-opposite; terminal leaflet ovate

or lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on both

surfaces, upper surface shining, nearly black when dry, lower surface

dull, reddish when dry; 2:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; lateral

leaflets similar but slightly smaller and often lanceolate ; midrib slender,

raised beneath; main-nerves very indistinct, apparently 6 to 8 pairs;

petiole -75 in. long, petiolule of end leaflet °5, of side leaflets -3 in. long,

all grooved, slender, articulate below the leaflet. Flowers white, in

axillary or terminal trichotomous cymes, terminal ones often panicu-

late ; peduncles -5 to 1 in. long; bracts ovate-acute or subulate, -1 in.

long ; cymes sparsely scaly ; bracteoles at the base of the calyx minute ;

pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long, very much enlarged in fruit and then reaching

‘d to ‘7 in. in length and ‘3 in. in diam. at top. Calyx-twbe campanulate,

‘125 in. long; teeth 5, very short, triangular. Corolla-twbe slender, en-

larged above, ‘4 to ‘6 in. long ; lobes 5, ovate-cordate, obtuse, -3 to -4 in.

long, spreading. Stamens included in the corolla-tube ; filaments short;

anthers oblong, mucronate, -15 in. long, connective broad. Ovary

cylindrical, glabrous, 2-celled ; style slender, as long as the corolla-tube ;

stigma clavate. Fruit didymous; carpels ellipsoid, -75 to 1 in. long,

‘5 in. broad; pericarp thin, crustaceous, blackish-brown. Seed nearly

filling the cavity ; testa thin, fragile; cotyledons oblong-obtuse, slightly

auricled at base, -5 to 6 in. long by -265 in. broad, plano-convex.

Penance: Curtis 1227, 2031. Perak: Scortechini 383, 479 ; Ridley

10679 ; King’s Collector 7006, 7009; Curtis 169.

The description is largely after Scortechini MS. The species comes very near J.

lanceolaria, Roxb., but differs in its more slender habit, thinner leaves, and large

ellipsoid carpels.

Ridley’s No. 8325 from Lankawi Island, Kedah, is a twiggy, apparently erect shrub

with trifoliolate leaves, the leaflets all obovate-orbicular emarginate, the end one

reaching 1-7 in. long and 1°3 in. broad, the side ones only about °6 in. long and broad.

The fruits are of one carpel about the size of a small pea, and the flowers are unknown.

It may possibly not be a Jasminum (Herb. Kew).

The following species from Borneo is of interest, and may perhaps

be found later on in the Peninsula :—

JAsSMINUM SARAWACENSE, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub; branchlets

pale brown, terete; internodes rather long. Leaves opposite, chartaceous; elliptic-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 265

oblong, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins

recurved ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1°75 to 2°75 in. broad; midrib strong, impressed above,

raised beneath ; main-nerves 4 pairs, the lowest pair near the margin at an angle of

about 30° with the midrib, the remaining pairs at about 50°, curving upwards to meet

in an intramarginal looped nerve, which is also met by secondary nerves above the

fourth pair; reticulations irregular, not prominent; petiole -5 to -75 in. long, twisted

in the middle. Inflorescence of axillary, long-peduncled, trichotomous, pubescent,

corymbose cymes, about 1 in. broad at top, usually 1 pair from each node; peduncle

terete, 2 to 3 in. long, sometimes branched, minutely pubescent; branches very short,

*2 in. long; pedicels clavate, ‘1 to -15 in. long; bracts and bracteoles linear-subulate,

‘25 in. long, one pair of bracteoles to each terminal fascicle of 3 flowers; flowers

white, buds clavate, 1 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate, -15 in. long; lobes 6,

linear-oblong, applicately infolded at the middle inwards, -15 to -2 in. long, pubescent.

Corolla-tube cylindrical, 1in. long; lobes 6, spreading, oblong, rounded at top, -4 to

‘5 in. long, prominently 3-5-nerved. Stamens 2, inserted at about the middle of the

tube within ; filaments short, decurrent within the tube; anthers linear-oblong, :2 in.

long. Ovary cylindric, truncate and depressed at top, 2-celled; style very slender;

stigma clavate. Fruit not known.

Borneo: near Kuching in Sarawak, Haviland & Hose 3489,

2. Osmantuus, Lour.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves opposite, evergreen, entire or

dentate. Flowers small, axillary or terminal, fascicled or in very short

racemes, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx short, 4-toothed or

-lobed. Corolla-twbe short or long; lobes 4, broad, obtuse, imbricate.

Stamens 2, more rarely 4, inserted on the corolla-tube; anthers ovate,

sub-extrorsely dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, pendu-

lous from its apex; style short or cylindric, 2-lobed or sub-entire.

Drupe ovoid or globose ; exocarp fleshy, endocarp bony or crustaceous.

Seeds usually solitary, pendulous; testa thin; albumen fleshy; coty-

ledons flat; radicle short, superior.—Duistris. N.W. Himalaya and

eastwards to China and Japan, also in Western North America; about

8 to 10 species.

OsmAnTHUS ScorTECHINU, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching

40 to 50 feet in height, and 10 to 15 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets

terete with pale grey, somewhat corky, bark. Leaves coriaceous;

lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces

glabrous; margins entire, recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, -75 to 1-25 in. broad ;

midrib thick, impressed above, raised beneath ; main-nerves very obscure,

about 5 to 6 pairs ; petiole broad, -3 to -6 in. long, channelled above and

bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. lowers in very short,

close, axillary racemes, reaching °5 in. long in fruit, supported by a pair

of ovate, acute, coriaceous bracts ; pedicels slender, ‘05 in. long. Calyx

membranous, ‘06 in. long; lobes 4, slightly serrate. Corolla campanu-

late, tube -05 in. long; lobes ‘I in. long, oblong, obtuse, margins incurved.

266 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stamens 4, slightly exsert, inserted between the corolla-lobes at the top

of the tube ; filaments slender; anthers small, ovate, cells dehiscing on

the margins or somewhat extrorsely. Ovary conical, glabrous; style

slender, subulate, 04 in. long ; cells 2, ovules in each cell apparently 2.

Drupe globose, *2 to °3 in. in diam.; dark greenish-blue when ripe,

exocarp thin, fleshy, endocarp crustaceous. Seed 1, testa membranous;

albumen fleshy, ruminate; cotyledons oblong, flat, narrow; radicle

superior.

Perak: Scortechim 414—at Thaipeng ; Wray 682; King’s Collector

0029, 6978.

The structure of the wood, so far as the examination of a very small branch goes,

confirms the placing of this plant in the genus Osmanthus.

To this species seems also to belong King’s Collector 3663, which has a bright red

drupe reaching °5 in. in length, slightly ribbed and with a spathulate embryo having

the radicle nearly as long as the cotyledons, each ‘1 in. It may be called Var. oblonga.

3. LINOCIERA, Swartz.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, entire. lowers small, in axillary

or extra-axillary, rarely terminal, panicles or cymes; bracts generally

small, sometimes rather enlarged and leafy; bracteoles very small.

Calyx small, 4-fid or -toothed. Corolla of 4 petals, long or short, nearly

free or cohering by pairs or very shortly connate, induplicate-valvate in

bud. Stamens 2, rarely 4, inserted at the base of the petals and usually

between the two cohering ones; filaments short; anthers elliptic or

oblong, dehiscing on the margin or slightly extrorse ; connective broad,

often apiculate. Ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous from

its apex; style short; stigma bifid or entire. Dyrwpe globose or ellip-

soid ; exocarp fleshy, thin, endocarp bony or crustaceous. Seed usually

solitary, pendulous; testa thin; albumen fleshy or 0, if fleshy the coty-

ledons flattened, radicle superior.—Distris. Tropics of both hemi-

spheres, species about 40. .

Leaves over 4 in. long, main-nerves prominent beneath :—

Panicles 4 to 6 in. long, drupe -75 in. long ate .. L. ZL. pauciflora.

Panicles 2 to 4 in. long, drupe 1:7 in. long a .. 2. I. macrocarpa.

Panicles 1°5 to 2 in. long, drupe not known 6 3. L. paludosa.

Leaves under 4 in. it 34 main-nerves obscure Decent mee

scarcely 1 in. long . ae ae Ba .. 4. L. caudata.

1. Linocipra PAUCIFLORA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 609

(1882). A small tree, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 1-5 to 2 feet in

diam. of stem; branches moderately stout, pale grey, smooth, swollen

at the nodes, internodes slightly angular} branchlets darker coloured,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 267

slender; leaf-buds linear-lanceolate. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong,

rounded or shortly obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous

on both surfaces, but with prominent raised glandular papille; 4 to

9 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib stout, slightly impressed above, pro-

minently raised beneath; main-nerves 11 to 13 pairs, fairly prominent

and regular, curving upwards to and along the margin near which they

anastomose ; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ; petiole -7 to

1:3 in. long, thickened at base. Flowers pale yellow or white, in com-

pound axillary panicles, 4 to 6 in. long; main branches 1 to 2 in. long;

rachis slender, glabrous, somewhat angular; bracts leafy, ovate or

spathulate, ‘5 to 1 in. or sometimes longer; bracteoles ovate-acute, very

small; pedicels slender, ‘05 to 1:5 in. long, much thickened and pale

in fruit even when quite young. Calyx-tube short; teeth 4, ovate-acute,

‘05 in. long. Corolla-lobes in two pairs, oblong, -1 to ‘15 in. long;

slightly hairy within. Stamens -05 in. long; filaments short, broad,

anthers elliptic, emarginate, with a gland on the front of the connective.

Drupe ellipsoid, -75 in. long, -3 to -4 in. broad, blueish-black when ripe ;

exocarp fleshy, endocarp thin, crustaceous. Seed 1, testa pergamaceous ;

albumen none; cotyledons fleshy, -55 in. long; radicle very small,

superior. Olea (?) pauciflora, Wall. Cat. 2812; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 288.

Chionanthus palembanica, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 558; Kurz For.

Fl. Il. 159, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 243.

Kepaw: Curtis. PrEnana: Wallich 28124, B; G. King; Curtis

695, 2773 ; King’s Collector 1693 ; Ridley 10178. Prrax: Ridley 7160;

Scortechint 952; King’s Collector 4172, 4834. S1ncarore: Ridley 5079.

—Disrris. Tenasserim, Andamans, Borneo (Haviland 1766).

2. LinoctmRA macRocaRPA, King & Gamble. A small tree;

branchlets pale greyish-brown, stout, lenticellate; innovations ashy-

pubescent. Leaves coriaceous; obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate,

obtuse or very shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, long cuneate

at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins entire or slightly recurved;

6 to 10 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad; midrib very stout, broad and

plane above, much raised beneath; main-nerves 14 to 17 pairs, pro-

minent beneath, curved only near the margin to meet in a faint looped

intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure ;

petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, enlarged at base. Flowers in ashy-pubescent

panicles, 2 to 4 in. long; bracts leafy, sometimes oblong-lanceolate,

more generally spathulate ; bracteoles linear-subulate, short; pedicels

variable, often 0; rachis and pedicels much enlarged in fruit. Calyx

pubescent; tube short; lobes ovate-acute, -05 in. long. Corolla-tube

very short; lobes oblong-linear, -1 to -15 in. long, margins much

incurved. Stamens -075 in. long; anthers oblong ; filaments very short,

268 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula,

connective produced in a conical acumen. Ovary pubescent; style

short; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe oblong-ellipsoid, 1:7 in. long, 1 to

1:2 in. broad; exocarp thick, granular; endocarp hard, -15 in. thick,

obscurely ridged outside. Seed 1, testa membranous, albumen fleshy.

LL. wmsignis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 610. Chionanthus

macrocarpa, Blume Mus. Bot. I. 319 (1849); Koord. & Val. Bijdr.

VIII. 239. C. imsignis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 559 (1862). C. mon-

tanus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i. 243, and For. Fl. IT. 159.

SINGAPORE: at Bukit Mandai, Ridley 4580.—Distrin. Tenasserim

(Helfer (K.D.) 3688), Martaban (Kurz), Sumatra (Teysmann, Beccars

826), Borneo (Beccari 725).

3. LinocrERA paLuDosA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (Wray),

large tree, 60 to 80 feet high, and 15 to 20 in. in diam. of stem (King’s

Collector) ; branchlets thick, pale greyish-brown. Leaves coriaceous ;

oblong, bluntly acute at apex, also at base; glabrous on both surfaces

except on the nerves which are minutely pubescent; margins recurved ;

6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent, slightly

raised above, strongly so beneath main-nerves 11 to 15 pairs, im-

pressed above, prominently raised beneath, -75 to 1 in. apart, at first

straight then curving upwards to and along the margin to anastomose

and form a prominent looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves

few ; reticulations transverse, not prominent; petiole stout, wrinkled,

‘Sin. long. Flowers yellow, with a brown centre, in pubescent panicles

1:5 to 2 in. long from the branchlets between the leaf-nodes in the axils

of small tubercles; peduncles stout, grey-pubescent, ‘2 in. long; bracts

ovate, grey-pubescent; bracteoles ovate-acute, recurved; pedicels 0:5

in. long. Calyx-tube short, lobes ovate-acute or triangular, ciliate,

025 in. long, one lobe sometimes enlarged. Corolla-lobes in 2 pairs,

linear-oblong, obtuse, ‘2 in. long, ‘05 in. broad, glabrous. Stamens

‘05 in. long; filaments broad, short; anthers rounded, connective with

an obscure gland. Ovary conical, glabrous; style short; stigmas 2.

Fruit not known.

Perak: at Sungie Larut, Wray 2424; on low wet ground, King’s

Collector 6476.

4, Linocigra caupata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching 30

to 40 feet in height and 5 to 7 in. in diam. of stem; branches slender,

pale grey, ultimate branchlets darker. Leaves chartaceous ; lanceolate,

caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces ;

margins entire, recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib

slender, raised above, scarcely raised beneath; main-nerves very

obscure, about 4 to 5 pairs, curving sharply upwards to meet in an

intramarginal looped nerve; petiole ‘1 to ‘2 in. long, grooved above.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 269

Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary, few-flowered, trichotomous, pani-

culate cymes about 1 in. long; rachis glabrous, somewhat angular ;

bracts and bracteoles small, ovate, acute. Calyx ‘05 in. long, tube

short; lobes 4, ovate, obtuse. Corolla-twbe scarcely any; lobes in 2

pairs, oblong, ‘1 in. long. Stamens: filaments broad; anthers oblong,

cells extrorsely dehiscing; connective apiculate. Ovary glabrous,

conical; style very short; stigma bifid. Drwpe (immature) obovoid,

‘3 to 4 in. long, seed apparently albuminous.

Perak: King’s Collector 3212, 6857, in dense jungle on high moun-

tains at 3,500 to 4,000 feet.

This species is rather near L. monticola, Bl., but the leaves are narrower and the

inflorescence longer.

4, Ouza, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers

small; hermaphrodite, dicecious or polygamous; in axillary, rarely

terminal trichotomous panicles; bracts small. Calyx short, 4-toothed

or -lobed. Corolla-twbe short; lobes 4, induplicate-valvate, sometimes

0. Stamens 2, on the corolla-tube or sub-hypogynous; filaments short ;

anthers ovate or oblong, cells dehiscing on the margin or slightly

extrorse, in g flowers sometimes introrse. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 2 in

each cell, attached laterally to the septum or sub-pendulous; style

short ; stigma obtuse, capitate or bifid. Drupe ellipsoid or sub-globose ;

exocarp fleshy ; endocarp bony or crustaceous, usually l-seeded. Seed

pendulous; testa thin; albumen fleshy, sometimes slightly ruminate ;

cotyledons flat, radicle superior.—Distris. South Hurope and Asia,

tropical and South Africa, New Zealand ; about 35 species.

Inflorescence more than 3 in. long; leaves oblong lanceolate,

acute, usually over 4 in. in length ai: . 1. O. dentata.

Inflorescence under 3 in. long; leaves elliptic- ages, pens =

under 4 in. in length as $3 5 .. 2. O. maritima.

Species ImperFecTLY Known.

Leaves 8 to 14 in. long; inflorescence extra-axillary on old wood;

‘drupes flattened .. -- 3. O. platycarpa.

Leaves 2 to 3 in. long; “dieeasnee pellane or alot axillary on

young wood ; corolla-lobes linear, ‘1 in. long; drupes not known.. 4. O. ardisioides.

1. OnEA DENTATA, Wall. Cat. 2840 (1829). A tree, 40 to 60 feet high ;

branchlets light brown, smooth, innovations minutely pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous ; oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at apex, cuneate or

rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces, but when young pubescent

on the nerves beneath; margins entire or distantly dentate, slightly

recurved; 3°5 to 5°5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, im-

270 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pressed above, raised beneath; main-nerves obscure, 8 to 10 pairs,

arching upwards to join in a looped nerve near the margin, impressed

above; petiole -4 in. long. Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary, leafy,

tri-pinnate, minutely pubescent, paniculate cymes, 3 to 6 in. long,

branches trichotomous, ultimate cymes umbellate; bracts leafy, oblong

or lanceolate, 5 to 1°5 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long;

bracteoles minute, ovate-acute. Calyx minutely pubescent, -05 in. long ;

lobes 4, ovate, obtuse. Corolla tubular-campanulate, ‘15 in. long; lobes

4, rounded, ‘05 in. long. Stamens very small, inserted at the base of

the corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers ovoid, sub-extrorsely

dehiscent. Ovary ovoid; style none; stigma capitate ; cells 2, ovules 2

in each cell. Drwpe not seen. A.DC. Prod. VIII. 286; Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 1. 245, and For. Fl. II. 157; Clarke in Hook. f.

BL Bex ind Tito:

Penane: Curtis 222, 950, 2267.—Distris. Burma.

2. OLEA MARITIMA, Wall. Cat. 2813 (1829). A large shrub or small

tree; branchlets terete, pale brown; innovations minutely pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or

somewhat rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces ; margins entire

or distantly serrate on their upper half; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in.

broad ; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ; main-nerves

obscure, 7 to 10 pairs, meeting near the margin in a looped intramarginal

nerve; reticulations scanty; petiole -2 to °3 in. long, minutely pubescent

when young, finally glabrous. Flowers dull white, polygamous, in

slender, minutely pubescent, trichotomous paniculate cymes with few

branches ; ultimate cymes umbellate, usually 75 to 1 in. long in flower,

up to 1:5 in. long in fruit, rarely axillary, usually extra-axillary; each

pair of peduncles supported by a pair of ovate lanceolate leafy bracts

°3 to ‘5 in. long; common peduncles 7 in. long; pedicels ‘05 to -1 in.

long, bracteoles none. Calyx ‘05 in. long, minutely rusty-pubescent ;

tube short ; lobes 4, ovate-acute, as long as tube. Corolla campanulate,

‘1 to ‘15 in. long; lobes 4, obtuse, as long as tube, induplicate-valvate,

apparently absent in ?. Stamens ‘07 in. long, inserted near the

base of the corolla-tube ; filaments slender ; anthers as long as filaments,

reniform, cells sub-extrorsely dehiscing. Ovary conical; style none ;

stigma capitate; cells 2, ovules in each cell pendulous. Drupe

globose, *2 in. in diam., black when ripe, wrinkled when dry;

exocarp thin, fleshy, endocarp crustaceous. Seed 1, testa very thin,

albumen copious; cotyledons elliptic, nearly -1 in. long; radicle some-

what thick. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 49; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 288;

288; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 612; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

547.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 271

Manacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3679; Maingay (K.D.) 1022; Cuming

2318; Ridley 3284, 10731. Panana: a common bush on the sandy

heaths, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. III. 319. Sryaapore:

Wallich 2813; Walker 188; Fudley 3616a, 8420; King’s Collector

1138; Murton 62.—Distriz. Malay Islands.

Species ImpERFECTLY Known.

3. OLEA PLATYCARPA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree with

spreading branches, reaching 25 to 30 feet in height; branchlets

stout, pale brown, smooth, marked by the prominent horse-shoe-

shaped scars of fallen leaves. Leaves coriaceous; obovate - oblong

or oblong-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;

glabrous on both surfaces and with scattered glands; margins entire,

slightly recurved; 8 to 14 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad; midrib very

stout and prominent; main-nerves 14 to 16 pairs, curving upwards to

join in a looped intramarginal nerve close to the margin; secondary

nerves few; reticulations irregular, obscure; petiole 1 in. long, base

enlarged, wrinkled. Flowers dicecious, in extra-axillary, sessile,

paniculate, trichotomous cymes, usually on old wood, 1 to 1:5 in.

long, supported by a cluster of sheathing scarious bracts; bracts of

panicle branches and bracteoles ovate-acute ; pedicels very short, stout,

somewhat angular. Calyx short, ‘05 in. long; teeth (in 9 flowers)

ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla nonein 9, g not seen. Ovary conical,

rugose; style 0; stigma 2-lobed, mitriform. Drupe ovate-oblong,

flattened, ‘7 in. long, ‘5 in. broad; exocarp thick, wrinkled when dry ;

endocarp thick, granular; cells 2. Seed 1, pendulous from the summit

of the thin central persistent septum; testa membranous; albumen

thick, fleshy; cotyledons ovoid, -15 in. long, radicle rather stout.

Perak: at low levels on the hills, King’s Collector 5541, 7649;

Hervey.

The absence of male flowers renders the identification of the genus of this plant

somewhat uncertain, but we consider it belongs rightly to Olea.

4, OLEA ARDISIOIDES, King & Gamble,n.sp. A small tree; branches

slender, terete, with yellowish bark; branchlets minutely pubescent.

Leaves coriaceous ; lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces; margins entire, recurved; 2 to 3 in. long,

*6 to ‘1 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ;

main-nerves 5 pairs, curving upwards to meet in a looped intramarginal

nerve, obscure; secondary nerves and reticulations very obscure ;

petiole slender, -1 to -2 in. long. Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary

272 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slender paniculate cymes, 1 to 2 in. long; rachis somewhat angular,

minutely pubescent; bracts leafy, lanceolate, -5 to 1 in. long ; bracteoles

similar or sometimes subulate-spathulate; pedicels slender, ‘1 in. long,

reflexed. Calyx-twbe very short; lobes 4, ovate-acute, 025 in. long,

ciliate. Corolla-tube ‘03 to 05 in. long; lobes 4, induplicate-valvate,

linear, ‘1 in. long. Stamens 2, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube,

‘05 in. long; filaments slender; anthers elliptic, cells dehiscing

laterally, connective mucronate. Ovary conical; style 0; stigma minute,

bifid; cells 2. Fruct not seen.

PERAK: on Gunong Bubu, 5,000 feet, Wray 3871. Panane : Barnes

10896.

We have hesitated whether to describe this species as Olea or Linociera, for the

corolla-tube is not very long, and the lobes are like those of the latter genus, but the

character of the leaves is distinctly that of Olea.

5. Myxopyrum, Blume.

Large scandent shrubs with quadrangular branches. Leaves oppo-

site, large, triplinerved, entire or denticulate. Flowers small, yellow,

very numerous, in axillary and terminal trichotomous panicles. Calyz-

tube short, lobes 4. Corolla fleshy ; tube urceolate; lobes 4, concave,

induplicate-valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted on the base of the

corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers rather large, ovate, cells

dehiscing laterally. Ovary 2-celled; style very short or 0, stigma

2-lobed; ovules 1 to 2 in each cell, attached near the base at the inner

angle. Fruit a 1-2-seeded sub-globose berry; pericarp crustaceous.

Seeds 1 to 4, erect, testa membranous, albumen thick; cotyledons

flat, ovate, radicle inferior.—Distris. India and Malaya, 3 species.

Myxopyrum NERVosuM, Blume Bijdr. 683 (1826). A large climbing

shrub; branches with fibrous pale brown bark ; branchlets prominently °

quadrangular. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or elliptic-

lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at base; glabrous on

both surfaces; margins entire or denticulate in the upper half, promi-

nently recurved ; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3°5 in. broad; midrib thick, pro-

minent beneath, impressed above; main-nerves 4 to 6 pairs, the lowest

pair opposite, very prominent, starting a little above the base and form-

ing an intramarginal nerve looped only after where it meets the rest at

about two-thirds of the way up, the next pair not opposite and only

starting from about half the length of the leaf; secondary nerves few,

reticulations irregular, prominent in dry specimens; petiole ‘3 to -5 in.

long, often twisted, channelled above, articulate at the base. Flowers

sessile, in terminal or axillary or extra-axillary, trichotomous, minutely

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 273

pubescent panicles, 1:5 to 3 in. long; rachis angular, swollen at the

nodes; bracts subulate, recurved, -1 in. long; bracteoles triangular,

minute. Calyx-tube very short; lobes 4, triangular, acuminate.

Corolla yellowish- or greenish- white, fleshy; tube urceolate, ‘05

to ‘1 in. long; lobes oblong, incurved, -05 in. long, induplicate-

valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted on the tube of the corolla; fila-

ments very short, broad; anthers ovate, rather large. Ovary ovoid;

style 0; stigma 2-lobed; cells 2, ovules 2 in each cell, erect from a

minute basal central placenta. Berry ovoid or globose, ‘5 to ‘7 in. in

diam., rough, surmounted by the persistent stigma, blueish-black when

ripe; cells 2. Seeds 2 to 4, erect on an enlarged placenta at the base

of the central dissepiment; albumen fleshy, testa membranous. Mus.

Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. 320, t. 51; A.DC. Prod. VIII. 290; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 549; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 618.

PENANG : Curtis 2849. Prax: Wray 2139, 2834, 4179; Scortechine

532, 598b; King’s Collector 3584, 4544, 7392, 8845. Manacca: Main-

gay (K.D.) 996/3—Disrrre. Sumatra (Forbes 1585, in the Lam-

pongs) ; Java.

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JOURNAL

OF THE

more PTC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part IJ.—Extra Number, 1905.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Srr Grorce

Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal

Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes GampBuz, C.1.E., F.R.S.,

late of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 18.

This part contains nine Natural Orders, viz., Nos. 79 Hydrophyllacee

to 85 Lentibulariacee inclusive, as well as Nos. 87 Bignoniacee and 88

Pedalineg. The whole part is the work of Lieut.-Col. D. Prain, I.M.S.,

F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, with the

exception of Boragine@, which has been done by Sir George King,

and Hydrophyllacee and Bignoniacee, which haye been done by

Mr. Gamble.

The nine Orders dealt with contain 53 genera and 150 species: of

the species none are here described for the first time.

Natural Order No. 86 Gesneracee will follow later on with the

three Orders, 75 Apocynacee, 76 Asclepiadacee, and 77 Loganiacee,

_ the preparation of which is not yet quite complete.

Order LXXIX. HYDROPHYLLACEZ.

Annual or perennial herbaceous plants. Leaves radical or alternate,

rarely opposite, entire or dentate, simple or pinnately or palmately

lobed. Flowers usually unilaterally sub-sessile on the branches of a

bifid or dichotomous scorpioid cyme, or else pedunculate in the axils

or on the summits of the branches; regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx

276 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

inferior, with 5 or occasionally many equal imbricate lobes. Corolla

gamopetalous, funnel-shaped cup-shaped campanulate or rotate ;

lobes 5, rarely many, imbricate or sometimes twisted. Stamens as

many as the corolla-lobes, alternate with them, usually fixed to the

base of the tube, exsert or included; filaments filiform, sometimes

dilated or appendiculate at base; anthers ovate, oblong or linear, dorsi-

fixed; cells 2, parallel, dehiscing introrsely with longitudinal clefts.

Ovary superior, sometimes unilocular, with 2 free or parietal placentas,

sometimes more or less completely 2-celled with fleshy placentas adnate

to the septum ; styles either 1 filiform bifid or undivided, or 2 distinct

from the base ; stigmas terminal, small or capitate; ovules 2 to many

in each cell. Capsule loculicidally, sometimes septicidally, bi-valved,

the placentas if parietal attached to the valves, if central remaining free.

Seeds usually oblong, globose or angular, 2 to many on each placenta ;

testa reticulate or wrinkled, rarely smooth; albumen fleshy, embryo

small, erect ; cotyledons plano-convex or semi-terete.—Distris. About

150 species, chiefly American, very few in the Old World.

Hyprouea, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, alternate. Flowers blue, in

short terminal cymes or racemes. Calyx divided nearly to the base,

segments lanceolate. Corolla widely campanulate, sub-rotate, lobes

imbricate. Stamens 5, attached to the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform,

sometimes dilated at base; anthers sagittate. Ovary completely

2-celled, with fleshy placentas adnate to the dissepiment; styles 2,

rarely 3, distinct, filiform; stigmas capitellate; ovules many in each

cell, multi-seriate. Capsule globose or ovoid, septicidal, usually 2-,

rarely 3- or 4-valved. Seeds minute, irregularly wrinkled.—Distrip.

About 14 species, chiefly American, with cone Chinese, one of tropical

Africa, and one of India and Malaya.

Hyprouga zEYLANICA, Vahl Symb. II. 46 (1791). An annual herb ;

stems nearly glabrous below, glandular pubescent above, soft, somewhat

succulent, often rooting, always straggling. Zeaves membranous ;

lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, attenuate above and below; °5 to 2 in.

long, ‘2 to ‘5 in. broad; glabrous or slightly pubescent; petiole none or

very short and winged by the decurrent blade. Flowers in racemes on

short lateral leafy branches. Calyx-lobes acute, glandular-pubescent,

3-nerved, about ‘3 in. long. Corolla-lobes ovate, *2 in. long, many-nerved,

blue. Stamens with sagittate, often twisted anthers, and filaments dilated

at base. Capsule shorter than the calyx-lobes, ovoid, 2-lobed; placentas

central, adherent at their backs to the dissepiment. Seeds very many,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 277

oblong, obtuse, testa very faintly wrinkled. Lamk Ill. t. 184; Wall.

Cat. 43898; W. & A. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. II. 193, t. 26; Wight

Til. t. 167, and Ic. t. 601; Choisy in DC. Prod. X. 180; Dalz. & Gibs.

Bomb. Fl. 170; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 633; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind, TV. 133; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 191. Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 197;

Prain Beng. Plants 711. HA. javanica, Blume Bijdr. 725. Nama

geylanica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 226; Roxb. Fl. Ind. Il. 73. ‘Tsjeru Vallel,”’

Rheede Hort. Mal. X. t. 28.

Perak: Wray 2571, 3336; Scortechim; Ridley 2906; King’s Col-

lector 391, 2577.—Distris. Throughout India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam,

Java, Malaya, China, the Philippines; also in Australia, tropical Africa

. and America, in wet places and rice-fields.

Order LXXX. BORAGINEA.

Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often conspicuously hispid or scabrous.

Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite, ex-stipulate, usually entire,

rarely in verticils. lowers usually in scorpioid dichotomous cymes,

sometimes trichotomously paniculate, rarely solitary and axillary,

bracteate or not, hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, 5-lobed (rarely 6- to

8-lobed), the lobes imbricate, rarely valvate, usually persistent in fruit.

Corolla gamopetalous, of various forms, often with scales in the throat ;

the limb 5-lobed (rarely 4- to 6-lobed), the lobes imbricate, rarely

twisted. Stamens as many as the lobes and alternate with them,

inserted on the tube; anthers ovate to linear, introrse; filaments

slender, often dilated at the base. Disk under the ovary or obsolete.

Ovary superior, sessile, cells 2 with 2 ovules in each, or 4 with 1 ovule

in each ;, style terminal or from the depression between the lobes of the

ovary, long or short; stigma entire and capitate or 2-lobed, the style

rarely twice bifid; ovules sub-erect from the basal angle of the cell.

Fruit drupaceous with a hard 2- to 4-celled endocarp or dividing into

2 or 4 nutlets with thin or fleshy walls. Seeds erect or oblique, with

membranous testa and fleshy albumen or ex-albuminous; embryo

curved or straight, radicle superior—Duistris. Universal. Species

about 1,500.

Styles twice partite; drupe 4-l-seeded; trees or shrubs; calyx

enlarging in fruit .. : oc os :

Styles simple or only bi-partite; rarely (Coldenia) 2 or more and

distinct ; drupe including two 2-seeded or four 1-seeded pyrenes;

calyx only slightly or not at all enlarged in fruit :-—

Styles depressed-conical at the apex or with a horizontal ring

below or at the stigmas :—

1. Corpra.

278 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Styles short, shortly 2-lobed; pyrenes two 2-seeded; herbs

or shrubs ae 2. ToURNEFORTIA.

Styles elongated, dilated ae he apex ; _ aynenes four 1- en

much resembling nutlets; herbs an 3. HELIOTROPIUM.

Styles elongated, not dilated or annular at the ine more or

less bi-partite :—

Styles 2-fid at the apex; pyrenes two 2-seeded, or four

1-seeded ; trees or shrubs .. A Sas .. 4, HHRETIA.

Styles more or less separate, distinct at base and apex,

united but easily separable in the middle; pyrenes four :

1-seeded, much resembling nutlets ; prostrate herbs .. 9. COLDENIA.

1. Corp1a, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, petiolate.

Flowers in dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches, or corymbose

or in clusters, ebracteate, polygamous, the ¢ fewer than the g. Calyx

tubular or campanulate, usually with short and often irregular teeth,

accrescent in fruit. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped or campanulate ;

the lobes of the limb 4 to 8, spreading or recurved, white or orange.

Stamens as many as the lobes; anthers sagittate or hastate, shortly

exserted; filaments often hairy near the base. Ovary 4-celled, gla-

brous; style terminal, long, bi-partite, the branches again bifid, linear

or sub-spathulate, cells of ovary l-ovuled. rwit ovoid or ellipsoid,

surrounded by the enlarged calyx; the putamen bony, with 1 to 4 cells,

but one only with a fertile seed. Seed exalbuminous, the cotyledons

large and fleshy or thin but always plicate.—Distris. About 280

species, all tropical.

Flowers about 1°5 in. long Br a 56 .. 1. C. subcordata.

Flowers less than ‘5 in. long :-—

Leaves broadly ovate, sub-acute or obtuse, the base often cordate 2. C. Myza.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate .. 3. C. Griffithit.

1. Corpia suBcorpData, Lamk Ill. 1899 (1792). A small tree ; young

branches as thick as a goose-quill, glabrous, pale brown when dry.

Leaves membranous ; broadly ovate or ovate-rotund, the apex acute, the

base broadly rounded or sub-cordate; both surfaces brown when dry,

the lower paler, harshly and minutely reticulate; main-nerves 4 or 5

pairs, faint on both surfaces when dry; length 3-5 to 6°5 in., breadth

2°5 to 4 in.; petiole 1:25 to 2 in. Corymbs lateral, few-flowered,

shorter than the leaves, glaberulous; pedicels -25 in. long. Calyx

cylindric, slightly widening towards the mouth, 4 in. long and nearly

‘2 in. wide at the middle, glabrous; the limb with 3 broad triangular

teeth. Corolla about 1:3 in. long, orange or reddish, funnel-shaped ;

lobes about 6, broad, spreading, as long as the tube. Stamens 6.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 279

Stigma with linear-spathulate branches. Frwit very bony, pyramidal,

its apex acute, with 4 bold angles, the spaces between the angles often

with large tubercles, 1 in. long and as much in breadth from angle to

angle, usually with 1 or more seeds; entirely enveloped in the much-

inflated glabrous accrescent apiculate calyx. Wall. Cat. 9063; DC.

Prod. IX. 477; Seem. Fl. Viti, t. 34; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 385;

Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 209 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 140;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 914. C. orientalis, BR. Br. Prod. 498. C. cam-

panulata, Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 336. C. Rumphii,

Blume Bijdr. 843. C. hexandra, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 799.

Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. t. 75.

PERAK: Scortechini 1084. Drinpines: Curtis 3447. Kepan: Ridley

0026. Panane: Ridley 2158.—Disrriz. British India, Malay Archi-

pelago, Australia, Sandwich Islands. Widely cultivated in other places.

2. Corpia Myxa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 190 (1753). A tree, 40 to 50 feet

high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, glabrous. Leaves thinly

coriaceous ; broadly ovate, apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base slightly

cordate ; upper surface when dry dark brown, glabrous, faintly reticu-

late ; the lower paler brown, distinctly and minutely reticulate, the

transverse veins very prominent, glabrous except for some pubescence

on the midrib and 5 or 6 pairs of curved ascending main-nerves ; length

3 to 3°75 in., breadth 2 to 2-75 in.; petioles -75 to 1:25 in. Cymes

trichotomous, shorter than the leaves, terminal. Male and female

flowers often in the same tree, mostly 5-merous. Calyx campanulate,

more than -25 in. long, glabrous, smooth outside, silky inside. Corolla

with its tube included in the calyx, the lobes projecting and -15 in.

long, reflexed; style in the ¢? flowers short, 4-cleft, absent in the

g. Frwit ellipsoid, with acute apex and rounded base, compressed,

with 3 or 4 angles (one or more of them indistinct), ‘75 in. long and

‘4 in. broad, 2- or more-seeded; the persistent accrescent calyx

leathery with strong vertical reticulations, widely campanulate, its

mouth with shallow irregular crenations, length -25 in., width -4 to

‘din. DC. Prod. IX. 479; Delile Fl. Agypt. t. 19, fig. 1; Roxb. FI.

_ Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., IJ. 232; Wall. Cat. 889; Wight Ill. t. 169;

Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 386; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 245, fig. A; Brandis

For. Fl. 336 (in part); Kurz For. Fl. Burm. IT. 208; Boiss. Fl. Or. IV.

124; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 915; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

136; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 193 ; Cooke Fl. Bomb. 11.199; Prain Beng.

Plants 714. C. Myza, var. b. minor only, Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 214.

C. indica, Lamk Dict. VII. 49; DC. Prod. IX. 500. C. officinalis and

C. africana, Lamk Ill. IL. 420, and t. 96, fig. 3. C. Sesbestena, Forsk.

Fl. Aeg.-Arab. LXIII. C. paniculata, Roth Nov. Spec. 124; DC. Prod.

280 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

IX. 482. Sebestena officinalis, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 364, t. 76. Hhretia

glabra, Roth Nov. Spec. 127; DC. Prod. TX. 510. Beurreria glabra,

G. Don Gen. Syst. 390. ,

Matacca and SInGaPorE : probably introduced.—Distris. Tropics

of the Old World. |

3. CoRDIA GRIFFITHII, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 139 (1883).

A small tree ; young branches about as thick as a crow-quill, puberulous,

pale and angled when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate-lanceolate,

acute or acuminate, the base slightly cuneate; both surfaces brown

when dry (the lower the paler), minutely reticulate, glabrous; main-

nerves 3 or 4 pairs, curved, ascending; length 1°5 to 3-5 in., breadth

1 to 1°75 in.; petioles -65 to 1:25 in. Cymes slender, 2°5 to 4 in. long

(including their peduncles), dichotomous, lax, few-flowered, puberu-

lous. Flowers -4 in. long, almost sessile. Calyx 25 in. long, funnel-

shaped ; the mouth wide, oblique, and with 5 irregular short teeth.

Corolla funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx; the limb longer

than the tube, deeply divided into 5 narrowly elliptic reflexed lobes.

Stamens 5, attached to the throat of the tube; anthers oblong, ex-

serted ; filaments unequal in length, flattened below. Ovary obovoid,

smooth, 4-celled, ovules solitary in each cell; style thin and cylindric

above, swollen in its lower half, exserted.

Mauacca : Griffith (K.D.) 5997 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1162; Radley 4561.

Sevancor: Lidley 7373. Kepau: King’s Collector 1742.

2. ToURNEFORTIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes almost herbs, and often sub-scandent.

Leaves alternate, entire. Cymes scorpioid, dichotomous, usually ter-

minal, rarely lateral or extra-axillary. lowers small, numerous,

crowded, sessile or on short pedicels, ebracteate. Calyx deeply 4- or

d-partite, the segments ovate or lanceolate. Corolla white or greenish;

the tube cylindric, naked in the throat; the lobes of the limb 5 or 4,

small, spreading. Stamens 5 or 4, included in the tube; anthers

oblong-ovate or lanceolate, apiculate or not; filaments short. Ovary

4-celled ; style terminal, short, 2-lobed (in the Indo-Malayan species) ;

ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the upper inner part of the cell.

Drupe small, ovoid, ‘slightly fleshy or leathery, indistinctly separating

into two 2-seeded or into four 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds straight or

curved, pendulous, albuminous; embryo straight or curved.—DistTRIB.

About 130 species, in the tropics of both hemispheres. |

TouRNEFORTIA Watuicui, DC. Prod. IX. 527 (1845). A climber, 10

to 30 feet long ; young branches terete, twice as thick as a crow’s-quill,

minutely rusty-puberulous, becoming glabrous. Leaves thickly mem-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 281

branous ; ovate, the apex acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded,

slightly oblique; both surfaces when dry brown, the upper quite

glabrous, the lower paler, reticulate, sometimes with a few small hairs

on the nerves; main-nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved, ascending, depressed

like the midrib on the upper surface, prominent on the lower; length

2 to 3°5 in., breadth :75 to 1-75 in.; petioles -3 to 4 in. Cymes ter-

minal and lateral (extra-axillary), on long peduncles, dichotomously

branched, sub-glabrous. Flowers -3 to 4 in. long, sessile, forming

crowded one-sided pseudo-spikes (scorpioid cymes) on the terminal

inch or two of the branches of the cymes. Calyx about -05 in. long,

only about a sixth or a seventh as long as the corolla, cleft nearly to the

base into 4 broadly triangular acute spreading segments. Corolla-tube

4-angled ; the limb short, with 4 ovate teeth, glabrous. Anthers 4,

oblong, sessile or nearly so, near the throat. Fruit broadly ovoid,

‘15 to -2 in. long, with 4 vertical grooves (2 of them deep) on the sides,

and a depression on the apex. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 147.

T. tetrandra, Wall. Cat. 911 (not of Blame). Tetrandra Wallichi, Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 928.

SINGAPORE: Maingay (K.D.) 1165, 8041; King’s Collector 302.

Perak: Wray 3536; Ridley 2431; King’s Collector 3335, 5158

Scortechint 1494.—Duistris. Java, Sumatra.

3. Hetiotrorium, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, very hairy or scabrous. Leaves alter-

nate. Flowers small, white, or pale purple, sometimes in terminal

dichotomous cymes with scorpioid branches and small or no bracts,

sometimes axillary in the axils of large bracts. Calyx divided into

5 linear or lanceolate segments. Corolla with a cylindric tube and limb

of various shapes, the lobes of the latter always imbricate or induplicate

in bud, spreading in flower. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the tube

by short filaments; anthers ovate-oblong or lanceolate. Ovary com-

pletely or imperfectly 4-celled, 4-ovulate; style short or long, terminal,

with a depressed conical or flat disk on its apex ; stigma above the disk,

none or short or elongate, entire or rarely bifid. Fruit dry, 2- to

4-srooved or -lobed, and consisting of 4 nutlets free from the beginning

or finally becoming so. Seeds straight or curved; albumen none, small

or large; cotyledons plano-convex.—Distris. Species about 225,

widely distributed in both hemispheres.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1-5 to 2°5 in. long.. sc .. 1. H. indicum.

Leaves linear, ‘5 to lin. long .. os os .. 2. H. strigosum-

1. HELiorropium inpicum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 130 (1753). Herbaceous,

282 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

but woody at the base, a foot or two in height, with few branches ;

the branches, lower parts of the inflorescence, and the petioles with

white stiff hairs. Leaves membranous, greenish-brown when dry ;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly inequilateral, the apex usually acute,

the base rounded, irregularly cordate, often unequally so; both surfaces

with some scattered long white hairs; the lower surface pale and

faintly reticulate when dry; main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs, rather straight,

ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface; length 1:5 to

2°5in., breadth -75 to 2 in.; petioles -4 to 15 in. Cymes scorpioid,

terminal and lateral (extra-axillary), about 2 in. long (lengthening with

age to 5 or 6 in.), on peduncles about 1 in. long; the rachises hispid,

compressed when dry. Flowers about ‘15 in. long, sessile, numerous.

Calyx about :05 in. long, deeply divided into 5 narrowly lanceolate

sub-erect hispid segments. Corolla tubular, slightly dilated at the base;

the limb with 5 broad blunt reflexed lobes; anthers 5, included,

inserted about the middle of the tube. Frwit -1 in. long, conical, with

an apical beak and with 4 bold vertical ridges and 4 faint ones, glabrous

naturally separating into 2 halves, each half consisting of 2 cohering

pyriform pyrenes with long beaks and a single large sub-quadrate

white seed. Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 454; Bot. Mag. t. 1837; Clarke in Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 152; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 200; Cooke Fl. Bomb.

Il. 207; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. anisophyllum, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et

Ben. II. 62, +t. 96. Traridiwm mdicum, Lehm. Asperifol. 14; Wall. Cat.

913; Wight Ill. t. 171. 7. antsophyllwm, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 364.

Heliophyllum wmdicum, DC. Prod. IX. 556; Fresen. in Mart. Fl. Brasil,

fasc. 22, 48, t. 10, fig. 4; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 925. 4. velutimwm, DC.

le. 557.

SmnGAPoRE: King’s Collector 318; Hullett 21. Panane: Ridley

1547. Penane: Deschamps. PERAK: Scortechint 163.—Distris. India,

Malaya, E. Asia, tropical Africa and America.

2. HELIOTROPIUM sTRIGOSUM, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 743 (1797). Herbace-

ous, woody at the base, erect, a foot high, the branches few, slender,

long, not spreading, very strigose, like all the rest of the plant. Leaves

linear, ‘5 to 1 in. long, very narrow, becoming smaller upwards.

Flowers under 1 in. long; their pedicels longer, sub-opposite to a linear

bract or often extra-axillary. Sepals ovate-acute, enlarging in fruit.

Corolla salver-shaped; stigma narrowly conical. rwt depressed,

4-lobed, under -1 in. broad, glabrous and shining, sometimes with a few

small hairs. DC. Prod. IX. 546; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

151; Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 143; Prain Beng. Plants 716. H. brevi-

folium, Wall. Cat. 914 ; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. II. 2;

DC. l.c. 546. H compactwm, Don Prod. 101.

— “-

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 283

In all the provinces, by waysides, not common.—Distris. From

W. Asia through India to Australia.

4. EurRetia, Linn.

Glabrous or scabrous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire or

dentate. Flowers small, usually white, in axillary or terminal corymbs

or panicles, rarely on 1-flowered axillary peduncles. Calyx small,

5-partite. Corolla with short cylindric tube; the limb with 5 obtuse

imbricate spreading lobes. Stamens 5, mserted on the tube, exserted,

rarely included, ovate or oblong. Ovary 2-celled, the cells bi-ovulate ;

sometimes imperfectly 4-celled and the cells with solitary ovules; style

terminal, cylindric, bifid or bi-partite; stigmas small, capitate or

clavate. Drwpe small, usually globose, 4-seeded or (by suppression)

1—3-seeded ; usually dividing into 2 bilocular or into 4 unilocular,

often compressed pyrenes. Seeds straight, with little albumen and thin

testa.—Distris. About 455 species, all tropical, chiefly in the Old

World.

Leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, with about 5 pairs

of main-neryes ee Se ee fe =. Lt. Br. levis.

Leaves obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse retuse or sub-acute, with

7 or S pairs of main-nerves Ss a oe .. 2. E. parallela.

1. EnRETIA La&vis, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 42, t. 55; var. timorensis,

Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 142 (1883). A small tree; young

branches rusty-puberulous, becoming ultimately glabrous, dark coloured

when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly

acuminate, the base slightly cuneate or sometimes rounded ; both sur-

faces glabrous, brown when dry, the lower paler and reticulate ; main-

nerves about 5 pairs, rather straight, ascending slightly, thin but

prominent on the lower surface like the midrib; length 2°5 to 5 in.,

breadth 1:25 to 2:25 in.; petioles about -4in. Cymes axillary and ter-

minal, shorter than the leaves, corymbose, puberulous ; the ultimate

branches scorpioid. Flowers small, numerous, sessile. Calyx less

_ than -1 in. long, its mouth with 5 oblong lobes. Corolla-twbe ‘1 in.

long; the lobes 5, shorter and spreading. <Amnthers exserted. Fruit

when 4-seeded about 2 in. in diam., smaller when 2-seeded, depressed-

globose, ribbed ; pyrenes 4 or 2, sometimes only 1, each with a single

seed ; the persistent calyx much shorter than the fruit, its lobes acumi-

nate. H. timorensis, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. IIT. 395;

DC. Prod. TX. 505. H. philippinensis, DC. 1.c. 504. H. levis, Benth.

Fl. Austral. IV. 389.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1164; Ridley 3302. Prrax: Scortechini

284 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

167, 898 ; King’s Collector 7436, 8344.—Distris. Burma, Griffith (K.D.)

6002, Malay Archipelago, Australia.

9. HHRETIA PARALLELA, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 143

(1883). A shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale when dry. Leaves membranous;

obovate or obovate-elliptic, obtuse, from retuse to sub-acute, cuneate at

the base; both surfaces dark brown when dry; main-nerves 7 or 8

pairs, scarcely curved, ascending, parallel, very bold and distinct on the

lower surface like the midrib (when dry), faint on the upper; length

15 to 1:75 in., breadth -75 to 1 in.; petiole -25 in. Inflorescence,

flowers, and fruit as in H#. levis, Roxb., var. timorensis, but smaller.

Penance: Curtis 1572.—Disrris. Burma, Griffith (K.D.) 6004.

5. Contpenta, Linn.

Much-branched, diffuse or prostrate scabrous herbs. Leaves alter-

nate, crisped. Flowers small, axillary, sessile or sub-sessile; the upper

sometimes in a short one-sided bracteate cyme. Calyx 4-5-partite.

Corolla with short funnel-shaped tube and 4 or 5 spreading segments

imbricate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the tube ; anthers ovate.

Ovary broadly ovoid, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, or imperfectly

4-celled with 1 in each ; styles 2, distinct at the base but united upwards

(although easily separable); stigmas 2, capitate. Frut almost dry,

composed of 4 sub-connate 1-seeded pyrenes ; seeds with thin testa and

little if any albumen; the cotyledons plane.—Drsrrip. Species 12,

10 of which are American, 1 African, and the undernoted which is

cosmopolitan.

CoLDENIA PROCUMBENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 125 (1753). A seabrous-hairy

prostrate herb. Leaves elliptic-obovate, coarsely and deeply serrate,

almost pinnatifid. Fruit, prior to disintegration into its component

pyrenes, pyramidal. Gaertn. Fruct. I. 329, t. 68; Lamk IIL. t. 69;

Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 448; Wall. Cat. 942; DC. Prod. IX. 558; Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. IT. 933; Clarke in Hook. fil) Hl. Br. Ind, DVsi44 ai imen iT:

Ceyl. III. 197; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 205; Prain Beng. Plants 718.

Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. IX. 21.

Waltheria microphylla, Miq. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 878 (not of Cav.).

By waysides, not common.—Distris. Hvyerywhere in the tropics.

Order LXXXI. CONVOLVULACEA.

[By D. Prain.]

Herbs or shrubs, usually twining, occasionally erect; very rarely

trees ; sometimes parasitic. Leaves alternate or in parasitic species.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 285,

obsolete; stipules 0. lowers in cymes, rarely solitary, regular,

hermaphrodite ; bracts at cyme-bases or under solitary flowers oppo-

site; bracteoles at base of pedicels small, scale-like. Sepals 5,

imbricate, occasionally slightly connate below, often persistent, some-

times accrescent. Corolla campanulate or infundibuliform, rarely

sub-rotate ; limb with 5 short or long lobes often plicate in bud, after

flowering either involute or reverting to the original sstivation.

Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube; anthers oblong, opening by longitu-

dinal introrse or lateral slits. Carpels usually 2, very rarely 3 or more ;

connate throughout in a superior ovary with its base often encircled

by an annular or lobed disk, and its cells as many or, by development.

of accessory partitions, twice as many as the component carpels, rarely,

from absorption of dissepiments, fewer than carpels ; ovules 2 in each

carpel, sessile erect anatropous; style solitary or rarely styles 2;

stigma capitate or 2-lobed or 2-fid. Fruit an indehiscent often dry

berry, or a 2—4-valved or circumscissile or irregularly opening capsule.

Seeds 4 to 2, rarely solitary, erect; albumen scanty or 0; cotyledons

generally plicate, rarely flat—Distrin. Species about 1,000, in all

regions, but more abundant in sub-tropical and tropical countries.

Corolla-tube usually uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the

5 bands or lobes rarely, except in Hrycibe, clearly defined from

the intervening spaces; pollen not spinulose :—

Yellow parasitic twining leafless herbs .. oe se) J: (Cuscura:

Green non-parasitic leafy herbs, shrubs or trees :-—

Fruit indehiscent, woody or fleshy, rather large; style short

or 0; stigma 5-10-rayed; corolla-lobes 2-fid, the lobules

induplicate, contorted ; woody, climbing shrubs or erect trees 2. ERycrpe.

Fruit dehiscent, or if indehiscent small, with thin fragile

walls :—

Flowers in racemes or panicles —

Bracts not enlarged in fruit; outer 3 or all of the sepals

enlarged in fruit; style entire or shortly 2-lobed ; ane

indehicent or rarely 2-valved ae 3. Porana.

Bracts in fruit much enlarged, scarious, Hanae to lee :

sepals not enlarged ; capsule 4-valved, 1-seeded .. 4, NEUROPELTIS.

Flowers in cymes or solitary; capsule valvate or opercular,

rarely dehiscing irregularly :—

Styles 2, free or partially united below; sepals not or

slightly enlarging in fruit :—

Capsule 4-valved, 2—1-locular, 4-2-seeded ; styles quite

free, each 2-branched ; cymes few-flowered .. 5. HvonvuLvs.

Capsule irregularly dehiscent, splitting into numerous

vertical segments; styles usually partially united below,

stigmas capitate; cymes sub-capitate ae .. 6. Bownamta.

Style entire, stigmas usually 2 :—

Ovary 1-locular; capsule 4-valved, 4-seeded ; stigmas

shortly oblong ; calyx-lobes not enlarged in fruit :—

286 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bract enveloping the calyx; pollen spherical .. 7. CALYSTEGIA.

Bract not enveloping the calyx ; pollen polyhedral .. 8. Hnwrrtta.

Ovary 2-locular, sometimes 4-locular :—

Outer 3 sepals much larger than the 2 inner, and

decurrent on the peduncle ; stigmas capitate -. 9. ANISEIA.

Outer 3 sepals not larger than the 2 inner, and not

decurrent on the peduncle :—

Stigmas elliptic ; capsule 8-valved, rarely 4-valved 10. JacqguEMonTrIA.

Stigmas globose :—

Capsule 4-valved; fruiting sepals not enlarged ;

bands of corolla usually with 5 purple lines;

stems not winged os . 11. Merremta.

Capsule with circumscissile jghisoaace - ending

sepals considerably enlarged ; bands of corolla

without lines; stems winged Se .. 12. OPERCULINA.

Corolla-tube not uniformly enlarged from base to apex, the

5 bands on the lobes clearly defined by 2 prominent lines; pollen

spinulose :—

Fruit dehiscent, or if indehiscent then with thin fragile walls :—

Stamens arising from the backs of 5 scales attached to

the corolla-tube; flowers small urceolate, fasciculate; fruit

4-valved ae 56 .. 13. LEpistEMon.

Stamens arising directly hoa the cor “ile tube :—

Corolla more or less campanulate; calyx-lobes never

aristate, inflorescence never scorpioid; stamens not ex-

serted oe . 14. Ipomoza.

Corolla more or less Hemmertentorr ; calyx- (one ase,

or if obtuse the inflorescence scorpioid ; stamens exserted :—

Flowers rather small, pink or red, slightly irregular .. 15. Quamocuit.

Flowers large white, regular ie ae .. 16. CaLonycTIon.

Fruit indehiscent, coriaceous or fleshy :—

Ovary 4-celled .. a ae me .. 17. ARGYRETA.

Ovary 2-celled .. a eh a .. 18. Lerrsomta.

1. Cuscuta, Linn.

Leafless twining yellow-reddish parasitic herbs. Flowers small,

white or rose-coloured, fascicled, sessile or shortly pedicelled ; bracts

small or 0. Sepals 5 or 4, sub-equal; free or shortly connate at the base.

Corolla ovoid or campanulate, usually with a ring of fimbriate or lobed

scales near the base or below the stamens; lobes short, imbricate.

Stamens 5 or 4, adnate near throat of corolla; filaments short, linear ;

anthers oblong, partially exserted. Ovary more or less completely

2-celled; ovules 4; styles 2 or 1; stigmas 2. rat a globose or ovoid,

dry or succulent, circumscissile or irregularly bursting 4-2-seeded

capsule. Seeds glabrous; albumen fleshy; embryo slender, spiral ;

cotyledons minute or obsolete.—Distris. Species about 80, in tempe-

rate and tropical regions.

Cuscuta Hycropuite#, H. H. W. Pears. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 2704.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 287

A small slender parasitic twiner. Flowers in dense umbellate cymes,

‘25 in. wide. Sepals ovate obtuse, connate below, ‘1 in. long. Corolla

‘15 in. wide, campanulate; lobes ovate obtuse. Stamens 5, shortly

exserted. Scales near base of corolla-tube shortly fimbriate. Ovary

obtuse, more or less perfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; styles 2; stigmas

capitate. Fruit an oblate capsule, -15 in. wide.

JOHORE: near the town, parasitic on Hygrophila quadrivalvis,

Fiidley 9161!

Closely related to C. chinensis, from which it differs in having the sepals without

keels, and of which the writer believes it to be a form.

2. ErycrBe, Roxb.

Shrubs, scandent or diffuse, less often erect; rarely trees. Leaves

alternate, elliptic, entire, coriaceous. lowers rather small; cymes in

axillary or terminal panicles or racemes; bracts lanceolate, small.

Sepals 5, small, sub-equal, orbicular, coriaceous, adpressed to base of

fruit. Corolla rather small, white or yellowish, sub-rotate ; tube hirsute

externally ; limb 5-lobed, the lobes obcordate, induplicate-contorted in

bud, with a thicker triangular centre externally hirsute, and sub-

membranous semicordate margins glabrous on both sides. Stamens

5, sub-included, adnate to throat of corolla; filaments short; anthers

ovate-lanceolate. Ovary globose, 1-celled; ovules 4; stigma large,

sessile, sub-globose or conic, d- or 10-ridged. Fruit a fleshy, leathery

or woody berry, ovoid or ellipsoid. Seed solitary, glabrous; albumen

scanty, intruded between folds of fleshy cotyledons.—Distris. Species

about 30; throughout S.H. Asia.

Leaves more or less pubescent beneath :—

Pubescence on under surfaces of leaves persistent :—

Branches angular; bark fissured; pubescence on under side

of leaves black, closely adpressed; leaves with acuminate

tips, the lateral nerves in 5 pairs, obliquely ascending,

hardly visible above “9 . IL. E. strigosa.

Branches cylindric; bark not seutel: suiieseenes on sie:

surface of leaves not adpressed, brown or tawny; leaves

obtuse, the lateral nerves in 12 to 15 pairs, spreading not very

oblique; fruit velvety .. . 2. E. magnifica.

Pubescence on under surface of lentes usually Teens.

except from the midrib, as the leaves become old; branches

with fissured bark :— :

Flowers in pyramidal terminal panicles, the panicle branches

subtended by foliaceous bracts my - . 3. #. expansa.

Flowers in axillary cymes, or if passing arg a onal

panicle the panicle branches not subtended by foliaceous

bracts :-—

288 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers often passing into a terminal panicle; corolla

greenish ; fruit ellipsoid, black, -6 in. long, -35 in. wide.. 4. EH. Princei.

Flowers all axillary; corolla white ; fruit ellipsoid, purple,

with a faint apical areola, -75 in. long, ‘5 in. wide .. 9. E. malaccensis.

Leaves quite glabrous on both surfaces :—

Flowers in both terminal and axillary panicles; leaves with

lateral nerves distinct, but secondary venation indistinct .. 6. EH. angulata.

Flowers always axillary :—

Leaves small, never exceeding 1:75 in. long, sub-bifarious ;

flowers solitary, axillary.. 7. EL. leucoxyloides.

Leaves medium to large, very “nari and never all, ieee

than 2 in. long, arranged spirally ; flowers never solitary :—

Lateral nerves of leaves distinct and secondary reticulate

venation distinct on both surfaces, or at least beneath :—

Lateral nerves of leaves 7 to 9 pairs 6 .. 8. H. festiva.

Lateral nerves of leaves 6 or fewer pairs :—

Fruit quite glabrous a0 58 .. 9. E. sapotacea.

Fruit finely velvety : . 10. # Stapfiana.

Lateral nerves of leaves indistinct, secondnay neeation me

visible :—

Corolla rufous-pubescent internally as well as ex-

ternally .. she ae .. ll. EH. precipua.

Corolla glabrous salyonnellleys —

Flowers densely glomerate in leaf axils; leaves pale

waxy greenish-yellow beneath ae .. 12. H. glomerata,

Flowers in short but open axillary cymes :—

Leaves thickly coriaceous ; fruit verrucose but not

scurfy externally a6 .. 18. E. aenea.

Leaves sub-coriaceous; fruit scurfy but not verru-

cose externally . Be ap .. 14. E. Grifithii.

1. EryciBe stricosa, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXV. 2. 536.

A climber 40 to 60 feet long, with stems 1 to 2 in. in diam.; branches

slightly angled with fissured bark, and except along the fissures densely

clothed with black adpressed tomentum ; branchlets angular with black

adpressed tomentum. Leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate,

apex rather long acuminate, with tip obtuse; 3 to 4 in. long, 1°5 to

1'75 in. wide; thinly coriaceous; dark green, quite glabrous above,

brownish-black and densely covered with black adpressed tomentum

beneath ; lateral nerves 5 pairs, oblique, distinct beneath not visible above,

secondary venation indistinct beneath not visible above; petiole

‘75 to 1 in. long, with close adpressed black tomentum. lowers in

few-flowered cymes, ‘25 in. across, disposed in narrow axillary panicles

3 to 6 in. long, ‘5 in. wide ; main-rachis angular, densely rusty-pubescent,

the peduncles of individual cymes ‘25 in. long or less, densely rusty-

pubescent, as are the linear deciduous bracteoles -16 in. long, and the

very short pedicels. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla white,

“3 in. across (but not quite fully opened), the lobes spreading, glabrous

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 289

within ; interlobular spaces brown tomentose externally; lobules ovate,

their margins sub-entire. Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737.

Perak: Thaipeng, 500 to 800 feet elevation ; King’s Collector 8461!

2. ERyYcIBE MAGNIFICA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXXIII.

2.18. A strong creeper 80 to 100 feet long, stem 2 to 3 in. in diam. ;

old branches -75 in. in diam. still densely tomentose, quite cylindric, with

large pith; branchlets -3 in. in diam., densely velvety with a tawny

to rusty matted tomentum. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate, with

a narrowly truncate or rounded base, and an obtuse or sometimes

retuse apex, the margin strongly revolute; 8 to 10 in. long, 3°5 to 4 in.

wide ; coriaceous ; upper surface quite glabrous, dark green and shining

with sometimes a silvery, sometimes a rich coppery sheen; under

surface velvety, pale brownish-green, the tomentum longer, looser, and

sometimes whitish on the main-nerves; lateral nerves rather straight,

spreading, 12 to 15 pairs, rather distinctly looped along the margin,

prominent beneath, deeply impressed above, as is the secondary

reticulate venation; petiole -35 in. long, densely rusty-velvety.

Flowers in short axillary racemes, sometimes clustered, of close-set

2—3-flowered individual cymules; the racemes 1 to 2in. long ; peduncles,

short pedicels and small ovate bracts and bracteoles densely rusty-

velvety. Sepals orbicular, densely velvety outside, quite glabrous

within, coriaceous, in fruit -2 in. across. Corolla ‘5 in. across; lobes

slightly spreading, glabrous within, and waxy white or yellow, narrow

and deeply divided ; interlobular spaces densely dark brown, almost

black velvety-pubescent externally ; lobules very small oblong. Frwit

ellipsoid, 1:25 in. long, 1 in. in diam., densely softly velvety, of a rich

brown colour.

PERAK: King’s Collector 3454! 3879! 6721!

In the first of his three gatherings Kunstler has noted this as a tree 50 to 70 feet

high, but in the two subsequent ones as a large creeper, which is, from the appearance

of the specimens, undoubtedly the case with the first gathering also.

3. ERYCIBE EXPANSA, Wall. Cat. 1331. A large climber, branches

_ angled, with fissured bark, glabrous ; branchlets angular, densely rusty-

tomentose. Leaves elliptic or slightly obovate, apex abruptly shortly

acuminate toa sharp tip, base rounded or sub-cordate ; 2 to 2-5 in. long,

1 to 1:5 in. wide; chartaceous; dark green, quite glabrous above, paler

and rusty-pubescent, especially on the nerves, beneath, the pubescence

ultimately disappearing except from the nerves in old leaves; lateral

nerves 2 to 3 pairs, very oblique, ascending; secondary reticulate venation

fairly visible above only; petioles -15 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent.

Flowers in rather condensed 5-9-flowered cymes disposed in pyra-

290 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

midal terminal panicles 3 to 15 in. long, 1°5 to 6 in. wide, the main

rachis and branches densely rusty-tomentose, the panicle branches

‘75 to 2°5 in. long, subtended by large foliaceous bracts -4 to 1 in. long,

exactly like the foliage leaves but smaller; peduncles of individual

cymes rusty-tomentose, -25 in. long; pedicels bracteolate, -1 in. long

or less, rusty-tomentose. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla

white, or white tinged with pink, -45 in. wide ; lobes spreading, glabrous

within ; interlobular spaces densely rusty-pubescent externally ; lobules

ovate acute, their margins sub-entire. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 392;

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 181; Prain Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. LXIII. 2. 84; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737. H. ferru-

gunosa, Griff. Notul. IV. 283. H. paniculata, 3. expansa, Choisy Ann.

Se, Nat. 2.1. 2225) DC. Prod. 1X) 464. (42 corraceay kurz Hor,

Flor. Burm. II. 213 partly (not of Wall.). .

Kepau: Lankawi, Curtis 2128 !—Distris. Tenasserim.

4. Erycrpe Princer, Wall. Cat. 1335. A large straggling bush

with spreading branches, or a stout climber; branches glabrous, the

bark more or less fissured but quite cylindric; branchlets densely rusty-

tomentose, cylindric. Leaves obovate-oblong or rarely obovate-lanceo-

late, narrowed slightly to the narrowly truncate or sometimes rounded

base, more abruptly to the shortly acuminate or acute apex, with an

obtuse or occasionally acute tip; 2°56 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in.

wide; coriaceous, shrinking somewhat irregularly when dry; glabrous

rather pale green above, beneath at first rusty pubescent with a loose

tomentum, which soon disappears except from the midrib; lateral

nerves 5 to 7 pairs, very oblique and not very prominent on either

surface, with a distinct sub-marginal looping vein; secondary reticulate

venation distinct but not prominent on either surface; petiole -2 to

‘25 in. long, rusty-pubescent. lowers in axillary cymes in the upper-

most leaf axils, 5-9-flowered, °75 in. wide, the ultimate 3 to 7 passing

into a terminal panicle without leaves 1:5 to 3 in. long, rarely longer ;

peduncles ‘15 to -25 in. long, rusty-pubescent ; pedicels very short and

lanceolate bracteoles, -2 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Sepals orbicular,

coriaceous, rusty-pubescent. Corolla greenish, sweet-scented, -4 in.

across; lobes slightly spreading; interlobular spaces shining golden

silky externally ; lobules ovate, margins finely undulate. Hrwzt ellipsoid,

black, smooth, °6 in. long, *35 in. in diam. Choisy in Ann. Se. Nat. 2.

T. 224; DC. Prod. IX. 464; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 152;

Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 85; Hallier f. Bull. Herb,

Boiss. V. 737 (excluding the Assam and Khasia localities), 1052.

E. camptobotrya, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 578.

Matacca: Griffith 5883 (K.D.)! Maimgay 1155 (K.D.)! Sine@a-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 291

PORE: in hedges, frequent, Kurz 2968! Hullett 628! 642!—Disrrrp.

Bangka, Sumatra, Borneo.

5. ERYCIBE MALACCENSIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 182.

A stout spreading shrub with straggling branches, or a climber extend-

ing to 100 feet in length; branches glabrous, with fisstred bark, but

cylindric; branchlets stellately puberulous, rather distinctly angled.

Leaves elliptic, oblong or obovate-oblong, narrowed from the middle or

beyond to the cuneate or narrowly truncate base and more abruptly to

the shortly acuminate apex with obtuse tip; 3 to 3-5 in. long, 1:25 to

1°5 in. wide; thickly chartaceous ; dark green, shining, quite glabrous |

above; paler glaucescent beneath and at first pubescent with a

deciduous tomentum which soon disappears except from the rusty

midrib; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs, usually very oblique, rather distinct

on both surfaces as is the secondary reticulate venation; petiole -25 in.

long, rusty-tomentose. Flowers in axillary 5-9-flowered cymes, ‘d in.

wide ; peduncles -2 to 1°5 in. long, rusty-tomentose ; bracteoles elliptic,

fulvous-tomentose, small; pedicels ‘15 in. long, rusty. Sepals orbicular,

fulvous-tomentose. Corolla glabrous within, white, -35 in. across;

lobes slightly spreading; interlobular spaces fulvous-tomentose exter-

nally ; lobules ovate, margins slightly undulate. Frwit ellipsoid, purple,

‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. in diam. with a faint apical areola, glabrous. Prain

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 85; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 738.

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 3093! 3180! 3575! Scortechim

2196! Kota, Wray 2412! Prnane: Maingay 1154! Manacca:

Bukit Labukor, Aidley 3526! Batu Tiga, Derry 1042!—Drsrr1s.

Tenasserim.

6. EryciBpE ANGULATA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXITI. 2. 84.

A robust scandent shrub or a strong climber; stems sometimes over

100 feet long and 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; branches terete, glabrous; ultimate

branchlets angular, rusty-pubescent. Leaves obovate, base cuneate or

rounded, apex shortly acuminate or rounded or sometimes deeply

emarginate (normally shortly acuminate); 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in.

wide ; coriaceous, quite glabrous; lateral nerves 5 to 8 pairs, visible

above, distinctly raised beneath ; secondary venation indistinct ; petioles

-5 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Flowers in few-flowered cymes disposed

in axillary and terminal panicles with angular rachis clothed with dark-

red tomentum ; axillary inflorescences 1 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. wide,

terminal 7 to 10 in. long, with sometimes floral leaves intermixed ;

pedicels bracteolate, -25 to-5 in. long. Sepals orbicular, outer stellately

rusty-tomentose, inner ciliate. Corolla white, ‘5 in. wide; lobes

spreading ; interlobular spaces hirsute externally; lobules glabrous,

ovate-oblong, with slightly undulate margins. MHallier f. Bull. Herb.

292 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Boiss. V. 739. EH. paniculata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 248 (not of

Roxb.).

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 7379! Dijong, Scortechina 1816 !—

Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann 3682).

When originally describing this species the writer referred to it a Java specimen

collected by Kurz; Dr. Hallier, however, whose knowledge of Convolvulacee is so

profound, has shown that this Java specimen, which is not a very good one, belongs

in reality to a distinct species—Z. macrophylla, Hallier f.

7. ERYCIBE LEUCOXxYLOIDES, King MSS. ex Ridl. in Herb. Singap. ;

Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LX XIII. 2.16. A very large climber with

slender cylindric branches, bark fissured and covered with a close grey

pubescence; branchlets numerous, very slender, rather distinctly angled,

grey- or rusty-pubescent. Leaves sub-bifarious, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

base rounded, apex sub-acuminate or abruptly narrowed to an obtuse

tip; 1 to 1:75 in. long, ‘4 to ‘6 in. wide; membranous or thinly char-

taceous; quite glabrous on both surfaces; rather dark green above,

paler beneath; secondary nerves about 3 pairs, very oblique and hardly

visible above except in young leaves, not visible beneath even when

dry and even when young; petiole ‘1 in. long, grey-pubescent. lowers

axillary, solitary ; pedicels -2 in. long, somewhat recurved in fruit, grey-

pubescent, bracteolate under the calyx. Sepals orbicular, sparsely

pubescent on the centre externally, elsewhere glabrous except the

ciliate margins. Corolla white, sweet-scented, ‘5 in. across; interlobular

spaces brown-tomentose externally; lobules broad, semi-orbicular,

entire. Frwit elliptic, black, smooth, glabrous, ‘6 in. long, -4 in. wide.

Sincapore: climbing in secondary jungle, Hallier! Ridley 2051,

6897! 10927! Senancor: Kwala Lumpar, Curtis 2402! JoHoRE:

Fidley !

8. ERYCIBE FESTIVA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 87.

A climber, 60 to 70 feet long (Kwnstler), or a small tree (Hullett) ;

branches grooved but cylindric; ultimate branchlets slightly angular,

sparingly pubescent. eaves elliptic or oblong, base cuneate, apex

usually rather long acuminate with an obtuse tip; 3 to 6 in. long, 1°5

to 2°5 in. wide; glabrous; thinly coriaceous; lateral nerves 7 to 9

pairs, distinct on both surfaces, especially beneath, secondary venation

distinct beneath ; petiole glabrous, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Flowers in short

axillary 7-12-flowered cymes ‘5 to ‘75 in. across; peduncles °3 to ‘5 in.

long, rusty-pubescent ; pedicels rusty-pubescent, bracteolate, -12 in.

‘long. Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent. Corolla pale greenish-white

within, *75in. across, lobes broad; interlobular spaces brown-tomentose

externally ; lobules ovate, margins erose, usually rather deeply, through-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 293

out. Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXV. 2. 536; Hallier f. Bull. Herb

Boiss. V. 739.

PERAK: in open forest in rocky localities, at 500 to 800 feet elevation,

King’s Collector 6445! Sincarore: garden jungle, Ridley 6043!

Hullett !

9. ERycIBE SAPOTACEA, Hallier f. & Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXXIII. 2. 16. A tree (?); branches slightly angled, with fissured

bark, quite glabrous. Leaves elliptic, base cuneate, apex abruptly

shortly acuminate with tip obtuse; 5 in. long, 2 to 2°25 in. wide;

firmly coriaceous ; quite glabrous on both sides ; bright green and glossy

above, pale beneath; lateral nerves 6 pairs, distinct above and rather

prominent beneath, secondary reticulate venation very distinct on both

surfaces ; petiole -5 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in few-flowered con-

gested, axillary subsessile cymes. Sepals and Corolla not seen. Fruit

ovoid, quite glabrous, the epicarp very coriaceous, almost woody,

wrinkled and fissured, with a rounded base and conical pointed apex,

2 in. long, 1 in. in diam.; fruiting pedicels ‘3 in. long, with epidermis

fissured like that on the branches.

Penance: Government Hill, Curtis 772!

A very distinct and striking species, the flowers of which are as yet unknown. In

shape the fruit is most like that of H. Grifithii, but besides being about twice the size

it has none of the scurfy covering of the fruit of that species. The leaves of the two

are very different.

10. Erycrpe Srapriana, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXITI. 2. 87.

A shrubby or slender climber, sometimes 80 to 100 feet long; much

branched ; branches and glabrous branchlets cylindric. Leaves usually

oblong or elliptic, rarely narrowly lanceolate, narrowed to a cuneate or

narrowly truncate base, apex shortly acuminate with a blunt tip; 4 to

7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; coriaceous; glabrous; dark green and glossy

above, paler beneath ; lateral nerves 4 to 6 pairs, ascending obliquely,

the lowest pairs extending more than half-way along the margin, the

secondary veins reticulately raised beneath, visible but not conspicuous

above ; petiole -25 in. long, glabrous. lowers in clustered axillary

cymes °d to 2 in. long, in fascicles of 4 to 9 from a woody protuberance,

each 5—20-flowered ; peduncles densely dark-brown-tomentose, as are

the bracteolate pedicels, -1 to -15 in. long. Sepals orbicular, densely

brown-tomentose. Corolla waxy-white within, -5 in. across; lobes

narrow ; interlobular spaces very dark-brown-tomentose (nearly black—

Kunstler) externally ; lobules narrow, divergent, slightly crenulate along

the obliquely truncate apex. Fruit ovoid, °6 to ‘8 in. long, ‘5 in. in

diam., densely clothed with a fine dark-brown velvety tomentum.

Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 738.

294 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

PERAK: at various elevations from 300 to 4,000 feet, King’s Collector

4015! 4115! 7784! Wray 3371! Scortechint 1793 !—Distrrs.

Tenasserim (Parish).

11. ErycisE pracipua, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 86.

A large climbing shrub; branches and ultimate branchlets cylindric,

glabrous. Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowed to the cuneate

base and more abruptly to the obtuse tip; thickly coriaceous; quite

glabrous; 1:5 to 4 in. long, -75 to 2 in. wide; nerves about 5 pairs,

curved and ascending, but all very obscure even when dry ; petioles

‘*3 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in small, axillary, laxly 5-8-flowered

cymes ‘dO in. across; peduncles and bracteolate pedicels closely rusty-

pubescent, pedicels -12 in. long. Sepals orbicular, the outer minutely,

the inner densely closely rusty-pubescent. Corolla whitish, -5 in. wide,

the lobes very narrow, spreading; interlobular spaces rufous-pubescent

internally as well as externally; lobules small glabrous, narrowly

oblong, sub-acute, divergent. rwit ovoid, slightly rough but not

verrucose, ‘7 to ‘75 in. long, ‘5 to ‘6 in. wide, pointed or rounded.

PENANG: Government Hill, Curtis 911! 1273! Perak: Larut,.

Scortechim !

Father Scortechini’s specimens from Perak have the fruit slightly smaller, not at.

all pointed, and not so distinctly roughened as the Penang specimens, but in all other

respects the two plants agree.

12. ErycIBE GLOMERATA, Bl. Bijdr. 1047. A shrub or a small tree,

10 to 20 feet high, erect, much spreading; branches and sparingly

pubescent ultimate branchlets cylindric. Leaves elliptic or narrow-

oblong, shortly or gradually narrowed to the cuneate base and to the

obtuse tip ; 7 to 12 in. long, 1°75 to 5 in. wide ; coriaceous; quite glabrous ;

dark green above, waxy-pale greenish-yellow (Kunstler) beneath ;

lateral nerves 8 to 9 pairs, visible but not raised on either surface or

only faintly raised beneath; petiole -15 to 35 in. long. Flowers in

axillary very short and closely glomerate 5-8-flowered cymes; peduncles

05 in. long; individual flowers nearly sessile with 3 rusty-pubescent.

bracteoles at the base of the calyx. Sepals almost glabrous, pale waxy-

green (Kunstler), orbicular, margins ciliate. Corolla pure white within,

1:25 in. across; lobes narrow; interlobular spaces rufous externally :

lobules oblong, obtuse, slightly crenulate at the apex. MHallier f. Bull.

Herb. Boiss. V. 382, 739. H. albida, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXIII. 2. 87.

Var. typica ; leaves elliptic, 3:5 to 5 in. wide.

Perak: on Gunong Bubu, 2,500 to 3,000 feet, King’s Collector

7373! Larut, Scortechim ! Punaan: Curtis 2947!—Disrris. Java.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 295

Var. longifolia, Bl. Bijdr. 1047; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtusely

acuminate, 1°75 to 2°25 in. wide. H. angustifolia, Hallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVI. 524.

Perak: Waterfall Hill, Wray 2580! Maunacca: Bujong, Scortechini

1908!—Distris. Java, Borneo.

13. ERYCIBE AENEA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2.85. A

very large climber; stems 70 to 150 feet long, 3 to 4 in. in diam.;

branches and densely rusty-tomentose branchlets cylindric. Leaves

narrowly oblong or elliptic, base cuneate, apex gradually or oftener

abruptly narrowed to an obtuse tip; thickly coriaceous; quite glabrous ;

2°5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; lateral nerves 5 to 6 pairs with a

distinct sub-marginal connecting nerve, impressed on both surfaces but

especially beneath; petiole -25 in. or less. Flowers in axillary 3—20-

flowered cymes 25 to 1:2 in. long; peduncles and bracteolate pedicels

minutely closely rusty-tomentose; pedicels 12 in. long. Sepals orbi-

cular, closely brown-tomentose. Corolla pale yellow, ‘5 in. across, the

lobes spreading; interlobular spaces pale brown-tomentose externally ;

lobules ovate-oblong, their margins undulate. Frit elliptic, verrucose,

grey, 9 in. long, ‘5 to ‘6 in. wide. Hallier f. Bull. Hort. Boiss. V. 739.

Perak: Larut, at elevations of from 300 to 2,500 feet, King’s

Collector 7337! 8165!

14. Erycipe Grirrituu, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 182.

A climber 60 to 80 feet long; stem 4 to 6 in. in diam.; branches

cylindric, glabrous; branchlets cylindric, sparingly rusty-pubescent.

Leaves elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, base cuneate

or rarely rounded, apex usually abruptly acuminate, less often gradually

narrowed to the obtuse tip; 2°75 to 6 in. long, -75 to 2°5 in. wide;

quite glabrous on both surfaces, sub-coriaceous; lateral nerves 6 to 8

pairs, very oblique, visible but not prominent above, prominent beneath ;

secondary venation very indistinct; petiole ‘25 to ‘3 in. long, glabrous.

Flowers in short axillary solitary or clustered 4—9-flowered cymes ‘3 in.

across; peduncles rusty-pubescent, ‘2 to -3 in. long; pedicels -25 in.

long, rusty-pubescent as are the very minute ovate-lanceolate bracteoles.

Sepals orbicular, rusty-pubescent externally. Corolla waxy cream-

coloured and glabrous within, ‘5 in. across, the lobes spreading, narrow

and stellate ; interlobular spaces rusty-brown externally ; lobules narrow

acute, their margins sub-entire. Fruit coriaceous, greyish-brown and

closely scurfy externally, 1 to 1°5 in. long, ‘5 to °75 in. wide. Prain

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 85; Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895.

126; Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 738, 1052. H. Maingayi, Clarke in Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 182; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 737. £.

micrantha, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 524.

296 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

PERAK: Larut, 200 to 800 feet elevation, King’s Collector 8191 !

Scortechint ! Matacca: Maingay. Prnane: Gaudichaud 120; Curis.

181! King’s Collector 1458!—Distriz. Tenasserim, Sumaira,

Philippines.

3. PorANA, Burm.

Large climbers. Leaves petioled, ovate or cordate, entire. Flowers

small; cymes often in large panicles; bracts persistent; bracteoles.

subulate or 0. Sepals 5, small and narrow in flower; in fruit the outer

3 or all 5 much accrescent, membranous and spreading, usually spathu-

late. Corolla white, campanulate or infundibuliform with a wide or

narrow throat; limb spreading plicate, sub-entire or 5-lobed. Stamens

5, adnate to corolla-tube, sub-included; filaments linear or filiform.

Ovary 2-celled or 1-celled ; ovules 4 or 2; style long or short, entire or

2-fid; stigma solitary 2-lobed, or stigmas 2, capitate. Fruit globose

oblong or obconic, 1-seeded, membranous, indehiscent or opening by

Avalves. Seed glabrous ; cotyledons plicate.—DistRis. Species about

10, throughout §.EH. Asia.

PorRANA VoLUBILIS, Burm. Fl. Ind. 51. t. 21. f. 1. A large

climber ; stems and warted branches glabrous, young shoots pubescent.

Leaves glabrous, ovate sub-cordate, or sometimes base rounded, apex

shortly acuminate, quite glabrous, 2°5 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; petiole

‘6 in. long. Flowers white, small, in sub-ebracteate cymes disposed in

panicles 12 to 15 in. long, minutely tawny-pubescent ; pedicels -1 to.

‘25 in. long. Sepals 5, minutely pubescent, in flower -2 in. long, oblong ;.

in fruit 35 in. long, sub-spathulate, all equal. Corolla -3 in. long; tube

narrow ; limb rather distinctly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included. . Ovary

2-celled; ovules 4; style 2-partite; stigmas small, capitate. Fruit a

globose capsule, enclosed in the accrescent 5—7-nerved calyx-lobes,

15 in. in diam. Seed solitary. Lamk Ill. t. 186; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. IT. 40; ed. orig. I. 465; Blume Bijdr. 723; Wall. Cat.

1327; Choisy Convolv. Or. 106, and in DC. Prod. IX. 4386; Clarke in

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 222.

Mauacca: Griffith! King !/—Distr1s. Indo-China, Malay Archi-

pelago.

King’s examples are from a cultivated plant; whether those of Griffith be from.

wild plants is unknown.

4, NeuroPettis, Wall.

- Large scandent, tomentose shrubs. Leaves ovate or oblong, firm,

petioled. Flowers many, small, in axillary racemes or terminal

panicles; pedicels distinct, beset by solitary ovate-lanceolate bracteoles

under the calyx, in flower inconspicuous, in fruit greatly accrescent.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 297

Sepals 5, sub-orbicular, hardly altered in fruit. Corolla small, white ;

tube wide-campanulate; limb deeply 5d-lobed, the lobes induplicate-

valvyate in bud. Stamens 5, exserted or included, adnate to corolla-

tube; filaments filiform. Ovary imperfectly or perfectly 2-celled ;

ovules 4; styles 2, free throughout, stigmas sub-capitate wavy or

obscurely lobed. Fruit a globose, 4-valved, 1-seeded capsule sessile

near the centre of the flat, much-accrescent bracteole. Seed globose,

glabrous, albuminous; cotyledons plicate——Distris. Species 2, in

tropics of Hastern Hemisphere.

NEUROPELTIS RACEMOSA, Wall. Cat. 1322. A robust climber;

branchlets pubescent, lenticellate, rather dark. Leaves alternate,

elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate with a narrow

longish thickened mucro; lamina 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 2:25 in.

wide ; firmly papery ; glabrous except along the midrib above, slightly

rusty with a sub-persistent pubescence beneath; lateral nerves about

7-paired, somewhat curved forward, rather prominent and pubescent

beneath. lowers in axillary racemes 2 to 5 in. long, peduncle -d to

in. and rachis rusty-tomentose; bracts small ovate; pedicels -12

to -2 in. long, tomentose, slender, with an ovate-lanceolate bracteole

under the calyx. Sepals 5, somewhat connate below, small, orbicular,

rufous-villous. Corolla small, campanulate, white, tube rufous-villous

externally ; limb -25 to -3 in. across, 5-lobed, lobes ovate nearly as long

as the tube. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, exserted; filaments

thickened at base. Ovary imperfectly or perfectly 2-celled, rufous-

villous at base; ovules 2 in each cell; styles 2, glabrous; stigmas

large globose wavy. Capsule :25 in. long, ovoid, glabrescent, sessile

in the centre of the accrescent, orbicular, scarious, reticulate bract

1 to 1°75 in. wide with rounded or cordate base. Seed globose,

glabrous, albuminous ; cotyledons plicate. Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey

& Wall. II. 44; Deless. Ic. Select. V. t. 96; Choisy Convolv. Or. 109,

i. 2. £. 12, and in DC. Prod. IX. 437; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 291 ; Kurz

For. Flor. Burm. II. 222; Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 225.

N. ovata, Wall. Cat, 1323; Choisy Convoly. Or. 110, t. 2, f. 13, and in

DC. Prod. IX. 487. N. bracteata, Griff. Notul. LV. 285. N. intermedia,

Griff. Notul. IV. 285.

PrerRAK: Larut, Scortechint 1483! 1489! 2071! King’s Collector

3944! 3792! 4370! 6809! Prnane: Wallich! Matacca: Maingay

1152! 1153! Srinearore: Wallich !—Distris. Malabar, Borneo.

5, Evontvuwus, Linn.

Small prostrate or erect herbs or undershrubs, never climbing.

Leaves small, entire, often distichous. Flowers small, blueish or white,

298 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

in axillary few-flowered peduncled or sub-sessile cymes. Sepals 5,

small, sub-equal, not enlarged in fruit. Corolla small, funnel-shaped or

sub-rotate ; limb plicate, sub-entire. Stamens 5, included or exserted ;

filaments filiform. Ovary 2-celled or, rarely, 1-celled; ovules 4;

styles 2, free from the base, each cleft into 2 linear or sub-clavate

stigmas, papillose on the inner face. Frwt a 4-valved, less often a

2-valved capsule, 2-celled or 1-celled. Seeds 4 or 2, rarely solitary,

glabrous; cotyledons twice plicate.—DistriB. Species about 80,

mostly tropical American; the present the only Asiatic.

EvoLvuLUS ALSINOIDES, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 392. A small peren-

nial herb; annual branches numerous, wiry, often prostrate. Leaves

variable in shape from lanceolate to ovate, and in pubescence from

sparingly silky to densely tawny or rufous-tomentose ; *25 to 1 in. or

occasionally 1:5 in, long, ‘2 to ‘5 in. wide; petiole absent or short,

rarely ‘2in. long. lowers 1 to 3, on peduneles ‘1 in. to 1 or 1°5 in.

long; bracts small, linear, hirsute, persistent; pedicels ‘05 to ‘Od in.

long. Sepals 5, lanceolate, hirsute, -1 to-15 in. long. Corolla pale blue

or white, transparent, -25 to -3 in. long. Capsule globose, ‘15 in. in

diam., 4-valved. Seeds 4, glabrous. Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 9, t. 6, f. 1;

Wall. Cat. 1317 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. IT. 105 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 447 ;

Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 220. #. linifolwus, Linn. Sp. Pl.

ed. II. 392; Choisy in DC. Prod. TX. 449. H. angustifolwus, Roxb. Flor.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. Il. 107. HH. hirsutus, Lamk Eneye. Meth.

III. 538; Ill. t. 216, f. 2; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 447, excl. syn. Roxb.

H. sericeus, Wall. Cat. 1315. Convolvulus valerianoides, Blanco FI.

Filip. 90.

Nicopars: Kamorta, Kurz! Sincarore: Changi, Adley /—

Distris. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

The form recorded from the Nicobars and Singapore is the narrow-leaved form,

which is EH. linifolius Linn. In both localities it is probably an introduced weed.

6. BonamiaA, Thouars.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves large ovate-cordate, entire, firm.

Flowers medium, in axillary peduncled cymes ; bracts small. Sepals 5,

sub-equal, firm, ovate. Corolla infundibuliform, tube hirsute externally

except opposite the sepals; limb 5-lobed, plicate. Stamens, 5, included,

adnate to corolla-tube; filaments filiform, at least in upper part.

Ovary 2-celled; ovules 4; style 2-fid to the middle; stigmas 2,

capitate. Fruit a globose or ovoid capsule; valves thin, splitting

irregularly at their apices. Seeds normally 4, glabrous or nearly so.—

Disrris. Species about 30, throughout the tropics.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 299

BoNAMIA SEMIDIGYNA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 528.

A large twining shrub; stems and leaves rusty-tomentose. Leaves

ovate-cordate, entire, apex acute; length 4 in., width 2°5 in.; petiole

15 in. long. Flowers medium, in axillary sub-capitate 2—5-flowered

cymes; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long, rusty-villous as are the pedicels and

sepals; bracts -25 in. long, oblong, rusty-villous. Sepals ‘35 to ‘5 in.

long, ovate-oblong, sub-acute, sub-equal. Corolla yellowish, wide-

infundibuliform, 1:5 in. long; tube hirsute externally ; limb sub-entire.

Style ‘6 in. long. Capsule sub-globose, glabrous, ‘5 in. in diam., split-

ting into many vertical segments, hardly covered by the slightly

accrescent, ovate fruiting sepals. Seeds sub-glabrous. Bull. Herb.

Boiss. V. 1814. Convolvulus senudigynus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13;

Flor. Ind. I. 468; Wall. Cat. 1405. Breweria cordata, Bl. Bijdr. 722;

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 438; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

TV. 223. B. Roxburgh, Choisy Convolv. Or. III., and in DC. Prod. IX.

438; Wight, Ic. t. 1370; Dalz & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 162. B. madagas-

cariensis, Choisy Mem. Soc. Phys. Geney. 493.

Prov. WELLESLEY: at Kubang Ulu, Curtis! Prnana: on the

coast, Porter! Curtis 1703! Prrax: Ipoh, Curtes 3166 !—DistTRIB.

S.H. Asia generally, Mascarenes.

7. Catystraia, R. Br.

Prostrate or twining perennial herbs. JZeaves entire or lobed,

glabrous or nearly so. Flowers medium, axillary solitary or rarely

in few-flowered cymes; bracts 2, large, leafy, embracing the calyx,

persistent. Sepals 5, ovate or oblong, the innermost 2 rather the

smallest. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate; tube glabrous ex-

ternally with 5 bands in centre of component petals, each with 5

pellucid lines at the base; limb sub-entire plicate. Stamens 5, adnate

to corolla-tube, included; filaments sub-equal. Ovary 1-celled or

imperfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform, entire; stigma of 2

oblong lobes. Frwit a globose, 1-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded capsule.

Seeds black, glabrous or verrucose.—Distris. Species 16 to 20, in

“warn and temperate regions.

CALYSTEGIA HEDERACEA Wall. Cat. 1328. A prostrate or climbing

weed of cultivated places and hedges. Leaves somewhat irregular,

cordate or sagittate, lobed or rarely entire, 1 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in.

wide; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary; peduncles 1 in.

long; bracts 2 ovate, *3 in. across, persistent, enclosing the calyx.

Sepals 5, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, outer 3 in. long, inner rather

smaller. Corolla sub-campanulate, pinkish purple, tube 1 in. long;

limb plicate, sub-entire. Capsule ovoid, sub-acute, glabrous, ‘3 in. long.

300 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Seeds glabrous. Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 94; Choisy

Convolvy. Or. 103, and in DC. Prod. IX. 434 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit..

Ind. IV. 217. Convolvulus Wallichianus, Spreng. Syst. cur. post. 61.

Penance: Porter, fide Wallich.—Distris. Northern India, Afghani-

stan, Eastern Asia.

Possibly only a casual weed in our area.

8. Hewirtia, W. & A.

A pubescent twining herb. Leaves cordate, entire angled or lobed.

Flowers axillary solitary, or in few-flowered cymes; bracts below the

calyx 2, linear-lanceolate. Sepals 5, acute ; outer 3 wide-ovate, accres-

cent in fruit, inner 2 narrow-lanceolate. Corolla medium, yellow or

white with a purple eye; tube campanulate ; limb plicate. Stamens 5,

included, adnate to corolla-tube; filaments linear with dilated bases.

Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma

of 2 ovate-oblong lobes. F'rwit a globose, 4-valved, 1-celled, normally

4-seeded capsule. Seeds black, glabrous.—Distris. A single species,

throughout the tropics of the Hastern Hemisphere and Polynesia.

Hewittia Bicotor, Wight Ic. t. 835. A pubescent perennial herb ;

stems twining. Leaves cordate, entire angled or lobed, pubescent,.

2 to 4 in. long; petiole 5 in. long. lowers on axillary 1-few-flowered

peduncles ‘5 to 4 in. long; bracts 2, narrow-lanceolate, -25 to -5 in.

long, situated a short distance below the calyx. Sepals 5, the outer

ovate, accrescent; the inner narrowly lanceolate, -3 to ‘5 in. long.

Corolla yellow or whitish with a purple patch in lower part of tube,

rather widely campanulate, 1 in. long; tube externally hirsute; lobes

5, very short. Stamens 5, included ; filaments linear with dilated bases..

Ovary hirsute, more or less perfectly 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform ;

stigmas 2, ovate-oblong. Jruit a globose capsule, -25 in. in diam...

1-celled, opening by 4 valves. Seeds 4, black, glabrous. Wight Ill.

t. 168; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. LV. 216. Convolwulus bicolor,

Vahl. Symb. III. 25; Bot. Mag. t. 2205; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14; Flor.

Ind. I. 475; Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 57; Wall. Cat. 1410.

C. bracteatus, Vahl Symb. III. 25. C. wmwvolucratus, Ker in Bot. Reg.

t. 318 (not of Spreng.). Ipomea bicolor, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 372.

I. bracteata, Bl. Bijdr. 711 (not of Willd. nor of Wight). I. Weimmann

Roem. & Schult. Syst. Nat. IV. 248. Calystegia Keriana, Sweet Hort.

Brit. ed. 2, 370. Palma bicolor, Endl. ex Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor.

163. Shuteria bicolor, Choisy Convoly. Or. 104, and in DC. Prod. IX. 438 ;

Flor. des Serres t. 421. Amisera Afzelu, G. Don Gen. Syst. LV. 295.

A. bracteata, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 516.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 301

Perak: Larut, Scortechint !—Distris. Tropical Africa, S.E. Asia

generally, Polynesia.

9. AntsHr1A, Choisy.

Twining herbs. Leaves elliptic, mucronulate or lanceolate. Flowers

axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes. Sepals 5, herbaceous,

acuminate ; outer 3 the larger, ovate, decurrent on the peduncle and

accrescent in fruit; inner 2 smaller, lanceolate, unaltered in fruit.

Corolla wide-infundibiliform ; tube hirsute externally except on spaces

opposite the sepals, with 5 distinct vertical bands; limb sub-entire. -

Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, included ; filaments filiform. Ovary

glabrous, 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Frat

a 2-celled, 4-valved capsule. Seeds 4, large, black, smooth.—DIsrTR1B.

Species about 5, all confined to America but one, which is cosmopolitan

in the tropics.

ANISEIA MARTINICENSIS, Choisy Convoly. Rar. 144. A slender herb

creeping in wet places or climbing, glabrous or with a few adpressed

hairs. , Leaves oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse with a mucro, base

cuneate ; glabrescent; 75 to 3 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide; petiole ‘6 in. long.

Flowers axillary solitary; peduncles 1 in. long, with 2 minute, per-

sistent bracts about the middle. Sepals unequal, the outer ovate-acute

‘6 in. long, the inner narrower, green, glabrescent; in fruit accrescent

at length -75 to 1 in. long, the 2 outer then sub-cordate-ovate scarious,

strongly nerved, decurrent on the peduncle; the inner lanceolate.

Corolla white, campanulate, tube 1 in. long, pubescent outside ; limb

1 in. across. Capsule ovoid, glabrous, ‘5 in. long. Seeds with minutely

strigose margins. Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 430; Hallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVIII. 96, and Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 382. <A. uniflora, Choisy

Convoly. Or. 101, t.2, £.9, and in DC. Prod. IX. 431; Wight Ic. t. 850.

Convolvulus martinicensis, Jacq. Am. 20, t. 17. C. uniflorus, Lamk

Eneye. Meth. III. 544; Burm. Fl. Ind. 47, ¢.21. C. emarginatus, Vahl

Symb. III. 23. C. Rheedei, Wall. Cat. 1358; Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 70. Ipomea martinicensis, Mez Prim. Fl. Esseq. 98.

I. uniflora, Roem. & Schult. Symb. IV. 247; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 201. J. lanceolata, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 282.

Perak: Kwala Dipong, Scortechint 1780! Kota Bahru, King’s

Collector 1075! Mauacca: Griffith /—Distris. Tropics generally.

10. JacquEmont1A, Choisy.

Climbing or twining herbs or undershrubs; stems and leaves

usually pubescent. Leaves usually cordate or elliptic, entire or rarely

toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, in compound umbellate or capitate

302 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cymes, very rarely solitary ; bracts small, rarely leafy. Sepals 5, equal

or unequal. Corolla usually small; tube infundibuliform with a wide

or narrow throat, and with 5 vertical bands each ending in 2 distinct

nerves; limb plicate. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla-tube, included.

Ovary glabrous, 2-celled ; ovules 4; style filiform; stigmas 2, linear or

elliptic-oblong. Fruit a globose 2-celled capsule, usually 8-valved,

rarely 4-valved. Seeds normally 4, usually glabrous, often slightly

winged along the margins.—Distrip. Species 60 to 70, mostly in

Brazil; 2 to 3 in S.H. Asia.

JACQUEMONTIA PANICULATA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 541;

XVIII. 95. A slender climber; stems twining, puberulous. Leaves

ovate-cordate, acute, entire, pubescent beneath, puberulous at length

glabrescent above, 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; petiole ‘5 to 1 in.

long. Flowers axillary, in small dense many-flowered sub-capitate

cymes ; peduncles puberulous, 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts inconspicuous.

Sepals 5, ovate-cordate, pubescent, :25 in. long, not altered in fruit.

Corolla tubular, ‘5 in. long; mouth narrow, limb pink or white, shortly

acutely 5-lobed. Capsule globose, glabrous, -2 in. in diam. | Seeds

glabrous. Convoluulus parviflorus, Vahl. Symb. III. 29; Roxb. Flor.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 51; Choisy Convolv. Or. 98, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 413; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 220. C. asclepiadeus,

Wall. Cat. 1396. Ipomea paniculata, Burm. Flor. Ind. 50, t. 21, f. 3.

I. parviflora, Pers. Synops. I. 183 (not of Vahl.).

Perak: Kampong Kota, Wray 3337!—Distris. ‘Tropical Africa,

S.E. Asia generally, Australia.

11. Merremia, Dennst.

Shrubs or herbs, usually climbing, rarely erect or prostrate; stems

very rarely winged. Leaves entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers

axillary, usually long-peduncled, solitary or in few-flowered, rarely

many-flowered cymes; bracts small. Sepals 5, sub-equal, elliptic or

lanceolate, acuminate, rarely rounded or truncate, convex, usually

slightly accrescent in fruit. Corolla campanulate, white, less often

yellow or orange, the tube with 5 vertical bands each usually marked

by 5 dark-violet lines; limb plicate, margin slightly 5-lobed. Stamens 5,

unequal, included or exserted; filaments filiform; anthers usually -

twisted; pollen never spinulose. Ovary 2-celled or occasionally

4-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Frwit a 4-valved

capsule, 1-4-locular, sometimes the style separating with a small stopple.

Seeds 4, rarely fewer, dull, glabrous, rarely puberulous.—DistR1p.

Species about 40, in all warm countries.

~ ae

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. _ | Wen

Corolla glabrous externally :—

Leaves not peltate :—

Leaves deeply 5-lobed; flowers large .. L. WM. vitifolia.

Leaves entire or very slightly lobed ; flowers Berane —

Sepals acuminate ; flowers yellow with a pink or purple

eye :—

Leaves acute at apex

. M. hastata.

Leaves obtuse, truncate, or 3- ane at she 3. W. tridentata.

Sepals obtuse: flowers without a distinct eye :—

Leaves narrow-oblong, the lower often ovate-oblong ;

flowers white with pinkish tinge or yellowish-white or

pale yellow oc 4, M. cespitosa.

Leaves ovate-cordate, margin often ereeate or aaietl- :

flowers clear yellow ae oe .. 5. MW. convolvulacea.

Leaves peltate; flowers large < Sc .. 6. M. nymphaeifolia.

Corolla somewhat hirsute or shaggy eeeeraliee —

Leayes more or less hirsute; flowers in compact corymbose

or umbellate cymes se ac nc -. 7. M. umbellata.

Leaves quite glabrous; flowersinlaxcymes .. -. 8. MW. crispatula.

1. Merremia vitironia, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552.

A large climber with slender hispidly hairy branches. Leaves cordate,

palmately 5-lobed, 2 to 6 in. across; lobes triangular acute, often

toothed or again acutely lobed; petiole -5 to 2 in. long, hispidly hairy.

Flowers in axillary 1—-7-flowered cymes ; peduncles hispidly hairy, 1 to

4 in. long, pedicels hispidly hairy, -2 to -5 in. long. Sepals ovate-

acute, hispid, -5 in. long, in fruit somewhat enlarged, -75 in. long.

Corolla campanulate, clear yellow, glabrous, 1°5 in. long and nearly

as wide, slightly irregular. Capsule depressed-globose, membranous,

2-celled, normally 4-seeded. Seeds glabrous. Verslag. Buitenzorg,

1895, 127, and Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus vitifolius, Burm.

Fl. Ind. 45, t. 18, f. 1; Linn. Mantiss. 203; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14;

Flor. Ind. I. 476, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 61; Wall. Cat. 1348. C.

angularis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 46, t. 19, f. 2; Linn. Mantiss. 203; Hassk.

Pl. Jav. Rar. 519. Ipomea vitifolia, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. II. 372;

Blume Bijdr. 709; Choisy Convolv. Or. 72, and in DC. Prod. IX. 361;

Kurz For. Flor. Burm. IT. 219; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

TV. 213. I. angularis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 72.

Perak: Larut, Scortechint! ANDAMANS: Port Mouat, Kurz!

Narcondam, Prain! Nicopars: Nancowry, Prain’s Collector !—

Disrris. §.H. Asia generally.

2. MERREMIA HasTATA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI.552. A

diffuse twining biennial herb, stem angular. Leaves glabrous, hastate-

lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long, ‘3 to ‘5 in. wide, apex acute; petiole very

short. Flowers 1 to 3 on wiry axillary peduncles as long as or longer

than the leaves; bracts very small, lanceolate. Sepals narrow,

304 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate, -3 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous. Corolla funnel-shaped, “6 in.

long, pale yellow with a purple eye; limb slightly lobed. Stamens 5;

filaments slightly hairy at the base; anthers straight. Ovary and style

glabrous; ovary 2-celled, each cell 2-ovuled. Capsule ovoid, papery,

glabrous, 2-celled. Seeds glabrous. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII.117. Con-

volvulus hastatus, Desr. in Lamk Encyc. Meth. III. 547. C. filicaulis,

Vahl Symb. IIT. 24. C. denticulatus, Spreng. Syst. I. 603. C. medius,

Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 474, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 56; Wall. Cat. 1346

(not of Linn.). C. Blumez, Dietr. Syn. Pl. I. 675. Ipomaa denticulata,

R. Br. Prod. I, 485; Bot. Reg. t. 317 (not of Choisy). JI. filicauls,

Bl. Bijdr. 721; Choisy Convolv. Or. 66; DC. Prod. IX. 353. I. Blumer,

Steud. Nomencl. I. 815. J. angustifolia, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 205 (not of Jacq., nor of Choisy). Rheede Hort. Malab. XI. t. 55.

Perak: Larut, Scortechini 1388! 1833! Kwala, &e., Wray 859!

1751! Sungah Ryah, King’s Collector 996! Prnane: Batu Gaja, &.,

Deschamps! Mauacca: Griffith! Tanjong Kling and Bukit Bruang,

Hervey! Panane: Pekan, Ridley! Katapang, Ridley 1236! Srnea-

PoRE: Hullett 69! 2321 King’s Collector 1174! King !—DisrRis.

Throughout §.H. Asia, Tropical Africa, and Australia.

3. MERREMIA TRIDENTATA, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552.

A diffuse glabrous herb with a woody rootstock giving off many closely

decumbent elongated stems. Leaves glabrous, hastate-oblong, or

spathulate-linear, or sub-quadrate, ‘5 to ‘8 in. long, 15 to ‘5 in. wide,

apex obtuse truncate or 3-toothed; petiole 0. Flowers 1 to 3 on wiry

axillary peduncles as long as or longer than the leaves; bracts very

small, lanceolate. Sepals ovate, acuminate, :25 to °35 in. long. Corolla

funnel-shaped, 4 to ‘5 in. long, yellow with pink eye; limb slightly

lobed. Stamens 5. Capsule ovoid, papery, glabrous, 2-celled. Seeds

glabrous. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 116. Convolvulus tridentatus,

Linn. Sp. Pl. 157; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 475, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 56;

Wall. Cat. 1347. Hvolvulus tridentatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 392.

Ipomea tridentata, Roth Cat. Bot. Il. 19; Choisy Convoly. Or. 66,

and in DC. Prod. IX. 353 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 205.

Mauacca: Griffith 5861/1 (K.D.)! Maingay 1147 (K.D.)! Jonore:

Batu Pahat, Ridley 11,114!—Distris. India generally, Africa, Bangka.

4. Merremia cmsprtosa, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552. A

sparsely hairy or glabrescent annual or biennial slender twining or

creeping herb. Leaves narrowly oblong, the lower often sub-cordate ©

and ovate-oblong, sometimes slightly hastately lobed, 1°5 to 2°5 in. long,

‘5 in. wide; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long. Flowers cymose, few or many

on slender peduncles 1 to 3 in. long; bracts minute, persistent. Sepals

elliptic-obtuse, -25 in. long, margins when dry often inflexed above.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 305

Corolla sub-campanulate, ‘75 in. long, white with a pinkish tinge or

yellowish-white or yellow. Ovary 2-celled, each cell 2-ovuled. Capsule

ovoid, 25 in, long, papery, 1-celled, with only a trace of the original

dissepiment near the base. Seeds glabrous. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 382.

Convoluulus cespitosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 483, and

ed. Carey & Wall. II. 70; Wall. Cat. 1357. C. Benthamiu, Wall. Cat.

1393. Hewittia cespitosa, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. IL. i. 7857.

Skinneria cespitosa, Choisy Convolv. Or. 105, t. 6, and in DC. Prod. IV.

435. Ipomea linifolia, Bl. Bijdr. 721; Choisy DC. Prod. IX. 369;

Benth. Fl. Austr. [V. 423; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 205.

I. setulosa, Zoll. & Mor. Syst. Verzeichn. 51.

PERAK: Larut, King’s Collector 2486! Mauacca: Griffith!

SineaPpore: Kurz 2976! Hullett 127! 387! King! King’s Collector

1193 !—Disrrip. HE. Himalaya, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago,

Australia.

5. MERREMIA CONVOLVULACEA, Dennst. Schl. Hort. Malab. 39. A

much-twining glabrous or casually hirsute often muricated herb.

- Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, glabrous, margin usually crenate or

toothed, sometimes 3-lobed, 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide; petiole

‘°O to Zin. long. Flowers numerous, rather densely cymose, on axillary

peduncles -5 to 3 in. long; bracts small, caducous. Sepals elliptic,

glabrous, *2 in. long, ultimately sub-patent, margins often at length

sub-involute. Corolla funnel-shaped, externally glabrous, yellow, 5 to

‘6 in. long. Capsule ovoid, sub-angular, at the apex rather thicker

than elsewhere and often depressed, -25 in. long; cells 2. Seeds

puberulous. IM. hederacea, Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 168,

and Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 126. Hvolvulus hederaceus, Burm.

Hl. Ind. 77, t. 30, £2. Convolvulus flavus, Willd. Sp. Pl. 852.

C. strictus, Vahl Symb. IIT. 28. C. dentatus, Vahl Symb. III. 25;

Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 62; Wall. Cat. 1349.

Ipomea striata, Poir. in. Lamk Eneyc. Meth. Suppl. IV. 632 (not of

Roth). JI. dentata, Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 789. J. sub-

iriflora, Zoll. & Mor. Verzeichn. 51.

PERAK: Durian, King’s Collector 397! Larut, Scortechint 1832!

Pawane : Khol, Ridley 2168! JoHore: Serom, Ridley! Sincaprore:

Dorward !—Distris. S§.EH. Asia, Africa, Australia.

6. MERREMIA NYMPH#IFOLIA, Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895,

127. A large woody climber. Leaves orbicular-ovate, shortly acuminate,

entire, glabrous on both surfaces, peltate with a rounded or slightly

retuse base, 6 to 10 in. long, 5 to 8 in. wide, the floral leaves more

deeply cut and at times cordate with a narrow sinus. lowers large, in

loose 4~15-flowered cymes on a common peduncle sometimes shorter

306 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

than the petioles, sometimes longer than the leaves. Sepals broad,

obtuse, coriaceous, nearly equal, in flower ‘75 in., in fruit nearly 1 in.

long. Corolla wide-campanulate, 2 to 2°5 in. long, glabrous externally,

yellow or white or purplish. Stamens 5; anthers hirsute. Capsule

sub-globose, 1 in. in diam. Seeds pilose. Ipomea nymphezfolia, Bl.

Bijdr. 719; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIIT. 2, 107. LI. Rumphu,

Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 605. J. peltata, Choisy, Convolv. Or. 70, and in

DC. Prod. IX. 359; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 605; Benth. Flor. Austral.

IV. 408; Bak. Flor. Maurit. 208. Convolvulus peltatus, Linn. Sp. Pl.

1194. Spiranthera peltata, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 226. Operculina peltata,

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 549; XVIII. 119. Chiroma

lanosanthera, Nav. & Fernand. Vill. in. Blanco Flor. Fil. ed. III. Ic. II.

teQolot: 1

Perak: Pangkor, Scortechini 1074! Ridley 7158!—Distrip. Masca-

renes, 5.H. Asia, Australia, Polynesia.

7. MERREMIA UMBELLATA, Hallier f. Eng. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 552;

var. orientalis, Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895, 132, and Bull. Herb. Boiss.

V. 381. A climbing softly hairy or almost glabrous shrub, stems often ~

15 to 20 feet long. Leaves cordate or hastate, elliptic or oblong,

obtuse or shortly acute, entire or very rarely sinuate or angled, nerves

rather distinct, softly hairy on both surfaces, or only beneath and

glabrous except the nerves above, rarely quite glabrous above and only

hairy on the nerves beneath; length 1:5 to 4 in., width 1 to 3 in.;

petioles often softly hairy, 2 to-6 in. long. Flowers in compact corym-

bose cymes on axillary usually softly hairy peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long;

pedicels -2 to 1 in. long; bracts caducous. Sepals elliptic, obtuse, entire

or mucronate, hairy or glabrous, -25 to 3 in. long. Corolla tubular-

campanulate, white, or white with a yellow tinge, 1 to 1:5 in. long,

lobes short, at first hirsute externally. Capsule globose, glabrous, °3 in.

wide. Seeds patently hirsute with blackish hairs. Convolvulus blandus,

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13); Flor. Ind. I. 470, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 50, 70;

Wall. Cat. 1842. C. cymosus, Lamk Eneycl. Meth. III. 556. C. penta-

gonus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 485, and ed. Carey & Wall. IT.

72; Wall. Cat. 1343. C. Rothw, Spreng. Syst. I. 600. Ipomea cymosa,

Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 241; Blume Cat. Gewachs. Buitenz. 50 ;

Choisy Convoly. Or. 79, and in DC. Prod. IX. 871; Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 24;

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. VI. 211. TI. bifida, Roth Nov. Sp.

118. J. Heynet, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 237. J. Rothiw, Roem. &

Schult. Syst. IV. 241. J. Olanda, Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. II. 372.

I. caliginosa, Choisy Convolv. Or. 79, and in DC. Prod. IX. 370.

Prerak: Thaipeng, Scortechin ! Krian, Scortechim! Larut, King’s

Collector! Prnane: Wallich! King! Deschamps! SELANGOR:

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 307

Fiidley! ANDAMANS: very common. Nicopars: Kurz! Prain /—

Distris. EH. and §.E. Asia, Tropical Africa.

Var. occidentalis, Hallier f. Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 127. Leaves

wide-cordate, softly hairy on both sides, 4 in. long, 3°5 in. wide ; cymes

umbellate ; corolla yellow. Convolvulus wmbellatus, Wall. Cat. 2329.

Ipomea umbellata, Mez Prim. Flor. Esseq. 99. J. cymosa, var. culta,

Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXITI. 2, 108.

- Perak: Sungah Ryah, Kunstler 912!—Disrris. Bengal, naturalised;

Tropical America.

8. MERREMIA CRISPATULA, Prain Beng. Pl. Il. 730; var. anda-

manica, Prain. A large glabrous scandent herb. Leaves ovaite-cor-

date, acuminate, margins entire or faintly undulate, glabrous on both

surfaces, 3 to 4 in. long, 2°5 to 4 in. wide; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long.

Flowers in axillary few-flowered cymes, peduncles 1:5 to 2 in. long,

pedicels -75 to 1:25 in. long, thickened upwards. Sepals orbicular,

‘Od in. long, in fruit -75 in. long. Corolla campanulate, limb hardly

lobed, tube hirsute externally, yellow, 1:25 in. long. Capsule sub-

orbicular, ‘75 in. across. Seeds minutely velvety, margins somewhat

shaggy. Ipomea petaloidea, var. andamanca, Prain Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. LXITT. 2, 110.

AnpDAmMANS: §. Andaman, common.

This is in all probability specifically distinct from Merremia crispatula (Ipomea

petaloidea, Choisy), but it seems preferable to treat it for the moment as a variety of that

species and not as a new species, because of its remarkable resemblance to Merremia

Riedeliana, Hallier f. (Ipomea Riedeliana, Oliv.), and Merremia mammosa, Hallier f.

(Ipomea mammosa, Choisy). From the former, as described and figured by Oliver,

this differs in having a‘4-celled ovary with 1 ovule in each cell, whereas MW. Riedeliana

has a 2-celled ovary with 4, sometimes 5, ovules in each cell. From M. mammosa, as

figured by Rumphius, this differs in having obtuse calyx-lobes and a shaggy corolla ;

Rumphius’ figure shows the sepals acute and the corolla glabrous. This plant appears

to be the same thing as Convolvulus platypeltis, Span., from Timor, and if it proves to

be distinct alike from M. Riedeliana and M.mammosa, which last is cited by Dr. Hallier

as an Andaman plant, though we have no authentic example of MW. mammosa from

the Andamans at Calcutta, the name it should bear will be Werremia platypeltis.

12. OpEeRcuLINA, Manso.

Large herbaceous climbers ; stems, peduncles and petioles usually

winged. Leaves large, entire or lobed, rarely peltate. Flowers large,

showy, axillary, solitary or often in few-flowered cymes. Sepals 5, large,

ovoid, glabrous, accrescent in fruit and ultimately irregularly splitting

from the tip. Corolla infundibuliform, rarely campanulate ; tube with

5 vertical smooth bands. Stamens 5; filaments filiform; anthers large,

at length contorted ; pollen never spinulose. Ovary 2-celled, glabrous ;

ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a capsule, not

308 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

opening by valves; the epicarp circumscissile above the middle, the

cap in separating carrying away the style; the endocarp at first entire,

at length rupturing irregularly. Seeds usually solitary, rarely more

than one, black, smooth or furred, usually large.—Distris. Species

15, tropics generally.

Stems winged; bracts large, coloured ; flowers white or pale yellow ;

leaves softly pubescent, not palmate ae .. L. O. Turpethum.

Stems not winged ; bracts small: flowers brilliant salle leaves

glabrous, deeply palmately lobed és ate .. 2. O. tuberosa.

1. OpERcULINA TuURPETHUM, Manso En. Pl. Bras. 16, n. 49. A

stout softly pubescent climber, with strong twining 4-angled or com-

pressed less often sub-cylindric winged stems, wings membranous.

Leaves large, ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, 2 to 5 in. long, | to 3 in.

wide, base cordate or truncate; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers axillary, in

few-flowered cymes; peduncles 1 to 4in. long; bracts oblong, 1 in. long,

sometimes pinkish-purple, caducous. Sepals 5, ovate, softly pubescent,

‘5 in. long; in fruit accrescent orbicular, concave, scarious and fissile,

lin. long. Corolla white or pale yellow, tubular-campanulate, 1°5 in.

long. Stamens 5, included, anthers at length contorted. Capsule globose,

*3 to °75 in. across. Seeds 4 or fewer, glabrous. MHallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVIII. 120, and Verslag. Buitenzorg, 1895, 128. Convolvulus

Turpethum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 155; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 57, and Flor. Ind. I. 476; Wall. Cat. 1871; Bot.

Mag. t. 2093; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 518. C. anceps, Linn. Mantiss. 43.

C. triqueter, Vahl Symb. Ill. 30. Ipomea Turpethum, RB. Br. Prod.

I. 485; Bot. Reg. t. 279; Chois. Convolv. Or. 68, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 360; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. II. 218; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 212. TI. anceps, Roem. & Schult. Syst. [V. 231; Bl. Bijdr. 714;

Choisy Convolv. Or. 68, and in DC. Prod. TX. 360. J. triquetra, Roem. &

Schult. Syst. IV. 231. Spiranthera Turpethum, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 226.

Argyreia alulata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Il. 587.

AnpAMANS: Narcondam, Prain! Nuicopars: Kamorta, Kurz!

Mauacca: Griffith !—Distrip. EH. Africa, §.H. Asia, Australia,

Polynesia.

2. OPERCULINA TUBEROSA, Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. VII. 212. A

stout glabrous climber with strong twining smooth or muricate stems.

Leaves large, ovate, deeply palmately lobed; lobes elliptic-lanceolate,

acuminate, entire, 3 to 5 in. across; petiole 2 to 5in. long. Flowers

axillary in many-flowered cymes; peduncles 2 to 6 in. long; bracts

deciduous ; pedicels -25 to 1 in. long. Sepals 5, elliptic-oblong, obtuse ;

accrescent in fruit and spreading, ultimately 2 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. wide.

Corolla yellow, tubular-campanulate, 2in. long. Stamens 5, included,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 309

anthers twisted. Capsule globose, ‘3 in. wide; peduncle somewhat

thickened. Seeds furred along the angles. MHallier f., in Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVI. 476, 549; XVIII. 119; Verslag. Buitenzorg 1895, 128,

and Bull. Herb. Boiss. VII. 410. Ipomea tuberosa, Linn. Sp. Pl, 160;

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 362 (partly).

SInGAPORE: Hullett 645, in cultivation.—Distrip. America, Africa,

India, Malaya, New Caledonia.

LEPISTEMON, Bl.

Stout climbing herbs, with villous stems. Leaves cordate, often

more or less lobed. lowers in very dense axillary cymes; bracts

narrow, deciduous. Sepals 5, sub-equal, herbaceous, hispid or glabrous,

acute or obtuse. Corolla small, yellowish-white; tube hirsute ex-

ternally, narrowed and shortly cylindric at base, urceolate above; limb

‘shortly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included ; filaments dilated at their bases

into 5 sub-equal, concave scales arched over the ovary; disk large

ecupular. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 4; style very short; stigma 2-partite,

sub-capitate. Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Seeds glabrous.—DiIstTRIB.

‘Species 3, S.H. Asiatic and African.

LEPISTEMON FLAVESCENS, Bl. Bijdr. 722. A climber with stout

fulvous-villous stems. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, entire or often

distinctly 3-lobed, densely tawny-tomentose on both surfaces; 3 to 5 in.

wide; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers yellowish-white in closely 10-

30-flowered axillary cymes, sessile or on short peduncles 25 to ‘5 in.

long; bracts tawny-hirsute, -2 in. long, deciduous. Sepals 5, rather

narrowly ovate to lanceolate, sub-acute to rather finely acuminate,

densely patently sub-strigose, -35 to ‘4 in. long. Corolla narrow and

hyaline at the base, membranous and from slightly to widely urceolate

above; tube hirsute externally ; limb widely infundibuliform. Stamens

5, the basal processes papillose or hirsute, included in the lower part of

the corolla-tube and overarching the short style; filaments glabrous,

included in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled; ovules

4; style very short ; stigma 2-lobed, lobes sub-globose. Capsule ovoid,

glabrous, 2-celled, 4-valved, -25 in. long, normally 4-seeded. Seeds

glabrous. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 629; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXIII. 2, 111; Wight Ic. t. 18362; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 348. JL.

Wallichu, Choisy Convolv. Or. 61, and in DC. Prod. IX. 348; Clarke in

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 216. Convolvulus cephalanthus, Wall.

Cat. 1402. C. binectariferus, Wall. in Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 47. Vallaris controversa, Spreng. Syst. cur. post. 68.

Ipomea Wallichw, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. Nemodon sp., Griff. Notul.

TV. 286.

310 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PerRAK: Larut, Scortechim nu. 1544! Goping, King’s Collector 987 !

1059!—Disrris. Assam, Tenasserim, Chittagong, Java, Borneo,

Philippines.

The three gatherings from Perak agree with each other in every respect. They

differ from the plant as it occurs in Tenasserim, in having a more widely urceolate

corolla and even longer and more lanceolate sepals; at the same time they differ

from the plant as it occurs in the Malay Archipelago, in having the sepals narrowly

lanceolate and acuminate, instead of ovate and sub-acute. As regards corolla,

however, they are exactly like the species as it occurs elsewhere in Malaya. Since

the Perak plant combines the characters of the two previously recognised species—

L. Wallichit with long acuminate sepals and L. flavescens with wide-urceolate corolla—

it appears to afford conclusive proof of the suggestion already made by Clarke, l.c.,

that the Assamese and the Malayan plants are no more than forms of one somewhat

variable species. An Indian form occurs in Travancore; this has been characterised

by Stapf as a distinct species, L. leiocalyx, probably quite justly, since the Travancore

plant has quite glabrous and obtuse sepals: the same form occurs in Chittagong ;

otherwise, however, the Indian plant agrees with the forms reported from Indo-China

and Malaya.

Irpoma@a, Linn.

Herbs, rarely shrubs, twining or prostrate, less often sub-erect or

erect. Leaves alternate, entire lobed or divided. Flowers axillary,.

solitary or in cymes, the cymes rarely paniculate, or in terminal spikes ;

bracts various. Sepals 5, ovate or linear, equal or unequal. Corolla

campanulate or infundibuliform; limb plicate, very slightly 5-lobed.

Stamens 5, included or very rarely exserted; filaments filiform or

dilated at the base, often somewhat unequal; anthers straight or con-

torted; pollen spinulose. Ovary 1-3-celled, rarely 4-celled; ovules 4,

rarely 6; style filiform; stigma capitate, entire or 2-3-globose, rarely

stigmas 2, linear. Fruit a 4-6-valved capsule, rarely indehiscent. Seeds

4, less often 6, rarely solitary, glabrous, bearded, or uniformly velvety

or woolly.—DistRis. Species about 300, throughout the tropics.

Leaves softly pubescent or densely hirsute on both surfaces :—

Leaves deeply 5-7-lobed; flowers densely capitate with a

whorl of involucrant bracts 25 Ble .. 1. I. Pes-Tigridis..

Leaves entire or slightly 3-lobed; flowers in congested

cymes, with often one of the bracts foliaceous oe) Dale enatis

_ Leaves glabrous or only slightly hirsute or pubescent :—

Leaves all deeply 5- or more-lobed, glabrous :—

Leaves digitately 5-lobed, lobes nearly if not quite

distinct at the base; flowers more or less white ac) Os Le PULCReUlane

Leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes not as a rule more

than three-fourths cut to the base; flowers purplish-

pink te ae eo, oe Re

Leaves entire or slightly obed or if (rarely) deeply lobed the

lobes only 2 :—

Flowers in few-flowered axillary cymes :—

Cymes corymbose and lax or flowers 2 or solitary :—

4. I. paniculata.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 311

Terrestrial, firm-stemmed plants :—

Flowers purple :—

Leaves ovate-cordate, acute or acuminate, entire

or more or less lobed :—

Cultivated species with tuberous edible roots,

often without flowers, rarely with seeds -. 5. I. Batatas.

Wild plants or if grown in gardens with the

roots not edible :—

Large stout climbers on bushes near sea-

coasts; flowers large, 4 in. rae sepals

obtuse .. 6. I. wlustris.

Slender climbers ; flowers never more than

15 in. long; sepals acute or acuminate :—

Climbing or trailing herbs on sea-beaches ;

flowers 1°5 in. long : 7. I. denticulata.

Climbing herbs in sondeae. or Pander

escapes; flowers -5 in. long 8. I. triloba.

Leaves oblong, obtuse or 2-lobed ; littoral agile

binding creepers ea . 9. I. Pes-Capre.

Flowers white or yellowish-white ; leanen pblone or

linear-oblong, emarginate, sometimes lobed, occa-

sionally lyrate; littoral sand-binding creepers .. 10. I. littoralis.

Aquatic or palustrine herbs; stems soft, thick and

spongy, trailing and rooting on wet mud or ity

in ponds and ditches; flowers purple .. . 11. I. reptans.

Cymes subumbellate, dense; flowers pale purple, or

white with a darker purple eye .. 12. I. sagittefolia.

Flowers in many-flowered rather pondered axillary (13. I. staphylina,

panicles; flowers white, slightly tinged with pink VAR. malayana.

1. Ipoma@a Prs-Tierivis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 162. A hirsute twining herb;

stems patently hirsute. Leaves hirsute on both surfaces, deeply

5-9-lobed, lobes elliptic, PCUnEE I, narrowed at the base; length

1 to 5 in., width 1 to 4 in.; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers densely

capitate, on axillary Hicsate peduncles ‘5 to 3 in. long; the heads

surrounded by a whorl of fulvous-hirsute bracts, the outer ovate or

elliptic-oblong with cuneate or rounded bases 1 in. long, the inner

narrower acute 5 to ‘75 in. long. Sepals lanceolate, acute, tawny-

hirsute, 3 to ‘5 in. long, scarcely altered in fruit. Corolla 1:25 in.

long, sparsely strigose externally, infundibuliform with rather narrow

tube and abruptly widened mouth, pink. Capsule ovoid, ‘25 in. long,

glabrous, chartaceous. Seeds minutely velvety. Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 93; Bl. Bijdr. 709; Wight Ic. t. 836; Choisy

-Convolv. Or. 73, and in DC. Prod. IX. 363; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 204; Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus

Pes-Tigridis, Spreng. Syst. I. 592; Wall. Cat. 1374. C. bryoniefolius

Salisb. Prod. 125. Convolvuloides palmata, Moench. Meth. 402.

Rheede Hort. Malab. XI. t. 59.

312 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Manacca: Grifith!—Distris. Tropical Africa, 8.H. Asia generally.

2. Ipoma@a Leazt, Paxt. Bot. Mag. VI. 267. A large hirsute climber,

with perennial root. Leaves widely or deeply cordate, acute, entire or

slightly 3-lobed, softly sparingly hirsute above, more densely beneath ;

length 3 to 6 in., width 2 to 5 in.; petiole hirsute, 2 to 3 in. long.

Flowers in congested 3—7-flowered cymes on axillary softly pubescent

peduncles 3 to 7 in. long; bracts linear acuminate ‘3 to -4 in. long, with

casually a foliaceous bract 1:5 in. long, °3 to -5 in. wide, with a cuneate,

less often sub-cordate base, close to the flowers. Sepals lanceolate,

acuminate, ‘75 in. long, pubescent. Corolla abruptly campanulate

from a narrow cylindric base, tube 2°75 to 3 in. long, purple-blue or

mixed red and blue, changing with age. Fruit not seen. J. congesta,

Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 104 (not of R. Br.). Pharbitis

Learii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3928 ; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 348.

Smvcapore: Hullett /—Distris. Cultivated throughout the tropics,.

native of America.

Mr. Hullett, whose plant was probably an escape, notes on his specimen (Hullett

646): ‘‘ January, 1885: blue convolvulus, wild? Have never seen it in seed.”

3. Ipomaa PULCHELLA, Roth Noy. Sp. 115. A glabrous twining herb.

Leaves glabrous, digitate, 5-lobed, lobes ovate-acute, base cuneate,

central largest 1:25 to 1:5 in. long, ‘5 to °75 in. wide, basal smallest

‘*5 to °75 in. long, °3 to °5 in. wide; petiole glabrous, °75 to 2 in. long.

Flowers in axillary 1-3-flowered cymes ; peduncles -25 to 1-25 in. long;

bracts minute, deciduous; pedicels ‘5 in. long, with small ovate sub-

persistent bracteoles below the middle. Sepals ovate, glabrous, °2 to

‘25 in. long, the inner obtuse, the outer sub-acute. Corolla campanu-

late, 2 in. long, white or with a tinge of rose. Capsule globose,

glabrous, °5 in. wide. Seeds villous. Wight Ic. 158; Choisy in DC.

Prod. IX. 386. J. palmata Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 386

in part (not I. palmata, Forsk = I. cairica, Sweet).

Mauacca: Maingay. Sincapore: Tanglin, Ridley 5817 !—Distr.-

India, Indo-China.

Mr. Ridley’s specimens may be from plants escaped from cultivation; they are

noted as ‘‘from behind the stable, Tanglin.” This is one of two species often

cultivated in India under the name of the ‘‘ Railway Creeper”; the other species

so termed is the American Werremia quinquefolia, Hallier f.; the latter we have- not

yet received from the Malay peninsula, though it has already escaped and become

domesticated near Port Blair in the Andamans.

4, Ipoma@a panicuntata, R. Br. Prod. I. 486. A large scandent

perennial climber with a tuberous root; stems glabrous. Leaves

palmately 5-7-lobed, glabrous, the lobes sometimes cut almost to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 313

the base, lanceolate or elliptic, often spathulate; length 3 to 7 in.,

width 2-5 to 6 in.; petiole 2 todin. long. Flowers in many-flowered

axillary cymes, on peduncles 2 to 6 in. long; pedicels -25 to °75 in.

long; bracts deciduous. Sepals elliptic, shortly acute, glabrous,

‘25 to °3 in. long, enlarged and concave in fruit, -4 to ‘5 in. long.

Corolla 1:5 to 2°25 in. long, glabrous externally, wide-campanulate,

purplish-pink. Stamens 5, anthers straight. Ovary 4-celled for three-

fourths of its height or throughout. Capsule ovoid, -3 in. long, 4-celled

throughout, 4-valved. . Seeds woolly with long hairs which protrude

from the chinks of the capsule. Bl. Bijdr. 709; Bot. Reg. t. 62;

Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 379. Convolvulus paniculatus, Linn.

Sp. Pl. 223; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 478, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 63; Wall.

Cat. 1350; Spreng. Syst. I. 591. C. platensis, Spreng. Syst. I. 591.

C. insignis, Spreng. Syst. I. 592. C. rosews, Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl.

III. 108 (not of Miller). Ipomea digitata, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 924;

Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Brasil. VII. 278; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 389;

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 202. I. mauritiana, Jacq. Hort.

Schoenbr. II. 39, t. 200. I. gossypifolia, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 208.

I. eriosperma, Beauv. Fl. Owar. & Benin II. 73, t. 105. TI. insignis,

Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 665; Bot. Reg. t. 75; Bot. Mag. t. 1790. J. twberosa,

G. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl. Hsseq. 102. J. platensis, Ker-Gawl. Bot. Reg.

t. 333; Bot. Mag. t. 3685; Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 387. Batatas

paniculata, Choisy Convoly. Or. 54, t. 1, f. 2, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 339; Wight Madr. Journ. Lit. [V.t.11. B. edulis, var. y, Choisy

in DC. Prod. IX. 339.

PERAK: Scortechini! Prnane: Wallich 1350! Deschamps! Sinea-

PORE: Chan-chu-kang, Ridley 3909 !—Distris. Cosmopolitan in the

tropics.

5. Ipoma@a Bararas, Lamk Hncycl. Meth. VI. 14. A trailing or

twining glabrous or sparingly hairy herb with tuberous roots; tubers

red, white, or occasionally yellow. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, entire

or angular or somewhat lobed; 2 to 4 in. long, 2 to 3-5 in. wide; petiole

2to din. long. Flowers in few-flowered cymes, very often none pro-

- duced, on axillary peduncles 1 to 4 in. long; pedicels -25 to -d in. long;

bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous. Sepals narrowly oblong, acute, the

outer shorter, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long. Corolla 1 to 2 in. long, purplish,

glabrous externally, campanulate. Stamens 5, filaments slightly

hirsute at the base. Ovary 4-celled, glabrous, half-enveloped by the

undulate disk. Capsule 4-celled, or casually 3-l-celled by sup-

pression. Seeds glabrous. Bl. Bijdr. 712; Meissn. in Mart. FI.

Brasil. VII. 282; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 202; Hallier

f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 380. J. Catesbei,G. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl.

314 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

Hsseq. 103. Convolvulus Batatas, Linn. Sp. Pl. 154; Roxb. Flor. Ind.

I. 483, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 69; Wall. Cat. 1356. C. indicus,

Moris. Hist, II. sect. I. t. 8, f£. 4. C. edulis, Thunb. Fl. Japon. 84. C.

esculentus, Salisb. Prod. 123. Batatas edulis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 53,

and in DC. Prod. IX. 338. B. xanthorhiza Boj. Hort. Maurit. 225.

Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 130. Rheede Hort. Malab. VII. t. 50.

Perak: Larut; Scortechini 1836! but doubtless also present in

other provinces, cultivated.

The Sweet Potato; very rarely seen in flower, still more rarely in fruit. A

native of America, but now grown throughout the tropics.

6. Ipomaa 1LLustTRIS, Prain Beng. Pl. II. 735. A glabrous climber.

Leaves ovate or oblong, cordate or hastate, entire, glabrous, apex

acuminate; nerves rather prominent; 4 to 6 in. long, 3-5 to 5 in. wide;

petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long. Flowers in axillary cymes; peduncles 1 to

1°5 in. long, usually 2-3-flowered, often 1-flowered; bracts caducous ;

pedicels ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Sepals orbicular, obtuse, glabrous, °3 to

‘4 in. long. Corolla rather wide-campanulate, purple, 4 to 4°5 in.

long, glabrous, limb 3 in. wide. Capsule -5 in. wide, globose. Seeds

with long silky hairs. J. campanulata var. tllustris, Clarke in Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 211.

_ AnpDAmANs: on the coasts, everywhere. Prenane: Pulo Boetong,

Curtis 1970!—Distrip. Coasts of Ceylon, Sunderbuns, Indo-China,

and Malay Archipelago.

This is very nearly allied to I. campanulata, Linn., which appears, however, to be

always an inland species, whereas this is always a littoral plant. JT. illustris differs

further in having flowers at least one-half larger, sepals quite glabrous, and fewer

flowers to the cyme.

7. IpPoM@A DENTICULATA, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 379 (not of R. Br.).

A glabrous trailing or twining littoral herb. Leaves ovate-cordate,

acute, entire denticulate angled or sub-lobate, base rather deep-

cordate with an obtuse sinus, firm in texture but hardly fleshy; 1 to

2°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1°75 in. wide; petiole 1:5 in. long. lowers axillary

on short 1-3-flowered peduncles, never more than 1°5 in. long; pedicels

(often only one) 1 to 1:25 in. long; bracts -2 in. long, linear. Sepals

elliptic, abruptly acute, sub-scarious, ‘4 in. long. Corolla 1:5 in. long,

tube funnel-shaped, abruptly widening at the mouth, purple. Ovary

2-celled. Capsule globose, 3 in. in diam., glabrous. Seeds smooth.

Benth. Fl. Austr. IV. 421; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 298;

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 554. JI. littoralis, Bl. Bijdr. 7138

Thw. Enum. 211 (not of Boiss.). JI. subdentata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

614. J. cymosa, Bak. Fl. Maurit. 208 (not of Roem. & Schult.). J.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 315

micobarica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XLV. 2, 141. Convolvulus denticu-

latus, Lamk Encycl. Meth. IIT. 540.

Perak: Dindings, Scortechini 1066! Curtis 3449! Prnane:

Bagian Jumal, Curtis 1974! Panane: Rumpin, Ridley! Nicopars:

common. ANDAMANS: very common.—DistRis. Coasts of the Indian

and Pacific Oceans, from the Seychelles to Polynesia.

This species, in the writer’s experience, prefers shingle beaches, though occasionally

it is to be met with on sandy beaches along with I. biloba.

8. Ipoma@a trinopa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 229. A twining or prostrate

herb with glabrous slightly angular stem. Leaves cordate, acuminate

to an often rounded tip, entire or toothed or occasionally 3-lobed ; 1:5

to 2 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. wide; petiole slender, 1°75 to 2 in. long.

Flowers in axillary 1-4-flowered cymes; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long;

bracts lanceolate, -2 in. long, deciduous; pedicels -25 to °35 in. long.

Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate with spreading yellowish hairs,

‘35 in. long. Corolla tubular, purple, -5 in. long. Capsule pilose.

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 383.

SmInGAPORE : Hullett /—Distr1p. Cultivated in the tropics; native

of America.

Under his n. 68, Mr. Hullett sent to Calcutta, in 1884, as Ipomea coccinea, a

mixture of two species, one of which is Quamoclit phenicea, the other being Ipomea

triloba; as they are not noted as cultivated it seems possible that I. triloba may

at least casually occur as an escape at Singapore. For the detection of this mixture,

which had not been observed by the writer when arranging the Calcutta Con-

volvulacee in 1894 (see Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 83 et seg.), we are indebted

to Dr. H. Hallier.

9. Ipom@a Prs-Capra, Roth Nov. Sp. 109. A glabrous extensive

sand-binding creeper. eaves orbicular or oblong, obtuse emarginate

or 2-lobed ; 1 to 4 in. long and sometimes wider than long; thick, fleshy,

when dry distinctly nerved; petiole 1 to 4 in. long. Flowers in

axillary 1-3-flowered cymes; peduncles 1 to 4 in. long; bracts

‘2 in. long, lanceolate, deciduous; pedicels ‘75 to 1°5 in. long. Sepals

~ ovate, obtuse, glabrous, °5 to -6 in. long, slightly enlarged in fruit.

Corolla tubular-campanulate, glabrous, 2 in. long, purple. Capsule

ovoid, glabrous, ‘5 in. long. Seeds villous. Choisy Convolv. Or. 63, and

in DC. Prod. IX. 349; Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Brasil. VII. 256; Hallier f.

_ Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 381. J. biloba, Forsk. Flor. Aigypt.-Arab. 44 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 212. J. maritima, R. Br. Prod.

486; Bl. Bijdr. 720; Bot. Reg. t. 319. Convolvulus Pes-Capre, Linn.

Sp. Pl. 159; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 486, and ed. Carey &

Wall. II. 74; Wall. Cat. 1360. C. maritimus, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

316 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

III. 550. C. bilobatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 485, and ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 73; Wall. Cat. 1859. Batatas maritima, Boj. Hort.

Maurit. 225. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 159, f. 1. Rheede Hort.

Malab. XI. t. 57.

PENANG: on the coast, Deschamps /—Distris. Sea-shores of all

tropical countries.

10. Ipomaa tirtoratis, Boiss. Fl. Orient. TV. 112. A glabrous or

slightly puberulous sand-binding creeper. Leaves oblong, emarginate

or lobed, often deeply so, and sometimes linear-oblong or linear or

sub-lyrate, nerves very obscure; length 1:25 to 1°5 in., width -25 to

‘75 in.; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers in axillary 1-3-flowered cymes ;

peduncles 1 in. long; bracts -2 in. long, linear-lanceolate, sub-per-

sistent; pedicels in fruit slightly clavate, -75 to 1 in. long. Sepals

ovate-obtuse or ovate-lanceolate, ‘6 in. long, obtuse with or without a

terminal mucro. Corolla white or yellowish-white, 1:75 to 2 in. long,

campanulate. Capsule ovoid, glabrous, -4 in. long. Seeds villous.

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVI. 555. JT. carnosa, R. Br. Prod. 485 ;

Benth. Fl. Austral. TV. 419; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 213.

I. acetosefolia, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV. 246; Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Brasil.

VII. 255, t. 94. J. longifolia, Benth. Pl. Hartweg. 16; Bot. Reg.

1840, t. 21. Convolwulus littoralis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 227. C. acetosefolius,

Vahl Helog. I. 18. C. arenarws, Vahl Symb. I. 18. C. carnosus,

Spreng. Syst. I. 609. C. stolonferus, Cyril. Pl. Rar. I. t. 5. Batatas

littoralis, Choisy Convolv. Or. 124, and in DC. Prod. IX. 337. B.

acetosefolia, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 338.

Mauacca: Griffith. Panane: Rumpin, Ridley !—Distrip. Sea-

shores of all tropical countries.

11. Ipoma@a REpTans, Poir. Encye. Meth. Suppl. III. 460. Anannual

glabrous aquatic, stems prostrate on mud or floating on the surface

of ditches and pools, hollow and spongy, rooting at the nodes below.

Leaves elliptic-oblong, or cordate or hastate or oblong or lanceolate,,

entire or angular or sub-lobate ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. wide; petiole

1 to 6 in. long. Flowers in axillary 1-5-flowered cymes; peduncles

2 to 7 in. long; bracts inconspicuous; pedicels 1 to 2 in. long. Sepals.

ovate, obtuse, glabrous or faintly puberulous, :4 in. long. Corolla 2 in.

long, purple, infundibuliform-campanulate. Capsule ovoid, glabrous,

3 in. long, 2-4-seeded. Seeds glabrous or very minutely closely silky. |

Bl. Bijdr. 714; Choisy Convolv. Or. 62, and in DC. Prod. IX. 349; Hallier

f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 380. J. aquatica, Forsk. Flor. Aigypt.-Arab.

44; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 210. J. repens, Roth Nov.

Sp. 110; Bl. Bijdr. 713. J. swbdentata, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 614.

Convolvulus reptans, Linn. Sp. Pl. 158; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14. C. repens,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. . 317

Vahl Symb. I. 17; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 432, and ed. Carey & Wall. II.

68; Wall. Cat. 1355 (mot of Linn.). C. Adansonii, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

III. 560. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 155, f. 1. Rheede Hort. Malab.

XI. t. 52.

AnpDAMANS: Port Blair, Prain ! and probably in some of the other

provinces.—Distris. Tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.

12. IpPom@a sacitT#FoxiA, Burm. Flor. Ind. 50. A perennial glabrous

or at times pubescent or hirsute twining herb. Leaves ovate-cordate,

acute, glabrous or sometimes pubescent, entire or sinuate, rarely

lobed, basal lobes usually rounded; length 1 to 2°5 in., width -75—2 in. ;

petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in axillary peduncled sub-umbellate

cymes; peduncles ‘5 to 7 in. long; bracts small, lanceolate, caducous ;

pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long, in fruit thickened and clavate. Sepals ovate,

sub-obtuse, slightly puberulous, -2 in. long, when dry slightly muriculate

externally. Corolla pale purple or white with a purple eye, 1:5 to 2 in.

long; tube cylindric, limb abruptly explanate. Capsule ‘25 to °3 in.

long, ovoid, 2-4-seeded. Seeds furred. JI. sepiaria, Koen. ex Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. I. 500, and ed. Carey & Wall. II. 90; Choisy

Conyoly. Or. 82, and in DC. Prod. IX. 370, Wight Ic. t. 838; Clarke in

Hook, f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 209. I. striata, Roth Nov. Sp.111. I. Heynez,

Wall. Cat. 1387. Convolvulus maximus, Vahl Symb. III. 26. C. strictus,

Vahl Symb III. 27. C. marginatus, Lamk Encye. Meth. III. 558.

C. sepiarius, Wall. Cat. 1384. C. incrassatus, Wall. Cat. 1386. Rheede

Hort. Malab. XI. t. 53.

Kepaxn: at 100 feet elevation, King’s Collector 1705! Mauacca:

Merliman Road, Derry 353! Sinearore: Ridley 6660! 11261 !—

Disrris. S.E. Asia generally.

13. Ipom@a stTapHyuiIna, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 249; var.

malayana, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2. 106. A glabrous

scandent shrub over 90 feet long. Leaves glabrous, rather thick, dull

green on both surfaces, sub-acute rather prominently veined; 2°5 to

4 in. long; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers numerous in rather

dense panicles, 2°5 in. long, 2 in. wide; peduncles ‘5 to 1°5 in. long;

- bracts small, caducous; pedicels -1 to -25 in. long, mostly short. Sepals

ovate, obtuse, glabrous, *2 in. long. Corolla white, slightly tinged

with pink ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped throughout, 1 to 1:25 in. long,

‘hardly -3 in. wide at the throat, limb rather narrow, abruptly explanate.

Capsule ovoid, sub-acute, -3 in. long, 4-seeded. Seeds with long silky

hairs. Convolvulus polyanthus, Wall. Cat. 1378. Lettsomia swmatrana,

Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 560.

Penane: Porter (Wallich 1378)! Prrax: Larut, Scortechint !

King’s Collector 1119! 2538! 5091!—Distris. Sumatra.

318 . Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

This is very like typical I. staphylina, a species widespread in India, but differs

considerably in the shape and size of the corolla, that of true I. staphylina being wide-

campanulate from a very short, narrow-cylindric base, usually -5 to ‘75, very rarely

1 in. long, and ‘5 to ‘75 sometimes 1 in. wide at the limb.

15. Quamoctit, Moench.

Annual twining glabrous herbs. Leaves cordate and angled or lobed,

occasionally divided. lowers axillary, in few-flowered cymes; bracts

small. Sepals 5, sub-equal or the outer rather the smaller ; their apices

often sub-aristate. Corolla pink or red, hypocrateriform, slightly irre-

gular; tube slender or slightly infundibuliform; limb very slightly

d-lobed, spreading. Stamens 5, resupinate, much exserted; filaments

unequal. Ovary glabrous 4-celled; ovules 4; style rather longer

than the stamens; stigma 2-globose. Frwt a 4-celled 1-valved

capsule, the septa thin, persistent. Seeds 4, black, dull, puberulous

or glabrous.—Distris. Species 7, mainly American, 2 now widely

spread in the tropics of the Hastern Hemisphere.

Leaves ovate-cordate, entire or lobed oe .. L. Q. phenicea.

Leaves ovate, deeply pinnately divided into numerous caets segments 2. Q. pinnata.

1. QuUAMOCLIT PHENICEA, Chois. Convolv. Or. 51, t. 1, f. 1. A weak

climbing or sub-scandent herb. Leaves ovate-cordate acute, glabrous,

entire or lobed; 2 to 3 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. wide; petiole 2 to 4 in. long.

Flowers in axillary lax few-flowered cymes ; peduncles slender, 2 to 6 in.

long ; pedicels erect ; bracts minute. Sepals 5, elliptic, abruptly acumi-

nate, °25-in. long, unchanged in fruit. Corolla dark-red, or variously

in cultivated forms orange or yellow; tube slender, 1 in. long; limb

salver-shaped, somewhat oblique, ‘75 in. across. Stamens 5, exserted.

Capsule smooth, ovoid, °3 in. long, completely 4-celled with membranous

persistent septa. Seeds pubescent. Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 336;

Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 1042. Convolvulus pheniceus, Spreng.

Syst. I. 596; Wall. Cat. 1372. Ipomaea phemcea, Roxb. Hort. Beng.

14, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 92, and Flor. Ind. I. 502.

I. coccinea, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 199.

Sincapore: Hullett!—Distrip. Widely naturalised throughout

S.E. Asia, native of America.

This, as Dr. Hallier notes on a sheet in Herb. Calcutta, is much larger and

more vigorous in all its parts than is I. coccinea, with which it is usually confounded

in Eastern collections ; it differs besides in having erect and not nodding pedicels. TI.

coccinea is not, so far as is known, semi-spontaneous anywhere in §.E. Asia; the

present species is now very widespread there in a wild condition.

2. QUAMOCLIT PINNATA, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 224. A slender glabrous

twining herb. Leaves ovate in outline, deeply pinnately divided into

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 319

numerous distant linear segments, glabrous; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

wide ; petioles 1 to 3in.long. Flowers in axillary lax few-flowered cymes;

peduncles slender, 2 to 4 in. long; pedicels erect, if more than one

virgate ; bracts minute. Sepals 5, elliptic, :25 in. long, hardly changed

in fruit. Corolla dark red, occasionally in cultivated varieties white ;

tube slender, 1 in. long; limb salver-shaped, somewhat oblique, -75 in.

across. Stamens 5, exserted. Capsule smooth, ovoid, ‘3 in. long, com-

pletely 4-celled with membranous persistent septa. Seeds puberulous.

Hallier f. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XVIII. 154. Q. vulgaris, Choisy Convolv.

Or. 52, and in DC. Prod. IX. 336. Convolvulus pinnatus, Desr. in Lamk

Encye. Meth. III. 567. C. Quamoclit, Spreng. Syst. I. 591; Wall. Cat.

1375. Ipomea Quamoclit, Linn. Sp. Pl. 159; Bot. Mag. t. 244; BI.

Bijdr. 708; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 93,

and Flor. Ind. I. 502; Clarke in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 199.

Penance: Batu Gaja jungles, Deschamps !—Distris. Widely

naturalised in §.H. Asia, native of America.

16. Catonyction, Choisy.

Large herbaceous climbers, stems usually muricate. Leaves large,

cordate, entire or angled. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered axillary

cymes; bracts caducous. Sepals 5, herbaceous, smooth, usually

aristate, sub-equal or the outer smaller. Corolla large, salver-shaped,

white or rose-purple ; tube narrow-cylindric ; limb plicate. Stamens 5,

adnate to corolla-tube, considerably exserted. Ovary glabrous, 2-

locular; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma 2-globose. Fruit a 4-valved

capsule. Seeds 4, dull, glabrous.—Species 6 to 7, all tropical American,

2 now widespread and sub-spontaneous in the tropics of the Hastern

Hemisphere.

CALONYCTION BONA-NOX, Boj. Hort. Maurit. 227. A large climber,

stems smooth or muricate, glabrous. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute,

glabrous, entire or casually lobed; 3 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. wide; petiole

3 to 6 in. long. Flowers on axillary 1-5-flowered peduncles, 2 to 6 in.

long ; bracts caducous. Sepals 5, usually ovate, obtuse with a mucro,

_ very slightly enlarged in fruit, glabrous; -5 in. long. Corolla 3 in.

long; tube linear, -2 in. wide; limb salver-shaped, 3 to 5 in. wide, white.

Stamens 5, slightly unequal, distinctly exserted. Capsule ovoid-oblong,

narrowed upwards, 1 in. long; peduncle in fruit slightly thickened.

Seeds glabrous. Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. V. 1028. C. noctilucum,

Don in Sw. Hort. Brit. ed. III. 482. C. speciosum, Choisy Mem. Soc.

Gen. VI. 441, t. 1, f. 4, and in DC. Prod. IX. 345; Hallier f. Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XVI. 556; XVIII. 153. C. Rorburghii, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV-

263. Convolvulus aculeatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 155. C. bona-nox

320 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

Spreng. Syst. I. 600. C. grandiflorus, Linn. f. Suppl. 1386; Willd. Sp.

Pl. I. 2. 859; Pers. Synops. I. 179; Wall. Cat. 1370. C. latiflorus,

Desr. in Lamk Encye. Meth. III. 561. Ipomea bona-nox, Linn. Sp. Pl.

ed. II. 228; Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 217; Bl. Bijdr. II. 712; Kurz

For. Fl. Burm. II. 217; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 197.

I. grandiflora, Lamk Tll. I. 467, and Encye. Meth. III. 16; Roem. &

Schult. Syst. IV. 240; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 14, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey &

Wall. IT. 87, and Flor. Ind. I. 497. J. Roxburghwi, Steud. Nomencl. ed.

II. 1, 819. I. noctrflora, Griff. Not. IV. 286.

PENANG: cultivated, Haller. Sinaapore: S. Mayer 211.—Distr1s.

Throughout the tropics; possibly not truly wild in our area.

17. AreyretA, Lour.

Climbing rarely sub-erect shrubs. eaves cordate to lanceolate,

pubescent or silky. lowers axillary, usually in many-flowered cymes,

often sub-capitate ; bracts often conspicuous. Sepals 5, herbaceous in

flower ; in fruit leathery but little enlarged; often red within. Corolla

funnel-shaped, rose-purple, tube more or less hirsute externally ; limb

plicate, shortly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, included; anthers oblong, straight.

Disk annular. Ovary 4-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma

2-globose. Frwit a hard dry berry. Seeds 4 or fewer, embedded in a

mealy pulp.—Distris. Species about 30,in the tropics of the Old World

chiefly, and mostly in §.H. Asia and Polynesia.

ARGYREIA OBTUSIFOLIA, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 135. A large

climber. Leaves elliptic or oblong, acute or obtuse, with or without a

sub-mucronate tip, base cuneate or occasionally rounded, upper surface

pilose, under surface silky strigose, nerves 9 to 11 pairs, often rather

distinct beneath, very oblique even in wide-leaved plants; length 5 in.,

breadth 1:5 to 3 in.; petiole -6 to ‘8 in., very rarely 1 to 15 in. long.

Flowers axillary; peduncles usually short, ‘6 to 1 in., but occasionally

1-5 to 3 in. long; cymes sub-capitate, the pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long;

bracts ovate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, caducous. Sepals 5, ovate-obtuse, °25 in.

long, densely silky-strigose externally, sub-patent in fruit, pale red

within. Corolla 1:5 in. long, tubular-campanulate, densely uniformly

hirsute. externally. Capsule -4 in. in diam., globose, pericarp chayr-

taceous, pink. Seeds finely grey-velvety, hemispheric, -2 in. in diam.

Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 333. Convolvulus obtectus, Wall. Cat. 1416.

Rivea ? obtecta, Choisy, Convolv. Or. 28, and in DC. Prod. IX. 326.

Argyreia Champtom, Benth. Fl. Hongkong, 236. <A. obtecta, Clarke

in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 186. Lettsomia Champion, Benth. &

Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ITI. 869. ;

Perak: Scortechint 13884! Kepan: Langkawi, Curtis 2852!— —

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 321

Distris. Indo-China, from the Andamans and Tenasserim to Cochin

China, Hongkong.

The two varieties distinguished in the Flora of British India can no longer be

maintained in view of the large suites of specimens reported of late years from the

Andamans, where the species is exceedingly common.

18. Letrtsomria, Roxb.

Scandent, more or less hirsute or strigose shrubs. Leaves cordate

rounded or truncate. Flowers in axillary, peduncled, corymbose or

capitate cymes; bracts conspicuous. Sepals 5, orbicular or elliptic ;

somewhat thickened and coriaceous in fruit. Corolla usually pink ; tube

infundibuliform-campanulate; limb plicate, very shortly 5-lobed.

Stamens 5, exserted or included; anthers oblong or linear, straight. Disk

annular or cupular. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 4; style filiform; stigma

2-globose. Frwit a dry berry. Seeds 4 or fewer, embedded in a

mealy pulp.—Distris. Species about 40, in tropical Africa and 8.H.

Asia.

There is not, as the writer has already explained (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 91),

any very good reason for retaining Lettsomia as a genus apart from Argyreia. In

Argyreia the ovary is completely 4-celled; in Lettsomia it is 2-celled, but not infre-

quently a partial dissepiment of smaller or larger size is to be found at the base of,

sometimes half-way up, the cell.

Capsule chartaceous; seeds usually 4, only casually fewer;

leaves cordate, softly hairy; cymes capitate; bracts large,

elliptic-oblong, sub-persistent . XL. L. peguensis.

Capsule coriaceous or sometimes pomenhed fleshy ; aesils aansilly '

1, only casually 2 :—

Cymes compact; bracts large, persistent :—

Cymes capitate, globose; bracts purple, large, orbicular-

obtuse; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sparingly adpressed-hirsute 2. L. spherocephala.

Cymes sub-capitate, hardly globose ; bracts ovate or ovate-

lanceolate, acute; leaves ovate or elliptic, base rounded or

shortly cuneate :—

Corolla 2°25 in. long; leaves chartaceous, glabrous

and shining above, a few hairs on petiole and midrib

beneath .. . 38. L. Maingayi.

Corolla 1-25 in. long ; iene deme pleco not athiating

above, hirsute beneath :—

Leaves hirsute, more especially on the nerves, beneath ;

petioles sparingly hairy .. 4 L. Ridleyt.

Leaves densely hirsute eneain peroueHorte petioles (4a. L. Ridleyi,

densely hairy VAR. velutina.

Cymes lax; bracts small, rarely He a ore foliaceous

bract in a eyme, and usually caducous :—

Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute, spreading or sub-

reflexed in fruit; bracts lanceolate, occasionally one

large and leaf- ilk ; leaves irik softly nO on both

surfaces .. oe : . .. 95. L. adpressa.

322 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Sepals ovate or orbicular, obtuse or rarely some of them

emarginate; bracts minute, usually caducous; leaves

glabrous above :—

Sepals irregular, the three outer entire rounded,

sparingly hairy, the two inner wider deeply emarginate,

all closely embracing the base of the fruit; leaves

elliptic shortly acuminate, sparingly adpressed-pubescent

beneath .. ve .. 6. L. Curtisit.

Sepals regular or sens so, all anti: —

Corolla 1:5 to 1°75 in. long :—

Sepals sub-equal, at length almost glabrous and

somewhat spreading in fruit; leaves elliptic-oblong,

chartaceous, glabrous or very sparingly pubescent

beneath . 7. L. penangiana.

Sepals sania paptesed grey- eoutencent oe

side, the inner rather larger than the outer, closely

embracing the base of the fruit; leaves ovate-acute,

firm, sparsely hirsute with rusty hairs beneath .. 8. L. Scortechinii.

Corolla -5 to ‘75 in. long; leaves elliptic acuminate;

sepals closely embracing the base of the fruit :—

Leaves densely tawny-tomentose beneath; sepals

all softly tawny-velvety, the inner rather the

smaller; corolla :75 in. long . 9. L. rubicunda.

Leaves sparingly strigose-hirsute enentlh Ferale

sub-equal, the outer pubescent, the inner at length

almost glabrous .. ie 50 .. 10. L. Kunstleri.

1. LeTTSoMIA PEGUENSIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 193.

A large climber, sometimes 50 feet long, with villous stems and

branches. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate or sub-orbicular, apex acute,

base cordate; both surfaces densely softly hairy, tomentum fulvous but

not acicular; length 4 to 6 in., width 1°5 to 3:5, rarely 5 to 6 in.; petiole

1:5 to 4in. long. Flowers in axillary capitate cymes; peduncles 5 to

9 in. long; bracts sub-persistent, densely softly hairy, elliptic-oblong,

1 in. long. Sepals 5, the outer elliptic acute, rather larger than the

inner lanceolate, densely hispid; ‘5 to ‘7 in. long. Corolla infundi-

buliform-campanulate, softly sparsely hairy externally, 2 in. long; limb

and upper two-thirds of tube bright pink, base of tube nearly or quite

white. Berry when ripe glossy brown, sub-globose, thin-walled, :25 in.

across. Seeds usually 2 or 4. Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,

94. L. strigosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 13, ex Wall. Cat. sub. n. 1404. L.

capitata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 591. Argyreia capitata, Choisy in

DC. Prod. IX. 332, partly and excluding var. fp. conferta: Kurz For.

Flor. Burm, II. 216 mainly. Convolvulus strigosus, Wall. Cat. 1365/2,

1365/c, and 1365/n partly. C. barbiger, Wall. Cat. 1404/1, 1404/2 in

part. Argyreia barbigera, Choisy Convoly. Or. 42, and in DC. Prod.

IX. 332.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 323

Perak: Batu Kuran, Scortechini 1628! near Goping, King’s

Collector 1077! Larut, King’s Collector 2622! near Ulu Kerling, King’s

Collector 8627! Penane: Bateh Pulo, Deschamps ! SELANGOR: Woods

at Gua Batu, Ridley 8210! 8227! 10194!—Distrip. Burma, Tenas-

serim, Sumatra, Java.

Probably only a geographical form of Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb., which is widespread

in Indo-China and extends to S. China.

2. LETTSOMIA SPHHROCEPHALA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

UXXITT. 2,19. A shrubby climber; branches irregularly angled, with

ridged bark brownish on young shoots, pale straw-coloured on older

twigs, sparingly beset with adpressed acicular hairs. Leaves ovate-

lanceolate, apex acute, base rounded, purplish beneath, very sparingly

beset on both surfaces with adpressed hairs; length 4 to 5 in., width 1-5

to 2 in. ; petiole 1 to 1:25 in., sparsely pubescent above with adpressed

hairs. Flowers in compact capitate globose cymes 1°5 to 2 in. across, on

long slender peduncles 2 to 12 in. long, sparingly adpressed-pubescent,

surrounded by large orbicular purple involucrant sessile bracts 1:5 in.

across, sparsely hirsute externally, quite glabrous internally, the indi-

vidual flowers enveloped in similar but smaller sub-orbicular to spathu-

late bracteoles -5 in. long, ‘25 to ‘5 in. wide; pedicels short adpressed-

setose. Sepals glabrous externally except at their setose apices, the

outer sub-acute, the inner wider obtuse -25 in. long. Corolla °75 to 1 in.

long, infundibuliform-campanulate, pink, softly adpressed-hirsute exter-

nally. Berry not seen. Argyreia spherocephala, Prain MSS.

Perak: Krian, Abu Salama, Gunong Haran Ryah, Scortechiu!

A very striking and remarkable species. The corollas do not appear to be full-

sized. Scortechini, on the ticket of his Gunong Haran Ryah specimens, has written

‘fruit from Maxwell’s Hill,” but unfortunately the fruiting specimens alluded to are

not at Calcutta.

3. Lettsomia Marneayi, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IY.

195. A large slender climber; branches slender or stoutish, with

spreading setulose hairs. Leaves ovate or elliptic, base rounded or very

shortly cuneate, apex acute or shortly caudate-acuminate, papery,

glabrous and shining on both surfaces except for a few hairs on the

midrib beneath; length 5 to 7 in., width 3 to 4in.; lateral nerves 5 to 7 ;

petioles -5 to 1 in. long, very sparsely setulose. Flowers in axillary

few-flowered cymes 2 to 3 in. wide; peduncles -25 to 2 in. long, rather

closely hirsute with tawny spreading hairs ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1-5

in. long, -6 in. wide, rather strongly parallel-nerved, sparingly hirsute

externally, glabrous and dark purple within; bracteoles similar but

smaller, °3 in. long. Sepals linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, *75 in.

324 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

long, beset with long setulose hairs. Corolla tubular-campanulate,

purple with whitish folds, 2°25 in. long; hairy externally. Stamens

with filaments glandular-hairy at the thickened base. Berry ellipsoid,

succulent, ‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. wide. Seed solitary.

Matacca: Griffith, Maingay, Derry 318! Goodenough 1432! Prax:

Scortechin 297 !

A very distinct species. There is no fruiting specimen in Herb. Calcutta; the above

description of the berry is taken from the Flora of British India.

4. Lerrsomia Ripueyi, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIIT. 2, 92.

A large climber; branches sparingly hirsute. Leaves elliptic-acuminate,

quite glabrous above, hirsute especially on the nerves beneath; 5:5 in.

long, 3°5 in. wide ; petiole 1 to 3 in. long, sparsely hirsute. Flowers in

compact sub-capitate 8-10-flowered cymes 1°5 in. across, surrounded by

large ovate-acute sessile foliaceous persistent bracts hirsute below, quite

glabrous above, °8 in. long, -25 in. wide; bracteoles similar but smaller,

‘3 in. long; peduncles 2 to 6 in. long, hirsute. Sepals sub-equal, ovate-

lanceolate, externally pubescent, °3 in. long. Corolla pink, infundi-

ouliform-campanulate, 1:25 in. long, tube hirsute externally. Berry

ovoid, ‘5 in. long, °3 in. in diam., the sepals spreading from its base.

JOoHORE: Kota Tinggi, Ridley 4214! Chin-chin, Lake & Kelsall !

SineaporeE: Bukit Mandai, Ridley!

Var. velutina, Prain l.c. Leaves beneath densely hirsute, as are the

petioles, pedicels, and bracts externally.

Styeapore : Bukit Mandai, Ridley!

Nearest to L. spherocephala, but distinguished by the acute bracts and bracteoles,

nd to L. Maingayi, from which it differs by the smaller flowers and shorter bracts and

sepals. Var. velutina in foliage and tomentum remarkably resembles L. rubicunda,

but the acute sepals and large persistent bracts and bracteoles amply distinguish it.

5. LetrrsomiA appressA, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IJ. 591. A scandent

shrub; branches hirsute; stems 10 to 30 feet long. Leaves elliptic,

softly hirsute on both surfaces; base rounded or cuneate, apex acute ;

length 4 to 5 in.; width 2 to 2°5 in.; petiole 1:5 in. long, softly hirsute.

Flowers in axillary few-flowered, somewhat open cymes 2 in. across ;

peduncles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, hirsute; bracts lanceolate, hirsute, -3 in.

long, ‘15 in. wide, with an occasional longer leaf-like bract ; bracteoles

small. Sepals -3 to ‘5 in. long, narrowly lanceolate, sparingly hirsute,

spreading or sub-reflexed in fruit. Corolla tubular-campanulate, dull

claret, or pale pink and white, or white with claret stripes, externally

hairy ; tube 1:25 in. long. Berry ellipsoid, -5 in. long, °3 in. wide, at first

green with a reddish tint, becoming bright pink, and at length, when

quite ripe, reddish-brown. Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IY. 196.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 325

Convolvulus adpressus, Wall. Cat. 1424. Moorcroftia adpressa, Choisy

Convoly. Or. 49, andin DC. Prod. IX. 334.

Penane: Porter! Kunstler 1324! 5271! Curtis 318! Matacca:

Maingay! Perak: Scortechint 1280! King’s Collector 2457! 5400!

Wray 1914! 3298! 3961!

6. Lerrsomia Curtisi, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 100.

A climber with brown glabrous branches. Leaves elliptic, shortly

acuminate, glabrous except for a few hairs on the midrib above,

sparingly adpressed-hirsute beneath ; length 4 to 5 in., width 2‘5«to

3 in.; petiole 2 to 3 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in axillary compound

sub-umbellate cymes, 3 in. wide, 12-16-flowered ; peduncles 4 to 10 in.

long, brown, glabrous; bracts deciduous. Sepals coriaceous, -25 in.

long, the three outer sparingly hirsute, rounded, entire, the two inner

wider, deeply emarginate, glabrous. Corolla not seen. Berry ovoid,

succulent, -75 in. long, -5 in. wide, lower third closely embraced by the

sepals.

SELANGOR: Kwala Lampar, Curtis 2158!

A very distinct species, easily differentiated by its emarginate inner sepals.

7. Lerrsomia PENANGIANA, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. III. 592. A

climber with very slender stems sometimes 100 feet long, young branches

thin, fulvous-tomentose, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves elliptic-

oblong, base rounded or cuneate, apex acute or sub-acute, papery,

medium green glabrous above, very light green and glabrous or

sparingly adpressed-pubescent and more closely hairy on the midrib

beneath ; 6 in. long, 2°5 in. wide; petiole 5 to 1 in., glabrous. lowers

in lax axillary cymes 2 to 3 in. across, the terminal flower usually

longer than the others ; peduncles slender, 2 to 6 in. long, very sparsely

hirsute, soon glabrous ; pedicels 3 to-7 in. long, slender, hirsute ; bracts

minute. Sepals ovate-obtuse, sparingly hairy and at length glabrescent,

*2 in. long, at length spreading or sub-reflexed. Corolla tubular-

campanulate, externally hirsute, bright claret or purple within, paler

without, 1°5 to 1:75 in. long. Berry ovoid, -6 in. long, °3 in. wide, rose-

pink, reddish-blue, or purple. Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

TV. 196; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2, 99. Convolvulus

penangianus, Wall. Cat. 1425. Moorcroftia penangiana, Choisy Convoly.

Or. 50, t. 4., and in DC. Prod. IX. 335.

PrenanG: Porter! Curtis 1586! PrRak: very common; Scorie-

chim 1147! Wray 2061! 2095! 2334! 2733! Curtis 2034! Derry!

King’s Collector 1936! 2048! 2574! 3223! 5339!

Var. reticulata, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,100. Leaves

thicker, secondary nerves beneath very distinct.

326 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 8544 !

The leaves of this species are very characteristically glandular-punctate beneath.

The peduncles and pedicels of var. reticulata are rather shorter than in the type and

the corolla, described by Kunstler as ‘‘ waxy white, pale blue inside,” is only two-

thirds the length and only half the width of that of L. penangiana proper. But the

leaves have the same characteristic glandular punctulation and are similarly

sparingly adpressed-pubescent beneath, while the fruit, described by Kunstler as a

rich pink, is indistinguishable from that of L. penangiana. This form, therefore,

though yery distinct, cannot yet be more than vavietally separated.

8. LetrsomiaA ScoRTECHINII, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,

98. A strong climber; stems rusty-brown, very sparingly pubescent.

Leaves ovate-acute, base rounded, firmly sub-coriaceous, very sparsely

hirsute with scattered rusty hairs beneath, glabrous above ; length 2 to

3 in., width 1 to 2 in.; petiole ‘5 to 1 in., minutely sparingly rusty-

pubescent. Flowers in open 3-8-flowered corymbose cymes 1 to 1°5 in.

across ; peduncles minutely sparingly rusty-pubescent, 2 to 5 in. long ;

bracts caducous. Sepals orbicular, minutely adpressed-grey-tomentose

externally, in flower -26 in., in fruit ‘3 in. across, the inner larger than

the outer. Corolla 1:5 in. long, infundibuliform-campanulate, pink,

densely adpressed-fulvous-tomentose on tube and bands of limb

externally. Berry sub-spherical to ellipsoid, -5 in. wide, ‘5 to °75 in.

long, the base closely embraced by the sepals.

Perak: Canfield’s Hill, 4,000 feet, Scortechini 381! Birch’s Hill,

Ridley 10681! Maxwell’s Hill, Ridley 5559 !

As in the case of L. rubicunda, one or two bracts remain on the specimens; they

are small, orbicular, -2 in. across, but it does not follow that the fallen bracts were so

small. The corollas on Scortechini’s specimens, on which the original description was

based, are about -6 in. long, but subsequent material communicated by Mr. Ridley

(Ridley 5559) shows that the flowers originally described were not fully expanded.

Another of Mr. Ridley’s specimens (10681) proves that the berry is not always sub-

spherical. The species is obviously closely allied to L. rwbicunda, but besides the

very different degree of tomentum, L. Scortechini differs from L. rubicunda in having

the inner sepals distinctly larger, instead of smaller, than the outer.

9. LETTSOMIA RUBICUNDA, Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV.

195. An extensive climber ; stems fulvous-tomentose. Leaves elliptic,

shortly abruptly acuminate or acute, base rounded, sub-coriaceous,

densely tawny-tomentose beneath, glabrous above; length 5 to 7 in.,

width 2 to 4 in.; petiole tawny-tomentose, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in

open many-flowered corymbose cymes, 2 to 4 in. across; peduncles

tawny-tomentose, 3°5 to 7 in. long; bracts caducous. Sepals orbicular,

obtuse, softly tawny-velvety, in flower °2 in., in fruit °3 in. across, the

inner rather smaller. Corolla ‘75 in. long, infundibuliform-campanu-

late, pink, densely tawny-tomentose externally. Berry ellipsoid, obtuse,

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 327

smooth, dry,°75 in. long, *3 to *5 in. wide, the base closely embraced by

the sepals. Convolvulus rubicundus, Wall. Cat. 1409. Argyreia rubi-

cunda, Choisy Convolv. Or. 44, and in DC. Prod. IX. 333.

Mauacoa: Griffith! Maimgay.—Distris. Burma.

The above description is taken from Griffith’s Malacca plant; the writer has seen

no other specimens. One or two bracts remain; they are small, -2 in. across, and

orbicular, but it does not follow that the fallen bracts were so small. There is no

perfect corolla on the specimens at Calcutta; the length of the tube given above is

derived from Mr. C. B. Clarke’s description.

10. Lerrsomia Kunstupri, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXIII. 2,

100. A slender climber, 50 to 80 feet long, young branches densely

hirsute. Leaves elliptic-acuminate, glabrous and shining above,

sparingly strigose-hirsute beneath, especially on the nerves, occasionally

the midrib above sparsely hairy ; length 3°5 to 4:5 in., width 2 to 2:5 in.;

petioles densely hirsute, 1 to 1:5 in. long. Flowers in lax axillary

12-20-flowered cymes, 2 to 3 in. across; peduncles 5 to 8 in. long,

densely hirsute; bracts hirsute, 3 in. wide; pedicels hirsute, slender,

‘0 to ‘75 in. long. Sepals orbicular, sub-equal, the three outer

pubescent, the others at length almost glabrous, 15 in. long. Corolla

white externally, bright pink or red within, externally hirsute, tubular-

campanulate, °5 in. long. Berry ovoid, ‘5 in. long, °3 in. wide, deep

glossy red.

Perak: Larut; Kota, Wray 2856! Ulu Salama, Scortechini !

Goping, Chanderiang, &c., King’s Collector, 732! 2307! 2726! 5672!

Campon Road, Ridley 9704! SLaANcor: Batu Caves, Ridley 8220 !—

Distris. Sumatra.

Order LXXXIT. SOLANACEA.

[By D. Pratn.]

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes becoming small soft-wooded trees.

Leaves alternate or at times in unequal pairs, rarely clustered, never

truly opposite, entire, lobed or pinnate; stipules 0. Inflorescence of

terminal or oftener lateral axillary or extra-axillary cymes, or of

solitary or clustered pedicels, without bracts or bracteoles. Flowers

regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, lobes or teeth

usually 5, rare 4 or 6 to 10; usually persistent, sometimes enlarged in

fruit. Corolla gamosepalous 5-lobed or rarely (Datura) 10-lobed or

with limb sub-entire; narrow-campanulate to rotate. Stamens 5,

epipetalous ; anthers oblong or narrow-ovate ; cells parallel, dehiscing

by apical pores or longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled or imperfectly

328 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1-celled by abortion, or 4-celled by subsequent development of accessory

dissepiments ; style linear; stigma capitate or shortly lobed; ovules

indefinite, on peltate intruded placentas. wt indehiscent, berry-like

or capsular and opening by valvular or circumscissile dehiscence ;

usually 2-celled, rarely 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds compressed,

disc-like or sub-reniform with embryo peripheric; occasionally (Nico-

tiana) hardly compressed and with embryo straight.—DistTRis. Species

about 1,300, throughout tropical and sub-tropical countries.

Fruits berry-like, 2-celled, indehiscent; seeds compressed and em-

bedded in pulp :—

Anthers opening by 2 smail pores at the tips; fruits Sain (in

S. Melongena sometimes elongated) 06 : .. 1. Sonanum.

Anthers dehiscing throughout longitudinally :—

Calyx in fruit small, fruits usually elongated a .. 2. Capsicum.

Calyx in fruit enlarging and enveloping the globose berry .. 38. PHysaLis.

Fruits capsular :—

Capsules 4-celled and 4-valved, or sometimes hardly dehiscing ;

seeds compressed; flowers solitary 4, DatuRA.

Capsules 2-celled, dehiscing freely ; seeds hendly cormnterede flares

in panicles on ae Wy ve .. 9, NIcorrana.

1. Souanum, Linn.

Armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaves alternate

or sub-opposed in unequal pairs, entire, lobed or pinnatifid. Cymes

dichotomous or racemose, lateral or terminal. Calyx usually 5-lobed,

rarely 10-lobed or sub-entire, sometimes enlarging in fruit. Corolla-

tube short, rotate or very shortly campanulate ; limb 5-lobed, plicate in

bud. Stamens 5, with short filaments, adnate to throat of corolla ;

anthers oblong, narrowed upwards so that the two cells form a cone

opening at the tip by terminal pores. Ovary 2-celled (in cultivated

forms sometimes 3-4-celled); style columnar, stigma small. Frwt

berry-like but with calyx at base, rarely overtopping it, globose or

(rarely) elongated. Seeds very numerous, disk-like ; embryo peripheric.

—Distris. Species 750, mostly tropical American, but spread

throughout all tropical and sub-tropical regions.

Unarmed herbs or shrubs :—

Flowers in extra-axillary peduncled cymes or racemes :—

Leaves glabrous or sparingly pubescent; cymes sub-um-

bellate ; calyx-teeth obtuse, 5; corolla and ovary glabrous ;

berry red or black, rarely yellow .. ve Le Sunignunt.

Leaves densely stellately woolly ; cymes Conmreece calyx-

teeth triangular, 5; corolla and ovary hairy; berry yellow 2. S. verbascifolium.

Flowers axillary, pedicels fascicled or solitary; corolla

glabrous :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 329

Calyx with a sub-entire margin; flowers white; leaves

glabrous ; epiphytic sr : .. 3. S. parasiticum.

Calyx with a distinctly 10- toothed - margin ; fereestrall —

Leaves glabrous; calyx with 5 long teeth and 5 very

short intermediate toothlets; corolla-lobes purplish ;

berry dark blue is 4. S. Blume.

Leaves usually puberulous to avieeern opel anes

glabrous ; calyx with 10 long teeth ; corolla white ; berry

yellow 5. S. biflorwm.

Armed herbs with prickly ome sie sures sadly lene

corolla pubescent externally :—

Densely stellate-tomentose throughout :—

Calyx not overtopping the berry; erect herbs or shrubs :—

Flowers white :—

Leaves very prickly especially on the nerves beneath ;

ovary hirsute ; fruit hispid with acicular hairs .. 6. S. feroz.

Leaves with very few prickles; ovary and fruit

glabrous ts AG ee -. ¢. S. torvum.

Flowers blue :—

Racemes many-flowered ; berry small, yellow, globose 8. S. indicum.

Racemes few-flowered ; berry large, purple, rarely white

or yellow, often in cultivation ellipsoid or elongate .. 9. S. Melongena.

Calyx overtopping the berry ; a spreading shrub .. 10. S. sarmentosum.

Thinly beset with minute hairs ; oe large, smooth ; calyx

very prickly .. a .. 11. S. aculeatissimum.

1. Souanum nigrum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 186. A herb or undershrub,

1 to 3 feet high; all parts sparingly pubescent or glabrous. Leaves

petioled, membranous, ovate or oblong, narrowed towards apex and base,

sinuate-toothed or -lobed ; 3 to 4 in. long, 2 in. across; green on both

surfaces; petioles 75 in. long. Flowers small, sub-umbellately clustered

on stoutish extra-axillary peduncles -35 to -75 in. long; pedicels 5 to 8

together, slender, -35 in. long. Calyx sparsely puberulous, 5-toothed ;

teeth small, ovate-oblong, -05 in. long, in fruit hardly noticeable.

Corolla white, rarely purplish, externally glabrous, °5 in. wide, rotate,

5-lobed. Ovary glabrous; style hairy at base. rw red or black,

rarely yellow, globose, -25 in. across, supported by the saucer-shaped

calyx. Seeds 05 in. in diam., almost smooth. Bl. Bijdr. 694 ;

Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 150; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 636; Kurz For.

- Flor. Burm. IT. 224; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 229. 8S. rub-

rum, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 565. 8S. triangulare, Lamk Ill. II. 18. S.

ulaginosum, Bl. Bijdr. 695. S. Fumpha, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 57.

S. rhinocerotis, Bl. Bijdr. 695.

StinaaroreE: Ridley 8084! Parax: Kota Bahru, King’s Collector

566! Anpamans: King’s Collectors! Nicopars: Kurz !—DIstTRIB.

Tropics generally.

2. SOLANUM VERBASCIFOLIUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 184. An erect unarmed

shrub, 8 to 20 feet high; all parts thickly stellate-tomentose, the

330 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

tomentum often scurfy. Leaves petioled, thickly herbaceous, ovate-

lanceolate to lanceolate, acute; base usually truncate or rounded, rarely

cuneate; 4 to 7 in. long, 3 in. across; green above, white to yellowish-

brown beneath from the scurfy tomentum ; petioles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long.

Flowers small, on thick tomentose pedicels, densely clustered in a small

tomentose corymb-like cyme on an erect sub-terminal stout peduncle

lto3in. long. Calyx densely tomentose, 5-toothed ; teeth triangular,

acute, ‘1 in. long in flower. °3 in. long in fruit; tube short. Corolla white,

externally stellate-tomentose, 6 in. across, rotate, 5-lobed ; lobes short,

ovate-oblong. Ovary hairy; style glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose,

‘4 in. wide, the lower portion embraced by the calyx-lobes. Seeds ‘12 in.

in diam., minutely dotted. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 114; Lour. Flor.

Cochin-Chin. 128; Wall. Cat. 2616; Kurz For. Flor. Il. 225; Clarke

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 230; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 640. S.

pubescens, Bl. Bijdr. 698; Roxb. Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 244

(not of Willd.).

SeLancor: Kwala Lampar, Goodenough ! Purax: King’s Collector

2069! 7177! Wray 2357! Prnane: Deschamps! Kepan: King’s

Collector 1704! Nicopars: Kamorta, Jelinek! Teressa, King’s

Collectors !—Distr1e. Tropics of both hemispheres.

3. SoLANUM PARASITICUM, Bl. Bijdr. 697. An erect almost glabrous

epiphytic shrub, 2 to 4 feet high. Leaves short-petioled, rather firmly

membranous, lanceolate-acuminate, narrowed towards apex and base,

entire ; 6 to Sin. long, 1:5 to 2 in. wide ; green on both surfaces, minutely

setulose above when young, glabrous beneath; petiole -25 to 35 in.

long. Flowers small, clustered in an axillary fascicle of 2 to 7 together

or sometimes solitary, on slender somewhat rigid glabrous pedicels -6 to

‘8 in. long. Calyx glabrous, small, the margin in flower sinuate

representing either 5 or 10 teeth at most only 1 in. long; in fruit

slightly enlarged, saucer-shaped, the margin quite entire. Corolla

white, glabrous externally, 5-lobed, rotate; -25 in. across. Ovary and

style glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose, ‘25 in. in diam., resting on the

saucer-shaped calyx. Seeds -06 in. in diam., smooth. Nees Trans.

Linn. Soc. XVIT. 45; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 641.

Perak: Larut, on trees, rather plentiful, Wray! Scortechint! King’s

Collector !—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

Near S. subtruncatum but always epiphytic, and with an even more markedly

truncate calyx-limb than in that species.

4, Souanum Buumer Nees ex Bl. in Bijdr. 696. An erect quite

glabrous shrub, 3 to 4 feet high, with spreading branches. Leaves

towards top in pairs from one node, usually one smaller, elliptic-

acuminate at both ends, bases unequal ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 331

rather firmly membranous ; lateral nerves 6 to 7 pairs; petiole ‘3 in.

long. Flowers in clusters of 2 to 9, rarely solitary, axillary; pedicels

slender, in flower deflexed, in fruit spreading, :75 in. long, thickened

upwards. Calyx glabrous, limb sub-truncate. with 5 subulate, and 5

intervening minute teeth, the longer series -2 to ‘25 in. long. Corolla

with white tube and 5 purplish narrow-ovate lobes, -3 in. across.

Ovary and style glabrous. Fruit globose, dark blue, :25 in. in diam.,

resting on the saucer-shaped calyx with persisting teeth. Seeds -09 in.

in diam., almost smooth. Nees Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 45; Dun. in

DC. Prod. XIII. 180; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 642.

SELANGOR: Fiidley! Prurax: Larut, King’s Collector! Wray!

Curtis! Ridley! Scortechini! Gunong Panti, Kunstler !—Disrris.

Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

The commonest Solanwn of its group in our area. It has been suggested by

Clarke that there is little to separate this form specifically from S. subtruncatum; this

is true, but there seems equally little to separate it specifically from S. biflorum. Its

glabrous condition, however, at once distinguishes it from both as, if not a species, at

least a very marked form.

). SOLANUM BIFLORUM, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 129. An erect

more or less pubescent shrub, 3 to 6 feet high; the young shoots often

flocculose. Leaves membranous, elliptic or oblong, acuminate, base

narrow-cuneate, entire; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 1:75 in. wide; green on

both sides, setulose-pubescent, rarely glabrescent with age; petiole ‘7 in.

long. Flowers small, clustered in axillary fascicles of 2 to 6 together,

or solitary ; pedicels slender, ‘65 in. long. Calyx setulose-pubescent,

the margin usually 10-toothed rarely 7—9-toothed; teeth narrowly

lanceolate, setulose, 15 in. long. Corolla white, externally glabrous,

rotate, 5-lobed, ‘25 in. across. Ovary and style glabrous. Frwit

globose, yellow, °25 in. in diam., resting on the saucer-shaped calyx

with persisting teeth. Seeds lin. in diam., almost smooth. Dun. in

DC. Prod. XIII. 178; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. II. 224; Clarke in Hook

f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 232. 8S. decemdentatwm, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 16,

and Flor. Ind. I. 565; Wall. Cat. 2614; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 643.

S. mollissimum, Bl. Bijdr. 698. S. decemfidum, Nees Trans. Linn.

soc. XVII. 43. S. Zollingert, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 176.

Manacea: Griffith! Stnearore: Wallich (fide Clarke).—DIsTRIB.

Throughout Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago.

Though so plentiful in the countries both south and north of the Malay Peninsula,

this seems very rare in our area where S. Bluwmei appears to replace it.

6. Sotanum FEROX, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 267. An erect prickly

shrub, 3 to 10 feet high, with a short soft-wooded trunk 2 to 3 in. thick ;

332 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

all the younger parts thickly covered with a brownish soft tomentum

intermixed with many sharp compressed brownish prickles of unequal

size. Leaves usually sub-opposite, membranous, ovate to nearly

orbicular with irregular short triangular acute or blunt lobes; 5 to 9 in.

long, 3 to 6 in. wide, the lobes often 1 in. deep; green above, brownish

from the tawny tomentum beneath, sparingly beset on midrib and

nerves with long compressed prickles; petioles -5 to 2°5 in. long,

prickly. Flowers large, on thickish pedicels clustered in few-flowered

sub-umbellate short-peduncled racemes set close below the leaves;

peduncles and pedicels densely stellate-tomentose and beset with long

acicular hairs. Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, densely hirsute, some-

times prickly; lobes ovate-acute, -25 in. long. Corolla white, densely

tomentose externally, nearly 1 in. across; lobes oblong-acute. Ovary

hairy. rt yellow, globose, 1 in. in diam., hispid with acicular hairs,

much exceeding the hardly altered calyx. Seeds -12 in. in diam., very

slightly scrobiculate. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 255; Kurz For. FI.

Burm. IT. 226 (excel. var. 3); Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 646; Clarke in

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 233. S. lasiocarpum, Bl. Bijdr. 701; Wall.

Cat. 2623; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 252. 8S. jorsutwm, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 17, and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 253. 8S. stramomfoliwm,

Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 252 (not of Jacq., nor of Wall., nor of Roxb.).

Penane: Wallich ! Purax: Sungah Ryah, Kunstler 1022! Gunong

Mesah, King’s Collector 1026! Stinaapore: Wallich! AnpAmaAns: Port

Blair, plentiful. Nicopars: Nancowry, King’s Collector !—DistTR1B.

India, Indo-China, S. China, Sumatra, Java.

7. SoLANUM ToRvuM, Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 47. An erect

sparingly armed shrubby perennial, 3 to 6, or at times even 8 to 12 feet

high; all parts shortly and sparsely stellate-pubescent, with but few

compressed sharp scattered prickles. Leaves usually sub-opposite,

membranous, ovate, shortly acuminate, sinuate or lobed, the lobes

obtuse or acute, the base truncate very unequal ; 2 to 4 in. long, 15 to

3 in. across; rather sparingly pubescent above, more closely sometimes

scurfily pubescent beneath; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Flowers medium,

in lateral usually extra-axillary corymbose cymes with short pubescent

peduncles; pedicels slender, -3 to -4 in. long, pubescent. Calyx

sparsely pubescent, 5-toothed, -25 in. long, without prickles, the teeth

ovate-lanceolate acute, -1 in. long, not enlarging in fruit. Corolla

white, externally stellate-pubescent, °5 in. across, rotate, 5-lobed, the

lobes ‘3 in. long, lanceolate-acuminate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit yellow,

supported by the calyx which becomes glabrous in fruit, globular, °4 in.

across. Seeds -2 in. in diam., compressed, minutely granular. Dun.

in DC. Prod. XIII. 260; Wight Ic. t. 345; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 333

648; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 234. SS. stramonfoliwm,

Roxb, Flor. Ind. I. 572.

Penane: Wallich! Deschamps! Ridley! Mauacoa: Griffith !

Parak: King’s Collector 1085! Scortechint 60! Sincapore: Schom-

burgk ! Hullett! Kunstler 99! Ridley! ANDAMANS: very common.—

Distris. Malayan Archipelago, Indo-China, Philippines, China, India,

Tropical America.

This is often exceedingly like the next species, S. indicum, but is easily dis-

tinguished by its white flowers and its considerably larger fruits.

8. SouaANuM inpDicum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 187 partly; Nees in Trans.

Linn. Soe. XVII. 55. An erect, armed, branching shrub, 4 to 8 feet

high ; all young parts thickly covered with a short stellate tomentum,

with broad, compressed, sharp, slightly recurved prickles. Leaves

membranous or thinly herbaceous, ovate, sinuately lobed, the lobes

obtuse or acute, the base obliquely truncate; 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 to

2 in. wide; above minutely tomentose, green; grey from the denser

tomentum beneath; petioles -5 to 1 in. long. Flowers medium, in

lateral or spuriously terminal racemes about 2°5 to 3 in. long; pedicels

‘2 to -3 in. long, sometimes prickly and grey stellate-pubescent,

as are the peduncles. Calyx grey stellate-pubescent, 6-toothed,

‘25 in. long, prickly or not; the teeth lanceolate-acute, hardly

enlarging in fruit. Corolla blue, externally stellate-pubescent,

‘OD in across, rotate, 5-lobed, the lobes -35 in. long. Ovary glabrous.

Fruit yellow or orange, small, supported by the hardly altered calyx,

globose, -25 in. in diam. Seeds ‘15 in. in diam., minutely dotted.

Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 131; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 570; Wall. Cat.

2626; Wight, Ic. t. 346; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 309; Mig. Flor.

Ind. Bat. II. 651; Kurz For. Fl. Burm. II. 226; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 234. S. violacewm, Jacq. Fragm. 82, t. 133, f. 1 (not of

R. Br.). S. cuneatum, Moench Meth. n. 476; Poir. Suppl. III. 743. S.

canescens, Bl. Bijdr. 701. S. Junghuhni, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 649.

Penane: Wallich! Srwancor: King’s Collector 363! Prax:

Wray 3077! Anpamans: Prain !—DistR1B. Throughout §.E. Asia.

This species often is very like S. torvum; it is readily distinguished by its usually,

though not invariably, more numerous prickles, by its blue flowers, and its smaller

fruits.

9. Souanum Mernonaena, Linn. Sp. Pl. 186. A stout erect, sparingly

armed herb, 2 to 8 feet high; all the younger parts covered with a grey

soft tomentum. Leaves membranous, ovate or oblong, irregularly

sinuately lobed; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 4 in. wide; green above, stellately

pubescent beneath with a few prickles on the nerves or sometimes

334 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

quite unarmed; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers large, on extra-axillary

often paired peduncles, one peduncle with a solitary perfect flower the

other with a few-flowered raceme of male flowers; peduncles stellate-

tomentose, very rarely prickly. Calyx shortly funnel-shaped, densely

pubescent; lobes oblong-acute ; -25 to ‘35 in. long, enlarging slightly in

fruit, usually armed. Corolla blue, externally pubescent, 1 to 1:25 in.

across, 5-lobed, lobes oblong-acute, short. Ovary glabrous; style

stellate-pubescent or at times glabrous. Fruit large, ovoid, obovoid,

ellipsoid, or cylindric; usually dark purple, often with white spots or

streaks, sometimes uniformly white or yellowish, always glabrous,

sometimes as much as 6 in. long and always much longer than the

calyx. Seeds -12 in. in diam., slightly scrobiculate. Lour. Flor. Cochin-

Chin. 130; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 566; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 653; Clarke

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 235. S. insanwm, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 568.

S. undatum, Lamk Encye. IV. 301; Bl. Bijdr. 700. 8S. longum, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 16, and Flor. Ind. I. 567. 8. psewdo-wndatwm, Bl. Bijdr.

699. S. ovigerwm, Bl. Bijdr. 698. 8S. Trongum, Lamk Encye. IV. 308.

S. ferox var. Trongum, Kurz For. Flor. Burm. IT. 226.

In all the provinces, cultivated ; occasionally also as an escape from

cultivation or sub-feral (e.g., at Trang, King’s Collector 1416!)

The Egg-Plant, or Brinjal, largely cultivated in all warm countries; originally

American. As an escape this species tends to become more prickly and to have 3 to 4

fruits on the peduncle, owing to the males being replaced by perfect flowers. In such

cases the fruits are much smaller and often approach, or sometimes even attain a

globose form.

10. Souanum sARMENTOSUM, Nees Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 58. A

straggling prickly shrub with procumbent zigzag branches, 2 to 3 feet

long; all parts sparsely hairy and covered with long, straight, sharp

prickles. Leaves membranous, broadly elliptic, sub-pinnatifid, lobes

obtuse, sub-glabrescent above, sparsely stellately pubescent and prickly

beneath ; 4 in. long, 2 in. across, the lobes ‘75 in. deep; green on both

surfaces; petioles ‘6 in. long. Flowers large, with thickish pedicels

on 1-2-flowered, extra-axillary peduncles about 1 in. long, sparsely

stellate-pubescent. Calyx with very shortly funnel-shaped tube, lobes

ovate-acuminate -2 in. long, sparsely hairy and prickly, much enlarged

in fruit. Corolla blue, externally pubescent, -7 in. across; lobes

oblong-acute. Ovary glabrous. Fruit yellow, globose, glabrous, 5 in.

across, overtopped by the enlarged caudate-acuminate, adpressed,

armed calyx-lobes, ‘75 in. long and °35 in. wide. Seeds ‘12 in. in

diam., scrobiculate. Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 357; Clarke in Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 236. S. Melongena, Wall. Cat. 2628 (F. only—not

of Linn.). S. Jacquini, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 651 (not of Willd.).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 339

Penane: Wallich! Prax: Scortechiw! Matacca: Groffith.

Pananea: Ridley /—Distris. Malay Archipelago.

11. SoLANuM ACULEATISSIMUM, Jacq. Col. I. 100. An armed slender

undershrub, 2 to 3 feet high, with glabrous stems covered with very

many long, straight, slender prickles. Leaves only on the upper part of

the stems, membranous, ovate, lobed, sparsely hairy; 3 to 5 in. long.

Flowers on 1-7-flowered peduncles, that are usually only 1-fruited ;

peduneles in fruit ‘75 in. long. Calyx even in fruit small, under 25 in.

long, very prickly. Frwt globose, 1:25 in. across, smooth. Seeds

‘2 in. in diam., extremely compressed, almost winged. Jacq. Icon.

I. t. 41; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 237. S. acuwleatissinuum

var.? denudatwm, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 244.

SINGAPORE: G. Thomson.

This is not in Herb. Calcutta. The above meagre description is taken from the

accounts of Dunal in the Prodromus, and of Clarke in the Flora of British India. The

specimen to which Clarke refers is one of the ‘“‘ varieties” of Dunal, not the true

S. aculeatissimum of Jacquin, and Dunal himself was not satisfied that it is to

Jacquin’s species of this name that the variety should be referred. As it has not again

been reported, it is possible we may have here to deal with an unusual state of some

casually introduced and perhaps well-known American species.

2. Capsicum, Linn,

Unarmed annual or perennial, glabrous or glabrescent herbs or

shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or repand. lowers axillary, solitary

or several together. Calyx campanulate, minutely 5-toothed, not

enlarging in fruit. Corolla-twbhe short, rotate, limb 5-lobed, valvate in

bud. Stamens 5, adnate near base of corolla; anthers oblong, not

longer than filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled, rarely

3-celled ; style columnar, stigma small. rut resembling a berry, but

with the calyx at its base; elongated or (rarely) globose. Seeds very

numerous, disk-like ; embryo peripheric.—Distris. Species 2 or more,

natives of America. —

The number of species is doubtful, and depends on the point of view of the reviewer

with regard to the many more or less distinct forms assumed by the plants under

cultivation ; some writers recognise as many as 80, others claim only about 20 ; more

recent authors insist only on 2 species—a perennial (C. frutescens), and an annual

(C. annuum), both very variable. Possibly, however, there is but a single very variable

species, for in the tropics the forms of C. annwum are often not truly annual, and in

temperate regions the perennial tropical forms rarely persist for more than a season.

Pedicels solitary, variously erect or reflexed; fruits erect or spread-

ing or pendent, at least as long as, usually longer than, the

pedicels; plants annual or biennial :—

Flowers white ; berries at first green, afterwards becoming red,

orange or yellow :—

Fruit not globular :—

336 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Berries tapering, much longer than broad :—

Fruit stout, flesh thick, usually mildly pungent; calyx not

enclosing base of berry .. L. GC. annuum.

Fruit slender, flesh thin, keenly Paneente rile: enclosing Bie

base of berry VAR. acuminata.

Berries not much if at all ional fami broad, asus, Bane ;

calyx not enclosing base of berry :—

Berries circular in section, sub-conical, ovate or oblong, (annwum,

flesh thin, pungent .. a .. (var. abbreviata.

Berries swollen, irregularly pmcled in section, prismatic, (annuum,

quadrate or oblate, flesh very thick, hardly at all pungent ae grossa.

{ annuum,

it globul remel t ;

Fruit globular, extremely pungen AN, oA RO

Flowers purple; berries at first dark-purple, afterwards becoming

orange-red, much longer than broad, only slightly pungent; calyx (annuum,

hardly enclosing base of berry .. (VAR. nigra.

Pedicels 2 or more, erect; fruit always erat, red, aheries than the

pedicels, pungent ; aiatis perennial; flowers always white or

yellowish-white :—

Berries elongated, tapering ; base embraced by the calyx .. 2. C. frutescens.

{ frutescens,

Berries globose or sub-globose; base seated on the calyx

var. baccata.

1. Capsicum annuum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 188. An erect branching or

rarely simple robust herb 2 to 3 feet high, with slightly ridged branches;

glabrous throughout. Leaves membranous, elliptic or ovate, rather

long-acuminate, base long-cuneate, prolonged as a wing on upper

part of petiole, margin entire; lamina 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in. wide,

rarely 1-5 in. wide, green on both surfaces ; petiole -25 to -6 in. long.

Flowers white or rarely (vAR. migra) purple; pedicels almost always

solitary, though casually there may be more than one in a, leaf-axil,

always drooping in flower, in fruit rigid, slightly thickened under the

enlarging calyx and variously erect, or spreading or recurved and

pendent, then -75 to he in. long. Calyx glabrous, campanulate, with

sinuate-dentate limb, -2 in. across; in fruit enlarging into a shallow cup

embracing the lower part of fruit, or saucer-shaped with the base of the

fruit resting on it, then often ‘5 in. across. Corolla rotate, -4 in.

across ; 5-lobed. Ovary glabrous. Frwit erect, straight, very variable

in shape, colour, fleshiness and pungency. Irish Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep.

IX. 65.

Var. typica. Fruit much longer than broad, stout, tapering to the

usually narrow apex; flesh thick, mildly pungent; berry resting on

the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx; colour variable.

In gardens, occasionally, usually raised from seed imported from

Europe.

This variety includes the many mild chillies which do not keep true to their

characters when their seed is collected in the tropics.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 337

Var. acuminata, Fingerhuth. Fruit much longer than broad,

slender, rarely straight, always tapering to an acute or sub-acute

apex ; flesh thin, keenly pungent; berry enclosed at the base by the

cupular calyx ; colour red or orange, or yellow. C. longum, DC. Hort.

Monsp. 86; Fingerhuth, Caps. 23, t. 6, 7; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII.

494. C. frutescens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17; Flor. Ind. I. 574; BL.

Bijdr. 704 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. LV. 239.

Cultivated in most of the provinces.

Some of the forms of this variety seem to have been evolved since the introduction

of Capsicum annuum to the Eastern Hemisphere.

Var. abbreviata, Fingerhuth. Fruit conoid, ovate or oblong, not

much longer than broad, apex usually blunt; flesh thin, pungent ;

berry resting on the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx; colour variable.

C. annuum, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 573. C. frutescens, Dun. in DC.

Prod. I. 418. Capo Molago, Rheede Hort. Malab. II. 109, t. 56.

Occasionally cultivated.

Var. grossa, Sendt. Fruit swollen, somewhat angular, prismatic or

quadrate or oblate, obtuse, hardly longer than broad; flesh thick,

hardly pungent; berry resting on the saucer-shaped fruiting calyx;

colour red. C. grosswm, Linn. Mant. 47; Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 1051;

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17; Flor. Ind. I. 574; Fingerhuth, Caps. 21;

Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 422; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 659; Clarke

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 239.

Occasionally cultivated.

Var. cerasiformis, Mill. Fruit globular, red, flesh thin, very pungent.

C. cerasiforme, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 574. C. grosswm, var. cerasiformis,

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 239.

Sometimes grown in gardens by Huropean residents.

Var. nigra. Fruit much longer than broad; flesh thin, only slightly

pungent; calyx hardly enclosing base of fruit; berry at first dark

purple, at length becoming orange-red. C. purpwrewm, Roxb. Flor.

Ind. IV. 239.

Occasionally cultivated.

2. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 189. An erect, much-branch-

ing undershrub, 2 to 4 feet high, branches angled, the smaller ones

puberulous but soon, like the leaves, becoming quite glabrous. Leaves

petioled, membranous, ovate-acute, the base short-cuneate, truncate or

rarely sub-cordate, the margins entire; lamina usually 2:5 to 4 in. long,

1°d in. wide, green on both surfaces; petiole -5 to°75 in. long. Flowers

small, white or yellowish-white ; pedicels usually 2 to 3, sometimes

4 or more together in leaf-axils, never all of the same age, drooping in

338 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flower and erect, thickened, rigid and somewhat elongated in fruit,

1 to 1:25 in. long. Calyx glabrous; limb truncate with 5 shortly pro-

jecting, spreading teeth -12in. in diam. Corolla -2 in.in diam., rotate,

5-toothed. Ovary glabrous. F'rwit erect, narrow to globose, bright red,

‘2 to 25 in. in diam. Irish Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep. IX. 97.

Var. typica. Fruits ovate or sub-cylindric, acute, -75 in. long, °2 in.

in diam. C. frutescens, Wall. Cat. 2642 B.C. C. minimum, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 17, Flor. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 261, and ed. propr. J.

574; Wall. Cat. 2641; Blanco, Flor. Filip. 133; Dun. in DC. Prod.

XITI. 415; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 659 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 239. C. fastigiatum, Bl. Bijdr. 705; Nees Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 64; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 416; Wight Ic. t. 1617; Mig. Flor.

Ind. Bat. II. 659; Bentl. & Trim. Med. PI. t. 188.

In all the provinces, cultivated and as an escape.

Var. baccata, Irish l.c. 99. Fruit elliptic-obtuse or globose, -25 to

*3 in. long, °25 in.in diam. Capsicwm baccatum, Linn. Ment. 46; Ham.

in Wall. Cat. 2644. C. angustsfoluwm, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 420.

NIcoBaRs: cultivated, Jelanek 137! 138!

3. PHysauis, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, entire sinuate or

shortly lobed. Pedicels axillary, solitary. Calyx campanulate, 5-partite

in flower, the tube much enlarged and inflated in fruit, loosely enclosing

the berry; teeth small, connivent. Corolla campanulate, yellow.

Stamens 5, attached near base of corolla; anthers oblong, shorter than

filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled; style columnar ;

stigma obscurely 2-lobed. rut berry-like, globose. Seeds few or

many, disk-like; embryo peripheric——Distris. Species about 34,

mostly tropical American.

PuHyYsALIs MinIMA, Linn. A herbaceous pubescent or glabrescent

annual, erect or with procumbent straggling branches, 6 to 15 in. high.

Leaves petioled, ovate, sinuate angular or hardly lobed; 2 in. long,

‘75 in. wide, green on both surfaces; petioles 1 in. Flowers small,

axillary, solitary; pedicels -25 to ‘5 in. Calyx hirsute or glab-

rescent ; in flower ‘1 to ‘2 in., with lanceolate lobes as long as tube, in

fruit ‘75 to 1 in., ovoid or sub-globose, 5-10-ribbed, the teeth sub-

connivent and little altered. Corolla yellow, :25 in. across, glabrous,

campanulate, 5-toothed. Ovary glabrous. Frwits yellow, globose, °5 in.

across, completely enveloped by the accrescent calyx. Seeds very many,

‘1 in. in diam., discoid, reticulated, hardly scabrous.

Var. typica; calyx not distinctly angled, all parts more or less

pubescent. P. mmma, Linn. Sp. Pl. 183; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 339

XVII. 69; Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 563; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 445;

Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 238; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. N. 664.

P. parviflora, BR. Br. Prod. 447. P. divaricata, Don Prod. 97.

P. villosa, Roth Nov. Sp. 122. P. Rothiana, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV.

677. P. Hermann, Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 444.

Perak: Scortechinn! Mauacca: Griffith! ANDAMANS: common in

waste places.—Distris. A cosmopolitan tropical weed.

Var. indica, Clarke Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 238; calyx distinctly

o-angled, all parts nearly glabrous. C. imdica, Lamk Encyc. Meth.

II. 102; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 70; Dun. in DC. Prod.

XIII. 443; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 662. P. pseudoanqulata, Bl.

Bijdr. 706; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 663. P. angulata, Griff. Notul.

IV. 96. Nicandra indica, Roem. & Schult. Syst. IV. 632.

Perak: Kota Bahru, Kunstler, 568! Ipoh, Curtis 3190! Prnane:

Deschamps! common. Senancor: Aidley 10548! Nicosars: coasts,

common.—Distris. India generally.

The Cape Gooseberry, or Winter Cherry (Physalis peruviana), is cultivated in

European gardens in the cold weather.

4. Datura, Linn.

Suffruticose, rank-smelling, glabrous or minutely pubescent herbs.

Leaves large, entire, sinuate or deeply toothed. Pedicels solitary,

flowers very large, purple or white. Calyx long-tubular, herbaceous,

apex d-toothed ; in fruit circumscissile above the base. Corolla nay-

rowly tubular-funnel-shaped; throat widened, limb plaited, entire

or shortly lobed. Stamens attached near base of tube, filaments fili-

form; anthers included, linear, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary

2-celled, or 4-celled by the formation of spurious dissepiments ;

style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, ellipsoid, 4-celled,

spinous, more or less completely 4-valved. Seeds very many, com-

pressed, rugose ; embryo peripheric.—Distris. Species 10, temperate

and tropical.

Datura Fastuosa, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 932. A coarse annual, 3 to

8 feet high, all parts glabrescent or very faintly puberulous. Leaves

petioled, membranous, ovate, entire or deeply toothed, glabrous, green ;

6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. across, base unequal; petioles lin. Flowers

very large, solitary, pedicels -25 to 5 in., erect in flower, recurved in

fruit. Calyx tubular, 2-5 to 3 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, lobes lanceolate,

*25in. long. Corolla purple or white, 7 in. long, base ‘5, throat 1:5, limb

3 to 5 in. in diam., shortly 5-6-toothed. Ovary glabrous. Capsules

sub-globose, 4-celled, equally spinous on all sides, irregularly dehiscent

340 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

near apex, supported by the persistent base of calyx; 1:25 to 1°5 in. in

diam. Seeds ‘25 in. diam.

Var. typica; corolla purple. D. fastwosa, Linn. Syst. ed. X. 932 ;.

Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 561; Wall. Cat. 2638; Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII. 74; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 542; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT.

669 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 242. D. Hummatu, Bernh.

in Linn. Litteraturber. (1883) 141.

Var. alba, Clarke in Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 248; corolla white or

cream-coloured. D. alba, Nees in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 73; Wight.

Ic. t. 852; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 542; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 667..

D. Metel, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 561; Wall. Cat. 2639 (mot of Linn.).

Perak: Larut, Scortechint! Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector! Sinea-

PORE: Hullett /—Distrisp. ‘Tropical Africa, 8.H. Asia.

The purple-flowered variety has not been sent to Calcutta from any of the provinces..

Kunstler says that the white one is ‘‘ not native ” in Perak.

5. Nicotiana, Linn.

Erect, viscid-pubescent herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves entire or

sinuate. Facemes paniculate, terminal or sub-terminal. Calyx tubular

or ovoid, 5-fid. Corolla funnel-shaped; lobes 5, induplicate in bud.

Stamens attached to lower part of corolla-tube, filaments filiform ;.

anthers ovate, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform ;.

stigma shortly 2-fid. rut a capsule, 2-celled, or rarely spuriously

almost 4-celled ; valves separating to their middle, often again splitting,

Seeds very many, small, scarcely compressed; embryo nearly straight.

—Distris. Species about 35; American, Australian, Polynesian.

Nicotiana Tapacum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 180. A herb 2 to 3 feet high

branching upwards, all parts glandular-pubescent. Leaves large, sessile:

or sub-amplexicaul, ovate-lanceolate, acute, the lower decurrent; 4 to

8 in. (the lower sometimes 12 to 15 in. long) by 2 to 3 in. across;

tapering to the cuneate base. Flowers large, in compound corymbs with

short ultimate bracteate branchlets. Calyx campanulate, ‘5 in. long,

‘3 in. wide, teeth 5, triangular-lanceolate, -2 in. long. Corolla pink or

pale-rose, linear-funnel-shaped, 1°75 to 2 in. long, limb 1 in. across,

lobes spreading ovate, sub-acuminate. Capsule ovate, ‘75 in. long,

‘5 in. in diam., slightly exceeding calyx. Seeds small. Gaertn. Fruct.

I. 264, t. 55; Lamk Il. t. 113; Dun. in DC. Prod. XIII. 557; Mig.

Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 670; Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 245.

In all the provinces, cultivated.

A native of America, cultivated in all warm countries. The common

Tobacco.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 341

Order LXXXITI. SCROPHULARIACEA.

[By D. Prar.]

Herbs or shrubs, occasionally epiphytic, sometimes semi-parasitic.

Leaves all or only the lower opposite, rarely all alternate or whorled,

occasionally all radical, sub-rosulate; stipules 0. Flowers hermaphro-

dite, usually irregular ; inflorescence centripetal or composite. Calyx

inferior, 5-, rarely 4-lobed or -partite. Corolla hypogynous, more or

less 2-lipped or occasionally personate ; upper lip entire or 2-lobed,

lower 3-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4, didynamous or rarely

sub-equal, occasionally only 2, very rarely 5; anthers 2-celled, cells

distinct or apically or entirely confluent, or 1-celled by abortion, often

when stamens didynamous with anthers connivent and sometimes with

their apices connate in a posterior and an anterior pair. Disk annular,

cupular, or glandular. Ovary superior, 2-celled; ovules usually

numerous in each cell, anatropous or amphitropous; style simple;

stigma capitate or dilated, simple; occasionally 2-lobed or 2-lamellate.

Fruit usually a capsule, rarely a berry; placentas sometimes persistent

on a central axis, at others attached to margins of valves. Seeds small

with a lateral or ventral hilum ; albumen fleshy, rarely absent ; embryo

straight or curved.—Distris. Species 2,000 or more, in all regions.

Angelonia grandifiora, C. Morr., an American species, has become naturalised as.

an escape from gardens in Selangor (Goodenough in Herb. Ridley 10486) ; it has long

been similarly naturalised in Tenasserim and the Irawadi Delta, and has more

recently become established in the Gangetic Delta.

Corolla with upper lip or two upper lobes outmost in bud :—

Stamens 4, fertile :—

All 4 filaments inserted within corolla-tube :—

Trees or epiphytes a s 5.2 .- 1. WiGHTIA.

Herbs :—

Throat of corolla plicate, forming a 2-lobed palate; anther-

cells contiguous, divaricate Ae ar .. 2. Mazus.

Throat of corolla not plicate :—

Anther-cells discrete, stipitate; corolla distinctly 2-

lipped :—

Upper lobe of calyx distinctly exceeding the others;

2 or sometimes all the anthers with one cellimperfect 3. ADENosMA.

Upper lobe of calyx hardly if at all exceeding the

others; all 4 stamens with perfect anthers .. 4, Lrropurma.

Anther-cells contiguous; lateral calyx-lobes sal

narrower than the other three; corolla sub-equally

5-lobed . : 5. HERPESTIS.

Only 2 peers filaments ceamad sie aslo tube ; the

anterior pair inserted on corolla-throat :—

Calyx with 3 to 5 distinct ridges or wings ae .. 6. ToRENra.

342 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx without wings or ridges :-—

Calyx-segments narrow ae ig .. 7. VANDELLIA.

Calyx-segments broad 56 .. 8. ARTANEMA.

Stamens only 2 posterior fertile, inserted within corollas -tube ;

anterior pair reduced to staminodes on corolla-throat :—

Calyx 4-lobed, the outer lobes very broad se .. 9. CURANGA.

Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes all narrow .. .. 10. Bownnaya.

Corolla with upper lip or 2 upper lobes inmost in “imule ; rarely

lobes imbxicate :-—

Corolla-tube very short; lobes 4, sub-equal, imbricate; stamens

4, sub-equal a8 ae .. 11. Scoparta.

Corolla-tube elongated ; lone 5, 2- leaner —

Calyx tubular, 5-lobed ee se BG .. 12. Srriea.

Calyx spathaceous, split in front a0 fe .. 13. CENTRANTHERA.

1. Wieutia, Wall.

Large epiphytic climbers, eventually becoming trees. Leaves mostly

or all opposite, quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers in usually axillary,

often thyrsoid racemes; large, rosy or purple, pubescent. Calyx cam-

panulate, irregularly 3-5-lobed. Corolla-tube incurved, upper lip erect,

2-lobed, lower spreading, 3-fid. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending,

exserted ; anthers oblong, sagittate, cells parallel. Style long, tip

incurved; stigma simple. Capsule oblong-ovoid, septicidal, many-

seeded, valves long, separating from the placentiferous axis, which is

2-partite or entire. Seeds linear, ascending, nucleus slender, testa

membranous, broadly winged all round; albumen 0; embryo straight.

—Distris. Species 3, all 8.H. Asiatic.

The species of this genus exhibit the primarily epiphytic but subsequently arboreal

habit characteristic of many species of Ficus. Though often loosely spoken of as

parasites, and though, as a matter of fact, they frequently strangle the trees on which

they become established, epiphytes of this class are not parasites in the physiological

sense.

WIGHTIA BORNEENSIS, Hook. f. in Ic. Plant. XV. 35, #. 1444

(1883). A tree, 20 feet in height and upwards, commencing life as an

epiphyte and flowering most freely in that condition. Leaves opposite, |

thinly coriaceous, glabrous as are the lenticellate branchlets, drying

brown, margin entire, outline elliptic, apex obtusely acuminate, base

cuneate, narrowed to the petiole, main-nerves 2-3-jugate; length 3 to

4 in., breadth 1-25 to 1°75 in.; petiole :75 in. long. Flowers opposite or

whorled on the rachis of axillary or terminal racemes, pedicels slender,

rigid, spreading, ‘5 in. long; rachis stout, glabrous, erect, 6—10-flowered,

3 to 6 in. long. Calyx campanulate, margin entire, ‘4 in. across.

Corolla trumpet-shaped, incurved, purple, densely beset with a fine

stellate tomentum, 2 in. long, lobes rounded, throat slightly enlarged.

Stamens inserted near base of corolla; filaments slender, far-exserted ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 343

anthers sagittate. Ovary glabrous; style filiform; stigma simple.

Fruit not seen.

Perak: Larut Hill at 3,000 feet, Derry (Herb. Curtis, n. 3710) !—

Distris. Borneo.

The solitary Perak specimen agrees well with a specimen from Borneo in Herb.

Kew; as our Perak example is destitute of leaves the description of these is based on

a second Bornean example of the plant. The species is most readily distinguished

from the other two known species by its entire calyx-limb.

2. Mazus, Lour.

Small herbs, often sureulose. Leaves rosulate or opposite below,

opposite or alternate above. lowers in terminal, sub-secund racemes ;

bracts minute or 0; bracteoles 0. Calyx campanulate, 5-fid; lobes

large, leafy. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube short, upper lip erect, ovate, 2-fid;

lower longer, spreading, 3-fid; throat with a 2-lobed palate. Stamens

4, didynamous ; anther-cells contiguous, divaricate. Ovary 2-celled ;

style short; stigma 2-lamellate; ovules numerous. Capsule globose or

compressed, loculicidal, 2-valved, included. Seeds many, ovoid, very

minute.—Distris. Species about 5, Asiatic and Australian.

Mazus ruaosus, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 385. A small annual

glabrous or sparingly hirsute herb. Leaves many, radical, obovate-

spathulate, irregularly coarsely crenate, narrowed to a short petiole,

‘75 to 3 in. long. Scapes numerous from the root, 2 to 10 in. long,

leafless or with a few alternate spathulate leaves, with terminal racemes

1 to 6 in. long, the pedicels slender, :25 to ‘5 in. long, usually without

bracteoles. Calyx campanulate, -25 in. long, lobes ovate-lanceolate,

acute, half as long as tube, spreading in fruit. Corolla pale blue, °3 in.

long. Capsule -2 in. long, included in the calyx; calyx-mouth in front

‘3 to 6 in. across. Seeds very minute; testa pale straw-coloured.

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 375; Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 424; Miq. Flor. Ind.

Bat. II. 677; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 259. WM. bicolor, Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3913. M. vandellioides, Hance in Walp. Ann. III. 193.

Lindernia japonica, Thunb. Flor. Japon. 253. Hornemanmia bicolor,

Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 654; Reichb. Icon. Exot. 25, t. 37. Colwm-

-nea tomentosa, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III. 98. Stemodia tomentosa, G. Don

Gen. Syst. Gard. IV. 842. Tittmannia obovata, Bunge Enum. Pl.

Chin. 279. Vandellia obovata, Walp. Act. Acad. Leopold. XIX., Suppl.

I. 394. Gratiola goodeniefolia, Hornem. Hort. Hafn.

SINGAPORE: a garden weed, Ridley /—Distrip. HE. and §.H. Asia

generally.

3. ADENOSMA, R. Br.

Annual, villous or glandular aromatic herbs. Leaves opposite,

rugose, crenulate. Flowers axillary or in leafy spikes, racemes or

344 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

heads ; bracteoles conspicuous or absent. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes

imbricate, the upper the largest; sometimes in fruit all enlarged.

Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, entire or notched, outmost in bud ;

lower 3-lobed, spreading ; throat not plicate; tube cylindric. Stamens

4, didynamous, included; anther-cells discrete, stipitate, one cell of

each anterior stamen or of all four stamens empty. Ovary 2-celled ;

ovules in each cell numerous; style filiform below, winged upwards

under the entire or 2-lamellate stigma. Fruit an ovoid, ellipsoid, or

lanceolate 2-grooved and 4-valved capsule, opening both loculicidally

and septicidally. Seeds many, minute, reticulate-—Distrip. Species

about 10, in S.E. Asia and Australia,

Flowers axillary ; outer fruiting sepals enlarged :—

Leaves ovate-obtuse, crenate-serrate . ovatum.

Leaves ovate-acute, serrate .. 2. A. mnopinatum.

Flowers in terminal heads, spikes or racemes; ane little

altered :—

Bracts linear, hardly exceeding the calyx :—

Spikes short, dense, cylindric or capitate ae .. 23 A. capitatum.

Spikes long, slender 56 ne .. 4. A. ceruleum.

Bracts leafy, elliptic, acute, longer fom alge 90 .. oO. A. hirsutum.

1. ADENosMA ovAtTuM, Benth. in Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 263.

A puberulous or glabrate herb, branched from the base ; branches root-

ing below, prostrate or ascending, 6 to 18 in. long. Leaves ovate-

obtuse, crenate-serrate, base wide-cuneate, rounded or truncate; blade

‘75 in. long, -5 in. wide; petiole ‘3 in. Flowers axillary, sessile ; bracts

lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals; in

flower herbaceous, sub-equal; in fruit membranous, reticulate, pubescent,

the 3 outer enlarged, -35 in. wide, ovate-cordate, the 2 inner un-

altered, narrow lanceolate, all -25in. long. Corolla blue. Capsule

lanceolate, about as long as the sepals but hidden by the enlarged outer

ones. Herpestis ovata, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 30; Wall. Cat. 3896. 4.

javanica, Bl. Bijdr. 748. Pterostigma ovatum, Benth. in DC. Prod. X.

380; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 678.

Perak: Gunong Tundul, Ridley 9444! Punana: Waterfall, Curtis /

Mauacca: Griffith! Stnaapore: Bukit Timah, fizdley 6894! “a

garden weed,’ Fidley 8910!—Disrris. Indo-China, Malay Archi-

pelago.

2. ADENOSMA INOPINATUM, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXXIT. 2,

16. A pubescent herb, branched from the base; branches rooting

below, ascending, 6 to 18 in. long. Leaves ovate-acute, serrate, base

cuneate; blade 1 to 1:5 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in. wide; petiole -3 in.

Flowers axillary, sessile ; bracts lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 345

of 5 almost free sepals; in flower herbaceous, sub-equal; in fruit mem-

branous, reticulate, the 3 outer enlarged, ‘25 in. wide, ovate-lanceolate

with truncate bases, the 2 inner unaltered, narrow lanceolate, all -25 in.

long. Corolla blue. Capsule lanceolate, about as long as the sepals

but hidden by the enlarged outer ones.

Manacca: Griffith! Srnearore: Anderson! King’s Collector !

Very nearly allied to 4. ovatum, Benth., and A. swbrepens, Benth. It differs from

both by its acute leaves, but except in this respect and as regards its distribution it is

hardly separable from A. subrepens of Ceylon. From 4. ovatum of Tenasserim, with

which it has been confused, it further differs in its larger size, coarser habit of growth,

and much narrower outer sepals. It has also been confused with A. cwruleuwm, from

which it differs by its flowers being all axillary and by its enlarged fruiting sepals.

3. ADENOSMA CAPITATUM, Benth. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 264.

A stout, erect, ‘glandular-villous herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves ovate or

oblong, sub-acute, serrate, often reflexed; base cuneate; blade 1 to

2 in. long, ‘5 to °75 in. wide ; petiole very short. Flowers in dense cylin-

dric or globose terminal or axillary heads, with basal involucres of floral

leaves ; peduncles 1 in. or less, sometimes in the lower clusters sub-

obsolete and the flowers in axillary whorls ; heads usually -5 in. across,

sometimes longer up to 4 in. long; bracts linear, hardly exceeding the

sepals. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals, villous with long hairs, -25 in.

long, the uppermost ovate-lanceolate, broader than the other lanceolate

4. Corolla blue. Capsule ovoid, -2 in. long. Stemodia capitata, Benth.

in Bot. Reg. under t. 1470; Wall. Cat. 3926. Pterostigma spicatum,

Benth. Scroph. Ind. 21. P. capitatum, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 31, and

in DC. Prod. X. 380. Hrinus bilabiatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 92.

Prov. WELLESLEY: King! King’s Collector. Penana: Wallich ;

Deschamps ! Curtis! Stncapore: King! Ridley ! Mauacca: Cunung !

Ayer Keroh, Ridley! Griffith; Wallich. Necri Szempinan: Kwala

Pedas, Ridley! Panane: Ridley !—Distris. Throughout §.H. Asia.

4, ADENOSMA C@RULEUM, R. Br. Prod. 443. An erect herb, 1 to

2 feet high, viscidly pubescent. Leaves ovate-acute, crenate, base

rounded or cordate; blade 1:5 to 2:5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; petiole

-) to lin. long. Flowers in long slender strict spikes; bracts lanceo-

late, about as long as calyx. Calyx of 5 almost free sepals, the upper

lanceolate the rest linear, not very greatly altered in fruit. Corolla

blue. Capsule lanceolate, rather longer than the sepals. Benth. Flor.

Austral. IV. 484; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 263. Pterostigma

villosum, Benth. Seroph. Ind. 21, and in DC. Prod. X. 380 partly ; Miq

Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 678. P. strictwm, Griff. Not. IV. 96; Ic. Pl. Asiat.

t. 417, f. 3. Stemodia cwrulea, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 381. Herpestis

lanuginosa, Bl. Bijdr. 747.

346 Flora of the Malayan Penmsula.

SELANGOR: Lizdley! Prrax: Scortechinu! Wray! Mataccoa -

Griffith ! Cuming ! Maingay ; Hervey! Sincarore: Cuming ! Wallich.

—Distris. Indo-China, Malaya, Australia.

Scortechini notes on this, ‘‘ aromatic ; most likely introduced.” It appears, how-

ever, to be native.

5. ADENOSMA HIRSUTUM, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV. 2. 143.

A stout, erect, villous herb, 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves ovate or elliptic,

sub-acute, serrate, base cuneate; blade 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to -75 in.

wide; petiole very short or 0. lowers in dense cylindric or oblong

heads, often ternate, usually peduncled, with closely imbricate hirsute

leafy bracts; peduncles sometimes 1:5 in. long; heads 1 to 3 in. long,

‘75 to 1 in. wide; bracts ovate-acute, serrate, -4 to 6 in. long. Calyx

of 5 almost free villous linear sepals, -25 in. long. Corolla blue. Cap-

sule ovate, abruptly beaked, as long as calyx. Pterostigma hirsutum,

Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562. P. villoswm, Migq. l.c. (not of Benth.).

PROVINCE WELLESLEY: Curtis 2238! Ridley 6977! NicoBaRs:

Kamorta, Kurz !—Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann 1157), Bangka (Teys-

mann 3429), Borneo (Motley, n. 215).

A coarser plant than A. capitatum, with leafy bracts throughout the spikes.

4, Limnopuina, R. Br.

Herbs of marshes and pools, glabrous or pubescent, aromatic.

Leaves with transparent dots, opposite or whorled, toothed or cut,

when submerged frequently laciniate-multifid. Flowers solitary

axillary, sessile or pedicelled, or passing into terminal spikes or racemes ;.

bracts leafy; bracteoles small or obsolete. Calyx 5-partite; lobes

narrow, imbricate, all equal or the upper largest. Corolla 2-labiate ;

upper lip outmost, sub-erect, entire or 2-fid; lower spreading, 3-lobed ;

throat not plicate; tube cylindric. Stamens 4, didynamous, included}.

anther-cells all perfect, usually discrete, stipitate, occasionally con-

tiguous. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender,

with deflexed tip and 2-lamellate stigma. J7wit an ovoid or oblong

capsule, with both septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence, the placenti-

ferous septum separating from the valves. Seeds many, minute, angular

and truncate, reticulate.—Disrris. Species about 25, in the tropics of

the Eastern Hemisphere and Australia.

Leaves never pinnatifid above, very rarely so even on lower

portion of stem :—

Flowers sessile :—

Leaves at least 1 in. long :—

Leaves petioled, 2 to 3 in. long, pubescent or glabrous .. 1. L. Roxburghit.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 347

Leaves sessile, 1 to 2 in. long, softly pubescent .. 2. L. balsamea.

Leaves glabrous, never exceeding ‘Sin. long .. .. 3. L. micrantha.

Flowers pedicelled :—

Leaves hirsute :—

Leaves usually opposite, rarely 3-nate, never more than

‘75 in. long; flowers always axillary, solitary 4. L. villosa.

Leayes usually 3-4-nately whorled, rarely opposite, never

less than 1-5 in. long; flowers usually ceymose or panicu-

late, rarely axillary, solitary ate os .. 5. L. hirsuta.

Leaves glabrous :—

Leaves cuneate at base, always opposite; flowers axillary,

solitary :—

Stems creeping ; branches many, divaricate ; pedicels in

fruit erect : . 6. L. pygmea.

Stems erect, usually uals: neieeta in fruit Pooemredel 7. L. erecta.

Leayes half-amplexicaul at base, often 3-4-nately whorled,

flowers usually in many-flowered racemes, rarely axillary,

solitary : 8. L. gratissima.

Leaves mostly or all lobulate or qiasejseses or ales melee

fid :—

Flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled; uppermost leaves entire:—

Flowers all solitary — =e ce AG .. 9. L. sessiliflora.

{10. L. heterophylla,

wre

Flowers passing into a terminal spike

VAR. reflexa.

Flowers all pedicelled, the pedicels ase the oa all the

leaves capillary multifid .. : 5 .. Ll. L. Griffithit.

1. Lownorpsma Roxsureui, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 543 (not of

Benth.). A stout glabrous or pubescent aromatic herb, with a creeping

rootstock and with decumbent rooting base, giving off numerous erect

stems 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves opposite, petioled, elliptic or ovate,

obtuse or sub-acute, margin crenulate, base cuneate, punctate beneath,

nerves distinct, 8 to 10 pairs; length up to 4 in., width to 21 in, ; petiole

‘75 in. Flowers sessile, in axillary peduncled heads, rarely Lee

Calyx hirsute, :2 in. long; lobes lanceolate, finely acuminate in fruit,

not striate. Corolla °35 in. long, purplish-blue with a yellow throat.

Capsule -2 in. long, elliptic, sub-acute. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 265.

I. Menthastrum, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 386; Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX.

406. Herpestis rugosa, Roth Nov. Sp. 290. Capraria gratissima,

- Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 92 (a part). Stemodia Menthastrum, Benth.

Seroph. Ind. 23; Wall. Cat. 3927. Adenosma triflora, Seem. Fi.

Vit. 184 (not of Nees). Hclupta scabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 3212.

Kepag: Langkawi, at Coah, Curtis 2556!—Disrrrs. Himalaya,

from Chamba eastward, N. and C. India, Indo-China, Philippines,

China.

The bases of the stems are often submerged, and besides the fibrous roots then

emitted the lower nodes at times have multifid submerged leaves. The plant smells

strongly of Aniseed.

348 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. LIMNOPHILA BALSAMEA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 386. A stoutish,

softly pubescent herb; stem 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves opposite, elliptic,

sub-acute, narrowed from the middle to the base with margin entire,

beyond the middle obscurely crenulate, punctate beneath, nerves

slender, 3 to 5 pairs; length up to 2 in., width to 1 in.; petiole 0.

Flowers in short peduncled axillary heads or spikes. Calyx hirsute,

"15 in. long; lobes lanceolate, finely acuminate; in fruit striate.

Corolla 35 in. long. Capsule -2 in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse.

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 266. Stemodia balsamea, Benth. Scroph.

Ind. 23; Wall. Cat. 3928.

Perak: King’s Collector 1027 !—Distrrp. Indo-China.

3. LIMNOPHILA MICRANTHA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 387. <A small,

stoutish, glabrous herb, creeping below ; stem 3 to 6 in. long, branching

from the base. Leaves all opposite, crowded, thick, -25 to -45 in. long,

margin entire or very sparingly sub-serrate, punctate beneath; nerves

obscure ; petiole 0. lowers axillary, sub-sessile, small. Calyx -06 in.

long, glabrous ; lobes subulate, in fruit striate. Corolla reddish-purple,

-12 in. long. Capsule ovate, 08 in. long. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

IV. 267. Stemodia micrantha, Benth. Seroph. Ind. 23; Wall. Cat. 3936.

Herpestris pygymea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.

Panane: Ridley !—Distris. Indo-China, Bengal.

4, LimnopHina vitLosa, Bl. Bijdr. 750. An erect or spreading, sub-

simple, stoutish or slender, pubescent herb; stems 4 to 6 in. high.

Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, sub-crenate, -5 to -75 in. long, punctate

beneath, nerves obscure; petiole 0. lowers axillary, solitary, on

short pubescent pedicels, ‘15 in. long, erect in fruit. Calyx hirsute,

‘15 in. long, lobes lanceolate, acuminate-subulate, in fruit striate.

Corolla ‘Fin. long. Capsule 15 in. long, ovate. Benth. in DC. Prod.

X. 388; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 681. L. laxa, Benth. in DC. Prod.

X. 388 partly. L. pulcherrima, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 267. Her-

pestis pulcherrima, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.

Perak: Wray 788! Matacca: Griffith! Cuming! Maingay !

Fiidley! Hervey! Psnana: Tulloh Bahang, Curtis! Ridley 7104!

Panane : Gidley! Stnearore: King’s Collector ! Hullett ! Deschamps !

Kurz! Ridley! Province Weuuestey: King! Sauama: Scortechim !

—Distris. Sumatra, Java.

5. LimNopHILA HIRSUTA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388. An erect

hirsute herb; stem 6 to 8 in. high. Leaves opposite or 3—4-nately

whorled, elliptic, linear-oblong or sub-spathulate, 1:5 to 2°5 in. long,

apex obtuse, margin serrulate, punctate beneath, nerves few, very

indistinct; petiole short or obsolete. Flowers axillary, solitary or

cymose or paniculate at the apex of the stem; pedicels ‘2 to 78 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 349

bracteoles minute. Calyx ‘3 in. long, hirsute; lobes lanceolate, finely

acuminate, in fruit striate. Corolla:5 in. long. Capsule sub-orbicular,

*25 in. long. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. L. javanica, A. DC. in

DC. Prod. X. 594. Stemodia hirsuta, Heyne, ex Wall. in Cat. 3930 ;

Benth. Scroph. Ind. 24. Ambulia ebracteata, Ham. ex Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. TV. 268.

Nicopars: Kurz! Pxrrax: Scortechini! Kunstler! Mawacca:

Fiidley !—Distris. India, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago, China.

6. Limnopuina pramaia, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. A very

small, glabrous, much-branched creeping herb ; branches 4 to 6 in. long,

divaricate. Leaves opposite, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, apex

acute, margin sub-serrate; punctate beneath, nerves very obscure ;

petiole 0. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels slender, :15 to -2 in. long,

erect in fruit. Calyx :15 in. long, hirsute, lobes subulate-lanceolate,

striate in fruit. Corolla -2in. long. Capsule -15 in., ovate. Herpestis

pygmea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104. Stemodia diffusa, Benth. in Wall. Cat.

3937. .

Manacca: Griffith ! Cuming !—Distrip. Tenasserim.

7. LIMNOPHILA ERECTA, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388. An erect,

sub-simple or branched, stoutish glabrous herb; stems 4 to 8 in. high.

Leaves all opposite, linear-oblong, ‘5 to 1 in. long, apex acute, margin

sub-serrate except the narrow cuneate base, punctate beneath, nerves

obscure ; petiole very short or obsolete. Flowers white, axillary, soli-

tary, on short pedicels, -1 in. long, recurved in fruit. Calyx glabrous,

-15 in. long, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, in fruit striate. Corolla -2 in.

long. Capsule -15 in. long, ovate. Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX. 406;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 267. Stemodsa gratioloides, Benth.

Scroph. Ind. 25; Wall. Cat. 3938.

PERAK: Scortechini! Wray! King’s Collector! NercGri SEMBILAN:

Fiidley! Seuancor: Ridley! Panane: Fidley !—Distris. Indo-

China, Bengal, S. China.

8. LimnopHina GRATISSIMA, Bl. Bijdr. 749. An erect, glabrous herb

with a stout stem, 1 to 2 feet high, simple or occasionally branched

_ above. Leaves opposite and ternate, half-amplexicaul, linear-oblong,

1°5 to 2°5 in. long, apex sub-acute, margin serrulate, punctate beneath,

nerves few, indistinct; petiole 0. Flowers in axillary and terminal

many-flowered racemes, rarely flowers axillary solitary, sometimes the

racemes 12 in. long and paniculately branched with the flowers whorled,

at others the racemes reduced; pedicels ‘5 to 1 in. long, glandular;

bracteoles minute. Calyx ‘3 in. long, glabrate, lobes lanceolate-acumi-

nate; in fruit calyx hemispherical with lobes striate. Corolla -5 in.

long. Capsule oblong, acute, *3 in. long. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 26;

350 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Wall. Cat. 3906; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 268. ZL. punctata, Bl.

Bijdr. 750; Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 388; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 682;

Maxim. Mel. Biol. IX. 406. Gratiola aromatica, Pers. Synops. I. 14.

Ambulia aromatica, Lamk Encycl. Meth. I. 128. Rheede Hort.

Malab. X. 6. 7

Mauacca: Griffith. Prax: King’s Collector! Wray !—Distr1.

S.E. Asia generally, N. Australia.

9. LIMNOPHILA SESSIFLORA, Blume Bijdr. 750. A hirsute or rarely

glabrate herb; stem stoutish, 4 to 8 in. long. Leaves 3 to 6 in a whorl

throughout all lobulate or pinnatisect, or the uppermost very rarely

opposite entire, usually about -4 to 5 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary,

sessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx ‘3 in. long, lobes ovate-acuminate,

tube in fruit membranous, hemispheric, not striate. Corolla’5 in. long.

Capsule orbicular, turgid, -2 in. across. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 25; Wall.

Cat. 3902; DC. Prod. X. 389; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 683; Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 270. Hottonia sessiliflora, Vahl Symb. II. 36.

Kepan: Langkawi, in swamps, Curtis /—Distris. Throughout:

8.H. Asia.

10. LimnoPHILA HETEROPHYLLA, Benth.; var. reflexa, Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 270. A glabrous herb with a very slender elongated

stem, 1 to 1:5 feet long. Leaves towards apex of stem usually opposite,

small, rarely over 25 in. long, sessile, half-amplexicaul, oblong, margin

crenulate ; followed by pinnatifid leaves 4 to 6 in a whorl, °d in. long ;

with below these submerged whorled and very finely capillary-multifid

leaves, ‘5 in. long. Flowers axillary solitary, the upper sub-sessile

passing into a short leafy spike, the lower pedicelled, with pedicels

recurved in fruit and longer than the calyx. Calyx -25 in. long, lobes

ovate, very shortly acuminate, in fruit not at all striate; tube in fruit

hemispheric, membranous. Corolla -4 in. long. Capsule sub-globose,

3 in. long. LZ. refleca, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 25; DC. Prod. X. 389;

Wall. Cat. 3904.

Mauacca: Cuming. Kepan: Curtis 2103 !—Disrrip. (of variety,)

Tenasserim: (of type,) throughout 8.H. Asia.

This variety differs from the type in having distinctly shorter submerged leaves, and

distinctly longer pedicels to the lower fiowers.

11. Liwnopaina Grirritai, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 271. A

very small herb with creeping tufted stems, sending down long rigid

roots and emitting many erect branches, 1 to 2 in. long, sometimes

stout and stiff, sometimes slender and flaccid. Leaves 25 to :35 in,

long, usually densely whorled and imbricated, multifid. Flowers

axillary solitary, on slender pedicels, °35 to ‘5 in. long, that are deflexed

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 351

in fruit. Calyx ‘1 in. long, teeth short. Corolla pure white, :4 in. long.

LL. sessiliflora, Griff. Notul. IV. 99, t. 418, f. 5 (mot of Bl.). DL. gratio-

loides var. myriophylloides, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 389 partly. Quin-

quelobus glaber, Benj. in Linnea XX. 316. Benjaminea glabra, Benj.

in Linnea XX. 761.

Matacca: Griffith! Leman, Cuming! Maingay! Prrax: King’s

Collector !

Griffith’s specimens have slightly larger leaf-segments and shorter pedicels than

those of Maingay, Cuming, and Kunstler, where the leaf-segments are finely capillary.

But Griffith’s plant evidently grew on mud, while that of Kunstler was floating in

water, and the difference of habitat probably sufficiently explains the difference in

foliage. The fiowers of the two forms are the same.

5. Herpestis, Gaertn. f.

Herbs, glabrous. Leaves often dotted, entire or toothed, or below

submerged and multifid. Flowers axillary or racemose; bracteoles

small or obsolete. Calyx 5-partite ; lobes imbricate, the upper largest,

the two lateral inmost often very narrow. Corolla indistinctly 2-lipped;

upper lip outmost spreading, 2-lobed or only emarginate, lower 3-lobed ;

tube cylindric. Stamens 4, didynamous, included ; anthers sometimes

approximate in pairs; cells contiguous, parallel, not confluent. Ovary

2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style dilated at the top;

stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a globose or ovoid 2-celled capsule ;

valves 2 or 4, separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many,

very minute——Distris. Species about 50, throughout the tropics.

Herpestis Monnieria, H. B. & K. Nov.-Gen. and Sp. II. 366.

A glabrous, rather succulent creeping herb, rooting at the nodes;

branches 4 to 10 in. long. Leaves obovate-oblong, spathulate, sessile,

obtuse, entire, 5 to -75 in. long. Flowers axillary, peduncles usually

‘75 to 1 in. long; bracteoles 2. Calyx of 5 nearly free sepals, -2 to

*3 in. long, the upper sepal ovate. Corolla white, faintly tinged with

blue, -4 to ‘6 in. long, lobes sub-equal. Capsule ovoid, acute, hidden by

the sepals, 15 to°25in. long. Seeds minute, irregular ; testa pale. Benth.

‘Scroph. Ind. 30, and in DC. Prod. X. 410; Wall. Cat. 3900; Dalz. &

Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 178 ; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 685; Bot. Mag. t. 2557 ;

Boiss. Flor. Orient. IV. 426; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 272. 4.

spathulata, Bl. Bijdr. 748. Gratiola Monmeria, Linn. Cent. Pl. II.

n. 120; Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 41, t. 178, and Flor. Ind. I. 141. Septis

repens, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 392. Bramia imdica, Lamk Encye.

I. 459. Rheede Hort. Malab. X. t. 14.

Mauacca: Hervey! Jonore: Hullett! Srineapore: Kurz! Rid-

ley !—Distris. Throughout the tropics.

302 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

6. TorEnta, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite, entire or crenate or

serrate. lowers often showy, axillary, or in terminal or pseudo-axillary

racemes or umbels; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lipped or 3-5-toothed,

3—5-keeled or -winged or -folded. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip outmost

erect, concave or pinched, notched or 2-fid; lower larger spreading,

3-lobed; tube cylindric, somewhat curved, dilated upwards. Stamens

4, didynamous; upper pair included inserted on corolla-tube; lower

‘inserted on throat, appendaged or not at base, and connivent under

upper lip; anthers contiguous or connate in pairs, cells often confluent.

Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma

2-lamellate. Fruit a linear or oblong, included septicidal capsule ;

valves separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, rugose

or cancellate-—Distris. Species 20, Tropical Asiatic and African, one

American.

Calyx very distinctly winged :—

Fruiting calyx sub-orbicular, as broad as long; stems prostrate

and rooting oe 6 .. 1. T. polygonoides.

Fruiting calyx longer than ode ; some erect :-—

Wings broad distinctly decurrent on the pedicels; corolla

very little exserted ; bracteoles very small ; pedicels shorter

than the calyx 2. T. peduncularis.

Wings narrow hardly decurrent on “the ae ihaall: : qouillin

distinctly exserted ; bracteoles large ; pedicels as long as or

longer than the calyx .. oye oc -. 93. ©. ciltata.

Calyx hardly or not at all winged :—

Flowers all axillary :—

Stems and leaves eee calyx deeply lobed, faintly

winged Se .. 4. T. asiatica.

Stems and leaves Absit: Gales sins gael lobed .. 5. TF. Benthamiana.

Flowers in terminal racemes ; stems and leaves hirsute; calyx

wingless, shortly lobed A 40 a so) Go en Laua.

1. ToRENIA POLYGONOIDES, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A slender strag-

gling herb; branches 6 to 12 in. long, decumbent and often rooting at

the nodes; all parts glabrous. Leaves orbicular-ovate, serrate; lamina

‘4 to ‘5 in. long, -35 to -45 in. wide, apex acute or sub-acute, base

cuneate; petiole slender, -25 in. long. lowers axillary on 2—4-flowered

peduncles ; pedicels -25 in. long, slender; bracteoles minute. Calyx

tubular with very wide wings, in fruit sub-orbicular ‘3 in. in diam.

Corolla °35 in, long, white or white and pink, distinctly exserted.

DC. Prod. X. 409; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 688; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 276. T. cardiosepala, Benth. in DC. Prod. X.409. Herpestis

polygonoides, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3897.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 393:

Singapore: Wallich 3897! King’s Collector! Hullett ! Murton,

Kuntze! Schomburgk! Anderson! Kurz! Matacca: Maingay!

Griffith ! Goodenough! Prnana: Bouton ; Deschamps! Prrax: Gapis

Pass, Curtis 2683 !

9. ToRENIA PEDUNCULARIS, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3956. An erect

annual herb 1 to 2 feet high; branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy

upwards, below ciliate only on the angles with recurved hairs. Leaves

ovate-lanceolate, base cordate, apex acuminate, margin serrate ; lamina.

membranous 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide, sparingly hairy on both

surfaces ; petiole slender, sparsely hirsute, -5 to -75 in. long. Flowers

axillary solitary, or the uppermost in a sub-umbellate corymb or a

terminal raceme, the lowest in the raceme leaf-opposed ; pedicels °3 in.,

in fruit ‘5 in. long, thickened upwards, shorter than the calyx; brac-

teoles linear-subulate small. Calyx-twbe narrow-ovate, ‘6 in., in fruit.

‘85 in. long, wings broad, decurrent on the pedicel, the margins ciliate.

Corolla -75 in. long, little exserted, tube yellow below, pale blue above,

lateral lobes of lip with darker blotches. Stamens with glabrous

filaments not appendaged. Disk cupular. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

TV. 276. T. edentula, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 410; Bot. Mag. t. 4229.

Prnane: Schomburgk ! Mauacca: Goodenough! Prrax: Scorte-

chia! Ridley 9457! 9758! Ipoh, Curtis! Nicospars: Kamorta,

Kurz !—Distris. Indo-China, Java, Timor.

3. TORENIA CILIATA, Sm. in Rees Cyclop. V. 36. An erect annual

herb, 1 to 2 feet high, branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy up-

wards, below ciliate only on the angles. Leaves ovate, base wide

cuneate, apex obtuse or sub-acute, margin entire or crenate; lamina

membranous 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. wide. sparingly hairy

on both surfaces; petiole winged above -25 to °d in. long, sometimes

shorter. Flowers in distant pairs, racemed at the ends of the branches ;

pedicels -3 in., in fruit -4 in. long, thickened upwards, as long as or

longer than the calyx ; bracteoles 3 in. long, linear, hirsute, as long as

the flowering pedicels. Calyx very narrow-tubular, -4 in., in fruit

‘6 in. long, wings distinct but narrow, the margins ciliate. Corolla

‘75 in. long, distinctly exserted, light blue. Benth. in DC. Prod.

X. 411; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 689; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 279.

T. racemosa, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 38 (not of Griff.). T. cerulea, Mig. Flor.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562. TZ. flava, Wall. Cat. 3957 (a part); Maiq. Flor.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. 562 (not of Ham).

| Penance: Wallich! Deschamps! PERax: King’ s Collector! Scor-

techint ! Ridley /—Distr1p. Sumatra, Timor.

Very near to T. peduncularis, and really only separable by its smaller more winged.

calyx. It may be remarked that Kurz in Herb. Calcutta has suggested that T. ciliata

304 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

is = T. peduncularis, while in the field Scortechini has named T. peduncularis,

“ T. ciliata.”

4. Torenra astatTica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 619. A sub-erect or spreading

slightly branching herb, stems quadrangular glabrous. Leaves ovate-

lanceolate, base cuneate, margin finely serrate; lamina 1:5 to 2-5 in.

long, 1 to 1:5 in. wide, membranous, glabrous; petiole slender, glabrous,

‘) in. long. Flowers axillary, pedicels ‘} in. long; bracteoles minute

subulate. Calyx ‘5 in. long, deeply 5-partite, lobes narrow-lanceolate,

with a prominent midrib. Corolla 1:5 in. long, tube narrow-cylindric

at base, infundibuliform above, dark violet on both sides, upper lobe

erect, lip 3-lobed spreading, all yellowish. Stamens with appendages on

anterior filaments. Disk cupular waved. Wight Ic. t. 862; Benth. in

DC. Prod. X. 410; Wall. Cat. 3953 A. B.; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. II.

689; Gaertn. Fruct. III. 29, t. 184; Lamk Ill. t. 523; Bot. Mag.

t. 4249; Lem. Ill. Hortic. t. 199; Flore des Serres Il. t. 157; XIII.

t. 1342; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 277. Treisteria cordata, Griff.

Notul. IV. 109. Rheede Hort. Malab. IX. t. 53.

Perak: Scortechint 2212! Fidley 5307! 9756! King’s Collector

1816! Curtis! Srnancor: Ridley 8533!—Distrip. India, Sumatra,

Java, Indo-China, China.

5. ToRENIA BENTHAMIANA, Hance Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. XVIII. 226.

A slender straggling herb; branches 6 to 10 in. long, decumbent and often

rooting at the nodes, all parts sparingly hirsute. Leaves ovate, acute,

margin serrate ; lamina ‘d to 75 in. long, °3 to -4 in. wide, base truncate

or cuneate; petiole -25 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicels

‘75 to 1:25 in. long, slender; bracteoles minute. Calyx very narrow-

tubular, -35 in. long, in fruit -5 in. long, keeled and channelled but not

winged, hirsute with sparse spreading hairs. Corolla 1:25 in. long,

distinctly exserted; tube violet purple, limb yellow. TZ. Bailom

Godef. in Ill. Hortic. XXV. t. 324; H. Morr. in Belg. Hortic. XXIX.

t.9,£.2. T. flava, Bot. Mag. t. 6700 (not of Ham.).

JoHorE: Ridley 4160!—Distrip. Siam, Cochin-China, 8. China.

6. ToRENIA FLAVA, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3957. An erect annual herb,

1 to 2 feet high; branches acutely 4-gonous, uniformly hairy upwards,

below ciliate only on the angles with spreading hairs. Leaves ovate or

ovate-oblong, base wide-cuneate, margin entire or crenate; lamina

membranous 1 to 1° in. long, ‘7 to 1 in. wide, hairy on both surfaces; -

petiole winged above, often very short. Flowers racemed at the ends

of the branches; pedicels -2 in., in fruit 3 in. long, thickened upwards,

shorter than the calyx; bracteoles -4 in. long linear, hirsute, rather

longer than the fruiting pedicels. Calyx very narrow-tubular ‘35 in.,

in fruit ‘5 in. long, keeled and channelled but not winged, hirsute

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 399

throughout with sparse spreading hairs. Corolla -75 in. long, distinctly

exserted, bright yellow. Benth. Scroph. Ind. 38, and in DC. Prod. X.

414; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 689; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 278.

Pentsteira racemosa, Griff. Notul. IV. 120. Mimulus hirsutus, Bl.

Bijdr. 756.

PERAK: Kunstler 904!—Disrris. Indo-China, Malaya.

7. VANDELLIA, Linn.

Herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite, often toothed,

usually penninerved. Flowers small, axillary or racemose; bracteoles

0. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, or oftener deeply 5-partite, neither

keeled nor winged. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip outmost, erect,

concave, emarginate or 2-fid; lower wider, spreading, 3-lobed; tube

cylindric. Stamens 4, aids ane the posterior pair inserted in

corolla-tube, usually included, the anterior pair inserted on corolla-

throat, with arched filaments appendaged near the base; anthers

contiguous or connate in pairs under upper lip, cells divaricate.

Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma

2-lamellate. Fruit a globose or ovoid, or long cylindric, septicidal

capsule; valves separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds

many, small, rugose—Distris. Species about 30, mostly S.H. Asiatic.

Capsule about equalling or shorter than the calyx :—

Calyx very shortly 5-lobed . : a .. IL. V. crustacea.

Calyx divided almost to the bese: in 5 eal _-

Sepals longer than the capsule :—

Stems erect; all parts sparsely beset with spreading hairs ;

leaves ante or sinuate. . 2. V. hirsuta.

Stems procumbent; all aside softly Gane lene ee

serrate ac oc we aie) licks VAN MGOLUES.

Sepals not longer than the eapanice —

Leaves sessile “fs 5 a8 .. 4. V. scabra.

Leaves petioled Be = af Boe Vin CLL

Capsule much longer than the calyx ae Fe .. 6. V. pedunculata.

1. VANDELLIA CRUSTACEA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 35. A diffusely

trichotomously branched, glabrous or sparsely hairy herb; branches

mostly from near the root; stems 4 to 18 in. high. Leaves ovate or

lanceolate, entire or serrate; lamina ‘5 to 1 in. long, ‘25 to ‘5 in. wide;

petioles short. Flowers axillary or sub-racemose; pedicels slender,

strict, °5 to 1:5 in. long. Calyz shortly 5-lobed, in flower ‘1 in., in

fruit -15 in. long. Corolla pale purple or white. Capsule ovate-oblong,

obtuse, “12 in. long. DC. Prod. X. 413; Wight Ic. t. 863; Mig. Flor.

Ind. Bat. IT. 690; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 279. V. alba, Benth.

356 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Scroph. Ind. 35. Torenia varians, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 96. T. lucida,

Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3962. TZ. alba, Ham.in Wall. Cat. 3961 partly.

T. flaccida, R. Br. Prod. 440. Gratiola lucida, Vahl Enum. I. 95;

Roxb. Cor. Pl. IT. 2, t. 202, and Flor. Ind. 1.138. G. aspera, Roth Nov.

PL. II. Peristewra paniculata, Griff. Notul. IV. 119. Capraria crustacea,

Linn. Mant. 87. Morgama lucida, Spreng. Syst. II. 802. WM. aspera,

Spreng. Syst. IT. 803. Mimulus javanicus, Bl. Bijdr. 283. Hornemanma

ovata, Link & Otto Ic. Pl. Sel. I. 9, t. 3. Tittmannia ovata, Reichb.

Icon. Exot. 1. 27. Antirrhinwm hexandrum, Forsk. Flor. Aigypt.-Arab.

43. Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. t. 170, f. 3.

Penane: Curtes! Prov. WeLuEsutey: King! Prrak: Curtis!

Singapore: Wallich ! Schomburgk ! Ridley! Hullett! Kunstler ! Des-

champs! Kurz! Pawane: Firdley! Mauacca: Hervey !-—DistR1s.

Cosmopolitan in the tropics.

2. VANDELLIA HIRSUTA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. An erect succulent

trichotomously branched herb, 4 to 6 in. high, sparsely clothed with

spreading hairs. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, entire or sinuate, 1 to

3 in. long; upper sessile ‘5 to 1 in. wide, lower petioled, -4 to °75 in.

wide. Flowers minute in many-flowered racemes; pedicels slender,

15 to 2 in. long. Sepals lanceolate -08 in., in fruit ‘1 in. long. Corolla

blueish-white. Capsule orbicular (08 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 414;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 280. Tvttmannia ovata, Benth. in Wall.

Cat. 3942. TT. viscosa, Reichb. Ic. Exot. I. 26, t. 38. =Hornemannia

prostrata, Jacq. Hel. t. 150.

Perak: Kunstler! Panana: Ridley! Sineapore: Ridley 2701!

—Distris. 8.H. Asia generally.

3. VANDELLIA MOLLIS, Benth. Scorph. Ind. 37. A procumbent herb ;

stems creeping below, 6 to 18 in. long, slender or stoutish, softly villous

with spreading white hairs. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or

sub-acute, margin crenate-serrate; both surfaces softly villous with

white glistening hairs; nerves 3 to 4 pairs, oblique, ascending; length

1 to 1:5 in., width ‘5 to ‘75 in.; petiole short, -2 in. long or less.

Flowers on axillary pedicels or in axillary or terminal racemes, the

pedicels slender, softly villous, -25 to ‘75 in. long. Sepals subulate-

lanceolate, softly villous with white hairs, -4 to ‘5 in. long. Corolla

‘5 to °6 in. long, tube white, upper lip brown and lower lip yellow.

Stamens with filaments hirsute below, the upper pair with orbicular

basal processes. Capsule oblong, °2 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 414;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 281. Tttmannia lirta, Benth. in Wall.

Cat. 3948.

SELANGOR: Rawang, Fidley 7605!—Distris. Hastern Himalaya,

S. China, Indo-China, Sumatra, Java.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 357

4, VANDELLIA scABRA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. A slender diffusely

branched herb with rather rigid stems and branches, the latter 2 to

4 in. long; more or less clothed everywhere with long white spreading

hairs. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, or orbicular, serrate or

entire, acute or obtuse; lamina ‘3 to ‘6 in. long, °3 in. wide. Flowers

axillary or terminal, on slender capillary pedicels ‘5 to 1°5 in. long,

strict, spreading in fruit, much longer than calyx. Sepals lanceolate,

hirsute or glabrous, ‘1 in. long. Corolla 3 in. long. Capsule orbicular

‘Lin. long. DC. Prod. X. 414; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. II. 692; Griff.

Notul. IV. 122, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 418, f.4; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV.

281. V. monmeriocdes, Ham. ex Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. TV. 281.

Torenia hirta, Cham. & Schlecht. Linnea II. 571. YT. globosa, Ham.

ex Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 281. Gyratiola pusilla, Willd. Sp. Pl. I.

105. Columnea manuta, Roxb. Flor. Ind. III. 98. Titimannia pusilla,

Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3945 partly. T. suleata, Wight in Wall. Cat.

3946 partly. Bonnaya Vahl, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 538. Stemodza-

minuta, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 542. Selago pusilla, Thunb. Prod. Fl.

Cap. 99.

Mauacca: Grofith! Prov. WELLESLEY: King! Neari SeMBILAN:

Serembam, Azdley 10090! Srnearore: King’s Collector ! Ridley !—

Distris. §.H. Asia generally, Africa, Madagascar.

5. VANDELLIA ELATA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 36. A slender, sub-erect.

or diffuse, glabrous or sparingly hirsute herb; stems simple or dichoto-

mously branched, sometimes rooting near the base; branches slender,.

6 to 8 in. long or longer. Leaves ovate, coarsely crenate-toothed, acute,

base cuneate entire passing into the petiole; lamina ‘3 to -d in. long,

25 to °3 in. wide; petiole 15 to ‘25 in. flowers axillary or terminal,

on slender capillary pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long, strict, somewhat spreading

in fruit, much longer than calyx. Sepals narrow-lanceolate, sparingly

hirsute, 09 in. long. Corolla very small, pale blue, -1 in. long. Capsule

broadly oblong, °12 in. long, as long as the fruiting sepals. DC. Prod.

X. 414; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 280. Trtitmannia elata, Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3944.

Smnaapore: Aidley !—Distris. Tenasserim, Borneo.

6. VANDELLIA PEDUNCULATA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 37. A slender

glabrous herb, stem sometimes creeping at the base ; branches slender,

4to 10 in. long, prostrate. Leaves ovate, obtuse or sub-acute, obscurely

crenate-toothed, ‘5 to 1 in. long, -4 in. wide, shortly petioled. Flowers

axillary and in terminal racemes; pedicels slender 1:5 in. long, usually

twice as long as leaves or longer. Sepals 5, narrowly lanceolate, free

almost to the base, -25 in. long. Corolla white, or pale blue with a.

white spot. Capsule linear-lanceolate, ‘5 in. long. DC. Prod. X. 416;

308 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Griff. Notul. IV. 120; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 418, f. 2; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 282. V. Roxburgh, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 549. V. cordifolia,

G. Don. Gen. Syst. IV. 549. Gratiola cordifolia, Vahl Enum. I. 97;

Don Prod. 85. Bonnaya cordifolia, Spreng. Syst. I. 42. Tittmannia

grandiflora, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3949. Torenra diffusa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.

IT. 95. ZT. varians, Griff. Notul. IV. 125 (not of Roxhb.).

Mauaccoa: Hervey! Stxearore: King’s Collector / Thomson !

fiudley! Jowore: Ridley! Perak: Wray! Scortechim! Ridley /

PenanG: Curtis !—Distris. §.H. Asia generally.

8. ArTANEMA, Don.

Herbs with rather tall, erect, angled stems. Leaves opposite, entire

or serrate, scabrid above as are the stem-angles. Flowers large, blue,

pink or white, in terminal racemes; bracts leafy; bracteoles obsolete.

Calyx 5-partite; lobes acuminate, smooth, much dilated. Corolla

2-lipped ; upper lip outmost, erect, broad, emarginate ; lower 3-lobed,

spreading ; throat not plicate ; tube wide-cylindric. Stamens 4, didy-

namous; posterior pair short included, anterior pair long with arching

filaments dilated at the base; anther-cells confluent at their tips.

Ovary 2-celled ; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma

2-lamellate. F'rwt a globose septicidal capsule; valves 2, separating

from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, small, rugose.—DistTRIB.

Species 3 to 4, in tropics of Hastern Hemisphere and Australia.

Leaves shortly petioled; flowers over 5 in. long .. .- 1. A. sesamoides.

Leaves sessile, narrower ; flowers under ‘5 in. long.. .. 2. A. angustifolium.

1. ARTANEMA SESAMOIDES, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A herb, 2 to

3 feet high. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate-acuminate, entire or

serrate, 2 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. wide. Flowers in racemes 6 to

9 in. long; pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long, usually slightly exceeding the

calyx. Calyx of 5 sub-equal lobes, -25 to ‘3 in. long. Corolla blue,

‘75 in. long. Capsule globose, °3 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 408;

Wight Ic. t. 1410; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Il. 686; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 274. Colwmnea longifolia, Linn. Mant. 90. <Achimanes sesa-

moides, Vahl Symb. II. 71. Diceros longifolius, Pers. Synops. II. 164 ;

Bl. Bijdr. 751; Wall. Cat. 3884.

Penanec: Pulo Boutong, Curtis /—Disrris. §8.E. Asia generally.

2. ARTANEMA ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 39. A herb, 2 to

3 feet high. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3 to 4 in.

long, ‘25 to -75 in. wide. Flowers in racemes 6 to 9 in. long; pedicels

“15 in. long, always shorter than the calyx. Calyx of 5 sub-equal sepals,

‘2in. long. Corolla pale blue and white, or pink or white, ‘3 to °4 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 309

long. Capsule globose, -2 in. in diam. DC. Prod. X. 408; Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 275. Diceros angustifolius, Wall. Cat. 3885.

Prenane: J. Scott ! Ridley 9412! Prrax: Scortechim ! Wray 2246!

2721! King’s Collector 3045! Panane: Ridley 21654! SINGAPORE:

Wallich 3885! Srtancor: Sepang, Ridley 7604! Jonore: Serom,

Fiidley 11134!

Very nearly related to A. sesamoides, which differs chiefly by its larger blue flowers

and larger capsules.

9. CURANGA, Juss.

Herbs, creeping or diffuse. Leaves opposite, ovate, crenate. lowers

in short terminal or pseudo-axillary racemes; bracts small, leafy ;

bracteoles 0. Calyx deeply 4-partite; upper and lower lobes very

large, lateral small and narrow. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip outmost,

wide-arched, emarginate ; lower longer, spreading, 3-lobed; tube short.

Stamens 2, only the upper pair perfect, included, inserted on corolla-

tube; anthers connate with divaricate cells; lower pair of stamens

replaced by 2 clavate staminodes on corolla-throat. Ovary 2-celled ;

ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma 2-lamellate.

Fruit an orbicular septicidal capsule, covered by the accrescent calyx-

lobes, valves separating from the broad placentiferous septum. Seeds:

many, rugose.—Distris. Species 2, §.H. Asiatic.

CurANGA AMARA, Juss. Ann. Mus. IX. 320. An annual glabrous

herb, with slender straggling divaricate branches, 2 to 3 feet long, root-

ing at the lower nodes. Leaves very bitter, ovate, crenate, obtuse or

acute, base truncate rounded or cuneate, entire ; blade 2 to 2°65 in. long,

1-5 to 2 in. wide; petiole very slender, ‘5 to -75 in. long. Flowers in

short, few-flowered racemes, 2 to 2°5 in. long ; pedicels -25 to -3 in., in

fruit 5 in. long. Calyx with the outer sepals broadly ovate-cordate,

membranous, reticulate, in flower -25 in., in fruit 5 in. long. Corolla

brownish-red. Capsule small, compressed, -15 in. across. Benth. in

DC. Prod. X. 408; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 275. Caranga amara,

Vahl Symb. I. 100. Gratiola amara, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 136. Her-

pestis amara, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 30. Symphalliwm torenioides, Gritt.

in Madr. Journ. Nat. Sc. ITV. 1,t.11. Tretsteria assamica, Griff. Notul.

TV. 111. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. t. 170, f. 1.

Perak: Scortechim 4998! Ridley 9742! Panane: Ridley 1346!

Senancor: izdley 8214!—Disrris. Hast Himalaya, Indo-China,

Malaya, Philippines.

10. Bonnaya, Link & Otto.

Herbs, annual, glabrous. Leaves opposite, serrate or entire. Flowers

solitary axillary, often passing into terminal racemes; bracteoles 0.

360 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Calyx 5-partite ; segments narrow, faintly imbricate. Corolla 2-lipped ;

upper lip outmost, erect, concave, 2-fid; lower larger, spreading,

3-lobed ; tube cylindric. Stamens 2; upper pair alone perfect, sub-

included; anthers contiguous, the cells divaricate ; lower pair represented

by 2 obtuse, glandular, entire staminodes on corolla-throat. Ovary

2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous; style slender; stigma 2-

lamellate. fruit a narrow, exserted, septicidal capsule; valves

separating from the placentiferous septum. Seeds many, small, rugose.

—Distris. Species about 10, in tropics of Hastern Hemisphere.

Leaves sharply, closely, deeply serrate :—

Leaves sessile ; flowers white or pink; stems green .. 1. B. brachiata.

Leaves petioled ; flowers purple; stems reddish .. .. 2. B. reptans.

Leaves remotely, shallowly serrate, or sub-entire; flowers violet-

purple :—

Leaves narrow-oblong .. ie Be .. 3. B. veronicefolia.

Leaves lanceolate bs ae bs oe xe ae eee Pie,

var. verbenefolia.

1. Bonnaya BRACHIATA, Link & Otto, Ic. Pl. Sel. I. 25,¢.11. An

erect rather rigid herb, 4 to 10 in. high; branches diffuse divaricate, thé

lowest decumbent below. Leaves oblong, obtuse or acute, margins

thickened and sharply closely deeply serrate with teeth mucronate ;

lamina ‘5 to 1:5 in. long; pedicels rigid about -25 in long; bracts small.

Calyx of 5 nearly free sepals -25 in. long. Corolla white or pink, -25 in.

long. Capsule slender, spreading or erect, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long. Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3855, Scroph. Ind. 32, and DC. Prod. X. 420; Mig. Flor.

Ind. Bat. II. 695; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 284. B. serrata, Griff.

Notul. ITV. 108. B. pusilla, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 33; Wall. Cat. 3861.

Gratiola serrata, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 189, and ed. Carey & Wall. I. 140.

Rheede, Hort. Malab. IX. t. 59.

SincaporE: Wallich! Panane: Fidley /—Distris. India, Indo-

China, China, Malaya, Philippines.

Wallich’s Singapore specimen and one of Ridley’s from Pahang belong to the form

distinguished by Bentham as B. pusilla; another Pahang gathering (Ridley 2163)

consists of genuine B. brachiata, from which, however, B. pusilla, though separable

as a marked form, is hardly separable as a variety.

2. BoNNAYA REPTANS, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. A prostrate creeping

slender herb with reddish stem, branches and leaves beneath; branches.

diffuse spreading often 12 in. long. Leaves in distant pairs, obovate-

oblong, obtuse, margins thickened and sharply serrate with mucronate

teeth; base narrow-cuneate passing into a petiole -25 in. long; blade

-75 to 1:25 in. long, ‘5 in. wide. Flowers opposite in terminal racemes

sometimes 3 to 4 in. long; pedicels rigid, ‘25 in. long; bracts small.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 361

Calyx of 5 nearly equal sepals, °3 in. long. Corolla purple, °75 in. long.

Capsule very slender, spreading, 1 in. long. Benth. in DC. Prod. X.

420; Wall. Cat. 3856; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 284. B. ruelloides,

Spreng. Syst. 1.41. B. ciliata, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. Gratiola ciliata,

Koenig in Vahl Symb. I. 97. G. rwelloides, Koenig in Vahl Symb. I.

99. G. reptans, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I. 140. Henckelia Roxburghiana,

Dietr. Sp. Pl. I. 572.

PEnanc: Curtis! Prrax: Scortechin! Wray! Provincke WEL-

LESLEY: Jiidley 6985! Pananea: Ardley! Sincapore: Hullett !

fiidley !—DistTR1p. KE. Himalaya, India, Indo-China, Malaya,

Philippines.

3. BoNNAYA VERONICHZFOLIA, Spreng. Syst. I. 41. A flaccid decum-

bent or creeping herb, with ascending branches 4 to 8 in. long. Leaves

sub-sessile or narrowed into a short petiole, oblong or oblong-lanceolate

or obovate, or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, margin distantly serrate or

sub-serrate or sub-entire. Flowers opposite, in terminal leafy or naked

racemes sometimes up to 6 in. long usually much shorter, pedicels

rather flaccid, -25 in. to 35 in. long; bracts leafy or small. Calyx

of 5 nearly equal sepals ‘2 in. long. Corolla violet-purple, :25 to °35 in.

long. Capsule slender, sub-erect or spreading, ‘5 to °6 in. long.

Var. typica. Leaves usually obtuse, sometimes acute, always

distantly serrate, 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 in. wide; racemes usually with

leafy bracts; corolla -25 in. long. B. veromcefolia, Wall. Cat. 3857 ;

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 421; Wight Ic. t. 1411; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.

II. 696; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 285. B. marginata, Spreng. Syst.

I. 41. B. rigida, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3859. B. procumbens, Benth. in

Wall. Cat. 3860. 2B. Roth, Dietr. Sp. Pl. 1. 556. B. bracteata, Grif.

Notul. IV. 107. Gratiola veromcefolia, Retz Obs. IV. 8; Roxb. Pl.

Corom. II. 30, t. 154; Fl. Ind, I. 138; ed. Carey & Wall. I. 139.

G. margimata, Colsm. in Vahl Enum. I. 98. G. racemosa, Roth Nov.

pao:

Prenane : Balli Pulo, George Town, &c. Deschamps! SINGAPORE :

King’s Collector! Panane: Ridley! Matacca: Hervey! SELANGOR:

-fidley! JoHorE: Serom, Ridley !—Distris. Throughout §.H. Asia.

Var. verbenefolia, Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 285. Leaves

acute or sub-acute, distantly shallowly serrate or sub-entire, 1 to 1-5 in.

long, *2 to :25 in. wide; racemes usually marked with minute bracts;

corolla :35 in. long. B. verbenefolia, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 421;

Wall. Cat. 3858; Wight, Ic. +. 1412. B. Roxburghiana, Dietr. Sp. Pl-

I. 559. B. cyanea, Griff. Notul. IV. 107. Gratiola verbenefolia, Colsm,

in Vahl Enum. I. 96. G. ciliata, Colsm. in Vahl Enum. I. 97.

G. racemosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 188, and ed. Carey & Wall. 1.139. G.

362 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Roxburghiana, Roem. & Schult. Syst. I. 123. Tittmannia Colsmanmne,

Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3950. orenia gracilis, Benth. in Wall. Cat.

3952.

Matacca: Hervey! Prnana: Curtis! Prrax: Ridley! Scorte-

chuu !—Distris. Throughout S.E. Asia.

11. Scopartia, Linn.

Undershrubs or herbs with twiggy branches. Leaves opposite or

whorled, glabrous or pubescent, entire or toothed, punctate. lowers

small, white or yellow, axillary, solitary or 2-nate; bracteoles 0. Calyx

small, 4-5-partite; lobes imbricate. Corolla small, rotate, 4-lobed ;

lobes imbricate, sub-equal, obtuse; throat densely bearded; tube very

short. Stamens 4, sub-equal; filaments filiform ; anthers sub-sagittate,

cells diverging or parallel, discrete. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each

cell numerous; style sub-clavate; stigma truncate or emarginate.

Frwt a small, ovoid or globose, septicidal capsule ; valves membranous,

with inflexed margins, separating from the placentiferous septum.

Seeds many, small, obovoid, angular, scrobiculate.—DistRIB. Species

about 6, all American.

ScopaRia DuLcIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 116. A glabrous much-branched

erect or ascending leafy undershrub with a strong perennial woody

rootstock; stems 6 in. to 3 ft. high. Leaves opposite or ternate,

lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 1°5 in. wide,

serrate, acute or obtuse, narrowed to a short petiole. Flowers many

minute in terminal panicles; pedicles slender, strict, -25 to °4 in. long.

Sepals 4, oblong. Corolla white, -12 in. in diam., tube very short.

Stamens sub-equal. Capsule globose, -15 in. in diam. Voigt Hort.

Suburb. Calcutt. 507; Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 481; Gaertn. Fruct. I.

251, t. 53, f. 10; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. IT. 699; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

IV. 289.

Penane: Kampai, Batu Gaja, &c., King! Deschamps! Curtis !

SELANGOR: Lizdley! Prax: Scortechini! SineaarorE: Hullett !

Kurz! King’s Collector ! Deschamps !—Distr1s. Hyerywhere in the

tropics ; originally American.

12. Srrica, Lour.

Herbs, semiparasitic on roots, usually scabrid, discoloured when dry.

Leaves opposite below, alternate above, linear, entire or rarely toothed

sometimes reduced to scales. Flowers axillary, or the upper in

bracteate spikes; bracteoles usually 2. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-fid, 5- or

10- or 15-ribbed, tubular. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip inner in bud,

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 363

usually shortly 2-fid or emarginate, lower 3-lobed; limb spreading; tube

slender abruptly incurved at or above the middle. Stamens 4, didyna-

mous, included; anthers 1-celled, vertical, dorsifixed, bases obtuse;

connective sometimes mucronate. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each

cell numerous; style thickened upwards; stigma entire. Hrwt an

oblong or globose loculicidal capsule ; valves entire, firm, septiferous,

separating from the placentas. Sceds many, small, ovoid or oblong,

reticulated—Distris. Species 20, in the tropics of the Hastern

Hemisphere.

SrrigA LuTEA, Lour. Flor. Cochin-Chin. 22. A slender, erect,

simple or fastigiately branched herb, 6 to 18 in. high; leaves and stems

scabrid or villous. Leaves linear, ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, -12 in. wide.

Flowers in elongated, usually interrupted spikes, 2 to 6 in. long; bracts

usually exceeding the calyx, linear-lanceolate, scabrid. Calyx 10-

ribbed, -25 in. long, teeth 5, sub-equal. Corolla white or yellow or pink

or purple, ‘5 in. long, glabrous, incurved; upper lip emarginate reflexed ;

lower lip 3-lobed spreading. Capsule oblong, grooved, shorter than the

ealyx. Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 363; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 299. S. hirsuta, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 502; Dalz. & Gibs.

Bomb. Flor. 181. 8S. coccinea, Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 364. S. phenicea,

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 364. Buchnera asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 630

partly ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 31; Benth. Seroph. Ind. 40. JB. coccinea,

Benth. Scroph. Ind. 40, Wall. Cat. 3870. B. phenicea, Benth. Scroph.

Ind. 40; Wall. Cat. 3874. Campuleia coccinea, Hook. Flor. Exot. t. 203.

Rheede Hort. Malab. IX. . 66.

Prnane: Curtis 1840! Panane: Ardley! Stncarore: Ridley 159 ;

Kurz! Anpamans: Port Blair, King ! Prain !—Distris. Throughout

S.H. Asia, Arabia, Madagascar, Africa.

13. CENTRANTHERA, R. Br.

Herbs, semiparasitic, annual, rigid, scabrous. Leaves opposite

throughout, or opposite below alternate above, oblong or linear, obtuse,

entire or toothed. lowers axillary, or in bracteate spikes or racemes ;

bracteoles 2. Calyx compressed, spathaceous, split on one side,

acuminate entire, or shortly 3-5-lobed on the other. Corolla 5-lobed ;

lobes sub-equal, spreading, the 2 upper inmost in bud; limb oblique ;

tube long, incurved. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; anthers con-

tiguous in pairs; cells transverse, spurred or mucronate at base, one

cell often sterile. Ovary 2-celled; ovules in each cell numerous ;

style simple, dilated above; stigma acute, linguiform. Fruit an ovoid

or sub-globose loculicidal capsule; valves entire, carrying away the

364 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

placentas. Seeds many, small, oblong-cuneate; testa lax, reticulate —

Distris. Species 4-5, H. Asiatic and Australian.

CENTRANTHERA HUMIFUSA, Wall. Cat. 3883. A dwarf herb, diffusely

branching from the base, hispid or glabrous, branches 3 to 6 in. long.

Leaves linear, entire, ‘5 to -75 in. long. Flowers in terminal spikes,

sub-sessile; bracts small. Calyx ovoid, sub-acute, 15 in. long. Corolla

yellow, ‘3 tod in. long, incurved. Capsule sub-globose, -15 in. wide.

Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 525; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 301.

fazumovia tranquebarica, Spreng. Syst. II. 812. Torenia lepidota,

Roth Nov. Sp. 281.

Mauacca: Griffith! Sincapore: Kurz /—Distrrp. China, Indo-

China, India, Malaya.

Order LXXXIV. OROBANCHACEA.

[By D. Pratn.]

Root-parasites, annual, white or reddish. Stem simple or branched,

stout or slender, clothed with leaf-scales. Leaves proper 0. Flowers

solitary or in spikes or racemes, irregular. Sepals 4-5, usually connate

in a variously toothed or spathaceous calyx, rarely free. Corolla

hypogynous, 2-lipped; upper lip vaulted, lower lip 3-lobed; throat

often with 2 villous folds; tube curved. Stamens 4, didynamous,

inserted on corolla-tube; anthers 1—-2-celled; cells spurred at the base,

dehiscence by slits or basal pores; one cell sometimes imperfect. Disk

unilateral or glandular or obsolete. Ovary of 2 connate carpels, usually

1-celled; style long, tip curved; stigma 2-lobed, sub-capitate ; ovules

usually numerous on generally 2 pairs of free or confluent parietal

placentas which sometimes meet in the axis of the ovary. Capsule

1-celled, 2-valved; seeds usually many, minute, with a pitted or

tubercled, rarely reticulate and lax testa; albumen fleshy; embryo

ovoid, entire or 2-fid.

AHGINETIA, Linn.

Leafless parasitic herbs with simple or branched naked or scaly

stems or scapes. lowers few, large, solitary or corymbose; brac-

teoles 0. Calyx spathaceous, split in front almost to the base.

Corolla incurved, campanulate-tubular ; limb obscurely 2-lipped, lobes

somewhat spreading, the two upper lobes (upper-lip) connate. Stamens

included; anthers with one perfect cell adnate to filament and not

spurred; the other cell absent in upper anthers, empty clavate and

deflexed in the lower. Ovary 1-celled; placentas large, 2-lobed or

multifid, filling the chamber, ovuliferous throughout; style slender;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 365

stigma large peltate. Capsule partially 2-valved. Seeds many, small,

crowded ; testa pitted —Distris. Species 3, 8.H. Asiatic.

AMGINETIA PEDUNCULATA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 13, t. 219. A

leafless herb, 3 to6 in. high; stems red or yellow, parasitic on roots,

buried, emitting several short stout fleshy several-flowered scapes with

alternate peduncled flowers; peduncles 1 to 4 in. long, stout, bracteate

at base; bracts -25 to -35 in., ovate, obtuse. Calyx 1:5 to 2 in. long,

fleshy, dull-pink at length yellowish-white, with a mucilaginous pad

surrounding base of corolla, tip acute or obtuse. Corolla-twbe yellow

or white, the lobes violet or claret-coloured, crenate and erose.

Stamens didynamous, anthers of lower pair with a large dorsal fleshy

decurved horn. Ovary 1-celled, placentas 2, each of 2 plates; stigma

cordate-peltate. Capsule ovoid. Seeds brown. Reut. in DC. Prod. XI.

43; Wight Il. t. 158n, f. 6; Ic. t. 1421; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV.

320. 4. abbreviata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3965; Benth. Scroph. Ind.

95; Reut.in DC. Prod. X1.48. 4. acaulis, Walp. Rep. III. 481; Reut.

in DC. Prod. XI. 48. Orobanche pedunculata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 45;

Peeing wi. 29). O. acaules, Roxb. Cor. Pl. WW. 89, & 292, and #1.

inde 29.

PeRAK: Batang Padang Valley, 2,000 feet; Wray 1456! 1457 !—

Distris. India, Indo-China, Java, Sumatra.

One of Wray’s specimens is attached to the rhizome of a Kempferia.

CHRISTISONIA, Gardn.

Low fleshy scaly parasitic herbs, with yellow or white or rose-purple

flowers; stems simple or tufted from a short or long rootstock; scales

alternate, obtuse or acute. lowers densely or laxly corymbose ;

bracteoles 2 or 0. Calyx tubular, terete or angular, 2—5-lobed or

-toothed. Corolla-twbe long, inflated or funnel-shaped, slightly or

distinctly curved, 5-lobed, obscurely to distinctly 2-lipped, the two

upper lobes (in our species outer in bud) sub-erect, the lower spread-

ing. Stamens 4, included or sub-exserted; filaments stout; anthers

with one perfect cell and one imperfect, one pair sometimes spurred

or appendaged ; rarely with both cells perfect. Disk 0. Ovary 1-celled

with two 2-partite placentas, or 2-celled from the placentas meeting in

the axis; style long, tip incurved, stigma large, 2-lobed, the upper lobe

very small or obsolete, the lower (sometimes the only one present) very

large orbicular or clavate; ovules numerous. Capsule ovoid or sub-

globose, loculicidal. Seeds minute, crowded, many perfect with striate

testa, others imperfect with lax testa; embryo half as long as the

albumen.—Distris. Species 12, tropical Asiatic.

366 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

CHRISTISONIA SCORTECHINIL, Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

LXXITI. 2. 205. Stem short hypogeal, covered with linear scales.

Flowers 3 to 8, crowded in a dense corymb; some shortly peduncled,

others sessile, each with an oblong cucullate basal bract -75 in. long;

all parts loaded with sticky mucilage. Calyx spathaceous, rupturing

into usually 2 (sometimes, fide Scortechini, into 2 to 4) lobes, in the

fully opened flower with tube 1 in., lobes :25 in. long. Corolla-tube

white, with a yellow line iside in front, 2 in. long, infundibuliform

and curved above, the lower part narrow-cylindric 1 in. long; limb

2-labiate, upper lip outmost in bud, erect, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed,

spreading. Stamens didynamous; anthers all conniving; filaments

elabrous, inserted below middle of corolla-tube, 1-celled, adnate to the

enlarged filament, upper pair without, lower with an empty oblong

pointed cell. Disk 0. Ovary glabrous, 1-celled, placentas 2, 2-fid,

uniformly covered with ovules; style glabrous downwards; stigma

peltate, flat, -2 in. in diam.

PERAK: Scortechim, 2121!

Order LXXXV. LENTIBULARIACEA.

[By D. Pratn. }

Marsh or aquatic herbs, or occasionally growing on wet rocks.

Teaves radical, rosulate or when submerged capillary-multifid, some-

times obsolete. Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite, on 1—many-flowered

simple or branched scapes; bracts small, sometimes 0; bracteoles

under calyx 2 or 0. Calyx inferior, 2-5-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped and

spurred ; upper lip usually the smaller, entire or emarginate ; lower lip

3—6-lobed. Stamens 2, adnate to the base of the corolla, alternate with

the lobes of the lower lip ; filaments widely curving, anther-cells ovate,

transversely confluent; dehiscence longitudinal. Carpels 2, connate in

a superior, globose, 1-celled ovary; ovules very many, on a free basal

placenta; style short; stigma unequally 2-lobed. Frmut a globose

2-4-valved, or irregularly rupturing capsule. Seeds very many, minute;

albumen 0.—Distrrin. Species nearly 200, in all parts of the world.

UrricunariA, Linn.

Herbs, often very small, submerged or floating, or growing on wet

rocks. Leaves in submerged or floating species multifid, with capillary

segments, in erect or twining species entire, often disappearing at time

of flowering, frequently with minute bladders. lowers on simple or

branched scapes, racemes few- or many-flowered; bracts and 2 bracteoles

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 367

distinct. Calyx 2-partite ; lobes entire or nearly so, often accrescent.

Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip entire or emarginate; lower larger

3-6-lobed ; tube with a straight or curved spur. Stamens 2, adnate to

base of corolla, alternate with lobes of lower lip; filaments broad ;

anthers ovate, 2-celled, or by confluence almost 1-celled. Carpels

connate in a globose l-celled ovary; ovules many, on a central

placenta; style short; stigma unequally 2-lobed. Capsule globose,

regularly 2-4-valved, or opening irregularly. Seeds many, small;

albumen 0.—Distris. Species 150, in most countries.

Leaves many, submerged, scattered, divided into numerous capil-

lary segments mostly interspersed with bladders; calyx-lobes

equal or nearly so; pedicels not winged :—

Flowers yellow to pale-yellow or nearly white :—

Peduncles very slender; flowers usually two, never more

than three, always under -25 in. across; pedicels in fruit

erect : sometimes the capillary leaves absent .. 1. U. exoleta.

Peduncles stout; flowers usually more than three, and

always from -35 to -5 in. across; pedicels reflexed in fruit

and thickened under the calyx ate 25 U. flexuosa.

Flowers blue or red or pink ; pedicels erect in fen .. 3. U. punctata.

Leaves few, rosulate at base of stem :—

Leaves linear or linear-spathulate, usually absent at time of

flowering ; calyx-lobes equal or nearly so; seeds not glochi-

diate :—

Scales of the scape and bracts attached by their bases :—

Stems erect :—

Flowers yellow ; pedicels in fruit distinctly winged .. 4. U. bifida.

Flowers pink, purple, or violet, rarely white with lilac

markings :-—

Pedicels in fruit slightly winged; sometimes a fm) ;

Le still present at time of flowering ; stems 8 to} 2 U- imis

2 in. high, stoutish bal VAR. Grifithit.

ee in fruit capillary, Shore Wiielues - leaves 0

at time of flowering; stems 2 to 3 in. high, very

slender a6 é0 .. 6. U. minutissima.

Stems twining ; omens salliems —

Stems slender, leaves absent at time of mel ier lower

Ke)

lip less than ‘25 in. wide ae 7. U. Wallichiana.

Stems stouter; leaves forming matted masses ; eran

lip over °3 in. ihe ee 8. U. involvens.

Scales of the scape and bracts scetaaed iopne neler

point of attachment :—

Flowers on distinct pedicels as long as the fruiting calyx

or longer; capsule longer than ane calyx-lobes ; flowers

pink (Ridley) 56 9. U. verticillata.

Flowers almost or quite sessile ; “capsule fdeen by the

fruiting calyx-lobes :—

Flowers few, scattered on the very slender scapes;) 10. U. racemosa

corolla white Es re 42 ..) var. filicaulis.

368 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers many or few, congested at the ends of the

stouter rigid scapes and branches; corolla rarely pure

white .. Se Ms ag .. ll. U. ophirensis.

Leaves orbicular or spathulate-orbicular, persistent; calyx-lobes

very unequal, the upper the larger; seeds glochidiate; stems

very slender, lip pale-violet or white with a yellow centre .. 12. U. orbiculata.

1. UrricunsRIA EXOLETA, R. Br. Prod. 430. A water-weed, some-

times floating with very slender stems and submerged divided capillary

leaves, the segments interspersed with bladders; sometimes growing

in mud with capillary leaves absentand with tufted setaceous leaves.

Scapes slender, naked, or with one or two scale-like bracts, 2 to 4 in.

long, usually 2-flowered, occasionally 3-flowered, sometimes 1-flowered,

then often with an abortive axis or flower-bud opposite the bract ;

pedicels slender, erect, the lowest ultimately -4 in. long; bracts very

small, obtuse, basifixed; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed; lobes slightly

unequal, ovate-obtuse or sub-orbicular, in fruit adpressed to the capsule,

‘Lin. long. Corolla yellow, ‘2 in. across; spur cylindric-conical, twice

as long as lower calyx-lobe and slightly exceeding lower lip of corolla,

which has an entire margin and embraces the base of the spur. Capsule

almost globose, ‘15 in. in diam. Seeds sub-trapezoid-discoid, margin

thin, spreading, minutely crenulate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 7; Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. U. diantha,

Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. I. 169; Wight Ic. t. 1569; Oliv. Journ.

Linn. Soc. ITI. 175. U. diflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 4. U. biflora, Roxb.

Fl. Ind. I. 148, nec alior. U. Roxburgh, Spreng. Syst. I. 52. U.

elegans, Wall. Cat. 1502. U. pterosperma, Edgew. Proc. Linn. Soe. I. 352.

PreRAK: Sunga Ryah, King’s Collector 891! 4383! Ridley! Sinea-

pore: Ridley. Prov. WELLESLEY: Ridley! JoHore: Parit Lombong,

Ridley ! Pawane: Kwala Pahang, Ridley! Nicopars: Kamorta, Kurz !

—Distris. S.H. Asia, N. Australia.

2. UrRicuLaRia FLEXxvOSA, Vahl Enum. I. 198. A floating water-

weed with submerged divided capillary leaves, the segments interspersed

with bladders; occasionally with narrow, oblong, floating vesicles

1 to 3 in. long, beset with capillary leaves, scattered or sometimes

whorled near or occasionally above the base of the scapes. Scapes

3 to 10 in. long, 3-12-flowered ; pedicels stout, reflexed, and slightly

thickened under the calyx in fruit, ultimately ‘3 to ‘5 in. long; bracts

ovate-acute, basifixed; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal,

ovate-sub-acute, in fruit patent, -25 in. long. Corolla yellow, rarely

white, -3 to °5 in. across; spur somewhat longer than lower calyx-

lobe, and about as long as lower lip of corolla, stoutish, bluntish,

straight or somewhat curved. Capsule compressed, sub-globose, ‘25 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 369

long. Seeds thickly discoid, margin thin, incurved towards the concave

face, usually 5-6-angled. Bl. Bijdr. 739; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 24;

Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 175; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329;

Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIIT. 10. U. australis, R. Br. Prod. 430;

A. DC. Prod. VIII. 6. JU. fasciculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 143; Wall.

Cat. 1499; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 7; Wight Ic. t. 1568; Migq. Flor. Ind.

Bat. Suppl. 246. U. confervifola, Don Prod. 84; A. DC. Prod.

VIII. 8. -U. mequalis, Benj. Linnea XX. 304. U. Blumei, Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. I1. 994. U. extensa, Hance in Walp. Ann. IIT. 3.

Matacca: Ridley! Panana: Kwala Pahang, [izdley! Prrax:

Scortechint ! Durian S. Batang, King’s Collector 1036! Srincarore:

Rirdley 5642, 9844! Kepan: Langkawi, Curtis !/—Distris. S.E. Asia,

N. Australia.

Forma gracilis, Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 175 (= U. mequalis,

Benj.) more slender in all its parts and with smaller paler yellow

flowers.

SINGAPORE: King’s Collector 1165! Hullett 36! 385! Matacca:

Cuming ! Goodenough 1407! Fidley! Prov. WELLESLEY: Firdley !

The very similar and nearly allied U. stellaris, distinguished most easily by the

presence of a cluster of oblong vesicles about the middle of the peduncle, has not been

reported so far from the Malayan Peninsula.

King’s Collector’s field-note on the slender form, which the writer agrees with Oliver

in considering no more than a form of U. flexuosa, is as follows: ‘‘ Herbaceous plant,

in clear pools of fresh water; colour bright green. Flowers pale yellow. I sent a

similar one from Durian 8S. Batang, but I don’t think the same.” His field-note on

genuine U. flexuosa is as follows: ‘‘ Growing in muddy pools of water; colour a dark

reddish-brown, tinged with green; flower bright yellow.”

In his interesting paper on the Utricularias of the Malay Peninsula (Journ. Bot.

for 1895, pp. 10, 11) Mr. Ridley gives as localities for U. flexuosa Pahang and Kedah,

Langkawi, but does not differentiate the two forms. The leaves, he remarks, are used

in medicine by the Malays, who call it Lumut Ekor Kuching (Cat’s Tail Moss) or Lumut

Ekor Kuning (Yellow Tail Moss).

3. UTRICULARIA PUNCTATA, Wall. Cat. 2121. A floating water-

weed, with submerged divided capillary leaves, the segments interspersed

with bladders, often with narrow, oblong, floating vesicles 1 to 3 in.

long, beset with capillary leaves, near the base of the scapes. Scapes

4 to 12 in., usually many-flowered; pedicels slender, ascending or

sub-erect in fruit, ultimately °5 to-6 in. long; bracts ovate, more or less

acute, slightly produced beyond base; bracteoles 0. Calyx 2-lobed,

lobes sub-equal, ovate-rotund, obtuse, ‘1 in. long. Corolla blue, reddish-

purple or pink, -25 in. across, spur somewhat longer than lower calyx-

lobe, shorter than lower lip of corolla, thick, sub-cylindric, obtuse.

Capsule thin, ovate-oblong, obtuse, ‘2 in. long. Seeds discoid, peltate,

370 Flora of the Malayan Penimsula.

margin winged throughout, wing deeply, sharply toothed. A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 5; Wight Ic. t. 1570; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soe. III. 175;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 329; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XX XIII. 10.

PaHanG: Chenei Lake, Fox /—Distrip. Borneo, Tenasserim.

4, UTRICULARIA BIFIDA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 26. A slender erect weed

of wet places; leaves radical, linear-spathulate, disappearing before

flowering, °3 to ‘5 in. long; roots fibrous, sometimes with afew bladders.

Scapes 2 to 10 in. long, 2-many-flowered, beset with a few basifixed

ovate-acute scales or empty bracts; pedicels short, in flower -12 in., in

fruit -2 in. long, recurved and distinctly winged from the decurrent

calyx, with ovate-acute basal bracts. Calyx 2-lobed; lobes sub-equal,

ovate-obtuse, ‘25 in. long. Corolla yellow, -25 in. wide; spur longer

than the lower calyx-lobe and as long as the lower lip of the corolla,

slightly faleate. Capsule ovate, -2 in. long, hidden by the calyx. Seeds

obovoid, testa lax, scrobiculate, obliquely striate. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 21;

Oliv. Journ, Limn: Soe: III. 182; Hook, f, Mor. Britain. Wyss se7

Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXITI. 10. U. biflora, Wall. Cat. 1498 (not of

Roxb.). U. diantha, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 21 (not of Roem. & Schult.).

U. Wallichiana, Benj. Bot. Zeit. 1845 214 (not of Wight). U. brevicaulis,

Benj. Linnza XX. 303.

Prenane: Curtis! Sevancor: Ridley! Prax: Larut, Scortechini!

Selama, growing among grass in swampy places, Wray 4263! Ridley !

Prov. WELLESLEY: in wet and swampy places, King’s Collector 1616!

SINGAPORE: in wet, sandy hollows, Kurz 2973! Ridley! Manacca:

Griffith! Hervey! Ridley! Panane: Kwala Pahang, Ridley 1481!

Kepau: Curtis—Distris. Throughout H. and §.E. Asia.

Mr. Ridley has seen specimens of this species from the Dindings and from Penang,

also from Kedah, Langkawi. He finds two rather distinct forms, a small-flowered,

plain yellow:one and a form with larger flowers over -25 in. long with a darker orange

centre; this latter Ridley found in Pahang growing with the common form.

5. UTRICULARIA AFFINIS, Wight; var. Groffithu, Oliv. Journ. Linn.

Soc. III. 179. A slender erect weed of wet places. Leaves radical,

linear or linear-spathulate, obtuse, very often persisting during

flowering, ‘5 to -7 in. long; roots fibrous, sometimes with a few

bladders. Scapes 5 to 12 in. long, usually many-flowered ; beset with

a few basified ovate-acute scales or empty bracts; pedicels short, -1 in.

long in flower, in fruit 15 in. long and slightly winged by the decurrent

calyx, erect or ascending, never recurved and rarely patent, with ovate-

acute basal bracts. Calyx 2-lobed-; lobes sub-equal, ovate or sub-

orbicular, acute or sub-cuspidate, ‘25 in. long. Corolla blue with

whitish lines, ‘25 in. wide; spur slightly longer than the lower calyx-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 371

lobe and the lower lip of the corolla. Capsule ovate, -2 in. long, hidden

by the calyx. Seeds obovoid, reticulate, cells of the testa sub-hexa-

gonal. U. Griffith, Wight Ic. t. 1576; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10.

U. cerulea, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 256 (not of Linn.).

Manaccoa: Griffith! Ridley! Perak: Scortechint! SINGAPoRE:

Hullett ! Ridley !—Distr1e. China, Burma, Tenasserim, Borneo.

There are only shrivelled leaves on Ridley’s and Wight’s specimens, which are

mostly in fruit; Scortechini’s specimens, which are in flower, have numerous radical

grassy linear-spathulate obtuse leaves, ‘5 in. long or rather longer. Mr. Ridley, in

all probability rightly, considers that this is entitled to specific rank apart from

U. affnis.

6. UTRICULARIA MINUTISSIMA, Vahl Enum. I. 204. A very small

erect weed of wet places; leaves 0 at time of flowering and not seen;

roots fibrous, bladders not seen. Scapes capillary, rigid, branched, 2 to

3 in. long, quite glabrous, or with a few rigid scattered black hairs;

racemes 2-5-flowered, beset with a few basifixed ovate-acute empty

bracts or scales; pedicels very short, in fruit only ‘05 in. long,

oceasionally like the upper calyx-lobe with a few straight black hairs,

sub-patent, with small lanceolate basifixed bracts and bracteoles, less

than half as long as their pedicels. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal

wide-oblong, obtuse, in fruit -1 in. long. Corolla mauve, ‘15 in. wide;

spur wide-conic-cylindric, thrice as long as lower calyx-lobe and twice

as long as lower lip of corolla. Capsule oblong, ‘07 in. long, covered

by the calyx. Seeds minute, ovoid, obscurely scrobiculate. A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 16; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. ITI. 190; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. IV. 334; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXITT. 11.

PerRAK: Larut, Scortechint 1501! Panane: Kwala Pahang, Ridley

1474c im part! Mauacca: Koenig; on Mount Ophir, Ridley.

This small plant, collected by Scortechini with no note of colour, and stated by

Ridley to have mauve flowers, is here identified with U. minutissima, Vahl, from

description only. The branched capillary stems render it very like and very liable

to be mistaken for small specimens of U. verticillata, which has, however, longer

pedicels and bracts produced below their point of insertion. The presence of hairs

on the stems, pedicels, and sometimes the calyx, at once suggests a reference to

‘U. hirta, which is undoubtedly its nearest affinity. The scape, however, appears

never to branch in U. hirta; the flowers in that species are larger and fewer; the

pubescence, too, when present in U. minutissima, which is not always the case, is very

different, consisting of rigid patent black bristly hairs, whereas in U. hirta the hairs

are soft and grey ortawny. The seeds of the two species are very similar, but those of

U. minutissima are smaller and yet have fewer- and larger-meshed sub-hexagonal

reticulations.

7. Urricunarnia WatLicaiana, Wight Ic. t. 1572, fig. 1. A very

slender herb growing in wettish fields and damp grassy places; stems

372 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

twining, thin, 6 to 8 in. long. Leaves linear-spathulate, absent at time

of flowering; bladders not seen. Flowers small, racemose or sub-

Spicate at ends of stems; pedicels sometimes absent, sometimes up

to ‘25 in. long; bracts lanceolate, acute, basifixed. Calyx-lobes ovate,

acute, ‘15 in. long, in fruit -2 in. long. Corolla yellow; upper lip

obovate, lower rounded, -2 in. wide; spur straight or slightly incurved,

‘2 in. long. Capsule sub-globose, enclosed within calyx-lobes, upraised

on the sub-erect fruiting pedicels. Seeds ellipsoid, scrobiculate but not

glochidiate or papillose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IIT. 182; Clarke

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 332; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 11.

U. scandens, Benj. in Linnea XX. 309 chiefly. U. macrolepis, Wight

Ic. t. 1580, fig. 2. fide Clarke. U. capillacea, Thw. Enum. 171 (not of

Oliv.).

Mauacca: Mount Ophir, at 4,000 feet elevation, growing among

grasses, fidley !—Distris. Throughout India.

8. UTRICULARIA INVOLVENS, Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXITI. 11. A

tufted herb forming mats of leaves on rocks in streams; stems twining,

fairly stout, 12 in. long. Leaves thinly membranous, spathulate-linear,

obtuse, 1 in. long or longer, ‘lin. across. Flowers large, racemed at

ends of stems; pedicels ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; bracts lanceolate, acute,

basifixed, ‘1 in. long. Calyx-lobes oblong-ovate, 25 in. long. Corolla

lemon-yellow ; upper lip obovate, lower rounded, 2-lobed, °35 in. wide ;

spur straight, pendulous, acute or acuminate, ‘25 in. long. Capsule

unknown.

Krpau: Kedah Peak (Gunong Jerai), at 3,000 feet elevation, in

streams and wet places, Ridley !

A very fine and remarkably distinct species.

9. UTRICULARIA VERTICILLATA, Benj. Linnea XX. 312. A slender

erect weed of wet places. Leaves 0 at time of flowering and not seen ;

roots fibrous, bladders not seen. Scapes slender, sometimes capillary,

rigid, branched, 3 to 10 in. long, glabrous; beset with a few ovate

scales or empty bracts, acute at both ends and produced downwards

beyond point of insertion; pedicels capillary, puberulous, °2 in. long in

flower, in fruit -25 in. long ; bracts and bracteoles produced below point

of insertion. Calyx 2-lobed, lobes sub-equal, sub-orbicular, in fruit -1 in.

long. Corolla (? yellow) -15 in. wide; spur wide-cylindric, slightly

exceeding lower lip of corolla. Capsule globose, ‘15 in. in diam.,

projecting beyond the closely adpressed calyx-lobes. Seeds minute,

with sub-hexagonal reticulations. Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 184;

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 333; Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXII. 10.

U. bifida, Wight Ic. t. 1584, f. 2 (not of Linn.).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 373

Kepan: Langkawi, Curtis! Mauacca: Griffith! Panane: Kwala

Pahang, Ridley 1481 in part !

Oliver has suggested that the colour of the corolla in this species is yellow, and the

fact that Ridley has mixed it (under his n. 1481) with U. bifida might be taken as cor-

roborating Oliver’s opinion. Ridley, in his paper on the Malay Peninsula Utricularias,

says, however, that the flowers are pink.

10. UrricunariA RACEMoSA, Wall.; var. filicaulis, Clarke in Flor.

Brit. Ind. IV. 333. A slender herb of damp places. Leaves linear

or spathulate, absent at time of flowering ; roots fibrous, bladders not

seen. Scapes erect, very slender, 2 to 4 in. high, rarely higher, rather

rigid, occasionally with a few branches, glabrous; beset with a few

ovate scales or empty bracts acute at both ends and produced below

point of attachment. Flowers few scattered sessile; bracts and

bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, attached above the base. Calyx 2-lobed,

lobes sub-equal, the upper slightly the longer, obtuse, ‘1 in. long «in

flower, in fruit -12 in. long. Corolla white, from -15 to °2 in. across;

spur straight, conical or sub-cylindric, longer than lower lip of corolla.

Capsule globose, ‘1 in. long, hidden by the adpressed calyx-lobes. Seeds

minute, obscurely scrobiculate. U. filicaulis, Wall. Cat. 1501; A. DC.

Prod. VIII. 21; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soe. III. 186. U: nivea, Vahl

Enum. I. 203 ; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 144; Wight

Ie. t. 1582. U. setacea, Wall. Cat. 6398 partly. U. campestris, Miq. in

Pl. Hohenack. n. 596. U. racemosa, Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10

(hardly of Wall.).

Manacca: Ayer Keroh, Ridley 10706! Pananea: Kwala Pahang,

Firdley 14744! Sincarore: Changi, Aidley. Prenana: Waterfall,

Curtis, fide Ridley—Distris. Indo-China, India.

This plant probably quite deserves to be considered a species distinct from

U. racemosa, though except in its usually smaller size and its white instead of blue

flowers, there is little to distinguish the two.

11. UTRICULARIA OPHIRENSIS, Ridl. Journ. Bot. XXXIII. 10. A

herb. Leaves linear-spathulate or spathulate, absent at time of flowering ;

roots fibrous; bladders not seen. Scapes erect 8 to 16 in. high, slender,

rigid, often branching, glabrous; beset with a few ovate scales or

empty bracts acute at both ends and produced below point of attach-

ment. J lowers sessile, clustered at the ends of the stems and branches

in globose or oblong heads °3 to °5 in. long, *25 in. across; bracts and

bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, attached above the base. Calyx 2-lobed,

lobes sub-equal, the upper slightly the larger, obtuse, ‘1 in. long in

flower, in fruit ‘12 in. long. Corolla -25 in. across, variable in colour,

the lower lip rose-coloured (Fzdley), both lips blueish with a yellow

374 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hairy gland in the centre of the lower lip inside (Scortechint), or white

(Curtis, Kunstler), or white with a yellow tinge (Kunstler); spur straight

with an incuryed tip (Ridley), or curved ascending (Scortechint), -2 in.

long. Capsule globose or depressed-globose, hidden by the adpressed

calyx-lobes, ‘1 in. long. Seeds oblong or obovate, brown, the broad

end glochidiate.

Perak: Larut, King’s Collector 1931! 3820! Thaipeng, Wray 131!

Scortechint 376! Prnane: Waterfall, Curtis! Matacca: Padang

Batu, Ridley 10091 !

This species, which is here sustained on the authority of Mr. Ridley, who knows

well the Malayan Utricularias in the field, does not differ very greatly from U. racemosa,

Wall.; not so much indeed as does the variety jilicaulis previously described. It

matters little whether the three forms are considered specifically distinct or are

treated as manifestations of one protean species. A drawing by Mr. Ridley shows

pink fiowers.

12. UTRICULARIA ORBICULATA, Wall. Cat. 1500. A slender herb

growing on wet banks, rocks, or tree-trunks. Leaves all radical or on

small offsets, persistent, orbicular or orbicular-spathulate, -15 in. across;

petioles distinct -15 to -25 in. long; roots fibrous, sometimes with

bladders. Scapes erect, sub-capillary, 2 to 5 in. long; usually

2-4-flowered, sometimes 6—10-flowered; naked or with one or two

empty scales, slightly produced at the base; flowers on capillary

pedicels -15 to -25 in. long, rather distant; bracts and bracteoles

minute, ovate-acute. Calyx 2-lobed, the lower lobe very much smaller

than the upper, both obtuse, the upper often emarginate, -12 in. long

in fruit and about as broad as long. Corolla pale violet or white with

a yellow centre, -2 to ‘25 in. wide, with an explanate 5-lobed lower

lip and a linear sub-acute spur -2 in. long about as long as the

lower lip. Capsule globose, ‘1 in. across, covered by the upper

calyx-lobe but projecting beyond the lower. Seeds minute, obo-

void, glochidiate throughout the upper thicker half. A. DC. Prod.

VIII. 18; Oliv. Journ. Linn. Soc. III. 187; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

Flor. 136; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 334; Ridl. Journ. Bot.

XXXII. 11. U. pusilla, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 165. U. glochidiata,

Wight Ic. t. 1581.

KepaH: Telayah Tujon, Curtis! Prrax: Larut, Scortechin

376! on Gunong Bubu, growing on steep side of hill in the sun,

amongst moss, at 5,000 feet, flower pale violet; Wray 3880! on

Gunong Mas, at 5,000 feet, flower white with yellow centre;

Wray 4146! Matacca: Mount Ophir, Griffith; Ridley !—Distr1p

Throughout §.E. Asia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 375

Order LXXXVII. BIGNONIACEA.

Trees or climbing shrubs, more rarely herbs. Leaves opposite,

rarely whorled or alternate, entire or 1- 2- 3-pinnate or digitate ;

leaflets entire or sometimes toothed. Inflorescence of terminal racemes

or panicles; bracts various; flowers showy, usually large, hermaphro-

dite, irregular or regular. Calyx gamosepalous, campanulate, truncate

or spathaceous or 2—5-lobed, valvate. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular-

ventricose, mouth 2-lipped; lobes 5, sub-equal, patent or erecto-patent,

bilabiately imbricate in bud. Stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes,

inserted on the tube, 5 or more usually 4 from the fifth being absent

or rudimentary ; filaments filiform, often slightly thickened and some-

times hairy at the base; anthers 2-celled, included or shortly exsert ;

cells oblong or linear, parallel or divergent, dehiscing longitudinally.

Disk hypogynous, cushion-like or annular, sometimes absent. Ovary

sessile or shortly stalked, superior, 1—-2-celled; style long, filiform ;

stigma of 2 flattened ovate or oblong lobes; ovules numerous, usually

horizontal, anatropous, inserted in 2 to many rows in vertical lines along

the edges of the septum in each cell. Frwit generally an elongate

capsule, loculicidally or septicidally bivalved; the septum enlarged in

fruit, deciduous together with the placentas. Seeds transverse, affixed

by their margins to the septum or to enlarged placentas, vertically

compressed, discoid or trigonous, often with a broad wing, embryo

usually enveloped in a fine interior membrane; exalbuminous, coty-

ledons flattened, sometimes folded, radicle stout, lateral.—DisTR1B.

Tropical regions of the world, a few in warm temperate regions ;

absent from Hurope, the Mediterranean region and New Zealand.

Species about 50.

Stamens 5; a tree with opposite 2-3-pinnate leaves and very

large flat capsules Si ab a6 .. 1. Ornoxyium.

Stamens 4; trees :—

Anther-cells 2, both perfect :—

Leaves 1-3-pinnate :—

Calyx spathaceous, split on one side o% .. 2. DoLIcHANDRONE.

Calyx lobed or truncate :—

Septum of the capsule cylindric, spongy :—

Septum prominently pitted; seeds trigonous, trans-

versely grooved without, inner lobe fitting into the

septum-pit; ovules 2-seriate in each cell.. .. 3. STEREOSPERMUM.

Septum only faintly pitted; seeds flat; ovules many-

seriate in each cell 50 4, RADERMACHERA.

Septum flat, capsule winged; a large tree with large

flowers .. aly 3a on .- 9. PAJANELIA.

376 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves simple, often verticillate ; calyx usually more or less

bilabiate Ss ie a: ae .. 6. DIPLANTHERA.

Anther-cells 1 perfect, 1 reduced to a small hook; a tall tree

with 2-3-pinnate leaves and very long narrowly-linear corolla-

tube. . 35 BI a6 gis .. 7. MimLineTonta.

1. Onoxyium, Vent.

A glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, large, 2-3-pinnate; leaflets entire.

Flowers large, in a long, stout, terminal raceme. Calyx large, leathery,

campanulate, truncate or obscurely toothed, persistent. Corolla large,

fleshy; tube campanulate-ventricose ; lobes 5, 2 in upper, 3 in lower

lip, recurved, toothed, crumpled. Stamens 5 inserted near base of tube,

posterior one the shortest. Anthers 2-celled; cells parallel, oblong.

Disk large, cushion-like. Ovary sub-sessile, contracted at the base,

compressed; style slender; stigma 2-lobed; ovules in 4 vertical rows

on each placenta, very many. Capsule very large, broadly linear,

compressed parallel to the septum, septifragally 2-valved. Seeds very

many, flattened, surrounded by a broad hyaline wing.—Distris. A

single §.H. Asiatic species.

OroxyLuM inpicum, Vent. Dec. Gen. Nov. 8 (1808). A small tree,

reaching 30 to 40 feet in height, with a clean bole and few branches or

often none, the head bearing leaves only ; branches thick; bark some-

what fleshy; pith large. Leaves extremely large, 1-3-pinnate, the

lower 3-, middle ones 2-, upper 1-pinnate ; 3 to 5 feet long, triangular in

outline; rachis smooth, striate, stout, swollen at the base (pulvinus) and

joints ; primary pinne about 45 pairs, the lower ones 2-pinnate at base,

pinnules 3- to 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate, entire, acuminate at apex, side

ones rounded and often unequal at base, terminal one cuneate at base ;

3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in. broad; main-nerves 4 to 5 pairs; petiolules

slender, -2 to:3 in. long. Kaceme branch-like, 2 to 3 feet long, very thick,

lower part prominently marked with the ovate scars of fallen pedicels ;

pedicels ‘5 in. long, stout; bracteoles fused with pedicels. Calyx cam-

panulate, 1 in. long, fleshy, truncate, with 5 short teeth. Corolla fleshy,

2°5 in. long, yellowish ; lobes much crumpled, red, villous on both sides.

Stamens 5, shortly exsert ; base of filaments woolly; anthers divergent

below; connective shortly mucronate. Disk fleshy, cupular, somewhat

lobed. Ovary oblong; style slender, hollow, as long as the stamens;

stigma 2-lobed, lobes rounded. Capsule shortly stalked, concave-flat, -

elongate oblong, 1:5 to 2°5 feet long, 2°5 to 3°5 in. broad, scarcely

‘3 in. thick, margins somewhat incurved, back keeled, valves woody,

septum flat. Seeds very many, flat, surrounded by a very thin, hyaline,

shining wing, somewhat rectangular in shape, 3 in. long, 1°d in.

broad; testa membranous; cotyledons emarginate, oblong. Kurz For.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 377

Fl. Il. 237 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 378; Trimen FI. Cey]l.

III. 281; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 66; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 327; Prain

Beng. Plants II. 787. Bignonia imdica, Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 625;

tamke Diet. i. 423: Roxb. Fl, Ind. Pi. 110; Wall. Cat. 6514.

B. pentandra, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 379. Spathodea indica, Pers. Syn.

II. 173. Calosanthes indica, Blume Bijdr. 760; DC. Prod. IX. 177;

Wight Ic. t. 1337; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 161; Bureau Monog. Bign.

(1864) t.9; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 752; Brandis For. Fl. 347. ‘ Palega

pajaneli,”” Rheede Hort. Mal. I. t. 43.

PENANG: Curtis 983. Prraxk: Scortechint 1613; King’s Collector

7033. Panane: common on the banks of the river from Pekan up,

flowers dull brownish-purple (Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. III.

326). Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1213.—Distris. India, Ceylon,

Burma, Sumatra (Forbes 1284), Java, and east to Cochin China.

2. DoLICHANDRONE, Fenzl.

Trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate, leaflets entire or toothed. Flowers

in terminal racemes or panicles, few, large. Calyx spathaceous, cleft

to the base down the front, caducous. Corolla-twbe long or short,

inflated above; lobes 5, nearly equal, crisped on the margin. Stamens

4, didynamous, included; anthers glabrous, the cells oblong, at first

parallel, afterwards divergent. Disk annular, cushion-like. Ovary

sessile; ovules numerous, usually many-seriate. Capsule elongate,

terete or somewhat compressed, straight or incurved, loculicidally

2-valved, the septum often thickened and making 4 spurious cells.

Seeds 1 to co-seriate on the margins of the septum, much compressed,

the wing thickened or hyaline-—Distris. Tropical Africa, Asia, and

Australia, about 15 species.

DouicHANDRONE RuaEEDI, Seem. Journ. Bot. VIII. 380 (1870). A

deciduous tree reaching 40 to 50 feet in height of stem; branchlets stout,

marked with prominent leaf-scars, innovations glabrous. Leaves

imparipinnate, 9 to 12 in. long, leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, with an end

~ one, rachis slender; side leaflets rhomboid, unequal at base, acuminate

at apex, margin entire or with few distant serratures, glabrous on

both surfaces, 3 to 4 in. long, 1°5 to 2:5 in. broad, main-nerves 6 to 7

pairs, petiolule slender, articulate at base, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long; end leaflet

similar, but equal at base; all nearly black when dry. Flowers few,

usually 1 to 4 in a short terminal corymbose raceme; pedicels glabrous,

1 to 1:5 in. long. Calyxz-tube closed in bud and beaked, spathaceous

in flower, 1:5 in. long. Corolla white, tubular-funnel-shaped, 4 to

7 in. long; tube slender at first, then gradually expanding; lobes 1 in. -

378 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, crenately crisped, recurved. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments

curved inwards; anther-cells large, oblong, divaricate. Ovary conical,

style slender, stigma of 2 rounded lobes. Capsule 1 to 2 feet long,

about 1 in. broad, flattened-cylindrical, faintly ribbed, septum thickened

in the middle on both sides. Seeds very many, overlapping in many

rows, rectangular (with the wings), ‘5 to -7 in, long, 3 in. broad, wings

corky; testa membranous ; cotyledons flat, deeply emarginate, the lobes

nearly orbicular; radicle short. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

319; Tumen Hh Ceyl. Ill. 282; Koord ce Vale bide ieoo se):

longissuma, K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 2B. 240, fig. 92

B-D. Bignona spathacea, Linn. f. Suppl. 283. B. longissima, Lour.

Fl. Cochinch. 380? Spathodea longiflora, Vent. Choix. n. 40. S.

Bheedu, Wall. Cat. 6516; DC. Prod. IX. 206; Wight Ic. t. 1339;

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLXVIII.; Kurz For. Fl. II. 234; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT-

754. S. ? Loureiriana, DC. l.c. 209? 8S. Diepenhorstu, Migq. lc. “ Nir

Pongelion,” Rheede Hort. Mal. VI. t. 29.

PENANG: Curtis 1184. Purax: Scortechint 1098; Wray 2501.

PAHANG: in mangrove swamps (fizdiey l.c.). Matacca: Griffith (K.D.)

4066; Maimgay (K.D.) 1210.—Disrrin. Malabar coast of India,

Ceylon, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malay Archipelago east to New

Guinea.

3. STEREOSPERMUM, Cham.

Trees. Leaves opposite, 1-2-pinnate; leaflets petiolulate, entire or

sometimes toothed. Flowers in large lax terminal panicles, white

pink or yellow. Calyx ovoid, open or closed in bud, truncate or

shortly unequally lobed in flower. Corolla campanulate or funnel-

shaped; mouth bilabiate, upper lip 2-, lower 3-cleft; lobes nearly

equal, rounded, crisped, toothed or laciniate. Stamens 4, didynamous,

included fifth rudimentary; anthers glabrous, cells linear divergent.

Ovary sessile, elongate, 2-celled; ovules numerous, 2-seriate in each

cell. Disk cupular, fleshy. Capsule elongate, terete or somewhat

angled, loculicidally 2-valved; septum thick, corky, cylindrical, pitted

to receive the seeds in alternating cavities. Seeds trigonous, with a

transverse groove without and a prominent ridge within, which fits

into a deep pit in the septum; wings membranous, lying flat upon

the septum; cotyledons folded, 2-lobed, radicle straight.—Disrris.

Tropical Asia and Africa. About 12 species.

STEREOSPERMUM FIMBRIATUM, DC. Prod. IX. 211 (1844). A large

deciduous tree, reaching 70 to 80 feet in height of stem and 1°5 to 3 feet

in diam. ; bark grey, rough; branchlets stout, innovations and inflores-

cence viscid-pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate, 1 to 2 feet long; rachis

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 379

grooved, viscid-pilose ; leaflets 7-9, side ones opposite slightly unequal

at base; end one equal, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate at apex,

rounded at base, entire, membranous, viscid-pilose at any rate when

young, afterwards glabrescent on upper surface; 4 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to

1:75 in. broad; midrib slender, main-nerves about 7 pairs, curving

upwards to and along the margin, reticulations prominent, transverse ;

petiolules of side leaflets -3 to -4 in. long, of end one 1-1°5 in., articu-

late. Panicle large, very viscid-pilose, dichotomously branched, 5 to

9 in. long and broad ; peduncle short, about °5 in. long, thick, secondary

peduncles 1 to 1-5in. long; pedicels slender, about ‘5 in. long ; bracteoles

very small, subulate, early caducous. Flowers pale lilac, the tube rather

darker. Calyx campanulate, viscid-pubescent without, glabrous within,

‘) in. long; lobes 5, rounded, very short, long-apiculate. Corolla-tube

funnel-shaped, -1 to -15 in. long; lobes 5, as long as tube, spreading,

long-fimbriate, the lacinize -025 in. long. Stamens 4, didynamous ; fila-

ments slender, glabrous; anther-cells linear-oblong, divaricate, recurved,

‘05 in. long. Ovary cylindric, glabrous ; style slender, stigma 2-lobed.

Capsule cylindric, more or less quadrangular, torulose, 1 to 2 feet long,

‘) in. in diam.; septum thick, corky. Seeds trigonous, with rather

thick wings; 1 in. long, -3 in. broad, deeply immersed in alternate pits

in the septum. Kurz For. Fl. II. 231; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TY. 383. Bignonia fimbriata, Wall. Cat. 6500.

JUNKSEYLON (Tongkah): Curtis 2912. Prrax: Wray 3334;

Scortechim 1746; King’s Collector 5701. Panane: Ridley lc.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1211.—Distris. Burma.

4. RADERMACHERA, Zoll & Mor.

Trees. Leaves opposite, 1—2-pinnate; leaflets petiolulate, entire.

Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, showy. Calyx urceolate,

open or closed in bud, entire or shortly lobed in flower. Corolla funnel-

shaped; tube narrow, mouth more or less 2-lipped, upper lip 2-, lower

3-lobed, the lobes spreading, rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, with

- a fifth sterile one, included; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, the

cells divaricate. Disk cupular, fleshy, entire. Ovary cylindrical ; cells

2; ovules very numerous in many rows in each cell. Capsule slender,

compressed, terete, often spirally twisted; the septum slender, con-

tinuous, cylindric or compressed, very faintly pitted and bearing on

each side a double row of seeds. Seeds very small, rounded, flattened,

resting on a very slight depression but not sunk in the septum; wings

hyaline, shining ; cotyledons flat, not lobed; radicle minute.—DisTRIB.

oD?

Burma, the Malay Peninsula, and Malay Archipelago. About 8 species. _

380 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 1-pinnate, leaflets prominently glandular at base, capsule

under 10 in. long .. ve a so .. IL. &. glandulosa.

Leaves 2-3-pinnate, leaflets not glandular at base, capsule over

15 in. long 6 80 O10 ae 50 .. 2. R. amena.

1. RADERMACHERA GLANDULOSA, K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Naturl.

Pflanzenfam. TV. 38, 243 (1894). A small tree with spreading branches,

reaching 15 to 30 feet in height and 6 to 12 in. in diam. of stem. ;

branches stout, with pale brown, corky bark; branchlets smooth, with

prominent oblong lenticels ; innovations slightly puberulous. Leaves

imparipinnate, 15 to 20 in. long ; rachis smooth, swollen at the nodes

and at the base, glabrous; leaflets 3 to 7, side ones opposite, slightly

unequal at base, end one equal, all furnished with prominent large

glands at the base above the petiolule, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or

abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base, entire, glabrous, chartaceous,

5 to 10 in. long, 8 to 5 in. broad; midrib slender, main-nerves 9 to 11

pairs, arching upwards to and along the margin; reticulations transverse,

prominent ; petiolules *3 to -4 in. long, end one 1 in. long. Pamnicles

terminal and occasionally axillary, 6 to 12 in. long; peduncle often

very long, branches short, scarcely -5 in. long, few-flowered ; pedicels

slender, -2 to -4 in. long; bracteoles minute, caducous; flowers white,

shaded with pink, calyx red. Calyx campanulate, truncate, persistent,

‘15 in. long, glabrous, margin undulate only. Corolla-twbe cylindric

below for -5 in., then campanulate for nearly 1 in., ‘5 in. wide at mouth,

glabrous without, slightly pubescent within; lobes 5, 2 upper smaller

than 3 lower, ‘3 in. long, margins slightly crispate-ciliate. Stamens 4,

didynamous, included ; filaments slender, anther-cells linear, -1 in. long,

divaricate, sterile stamen clavate. Disk cupular, glabrous. Ovary

oblong ; style slender, :75 in. long; stigmas 2, oblong. Capsule slender,

terete, 6 to 10 in. long, :25 in. broad; valves thin, chartaceous, flat

after dehiscence, slightly keeled on back; septum cylindric, slightly

pitted, white, spongy. Seeds very many, flat, -6 to °8 in. long and -05

to -1 in. broad (including the hyaline often fimbriate wings); testa

membranous; cotyledons flat, oblong, broader than long (:05 in.);

radicle minute. &. stricta, Zoll.; Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 28.

Spathodea glandulosa, Blume Bijdr. 762; DC, Prod. IX. 207; Mig. Fl.

Ind. Bat. II. 755. Bignonia Porteriana, Wall. Cat. 6509; DC. lc. 165.

Lagaropyxis glandulosa, Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I. 199. Stereo-

spermum glanduloswm, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 565; Clarke in Hook.

f, Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 383; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 74.

Prenane: Wallich 6509; Curtts 140. Perak: Wray 1346, 21438;

Scortechim 114, 1156; King’s Collector 3353, 6379; Kunstler 981.

Mauacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1217; Goodenough 1960. Smnancor: Ridley

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 381

8537. Nuari SEMBILAN: Goodenough 1860. Panana: Ridley 1.c.—

Distriz. Burma (Lobb), Sumatra (Morbes 2663, 2693), Java, Borneo

(Beccarz 811).

2. RADERMACHERA AM&NA, Seem. Journ. Bot. VIII. 146 (1870). A

very tall tree, reaching 80 feet in height, all parts glabrous; branches

thick, with prominent leaf-scars. Leaves 2-3-pinnate, apparently 2 feet

long or longer, the lower pinne only again divided, the upper ones simply

pinnate; rachis smooth, thick, swollen and articulate at the nodes,

enlarged at foot; petiole about 6 in. long, all joints easily separating

when dry: leaflets oblong-lanceolate when young, elliptic-oblong when

old, shortly and abruptly blunt-acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate

at base and slightly decurrent, glabrous, entire, coriaceous, 4 to 6 in.

long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed above, main-nerves

about 10 pairs, joined at about -25 in. from the margin in a looped

nerve, secondary nerves alternate with the main-neryes, reticulations

obscure ; petiolules -4 or °5 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Panicles much and usually trichotomously

branched, rachis terete, upper branches channelled; peduncle about

5 in. long; pedicels slender; bracteoles minute, rounded; flowers

white, tinted with pink outside and with yellow streaks within; the

calyx dark red. Calyx in bud closed, in flower 2-lipped, the lips bluntly

apiculate; tube and lobes equal, °3 in. long, glabrous, deciduous.

Corolla-twbe shortly cylindric at first for 2 to °3 in. long, then cam-

panulate, glabrous; lobes nearly equal, rounded, crenulate on the

margins, *2 to ‘3 in. long. Stamens 4, with an abortive fifth; filaments

thickened and glandular-hairy below, slender and glabrous above ;.

anther-cells linear, curved, divaricate, the connective prominently

apiculate. Disk cupular, glabrous. Ovary oblong, flattened; style

slender, as long as tube; stigma bilobed, lobes lanceolate; cells 2,

ovules very many. Capsule slender, torulose, 12 to 18 in. long, 3 in.

broad ; valves thin, chartaceous, flattened after dehiscence and then

‘25 in. broad, keeled on the back; septum cylindric, spongy, speedily

caducous, bearing on each border a row of small seeds. Seeds (with

wings) 7d in. long, -1 to 15 in. broad, wings hyaline, rounded; testa.

membranous; cotyledons flat, oblong, longer than broad; radicle

minute. Kurz For. Fl. Il. 232. R&. gigantea and R. Lobbii, Miq. in

Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ITI. 250. Spathodea amena, DC. Prod. IX. 208.

S. Lobb, Teys. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdsch. XXV. 413. Spathodea

gigantea, Bl. Bijdr. 761; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 755; DC. lc. 207.

Bignoma amena, Wall. Cat. 6512 and Pl. As. Rar. II. 78. t. 183.

Lagaropyxis gigantea, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. I. 198. Stereospermum

hypostictum, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. IV. 384; Koord. & Val.

TBuijeliay aye:

382 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

PERAK: Scortechint 1496; Wray. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 4070;

Maingay 1212 (part). Sincapore: Maingay (K.D.) 1212 (part); Cantley

79,204.—Distris. Tavoy, Java.

5. Pasanewia, DC.

A large tree, glabrous except the flowers. Leaves large, impari-

pinnate ; leaflets entire, numerous. lowers large, in large terminal

thyrsoid panicles, dark red. Calyx large, ovoid and closed in bud, in

flower ventricose-campanulate; lobes 5. Corolla-twbe eylindric below,

ventricose-campanulate above, wide at the mouth; limb sub-bilabrate,

lobes 5, spreading, recurved, unequal. Stamens 4, with a rudimentary

fifth, didynamous, sub-exsert ; filaments slender ; anthers glabrous, cells

oblong, divergent. Disk annular. Ovary 2-celled, ovules on each

placenta numerous, co-seriate. Fruit an elongate narrowly oblong

capsule, loculicidally dehiscing, the septum contrary to the valves, the

margins of the valves extended in broad wings. Seeds in several rows

on the edges of the septum, compressed, with hyaline wings; cotyledons

flat, radicle small.Distrip. A single 8.H. Asiatic species.

PAJANELIA MULTIJUGA, DC. Prod. IX. 227 (1845). A large evergreen

tree, reaching 60 to 80 feet in height and 2 feet in diam. of stem;

glabrous except the corolla; bark :25 in. thick, dark grey, rough; branches

thick, lenticellate. Leaves imparipinnate, 1:5 to 3 feet long, glabrous;

rachis angular ; leaflets 10 to 12 pairs with a terminal one, very unequal-

sided, elliptic-ovate, acute at apex, rounded at base on the upper, cuneate

on the lower side, chartaceous, margins entire recurved, 4 to 8 in. long,

2:5 to 3'5 in. broad; midrib slender, main-nerves 9 on upper, 7 on lower

side, reticulations transverse ; petiolule stout, -2 to -3 in. long. Panicles

thyrsoid, 12 to 18 in. long; rachis stout, fleshy, lenticellate; primary

branches 1 to 2 in. long, similar, secondary di- tri-chotomously branched ;

pedicels ‘5 in. long; bracteoles minute; flowers large, pale yellow,

throat purple within. Calyx closed in bud, in flower campanulate,

1 to 1:5 in. long; tube broad at base with keel-like folds without, lobes

5, irregular, acute. Corolla 2 to 2:0 in. long, cylindric below, then

somewhat constricted, then ventricose-campanulate ; lobes 5, unequal,

at first parallel-sided, then broadening into a blunt rounded crispately

crenulate limb; the upper part of the tube and the lobes, especially on

the margin, grey-pubescent. Stamens 4 with a rudimentary fifth,

didynamous; filaments slender, glabrous; anther-cells oblong, diver-

gent. Disk annular, pulvinate, glabrous. Ovary sessile, oblong; style

slender, angled, broadening upwards into a 2-lobed clavate stigma ;

cells 2, ovules very numerous. Capsule flat, lanceolate, broadly winged,

the wings split, glabrous, 1 to 1:5 feet long, 2 to 2:5 in. broad; septum

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 383

transverse, quadrangular in section. Seeds exceedingly numerous, in

many rows and imbricating, curved; furnished at either end with a

very thin hyaline wing, seeds and wing reaching 1:5 in. long and ‘5 in.

broad; testa membranous; cotyledons obcordate, flat; radicle slender.

Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 20; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 237. P. Rheedii, Wight

Te. tt. 1343-4; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 384; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.

CLXIX.; Cooke Bomb. Fl. Il. 333; Prain Beng. Plants II. 790.

Bignonia indica, var. 8 Linn. Sp. Pl. 871; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 460.

B. Pajanelia, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. 316. B. longifolia,

Willd. Sp. Pl. III. 306; K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3s,

944. B. multijuga, Wall. Cat. 6503 and Pl. As. Rar. 1. 81, tt. 95, 96.

*« Pajaneli,”’ Rheede Hort. Mal. I. 44.

Prenane: Jack. PERAK: Scortechini ; King’s Collector 2616, 3958.

—Distris. Hastern Bengal, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malabar coast.

6. DreLANTHERA, Banks & Solander.

Trees, more or less hairy. Leaves undivided, large, opposite or

whorled. lowers large, yellow, in short thick panicles among the

uppermost leaves, the primary branches of the panicles shortly ver-

ticillate and densely cyme-bearing. Calyx campanulate, oblong and

closed when young, with 2 to 5 valvate lobes connivent in flower and

sometimes sub-bilabiate. Corolla tubular-ventricose ; lobes 5, rounded,

sub-equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, exsert; filaments involute in bud;

anthers glabrous; cells linear, at first parallel, afterwards divaricate.

Disk thick, pulvinate. Ovary sub-sessile, ovules densely many-seriate.

Capsule oblong-fusiform, woody, loculicidally 2-valved; septum flat,

thick. Seeds many-seriate, between the margins of the septum, flattened,

with a broad hyaline wing.—Distris. From the Malay Peninsula to

New Caledonia and Australia: about 6 species.

DirPLaNTHERA BANCANA, Scheffer in Nat. Tijdschr. XX XI. 334 (1870).

A lofty tree; branches stout; branchlets pale brown, pubescent, marked

with lenticels and prominent leaf-scars. Leaves chartaceous, undivided,

ovate, obtuse at apex, cordate at base; margins irregularly undulate,

furnished with 1 to 2 glandular pits on the upper surface at the inser-

tion of the petiole; both surfaces slightly pubescent, especially beneath

and on the nerves; 8 to 13 in. long, 5 to 8 in. broad; midrib stout,

main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, the lowest 3 close together and spreading

more or less downwards or horizontally, the rest distant, irregular,

often branched at two-thirds of their length, the branches all anasto-

mosing near the margin; reticulations prominent, transverse ; petiole

stout, 2 to 4 in. long, base articulate. Panicles terminal, 4 to 5 in. in

diam., tawny-villous; common peduncle 5 to 6 in. long, :25 in. thick ;

384 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.,

branches easily disarticulating ; pedicels slender, ‘75 in. long; bracts

leafy, spathulate, ‘2 in. long; bracteoles linear-subulate, *1 to -2 in. long ;

flowers yellow. Calyx campanulate, closed in bud, 5-lobed in flower,

‘7 to ‘8 in. long; often 2-labiate, the upper lip with 2 divisions of 2 lobes

each, the lower 1-lobed, acute ; tube puberulous without. Corolla tubular-

ventricose, 1 in. long; lobes 5, uppermost and 2 lowest acute; side lobes

broadly obtuse, margins incurved; tube glabrous except for a ring of tawny

hairs at the insertion of the filaments. Stamens 4, filaments inserted a

little above the base of the tube, involute in bud; anther-cells linear,

pendulous. Ovary oblong; style slender; stigmas 2, lanceolate ;

ovules very many. Capsule 6 in. long, 1:2 in. broad, smooth, valves

boat-shaped after dehiscence. Seeds 1:5 in. long, -75 in. broad, winged

on 3 sides; cotyledons flat, emarginate, -15 in. long, :25 in. broad.

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 385.

Penance: Curtis 870, 1569. Mauacca: Walker 283 ; Maingay (K.D.)

1214.—Distris. Bangka (Teysmann 7666).

7. Minnierontia, Linn. f.

A tall tree with corky bark. Leaves opposite, 2-3-pinnate ; leaflets

entire or crenate. lowers white, in terminal corymbose panicles.

Calyx small, cupular, truncate or with 5 short teeth. Corolla white ;

tube long, slender; limb obscurely bilabiate; lobes 5, sub-equal, sub-

valvate, the 2 upper connate to near the middle. Stamens 4, didy-

namous, with no rudimentary fifth, shortly exsert, inserted on the

mouth of the tube; anthers l-celled, the second cell rudimentary,

hooked. Disk annular, cushion-like. Ovary sub-sessile, cylindric-

conical; style slender; stigma bi-lobed; ovules numerous, in about

4 rows on each placenta. Capsule linear, compressed parallel to the

septum, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds very many, flattened, surrounded on

3 sides by a thin hyaline wing.—Disrris. A single §.H. Asiatic species.

MILLINGTONIA HoRTENSIS, Linn. f. Suppl. 291 (1781). A tall erect

tree reaching a height of 80 feet and a girth of 6 to 12 feet; bark

corky, deeply fissured ; branches stout, drooping ; branchlets somewhat

slender, flattened, lenticellate; innovations and young leaves slightly

pubescent. Leaves opposite, 2-3 pinnate, about 1:5 to 2 feet long or

longer ; rachis \angular, channelled; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, truncate at base, membranous; glabrous when old,

pubescent when young; margins entire or (in young plants and shoots

chiefly) broadly crenate; 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib

prominent, raised on both surfaces as are the 4—5 pairs of main-nerves ;

petiolules slender, in upper leaflets often none. Pamicles 8 to 12 in.

long, branches divaricate ; rachis somewhat angular, flattened ; peduncles

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 385

1 to 3in. long; bracts and bracteoles very small, caducous; pedicels

slender, °3 to ‘4 in. long; flowers white. Calyx cupular, ‘1 in. long;

lobes very shallow, rounded, recurved. Corolla-tube very slender,

15 to 2°5 in. long, about -07 to -1 in. broad, glabrous; lobes ovate-

oblong, acute, pubescent within, ‘5 to °6 in. long, ‘2 to ‘3 in. broad.

Stamens inserted at the top of the tube; filaments slender, °4 to °5 in.

long; anthers rounded, ovate. Ovary slender; style very slender,

exsert, stigma-lobes ovate. Disk cushion-like, ‘05 in. high. Capsule

about 12 to 15 in. long and ‘75 in. broad, acute at both ends; valves

woody, septum ultimately free. Seeds in several rows along the margins

of the septum, much overlapping, including the wing about 1 in. by

‘) in.; wing narrow at the apex, hyaline. DC. Prod. IX. 182; Wight

Ill. 16 ds fig. 6; Bureau Monog. Bign. t. 8; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. t.

249; Brandis For. Fl. 347; Kurz For. Fl. II. 238; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.

Br. Ind. IV. 377; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 334; Prain Beng. Plants 788.

Bignoma Azedarachta, Koen. Ann. Bot. I. 178. B. suberosa, Roxb.

Cor. Pl. IIT. 11, t. 214 and Fl. Ind. III. 111; Wall. Cat. 6513.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1215. Sinearorze: Deschanps.—

Distris. India, Burma (fide Kurz), Sumatra (Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Swppl. 565).

Whether the specimens were gathered from really wild trees there is nothing to

show, but if Kurz is right in his statement that the cork-tree, so well known in India

in cultivation, is wild in tropical forests from Martaban to Tenasserim, it may well

occur in a wild state further south in the Peninsula.

Order LXXXVIII. PEDALINEA.

[By D. Pratw.]|

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate,

entire toothed or lobed; stipules 0. Flowers irregular, solitary or,

rarely, clustered or racemose, usually axillary; pedicels short ; bracts

minute or0. Sepals 4-5, slightly connate below. Petals connate in a

tubular-ventricose corolla; limb 5-lobed, obscurely 2-lipped; lobes

imbricate. Stamens 4, didynamous, rarely 2. Carpels 2, connate in a

2-celled, rarely 1-celled ovary ; ovules many or few, superposed ; style

filiform ; stigma shortly 2-lobed. vuzt hard, indehiscent, or a 2- (less

often 3-4-) valved capsule. Seeds without wings ; albumen 0.—DisrTRIB.

Species about 40, in tropical and sub-tropical countries.

SEsamum, Linn.

Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite below, alternate above,

entire toothed, lobed, or divided. lowers axillary, solitary or few and

ed Ue Oe eee Bi.

386 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fascicled, shortly pedicelled. Sepals connate in a small 5-partite calyx.

Corolla 2-lipped ; tube ventricose; lobes rounded, those of the upper

lip rather smaller than the others. Stamens 4, didynamous, included ;

anthers sagittate, cells sub-parallel, distinct. Carpels connate in a

2-celled ovary; cells soon divided into two chambers by a false dissepi-

ment intruded between the placentas; ovules many, 1-seriate in each

chamber; style filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit an oblong or ovoid

capsule, usually 4-angled and 4-grooved, 4-chambered, loculicidally

_ Q-valved. Seeds many, obliquely oblong, somewhat compressed,

foveolate-—Distris. Species 10, Africa and S.H. Asia.

SesamMum inpicum, DC. Prod. IX. 250. An erect pubescent or

puberulous herb, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves oblong or ovate, variable, the

lower often lobed or pedatisect; the middle ovate, toothed ; the upper

often narrow-oblong, sub-entire ; blade 3 to 5 in. long; petioles -5 to

2in. Flowers axillary, solitary rarely 2-3-nate; pedicels -5 in. long.

Calyx-lobes -25 in. long, lanceolate. Corolla pubescent, 1:25 in. long,

whitish or with red, or purplish, or yellow marks. Capsule oblong,

tetragonous, erect, scabrid-pilose, 1 in. long, uniformly -25 in. wide

throughout ; apex usually shortly acuminate; dehiscence usually by

2 valves half-way down, sometimes to the base, and sometimes each

valve subsequently divided. Seeds brown, smooth. Wall. Cat. 6408 ;

Wight Ill. 163; Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. IV. 387; Bot. Mag. t. 1688.

S. orientale, Linn. Sp. Pl. 634; Gaertn. Fruct. IT. 132 t. 110; Lamk Ml.

t. 528 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III. 100. 8S. luteum, Retz Obs. VI. 31; DC.

Prod. IX. 250. S. occidentale, Her. & Reg., DC. Prod. IX. 250; Thw.

Enum. 442. Rumph. Herb. Amb. t. 76, f. 1. Rheede Hort. Malab.

IX. tt. 54, 55.

PenanG: Wallich ! King! Prrax: Wray! Scortechint! Mauacca:

Derry ! Jownore: Fielding! Sinearore : Hullett /—Distrip. Culti-

vated in all hot countries.

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CONTENTS.

wah Page, es

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, No. 16—By

Be _ Str Georcz Kine, K.C.LE., UL.D., F.R.S., late Superin-*

; _ tendent of the Roy al Botanic Garden, Calcutta,and J. SYKES

ec oy C.LE., oF R.S., late of the Indian Forest Daas ; ns

- Materials for a Toes of the Malayan Poninsina No. By Be

Grorce Kine, K.C.1.E., UL.D., F.R.S., late Superinten-

dent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. SYKES

GamBe, C.LE., F.R.S., late of the Indian” Porest Depa: > oe

ment 25 We, Fe a Sees

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, ae -18—By :

Sir Gzorce Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superin- — ee

: tendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. SYKES esate ey

GamBie, OC. ees ER. S., late Se the Indian Forest = tin ae

ment ae, aa Ae Be tay sy 295

JOURNAL & PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENCAL.

Vol. LXXIV, Part 2.

1908.

: DCCXLVI-MDCCXCN

LONDON:

PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, AND PUBLISHED

BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK,'STREET, CALCUTTA.

1908.

Issued Feb. 20th, 1908.

Price, Rs. 8,

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

For the year 1907.

President a

‘The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Asutosh ) Motchopadhaye, M. Any D ‘bey

B.R.S.E.

Vice- Presidents :

T. H. Holland, Hsq., F.G.S., F.R.S.

G. Thibaut, Esq., Ph.D., C.LE.

_ Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri, M.A.

Secretary and Treasurer :

Seed Secretary :—Lieut. Colonel D. C. Phillott.

Treasurer :—J. A. Chapman, Esq.

Additional Secretaries :

Philological Seeretary :—Lieut. Colonel D. CG. Phillott.

Natural History Secretary :—I. H. Burkill, Esq., M.A,

Anthropological Secretary : :—N. Annandale, Esq.,

C.M.Z.S.

Joint Philological Secretary : —Mohamahopadiyaya. ‘Satis

Chandra Vidyabhisana, M.A., M.R.A.S.

Medical Secretary :—Lieut.-Colonel F. P. Maynard, I.M. Ss.

_ Numismatic Secretary :—Lieut. Colonel W. Vost, TM Br

Other Wanihers of Council :

W. K. Dods, Esq.

T. H. D. La Touche, Esq., B.A., F.G.S.

C. Little, Esq., M.A.

Hari Nath De, Esq., M.A.

J. A. Cunningham, Esq., B.A.

Major W. J. Buchanan, I.M.S.

H, G. Graves, Esq. ee.

Lieut, Colonel G. fF, A, Harris, M.D., F.R.C.P., LM. S. a

Babu Mon Mohan ee M.A., B. L.

}

1908

“DEC 1

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Von. LXXIV., Part II.—Extra Number, 1907.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula—By Str GrorcEe

Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal

Botame Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Gampue, C.LE., F.B.S.,

late of the Indian Forest Department.

ING eto:

This part contains three Families, Nos. 75 Apocynacee and 76

Asclepradacee, both done by Mr. Gamble, with No. 77 Loganzacee,

done by Sir G. King, with the exception of the genus Strychnos, con-

tributed by Mr. Gamble.

The 3 Families comprise 86 genera and 234 species. There are

2 new genera and 70 new species.

Family LXXV.—APOCYNACEA.

Trees or erect or climbing shrubs, rarely herbs; more or less latici-

ferous. Leaves simple, generally opposite, sometimes whorled, rarely

alternate or scattered, entire, penninerved ; stipules none or represented

by interpetiolar ridges or glands. Inflorescence generally of terminal

or pseudo-terminal or axillary cymes which are solitary or clustered in

2- or 3-chotomous panicles, corymbs or pseudo-umbels; bracts usually

small and caducous; flowers small to large, often showy, hermaphrodite,

regular. Calyx inferior; tube usually very short; lobes 5, imbricate,

often with (usually scale-like) glands inside near the base. Corolla gamo-

petalous, salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate urceolate

or subglobose, often with scales or a ring or protuberances in the mouth

of the tube; lobes 5 (rarely 4), spreading, often contorted or twisted in

bud, rarely valvate, overlapping to the right or left (as seen from out-

side). Stamens 5, rarely 4, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted in

the corolla-tube or on its mouth; filaments short, often decurrent in

388 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

ridges inside the tube; anthers linear-oblong or sagittate, free or

connivent in a cone and adhering to the stigma by the connective ;

cells 2, longitudinally dehiscing, sometimes produced at the base in

barren spurs; pollen granular, usually spherical, with 3 pores or 2 to 3

rounded protuberances. Dzsk none, or annular or cupular, or reduced

to 2 to 5 seales or glands. Ovary superior, free or somewhat adnate

to the disk, 1-celled with 2 parietal placentas, or 2-celled with axile

placentas, or of 2 distinct or partially connate carpels; ovules in each

cell 2 or few or many and 2- to o-seriate, rarely solitary, anatropous,

usually pendulous; style 1, entire or divided at the base; stigma various,

usually ending in a bifid apiculus and frequently with a ring or other

appendages, often viscous. Prwt a dry or fleshy drupe, berry or

samara, or of two baccate or follicular mericarps. Seeds various, often

compressed, sometimes winged, sometimes with a tuft of hairs at one

or both ends; testa coriaceous, crustaceous or membranous; albumen

hard, fleshy or scanty or none; embryo straight; cotyledons flat,

concave, convolute or contorted; radicle superior.—Distris. Chiefly

tropical; genera about 110 to 120; species probably about 1000, or

even more.

Anthers included, free from the stigma, cells rounded at the

base; corolla-lobes usually overlapping to the left :—

Ovary of 2 wholly combined carpels, 1—-2-celled; fruit large,

usually fleshy or pulpy within; seeds without wing or pencil

of hairs (coma) (Tribe I. Cantsszm) :—

Ovary 1-celled, with parietal ovules :—

Fruit indehiscent ; albumen none Pe .. 1. WILLUGHBEIA.

Fruit 2-valved ; albumen present . CHILOCARPUS.

Ovary 2-celled, with axile ovules :—

Flowers 4-merous; albumen none; corolla-throat naked 3. Lruconoris.

Flowers 5-merous; albumen present; corolla-throat with

lobed scales : 4, MeLopinus.

Ovary of 2 distinct pareelen united ie He style ; truit various,

seeds peltate (Tribe II. PhumERiz@) :—

Calyx eglandular within; carpels 1-2-, rarely 4-6-ovuled ;

fruit of 2 1-seeded drupes or berries, rarely moniliform

(Subtribe 1. Ravwonriinz) :—

Leaves usually whorled :—

Albumen ruminate; erect or Sabet shrubs with

more or less coriaceous leaves .. : 5. ALYXIA.

Albumen even; erect shrubs with foes or soft teaver

membranous when dry B6 .. 6, Ravwonrta.

Leaves opposite; disk none; albumen again .. 7. Hunveria.

Calyx glandular within :—

Carpels 2-, rarely 4-ovuled, ovules on opposite sides of a -

thick placenta; fruit a 1- or 2-seeded drupe or berry

(Subtribe 2. Cerperinz) :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves alternate or scattered; corolla funnel-shaped,

large, lobes overlapping to left ; fruit drupaceous, over

2 in. long - -6 {36

Leaves opposite or agile parole Beiter entorn,

lobes overlapping to right :—

Leaves usually whorled, fleshy when green, membra-

nous when dry; fruit drupaceous, over 2in. long .. 9.

Leaves opposite, membranous to subcoriaceous; fruit

capsular, angled .. or ag so iD:

Carpels 6-m-ovuled ; fruit of 2 follicular mericarps

(Subtribe 3. HupLuMERIINzE) :—

Leaves in whorls, main-nerves prominent; cotyledons

flat :—

Follicles slender, long, cylindric; seeds small, ob-

long, with tufts of hair at the ends; style filiform ;

stamens usually near the top of the tube Soild:

Follicles very large, stout; seeds large, with a

membranous wing; style none or minute; stamens

usually at the middle of the tube te eo As

Leaves opposite :—

Follicles slender, with comose seeds; style short;

cotyledons complicate an ae oo Hey

Follicles stout, short, with arillate mon-comose

seeds; style filiform; cotyledons flat .. 14.

Anthers included or exserted, conniving in a cone around he

top of the style and adherent to the stigma by a point on the

connective, cells produced downwards into empty spurs; ovary

of 2 distinct rarely connate carpels united by the style; fruit

of 2 follicular mericarps ; seeds comose at one or both ends

(Tribe III. Ecurrmprem) :—

Anthers more or less exserted (Subtribe 1. Parsons11nz) :—

Corolla-lobes valvate; carpels connate in flower so UG

Corolla-lobes imbricate ; carpels separate :—

Corolla-throat naked; cotyledons flat :—

Corolla rotate; connective of anthers thickened at

back ee sa 6:

Corolla hiypecrtontonms: chnnentine not thickened oe Alrte

Corolla-throat usually with scales, rotate or hypocrateri-

form; cotyledons convolute Be Se oo) 1S

Anthers included :—

Corolla-throat with 5-10 scales (Subtribe 2. Nerina) :—

Corolla-lobes long or tailed Se ae sb, UO:

Corolla-throat naked (Subtribe 3. Kcu1rrprinz) :—

Corolla-lobes valvate or overlapping to the left :—

Corolla-lobes valvate, tube urceolate; flowers minute.. 20.

Corolla-lobes overlapping to left, tube subcampanulate ;

flowers small we seeds

Corolla-lobes imbricate, erentanpine to the sist —

Corolla minute, urceolate, lobes scarcely twisted to left

in bud .. a a ea ee

389

CERBERA.

OcHROBIA.

Kopsta.

ALSTONIA.

DyYERA.

HonaRRHENA.

FEIRVATAMIA.

PARSONSIA.

VALLARIS.

Porrsta.

WRIGHTIA.

STROPHANTHUS.

URcEOLA.

PARAMERIA.

IicDYSANTHERS.

390 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Corolla hypocrateriform, lobes twisted to left in bud :—

Seeds beaked :—

Lobes of corolla not markedly spiral in bud; beak

of seed with tufted coma :—

Albumen of seed present; flowers, leaves and

follicles very large oc ae .. 23. CHONEMORPHA.

Albumen of seed none; flowers, leaves and

follicles moderate-sized.. aie . 24. Ruyncwopta.

Lobes of corolla markedly spiral in bud; coma of

seed decurrent on the beak 2 .. 25. ANODENDRON.

Seeds not beaked :—

Seeds narrowed at the end; cotyledons linear :—

Albumen seanty; corolla-lobes entire, rounded 26. CLreGHORNIA.

Albumen copious; corolla-lobes fimbriate, acu- :

minate 56 20 .. 27. IcHNOCARPUS.

Seeds usually broadened a ie end :—

Cotyledons oblong, or linear-oblong; corolla

rather large, lobes more or less rounded :—

Calyx 5-partite, lobes lanceolate; cymes

corymbose :—

Apex of seed slender below the tuft of the

coma; follicles terete . 28. AcGanosma.

Apex of seed broadly fattened below fie

tuft of the coma; follicles more or less

flattened oe : 29. TRACHELOSPERMUM.

Calyx 5-fid, lobes narrow ; cymes ‘pains 30. EpIGyNUM.:

Cotyledons narrowly linear ; corolla very small,

lobes very oblique, usually forked .. .. 31. MicrEcurrss.

The following plants of this Family are cultivated, and seem to be

occasionally found run wild in the Peninsula :—

1. AnLAMANDA CATHARTICA, Linn. Mantiss. II. 214 (1771). A

scandent milky shrub, native of South America. It has oblanceolate

acuminate leaves in whorls of 2 to 4 and large yellow flowers. Prnanea:

G. King ; Deschamps. Stncarore: T’. Anderson.

2. Carissa Caranpas, Linn. Mantiss. I. 52 (1767). A large ever-

green thorny shrub, native of India, with small white flowers and an

edible fruit. Manacca: Maingay.

3. LOCHNERA ROSEA, Reichb. Consp. Reg. Veg. 134 (1828). A

garden shrub with shining obovate leaves and white or pink flowers ;

common in gardens, and also found run wild on roadsides especially

near the coast. It is probably native of the West Indies. Prnane:

Curtis 1067.

There are probably others, which, like Plumeria acutifolia, Poir.,

Nervum Oleander, Linn., and Thevetia nerwfolia, Juss., are commonly

cultivated in gardens in the Peninsula, but do not run wild. We have,

however, seen no specimens.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 391

Tribe I.—CaRISssEa.

1. WiInLuGHBEIA, Roxb.

Large sarmentose or climbing shrubs, generally bearing tendrils

which are modified peduncles. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate,

penninerved. Flowers in dense, rarely in lax, axillary cymes; pedicels

enlarged in fruit. Calyx 5-partite, eglandular. Corolla hypocrateriform,

the mouth naked; lobes broad or linear, overlapping to the left, nearly

straight in bud. Stamens inserted near the base of the tube, included ;

anthers lanceolate, the connective apiculate, the cells rounded at the

base. Disk none. Ovary entire, 1-celled; style short, its top obconic

or urceolate; stigma capitate or ovoid-conical, often slightly annulate

at the base and slightly bifid at the apex; ovules numerous, on two

parietal placentas. Fruit a large globose berry with a hard pericarp.

Seeds numerous, embedded in pulp, ellipsoid, compressed; albumen

none; cotyledons fleshy, thick, plano-convex; radicle short.—DuistTRIB.

India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; about 12

species.

Cymes with stout peduncles and pedicels; stamens usually near

the base or middle of the corolla-tube; stigma conical, on a

short style (Subgenus I. KuwiniuGHBEtra) :—

Main nerves of leaves 6 to 8 pairs; leaves orbicular or elliptic,

pale when dry, glaucescent beneath; corolla-lobes lin. long 1. W. grandiflora.

Main nerves of leaves 10 to 16 pairs, rather distant :—

Corolla-lobes :3 to ‘4 in. long; leaves scarcely coriaceous :—

Cymes few-flowered, nearly Bae se leaves long acu-

minate .. é 2. W. edulis.

Cymes many- guerad: present leaves phen or with

a short blunt tip oc oC ave .. 38. W. oblonga.

Corolla-lobes under °25 in. long; leaves coriaceous or

nearly so :—

Main nerves flattened on lower surface of coriaceous leaves 4. W. coriacea.

Main nerves sharp and slender on lower surface of thinly

coriaceous leaves d. W. firma.

Main nerves of leaves over 20 pairs, Prallel one closer —

Corolla-lobes -3 in. long; leaves thinly chartaceous, up to

10 in. long, blunt-acuminate at apex -- 6. W. martabanica.

Corolla-lobes -4 to -7 in. long; leaves fhanly! coriaceous,

hardly over 6 in. long, sharply acuminate at apex .. 7. W. tenuiflora.

Cymes with slender peduncle and pedicels; stamens near the

top of the corolla-tube; stigma cylindric, seated on the obconic

top of the slender style (Subgenus IJ. Urnunarta) :-—

Main nerves of leaves under 20; corolla-lobes ovate, recurved

in flower ie se 8. W. flavescens.

Main nerves of leaves over 20; eerolle lobes actowly oblaae:

erect in flower . ae Se fy .. 9. W. rufescens.

392 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. WILLUGHBEIA GRANDIFLORA, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. III. 625 (1882). <A stout climbing shrub; branchlets

stout, dark brown to nearly black; tendrils woody, thick, branched.

Leaves coriaceous; orbicular or elliptic, obtuse or with a very short

blunt broad acumination at apex, rounded at base; glabrous and

shining, pale reddish-yellow on the upper surface, cinnamon-coloured,

soft and glaucescent on the lower; margins slightly recurved; 3

to 5 in. long, 3 to 35 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed on

the upper surface, somewhat flattened on the lower; main nerves

6 to 8 pairs, distant, impressed above, raised beneath, at an angle of

about 60° with the midrib, at first straight then curving near the

margin to meet in an irregular intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves

few and chiefly near the apex; reticulations transverse, distinct but not

prominent; petiole stout, rugose or corrugated, channelled above, °5 to

lin. long. Cymes sub-sessile, crowded, puberulous; bracteoles broadly

ovate, ciliate; pedicels stout, ‘05 to -1 in. long; buds cylindric-clavate,

‘45 in. long; flowers white, reddish at base. Calyx broad, thick, ‘1 in.

long; lobes rounded, much imbricate, obtuse, ciliate, longer than the

short tube. Corolla-tube slender, ‘5 in. long, slightly dilated near the

base opposite the stamens, villous within above the stamens; lobes

1 in. long, oblong-spathulate, long-ciliate on the margins, rounded at

tip. Anthers lanceolate, apiculate, base cordate, -06 in. long; filaments

slender, short, curved. Ovary broad-conical; style short, cylindric, urn-

shaped at top; stigma conical, bifid, branches slender. F'rwt not seen.

Ancyclocladus glaucinus, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. nouv. sér. 98.

Maxacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1047.— Distris. Borneo (Beccari

3335; Haviland 2301, 3045). .

2. WILLUGHBEIA EDULIS, Roxb. Cor. Pl. ITI. t. 280 (1819), and Fl.

Ind. Il. 57. A large climbing shrub; bark dark brown, tubercled;

branchlets slightly angled, pale brown to dark brown, prominently

lenticellate; tendrils long, branched. Leaves chartaceous when dry;

oblong or obovate-oblong, long acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;

olivaceous-brown and dull on the upper surface, reddish-brown and

sometimes shining on the lower; margins crispately undulate, slightly

recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 2°5 to 3-25 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed

on the upper, raised on the lower surface; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs,

starting at an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib and curving upwards

to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, chiefly near the

ends; reticulations transverse, fairly prominent; petiole -2 to ‘6 in.

long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, about as long as the petioles;

peduncle stout, -15 in. long; bracteoles ovate, acute, early caducous,

leaving a prominent scar; pedicels short, angular; buds oblong-clavate,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 393

about ‘5 in. long; flowers white or pink. Calyx-lobes ‘05 to ‘075 in.

long, ovate, acute, ciliate; tube shorter than lobes. Corolla-tube

cylindric, dilated in the middle opposite the stamens; lobes lanceolate,

‘35 to -4 in. long, ciliate on the edges. Anthers sub-sagittate, -05 in.

long; filaments short, bent. Ovary conical, acute; style short; stigma

conical, striate, puberulous. Berry large, sub-ovate, the size of a lemon ;

pericarp orange-coloured, thick. Seeds many, in a yellowish fibrous

pulp; cotyledons thick, fleshy. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 321; Kurz For.

Fl. IT. 165; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 623 (en part); Bl. Bijdr. 1034 ;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 391. Hunteria ?, Wall. Cat. 9066.

Dinpines: Pangkor, at Gunong Tunggyal, Curtis 1629.—DisrRris.

India (Assam, Sylhet, Chittagong), Burma.

3. WILLUGHBEIA OBLONGA, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. III. 625 (1882). <A large climbing shrub; branchlets very stout,

obtusely angled, with pale greyish-brown bark rough with close-set

small lenticels. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong,

obtuse at apex or with a short broad blunt or almost emarginate

acumination, rounded at base or somewhat acute when young, almost

auricled ; both surfaces when dry dark reddish-brown, opaque; margins

recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib broad, flat on the

upper, raised on the lower, surface; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, irregu-

_ larly spaced, the lower ones rather near together, the middle and upper

ones further apart, starting at about 70° with the midrib and gradually

curving upwards to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few

and inconspicuous; reticulations many, irregularly netted; petiole

stout, ‘25 in. long. Cymes small, sessile, dense-flowered, pubescent ;

bracteoles ovate acuminate; pedicels -05 in. long; buds oblong-clavate,

‘25 to ‘din. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, ciliate, pubescent within,

‘075 in. long; tube thick, short. Corolla-tube cylindric, 2 in. long,

dilated in the middle opposite the stamens; lobes ‘3 to -4 in. long,

linear-oblong, ciliate at the margins. Anthers lanceolate, apiculate,

‘05 in. long; filaments short, curved. Ovary glabrous, conical; style

slender; stigma conical. Berry many-seeded, oblong; pericarp leathery,

‘rough. Seeds ovoid, ‘5 in. long; testa thin; cotyledons fleshy.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1089; at Ayer Pands, Goodenough 1396.

4, WILLUGHBEIA CORIACEA, Wall. Cat. 1620 (1829), and Pl. As. Rav.

Ill. 45 (1832). A large glabrous climbing shrub; branches stout,

obscurely angled, black, enlarged at the nodes; branchlets slender,

angled, smooth; tendrils slender, branched. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic

or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex,

cuneate or rounded at base; glabrous and shining on both surfaces

when dry especially on the upper, both surfaces reddish-brown when

394 ‘Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

dry, the upper tinged with olivaceous; margins recurved, more or

less cartilaginous; 3°5 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib

stout, broad, impressed above; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at

70° with the midrib, at first straight then curving to near the margin,

where they are joined by small loops, raised on the upper, raised and

flattened on the lower surface; reticulations obscure, more visible

on the upper surface; petiole -3 to ‘4 in. long, stout, channelled

above. Cymes sessile, crowded, less than 1 in. long; bracteoles very

small, broad, obtuse, persistent, ciliate; flowers white; buds cylindric-

clavate, -4 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx ‘15 in. long, subhemispheric; lobes

rounded, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla thickly coriaceous; tube inflated in the

middle opposite the stamens, constricted at the base and at the mouth,

‘15 to 2 in. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, -25 in. long, the margins incurved.

Anthers ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, °05 in. long; filaments slender,

short. Ovary ovoid-globular, conical, glabrous; style short, ‘025 in.

long; stigma cylindric-conical with a broad white annulus at its base.

Berry obovoid, 3 in. long by 2:25 in. in diam., yellow when ripe; peri-

carp thick, leathery. Seeds red, ‘75 in. long, embedded in pulp, which

hardens in drying. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 321; Hook. f. Fl Br. Ind.

IIT. 623; Mig. FL. Ind. Bat. II. 391.

PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtis 847; Riudley 9359. PrErRax:

Scortechim ; King’s Collector 5331, 6976. Mauacca: Griffith ; Maingay

(K.D.) 1048; Curtvs 3485; Derry 120, 399, 461, 1190, 1198. Stvearore:

Wallich 1620; Lobb; Hullett 511, 626; Rzdley 1641, 3594, 9501.

5. WILLUGHBEIA FIRMA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 154 (1850). A

large glabrous climbing shrub; branches stout, obtusely angled, bark red-

dish-brown or -grey, smooth, fissured; branchlets similar, nearly quadran-

gular, lenticellate ; tendrils branched, slender. Leaves thinly coriaceous ;

elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely acumi-

nate at apex, acute or cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, shining,

the upper more or less olivaceous when dry, the lower reddish-brown ;

margin slightly recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 2:25 in. broad; midrib

stout, rather impressed above; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, slender,

starting at an angle of 70° to 75° with the midrib and at first straight

then curving and branching so as almost to meet near the margin,

prominent on the under, obscure on the upper, surface; secondary

nerves few, between successive main nerves and at a different angle;

reticulations distant, obscure; petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, stout. Cymes

axillary, sub-sessile, many-flowered, not much longer than the petioles ;

bracteoles broadly ovate, obtuse; buds oblong-clavate, -3 to ‘4 in. long,

striated by the lobes of the corolla; flowers white or pale yellow.

Calyx campanulate, ‘1 to *15 in. long; lobes half the length, ovate,

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 395

obtuse, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated in the middle opposite

the stamens, ‘2 in. long; lobes as long as or slightly longer than the tube,

linear-oblong, margins sometimes incurved, glabrous. <Anthers ovate,

acute, 03 in. long; filaments slender, short. Ovary ovoid, acute; style

short; stigma ovate-conical with a bifid tip. Berry ovoid or pyriform,

orange-yellow, 3 to 4 in. long, 2 to 2:5 in. broad; pericarp thick. Seeds

embedded in pulp, red, ‘5 in. long or longer, elliptic-oblong, plano-

concave; testa membranous; cotyledons thick. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.

390; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 624; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2344; Stapf in

Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, 1V. 207. W. Burbidger, Dyer in Kew Gard.

Rep. 1880, 44, 46.

Kepau: on Lankawi Island, Curtis. PrEnana: Curtis 1500; Ridley

9468. Prrax: Scortechine 651, 2120; Wray 5, 594, 3208, 4176; King’s

Collector 6663, 10050, 10854. Matacca: Griffith ; Derry 101; Hervey ;

Irving 228; Curtis 3476. Stnearore: Murton 58; Cantley 95; Ridley

4491, 4431, 5718, 6522.—Distrre. Sumatra, Borneo (Beccarz 2273;

fiidley 9055, &c.).

This species is with difficulty distinguished from W. coriacea, but its leaves are

less coriaceous, and the main-nerves are usually closer, and are slender and sharp

instead of being broad and flattened. The fruit is edible, and the stems give a kind of

gutta-percha or rubber (Curtis). Curtis’s specimens bear the Malay names ‘“‘ Gutta

Garoo,” “‘ Gutta Garok,” ‘‘ Getab Ujol,’”’ ‘‘Getah greep betina.’’ The Fl. Br. Ind.

gives ‘‘ Gutta Singgarip,” after Murton. As Stapf remarks in Hook. Ic. t. 2344, the

Kew material shows that, in Borneo especially, there are varieties locally known by

different names, and differing chiefly in the fruit, which ought to be studied on

the spot.

King’s Collector 7729 from Gunong Budo, Perak, at 500 to 800 ft., seems to be a

large-leaved variety of this species. The leaves reach 7 in. in length and 3:5 in. in

breadth; when dry they are greenish on the upper and shining brown on the lower

surface. The flowers are in sessile cymes, and the corolla has oblong blunt lobes.

6. WILLUGHBEIA MARTABANICA, Wall. Cat. 1619 (1827), and Pl. As.

Rar. III. 45, 6. 272 (1832). A large glabrous climbing shrub; branches

stout, dark brown; branchlets dark brown, lenticellate; tendrils long,

branched. Leaves thinly chartaceous; oblong or ovate-oblong, or

_oyate-lanceolate, or obovate, shortly, bluntly and abruptly acuminate at

the rounded apex, or with a short broad obtuse or emarginate point,

acute or cuneate at base; both surfaces shining, the lower paler;

margins recurved, undulate; 3 to 10 in. long, 1:25 to 3-5 in. broad;

midrib stout, slightly channelled above, raised beneath; main nerves

very many, 20 to 26 pairs more or less, parallel, at an angle of from 70°

(middle) to nearly 90° (ends) with the midrib, straight to near the edge

and then rather suddenly curving and anastomosing ; secondary nerves

very many, between and often difficult to distinguish from the main-

396 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves, frequently recurrently branching; reticulations many, prominent;

all more or less raised on the upper surface; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long,

slender. Cymes axillary, sessile, about twice as long as the petiole,

dense-flowered; pedicels scarcely ‘05 in. long, pubescent; bracteoles

ovate-lanceolate, sheathing the cyme-branches; buds oblong-clavate,

about ‘5 in. long; flowers pink or orange-yellow. Calyx deeply lobed,

nearly glabrous, ‘1 in. long; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Corolla-

tube cylindric, slightly dilated in the middle opposite the stamens,

‘175 in. long, slightly pubescent within; lobes oblong-falcate, obtuse,

‘3 in. long, margins sparsely ciliate. Anthers sagittate, the tips nearly

reaching the throat of the corolla-tube; filaments slender. Ovary

broadly ovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma cylindric-conical. Berry

ovoid-globose, 3 to 4 in. in diameter; pericarp orange-yellow, thick,

hard, the seeds embedded in a fibrous edible yellowish pulp. Seeds

flattened, nearly orbicular in outline; testa leathery; cotyledons thick,

conform to the seed, plano-convex; radicle minute. A. DC. Prodr. VIII.

321; Kurz For. Fl. II. 165. W. edulzs, Roxb.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

623 (7m part). W. dulcis, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III. 319.

Penane: Curtis 687. Mauacca: Griffith ; Goodenough 1450.

PanHAnG: at Praman, near Pekan, Ridley 1022.—Distrris. Burma.

7. WILLUGHBEIA TENUIFLORA, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. Fl.

Br. Ind. IIT. 625 (1882). A large climbing shrub; branches with black

bark; branchlets greyish-brown, lenticellate, striate when dry; innoya-

tions puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, membranous when young ;

elliptic, elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate, sharply and somewhat abruptly

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous and some-

what shining when dry, the upper dark olivaceous-brown, the lower

bright reddish-brown; margins cartilaginous, recurved, almost revolute ;

4 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent, red;

main nerves 20 to 30 pairs, very slender, the middle ones at from 70° to

80° with the midrib, the upper at a less angle, the lower nearly or quite

at right angles, straight to near the margin where they branch and

curve slightly, prominent beneath, less so above; secondary nerves

occasional, between and similar to the main-nerves; reticulations in-

visible except in very young leaves; petiole ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, channelled

above. Cymes axillary, about twice as long as the petioles, densely

crowded with many short few-flowered branches, rusty-puberulous like

the calyx, pedicels and bracteoles; bracteoles ovate, acute, deciduous ;

pedicels ‘05 to -1 in. long; buds oblong-clavate, elongate, reaching

nearly 1 inch; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; lobes ovate, obtuse,

ciliate, 1 in. long. Corolla-tube narrowly cylindric with a nearly

globular dilatation close above the base and opposite the stamens,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 397

‘4 in. long, villous within above the stamens; lobes -4 to -7 in. long,

oblong-faleate, obtuse. Anthers cordate-lanceolate, ‘075 in. long; fila-

ments slender, puberulous, bent close to the back of the connective and

there attached to a broad swelling. Ovary hemispheric, top nearly

truncate; style short, thick, ellipsoid; stigma conical. Berry 4 in.

long, “pyriform, abounding in caoutchouc; pericarp thick, leathery;

seeds many, naked; cotyledons pink, fleshy” (Mazngay).

Perak: Ridley 3075; Wray 3773. Diypines: Curtis. Matacca:

Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1049; Curtis 3484; Hervey ; Cantley 105;

Goodenough 1785. Stnearpore: Fizdley 11333.— Distris. Sumatra

(van Romburgh 469).

Curtis says that the caoutchouc of this species is of no use. Wray No. 3773 is a

specimen in young fruit; the fruits terminal! but otherwise like other specimens.

The apparently terminal fruits probably arose from the cymes of the uppermost axils,

the much enlarged pedicels having absorbed the rest of the small inflorescence or

caused it to fall. The Sumatra specimen has a less puberulous inflorescence, but

otherwise does not seem to differ.

8. WILLUGHBEIA FLAVESCENS, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. III. 625 (1882). A slender climbing shrub, all parts glabrous ;

bark dark grey, rough, with large elliptic lenticels; branchlets dull

greyish- or reddish-brown when dry, obtusely angled, the nodes

swollen, bases of fallen leaves tuberculate. Leaves coriaceous ;

elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded or sometimes

shortly cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, the upper dark

greenish-brown, the under pale reddish-brown when dry; margins

cartilaginous, recurved; 2°5 to 4°5 in. long, 1:25 to 2:25 in. broad;

midrib stout, impressed above; main nerves slender, 16 to 20 pairs,

rather irregular in angle and spacing, usually at from 70° to 80°

with the midrib, and curving gently to and along the margin, raised

beneath ; secondary. nerves many, between the main-nerves and

similar to them; reticulations very oblique, sometimes nearly parallel

to the nerves, raised beneath; petiole -4 to ‘6 in. long, bordered

_by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary, sessile, as

long as or up to twice as long as the petioles, dichotomous; branches

slender ; pedicels -1 in. long; bracteoles minute, acute; buds conoidal at

tip, 2 to ‘3 in. long. Calyx -06 in. long, campanulate, with 5 deep

ovate, acute, ciliate lobes. Corolla hypocrateriform; the tube elliptic-

ovoid ‘15 in. long, mouth much constricted; lobes ovate-faleate, acute,

recurved in flower, -15 in. long, margins involute. Stamens near the

apex of the tube, included, ovate; filaments short, geniculate. Ovary

elliptic-ovoid, glabrous, narrowed into the ‘075 in. long slender style,

which is obconic at top; stigma small, cylindric, rounded at tip.

398 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Berry yellow or greenish-yellow turning to red, ovoid-cordate or nearly

globose; 3 to 4 in. in diam.; pericarp thick, coriaceous, smooth. Seeds

few, large, embedded in pulp, elliptic, about ‘6 in. long by 4 in. broad;

testa membranous; cotyledons plano-convex, thick; radicle minute.

Chilocarpus flavescens, Kew Gard. Report, 1880, 47. Urnularra flave-

scens, Stapf in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2711, p. 2.

Perak: King’s Collector 7286, 7848. Province WELLESLEY :

Ridley 9889. Matacca: Hervey. Stnearore: Murton 120; Ridley

6936, 10123; Cantley 52.

We do not propose to separate ‘‘ Urnularia”’ from ‘‘ Willughbeia.” Dr. Stapf has

kindly explained that he proposed the new genus under the belief that the seeds were

albuminous, which, however, he finds now they are not. The mistake arose from a

fruit of another dpocynacea, presumably one-half of a follicle of a species of Rejoua,

having been mixed up with the flowering specimens of Urnularia ovatifolia.

9. WILLUGHBEIA RUFESCENS, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. ITI. 626 (1882). A large climbing shrub, glabrous; branches dark

greyish-brown, swollen at the nodes, obtusely angled, rough; branchlets

cinereous-brown when dry, slender. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong

or -lanceolate, very obtusely short-acuminate at apex, cuneate or

rounded, often unequally, at base; glabrous on both surfaces, olivaceous-

brown and shining above, dull and reddish-brown beneath; margins

recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to 1‘ in. broad; midrib, stout, deeply im-

pressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 20 to 25 or more (the apex

ones very close and difficult to count) pairs, at an angle of about

75° with the midrib, straight to near the margin where they curve;

secondary nerves many, between the main nerves and similar to them,

reticulations oblique; all faint on the upper, rather thick and distinct

on the lower surface; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long. Cymes axillary, sessile,

slightly longer than the petioles with few slender short lax few-flowered

branches; bracteoles minute, ovate; pedicels -2 in. long, slender; buds

linear-oblong, ‘25 in. long; flowers yellow. Calyx under °1 in. long,

deeply lobed; lobes broadly ovate, subacute, ciliate on the margins.

Corolla hypocrateriform; tube ellipsoid, glabrous, -15 in. long; lobes

narrowly oblong, obtuse, erect when open, ‘15 in. long, margins incurved.

Anthers ovate, apiculate; filaments geniculate, slender, inserted below

the middle of the tube. Ovary broadly ovoid, as long as the calyx;

style short, ‘(06 in. long, ending in an obconic top; stigma narrow,

cylindric. Berry (immature) globose, 1:5 to 2 in. in diam.; pericarp

thick, leathery, smooth. Seeds embedded in pulp.

Perak: Scortechini. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1092; Hervey.

ProvincE WELLESLEY: at Krian, Ridley 9389. Sincarore: Ridley

3996, 6023, 6047, 6143.—Distrip. Sumatra (forbes 3232).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 399

2. CHILOcCARPUS, Blume.

Sarmentose or scandent woody shrubs. Leaves coriaceous or char-

taceous, opposite, petiolate, penninerved, the main-nerves numerous,

nearly at right angles to the midrib, sometimes indistinct. Flowers

usually small, slender, in dense axillary cymes or terminal or axillary

trichotomous panicles; pedicels enlarged in fruit. Calyx 5-partite, the

lobes short, glands none. Corolla hypocrateriform; the tube cylindric,

slightly dilated at the insertion of the stamens, the throat without

scales; lobes 5, short, broad, twisted, overlapping to the left, twisted

to the right. Stamens inserted at or below the middle of the tube,

included; anthers lanceolate, acute, the cells rounded at the base,

inappendiculate. Disk none. Ovary entire, 1-celled, with 2 parietal

prominent multi-ovular placentas; style short; stigma conical or ovoid,

faintly bifid; ovules 2- or many-seriate on each placenta. FPrwt a

fleshy berry, ultimately bivalved, dehiscent; pericarp thick. Seeds

embedded in pulp with fibrous and corky arils, numerous, compressed

or thick, often grooved near the hilum; either with thin testa and

horny albumen, or with thick granular testa and thin albumen, albumen

equable or ruminate; cotyledons flat sub-foliaceous, broad or narrow ;

radicle elongate, terete—Distris. India, Burma, Malay Archipelago

and Peninsula, and tropical Australia; species about 16 to 18.

The nature of the corky processes which we call ‘‘ arils”’ above is a little difficult

to understand. They are well shown in the excellent figure of the fruit of C. suaveolens,

Bl., in t. liii. in Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I., but the author gives no explanation

of his drawings. We prefer to use the word aril, as it seems to us the most explana-

tory. When the fruits and seeds of ali the species are known, it may be possible to

make two genera, or, at any rate, two subgenera, according to the testa and albumen.

Flowers small, corolla-tube under -3 in. long (where known) ;

leaves medium-sized or small, nerves not very prominent :—

Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes as long as or longer

than the leaves :—

Flower-pedicels without imbricate bracteoles, only bracts at

the bases of the pedicels; secondary nerves of the leaves

recurrently branched :—

Leaves 2:25 to 3 in. long, thinly coriaceous ; main nerves

many, easily visible when dry; peduncles under 1 in.

long; seeds with thin testa and horny albumen .. 1. C. atro-viridis.

Leaves 3 to 5 in. long, chartaceous; main nerves many,

not easily seen when dry; peduncles over 1°d in. long;

seeds not known one oc Sea -. 2. C. embelioides.

Flower-pedicels with many imbricate bracteoles; seeds with

the testa thick and granular and the albumen thin; secon-

dary nerves of the leaves not recurrently branched .. 38. C. decipiens.

400 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers in axillary cymes much shorter than the leaves;

flower-pedicels with imbricate bracteoles :—

Leaves coriaceous, more or less obovate :—

Cymes nearly sessile; leaves obtuse at the apex; fruit-

pericarp usually tubercled without; seeds with thin testa

and horny albumen .. 4. C. enervis.

Cymes on peduncles nearly 5 in. long; lenven cheats

apiculate ; fruit unknown :—

Leaves coriaceous, upper surface dull brown, lower pale

when dry; main nerves nearly at right angles to the

midrib; corolla-lobes rhomboid-faleate .. 5. C. Cantleyt.

Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, upper surface nearly alee

shining, lower dark greyish-brown when dry; main

nerves at about 75° with the midrib; corolla-lobes

linear-falcate ar .. 6. C. nigrescens.

Leaves scarcely coriaceous, Bbione: TaMecoltee fruit 2 to

2°5 in. long, about 1 in. broad; seeds with eee testa

and thin fleshy albumen . 7. C. minutiflorus.

Flowers rather large, corolla-tube °7 to 1 in. long; denned Tacaet

nerves very prominent; seeds with thin testa and horny

albumen He dt ake 50 .. 8. C. costatus.

1. CHILOCARPUS ATRO-VIRIDIS, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 153

(1850). A glabrous slender climbing shrub; young branches not much

thicker than a crow-quill, pale brown, terete, sparsely lenticellate,

swollen at the nodes. Leaves thinly coriaceous; narrowly elliptic-

oblong or -lanceolate, shortly and bluntly caudate-acuminate at apex,

cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, dull when dry, the upper

pale brown, the lower yellowish, puncticulate; margins thinly cartila-

ginous, slightly recurved, crispate; 2:25 to 3 in. and even 5 in. long,

‘5 to 1:25 in., even 1:75 in., broad; midrib prominent, impressed above ;

main nerves very numerous, parallel, irregularly spaced, about 25 to 30

pairs; at an angle of about 75° with the midrib, straight to the margin

to meet an intramarginal looped nerve very close to it (under ‘05 in.) ;

secondary nerves very many, between the main nerves, recurrent from

the marginal nerve and branched backwards, the branches forming the

only visible reticulations ; petiole ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, slender. Cymes very

slender, terminal and axillary, reaching 2 to 4 in. in length, trichotomous ;

peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long, flattened; branch peduncles slender, nearly as

long; ultimate cymules corymbose or subumbellate; pedicels slender,

‘1 to 15 in. long; bracts leafy, caducous, one or two always at the base

of each pedicel minute and scarious; buds clavate, -2 in. long, tip

globose; flowers deep yellow. Calyx campanulate, under ‘1 in. long;

lobes ovate-obtuse, margins hyaline. Corolla-tube short, ‘1 to °15 in.

long, dilated in the middle opposite the stamens, glabrous except a ring

of hair within below the stamens; lobes -1 in. long, falcate, broadly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 401

notched on one side, recurved when open, acute at tip. Anthers very

small, under ‘05 in. long; filaments scarcely any, pubescent. Ovary

conoidal; style slender ‘05 in. long; stigma oblong, apiculate; ovules

many. Berry ovoid, 1°75 in. long, 1:25 in. in diam., dehiscing in 2

concave valves; pericarp thick, hard, woody, smooth and yellow with-

out. Seeds numerous, black, ‘35 in. long, °3 in. broad, oblate-globose,

deeply grooved at the hilum, about one-third surrounded by an aril

consisting of yellow angular corky masses and a tuft of minute net-like

fibres; testa shining, thin, granular; albumen thick, horny; cotyledons

ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate, flat, -225 in. long; radicle slender,

15 in. long. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 393; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 626.

Hunteria ? atro-viridis, Wall. Cat. 1614; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 351.

Winchia atro-viridis, Kurz For. Fl. II. 170.

PERAK: on Maxwell’s Hill, Scortechina 321; at 2,500 to 3,000 feet,

King’s Collector 6303, 8317. Srnancor: at Batang Barjuntai, Radley

7563; at Kent Estate 8557 (flowers white)—Distris. Tavoy, Mergui.

We do not quote ‘“‘ Malabar” in the distribution because we think that Chilocarpus

malabaricus, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 175, is probably distinet from C. atro-viridis.

2. CHILOCARPUS EMBELIOIDES, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing

shrub; branchlets slender, pale dull brown, almost smooth. Leaves

chartaceous; elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, narrowed some-

what unequally at base; glabrous on both surfaces and dull, the upper

olivaceous when dry; margins pale, thin, crispate; 3 to 5 in. long,

1-25 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent on the lower, somewhat

impressed on the upper, surface; main nerves 24 to 26 pairs, very

slender, at an angle of 70° with the midrib, straight, meeting close to

the margin a slender faint intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves

alternate with the main nerves and joining both the intramarginal

nerve and midrib, branched recurrently; reticulations obscure; petiole

‘2 to -4 in. long, slender, slightly rugose. Cymes axillary, lax, many-

flowered, nearly as long as the leaves; peduncles slender, 1:5 to 1:75 in.

long ; branches trichotomous slender, about 1 in. long; ultimate cymules

subumbellate; pedicels slender ‘15 in. long; bracts very small, ovate,

acute, at the bases of the rachis-branches and pedicels; buds very short,

clavate, tip globose. Calyx campanulate, ‘05 in. long; lobes very small,

rounded, with hyaline, ciliate margins. Corolla-tube cylindric, -1 in.

long, slightly constricted at the base and the naked throat, glabrous

except for a ring of white villous hairs below the stamens; lobes broad,

ovate-falcate, acute, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long. Stamens inserted a little above

the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate, apiculate; filaments very

short. Ovary conical, attenuated into a short style just reaching the

402 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stamens; stigma conical. Berry (immature) globular, smooth when

fresh, wrinkled when dry. Seeds embedded in pulp.

PrRAK: at Haram, Scortechini 711.

3. CHILOCARPUS DECIPIENS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 627 (1882).

A glabrous slender climbing shrub; young branches twice as thick as a

crow-quill, terete, dull brown when dry, with numerous elongate pale

lenticels, swollen at the nodes. Leaves thinly coriaceous; narrowly

elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, obtusely and often obliquely long acumi-

nate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces and olivaceous-

brown, the lower paler and minutely dotted; margins slightly recurved,

crispate ; 3 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad; midrib prominent, pale,

channelled above; main nerves 20 to 25 pairs, slender, parallel, at

about 75° to 80° with the midrib, straight to the margin, close to which

they join an intramarginal nerve, visible on both surfaces ; secondary

nerves many, usually alternate with the main nerves, also running to

the intramarginal one, occasionally branched, but not recurrently ;

petiole slender, -25 in. long. Cymes terminal and axillary, 2 to

3-chotomous, forming a terminal leafy panicle up to 9 in. long and

6 in. broad; main peduncles 1 to 1:25 in. long, successive branches

gradually shorter; ultimate cymules subumbellate; pedicels stout,

covered with minute bracteoles spirally arranged, up to -2 in. long;

bracts leafy caducous, those at the bases of the branches and pedicels

ovate acute, sheathing, with pale margins; flowers not known. Berry

linear-oblong, cylindric, 2°5 in. long by nearly 1 in. broad, on a stout

many-bracteolate pedicel and calyx of ovate acute lobes, splitting when

ripe; pericarp woody, minutely granular, green when fresh, reddish-

brown when dry, nearly -1 in. thick. Seeds of various shapes, about

‘5 in. long ; partly enclosed in a corky aril with fibres at its base; testa

granular, deeply furrowed as is the thin fleshy albumen; cotyledons

flat, nearly orbicular, ‘15 in. long; radicle -1 in. long.

Perak: at Ulu Bubong, in dense jungle at 300 to 600 feet, King’s

Collector 10017, 10268. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1043, 1060.

SELANGOR: on Kent Estate, Ridley 8557.

4. CHILOCARPUS ENERVIS, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 626 (1882). A

stout woody glabrous climbing shrub; branchlets as thick as or thinner

than a goose-quill, pale brown when dry, obtusely angled, the nodes

raised and marked by a ridge; terminal buds resinous. Leaves coria-

ceous; narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, rounded or very briefly

apiculate or sometimes shallowly emarginate at apex, long cuneate at

base; both surfaces shining, the lower very pale when dry and often

minutely puncticulate; the margin slightly cartilaginous, recurved ;

3 to din. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent beneath,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 403

channelled above; main nerves numerous, about 25 to 30 pairs, at

about 80° with the midrib, faint on the upper surface, invisible on the

lower; secondary nerves nearly as many as and between the main

nerves, reticulations not visible; petiole ‘d to ‘75 in. long, usually

twisted. Cymes small, in dense axillary clusters, shorter than the

petiole; pedicels very short, thick, spirally corrugated by the scars of

fallen bracteoles, very much thickened in fruit; buds clavate, the tip

globose; flowers minute, white. Calyx ‘05 in. long or less, deeply

divided in 5 ovate, hyaline, puberulous, rounded lobes. Corolla-tube

cylindric, slender, 3 in. long, inflated about one-third of the way up,

opposite the stamens; throat naked; lobes obliquely falcate, apiculate

on one side, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long. Anthers lanceolate, very small, rounded

at the base; filaments very short. Ovary ovate, acuminate; stigma

small, conoidal; placentas prominent. Berry orange-coloured, ellipsoid

or obovoid, 1°5 to 2 in. long and 1 to 1:5 in. broad; pericarp thick,

fleshy, smooth or much corrugated and tubercled externally, woody,

dividing into two concave or flat valves. Seeds embedded in a fibrous

pulp and enclosed in a pale orange corky lobed arillus on one side, °4 in.

long, oblong or ovoid, sometimes flattened at the ends, deeply grooved at

the hilum; testa black, shining, thin; albumen horny, thick; cotyledons

flat, orbicular-cordate, -2 in. in diameter; radicle -1 in. long.

PerAK: at Thaipeng, Kalan Tujor, &c., Wray 593, 1118, 1804, 4026;

Scortechim 189; King’s Collector 3203, 3786, 7532, 8328, at 100 to 500

feet; Cantley 25. Mantacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1044.

5. Cumocarpus Cantueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous

climbing shrub; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, smooth, at

first yellowish afterwards dark brown, obtusely angled, raised at the nodes

and ridged. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or oblanceolate, the apex obtuse

or with a short blunt apiculus, long-attenuate at base; both surfaces dull

when dry, the upper dark greenish-brown, the lower very pale greenish-

yellow when fresh, puncticulate; margins slightly recurved; 3:5 to 4 in.

long, 1:25 to 15 in. broad; midrib thick, channelled above, broad and

conspicuous beneath; main nerves extremely faint on the upper surface

-when dry, invisible on the lower, apparently about 30 pairs at nearly

right angles with the midrib and with many intermediate secondary

nerves; petiole about 6 in. long, channelled above. Cymes axillary,

glabrous, on stout somewhat flattened peduncles ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, many-

(about 20-) flowered, few-branched; pedicels ‘1 in. long, with many

obtuse imbricate bracteoles which are caducous and leave rough pits

behind; buds clavate, the tip obtuse; flowers yellow. Calyx -075 to

‘1 in. long, lobes elliptic-rotund, thick with hyaline-margins. Corolla-

tube cylindric, ‘2 in. long, dilated slightly below the middle opposite the

404 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stamens, constricted at throat; glabrous within except at the base;

lobes -15 to :2 in. long, broadly rhomboid-faleate, plicate in bud.

Stamens in the dilated part of the tube; anthers lanceolate, rounded

at base, ‘05 in. long; filaments slender, pubescent below, as long as

anthers. Ovary ovate, compressed, tapering to a ‘075 in. long style

with short subglobular stigma. /7ruzt not known.

Perak: near Ulu Kerling, 500 to 700 feet, King’s Collector 8823 ;

swamps in lower Perak, Cantley 227. SrnLancor: at Kwala Lumpor,

Ridley 2839; Curtis 2354.

Curtis’s specimen has more narrowly lanceolate leaves and a rather longer

apiculus, with more slender branches, and has also, with Ridley’s specimen, shorter

peduncles to the inflorescence, but they seem both to be correctly this species, which

comes very near to C. enervis, but has much less slender flowers and larger in-

florescence.

6. CHILOCARPUS NIGRESCENS, King & Gamble, n.sp. A glabrous

climbing (?) shrub; branchlets rather stout, nearly black, terete,

the nodes somewhat swollen and usually ridged. Leaves chartaceo-

coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong or -oblanceolate, shortly and abruptly blunt-

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, often from nearly the middle of the

blade; upper surface shining, nearly black when dry, lower a little

paler and greyish-brown, minutely puncticulate; margins slightly re-

curved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib rather slender,

slightly impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs at

an angle of about 75° with the midrib, nearly straight to meet an

arching intramarginal nerve at about ‘1 in. from the edge, faint on both

surfaces; secondary nerves many, often recurrently branched; reticula-

tions obscure; petiole ‘5 to ‘6 in. long. Cymes axillary, up to 1:5 in.

long, more or less pyramidal, crowded; peduncle stout, flattened, -3 to

‘5in. long; branches 3-chotomous, short; cymules subumbellate; pedicels

about -15 in. long, densely strobilate with imbricate, rounded, pale-

margined bracteoles; the bracts at the bases of the branches acute and

sheathing; buds clavate, -4 in. long, the tip globose. Calyx campanu-

late, (05 to ‘075 in. long; lobes rather deep, broadly ovate, rounded,

minutely ciliate. Corolla-tube narrowly cylindric, dilated at about

one-third of the height from the base opposite the stamens, contracted

at the naked mouth, glabrous without, slightly puberulous below the

stamens within; lobes linear-falcate, acuminate, much twisted, about

‘2 in. long. Stamens inserted below the middle of the tube; anthers

lanceolate, apiculate, rounded at base, ‘05 in. long, as long as the slender

curved filaments. Ovary conoidal, glabrous, style slender, obconic

above; stigma conical. Berry not known,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 405

PERAK: on Government Hill and West Hill, Curtis 1040, 1121,

3086.

The same number, ‘‘ Curtis 1040,” is quoted by D. Oliver in Hook. Icon. t. 1758

(1888) as the type of Melodinus coriaceus, Oliver, but all our specimens have more or

less the imbricated bracteoles of Chilocarpus, and are destitute of scales in the throat

of the corolla, or of lacinie to its lobes. A comparison of the specimens of Melo-

dinus coriaceus in the Kew Herbarium shows clearly that two species have been given

the same number, but that the resemblance is superficial only. The real M. coriaceus

has the leaves pale brown, and not black, when dry.

7. CHILOCARPUS MINUTIFLORUS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous

climbing shrub; young branches thicker than a crow-quill, obtusely

angled, striate, with thin scaly bark, pale when dry; nodes swollen,

joined by a ridge. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,

shortly obtusely-acuminate at apex, narrowed or almost rounded at

base; upper surface green, lower waxy-white when fresh, both pale

greenish-yellow when dry; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 2:5 in. long,

‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent beneath; main nerves

9 to 12 pairs, at an angle of about 65° with the midrib, straight, joined

at about ‘05 in. from the margin in an obscure intramarginal nerve,

faint on both surfaces or sometimes not distinguishable; secondary

nerves present, but, like the reticulations, not easily visible; petiole

slender, -15 to -2 in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, scarcely ex-

ceeding the petioles; peduncles very short, as are the branches and

pedicels, which are sometimes enlarged and bear many imbricate

bracteoles; bracts ovate-acute, sheathing; buds clavate, 15 in. long,

the tip globose; flowers white or yellow. Calyx campanulate, -05 in.

long, lobes very small. Corolla-tube inflated in the middle opposite the

stamens, constricted above and below, ‘1 in. long, glabrous except a

ring of hairs under the stamens within; lobes ovate falcate, acuminate,

about -2in. long. Anthers ovate-lanceolate, ‘05 in. long, nearly sessile.

Ovary ovoid, tapering into a short style with conical tip. Berry on a

stout pedicel, narrowly obovoid or pyriform, surmounted by a mamillate

apex, splitting into 2 valves marked by slight vertical ridges; 2 to

2:5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; pericarp thick, woody, dull green

with specks when fresh, yellowish when dry. Seeds numerous, oblong,

angular, -25 in. long, embedded in pulp and partly enclosed in a papery

aril, suleate at the hilum; testa granular, dark brown; albumen thin,

fleshy ; cotyledons ovate.

Perak: King’s Collector 5368, 5494, 7550, in dense jungle.

No. 5368 has broader leaves than the rest and pedicels with imbricating brac-

teoles, which the others only show a tendency to, but we see no reason to keep it

separate.

406 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

8. Curnocarpus costatus, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 393 (1856). A

stout climbing shrub; young branches as thick as a goose-quill, shining

and purplish-brown when dry, sometimes obtusely angular, nodes

swollen. Leaves chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and very

obtusely acuminate at apex, attenuate at base or sometimes rounded;

both surfaces glabrous, upper shining, when dry the upper greenish- or

dull purplish-brown, the lower yellowish-brown; margins recurved ;

4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad; midrib stout, broad above and

impressed, sharply angled beneath when dry; main nerves 12 to 20

pairs, nearly parallel, very conspicuous, impressed on the upper, raised

on the lower surface, starting at an angle of from 65° to 75° with the

midrib and gradually curving to join in a prominent intramarginal

slightly looped nerve ‘05 to ‘1 in. from the margin; secondary nerves

many, usually alternate with the main nerves but sometimes at irregular

angles with the midrib, recurrent from the intramarginal nerve and

branching backwards; reticulations few, oblique, inconspicuous; petiole

‘) to 1 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes

axillary, puberulous, trichotomous, reaching about 3 in. in length and

breadth, many-flowered, apparently whorled; peduncles -5 to 1:5 in.

long, stout, flattened; branch peduncles ‘3 to ‘6 in. long, these again

branched; ultimate cymules subumbellate ; pedicels -1 to 15 in. long;

bracts caducous; bracteoles ovate acuminate, grey-puberulous, the mar-

gins hyaline, at the bases of the pedicels; buds clavate with globose

tips, ‘75 in. long; flowers yellowish. Calyx campanulate, -075 in. long;

lobes ovate, rounded, margins hyaline minutely ciliate. _ Corolla-tube

very slender, ‘7 to 1 in. long, dilated a little above the base opposite the

stamens, pubescent at the base within, otherwise glabrous; lobes ovate-

lanceolate, acuminate, reaching ‘5d in. long and about -25 in. broad.

Anthers lanceolate, ‘075 in. long, cells rounded at base; filaments

slender, as long as anthers, villous at base. Ovary ovate, acuminate,

compressed, smooth, glabrous; style slender, ‘1 in. long; stigma ovoid,

apiculate. Berry large, ovoid when young, elliptic when ripe, with a

smooth boss at the apex, and flattened base; 2°5 to 3 in. long, 1:5 to

2in. broad; pericarp thick, orange-yellow, smooth. Seeds embedded

in fibrous pulp and half surrounded by a fleshy yellow arillus, oblong-

subquadrate, deeply channelled at the hilum; testa thin, brown;

albumen thick, horny; cotyledons ovate-orbiculax, flat; radicle short.

C. Maingayt, Dyer; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 627.

Penane: at Ayer Etam, Curtes 475. Prrax: at Sungie Larut,

Wray 2428; Scortechim; King’s Collector 3261, 5264, 10848. PaHana:

Fiidley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III. 319 (C. Maingayz). Mauacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 1045, 1046; Curtes 3479. Sruancor: Ridley 2726.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 407

We are unable to separate C. Maingayi from C.costatus. Teysmann’s specimen of

the latter in the Kew Herbarium has only immature flower-buds, rather smaller than

the buds of C. Muingayi, but some of our specimens have them in quite as immature

a stage. Curtis says it gives a very white rubber.

3. LEruconotis, Jack.

Hrect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, distantly penninerved.

Flowers in pedunculate axillary cymes, 4-merous. Calyx 4-lobed or

-partite, thickened at the base, eglandular or minutely glandular within.

Corolla hypocrateriform; tube slightly dilated in the middle opposite

the stamens, throat naked; lobes 4, short, overlapping to the left.

Stamens 4, included in the tube; anthers linear-lanceolate, the cells

rounded at the base. Disk none. Ovary 2-celled; style short; stigma

thickened, with a very short bifid apiculus; ovules 2 to 3 in each cell,

axile, laterally affixed. Fruit an ovoid or globose berry, pulpy within.

Seeds 1 to 6, ovoid-oblong; testa membranous; albumen none; coty-

ledons thick fleshy, the inner surfaces irregular; radicle short. —

Distris. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; about 6 species.

Calyx 4-partite, lobes long linear; intramarginal nerve of leaves

very prominent; ovules 3 in each cell; seeds up to 6 .. L. L. eugenifolius.

Calyx 4-lobed, lobes short rounded; intramarginal nerve ob-

scure ; ovules 2 in each cell; seeds usually 2 :—

Corolla-tube :25 in. long; peduncles very stout; calyx and

bracteoles very thick fleshy; berry obovoid ae .. 2 L. Maingayi.

Corolla-tube 3 to -4 in. long; peduncles rather thick; calyx

and bracteoles moderately large and thick ; berry ellipsoid .. 3. L. Griffthii.

1. Levconotis EvGENIFoLIUS, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 331 (1844).

A small erect or climbing shrub; branchlets thinner than a goose-quill,

dark-rusty-puberulous at first, afterwards glabrous, obscurely angled.

Leaves chartaceous; elliptic-oblong, sometimes oblanceolate, abruptly

and often obliquely obtuse-caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded at base

or sometimes slightly cuneate; upper surface dull olivaceous-brown,

lower surface pale yellowish-brown, minutely punctate and rusty-

_ puberulous on the nerves; 2°5 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; main

nerves 8 to 10 pairs, very prominent on the lower surface, at right

angles to the midrib, straight to join in a conspicuous intramarginal

nerve at nearly ‘1 in from the edge, the said nerve joining the midrib

below the acumen; secondary nerves usually 1 or 2 between the main

nerves, reticulations obscure; petiole slender, 3 to ‘d in. long, rusty-

pubescent. Cymes 1 to 1:5 in. long, erect, rusty-pubescent, usually

about 6- to 12-flowered; peduncle ‘5 in. long; branches 3, the side ones

few-flowered, the mid one usually again branched ; pedicels about ‘2 to

408 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

‘3 in. long; bracts leafy, linear or spathulate, :5 to 1 in. long; bracteoles

linear, obtuse at tip, similar to calyx-lobes; buds clavate, the tip ovoid ;

flowers yellowish. Calyx-tube very short; lobes linear, -2 in. long,

pubescent and with few hispid hairs near the obtuse tip, slightly

recurved ; glands few, minute. Corolla-tube ‘3 to -4 in. long, glabrous

except near the base inside; lobes ‘15 to -2 in. in diameter, ovate-

cordate, densely pubescent, the margins incurved. <Anthers 4, linear-

lanceolate, apiculate, -15 in. long; filaments -05 in. long, slender,

decurrent in the tube. Ovary conoidal, more or less 4-angled, glabrous

or pubescent; style slender, -125 in. long; stigma globose, apiculus

bifid; cells 2, ovules 3 in each cell. Berry ovoid, about 1:25 to 1:5 in.

long and lin. in diameter; pericarp leathery, shining without, wrinkled

when dry, pulp very scanty, septum thin. Seeds up to 6, ovoid-oblong,

‘6 in. long by °35 in. broad, slightly grooved at the hilum; testa mem-

branous, brown ; cotyledons very thick, unequal. Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. II.

397; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 628. L. cuspidata, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-

Bat. I. 112; Mig. l.c. 398. Melodinus ? eugenifolius, Wall. Cat. 1616.

Kepau: Cantley 230. Prenane: Wallich 1616; Curtis 1061; King’s

Collector 996A, 1452. Prax: Curtis; Wray 629, 680, 3141, 4248;

Scortechim 1281. Sincapore: firdley 2724.— Distris. Sumatra

(Teysmann 4053; Beccary 844; Curtis 3551; Forbes 1586, 2725),

Borneo (Burbidge, Beccart 3246).

2. Leuconotis Maineayi, Dyer in Herb. Kew.; Hook.f. Fl. Br.

Ind. ITI. 628 (1882). A climbing shrub; branchlets stout, nearly as

thick as a goose-quill, nearly black when dry, obtusely quadrangular,

the nodes swollen and crossed by a slender ridge joining the bases of

the petioles. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, coriaceous; elliptic-

oblong, abruptly and obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuately

rounded at base; shining on the upper surface and very dark brown

when dry, paler and dull on the lower; margins recurved ; 3 to 5 in. long,

15 to 2 in. broad; midrib strong, channelled above, raised beneath; main

nerves 6 to 10 pairs, the lowest very near the margin and starting the

rather obscure intramarginal looped nerve, to which the others, which

start from the midrib at about 60°, gradually curve; secondary nerves

none or very few; reticulations obliquely transverse, rather prominent ;

petiole 1:25 in. long, channelled above by the decurrent margins of

the blade, which become connivent. Cymes very stout, about as long as

the petiole, about 15- to 20-flowered ; peduncle very thick, flattened, -25

to ‘5 in. long and ‘15 to :25 in. broad, much enlarging in fruit; branches

about 4, these again 2-chotomously branched, very stout, as are the

very short (up to ‘15 in. long) pedicels; bracts ovate-acute, clasping the

branches and bases of the pedicels; buds clavate, the tip conical.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 409

Calyx-tube very short, fleshy; lobes 4, ovate, rounded, the two outer

broader and shorter than the two inner, which are ‘2 in. long, all

glabrous but very slightly ciliate; glands very many, very minute, in

bud scarcely more than papilla. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘25 in. long,

puberulous at the base within; lobes 4, broadly ovate, recurved, thickly

puberulous, the margins incurved slightly. Stamens in the upper half

of the tube; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, -125 in. long; filaments

short, broad. Ovary somewhat depressed, 4-grooved, tapering to a

broad ‘1 in. style ; stigma rounded with a short apiculus ; cells 2, ovules 2

in each cell. Berry obovoid, 1:5 to 1:75 in. long by about 1 in. in diam. ;

pericarp thick, smooth and shining without. Seeds about 3, oblong,

somewhat flattened, °75 in long by ‘5 in. broad and °25 in. thick, dark

brown; testa very membranous; cotyledons thick, fleshy; radicle

cylindric, about °15 to ‘2 in. long.

SINGAPORE: Maingay (K.D.) 935; Ridley 2826, 3710, 8908.

3. Leuconotis Grirrituit, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 628 (1882).

A glabrous climbing shrub; branchlets stout, as thick as a goose-quill,

obscurely angled, dark brown when dry with a few pale lenticels, ultimate

ones quadrangular. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-oblong, obtusely and

abruptly short acuminate at apex, rounded or slightly cuneate at base ;

upper surface shining, pale olivaceous-brown when dry, lower dull and

paler chocolate-brown, often glandular-dotted; margins recurved; 3:0

to 5:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2:25 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above,

sharply prominent beneath; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, starting at an

angle of 70° with the midrib and curving upwards to meet in a faint

looped intramarginal nerve, impressed above, raised beneath, fairly

conspicuous when dry; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations

obliquely transverse; petiole 5 to ‘75 in. long, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade, which are connivent. Cymes axillary, erect, as

long as the petiole; peduncle ‘5 in. long, somewhat flattened, stout ;

branches 3 at first, again subdividing, crowded; pedicels quadrangular,

‘1 to -2 in. long; bracts ovate, acute, sheathing the bases of the joints

and pedicels; buds clavate, the tip oblong; flowers yellow. Calyx -1 in.

long, thick at base; lobes 4, ciliate, the two outer ovate-acute, the

2 inner oblong rounded, all with many small glands at the base within

and 1 to 2 fairly large ones. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘3 to -4 in. long,

glabrous except the puberulous lower third inside; lobes broad, blunt,

ovate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long. Stamens occupying the upper half of the

tube; filaments short, broad; anthers linear-lanceolate, apiculate, °125 in.

long. Ovary conical, 4-angled, glabrous, with an angled style and acute

stigma; cells 2-ovuled. Berry ellipsoid, 1°5 in. long, 1 in. in diameter ;

pericarp leathery, smooth, shining. Seeds usually 2 only, on a thin

410 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

septum and with little pulp, ‘7 in. long, -4 in. broad; testa mem-

branous; cotyledons very thick, wrinkled on the inner face; radicle

small, included between the cotyledons.

Perak: Scortechint 1475; Wray 28, 592, 1366, 4009; King’s Col-

lector 2663, 3080; Curtis. Mauacca: Griffith; Maimgay (K.D.) 1050,

1051. Stnancor; fidley 1963. Srinearore: Kurz; T. Anderson 60;

Fiidley 2735, 9166.

Ridley’s specimen from Upper Bukit Mandai, Singapore, has dark rough

branchlets, smaller leaves with closer main-nerves and less crowded cymes, but does

not seem otherwise to differ, at any rate not sufficiently to warrant its being made a

variety.

L. Grifithii is an india-rubber producer, and the product is said to be good, very

probably as good as that of the neighbouring L. elasticus, Becc. ‘Nelle foreste di

Borneo,’ pp. 358, 562, fig. 59, and Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2733.

4. Menopinus, Forst.

Erect or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved, the

nerves thin, parallel; reticulations transverse. Flowers in terminal

trichotomously paniculate cymes or in axillary and condensed cymes,

5- rarely 4-merous, white or pale pink, often sweet-scented. Calyx

5d-partite, eglandular within. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric,

dilated more or less opposite the stamens; the lobes overlapping to the

left, entire or fimbriate at the tips; the mouth with thick cleft or lobed

scales. Stamens 5 or 4, at or below the middle of the tube; anthers

included, oblong-lanceolate, cells rounded at the base ; filaments short.

Disk none. Ovary 2-celled; style short; stigma thick, bifid; ovules

many in each cell, axile. Frwt a globose berry; pericarp coriaceous

or hard. Seeds many, embedded in pulp; albumen fleshy; cotyledons

thin, ovate, foliaceous; radicle long.—DzstTris. India, Malaya, Southern

China and Australasia, about 20 species.

Flowers rather large, in terminal panicled cymes; corolla-lobes

oblong, rounded, entire (Subgenus I. Eumrioprnus) .. 1. MW. monogynus.

Flowers small, in short axillary cymes; corolla-lobes dentate at

tip, often fimbriate (Subgenus Il. PLevRopHAcELUs) :—

Leaves chartaceous, both surfaces brown and nearly similar

in colour, the lower only slightly paler than the upper :—

Cymes scarcely longer than the petiole, -25 to ‘5 in. long:—

Corolla-tube thick, not much dilated, lobes bifid, one

branch bicuspidate; buds -25 in. long; leaves with 20 to

30 pair main nerves .. ni a5 .. 2. M. orientalis.

Corolla-tube slender, dilated in middle, lobes bifid, one

branch fimbriate-dentate; buds ‘15 to ‘2 in. long :—

Leaves rather broad, reaching 2°25 in., main nerves 10 ’

to 15 pairs; cymes many-flowered 32 .. 3, M. micranthus.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 411

Leaves narrow, reaching only 1:25 in. broad, main

nerves 18 to 22 pairs; cymes few-flowered .. 4. M. citriformis

Cymes longer than the petiole, -75 to 1 in. long; leaves

greenish-brown when dry ie .. 9. M. perakensis.

Leaves coriaceous, upper surface olivaceous- ane shining ;

lower surface paler and dull; cymes scarcely longer than the

petioles; corolla-lobes scarcely bifid, much oblique, fimbriate

at tip ae Se a ie .. 6. MW. coriaceus.

1. Menopinus mMonoeynus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 56 (1832). A large

glabrous climbing shrub; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,

smooth, nearly cylindric, dull brown when dry. Leaves chartaceous ;

oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at

base; glabrous on both surfaces, the upper shining, the lower rather

dull and paler brown when dry; margins slightly recurved, somewhat

crispate when dry; 4°5 to 6 in. long; 1:5 to 2in. broad; midrib slender,

impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves about 20 pairs, slender,

at about an angle of 70° with the midrib, very slightly curved to

meet an intramarginal looped nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves

many, similar to main nerves but thinner, often forked, sometimes with

recurrent branches; reticulations transverse, irregular; all faint on both

surfaces; petiole -2 to -3 in. long, rather stout. Cymes terminal,

puberulous, reaching 3 in. in length (occasionally more) and 2 to 3 in.

in diam.; peduncles 0 to ‘75 in. long; branches trichotomous; pedicels

variable; bracts of the inflorescence and primary branches leafy,

caducous, those at the bases of the branches and pedicels ovate, acute

bracteoles 1 to 2, small, obtuse, on the pedicel itself; buds elongate, tip

oblong, acute; flowers white, fragrant. Calyx campanulate ; lobes 5,

oblong-orbicular, sometimes emarginate, ciliate, 15 to -2 in. long, the

margins hyaline. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, widening

upwards, glabrous or slightly puberulous without, densely villous

within, above the stamens; lobes oblong-falcate, rounded, ‘3 to ‘5 in.

long, more or less auricled, each with a 2- to 3-lobed glabrous scale near

the base; throat with a corona of 5 bifid villous linear-falcate lobes.

Anthers oblong-lanceolate, ‘06 in. long; filaments slender, short.

Ovary rounded; style slender, ‘lin. long; stigma thick, cylindric,

with a sharp bifid apiculus, very gummy, embraced by the anthers.

Berry globose, smooth, pulpy, reaching 3 in. in diam. ; pericarp coriaceous,

orange-coloured, smooth. Seeds numerous, flattened; integuments 2,

outer thick rugose, inner membranous; albumen copious; cotyledons oval.

A. DC. Prod. VIII. 329; Wall. Cat. 1603; Wight Ic. t. 394; Bot. Reg.

t. 834; Bot. Mag. t. 2527; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 629; Prain Beng.

Plants 668. EHchaltiwm piscidiwm, Wight Ic. t. 472, excl. fig. of fruit.

Neriwm prscidiwm, Roxb. FI. Ind. II. 7, excl. descr. of fruit.

412 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1085. Prrax: Curtis 1308.—DiIstTR1B.

India (Sikkim Himalaya, Cooch Behar, Assam, Khasia Hills and

Sylhet): Timor (forbes 3708). The fruit is edible.

2. MELODINUS ORIENTALIS, Blume Bijd. 1026 (1826) and Mus. Bot.

Lugd.-Bat. I. 155, fig. LIT. A large glabrous climbing shrub; branches

smooth, rather slender, with nearly black bark; upper branchlets

obscurely angled, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous; oblong or elliptic-

oblong, obtusely acuminate at apex, acute at base and often unequal ;

glabrous on both surfaces, upper nearly black and shining when dry,

lower chocolate-brown and dull; margins slightly undulate-crispate ;

3 to 55 in. long, 1 to 2°25 in. broad; midrib slender, slightly impressed

above, sharply raised beneath; main nerves about 20 to 30 pairs, at from

60° to 70° with the midrib, curving upwards and branching to meet an

obscure intramarginal looped nerve quite close to the margin; secondary

nerves hardly distinguishable from main nerves, but rather more slender,

sometimes with recurrent branches; reticulations irregular, obscure ;

petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade,

which are connivent. Cymes axillary, few-(8- to 10-) flowered, crowded,

scarcely as long as the petioles; peduncles very short or almost none,

stout; bracts ovate-acute, sheathing the branches and the very short

(025 in. long) pedicels, which also bear a pair of rounded bracteoles

below the calyx; buds clavate, -25 in. long, tip globose; flowers white.

Calyx campanulate, thick, ‘1 in. long; lobes half that length, ovate,

rounded, puberulous. Corolla-tube thick, cylindric, 2 in. long, dilated

opposite the stamens, contracted above and below, puberulous without,

and within below the stamens; lobes short, obliquely ovate, bifid, one

branch bicuspidate, plicate in bud; throat with 5 thick fleshy 2-lobed

scales. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate,

apiculate, rounded at base; filaments short, slender. Ovary conoidal,

ribbed, surmounted by a slender style ‘05 in. long and obconie above;

stigma conical with a bifid apiculus. Berry “large, yellow” (Maingay),

‘‘globose, red’? (Blume), apparently about 2°5 in. in diameter. Seeds

oblong, about ‘8 in. long and 4 in. broad, testa rugose. Maiq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 395, t. xxxiv.; A. DC. Prod. VIII. 330; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. XLVI. 11. 250, om note; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 629. Hunterza 2

cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 1609; A. DC. l.c. 350. <Alyxia? cusprdata, Wall.

Herb. Chilocarpus cuspidatus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. Il. 698 (under

Hunteria).

Prenane: Wallich 1609; Phillips ; Maingay (K.D.) 1043/2 (Chilo-

carpus suaveolens) ; Curtis 738, 2838. PERAK: on Maxwell’s hill,

3000 ft. Scortechim 355; at Goping, King’s Collector 4530. Disrrip.

Java, Sumatra (forbes 1568).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 413

3. MELODINUS MiIcRANTHUS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 629 (1882).

A climbing shrub (apparently) ; branchlets rather slender, terete, with

nearly black bark, uppermost somewhat angular. Leaves chartaceous ;

oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, attenuate at base;

smooth and shining and dark reddish-brown on both surfaces when

dry, the lower rather paler than the upper; margins recurved, slightly

undulate ; 3 to 6inches long, 1 to 2°25 in. broad; midrib slender and

impressed above, more conspicuous and raised beneath; main nerves

10 to 15 pairs, slender, remote, at an angle of from 50° to 60° with the

midrib, and curving slightly upward to an obscure intramarginal nerve

just within the edge, impressed above; secondary nerves few; reticula-

tions transverse, oblique; petiole -15 to -25 in. long, slender. Cymes

many-flowered, axillary, trichotomous, about ‘5 in. long; peduncles 2 in.

long, rachis angular; bracts very small, ovate-acute, with ciliate

hyaline tips; pedicels ‘05 to -075 in. long, with two bracteoles near the

base of the calyx; buds clavate, tip conical-globose, ‘15 in. long. Calyx

‘075 in. long; tube about one-third of length; lobes ovate, rounded.

Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated a little above the middle, constricted

above and below, °125 in. long, pubescent within in a ring below the

stamens ; lobes short, unequally obtusely 2-lobed, twisted to the right ;

the base furnished with fleshy bifid scales closing the mouth. Anthers

lanceolate, long-apiculate, ‘05 in. long; filaments very short. Ovary

globose; style slender; stigma conical, with a short bifid apiculus.

Fruit not seen.

PENANG: road to Sungie Penang, Cwrtis 1053. Manacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1090.

4, MELODINUS CITRIFORMIS, King & Gamble,n.sp. A slender glabrous

climbing shrub; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, dull

brown when dry, with elongate lenticels. Leaves chartaceous; oblong-

lanceolate, obtusely and often obliquely caudate-acuminate at apex,

cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, dull olivaceous-brown when

dry; margin slightly crispate; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad;

midrib slender; main nerves 18 to 22 pairs, at rather irregular angles

but usually at about 70° with the midrib, fairly straight, meeting an

intramarginal nerve at less than -05 in. from the margin, faint on both

surfaces when dry; secondary nerves many, irregular, alternate with

the main nerves, recurrent and forked to form the inconspicuous

reticulations; petiole -25in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, scarcely

longer than the petiole; peduncle and pedicels very short, with many

ovate obtuse bracteoles, which, however, scarcely imbricate; buds cla-

vate, ‘2in. long, tip globose; flowers light yellow. Calyx -05 in. long,

campanulate; lobes very short, obtuse, hyaline on the margins. Corolla-

414 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tube cylindric, dilated in the middle rather below the stamens, con-

tracted above and below, glabrous except a ring of hairs within under

the stamens, °125 in. long, with 5 lobed fleshy scales closing the throat;

lobes angled, falcate, fimbriate at the tip, the tip inflexed when open.

Anthers lanceolate, apiculate, ‘05 in. long; filaments short, pubescent at

base. Ovary conoidal, tapering to a short style and oblong conical

stigma, with a pale band at its base. Berry ovoid, orange, 3 to 3:5 in.

long, 2°5 in. in diameter ; pericarp smooth, shining, rather thin. Seeds

numerous, embedded in pulp, roughly oblong, ‘6 in. long, -4 in. broad,

with no apparent aril; testa thick, granular, brown, deeply pitted;

albumen waxy or fleshy; cotyledons oblong, ‘125 in. long, flat; radicle

thick, cylindrical, ‘275 in. long.

PERAK: in dense jungle at 500 to 800 feet, near Lartt, King’s Col-

lector 6525.

5. MELODINUS PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous

climbing shrub; young branches thicker than a crow-quill, cinereous-

brown, uppermost obscurely quadrangular. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic

or elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate at apex, attenuate at

base; both surfaces pale greenish-brown when dry, the upper somewhat

shining and darker than the lower; margins slightly recurved; 3:5 to

din. long, 15 to 2in. broad; midrib slender, slightly impressed above,

raised beneath; main nerves slender, 10 to 15 pairs, starting at about

60° with the midrib and curved upwards to and along the margin where

they meet, forming a slightly broken wavy obscure intramarginal nerve;

secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular, very faint, only the

main nerves easily visible; petiole 15 to -2 in., stout. Cymes axillary,

‘75 to 1 in. long, lax, sessile; branches and ‘1 to ‘2 in. long pedicels

slender; bracts ovate-acute, in pairs at the branches and below the

pedicels with 1 to 2 obtuse bracteoles on the pedicel; buds clavate,

‘2 in. long, tips globose ; flowers waxy-white. Calyx :05 in. long, cam-

panulate; lobes broadly ovate, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly

inflated in the middle opposite the stamens, narrowed at the throat ;

lobes oblong-spathulate, spreading, the apex lobed, one lobe fimbriately

toothed; a large rounded gland at the base of each lobe, in the throat

of the tube. Anthers lanceolate, cordate at base; filaments short,

slender. Ovary broadly ovate; style slender; stigma conical with a

bifid apiculus. Fruit pyriform, about 2 in. long by 1°5 in. broad; peri-

carp thin but woody, smooth. Seeds many, roughly triangular, -75 in.

long; testa dark brown, rugose, crustaceous, deeply pitted.

PERAK: in open jungle on limestone hills, at 300 to 800 feet, King’s

Collector 4481, 7031.

6. Mrtopinus cortaceus, Oliver in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1758 (1888).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 415

A large climbing shrub; branchlets as thick as a swan’s-quill, dark

reddish-brown, rough, uppermost internodes flattened or angled and

_with vertical lines; nodes raised and with a slight ridge. Leaves

coriaceous; elliptic or obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or very

slightly acute at apex, cuneate at base; upper surface olivaceous-brown,

shining, lower much paler and dull, grey when dry; margins recurved ;

3 to 5 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above,

raised beneath; main nerves 13 to 17 pairs, at about 60° to 70° with

the midrib, nearly straight to jom an obscure intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves recurrent, branching into reticulations, all fairly dis-

tinct on the upper, indistinct on the lower surface; petiole -3 to ‘5 in.

long, channelled above. Cymes axillary, sessile, as long as or slightly

longer than the petioles, many-flowered; rachis angular; bracteoles

ovate, acute, ciliate; pedicels stout, ‘05 in. long, much enlarged in fruit;

buds clavate, with globosé tip, °25 in. long. Calyx :05 to -075 in. long ;

lobes half the length, ovate, acute, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, con-

stricted at the mouth and near the base, dilated between, opposite the

stamens, pubescent within in a ring below the stamens, glabrous with-

out, mouth furnished with 5 2-lobulate fleshy appendages which nearly

close it; lobes ovate, falcate, very oblique, the tips fimbriate-dentate

turned to the right. Anthers near the top of the tube, sagittate, apicu-

late, 06 in. long; filaments short. Ovary globose, style slender; stigma

conical, with a short bifid apiculus, very gummy. Jerry ovoid or

globose, 1:5 to 2°5 in. in diam.; pericarp yellowish, shining, tubercular.

Seeds many, of irregular shapes, usually ovate pyriform; testa granular,

rugose, much pitted; albumen waxy, deeply pitted by the ridges of the

testa; cotyledons small, oblong, ‘125 in. long; radicle cylindrical, -25 in.

long. Alyxia ? corvacea, Wall. Cat. 9065, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.

Carey & Wall. II. 540; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 635. Hunteria ?

corvacea, Wall. Cat. 1610.

Penane: Wallach 1610, 9065; at Chalet, 1000 feet, Curtes 1040.

PERAK: open jungle near Larut, King’s Collector 7499; Waterfall Hill,

Wray 2074.

Tribe I1.—PLUMERIEZ.

Subtribe 1.—RAUWOLFIINZ.

Os VATHNEXeL AGS ee

Shrubs, sometimes scandent, usually glabrous. Leaves coriaceous,

in verticils of 3 to 4, rarely opposite; the nerves more or less faint.

Flowers rather small, in small axillary or terminal cymes. Calyx short,

4- to 5-partite, eglandular within. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube

eylindric, slightly expanded opposite the stamens, throat naked ;

416 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobes 5, slightly twisted, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted

above the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate, their bases rounded.

Disk none or obscurely annular. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels; style

filiform; stigma oblong, urceolate or capitate, poimted or somewhat

bifid; ovules 2 to 6 in two series in each carpel. Frwt of 1 or 2 drupes

often pedicellate; drupes 1-seeded or with 2 to 4 one-seeded joints.

Seeds ovoid or oblong, grooved or concave on the ventral surface at the

attachment to the placenta; albumen horny, deeply ruminate, pre-

senting horizontal parallel lamelle; cotyledons thin, leafy, ovate or

oblong, straight or curved; radicle long, thick.— Distris. Tropical

Asia, Australia, and Polynesia; about 30 to 35 species.

Drupes °5 in. long or under :—

Corolla pubescent without ; leaves pubescent beneath .. 1. A. pilosa.

Corolla glabrous without; leaves usually glabrous beneath :—

Leaves coriaceous :-—

Leaves mostly over 2 in. long :—

Main nerves 16 to 20 pairs at an angle of 60° to 70°

with midrib 56 2. A. lucida.

Main nerves 25 to 40 pairs Ri an wane of 80° with

midrib . : os 20 .. 3. A. odorata.

Leaves raoatly under 2 in. long :-—

Main nerves 10 to 12 pairs at right angles to midrib.. 4. A. oleifolia.

Main nerves 15 to 20 pairs at 75° to 80° with midrib.. 5: A. pumila.

Leaves chartaceous, 2:5 to 5 in, long, main nerves 27 to 30

pairs ; 50 5¢ 36 .. 6. A. Forbesii.

Drupes over °5 in. isabe _

Leaves thinly coriaceous, 4 to 6 in. long, main nerves ex-

tremely numerous; drupes 1 in. long 7. A. Scortechinii.

Leaves coriaceous, 3 to 4 in. long, main nerves 25 to 30 pairs;

flower not known; drupe ‘75 in. long ae .. 8. A. selangorica.

1. Anyxta prnosa, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 408 (1856). A slender

climbing shrub; branches stout with pale bark; branchlets thinner

than a goose-quill, angled, striate, dull brown, covered, especially the

extremities, with dense minute grey tomentum. Leaves very coriaceous,

opposite or more often in whorls of 3 to 4; lanceolate or elliptic-

lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate or acuminately narrowed

at base; upper surface shining olivaceous, lower pale yellowish-oliva-

ceous densely short-pubescent ; margins cartilaginous, recurved; 3 to

5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib very stout, very prominent on the

under surface, impressed on the upper; main nerves 15 to 20 pairs,

almost at right angles to the midrib, faintly depressed on the upper

surface when dry, broad and pale on the lower; secondary nerves many,

very indistinct, as are the reticulations; petiole ‘25 to ‘35 in. long,

thick, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 417

densely grey-pilose, reaching -75 to 1 in. in length; peduncles stout,

‘25 in. long; flowers subumbellately crowded; bracts at the bases of

the umbels lanceolate, -15 in. long; bracteoles smaller, three on each

pedicel, which is scarcely 1 in. long; buds clavate, the tip ovate-acute ;

flowers yellowish-white (?). Calyx deeply cleft, -15 in. long; lobes

ovate-lanceolate, densely pubescent. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated

near the top opposite the stamens, contracted at the mouth which

bears inside an annular ring, ‘4 in. long, pubescent without and below

the stamens within; lobes ovate-cordate, glabrous within, °15 in. long.

Anthers elliptic lanceolate, apiculate, 06 in. long; filaments slender.

Ovary (or the thin lobed disk surrounding and attached to it) densely

villous; carpels 2; style slender, :25 in. long; stigma cylindric, with a

bifid very short apiculus. F’rwt of 1 or 2 pedicellate oblong-ellipsoid

drupes, ‘5 in. long, °35 in. broad, tipped with the persistent base

of the style; pericarp smooth, thin, wrinkled when dry. Seed 1,

oblong, conform to the pericarp, furrowed on one side where it is

attached to the placenta; testa membranous; albumen horny, deeply

ruminate in closely packed horizontal lamelle; cotyledons small,

oblong ; radicle long, cylindric. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 635.

PERAK: in dense jungle near the top of Gunong Malacca, at 3,500

to 4,000 feet, King’s Collector 7170. Matacca: on Mount Ophir,

Liobb.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo (Teysmann, Beccarz 1685, 2121).

Lobb’s specimen has the leaves somewhat obovate, obtuse and almost emarginate

at apex, but otherwise seems to be the same as the Peninsular and Sumatran

specimens.

2. AuyxIA LucIDA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. II. 540

(1824). <A glabrous twining shrub; branches stout dark greyish-brown,

sparsely lenticelled; branchlets quadrangular, grey to reddish-brown,

shining. Leaves pergamaceous, opposite or in whorls of three, in young

branches of four; elliptic or obovate, obtuse or bluntly acute at apex,

cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, the upper shining, olive-

green when dry, the lower dull and pale; margins cartilaginous,

recurved; 1:75 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib slender,

impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 16 to 20 pairs, slender,

at 60° to 70° with the midrib, straight to join an intramarginal nerve at

‘05 in. from the edge or nearer, indistinct on both surfaces, less so on

the lower; secondary nerves many, between and similar to the main

nerves, often branched; reticulations obscure; petiole -1 to °3 in. long,

stout, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,

trichotomous, corymbosely subumbellate, puberulous, reaching -75 in.

long; peduncles angular, about -2 in. long; pedicels slender, -1 in. long ;

bracts linear-subulate, acute; bracteole on the pedicel, rounded; buds

418 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

clavate *3 in. long, the tip ovate; flowers yellowish-white, fragrant.

Calyx deeply 5-cleft; lobes linear, acute, ‘06 in. long, pubescent, ciliate

on the margins. Corolla-tube narrowly cylindric, slightly dilated near

the top opposite the stamens, contracted at the throat which is naked

but furnished with an annular fold within, glabrous without, puberulous

below the stamens within; lobes oblong, broad, :125 in. long, recurved.

Stamens inserted below the throat of the tube; anthers lanceolate,

‘05 in. long; filaments as long, slender. Dzsk of 5 minute very villous

scales, surrounding the ovary and almost adherent. Ovary of 2 distinct

carpels, ovoid, glabrous; style -15 to ‘2 in. long, very slender; stigma

oblong, apiculus bifid. Frwit of 1 or 2 pedicellate drupes; the pedicels

‘3 to ‘6 in. long; drupes ‘5d in. long, °3 in. broad, ellipsoid, shortly

apiculate; pericarp thin, striate. Seed solitary, -3 to °5 in. long, -2 to

‘3 in. broad, ellipsoid, deeply cleft on one side where it is attached to

the placenta; testa membranous; albumen horny, deeply ruminate,

and presenting closely packed horizontal lamellae; cotyledons flat,

oblong, ‘075 to ‘1 in. long; radicle cylindric, stout, -15 in. long.

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 635. A. Gynopogon, Syst. Veg. IV. 440;

Wall. Cat. 1605. A. quinata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IL. 407, fide Stapf in

Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, LV. 207.

KrepaH: at Gunong Raya, Curtis 2547. Prnane: Curtis 2881,

3088. PrrRaKk: firdley 7177; Cantley. Drixvines: Pangkor, at Rajah

Itam, Curtis 1622. Matacca: cultivated, Mammgay (K.D.) 1054.

SmncaporeE: Wallich 1605; Murton 12; Ridley 1801, 4427, 8905.—

Distris. Sumatra, Borneo (Haviland 2176, flowers rather longer

than type).

3. AuYyxIA opoRATA, Wall. Cat. 1606 (1829). A climbing shrub,

with smooth very dark brown bark; young branches thinner than a

goose-quill, 4-angled, shining, dark red-brown when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of 3 to 4; oblanceolate or oblong-

oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute at apex, narrowed at the base; both

surfaces glabrous, pale brown when dry, the upper shining, the lower

rather dull; margins recurved; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; mid-

rib stout, impressed above, raised and sharp beneath; main nerves

extremely numerous, perhaps 25 to 40 in number, but difficult to

distinguish from the equally numerous secondary nerves, which are

branched and often recurrent, usually at an angle of 80° with the mid-

rib and straight to join an intramarginal nerve close to the edge, raised

but faint on the upper surface, almost invisible on the lower; petiole

‘2 to :3 in. long, bordered by the decurrent margin of the blade. Cymes

axillary, about ‘5 in. long, including the short angled peduncle, few-

flowered ; pedicels ‘06 in. long, angular, pubescent; bracts lanceolate ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 419

buds clavate, ‘3 to -4 in. long, tip ovate. Calyx campanulate, ‘1 in.

long; lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla-tube cylindric,

dilated near the top opposite the stamens, contracted at the throat

which is annulate within, glabrous outside, pubescent within, -4 in.

long; lobes ovate, broadly obtuse, recurved, 125 in. long. Anthers

narrowly ovate; filaments short, slender. Dzsk none or so appressed

to the ovary as to be indistinguishable, white-villous. Ovary of 2

rounded carpels; style very slender, ‘3 in. long; stigma capitate.

Fruit of 2 or 1 ellipsoid, long- (up to °4 in.) pedicelled. drupes, often

2-seeded by superposition; each drupe ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, 3 in. broad; -

pericarp ribbed, furrowed on one side opposite the placenta. Seed

conform to the drupe; testa membranous, separated; albumen deeply

ruminate in horizontal lamelle.

Manacca: Griffith. Srincapore: at Sungei Morai, Fidley 4427,

5659.—Disrris. Burma (Tenasserim, Wallich 1606).

Ridley’s specimens show smaller leaves than those of the type, of which there is

only one specimen, viz. in the Wallichian Herbarium at the Linnean Society, but the

shape and nervation agree, as does the bark of the twigs. The Wallichian specimen

and Griffith’s being in fruit only, the description of the flowers is taken from Ridley’s.

4, Auyxia OLEIFoLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small climbing or

epiphytic shrub; branchlets rather thick, boldly angled, with smooth

pale brown bark, minutely rugose and puberulous; nodes swollen and

ridged. Leaves thickly coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of three;

elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate sometimes almost rhomboid, acute at apex

or slightly blunt-acuminate, narrowed at base; upper surface shining,

dark olivaceous, lower surface dull yellowish-olivaceous, both surfaces

glabrous, lower sometimes puncticulate; margins much recurved when

dry; 1:5 to 2:5 in. long, °75 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib very stout and

broad, much impressed above and raised beneath; main nerves 10

to 12 pairs, at right angles to the midrib, often forked, depressed

above, invisible beneath ; secondary nerves many, very obscure; reticu-

lations invisible; petiole stout, -15 to ‘25 in. long, wrinkled, bordered

- by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes subterminal and axillary,

reaching about 1 in. in length, glabrous, few-flowered; peduncles -3 to

‘5 in. long, angular, as are the branches; pedicels short; bracteoles

linear-subulate, similar to the calyx-lobes; buds clavate, 4 to ‘d in.

long, tip ovate. Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-lobed; lobes linear-

‘subulate, -1 in. long, ciliate. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly dilated

opposite the stamens, contracted at the mouth which is annulate

within, glabrous except slight pubescence below the stamens within ;

lobes ovate, obtuse, erect or slightly recurved, -15 in. long. Anthers

420 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ovate-lanceolate, ‘05 in. long; filaments slender. Disk of 5 densely

villous scales surrounding the ovary. Ovary of 2 rounded carpels,

puberulous; style slender; stigma globose with a bifid apiculus; ovules

1 in each cell. Fruit of 1 or 2 very shortly pedicellate ellipsoid drupes,

each drupe about ‘5 in. long and ‘35 in. broad; pericarp crustaceous,

striate, slightly furrowed on one side opposite the placenta, transversely

ridged within. Seed 1, grooved on one side where it is attached to the

placenta, 4 in. long, -25 in. broad; testa membranous; albumen horny,

deeply ruminate in horizontal lamelle; cotyledons ovate, ‘1 in. long;

radicle cylindric, thick, -15 in. long.

PrrRAK: in the mountains, at 4,500 to 5,500 feet, Wray 230, 3846,

4116; Scortechin ; King’s Collector 7405; Cantley, at Gunong Bubu,

5,040 feet.

5. Auyxia pumiuA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 635 (1882). A small

climbing shrub; branchlets as thick as a crow-quill, angled, reddish-

brown, minutely rugose, innovations with deciduous pubescence. Leaves

coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of 3; narrowly elliptic or ovate- or

lanceolate-elliptic, acute or shortly subacuminate at apex, cuneate at base

or slightly rounded; both surfaces glabrous except when very young,

upper shining dark olivaceous, lower dull and pale almost yellowish ;

margins recurved; ‘75 to 2 in. long, ‘35 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib rather

slender, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 15 to 20 pairs,

at from 75° to 80° with the midrib, very faint on the upper surface,

invisible on the lower; secondary nerves few, faint, reticulations in-

visible; petiole -1 to ‘15 in. long, stout, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Cymes short, axillary, 5- or 6-flowered, on °25 in.

long peduncles. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes linear, ciliate, -05 in. long.

Corolla-tube cylindric below, dilated near the top opposite the stamens,

then constricted above, ‘2 in. long, glabrous without, pubescent within

below the stamens; lobes ovate, 05 in. long, glabrous, spreading ;

throat not annulate. Anthers lanceolate, acute, rounded at base, -04 in.

long. Dzsk 5-lobed, white-villous. Ovary 2-carpelled; style slender ;

stigma oblong. Fruit of 2, usually 1, short-pedicelled ellipsoid drupes,

each about -4 in. long, °3 in. broad; pericarp ecrustaceous, shining,

grooved on one side. Seed conform to the drupe, grooved on one side

at the attachment to the placenta; testa thin, separated; albumen

horny, ruminated in flat lamelle.

KepaH: at Gunong Jerai, Ridley 5504. Prrax: top of Batu

Kusan, Scortechint 1621. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1053; on Mount

Ophir, Ridley 10094; Lobb.

6. Anyxia Forpesu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub;

branchlets as thick as a crow-quill, 3-angled, pale brown, shining,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 421

glabrous; the nodes slightly swollen, ridged. Leaves chartaceous,

opposite or in whorls of 3 to 4; lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-

lanceolate, obtusely rather long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;

both surfaces glabrous, green when dry, the lower slightly paler and

dull; margins very slightly recurved, thinly cartilaginous; 2-5 to 5 in.

long, ‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent, impressed

above, raised beneath ; main nerves very numerous, 27 to 30 pairs, at

an angle of about 80° with the midrib, slender, straight to join a slender

intramarginal nerve less than ‘0d in. from the edge, difficult to distin-

guish from the very numerous, often branching, secondary nerves;

reticulations irregular, all nerves rather faint on the upper, very obscure

on the lower surface; petiole ‘05 to ‘1 in. long, bordered by the

decurrent, usually connivent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,

slender, lax, glabrous, 3- to 5-flowered, reaching in all about 1 in. in

length; peduncles -25 in. long; pedicels very slender, -1 to :15 in.;

bracts 0 or linear, leafy, caducous ; buds clavate, ‘5 in. long, tip ovate;

flowers white. Calyx shortly campanulate, deeply 5-lobed; lobes

ovate-acute, spreading, ‘lin. long. Corolla-tube cylindric, -4 to ‘6 in.

long, slightly dilated near the top opposite the stamens, contracted at

the throat, which is annulate within, glabrous except the upper part

within; lobes ovate-cordate, ‘15 to -2 in. long, recurved. Anthers

lanceolate, rounded at base; filaments short, slender. Dzsk undulately

5-lobed, white-villous, enclosing the ovary. Ovary of 2 rounded

glabrous carpels; style very slender; stigma globose, with a bifid

apiculus. Frwit of 1 or 2 ellipsoid drupes on very short pedicels, each

drupe -4 to ‘5 in. long and ‘3 in. broad, grooved on one side opposite

the placenta ; pericarp thin, almost membranous. Seed 1, conform to

the drupe; testa membranous; albumen horny, deeply ruminate; coty-

ledons oblong, ‘15 in. long; radicle stout, -1 in. long, the base oblique.

A. stellata, Wall. Cat. 1604; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 636 (not of

Roem. and Sch.). Gynopogon stellatwm, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

XLVI. ii. 251, and For. Fl. II. 176 (not of Labill.).

Penane: Wallich 1604. Prrax: at Gunong Iras, 4,000 feet, Wray

4165; on Larut Peak, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, King’s Collector 2124; Scorte-

chint. Panane: at Kluang Terbang, W. D. Barnes 10898.—Disrrm.

Sumatra (Forbes 2268 ; on Mount Dempo, at 4,000 to 5,000 feet, 2256) ;

Java (Forbes 1043).

On following up the suggestion made in the FI. Br. Ind. that this plant is not

identical with the Polynesian 4. stellata, we feel bound to agree, and consider it best to

give it a new name.

7. Auyxta ScortEecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub;

young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale brown, shining, angled,

422 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

minutely rusty-puberulous, nodes swollen. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

in whorls of 3 or opposite; oblong-oblanceolate, shortly cuspidate-

acuminate at apex, narrowed at the base from above the middle; upper

surface dark-olivaceous, glabrous, shining when dry, lower surface

almost dull, paler and in young leaves minutely puberulous especially

along the midrib; margins thin, slightly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long,

1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, raised beneath ;

main nerves extremely numerous, probably more than 50, but difficult

to distinguish from similar secondary nerves, usually at an angle of 80°

with the midrib, straight to join an intramarginal nerve at a little less

than ‘05 in. from the edge, much branched recurrently, raised on the

upper surface; reticulations in a minute network; petiole °3 to °d in.

long, transversely corrugated when dry and bordered by the decurrent

edges of the blade. Cymes sessile, axillary, densely crowded, about

twice as long as the petioles; bracts numerous, linear-lanceolate,

pubescent; pedicels very short, bracteolate below the calyx; buds

clavate, ‘5 in. long, tip oblong obtuse. Calyx :15 in. long, campanulate,

deeply cleft in 4 to 5 linear lobes, ‘1 in. long, pubescent outside,

glabrous within. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated near the top opposite

the stamens, contracted at the mouth, which is annulately folded

within, pubescent within and on the upper half without, -4 in. long;

lobes 4 to 5, ovate, erect or recurved, pubescent, margins incurved,

‘15in. long. Anthers ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, ‘05 in. long; filaments

slender. Disk villous, appressed to the ovary. Ovary of 2 conical

carpels; style very slender, -3 in. long; stigma minute, capitate. Fruit

of 2, more usually 1, ellipsoid, long-pedicelled drupes, about 1 in. long

and ‘6 in. broad; pericarp ribbed when dry, especially opposite the

placenta. Seed conform to the drupe; albumen ruminate; cotyledons

oblong; radicle cylindric, rather long.

Perak: Scortechint; at lower camp, Gunong Batu Poteh, Wray

1091; at Kwala Kangsa, Ridley 2895.

Ridley’s specimen is the only one with fruit and its leaves are rather thinner than

those of the other specimens, but otherwise it corresponds well enough. To this

species probably also belong Burbidge’s specimens in leaf only from Borneo, and

Beccari’s No. 333 from Sumatra, all in the Kew Herbarium.

Species IMPERFECTLY Known.

8. ALYxIA sELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n.sp. A slender climbing

shrub; branchlets the size of a crow-quill, pale brown, shining, angled.

Leaves coriaceous, opposite or in whorls of 3 to 4; obovate or oblanceo-

late, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, long cuneate at base;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 423

olivaceous and shining on the upper surface, dull and rather paler and

minutely rusty-puberulous on the lower; margins recurved; 3 to 4 in.

long, 1 to 1-25 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, raised beneath;

main nerves very many, 25 to 30 or more, difficult to distinguish from

the similar but rather fainter secondary nerves, these latter recurrent-

branched, all meeting an obscure intramarginal nerve, nearly at right

angles to the midrib, obscure on both surfaces but slightly raised on

the upper; petiole ‘25 in. long, rusty-pubescent, bordered by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers not known, but fruiting cymes

axillary, scarcely longer than the petiole, few-flowered. Frwit of 1 or

2 long-pedicelled drupes; pedicels ‘3 to ‘4 in. long; drupes oblong

ellipsoid, acute at both ends, ‘75 in. long, °35 to ‘45 in. broad; pericarp

black and wrinkled when dry. Seed conform to the drupe but rounded

at the ends, grooved on one side where it is attached to the placenta ;

testa thin, separated; albumen horny, much ruminate in horizontal

lamelle ; cotyledons oblong, :2 in. long, ‘075 in. broad; radicle stout,

cylindric, °225 in. long.

SELANGOR: at Gua Batu, Ridley 8558.—Distris. Sumatra (forbes

3212).

6. RauwouFis, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous or rarely pubescent. Leaves 3- to 4-nately

whorled or opposite (rarely); nerves slender. Flowers in corymbose or

umbellate cymes, usually compound, alternate with the terminal leaves

or axillary to the upper leaves. Calyx short, 5-lobed, eglandular.

Corolla-tube cylindric, sometimes dilated opposite the stamens, con-

stricted at the mouth, the throat usually hairy within; lobes 5, broad,

overlapping to the left. Stamens included in the corolla-tube above the

middle; filaments short; anthers small, acute, rounded at base. Dzsk

cup-shaped or annular. Carpels 2, distinct or connate; style filiform ;

stigma broad, calyptriform or peltate; ovules 2, collaterally placed, in

each carpel. rut of 2 connate or distinct drupes, each with a

erustaceous 1-seeded pyrene. Seeds ovate; testa thin; albumen thin,

fleshy; cotyledons flat; radicle large, superior.— Distris. About

50 species, chiefly tropical American; about 10 from India and the

Malay Peninsula and islands.

Corolla-tube cylindric, inflated opposite the stamens; carpels

distinct ; pyrenes flattened; leaf-nerves rather distant (Sub-

genus I. OprxHioxyLon) as oc 3¢

Corolla-tube campanulate, not inflated opposite the stamens;

carpels connate; pyrenes rounded and beaked; leaf-nerves

many, close (Subgenus II. CyrrosrpHonta) Be .. 2. R. sumatrana.

1. R. perakensis.

494 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. RAUWOLFIA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n.sp. A small shrub ;

branchlets somewhat fleshy, pale brown, as thick as a goose-quill,

sparsely lenticellate. Leaves fleshy in texture when green, membranous

when dry; opposite or whorled, variable in size, glabrous; lanceolate

or spathulate, rather long acuminate at apex, narrowly attenuate at

base; bright green above turning dark brown when dry, greyish-green

beneath turning buff; 4 to 8 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib broad,

often sinuous when dry; main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, pale, starting from

the midrib nearly at right angles and curved upwards to and along the

margin; secondary nerves and reticulations obscure; petiole slender,

‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Cymes corymbose, long-peduncled, 1 to 4 together

from the axils of upper leaves; peduncle 1:5 to 3:5 long; branches

dichotomous, ultimate ones subumbellate; pedicels slender, -1 in. long,

‘25 in. fruit; bracts minute, triangular, caducous. Calyx-lobes ovate-

acuminate, ‘06 in. long, glabrous. Corolla-tube slender, °3 to ‘5 in.

long, tubular, inflated towards the top, glabrous on both sides; lobes

ovate, blunt, about ‘1 in. long. Disk annular, ‘04 in. long. Stamens

short, blunt; anthers as long as the filaments. Ovary rounded; style

filiform ‘15 to 2 in. long; stigma cylindric-calyptriform. Drupes

crimson, connate only at the base, obliquely ovate, ‘5 in. long, *25 in.

broad, flattened; exocarp fleshy. Pyrenes crustaceous, prominently

rugose; albumen thin; cotyledons ovate; radicle as long as cotyledons,

together ‘25 to 3 in. long.

Perak: Scortechim 920, 1161, 8410; Wray 3692; Ridley 2898,

5023. Panane: Fudley 1166.

This species is very near R. densiflora, Benth., of Ceylon, S. India, and the

Khasia Hills, but differs in the much shorter calyx-lobes, the narrower corolla-tube,

and the flattened drupes. From RK. serpentina, Benth., it differs in the veins of the

leaves starting nearly at right angles instead of obliquely, and in the larger, usually

more separated and flatter drupes and more pitted pyrenes

2. RauwoLFIA suMATRANA Jack Mal. Misc. 22 (1820). A small tree

reaching 40 to 50 feet in height, and 6 to 10 in. in diameter, with erect

stout branches and milky juice; branchlets more or less quadrangular,

lenticellate. Leaves pergamaceous, opposite or verticillate, generally in

threes, sometimes in fours, elliptic-oblong to obovate-spathulate, shortly

acute or acuminate at apex, long-attenuate at base; margins entire,

slightly reflexed; both surfaces glabrous, the lower pale; 6 to 8 in.

long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, very prominent, impressed above,

much raised beneath; main nerves parallel, 32 to 35 pairs, nearly at

right angles (80°) to the midrib, then straight, joining in a looped intra-

marginal nerve near the edge; secondary nerves similar but fainter,

usually one only between each pair of main nerves; reticulations very

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 425

few; petiole -75 to 1 in. long, slightly winged by the decurrent margins

of the blade. Flowers in terminal compound umbels; primary peduncles

3 to 5, stout, 3 to 4 in. long; secondary peduncles 6 to 8, 1 to 1°5 in.

long; tertiary peduncles 3 to 5, about ‘5 in. long; quaternary peduncles

and pedicels slender, -1 to ‘25 in. long, umbellules of about 4 to 6

flowers; bracts subulate, recurved; bracteoles very minute; buds sub-

globose, flowers white. Calyx-lobes imbricate, nearly orbicular, -05 in.

long ona tube of same length. Corolla-tube campanulate, -2 in. long;

lobes rounded, recurved, ‘(05 to ‘1 in. long; tube tufted-pubescent

within at the mouth and a little below it; lobes short, rounded,

‘075 in. long. Anthers sagittate mucronate, ‘04 in. long; filaments

very short. Disk thick, short, barely ‘025 in. long, obscurely 5-lobed.

Ovary 2-celled, furrowed; style slender, -1 in. long; stigma peltate ; cells

2-ovuled. Drupe oblong-globose, smooth, ‘6 to ‘7 in. long, ‘5 to ‘6 in.

broad; pyrenes two, compressed at top, enlarged below, beaked, longi-

tudinally furrowed and rugose, woody. Seed flattened; testa membra-

nous; albumen thin; embryo flattened; cotyledons ovate, ‘1 in. long;

radicle thick, as long as cotyledons. Hook. Bot. Misc. II. 73; Blume

Bijdr. 1034; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 337; Hassk. Fl. Bot. Zeit. (1845) 263 ;

Spanoghe in Linnea, XV. 325; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 93. Cyrtosz-

phoma sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 401.

PERAK: Scortechint 132, 1737; King’s Collector 4755, 5700.—

Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann 993, 995; Forbes 2851, 2860), Java

(Forbes 1051).

Jack says that the wood is very light, and is used by the Sumatrans for the

seabbards of swords and krises.

7. Huntertia, Roxb.

Glabrous trees. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, shining, with many

slender nerves. lowers in short close axillary or subterminal cymes.

Calyx small, 5-lobed, eglandular. Corolla salver-shaped; the tube

cylindric, somewhat dilated near the mouth, throat annulate; lobes

much overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted in the dilated portion

of the tube; anthers oblong-lanceolate, cells rounded at the base;

filaments short. Disk none. Carpels 2, distinct; style filiform,

thickened at top; stigma bifid; ovules 2 to 4 in each carpel. F'rwit of

two stalked berries, distinct or connate at base, ovoid or subfusiform,

oblique or recurved, 1-seeded or 2-celled by the intruded placenta, not

pulpy. Seeds ovoid or oblong; testa membranous; albumen smooth,

fleshy; cotyledons ovate, leafy; radicle straight.— Distrip. Three

species—one of India, Ceylon, and Malay Peninsula, another of Java,

and a third of tropical Africa.

426 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

HuntTERIA coryMBosaA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 695, and ed. Carey and

Wall. II. 531 (1824). A tree, reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 15 to

20 in. in diameter; branchlets slender, slightly angled and striate, and

dull brown when dry. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely

abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both

surfaces; 3 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed

above, prominent beneath; main nerves numerous, about 22 to 26 pairs,

slender, slightly curved upwards to meet in an intramarginal nerve

close to the edge; secondary nerves similar to main-nerves, recurrent-

branched ; reticulations prominent, all more or less raised on both

surfaces when dry; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, slender. Cymes on short

peduncles about ‘5 to 75 in. long; branches corymbose, short; pedicels

slender, angled, -1 to ‘2 in. long; bracts minute; flower-buds slender,

‘) to ‘6 in. long; flowers waxy-white. Calyx-lobes ovate-acute, ‘05 to

‘1 in. long, glabrous. Corolla-tube cylindrical, :3 to -35 in. long, slightly

dilated above and annulate at the throat, minutely pubescent within ;

lobes ovate-oblong, ‘2 to ‘25 in. long. Stamens with short filaments;

anthers ‘05 in. long. Carpels conical, glabrous. Berrzes globose,

obtusely beaked, smooth, yellow, 2-seeded, -75 in. in diameter, on a

‘'25 in. long flattened stalk. Seeds ovoid, flattened on one side,

convex on the other, ‘d in. long, °4 in. broad; testa very thin ; albumen

thick, fleshy; cotyledons ovate, ‘125 in. long, 3-nerved; radicle stout,

cylindric, as long as the cotyledons. Wall. Cat. 1608; Wight Ie. t. 428 ;

A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 350; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 409; Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. III. 637; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 128. 4H. zeylanica, Gardn.; Thw.

Enum. 191; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 265. H.? lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 161;

A. DC. l.c. H. Roxburghiana, Wight Ic. t. 1294; Thw. Enum. 192;

Bedd. J.c. CLVIII. Cameraria zeylanica, Retz. Obs. IV. 24; A. DC.

l.¢. 389. Gynopogon lanceolatum, Kurz For. Fl. Il. 177. Taberne-

montana salierfolia, Wall. Cat. 1580. T. parviflora, Herb. Heyne.

Kepau; on Lankawi Island, Curtis 237. Penane: Wallsch 1608;

King’s Collector 1460, 1468; Phillips. Perak: Wray 3378; King’s

Collector 7465. Sevtancor: Ardley 8556.—Distris. India, Ceylon,

Burma, Sumatra (Forbes 2716, 2722, 2737).

Subtribe 2.—CERBERINZ.

8. CERBERA, Linn.

Small glabrous trees or large shrubs. Leaves alternate or scattered,

long, with slender parallel nerves. Flowers large, white or red, in

pseudo-terminal cymes. Calyx 5-lobed, eglandular, the segments

long; tube almost none. Corolla large; tube funnel-shaped above,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 427

cylindric below ; lobes 5, spreading, overlapping to the left. Stamens

included, small; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, rounded at base. Disk

none. Carpels 2, distinct; style filiform; stigma large, disciform, with

a bilobed apiculus; ovules 4 in each carpel, on both sides of a thick

placenta. Hrwt of 1, rarely 2, globose or ellipsoid drupes; pericarp

very thick, fibrous and woody. Seeds broad, compressed, peltately

attached to the enlarged placenta; albumen none; cotyledons thin;

radicle very short.—Distris. Species 4, found in Madagascar, tropical

Asia and the Pacific Islands.

CERBERA ODOLLAM, Gaertn. Fruct. IT. 193, t. 124 (1791). A small

tree or large shrub, with very thick branches and stout branchlets pro-

minently marked by the scars of fallen leaves. Leaves leathery; variable

in shape and somewhat in venation; oblanceolate or oblong-obovate,

acute or abruptly short acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; black

when dry, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above; 3 to 8 in. long,

1 to 2in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves numerous but variable

in number (15 to 25), starting nearly at right angles to the midrib,

straight and meeting in an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary

nerves many, between the main nerves, reticulations indistinct ; petiole

‘7d to 1-5 in. long, stout. Cymes large; main peduncles stout, 3 to d in.

long; branches corymbosely paniculate; bracts ovate, deciduous, leafy,

‘) to lin. long; pedicels °75 to 1 in.long, stout ; flowers white with a red

or yellowthroat. Calyx glabrous, lobes linear-oblong, acuminate, ‘5 to 1 in.

long. Corolla-tube ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, cylindric below, funnel-shaped above,

pubescent and ribbed within and furnished with 5 projecting ribs at the

mouth ; lobes broadly elliptic, oblique, acute, about as long as the tube.

Drupe ovoid, 2 to 4 in. long, smooth, green; 2 to 4 in. in diameter; peri-

carp very thick, fleshy without, fibrous within. Seeds broad, compressed ;

cotyledons fleshy, ovoid, flattened. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 353; Wight Ic.

t. 441; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 692, and ed. Carey & Wall. Il. 527; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. II. 413; Brandis For. Fl. 322; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 171; Bedd.

Fl. Sylv. CLVII.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 628; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. ITT.

128; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 128; Prain Beng. Plants 670; Koord. & Val.

Bijdr. I. 84. C. Manghas, Linn. Sp. Pl. 208, partly ; Wall. Cat. 1582

and Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 529; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 1845;

K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 159, fig. 57, P to S.

C. lactaria, Ham.; A. DO. l.c.; Mig. lc. 414. C. laursfolia, Lodd.

Bot. Cab. t. 989. Tanghinia Odollam, lactaria, and laurzfolia, G. Don

Gen. Syst. IV. 98. ‘ Odolldém,’’ Rheede Hort. Mal. I. 6. 39.

Penane: Wallich 1582; Curtis 1651, 17138. Prerax: Scortechini

964; Wray 2508; Ridley 7178; King’s Collector 1131. Matacca:

Griffith; Hervey. Sineapore: Ridley 8083; Hullett 807, 871. —

428 © Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Distris. India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China, Australia,

Pacific Islands.

A plant of sea-coasts and tidal creeks. Hullett says the Malay name is “ Betak-

betak,” and thatthe milky juice is poisonous. Linneus’s name, C. Manghas, ought

to take precedence of Gaertner’s, but it was applied to two species, the former of

which belonged to a different genus, so we follow the Fl. Br. Ind. and other authorities

in retaining Gaertner’s name.

9. OcHROSIA, Juss.

Trees. Leaves whorled, rarely opposite or scattered; nerves very

numerous, parallel, spreading. Cymes pedunculate at the ends of the

branches, alternate with the uppermost leaves, finally lateral. Calyx

5-lobed, eglandular. Corolla salver-shaped; tube cylindric, not or

very slightly dilated opposite the stamens, throat naked; lobes 5,

twisted, overlapping to the right. Stamens included in the tube

of the corolla, at or above the middle; anthers lanceolate, rounded

at the base. Dzsk very small, annulate, or none. Carpels 2, distinct

or connate at the base; style filiform; stigma oblong, 2-fid; ovules in

each carpel 2 to 6, biseriate, on either side of a prominent placenta.

Fruit of 2 spreading drupes, sometimes connate at the base; epicarp

thinly fleshy ; endocarp thick, hard, often dorsally compressed and more

or less grooved ventrally. Seeds solitary or 2 separated by the placenta,

flattened; testa membranous; albumen absent or fleshy; cotyledons

large, flat, foliaceous; radicle short, superior—Distris. About 12

species, found from the Mascarene Islands eastwards through the

Malay Archipelago to Australia and the Pacific.

OcHrRosiA BoRBONICA, Gmel. Syst. Veg. I. 439 (1796). A small

evergeen glabrous tree, reaching 20 feet in height; branches very stout,

fleshy; branchlets fleshy, glaucous green, marked with the prominent

sears of fallen leaves. Leaves fleshy when green, membranous when

dry, in whorls of 3 to 4 or irregularly placed; obovate, obtuse and very

briefly apiculate at apex, cuneately narrowed at base; upper surface

shining, lower pale; 4 to 10 in. long, 2 to 5 in. broad; midrib stout,

raised on both sides; main nerves many, 20 to 26 pairs, slender, parallel,

leaving the midrib at an angle of about 80° and slightly curving to

meet in an intramarginal nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves 1 to

2 between each pair of main nerves branching and joining the irregular

reticulations; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, thick. Cymes in short, thick,

corymbose branches ; primary peduncles stout, 1 to 4 in. long; secondary

peduncles about 1 in. long; branches and pedicels short, thick; lower

bracts somewhat leafy, upper deciduous; bracteoles 2, triangular, on the

pedicels below the calyx; flowers white; buds elongate. Calyx-lobes

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 429

coriaceous, ovate; tube about equal to lobes, Corolla-tube cylindric,

about *15 in. long, glabrous within; lobes spreading, oblong, as long as

tube or rather longer. Drupes 2 to 2°5 in. long, 1-75 in. broad, slightly

recurved, yellow, obliquely ovoid. Seeds large, flat. A. DC. Prodr. VIII.

356; Wall. Cat. 1584; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLVIII.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

III. 638; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 129, t. 60. O. salubris, Blume Mus.

Bot. 1.158; Kurz For. Fl. II. 172. Cerbera salutaris, Lour. Fl. Cochin-

ch. I. 163; Blume Bijdr. 1033. C. parviflora Wall. Cat. 1584. C. oppo-

sttefolia Lam. Ene. I. 62; A. DC. l.c. 354. C. platysperma, Gaertn.

Fruct. IT. 193. Lactaria salubris, Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. 255, t. 84;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 415. Calpicarpum Lamarckit, G. Don Gen. Syst.

TY. 100.

SmvgaPporE: Wallich 1584.—Distri. Andaman Islands, Ceylon,

Mascarene Islands, Malay Archipelago.

A plant of the tidal creeks, ‘‘more decidedly maritime than Cerbera Odollam”

(Trimen). The milky juice is thick and viscid. The leaves as shown in Trimen’s

plate are not at all characteristic.

10. Kopsra, Blume.

Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous or sub-

coriaceous, penniveined. lowers white or pink, in short terminal

cymes; the rachis often bearing imbricated bracts. Calyx small,

5-partite, eglandular within. Corolla salver-shaped; tube very slender,

only slightly dilated opposite the stamens, without scales at the mouth,

pilose within; lobes twisted, overlapping to the right. Stamens

near the top of the tube; anthers acute, cells rounded at the base.

Disk of 2 glands alternating with the carpels. Carpels 2, distinct ;

style filiform ; stigma thickened, with a short apiculus; ovules 2 in each

carpel, 1 on either side of a thick placenta. Frwet of 2 obovoid or

obliquely quadrate drupes or capsules, furrowed on the anterior face ;

pericarp subcoriaceous, 1-seeded, or 2-celled by the intruded placenta

and two-seeded. Seeds oblong; testa membranous; albumen none;

cotyledons usually thick——Distrris. About 12 species of the Malay

Peninsula and Archipelago.

Tube of corolla dilated at the top :—

Branches of the inflorescence with rather distant bracts :—

Leaves usually more than 5 in. long and 2 in. broad :—

Cymes much-branched, many-flowered; lobes of corolla

broad zs fe ot 50 1. K. fruticosa var. albiflora.

Cymes little-branched, few-flowered ; lobes of corolla

narrow .. .. 2. K. paucifiora.

Leaves usually under 5 in. long and 2 in. broad :—

430 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Carpels glabrous; corolla-tube under 1 in. long; calyx-

lobes acuminate 5+ 36 s- .. 3. K. Scortechinit.

Carpels hairy; corolla-tube over 1 in. long; calyx-lobes

rounded .. ae a2 45 .. 4. Ky Griffithii.

Branches of the inflorescence covered with many closely im-

bricating bracts; bracts very small; cyme-branches very

short; corolla-tube under °4 in. long.. 5 a0

Tube of corolla dilated in the middle; branches of the in-

florescence with imbricating bracts :—

Cymes under ‘5 in. long; leaves lanceolate, under 4°5 in.

5. K. larutensis.

long - 30 ae 36 .. 6. K. Ridleyana.

Cymes 1 to 3 in. long; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-

obovate, 5 to9in.long .. = ot .. 7. K. macrophylla.

1. Kopsta rruticosa, A. DC. Prodr. VITI. 352 (1844). A large

evergreen shrub; branchlets smooth, pale brown. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, opposite; elliptic, elliptic-oblong; or elliptic-lanceolate,

obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, acuminately attenuate at base;

glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, pale beneath; 4 to 9 in.

long, 1:5 to 3:5 in. broad; midrib thick; main nerves prominent

beneath, 10 to 14 pairs, more or less parallel, gradually curving upwards

to meet in a faintly looped intramarginal nerve close to the edge;

secondary nerves short; reticulation distinct; petiole short, -25 in.

long, ending in a gland at the apex. Cymes short, in a dense

many-bracted subtrichotomous corymb at the ends of pseudo-terminal

peduncles; peduncle short, stout; secondary peduncles also short, as

are the tertiary and the pedicels; all minutely fulvous-pubescent, as

are the bracts; bracts many, ovate, acute or obtuse, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long,

pubescent, ciliate on the edges, leaving when they fall prominent scars ;

bracteoles similar, 2 on each pedicel under the calyx. Calya-tube

short; lobes 5, minutely pubescent, ovate-oblong, obtuse or emarginate

and with a gland at the apex, ciliate on the margins, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long.

Corolla-tube slender, slightly dilated at the summit opposite the

stamens, 1‘5 in. long; mouth red, minutely pubescent; lobes elliptic

obovate, obtuse, half as long as the tube or slightly more, pink.

Anthers oblong-lanceolate, acute. Dzsk-glands beaked. Carpels 2,

oblong, obtuse; style slender; stigma calyptriform, 2-lobed at top.

Fruit of 2 (more usually 1) urn-shaped flattened capsules, more or less

triangular in shape, 1 to 1:25 in. long, villous, veined, opening by a slit

on the ventral margin. Seeds oblong-lanceolate, ‘8 in. long, ‘25 in.

broad, 3-ribbed; testa membranous; albumen none; cotyledons oblong-

lanceolate, ‘75 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, fleshy; radicle very small. Bot.

Mag. 4220; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 639; Prain Beng. Plants, 671.

Calpicarpum Roxburghi, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 100; Wight Ic. t. 431;

Kurz For. Fl. II. 178; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 412. Cerbera fruticosa,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 431

Ker Bot. Reg. t. 391; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 691, and ed. Carey & Wall. IT.

526; Wall. Cat. 1583.

SINGAPORE: cultivated, Maingay (K.D.) 1055.—Distrip. Burma.

This shrub is very commonly cultivated in Indian and Malayan gardens.

Var. albiflora, King & Gamble. Differs but little from the species,

but has white flowers, a glabrous acutely pointed capsule, more ob-

long leaves, and rather larger corolla-lobes. Calpicarpum albiflorum,

Teysm. & Binn. in Tijd. Ned. Ind. XXV. (1863) 402. See also Ridley

in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, IIT. 320.

SINGAPORE: Goodenough 59; King’s Collector 1232; Ruidley.—

Distris. Java, Ceram (Teysmann 5035).

2. Kopsia pAaucirtoRA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 639 (1882). A

shrub (?); branchlets slender, pale brown, uppermost angled. Leaves

chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely caudate-acuminate

at apex, acuminate at base; olivaceous-green and somewhat shining on

the upper, yellowish and dull on the lower, surface; 4 to 6 in. long,

1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib fairly prominent, impressed on the upper,

much raised on the lower, surface; main nerves 6 to 10 pairs, distant,

starting at an angle of 60° with the midrib and curving upwards to join

in an obscure intramarginal nerve quite close to the edge; secondary

nerves and transverse reticulations prominent on the lower surface;

petiole -25 in. long, stout. Cymes terminal, few-flowered; the rachis

‘25 to ‘5 in. long, with many ovate-acute persistent bracts. Calyx

‘15 in. long; lobes ovate, obtuse, rather shorter than the tube. Corolla-

tube very slender, cylindric, 1:5 to 2 in. long, villous inside, dilated at

the top; lobes linear-oblong, 1 in. long, at length reflexed in flower.

Anthers small, near the top of the tube. Fruit not known.

Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Maingay (K.D.) 1056.

3. Kopsia ScortEcHinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A tree, reaching

40 to 50 feet in height; the branchlets swollen at the nodes. Leaves

chartaceous; elliptic oblong, briefly acuminate at apex, unequally

narrowed at base; somewhat shining on the upper, pale on the lower

surface; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in.

_ broad; midrib slender, impressed above, ending in a gland at the

apex; main nerves 8 to 16 pairs, at an angle of about 70° with the

midrib, curving upwards to join in an intramarginal nerve immediately

close to the edge; reticulations inconspicuous; petiole ‘1 in. long,

glandular at the base inside. Cymes terminal, pseudo-terminal or

lateral, on peduncles of varying ('28 to 2 in.) length; branches spreading,

corymbose; bracts ovate-triangular, acute, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, glabrous;

pedicels short variable, each with a pair of small bracteoles; flowers

large, white; buds clavate. Calyx-tube scarcely any; lobes ovate

432 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

acuminate, with a gland at the point behind, ciliate on the margins,

‘Lin. long. Corolla-tube slender, dilated at the top then constricted,

‘75 to lin. long, pubescent within below the stamens and half-way

down; lobes spreading, linear-oblong, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Anthers

lanceolate-acuminate, ‘1 in. long; filaments short. Dzsk-scales longer

than carpels, broadened below, beaked above. Carpels glabrous; style

very slender; stigma short, cylindric. rut not seen.

Perak: Scortechint 1878.

4. Kopsia GrirFitau, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (?);

branchlets pale brown, slender, enlarged at the nodes. Leaves coria-

ceous; ovate to ovate-oblong, abruptly obtusely caudate-acuminate at

the apex, which is often emarginate, attenuate at the base; shining

above, pale beneath; 3:5 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender, prominent and channelled above; main nerves many (22

to 30 pairs), close, parallel, starting at an angle of about 70° with

the midrib, and slightly curving to meet in an intramarginal nerve

close to the edge, raised and prominent on the upper, less so in the

lower surface; reticulations few; petiole :25 in. long, bordered by the

decurrent margins of the blade, those of each pair of leaves embracing

the branchlet so as nearly to meet. Cymes axillary and pseudo-terminal,

sessile or on very short peduncles, corymbose; primary branches few

and irregular in length and number of flowers (sometimes 1 flower only);

bracts ovate-acute, very small, glabrous; pedicels slender, -4 to ‘6 in.

long, with 2 to 3 minute bracteoles near the middle; flowers apparently

large, white; buds long, clavate. Calyx-tube almost none; lobes nearly

orbicular, ‘05 in. long, ciliate on the margins, a gland on the back near

the top. Corolla-tube very slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, inflated at the top,

slightly pubescent within below the stamens; lobes ovate, ovate-oblong

or oblong, obtuse, ‘75 to 1 in. long. Amthers lanceolate-acuminate,

‘15 in. long; filaments short. Dzsk-glands subulate, slender. Carpels

obtuse, densely long-hairy; style slender; stigma oblong, bifid. Fruct

not seen.

Mauacoa: Griffith.

Var. pauctnervia, King & Gamble. A shrub, 4 to 6 feet high, flower

very white. Similar to the species, but the leaves with fewer, 12 to 15

main nerves leaving the midrib at an angle of about 50° only, and not

so abruptly or caudately acuminate. The carpels show the same shaggy |

hairs, and the disk-glands are the same.

Perak: King’s Collector 10707, in dense jungle, on limestone hills,

at 500 to 800 feet.

5. Kopsia LARUTENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub reaching

10 feet in height, or a small tree up to 25 feet; branches pale brown,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 433

rather smaller than a goose-quill, corky-barked and somewhat scurfy

when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, obtusely long caudate-

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; margins recurved; upper sur-

face shining, lower pale, both reddish when dry; 4 to 10 in.

long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout, ending in a gland at the

extreme apex; main nerves parallel, 15 to 22 pairs, impressed on the

upper, raised on the lower surface, starting at an angle of about 70° to

the midrib and gently curving upwards to meet in a looped intra-

marginal nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves and reticulations

few; petiole very short or almost none, at most ‘2 in. long, stout, those

of each pair of leaves joined by a slight ridge at the nodes. Cymes

axillary or pseudo-terminal, sessile, few- (up to 10-) branched, very short

at first but lengthening gradually to ‘5 in.; the branches covered with

very small ovate-triangular densely imbricate bracts; flowers small,

cream-coloured; buds clavate. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, obtuse,

with a gland on the back near the top, ciliate on the margins. Corolla-

tube cylindrical, slender, -3 to -4 in. long, slightly dilated at the top

opposite the stamens, pubescent within; lobes spreading, much twisted,

‘3 in. long, oblong-spathulate. Anthers lanceolate, apiculate, the bases

rounded; filaments very short. Dzsk-glands subulate. Carpels 2,

glabrous. Frwt of 2 (often only 1) urn-shaped capsules, triangular

in shape, inflated on the dorsal, grooved on the ventral margin

where they dehisce, ‘7 in. long on the ventral margin, ‘6 in. broad,

‘25 in. thick, striate, beak sharp. Seeds 1, ovoid, -4 in. long; testa

membranous; albumen none; cotyledons fleshy, thick; radicle very

small.

Perak: in low-lying woods near Larut, Wray 2736, 3956; Scorte-

chint 57, 59, 1704; King’s Collector 462, 2082, 4269, 6165.

6. Korsra RiptEyana, King & Gamble, n.sp. A low shrub, reaching

a foot or so in height; branchlets smooth, the size of a crow-quill.

Leaves chartaceous when dry; lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex,

cuneately attenuate at base; shining above, pale below; 4 to 4°d in.

long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, ending in a gland at the apex;

main nerves 12 to 14 pairs at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,

curving upwards to meet in a slender looped intramarginal nerve, raised

above as are the few secondary nerves and oblique reticulations ; petiole

‘15 in. long, somewhat stem-clasping and slightly fimbriate-scaly at the

base. Cyme terminal or apparently so, sessile, branches very few

(2 to 3), about ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, furnished with many ovate-acute broadly

sheathing glabrous bracts; flowers on very short pedicels, pure white ;

buds clavate. Calyx-tube very short; lobes ovate, obtuse or almost

emarginate, with a gland on the back, glabrous, -1 to ‘15 in. long.

434 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla very slender, 1 in. long, dilated in the middle, pubescent at the

mouth, glabrous within; lobes spreading, oblong-obovate, °75 in. long,

‘25 in. broad. Anthers lanceolate, acute, rounded at base, ‘1 in. long;

filaments very short. Dzsk-glands subulate. Carpels 2, 2-celled, each

cell 2-seeded; style very slender; stigma cylindrical, bilobed. Frwt

not known. ‘

Neer SEMBILAN: at Perhsutian Tinggi, Rzdley 10093.

7. Kopsia MAcRopHYLLA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 639 (1882). A

shrub, 6 to 10 feet high; branchlets dark brown, the size of a goose-

quill, smooth. Leaves thinly coriaceous when fresh, chartaceous when

dry ; elliptic-oblong or oblong-obovate, obtusely short caudate-acuminate

at apex, cuneate at base; margins only slightly or not recurved; upper

surface light green with yellow towards the centre when fresh and

with a metallic lustre when dry, lower surface pale brown, very

minutely pubescent especially on the nerves; 5 to 9 in. long, 2 to

2-5 in. broad; midrib stout, ending in a gland at the apex; main nerves

18 to 22 pairs, raised on both surfaces, sometimes branched, at first

straight and parallel, starting at an angle of about 55° with the midrib,

then slightly curving to join in an intramarginal nerve close to the

edge; secondary nerves few and reticulations prominent above when

dry; petiole none or at most ‘1 in. long, those of each pair of leaves

joined by a slight ridge at the node. Cymes pseudo-terminal, with a

short (‘5 to ‘7 in.) stout peduncle and few, usually 2, thick branches,

1 to 3 in. long, densely covered with small broadly ovate pubescent

imbricate ciliate bracts, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long; the branches not again

branched; pedicels very short, stout; bracteoles 2, obtuse, ciliate,

pubescent, under the calyx; flowers very white; buds clavate. Calyzx-

tube very short; lobes 5, imbricate, oblong, obtuse or emarginate,

with a gland on the back, minutely pubescent and ciliate, -1 in. long.

Corolla-tube very slender, 1 in. long, dilated in the middle, glabrous

within except for a slight ring below the anthers; lobes obovate, ‘5 to

‘75 in. long, 4 to 5 in. broad, rounded. <Anthers lanceolate, ‘1 in. long ;

filaments very short, slightly pilose at base. Carpels rounded, minutely

pubescent at apex; style slender. rut not seen, said to be pale green

in colour.

PERAK: in rich soil on low ground, King’s Collector 4963. Stinea-

PORE: Lobb.

Haviland’s No. 3042 from Borneo comes very near this, but the tube of the corolla

is dilated near the top; the bracteate branches of the inflorescence are longer; and the

leaves have a dark upper surface, more irregular main-nerves and the marginal nerve

farther from the edge, and with another more slender outside it. But the material

is insufficient for description.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 435

Subtribe 3.—HUPLUMERIIN2.

11. Austonta, Br.

Trees or erect shrubs; branches often in whorls. Leaves usually

whorled, rarely opposite, frequently with numerous nearly horizontal

nerves ; stipules sometimes represented by glands or a ridge between

the leaf-petioles. Inflorescences of terminal or pseudo-terminal corym-

bose or umbelliform cymes, sometimes verticillate on the rachises.

Calyx-tube short, sometimes urceolate, sometimes almost none; lobes

5, short, eglandular. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric, dilated

opposite the stamens, usually at the top, the throat naked, annulate

or with reflexed hairs; lobes overlapping either to the right or

left. Stamens usually at the top of the tube, sometimes lower,

included; anthers free, usually lanceolate; filaments short, filiform.

Disk none, or annular or lobed; the lobes 2 alternate with the

carpels. Carpels 2, distinct; style filiform; stigma oblong or cylindric,

usually bifid at apex; ovules in each cell many, pluriseriate. Prt of

2 follicular mericarps, usually long, cylindric, slender. Seeds oblong,

compressed, peltate on flattened tough placentas, ciliate and usually

with tufts of long hairs at the ends; testa membranous, often papillose;

albumen fleshy, rather scanty; cotyledons oblong, flat; radicle about

as long as the cotyledons, superior.—Distris. Species about 380;

found in India, Malaya, tropical Australia and Polynesia, one in

tropical Africa.

Leaves with close parallel nerves, apex usually obtuse ; ‘corolla-

lobes overlapping to the left; follicles over 6 in. long,

equally broad throughout; seeds rounded at both ends (Sub-

genus I. Pana) :—

Ovary villous; corolla-tube pubescent without; leaves 3 to

7 in. long ae 50 -- Ll. A. scholaris.

Ovary glabrous ; corolla- fee slativous without :—

Corolla-tube rather broad; follicles glabrous; leaves 2 to

4in. long .. ye ob an .. 2. A. spathulata.

Corolla-tube slender ; follicles yoo bal leaves 2°5 to

din. long .. .. 3. A. angustiloba.

Leaves with close peraitolie nerves, Ae ar alie Renter corolla-

lobes overlapping to the left; follicles under 6 in. long,

broadest in the middle; seeds oblong, dentate at the ends

(Subgenus II. En ER TRG) oe .. 4. A, Curtisiz.

Leaves with distant more or less pares! nerves ; corolla-lobes

overlapping to the right; follicles long, slender, equally broad

throughout; seeds acute or acuminate at one end, rounded at

the other (Subgenus III. DissuraspeRmum) :—

Stamens inserted at the top of the corolla-tube, which is

436 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous without; leaves 5 to 12 in. long; main nerves 20 to

24 pairs; seeds rounded at one end, bifid and acute at the

other 55 a5 ie 50 .. 5. A. macrophylla.

Stamens inserted near the middle of the corolla-tube, which

is pubescent without; leaves usually 4 to 6 in. long; main

nerves 12 to 16 pairs; seeds rounded at one end, long-acumi-

nate at the other 54 oc oe .. 6. A. angustifolia.

IMPERFECTLY Known.

7.. A. GRANDIFOLIA. 8. A. PANGKORENSIS.

1. AuSTONIA scCHOLARIS, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 76

(1811). A large evergreen tree, reaching 60 feet or more in height

and 6 feet or more in girth; stem buttressed; branches verticillate ;

branchlets smooth, swollen at the nodes; juice milky, bitter as is also

the wood; glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves coriaceous, verti-

cillate, 4 to 7 in a whorl; oblong-obovate, oblong or elliptic-oblong,

obtuse or sometimes shortly and bluntly acute, occasionally emarginate

at apex, cuneate at base; bright green and shining above, white or grey

glaucous beneath, 3 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib thick;

main nerves parallel, 30 to 40 pairs, at first almost at right angles to

the midrib, slightly curving upwards to an intramarginal nerve close to

the edge; secondary nerves many, similar but more slender; reticula-

tions few; petiole stout, 25 to ‘75 in. long, with a hooked process on

the upper side near the base. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal. Cymes

umbellately branched; main peduncles stout, 3 to 5, variable in length,

usually 2 to 3 in.; secondary peduncles slender, 5 to 7, supported often

by a spathulate leafy bract; pedicels short; terminal flowers subcapitate ;

bracteoles oblong or ovate; flowers greenish-white; buds obovoid;

whole inflorescence more or less tawny pubescent. Calyx-tube very

short; lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate, sometimes unequal in size. Corolla-

tube cylindric, slightly enlarged below, much dilated at the top, hairy

on both sides, ‘25 to ‘35 in. long, annulate within at the mouth; lobes

ovate, obtuse, ‘15 in. long, cordate at base, rounded at top. Dzsk none.

Anthers lanceolate, acute, rounded below; pollen-grains spherical, with

small prominences. Ovary densely pale-villous; style slender; stigma

cylindric, bifid at apex. Frwt of 2 follicles, 1 to 2 feet long and -10 to

‘15 in. broad, pendulous, terete. Seeds oblong, peltate, on a narrow

placenta, flattened, -3 in. long, ‘075 in. broad, scabrous-papillose on both

surfaces, reddish-brown, furnished at each end with tufts of slender

tawny hairs up to ‘5 in. long; albumen very thin; cotyledons oblong,

about ‘1 in. long; radicle slender, as long as cotyledons. A. DC.

Prodr. VIII. 408; Wall. Cat. 1644; Wight Ic. t. 422; Hook. f. FI.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 437

Br. Ind. III. 642; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 436; Blume Bijdr. 1037;

Brandis For. Fl. 325; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 242; Kurz For. Fl. II.

183; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 117; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. ITI. 133; Engl. &

Prantl IV. i. 138, t. 53; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 132; Prain Beng.

Plants, 672. Hchites scholaris, Linn. Mant. 55. EH. Pala, Ham.

ex Spreng. Syst. I. 633; A. DC. l. c. 477. — “ Pala,” Rheede Hort. Mal.

I. t. 45.

Penane: Wallich 16444. Prrax: Wray 170 (Vern. “Poko Pala’);

Scortechint 601; King’s Collector 7952. Matacca: Hervey. Srinea-

PORE: Wallach 16448. — Distris. Throughout India, Ceylon and

Burma, the Malay Archipelago, tropical Australia and Africa.

2. ALSTONIA SPATHULATA, Blume Bijdr. 1037 (1834). A tree reach-

ing 380 to 40 feet in height and 12 to 15 in. diam, (Scortechint and

others), 60 to 100 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in diameter (King’s

Collector 5263); glabrous; branches verticillate; branchlets smooth,

swollen at the nodes. Leaves coriaceous; verticillate, 3 to 5 in a whorl;

obovate or spathulate; rounded at the apex, or sometimes slightly

obcordate; cuneate at base; bright green and shining above, whitish

beneath, when dry both surfaces brown; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in.

long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above; main nerves

raised above, 20 to 30 pairs, the lower ones horizontal, the_ upper

gradually more and more curving upwards to meet in an intramarginal

nerve close to the edge; secondary nerves few, similar; reticulations

indistinct; petiole very short, bordered by the decurrent margin of

the blade. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal. Cymes small, umbellately

arranged in whorls; peduncle 1 to 2 in. long, stout, usually 1 only, some-

times 2 to 3; whorls of flowers 2 to 3, about ‘5 in. or less apart; pedi-

cels slender, -25 to ‘5 in. long; bracts and bracteoles small, ovate-acute,

caducous ; flowers a “ frosty”’ or ‘‘ waxy”’ white; buds clavate. Calyx-

tube -05 in. long; lobes as long, orbicular, margins ciliate. Corolla-

tube slender below, dilated above, ‘25 in. long, pubescent within, annu-

late at the throat; lobes oblong, twisted, ‘2 in. long, white villous

within at the base. Anthers lanceolate, small; filaments very short ;

_ pollen-grains spherical with opposite round prominences. Dzsk none

or very short. Ovary glabrous; carpels separate below, joined above;

style slender, 15 in. long; stigma cylindric, bifid. Frwt of two

follicles, 5 to 7, occasionally to 9, in. long, 1 to ‘15 in. broad, erect,

terete, sometimes minutely pubescent. Seeds oblong, peltate, flattened,

‘25 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, ciliate and margined all round, nearly smooth

on the faces, furnished at each end with tufts of slender tawny

hairs up to °75 in. long; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong, about

‘1 in. long; radicle as long as cotyledons, slender. A. DC. Prodr.

438 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

VIII. 410; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 437; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 642;

Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 121. A. cwneata, Wall. Cat. 1645

PERAK: in low marshy places and on river banks, Scortechini 1716 ;

Wray 170 bis ; King’s Collector 400, 4009, 6852, 7464, 7780. Manacca:

Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1068; Derry 1064; Cantley 1937.—DistTRIB.

Java, Borneo (Haviland, 1689, 3044).

Wallich’s No. 1645 bears on the label, ‘‘e Sirmur,’’ which is clearly a wrong

habitat as mentioned by Hooker.

3. ALSTONIA ANGUSTILOBA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 438 (1856).

A large tree reaching 60 to 100 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in

diameter; branches spreading, verticillate; branchlets dark brown, as

thick as a goose-quill, terete. Leaves coriaceous, verticillate, 4 to 7

in a whorl, oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely acute at apex,

attenuate at base; shining light green above, glaucous grey beneath ;

margins recurved ; 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib promi-

nent; main nerves very many, 30 to 40, the lower ones parallel, at right

angles to the midrib, the upper curved upwards, all meeting in the

slightly thickened nerve-like margin, raised above; secondary nerves

few, similar; reticulations very indistinct; petiole ‘5 to °75 in. long,

channelled above, bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade.

Inflorescence terminal, grey-pubescent, umbellate ; peduncles stout, 1 to

5 together (usually 1 only), followed by a whorl of about 4 to 6

secondary branches, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, bearing capitate clusters of many

flowers on very short pedicels, and in addition 3 to 5 longer branches

surmounted by similar capitate clusters or again whorled; bracts and

bracteoles very small, ovate-acute, caducous; flowers dark red without,

pale yellow within (K.C. No. 5270); buds narrow, linear, clavate,

glabrous. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate-acute, grey-pubescent, ciliate,

together ‘06 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindrical, slightly dilated above,

annulate at the mouth, glabrous without, pubescent within, -25 in. ~

long; lobes narrow, linear-oblong, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, with a small tuft of

villous hairs at the base within. Disk none. Anthers lanceolate-acute;

pollen-grains spherical, with 2 small spherical prominences opposite

each other on different sides. Ovary glabrous; carpels distinct; style

slender; stigma cylindrical, bifid at apex. rut of two grey-pubescent

follicles, 6 to 8 in. long and barely :1 in. in diameter, erect, terete. Seeds

flat, rectangular-oblong, -2 in. long, -05 in. broad, bordered, not papillose,

furnished at each end with a tuft of long tawny hairs up to °d in.

long; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong, narrow; radicle as long as

cotyledons. Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 120. .

PENANG: Curtis 3087. Prrax: Wray 4058; King’s Collector 5263,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 439

5270. Manacca: Griffith. Srvcapore: Cantley 166; Ridley 8095

(var. glabra, Koord. & Val.).—Distriz. Java (Koorders 18, 14230),

Borneo (Haviland 1732). Wray gives the vernacular name “ Jelutong,”

Curtis “‘ Getah Paule,” Cantley “ Gutta Pulez.”

A leaf-specimen collected by G. King ‘‘ halfway up Penang hill,” in August, 1879,

and another from Malacca, collected by Hervey in 1885, have ‘‘ Leaves in whorls of

4 to 6, oblong-lanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, attenuate at base;

green above, glaucous grey beneath; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad; main nerves

very many, nearly 40, very regular and parallel; petiole rather slender, -25 to -6 in.

long.” They agree well with Teysmann’s No. 994 from Loeboe Aloeng, Sumatra,

Alstonia calophylla, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 439.

4. Austonia Curtisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A dwarf compact

shrub; branchlets slender, grey, ringed by the ridges marking fallen

leaves. Leaves membranous when dry, in whorls of 3 to 4; oblan-

ceolate, sharply acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; dull on both

surfaces, pale beneath; margins recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in.

broad; midrib slender; main nerves parallel, starting at about 70° to

the midrib and curved upwards to the margin, 24 to 27 pairs, indis-

tinct ; secondary nerves similar, between the main nerves; reticulations

very indistinct; petiole none or very short, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade, with 2 to 3 small subulate glands on the upper

surface at the base. Cymes pseudo-terminal, 1 to 2, few-flowered ;

peduncles short, ‘1 to ‘2 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘75 in. long; flowers

white; buds long clavate with a swelling in the middle. Calyzx-tube

short; lobes as long as tube, ‘05 in., ovate-acuminate, hyaline at the

margins, glabrous. Corolla-tube very slender, 1 in. long, dilated a little

above the middle, glabrous without, slightly pubescent within below the

stamens; lobes oblong-falcate, overlapping to the left in bud, ‘6 in.

long, spreading, glabrous. Stamens inserted within the dilatation ;

anthers lanceolate, :15 in. long; filaments short; pollen globose. Dusk

of two subulate scales on broad bases alternate with the carpels. Ovary

glabrous; style very slender; stigma cylindric, elongated (‘05 in.), bifid

at apex; ovules very many. J rwit of two glabrous follicles, 3 to 3:5 in.

- long, -1 to -15 in. broad, acuminate at apex. Seeds oblong, peltate on a

tough placenta, -25 in. long, -1 in. broad; margins scabrous, dentate,

especially at the ends; testa covered with brown papille on the outer

and with two ridges on the inner side; coma white, silky, very short at

the sides, up to -15 in. long at the ends; albumen scanty.

Kasoom: limestone islands, Curtis 3242.

5. ALSTONIA MACROPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 1648 (1829). A large tree,

reaching 40 to 60 feet in height and 1 to 2 feet in diameter; branches

stout, fleshy; branchlets more or less quadrangular and channelled on

440 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the sides, marked with prominent leaf-scars. Leaves chartaceous ;

ternately verticillate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate; shortly

and abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base for

nearly half their length; light green above, pale and glabrous or

sparsely brown-pubescent, especially along the nerves beneath; margins

slightly recurved ; 5 to 12 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender ;

main nerves 20 to 24 pairs, parallel, starting at about 65° with the

midrib and curving upward to meet in a very faint looped intramarginal

nerve close to the edge, raised beneath; secondary nerves none; reticu-

lations transverse, indistinct; petiole stout, ‘5 to 1 in. long, when

young slender, base enlarged. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal, sessile ;

peduncles about 6 to 10, slender, 1 to 2 in. long, simple or occasionally

branched, bearing spreading, many-flowered, 2- to 3-chotomous cymes ;

bracts none; bracteoles minute, ovate-acute; pedicels slender; cyme-

branches pedicels and calyx minutely grey-pubescent; flowers yellowish-

white; buds cylindric-clavate. Calyxz-tube short, ‘03 in. long; lobes 5,

ovate-acute, pubescent without, glabrous within except at the tips.

Corolla-tube cylindrical below, slightly dilated above, glabrous without,

sparsely pubescent within below the stamens, mouth contracted, -15 in.

long; lobes oblong, rounded, folded in bud and overlapping to the

right, as long as the tube, ciliate on the edges and villous at the base

within. Stamens inserted at the top of the corolla-tube; anthers lan-

ceolate, apiculate, rounded below; filaments short; pollen spherical.

Disk annular, ‘025 in. deep. Ovary glabrous, ovoid, acute; carpels 2;

ovules very many ; style slender; stigma cylindric, bifid. Frwt of two

pendulous follicles reaching 18 in. in length, about -1 to -2 in. in thick-

ness, terete. Seeds peltate, on narrow, ribbon-like placentas, oblong,

rounded below, slightly bifid and acute above, bordered by tawny hairs

which are short at the sides and long plumose, up to °3 in., at the ends;

testa very thin, papillose; albumen rather thick; cotyledons oblong,

small; radicle as long as cotyledons. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 409;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 643; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 438. A. costata,

Wall. Cat. 1649, not of Br.

Penane: Wallach 1648, 1649; Maingay (K.D.) 1066/2, 1070/2;

Curtis 378; King’s Collector 1637, 1732, 1733.—Distrrs. Borneo,

Philippines, New Guinea.

6. ALSTONIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 1650 (1829). A tall tree;

branchlets dark brown, somewhat quadrangular and channelled, stout.

Leaves nearly coriaceous, ternately whorled or opposite; obovate or ob-

lanceolate, obtusely abruptly acuminate at apex, long cuneately attenuate

at base for about half their length; glabrous and green above, pale

and glabrous or when young pubescent beneath; margins slightly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 441

recurved, 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad; midrib slender, channelled

above; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, at an angle of from 60° to 70° to the

midrib, curving upwards to meet in a very faint intramarginal looped

nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations many, transverse; petiole

‘S to lin. long. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal, sessile, grey-pubescent ;

peduncles 2 to 6, variable in length, usually from 1 to 2 in. long, ending

in branched 2- to 3-chotomous corymbose spreading cymes; bracts

none; bracteoles minute, triangular; pedicels slender, short but variable;

flowers small, grey-pubescent, white (?), buds shortly clavate. Calyzx-

tube urceolate, glabrous within, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; lobes ovate, reflexed,

pubescent on both surfaces, ‘005 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindric, —

slightly dilated a little above the middle, pubescent on both surfaces,

‘125 in. long; lobes spreading, ‘075 in. long, rounded, nearly glabrous

within when open, except for the tuft of hairs above the base. Stamens

inserted a little above the middle of the tube; anthers ovate, apiculate,

‘035 in. long; filaments very short. Disk annulate, wavy at margin,

very short. Ovary glabrous, ovoid-acute; style slender; stigma coni-

cal, penicillate below, bifid above. Frwt of two erect (?) follicles,

reaching 18 in. in length and -15 in. in diameter, stiff, ribbed when dry.

Seeds peltate, on narrow, ribbon-like, tough placentas, oblong, rounded

below, long acuminate above, ‘4 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, bordered by

tawny hairs which are short and reflexed at the sides and plumose at

the ends, reaching ‘3 in. in length; testa thin, minutely papillose on the

inner, villous on the outer surface; albumen flattened; cotyledons

oblong, as long as the straight radicle. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 409;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 643.

PENANG: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.), 1066, 1067, 1070. Matacca:

Derry 1080. JouorE: Ridley 10942. Sincapore: Wallich 1650;

Kurz; T. Anderson 140; Ridley 2716, 5571.

Var. elliptica, King & Gamble. Leaves opposite or in whorls of

three, elliptic, acute at apex and at base, glabrous except on the lower

surface when quite young; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;

main nerves regular, raised beneath; petiole 75 to 1 in. long with a

callus on the inner surface near the base; branchlets rough, dark brown.

Penance: Curtis. Scarcely a variety, but the shape of the leaves is

very distinct.

Var. latifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves larger, obovate, 5 to 7 in.

long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers rather larger; calyx-lobes

shallower. A small tree with spreading branches, reaching 15 to 20 feet

in height and 3 to 4 in. in diameter.

Penang: Maingay (K.D.) 1070/1, 1070/2; Curtes 2491; Fox 80;

Ridley 9306 ; Stoliczka ; King’s Collector 1341.

449 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

This species comes very near to 4. villosa, Blume, of the Malay Archipelago, but

we hesitate to join them, as there are important characters of difference, e.g., the

very villous inside of the corolla-tube in A. villosa.

Species IMPERFECTLY KNown.

7. ALSTONIA GRANDIFOLIA, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 555 (1862). A

lofty tree; the branchlets very stout, sharply angled, transversely rugose.

Leaves chartaceous, in whorls of 4 to 6, those of each whorl usually

more or less unequal; elliptic-oblong or obovate, acute at apex, gradually

narrowed from the middle downwards at the base; brown and glabrous

and somewhat shining on the upper, glaucous on the lower, surface ;

margin undulate; 7 to 13-5 in. long, 2°5 to 5 in. broad; midrib very

stout, flat on the upper, much raised on the lower, surface; main nerves

20 to 30 pairs, very regular, parallel, at an angle of from 60° to 70° with

the midrib, straight to the margin to meet a nerve which forms the

margin itself, all raised beneath; secondary nerves very few, chiefly

near the apex; reticulations transverse, forming an elegant network on

the lower surface; petiole 1 to 1:25 in. long, stout. SF ollicles elongate,

woody (Migq.). Rest unknown.

SincaporE: 7. Anderson 119.—Distrip. Sumatra (Teysmann).

A. eximia, Miq., l. c., seems to differ only in the main nerves being more nearly at

right angles (80°) with the midrib. It also comes from Sumatvra.

8. ALSTONIA PANGKORENSIS, King & Gamble, n.sp._ A large tree (?);

branches very stout, smooth, somewhat fleshy, grey. Leaves mem-

branous; obovate or oblanceolate, abruptly and shortly and bluntly

acuminate at apex, cuneate at the base for the lower two-thirds;

glabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath, especially on the nerves ;

margins recurved; 12 to 14 in. long, 4 in. broad; midrib very stout,

impressed above, strongly raised beneath; main nerves about 18 pairs,

stout, parallel, raised beneath, usually about ‘75 in. apart along the

midrib, starting at an angle of about 75° and gently curving upwards to

the margin; secondary nerves few; reticulations bold, fairly prominent

on the lower surface; petiole stout, about ‘75 in. long. Follicles very

slender, 10 to 12 in. long, glabrous, striate, the margins reflexed after

the fall of the seeds. Rest unknown.

Diypines: Pangkor Island, Scortechini 1024.

12. Dyrra, Hook. f.

Glabrous trees with verticillate branches and thick angular chan-

nelled branchlets, laticiferous. Leaves in whorls, large, coriaceous,

oblong or obovate, with prominent main nerves and long petioles;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 443

stipular ridges between the petioles. Inflorescence of pseudo-terminal

and axillary umbellately branched cymes; flowers small. Calyx 5-lobed,

very small, eglandular; tube very short, adnate to the base of the

ovary. Corolla hypocrateriform, 5-lobed; tube short, hardly dilated

opposite the stamens; the throat naked; lobes 5, folded in bud and

overlapping to the left. Stamens 5, in the middle of the tube, included ;

filaments very short; anthers oblong-ovoid; cells small; the connective

produced in a thickened terminal fleshy appendage. Disk annular,

obscure. Ovary 2-celled, short, entire, conic, obtuse at the top, which

is pubescent; style none or minute; stigma obpyriform, minutely bifid

at apex; ovules many in each cell on intruded placente. Fruit of two

cylindric follicular mericarps of very large size, connate at the base, at

first divergent, afterwards curling back and opening flat. Seeds elliptic,

large, flat, peltate, surrounded by a broad membranous striate wing,

longer at the ends than in the middle; testa very thin, glandular-

papillose; albumen flat, rather scanty; cotyledons elliptic, very thin ;

radicle small, superior—Duistris. Three species, of the Malay Penin-

sula and Archipelago.

Leaves usually under 6 in. long, main nerves starting nearly

at right angles to midrib; corolla-tube nearly as long as lobes;

cymes with rather short peduncles ye . L. D. costulata.

Leaves under 8 in. long, main nerves starting at anon 60° with

the midrib; corolla-tube very much shorter than lobes; cymes

with long peduncles oc ar sc .. 2. Dz laxiflora.

1. DyERA costunATA, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XIX. 293

(1882). A very large tree, reaching 100 to 150 feet in height and 3 to

4 feet in diam.; branches verticillate with reddish thick bark; branchlets

thick, angular and channelled, at any rate when dry. Leaves coriaceous,

in whorls of 6 to 8; broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, rounded and some-

times very shortly and abruptly acute at apex, rounded at base or some-

times attenuate; upper surface bright green shining, lower pale bluish-

green glaucous, especially when young; margins somewhat undulate,

slightly recurved ; 3 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, very

prominent beneath, impressed and keeled above; main nerves 16 to 20

pairs, at first nearly at right angles to the midrib, then curving upwards

to join in a looped nerve at the margin, raised on both surfaces when

dry, as are the prominent reticulations; petiole 1 to 1:25 in. long, ribbed,

furnished with a rounded cone-like gland on the upper surface at the

base, the glands of the uppermost whorl of leaves conniving in a cone

over the bud. Cymes pseudo-terminal, or from the penultimate leaf-

whorl; peduncles of varying length, 1 to 3 in. long, rather slender

branches umbellately whorled; secondary peduncles -25 to ‘5 in. long;

tit ' Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pedicels slender, short ; bracteoles triangular, minute ; flowers yellowish ;

buds linear-oblong. Calyzx-tube adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes

ovate rounded, glabrous, ‘6 in. long. Corolla-tube short, ‘1 in. long,

glabrous, except a ring of scanty reflexed hairs within near the base

below the insertion of the filament; narrow raised folds between the

stamens; lobes oblong, cordate at base, folded in bud, rounded at

top, ‘15 in. long. Stamens inserted a little above the base of the

corolla-tube; pollen globose with small pits. Pollcles very large,

on greatly thickened peduncles (‘5 in. in diam.), 9 to 15 in. long,

1 to 1:5 in. broad, after splitting open nearly 3 in. broad, connate

at the base, at first straight, but after dehiscence curved backwards so

as nearly to touch at the points. Seeds peltate, flat, elliptic, surrounded

by a membranous striate wing, broader at the ends than in the middle,

2:5 in. long, 1 in. broad, the seed part 1:25 by -75 in.; testa thin,

granular-papillose ; albumen thin; cotyledons ovate, ‘7 by ‘4 in., very

thin and difficult to separate; radicle short. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 644.

Alstoma ? costulata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 556.

Prenane: Curtis 3391; Scortechim 1973; King’s Collector 4689,

8181, 8784. Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1097; Derry 554.

PawanG: in Tahan Woods, Azdley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. ITI.

320. SincaporE: fizvdley 4922. — Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann,

Diepenhorst 1114).

This is the chief plant that gives the ‘‘ Gutta Jelutong,” which seems, however, to

be used only as an adulterant of the true Guttas given by species of Palaquiwm and

Payena. Beccari, in ‘ Nelle foreste di Borneo,’ 561, says that the Gutta of the allied

Bornean species Dyera Lowii, Hook. f., is absolutely wanting in elasticity, and quickly

resinifies and becomes pulverulent.

2. DymRA LAxirtoRA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 644 (1882). <A very

large tree, reaching 100 to 150 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in diam. ;

branches verticillate; branchlets angular, furrowed, rugose, very thick,

dark brown. Leaves chartaceous, in whorls of 4 to 7; elliptic-obovate or

obovate, rounded or shortly acute at apex, rounded at base or especially

when young cuneate-attenuate; upper surface bright green glossy,

lower glaucous; margins slightly recurved; 6 to 8 in. long, 2 to

3:5 in. broad; midrib prominent, depressed and keeled above, much

raised beneath; main nerves 13 to 17 pairs, starting at an angle of

about 60° with the midrib, and only very slightly curving upwards to

meet in a looped nerve at the margin, slightly impressed above, raised

beneath; reticulations many, prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1 to

2 in. long, channelled, furnished at the base with a prominent gland,

which, especially those of the uppermost whorl, is recurved, hooked,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 445

and forms a cone over the bud. Cymes from the penultimate whorl of

the branchlets; peduncles 2 to 4 in. long, slender; branches umbellately

whorled; secondary peduncles slender, °75 to 1 in. long; pedicels very

slender, about -2 to *3 in. long; bracts leafy, orbicular, petioled,

caducous ; bracteoles very small, triangular; flowers white; buds

linear-oblong. Calyx-tube adnate to the lower part of the ovary; lobes

orbicular, rounded or sometimes emarginate, glabrous, ‘05 in. long.

Corolla salver-shaped; tube urceolate, ribbed without, :075 in. long,

glabrous, except a ring of reflexed hairs below the insertion of the

filaments ; lobes oblong, rather narrow in bud, broad in flower, reaching

‘2 in. in length and ‘1 in. in breadth. Ovary pubescent on top; stigma

sessile, bilobed. /#ruct not known.

Perak: Wray 541; King’s Collector 7852 (or 4?). SINGAPORE:

Murton ; Burbidge ; Cantley 226; Ridley ; Hullett 343. Vern. name,

‘“« Kayu (wood) Jelutong”’ (Wray).

13. HoLARRHENA, Br.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually membranous, glabrous or

pubescent, penninerved. Flowers white, in terminal or axillary or sub-

axillary corymbose cymes. Calyx 5-fid or 5-partite; lobes narrow,

usually glandular at the base on one or both sides. Corolla hypo-

crateriform ; tube slender, cylindric, slightly dilated opposite the

stamens; the throat contracted, naked; lobes 5, oblong, overlapping to

the right. Stamens included in the tube near the base; anthers

lanceolate mucronate; cells rounded at the base; filaments short,

slender. Disk none. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels; style shortly fili-

form; stigma below the anthers oblong-fusiform, tip entire or bifid;

ovules many in each carpel. Frwt of 2 elongate, terete, follicular

mericarps. Seeds oblong or linear, concave inside, the funicle in the

concavity; tipped with a deciduous coma of slender hairs; albumen

scanty; cotyledons broad, complicate; radicle short.—DistRis. Species

8; 5 in tropical Africa, 3 in India and Malaya.

Leaves over 4 in. long and 2 in. broad, membranous, main

nerves irregular; follicles 10 to 15 in. long; cymes broad 1. H. antidysenterica.

Leaves under 4 in. long and 2 in. broad, chartaceous, main

nerves regular; follicles 6 in. long; cymes narrow eee eile OIUrttsie.

1. HoLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Wall. Cat. 1672 (1828). A small

tree, glabrous or pubescent; the branchlets slender, lenticellate. Leaves

membranous, variable; ovate or ovate-oblong to elliptic, obtusely

acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate or cuneate often unequally

at base; glabrous above, glabrous or more or less pubescent beneath ;

446 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender in the glabrous-leaved,

broad in the pubescent-leaved forms; main nerves 10 to 14 pairs,

irregular, at about 50° with the midrib, curved upwards to and along

the margin where they anastomose; secondary nerves few or none;

reticulations irregular, not prominent; petiole ‘1 to 2 in. long, some-

times none. Cymes many-flowered, dichotomous, 3 to 6 in. in diameter,

sessile or shortly peduncled ; pedicels slender, -25 to -5 in. long; bracts

small, lanceolate, pubescent or glabrous, ciliate; buds clavate; flowers

white. Calyz-lobes linear-lanceolate, -1 to -2 in. long, ciliate, glandular

at base or not; tube scarcely any. Corolla-tube slender, °3 to -4 in.

long, puberulous, slightly inflated at base; mouth contracted; lobes

oblong, acute or rounded at top, infolded in bud, ciliate, -4 in. long.

Anthers mucronate. Ovary glabrous; style short; stigma fusiform.

Follicles 10 to 15 in. long, -2 in. broad, terete, black, often dotted

with white spots, diverging below, then incurved. Seeds linear-oblong,

channelled on the inner, rounded on the outer, face, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long,

flattened at the hilum; coma golden-brown, ‘75 to 1 in. long; cotyledons

cordate at base, 4 in. long; radicle:1in. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 413;

Brandis For. Fl. 326, t. 40; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLX. tab. xx. 6; Kurz

For. Fl. II. 182; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 644; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II.

133; Prain Beng. Pl. 674. H. Codaga, G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 78;

A. DC. le. 414; Kurz lc. 181; Wight Ic. 1297. H. malaccensis,

Wight Ic. 1298; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 441. H. pubescens, Wall. Cat.

1673; A. DC. l.c. 413; Mig. l.c. 440. Hchites antidysenterica, Roxb.

Chonemorpha (?) antidysenterica, G. Don l.c.; Wight Ic. 439. ‘ Codaga-

Pala,” Rheede Hort. Mal. I. t. 47.

Mauacca: Capt. Wight cf. Wight Ic. 1298.—Distris. India and

Burma.

There are available in the Herbaria of Kew and Calcutta sheets of only one

specimen, which is that collected by Capt. Wight, and which was figured in the

‘Icones’ as H. malaccensis. It is a specimen of the glabrous form of the tree, as was

to be expected, that being the more usual form in the damp regions of India, as is the

pubescent one in the dry regions.

2. HoLARBHENA Curtisu, King & Gamble, n.sp. A shrub, reaching

8 feet in height; branchlets slender, dark brown, smooth ; innovations

pubescent. Leaves chartaceous; oblong or oblong-lanceolate or ob-

ovate, acute or rounded at apex, attenuate and rounded at base; shining

above, pale beneath and minutely pubescent; the margins recurved ;

1:5 to 3:5 in. long, °75 to 1 in. broad; midrib thick, prominent beneath;

main nerves 12 to 14 pairs, regular, at about 45° with the midrib,

curving upwards to and along the margin, raised beneath; secondary

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 447

nerves occasional; reticulations minute; petiole -1 to 15 in. long,

bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes axillary,

corymbose, pubescent, 1°5 to 2°5 in. in diameter, on peduncles ‘5 to

‘75 in. long; bracts linear-oblong or spathulate; bracteoles linear,

‘15 in. long, on the pedicels below the flower; pedicels slender; flowers

white; buds clavate. Calyx-lobes linear-oblong, -25 in. long, rounded

or acute at top, ciliate, pubescent, with 2 glands at the base within;

tube almost none. Corolla-tube slender, slightly inflated near the

base opposite the stamens, contracted at the mouth, °4 in. long, ciliate

on the edges, pubescent on both surfaces; lobes oblong, rounded at top,

narrowed at the base, the margins infolded in bud, pubescent on both

sides. Anthers ‘05 in. long, mucronate. Ovary of 2 distinct glabrous

carpels; style very short; stigma fusiform, bifid, below the anthers.

Follicles brown, straight, terete, 6 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, only little

divergent. Seeds oblong, keeled on one side, concave on the other,

‘4 in. long; coma golden-brown, up to 1:5 in. long.

SraMESE States: Trang, at 100 to 200 feet, Kunstler 1402; Curtis

3392.— Distris. N. Siam (Ff. H. Smiles), Cambodia (Godefroy-

Lebeuf 189).

14. Ervaramra, Stapf.

Shrubs or small trees, usually glabrous; branchlets usually dicho-

tomous. Leaves opposite, herbaceous to coriaceous, usually membranous

when dry; axillary stipules usually distinct; axillary glands small,

often numerous. lowers small to middle-sized, sometimes showy, in

terminal, pseudo-terminal or axillary cymes, usually corymbose and

often in pairs; branches dichotomous. Calyx small; lobes 5, free or

connate at the base, glandular or not within. Corolla salver-shaped ;

tube cylindric, slightly dilated at the mouth or rarely lower, opposite

the stamens; lobes overlapping to the left, rarely to the right. Stamens

erect, included; filaments short, usually decurrent in ridges inside the

tube; anthers linear, bilobed at base, acute or mucronate, dehiscing

throughout their length. Disk 0. Ovary of 2 carpels, distinct or

slightly cohering; style long, filiform; stigma clavate, with a slender

bifid apiculus; ovules numerous, pluriseriate. Fruit of two follicular

mericarps, obliquely ovoid to lanceolate or cylindric-lanceolate, often

curved and beaked, sometimes 1- to 3-keeled; dehiscing along the

ventral suture and at length often opening out flat. Seeds few to

many, enveloped in a bright-coloured aril, more or less irregularly

ellipsoid, grooved or hollowed ventrally; testa crustaceous, finely

suleate, the furrows protruded into the copious often waxy albumen ;

cotyledons flat, cordate; radicle cylindric.—Distrre. Species about

448 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

30 to 35 in tropical Asia, Australia, and Polynesia; 1 species in

Madagascar.

Leaves with main nerves curving upwards; stamens near the

top of the corolla-tube :—

Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous; branchlets stout; calyx-

lobes thick, broad, short :—

Cymes glabrous or very slightly pubescent ae -. 1. E. corymbosa.

Cymes hirsute a A -. 2. E. hirta.

Leaves membranous ; branchlets oie - —

Calyx-lobes very small, under ‘1 in. long :—

Calyx-lobes ovate, acute; follicles oblong, keeled, beak

slightly recurved ; seeds 3to6 .. 3. E. coronaria.

Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded ; follicles micted beak sain

recurved ; seeds 1 to 2 : 2: .. 4. E. peduncularis.

Calyx-lobes lanceolate, over ‘1 in. inne —

Calyx-lobes over -3 in. long; follicles 1-5 to 3 in. Wee

narrowly cylindric, not keeled .. 5. E. cylindrocarpa.

Calyx-lobes -15 to ‘2 in. long; follicles 15 to 1:25 in.

long, oblong faleate, 3-keeled .. 6. E. malaccensis.

Calyx-lobes ‘1 to ‘15 in. long; follicles 1 % 15 5 in. ina

ovoid, long-acuminate, not keeled ac 7. E. Curtisit.

Leaves with main nerves at right angles to midrib and sunieht

or very slightly curving; branchlets stout; stamens near the

middle of the corolla-tube .. a: ae .. 8. EH. polyneura.

1. Ervatamia corymposa, King & Gamble. A shrub or small tree,

reaching 30 to 40 feet in height and 8 to 10 in. in diameter; branchlets

stout, smooth, uppermost internodes somewhat flattened. Leaves

chartaceous; elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate

at apex, cuneately narrowed at base; dark green above, pale beneath ;

margins sometimes slightly recurved; those of each pair often very

unequal in size; 6 to 16 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad; midrib stout, raised

beneath; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, leaving the midrib at an angle of

65° to 75° and at first nearly straight, then curving upwards to and along

the margin, usually impressed above and strongly raised beneath ;

reticulations few, inconspicuous; petiole stout, ‘5 to ‘8 in. long, base

enlarged half-stem-clasping ; axillary glands prominent, meeting at the

nodes. Cymes many-flowered, much-branched, usually in pairs in the

axils of the second uppermost pair of leaves, di-tri-chotomous ; peduncles

variable, ‘5 to 2°5 in. long, stout; secondary peduncles similar, 1 to

1:5 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, somewhat clavate; bracts

obsolete; flowers spreading, corymbose, waxy cream-colour; buds

clavate, the top large, globose, often minutely grey-pubescent. Calyz-

tube campanulate, ‘5 in. long, thick; lobes ovate, rounded, ciliate, -1 in.

long; glands, if present, two at the base of the lobes inside. Ceorolla-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 449

tube cylindric, slender, slightly dilated at top, opposite the stamens,

‘75 in. long; lobes oblong-falcate, ‘5 in. long or rather more; pubescent

without, crispate on one edge and auricled on that edge at the base.

Anthers linear-oblong, blunt or mucronate, :125 in. long, the basal lobes

adherent to the connective; filaments short, decurrent in lines inside the

corolla-tube. Ovary of 2 ovoid, glabrous carpels; style filiform ; stigma

clavate, tip entire or bifid. Follecles thick, globular-ovoid, recurved,

very shortly beaked, obtusely keeled, rough outside, 1:5 in. long, 1 in.

in diameter; ventral suture impressed. Seeds very many, oblong-obtuse,

deeply hollowed ventrally, °5 in. long, *2 to ‘25 in. broad and deep;

testa crustaceous, glandular-papillose, with deep ridges within, which

extend into the copious albumen; cotyledons cordate, -15 in. long;

radicle cylindric, -25 in. long. Tabernemontana corymbosa, Roxb. FI.

Ind. II. 25; A. DC. Prody. VIII. 376; Wall. Cat. 1772 and Bot. Reg.

under t. 1273; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 646; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 420.

Penane: Wallich 1572; Philips; Curtis 1763. Provinck WEt-

LESLEY: Fidley 7032. Perak: Wray 4169; King’s Collector 3141,

3522, 5792, 5999, 7163, 7376. Manacca: Griffith. JoHorE: at Jaffaria,

G. King. Sineapore: TZ. Anderson 82, 117; Murton 115; Ridley

4119, 8416, 8431.

Var. Kelsalls, King & Gamble. Leaves thinner than in the type,

oblong-lanceolate; main nerves fewer (10 pairs) and at a more oblique

angle (50°). Cymes nearly sessile, much fewer-flowered.

SeLAneor: at Bukit Htam, Kelsall 1992.

Var. pubescens, King & Gamble. Inflorescence covered with slight

greyish-yellow pubescence.

Perak: King’s Collector 4830. Mauacca: Goodenough 1638.

This is scarcely a variety. In many of the specimens of the species the corolla in

bud is thickly tomentose outside, and thus we have a gradation from the glabrous to

the pubescent form.

2. ERvaTaMIA HIRTA, King & Gamble. A large shrub (?); branch-

lets stout, somewhat flattened, dark brown, lenticellate. Leaves coria-

ceous ; elliptic-ovate or -oblong, long acuminate at apex, acute at base ;

dull on both surfaces, dark olivaceous-brown on the upper, much

paler on the lower; margins recurved; 4 to 12 in. long, 2:5 to 5 in.

broad; midrib rather slender, flattened on the upper, raised on the

lower surface; main nerves 10 to 16 pairs, starting at about 70° with

the midrib and curving upwards to anastomose near the margin,

impressed above, raised beneath ; secondary nerves apparently none;

reticulations obscure; petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, stout. Cymes almost

hirsute, many-flowered, much branched, usually in pairs“in the axils of

450 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the second uppermost pair of leaves, 2- to 3-chotomous; peduncles

flattened, curved, 1:25 to 1°75 in. long; secondary peduncles similar

but rather shorter ; pedicels slender, about ‘5 in. long; bracts and brac-

teoles obsolete ; buds clavate, reaching ‘75 in. long, nearly glabrous, the

top globose. Calyx sometimes 7-lobed, cup-shaped, eglandular, hispid

without, glabrous within; tube ‘15 in. long; lobes ovate-acute, as long

as tube. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘5 in. long, slightly inflated opposite

the stamens near the top, glabrous; lobes oblong-falcate, crispate on

one edge and auricled on that edge near the base, much twisted to the

right, ‘25 in. long (in bud). Amnthers lanceolate, with a hooked mucro

at tip, 075 to ‘1 in. long, the basal lobes adherent to the connective ;

filaments short. Ovary of 2 ovoid glabrous carpels; style filiform ;

stigma clavate, with a slender, usually bifid tip. ollicles ovoid,

faleate, recurved, obscurely keeled and obtusely beaked, 1 to 1:5 in.

long by ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad, smooth outside, ventral suture impressed

before dehiscence. Seeds many, crescent-shaped, deeply hollowed

ventrally, ‘5 in. long, ‘25 in. broad and deep; testa crustaceous, ribbed,

and with deep ridges which extend into the albumen; cotyledons

ovate, ‘05 in. long; radicle slender, ‘1 in. long. Tabernemontana hirta,

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 646.

Mauacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1059; Derry 77.

This species comes near to E. corymbosa var. pubescens, but the hirsute in-

florescence at once distinguishes it.

3. ERVATAMIA CORONARIA, Stapf in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. iv. 127 (1902).

A shrub; branches many, dichotomous, corky, pale brown. Leaves

membranous; lanceolate or oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, long-

acuminate at apex, acuminate at base, the pairs often unequal-sized ;

deep green on the upper, paler on the lower surface; 3 to 6 in. long, -75 to

1:5 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, distant, curving

upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations

indistinct; petiole -3 to 4 in. long, slender, the base half-stem-clasping ;

axillary glands present. Cymes few- (2- to 10-) flowered; peduncles

1:5 in. long; pedicels slender, about -25 in. long; bracteoles minute,

usually 2 to each pedicel, one below the calyx, one lower down; flowers

white, fragrant; buds clavate. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, acute or

rounded, ciliate, biglandular within. Corolla-tube slender, -7 to ‘9 in.

long, scarcely dilated slightly below the middle opposite the stamens,

pubescent within below the stamens; mouth with flattened glands ;

lobes as long as the tube, ovate-oblong, obtuse, one edge slightly crispate.

Anthers lanceolate, ‘05 in. long, minutely hooked at tip; filaments

hairy. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels; style short; stigma cylindric, bifid

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 451

at tip. ollicles spreading at about 90° to 100° apart, oblong, 1 to

2 in. long, with 1 to 3 keels and a recurved acuminate tip, opening out

flat when fully ripe. Seeds 3 to 6, irregularly oblong, angular, -25 in.

long, enclosed in a red pulpy aril; deeply grooved ventrally with a

branching groove; testa crustaceous, sulcate, glandular, the furrows

protruded into the albumen, which is copious; cotyledons ovate-

cordate, ‘1 in. long; radicle cylindric, as long as the cotyledons. Cooke

Fl. Bomb. II, 134. Tabernemontana coronaria, Willd. Enum. Hort.

meron 2fo, Att. cloth. Kew. ed. 2, EL. -725-A.:DC. Prodr.. VIII. 373:

Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 23; Wall. Cat. 1568; Wight Ic. 477; Lodd. Bot.

Cab. t. 406; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1064; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 144 ;

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 421; Brandis For. Fl. 322; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.

CLIX.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 646; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 133 ;

Prain Beng. Plants 673. T. divaricata, Blume Bijdr. 1626; Kurz. For.

Fl. IL. 174. Neriwm divaricatuwm, Linn. Sp. Pl. 306. N. coronariwm,

Jacq. Coll I. 138, t. 52; Bot. Mag. t. 1861. Jasminum zeylanicum,

Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 39.

Kasoom: Curtis 3243. Penang: back of West Hill at 2000 feet,

Curtis 3460. PERAK: King’s Collector 5153. Mauacca: at Bukit Burang,

Goodenough 1423. StneaporE: Wallich 1568.—Distrin. Apparently

wild in N. India. The shrub is commonly cultivated in gardens

throughout India and Malaya.

4, ERVATAMIA PEDUNCULARIS, King & Gamble. A small shrub

(small tree, King’s Collector); branchlets slender, dichotomous, curved.

Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

obtusely long caudate-acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous, pale

beneath; 4 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main

nerves 12 to 20 pairs, parallel, starting at an angle of about 60° with

the midrib and curving upwards to join in an intramarginal looped

nerve; secondary nerves none; reticulations transverse, faint; petiole

‘25 to -4 in. long, slender at first, afterwards thickening, the base

enlarged, half-stem-clasping with a stipular scale within. Cymes glabrous,

usually in pairs, axillary, on 2 to 5 in. long slender peduncles; branches

widely divaricate; secondary peduncles ‘75 to 1 in. long; pedicels

capillary, °2 to -3 in. long; bracteoles minute; flowers white; buds

slender, clavate. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, rounded, glandular

within on the middle, -025 in. long. Corolla-tube very slender, straight

or slightly curved, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, inflated at the top opposite the

stamens; mouth naked, slightly pubescent within below the stamens.

Anthers lanceolate, slightly mucronate. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels;

carpels elongate; style very slender; stigma clavate, bifid at apex just

beneath the anthers. Jollicles stipitate, twisted, oblong or rhomboid,

452 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

beaked; the beak recurved, ‘4 to ‘6 in. long, -4 in. broad, 1- to 2-seeded.

Seeds bluntly angled, enclosed in a thin red fleshy aril; testa crustaceous,

sulcate, the furrows pressing inwards, rough, glandular; albumen copious;

cotyledons cordate, ‘15 in. long; radicle cylindric. Tabernemontana

peduncularis, Wall. Cat. 1575 and im Bot. Reg. under t. 1273 ;A. DC.

Prodr. VIII.376; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 421; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 647.

Kepau: at Langkawi Island, Curtis 2536. Pmnane: Porter (Wallich

1575); Maingay (K.D.) 1060/2; Curtis 790. Perak: Curtis; Wray

1892, 1962, 1975; Scortechin 83, 226, 724; Radley 9750; King’s

Collector 846, 1858. SmLanacor: Ardley 8555. Manacca: Derry 1014.

5. ERVATAMIA CYLINDROCARPA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A shrub

reaching 4 to 6 feet in height; branchlets slender, dichotomous, pale

brown, smooth. Leaves membranous; lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or

elliptic-lanceolate, sharply or sometimes bluntly caudate-acuminate at

apex, the acumen curved sideways, attenuate at base; light green

above when young, darker when old, paler beneath; 4 to 7 in. long,

1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, starting

at an angle of about 60° to 70° with the midrib, and at once curving

upwards to anastomose a little short of the margin; secondary nerves

few ; reticulations inconspicuous ; petiole -25 in. long, slender. Cymes

axillary or terminal, single or in pairs, divaricately branched; pe-

duncles slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long; secondary peduncles as long, dicho-

tomously branched; pedicels slender, ‘25 to ‘d in. long; bracteoles

minute, very caducous; flowers few in each cyme, waxy white with a

yellow centre; buds rather stoutly clavate, acute at tip. Calyx-tube

very short; lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, unequal, ‘3 to °4 in.

long, acute, with large glands inside near the base, midrib prominent.

Corolla-tube funnel-shaped in bud, cylindric in flower ; dilated above

opposite the stamens, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces; lobes

oblong, spreading, rather broad, ‘5 in. long, rounded at top. Anthers

linear-acute, ‘1 in. long; pollen-grains globose, with projecting bosses.

Ovary of 2 carpels, rounded at top; style slender; stigma clavate,

with a bifid point. ollicles widely divaricate, from 110° to nearly in

the same line, cylindric, acute both at base and tip, scarcely recurved,

1:5 to 3 in. long, not keeled. Seeds up to 10, ovoid, °3 in. long, suleate

ventrally, enclosed in a fleshy aril; testa crustaceous, glandular, ribbed,

the ribs extending into the copious albumen; cotyledons cordate;

radicle cylindric.

Perak: Wray 158, 1857, 2806, 3117, 4027; Scortechima 144, 438,

920, 964; King’s Collector 1060, 2081, 3006, 10061, 10264. Dziypines:

Fiidley, 7935, 8360, 8631, 10291.

6. ERVATAMIA MALACCENSIS, King & Gamble. A slender glabrous

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 453

shrub, reaching 6 to 8 ft. in height; branchlets slender, dichotomous,

smooth. Leaves membranous; lanceolate to elliptic-obovate, obtusely

caudate-acuminate at apex, the acumen often twisted sideways, attenu-

ate at base; yellowish-green when fresh, pale brown when dry; 1°5 to 4

in. long, ‘5 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath; main

nerves very slender, 6 to 9 pairs, starting at an angle of from 50° to 60°

with the midrib, and curving upwards to join in an inconspicuous intra-

marginal looped nerve; secondary nerves very few; reticulations few,

faint ; petiole ‘5 to -25 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins of the

blade, half-stem-clasping at base with a stipular ridge at the node and

a ligule-like gland within. Cymes axillary, sessile or shortly peduncled,

few- (1- to 6-) flowered; pedicels slender, curved, ‘25 to ‘75 in. long;

bracteoles minute, caducous; flowers white with a yellow centre, or

pale yellow; buds very slender, clavate, rounded at top. Calyx-tube

short; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, glandular within, unequal, 15 to

‘2 in. long, with a strong midrib nerve. Corolla-tube very slender,

dilated at top opposite the stamens and there twisted, ‘5 to -7 in. long,

glabrous except for a slight pubescence within below the anthers;

lobes narrow, oblong, folded in bud, crisped on the margins, -4 to ‘5 in.

long, ‘1 in. broad. Anthers slender, -15 in. long; filaments short,

ciliate, decurrent in lines in the corolla-tube. Ovary short, rounded ;

style long, filiform ; stigma clavate, apiculate. Follicles yellow, oblong-

faleate, beak acute, base sessile; 3-keeled, the keels prominent; -75 to

1:25 in. long, -4 to ‘5 in. thick, 6- or more-seeded. Seeds ovoid or

rhomboid, -3 to ‘4 in. long, surrounded by a reddish aril; testa

crustaceous, grooved ventrally with a branching groove, furrowed

longitudinally, the furrows intruded into the albumen; albumen copious;

cotyledons cordate, rounded, -25 in. long; radicle stout, cylindric. Ta-

bernemontana malaccensts, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 649.

Perak: Scortechint 2024; King’s Collector 1061, 4391. Manacca:

Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1061, 1062; Derry 87; Hervey. SELANGOR:

Curtis 2353. SrincaporE: Hullett 521 (this specimen has very small

leaves and rather larger more recurved follicles).

7. Ervaramia Curtis, King & Gamble, n.sp. Ashrub; branchlets

slender, dichotomous, pale brown, striate when dry. Leaves mem-

branous; lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate at apex,

attenuate at base; glabrous, green above, pale beneath ; margins slightly

recurved; 8 to 6 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

beneath; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of about 70°

with the midrib and at once curving upwards to and along the margin ;

secondary nerves and reticulations very indistinct; petiole -2 to -3 in.

long, winged by the decurrent margins of the blade so as to be

454 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

practically sessile; the base half-stem-clasping and forming a stipular

ridge at the node, with a ligule-like gland within. Cymes axillary,

usually to the second pair of leaves from the top of the branchlet ;

generally in pairs, about 6- to 10-flowered ; peduncles slender, ‘5 to 1 in.

long; pedicels very slender, about ‘5 to ‘6 in. long; buds slender,

clavate, somewhat acute at tip. Calyx-tube almost none; lobes linear-

lanceolate, unequal, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, with a large round gland at the base

within, usually supporting 3 smaller linear ones. Corolla-tube slender,

‘6 to ‘7 in. long, slightly inflated at top opposite the stamens, glabrous —

within and without; lobes narrow, oblong, undulately crispate, -5 in.

long. Anthers linear, acute or slightly mucronate, -08 in. long ; filaments

short, decurrent in lines within the tube. Ovary of two rounded

carpels; style very slender; stigma clavate, bifid at tip. follicles

horizontally divaricate, ovoid, long-acuminately beaked, not keeled or

recurved, bright orange in colour, 1 to 1-5 in. long, about 4 in. broad.

Seeds about 6 to 8, obtusely angular, 25 to -35 in. in diameter, deeply

hollowed ventrally, enveloped in a crimson aril; testa brown, glandular,

furrowed, the furrows deeply indented in the copious waxy albumen ;

cotyledons cordate, *1 in. in diameter ; radicle cylindric, ‘15 in. long.

Penane: at the Waterfall. Curtvs 1775. PEraxk: at Kuala Wok,

Wray 852; Scortechint 63.

We have been somewhat in doubt whether Wray’s and Scortechini’s fruiting

specimens really belong to the same plant as Curtis’s excellent flowering ones, but

after long consideration believe we are right in considering that they do.

8. ERVATAMIA POLYNEURA, King & Gamble. A slender glabrous

shrub, reaching 20 feet in height; branchlets thick, very milky,

dark brown, very prominently marked by the broad sears of fallen

leaves. Leaves very coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-ovate or elliptic-

oblong, obtuse or bluntly acute at apex, somewhat rounded at base;

yellowish-brown when dry, upper surface green when fresh, wrinkled

when dry, lower pale, dotted; margins recurved, slightly so in flower,

strongly in fruit; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; one of each pair

usually smaller than the other; midrib very stout, prominently raised

on the lower, depressed and keeled on the upper, surface; main nerves

20 to 35 pairs, parallel, starting at right angles to the midrib and only

very slightly curving to meet in a looped intramarginal nerve, all very

indistinct, as are the reticulations; petiole stout, -4 to ‘8 in. long,

‘bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade, bases enlarged, fur-

nished with axillary glands, and those of each pair joined by a stipular

ridge. Cymes axillary, usually in pairs in the axils of the uppermost

pair of leaves but one, dichotomons, 12- to 16-flowered, corymbose ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 455

peduncles very stout, 15 to 2:5 in. long; pedicels thick, curved, about

‘3 to ‘6 in. long; in fruit the non-fruiting pedicels caducous, leaving

broad prominent oblong scars; bracts small, entire, rounded; flowers

scented; buds clavate, with large obtuse heads, -3 in. in diameter.

Calyx-tube short, thick; lobes ovate, obtuse, :1 to ‘15 in. long, with

many small subulate glands in a row at the base within. Corolla-tube

cylindric, ‘5 in. long, slightly dilated at two-fifths of the way up,

funnel-shaped at the mouth, glabrous on both sides; lobes overlapping

to the left, folded in bud, oblong, obtuse, up to lin. long. Stamens

inserted at the dilatation; anthers linear, mucronate, ‘15 in. long;

pollen-grains globose with small protruded round knobs. Ovary of two

separate conical carpels; style short; stigma clavate, the apiculus

bifid. Follicles orange, 1 to 1:5 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, falcate, dorsal

edge straight, ventral edge much rounded, keels 3; beak long, usually

hooked. Seeds about 4 to 6, ovoid or rhomboid, enveloped in a scarlet

aril, deeply sulcate ventrally; testa crustaceous, ‘glandular, ridged

within; albumen copious. TZabernemontana polyneura, Scortechini

MS. in Herb. Cale.

PERAK: at Bujoy Malacca, Scortechint 1867. Matacca: Miller 9.

A very distinct plant, quite different in texture and appearance to any other

herein described, but coming near to Tabernemontana dichotoma, Roxb., of S. India

and Ceylon. The description is largely after Scortechini.

Tribe I1].—Ecuiripe2.

Subtribe 1.—PARsoNSIINZE.

15. Parsonsi4, Br.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, white, in ter-

minal or axillary di- tri-chotomous cymes or thyrses. Calyx 5-partite,

eglandular or 5-scaled or minutely many-glandular at the base within.

Corolla tubular; tube short, cylindric or subglobose, naked at the

throat; lobes 5, slightly twisted, overlapping to the right. Stamens

inserted on the tube; filaments often twisted; anthers half-exsert,

oblong-lanceolate or linear, acute, conniving round the stigma and

adhering to it, the cells produced at the base into empty rigid appen-

dages. Disk of 5 lobes or scales. Ovary 2-celled; ovules many in

each cell; style filiform, dilated at the top, truncate; stigma columnar

or elongate-conic. rut cylindric, of two follicular mericarps, long

cohering but at length separating from the two placentas. Seeds linear

or oblong, attenuate and comose at the apex; albumen scanty; cotyle-

dons oblong-linear, flat; radicle superior—Distris. About 12 species,

of Tropical Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

456 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Filaments of the stamens twisted spirally around the style ;

corolla-lobes +2 in. long :—

Leaves more or less oblong, with 6 to 8 pairs of main nerves ;

corolla glabrous without; fruit 4to7in.long .. .. L. P. spiralis.

Leaves more or less ovate, with 10 to 12 pairs of main nerves;

corolla pubescent without ; fruit 2°5 to 3 in. long .. 2. P. Kunstlert.

Filaments of the stamens not twisted spirally around the style :—

Corolla-tube cylindric-urceolate, lobes spreading, ‘075 in.

long; disk deeply lobed; calyx-lobes with no or very small

scales at base within; main nerves of leaves 6 to 8 pairs .. 3. P. Stenocarpa.

Corolla-tube campanulate, lobes erect, :3 in. long; disk

entire or undulate; calyx-lobes with a broad thin scale at

base within; main nerves of leaves 8 to 10 pairs .. 4. P. penangiana.

1. Parsonsia sPiRALIs, Wall. Cat. 1631 (1828). An evergreen

twining glabrous shrub; branchlets terete. Leaves subcoriaceous

when green, membranous when dry ; ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

shortly somewhat abruptly and often obliquely acuminate at apex,

acute or rounded at base; pale when dry, especially on the lower

surface; 3 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3-5 in. broad; midrib rather broad,

slightly raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest pair close

to the base, starting at an angle of about 60° and arching upwards to

anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, also the reticula-

tions ; petiole slender, -5 to 1 in. long, often twisted at base; stipular

glands small, subulate, the bases of each pair connected by a stipular

ridge. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, corymbose, 1:5 to 3 in. in

diameter; peduncles variable in length, 1 to 4 in. long; secondary

peduncles usually 3, ‘5 to 1 in. long; branches usually 3-chotomous ;

ultimate pedicels slender, about -25 in. long; bracts and bracteoles

small, ovate; flowers greenish or yellowish with a red centre; buds

clavate, with short tube and obtusely conical top. Calyx-tube short ;

lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, sparsely pubescent without, :1 in. long,

furnished with an ovate-acute sometimes bifid scale at the base of each

inside. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘125 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces,

villous at the throat; lobes -2 in. long, oblong, acute, erect or spreading.

Disk-lobes triangular. Stamens inserted near the base of the tube; the

filaments spirally twisted together, sparsely pubescent; anther-tails

incurved at the base, anther-tips acuminate, hooked. Ovary ovoid,

glabrous; style slender; stigma columnar with a bifid apex and short

basal auricular ring. rwt linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 4 to 7 in. long,

‘75 in. broad, somewhat compressed, smooth, striate, glabrous. Seeds

‘) to ‘75 in. long, slender, enlarged below, narrowed and cut away on

one side above, and furnished with pale golden-brown coma, ‘75 to

15 in. long; cotyledons narrow, oblong, about ‘25 in. long; radicle

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 457

‘1 in. long, slender. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 402; Kurz For. Fl. II. 180;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 650; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. ITI. 134; Cooke FI.

Bomb. IT. 135. P. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 1632; A. DC. lc. P. pauet-

flora and P. acwminata, Wall. Cat. 1633, 1684. Helygia javanica,

Blume Bijdr. 1043. Heligme javanica, A. DC. 1. c. 425; Mig. FI. Ind.

Bat. II. 429. HA. Kheediz, Wight Ic. t. 13803. Spirostemon spiralis,

Griff. Notul. IV. 80, t. 411, fig. 1. Aganosma concanensis, Hook. Ic.

Pl. t. 841. ‘ Kudici Kod,” Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. t. 9, 10.

Kepau: on Lankawi Island, Curtis; at Coah, Curtis 450, 2109.

Prenane: Wallich 1634; Curtis 1707. Pprax: Wray 2244. Manacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 1064. Stnearore: Wallich 1633; Lobb; Kunstler 69.

—Disrris. India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China.

2. Parsonsia KunstuEri, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climbing

shrub; branchlets terete, pale to dark brown. Leaves membranous ;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or acute at

base; yellowish-green when fresh with reddish nerves beneath, dark

brown and dull when dry, lower surface paler; sometimes slightly

puberulous, especially on the nerves beneath; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to

3 in. broad; midrib slender, raised above and sinuate when dry, raised

beneath; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, the lowest usually close to the

margin, starting at an angle of 60° and curving upwards to and along

the margin, raised on both surfaces when dry; secondary nerves few,

chiefly between the upper main nerves; reticulations obliquely trans-

verse, prominent on the lower surface; petiole slender, twisted, variable

in length from -25 to 1:25 in. long, the base swollen, those of each

pair joined by a nodal ridge with small acute stipular glands. Cymes

axillary, corymbose, many-flowered, 2-chotomous, reaching 7 in. in

length and about 3 in. in diam.; peduncles slender, curved, 3 to 5 in.

long; secondary peduncles usually 3, 1°65 to 2 in. long; cymules about 10-

to 12-flowered; pedicels slender, ‘15 to ‘25 in. long; bracteoles ovate-acute,

puberulous, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; buds clavate, with short tube and conical

head; flowers dark yellow without, reddish within. Calyx-tube short ;

_ lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, pubescent without, -1 in. long, furnished each

with an ovate acute, sometimes emarginate scale at its base within.

Corolla-tube cylindric below, 15 in. long, pubescent without, villous

within at the mouth and between the filaments; lobes oblong, acute,

‘2 in. long, pubescent without, glabrous within. Dzsk-lobes triangular,

blunt; -025 in. long, glabrous. Stamens inserted near the base of the

tube; the filaments twisted, sparsely villous; anther-tails incurved at

the base, anther-tips blunt with a small membranous tip. Ovary ovoid,

glabrous; style slender; stigma columnar with a conical sometimes

bifid tip and basal spreading annular ring. /rwt linear-lanceolate,

458 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate, 2°5 to 3 in. long and -2 to ‘3 in. broad, glabrous, terete,

slightly compressed, the mericarps at length separating. Seeds slender,

‘4 to ‘5 in. long, narrowly linear, constricted above and acuminate

below, tipped with a 1 in. long coma of pale silky hairs; cotyledons

narrow ; radicle slender.

Perak: in low-lying localities, Kwnstler (King’s Collector) 1824, 5650.

3. PARSONSIA sTENOCARPA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A_ slender

twining shrub; branchlets terete, older somewhat channelled; innova-

tions minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves membranous ; ovate-lanceolate

shortly acute at apex, cuneate or sometimes slightly rounded at base ;

both surfaces sparsely but minutely pubescent when young, glabrous

when old; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, slender, at about 50° with the mid-

rib, the lowest pair less, curving upwards to anastomose near the

margin, faint but apparent on the lower surface, as are the reticula-

tions; petiole variable in length, ‘25 to 1 in. long, slender, often twisted

near the base; stipular glands very small. Cymes axillary, few- (8-

to 10-) flowered, umbellate, pubescent; peduncles about 1 in. long;

pedicels slender, :2 in .long in flower, °3 in. long and rather thick in fruit ;

bracteoles minute, subulate; flowers light yellow; buds short, oblong-

conical. Calyx-tube very short; lobes ovate-acuminate, °125 in. long;

scales very small or none. Corolla-tube cylindric-urceolate, -15 in. long,

densely pubescent within in the upper part; lobes ovate-acuminate,

spreading, ‘075 in. long. Dzsk-lobes oblong, emarginate, ‘025 in. long.

Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; filaments slender,

radiating to the centre, but not spirally twisted; anthers hastate

acuminate, the tails spreading outwards. Ovary ovoid-conical; style

slender; stigma columnar with a bifid apiculus at tip and a ring at

base. rut linear, terete, 5 to 7 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, rather quickly

separating into two terete mericarps; placentas flat, very thin. Seeds

‘5 in. long, slender, slightly enlarged below, narrowed above and

furnished with a coma of golden-silky hairs about 1 in. long; cotyledons

oblong, ‘15 in. long; radicle slender, ‘1 in. long.

PERAK: Scortechimt 1292; Wray 3263; King’s Collector 6062—in

dense jungle, at 300 to 500 feet, clinging to trees.

P. curvisepala, K. Schum., of New Guinea, is very near this indeed, and scarcely

seems to differ, except in the greater hairiness, in the corolla-lobes being quite valvate

(Lyonsia?), and in the calyx-lobes being much recurved.

4. PARSONSIA PENANGIANA, King & Gamble, n. sp. . A climbing

shrub; branchlets slender, dark brown, terete, internodes long. Leaves

membranous; ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate or rounded at base ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 459

both surfaces olivaceous brown, the lower the paler; margin slightly

recurved; 5 to 7'5 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

beneath; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair close to the margin,

those succeeding gradually further apart to above the middle, at an

angle of 60° to 70° with the midrib, curving upwards to anastomose

near the margin; secondary nerves none; reticulations transverse,

distant, oblique ; petiole 1 to 1:25 in. long, slender, bordered above by

the decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes in axillary, corymbose,

puberulous panicles ; peduncle slender, 1:5 in. long, flattened; branches

few, also flattened but shorter; bracteoles ovate, acute; pedicels ‘1 to

‘2 in. long, slender; buds ovoid, acute; flowers yellowish-white. Calyzx-

tube short; lobes triangular-ovate, ‘075 in. long, bluntly acuminate,

ciliate, each with a broad short very thin scale nearly equalling the

base within. Corolla-tube campanulate, not at all constricted, ‘3 in.

long; lobes as long as tube, ovate-acute, the tip entire or notched,

pubescent without, glabrous within, except the shaggy-villous ring at

the insertion of the filaments. Stamens half-exsert, inserted a little

below the top of the tube; filaments long, shaggy-villous, curved

inwards to meet and then upwards but scarcely spiral; anthers long,

sagittate, the spurs much incurved, the tip membranous-apiculate.

Disk cylindrical, entire or slightly undulately lobed, 06 in. high, glabrous,

fully enclosing the carpels. Carpels rounded, glabrous, at first connate,

afterwards separating; style slender, conical above; stigma conical, with

a spreading ring below and short often bifid tip. Fruit unknown.

PENANG: at the Waterfall, Curitzs.

Curtis says this is a rare plant. It differs from the other species in the not con-

stricted campanulate corolla-tube, the very broad scale at the base of the calyx within,

and the entire cylindrical disk. When the fruit is known it may perhaps be found to

require a new genus.

16. VALuARIS, Burm.

Climbing or erect shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite, minutely

dotted. Flowers white, in axillary fascicles or in dichotomous pseudo-

axillary cymes. Calyx 5-partite, glandular or not within; lobes narrow.

Corolla hypocrateriform or subrotate; throat naked; tube short; lobes

broad, contorted, overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted at the top

of the tube of the corolla, partly exsert; filaments short; anthers

sagittate, acuminate, conniving in a cone around and adherent to the

stigma; the connective furnished with a large or small dorsal gland;

cells with rigid basal spurs. Disk annular or cupular, with 5 lobes or

scales. Ovary of 2 carpels, which are at first connate; ovules many in

each carpel; style filiform; stigma thick, obscurely annular at base,

often 2-lobed at the tip. Fruit oblong, acuminate, separating into 2

460 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

follicular mericarps. Seeds biseriate, ovate, acuminate or beaked, the

apex furnished with a coma; albumen scanty or copious; cotyledons

thin or fleshy, large; radicle cylindric, superior.—Distris. Tropical

Asia, in India and Malaya; species 5 or 6.

A climbing shrub; flowers in branching cymes; anthers with a

large dorsal gland AO a¢ -. IL. V. Pergulana.

Shrubs or trees; flowers in fadeidles: —

Flowers large; leaves 3 to 4:5 in. long, ‘75 to 2 in. broad ;

anthers with a large dorsal gland .. .. 2 V. Maingayi.

Flowers small; leaves 1 to 2 in. long, °5 to 715i in. broad;

anthers with a small dorsal gland .. os .. 93. V. lancifolia.

1. Vauuaris Percutana, Burm. Fl. Ind. 51 (1768). <A climbing

shrub, with an unpleasant odour; branchlets terete, pale. brown.

Leaves membranous; broadly elliptic or obovate, abruptly and shortly

acute at apex, cuneate at base or sometimes rounded; both surfaces

glabrous, the lower sometimes puberulous especially on the nerves;

4 to 7 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above;

main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, at an angle of from 50° to 60° with the midrib,

straight at first, curving and anastomosing near the margin, the upper

ones meeting a looped nerve; secondary nerves very few; reticulations

transverse, prominent; petiole ‘75 to 1°5 in. long, slender. Cymes lax,

usually supra-axillary, puberulous, reaching 3 in. in length and 4 in. in

breadth; peduncles short, under ‘5 in. long; branches dichotomous ;

pedicels slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long; buds obovate, acute; flowers white.

Calyx-tube very short, pubescent without; lobes lanceolate, acuminate,

‘3 in. long, pubescent; glands very small, alternate with the lobes. Corolla-

tube hypocrateriform ; tube short, cylindric, ‘2 in. long, nearly glabrous ;

limb ‘35 in. long, cleft half-way down in ovate abruptly acuminate lobes,

pubescent on both sides. Dzsk of 5 rounded villous lobes, incurved at

tip. Stamens inserted near the top of the tube within; filaments thick,

partly decurrent; anthers sagittate, short-apiculate, exserted, -2 in.

long, the tails slender incurved, the dorsal surface with a large fleshy

glabrous rounded gland at the forking of the cells. Ovary rounded,

densely white-villous; style slender; stigma conical, with a rounded

tip and bifid apiculus. Frwt not known. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 399;

Wight Ic. t. 429; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 153 (V. Pergularia by error); Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. II. 651. V. ovalts, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 427. Pergularia

glabra, Linn. Mant. 538. Emericia Pergularta, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV.

401. Hchites hircosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 18. ‘Flos Pergulanus,”

Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 51, t. 29, fig. 2.

Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1063, cultivated. Lamina

India (Bengal ?), Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, Siam.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 461

2. Vatuaris Marneayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 651 (1882). A

large tree (Maingay), a tree 40 to 50 feet high (Curtis); branches stout,

with black bark; branchlets closely ringed with transverse cracks.

Leaves coriaceous; elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex,

acuminate at base; upper surface dark greenish-brown, lower pale,

glabrous; 3 to 4:4 in. long, ‘75 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed

above; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, prominent beneath, curving upwards

to and along the margin; secondary nerves and reticulations distinct

beneath; petiole °2 to 4 in. long, black. Flowers fascicled, 4 to 12

together in one of the axils of each pair of leaves, on alternate sides ;

the base of the fascicle forming a short tubercle; pedicels variable in

length, ‘2 to ‘5 in., slender or stout, slightly enlarged under the calyx;

bracts or bracteoles none; buds about ‘5 in. long, tube and conical head

of lobes about equal. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, ‘06 in.

long; glands alternate with the lobes, very small. Corolla-tube urceo-

late, ‘25 in. long, mouth constricted ; lobes broad, ovate-oblong, folded in

bud, °3 in. to -4 in. long, pubescent on the inner surface. Anthers half-

exserted, apiculate, hairy on the ventral surface, a line of hairs near the

tip on the dorsal surface; dorsal gland large. Disk annular, glabrous,

with 5 rounded lobes, ‘05 in. high. Ovary conical, pubescent, of two

combined carpels; style slender; stigma conical, ringed and hairy

below. Frwt not known.

Penane: at Batu Feringy and at Government Hill, 2,000 feet,

Curtis 1767, 2748. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1084. Styeapore:

firdley 4917.

Havyiland’s 3050 from Kalong, Borneo, is clearly a species closely allied to this.

3. VALLARIS LANCIFOLIA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 651 (1882). A

rather stiff epiphytic shrub; branches stout, dark greyish-brown, some-

what angled, studded with many conspicuous corky wart-like lenticels ;

branchlets very slender, pale grey, twiggy. Leaves chartaceous; ovate,

caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces;

1 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves very

oblique; inconspicuous, parallel, 8 to 10 pairs, joined by an intramarginal

slightly looped nerve; reticulations oblique, indistinct; petiole slender,

‘1 to -25 in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, short (about ‘5 in.

long) ; peduncles about °1 to ‘2 in. long, slender; pedicels very slender,

‘25 in. long; bracteoles minute, ovate-acute; flowers white. Calyx-

lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, with 2 rounded fimbriate scales at the base of

each; tube as long as lobes. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric,

‘15 in. long, narrowed upwards, pubescent within; lobes linear-oblong,

‘2 in. long, villous at the throat. Dzsk 5-lobed; lobes erose. Stamens

462 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

inserted near the top of the tube; filaments slender; anthers half-

exsert, sagittate, the tip membranous, the spurs slender, rather short ;

dorsal gland narrow, inconspicuous. Ovary of 2 glabrous ovate carpels;

style slender, with a cup-shaped top; stigma almost globose, with a

short tip. Frwt not seen.

Penance: on Government Hill, 1,900 feet, Fox 33; Curtes 2146.

Perak: at Goping, King’s Collector 4273. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.)

1102.

17. Porrsta, Hook. & Arn.

Climbing shrub. Leaves opposite, with distant nerves. Flowers

small, in lax large terminal and axillary trichotomous paniculate cymes.

Calyx small, 5-partite, with a ring of small glands within at the base of

each lobe. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube cylindric, constricted and

naked at the throat; lobes 5, overlapping to the right, only slightly

twisted, spreading. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube ;

filaments short; anthers exsert, sagittate, connivent in a cone round

the stigma; cells with basal empty spurs. Dzsk annular, deeply 5-lobed.

Ovary of 2 distinct carpels; style thickened in the middle, attenuate at

base and under the ovoid-conical stigma; ovules many in each carpel.

Fruit of two follicular mericarps, which are thin, terete, subtorulose.

Seeds linear, elongate, not beaked, with a deciduous coma; albumen

copious; cotyledons linear, flat; radicle superior.— Distr1p. One

species, Indian and Malayan.

PotTsIA CANTONENSIS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 199, t. 43

(1836). A large climbing shrub; branches terete, cylindric; branchlets

and innovations puberulous. Leaves membranous; ovate or elliptic-

ovate, acuminate (usually abruptly and obtusely) at apex, rounded or

subcordate at base; glabrous above, also beneath except for slight

pubescence along the midrib; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 25 in. broad; midrib

slender, much raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, distant, curved

upwards to and along the margin; reticulations in a fine net-work;

petiole slender, ‘75 to 1 in. long, minutely pubescent, the bases of each

pair joined in a thin ridge at the nodes. Inflorescence 4 to 6 in. long,

6 to 10 in. broad at top; of trichotomous panicles ending in corymbose

drooping cymes; primary peduncles 2 to 4 in. long, slender; secondary

1 to 2 in. long; rest slender, all rusty puberulous or glabrate; pedicels

very slender, ‘5 in. long; basal bracts leafy; bracteoles minute, ovate,

ciliate, caducous; buds slender, clavate; flowers pink. Calyx-tube very

short; lobes ovate, each with 1 to 4 minute scales at the base inside.

Corolla-tube cylindric-campanulate, slightly constricted at mouth, -15

to ‘2 in. long; lobes spreading, ovate, ‘15 in. long, 3-nerved, margins

recurved. Anthers sagittate, smooth on the back with a very small

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 463

gland near the apex, which is often hooked; basal cells slender, in-

curved; filaments pubescent, decurrent inside the corolla-tube in a

white-pubescent ridge to a little way above the base. Dzsk-lobes linear-

subulate, ‘1 in. long. Ovary-carpels short, oblong, pubescent at top;

stigma obscurely ribbed. ollicles very slender, 1 foot long, flexuous,

smooth, thinly coriaceous. Seeds black, very slender, glabrous, flat,

1 in. long, ‘075 in. broad, enlarged at the apex where they bear the

coma; coma white, 1 to 1:5 in. long; albumen thin; cotyledons linear-

oblong; radicle slender. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 222; Kurz For. FI. IL.

190, and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 255; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.

450. P. ovata, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 442. P. Hookerzana, Wight Ic.

t. 1306b¢s. Parsonsia ovata, Wall. Cat. 1630. Teysmannia laxiflora

and Hookeriana, Mig. l.c. 455, 456; and Parapotisia, Addenda 1080.

Vallaris laxiflora, Blume Bijdr. 1043. Huthodon pamculata, Griff.

Notul. IV. 84; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 458, fig. 2.

Kepau: Fidley. Prenanea: Curtis 820. Prrax: Wray 1904;

Scortechint 1287, 1289; Curtis 3337; King’s Collector 1318, 4657, 5532,

10292, 10988. Matacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1095. — Disrris.

India (E. Bengal and Assam), Burma, Java, S. China.

18. WrieutTtas, Br.

Shrubs or small trees, with often slender branches. Leaves oppo-

site, penniveined. Flowers red, white, or yellowish, in terminal

or pseudo-axillary corymb-like cymes. Calyx short, 5-partite, with

glands or scales inside; lobes obtuse. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube

cylindric, usually short, usually slightly constricted at the throat ;

lobes 5, overlapping to the left; the throat or the lower part of the

lobes usually (absent in W. relzgiosa) furnished with a corona of 5 to

10 scales, which are often lobed or fimbriate, and either distinct or

connate ina ring. Stamens inserted on the mouth of the tube; fila-

ments short, dilated; anthers exserted (almost included in W. dubza),

sagittate, conniving around and adhering to the stigma; cells usually

near the summit, base produced in solid spurs. Disk 0. Ovary of 2

free or connate, many-ovuled, carpels; style filiform; stigma ovoid,

with usually a toothed basal ring. Fruit of 2 connate or distinct

follicular mericarps. Seeds linear, attenuate at the apex, base with a

deciduous coma; albumen scanty or 0; cotyledons broad, convolute ;

radicle short, superior.—Distris. Tropical Asia and Australia; about

10 species.

Throat of corolla furnished with a corona of scales or fringes :—

Corona-seales 10, 5 alternate with lobes of corolla, free,

2-lobed ; 5 opposite those lobes, adnate below, free above,

464 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

3-lobed; leaves and inflorescence very tomentose; follicles

connate 5: : -. L. W. javanica.

Corona-scales many, fiibante fain the hanes “eaves and

inflorescence glabrous ; follicles connate bt 2. W. levis.

Corona-scales 5, small, alternate with the lobes of the corel’

not lobed; stamens almost included; flowers large; leaves

scarcely pubescent; follicles distinct, connate at the ae

only ie : .. 3. W. dubia.

Throat of corolla without 2 a corona ; dawere very ate as are

also the leaves; pedicels capillary; follicles distinct .. 4. W. religiosa.

1. Wrigutria gavanica, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 405 (1844). A small

tree, reaching a height of 40 feet and a diameter of 12 to 14 in.

(Curtis); branchlets slender, tomentose, as are the innovations and

linear leaf-buds. Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate,

abruptly and obtusely acuminate at apex, acute at base; upper surface

minutely pubescent, glabrate when old; lower surface densely tomen-

tose with ferruginous hairs; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib

rather broad, scarcely raised; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, nearly

straight, reddish and sufficiently conspicuous beneath; reticulations

obscure; petiole -25 in. long, densely tomentose. Cymes terminal,

tomentose, 1 to 1:5 in. long and 2 to 3 in. broad, many- (about 15- to

20-) flowered; peduncle none, or about -25 in. long; branches 3-choto-

mous, about -4 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘2 to -3 in. long; bracteoles

minute, subulate; buds clavate, the tube short, the head ovoid, inflated,

often ‘5 to ‘6 in. long and ‘2 to -3 in. broad; flowers pale waxy-white with

greyish centre. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, glabrous within, -0d in. long ;

glands 2 to each lobe, elliptic, the two nearly covering the inside of the

lobe. Corolla-tube short, -15 in. long, slightly constricted at mouth.

glabrous within; lobes oblong, rounded, ‘d in. long, at last spreading,

puberulous on both surfaces. Scales 10; 5 alternate with corolla-lobes,

free, inserted at base, *2 to *3 in. long, entire or bifid at apex, villous ;

5 opposite the corolla-lobes, upper free part inserted nearly half-way up,

very short and 2- to 3-lobed, villous, lower part adnate to the tube,

glabrous or pubescent, twice as broad as the free ones. Anthers hard,

stiff, pubescent, ‘25 in. long, apiculus penicillate ; filaments very short,

thick, sometimes furnished behind with 2 minute subulate glands.

Fruit 10 to 12 in. long, rough, prominently beaked ; follicles connate.

Seeds very slender, about 6 in. long, excavate above ; testa thin, striate ;

coma white, silky, 1-5 to 2 in. long; cotyledons broadly ovate, cordate,

convolute, ‘25 in. long, with prominent nerves; radicle short, stout,

‘075 to ‘lin. long. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 482; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I.

112. W. pubescens, Blume Bijdr. 1041 not of Br.

Kepax: at 300 to 500 feet, King’s Collector 1762, Tonexa: Curtis

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 465

3054. Province WELLESLEY: at Tassek Glugor, Curtis 3738. —

Distris. Java (Koorders 13799, 13800, 13802, 14232).

In appearance this species would at first sight be taken for W. tomentosa, Roem.

& Sch., but it is distinguished by the larger buds, shorter corolla-tube, and, above all,

by the quite different corona-scales.

2. WrigHTrA L&vis, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 654 (1882). A

glabrous shrub or small tree, reaching 15 to 20 feet in height ; branchlets

slender, terete, very pale brownish-yellow. Leaves membranous; elliptic

or elliptic-oblong, abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

shining above, dull and pale beneath, blueish when dry; 3 to 6 in. long,

1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, raised and usually nearly white

beneath; main nerves 4 to 7 pairs, the lowest pair very near the margin,

all arching upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves and

transverse reticulations pale, forming an elegant network especially

conspicuous below ; petiole very short, ‘1 to ‘2 in. long. Cymes corym-

bose, 3-chotomous, pseudo-terminal, about 2 in. long and 2:5 in. broad ;

peduncles flattened, up to about 1 in. long; secondary peduncles also

flattened, -25 to 3 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘5 to -75 in. long, often

deflexed; bracteoles minute, ovate-lanceolate ; flower-buds ovoid; flowers

about ‘d in. in diameter, blood-red (Maingay). Calyx-tube very short ;

lobes ovate, rounded, ciliolate, nerved, ‘06 in. long, each with 1 to 2

minute scales near the base. Corolla-tube very short, ‘05 in. long,

glabrous; lobes oblong, minutely pubescent, :25 in. long; corona-scales

fimbriate from the base, laciniz glabrous, ‘2 in. long. Stamens exsert;

filaments very short, thick; anthers sagittate, the connective villous on

both sides; cells near the top only, very short. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ;

style slender, with an obconic top; stigma short, rounded. Jollicles

7 to 8 in. long, connate, slender. Seeds very long (1°5 in.), slender,

glabrous, striate.

Poona@aH : Curtis 2943. Prrax: at 300 ft., Wray 3504 ; Scortechine

63, 77; Kung’s Collector 8614. Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Maingay

(K.D.) 1065. Senancor: Aidley 7566, at Ginting Bidaii—Disrrinp.

Sumatra (forbes 2605).

3. WRIGHTIA DUBIA, Spr. Syst. Veg. I. 638 (1825). A shrub, 2 to 8

feet high; branches stout, lenticellate ; branchlets also thick, terete,

pale brown, innovations minutely pubescent. Leaves chartaceous ;

oblong- or obovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate at base,

sometimes almost rounded; dull on both surfaces, on the upper scabe-

rulous, scarcely pubescent, dark, paler beneath; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to

1:5, rarely to 2, in. broad ; midrib slender, smooth, pale, prominently raised

beneath ; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, the lowest very close to the margin,

466 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

the rest at irregular distances but rather oblique, arching upwards to

and along the margin; secondary nerves few, reticulations distinct, all

pale and easily seen on the lower surface; petiole extremely short,

0 to -2 in. long. Cymes axillary and pseudo-terminal, few- (1- to 6-)

flowered, secund; peduncles very short; pedicels pubescent, -25 in.

long ; bracteoles very small, pubescent, ovate-acute, sheathing the

bases of the pedicels and at intervals along them; buds oblong-ovoid

or fusiform, 1 to 1:5 in. long; flowers scarlet, orange without. Calyz-

tube short; lobes ovate-acute, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous, °125 in.

long, 3 of them with two small, thin, rounded, membranous, lobed

scales at base, the scales one-third to one-half the length of the lobes.

Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube campanulate, °25 to °35 in. long; lobes

spreading, *4 to ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong or -acuminate, glabrous on

both surfaces as in the tube; mouth with 5 small, ligulate, rounded,

corona-scales alternate with the lobes and sometimes joined by a

slightly thickened ridge. Stamens only slightly exsert; filaments very

broad; anthers sagittate, produced in a short membranous tip, the

basal spurs straight or curved; connective faintly pubescent on the

back. Ovary glabrous, conical; style thick, -1 in. long; stigma conical,

with an annular ring. follicles distinct, at first cohering at the apex,

8 to 12 in. long, :25 in. broad, acuminate, striate. Seeds linear, ‘75 in.

long, pointed at both ends, the lower furnished with a long, deciduous,

white, silky coma; testa thin, striate; albumen very thin; cotyledons

convolute, cordate, -25 in. long; radicle cylindric, -15 in. long. Came-

raria dubsa, Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1646 (1814). Strophanthus Jackianus,

Wall. Cat. 1643; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 419; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 442;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 655; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1521; Pax in Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XV. 380; Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3, Sér. v. 260;

Gilg in Engl. Monog. 12.

TRANG: in open jungle, on hilly ground at 200 to 300 ft., Kunstler

1400. Junxsrynon (Tongka): Curtis. Prnana: Jack; Wallich 1643 ;

Curtis 188.

We consider that this species is rightly placed in this genus rather than in

Strophanthus, on account of the structure of the seeds, but the stamens are much less

exsert than is usual in Wrightia, and the corona-lobes are not cleft. There is in

the Kew Herbarium an excellent drawing of a flowering and fruiting branch by Mrs.

Hutton.

Curtis’s No. 2915, from Junkseylon (Tongka), marked Strophanthus sp., an erect

shrub 4 to 5 ft. high, with brick-red flowers, has exactly the flowers of Wrightia dubia,

but the leaves are membranous, elliptic, short-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base,

7°5 in. long, and 2°75 in. broad. It cannot, however, be separated as a species, and

may be called var. membranifolia, King & Gamble.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 467

4, WRIGHTIA RELIGIOSA, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 713 (1876). A small

shrub or tree; branches stiff, grey ; branchlets also stiff, twiggy, innova-

tions scabrous-papillose. Leaves membranous, small; ovate-lanceolate,

obtusely acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, those of young shoots

linear-oblong; glabrous on the upper surface except for the crisped

pubescence on the midrib, glabrous on the lower, the midrib only

slightly pubescent; -5 to 1:5 in. long, ‘3 to -7 in broad, those of the

shoots 2 to 2°5 in. long and ‘d in. broad; midrib slender, crisped-

pubescent ; main nerves about 4 pairs (shoot-leaves up to 10 pairs or

more), curved upwards to join in a faint intramarginal nerve ; secondary

nerves and reticulations inconspicuous; petiole slender, scarcely -1 in.

long. Cymes terminal, few- (up to 12-) flowered; main peduncles fairly

stout, flattened, -2 in. long; secondary peduncles 1 to 4, about -1 in.

long; pedicels capillary, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, curved and twisted; bracteoles

minute, ovate; buds ovate-oblong; flowers white. Calyx-lobes ovate,

acute, ciliate, with a few (about 5) blackish scales near the top of the

tube inside. Corolla-tube cylindric, glabrous, -15 in. long; lobes ovate-

orbicular, very thin, nervose, ‘25 to ‘3 in. long, glabrous; corona-scales

none. Stamens long-exsert; filaments rather slender, ‘1 in. long;

anthers linear-lanceolate, cells near the summit, connective thickened.

Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style slender; stigma conical. follicles

straight, linear, terete, 3 to 6 in. long, divergent at an angle of about

20° to 40°. Seeds linear, 3 to -4 in. long, somewhat blunt at both ends,

furnished below with a white silky coma 1 to 1°5 in. long; testa

striate, faintly puberulous. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 653; Kurz For.

Fl. 1.194. EHchites relagiosa, Teysm. & Binnend. Hort. Bogor. 126.

SIAMESE STATES: at Kasoom, Curtis 3241. Manacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1071. Sryearore: J. Anderson 115; Maingay (K.D.) 3334;

cultivated only.—Distris. Siam (Schomburgk 132); Tenasserim.

Subtribe 2.—NERIIN2.

19. SrropHantuHus, DC.

Small trees or shrubs; often climbing. Leaves opposite, penni-

veined. Flowers usually large, in terminal cymes. Calyx 5-partite, scales

5 to many within at the base of the lobes. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube

short, campanulate or urceolate at the mouth and furnished with 10

free or connate corona-scales*; lobes 5, twisted, overlapping to the

right, sometimes produced in long or short tails, rarely ovate-acute.

Stamens inserted at the top of the tube, included; filaments short ;

* The corona-scales may be either considered as 10, free or connate; or as 5, often

cleft to the base.

468 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

anthers sagittate, more or less acuminate or produced in a long bristle,

connivent around the stigma and adhering to it; cells pollen-bearing

near the top only, produced at the base in empty spurs. Dzsk none.

Carpels 2, distinct; style slender; stigma thick, columnar or conical

with a membranous reflexed frill at the base, tip simple or bifid; ovules

many in each carpel, many-seriate. Frwt of two follicular mericarps,

oblong or elongate, hard, divergent or divaricate. Seeds compressed,

fusiform, narrowed into a long, feathery-plumose point, base with a

deciduous coma; albumen scanty, fleshy; cotyledons oblong, plano-

convex. — Distris. Tropical and South Africa and Tropical Asia ;

about 40 species.

Lobes of the corolla exceeding the tube in length :—

Lobes of the corolla more than 1 in. long; main nerves of

leaves conspicuous; corona-scales faleate-acuminate :—

Leaves 3 to 5 in. long; calyx-lobes acuminate from an

ovate base, ‘25 in. long ; bracts short 58 . 1. 8S. dichotomus.

Leaves 1:5 to 3 in. long; calyx-lobes subulate- lanceolate,

‘5 in. long; bracts long, similar to calyx-lobes . 2. 8. Wallichii.

Lobes of the corolla scarcely :75 in. long, blunt at tip; main

nerves very obscure; corona-scales a short crenatefold .. 3. S. perakensis.

Lobes of the corolla almost as long as the tube; leaves 2- to

4 in. long; main nerves conspicuous; corona-scales linear-

falcate ; calyx-lobes ovate-acute, ‘1 in. long. a: .. 4. S. singaporianus.

1. STROPHANTHUS DiIcHOTOMUS, DC. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris ITI.

123 (1802). An erect or straggling sarmentose shrub, 9 to 10 ft. high ;

branches stout, as are the branchlets; bark of branchiets dark brown

with prominent lenticels. Leaves chartaceous, often membranous when

dry, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or -obovate, more or less abruptly shortly

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins

recurved ; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed

above, raised beneath; main nerves 8 to 9 pairs, impressed above,

raised beneath, starting at an angle of about 70° with the midrib and

slightly curved upwards to meet in a prominent intramarginal looped

nerve at a little distance from the edge; secondary nerves few, between

the main nerves; reticulations oblique, impressed above; petiole ‘25 in.

long, articulate. Cymes dichotomous; peduncle short, stout, up to

‘5 in. long; branches short, corymbose, with ovate-acuminate, cadu-

cous bracts about -15 in. long; pedicels stout, -3 to ‘5 in. long; bracts

small, ovate-acute; flowers whitish or greenish with dark purple

corolla-tails. Calyx with very short tube; lobes glabrous, acuminate

from an ovate base, -25 in. long, furnished within at the base with a

pair of ovate-acute, entire or bifid scales. Corolla-tube slightly cylindric

at first, then funnel-shaped, °75 in. long; lobes rounded at first, ‘5 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 469

long, ending in very long, up to 4 in. or more, slender tails; corona-

scales alternate with the lobes, cleft nearly to the base, divisions linear-

faleate on a broad base ‘2 to ‘25 in. long. Anthers pubescent on the

back; tips produced in a very long, slender bristle; filaments broad,

decurrent within the tube. Ovary glabrous; style stout, upper part

rugose; stigma with a reflexed fringe. follicles very large, divergent,

about 8 in. long by 2 in. broad, broadest at the base where united,

tapering to a broad rounded point. Seeds compressed, fusiform, -7 in.

long, produced in a long beak, the upper part of which, about 1 in.

long, is furnished with a brush-like coma of white silky hairs, 1 in. long

or more; testa thin, dark brown; albumen very thin; cotyledons

oblong, somewhat auricled at base, 4 in. long, 15 in. broad; radicle

cylindric, ‘25in. long. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 417; Bl. Bijdr. 1044; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 441; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 655. ‘S. Horsfieldianus,

Mig. l.c. 442. S. scandens, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV. 412. 8S. longi-

caudatus and S. Griffithit, Wight Ic. t. 1299, 1800; Mig. l.c. 442.

S. caudatus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. 257 and For. FI. II.

191; Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XV. 263; Franchet in Nouy. Arch. Mus.

Paris, 3° sér. V. 263; Gilg in Engl. Monog. 16. _ S. pentaphyllus, Griff.

Notul. IV. 78. Hchites caudata, Burm. Fl. Ind. 68, t. 26. Neriwm

caudatum, Lamk. Dict. III. 458.

Perak: Wray 1668, 3306; Scortechini 1819, 1740; King’s Collector

3896, 8628. Manacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1073; Lobb.—

Distris. Tenasserim, Java.

2. StropHantHus Wawuicnu, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 418 (1844). A

climbing glabrous shrub; branchlets slender, terete, bark brown with

many prominent lenticels. Leaves membranous; elliptic-oblong or

-obovate, abruptly and shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate to almost

rounded at base, plicately folded when young; upper surface dull, dark,

lower surface pale; margins undulate, recurved; 1:5 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to

1-25 in. broad; midrib prominent, flattened beneath, slightly impressed

above; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,

curving upwards to join in an intramarginal looped nerve well within

the margin ; secondary nerves and reticulations in an elegant network ;

all, with the main nerves and midrib, prominent on the under surface by

_ their colour darker than that of the tissue; petiole slender, -25 in. long.

Cymes dichotomous, spreading, reaching 3 in. long and 3 in. in breadth

at the corymbose top; main peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long; secondary

peduncles about 4, up to 1 in. long; tertiary peduncles and pedicels

slender, about -25 in. long; bracts or bracteoles at each joint in pairs

similar to the calyx-lobes, linear-lanceolate, recurved, -25 to °35 in. long,

minutely pubescent; flower-buds slender; flowers pink or yellow with

470 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

faint reddish stripes. Calyx-lobes subulate-lanceolate, ‘5 in. long, re-

flexed in flower, minutely pubescent; scales at base very minute, often

wanting. Corolla-tube cylindric-funnel-shaped, as long as the calyx-

lobes ; lobes ovate acuminate, produced into slender tails reaching 2 to 3

in. long; corona-scales cleft to the base, each half faleate acuminate,

about ‘15 to -2in. long. Anthers very narrow, produced in long slender

soft awns up to ‘5 in. long, the awns twisted together in the flower,

connective on the back and lower part of awns minutely pubescent ;

filaments broad, decurrent half-way down the tube. Ovary glabrous,

depressed ; style slender, slightly pubescent. Mruit not known. Pax

in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XV. 378; Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3°

sér. V. 268; Gilg in Engl. Monog.. 16; Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 655; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. I]. 442; Prain Beng. Plants 677. S.dichotomus, Wall. Cat.

1641; Wight Ic. t. 599; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 759; Grah. in Maund Bot.

III. t. 150. S. cauwdatus, Kurz For. Fl. Il. 193. Nerzwm caudatum,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. IT. 9; Burm. FI. Ind. t. 26.

JUNKSEYLON IsuAND (Tongka): Curtis 2931. Trane: King’s Col-

lector 1887 or 1397 (?).—Disrris. India (Circars, Khasia Hills, Chitta-

gong and Tenasserim).

3. STROPHANTHUS PERAKENSIS, Scortechini MS. in Herb. Cale. A

slender climber; branchlets slender, glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves

thinly coriaceous when green, membranous when dry, glabrous; elliptic-

oblong, acuminate at apex, acute at base; both surfaces somewhat pale,

the lower paler; margins crispate, slightly recurved ; 2 to 3-5 in. long,

‘75 to 1 in. broad; midrib thick, impressed above, prominently raised

beneath ; main nerves very obscure, 10 to 12 pairs, leaving the midrib at

an angle of about 70° and nearly straight, joining near the margin in a

very faint intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations not visible; petiole

‘25 in. long, channelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of

the blade. Cymes slender, few-flowered, about 1 in. long and 1 in. in

diam., trichotomous; peduncle 25 to ‘5 in. long; secondary peduncles

rather shorter, bearing 3 terminal flowers ; pedicels slender, pubescent,

about ‘1 in. long; bracts and bracteoles in pairs at all nodes, ovate and

dark red at base, long acuminate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; buds slender, fusi-

form ; flowers yellowish-green. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,

‘2 in. long, the three inner with two minute obtuse scales at the base

within. Corolla-tube urceolate, constricted at the mouth, as long as the

calyx-lobes ; lobes ovate-cordate at base, long acuminate with a blunt tip,

‘5 to ‘7 in. long; corona-scales cleft to the base, scarcely more than a

short crenate fold. Stamens included; filaments short, decurrent half-

way to the base of the tube and ending in an obtuse spur; anthers

sagittate, the connective produced in a soft pubescent tip as long as the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 471

anthers, pubescent on the back. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style thick,

rough; stigma cylindric with a short fringe below and a point at the

apex. fruit not seen.

Perak: at Dipong, Scortechim 1818.

4, STROPHANTHUS SINGAPORIANUS, Gilg in Engl. Monog. 11 (1903).

A straggling shrub; branchlets slender, brown, thickly covered with

white lenticels. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly and shortly

acuminate at apex, acute at base; dull on the upper surface and dark

brown when dry, paler on the lower; margins crispately undulate,

recurved ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed

above, prominently raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, starting

at an angle of about 70° and curving upwards to meet in an intramar-

ginal deeply looped nerve ; secondary nerves and reticulations well-

marked beneath; petiole ‘25 to 4 in. long, bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Cymes dichotomous on a peduncle -25 to I in.

long, reaching 2 in. in length and about 2 in. broad at the corymbose

top; branch peduncles and pedicels rather stout, of varying length,

pedicels greatly enlarged in fruit; bracts and bracteoles in pairs at all

nodes, ovate-acute, about -15 in. long; buds clavate, flowers purple.

Calyzx-lobes ovate-acute, glabrous, ‘lin. long, inner three furnished with

2 to 4 small glands at the base inside. Corolla-tube cylindric, some-

times a little constricted at the mouth, :25 in. long; lobes as long as tube,

ovate-acute, campanulate ; corona-scales linear-falcate, cleft to the base,

‘lin. long. Anthers produced in slender soft filiform awns ; filaments

pubescent, flattened, decurrent about half-way down the corolla-tube.

Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style pubescent. follicles 8 in. long by -5 to

‘75 in. broad, base broad, middle slightly turgid, then tapering to a long

hard curved point; divergent so as to lie in the same straight line; peri-

carp terete, smooth. Seeds oblong-lanceolate, ‘75 to 1 in. long, ‘1 in.

broad, pointed above, produced below in a long feathery plumose point ;

the coma white, soft; testa*pale-brown, puberulous. S. brevicaudatus,

Wight Ic. t. 1802 (1850); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 656; Kurz For. FI.

III. 191 and Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 257; Pax in Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. XV. 380; Franchet in Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3° sér. V. 259.

Cercocoma singaporiana, Wall. Cat. 1623; G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl.

Pl. LY. 83; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 432; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 445.

Mauacca: Groffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1072; Derry 528. SrNcapore:

Wallach 1623; Lobb; Kurz; Ridley 6040, 9149 ; King’s Collector 1191.—

Distris. Mergui (?), Borneo (Haviland 1770, Beccart 797 ; Motley).

472 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Subtribe 3.—EcHITIDIN2.

20. Urcroua, Roxb.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved. lowers

small, in dense corymbosely panicled cymes at the ends of the branch-

lets. Calyx 5-partite, without glands within; lobes oblong or linear.

Corolla urceolate or subglobose; throat naked; lobes 5, short, valvate,

subinduplicate. Stamens attached to the base of the corolla, included ;

filaments very short; anthers sagittate, scarcely acuminate, connivent

around the stigma and adhering to it at their middle; cells produced at

the base in empty spurs. Dzsk cupular or annular, truncate or shortly

5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk, many-ovuled;

style short; stigma oblong-conic, subannulate at the base. Prt of 2

spreading follicular mericarps, thick and acuminate or elongate, con-

tracted or not between the seeds. Seeds oblong or linear, compressed,

villous; tip contracted, bearded with long persistent brown hairs and

crowned with a long white deciduous coma; albumen scanty; cotyledons

flat, foliaceous ; radicle short—Distris. Malay Peninsula and Archi-

pelago; about 7 to 8 species.

Follicles straight, even, terete, slender, not constricted between

the seeds :—

Follicles in one line or very slightly curved either way :—

Leaves rusty-pubescent beneath; calyx-lobes linear, -1 to

‘15 in. long, much recurved se Dc .. L. U. elastica.

Leaves nearly or quite glabrous beneath :—

Leaves somewhat glaucous beneath; calyx-lobes broad

obtuse, little recurved; corolla urceolate .. .. 2. U. Maingayi.

Leaves reddish-brown beneath ; calyx-lobes ovate, very

small, under 05 in. long; corolla globose .. .. 3. U. brachysepala.

Follicles recurved ; leaves red-brown beneath when ae calyx-

lobes longer than piel fe 4. U. malaccensis.

Follicles poniard-shaped, thickened in tthe joie re gage

pointed above; calyx-lobes very short; leaves red-brown when

aig ta 4 d. U. lucida.

Follicles dornlase) Giiceened opera the seeds sid paneuerel

between them ; leaves red-brown when dry ve -. 6. U. torulosa.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNowN: 7. U. reticulata. 8. U. sp.

1. UrncEoua ELASTICA, Roxb. in As. Res. V. 167 (1799) with fig. (excl.

fruit). A large climbing shrub; branches thick, with dark brown bark ;

branchlets slender, often flexuose, innovations pubescent. Leaves cori-

aceous, ovate or elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded

at base; upper surface glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves,

lower rusty-pubescent, but reddish brown when dry; margin strongly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 473

recurved, often with thicker pubescence beneath; 4 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3-5

in. broad ; midrib stout, slightly impressed above ; main nerves 10 to 12

pairs, strongly marked beneath, slightly impressed above, at an angle of

about 60° with the midrib, straight at first and then curving and anasto-

mosing near the margin; secondary nerves none; reticulations transverse,

fairly regular; petiole -5 to 1 in. long, rusty-pubescent, twisted at the

base, the bases of each pair joined by a ridge at the node. Inflorescence

finely rusty-pubescent, trichotomous, up to 12 in. long and 8 in. broad ;

main branch peduncles 2 to 2°5 in. long; secondary branch peduncles

1 to 15 in. long; cymules terminal, corymbose or subumbellate,

many- and densely-flowered, 05 to -1 in. long ; bracts leaf-like; bracteoles

linear-subulate, -1 to -25 in. long; flowers very small. Calyzx-tube short;

lobes linear, -1 to -15 in. long, recurved. Corolla urceolate, tube -05 in.

long, glabrous within, except a tuft of refiexed hairs between the

stamens; lobes oblong, a little longer than the tube. Anthers

acuminate, pollen-cells at the top; filaments broad, short, minutely

pubescent. Ovary globose, pubescent; style short; stigma conical.

Follicles connected at the base, straight, horizontal or sometimes

recurved, cylindric, acuminate, brown-velvety-pubescent when young,

smooth and glabrous when old, about 6 in. long and -3 in. broad. Seeds

linear-oblong, 5 in. long, flattened, surmounted by a ring of tawny

bristles, from the centre of which arises a coma of white silky hairs

1-5 to 2 in. long; testa slightly tawny-villous; albumen very scanty;

cotyledons oblong; radicle rather long. A. DC. Prod. VIII. 358;

Wight Ic. t. 473 (excel. figure and description of frutt); Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. Il. 416; Hook f. Fl. Br. Ind. II. 656. Tabernemoniana elastica,

Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1.639. ? Vahea gummifera, Poir Dict. Suppl. V. £09.

Penane : Roxburgh (Howison and C. Campbell) ; Curtis 823 ; King’s

Collector 1749. Prrax: Wray 595, 1812, 2308, 2599, 4273 ; King’s Col-

lector 2241, 2447, 3597, 4239, 4886, 5061, 7567, 10348. SELaNcor:

Goodenough 10600. Manacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1058, 1091;

Cantley ; Derry 404, 1024, 1031; Curtes 3477—DistRIs. Sumatra.

As noted by Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind., the fruit figured and deseribed by Roxburgh,

Wight, and A. DC. as that of U. elastica is that of Orchipeda fetida, Blume, a

Javanese tree.

2. Urnczota Mareayt, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 658 (1882). A

- large climbing shrub; branchlets nearly black, terete, more or less

rusty-pubescent as are the innovations. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic,

abruptly acuminate at apex, narrowed or rounded at base; glabrous and

shining greenish brown on the upper surface, pale and dull and more

or less glaucous on the lower, glabrous or minutely pubescent; margins

recurved, 2-5 to 5°5 in. long, 15 to 3 im. broad: midrib prominent,

474 Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula.

dark, impressed on the upper surface; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, pro-

minent, starting at an angle of about 70° with the midrib and curving

upward to anastomose near the margin; secondary nerves few, reticula-

tions transverse, prominent, more or less raised above; petiole -4 to °6

in. long. Inflorescence minutely rusty-pubescent, trichotomous, up to

8 in. long and d in. broad; main branch peduncles 2 to 2°5 in. long;

secondary rather shorter; cymules terminal, corymbose or subumbellate ;

pedicels slender, ‘1 in. long; lower bracts leaf-like; bracteoles linear-

subulate, 2 in. long; flowers very small. Calyx-tube very short; lobes

ovate oblong, little recurved, obtuse at tip, -125in. long. Corolla urceo-

late; tube very short, glabrous within ; lobes oblong, rather longer than

the tube. Anthers sagittate, obtuse at apex, the tails diverging. Ovary

globose, pubescent; style obconical; stigma conical with a short bifid

apiculus. follicles connected at the base, diverging nearly horizontally,

6 to 8 in. long, 25 in. broad, usually hooked at the tip; pericarp terete,

dark brown, glabrous. Seeds linear-oblong, flattened, -6 in. long, sur-

mounted by a ring of tawny bristles and a coma of white silky hairs

1 in. long; testa softly tawny-villous ; albumen very scanty; cotyledons

oblong; radicle rather long.

Perak: King’s Collector 4743, 5134; Wray 2367 (young follicles

curving inwards almost to a circle). Manacca: Hullett. Stneaprore:

Maingay (K.D.) 1083; Azdley 2717.—Distris. Borneo (Haviland 1527,

1767, 3497).

3. URCEOLA BRACHYSEPALA, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IIT., 659 (1882).

A climbing shrub; branchlets slender, dark brown, terete. Leaves

chartaceous, perhaps coriaceous when green; elliptic, abruptly obtusely

acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces smooth, red-brown

when dry; margins slightly recurved; 4 to 5:5 in. long, 1-5 to 2°5 in,

broad ; midrib prominent, rather slender; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,

starting from the midrib at an angle of 70° to 75° and curved upwards

to and along the margin only, the upper few meeting in an intra-

marginal nerve, rest anastomosing, all prominent, raised on the upper

surface as are the prominent transverse reticulations; petiole slender,

‘d to 1 in. long, articulate near the base. Inflorescence puberulous,

trichotomous, terminal on main or side branchlets, up to about 6 in.

long and 5 in. broad; main peduncle 1 to 2 in. long, terete; secondary

peduncle also about 1 to 2 in. long, flattened as are further branches ;

cymules corymbose, pedicels slender, often recurved; bracts leafy;

bracteoles subulate, reddish, numerous; buds globose; flowers minute.

Calyz-lobes very small, ovate, ‘03 to ‘04 in. long, very slightly puberulous.

Corolla globose, villous without, glabrous within, except for tufts of hair

between the stamens, inflated, ‘075 to -1 in. long; lobes induplicate.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 475

Anthers acute or very minutely apiculate; spurs slightly incurved. Ovary

villous; style obconical; stigma conical, annulate at base. Follicles usually

horizontal, in one line, sometimes slightly curved backwards, terete, 6 to

8 in. long, 2 in. broad, acuminate and slightly hooked at apex. Seeds flat-

tened, -4 to ‘5 in. long, ending in a tuft of bristles and a milky-white

coma about 1°5 in. long; testa tough, densely rusty-villous.

Prenane: Curtis 403. PrErax: Scortechint. Matacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1079, 1080; Curtis 3478; Goodenough 1564 ; Ridley 1610, 2727,

6937, 8397, 9125, 10772.

4. URCEOLA MALACCENSIS, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 658 (1882).

A large climbing shrub, glabrous except the innovations and the inflores-

cence; branchlets nearly black, terete, rather slender. Leaves coriaceous

ovate or ovate-oblong, obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded at

base ; upper surface pale green, pale when dry, lower red-brown when

dry, both surfaces smooth; margins slightly recurved ; 2 to 4°d in. long,

1 to 2 in. broad ; midrib strong, impressed above, raised beneath ; main

neryes 6 to 8 pairs, slender, prominently marked on both surfaces,

starting at an angle of about 60° with the midrib and curved upwards to

and along the margin, intramarginal nerve only near the tip; reticula-

tions transverse, regular; petiole *5 to ‘75 in. long, slender, articulate

near the base, the bases of each pair of leaves joined by a slender ridge at

the node. Inflorescence of terminal or axillary cymes, hoary-pubescent,

trichotomous, about 2 in. long and 3 in. broad; cymules many-flowered,

congested, corymbose; peduncles about 1 to 1:25 in. long, flattened ;

secondary peduncles about 1 in. long, rest smaller; bracts leafy;

bracteoles very many, linear-oblong, similar to the calyx-lobes; buds

globose. Calyzx-lobes linear-oblong or almost spatulate, unequal, re-

curved, up to:l in. long. Corolla-tube very short ; lobes oblong, indupli-

cate, glabrous within except for a small tuft of hair between the stamens.

Anthers obtuse, with a rounded apiculus; spurs straight. Ovary-carpels

hirsute; style obconic; stigma conical, tip bifid: ollcles slender,

terete, acuminate, 8 to 9 in. long, :2 in. broad, slightly curved, recurved

so that the angle between them is about 240°. Seeds oblong-fusiform ;

acuminate at the base, the tip furnished with a ring of bristles enclosing

the white, silky, about 2 in. long, coma; testa thin, villous, with golden-

silky stiff hairs.

Perak: King’s Collector 4464; Ridley 9666. Manacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1098, 1082, part. SrLancor: Curtis 2395. Jonore: Ridley

9158; G. King. Sincarore: Hullett 846, 909; Cantley 121.

5. UrcEona tucrpa, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii., 716 (1876). A climbing

shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence ; branchlets.slender, nearly

black, terete. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly

476 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

acuminate at apex with a usually oblique acumen, rounded at base,

shining on both surfaces, red-brown when dry; margins slightly re-

curved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad; midrib strong, very promi-

nent beneath, slightly impressed above; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs,

slightly impressed above, very strong beneath, starting at an angle of

nearly 60° with the midrib and curved upwards to and along the margin,

where they meet to form almost an intramarginal looped nerve ; reticu-

lations transverse, regular; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, often twisted.

Inflorescence of large terminal and axillary trichotomous panicles of

cymes, reaching in all 1 ft. in length and breadth; peduncles and

branches slender, uppermost only pubescent; main peduncles 2 to 3 in.

long, secondary 1 to 1:5 in. long, tertiary about -5 in. long; cymules

corymbose; pedicels short; bracteoles ovate acuminate, very small; buds

globose or ovoid. Calyx-tube short; lobes broadly oblong, recurved,

‘05 in. long. Corolla urceolate, -1 in. long, tube very short ; lobes oblong,

longer than the tube, pubescent without, glabrous within. Anthers

obtuse at the apex. Ovary glabrous or slightly hairy at the tip; style

short; stigma conical. ollecles 3 to 4 in. long, horizontal, rigid (like

poniards), base contracted, tip acuminate, -4 to ‘5 in. broad at the

broadest a little above the base; exocarp thick; endocarp crustaceous ;

placenta woody. Seeds linear-oblong, °3 to ‘5 in. long, flattened, ending

in a tuft of tawny bristles, which encloses a white silky spreading coma

about 1 in. long; testa crustaceous, rusty-silky-pubescent; cotyledons

foliaceous, °3 in. long; radicle ‘25 in. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 658.

Chavannesia lucida, A. DC. Prod. VIII. 444. Hehites ? lucida, Wall.

Cat. 1670; G. Don Gen Hist. Dichl. Pl. IY. 75.

Prenana: Wallich 1670; Curtis 661, 941, 3569; Kong's Collector

1329. Perak: Scortechum 17, King’s Collector 4929. Matacca: Derry

333, 978, 1158, 1169. Sinecapore: Hullett 860; Ridley 2745, 5628, 6937.

6. Urcrona Torunosa, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 659 (1882). A

climbing shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence; branchlets rather

slender, very dark brown, terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate-oblong

or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base,

smooth on both surfaces, red-brown when dry; margin slightly recurved ;

variable in size, usually 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad, but on end

branchlets sometimes as small as 1 to 1:5 in. long and ‘75 to 1 in. broad;

midrib slender, impressed above ; main nerves very slender, 6 to 10 pairs,

at about 50° to 60° with the midrib, curved upwards to and along the

margin, where they anastomose; reticulations transverse, not promi-

nent ; petiole about ‘d in. long, articulate near the base. Cymes terminal.

on side branchlets as well as on main branchlets, 2 to 2° in. long, 2 in.

broad, pubescent; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long; branch peduncles short ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 477

pedicels slender ; bracteoles linear-subulate or lanceolate ; buds globose ;

flowers very small. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, ‘05 to ‘075 in. long,

obtuse, erect. Corolla urceolate; tube very short; lobes oblong acute,

slightly longer than calyx-lobes, glabrous within except for tufts of hair

between the anthers. Anthers ‘075 in. long, tip acute or bifid, spurs

short, straight. Ovary villous; style obconic, subannulate at the base ;

stigma conical. ollicles torulose, very slender, 1:5 to 2°5 ft. long,

smooth, the swellings 1 to 1:5 in. apart; pericarp thin, smooth inside;

placenta enlarged opposite the seeds. Seeds elliptic-lanceolate, ‘5 in.

long, the top crowned with a dense tuft of tawny bristles, within which

arises the white silky coma 1 to 1:8 in. long; testa rather thick, ribbed,

densely villous, with tawny hairs.

Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1080, 1086; Derry 1096.

JoHoRE: Redley 11132. StnaaporE: Ridley 152, 2722, 3602, 4433,

4960, 6523; ? Kunstler 198; Hullett 509.

DouBTFUL SPECIES.

7. URCEOLA RETICULATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ;

branchlets nearly black, smooth, slightly angled; all parts glabrous

except the inflorescence and extreme innovations. Leaves elliptic ;

abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at

base, shining on the upper surface, often plicate; margin recurved ;

3°5 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib strong, prominent beneath,

slightly impressed above ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, impressed above,

prominent beneath, at an angle of 70° with the midrib, at first straight,

then curved to meet in a conspicuously looped intramarginal nerve ;

secondary nerves few, short; reticulations transverse, very prominent,

especially beneath ; petiole ‘5 to nearly 1 in. long, slender, articulate

near the base. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, tawny-puberulous,

trichotomous, very much 5- to 6-pinnately paniculate, reaching 12 in. in

length and nearly the same in breadth, but in some cases and especially

when axillary very much smaller; peduncles and their branches variable

in length, but always long, slender, flattened; ultimate cymules, sub-

umbellately corymbose; bracts leafy, gradually diminishing ; bracteoles

small, ovate-lanceolate to ovate; buds globose, minute. Calyx-tube

short; lobes as long as tube, ‘03 in. long, ovate, acute. Corolla globose ;

tube scarcely any ; lobes ovate ‘06 in. long, glabrous within except for

the tufts of hair between the stamens. <Anthers sagittate ; tip flattened,

membranous ; spurs as long as the upper part; filaments very short.

Ovary villous, style obconical ; stigma conical, bilobed. Fut not known.

Manacca: Pun Bebas 122. Sineapore: Ridley 2745, 5628.

8. Urcrota ? branches and leaves glabrous; bark black when dry ;

478 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

leaves 2 to 2°5 in. long by ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad, elliptic- or ovate-lanceo-

late, obtusely acuminate, narrowed into the petiole, firmly coriaceous ;

pale brown, shining above; nerves 3 to 4 pairs, very slender, ascending ;

follicles horizontal, 6 to 8 in. long by ‘25 in. broad, slightly curved,

cylindric from the base, narrowed at the apex, hard; seeds -3 to °35 in.

long, very slender, narrowed into a filiform process longer than the

body, on which the fine pale brown hairs of the coma are placed.

Hook f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 659.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1069.

We can do nothing to throw any further light on this remarkable plant. The

structure of the seeds resembles that of those of Kickwxia, but otherwise the plant is

quite unlike that genus.

21. ParamertiA, Benth.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely 3-nately whorled.

Flowers small, in broad lax terminal or axillary panicles. Calyx small,

5-fid or 5-partite, with many glands at the base within. Corolla hypocra-

teriform or subeampanulate ; tube short, broad at the mouth, naked; lobes

5, oblique, twisted, overlapping to the left. Stamens inserted at the base

of the corolla, included; filaments short; anthers lanceolate-sagittate,

acute or apiculate, conniving over and adhering to the stigma; cells

spurred at the base. Disk of 5 connate scales. Ovary of 2 distinct

carpels, longer than the disk, many-ovuled; style short, top obconical ;

stigma conical, with a minute nearly entire apiculus. Fyrwt of 2 long,

slender, distantly torulose, follicular mericarps. Seeds linear or oblong,

compressed, slightly or not contracted at the apex, crowned with short

persistent bristles and a long deciduous coma; testa hairy; albumen

scanty; cotyledons oblong, leafy; radicle short or long. — DistTRIB.

India and Malaya, about 4 to 5 species.

Leaves under 6 in. long ; inflorescence in loose paniculate cymes.

Leaves few- (5 to 7 pairs) nerved; inflorescence nearly

glabrous; follicles 6 to 12 in. long; swellings opposite the

seeds short; seeds under ‘5 in. long, pubescent .. .. IL. P. glandulifera.

Leaves many- (8 to 10 pairs) nerved; inflorescence very

tawny-pubescent ; follicles 20 to 24 in. long; swellings

opposite the seeds elongate; seeds 1 in. long, glabrous or

slightly pubescent Be ee :

Leaves over 6 in. long; inflorescence in dense paniculate cymes;

follicles 11 to 14 in. long; swellings opposite the seeds short ;

seeds ‘4 in. long, glabrous .. bm a .. 3 P densiflora.

2. P. polyneura.

1. PARAMERIA GLANDULIFERA, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 715 (1876). A

large climbing shrub; branchlets stout or slender, brown, smooth.

Leaves chartaceous, opposite or sometimes 3-nately whorled, elliptic,

oblong or obovate, abruptly acuminate at apex, widely cuneate at base;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 479

glabrous and shining on the upper surface, somewhat paler on the lower,

glabrous except for tufts in the axils of the main nerves, not always

found; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad;

midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 7

pairs, arched upwards to and along the margin, where they anastomose,

rather indistinct, as are the secondary nerves and reticulations ; petiole

short, -1 to :2 in. long, stout. Cyme-panicles terminal or axillary to the

upper leaves, trichotomous, glabrous or slightly puberulous; branches

spreading, slender ; terminal cymules subumbellately corymbose ; bracts

leafy ; bracteoles very small, ovate-acute ; buds oblong, clavate; flowers

white, fragrant. Calyx-lobes ovate, ciliate, puberulous outside, -05 in.

long, with minute, inconspicuous, subulate glands at the base inside.

Corolla campanulate; tube -125 in. long, puberulous without; lobes

rather longer than the tube, rotate, twisted to the right, obtuse.

Anthers very small, apiculate, the spurs long; filaments short, with a

broad base. Ovary minutely hairy; style obconical. follicles very

slender, flexuous, 6 to 12 in. long, glabrous, acuminate, diverging at up

to 60° and then curving to run parallel to each other; swellings from

‘75 to 1-25 in. apart, short; pericarp thin, smooth; placenta enlarged

opposite the seeds. Seeds oblong, concave on the ventral surface, -4 to

‘dO in. long, ending in a tuft of brown bristles, and a silky coma about

1 in. long; testa pubescent, thin; albumen scanty; cotyledons ovate,

"15 in. long, very thin, foliaceous; radicle -125 in. long, slender,

cylindric. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 255 and For. Fl. IT.

660; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IIT. 660. Hedysanthera glandulifera, A. DC.

Prodr. VIII. 443; Wight Ic. t. 1307 (H#. Groffithi in text); Maiq. FI.

Ind. Bat. IT. 482. H. barbata, Mig. l.c. 431. Echites ? glandulifera and

montlifera, Wall. Cat. 1659, 1660; G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 75.

Parsonsia barbata, Bl. Bijd. 1042.

Penane: Curtis 1142. Matacca: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1077,

1093; Cantley ; Derry 920, 943. Stneapore: Wallich 1660; Lobb.—

Distris. Burma, Andaman Islands, Java, Borneo (Haviland 1993,

2056, &c.; Motley 776), Philippines, Cambodia.

2. PARAMERIA POLYNEURA, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 660 (1882).

A slender climbing shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence and innova-

tions ; branches stout, with dark-brown, rough, lenticellate, horizontally

ridged bark; branchlets slender, minutely tawny puberulous. Leaves

membranous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or -obovate, abruptly short-

acuminate at apex, narrowed and at length rounded at base; dark

brown and shining above, paler beneath, and very red-brown and

reticulate when dry, puncticulate ; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in.

long, 1:25 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib prominent on the lower, impressed

480 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

on the upper surface; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair very

near the edge, starting at an angle of about 65° with the midrib,

curving upwards to and along the margin, where they anastomose,

raised beneath, as are the numerous secondary nerves and the promi-

nent transverse reticulations; main nerves usually with a tuft of hair

in their axils; petiole -1 to -2 in. long, articulate near the base. Inflo-

rescence paniculate, terminal, sessile, trichotomous, 4- to 5-pinnate,

tawny-puberulous, usually about 6 in. long and 6 to 8 in. broad;

primary branches 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, flattened; subsequent branches

gradually shorter; pedicels short, -1 in. long, slender; cymules corym-

bose ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles very minute, ovate; buds shortly clavate ;

flowers white, with a pink throat. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate,

acute, ciliate, about -04 in. long; glandular scales minute, generally

subulate. Corolla-tube campanulate, contracted at the base, -1 in. long,

glabrous within, sparsely pubescent without; lobes ovate-oblique, twisted

to the right, rotate in flower, as long as tube. Anthers very small, with

a triangular membranous tip. Dusk faintly 5-lobed. Ovary villous;

style obconical; stigma conoidal. Jollicles slender, straight, 20 to

24 in. long, glabrous, acuminate, diverging at 60° to 90° and then

slightly curving to lie parallel; the swellings opposite the seeds elongate,

1 in. long and about 2 in. apart from centre to centre; pericarp thin,

smooth ; placenta enlarged opposite the seeds which embrace it. Seeds

fusiform, 1 to 1:25 in. long, concave on the ventral surface, ending in a

somewhat dilated cup-shaped tip, which bears a silky white coma up to

2in. long; testa thin, minutely pubescent ; albumen scanty ; cotyledons

oblong, °2 in. long; radicle cylindric, as long as cotyledons.

Prenane: Curtis 1455, 3025. Prarax: Wray 2308, 3459; Scortechine

58, 1838 ; King’s Collector 3337, 3640, 5687, 7491. Manacca: Groffth; .

Maingay (K.D.) 1078; Hervey ; Derry 1013, 1206; Goodenough 1241 ;

Ridley 10790. Sincarore: Ridley 2718, 2721; Cantley 140; Hullett

849.—Distris. Tenasserim (Lobb); Borneo (Haviland 1598, 1796;

Fraser 255); Sumatra (Forbes 2951).

3. PARAMERIA DENSIFLORA, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1520 (1886). A

shrub; branchlets stout, about -25 in. in diameter, fistular, densely

rusty-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous; obovate, oblong or oblanceolate,

abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate and at last rounded at base,

glabrous and shining on the upper surface, sparsely pilose on the lower

surface, especially on the nerves; margins recurved; 5 to 8 in. long,

1:75 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, at an

angle of about 30° with the midrib; at first nearly straight, then

curving upwards to anastomose near the margin, impressed above ;

_ secondary nerves short ; reticulations ‘transverse, distant, not promi-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 481

nent; petiole stout, channelled, about -2 in. long. Inflorescence termi-

nal, or axillary to the upper leaves, rusty-pubescent, densely corymbosely

paniculate, sessile, reaching 6 in. in length, and about 4 to 5 in. in

breadth; main peduncles 1 to 1°65 in. long, flattened, stout; branches

opposite or verticellate, also flattened, as are the minor and much

shorter branches; pedicels slender, about -15 in. long; bracts leafy;

bracteoles small, ovate, acute; buds broadly clavate. Calyx very

small; lobes ovate, acute, pubescent without, glabrous within, :03 in.

long; scales 3 to 5 to each lobe, obscure. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube

rather slender, minutely pubescent without, -15 in. long; lobes ovate-

oblique, twisted to the right, glabrous. Anthers apiculate; filaments

very short. Ovary almost glabrous; style short, obconic; stigma

conical. follicles slender, 11 to 14 in. long, nearly at right angles

and curved inwards, distantly torulose, the spaces 1 to 1:25 in. long

the swellings ellipsoid, ‘5 in. long; interspaces less near the tip; peri-

carp brown, minutely rusty-puberulous at first, afterwards glabrescent.

Seeds 10 to 12, -4 in. long, oblong, curved, obtuse at the tip, glabrous,

dark reddish brown, the tip with a tuft of tawny bristles surrounding a

white silky coma 1 in. long; integuments 2, the outer hard.

PENANG: on Cities Hill, Curtis 158; Hullett 159.

22. KCDYSANTHERA, Hook. & Arn.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, acuminate with distant

main nerves. Flowers small, white or pink, in terminal or axillary lax

trichotomous paniculate cymes. Calyx small, deeply 5-fid, with few or

no glandular scales at the base within. Corolla suburceolate, the throat

naked; lobes 5, very short, obtuse, overlapping to the right, hardly

twisted. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, included ;

filaments short; anthers sagittate, conniving over and adhering to the

stigma; cells produced at the base in empty spurs. Disk annular.

Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk; style short; stigma

obpyriform; ovules many. Fyrwt of 2 divaricate, terete, acuminate

follicular mericarps. Seeds few, oblong or linear, compressed, little

contracted at the apex and crowned by a persistent ring of short hairs

and a long deciduous coma; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong or

ovate, leafy; radicle short——Duistris. India, Malaya and Southern

China ; about 4 or 5 species.

Cymes terminal, branches rather stout; leaves with main

nerves very oblique (45°) to the midrib . : .. Ll. E. micrantha.

Cymes lateral, branches slender ; eee with main nerves at

about 60° with the midrib .. - 58 .. 2. E. multiflora.

482 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. EcpYsANTHERA micRANTHA, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 442 (1844).

A large climbing shrub; branches slender, pendulous, lenticellate ;

branchlets brown, terete, lenticellate; imnovations sometimes puber-

ulous. Leaves membranous; ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,

obtusely acuminate at apex, acute or cuneate at base; glabrous on both

surfaces, often reddish-brown when dry; 2 to 7in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad;

midrib slender; main nerves 3 to 5 pairs, at about 45° with the midrib,

curved upwards to and along the margin and prominently connected by

the transverse reticulations, often with a small tuft of hairs in the axils

beneath ; petiole ‘3 to -5 in. long, somewhat twisted. Cymes puberulous,

trichotomous, reaching about 5 in. in length and breadth; main

peduncles stout, variable ; branch peduncles spreading, 1 to 2 in. long;

cymules corymbose, many-flowered ; pedicels slender, short, about ‘lin.

long; bracts linear, caducous ; bracteoles very small, ovate-acute ; buds

ovoid. Calyx very small; lobes ovate, acute, pubescent, ciliate. Corolla

urceolate, glabrous, very small (‘05 in. long); lobes falcate, spreading.

Anthers obtuse, sometimes with a small apiculus. Ovary puberulous,

twice as long as the disk. /ollicles 3 to 4 in. long, °75 in. broad

near the base, horizontal, slightly recurved, narrowed from above

the base to the point; exocarp fleshy, punctate; endocarp shining,

crustaceous. Seeds elliptic-lanceolate, °75 in. long, -25 in. broad, com-

pressed, narrowed above and bearing a ring of short tawny bristles and

ending in a white silky coma 1:5 to 2:5 in. long; testa rusty-pubescent,

thin; cotyledons oblong, leafy, about -3 in. long; radicle cylindric, about

15 in. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 662; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 451.

EL. brachiata, A. DC. lc. 443; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. i.

255, and For. Fl. Il. 189; Mig. l. c. 452. Hehites ? micrantha and

brachiata, Wall. Cat. 1667, 1668; G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 75.

Perak: Scortechim.—Distris. India (Sikkim, Assam, Khasia Hills

and Cachar), Burma.

The only specimen available is rather a poor one, but we see no reason to doubt

its identity. The description of the fruit and seeds is taken from Indian specimens.

2. ECDYSANTHERA MULTIFLORA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large

climbing shrub; branchlets pendulous, terete, prominently lenticellate ;

innovations slightly puberulous. Leaves membranous, ovate or ovate-

lanceolate, long acuminate often abruptly and obtusely at apex the

acumen oblique, attenuate and almost rounded at base; glabrous on

both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in.

broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves

4 to 5 pairs, the lowest close to the margin, all at about 60° with the

midrib and curving upwards to and along the margin and connected by

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 483

the parallel transverse reticulations, often with minute tufts of hair in

the axils beneath; petiole -4 to ‘6 in. long, slender, articulate. Cymes

lateral, trichotomous, rusty-puberulous. very many-flowered, reaching

6 in. or even more in length and breadth; main peduncles 1 to 2°5 in.

long, slender; branches many, slender, gradually lessening; ultimate

ceymules corymbose ; pedicels filiform, -1 to -2 in. long; bracts none or

very caducous; bracteoles minute, ovate-acuminate; buds oblong. Calyx-

lobes ovate acute, with minute glands at the base within, pubescent

without. Corolla urceolate, ‘06 in. long; lobes short, very slightly

twisted to the left. Anthers acuminate, basal spurs rather long. § Fruit

not seen.

Perak: on Lartit Peak at 2000 to 3000 ft., King’s Collector 2294,

2401.

23. CHoNEMORPHA, G. Don.

Stout woody climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, broad, with arching

pinnate nerves. Flowers large, white, in lax terminal and pseudo-

axillary, bracteolate, paniculate cymes. Calyx tubular, 5-fid or -partite,

with a ring of glands at the base inside. Corolla hypocrateriform ;

tube cylindric, but slightly expanded both at base and apex, without

scales; lobes 5, broad, overlapping to the right, twisted sharply to the

left. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the throat of the corolla; fila-

ments very short, broad, villous; anthers sagittate, acuminate, connivent

over and adhering to the stigma, their cells shortly spurred at the base.

Disk thick, annular or cupular, entire or 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct

carpels; ovules many; style filiform, cleft at the base; stigma conoid or

sub-clavate. Frwt of 2 long, straight, woody, parallel, triquetrous

follicular mericarps. Seeds ovoid or oblong, flat, produced in a beak,

which is again surmounted by a long silky coma; albumen thin;

cotyledons flat, thick, oblong; radicle short.—Disrris. India and

Malaya; 2 to 3 species.

CHONEMORPHA MACROPHYLLA, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 76

(1838). A large climbing shrub with copious milky juice ; branches stout,

warty; branchlets stout, soft, fistular, pubescent, becoming glabrous in age.

Leaves coriaceous; broadly elliptic to elliptic-obovate or suborbicular,

blunt, notched or shortly abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded or

cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous or glabrescent when old, the

lower pubescent, hirsute or tomentose when young; margins slightly

recurved; 6 to 10 in. long, 3-5 to 6 in. broad; midrib very stout,

impressed above, prominently raised beneath; main nerves spreading,

8 to 10 or sometimes 12 pairs, at variable distances and irregular and

often branched, prominently raised beneath ; secondary nerves many,

484 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

joining the irregular transverse reticulations, all much raised beneath ;

petiole stout, 5 to 15 in. long. Panicles up to 10 in. long and 8 in.

broad, pubescent; peduncles stout, 3 to 4 in. long; branches also stout,

angled or flattened, more or less racemose; bracteoles ovate, acute,

persistent; pedicels about ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, usually shorter than the

calyces; buds clavate, the tip acute; flowers white. Calyx tubular,

wider than the corolla-tube and less than half its length; the mouth

with 5 short rounded or subacute teeth. Corolla 3 in. or more across;

tube °75 to 1 in. long, villous within in 5 bands between the stamens;

lobes spreading, obovate-cuneate. Anthers ‘d in. long. F'ollicles 12 to

18 in. long, straight, boldly 3-angled, the tips ineurved, ‘75 to 1 in.

broad; pericarp woody. Seeds about 1 in. long, ovate below, narrowed

half-way up into a beak and again expanded to receive the coma, which

is softly white silky and 2°5 in. long; albumen very thin; cotyledons

ovate-oblong, thick, ‘5 in. long; radicle cylindric, slender, :25 in. long.

A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 4380; Wight Ic. t. 432; Brandis For. Fl. 328; Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 257, and For. Fl. II. 187; Migq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 444; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 661; Trimen FI. Cey].

III. 188; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 139; Prain Beng. Plants 678. C. mollis,

Mig. lc. Hchites macrophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 13; Wall. Cat. 1657.

HE. grandis, Wall. Cat. 1658; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 147, “ Belitta-

kdka-kodt,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. tt. 5, 6.

Penane: firdley 3441; Curtis 882. Perak: Wray 2188, 2685,

3661; Scortechint 921; King’s Collector 3636, 6000, 7304, 10574.

Matuacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1074; Derry 543.—Disrrip. India, Ceylon,

Malay Archipelago.

24. Ruyncnoptis, Benth.

Large climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, broad, penni-

nerved. lowers in lax, broad, axillary or subterminal, paniculate

cymes. Calyx 5-partite or -fid; lobes about as long as tube; glandular

scales many. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube enlarged opposite the

stamens, contracted at the throat, villous; lobes large, twisted, obliquely

obcuneate or obovate-faleate, twisted to the left, overlapping to the

right. Stamens inserted on the middle of the tube; filaments broad,

short; anthers sagittate, conniving round and adhering to the stigma;

cells with narrow incurved spurs. Disk annular, 5-fid. Ovary of

2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk; style slender, with an ovate

truncate top; stigma columnar. /Frwit of 2 narrow parallel com-

pressed follicular mericarps. Seeds ovate or oblong, compressed, pro-

duced in a slender beak which is crowned by a deciduous coma;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 485

albumen none; cotyledons oblong; radicle short, superior.—Distrip.

One species, from India to China.

RuayncnoprA Watuicuu, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 720 (1876). A large

climbing shrub; branehes distantly tubercled; branchlets glaucescent,

rough, lenticellate, the scars of fallen leaves prominent. Leaves mem-

branous ; elliptic-ovate or -oblong, cuspidately or caudately acuminate

at apex, cuneate sometimes unequally at base or occasionally rounded

or even cordate; glabrous and shining above, glabrous or puberulous

beneath; 5 to 9 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, raised

beneath; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle of about

50° with the midrib and curving upwards to and along the margin,

where they anastomose to form a looped intramarginal nerve, raised

beneath as are the few secondary nerves and the rather prominent

transverse reticulations ; petiole -75 to 1 in. long, slender, grooved, with

small auricle-like stipular glands at the base. Cymes lax, axillary or

subterminal, di-tri-chotomous, puberulous, reaching 5 in. long and about

7 in. in breadth ; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long, slender, angled, puberulous

or glabrous; branches long, slender, ultimate cymules subumbellate ;

pedicels -3 to ‘5 in. long; bracts oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, caducous ;

bracteoles at the bases of the pedicels, ovate-lanceolate, scarious, °1 in.

long; buds clavate with conical tip; flowers white tinged with pink.

Calyx campanulate; tube ‘1 to ‘15 in. long, furnished with many broad

bifid scales at the base within; lobes linear-oblong, ciliate, obtuse,

as long as the tube, margins reflexed. Corolla-tube broadly inflated

opposite the stamens, d-angled, -25 in. long, villous within, the throat

narrowed; lobes obovate-falcate, about -d in. long, slightly villous on

the inner face. Anthers :15 in. long; spurs very slender. follicles

12 to 18 in. long, pendulous. Seeds ovate-oblong ; body °d in. long;

beak very slender, as long as body, crowned by a white silky coma

1:5 in. long; testa leathery, keeled on one side; cotyledons fleshy,

flattened, 3 in. long, -1 to ‘15 in. broad; radicle thick, cylindric. Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. III. 667. Rhyncospermum Wallichii and Rf. ellapticum,

A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 431. Hchites rhyncosperma, Wall. Pl. As. Rar.

I. 43, t. 49; Cat. 1665. ZH. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 1666. LH. verticals,

Herb. Ham. Cercocoma Wallichiz, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 445; Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 255, and For. Fl. I. 187.

KepaH: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 3203. Prax: Scortechini

1774; King’s Collector 5635, 8790.—Disrris. India (Sikkim Himalaya,

Assam), Burma, Tonkin.

25. ANODENDRON, A. DC.

Large glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, with distant

486 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

nerves. Flowers in axillary or terminal trichotomous leafy paniculate

cymes. Calyx small, 5-partite, glandular or not within. Corolla hypo-

crateriform; the tube cylindric, little dilated opposite the stamens; the

mouth contracted, without scales; lobes narrow, overlapping to the

right, twisted to the left, conical and spirally striate in bud. Stamens

inserted below the middle of the tube; filaments very short; anthers

sagittate, connivent round and adhering to the stigma; the cells shortly

spurred at the base. Dzsk annular or cupular, entire or undulate.

Ovary of 2 distinct carpels sunk in the disk and attached to it by their

backs at the base, many-ovuled ; style very short; stigma thick, coni-

eal, bi-lobed. Fruit of 2 divaricate acuminate follicular mericarps.

Seeds few, ovoid or oblong, compressed, beaked, tipped with a long

coma which extends down the upper part of the beak more or less;

albumen usually copious; cotyledons ovate, subcordate, flat; radicle

superior.—Distris. India and Malaya; about 7 species.

Flowers in many-branched, many-flowered, cymes, usually 6-in.

long or more ; buds under ‘25 in. long; leaves coriaceous, more

than 4 in. long and 1° in. broad, with prominent nerves :—

Main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, about -5 in. apart; corolla-lobes

villous within and at the throat, over -1 in. long; follicles

with thick pericarp; seeds obovoid, beak -25 in. long, the coma

shortly decurrent only .. 5 -. L. A. paniculatum.

Main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, about 15 to 1 in. Raitt corolla-

lobes nearly glabrous within and at the throat, -05 in. long ;

follicles with thin pericarp; seeds oblong, beak 1 in. long,

the coma decurrent on the upper half.. : .. 2. A. Candolleanum.

Flowers in few-branched, few-flowered, generally aeilere cymes,

usually under 1 in. long; buds at least -5 in. long; leaves char-

taceous, usually under 4 in. long and 1°5 in. broad, with slender

nerves ; follicles with thin pericarp; the seeds obovoid, the

beak over 1 in. long, coma decurrent on the upper half, very

long . - .. 93 A. pauciflorum.

Blower in fehneied: cor hibiiee: feomitl cymes edchine 3 in.

in length; buds -4 to ‘5 in. long; leaves coriaceous, under 3-5 in.

long and 1-75 in. broad, with nerves nearly at right angles to the

midrib B 4. A. Wrayi.

Flowers in axillary, J penvtonlic' on Benched cymes SROnIE 2°5 in.

in length; buds ‘225 in. long; leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceo-

late, reaching 3°5 to 5-5 in. long and 1 to 1:5 in. broad, with

nerves at about 75° with the midrib... aes .. 0. A. lanceolatum.

1. ANoDENDRON PANICULATUM, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 444 (1844). A

very large climbing shrub with greyish-brown bark; branchlets stout,

rather fleshy, dark brown, glabrous, terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous ;

ovate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 487

cuneate and rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins slightly

recurved ; 4 to 8 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed and

keeled above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, parallel, °4 to

‘6 in. apart along the midrib, starting at an angle of from 60° to 70°

with the midrib and arching upwards to and along the margin where

they anastomose; secondary nerves few, short, between the main nerves;

reticulations transverse, conspicuous only in young leaves when dry;

petiole ‘5 in. long, stout, slightly winged. Cymes axillary and terminal,

repeatedly trichotomously branched, reaching about 10 in. in length and

6 in. in breadth, glabrous; peduncles slender, angled, ‘5 to 1 in. long;

successive branchings similar but shorter; ultimate cymules 3-flowered;

bracts similar to the leaves and gradually smaller; bracteoles ovate

acute, in pairs at the bases of the upper cyme-branches and of the

pedicels, which are about :05 to ‘1 in. long; buds conical, striated spirally

by the twisted lobes of the corolla; flowers white or pale yellow. Calyx-

lobes ovate, rounded, ciliate, the margins somewhat scarious, ‘06 in.

long; scales none or very minute. Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated op-

posite the stamens and then contracted at the throat, -06 in. long; lobes

oblong falcate, villous within and at the throat, ‘1 to 125 in. long,

twisted sharply to the left. Amnthers sagittate, acuminate, ‘04 in. long;

spurs short. Disk cupular, entire, undulate, nearly enclosing the

adherent glabrous carpels. Style almost none; stigma conical with an

annular base. Jollicles hard, woody, divergent in one line, 3 to 6 in.

long, ‘0 to °75 in. broad near the base and thence narrowed to the blunt

tip. Seeds few, obovoid, flattened, ‘5 to 1 in. long; beak -25 in. long,

slender, slightly broadened at the tip, and bearing a 2 in. long white-

silky spreading coma which extends a short way down the tip; testa

dark brown, thin; albumen copious; cotyledons oblong, rounded,’4 in. long

by °25 in. broad, prominently nerved; radicle cylindric, ‘15 to -2 in. long.

Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 147; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI.

ii. 255, and For. Fl. II. 188; Wight Ic. t. 1809 (fruzt and seeds only);

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 668; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 454; Trimen FI.

Ceyl. III. 141; Cooke Fl. Bomb. Il. 141; Prain Beng. Plants 679.

Echites pamculata, Roxb. El. Ind. Il. 17; Wight Ic. t. 396. ZH. coriacea,

Wall. Cat. 1586. H. manubriata and EH. polyantha, Wall. Cat. 1663,

1664. “Kaka-kodt,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. t. 8.

JUNKSEYLON (Tongka): at Puket, Curtis 2933. Pmnana: Curtis

1740.—Distris. Western India, Ceylon, Hastern Bengal, Burma, Malay

Archipelago, Philippines.

2. ANODENDRON CANDOLLEANUM, Wight Ic. t. 1309 (1850) (ez-

cluding fruit and seeds). A very large glabrous climbing shrub;

branches stout, rather fleshy, somewhat angular, light brown; branch-

488 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

lets terete, darker. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic, abruptly cuspidate

acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at base; pale beneath, glabrous

on both surfaces, margin recurved; in old leaves slightly cartilaginous ;

5 to 9 in. long, 2 to 5 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed and keeled on

the upper, raised on the lower, surface; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the

lowest near the margin, the rest parallel, yellowish, very stout and

prominent, about -75 to 1 in. apart along the midrib in old leaves,

raised above, starting at from 75° to 80° with the midrib and curving

only near the margin and along it; secondary nerves few; reticulations

transverse, not prominent, impressed when dry; petiole 1:5 to 2 in.

long, stout, twisted, keeled above. Cymes terminal and axillary, re-

peatedly 3-chotomously branched, reaching about 9 in. in length and 4 to

5 in. in breadth; peduncles terete, 1 to 1:5 in. long; branch peduncles

long, slender, somewhat flattened; ultimate cymules in corymbose

clusters ; pedicels ‘1 to ‘15 in. long ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles ovate, acute,

scarious, very small, caducous, in pairs at the nodes and below the

pedicels; buds conical, spirally striate; flowers reddish or reddish-

brown. Calyx-lobes ovate, somewhat acute ; the margins scarious, not

ciliate, 05 in. long; scales 0. Corolla-tube cylindrical, scarcely dilated,

‘05 in. long; lobes oblong falcate, glabrous except the slightly puberulous

mouth, ‘05 in. long, twisted sharply to the left. Amnthers sagittate,

acute, ‘04 in. long; spur short. Disk cupular, entire, undulate, nearly

enclosing the glabrous carpels. Style short, slender; stigma conical

with an annular base. follicles slender, straight, 6 to 7 in. long, “4 in.

broad at the broadest one-third of the length up, long-acuminate,

slightly turned backwards ; pericarp chartaceous, smooth. Seeds oblong,

flattened, the margins incurved, about 1 in. long, produced in a slender

beak of the same length, the upper half of which is furnished with a

white silky coma 2 to 2°5 in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen

copious ; cotyledons ovate, acute, ‘75 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, prominently

nerved; radicle :2 to :25 in. long, cylindric, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III.

669; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 455. A. rubescens, Teysm. & Binnend. Cat.

Hort. Bogor.

Prenane: West Hill, Curtis 2258. Prrax: King’s Collector 5558,

6516, 7900, 8702. Manacca: Capt. Wight; Maingay (K.D.) 1087.—

Distris. Borneo.

3. ANODENDRON PAUCIFLORUM, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 669 (1882).

A climbing shrub; branches smooth glabrous; branchlets terete, dark

brown. Leaves chartaceous ; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely

acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; glabrous on both sur-

faces, greenish above and reddish-brown beneath when dry; margins

thin, pale when dry or cartilaginous ; 3 to 4 occasionally to 5 in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 489

1:25 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender ; main nerves slender, 8 to 10 pairs,

at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, slightly curved to and along

the margin; reticulations indistinct; petiole stout, ‘2 to ‘3 in. long,

winged by the decurrent edges of the blade. Cymes terminal and

axillary, much shorter than the leaves (rarely °75 to 1 in. long), few-

(3-to 15-) flowered ; peduncles stout, usually -5 in. long; branches

trichotomous, very short, corymbose; pedicels very short; bracts and

bracteoles ovate, crowded, small; buds clavate, tip conical, acute and

much striate by the twisted corolla-lobes; flowers white or yellowish.

Calyx-lobes ovate, ciliate, :1 in. long; scales minute, between the lobes.

Corolla-tube cylindric, dilated below opposite the stamens, gradually

attenuate upwards to the narrow throat, ‘3 in. long; lobes linear-lanceo-

late, faleate, glabrous without, slightly pubescent within, much

twisted to the left, as long as tube. Amthers sagittate, with a hyaline

apex; filaments very short, broad. Disk cupular, glabrous, undulate.

Stigma sessile, pyriform. follicles straight, divaricate at about 100°

to 120°, 4 to 5 in. long, ‘6 to ‘7 in. broad a little above the rounded base,

then narrowed to the acuminate, slightly incurved tip; pericarp thick,

smooth, dark green. Seeds obovoid, ‘6 in. long by °3 in. broad, flat, slightly

hooked below, narrowed above to a long slender beak of 1 to 1:25 in. long,

the upper half of which is furnished with a spreading white-silky coma 3

to 3°d in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen rather scanty; cotyledons

ovate, ‘45in.long by -2 to‘25 in. broad, fleshy; radicle cylindric, ‘25 in. long.

Prenane: Maingay (K.D.) 1101; Curtis 663, 1457, on Government

Hill at 1000 to 2000 ft. Prurax: Wray 2105, 2569; King’s Collector,

0087, 5099.

4. ANODENDRON Wrayi, King & Gamble, n.sp. A climbing shrub ;

branches stout, fleshy, with fibrous inner bark and grey outer bark

studded with minute lenticels. Leaves coriaceous; obovate or obovate-

oblong, rounded at apex, with a minute glandular apiculus, cuneate at

base ; both surfaces glabrous; margin cartilaginous, recurved; 2 to 3:5

in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad; midrib very stout, impressed above; main

nerves 14 to 16 pairs, parallel, at an angle of 80° or more with the

midrib, straight and only slightly curved near the margin, raised above;

secondary nerves occasional; reticulations indistinct; petiole -1 to ‘2 in.

long, stout, wrinkled. Cymes terminal, corymbose, 3-chotomous, reach-

ing about 3 in. long and broad; peduncles about ‘6 in. long ; branches as

long ; pedicels slender, -3 in. long; buds clavate, tips conical, striated by

the twisted corolla-lobes; flowers greenish yellow. Calyx-lobes ovate,

acute, ‘06 in. long, glabrous, with 3 to 4 rounded scales at the base of

each. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly constricted in the middle above

the stamens, ‘25 in. long, glabrous without, densely pubescent within ;

490 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobes ovate, -2 to -25 in. long, rounded, densely tomentose within,

twisted to the left. Stamens inserted just above the base of the

corolla-tube ; filaments very short; anthers sagittate; spurs incurved, as

long as the pollen-bearing cells. Disk cupular, glabrous, undulate.

Ovary of 2 carpels adherent to the disk; style short, obconoid at top;

stigma conoidal. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Gunong Bubu, 5000 ft., Wray 3828, 3836.

5. ANODENDRON LANCEOLATUM, King & Gamble, n.sp. A glabrous _

climbing shrub; branchlets stout, nearly black, longitudinally wrinkled

when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a blunt

acumination at apex, narrowly cuneate at base; both sufaces slightly

shining, pale brown when dry; margins recurved, broadly crispate; 3:5

to 5°5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib stout, channelled above,

prominent beneath; main nerves about 15 to 16 pairs, at about 75°

with the midrib, straight to join an inconspicuous intramarginal nerve

close to the edge; secondary nerves alternate with and similar to the

main nerves, branched above; reticulations irregular; petiole -4 to ‘d in.

broad, channelled above, the edges connivent. Cymes axillary, pani-

culate, nearly half as long as the leaves, reaching 2°5 in. long and about

1-25 in. in diameter; peduncles 1 to 1°5 in. long, flattened, with some-

times a small branch at the base, the next joint of the rachis nearly -d

in. long; side branches short, cymules close; pedicels short, variable ;

bracteoles ovate, acuminate, small; buds slender, clavate with a conical

tip, striated by the twisted corolla-lobes, ‘225 in. long; flowers pale buff

(Wray). Calyx shortly campanulate, deeply lobed; lobes ovate, acute,

ciliate, (06 in. long. Corolla-tube sub-cylindrie, dilated below, somewhat

constricted above, glabrous except at the base within, -16 in. long ; lobes

as long as tube, oblong-linear, much twisted. Stamens inserted near

the base of the tube; anthers sagittate, -06 in. long, tip obtuse or

emarginate; empty spurs slender. Dzsk cupular. Ovary of 2 carpels,

conical; style almost none; stigma conical, acuminate. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Tapa, Wray 1321.

26. CueGHORNIA, Wight.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, acu-

minate, penninerved, the main nerves straight. Flowers small, in

axillary or terminal panicled or corymbose cymes. Calyx small, 5-

partite, with 5 didymous glands alternate with the lobes. Corolla

hypocrateriform; lobes 5, overlapping to the right, twisted or not to the

left. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube, conniving

over and adhering to the stigma; filaments short; anthers sagittate, the

cells shortly spurred at the base. Dzsk of 5 scales, cleft at the apex.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 491

Ovary of 2 carpels, sunk in the disk; style short, obconical; stigma

conical, apiculate. Frwt of 2 long, acuminate, follicular mericarps.

Seeds oblong, narrowed at the ends, tipped with a deciduous coma;

albumen scanty; cotyledons linear, flat; radicle superior.—DistTRIB.

Ceylon and Malaya; about 3 species.

Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, over 1 in. broad; cymes

paniculate ; corolla-lobes linear-oblong, over ‘1 in. long .. 1. C. malaccensis.

Leaves lanceolate; cymes corymbose; corolla-lobes rounded,

under °05 in. long ue xe a sae On guacilts:

1. CLEGHORNIA MALACCENSIS, King & Gamble. A slender climbing

shrub; branchlets pale brown, terete, often curved in the internodes.

Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, abruptly obtusely

caudate-acuminate at apex, attenuate to almost rounded at base; bright

' green above, blueish-green beneath, nearly white when dry; margin

recurved ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, channelled

above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 14 pairs, slightly impressed

above, raised beneath, at about 70° to 80° sometimes at right angles to

the midrib, straight and meeting in an intramarginal looped nerve ;

secondary nerves many, one usually between each pair of main nerves ;

reticulations few, inconspicuous; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, twisted. Cymes

terminal, rarely axillary, paniculate, reaching 4 in. in length and breadth;

peduncles slender, ‘75 to 2 in. long, flattened ;. branches trichotomous,

flattened, variable; ultimate cymules subumbellate; pedicels -1 to -2 in.

long; bracteoles ovate-subulate, very small; buds oblong-clavate ;

flowers waxy, white with yellow inside. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, ciliate,

‘075 in. long. Corolla tubular-campanulate, -2 to -25 in. long, glabrous

except for a minute pubescence near the throat within; lobes as long as

tube, linear-oblong; margins incuryed, slightly twisted to the left,

Stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; filaments slender ;

anthers sagittate, pubescent on the back, bluntly apiculate; the basal

spurs long. Dvzsk of 5 slightly bifid scales. Ovary scarcely exsert from

the disk; style slender; stigma oblong, conical above and often bifid at

tip. follicles divaricate at about a right angle, 2°5 to 5 in. long, -25 in.

broad, slightly incurved, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds linear-oblong or

fusiform, ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, ending in a flattish point covered with a rather

short coma of silky hairs; testa thin, brown. Baissea malaccensis,

Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. ITT. 663.

Perak: Scortechint 40; Wray 3457; King’s Collector 5900, 8798,

10799. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1094.

2. CLEGHORNIA GRACILIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climbing

shrub, the stem reaching 1 to 2 in. in diam.; branchlets very slender:

492 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

dark brown, often curved in the internodes. Leaves membranous; lan-

ceolate, long but obtusely caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;

bright green above, paler beneath; margins cartilaginous; 2 to 3 in.

long, ‘5 to ‘7 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, at

about 70° to 80° with the midrib, straight, meeting in an intramarginal

looped nerve; secondary nerves frequent, usually one between each pair

of main nerves; reticulations indistinct; petiole slender, :25 in. long.

Cymes axillary and terminal, slender, corymbose, reaching 2 in. in length

and breadth; peduncles very slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; branches

trichotomous, capillary; pedicels -2 in. long; bracteoles very minute,

subulate ; buds clavate; flowers light yellow. Calyx-lobes orbicular,

‘04 in. in diam.; scales very small or none. Corolla urceolate, ‘1 in.

long; tube minutely white-puberulous within; lobes rounded, not

twisted, ‘04 in. long. Dusk faintly 5-lobed. Anthers blunt or slightly

emarginate at the tip, with a slender hair-like apiculus. Fruit not

seen.

PerRAK: on Cawfield’s hill, 4000 ft., Scortechint 384; at 3000 to

4000 ft., clinging to trees, King’s Collector 6351; Wray 3209.

The following Bornean species may eventually be found in the

Malay Peninsula :—

CLEGHORNIA BORNEENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub; branchlets

purplish-brown when dry, angled, smooth, glabrous. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-

obovate, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces

glabrous, the lower pale; 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised and

sharp beneath; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, parallel, starting at about 70° with the

midrid and curving gently upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves few,

chiefly between the upper main nerves; reticulations slender, oblique, more or less

parallel; both main nerves and reticulations raised on both surfaces; petiole :2 in.

long, bordered above by the crispate decurrent margins of the blade. Flowers in

axillary and pseudo-terminal, glabrous, corymbose cymes, reaching 6 in. long and

3 in. broad; peduncles slender, 5:1 to 2°5 in. long; primary branches 3-chotomous,

rest 2-chotomous; pedicels slender, variable, about ‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracteoles small,

ovate, in pairs at the axils and usually 2 in the middle of each pedicel; buds linear-

oblong; flowers yellow. Calyx campanulate; lobes ovate-acute, thin, -1 in. long,

with small scales alternate with them within at the base. Corolla-tube cylindric,

very slightly dilated at the base, slightly funnel-shaped towards the naked mouth,

‘3 in. long; lobes ovate, rounded, only very slightly twisted to the left, -15 in. long;

the tube and mouth slightly villous within. Stamens inserted at the very base of the

tube ; anthers sagittate, the spurs slender; filaments very short, thick. Disk 5-lobed,

euclosing the glabrous nearly globose carpels; style thick, obconic; stigma conical,

apiculate. Fruit not known.

Borneo: near Kuching, Haviland and Hose 2169.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 493

27. IcHNocARPUS, Br.

Climbing shrubs with opposite leaves. lowers small, in lax, many-

flowered, terminal and axillary, paniculate cymes. Calyx 5-fid, glan-

dular or not within. Corolla hypocrateriform, the throat contracted or

villous ; lobes narrowed to an obtuse point, overlapping to the right,

the upper half of each lobe deflexed in bud. Stamens inserted at

or below the middle of the corolla-tube; filaments very short ;

anthers sagittate, conniving over and adhering to the stigma; cells

spurred at the base. Dzsk free, 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels,

exserted from the disk, hairy ; ovules many; style short, top obconic ;

stigma columnar. Fruit of 2 slender, spreading or divaricate, folli-

cular mericarps. Seeds oblong, narrowed at the tip, ending in a deci-

duous coma; albumen copious; cotyledons long, flat; radicle short,

superior.—Distris. India, Malaya, Australia; species 5 or 6.

Leaves usually elliptic, acute, under 1°5 in. broad ; inflorescence

narrowly paniculate, very rusty-tomentose, under 3 in. long;

corolla-tube globose opposite the stamens, contracted above;

disk lobes capitate ; Oc ae .. LJ. frutescens.

Leaves usually ovate, obtuse or acute, over 1°5 in. broad ; inflor-

escence rather broadly paniculate, 3 to 5 in. long; rachis glabres-

cent; corolla-tube campanulate opposite the stamens, not con-

tracted above ; disk-lobes not capitate .. we .. 2. I. ovatifolius.

1. IcHNOCARPUS FRUTESCENS, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, II. 69 (1811).

A much-branched and extensively climbing shrub; branchlets slender,

tawny-pubescent; innovations fulyous-tomentose. Leaves very variable,

chartaceous ; elliptic elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate,

acute or acuminate sometimes mucronate at apex, cuneate or slightly

rounded-attenuate at base; glabrous on the upper surface, pale and softly

red-tomentose or glabrescent beneath; 2 to 4°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:5 in.

broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, curved

upwards to and along the margin; reticulations in a fine network, con-

spicuous in young leaves; petiole ‘1 to ‘3 in. long, reddish-tomentose.

Cymes paniculate, 1 to 3 in. long, terminal and axillary, often forming

an elongated leafy thyrsus at the ends of the branchlets, rusty-pubes-

cent or -tomentose ; peduncles short ; branches trichotomous ; pedicels

stout or slender, ‘1 to -2 in. long, often 3 together; bracts leafy,

caducous; bracteoles ovate, acute, very small; buds clavate, tip conical;

flowers greenish- or yellowish- white. Calyz-lobes ovate-acute or lan-

ceolate, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; glands none. Corolla-tube ‘1 in. long, cylin-

dric at base, dilated and nearly globose opposite the stamens and then

again constricted; pubescent without where dilated, glabrous within ;

mouth with slightly thickened folds and villous; lobes :15 to ‘2 in.

494 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, linear-falcate, with a twisted sparsely hirsute tip, white-hirsute

within. Stamens very small; anthers ‘05 in. long, with small spurs.

Disk with 5 linear capitate lobes. Ovary of 2 villous carpels; style

slender, ‘05 in. long; stigma globose, with a conical tip. ollzcles

very slender, cylindrical, 3 to 6 in. long, ‘1 to ‘15 in. broad, curved,

rusty-pubescent at first, afterwards glabrous; pericarp thin. Seeds

linear-cylindrie, -4 to ‘75 in. long, very slender, deeply grooved, scarcely

beaked, tipped with a scanty white coma 1 in. long; testa thin, dark

brown ; cotyledons linear, very thin, ‘3 to ‘4 in. long, very narrow;

radicle barely ‘05 in. long. A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 315; Benth. FI.

Austral. IV. 315; Wight Ic. t. 430; Wall. Cat. 1674; Brandis For. FI.

- 827; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 147; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

XLVI. ii. 256, and For. Fl. IT. 186; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 669; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 448 and Suppl. 556; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 142; Cooke

Fl. Bomb. IT. 142; Prain Beng. Plants 680. J. radicans, Wall. Cat.

1676. JI. dasycalyx, Mig. l.c. 449. Hchites frutescens, Wall. Cat.

ova; Roxb: We Tnds iy a2:

Perak: Scortechint 2199; King’s Collector 820, 7049, 10986.—

Distris. India, Ceylon, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Australia (Queensland).

2. IcHNocaRPUS ovATiFoLIus, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 435 (1844). A

climbing shrub; branchlets blackish-brown, terete ; innovations slightly

rusty-pubescent. Leaves variable, chartaceous; orbicular ovate or

elliptic, obtuse acute or cuspidate at apex, rounded or attenuate or

cuneate at base; glabrous on the upper surface, glabrous and paler on

the lower or the midrib, villous; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in.

long, 15 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above; main

nerves 0 to 6 pairs, curved upwards to and along the margin; secondary

nerves few; reticulations elegantly netted, conspicuous on the under

surface of young leaves, scarcely visible in old ones, impressed above as

are the main nerves; petiole slender, usually pubescent, -4 to °6 in. long.

Cymes paniculate, up to 5 in. long, terminal and axillary, often forming

an elongated, broad, leafy thyrsus at the ends of the branchlets; the

rachises rusty-pubescent or glabrescent; the cymules densely pubescent;

peduncles variable; branches trichotomous; pedicels stout, ‘05 to ‘1 in.

long; bracts leafy or at the uppermost nodes; bracteoles very many,

broadly ovate-acute, at the bases of the pedicels; buds obovate, tip

rounded; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; tube ‘05 in. long; lobes

ovate-acute or -acuminate, ‘06 in. long; glands none. Corolla-tube

‘l in. long, pubescent, cylindric below, then dilated opposite the

stamens; mouth not contracted, but thickened in a fold within; lobes —

‘15 in. long, linear-falcate, villous within, especially at the tips, much

twisted. Stamens very small; anthers ‘04 in. long, with small spurs, tip

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 495

acute. Disk with 5 linear-subulate, not capitate, lobes. Ovary of 2

villous carpels; style slender, ‘03 in. long; stigma globose, with a long

conical tip. ollicles cylindric, divaricate, densely rusty-pubescent.

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 670; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 449. I. affinis,

Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. & Th. JI. latefoliws, Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat.

1652. EHchites affinis, Roem. & Sch. Syst. IV. 393. Springia indica,

Muell. & Van Heurck in Plant. Nov. Van Heurck 143.

PenanG: Curtrs 810, 3082. Province WELLESLEY; Sizdley 9392.

PrerAK: Scortechini; Kunstler 181; King’s Collector 10531. Manacca :

Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1075, 1103. Panane: Ridley 2179. SELANGOR:

Ridley.—Disrrie. India (Sylhet and Khasia Hills), Sumatra, Borneo,

Celebes, Timor, Philippines.

28. AcANosmA, G. Don.

Stout evergreen climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in

many-flowered, terminal or axillary, tomentose or puberulous cymes,

large or medium-sized, often sweet-scented, usually white. Calyx

5-partite to the base or nearly so; lobes lanceolate, more or less gland-

bearing at the base within. Corolla hypocrateriform, lower part of the

tube cylindric, upper campanulate or cylindric, broader than the lower,

bearing villous longitudinal bands behind the anthers; lobes broad or

narrow, overlapping to the right, twisted more or less to the left.

Stamens inserted on the base of the upper part of the corolla-tube ;

filaments very short; anthers sagittate, conniving over and adherent to

the stigma; the cells spurred at the base, upper half only pollen-bearing.

Disk cupular or cylindric, 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, in-

cluded in or somewhat exsert from the disk, usually hirsute, many-

ovuled; style short, top urn-shaped; stigma columnar, conical at tip.

Fruit of 2 terete, straight or curved, follicular mericarps. Seeds oblong-

obovate or linear-obovate, flattened, not beaked, tipped with a deciduous

silky coma; testa thin; albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong; radicle

short, superior.—Distris. India and Malaya; about 6 species.

Calyx-glands many, opposite the lobes, which are -25 in. long;

ovary half-exsert from the disk; corolla-lobes narrow, linear ;

_ leaves with a prominent intramarginal nerve as . 1. Ad. marginata.

Calyx-glands under 5, alternate with the lobes, which are 75 to

~ 1 in. long; ovary included in the disk; corolla-lobes broad,

rhomboid; leaves without a prominent intramarginal nerve .. 2. A. calycina.

1. AGANosMA MARGINATA, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 77 (1838).

A stout scandent or subscandent shrub; branches stout, prominently

dotted with raised warts; branchlets slender, brown, lenticellate ; inno-

vations glabrous or rusty-pubescent; nodes, both of branches and

496 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branchlets, with prominent ridges. Leaves membranous; oblong-lan-

ceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex often abruptly, rounded at

base; glabrous above, glabrous or pubescent beneath; 2 to 5 in. long,

‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, channelled above, raised beneath ;

main nerves 12 to 16 pairs at an angle of about 60° with the midrib,

slightly arching to meet in a prominent intramarginal looped nerve,

the lowest 1 or 2 pairs occasionally free, raised beneath; secondary

nerves also prominent, usually one between each pair of main nerves;

reticulations netted; petiole :15 to 25 in. long, slender. Cymes terminal

or more often axillary, di-tri-chotomous, puberulous, variable in size

but reaching to about 4 in. in length and 3 in. in breadth; peduncles

about 1 to 2 in. long; branches gradually shorter; ultimate cymules

corymbose; pedicels -15 in. long; bracts caducous; bracteoles linear-

subulate, -25 in. long; buds cylindrical, slender; flowers white. Calyz-

tube almost none ; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, -25 in. long, glabrous or

pubescent, nerved, with many small subulate glands at the base within,

especially on the inner lobes. Corolla-tube cylindric above, enlarged at

the base below the stamens and sometimes slightly constricted near the

mouth, which is thickened, 25 in. long, glabrous except for 5 villous

bands behind the anthers within; lobes narrow, linear, acute, -5 to °7 in.

long. Stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; anthers

lanceolate-acuminate, -15 in. long; filaments very short. Ovary of

2 obtuse carpels, glabrous, half sunk in the disk; style slender,

annulate at top; stigma conoidal. Follicles pendulous, slender,

slightly divergent, 52 to 1°5 ft. long, :3 to ‘4 in. broad, glabrous, dark

brown, speckled, at first joined at the tip. Seeds linear-oblong, °3 in.

long, crowned with a silky coma 1:5 in. long; albumen very scanty.

Wight Ic. t. 425; A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 433; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. XLVI. ii. 256, and For. Fl. II. 186; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. ITI. 663;

Prain Beng. Plants 679. A. acwminata, G. Don l.c.; Wight Ie. t. 424;

A. DC. l.c. 484; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 447. A. macrocarpa, A. DC. l.c.

434; Mig. l.c. Hchites marginata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 15; Wall. Cat.

1661. HH. acwminata, Roxb. l.c. EH. macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 1662.

E. reticulata, Boj. Hort. Maur. 211. EH. apoxys, Voigt Hort. Sub. |

Cale. 522. ? H, cristata, Roth. Noy. Pl. 135. ? Chonemorpha cristata,

G. Don l.c. 76.

Trana: Curtis 3393; King’s Collector 1426. Kenan: on Langkawi

Island, Curtts 2792. Prnane: Curtis 664. PrraKk: Scortechini 6, 7,

68; Kung’s Collector 7321. Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1076,

1000 to 1002. Panana: Ardley in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 3219.

SinGAPORE: Murton 74.—Distris. India (Sylhet and Chittagong),

Burma, Jaya, Sumatra, Philippine Islands.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 497

2. AGcANosMa caLycina, A. DC. Prodr. VIII. 432 (1844). An im-

mense (Scortechini) climbing shrub ; branchlets stout, as thick as a

goosequill, ferruginous-puberulous; nodes faintly ringed. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, shortly and

abruptly acuminate at the rounded apex, attenuately rounded at base ;

glabrous on both sides except for a few sparse hairs beneath; margins

recurved ; 3:5 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 3°5 in. broad: midrib stout, impressed

above, raised beneath; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, starting at an angle

of about 80° to 85° with the midrib and curving upwards to and along

the margin ; secondary nerves few, inconspicuous; reticulations minutely

netted, impressed and prominent beneath ; petiole -5 in. long, articulate.

Cymes terminal, sessile, dichotomous, rusty-puberulous, corymbosely

flattened, reaching to 5 in. in length and 8 in breadth; main peduncles

1 to 3 in. long, somewhat flattened, stout; branches similar but shorter

and thinner; pedicels ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; bracts leafy, ovate-acuminate,

caducous; bracteoles lanceolate, similar to calyx-lobes; buds conical ;

flowers large, white, handsome. Calyzx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, °75

to 1 in. long, fulyous-tomentose, the inner 3 broadly keeled on the back ;

scales minute, subulate, 3 to 5 at the base within and between the

lobes. Corolla-tube cylindric, rather stout, lower part narrowed, upper

part broad and then slightly narrowed upwards, ‘4 to ‘d in. long, 5-

suleate, pubescent without, ferruginous-villous within in bands behind

the stamens; lobes rhomboid, broad, half glabrous, half tomentose, as

long as tube, twisted to the left. Stamens inserted on the broadest part

of the tube within ; filaments very short, densely villous; anthers

sagittate, very slender, ‘3 in. long; basal spurs somewhat rounded ; con-

nective pubescent. Disk glabrous, conical, 5-furrowed and -lobed, :15 in.

long, enclosing the ovary. Ovary of 2 carpels, glabrous below, long-

villous above; style slender, enlarged upwards and dilated into a villous

lobed cup; stigma conical, elongate. Frwt not seen. Kurz in Journ.

As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. ii. 256, and For. Fl. II. 186; Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IIT. 664. A. Roxburghit, G. Don Ex. Wight Ic. t. 440. A.

Wallichu, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 77. Echites calycina,

Wall. Cat. 1653. H. caryophyllata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 11.

PERAK: Scortechint 16, from Gunong Chabary; King’s Collector

10808.—Distris. Tavoy.

° 29. TRACHELOSPERMUM, Lemaire.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved. Flowers white or

purplish, in lax terminal or pseudo-axillary cymes. Calyx small, 5-

partite, with 5 to 10 small scales or glands at the base within. Corolla

hypocrateriform, the tube cylindric, dilated opposite the stamens, con-

498 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

stricted at the mouth and sometimes almost closed with the folds ;

lobes 5, oblique, twisted to the left, overlapping to the right.. Stamens

inserted above the middle of the tube, included or the apices shortly

exsert ; filaments very short, broad; anthers sagittate, shortly acuminate,

connivent around the stigma and adhering to it; the cells produced

below in sharp spurs. Dzsk annular, truncate or 5-lobed. Ovary of 2

carpels, longer than the disk; style filiform; stigma columnar, base

shortly ringed, tip conical; ovules very numerous. rut of 2

elongate incurved follicular mericarps. Seeds linear, not beaked,

crowned at the apex with a long dense coma; albumen copious;

cotyledons linear, flat; radicle short, superior.—Dtistris. India, Malaya

and Kastern Asia as far as Japan; about 8 species.

TRACHELOSPERMUM CurtTisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing

shrub ; branchlets terete, slender, uppermost with innovations and

inflorescence tawny-villous; nodes with a prominent pubescent ridge.

Leaves membranous; elliptic or elliptic-ovate, abruptly acuminate at

apex, auriculately cordate at base; strigosely hispid on both surfaces

especially on the nerves, finally glabrous; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

broad ; midrib slender, impressed and keeled in old leaves; main nerves

8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair small deflexed, the rest at about 50° to 60°

with the midrib, curved upwards to meet in an inconspicuous looped

intramarginal nerve, and joined by the prominent transverse reticu-

lations ; petiole -3 to ‘6 in. long, tawny-villous. Cymes terminal, sessile,

corymbose, tawny-villous, up to 6 in. long and 8 in. in diam.; main

branches 3 to 5; cymules congested; pedicels short, -1 to -2 in. long;

bracts leafy, caducous; bracteoles linear-subulate, densely tawny-villous

at the joints and the bases of the pedicels; buds clavate, apex conoidal ;

flowers white, very sweet-scented. Calyz-lobes linear-lanceolate, slightly

villous without, ‘1 in. long, longer than the tube, with small subulate

scales at the base between the lobes. Corolla-tube narrowed below,

then dilated opposite the stamens, then gradually narrowed to the con-

stricted mouth, ‘5 to ‘6 in. long in all, glabrous within; lobes obliquely

triangular-spathulate, dentate at apex, -4 to -5 in. long, twisted to the

left, glabrous. Stamens inserted at or a little below the middle of the

tube; filaments stout, short, rugose, decurrent below; anthers sagittate,

membranously apiculate; spurs as long as or longer than the pollen-

bearing cells, slender, incurved below. Dzsk annular, 5-lobed, fleshy ;

lobes slightly emarginate. Ovary of 2 carpels, villous above, rounded ;

style slender, gradually enlarged; stigma columnar, obscurely angled,

with a short spreading ring below and conical point. ollicles 8 to

9 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, somewhat flattened, divergent at about right

angles and curved inwards to an acute tip; pericarp scabrous-puberulous,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 499

dark brown with a reddish tinge. Seeds oblong,’7 to’8 in. long, ‘2 in. broad,

acute at base, slightly narrowed above and then broadening below the

1 to 1:5 in. long white-silky persistent coma; testa thin, dark brown;

albumen moderate ; cotyledons lanceolate, ‘5 to *6 in. long, ‘1 in. broad ;

radicle short.

PenanG: at Balick Pulau, Curtis 838. Prrax: King’s Collector 5194.

We have been a good deal in doubt of the genus of this species; in the Kew

Herbarium it was placed with Chonemorpha, but the comparatively small flowers and

different seeds distinguish it from that genus; in some respects it comes most nearly

to Epigynum, but on the whole we prefer to keep it where we first placed it in

Trachelospermum, to which genus it seems to us to come most near, especially in the

characters of the inflorescence and the fruit. There is in the Kew Herbarium a

Species (unnamed) which approaches very near to this. It has been sent from the ~

Khasia Hills (Hook. f. and Th.) ; from Manipur (Watt 7272); and from Yunan (Henry

12136). When it comes to be described with full material, it is by no means unlikely

that the two will be found to require a new genus.

30. Hpreynum, Wight.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, penninerved, the nerves arching.

Flowers canescent-tomentose, in dense subcapitate corymbose or pani-

culate leafy cymes at the ends of the branches. Calyx small, 5-fid;

the lobes narrow, eglandular or with few glands. Corolla hypocra-

teriform ; the tube elongate, dilated opposite the stamens; the throat

villous, without scales; lobes 5, twisted to the left or nearly erect, over-

lapping to the right. Stamens inserted below the middle of the tube,

included; filaments short; anthers linear-sagittate, acuminate, connivent

around the stigma and hardly adhering to it; cells spurred at the base.

Disk fleshy, 5-lobed, lining the calyx-tube. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels,

dorsally adnate to the disk and surmounted by it; style filiform; stigma

cylindric, with annular base and conical tip; ovules many in each carpel.

F'rwt of two linear terete distinct follicular mericarps sometimes torulose.

Seeds elongate, compressed, broad at the tip and crowned with a thick

coma of silky hairs; testa very thin; albumen moderate or scanty;

cotyledons oblong, narrow, foliaceous; radicle short, superior. —DIstRIB.

Malay Peninsula and Archipelago ; about 4 to 5 species.

Leaves elliptic ; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, straight at first :—

Leaves glabrous beneath except for tufts in the nerve-axils ;

corolla-tube grey-tomentose without . .. IL. EH. perakense.

Leaves tomentose beneath, not tufted in fe nervye-axils ;

corolla-tube tawny-tomentose without re . 2. H. Maingayi.

Leaves lanceolate; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, curved ; abil

tube greyish- sion tomentose :—

Teaves prominently tawny-villous in the nerve-axils and along

the midrib beneath, otherwise glabrous; flower-buds under

“75 in. long; corolla-lobes rounded at tip Be oo) By Jie Copriasics

500 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves not tufted in the nerve axils, sparsely strigose-hirsute

beneath ; flower-buds over 1 in. long; corolla-lobes squared

at tip 06 be te te .. 4. H. Ridleyi.

1. EPIGyYNUM PERAKENSE, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climbing

shrub; branchlets slender, reddish-brown, terete, uppermost and

innovations minutely puberulous; nodes ringed. Leaves membranous ;

elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, acute-

cuneate rhomboid or almost rounded at base; glabrous on both sur-

faces except for tufts of hair in the axils of the main nerves beneath ;

margins slightly recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib

slender, pale, raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, prominently

raised beneath and pale, at from 50° to 70° with the midrib, nearly

straight, meeting in a widely looped intramarginal nerve; secondary

nerves few; reticulations irregular, scanty, prominent; petiole :25 to

‘5 in. long, twisted, articulate. Cymes terminal or axillary, crowded,

grey-tomentose, trichotomous, up to about 1:5 to 2 in. long and broad ;

peduncles none or short; branch peduncles short ; pedicels about *15 in.

long; bracts leafy, caducous; bracteoles many, usually 2 to 3 to each

pedicel, ovate-acuminate, similar to the calyx-lobes; buds clavate,

twisted, -5 to °75 in. long; flowers white. Calya small, lobes

ovate-acuminate, ‘075 in. long, with minute scales at the base.

Jorolla-tube cylindric, dilated below opposite the stamens, ‘6 to

7 in. long, grey-tomentose without, slightly villous within; throat

with tufts of hair between the lobes; lobes -25 in. long, oblong,

crenulate, rounded, twisted to the left, glabrous within, glabrous on the

upper, tomentose on the lower half without. Stamens inserted a little

above the base of the tube; filaments short, slender; anthers sagittate-

acuminate with long spurs, -15 to 175 in. long. Disk annular, 5-lobed,

glabrous. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels attached by their backs to the

disk and within it; style slender; stigma cylindric, with a spreading ring

below and conical tip. Follicles 10 to 12 in. long, densely brown-

tomentose when young, tawny-puberulous when old, divaricate at about

a right angle, torulose, the swellings opposite the seeds nearly 25 in. in

diam., between them about ‘1 in.; pericarp chartaceous, thin. Seeds

slender, fusiform, 1 in. long, flattened, gradually broadening upwards to

an oblique tip, and furnished with a 1 in. long white silky coma; testa

thin, scabrous; cotyledons narrowly linear-oblong, °25 in. long ; radicle

very small, 05 in. long.

Perak: Wray 1802, 1946, 2365, 4267; Scortechint 1474; Kong’s

Collector 1971, 2324.

This species comes near to EZ. Griffithianum, Wt., but has rather different more

acuminate leaves with pale nerves when dry, and larger flowers not so villous within.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 501

2. Epigynum Marneayti, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. III. 666 (1882). A

climbing shrub; branchlets slender with ferruginous tomentum. Leaves

membranous ; elliptic, acute both at apex and at base; glabrous or

minutely puberulous on the upper, yellowish-brown-tomentose on the

lower surface ; margin slightly recurved; 3:5 to 4°d in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in.

broad; midrib stout, prominently raised beneath; main nerves 6 to

7 pairs, at about 60° with the midrib, at first nearly straight, then

slightly curving to join an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary

nerves few, inconspicuous as are the rather distant reticulations;

petiole -25 in. long, tawny-tomentose. Cymes terminal or axillary,

trichotomous, tawny-tomentose, reaching about 3 in. in length and 2 in.

in breadth; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long; main branch peduncles

‘) to °75 in. long, eymules paniculate ; pedicels -2 to -3 in. long, stout ;

bracts leafy, deciduous; bracteoles ovate-acuminate, ‘075 to -1 in. long,

3 to each pedicel; buds clavate, whitish-brown-tomentose, ‘5 to °75 in.

long; flowers white. Calyx small; lobes ovate-acuminate, ‘1 in. long, each

with about 3 subulate pubescent scales at the base within. Corolla-tube

cylindric, tawny-tomentose, slightly dilated below opposite the stamens,

gradually enlarged above, with 5 villous longitudinal lines within, ‘6 to

‘7 in. long; throat with tufts of hair between the lobes; lobes oblong,

erenulate, rounded, twisted to the left, glabrous within, glabrous on one

half and tomentose on the other half without. Stamens inserted a

little above the base of the tube; filaments slender; anthers very

narrowly sagittate, long-acuminate above and with spurs as long below,

‘175 in. long in all. Disk annular, faintly undulate on the margin,

glabrous. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels attached to the disk at their

backs and within it; style slender; stigma slender, cylindric, ‘1 in. long,

with a spreading ring below and conical point above. ollzcles 6 to

8 in. long, -15 to ‘25 in. broad, slender, cylindric, flexuous, rusty-

tomentose. Seeds fusiform, pubescent, compressed, °6 to ‘7 in. long,

obliquely truncate at top and crowned with a coma of white silky

hairs.

PERAK: in open bamboo forests, 400 to 600 ft., King’s Collector

8734. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1088. Senancor: at Kwala

Lumpor, Fzdley.

3. Epicynum Curtisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub ;

branchlets slender, terete, uppermost and innovations puberulous.

Leaves membranous; lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate and

finally rounded at base; glabrous above, glabrous beneath except along

the midrib and for the large hairy tufts in the axils of the main nerves;

margins slightly recurved; 3-5 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; midrib

slender, raised beneath ; main nerves 7. to 8 pairs. at an angle of 60°

502 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

with the midrib, curving upwards and branching to form an obscure

intramarginal looped nerve; secondary nerves not conspicuous; reticu-

lations irregular, prominent beneath; petiole -25 in. long. Cymes ter-

minal and axillary, pubescent, paniculate, few- (20- to 25-) flowered,

reaching 3 to 35 in. long and about 1:5 in. broad; peduncles none or

short, as are the branches; pedicels ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; bracts leafy,

persistent; bracteoles ovate-acute, small, 1 to 2 at the base of each

pedicel; buds elongate-clavate, ‘5 to °75 in. long; flowers white. Calyx-

tube ‘05 in. long; lobes ovate-acuminate, reflexed, with 1 or 2 small

scales at base within. Corolla-tube cylindric, slightly dilated below

opposite the stamens, greyish-tawny-tomentose without and with

pubescent lines within, ‘6 in. long; throat with a villous ring; lobes

obovate, °3 in. long, twisted slightly to left in flower, more so in bud,

glabrous within, glabrous without on upper, pubescent on lower half

which is exposed in bud. Stamens inserted a little above the base of

the tube; filaments slender; anthers narrowly sagittate, long-acuminate,

175 in. long; spurs long and slender. Disk annular, shortly lobed.

Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels attached by their backs to the disk and

within it; style slender ; stigma conical, ‘075 in. long, with a spreading

ring below. Fruit not seen.

PENANG: on the road to Penara Bukit, at 2000 ft., Cwrtes 2441.

4. Epieynum Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climber;

branchlets brown, terete, uppermost parts tawny-pubescent, nodes

slightly raised. Leaves chartaceous; lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous on the upper surface,

sparsely strigosely-hirsute on the lower, especially on the nerves; mar-

gin slightly recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender

but prominent ; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, at an angle of about 60° with

the midrib, nearly straight to meet a looped intramarginal nerve;

secondary nerves irregular ; reticulations few, transverse; petiole slender,

‘25 to ‘5 in. long, pubescent, channelled above. Cymes terminal, densely

rusty-villous; the branches sessile or pedunculate, few-flowered (7 to 8),

trichotomous ; bracts leafy, the lowest similar to the leaves, the suc-

ceeding ones smaller by degrees; bracteoles minute, ovate-acute, on the

short (‘2 to °3 in. long) pedicels; buds very slender with narrowly

conical tips, 1:5 to 1:75 in. long, densely pubescent; flowers white.

Calyz-tube short; lobes ovate, acuminate, villous without, glabrous

within, 15 in. long; scales none or very minute. Corolla-tube very

slender, enlarged below opposite the stamens, gradually widening above,

1 to 1:5 in. long; rusty-villous without, also in vertical lines within,

otherwise glabrous ; lobes rhomboid, crenate, glabrous except the lower

part outside which is exposed in bud, -25 to ‘3 in. long, twisted slightly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 503

to the left. Stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; fila-

ments *15 in. long, flattened, puberulous; anthers sagittate, ‘25 in. long,

with a membranous tip and long basal spurs. Disk 5-lobed ; lobes sparsely

long hirsute. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels within the disk ; style slender ;

stigma long cylindric, with a spreading fimbriate ring below and conical

tip. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Rawang, Ridley 7567.

The following species is here described as likely to be eventually

found in the Peninsula :—

Epicynum Forsesit, King & Gamble, n. sp, A climbing shrub; branchlets

slender, terete, uppermost minutely puberulous. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or

elliptic-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; glabrous or with

scattered hairs above, glabrous beneath ; 3-5 to 5°d in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad: mid-—

rib slender, prominent beneath; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, arching upwards to and

along the margin and meeting in an intramarginal looped nerve, raised beneath ; secon-

dary nerves many; reticulations distant, irregular; petiole ‘2 to -4 in. long, twisted.

Cymes terminal and axillary, about 20-flowered, congested, tawny-tomentose, sessile or

very shortly peduncled ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles small, ovate-acuminate, 2 to 3 at the

bases of the ‘1 in. long pedicels ; buds clavate with large conical heads ; flowers white.

Calyx-lobes ovate-acuminate, -1 to ‘15 in. long, eglandular. Corolla-tube slender,

cylindric, dilated below opposite the stamens, often twisted, 1 in. long; lobes spathu-

late, erenulate, glabrous except the part exposed in the bud, twisted to the left, -6 in.

long. Stamens inserted a little above the base; filaments short, slender; anthers

narrowly sagittate, acuminate. Disk glabrous, 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 glabrous carpels

adnate to the disk; style slender; stigma cylindric, with a spreading ring below and

conical tip. Fruit not seen.

Sumatra: near Bijin Telok, 500 ft., Forbes 3236. Haviland’s No. 3048 from —

Kuching, Borneo, resembles this very closely, but has the leaves more lanceolate and

longer acuminate.

31. Micrecuites, Mig.

Large climbing shrubs with pubescent inflorescence, otherwise

glabrous. Leaves opposite, penninerved. Flowers small, in axillary and

terminal dichotomous thyrsoid or brachiate panicled cymes. Calyx

small, deeply 5-fid or 5-partite, with obtuse lobes, many-glandular

within. Corolla subhypocrateriform; the tube ovoid-campanulate, naked

at the mouth ; lobes 5 faleate, very oblique, sometimes forked, the upper

half deflexed in bud, overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted near

the bottom of the tube, included; filaments short; anthers sagittate,

conniving round and adhering to the stigma; cells produced at the base

into empty spurs. Disk annular or cupular, entire or 5-lobed. Ovary

of 2 distinct carpels, longer than the disk; style short; stigma ovoid or

oblong, with a short obtuse apiculus; ovules very many. Fruit of 2

-divaricate, thick, subterete, follicular mericarps. Seeds generally few,

linear-oblong, compressed, not beaked, with a terminal persistent coma;

504 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

albumen scanty; cotyledons narrowly linear, elongate; radicle very

short.—Distris. India and Malaya, about 4 species.

Leaves almost coriaceous, broad; inflorescence many-branched,

many-flowered ; corolla-lobes short, often forked, reflexed -. 1. M. polyantha.

Leaves chartaceous, narrow; inflorescence scarcely branched,

very few-flowered ; corolla-lobes long, not forked, spreading .. 2. W. elliptica

var. Scortechinit.

1. MicrEcHITES POLYANTHA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 457 (1856). A slen-

der climbing shrub; branches obscurely angled; branchlets dark brown,

terete; innovations sparsely pubescent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ;

elliptic-obovate elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely

acuminate at apex, cuneate attenuate or sometimes slightly rounded at

base; glabrous on both surfaces; 2 to 45 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad;

midrib stout, prominent beneath; main nerves 10 to 15 pairs, slender,

at an angle of 60° to 70° with the midrib, nearly straight to join in an

obscure intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many, similar to and

between but more slender than the main nerves; reticulations very

oblique ; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, channelled above, often twisted. Cymes

terminal and axillary, thyrsoid, rusty-tomentose, much branched, at length

often elongating in slender bracteolate racemes, reaching 5 to 7 in. in

length and 3 in. in breadth; rachises angular or flattened; peduncle 0 to

2 in. long; pedicels very short and stout, ‘05 to -1 in. long; bracts lanceo-

late, caducous; bracteoles very many, persistent, ovate, acute or obtuse,

conspicuous especially after the fall of the flowers; buds ovoid or

conical; flowers white. Calyx campanulate; lobes ovate, rounded,

rusty-tomentose without, glabrous within, -05 to -15 in. long; the base

inside furnished with minute scales mixed with villous hairs. Corolla

campanulate or urceolate, ‘15 to 2 in. long, contracted at the mouth,

glabrous without, puberulous within; lobes falcately lanceolate with a

knee at the base, or bilobed, the divisions unequal, much reflexed,

pubescent at the mouth, ‘05 to -125in. long. Anthers acuminate. Ovary

densely villous. follicles terete, cylindric, 6 to 12 in. long, divergent

at about 120° and curving upwards so as nearly or quite to meet again,

acuminate at tip; pericarp thin, dark brown, glabrous. Seeds linear-

oblong, narrow, compressed, 1 to 1:5 in. long, somewhat enlarged

at the apex and furnished with a thick, close, persistent, tawny coma

2 in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen scanty; cotyledons

linear, very slender, 1 in. long; radicle minute. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

Ill. 671. Tabernemontana polyantha, Blume Bijd. 1029; A. DC.,

Prodr. VIII. 376.

Penane: Curtis 850; Ridley 9426. Prrax: Ridley 2896; Wray

1815, 2604; King’s Collector 4430, 5875, 6564, 6840, 8404, 8859, 10003.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 505

SELANGOR: [idley 7412. Manacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1081.—Dtsrris.

Andaman Islands, Java.

Some of the specimens examined differ in the size of the flowers; in the inflores-

cence, and in the greater or less bifurcation of the corolla-lobes, but we have not

succeeded in separating any of them as species or even varieties, and prefer to consider

them all as forms of one.

2. Micrecuites EvuIptTica, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. III. 671 (1882).

Ehyncospernmm 4, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. & Th.

India in Sikkim Himalaya at 4000 to 6000 ft., and Khasia Hills at

3000 to 4000 ft.

Var. Scortechinw, King & Gamble. A climbing shrub. Leaves char-

taceous ; lanceolate, obtusely long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces; 3 to 3-5 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; main.

nerves 10 to 12, very slender, not conspicuous; secondary nerves many ;

reticulations oblique; petiole -25 in. long. Cymes terminal or axillary,

very few-flowered, scarcely reaching 1 to 1:5 in.long, minutely puberulous;

pedicels slender, :2in. long; bracteoles ovate, persistent; buds ovoid, obtuse.

Calyx-lobes ovate, ciliate, rounded, :075 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindric,

‘1 in. long, constricted slightly at the mouth; lobes linear-oblong, -15

in. long, twisted, glabrous, much turned to the left. Anthers sagittate,

acuminate; filaments very short. Ovary densely villous. Fruit not known.

Perak: Scortechine.

This may prove, when better specimens are available, to be incapable of separation

from the Indian type.

Family LXXVI. ASCLEPIADACE ZL.

Herbs or shrubs, erect or more usually twining, often with a

tuberous rootstock or fleshy roots; juice milky or watery; stems simple

or branched, usually woody, sometimes succulent. Leaves opposite or

whorled, sometimes wanting, very rarely alternate; thin or fleshy, quite

entire, sometimes with an interpetiolar stipulary line or teeth. Flowers

hermaphrodite, very variable in size and form but always regular;

solitary or few or many together, in umbels, umbel-like cymes, fascicles

or racemes, axillary, lateral between the bases of the leaves or terminal.

Calyx inferior, of 5 sepals or 5-lobed; lobes imbricate, usually with

minute glandular scales at the base within. Corolla hypogynous, gamo-

petalous, regular, 5-lobed, various in shape ; tube usually short (long in

Ceropegia), sometimes furnished within or at its mouth with variously

shaped processes forming a corolline corona; lobes imbricate, contorted

or valvate in zstivation, often recurved, sometimes more or less erect and

connate at their tips. Stamens 5, inserted at or near the base of the

corolla and alternate with its lobes, rarely higher up; filaments some-

506 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

times free, more usually connate in a tube around the ovary, forming

with the anthers and their terminal appendages a staminal column,

with the apex often united to the dilated part of the style, usually with

more or less fleshy processes on the back forming a stanwnal corona ;

anthers free or united to the dilated part of the style, 2-celled ; the cells

dehiscing by apical longitudinal or transverse slits; the margins of the

anthers or their basal prolongations below the cells more or less horny

and wing-like (the anther-wings), usually projecting outwards; the

adjacent wings of each pair of anthers nearly meeting and forming

between them very narrow fissures leading to the stigmatic cavities ;

connectives of the anthers often produced into membranous rarely

fleshy or inflated terminal appendages which are sometimes connate ;

pollen-contents of each anther-cell granular or united into one or two

waxy masses (pollen-masses) formed of an indefinite number of pollen-

grains and attached in pairs or in fours, sometimes directly but more

usually by means of arm-like caudicles to each of the 5 small, usually

horny, turgid or bilobed pollen-carriers, which rest one on each of the

5 angles of the dilated part of the style, the whole forming the pollama,

the masses attached to each pollen-carrier always being derived from the

cells of two different but adjacent anthers; when granular, each granule

is formed of about 4 pollen-grains united together, and, on the dehiscence

of the anthers, the whole is loosely contained in the horny spoon-,

trumpet-, or trowel-like or bifid appendicle tapering downwards into a

short or long caudicle attached to a soft (adhesive?) pollen-carrier gland.

Ovary superior, of 2 one-celled, many-ovuled, carpels, free below; the

styles united above and dilated into a pentagonal disk (style-apex) which

is flat or depressed in the centre, with or without a conical or otherwise

shaped tip, and bears on its angles the pollen-carriers and immediately

beneath them, behind the fissures between the anther-wings, the 5 stig-

matic cavities; ovules usually numerous, rarely few or solitary, anatro-

pous, pendulous, imbricate in several series on the projecting placenta.

F'rwit of 2 (or 1 by suppression) divaricate or parallel follicular mericarps,

dehiscing by the ventral suture and usually liberating the placenta ;

pericarp usually smooth, sometimes echinate or winged. Seeds usually

flat, sometimes ovoid or cylindric, usually with a broad or narrow

margin, generally crowned with a coma of long silky hairs, sometimes

fringed, sometimes without any tuft; testa thin or thick; albumen

usually thin, sometimes rather thick, sometimes none; embryo large,

nearly or quite filling the seed; cotyledons flat; radicle usually

cylindric, superior.— Distriz. <A large Family of more than 1800

species, widely distributed over tropical and subtropical, with a few

in temperate, regions.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 507

As in the Family Arocynacem, in which we were much assisted by Dr. O. Stapf’s

account of it in the ‘Flora of Tropical Africa,’ Vol. IV. Sect. 1, so in AscLEPIADACEa

we have been indebted to that by Mr. N. E. Brown in the same work, which has

helped us properly to understand the morphology of a very difficult but most interesting

Family of plants. We wish also to mention that much assistance was derived from

the account of the Family and its Western India genera given by Dr. T. Cooke, C.1.E.,

in Vol. II. of his ‘ Flora of the Presidency of Bombay.’

ANALYSIS OF THE TRIBES.

Pollen granular, loosely contained in the more or less ae

late or bifid appendicles, not attached to the latter . I. PerrpLoces.

Pollen united into very minute waxy masses, 4 or 2 of which are

sessile upon a very minute quadrate pale-coloured pollen-carrier II. Srcamonum.

Pollen united in waxy opaque masses without pellucid margin,

usually of fair size and attached in pairs by caudicles to the

dark-coloured pollen-carriers :—

Pollen-masses pendulous .. .- III. Cynancura.

Pollen-masses erect or horizontal, very rarely nendulons .. ITV. Marsprentem.

Pollen united in waxy masses pellucid on one margin or at the

apex, and attached in pairs by caudicles to the pollen-carriers V. CERopEGiEm.

Tribe I. PERIPLOCE.

Filaments of the stamens free; anthers acute or with the connectives

produced in terminal appendages connivent over the style-apex and

frequently connate. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell of numerous

loose granules, each granule formed of 3 to 4 pollen-grains united in

lines or tetrads. Appendicles spathulate, trumpet-shaped or trowel-

shaped, sometimes bipartite, horny, attached by short or long caudicles

to an adhesive pollen-carrier gland at the base, which is itself attached

to the angles of the style-apex, holding the pollen-granules loosely but

not attached to them.

Corona-processes none :—

Anthers with long appendages ; climbers :—

Anther appendages erect, thick, curving inwards at tip .. 1. PHYLUANTHERA.

Anther appendages erect, bearded, erect at tip .. 2, PENTANURA.

Anthers with short appendages curving over the style-apex ;

shrubs et a ee oc .. 3. GoNGYLOSPERMA.

Corona-processes 5 :—

Corona-processes short, thick ae 5c .. 4. HemipEsmus.

Corona-processes filiform, behind the stamens :—

Stamens without alternating glands between the filaments ;

corolla-lobes rounded :—

Follicles short, broad, ribbed ; corolla large .. .. 5. FINLAYSONIA.

Follicles cylindric, narrow, not ribbed; corolla small .. 6. GyMNANTHERA.

Stamens with glands between the filaments :—

Corolla-lobes elongate, linear-lanceolate ; anther appen-

dages long, narrow .. 28 -. 7. ATHBRANDRA.

Corolla-lobes short, ovate ; authors appendaues short, thick 8. StREPTOCAULON.

508 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

1. PHYLLANTHERA, Blume.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, with nerves at right

angles to the midrib, pale beneath. lowers long-pedicelled, sub-

racemose, reddish, in lax pedunculate cymes from one axil of a pair of

leaves. Calyx short, 5-fid ; lobes ovate ; scales 5, alternate with the

lobes within, membranous. Corolla campanulate-rotate, fleshy, deeply

5-fid, papillose within; lobes suboblique, concave, overlapping to the

right. Corona none. Stamens affixed near the base of the corolla;

filaments free; anthers agglutinated with the style-apex, not bearded ;

appendages erect, thick, naked, curving inwards at the tip. Pollen

granular, composed of 3 to 4 granules cross-wise adherent; pollen-

carriers globose, bearing short slender caudicles ending in obliquely

funnel-shaped appendicles which carry the pollen-masses. Style-apex

capitate, obscurely 5-angled. Fruit of 2 slender divaricate follicular

mericarps. Seeds oblong; testa thin, with few silky hairs ending in a

tufted long silky coma; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong; radicle

cylindric, nearly as long as the cotyledons.—Disrris. Species 2, one of

the Malay Peninsula, the other of Java.

PHYLLANTHERA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous

slender climbing shrub, with thin slender terete branchlets. Leaves

somewhat fleshy, membranous when dry; oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces, the

lower pale, almost glaucous; margins recurved; 2°5 to 4 in. long, -75 to

1:25 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, raised beneath ;

main nerves 8 to 10 pairs at right angles to the midrib, obscure, slender,

straight to join an intramarginal looped nerve at the sinus of the loops;

secondary nerves very few, between and parallel to the main nerves,

very obscure; reticulations not visible; petiole slender, -25 to °5 in. long,

slightly thickened below. Cymes few-flowered ; peduncles slender, up to

about 25 in. long; branches usually 2, reaching ‘d in. in length, sub-

racemose, with pairs of persistent small ovate acute scarious bracts ;

pedicels very slender, about -25 in. long; buds globose; flowers reddish-

brown or mottled red and yellow. Calyxz-lobes ovate, hyaline, 05 in.

long; scales -1 to ‘2 in. long, membranous. Corolla-lobes orbicular,

imbricate, -2 to ‘3 in. long, minutely papillose within; tube very short.

Anthers with appendages ‘05 to ‘075 in. long. Follicles slender, 6 to

7 in. long, :25 in. broad, the tip hooked inwards, divaricate in one straight

line; pericarp smooth, thin, dark brown, striate. Seeds many, oblong,

ridged on the ventral surface, °3 in. long, ‘06 in. broad, with a few

sparse white hairs and a deciduous silky white spreading coma 1:5 to

2in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen very thin; cotyledons oblong,

rather fleshy, ‘15 in. long, ‘05 in. broad; radicle cylindric, 1 in. long.

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 509

Perak: at Kota, Wray 2407, 3005; Scortechint; at Lartt, King’s

Collector 2059, 2181, 7314.

This species comes very near to the Javanese P. bifida, Blume, but the latter

has narrower and longer leaves, with very many (20 to 25) pairs of main nerves and

many secondary ones with the intramarginal nerve much nearer the margin. The

peduncles and branches of the cyme and the pedicels are stouter and longer and the

corolla more fleshy. The anthers are similar, but the pollen-carrier appendicles are

more obliquely funnel-shaped (see t. xxii. in Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I.). The only

specimen in the Kew Herbarium is ‘‘ Coll. ‘I. Lobb, India 1868,” and may be possibly

from the Peninsula. In the Calcutta Herbarium are specimens from Sumatra (H. O.

Forbes 2436).

2. PENTANURA, Blume.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, with nerves at right

angles to the midrib or nearly so. Flowers 1 to 3, on bracteate pedun-

culate racemose cymes in the axils of or opposite to one leaf of the pair.

Calyx small, 5-fid, with 5 membranous scales alternate with the lobes

within. Corolla campanulate-rotate, fleshy, deeply 5-fid, papillose

within ; lobes oblong, concave, overlapping to the right. Corona none.

Stamens affixed near the base of the corolla, the bases distant, geniculate ;

filaments free ; anthers agglutinated with the style-apex, oblong, not

bearded; appendages lanceolate, bearded, caudiform, erect at tip.

Pollen granular, composed of 3 to 4 granules cross-wise adherent

pollen-carriers discoid, bearing slender caudicles and spathulate often

truncate appendicles which carry the pollen-masses. Style-apex

capitate, sharply 5-angled. Frwt of 2 slender divaricate follicular

mericarps. Seeds oblong, with few silky hairs ending in a tufted long

silky coma; testa thin; albumen thin; cotyledons oblong; radicle

cylindric.— Distris. Species 2, one of the Khasia Hills and Yunan,

the other of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

This genus comes very near to Phyllanthera, with which we are inclined to

think it might be incorporated. It differs in the markedly pentagonal style-apex, the

bearded anther appendages, and the spathulate not funnel-shaped appendicles of the

pollen-carriers. P. khasiana, Kurz, Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 4, hardly seems to us to belong

to this genus.

PENTANURA SUMATRANA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 125, t. xxi.

(1849). A glabrous slender climbing shrub, with thin angled or

striate branchlets, bearing occasional round lenticels. Leaves charta-

ceous; elliptic, rather abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base:

glabrous on both surfaces, the lower pale, almost glaucous; the margins

strongly recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib

slender, slightly impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 7 to 8

pairs, slightly raised beneath, at or a little less than right angles with

510 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the midrib, straight to join an intramarginal looped nerve; secondary

nerves few, very faint; reticulations not visible; petiole -25 in. long,

channelled above, sometimes bearing small stipular glands at the base.

Racemes up to 2 in. long, 1- to 3-flowered, with pairs of persistent ovate

scarious bracts; pedicels slender, -15 in. long; buds ovoid, acute; flowers

deep red. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, hyaline, -1 in. long, with ovate

acute membranous scales °03 in. long between each at the base within.

Corolla-lobes oblong or obovate-oblong, ‘d in. long by °3 in. broad, minutely

papillose within ; tube salver-shaped at base. Appendages of stamens

erect, bearded, about -03 in. long; appendicles of pollen-carriers as long.

Follicles slender, 5 to 6 in. long, ‘2 in. broad, very acute, divaricate in

a straight line, tips straight; pericarp thin, rough, striate, dark brown.

Seeds many, oblong, ridged on the ventral surface, ‘275 in. long, ‘075 in.

broad, with a few sparse white curly hairs and a deciduous silky white

spreading coma about 1:5 in. long; testa thin, dark brown; albumen

thin ; cotyledons oblong -15 in. long by 05 in. broad; radicle cylindric,

‘1 in. long. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 471; Engl. & Prantl Naturl.

Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 211, fig. 63, D.z.

Perak: at Relan Tujor, Wray 1847, 4025; Scortechint 1303; King’s

Collector 1825, 3514.—Distris. Sumatra (Pretorius, Beccari 640).

3. GONGYLOSPERMA, King & Gamble, nov. gen.

A shrub. Leaves opposite, strongly nerved. Flowers in axillary or

_pseudo-terminal, bracteate, paniculate cymes; the branches 2- to 3-choto-

mous; pedicels slender. Calyx short, 5-partite: scales combined in a

ring. Corolla rotate-campanulate ; the tube short; lobes oblong, over-

lapping to the right. Corona none. Stamens inserted on the corolla-

tube; filaments free, broad and nearly confluent at base; anthers short;

appendages short, triangular, incurved over the style-apex; pollen-

granules elongate, of 3 to 4 pollen-grains in one line; pollen-carriers

minute, appendicles spathulate. Ovary of 2 carpels; styles distinct below,

combined above; style-apex obscurely 5-angled, flattened at top. Frit

of 2 short divaricate oblong follicular mericarps; pericarp thin, pubescent.

Seeds very small, oblong-cylindric, with a white silky coma; albumen

copious; cotyledons fleshy; radicle cylindric.— Distris. A single

species only as so far known.

GoONGYLOSPERMA CurTiIsu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small shrub;

branches smooth, brown. Leaves coriaceous; lanceolate or oblong-

lanceolate, acute at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces rugose, the

upper slightly puberulous, the lower pubescent, both ashy grey, the

lower much the paler; margins recurved ; 2°5 to 4'5 in. long, ‘75 to 1°75

Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula. 511

in. broad; midrib as well as all nerves and reticulations impressed

above, raised beneath; midrib thick ; main nerves stout, 18 to 20 pairs,

at about 60° with the midrib, nearly straight to join an obscure intra-

marginal looped nerve close to the margin; secondary nerves few;

reticulations closely netted; petiole rather stout, -15 to :25 in. long.

Cymes more or less grey-puberulous, reaching 1:5 in. long and 2 in.

broad; peduncle stout, °25 to °5 in. long; branches 3-chotomous

secondary branches again 3-chotomous, both furnished with pairs of

small ovate acute bracts; pedicels slender, -15 in. long; buds ovoid,

acute. Calyx short; tube very short; lobes ovate, acute, hyaline on

the margins, glandular dotted; scale-ring narrow. Corolla-tube short,

lobes oblong, blunt, -15 in. long. Corona none. Stamens few; filaments

rather thick, enlarged and almost confluent at the base ; anthers short,

rounded; appendages triangular, black, curved over the style-apex and

connate. Styles short, stout; style-apex obscurely 5-angled, flattened at

top. Follicles straight, thick, 1 to 1-25 in. long, -26 in. broad, divaricate

in a straight line, tip slightly incurved, blunt; pericarp thin, minutely

grey-pubescent. Seeds oblong-cylindric, ‘1 in. long and -05 in. thick,

ending in a sparse white silky coma ‘2 in. long; testa granular, very

thin; albumen copious ; cotyledons elliptic, fleshy, ‘06 in. long; radicle

cylindric, a little shorter than the cotyledons.

Sram States: at Poongah, in the crevices of limestone rocks,

Curtis 2951.

4, Hemipesmus, Br.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 4. Flowers small,

greenish-purple, in opposite crowded subsessile cymes. Calyx 5-partite;

lobes acuminate; with 5 minute scales between them at their bases

within. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-fid, with valvate fleshy lobes; tube

very short. Corona-processes 5, short, thick, on the throat of the

corolla and alternate with its lobes. Stamens inserted at the base of

the corolla-tube; filaments distinct or subconnate at the base; anthers

small, cohering at the apex, terminated by inflexed appendages ;

pollen-masses cohering in pairs in each cell, granular; the caudicles of

the pollen-carriers thick below, then slender, bearing cucullate or

spreading appendicles. Style-apex 5-lobed, flat on the top. Frwt of 2

slender divaricate terete follicular mericarps. Seeds oblong, flattened,

ridged on the ventral face, ending in a broad tip bearing a long silky

coma ; albumen scanty ; cotyledons oblong, fleshy ; radicle cylindric.—

Distris. India and Malaya; species 1 or 2.

512 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

HEMIDEsMUs INDICUS, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 57 (1811).

A prostrate or twining shrub, with slender terete branchlets; older

branches dark brown, with prominent wart-like lenticels. Leaves char-

taceous, very variable, in pairs or whorls of 4, of which one pair

shorter than the other; elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate, acute or

mucronate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces, the

upper sometimes variegated with white, the lower often pale; margins

recurved ; 2 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad (our specimen); midrib

slender, raised beneath or flattened; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, curving

upwards and meeting near the margin; reticulations obscure; petiole

‘15 to ‘25 in. long, slender. Cymes opposite, on very short peduncles ;

flowers on short pedicels with many ovate-acute bracts. Calya-lobes

ovate-acute, membranous, 05 in. long; scales minute. Corolla-lobes

ovate-oblong, acute; tips incurved; -15 to -25in. long. Corona-scales often

emarginate. Follicles cylindric, 4 to 7 in. long, spreading at 180° apart

or slightly curved backwards from the straight line; tips slightly hooked;

pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds ovate-oblong, flattened, ridged on the

ventral face; testa granulate on one side and the margin, smooth on

the other; cotyledons oblong; radicle slightly shorter than cotyledons.

Wall. Cat. 8243; Wight Contrib. 63, Ic. t. 594; Deless. Ic. Sel. V. t.

55); Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 494; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 465; Benth.

& Trim. Med. Pl. t. 174; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 5; Trimen FI. Cey].

III. 144; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 147; Prain Beng. Plants 686; Engl. &

Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 218, fig. 63, H.3. HAH. Wallichiz,

Mig. Pl. Hohenack. No. 359. Periploca indica, Willd. Sp. Pl. I. 1251.

Asclepias pseudo-sarsa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and FI. Ind. IT. 39, eel.

syn.—Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 83, fig. 1. ‘“ Naru-nundi,’ Rheede Hort.

Mal. X. t. 34.

Dinpines: at Bruas Road, Curtis —Distr1p. India, Ceylon.

The only specimen available was a very poor one with only one or two nearly

rotten flowers, but there seems no reason to doubt its identitication.

Q. FinuaysoniA, Wall.

A lofty glabrous climbing shrub with milky juice. Leaves opposite.

Flowers in 2- to 8-chotomous axillary cymes, moderate-sized, yellowish

and purple. Calyx short, 5-partite. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-fid; the

lobes broad, ovate, overlapping to the right. Corona-processes 5, fili-

form, close behind the stamens. Stamens inserted at the throat of the

corolla; filaments slender; anthers adnate to the style-apex by the

middle, ending in broad inflexed membranous acute appendages;

pollen-masses cohering in pairs in each cell; pollen granular; pollen-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 513

carriers glandular, attached to the angles of the style-apex; appendicles

slender, dilated above in a small rounded apex. Style slender; style-

apex large, fleshy, truncate and 5-angled at base, convexly conical above.

Fruit of 1 or 2 divaricate, fleshy, broad, follicular mericarps; the sides

with 1 to 4 longitudinal ribs; the tip incurved. Seeds lax, flattened,

ovate, with short rufous hairs at the margins, coma none; testa thin;

albumen scanty; cotyledons broadly oblong, fleshy; radicle short,

stout.—Distris. India and Malaya; 1 species.

FInLAysoniA opovaTa, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 48, t. 162 (1831), and

Cat. 4466. A lofty glabrous climbing shrub with milky juice; branches

stout, obtusely angular, with pale brown papery, lenticellate bark.

Leaves coriaceous ; obovate, obtuse or shortly apiculate at apex, cuneate

at base ; both surfaces glabrous, the lower glaucescent ; margins slightly

recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib broad, slightly

impressed above, flattened beneath; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs, at about

70° with the midrib, straight to join in an obscure looped intramarginal

nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations many, indistinct; petiole

‘5 to Lin. long. Cymes 2 to 3:in. long; peduncle thick, often reddish,

‘75 to 1 in. long; branches divaricate, -25 to -5 in. long, usually 3;

subsequent branches usually 2, short, stout; pedicels slender, -15 in.

long; bracts ovate, acute, sheathing the bases of the branches; buds

ovoid; flowers yellowish with purple markings. Calyz-lobes ovate,

acute, ciliate, 05 in. long; scales very minute. Corolla-lobes nearly

orbicular, spreading, furnished within with long whitish hairs on a

part only, glabrous without, -2 to -3 in. long. Corona-processes

flexuose, ‘06 in. long. /ollicles thick, ventricose, about 3 in. long by

2. in. broad, broadest in the middle; tip thick, blunt, hooked ; ribs 3 to

4, slightly winged; pericarp thin. Seeds ovate, ‘7 to ‘8 in. long by 4 in.

broad, flat; the margins winged and bordered by a few long, reddish,

applied hairs, extending in a short tuft at the tip; testa thin, brown,

keeled on the ventral surface ; albumen thin ; cotyledons oblong, fleshy,

‘45 in. long, 25 in. broad, veined; radicle thick, -15 in. long. Wight

Contrib. 65; Wight Ill. t. 182, fig. 5; Griff. Notul. IV. 70, and Ice.

Pl. Asiat. t. 407; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 494; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.

464; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 7; Kurz For. Fl. II. 197; Prain Beng.

Plants 686; Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 211, fig. 64, c.v.

Gurua obovata, Ham. in Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 544.

SIAMESE States: at Kasoom, Curtvs 3246. Prnane: at Butter-

worth, Curtis 483. Perak: Scortechinta 1104. Senancor: among

mangroves at Kwala Selangor, Audley 7565. Manacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1104. Sitnearore: Fedley.—Disrris. India (Sundarbans),

Burma (Griffith, Helfer 3749). A plant of the river deltas.

O14 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

The description of Wallich is most detailed, and, it may be mentioned here, gives

a brief account of Mr. George Finlayson, in whose honour the genus was named.

6. GYMNANTHERA, Br.

Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in short

axillary peduncled cymes, usually 2-branched; branches racemose

pedicels slender. Calyx short, 5-partite, with 5 or 10 or more minute

membranous scales within at the base. Corolla hypocrateriform or

rotate; the lobes spreading, overlapping to the right. Corona-processes

5, filiform on a broad base, often bifid, affixed to the corolla-tube closely

behind the stamens and subconnate with them. Stamens inserted in

the tube of the corolla; filaments short, slender above, dilated at the

base and subconnate; anthers adherent to the style-apex, produced

above in acuminate connivent appendages; pollen granular, in several

masses in each anther-cell; the granules elongate, of 3 to 4 grains

lineally arranged; pollen-carriers large, glandular; caudicles slender,

appendicles spathulate, carriers attached to the style-apex. Style

short; style-apex convex, 5-lobed at base. Frwt of 2 cylindric divari-

cate follicular mericarps. Seed not known.—Distris. About 5 species:

of the Malay Archipelago and tropical Australia.

GYMNANTHERA INSULARUM, King & Gamble, n.sp. A climbing

shrub; branches woody, thick, rough, with dark brown smooth bark and

occasional lenticels. Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or elliptic-oblong,

rounded with a short acumen at apex, attenuate at base; upper surface

dark brown when dry, lower greyish-white, both surfaces glabrous;

margins slightly recurved, 2°5 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 1‘5in. broad; midrib

prominent, pale, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 12 to 14

pairs, at about 70° with the midrib, slightly curved upwards to join a

faint intramarginal looped nerve; secondary nerves faint, short; reticula-

tions netted, impressed above when dry; petiole slender, ‘5 to -75 in.

long, channelled above. Cymes puberulous, about as long as the petiole ;

peduncle short, ‘2 in. long; branches 2, racemose, with many pairs of

minute, ovate, acute bracts; pedicels rather stout, -15 in. long; buds

ovoid. Calyx very small; lobes scarcely :025 in. long, margins hyaline;

scales very small, 5 opposite to and d alternate with the lobes. Corolla-

tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, -15 to ‘2 in. long, slightly

overlapping to the right, reflexed in flower. Corona-processes 5, behind

the filaments, bifid; the lobes subulate, inner one the longer, -03 in. long.

Stamens inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments slender, broadened and

connected at base; anthers rounded; connective produced in an

acuminate tip; pollen granular, in many masses, each made up of 3 to 4

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 515

grains adherent lineally. Style short, rather slender; style-apex 5-angled

below, convex above. fruit and seeds not known.

eps: small islands near Langkawi, Curtis 3684.

7. ATHERANDRA, Dene.

Slender glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in

lax axillary and terminal peduncled dichotomous cymes. Calyx-tube

turbinate, 5-partite, patent in end; scales 5, quadrate, crenulate. Corolla

rotate; tube short, narrowed at the base; lobes elongate, slender,

linear-lanceolate, overlapping to the right, twisted to the left in end.

Corona-processes 9, filiform, at the back of the bases of the filaments.

Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments free, alternate

with erect glands; anthers ovate, subhastate at base, connate with the

style-apex ; appendages long, acute, membranous, combined in a cone

over the style-apex ; pollen-carriers of a»viscid basal gland attached to

the base of the style-apex; appendicles oblong-spathulate, bearing many

pollen-granules of 4 grains arranged in line or in tetrads. Ovary conical,

sunk in the calyx-tube; style slender, short; style-apex long, conical,

5-lobed at base. Hruzt not known.—Disrris. One species.

ATHERANDRA ACUTIFOLIA, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 497 (1844). A

slender twining shrub; branchlets dark brown, slightly rough; innova-

tions puberulous. Leaves chartaceous when dry; oblong-lanceolate or

obovate-oblong, acute or cuspidate at apex, attenuate and then rounded

at base; glabrous on both surfaces and reddish or greyish black when

dry, dark on the upper, almost glaucous on the lower; margins slightly

recurved ; 2 to 3:0 in. long, ‘75 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender,

raised beneath, sometimes puberulous ; main nerves 5 to 8 pairs, very

slender, arching upwards to and along the margin; secondary nerves

few, reticulations inconspicuous; petiole slender, -2 to -4 in. long.

Cymes very slender, reaching 3 in. in length and about the same in

breadth ; peduncles slender, about 1 in. long; branches capillary, nearly

as long; bracts in pairs, linear-subulate, ‘1 to -15 in. long; pedicels

capillary, curved, ‘75 in. long, somewhat enlarged under the calyx ; buds

conical, acuminate, -5 in. long; flowers few, brownish-yellow, distant.

Calyx-tube turbinate, with 5 small scales at the throat; lobes spreading,

lanceolate, ‘06 in. long. Corolla-tube very short; lobes linear, -75 in.

long, twisted in bud to the right, then straight, recurved in flower.

Corona-processes filiform, nearly -1 in. long, behind the stamens. Prwit

and seeds not known. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 467; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

ITV. 9. A. pubescens, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 147, t. xxvi;

Mig. l.c. 468. A. cusprdata, Blume l.c.; Mig. l.c. Cryptolepis filiformis,

Wall. Cat. 4458.

516 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

KepaH: at Coah, Langkawi Island, Curtes 2591. Prenana: Wallich

4458.—Distris. Java (Lobb, &c.).

In Curtis’ specimen the glands between the filaments are very small or sometimes

none; but otherwise the specimen agrees well enough with Wallich’s.

8. SrrePtocauLon, Wight & Arn.

Twining herbs and shrubs, usually tomentose. Leaves opposite.

Flowers small, often minute, in lax sessile or peduncled trichotomous

panicled cymes in one axil only of a pair of leaves. Calyx minute,

5-partite, with 5 scales within at the base. Corolla rotate; tube very

short; lobes ovate, slightly overlapping to the right; buds conical or

pyramidal. Corona-processes filiform, adnate to the backs of the fila-

ments. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments very

short, alternating with minute glands; anthers oblong, adherent to the

style-apex; appendages small, black, triangular, connate over the

style-apex ; pollen-carriers of a viscid gland attached to the base of the

style-apex; appendicles spathulate-funnel-shaped; pollen-masses 2 in

each anther-cell composed of pollen-granules, each of which consists of

3 to 4 grains arranged in lines or tetrads. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels ;

style short; style-apex 5-angled, depressed, top convex. Fruit of 2 divari-

cate follicular mericarps, usually pubescent. Seeds flattened, keeled on

the ventral surface, oblong; tip broad, surmounted by a long white silky

coma ; testa very thin; albumen very scanty; cotyledons ovate-oblong,

flat ; radicle cylindric, nearly as long as cotyledons.—Distriz. 6 to 7

species, of India and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, and the

Philippine Islands.

Main nerves of leaf 6 to 8 pairs; corolla-lobes under -1 in. long;

follicles under 3in.long .. -. IL. S. Wallichiz.

Main nerves of leaf 14 to 18 pairs ; aveila: leben over -1 in.

long; follicles over 3 in. long of 2c .. 2 S. Grifithii.

1. StreProcauLon WaLLicau, Wight Contrib. 65 (1834). A slen-

der climbing shrub with very milky juice; branchlets slightly angled,

with dark brown bark and occasional small lenticels, uppermost and

innovations densely shortly brown-pubescent. Leaves subcoriaceous ;

elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute with a short apiculus at apex, cuneate

at base or occasionally rounded; upper surface dull brown when dry

and puberulous, lower densely and softly brown-tomentose; margins

slightly recurved; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender,

slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,

at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curved gradually upwards to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 517

and along the margin; secondary nerves none; reticulations minutely

netted but not prominent; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, channelled above.

Cymes spreading, much-branched, many-flowered, hispidly pubescent,

reaching 1°5 to 2 in. long and 2 to 2°5 in. broad; peduncles usually short,

about -25 in. long; branch peduncles °5 in., rest gradually shorter ;

bracts many, in pairs, small, ovate-acuminate; pedicels slender; buds

ovoid-pyramidal; flowers glabrous, reddish. Calyzx-tube turbinate ;

lobes ovate-oblong, ‘025 in. long, often emarginate, hyaline at the edges;

scales minute, obtuse. Corolla-tube very short, cylindric, then rotate ;

lobes oblong, ‘075 in. long, obtuse, tips incurved. Corona-processes

‘03 in. long, tipsglandular. Folliecles slender, 3 in. long, °3 in. broad, divari-

cate in a straight line, tips slightly hooked; pericarp thin, densely

greyish-tomentose. Seeds oblong, rounded at base, keeled on the

ventral surface, -25 in. long by ‘05 in. broad, broad at tip and with a

thick white silky coma 1 to 1-25 in. long; testa thin, brown, shining;

albumen very scanty; cotyledons ovate-oblong, acute, -1 in. long;

radicle slender, cylindric. Wall. Cat. 8249s ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII.

496; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 469; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 9.

KepaH: on Lankawi Island, Ridley 8295; Bell in Cantley 229.

Kenantan: Firdley cf. Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 320. Prnane:

Phillips; Maingay (K.D.) 1100; Deschamps; Stoliczka; G. King;

Curtis 472, 2122; Ridley 9484; King’s Collector 4910, 5188. Province

WELLESLEY: at Arakuda, Ridley 6972. Prrax: Scortechini; King’s

Collector 2509 ; Ridley 3072. Styaarore: Wallich 82498.

2. STREPTOCAULON GRIFFITH, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 10 (1883). A

climbing shrub; branchlets dark purplish-brown, pubescent; innovations

hispidly tomentose. Leaves subcoriaceous ; obovate-oblong or oblanceo-

late, shortly acuminate at apex, narrowed and finally rounded or cordate

at base; upper surface greyish and puberulous, lower densely greyish-

brown-tomentose; margin slightly reflexed; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in.

broad ; midrib stout beneath, more slender and impressed above; main

nerves 14 to 18 pairs, at about 60° with the midrib, at first straight,

then curved to and along the margin; secondary nerves none; reticula-

tions minutely netted, the larger ones transverse between the main

nerves, all slightly impressed above and raised beneath; petiole -26 in.

long. Cymes dichotomous, hispidly tomentose, 1 to 2 in. long and

broad ; peduncle -25 in. long; branches furnished with many pairs of

opposite persistent ovate-acute hirsute bracts; petiole slender, -15 in.

long; buds ovoid-conic. Calyz-tube turbinate; lobes ovate-acute,

hirsute without, glabrous within; margins hyaline; scales minute, 2- to

3-fid. Corolla-tube very short or none; lobes rotate, ovate-acute, -1

to 15 in. long, glabrous but minutely puncticulate without. Corona-

518 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

processes filiform, on a conical base in a discoid ring. Pollen-carrier

appendicles broadly linear, bifid. ollicles slender, straight, 3 to 4 in.

long, ‘5 in. broad, recurved to about 270°; tips slightly hooked; pericarp

chartaceous, minutely pubescent without, smooth within. Seeds oblong,

contracted above in a short neck, truncate at tip, also at base, keeled on

the ventral surface, °3 in. long, :1 in. broad; tip with a dense white

silky coma about 1 in. long; testa thin, black; cotyledons ovate, acute,

‘125 in. long; radicle slender, cylindric -075 in. long. Streptocaulon,

Griff. Notul. IV. 71, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 406.

JOHORE: at Batu Pahut, Rzdley 11120.—Distris. Burma (Tenas-

serim, Helfer (K.D.) 3754; Mergui, Griffith), Siam (Schomburgk), Tonkin.

Tribe Il. SrcAMONES.

Filaments of the stamens connate into a tube and adnate at top

to the dilated part of the style; appendages of the anthers more or less

fimbriate. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell of two very minute dis-

tinct waxy masses sometimes combined into one. Pollen-carriers

minute, subquadrate, soft; the pollen-masses attached to them in fours

or pairs.

Corolla-lobes imbricate, usually glabrous or merely puberulous

within :—

Corolla-tube not lined by a toothed membrane ; corona thin :—

Corolla-lobes small, overlapping to right or left; style-apex

short, rounded, obtuse; pollen-masses in fours on a minute

carrier at 46 ae ae .. 9. SECAMONE.

Corolla-lobes overlapping to left, usually rather large ; style-

apex elongate, conical or clavate; pollen-masses in pairs

(or very obscurely only in fours) on a minute thick carrier. 10. Toxocarpus.

Corolla-tube lined by a toothed membrane; corona short,

thick ae nf 2% a .. 11. GontostEmMa.

Corolla-lobes valvate, villous within He ik .. 12. GENIANTHUS.

9. SECAMONE, Br.

Climbing or straggling shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite.

Flowers small, often minute, in lax axillary sessile or shortly peduncled

2-3-chotomous cymes. Calyx 5-partite, without scales within. Corolla

small, rotate, 5-lobed; lobes overlapping to right or left; tube very

short. Corona-processes 5, adnate to the staminal-column, compressed.

Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments connate at the

base only; anther-tips ending in a small inflexed appendage, conni-

vent around the style-apex; pollen-masses very minute, globose or

slightly oblong, in pairs in each cell, attached in fours to the minute

pollen-carriers, without caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style columnar,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 519

dilated, ending in a flattened ring and produced in a beak above it;

style-apex rounded or bifid, exserted beyond the anthers. Frwt of

2 divaricate follicular mericarps, terete or angular, acuminate, smooth.

Seeds flattened, oblong, ending in a long white silky coma; albumen

“seanty; cotyledons linear-oblong; radicle rather long, cylindric —

Distris. Species about 30, chiefly of South and Tropical Africa and

the Mascarene Islands; a few in India, Malaya, and the islands,

extending to Australia.

SECAMONE MICRANTHA, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 501 (1844). A

small climbing shrub; branchlets slender, terete, the size of a crow-

quill; nodes enlarged. Leaves membranous; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate

and apiculate at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces olive-green when

dry, the lower paler, glabrous; margins recurved; 1-5 to 3 in. long,

‘30 to 1 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves about 8 to 10 pairs,

obscure, curving acutely upwards to meet an obscure intramarginal

nerve; reticulations scarcely visible; petiole slender, ‘1 to -25 in. long.

Cymes spreading, pubescent, 1 to 2 in. long and the same broad;

branches sually 2-chotomous below, 3-chotomous above; main

peduncle variable, reaching 1 in. long; branch peduncles slender,

flexuous, often zigzag, about -25 in. long; pedicels -1 in.; bracts very

small, ovate-acute, hispidly hairy; buds globose; flowers pale yellow.

Calyx deeply cleft, lobes ovate, ciliate on the margins, scarious above,

black-gland-dotted on the claw, ‘05 in. long. Corolla-lobes deeply cleft,

glabrous, ‘075 in. long, obtuse, 3-nerved. Corona-processes very narrow,

compressed, with a rounded tooth on the back. Follicles 2, slender,

divaricate in a straight line (180°) or nearly so, 3 in. long, °3 in. broad;

acuminate tips slightly incurved; pericarp thin, glabrous, striate.

Seeds ovate-spathulate, truncate at tip, flattened, submembranous

on the margins, bearing a copious white silky coma, °‘d in. long,

‘125 in. broad; testa thin, brown, shining. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 472.

Tylophora micrantha, Dene. Herb. Tim. Desc. in Nouy. Ann. Mus. Se. III.

(1834) 377.

SIAMESE States: Trang, King’s Collector 1414. Kepan: on Langkawi

Island, Curtis 2800. Prnane: Curtis 225, 992, 1896.—Distri. Java,

Timor.

We cannot separate from this S. Finlaysonii, Wight Contrib. 61 (1834); Wall.

Arch. No. 103, probably from Siam.

10. Toxocarpus, Wight & Arn.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small or moderate-

sized, in axillary dichotomous paniculate or racemose cymes. Calyx

minute, 5-partite, with or without 5 minute scales within at the base.

520 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla shortly subrotate or campanulate, 5-fid ; tube short or about as

long as the lobes; lobes linear-oblong, recurved, overlapping to the

left. Corona-processes 5, attached to the staminal tube, dorsally

flattened, toothed, the tooth usually curving upwards. Stamens in-

serted at the base of the corolla; filaments connate; anthers small,

erect or connivent around the style-apex; appendages often minutely

fimbriate; pollen-masses very minute, pendulous, single or obscurely

in pairs in each cell, attached to minute pale soft pollen-carriers,

without caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style slender ; style-apex

columnar or clavate, produced far beyond the anthers; tip often bifid.

Fruit of 2 divaricate follicular mericarps; pericarp smooth. Seeds

oblong, flattened, tipped with a silky coma; testa thin; cotyledons

oblong; radicle cylindric—Drsrris. Species about 20; found in India,

Malaya and Tropical Africa.

Corolla-tube much shorter than the lobes :—

Corolla-lobes linear, twisted when open; style-apex long-

acuminate :—

Cymes reaching 2in. in length; leaves more or less elliptic;

follicles 12 in. long and slender .. So Le eGragithiz

Cymes scarcely reaching °5 in. long; eee more or less

obovate ; follicles linear-lanceolate, -4 in. long -3 2. LE Gurtisve.

Corolla-lobes obovate-oblong, not twisted; style-apex pyri-

form :— 3. T. Scortechinii.

Corolla campanulate ; tube longer than lobes :—

Cymes rusty-pubescent, reaching 2in. long; leaveslanceolate 4. T. penangianus.

Cymes pubescent, under 1 in. long ; leaves elliptic .. 5. T. lankawiensis.

1. Toxocarpus GrirFitHil, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 505 (1844).

A slender climbing shrub ; branchlets slender, more or less hispid with

purplish-brown stiff hairs; nodes swollen. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, cuspidately acuminate at apex, cuneate

at base; both surfaces glabrous except the midrib and main nerves

beneath, upper greyish-brown, lower greyish when dry; margins

recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib slender, slightly

impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, curving

upwards to and along the margin where they anastomose; secondary

nerves few; reticulations irregular, fairly prominent beneath when

dry ; petiole slender, twisted, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long. Cymes shorter than the

leaves, reaching 2 in. in length, rusty-pubescent; peduncle about

‘25 in. long; branches 2 to 3, racemosely paniculate; the flowers in

small clusters on a somewhat zigzag red rachis; bracts many, per-

sistent, ovate-acute; pedicels very short; buds conical; flowers creamy

white. Calyx pubescent without; lobes ovate-oblong, ‘05 in. long.

Corolla-lobes linear-oblong, glabrous except for slight pubescence near

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 521

the base within, -075 in. long, twisted; tube very short. Corona-

processes adherent to and as long as the staminal tube, the back with a

short upturned tooth. Style-apex produced, ovate-clavate, acuminate

and bifid at tip. ollicles 12 in. long, -15 in. broad, very slender,

flexuous, slightly torulose; pericarp crustaceous, puberulous. Seeds

1 in. long, linear, very slender, obliquely truncate at apex and furnished

with a thick coma of silky hairs 1 to 1:25 in. long; testa dark brown,

granular; cotyledons oblong, thin. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 13. Toxo-

carpus sp., Griff. Notul. IV. 69, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 404 (Asclepiadee).

Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8550.

Prenane: Porter. Perak: at Sungie Lartt, Wray 2465; in dense

jungle on low wet ground near Larut, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 6205.

Mazacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1105. Sinearore: Lobb 45.—DistRip.

Burma (in Mergui, Griffith 8550 ; Helfer 3758).

2. Toxocarpus Curtisu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender climb-

ing shrub; branchlets pustular, dark brown, striate, the uppermost

rusty-pubescent, nodes slightly swollen. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-

obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both

surfaces olive-grey, upper darker and shining, lower sparsely rusty-

pubescent when young; margins recurved; 2 to 3:0 in. long, 1-25 to

2 in. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, raised beneath; main

nerves distant, 4 to 8 pairs, starting at an angle of 60° with the midrib

and arched upwards to join in an intramarginal looped nerve as

prominent as themselves and like them raised beneath; secondary

nerves few, obscure; reticulations irregular; petiole ‘2 to ‘5 in. long,

slender, twisted. Cymes axillary, tawny-pubescent, sessile or on very

short peduncles; branches 2 to 3, subracemose; the flowers in bracteate

clusters; bracts small, lanceolate; pedicels short; buds conical,

acuminate. Calyx thickly rusty-pubescent without; lobes ovate-

acuminate, ‘05 in. long; scales alternate with the lobes, very minute or

0. Corolla glabrous on both surfaces ; tube short ; lobes linear-ligulate,

twisted, much spreading, ‘2 in. long. Corona-processes acute, longer than

the staminal-column, each with a short ascending tooth on the back.

Style-apex l\anceolate-conical, acuminate, with a flattened ring at its

base. ollcles linear-acuminate, recurved at tip, 4 in. long, °3 in. broad,

recurved to nearly 3 right angles apart; pericarp smooth, thin. Seeds

oblong, flattened, ‘5 to -6 in. long, :15 in. broad, shortly beaked and then

broadening at the base of the soft white silky coma which is 1:5 in.

long ; testa thin, dark brown.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Curtis 3787. PErax: in dense jungle at

2000 to 3000 ft., King’s Collector 8150.

3. ToxocaRPus ScorTEcHINI, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing

522 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

shrub ; branchlets brown, striate, with purplish-brown rather stiff

pubescence. Leaves coriaceous when old, almost membranous when

young; ovate-oblong or ovate, acuminate at apex, acute at base; both

surfaces olive-green when dry, rather dull, lower paler, glabrous except

on the midrib beneath ; margins recurved ; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in.

broad; midrib prominent on the lower, impressed on the upper, surface ;

main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, pale, raised on the lower surface, starting at an

angle of 50° with the midrib and curving upwards to meet in a looped

intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular,

prominent on the lower surface; petiole -3 to ‘5 in. long, rusty-

pubescent. Cymes axillary, sessile, densely clothed as in the calyx with

purplish-brown pubescence, reaching ‘75 to 1 in. long; branches few,

few-flowered; bracts minute, deciduous; pedicels about -1 in. long,

thick; buds oblong; flowers rather large. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong,

glabrous within, -1 in. long; scales 0 or minute, alternate with the

lobes within. Corolla-tube short, -1 to ‘2 in. long; lobes obovate-oblong,

glabrous, -35 to ‘5 in. long, spreading in flower. Corona-processes

flat, truncate, much shorter than the anthers when young, when older

furnished with an erose tip as long as the anthers, minutely gland-dotted.

Style-apex pyriform-clavate, ‘1 in. long; the tip conical, bifid, in

acuminate lobes. Follicles 3 in. long, -4 to ‘d in. broad, cylindric, acute ;

pericarp smooth, thick, brown. Seeds ovate, flattened, with a shining

margin, ‘6 in. long, -25 in. broad; testa brown, thin.

Perak: Scortechint 630; at Larut Hill, 3000 ft., Derry (Curtes 2706).

The leaves in the two specimens seem at first to differ considerably, but the

flowers agree and we believe the difference is merely due to Scortechini’s leaves coming

from a much older plant.

4, ToXOCARPUS PENANGIANUS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender twin-

ing shrub; branchlets pale brown, striate, hispid with ferruginous-

brown hairs. Leaves chartaceous; lanceolate or oblanceolate, cuspidately

acuminate at apex, acuminately cuneate at base; nearly black, shining

and glabrous except on the midrib on the upper surface, pale and

glabrous on the lower, except on the midrib or main nerves; margins

recurved; 3:5 to 4:5 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. broad; midrib stout, im-

pressed above, raised beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, irregular but

usually at an angle of about 50° with the midrib, slightly curved to

meet an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves few; reticulations

irregular, prominently netted on the under surface ; petiole -25 to °35 in.

long, bordered by the narrow decurrent margin of the blade, densely

rusty-pubescent. Cymes slender, rusty-pubescent, divaricate, reaching

2 in. in length and about 4 in. in breadth, sessile or very shortly

Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula. 523

pedunculate ; branches usually dichotomous, slender, bearing clusters

of flowers at rather long intervals; bracts minute, subulate; pedicels 0

to ‘1 in. long; buds conical; flowers reddish-brown. Calyx hispidly

rusty-pubescent; lobes ovate-acute or rounded, -05 in. long, gland-

dotted. Corolla campanulate; tube as long as lobes; lobes ovate,

margins incurved, ‘1 in. long, shortly villous within. Corona-processes

very small, as long as anthers, bifid at apex. Style-apex columnar,

clavate when young. F7rwt not known.

PEnanGe: at Moniot’s road, Curtis 2303.

5. ToxocaRPUS LANKAWIENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender

twining shrub; branchlets thin with brown bark. Leaves chartaceous ;

elliptic, shortly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both

surfaces greyish-green when dry, glabrous except along the midrib

beneath; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 3:5 in. long, 1:75 to 2 in.

broad ; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath as are the 5 to6

pairs of main nerves which start at an angle of 60° with the midrib and

curve upwards to join in a looped intramarginal nerve ; secondary nerves

few; reticulations irregular; petiole slender, -25 to ‘3 in. long, hispid.

Cymes axillary, sessile, pubescent, ‘5 to 1 in. long, corymbose; the

flowers racemosely clustered on the branches ; bracts persistent, minute,

ovate-acute ; bracteoles similar, in sheathing pairs to each very short

pedicel; buds conical, about -15 in. long; flowers yellowish with purple

glandular dots. Calyx-tube short, ‘05 in. long; lobes ovate-oblong, acute,

ciliate, ‘1 in. long; scales 0. Corolla campanulate; tube -1 to -15 in.

long; lobes triangular-acuminate, blunt, irregular, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long,

pubescent within, both with glandular purple dots. Corona-processes

adherent to the anthers and longer than them, each incurved over the

style-apex and with an upturned lobe on the back. Style-apex columnar,

on a broad annulate base. Hrwt not known.

KepaHu: Langkawi Island, Curtzs 2616.

11. Gontostemma, Wight.

Slender climbing shrubs with warted bark. Leaves opposite.

Flowers in interpetiolar, lax, many-flowered, paniculate cymes. Calyx

5-partite; lobes rounded, with 5 glandular scales at the base within.

Corolla campanulate-rotate ; tube lined by a toothed membrane; lobes

overlapping to the left. Corona short, thick; the 5 processes combined

in a 5-lobed tube adherent to the base of the staminal-column; the lobes

triangular, shorter than the column. Stamnal-column attached to

the base of the corolla-tube, fleshy, much shorter than the style ;

anthers slender; appendages erect around the style-apex; pollen-masses

524 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

single or in pairs in each cell attached to minute pollen-carriers without

caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex 5-angled below, produced

above in a long fusiform tip. JF rut of 2 follicular mericarps; follicles

nearly parallel, thick, lanceolate. Seeds large, flattened, broadly

winged ; cotyledons elliptic, nerved; radicle cylindric. — Disrris.

One species.

GONIOSTEMMA ACUMINATUM, Wight Contrib. 62 (1834). A slender

climbing shrub; stem glabrous, pustular; branchlets with smooth

brown bark. Leaves somewhat fleshy when green, chartaceous and

wrinkled when dry; ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate to

almost rounded at base; dark green, when dry dark olive-green on the

upper and pale brown on the lower surface; margins recurved; 3 to

5 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib broad, conspicuous and usually

pale on the upper, obscure on the lower surface; main nerves very

obscure, about 10 to 14 pairs, at about 70° with the midrib, straight to

join an obscure intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many, irregular ;

reticulations indistinct; petiole slender, -75 to 1:25 in. long, channelled

above. Cymes axillary or terminal, paniculately corymbose, reaching

6 to 7 in. in length and 5 to 6 in. in breadth, 2-to 3-chotomous; main

peduncles slender, 1:5 to 3 in. long or sometimes 0; primary branches

1 to 2 in. long, remainder smaller by degrees; pedicels slender, -2 in.

long; bracts minute, acute; flower-buds oblong, ‘2 to ‘3 in. long; flowers

cream-coloured. Calyx-lobes orbicular, ‘05 in. long, ciliate on the

margins, gland-dotted near the base, usually with 5 minute scales

within, alternate with them. Corolla-lobes oblong-acute, glabrous,

-15 in. long; tube ‘1 in. long, lined within by a membrane which ends

in 5 triangular acute ciliate teeth. Style-apex fusiform, -1 in. long.

- Follicles thick, recurved so as to lie nearly parallel and nearly meet

at the tips, which are slightly hooked; 4 to 6 in. long, -75 in. broad;

pericarp smooth. Seeds many, flat, ovate, -75 in. long, -25 in. broad,

ending in a broad flat beak, surmounted by a 2 in. long white silky

coma; margins winged ; testa thin, brown; albumen scanty; cotyledons

oblong, 3-nerved, -2 in. long, 1 in. broad; radicle cylindric, :15 in.

long. Wall. Cat. 8242; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 504. Toxocarpus

acuminatus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 747; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 15.

PENANG: on Government Hill, 1000 to 1200 ft., Curtes 244;

Hullett 182. Prax: at Thaipeng and Sungie Larut, Wray 2369, 2868,

3046; clinging to trees in dense forest near Larut, Kong’s Collector

(Kunstler) 2520, 6546, 6686, 10490.—Distris. India (Sylhet, Wallich

8242).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 525

12. GenrantHus, Hook. f.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. lowers small, in clusters in

axillary, subsimple or dichotomously branched, often racemose or spicate

cymes. Calyx very small, 5-fid; scales 5, between the bases of the

lobes within. Corolla rotate; tube short; lobes narrow, spreading or

recurved, villous on the inner face, valvate. Corona of 5 often lobed

processes adnate to the back of the staminal-column and often longer

than it. Stanwnal-column short; anthers erect ; appendages short,

around the style-apex and shorter than it; pollen-masses 2 in each cell,

rounded, granular, on a small curved pollen-carrier without caudicles.

Ovary of 2 carpels; style thick; style-apex 5-angled below, tip capitate

or long and slender. frwt of 2 divaricate, thickened, usually obtuse,

follicular mericarps; testa thickened, often tomentose. Seeds large,

flattened, winged, with a long silky coma; cotyledons small; radicle

cylindric.—Distris. About 6 species, of India and Malaya.

Leaves more or less lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so beneath :—

Leaves usually under 3 in. long, shortly acuminate; cymes

rarely up to 4 in. long, with close flower-clusters.. -- Ll. G. Maingayi.

Leaves usually over 3 in. long, long-acuminate; cymes reach-

ing 6 in. in length, with distant flower-clusters .. . 2. G Ridleyi.

Leaves elliptic-ovate or -obovate, ferruginous-tomentose ae

neath :—

Main nerves of leaves at about 50° with the midrib; follicles

densely rufous-velvety .. 3. G. rufo-velutinus.

Main nerves of leaves nearly at right ae with ie Ihidribe

follicles glabrous Ao O68 50 .. 4. G. Blumei.

1. GenrantuHus Marneayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 16 (1888).

A slender climbing shrub; branchlets brown, terete, the uppermost

purplish-pubescent ; nodes swollen. Leaves coriaceous; obovate or

oblanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, greyish-green

when dry, the lower surface somewhat paler than the upper, both

shghtly pubescent when young; margins strongly recurved ; 2°5 to 3:5

in. long, 1:25 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib prominent, with a gland at the

base, raised on the lower, impressed on the upper surface, as are the 6

to 7 pairs of main nerves which curve upwards to join a looped intra-

marginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations few, irregular,

rather broad; petiole -25 to ‘d in. long, twisted. Cymes in pairs from

the leaf-axils, up to 4 in. long, bearing clusters of sessile flowers

racemosely arranged; rachis angular, purplish-pubescent; bracts

minute, ovate-acute ; buds clavate; flowers white with a reddish tinge.

Calyx purplish-pubescent without; lobes oblong, obtuse, :05 in. long,

with minute scales alternate with them at the base within. Corolla-

526 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tube short, ‘025 in. long ; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, recurved in flower,

covered within with yellowish villous hairs. Corona-processes 2-lobed,

dark, longer than the staminal-column. Style-apex clavate, acute, -05 in.

long. Frwt not known.

PrERAK: on trees in dense jungle near Lartit, King’s Collector 5119.

SinGaroreE : Maingay (K.D.) 1106.

2. GENIANTHUS RipuEy1, King & Gamble,n. sp. A slender twining

shrub; branchlets striate, with scattered round tubercles and covered

with thick ferruginous pubescence. Leaves fleshy when fresh, charta-

ceous when dry; ovate-oblong or -lanceolate, acuminate at apex,

rounded at base; dark olive-brown, dull and glabrous on the upper

surface, pale and mottled and glabrous on the lower except along the

midrib ; margins recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender, pale, raised on the lower surface, a cluster of small glands at

the base; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, pale, starting at an angle of about

70° with the midrib and curved upwards to meet in loops near the

margin; secondary nerves irregular; reticulations obscure, chiefly

transverse ; petiole rusty-pubescent, twisted, ‘5 to 75 in. long. Cymes

slender, divaricate, rusty-pubescent, racemosely paniculate, reaching

6 in. in length and 8 in. in breadth; peduncles none or short (up to

‘5 in. long); branches slender, the flowers in distinct clusters of about

3 to 5; bracts very small, ovate, deciduous; pedicels slender, up to

about -15 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyx-tube short; lobes ovate-oblong,

rounded, ‘05 in. long, glabrous within, densely ferruginous-villous

without. Corolla-lobes free almost to the base, oblong, bluntly apiculate,

recurved in flower, ‘15 in. long, covered in the upper half within with

a dense white beard. Corona-processes acuminate, longer than the

anthers. Pollen-carrier gland rounded, bifid; pollen-masses obscurely

in fours. Style-apex columnar, ‘075 in. long. Fruit not known.

Perak: on Maxwell’s Hill, Audley 2988; Scortechina 1172; at

Lartt, 3000 to 3500 ft., King’s Collector 2612.

3. GENIANTHUS RUFO-VELUTINUS, King & Gamble, n.sp. A climbing

shrub; branches and branchlets stout, densely clothed with soft choco-

late-brown tomentum; nodes somewhat swollen. Leaves coriaceous ;

elliptic-ovate or -obovate, acuminate at apex, cuneate or attenuate or

rounded at base; upper surface shining, glabrous or slightly villous,

pubescent on the midrib and main nerves; lower surface ferruginous-

villous, especially on the nerves, dull; margins strongly recurved; 4 to

6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, as are the

7 to 9 pairs of main nerves which, leaving the midrib at an angle of

about 50°, are at first straight and then curve upwards to join a rather

obscure intramarginal looped nerve, also impressed ; secondary nerves

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 527

few; reticulations transverse, irregular; petiole stout, ‘75 to 1 in. long,

densely ferruginous-tomentose. Cymes densely ferruginous-tomentose,

few-branched, on ‘25 to ‘5 in. long peduncles, reaching 4 in. long and

broad; branches spicate-paniculate; the flowers in small clusters, sessile

or very shortly peduncled; bracts minute, ovate-acute, deciduous ; buds

oblong-conical; flowers:cream-coloured. Calyx campanulate ; tube short,

‘025 in. long; lobes ovate, glabrous within, as long as tube; scales

between them within 0 or very minute. Corolla-tube short, :05 in. long;

lobes linear-oblong, 1 in. long, densely white-villous within. Corona

adherent to the staminal-column below, free above and longer, each

process furnished with an upturned tooth on the back. Stamens slender,

appendages acute; pollen-carriers semicircular; pollen-masses 2 to each

cell, rounded. Style-apex columnar, ringed at the base. follicles divari-

cate in one straight line, cylindric, very obtuse, 4in. long, about 1 in. broad;

pericarp densely covered with chocolate-brown soft wool. Seeds oblong,

slightly winged, 75 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, produced above in a short

beak broad at the tip which bears a copious whitish silky coma 2 in. long;

testa thin; albumen scanty; cotyledons (immature) oblong; radicle stout.

PrERAK: on large trees in dense forest, King’s Collector 5611, 6865,

6882.

4. GENIANTHUS Buumer, King & Gamble. A climbing shrub; .

branches stout, the size of a swan’s quill, brown, rugose, lenticellate ;

branchlets ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves elliptic-ovate or -obovate,

shortly acuminate at apex, attenuate when young, rounded when old at

base; upper surface glabrous except on the midrib, puncticulate, lower

surface densely ferruginous-tomentose when young, less so when old ;

margins recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib stout, im-

pressed above, much raised beneath, sometimes with small glands at the

base; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, strong, lower ones nearly at right

angles to the midrib, upper at about 60°, at first straight, then curved to

and along the margin, impressed above; secondary nerves none; reticu-

lations netted, obscure; petiole -5 to ‘75 in. long, twisted at base,

tomentose. Cymes subsessile, lateral, up to 3 in. long ; branches divari-

cate, bearing sessile clusters of densely tomentose small flowers; buds

ovoid. Calyz-lobes ovate, acute, densely ferruginous-pubescent without.

Corolla-lobes very short, white-villous within. Corona-processes ending

in a linear-truncate ligule. Style-apex elongate-apiculate. ollzcles 2,

divaricate in a straight line, cylindric, obtuse; tip slightly recurved ; 3 to

4 in. long, ‘75 in. broad; pericarp very thick, smooth, glabrous. Seeds

ovate, °6 in. long, °3 in. broad; margin winged ; tip truncate, bearing a 2

in. long pale brown silky coma ; cotyledons cordate, ‘25 in. long ; radicle

cylindric, -15 in. long. Toxocarpus Blwmet, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII.

528 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

506; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 475. Secamone macrophylla 8. fulva, Bl.

Bijdr. 1050; Hassk. Cat. Bog. 125.

PERAK: at Sungie Larut, Wray 2287; Scortechina—Distrip. Java.

There is some doubt about this species, due to the only specimen of the Java plant

available being very imperfect, while both Wray’s and Scortechini’s specimens are in

fruit only.

Tribe III. CynancHEm.

Filaments of the stamens connate in a column if present; anthers

adnate to the upper part of the style, with membranous appendages.

Pollen-contents of each anther-cell united in a waxy mass; the pollen-

masses opaque, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by short or long

caudicles from which they are pendulous in the anther-cells. Pollen-

carriers turgid, rarely flattened, with a dorsal suture, hard and horny,

reddish-brown to black, attached at the angles of the style-apex..

Corona of 5 processes adnate to the anther-column :—

Stem erect :—

Corona-processes laterally compressed, circinately curved (

at base fs 00 a6 56 .. 13. CanorTroris.

Corona-processes cucullate with an interior horn .. 14. AscLEPtas.

Stem twining :-— ;

Flowers large, fleshy ; corona-processes °5 in. long, adnate

to the column NV. se ae .. 15. RHAPHISTEMMA.

Flowers small, thin; corona-processes about ‘1 in. long,

attached to the base of the column.. ats .. 16. IscHNosTEMMA.

Corona annular, adnate to the base of the column and sur-

rounding it ae ae &e ac .. L7., CYNANCHUM.

13. Catotrorts, Br.

Erect large shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, broad, subsessile.

Flowers medium-sized, in umbellate or subracemose pedunculate cymes,

arising laterally from the stem between the bases of the leaves. Calyx

5-lobed; the lobes with small glandular scales at the base within.

Corolla broadly campanulate or subrotate, divided more than half-way

down in 5 broad valvate lobes which are usually reflexed in flower.

Corona of 5 laterally compressed fleshy processes, adnate to and stand-

ing out as buttresses from the staminal-column, furnished at the base

with an upcurved and involute spur, bifid at the apex or with two

obtuse auricles. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; the

anthers short, broad, somewhat horny at the angled wings; appendages

short, broad, slightly lobed, membranous, inflexed over the style-apex ;

anther-cells a shallow membranous pouch; pollen-masses solitary,

pendulous, flattened, spathulate, attached by slender jointed caudicles to

the oblong, somewhat quadrate, pollen-carrier. Ovary of 2 distinct cells,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 529

joined in a slender style bearing a depressed pentagonal style-apex.

Fruit of 2 large, inflated, fleshy, thick, follicular mericarps. Seeds

ovate, plano-convex, with broad apex surmounted by a coma of long

slender silky hairs.—Distris. Species 4, of Tropical Asia: in India,

China, and the Malay Archipelago, one extending into Africa.

CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 2, ii. 78 (1811).

A large shrub, sometimes almost a small tree; branches stout, fleshy,

with ash-coloured bark; branchlets covered with soft white woolly

tomentum. Leaves somewhat leathery when green, membranous when

dry; elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, acute at apex, cordate at base ;

both surfaces when young covered with very short white cottony

tomentum, when old the upper glabrous, the lower glabrescent; 4 to

8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib broad, with a large gland at the base

on the upper surface ; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest curved down-

wards, the rest upwards to and along the margin; reticulations few,

not prominent; petiole none or extremely short. Cymes densely white-

tomentose, on peduncles 1°5 to 4°5 in. long; branches none or few, 1 to

1-5 in. long, bearing umbels of 6 to 12 flowers on thick pedicels reach-

ing 1 to 1:25 in. long; bracts linear-oblong, deciduous; buds ovoid,

obtuse ; flowers greyish-white with rose or lilac markings, 1 to 1:5 in.

in diam. Calyz-lobes ovate-acuminate, about 15 in. long, cottony

without; glands usually about 3. Corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute,

reflexed in flower, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Corona-processes 25 to ‘35 in. long,

with obtuse auricles on either side near the apex and much incurved

spur at the base ; the keel puberulous. Anther-appendages 2- to 3-lobed,

short, curved over the style-apex. Ovary and style -35 in. long, slender;

style-apex star-shaped, flat, -15 in. broad, the umbo depressed, the horns

of the star bearing the pollen-carriers. ollicles 35 to 5 in. long,

oblong, broad, thick, fleshy, ventricose, pale yellow or green when fresh,

recurved. Seeds numerous, ‘25 to ‘3 in. long by ‘2 in. broad, broadly

ovate, flattened ; testa brown, narrowly margined, minutely tomentose ;

coma 1 to 1:25 in. long; cotyledons ovate-cordate, ‘125 in. long; radicle

05 in. long, ovate, acute. Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 245;

Wight Contrib. 53, and Ill. t. 155, 1564; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 149;

Brandis For. Fl. 331; Griff. Notul. IV. 68, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 397, 398;

_ Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 535; Bot. Reg. t. 58; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

481; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 17; Bot. Mag. t. 6862; Kurz For. FI. IT.

200; Trimen FI. Ceyl. IIT. 148; Cooke Fl. Bomb. IT. 151; Prain Beng.

Plants 688; Watt in Kew Bull. 1900, p. 8. Asclepras gigantea, Willd.

Sp. Pl. 1264; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. IT. 30. “ Hriew”’ and

« Bel-ericu,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. II. 52, 56, t. 31.

PEenanG: Haji Husain for Curtis. Prrax: Wray 2123 (introd.) ;

530 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Scortechim. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1107. Sincapore: Cuming

2408.—Distris. India, Burma, Ceylon, Malay Islands, S. China.

14. Ascuepras, Linn.

Perennial herbs or shrubs, often with tuberous roots, juice milky,

stems usually erect. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers in peduncu-

late or sessile umbels, terminal or lateral between the leaves, usually

orange-yellow, red or green. Calyx deeply 5-partite, with 5 to 10

glandular scales within at the base. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-lobed ;

the lobes valvate or slightly overlapping in bud, lobes usually reflexed

when open. Corona of 5 processes arising from the staminal-column

and adnate to it above; lobes erect, concave-cucullate, with usually a

tooth-horn protruding from within. Stamens affixed to the base of the

corolla; the filaments connate ina tube; anthers with a membranous ap-

pendage inflexed over the style-apex; pollen-masses pendulous, flattened,

solitary in each anther-cell, attached to the hard pollen-carriers by

caudicles. Styles free below, connected above; style-apex columnar,

truncate or depressed and often umbonate at tip. follicles variable,

smooth or softly echinate. Seeds comose.—DistRis. Species many,

chiefly of Africa and America, 2 only in Arabia and the Orient, and 2

naturalized in most warm regions. |

ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA, Linn. Sp. Pl. I. 215 (1753). A perennial

erect herb; stems 2 to 3 ft. high, pale, glabrous, smooth. Leaves lanceo-

late, acuminate at apex, cuneately acuminate at base, glabrous on both

surfaces ; 2°5 to 5:5 in. long, ‘0 to 1 in. broad; midrib slender, raised

beneath ; main nerves 12 to 15 pairs, irregular, curving upwards at an

acute angle; reticulations not very prominent ; petiole -25 to -5 in. long.

Umbels lateral and terminal, 6- to 12-flowered; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long,

puberulous ; pedicels ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, puberulous; buds ovoid; flowers

orange-scarlet. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, :15 in. long, puberulous ;

scales minute. Corolla reflexed when open; lobes oblong, acute, °2 to

‘25 in. long, glabrous, slightly overlapping to the right in bud. Corona-

processes arising about ‘1 in. above the base of the staminal-column,

spathulate-cucullate, -1 to -15 in. long with a protruding horn as

long as themselves arising from the base within and curved inwards

over the staminal-column. Anthers auricled at base; appendages

orbicular, inflexed over the style-apex. Style-apex columnar, depressed,

5-angled. follicles lanceolate-acuminate, 3 to 3:5 in. long; pericarp

thin, smooth, glabrous. Seeds elliptic, plano-convex, °2 in. long, 15 in. ©

broad, with a broad, thin margin; testa dark brown, thin, lineate;

coma ‘75 to 1 in. long; cotyledons ovate, small; radicle cylindric,

‘Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 531

nearly as long as cotyledons. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20; Lodd. Bot. Cab.

t. 349; Bot. Reg. I. t. 81; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 566; Dalz. and

Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 54; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 485; Baill. Hist. des

Pl. X. 221, figs. 157-165 ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 18; N. E. Brown in

Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. IV. i. 328; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 180; Prain Beng.

Plants 689.

Perak: Scortechint. Jonore: Curtis. Smncapore: Hullett 85. An

introduced plant, now naturalized in Africa, India and Malaya, chiefly

in waste places near villages——Distris. Tropical America, where

native.

15. RHAPHISTEMMA, Wall.

Climbing glabrous shrubs with milky juice. Leaves opposite, mem-

branous. lowers in axillary long-peduncled umbelliform or subrace-

mose cymes, large, white, long-pedicelled. Calyx deeply 5-fid or

5-partite, 5-glandular within at base. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed ;

lobes spreading, twisted in bud, overlapping to the right; tube broad.

Corona-processes 5, membranous, subulate-acuminate, adnate to the

staminal-column and produced above it to twice its length. Stamens

affixed to the base of the corolla; filaments connate in a short tube;

anthers with an inflexed membranous appendage; pollen-masses one in

each cell, oblong, not compressed, pendulous, waxy, attached to the thick

hollow furrowed hard pollen-carrier by short clavate caudicles. Ovary

of 2 carpels; style distinct to near the top; style-apex large, fleshy,

5-lobed, convex at tip. Fruit of (by abortion) 1 thick, fleshy, smooth,

subventricose follicle. Seeds plano-convex, margined, comose.—DistRIB.

Two species; one of India and Burma and the Malay Peninsula, the

other of Java.

RHAPHISTEMMA PULCHELLUM, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 50, t. 163 (1831)

and Cat. 82214. A glabrous climbing shrub; branches greyish-brown

when dry, terete, much twisted; the nodes with a line of small glands

between the leaf-petioles. Leaves membranous; ovate-acuminate at

apex, cordate at base, with wide sinus often °75 to 1 in. deep; lower

surface pale when dry ; 3 to 7 in. long, 2°5 to 4°65 in. broad ; midrib pro-

minent, bearing at its base a cluster of subulate small fleshy glands;

main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 to 3 pairs radiating from opposite

the gland-cluster, the rest curving upwards and anastomosing near the

margin, raised beneath; reticulations few, conspicuous, transverse ;

petiole 2 to 5 in. long, sulcate above. Cymes 4- to 6-flowered ; pedun-

cle 1:5 to 5 in. long; branches few; pedicels slender, ‘5 to 2 in. long ;

bracts short, lanceolate, deciduous ; buds oblong, ‘5 to 1 in. long; flowers

white, thick. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, variable in size, usually -15 to

‘2 in. long; glands minute. Corolla-lobes oblong, obtuse, reflexed in

532 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

flower, ‘5 in. long; tube longer. Corona-processes subulate-acuminate,

membranous, °d in. long, ‘1 in. broad. Anthers horny, yellowish, smooth,

sagittate at base; appendages rounded, membranous, incurved over the

stigma. Style-apex 5-lobed; the lobes horned; tip umbonate, minutely

pitted. ollicles solitary, fusiform, turgid, somewhat saccate at base,

the apex obtuse with a short hook; pericarp leathery, smooth. Seeds

plano-convex with a broad margin, ovate, ‘4 in. long, with a broad apex

bearing a silky coma 1 to 2 in. long; testa brown, thin; cotyledons

ovate, cordate, ‘125 in. long; radicle cylindric, -75 in. long. Wight

Contrib. 55; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VILL. 516; Paxt. Bi Garda 7.

101; Paxt. Mag. XIV. 27, with fig.; Fl. des Serres t. 223; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. IT. 477; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 19; Prain Beng. Plants 691.

Asclepias pulchella, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, Fl. Ind. IT. 54.

Kepau: Coah, Lankawi Island, Curtes 2118. PEnane: Curtis

(cult.). PERAK: in bamboo jungle at about 400 to 600 ft. Ulu Bubong,

King’s Collector 10483. Stnearore: Deschamps (cult.); G. King (cult.).—

Distris. India (Sikkim, Chota Nagpur, Sylhet, Assam and Cacher),

Burma.

16. Isconostemma, King & Gamble, nov. gen.

Twining slender undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in slender

few-flowered, lateral, pedunculate umbels ; pedicels filiform. Calyx 5-fid ;

lobes acuminate. Corolla rotate; tube short; lobes long, slender, over-

lapping to the right, twisted to the left in bud. Corona of 5 mem-

branous lanceolate flattened processes attached to the base of the

staminal-column. Staminal-column attached to the base of the corolla-

tube; anthers slender; appendages short, membranous, obtuse, connivent

over the style-apex; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, pendulous, ellipsoid,

attached by slender clavate descending caudicles to the crustaceous

pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style connate above; style-apex

5-angled; tip rounded. Frwt of 1 (or 2 ?) long-acuminate slender,

follicular mericarps; testa thin, smooth. Seeds small, flat, winged,

nearly orbicular, comose; albumen scanty; cotyledons small, ovate;

radicle cylindric.—Distris. One species; Malay Peninsula and Philip-

pine Islands.

IsCHNOSTEMMA SELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ slender

twining greyish undershrub; branchlets slender, terete. Leaves mem-

branous, variable ; ovate-lanceolate obovate or oblanceolate, mucronate

at apex, attenuate at base; glabrous and pale green on both surfaces ;

1 to 1°75 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib broad, flattened ; main

nerves 4 to 6 pairs, very faint, curving upwards to meet in a faint intra-

marginal nerve ; reticulations obscure ; petiole slender, -25 to -5 in. long.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 533

Umbels usually 3- to 5-flowered ; peduncles -75 in. long ; bracts minute,

subulate; pedicels filiform, ‘5 to °75 in. long; buds conical; flower

yellow. Calyx cleft to the base ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, -lin. long.

Corolla-tube very short ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, ‘2 in.long. Corona-

processes acuminate, erect, longer than the column. Style-apex hemi-

spheric at tip. ollicles lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2°5 in. long, ‘25 in.

broad; testa thin, smooth. Seeds flattened, nearly orbicular, ‘175 in.

long, ‘1 in. broad, broadly winged; testa brown, thin, slightly granular ;

embryo very small, -03 in. long in all.

SELANGOR: at Kwala Selangor, in mangrove swamps, Ridley 7564.—

Distris. Philippine Islands, in Central Luzon (Loher 4039, 4040).

17. Cynancuum, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, erect or twining. Leaves opposite. Flowers

small, in sessile or pedunculate corymbose or umbellate cymes or

racemes, subaxillary or lateral between the bases of the petioles. Calyx

5-partite, with 5 to 10 glandular scales within or eglandular. Corolla

deeply 5-fid, rotate or campanulate; lobes slightly overlapping to the

right in bud, more or less twisted. Corona arising from the staminal-

column at or near the base, often membranous, annular, cupular or

tubular, toothed or lobed at the top or divided more or less deeply into

5 entire or toothed processes. Stamwnal-colwmn arising at or near the

base of the corolla; filament part varying from none to rather long and

slender; anthers hardened; appendages membranous, erect or inflexed

over the style-apex; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, oblong, not com-

pressed, pendulous, attached by a caudicle to the rather large horny

pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; styles free below; style-apex

5-lobed, truncate, conical or rostrate. Fruzt of 2 smooth follicular

mericarps, winged or entire, sometimes with tubercular processes.

Seeds plano-convex, tipped with a silky coma.—Distris. Cosmopolitan,

species about 100.

Leaves ovate or oblong, not cordate at base; peduncles short;

follicles smooth .. 60 as Me .. Ll. C. ovalifolium.

Leaves ovate, deeply cordate at base; peduncles long ; follicles

with soft hooked spines at “ie ae .. 2. C. corymbosum.

1. CyNANCHUM OVALIFoLIUM, Wight Contrib. 57 (1834). A nearly

glabrous, small twining shrub; branchlets very slender, terete, pale

brown. Leaves membranous ; ovate or oblong, acuminate at apex,

rounded or subacute at base, often furnished with one or two small

axillary, unequal-sided leaflets at the base of the petiole; both surfaces

glabrous, lower pale; margins slightly recurved ; 3 to 4:5 in. long, 1:25

534 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

to 2 in. broad; the axillary leaflets about -5 in. long; midrib rather

broad, channelled above; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, at first straight, then

curved upwards to form a looped intramarginal nerve near the edge;

secondary nerves few; reticulations few, obscure; petiole ‘5 to “75 in.

long, articulate near the base, the upper side channelled and with a line

of hairs, the base enlarged, those of each pair forming a cup round the

branchlet. Cymes lateral, between the leaves, about 4-to, 8-flowered,

racemose; peduncle ‘5 to ‘7d in. long; pedicels -1 to ‘15 in. long,

puberulous; bracts small, obtuse; flower-buds spherical. Calyz-lobes

ovate, ‘05 in. long; glandular scales 5, minute, alternate with the lobes.

Corolla cleft nearly to the base; lobes concave, obtuse, -15 in. long.

Corona membranous, ‘1 to ‘15 in. deep, cylindric, divided above into 10

or more irregular teeth. Staminal-column rather long; wings horny,

sagittate at base; appendages membranous rounded, crenate, erect or

slightly curved over the style-apex; pollen-masses ellipsoid, waxy,

attached by clavate caudicles to the rather large black pollen-carriers.

Style-apex 5-angled, depressed, with a small rounded tip. follicles

usually 1 only, thickly coriaceous, nearly straight on the dorsal, curved

on the ventral edge, 3 to 5 in. long by -75 to 1 in. broad, tip recurved-

hooked, base slightly gibbous; pericarp smooth. Seeds nearly orbicular,

plano-convex, broadly winged, °3 to °35 in. long, -25 in. broad, ending in

a broad tip which bears a white silky coma 1:5 in. long; testa thin,

granular and wrinkled, dark brown ; cotyledons ovate, obtuse, -1 in. by

‘O75 in.; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long. Wall. Cat. 8226; Hook. f. Fl.

Br. Ind. IV. 23. Cynoctonum ovalifoluum, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII.

529; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 479.

Penane: Wallich 8226; Curtis 871, 1270. Province WELLESLEY:

on the road to Arakuda, Ridley 7029. Perak: Wray 1763, 2061,

2939 ; King’s Collector, 2575, 8385, 8450; Scortechint 789. Manacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 1140. Styeapore: Fidley 10160.—Distris. Java.

2. CYNANCHUM coRYMBOSUM, Wight Contrib. 56 (1834). A slender

climbing shrub; stem rather stout; branchlets terete, glabrous, with

rather long internodes.. Leaves membranous when dry, dull green

when fresh; ovate or orbicular, cuspidately acuminate at apex, cordate

at base with a sinus ‘4 in. deep, ‘d in. broad; under surface pale,

glaucous, upper surface glabrous except the midrib and main nerves;

margins slightly recurved, 2 to 6 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib .

slender, raised beneath, furnished at the base with a tuft of minute

glands; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest 3 pairs spreading from

opposite the gland-tuft, the rest curved upwards to near the margin ;

reticulations rather scanty, chiefly transverse; petiole 1:5 to 3 in. long,

slender. Cymes corymbiform, many-flowered, 2 to 3 in. long, glabrous;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 535

peduncle slender, about 1:5 in. long; bracts minute, subulate; pedicels

slender, ‘5 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyx deeply cleft; lobes ovate, acute,

hyaline on the margins, ‘05 in. long; scales obscure. Corolla cam-

panulate; tube very short; lobes erect, oblong, obtuse, -15 in. long;

margins usually somewhat reflexed. Corona as long as corolla-lobes,

campanulate, irregularly crenately 10- or more lobed with 10 internal

longitudinal folds. Staminal-colwmn inserted at the base of the corolla-

tube; anther-wings broad, horny; cells pocket-like; appendages ovate-

acute; pollen-masses ellipsoid, attached by short clavate caudicles to

the small oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled; tip acuminate,

bifid. Follicles 1 or 2, reddish, lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3 to 5 in.

long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; pericarp thick, densely clothed with soft

reversed-hooked spines -25 to ‘5 in. long. Seeds orbicular-ovoid, ‘5 in.

long and nearly as broad, wrinkled, broadly winged, deeply dentate-

crenate at the lower end ; tip truncate, crowned with a 1 to 1d in. long

white silky coma; testa dark brown, shining, rugose on the dorsal face ;

cotyledons elliptic, -15 in. long; radicle cylindric, acute, -075 in. long.

Wall. Cat. 8222, 8231; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 24. Cynoctonwm

corymbosum, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 528.

Prenane: Wallich. Prax: on shrubs at 300 to 500 ft., King’s

Collector 5301; Scortechint.—Disrris. India (Sikkim, Assam, Sylhet,

Cachar, Nicobar. Islands).

Tribe [V. MARSDENIE.

Stamens with filaments connate into a tube; anthers erect or

incumbent on the style-apex and adnate to it at their base, with flat

or inflated membranous appendages. Pollen-contents of each anther-

cell united into a waxy mass ; pollen-masses opaque, without a pellucid

margin, attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by long or short

caudicles, erect or ascending or horizontal, never entirely pendulous,

sometimes very minute and the caudicles very slender; pollen-carriers

hard and horny, with a dorsal suture, usually dark-coloured.

Corolla-lobes overlapping (sometimes valvate or nearly so in

Gongronena) :—

Corona none .. oc oc oc .. 18. SarcoLosus.

Corona corolline :—

Corolla-lobes long ; style-apex included ; herbs .. 19. PENTASACME.

Corolla-lobes short ; style-apex exserted ; twining shrubs .. 20. Gymnema.

Corona staminal, rarely none :—

Corolla urceolate or campanulate, sometimes rotate :—

Corona-processes fleshy, rounded ae .. 21. GonGRoNEMA.

036 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corona-processes fleshy or membranous, with one or

sometimes two apical teeth, sometimes none .. 22. MARSDENIA.

Corolla hypocrateriform :—

Corolla small or moderate-sized ; corona-processes com-

pressed, beaked 85 .. 23. PERGULARIA.

Corolla large ; corona-processes none or Anttened .. 24. STEPHANOTIS.

Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate; corona-processes

small, on the filament part of the column .. 25. TYLOPHORA.

Corolla-lobes valvate :—

Corolla rotate or subeampanulate :-—

Corona-processes spreading, lower lobes usually dentate

or laciniate, upper lobes tubercular or absent ; leaves not

fleshy ; climbing shrubs re o6 .. 26. H&ETERosTeMMa.

Corona stellate, lower lobes erect or spreading, upper

beaked ; leaves usually fleshy ; epiphytes or epiphytic

climbers .. 20 jes Gey ELOWAS

Corolla urceolate or eclindsic or campanulec corona-pro-

cesses very membranous; epiphytes .. 28. DiscHipta.

Corolla-tube short, lobes long subulate ; finite under-

shrub oc 56 5 oe .. 29. PycNoRHACHIS.

18. Sarcontosus, Br.

Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in

crowded, pedunculate, axillary or interpetiolar corymbiform cymes.

Calyx 5-partite, with 5 minute glandular scales at the base within.

Corolla campanulate or subrotate, 5-fid; the lobes overlapping to the

right. Corona none. Stamens affixed to the base of the corolla ;

filaments connate in a short tube ; anthers broad, ending in a spathulate

inflexed appendage; pollen-masses solitary in each cell, erect, com-

pressed, obovate, attached by long filiform twisted caudicles to the

narrow, long, channelled pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels ;

styles distinct below, ending above in a d-angled style-apex with flat or

slightly rounded tip. Frwt of usually 1 thick globose and smooth or

ovate and 2-keeled follicular mericarp; pericarp fleshy, chartaceous

when dry. Seeds large, marginate, without coma.—Distris. Species

3: two of India, the Malay Peninsula, and the Andaman and Nicobar

Islands ; the third of Java.

SARCOLOBUS GLOBOSUS, Wall. in Asiat. Research. XII. 577, t. 4

(1818), and Cat. 4468. A twining shrub; branchlets slender, smooth,

shining, callose-punctate, pale brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous ;

oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, rounded at

base and usually somewhat unequal-sided ; both surfaces brown when

dry, lower glaucous, young leaves slightly puberulous; margins slightly

recurved ; 3 to 4°5 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib slender, chan-

nelled above and furnished with a small cluster of glands at the base,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 537

raised on the lower surface ; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, broadly arched to

meet in a looped intramarginal nerve rather far from the edge;

reticulations irregular, chiefly transverse; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long,

channelled and puberulous on the upper surface. Cymes many-flowered,

slightly puberulous ; peduncles °5 to -75 in. long, thickened at top below

the corymbs; pedicels -25 in. long, slender; bracts small, triangular ;

buds broadly ovoid. Calyx-lobes scarious, ovate, obtuse, ‘05 to ‘1 in.

long; scales minute, 5 to 10. Corolla-lobes nearly orbicular, pubescent

within, ‘2 in. long, pale purple. Anthers slightly auricled; appendages

much incurved. Style-apex 5-lobed with a rounded tip. ollcle

globose, retuse at apex and base, 4 in. in diam.; pericarp very thick,

with many raised dots. Seeds broadly obovate, flat with a raised |

border, apiculate, ‘7 to 1 in. long; coma none; testa dark brown ;

cotyledons obovate, retuse at apex; radicle small. Wight Contrib. 47,

and Ie. t. 1273; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 625; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

IV. 27; Prain Beng. Plants 693. S. carinatus, Griff. Notul. IV. 53, and

in Ie. Pl. Asiat. t. 410 (not of Wall.).

PERAK: Scortechind 127, 1393; King’s Collector 1028, 1162.

Mauacoa: Griffith 3773. Stneapore: Hullett 32, 648; Ridley 5745.—

Distris. India (Salt Lakes, Calcutta, C. B. Clarke), Burma (Mergui,

Griffith), Borneo (Haviland). A plant of the banks of salt river-creeks.

19. PENTASACME, Wall.

Tufted erect glabrous herbs, with slender simple stems and many

wiry roots, rooting on rocks. Leaves opposite, membranous, narrow.

Flowers yellowish or white, small, in short axillary umbelliform or

racemose cymes; pedicels capillary. Calyx 5-partite, with 5 glandular

scales within. Corolla-tube short, campanulate; lobes narrow, caudate,

twisted, overlapping to the right in bud. Corona-processes 5, on the

corolla-tube, entire or toothed. Staménal-column very short; anther-

appendages membranous; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, erect, ovoid,

waxy, attached near the middle by a slender caudicle to an oblong pollen-

carrier. Ovary of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex 5-angled, conical

or beaked at apex. Frwet of 1 slender terete follicle, straight ; pericarp

thin, smooth. Seeds oblong-spathulate, not or very slightly winged,

_ convex on both surfaces ; cotyledons ovate; radicle cylindric.—Dtsrr1s.

Species 3 or 4: two of India and Malaya, the other Chinese.

PENTASACME CAUDATUM, Wall. Cat. 8234 (1829). A tufted erect

glabrous herb; stems simple, many, slender, 12 to 18 in. long, pale

brown, terete, ‘1 in. in diam.; roots many, slender, twisted, spreading.

Leaves membranous ; linear-lanceolate, long caudate-acuminate at apex,

narrowed at base; pale on both surfaces when dry, under surface

538 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glaucous ; 2 to 4 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent ;

main nerves about 12 pairs, obscure, acutely curving upwards to meet

an intramarginal slightly-looped nerve; reticulations hardly visible;

petiole none or up to -1 in. long; stem clasping at base. Cymes race-

mose, 1- to 6-flowered, very short; peduncles very short; pedicels

capillary, -2 to ‘25 in. long; bracts minute; flowers white; buds conical.

Calyz-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ‘06 in. long; glands dark.

Corolla-lobes caudate-acuminate from a broad base, -25 in. long; tip

obtuse. Corona-processes short, obscurely 4-lobed behind ; lobes with

several short obtuse teeth in front. ollicles 1-75 to 3 in. long, very

slender, straight; pericarp thin. Seeds ovate-spathulate, with a minute

wing near the base, concave, ‘15 in. long; tip obliquely truncate with a

white silky coma ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; testa thin, brown, papillose; cotyle-

dons ovate, ‘05 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘025 1in. long. Wight Contrib.

60; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 627; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 501; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 28. Spzladocorys angustifolia, Ridley in Trans. Linn.

Spemsers2 lit. 322. t.63.

PERAK: growing on rocks in the beds of streams; Curtis; Ridley

9885 ; Scortechint 1310; Wray 1980; King’s Collector 10685. Panane:

on Tahan river, fidley 2589.—Distris. India (Khasia Hills, Patkoi

Hills, and Sylhet), Burma.

20. GyMNEMA, Br.

Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small,

in crowded sublateral or opposite umbelliform cymes. Calyx 5-partite,

eglandular or with 5 to 10 glandular scales at the base within. Corolla

subrotate, campanulate or urceolate, 5-fid; lobes thick, narrowly over-

lapping to the right in bud or subvalvate. Corona-processes 5, arising

from and adnate to the corolla-tube, either of 5 fleshy lobes adnate up

to the mouth of the corolla-tube with more or less free incurved points,

or of 5 pairs of fleshy ridges on the lower part of the tube, alternating

with the corolla-lobes. Stamnal-column arising from the base of the

corolla; anthers short, erect, with short membranous appendages ;

pollen-masses erect, attached to the pollen-carriers by very short caudicles.

Ovary of 2 carpels; styles free to near the top; style-apex large, conical,

clavate or capitate, exserted beyond the anthers. Frwt of 2 (or 1)

smooth follicular mericarps. Seeds comose.—Distrris. About 20 species,

chiefly Asiatic, two extending to Central Africa, others to Australia.

Corolla-tube short, with corona-processes of 5 fleshy villous

lobes on the throat, the free points exserted in the sinuses :—

Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, tawny-pubescent beneath ; cymes sub-

capitate, shortly peduncled a Oc .. Ll. G. acuminatum.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 539

Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, nearly glabrous; cymes umbellate,

peduncled ne ae cc -- .. 2. G. lactiferum var.

nitens.

Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, tawny-pubescent ; cymes subsessile .. 3. G. Maingayji.

Corolla-tube elongate, with corona-processes consisting of villous

ridges in the lower part of the tube, but no free points in the

sinuses; leaves 2°5 to 6 in. long ae He .. 4. G. tingens.

1. GyMNEMA AcuMINATUM, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nap. 50 (1826); Cat. 8187.

A large twining shrub with corky bark ; branchlets softly tawny-pubes-

cent. Leaves coriaceous; ovate or ovate-elliptic, acuminate at apex,

rounded at base; upper surface glabrous, lower tawny-pubescent ;

margin slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 1°75 to 2-25 in. broad; midrib

stout; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs, curved upwards to anastomose near

the margin; reticulations in a prominent network ; petiole ‘5 in. long.

Cymes in pairs, many-flowered, subcapitate, tawny-pubescent ; peduncle

as long as or shorter than the petiole, pedicels very short. Calyz-lobes

ovate-acute, -05 in. long, pubescent without; scales very small.

Corolla-lobes rounded, the tips incurved, -075 to -1 in. long, glabrous.

Corona of rounded, incurved processes alternate with the corolla-lobes,

with bearded short ridges below them half-way down the tube. <Anthers

short ; appendages erect, rounded, membranous ; pollen-masses oblong,

attached to the pollen-carriers by very short or almost no caudicles.

Style-apex fleshy, globose-conical. ollicles 3 in. long, ovoid, turgid,

beaked, woody, cordate at base; pericarp glabrous. Seeds large, ‘7 in.

long, flat, elliptic, broadly winged, the wing membranous. Wight

Contrib. 45; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 622; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 499 ;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 30; Prain Beng. Plants 694. Cynanchum

acuminatum, Herb. Ham. <Asclepras acuminata, Roxb. Hort. Beng.

21, and Fl. Ind. II. 55.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Cuwrtzs 2811. Matacca: Griffith;

Maingay (K.D.) 1109.—Distris. India (Eastern Bengal and Chitta-

gong), Burma, Java.

2. GYMNEMA LACTIFERUM, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 33

(1808) ; Wight Contrib. 44; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 622; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 30; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 154. G. zeylanicum, Dene.

in DC. l.c. Asclepras lactifera, Linn. Sp. Pl. 216.

Var. nitens, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 31. A twining shrub ; branch-

lets smooth, dark brown, glabrous, the uppermost pubescent. Leaves

membranous when dry and reddish brown ; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate

at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both surfaces or the midrib and

nerves beneath pubescent ; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, -75 to 1:5

in. broad ; midrib slender ; main nerves about 6 pairs, curving acutely

upwards to an irregular intramarginal nerve, not prominent ; reticula-

540 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tions faint ; petiole slender, -3 to -4 in. long. Cymes in pairs, opposite,

alternate with the leaves, minutely pubescent; umbels racemose, with

minute persistent bracts 10- to 12-flowered; peduncles -25 in. long ;

pedicels slender, -1 to -15 in. long; buds ovoid. Calyxz-lobes ovate with

scarious margins, ‘05 in. long; glands 5, subulate, black. Corolla ‘075 in.

long; lobes as long as tube, rounded. Corona of 5 pairs of bearded

ridges on the corolla-tube alternate with the lobes, and with small

rounded incurved tips. Anther-appendages rounded, minutely erose;

pollen-masses spathulate, connected by short jointed rounded caudicles

to the oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex globose. Frwt not seen.

G. mtens, Blume Mus. Bot. I. 149, t. 29; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 498.

G. Malayanum, Griff. Notul. IV. 56, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 394.

PENANG: Curtis. PERAK: Scortechint 2007. Manacca: Maangay

(K.D.) 1110.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo (Motley 383).

3. GymneMA Marneayt, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 31 (1883). A slender

much twining undershrub; branchlets finely tawny-pubescent ; the bark

papery. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate-acuminate at apex,

cordate at base; both surfaces pubescent; the hairs with bulbous bases,

yellow when dry; margins slightly recurved; 1 to 2 in. long, -75 to

lin. broad; midrib prominent, impressed above, sometimes with a small

gland at the base ; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs arching upwards and anasto-

mosing near the margin ; reticulations not easily visible; petiole 125 to

‘25 in. long, curved, easily detached at the base. Cymes subsessile,

pubescent; the peduncle when present short, thickened; pedicels slender,

‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracts most minute; buds oblong-conical. Calyx

deeply cleft, pubescent without; lobes oblong, obtuse, -05 in. long;

scales invisible. Corolla campanulate; tube ‘075 in. long; lobes ovate,

‘025 in. long, glabrous, thickened. Corona of small fleshy obtuse scales

in the sinuses of the corolla-lobes, and a decurrent hairy ridge below

extending about half-way down the tube. Stamenal-column columnar ;

anther-wings long ; appendages rounded, short, scarious ; pollen-masses

clavate, connected by very short jointed caudicles to the nearly globose

pollen-carriers. Style-apex dome-shaped, much exceeding the anthers.

Fruit not known. E

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1111.

4. GYMNEMA TINGENS, Wight Contrib. 45 (1834). A slender climb-

ing shrub; branchlets dark brown, slender, smooth, somewhat thickened

at the nodes. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate-acuminate at ©

apex, rounded shallowly cordate or (when young) slightly cuneate at

base ; both surfaces glabrous, olive-green when dry; margins slightly

recurved; 2:5 to 6 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, raised

beneath ; main nerves 5 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 to 3 pairs rather close ©

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 541

together and more spreading than the rest; reticulations many, obscure ;

petiole slender, °75 to 15 in. long, channelled above. Cymes as long as

or shorter than the petioles, axillary between the leaves, puberulous ;

peduncles slender, ‘5 to -75 in. long; branches few, short, much

thickened, bracteate, bearing spirally racemose many-flowered umbels ;

pedicels capillary, ‘56 in. long; buds conical; flowers pale yellow.

Calyxz-lobes oblong, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, ciliate; glands 5, very small.

Corolla-tube 1 in. long, pubescent within ; lobes ‘15 in. long, narrowly

oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corona of thickened hispidly bearded broad

ridges inside the corolla-tube a little way below the sinuses of the lobes;

no free scales at the sinuses. Stamenal-colwmn slender, ‘15 in. long ; appen-

dages ovate, membranous, erect ; pollen-masses oblong-clavate, attached

to the ovoid pollen-carriers by very short clavate caudicles. Style-apex

elongate, clavate, much exceeding the anther-column. Follacles solitary,

slender, straight or very slightly curved, 5 to 6 in. long, -4 to ‘5 in.

broad, point acuminate; pericarp smooth, ribbed. Seeds elliptic, flat,

‘5 in. long, °3 in. broad, with a broad wing, base obtuse, apex slightly

produced and truncate, surmounted by a white silky coma 1°65 in. long ;

testa thin, dark brown; cotyledons elliptic, ‘15 in. long; radicle cylin-

dricyeOVo in: long. “Walls Cats 8190; Took. f£) Hl. Br. Mind TV. 31;

Prain Beng. Plants 694. G. tengens var. cordifolia, Wight Ic. t. 593.

Bidaria tingens, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 623, partly. Asclepias

tungens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, and Fl. Ind. II. 53.

Perak: at Ulu Bubong, 400 to 600 feet, clinging to large trees,

King’s Collector 10242; at Chanderiang under 300 feet, 7b. 5747.—

Distris. India, Burma.

91. GonGRoNEMA, Dene.

Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in

sessile or pedunculate or branching cymes, often umbelliform, in one of the

axils of a pair of leaves, often with thickened tuberculate bracteate rachises

(as in Hoya). Calyx 5-partite, glandular or eglandular within. Corolla

urceolate subrotate or broadly campanulate; the lobes narrowly over-

lapping to the right (valvate in G. Wrayz). Corona-processes 5, adnate

to the staminal-column near the base, usually small and rounded, some-

times large, erect. Staminal-colunm inserted at the base of the corolla,

short; anther-appendages membranous, inflexed over the style-apex ;

pollen-masses solitary in each cell, erect, ovoid, waxy, attached by

slender curved caudicles to rather large ellipsoid pollen-carriers. Ovary

of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex conical or convex. frwt of 2

(more usually 1) smooth, acuminate follicular mericarps. Seeds

comose.—Distris. Species about 10; Asiatic, African, and Australian.

542 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla urceolate; cymes shorter than the petioles; corona

rounded, more or less adherent to the staminal-column :— ;

Leaves rounded at base; caudicles of pollinia curved, slender 1. G. Wallichii.

Leaves cordate at base; caudicles of pollinia clavate eel) 2s Gre OUntisies

Corolla campanulate; cymes longer than the petioles; corona

ligulate, angularly bent upwards; caudicles slender, straight.. 3. G. bracteolatum.

Corolla campanulate, almost hypocrateriform; cymes shorter

than the petioles; corona dorsally flattened below, radically

flattened above; caudicles long, much curved Ae wo) 42 Ge Waray:

1. GoneronemA Wauuicuil, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 624 (1844).

A small twining shrub; branchlets slender, pale brown, smooth. Leaves

firmly membranous; elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate, shortly acuminate

at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, the lower paler ;

margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender, impressed above, raised beneath, with a small tuft of glands at

the base just above the petiole; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, arched

upwards to meet in a prominent intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary

nerves and reticulations few, irregular; petiole -d to ‘75 in. long,

slender, twisted. Cymes subsessile, racemiform, few-flowered, shorter

than the petioles, on a stout rachis tuberculate with many persistent

small rounded imbricate bracts; pedicels slender, -1 to :15 in. long;

buds globose. Calyxz-lobes ovate-acute, scarious, ‘05 in. long; scales

5, minute. Corolla urceolate ; tube ‘1 in. long, nearly globose, minutely

hairy within ; teeth acuminate, erect or spreading, ‘05 in. long. Corona-

processes broad, somewhat incurved, rounded at the tip from a broad

base, adherent to the base of the staminal-column, fleshy. Stamznal-

column short; appendages membranous, acuminate; pollen-masses

oblong-ovoid, attached by slender curved caudicles to the ovoid pollen-

carriers. Style-apex shortly 5-lobed, with a conical apiculus. Follicles

slender, straight or gently curved, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 in.

long, -3 to -4 in. broad; pericarp smooth. Seeds ovate, spathulate,

flattened, °3 to ‘35 in. long, twisted, with a broad wing. Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 500; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 33. Gymnema Wallichu, Wight

Contrib. 46; Wall. Cat. 8195a.

Province WELLESLEY: Ridley 7029. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.)

3770; Maingay (K.D.) 1113.—Distris. Borneo (Haviland 3508).

2. GONGRONEMA Curtis, King & Gamble, n.sp. A slender small

twining shrub; branchlets pale brown, slender, smooth; innovations

tawny-pubescent. Leaves membranous when dry; elliptic-lanceolate

or -obovate, broadly acuminate at apex, shortly cordate at base;

tawny-pubescent on both surfaces when young, glabrescent when

older, except on the margins and midrib, under surface pale grey; 2°5 to

3 in. long, ‘75 to 1-5 in. broad; midrib broad, prominent beneath, with

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 543

a small glandular tuft at the base just above the petiole; main nerves

5 to 6 pairs, very faint, curved upwards to a faint intramarginal nerve ;

reticulations not distinguishable; petiole slender, °5 to :75 in. long,

twisted at base. Cymes shorter than the petioles, pubescent, sessile or

very shortly pedunculate, 2-flowered with a thickened bracteate rachis ;

pedicels slender, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long; buds globose-conical; flowers pale

green. Calyx-lobes ovate-acute, pubescent, ciliate, -075 in. long;

scales about 10. Corolla urceolate; tube -15 in. long, pubescent

within; lobes oblong, acute, spreading, twisted, -1 in. long. Corona-

processes rounded, curved downwards, attached to the base of the

anthers, columnar, fleshy. Anthers short; appendages erect, mem-

- branous, triangular-ovate; pollen-masses oblong-ovoid, waxy, attached

by slender slightly clavate caudicles to the rather large ovate pollen-

carriers. Style-apex of a 5-lobed flattened ring, surrounded by a large

rounded conical apiculus. F'rwit not known.

Penane: on West Hill at 2000 ft., Curtzs 1545. Prrax: at Lower

Camp, Gunong Batu Patch, Wray 1011.

3. GONGRONEMA BRACTEOLATUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small

twining shrub; branchlets rather stout, brown, uppermost minutely

puberulous. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,

cordate at base; when young puberulous, when old glabrescent, except

on the midrib; margins recurved ; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;

midrib rather stout, keeled above, furnished with a tuft of small glands

at the base just above the petiole; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, acutely

curving upwards to join in a looped intramarginal nerve; reticulations

obscure; petiole °75 to 1 in. long, curved. Cymes longer than the

petioles, racemose, on ‘d to ‘75 in. long, thickened, many-bracted rachises

at the ends of the peduncles; peduncles thick, woody, °5 in. long;

pedicels ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; bracts ovate-acute; buds conical; flowers

yellow. Calyxz-lobes ovate-acute, glandular, ciliate, scarious, ‘05 in.

long; scales 10, minute. Corolla campanulate, broad; tube ‘1 in. long,

pubescent within ; lobes triangular, ovate-acute, spreading, 15 in. long.

Corona-processes attached to the back of the staminal-column at its

lower part, thick, fleshy, ligulate, bent in the middle and curving over the

top of the staminal-column and style-apex. Anthers with a short, mem-

branous, acuminate, incurved appendage ; pollen-masses ovoid, attached

by slender straight caudicles to the rather large pollen-carriers. Style-

apex annular, obscurely 5-lobed; the apiculus convex. Frwit not known.

PeRAK: at Goping, King’s Collector 721.

4. GoncRonEMA Wrayl, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender twining

undershrub ; branchlets terete, yellowish, very flexuous. Leaves cori-

aceous, bright green, ovate, bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded and

a44 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

almost cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous, shining; margins

recurved ; 2°5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed

above, raised beneath, with a large gland at its base; main nerves

5 to 7 pairs, at about 70° with the midrib, nearly straight at first, then

often branched, joining an irregular looped intramarginal nerve; secon-

dary nerves many, similar, but not meeting the sinuses of the intra-

marginal nerve; reticulations irregular, usually branched towards the

midrib; petiole slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Cymes axillary, umbellate,

about 5- to 6-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; peduncle thick, about

‘lin. long; bracts triangular, small; pedicels -1 in. long, puberulous ;

flower-buds conical; flowers yellow. Calyx cup-shaped, pubescent

without; lobes orbicular, ciliate, 075 in. long; scales minute. Corolla

thick, campanulate, almost hypocrateriform ; tube cylindric, -15 to -2 in.

long, glabrous on both surfaces; lobes triangular, valvate, stellately

spreading, nearly as long as tube. Corona of 5 erect processes adnate

to the backs of the anthers, very fleshy, ovate, glabrous, dorsally

flattened and concave below, radially flattened and rounded at apex,

much longer than the staminal-column. Stamnal-column short; fila-

ment-tube nearly free from the corona; anther-cells parallel ; appendages

scarious, ovate-acute, incurved over the style-apex; pollen-masses ellip-

soid, granular, attached by very slender long curving caudicles to the

small conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, thick, depressed,

with a conical apex. Fruit not known.

PeRAK: at Relan Tujor, Wray 2243.

22. MarspeniA, Br.

Climbing, rarely erect, shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite.

Flowers small or of moderate size, in umbelliform cymes or in small

sessile umbels or clusters scattered along the branches of the cymes or

of panicles, which are lateral at the nodes or axillary. Calyx 5-partite,

with 5 to many glandular scales at the base within, sometimes eglandu-

lar. Corolla campanulate or urceolate; lobes 5, overlapping to the

right. Corona-processes 5, membranous or fleshy, arising from the

staminal-column, the basal part adnate to it, the apical part free; often

of two lobes one above the other. Stamnal-column arising from or

near to the base of the corolla; anthers erect, with membranous appen-

dages more or less incumbent over the style-apex; pollen-masses erect,

solitary in each anther-cell, oblong, waxy, attached in pairs by

moderately stout caudicles to the ovate horny pollen-carriers. Ovary

of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex large, usually more or less hol-

lowed above and then expanding into a convex or conical or depressed

tip. Fruit of 2 (more usually 1 only, by abortion) lanceolate or poniard-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 545

shaped follicular mericarps; pericarp thick, smooth or wrinkled, or

sometimes winged. Seeds comose.—Distris. About 70 species: in the

tropics of both hemispheres, one South European.

Plant turning blue in drying; flowers small, in clusters in a

thyrsoid panicle; corolla campanulate, lobes short, with tufts

of hair at the mouth; corona-processes subulate-acuminate,

longer than the anthers... -. lL. M. tinetoria.

Plant brown when dry; flowers in ee dtmetikete corymbose

cymes; corolla tubular-campanulate, lobes linear, glabrous;

corona-processes 2-lobed, outer flattened, inner acute, shorter

than the anthers :

Plant greenish-brown ‘ane ie nen in aes in a lone

spike or raceme; corolla urceolate, lobes lanceolate; corona-

processes none or small, and then adnate to the anthers .. 93. M. thyrsiflora.

Plant greyish when dry ; flowers in pedunculate umbels ; corolla

rotate, lobes broadly rounded; corona-processes large, round,

fleshy, with an acute beak shorter than, or equal to, the

anthers or a oe ce .. 4. WM. volubilis.

. M. Seortechinii.

1. MarspEnza TINCTORIA, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 30 (1808).

A climbing shrub; stem stout, smooth; branchlets slender, smooth,

uppermost pubescent, the whole plant when dry having a blueish-black

tinge. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate or ovate-oblong, shortly

and abruptly acuminate, sometimes long caudate-acuminate at apex,

rounded or cordate at base; both surfaces finely pubescent when young,

afterwards glabrous; 3 to 9 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender,

usually pubescent, furnished above at the base and partly on the petiole

with a group or string of small glands; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, not

conspicuous, straight or slightly curved, usually at about 50° with the

midrib; reticulations transverse, slender, obscure; petiole slender,

puberulous, -75 to 1:25 and even 2 in. long, twisted and curved in the

middle. Cymes in densely flowered interrupted clusters along or on the

branches of a thyrsoid panicle reaching 3 to 6 in. in length and °5 to

1 in. in diam., grey-puberulous ; peduncles ‘5 to 1°5 in. long; pedicels

slender, -15 in. long; buds ovate; flowers yellow, blue when dry. Calyz-

lobes ovate, pubescent without, ciliate, 3- to 5-nerved, membranous,

‘05 in. long; glandular scales 5, minute. Corolla cylindric-campanulate;

tube slightly constricted at mouth, furnished within with 5 lines of

retrorse stiff hairs ‘075 in. long; lobes rounded, erect or spreading in

flower, ‘025 to ‘05 in. long, each furnished within with a tuft of stiff

bristles. Corona-processes membranous; the apex subulate-acuminate,

longer than the anthers. Anthers with membranous incurved appen-

dages; pollen-masses oblong, attached by long somewhat clayate

546 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

caudicles to the rather small pollen-carrier. Style-apex annular, 5-rayed;

the top depressed with a very short umbo. Follicle 1, pendulous ;

linear-lanceolate, 3 in. long, ‘5 in. in diam., somewhat gibbous at base,

acuminate and slightly hooked at tip; pericarp pubescent. Seeds com-

pressed, ovate, shortly beaked, -5 in. long, ‘25 in. broad, with a narrow

wing. Wight Contrib. 40, and Icones t. 519; Wall. Cat. 8173; Griff.

Notul. IV. 52, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 389; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 615;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 491; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 34; Brandis For.

Fl. 332; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 201; Prain Beng. Plants 696. M. mono-

stachya, Wall. MSS. Asclepias tenctorra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and FI.

Ind. IT. 43. Pergularia tenctorta, Spreng. Syst. 1.844. P. parviflora,

Blume Bijdr. 1056. Cynanchum tingens, Hort. Ham.

Kepau: King’s Collector 1731. Perak: fidley 9672 (in very young

fruit and in some respects slightly different-looking) ; Scortechini

1299.—Disrris. India (Sikkim, Assam, and EH. Bengal), Burma,

Sumatra, Java, Borneo, China.

The description of the fruit requires verification for the Malay Peninsula.

9. Marspenta Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining

shrub; branchlets very slender, pale brown. Leaves membranous when

dry ; ovate, long-acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both

surfaces slightly puberulous when young, afterwards glabrous, brown

when dry; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender, with a

tuft of small glands at the base above the petiole; main nerves 5 to 7

pairs, curving upwards to anastomose near the margin; reticulations

many, transverse and netted; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, twisted.

Cymes axillary between the petioles, pedunculate, corymbose, puberulous,

about 1 in. long and broad; peduncles ‘5 in. long; flowers very many ;

buds conical-acuminate; pedicels ‘15 in. long; bracts ovate-acuminate.

Calyx-lobes oblong, acute, membranous, ciliate, -1 in. long; scales 5,

minute. Corolla tubular-campanulate; tube -1 in. long, glabrous

within ; lobes linear-oblong, ‘15 in. long, glabrous. Corona-processes

membranous, bifid; outer lobe flattened, rounded ; inner erect, acute,

shorter than the anther-column. Anthers with prominent cells ; appen-

dages membranous, acute, erect ; pollen-masses large, oblong, attached

by rather short caudicles to the rather large ovate, channelled, pollen-

carriers. Style-apex rounded at top, bearing a rather large dome-shaped

apex. rut not known.

Perak: at Tjuk, Scortechim 1162.

3. MARSDENIA THYRSIFLORA, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 37 (1883).

A climbing shrub; branches pale brown, terete ; uppermost branchlets

minutely puberulous. Leaves membranous; broadly ovate or deltoid-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5AT

ovate, acuminate at apex, deeply (often 1 to 1:25 in.) cordate at base,

the sinus ‘5 to -75 in. broad; glabrous on both surfaces on young leaves

only, slightly puberulous on the nerves beneath; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to

6 in. broad; midrib rather broad with a cluster of small glands at its

base; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, the lowest 1 to 2 pairs in the basal

lobes deflexed, the others curving upwards to anastomose near the

margin; reticulations slender, prominent; petiole 1 to 3:5 in. long,

terete. Cymes lateral, 4 to 6 in. long, puberulous, spicate or racemose ;

rachis flexuous, somewhat flattened ; flowers in clusters of about 3 to 6

on a tubercular base ; bracts small, acute; pedicels slender, -1 in. long ;

buds ovoid. Calyx deeply cleft; lobes ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, the

margins hyaline; scales long, subulate. Corolla urceolate, glabrous

without and within; lobes short, much thickened, lanceolate. Corona-

processes none, or reduced to a rounded film attached to the back of the

anthers. Stamens with small spurs to the anthers; appendages long,

acuminate, connivent over the style-apex. Style-apex 5-lobed, flat, with

a fusiform tip. Jollcles (usually 1 only) lanceolate, 2 in. long, -25 in.

broad, recurved, acuminate; pericarp thinly coriaceous, smooth,

glabrous. Seeds ovate, 2 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, broadly winged; coma

short, white-silky; testa very thin, pale brown; cotyledons elliptic,

‘025 in. long; radicle as long as cotyledons. Prain Beng. Plants 696.

M. tinctorva in part, Herb. Hook. f. and Th.

PAHANG: at Talian river, Frdley 2414.—Disrris. India (Assam,

Khasia Hills, jheels of Lower Bengal).

4. MarspENIA vouuBiLis, T. Cooke, Fl. Bomb. II. 166 (1904). A

stout climbing shrub with rough brown corky bark; branchlets

pale brown with occasional lenticels; innovations whitish-puberulous.

Leaves somewhat coriaceous when fresh, membranous when dry;

broadly ovate or suborbicular, acuminate at apex, cordate or truncate or

rounded, occasionally slightly cuneate at base; young leaves minutely

tomentose, especially on the under surface, afterwards glabrous, ashy

grey when dry; 2°5 to 6 in. long, 1°75 to 4:5 in. broad; midrib stout,

raised beneath, furnished with a few small glands in a cluster at the

base adjoining the petiole; main nerves also raised beneath, 4 to 6

pairs, the lowest 2 pairs from close by the base, spreading and curving

~ upwards; reticulations prominent, usually raised, larger ones transverse;

petiole ‘5 to 1-5 in. long, stout or slender. Cymes umbellate, glabrous

or mealy-pubescent, many-flowered ; peduncles 1 to 2 in. long, slender,

arising from between the petioles; bracts ovate-acuminate, sometimes

leafy; pedicels slender, -25 to 1 in. long; buds globose, depressed ;

flowers bright green. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, ciliolate, -1 in.

long; glandular scales 5, minute, between the lobes. Corolla rotate,

548 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

deeply divided; tube -1 to ‘15 in. long; lobes rounded, rather longer,

glabrous without and usually within. Corona-processes large, fleshy,

rounded, with a short beak extending over the top of the staminal-

column and style-apex. Staminal-colwmn arising from the base of the

corolla; appendages membranous, ovate, obtuse, arching over the

stigma; pollen-masses oblong-spathulate, large, waxy, attached by

short thick caudicles to the linear-oblong pollen-carriers. Ovary of

2 pubescent carpels; style-apex dome-shaped. follicles 2 (or 1, by

abortion), broadly lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point, divaricate in a

straight line, 3 to 4 in. long, 1 in. broad; pericarp smooth, yellow,

mealy when young. Seeds broadly ovate, ‘d in. long, -3 in. broad,

broadly winged; the tip truncate, with a 2 in. long coma of white silky

hairs; testa smooth, shining; cotyledons ovate, °3 by 2 in., flat; radicle

‘Lin. long. Dregea volubilis, Benth. Gen. Pl. 775 ex Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 46; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 161; Prain Beng. Plants 697. Hoya

viridiflora, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. Edinb. I. 27; Wight Contrib. 39,

and in Hook. Bot. Misc. II. 98, t. 1, and Ic. t. 586; Wall. Cat. 8168;

Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 153; Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 387, 388. Asclepias

volubtlis, Linn. f.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. 36. Apocynum tiiefolium, Lamk.

Encycl. I. 214. Wattakaka viridiflora, Hassk. in Flora 1857, 79.

“ Watta-kaka-codi,’” Rheede Hort. Mal. IX. t. 15.

SramMesE States: Pulau Badak, Curtzs 2997.—Distris. India,

Ceylon, Java.

The only Malay specimen available is a poor one, with small umbels and flowers

smaller than in the usual Indian forms, but the structure agrees with the latter.

23. PERGULARIA, Linn.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers of moderate size,

numerous, in pedunculate or subsessile umbelliform cymes, lateral

between the bases of the petioles. Calyx 5-partite; scales within 5 or

none. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube inflated at the base; lobes 5,

erect, overlapping to the right. Corona of 5 erect processes arising

from the base of the staminal-column and adnate to it in the lower

part, free above and with a narrow or subulate process on the inner

face. Staminal-column arising from the base of the corolla; anthers

oblong, erect, with long erect membranous appendages conniving over

the apex of the style; pollen-masses solitary in each anther-cell, erect,

attached in pairs to the pollen-carriers by very short caudicles. Ovary

of 2 carpels; style not exceeding the anther-appendages; style-apex ~

stout, ovoid-pentagonal. ollicles lanceolate, terete, rather turgid.

Seeds ovate, concave, comose.—Distris. About 10 species, chiefly

Indian and Malayan, one in Tropical and South Africa.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 549

PERGULARIA PUBERULA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 495 (1856). A

twining shrub; branchlets slender, terete, puberulous as are the

innovations. Leaves membranous; ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate

at apex, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, puberulous when young,

when older only on the nerves; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib

slender, with a tuft of minute glands at the base above the petiole ;

main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs rather close together, the

rest distant, curving upwards to anastomose near the margin; reticula-

tions transverse, prominent on the lower surface; petiole slender,

puberulous, 1 to 1:5 in. long. Cymes umbelliform, in pairs on the top

of a*d to 2 in. long peduncle, puberulous, many-flowered; bracts minute,

subulate ; pedicels slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long; buds oblong-conical.

Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-obtuse, unequal, ‘05 to ‘1 in. long,

puberulous, ciliate on the margins; scales obscure. Corolla pubescent

without ; tube -25 in. long, inflated below, slightly contracted at the

mouth; lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, hispidly ciliate, as long as tube.

Corona-processes laterally compressed, 2-winged below, beaked above,

the inner face with a subulate curved appendage arching over the

anthers and longer than them. Pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, attached

a little above their bases by very short stout caudicles to the bifid

pollen-carriers. Style-apex rounded-conical. Frwt not known. Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 38.

Prenane: Phillips; at Penara Bakit, Curtis 932.—Distris. Java

(Horsfield, Kurz).

P. minor, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 184, is a garden species found in cultivation in India

and Malaya, and prized for its greenish-yellow scented flowers. Its native home is

uncertain. Mawacca: Griffith.

24. SrEPHANOTIS, Thouars.

Twining shrubs, often long-scandent. Leaves opposite, coriaceous.

Flowers in umbelliform axillary pedunculate cymes, usually large, white

and sweet-scented. Calyx 5-partite, with large lobes; glandular scales

usually none. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube long, cylindric, inflated at

the base; lobes twisted, overlapping to the right. Corona of 5 processes,

_ adnate to the back of the anthers, flattened, sometimes none. Stamunal-

columm arising from the base of the corolla; anthers erect, with

erect or inflexed membranous appendages; pollen-masses solitary in

each anther-cell, erect, attached in pairs to the carriers by very short

caudicles. Ovary of 2 carpels; style short; style-apex conical or

shortly beaked, hardly or not exserted. Fruzt of 2 very thick, obtuse

or acuminate, follicular mericarps. Seeds comose.—Distris. About

550 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

15 species, chiefly from Madagascar, a few from the Malay Archipelago

and China.

SrepHanotis Maineayi, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 39 (1883). A

stout, long-scandent, climbing shrub; branchlets stout, pale brown,

puberulous with retrorse curved tubercular hairs. Leaves coriaceous,

chartaceous when dry; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex,

shortly cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous and yellow when dry ;

margins recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender but

prominent, raised beneath; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair

nearly at right angles to the midrib, the rest at about 45°, nearly

straight, joining towards the margin in a looped intramarginal nerve ;

reticulations distant, transverse; petiole pubescent, ‘d to 1 in. long;

Cymes few-flowered; peduncle 1 to 3 in. long, stout; bracts small,

subulate-acuminate; pedicels stout, puberulous, °75 to 1:5 in. long;

buds elongate-clavate ; flowers pale sulphur-yellow, large, fragrant,

2°5 in. in diam. Calyx glabrous, except at extreme base; tube very

short; lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved with netted reticula-

tions, ‘75 in. long, °3 in. broad; scales none. Corolla-tube 1 in. long,

thick, with 5 thick ridges within opposite the anthers, the hollows

between the ridges filled with brown stiff retrorse bristles; lobes

slightly longer than the tube or equal to it, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-

nate, spreading. Corona none. Staminal-colwmn in all ‘5 in. long,

stout, on a thickened base; anther-wings horny; appendages pale,

oblong, obtuse; pollen-masses oblong, with very short scarcely apparent

caudicles. Style-apex capitate, flattened, on a short column supported

by a thickened ring. F'ruzt not known.

Mauacca: climbing extensively over trees, Maingay (K.D.) 1112.

SincaporE: Hullett 147.

25. TynopHora, Br.

Erect or twining perennials. Leaves opposite. Flowers small,

lateral between the bases of the petioles or axillary, in simple or

branched cymes of flower-clusters or short racemes, or sometimes in

sessile flower-clusters at the nodes of the stem. Calyx 5-partite,

5-glandular within. Corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, deeply

5-lobed, the lobes slightly overlapping to the right. Corona of 5 small

fleshy tubercular processes, adnate to or radiating from the filament

part of the staminal-column and arising from near its base. Stamanal-

column arising from the base of the corolla; anthers erect, small, with

small membranous appendages; pollen-masses very minute, erect, sub-

erect or horizontal, attached by their middle or near their base to very

slender caudicles by which they are affixed in pairs to the pollen-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 501

carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex pentagonal or 5-lobed, de-

pressed, flattened or convex, rarely slightly exceeding the anthers.

Fruit of 2 (or by abortion 1) follicular mericarps, smooth, acute or

acuminate, sometimes inflated or winged. Seeds comose.—DIstTRIB.

About 40 species: widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical

regions of the Old World and Australia.

Leaves and branches and cymes glabrous; corona-processes

globose, without free points above; calyx glabrous :—

Flowers rather large, -3 in. broad at least; leaves usually over

2 in. long :—

Corona-processes globose, shorter than the anthers ; leaves

2°5 to 6 in. long ae -» IL. T. longifolia.

Corona-processes globose, as long as the anthers; leaves

1 to 3 in. long os oe Bc OF

Flowers very small, ‘1 in. broad; leaves under 2in.long .. 3.

Branches and inflorescence more or less pubescent; calyx

pubescent :—

Corona-processes globose, without free tips above; follicles

where known slender, acuminate :—

Leaves glabrous ; corolla very small ae me) che) exits.

Leaves tomentose ; corolla about -3 in. broad .. . T. hirsuta var.

penangensis.

. globifera.

. tenuis.

La a

Corona-processes with small free points above; follicles broad,

yentricose, obtuse :—

Leaves 3 to 6in. long, not or very slightly cordate at base.. 6. T. Wallichii.

Leaves 5 to 7 in. long, deeply cordate at base .. .. 7. T. perakensis.

1. TynopHorsA LonGiFoL1a, Wight Contrib. 50 (1834). A slender

twiner ; stems pale brown, glabrous, striate when dry. Leaves mem-

branous when dry ; ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at

apex, rounded or slightly cordate at base; glabrous on both surfaces ;

2-5 to 6 in. long, ‘75 to 1:75 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath,

with ‘a tuft of minute glands at the base just above the petiole; main

nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs close to the base, the rest sharply

curved upwards to and along the margin, all raised beneath; reticula-

tions scanty, transverse; petiole slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, pubescent

in the channel on the upper surface. Cymes paniculate, glabrous,

lateral between the leaf-petioles, up to 4 in. long; peduncles slender,

1 to 2 in. long; branches divaricate, slender ; fower-clusters distant,

umbellate, 2- to 5-flowered; pedicels capillary, -2 to -3 in. long; buds

ovoid; flowers rather large, up to ‘4 in. in diam., yellowish-green or

-red. Calyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate, ‘025 in. long; scales minute.

- Corolla rotate; tube very short; lobes oblong-lobtuse, 5- to 7-nerved,

membranous, ‘1 in. long. Corona-processes dilated, globose, shorter

502 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the anthers. Anthers broad ; appendages short, incurved; pollen-

masses ovoid, horizontal, attached by minute straight caudicles to

the slightly spurred pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex

pentagonal, tip convex. Jollicles 2, divaricate at right angles,

lanceolate, poniard-shaped, long-acuminate, 3:5 to 4:5 in.long, -25 in.

broad; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds oblong, broadly winged, -4 to

‘ in. long, -15 to -2 in. broad, base rounded; tip broadly truncate,

bearing a white silky coma 1:5 in. long; testa thin, dark brown,

smooth ; cotyledons elliptic, (075 in. long, nerved; radicle cylindric,

05 in. long. Wall. Cat. 8205; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 608; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 42.

PERAK: on Maxwell’s Hill, 3500 ft., Wray 4185; do. Ridley 5514 ;

Scortechim ; at 3500 to 4000 ft., Avng’s Collector, 3317, 3318, 6301; at

Cottage Hill, 4000 to 6000 ft., Curtzs 145, 2087.—Distris. India

(Sikkim, Khasia Hills, Sylhet).

2. TyLOPHORA GLOBIFERA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 41 (1883). A

slender, glabrous, twining undershrub; branchlets glabrous, terete.

Leaves membranous; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,

rounded or slightly cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous, smooth ;

margins slightly recurved; 1 to 3 in. long, ‘5 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib

slender, raised beneath; main nerves 4 to 7 pairs, at first nearly straight,

then curving to join in an intramarginal looped nerve; petiole ‘25 to

‘5 in. long, slender. Cymes long-peduncled, compressed, few-flowered,

more or less umbellate; peduncles about 1 in. long; bracts lanceolate-

acuminate ; pedicels filiform, ‘5 to :75 in. long; buds ovoid, depressed ;

flowers blue (Kunstler). Calyx glabrous; lobes ovate-lanceolate, *1 in.

long. Corolla ‘3 in. in diam., cleft half-way down; lobes ovate, ‘15 in.

long, prominently nerved. Corona-processes globose, large, as high as

the anthers. Anther-appendages short, crenate, incurved over the

style-apex; pollen-masses ellipsoid, horizontal, joined by straight

caudicles to the small oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-lobed; tip

convex. fruit not known.

Perak: banks of Bernam river, King’s Collector 8853. Mawacca:

Griffith 3764.—Distrisn. Andaman Islands, Borneo.

3. TYLOPHORA TENUIS, Blume Bijdr. 1062 (1826). A slender twiner ;

stems much branched, very slender, glabrous; the nodes pubescent, the

internodes sometimes only. Leaves somewhat fleshy when fresh,

membranous when dry; variable in shape, ovate-elliptic or -oblong or

-lanceolate, acute or apiculate at apex, rounded or slightly cordate at

base ; margins recurved ; -75 to 2 in. long, -25 to 1 in. broad; midrib

slender, puberulous above; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, indistinct, nearly

straight to join an intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations obscure ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 503

petioles :25 to ‘5 in. long, puberulous in the channel on the upper side.

Cymes from between the petioles, very slender, paniculate, glabrous,

reaching 4 to 5 in. in length; rachis filiform, flexuose, its branches

divaricate, finally bearing few-flowered subumbellate racemes ; pedicels

filiform, -25 to ‘5 in. long; bracts minute, lanceolate-subulate; buds

globose; flowers dark purple. Calyx glabrous; lobes lanceolate, ‘025 in.

long. Corolla rotate; tube short; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved.

Corona-processes inflated, somewhat annular-globose, as long as the

filaments. Anthers slender; appendages very short, incurved ; pollen-

masses minute, horizontal, ovoid, attached by straight caudicles to the

rather slender pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels; style-apex pen-

tagonal, top convex. ollicles 1 or 2, 2 to 3 in. long, lanceolate, poniard-

shaped, long-acuminate; pericarp membranous, smooth. Seeds ovate,

‘2 to -25 in. long, broadly winged, dentate below, truncate at tip, and

bearing a white silky coma ‘75 to 1 in. long; testa dark brown, striate,

sparsely tubercular; cotyledons elliptic, radicle cylindric, both together

‘05 to lin. long. Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 608; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Mie s8 Hook tf, Hy Br vind!) LVi425)irimen Hy Ceyl, Jil. 158;

Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 162; Prain Beng. Plants 698. JT. carnosa, Wall.

in Wight Contrib. 49; Wall. Cat. 8200; Wight Ic. t. 351; Dene. in

DC. 1. c. 607; Mig. l.c. 488. TZ’. tenwissoma, Wight Contrib. 47, and Ic.

t. 588; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 150; Dene. in DC. l. c. 607. Asclepias

tenurssuma, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. II. 41. A. dichotoma,

Rottl. in Wall. Cat. 8200 B.c. Ceropegia Decaisneana, Miq. PI.

Hohenack. 634.

Penane: Curtis 1526. Prax: Wray 2125; Scortechini; King’s

Collector 6099, 10600. Matacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1108, 1139.

JoHorEe: Ridley 4030, 9162. Stnearpore: Frdley 5746; Kunstler 113,

266.—Distris. India, Burma, Ceylon, Java, Borneo (Haviland 3060).

4, TyYLOPHORA EXILIS, Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 358, t. 16

(1817). A slender twiner; branchlets pale brown, terete, slender,

puberulous. Leaves chartaceous when dry ; ovate-oblong or -lanceolate,

shortly and abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous on

both surfaces ; margins recurved; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad;

midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath, with a few minute

glands at its base; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs close

together, the rest distant, curving upwards to meet in a looped intra-

marginal nerve raised above; secondary nerves few ; reticulations

obscure ; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long, articulate at the base.

Inflorescence longer than the leaves, up to 4 in. long, puberulous ;

rachis slender, flexuous, simple or rarely branched, bearing at its nodes

umbellately racemose flower-clusters, the clusters many-flowered; bracts

554 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

minute, persistent ; pedicels slender, -1 to -15 in. long; buds very small,

globose; flowers light brown. Calyx pubescent without; lobes ovate

acute, ciliate, ‘04 in. long; scales minute. Corolla rotate, very small,

glabrous, membranous ; lobes ‘05 in. long, 3-nerved. Corona-processes

inflated, obtuse, shorter than the anthers. Anthers slender; appendages

short, membranous; pollen-masses ovoid, attached by very short

straight caudicles to the minute slightly spurred pollen-carriers. Ovary

of 2 carpels; style-apex pentagonal, flat, very slightly convex at tip,

Follicle 1, subulate, acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, -25 in. broad; pericarp

chartaceous, smooth, glabrous. Seeds ovate-oblong, ‘25 to ‘35 in. long,

‘1 in. broad, slightly contracted above below the broad truncate tip,

which bears a white silky coma ‘75 to 1 in. long, denticulate at base,

broadly winged; testa brown, thin, shining, striate; cotyledons elliptic,

‘1 in. long, 3-nerved; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long. Wight Contrib.

50; Wall. Cat. 8206; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 608; Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 44; Prain Beng. Plants 698. Pergularza extlis, Spreng. Syst.

I. 844.

Perak: at Kota, Wray 2417, 3053; King’s Collector 6470. Drypines:

on Pangkore Island, Scortechint 1035. Mauacca: Griffith 3764.—

Distris. India (Assam, Sylhet, Chittagong).

5. TyLopHoRA HirsuTA, Wight Contrib. 49 (1834); Wall. Cat. 8201;

Denes in DC) Prodr. VIS 607 ~ Hooke yt Hh sbicien linda eet

T. Jacquemontw, Dene. l.c. Gymnema hirsutwm, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep.

50.—Distris. India (Himalaya from Kumaon eastwards, Hastern

Bengal).

Var. penangensis, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 43. A climbing

shrub; branchlets densely ferruginous tomentose. Leaves subcoriaceous;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate, rounded, or some-

what cordate at base; both surfaces ferruginous-tomentose, the hairs

with bulbous bases ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib rather

stout; main nerves 4 to 6 pairs, curved upwards to and along the

margin ; reticulations netted; petiole ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, densely

tomentose. Cymes ferruginous-villous, much branched, 1 to 5 in. long;

branches dichotomous; flowers in racemiform clusters on enlarged

many-bracteate rachises ; bracts ovate-acuminate ; pedicels very slender,

‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes pubescent, very small, ‘3 in. long, ovate-

acute. Corolla deeply cleft; lobes triangular-ovate, acute, -1 in. long.

Corona of 5 subglobose processes on the backs of the anthers and

shorter than them. Anther-appendages short, incurved; pollen-masses

nearly globose, horizontal, attached by slender slightly curved caudicles

to the oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, included within

the anthers. Frutt not seen. T', mollissima, Wall. Cat. 8202.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5)5

Penana: Phillips; at Waterfall stone-quarry, Curtis ——DIsTRIB.

China? Wallich 8202 (cult. in Hort. Calc.).

After examining specimens at Kew, we prefer to leave this plant in its present

rather doubtful position, rather than to accept the suggestion in Fl. Br. Ind. that it

may ke I. villosa, Blume, of Java. Its place will probably have to be reconsidered

when better specimens are available.

6. TynopHorA Watuicuu, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 45 (1883). A

slender twining shrub; branchlets slender, terete, younger puberulous.

Leaves thickly coriaceous when green, chartaceous when dry ; ovate-

lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, rounded or slightly

cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous except the nerves beneath when

young; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, ‘5d to 2 in. broad;

midrib rather stout, raised beneath, with a few minute glands at the

base above the petiole; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving upwards to

join in a rather obscure intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations trans-

verse, obscure; petiole slender, puberulous, °75 to 1 in. long, articulate

at the base. Inflorescence lateral from between the bases of the petioles,

often longer than the leaves, divaricately branched, subsessile or on

peduncles ‘5d to ‘75 in. long; branches slender, long; flower-clusters

racemose, pubescent, with many minute ovate-acute sheathing per-

sistent bracts; pedicels capillary, °3 to -4 in. long, pubescent; buds

globose; flowers pale yellow. Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-oblong,

acute, ‘0 in. long, ciliate, pubescent without; scales minute. Corolla

rotate-campanulate ; tube -05 in. long; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, ‘1 in.

long, thin, 5-nerved. Corona-processes thick, rounded, fleshy, ending

in a cuspidately acute point, reaching to the level of the style-apex.

Anthers narrow; appendages very short; pollen-masses very minute,

nearly globose, attached by very slender straight caudicles to the minute

pollen-carriers. Style-apex pentagonal; top convex. Jollicle 1, recurved

to the horizontal, 3-5 to 4 in. long, 1 in. broad, oblong-ellipsoid

ventricose, obtuse at the tip; pericarp light green, pale brown and

chartaceous when dry and longitudinally striate. Seeds flattened, °5 in.

long, broadly ovate, with a broad wing; testa brown, shining; tip

truncate, bearing a 1 in. long white silky coma; cotyledons broadly

ovate, 3-nerved, ‘15 to ‘2 in. in diameter ; radicle cylindric, ‘075 in. long.

Gymnema Wallchiz, in part, Wight Contrib. 46. G. sagittatwm, Wall.

Cat. 81948.

PENANG : in Pulau Betong Reserve, Curtis 933. Prrax: Wray

3047 ; King’s Collector 5259, 5439. Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.)

1142. Srmyeapore: Wallich 8194s.

7. TYLOPHORA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing

shrub; branches stout, fleshy; branchlets smooth, striate, pale brown

506 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

when dry; internodes long. Leaves membranous when dry; ovate,

acuminate at apex, deeply cordate at base; glabrous on both surfaces ;

5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath, bearing

a small cluster of glands at the base just above the petiole; main

nerves 9 to 10 pairs, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs decurved into the basal

lobes, the rest curving upwards to anastomose near the margin in

an obscure looped nerve; reticulations few, transverse, prominent when

dry; petiole fleshy, glabrous, 1 to 3 in. long, articulate at the base.

Inflorescence lateral from between the petioles, as long as or longer

than the leaves, divaricately branched, glabrous; peduncles stout, 1 to

15 in. long; branches long, slender; flower-clusters umbellate, 6- to

8-flowered; bracts minute, usually soon deciduous; pedicels capillary,

‘1 to -2 in. long; buds ovoid; flowers green. Calyx pubescent without ;

lobes ovate-acute, ‘075 in. long, ciliate; scales subulate. Corolla cam-

panulate-rotate ; tube short; lobes oblong-obtuse, 5-nerved, thickened,

minutely pubescent above. Corona-processes nearly globose, fleshy,

shorter than the anthers; point small, appressed to the anthers,

acute. Anthers slender above; appendages acuminate, incurved; pollen-

masses nearly globose, very minute, attached by slender straight

caudicles to the minute pollen-carriers. Style-apex pentagonal, top

convex. follicle 1, ventricose, only slightly recurved, 5 to 6 in. long,

15 in. broad, oblong, very obtuse at tip ; pericarp light green and glossy

when fresh, chartaceous when dry, striate longitudinally ; dissepiments

fibrous-crustaceous. Seeds flattened, ‘5 in. long, broadly ovate, with a

broad wing; testa brown, shining ; tip with a ‘75 in. long white silky

coma; cotyledons broadly ovate, 3-nerved, -15 in. long; radicle

cylindric, 075 in. long.

PeERAK: at lower camp, Gunong Batu Pateh, 3400 ft., Wray 1227;

in open jungle at 200 to 300 ft., King’s Collector 5761, 7178, 8348; at

Ipoh, Curtis 3186.—Disrrip. Borneo (Teysmann 11578; Motley 625).

This species comes very near to 7. Wallichii, but is much larger and more

glabrous, has more deeply cordate leaves, a larger inflorescence with umbellate instead

of racemose flower-clusters, a less beaked corona and longer anther-appendages.

Curtis’ No. 3186 has one inflorescence with the flower-clusters racemose and the

others umbellate, and seems to come between the two species, but in other respects

it belongs to this.

26. HetTERostemmMa, W. & A.

Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, often 3- to 5-nerved at the base.

Flowers small, in lateral sessile or pedunculate umbellate or racemose

cymes. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate, urceolate or rotate ;

lobes triangular, valvate or slightly overlapping to the right. Corona

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 507

of 5 thin or fleshy processes spreading more or less horizontally from

the staminal-column, usually with an erect tubercle on the upper side ;

the tips flat or dentate or laciniately cleft. Staminal-colunm short,

depressed ; the anthers minute, ending in a small membranous appen-

dage; pollen-massses 1 in each anther-cell, subquadrate or rounded,

sometimes with a thin margin on the inner side, erect, sessile or

attached by very short caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Ovary of

2 carpels, distinct or combined; style-apex pentagonal, flat, not

exserted beyond the anthers. rut of 2 distinct or adherent

slender straight follicular mericarps. Seeds thin, winged, comose; the

margin recurved.—Distris. About 10 species, Indian and Malayan.

Corolla rotate-campanulate ; corona thin, long, entire or laciniate,

spreading horizontally ; leaves truncate or cordate at base .. Ll. H. piperifolium.

Corolla ovoid-urceolate; corona thick, short, much fimbriate,

more or less erect; leaves cuneate at base ae .. 2. H. fimbriatum.

1. HETEROSTEMMA PIPERIFOLIUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender

twining shrub; branchlets pale, terete, slightly channelled when dry,

uppermost very minutely puberulous. Leaves membranous when dry,

3- to d-nerved; triangular-ovate, acuminate at apex, broadly truncate at

base, sometimes slightly decurrent; both surfaces minutely puberulous,

the lower the most; 2°5 to 3°5 in. long, 1°56 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib

slender, furnished at the base with 1 or more rather conspicuous glands ;

main nerves 4 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs from the base, the first pair very

small, the second strong and with the others curving upwards to join

near the margin; reticulations few, obscure, irregular; petiole slender,

twisted, ‘75 to 2 in. long. Cymes few-flowered, umbellately racemose,

on stout ‘5 to -75 in. long peduncles; the rachis of the raceme thickened,

with minute bracts; pedicels slender, -25 in. long; buds globose,

depressed; flowers yellow. Calyx-lobes ovate, -05 in. long, ciliate, the

margins hyaline; scales minute. Corolla rotate-campanulate, -3 in.

broad, puberulous without, the base short at first, then spreading,

divided about half-way down; lobes triangular, incurved. Corona-pro-

cesses spreading, lying flat on the corolla, ‘1 in. long, linear-lanceolate,

entire or variously laciniate, the upper part with a slight rounded pro-

tuberance or nearly flat. Staminal-column short; appendages mem-

branous, curved over the style-apex; pollen-masses erect, waxy,

flattened on the inner, curved on the outer edge, sessile on the

triangular-elongate pollen-carrier. Carpels distinct ; style-apex thin,

flattened, 5-gonal. ollicles slender, long-acuminate, recurved to about

3 right angles, 4 to 5 in. long, ‘15 to -2 in. broad; pericarp thin, smooth.

Seeds ovate-oblong, very thin, with broad thin margins; apex bearing a

‘75 in. long white silky coma; testa very thin, brown.

508 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PeRAK: at Kwala Dipang, Azdley 9619; at Larut, 200 to 500 ft.,

King’s Collector 2338, 7973 ; at Ijuk, Scortechine 1097, 1150.

At first sight this species closely resembles H. chrysanthum (Symphysicarpus

chrysanthus, Hassk.), but differs completely in the corona and in the very divaricate

follicles.

Var. cordatum, King & Gamble. Leaves cordate to a depth of about

‘4 in.; main nerves 0 to 6 pairs, the basal pairs 3, of which the lowest

much deflexed in the lobes of the leaf. Corona-lobes usually entire.

Rest as in the type.

Perak: Scortechint. Only one rather poor specimen of this is

available.

2. HETEROSTEMMA FIMBRIATUM, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining

shrub; stems pale brown, with 2 longitudinal lines of hairs. Leaves

fleshy, chartaceous when dry ; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at

apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, lower pale; margins slightly

recurved; 3°5 to 4:5 in. long, 1:0 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, raised

beneath when dry, furnished with a cluster of rounded glands at the

base above the petiole; main nerves 5 pairs, prominent and raised when

dry, with a slender obscure pair in addition from the very base, the

second pair from about °25 in. above the base, all obliquely curved

upwards to join in a looped intramarginal nerve ; reticulations not

visible even when dry; petiole stout, ‘5 to -75 in. long, much curved

and swollen at the base. Cymes racemose, on short (‘15 in.) very stout

peduncles; the rachises of the racemes about ‘3 in. long, thick, strobilate,

with cushion-like bracts; pedicels slender, angular, ‘5 in. long, puberu-

lous; buds rather large, ovoid-orbicular. Calyx very small; lobes

minute, ovate-acute, ciliate. Corolla ovoid-urceolate, thick, fleshy,

pubescent without, glabrous within, ‘3 to -4 in. long, divided at most to

one-third of its length in triangular lobes slightly overlapping to the

right and erect. Corona-processes nearly erect, attached to the

staminal-column, thick, fimbriate at the tips in 2 rows of subulate

teeth. Stanwnal-colunm short; anther-cells rounded; appendages very

small, membranous, bifid; pollen-masses rounded, with a thin straight

margin on the inner side, nearly horizontal, sessile on a triangular

pollen-carrier. Carpels distinct, elongate ; style-apex 5-gonal, tip

concave. frwt not known.

Peraxk: at G. Tub, Scortechim 1220.

Only one rather poor specimen of this is available. The plant seems to be an

Oianthus; but that genus—as suggested by Hooker in the Fl. Br. Ind.,and by Bentham

in his remarks to Ic. Pl. t. 1191, under O. wrceolatus, Benth., to which this species is

very close—seems scarcely separable from Heterostemma. In many ways our species

strongly resembles H. alatwm, Wight.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 559

27. Hoya, Br.

Twining pendulous (rarely erect) or rambling and rooting, often

epiphytic, shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually thick and fleshy or cori-

aceous. lowers in axillary, lateral or terminal, umbelliform, racemose

cymes, usually on a thickened tuberculate rachis, sessile or pedunculate.

Calyx small, 5-partite,-with 5 glandular scales. Corolla rotate or rotate-

campanulate, fleshy or waxy; lobes 5, often convex or spreading or

reflexed, valvate in bud. Corona-processes 5, large, fleshy-membranous

or horny, adnate to the staminal-column; the lower lobe stellately

spreading or ascending, turgid or compressed, often concave on the

upper surface; the upper lobe usually produced into a tooth or process

which is erect and incumbent on the anther. Stamnal-colwmn usually

short, arising from the base of the corolla; anthers conniving over the

_style-apex, membranous; appendages membranous, erect or inflexed ;

pollen-masses 1 in each anther-cell, erect, waxy, usually flattened, often

thickened on the outer margin, attached by caudicles of various shapes,

usually short, sometimes enlarged thickened or cup-shaped, sometimes

long, to the horny hard pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels;

style-apex 5-angled, tip flattened or conical-apiculate. rt of 1 or 2

follicular mericarps, usually slender with a thin pericarp, rarely turgid

with a thick one. Seeds small, oblong or ovate, comose; cotyledons

flattened, thick; radicle cylindric.—Distris. About 70 species, found

in Tropical Asia and Australia.

Corolla refiexed, lobes longer than broad :—

Staminal-column stipitate ; corona-processes with long nar-

row lobes, the upper erect, the lower horizontal with usually

upeurved tip (Sect. I. Cyrtoceras) ce .. 1. H. multiflora.

Staminal-column sessile; corona-processes inflated : —

Corona-processes with lower lobe ovoid, laterally com-

pressed; upper lobe, smaller, rounded, erect; corolla-tube

densely villous (Sect. II. PrerostEuMa) - .. 2. H. lasiantha.

Corona-processes with lower lobe globose, fallove: upper

shorter-curved ; corolla-tube with a broad annular ring

(corolline corona ?) (Sect. III. KnotopHora) .. . 3. H. Curtisit.

Corolla spreading, lobes spreading or incurved, rarely rellexed:

broader than long; staminal-column sessile or subsessile ;

corona-processes with lower lobes spreading, upper acute

(Sect. IV. Huwoya) :—

Corona with lower lobes of processes obtuse :—

Lower lobes suberect, laterally compressed; leaf-nerves

horizontal :—

Lower lobes rounded, inflated; upper lobes acuminate ;

3tems thick; leaves thick, fleshy, over 4 in. long :-—

Flowers yellow ; corolla under 1‘5in.indiam. .. 4. H. obtustfolia.

560 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula:

Flowers dark purple ; corolla much over 1*5in.indiam. 5. H. imperialis.

Lower lobes beaked; upper lobes short, acute; stems

slender ; leaves thin, under 4 in. long ae 6. H. elliptica.

Lower lobes horizontal or nearly so, flattened above ; leat-

nerves usually at an acute angle with the midrib :—

Flowers large, reaching 1°5 in. in diam.; leaves velvety

pubescent beneath; caudicles of pollen-masses long,

slender, twisted o€ ac .. 7. H. coronaria.

Flowers small, rarely *5 in. in “Thom, leaves glabrous

beneath ; caudicles short, usually shies —

Lower lobe of corona very thick and blunt vertically,

upper short; leaves ovate-lanceolate, cordate, faintly

nerved . : .. 8. H. Scortechinit.

Lower Te of corona thin vertiealles eHorte —

Leaves obscurely nerved, about 3 to 4 pairs, very

thick ; lower corona-lobes obtuse; upper long, acu-

minate ; appendages very long acuminate 9. H. caudata.

Leaves prominently 3- to 5-nerved, very Heke

peduncles many from the axils; lower corona-lobes

concave, obtuse .. . 10. H. latifolia.

Leaves not 3-nerved from he bases peduncles Fee

1 only at the axils :—

Leaves small; main nerves at right angles to the

midrib, indistinct Sc . 11. H. lacunosa.

Leaves moderate-sized, under 4 in. sare alliption or

obovate; main nerves indistinct, at about 60° with

the midrib ; climber o0 .. 12. H. diversifolia.

Leaves large, over 7 in. long, amianodslniee main

nerves prominent, as are reticulations ; trailer,

epiphytic a .. 13. H. Maingayi.

Corona with lower lobes of processes sioalts or neaile SO :—

Leaves with nerves easily visible when dry :—

Leaves with 5 basal nerves, the lowest pair faint .. 14. H. parasitica.’

Leaves pinnately nerved :—

Flowers moderately large, ‘5 in. in diam. in bud ; leaves

with not very eae reticulations ; follicles with

very thick pericarp . : o' .. 15. H. coriacea.

Flowers small, -25 in. in diam. in bud :—

Leaves large, usually over 5 in. in length and 1°5 in.

in breadth ; main nerves very prominent :—-

Main nerves at 40° with the midrib; reticulations

prominent, chiefly on upper surface, but not sharp 16. H. Forbesii.

Main nerves at 60° with the midrib; reticulations

very prominent and sharp on both sides ; follicles

with thin pericarp . 17. H. Finlaysonii.

Leaves moderate-sized, aeHaiy under 5 in. in engi

and 1:75 in. in breadth; main nerves nearly at right

angles to midrib, rather faint on both surfaces.. 18. H. Ridleyi.

Leaves with nerves not or very faintly visible when dry :— .

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 561

Flowers minute; corolla rarely over -15in. in diameter ;

pedicels filiform: -

Leaves lanceolate, margins only slightly recurved .. 19. H. parviflora.

Leayes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margins very strongly

recurved % . 20. H. revoluta.

Flowers moderate-sized ; repel, A in. Bron pedicals

thick, broadly flattened when dry; leaf-margins slightly

recurved .. . 21. H. plicata.

Corolla rotate-campanulate ; eeee very anrt, prander than fener

corona-processes with lower lobes spreading, upper erect

(Sect. V. CystipranrHus) :—

Flowers rather large; corolla over 1 in. broad; leaves rather

large, with conspicuous nerves; shrubby, apparently not root-

ing along the stems ee . 22. H. campanulata.

Flowers small; corolla °3 in. broad ; leaves alll oth nerves

not or scarcely visible; slender, rooting all along the stems . 23. H. Wrayi.

1. Hoya muutiriorA, Blume Cat. Hort. Buit. 49 (1823), and Bijdr.

1064. An epiphytic undershrub, rooting from the branches on the bark

of trees; branches stout, smooth, pale, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous,

membranous when dry; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,

acute at base; both surfaces glabrous, more or less shining; margins

reflexed ; 3 to 8 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, raised beneath

when dry; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair faint, close to the

margin, the rest curving upwards to and along the margin where they join

in loops; secondary nerves few or none; reticulations transverse, irregular,

netted, more obvious on the upper surface; petiole stout, ‘5 to 75 in. long.

Umbels racemose, many-flowered (40 to 50), on a stout tubercular

bracteate nearly globose rachis at the end of an interpetiolar peduncle ;

peduncle stout, 1 to 2 in. long; pedicels slender, 1°5 to 2 in. long; flowers

white tipped with yellow or yellow tipped with brown, with waxy-white

corona. Calyx membranous, cleft about two-thirds down; lobes oblong,

‘075 in. long; scales rounded, flattened. Corolla rotate, completely

reflexed when open; tube minutely bearded at base, ‘2 in. long ; lobes

triangular, ‘25 in. long, with small folds in the sinuses. Corona of 5 horny

glabrous processes, with erect upper lobes, conical, longer than the

anthers and a horizontal or upcurved horn-like lower lobe at the base,

each about ‘15 to -2 in. long. Stanunal-column °3 in. long, stipitate ;

anthers erect or slightly inflexed; appendages very small, inflexed ;

pollen-masses oblong, ‘05 in. long, with a narrow thin outer margin,

attached by short cup-like caudicles to the narrow usually clavate

pollen-carriers. Style-apex conical-apiculate at tip. follicle 1, slender,

pendulous, 7 to 8 in. long, °3 in. broad; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds

small, oblong, :25 in. long, narrowly winged above on both sides, broadly

truncate, with a 2 in. long white silky coma; testa very thin, brown ;

562 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cotyledons oblong, 0:75 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long. Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 52. H. cortacea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 18, not of

Blume. Cyrtoceras multiflorwm, Benn. in Herb. Horsf.; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. 1.514. Cyrtoceras reflexwm, Benn. in Horsf. Pl. Jay. Rar. 90, t. 21;

Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IIT. 321. C. floribundwm, Maund

Botanist, IV. t. 178. Centrostemma multiflorwm, Dene. in Ann. Sc. Nat.

Ser. 2, TX. 272, and in DC. Prodr. VIII. 634; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-

Bat. I. 45; Hassk. Flor. Bot. Zeit. IX. (1845) 250; Bot. Mag. t. 5173.

C. Lindleyanum, Dene. in DC. l. c.

PenanG: (drawing in Herb. Kew); at Gunong Pulai, 1800 it.,

G. King. Pxrrak: at Tea Gardens, Curtvs; at Gunong Kelidang, Ridley

9739; at Birjay Malacca, and Gunong Haram Paroh, Scortechim 635,

1905; on tree branches in forest, 1000 to 3000 ft., King’s Collector

(Kunstler) 2423, 7297. Mauacca: on Mount Ophir, Maimgay (K.D.)

1123.—Distris. Burma (Boronga Island, Arracan, Kwrz), Java, Borneo,

Philippine Islands.

2. Hoya LAstanTHA, Korthals in Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 526 (1856).

A climbing and perhaps epiphytic undershrub; branchlets rather stout,

smooth, yellowish when dry. Leaves thinly fleshy when fresh, charta-

ceous when dry; elliptic or lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate at apex,

acute or rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, upper shining; mar-

gins slightly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib slender,

impressed above, raised beneath, with a small pit or gland just above

the petiole; main nerves prominent, impressed above, 8 to 10 pairs, at

an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along

the margin, the upper ones forming a looped. intramarginal nerve ;

reticulations netted, most prominent on the upper surface ; petiole stout,

‘5 to ‘75 in. long. Umbels 8- to 12-flowered, on short tubercular

rachises at the ends of stout axillary or lateral peduncles 1 to 3 in. long;

pedicels slender, 1:5 to 2 in. long, glabrous; flowers orange-yellow with

white soft hairs, the corona ochreous-yellow, shining. Calyxmembranous,

hyaline with dark nerves; lobes ovate to nearly orbicular; scales

subulate. Corolla about ‘8 in. broad when spread open; tube very

short ; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, densely white-villous at their base,

recurved in flower. Corona of 5 shining processes, horny when dry,

adnate to the lower part of the anthers; the lower lobe ovoid, somewhat

laterally flattened, inflated, cleft beneath into two wings; the upper also

erect, tongue-like, rounded. Stanunal-column moderately long; anthers

closely appressed to the upper lobe of the corona, cells slightly diver-

gent; appendages scarious, broad, obtuse; pollen-masses rather long,

waxy, flattened, oblong, attached by short, rather thick, cup-like caudicles

to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, tip conical, acumi-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 563

nate. Follicle 1, slender, 7 in. long, about -25 in. broad, nearly hori-

zontal ; pericarp thin, striate. Seeds -2 in. long, elliptic with a short

neck, truncate at tip, bearing a white silky coma 1-5 in. long;

cotyledons fleshy, elliptic, -1 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘05 in. long.

N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. XVIII. 333 (1882), fig. 57. Plocostemma

lastanthnm, Blume in Rumph. IV. 30, and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 60,

t. XIV.; Bot. Mag. t. 5081.

Perak: Scortechint 605. SenAncor: at Semeniyeh, Goodenough

for Ridley 8194.—Disrris. Java, Borneo (Korthals).

The cultivated specimen imported from Borneo, represented in Bot. Mag. t. 5081, and

that collected by Curtis at Wyncoop’s Bay, Java, and figured by N. E. Brown in the

‘Gardeners’ Chronicle, appear to differ somewhat from the Malay Peninsula speci-

mens in haying larger leaves cordate at the base and rather larger fiowers. But we

fail to find any difference in the structure of the flowers. Another Java specimen

(Curtis No. 61) which was sent to Messrs. Veitch & Co., agrees well with the Peninsular

plants.

3. Hoya Curtis, King & Gamble, n.sp. A twining small epiphytic

undershrub, rooting at almost all the nodes on the bark of trees or on

rocks; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves sessile, very thick;

orbicular, abruptly triangular-acuminate at apex, rounded or sometimes

very slightly attenuate at base; both surfaces scabrous-puncticulate

when dry; margin thickened ; ‘4 to ‘7 in. long, -4 to -6 in. broad; midrib

when dry faint, other nerves invisible; petiole none. Umbels sessile,

terminal or axillary, 10- to 16-flowered, on a ‘20 in. long tubercular

rachis ; pedicels slender, pubescent, -75 to 1 in. long; flowers rather

large. Calyx with very short tube or almost none ; lobes oblong, ciliate,

villous without, membranous, °1 in. long, much recurved; scales minute.

Corolla also much recurved ; tube very short, with an annular spreading

ring (or corolline corona ?) a little above the base; lobes spathulate,

acute at the tip, minutely scurfy-puberulous, -25 in. long. Corona:

corolline (see above), annular; staminal, of 5 cucullate processes nearly

globose when closed, but formed of 3 lobes, the two side ones rounded,

the upper ovate, the three enclosing a cavity, and the whole corona

much overtopping the staminal-column. Staminal-column short and

shortly stipitate, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; anther-cells

much divergent; appendages ovate, membranous, dentate; pollen-

masses oblong-obtuse, about ‘03 in. long, attached by oblong fleshy

thick caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex shortly

5-angled, somewhat depressed; tip bifid, very short. Fruit not known.

PeRAK: at Waterloo, 2000 it., Curtis 2894.

4. Hoya oprusirouia, Wight Contrib. 38 (1834). A climbing

(epiphytic ?) shrub, with stout fleshy branches reaching ‘5 in. in diameter

564 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

and smooth puberulous bark. Leaves very thick, fleshy; oblong,

rounded or emarginate and usually apiculate at apex, rounded or cordate

at base; both surfaces shining, glabrous except on the midrib; margins

recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib very thick, chan-

nelled and pubescent above, raised and glabrous or puberulous beneath ;

nerves visible only when dry and then main nerves seen to be nearly

horizontal, about 10 to 12 pairs, soon branching; petiole very thick,

‘5 to 1 in. long, puberulous. Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on thick

tubercular rachises ‘5 to -75 in. long and up to about -4 in. in diam., at

the ends of thick 1 to 3 in. long puberulous peduncles which are ap-

parently lateral; pedicels rather thick, 1 to 1:5 in. long, puberulous,

slightly enlarged below the calyx and dotted; buds 4d-angled,

acute at tip, ‘4 in. long; flowers dull yellow. Calyx fleshy; lobes

linear-oblong, obtuse, recurved, -15 in. long, dotted and pubescent with-

out. Corolla nearly 1 in. in diam. when open, pubescent without,

glabrous within ; lobes ovate-cordate-acuminate, generally erect, -4 in.

long. Corona of 5 processes; the lower lobe suberect, obtuse, inflated,

concave above and channelled beneath; the upper erect, longer than

the anthers, acuminate. Staminal-colwmn short; anther-cells parallel

with small divergent wings below; appendages membranous, erect,

acute; pollen-masses oblong, rounded, thin on the outer margin,

attached by rather long curved caudicles to the rather large conical

pollen-carriers. Style-apex obscurely 5-angled, obconical, long-apiculate.

Frwut not known. Wall. Cat. 8167; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 58. A. Teysmanniana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I.

522.

Penane: ? Wallich 8167. Prrax: Scortechim. Panana: Ridley

2732. SINGAPORE: at Serangoon, on mangrove trees, Ridley 8932.—

Distris. ‘Tenasserim or Andaman Islands (Helfer 3790), Sumatra

(LTeysmann 1170), Java.

The colour of the flowers seems to be a little in doubt. Teysmann gives it as

‘‘ white,” the Fl. Br. Ind. says ‘“ dull yellow,” Ridley says ‘‘ white with a red centre.”

It would seem therefore probable that the corolla is white turning yellow and the

corona red.

5. Hoya IMPERIALIS, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (1846) under t. 68, 2m note, and

im Journ. Hort. Soc. V. 80 with woodcut (1850). A stout climbing shrub,

rooting on trees and probably epiphytic ; branches rounded, dark green,

puberulous, puncticulate and with papery bark when dry, reaching °5 in.

in diam. Leaves fleshy or coriaceous, membranous when dry; elliptic

or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate or apiculate at apex,

rounded at base or slightly cordate; both surfaces shining when dry,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 565

glabrous above, puberulous or glabrate beneath; margins slightly

recurved; 6 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout and broad,

pubescent on both sides; main nerves many, more than 12, but difficult

to enumerate, nearly horizontal, at first straight, then branching and

anastomosing; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, stout, pubescent. Umbels

many-flowered (about 10), on short, often strongly tubercular and

cushioned; rachises at the ends of stout pubescent axillary peduncles

3 to 10 in. long; pedicels stout, pubescent, 2 to 3 in. long; buds large,

rounded above, produced below in 5 short recurved angles; flowers with

corolla dark purplish-brown above, cinnamomeous beneath, the corona

white or pale yellow. Calyx membranous, puberulous without, scurfy

within; lobes ovate-ciliate, -2 in. long; scales minute, triangular.

Corolla leathery, 2 to 3 in. in diam.; the puberulous tube a little

shorter than the ovate-triangular acute lobes, which are at first much

incurved, afterwards spreading. Corona of 5 laterally compressed pro-

cesses; the lower lobes erect, obtuse, deeply 2-cleft and pubescent in the

clefts; the upper lobes also erect-subulate-acuminate. Stamenal-colunn

short, broad; anther-cells broad; appendages membranous, broadly

winged, acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, truncate at both

ends, ‘075 in. long, attached by short slender caudicles to the thick,

trigonous, horny, brown pollen-carriers. Style-apex pentagonal, the

angles rounded below, ridged above, the ridges joining in an acuminate

cone. follicle 1, lanceolate-acuminate, 8 to 9 in. long, 1 in. broad ;

pericarp leathery, opening flat, at first puberulous, afterwards glabrous,

striate when dry. Seeds obovate, flask-shaped, ‘2 in. long, trigonous

above, truncate at tip and bearing a silky white coma 2 in. long; testa

corky, pale brown; albumen copious; cotyledons thick, ovate, cordate

at base, ‘1 in. long; radicle ‘075 in. long, thick. Hook. Bot. Mag.

t. 3397, copied in FI. des Serres IV. tt. 393, 394; Ann. de Gand (1848)

t. 228; Jour. Hort. Ser. 3, XXV. 485; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 527; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 59. 4H. splendens, Maingay MS. Asclepras Sassuela,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 31 (excl. syn.) ?

Manacca : Maingay (K.D.) 1135.—Drisrrre. Borneo (Beccari 4001,

Motley 1041).

6. Hoya Enuiptica, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 58 (1883). A

slender twining undershrub; branchlets pale, terete, glabrous. Leaves

fleshy (?) when fresh, chartaceous when dry; elliptic, obtuse both at

apex and base; glabrous on both surfaces and pale, especially beneath ;

margin hardened, nerve-like, slightly recurved; 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, 1 to

1:5 in. broad; nerves prominent when dry; midrib slender; main nerves

nearly at right angles to the midrib, irregular, 8 to 10 pairs, straight to

joim a prominent intramarginal looped nerve at :1 to ‘16 in. from the

566 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

edge, the said intramarginal nerve connected by many cross-nerves with

the hardened marginal nerve; reticulations netted; petiole -15 to -25 in.

long, flattened. Umbels racemose, about 8- to 10-flowered, on a short

tubercular rachis at the end of a thickened pink peduncle reaching 1 in.

in length ; pedicels slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, puberulous; buds -25 in.

long, 5-angled, the incurved valvate corolla-lobes forming a central con-

cavity; flowers “white” (Maingay), nearly black when dry. Calyx

puberulous, pale pink; tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse,

‘05 in. long; scales minute. Corolla ‘5 in. broad when open, glabrous

without, sparingly pilose within; lobes obcordate, apiculate, inflexed

(when dry). Corona of 5 processes; the lower and large lobes suberect,

laterally compressed, bladder-like (the interior of the cavity delicately

hairy), ovate, slightly apiculate; the upper short, flattened, slightly

recurved, appressed to and covering the anther. Stamnal-column

attached to the base of the corolla-tube; anthers short, much inflexed

so as to lie nearly horizontal; cells parallel above, divergent and empty

below; appendages scarious, acute; pollen-masses oblong-falcate,

pellucid on the outer margin, nearly horizontal, attached by thickened

caudicles to the rather large elongate pollen-carriers which are obtuse

above and 2-winged below. Style-apex 5-angled, flattened, with a short

central umbo haying 5 divergent rays to the angles. Fruit not known.

Perak: Scortechim. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1187.

7. Hoya coronaria, Blume Bijd. 1063 (1825), and Rumph. IV. 31,

t. 182, fig. 2 and t. 184 (fruit). A stout twining shrub, the upper

branches giving out roots on to the bark of trees and probably therefore

more or less epiphytic; branches thick, velvety pubescent, the innova-

tions especially so. Leaves thickly coriaceous; elliptic elliptic-ovate

or ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded at base; upper

surface when dry shining, wrinkled, puberulous especially on the mid-

rib; lower surface pale brown, velvety-pubescent; margins strongly

recurved; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed

above, raised beneath; main nerves very obscure, about 5 to 7 pairs,

nearly horizontal > reticulations not visible; petiole thick, velvety, :25.

to ‘75 in. long. Umbels racemose, rather few-flowered, on thick rachises

with large rounded tubercles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, at the ends of thick

lateral velvety peduncles ‘5 to -75 in. long; pedicels velvety, curved,

thick, ‘6 to 1 in. long; buds depressed at top, the lobes decurved in a

hook; flowers large, fleshy, about 1:5 in. in diam., greenish-white

changing to ivory-white, then apparently to pink which darkens and

becomes speckled with purple (Ridley); the corona white. Calyx thick,

velvety without; lobes orbicular, :15 to -25 in. long; scales subulate.

Corolla very thick, glabrous within, villous without ; lobes triangular-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 567

acuminate, cordate at base, ‘4 in. long. Corona of 5 spreading processes,

horny when dry ; the lower lobe nearly hemispherical, concave above,

convex beneath, about :25 in. long; the upper acuminate, curved far over

the anthers. Staminal-colwmn short, thick, inserted at the base of the

corolla-tube ; anthers incurved, their cells parallel above, divaricate and

empty below; appendages prominent, scarious, ovate-acute; pollen-

masses broadly clavate, attached by means of long slender twisted caudi-

cles to the rather large pollen-carriers which are rounded above and

bifid below. Style-apex circular, saucer-shaped, with a small central

umbo and 5 slender rays. Follicle 1, 6 to 10 in. long, 1:5 to ‘2 in. in

diam., gibbous at base, subeylindric above, ending in an obtuse point;

pericarp very thick, puberulous, striate; the endocarp woody and

smooth ; the follicle at length opening nearly flat. Seeds obovate, -4 in.

long, truncate at tip and bearing a copious white silky coma 2 to 2° in.

long ; cotyledons elliptic, 2 in. long, fleshy ; radicle cylindric, 1 in. long.

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 517; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 58; Ridley in

Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd Ser. III. 321. A. grandiflora, Bl. MSS.; Dene.

in DC. Prodr. VIII. 635. H. velutina, Wight Contrib. 35; Wall. Cat.

8150; Dene. l.c.

Penance: ? Wallich 8150 (marked “ Sillet,’’ but probably in error) ;

Curtis 236. Dtnpines: Curtis ; Scortechini 1053. Perak: at Goping,

Scortechint 2009; at Matang, on sea coast, Wray 2710; at Larut,

Kunstler 3865 (leaves only); King’s Collector 4116, 6954. Manacca:

Griffith 3788; Maingay (K.D.)1125. Panane: at Kwala Pahang, Ridley.

SINGAPORE: at Serangoon, Audley 27314.—Distris. Java, Sumatra

(Teysmann 1171), Borneo (Motley 871, Burbidge), Celebes, New Guinea

(H. O. Forbes 516, flowers 2 in. in diam.).

We have not quoted Hook. Bot. Mag. 4969, which in some respects seems to repre-

sent more nearly H. obtusifolia rather than this. As in other species, the colour

of the flower is either very variable or in doubt. Low’s drawing in Herb. Kew shows

pink flowers, while Scortechini says they are white, Kunstler and Wray that they are

‘« very pale yellow,” and Maingay that they are ‘‘ white er yellowish with purple spots.”

8. Hoya Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. An epiphytic under-

shrub, rooting at intervals on the bark of trees; branchlets slender,

terete, pale brown. Leaves thick, fleshy, drying coriaceous; ovate or

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both

surfaces glabrous, lower minutely glandular; margins recurved; 2 to

3°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad; nerves only visible when dry ; midrib

thick ; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs at an angle of 50° to 60° with the mid-

rib, branching early and anastomosing near the margin; reticulations

transverse ; petiole stout, ‘2 in. long. Umbels apparently few-flowered,

568 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

on stout (25 in.) rachises with small tubercles at the ends of rather long

(1:5 to 4 in.) slender peduncles ; pedicels slender, ‘5 to °75 in. long ; buds

hemispheric, 5-angled, flattened above, ‘25 in. in diam. Calyx small ;

lobes ovate, ciliate, membranous, glandular, recurved, ‘03 in. long.

Corolla *5 to *6 in. in diam. when open, glabrous without, puberulous

within; lobes ovate-acuminate, -2 in. long. Corona of 5 processes more

or less upturned; lower lobes ovate, thick, very obtuse at tip, with a

raised ovate ring above and deeply cleft valves below; upper lobe

shorter than the anthers, erect, acute. Stamenal-colwmn short ; anther-

cells slightly divergent; appendages scarious, acuminate; pollen-masses —

thick, oblong, straight on inner side, attached by short caudicles embracing

their base to the rather large conical pollen-carrier. Style-apex 5-lobed,

acute at tip. ollacles (immature) 1 or 2, very slender, narrow; peri-

carp very thin, smooth. Seeds small, oblong, truncate at tip with a

‘75 in. long coma.

PenanG: John Scott. Prax: Scortechini 464, 1507.

John Scott’s specimen has rather thinner leaves, but this is probably only due to

youth. His specimen bears no flowers, only young fruit, so we think it best not to

couple his name with the species.

9. Hoya caupata, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 60 (1883). A twining

epiphytic shrub, rooting on trees; branches ‘1 to -2 in. thick, with corky

rugose bark. Leaves thick, fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate, acu-

minate at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous,

sparsely papillose; margins corrugate and recurved; 3 to 7 in. long,

2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 3 to 4 pairs, distant,

arching, very faint; reticulations not visible; petiole up to -20 in. long,

very thick, so thick as to appear globose. Umbels many-flowered on a

‘5 to 1 in. long tuberculate rachis at the end of a thickened 1 in. long

peduncle; pedicels ‘5 in. long, filiform; flowers white suffused with

pink. Calyx very membranous; lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrous, ‘05 to

‘075 in. long. Corolla ‘5 to -75 in. in diam.; lobes ovate, long caudate-

acuminate, silvery-pilose within. Corona fleshy ; lower lobes horizontal,

elliptic-ovate, the broadest end outwards, concave above; the upper

lobe produced in a long erect subulate spur shorter than the anther-

tips. Staminal-colwmn short ; anther-wings straight ; appendages mem-

branous, long caudate-acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, trun-

cate, attached by cup-shaped broad caudicles to the rather narrowly

ovate brown pollen-carrier. Style-apex 5-angled, with a short conical

tip.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1128.

10. Hoya tatiron1a, G. Don Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. IV. 127 (1838).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 569

A climbing (probably epiphytic) shrub; branches very stout, smooth,

lenticellate, giving out slender rootlets occasionally. Leaves very thick,

fleshy ; ovate or oblong-ovate, acute at apex, rounded or cordate at base

often slightly peltate; glabrous on both surfaces, dull when dry; mar-

gins strongly recurved, shining; 5 to 10 in. long, 3 to 7 in. broad;

midrib with a gland at the base; nerves 3 to 5 from the base, connected

at intervals by few irregular cross-nerves; reticulations not otherwise

visible ; petiole very stout, -25 to ‘5 in. long, articulated to a thick

shining cup-like base at the node. Umbels racemose, on thick, pitted,

up to 1 in. long, tubercular rachises at the end of stout 1 to 2 in. long

peduneles, which are solitary or fascicled in the leaf-axils or at the nodes

of very long (sometimes 5 ft.!) flowering branches; pedicels very

slender, puberulous, ‘25 in. long; buds flattened, 5-angular ; flowers

very small, grey, 35 in. broad when open, ‘15 with the lobes closed.

Calyx minute, membranous; lobes ovate, acute, °3 in. long. Corolla

small, rotate, pubescent within; lobes ovate, at first incurved over the

staminal-column, afterwards spreading. Corona of 5 membranous pro-

cesses, each consisting of an ovate lower horizontal or slightly upcurved

lobe concave above and deeply grooved below, the tip apiculate re-

curved, and an upper shorter erect lobe with acute tip and a channel

behind. Staminal-columm very short; anther-cells divergent ; appen-

dages membranous, acute ; pollen-masses oblong-falcate, pellucid on the

outer margin, attached by short thick caudicles to the rather large

3-lobed pollen-carriers. Style-apex sharply 5-angled, conical-apiculate.

Follicle 1, very slender, 4 to 4°5 in. long, -2 in. broad; pericarp thin,

puberulous. Seeds oblong, acute at base, truncate at tip, -25 in. long,

bearing a white silky coma 1 to 1:25 in. long; cotyledons thick, ovate-

oblong, -1 in. long; radicle as long and broad as cotyledons, flattened.

Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 521; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 57. H. macrophylla, Wight Contrib. 38, not of Blume.

H. polystachya, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd-Bat. I. 45, t. 9; Mig. lc.

522.

Penane: Wallich 81654. Panana: Kota Glarggi woods, fzdley in

Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III. 321. Sinaarorze: Maingay (K.D.) 1124;

Lobb; Hullett 621; at Cluney Road, Goodenough 2734—DisTRIB. Java,

Sumatra.

11. Hoya tacunosa, Blume Bijdr. 1063 (1825). A creeping epi-

phytic undershrub, rooting at thenodes; branchlets very slender, glabrous.

Leaves very thick, fleshy; ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute or

acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous,

shining ; margins thickened ; 75 to 1:75 in. long, ‘5 to -75 in. broad ;

midrib when dry faint, usually glandular at the base; main nerves 2 to

570 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

4 pairs, also faint but visible, at right angles to the midrib, straight to

join an intramarginal nerve covered by the marginal thickening ; petiole

thick, very short. Umbels axillary, on stout peduncles ‘75 to 1:5 in.

long, which end in a thickened rachis of cushion-like bracts often -26 in.

long ; pedicels slender, °25 to :35 in. long; buds globose; flowers white,

usually tinged with yellow, scented. Calyx rotate, membranous ; lobes

as long as tube, :025 in. long, obtuse; scales minute. Corolla ‘25 in.

in diam. when spread out, pubescent or scurfy within; lobes trian-

gular, recurved. Corona membranous, of 5 processes, forming a concave-

sided cone, the lower lobe of each process spreading or upeurved, ovate,

the upper lobe ovate-acute, exceeding the anther. Staminal-column

short; anthers minute with very thin membranous acute appendages ;

pollen-masses oblong-falcate, reticulate, compressed, attached by erect

thickened cup-shaped caudicles to the small pollen-carriers. Style-apex

rather deeply lobed; tip conical. Follicles smooth. Dene. in DC. Prodr.

VIII. 638; Hassk. Cat. Bogor. 126, and Flora Bot. Zeit. (1845) 280 ;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 525; Hook. Bot. Mag. 4826, 5272; Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 55. Otostemma lacunosum, Blame Rumph. IV. 30, t. 184,

fig. 2 and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 59, t. 11.

Penane: Michado for Curtis. Perak: Scortechin 1558; Kung’s

Collector 3476. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1133 (part). SELANGOR: at

Rawang, fidley 7569.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

12. Hoya piversiFouIA, Blume Bijdr. 1064 (1826). <A climbing

glabrous shrub; branches flexuous, smooth, brown; branchlets paler ;

the bark very thin. Leaves fleshy, very thick; broadly elliptic or

obovate, obtuse or apiculate at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces

glabrous, dull; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 25 in. broad ;

nerves only visible when dry, midrib broad; main nerves about 4 to

6 pairs, rather irregular, at about 60° with the midrib, soon branching ;

reticulations very indistinct; petiole -25 to -5 in. long, thick. Umbels

many-flowered, on stout thick -25 to ‘75 in. long tubercular rachises at

the ends of very thick ‘5 to 2:5 in. long peduncles, which are lateral one

to each pair of leaves; pedicels slender, ‘5 in. long; buds flattened with

5 rounded angles; flowers :25 to :35 in. broad, white or rose-coloured

with pink corona (yellowish-white (Maingay)). Calya membranous ;

lobes elliptic-obtuse, usually ciliate at the tips, ‘075 in. long; scales

apparently none. Corolla glabrous without, puberulous within ; lobes

cordate-acuminate. Corona of 5 processes attached to the bases both

of the staminal-column and of the corolla-tube ; lower lobe of each pro-

cess orbicular or ovate, concave above and with a small central boss,

2-winged below, the wings connivent; upper lobe erect, triangular-acute,

shorter than the anther-appendages. Stanunal-column very short ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 571

anther-cells parallel above, divergent and empty below; appendages

scarious, acute or acuminate; pollen-masses oblong, truncate at top,

thin on the outer margin, attached by very short thick caudicles to the

rather long obconical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, depressed,

with a short conical apiculus. follicles sublinear, falcate, 6 in. long,

‘75 in. broad; pericarp thick, apparently -25 in. or more. Seeds oblong,

25 in. long. Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 636; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 518 ;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 61. 4H. orbiculata, Wall. in Wight Contrib.

36; Wall. Cat. 8151; Dene. J. c. 635; Mig. l.c. 519. “ Sussuela

esculenta,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 467, t. 175, f. z.

PENANG: at Pulau Boetong, Curtis 928. Perak: Wray 2718; Scor-

techint 118. Matacca: Griffith 3787 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1130. Panane:

at Pekan; Ridley 1619. Sineapore: Ridley 1626, 2733—Disrrip.

Burma (at Prome, Wallach 8151), Java, Amboyna.

13. Hoya Maineayt, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 62 (1883). A trail-

ing epiphytic shrub, sending out rootlets along its stem; nodes much

swollen; branches stout; branchlets terete, pale brown. Leaves very

thick, fleshy, coriaceous when dry; elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate,

shortly acuminate at apex, long acuminately narrowed at base; both

surfaces glabrous, dull when dry; margins recurved; 7 to 9 in. long,

2°5 to 3°5 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent when dry, with a

gland or enlargement at the base above the petiole; main nerves about

5 pairs, prominent when dry, especially above, at about 60° to 70° with

the midrib, nearly straight at first, then branching and forming a rough

intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular,

distant; petiole thick, -25 to 6 in. long. Umbels many-flowered (20 to

30), on a very short tubercular rachis at the end of a thick peduncle °3

to 1 in. long; pedicels very slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long; buds obconieal,

pentagonal, concave above, -25 in. broad; flowers pale pink; corona

white. Calyx small, pale pink with red tips, red-scabrous-punctate

without, glabrous within; lobes -03 in. long, obtuse, ciliate ; no scales.

Corolla -5 to ‘75 in. broad when open; lobes triangular, villous within

with pale crispate hairs. Corona of 5 processes; outer lobe ovate, acute,

horizontal, bi-cleft, concave above with central ridge, 2-valved below ;

upper of a short acute tooth shorter than the anther-tip. Stamnal-

column short, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; anther-cells

divergent; appendages scarious, acuminate, incurved; pollen-masses

flattened, oblong-faleate, waxy, attached by short caudicles embracing

their bases to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, angles

acute, tip conical. Fruit not known in the ripe state, when immature

4 to 5 in. long, -25 in. broad, acuminate, tip recurved ; pericarp smooth.

Perak: Scortechina 584. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1136.

572 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

14. Hoya parasitica, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 37 (1834), and Cat.

8159. A stout climbing epiphytic shrub, creeping over the trunks and

branches of trees and giving off roots from every part (Roxb.) ;

branches smooth, pale, fleshy. Leaves fleshy, thick, very variable ;

ovate or elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or

almost cordate to cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins

recurved ; 3 to 7 in. long, 15 to 3 in. broad; 5-nerved from the base,

the outermost pair thin, forming loops near the margins, from the

sinuses of which transverse nerves join them to the middle pair;

midrib with several transverse nerves also joining the middle pair, which

have one or two loops near the tip, all raised on both surfaces when dry,

as are the other irregular reticulations; petiole very thick, -25 to 1 in.

long. Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on short or long (reaching 4 in.),

thick (often nearly :25 in. in diam.), tubercular rachises at the ends of

stout 1 to 3 in. long axillary or lateral peduncles which are solitary or

in pairs; pedicels slender, ‘5 in. long or longer; buds turbinate,

d-angled ; flowers pearly-white with a pink centre, very fragrant.

Calyx membranous; lobes ovate, acute; scales very small. Corolla ‘3 in.

broad; lobes cordate, glabrous, inflexed, with the corona-processes pro-

jecting between them. Corona of 5 membranous 2-lobed processes,

which are horny and shining when dry, and white with pink tips; the

lower lobes ovate, spreading, grooved beneath; the upper lobes erect,

acute. Stamenal-column short; anther-cells divergent; appendages

membranous, acute; pollen-masses oblong, truncate, thin on the

outer margin, attached by short thick caudicles to the conical pollen-

carriers. Style-apex membranous, 5-angled, conical-apiculate. Fruit

not known. Wight Ic. 587; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 637; Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 57; Prain Beng. Plants 700. A. Hookerzana, Wight

Contrib. 37; Wall. Cat. 8153; Dene. J. c. 636. Hoya sp., Wall Cat.

8153. H. pallida, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 951; Paxt. Fl. Gard. t. 26,

copied in Lemaire Jard. Fleur. t. 64. Asclepias parasitica, Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. II. 42; Wight Ic. t. 587.

Kepau: Kunstler 1829. Penance: at Waterfall, Curtes. PrRAK:

at Sungie Larut, Wray 2273; at Bake Kuran, Scortechina 1626; at

Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector 10316. Maxacca: Griffith; Maingay

(K.D.) 1126, 1132, 1138. Panane: Praman, near Pekan, Ridley in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 321. Sryearore: Ridley 1796, 8070.—

Disteip. India (Sikkim, Assam, Sundarbans, Chittagong, Andaman

Islands).

Kunstler describes the colour of the flowers as “white with a pink centre”’ or

‘‘waxy white with a purplish tinge,’’ but Wray says it is ‘‘pale greenish-yellow

with a few small spots of crimson.’’ Roxburgh, who had it in cultivation, says the

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 573

flowers are ‘‘ pearl-coloured,”’ and this is what the FJ. Br. Ind. says of the corolla,

giving the corona-processes as ‘‘ white with pink at the junctures.’’ Maingay (MS.

Notes IV. p. 41) says, ‘‘ petals white, faintly greenish towards the tips, corona white.”

These remarks, for what seems clearly to be the same plant, explain the difference

between Lindley’s and Paxton’s drawings alluded to in the Fl. Br. Ind. As remarked

in Fl. Br. Ind., H. cinnamomifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. 4347, from Java, ‘‘ has very

similar flowers and leaves.’’ But for the corolla being green and the corona purple in

that fig., we should be inclined to place it under H. parasitica.

15. Hoya cortacea, Blume Bijdr. 1063 (1826), and Rumph. IV.

t. 187. A climbing shrub, nearly glabrous; branches shining, smooth,

angled when dry; branchlets pubescent. Leaves coriaceous (Blume) or

fleshy (Wight), chartaceous when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute

or acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous and more or less

shining on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long,

1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised on the lower surface, some-

times with one or more glands just above the petiole; main nerves

distinct, 4 to 6 pairs, at about 40° to 50° with the midrib, straight and

then branching and anastomosing with a looped intramarginal nerve;

reticulations netted, prominent; petiole slender in young leaves, thick

in old ones, 25 to -75 in. long. Umbels racemose, many-flowered (30 to

40), on stout tubercular rachises *25 to °75 in. long and °16 to -2 in. thick

at the ends of stout lateral puberulous peduncles 2 to 5 in. long;

pedicels slender, ‘75 to 1:25 in. long; buds flattened, 5-angled, ‘5 in.

broad, -15 in. high; flowers straw-coloured, yellow or reddish, the

corona white. Calyx pubescent without; tube short; lobes linear,

sparsely ciliate, -15 in. long; scales minute. Corolla ‘75 in. in diam.

when expanded ; lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate, villous within and

grey when dry (‘hairs like collapsed hollow tubes”—Wight), at first

incurved over the column, at last recurved. Corona of 5 spreading

processes, shining and horny when dry: lower lobes ovoid, acute,

inflated, 2-winged below with the wings connivent ; upper lobes erect,

acute, connivent with but shorter than the anthers. Staminal-colwmn

short; anther-cells parallel above with divergent empty ones below ;

appendages scarious, ovate-acute ; pollen-masses slender, oblong-falcate,

straight and thickened on the inner edge, attached by spathulate

caudicles with a raised margin above to the very narrow slender pollen-

carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, rather thick, depressed above with a small

umbo. Follicle 1, 4:5 to 5 in. long, ‘5 to ‘75 in. broad, lanceolate,

obtusely beaked; pericarp very thick, woody, rugose. Seeds oblan-

ceolate, thick, -25 in. long, truncate at tip and bearing a silky coma

1:25 in. long ; cotyledons elliptic, fleshy, -15 in. long; radicle cylindric,

‘075 in. long Mus.Bot.Lugd.-Bat. I. 44; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 521;

Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Bot. Mag. t. 4518, copzed in FI. des

O74 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Serres t. 578; Paxt. Fl. Gard. I. 77, fig. 55; Lemaire Jard. Fleur. t 37

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. VI. 61; Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.

TV. 2, 290, fig. 88 4,8. H. Brunoniana, Wight Contrib. 37; Wall. Cat.

8163; Dene. l. c. 636.

Perak: Scortechine 533. Matacca: Groffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1131,

1134. Panane: at Pekan, Aedley 2171.—Disrris. Java, Borneo

(Motley 1121; Beccarz 3926).

16. Hoya Forsesu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub,

rooting on trees and probably epiphytic ; branchlets somewhat angular,

lenticellate, with pale brown shining bark. Leaves coriaceous when

dry ; elliptic-oblong or -obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex,

rounded at base; upper surface glabrous, shining; lower surface

minutely papillose; both pale brown when dry; margins somewhat

recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 2:5 to 4 in. broad; midrib strong, much

raised beneath, bearing on the upper surface a gland just above the

petiole; main nerves about 7 pairs, irregular but usually at 40° with

the midrib, more or less curved and branching; secondary nerves

frequent, especially near the top between the main nerves; reticula-

tions transverse, irregular, clearly visible only on the upper surface ;

petiole very thick, bent, articulate in the middle, about -5 in. long.

Umbels apparently few-flowered, on 75 in. long rachises with small

tubercles at the end of short (about ‘75 in.) peduncles; pedicels filiform,

‘) in. long, puberulous; buds flattened, :25 in. in diam. ; flowers having

greyish-white corollas with purple tips (Forbes). Calyx membranous ;

lobes about twice as long as tube, ovate, ciliate, puberulous without ;

no scales. Corolla ‘4 in. in diam., puberulous without; lobes broadly

triangular-ovate-acute, incurved. Corona of 45 inflated processes

closely adnate to the staminal-column ; lower lobes horizontal, narrow-

oblong, slightly ridged above, 2-valved below, nearly 1 in. long ; upper

lobe a minute erect tooth. Staminal-colwmn short; anthers incumbent

over the style-apex; cells divergent ; appendages acute, scarious ; pollen-

masses flattened, falcate, attached by short straight caudicles to the

narrow pollen-carriers. Style-apex very thin, deeply 5-lobed with a

conical tip. Fruit not known.

PerAK: Scortechini 1679, 1680.— Distris. Sumatra, on Kaba

Volcano, 5000 feet (Forbes 2896a).

17. Hoya Finuaysonu, Wight Contrib. 38 (1834). <A climbing

shrub; stem stout; branchlets pale brown, smooth, lenticellate, flexuose.

Leaves coriaceous, thick, hard and tough when dry; ovate- or oblong-

lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, more or less rounded at base;

both surfaces at first minutely papillose, afterwards glabrescent or

dotted, when fresh greenish-red above, dark red beneath; margins with

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 575

a wavy nerve close to the edge; 5 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad;

nerves very prominent and raised on both surfaces when dry; midrib

stout, with a large gland just above the petiole; main nerves about

5 to 7 pairs besides the marginal one, at about 60° with the midrib,

nearly straight to join a second and prominent looped intramarginal

nerve; secondary nerves many, irregular; reticulations irregular,

netted; petiole very thick, -25 to ‘5 in. long. Umbels very many-

flowered, without any prominent tubercular rachis; peduncles ‘75 to

2 in. long, rather slender; pedicels almost capillary, ‘5 to °75 in. long;

buds 5-angled, hemispheric below, flattened and depressed above, ‘25 in.

across; flowers with cream-coloured and pink corolla and waxy-white

corona. Calyx thin, nearly hyaline, with a few brown veins; lobes

obtuse, ‘05 in. long, pubescent within. Corolla ‘4 in. broad when open,

pubescent within; lobes triangular-ovate-acute, usually inflexed.

Corona of 5 spreading inflated processes; the lower lobes ovate-acute,

concave at first, afterwards more or less ridged, 2-winged below; the

upper lobe erect, short, acute. Stamnal-column short, attached to the

top of the corolla-tube; anther-cells divergent; appendages short,

rounded, scarious; pollen-masses oblong-falcate, obtuse at tip, attached

by very short thick caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex

5-angled, with 5 rays leading to a short apiculus. Follicle 1, very

slender, 7:5 in. long, -25 in. broad, straight, acuminate; pericarp thin,

glabrous, striate. Seeds cylindric, ‘3 in. long, acute at base, truncate at

tip, and bearing a 1 to 1:5 in. long silky coma; testa very thin, brown;

cotyledons fleshy, lanceolate, 15 in. long; radicle cylindric, -1 in. long.

Wall. Cat. 8166; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

527; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 62.

Perak: Wray 2724; King’s Collector 4800. Sincapore: Wallich

8166.—Distris. Siam? (Finlayson).

The specimens in the Kew Herbarium, have no flowers, but we see no reason to

doubt the identification of the leaves of our specimen. °

18. Hoya Rivteyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining epiphytic

undershrub, rooting at intervals on the bark of trees; branchlets pale,

terete, lenticellate, rather slender when dry. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous

when dry, variable; ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at

apex, rounded or narrowed or sometimes cuneate at base; both surfaces

glabrous; margins recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. broad;

midrib slender, faint, as are the nerves generally, even when dry; main

nerves about 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair starting from the base and

curving along the margin, the others nearly at right angles, quickly

branching and joining the marginal one; reticulations irregularly

576 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

netted; petiole very thick, -25 to °75 in. long, broad at the junction

with the blade. Umbels many-flowered, on -25 to 1 in. long rachises

with small tubercles at the ends of stout lateral peduncles 1 to 4 in.

long; pedicels slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; buds flattened, -25 in. in diam.

Calyx papillose without; lobes oblong, acute, -06 in. long; no scales.

Corolla rugose without, puberulous within; lobes cordate, almost

3-pointed, points acuminate, especially the end one. Corona of 5 shining

inflated processes; lower lobe horizontal, ovate, sharply acute, concave

on the upper surface with a median ridge, 2-valved below; upper lobe

on acute erect tooth, shorter than the anthers. Staminal-colwmn short,

inserted on the tube of the corolla, wings of filaments ear-like ; anther-

cells divaricate; appendages scarious, acuminate, incurved; pollen-

masses flattened, oblong, truncate at top; attached by short thick

caudicles to the 3-lobed rounded rather large pollen-carriers. Style-

apex membranous, 5-angled ; tip long conical. rut not known.

Kepaw: at Pulau Songsong, Curtes. Prnane: Curtis; at Pulau

Tikus, Fiudley 9476. Perak: at Maxwell’s Hill, Ardley 5519.

SINGAPORE: at Grange Road, Azdley 10358.

To this species, also, probably belongs Curtis 2355 from Kwala Lumpor, Selangor,

which has, however, smaller leaves, but no flowers.

19. Hoya parvirLorA, Wight Contrib. 37 (1834). A twining, slender,

epiphytic undershrub; rooting on the stems and branches of trees;

branchlets very slender, terete. Leaves thick, coriaceous; lanceolate,

acute both at apex and base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins

slightly recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, -35 to ‘75 in. broad; midrib slender,

obscure; main nerves very faint even when dry, 5 to 6 pairs, very

acutely (about 10°) spreading from the midrib, the lowest pair even

more so; reticulations not visible; petiole about -15 in. long, thick.

Umbels many-flowered (30 to 40), racemose, lateral or terminal; peduncle

rather stout, 1:5 to 1-75 in. long, ending in a thickened strobilate rachis

often 1 in. long with minute imbricate bracts; pedicels slender, ‘25 to

‘5 in. long; buds globose, depressed; flowers many, about ‘15 to ‘25 in.

in diam., apparently white. Calyx membranous, very small; lobes

ovate. Corolla rotate, revolute, villous within with unicellular soft

hairs; lobes triangular. Corona of 5 membranous horizontally spread-

ing processes, forming a shallow cone; lobes longitudinally folded, bifid

at apex. Staminal-column very short; anthers connivent over the

style-apex, with very thin membranous appendages ; pollen-masses very

minute, flattened, oblong-truncate, attached by minute cup-shaped

caudicles to the triangular pollen-carriers. Style-apex with a conical

tip. follicles very slender, 4 to 5:5 in. long, ‘2 in. broad; pericarp thin,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 577

smooth. Seeds oblong, -25 in. long, not winged, truncate at tip, and

bearing a 1 in. long white silky coma; testa very thin, pale brown,

smooth; cotyledons oblong, -05 in. long; radicle cylindric, ‘075 in.

long. Wall. Cat. 81564; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 637; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 54.

Penane: at Balik Pulau, Curtis 689; on Mount Elvira, Md. Haniff

for Curtis —Distris. Tenasserim (Wallich 8156 a).

20. Hoya rEvoututTa, Wight MS.; Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 55

(1883). A twining epiphytic undershrub, occasionally rooting from the

nodes; branchlets slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves very thick and

fleshy; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rather abruptly

acute and attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous, very pale when

dry and more or less shining; margins strongly recurved; 1:5 to 3 in.

long, ‘75 to 1 in. broad; midrib and main nerves (3 to 4 pairs at about

60°) only occasionally, and then very faintly, visible when dry; petiole

very thick, -1 to 15 in. long. Umbels on a 2 to 4 in. long peduncle,

ending in a thick strobilate rachis ‘5 in. long with cushion-like minute

bracts; pedicels of various lengths, -25 to 1 in. long, filiform; buds

small, round, depressed, ‘1 in. in diam.; flowers small, pink, or white

with pink tips. Calyx rotate; lobes oblong, obtuse, 02 in. long; scales

small, flat. Corolla -125 in. in diam., with a slight raised fold at the

mouth of the tube; lobes triangular, as long as tube. Corona of 5

membranous processes united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column,

each again lobed and produced upwards in an acute point. Staminal-

column very shortly stalked; anthers inflexed; appendages acuminate,

membranous; pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, attached by short thick

caudicles to the small pollen-carriers. Style-apex deeply 5-lobed, with

a conical apiculus. /rwt not known. ZH. ovalifolia, Wall. Cat. 8160s.

Perak: in Lartit 3962 and at Relan Tujor, Wray 1902; Scortechini.

Manacoa: Griffith ; Maingay (K.D.) 1127, 1129, 1123 (part). Sinea-

PoRE: Wallich 8160s.

Wray No. 3962, from Blanda, Mabok Plains, Larut, is a fruiting specimen which

may possibly belong to H. revoluta, Wight; but the leaves are lanceolate and not

ovate, and the flowers are described as yellow instead of pink. The following is the

description :—

A climbing undershrub; branches terete, pale brown. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous

when dry; lanceolate, acuminate at apex, narrowed at base; glabrous on both sur-

faces ; margins strongly recurved; 1-5 to 2 in. long, ‘5 to 75 in. broad; midrib and

main neryes only very faintly visible when dry, the latter curving upwards at an acute

angle ; petiole very thick, -25 in. long on a much enlarged base. Flowers not seen.

Follicle lanceolate, poniard-shaped, acutely angled, 2°5 in. long, -4 in. broad; pericarp

thick. Seeds very small, -1 in. long, trigonous-oblong with a broad truncate apex,

bearing a white silky coma 1 to 1:5 in. long; testa thin, brown; albumen rather thick;

578 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cotyledons elliptic, -(02 in. long; radicle ‘01 in. long, flattened perpendicularly to the

cotyledons.

21. Hoya puicata, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing, probably

epiphytic, undershrub; branchlets rather stout, terete, yellowish. Leaves

fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute

at base; smooth and glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly

recurved; 3 in. long, 1 in. broad; midrib very faint and then only when

dry; remaining nerves invisible; petiole stout, ‘25 in. long, flattened.

Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on stout tubercular rachises, -25 to

‘5 in. long at the ends of stout 75 to 1 in. long peduncles; pedicels

fleshy, broadly flattened when dry, 1 in. long; buds 5-angled, flattened.

Calyx small; lobes ovate, acuminate, hyaline; scales subulate. Corolla

‘4 in. broad, with a raised 5-angled villous ridge in the tube above the

insertion of the staminal-column, puberulous on both surfaces; lobes

triangular, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long. Corona of 5 shining horny processes

attached to the backs of the anthers; lower lobe ovate, obtuse or bifid at

apex, with a broad fold on the upper surface; upper lobe erect, acumi-

nate, as long as the anthers. Stanwnal-cohumm short; anther-cells

parallel; appendages scarious, acuminate; pollen-masses flattened,

granular, thin on the margin, truncate at top, seated on the face of

spathulate horizontal caudicles, which connect them with the rather

large-lobed pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, fleshy, with a short

conical apiculus. F'rwt not known.

Perak: at Maxwell’s Hill, 3000 ft., Scortechini 323.

22. Hoya CAMPANULATA, Blume Bijdr. 1064 (1825). A small twining

shrub; branches fleshy; branchlets pale brown and shining when dry,

the bark scaling off. Leaves fleshy and bright-green when fresh,

coriaceous when dry; elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate or

attenuate, sometimes rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, more or

less shining, pale when dry; margins recurved; 2°5 to 6°5 in. long,

1 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout, raised below, impressed above when

_ dry; with a rounded gland at the base above the petiole; main nerves

6 to 7 pairs, straight to meet, often at scarcely more than half-way to

the edge, a prominent (when dry) looped intramarginal nerve; secondary

nerves few, similar; reticulations many, irregular, prominent, and raised

above when dry; petiole ‘25 in. long, stout. Umbels about 16- to 20-

flowered; peduncles stout, 1 to 2 in. long, the bracteate portion -25 to

‘) in. long; pedicels very slender, 1 to 1-25 in. long; buds globose,

depressed ; flowers cream-coloured. Calyx-lobes membranous, hyaline,

subulate. Corolla glabrous, about 1 to 1:5 in. broad or broader; lobes

ciliate, boat-shaped, -6 in. long; scales very short, apiculate. Corona

of 5 processes; lower lobes of spreading spurs ‘15 to -2 in. long,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 579

smooth, shining, horny when dry; upper lobes somewhat similar,

erect. ollicles straight, cylindric, ‘6 to ‘8 in. long, :2 in. broad ;

pericarp smooth, green with white stripes when fresh. Seeds ob-

long, obspathulate, °3 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, with a short wing at

the base, the tip truncate with a white silky coma 1 to 1‘5 in. long;

testa very thin, smooth; cotyledons oblong, ‘15 in. long; radicle cylin-

dric, ‘1 in. long. Wall. Cat. 8171; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 633;

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 513; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 62. H. campanu-

lata, Blume Bijdr. 1064; Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1847) t. 54; Hook. Bot.

Mag. t. 4545. Cystidianthus campanulatus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog.

126; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 57; Mig. l.c. 515. Physo-

stelma Wallichiz, Wight Contrib. 40; Wall. Cat. 8171; Dene. in DC.

l. c.; Mig. J. c. 513; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 62. P. ? campanulata,

Dene. l. c.

PeRAK: at Relan Tujor, Wray 1841, 3139, 4014, 4024; Scortechini

171, 336; at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9712; King’s Collector 2587, 3457,

3819. Singapore: Wallich 8171.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java (Forbes

416), Borneo (Haviland 1971). |

A specimen of Forbes’s from Sumatra has flowers quite twice as large as those

from the Peninsula, but the structure is the same. He says, ‘‘ Flowers cream-white

with a flush of rose-purple, very fragrant.’’ The description of the follicles is taken

from those sent by Wray with his No. 1841, but as they are not attached to the plant,

and we have seen no others for comparison, we do not feel quite sure of their

identification.

23. Hoya Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender creeping

epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the branches of trees; stems

slender, very rough when dry. Leaves fleshy, thinly coriaceous when

dry ; lanceolate, obtuse and glandular-apiculate at apex, long-attenuate

at base; upper surface glabrous smooth, lower minutely papillose, both

greyish when dry; margins recurved; 3:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in.

broad; midrib slender, broadened at base; main nerves very incon-

spicuous even when dry, about 4 pairs, at about 30° with the midrib ;

reticulations not visible; petiole very thick, rugose, jointed at the

junction with the blade. Inflorescence not seen; rachis minutely

tuberculate; pedicels slender, ‘75 to 1 in. long, seurfy. Calyx hyaline,

papillose without; tube short ; lobes linear-oblong, -05 in. long; scales

subulate. Corolla campanulate-rotate, ‘3 in. broad when open, villous

within with cellular hairs, margins fimbriate-crispate; lobes very

short, triangular. Corona of 5 processes, attached above the filament-

tube, horny and yellow when dry; lower lobe a slightly upcurved linear-

lanceolate ridged spur; upper similar, erect, dorsally flattened, longer

580 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

than the anthers. Staminal-column with filament-tube free from the

corona, otherwise short; anthers short, cells parallel; appendages scari-

ous, ovate, curved over the style-apex; pollen-masses flattened, oblong,

obliquely truncate with membranous margins, attached by broadly in-

flated cup-like caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex

5-angled, thick, concave above with a conical apiculus. Fyrwit not

seen.

PrerAK: at Gunong Batu Pateh, 4300 ft., Wray 371.

28. DIscHIptIA, Br

Herbs or undershrubs, usually epiphytic, climbing and rooting on

trees or pendulous from them, sometimes almost leafless. Leaves

usually opposite, fleshy, sometimes converted into pitchers (asczdia), —

sometimes convex and sessile, rugose or bullate. lowers very small,

often minute, white yellow or red, in axillary racemose or umbellate

cymes or fascicles; the rachis short, thick, tuberculate; peduncles stout.

Calyx small, 5-partite, membranous, with 5 glandular scales. Corolla

campanulate tubular or urceolate; the tube ovoid or globose or cylin-

dric; the mouth usually contracted; lobes 5, thick, valvate. Corona

staminal, of 5 membranous processes, adnate to the back of the

staminal-column, erect, the tips entire, notched or bifid or with in-

curved or recurved arms; sometimes none or replaced by a corolline

corona (Subg. I. ConcHopHynium). Staminal-column very short ;

filaments connate in a tube; anthers erect, with membranous appen-

dages; pollen-masses 1 in each cell, compressed, waxy, attached by

long curved caudicles, usually of cornucopia shape, to the hard oblong

pollen-carriers, caudicles in D. coccinea very short. Ovary of 2 carpels;

styles short ; style-apex flat or with a conical sometimes capitate tip.

Fruit of 2 or 1 small slender or thick acuminate follicles; pericarp

smooth. Seeds very small, flask-shaped, tipped with a long silky coma.

—Distris. About 50 species: in tropical India, the Malay Peninsula

and Archipelago, the Philippine Islands, New Guinea and Australia.

Staminal-corona absent (Subgenus I. ConcHopHyLLuM) :—

Corolla with a corona like a toothed hanging fold; leaves of

two kinds—(1) orbicular, flattened; (2) reniform, markedly

convex and bullate, under -75 in. long and 1 in. broad .. IL. D. astephana.

Corolla with a corona like a thickened undulate fold ; leaves

of one kind (so far as known), reniform, slightly convex and

bullate, usually over 1 in. long and 1°5 in. broad .. 2. D. depressa.

Staminal-corona present, membranous, erect, with incurved or

recurved arms (Subgenus II. Eupiscurpra) :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves sessile, usually reniform, convex above, closely applied

to the tree-trunks or branches (Sect. 1. Comtyris) :—

Leaves not bullate; flowers white, tipped with lilac

Leaves strongly bullate; flowers scarlet, tipped with lilac

Leaves partly or wholly converted into pitchers (ascidia)

(Sect. 2. AscrprrERa) :—

Ordinary leaves orbiculate, up to 1 in. in diam., pitchers

2 to 5 in. long, oblong, curved, more or less smooth

All leaves (so far as known) converted into subreniform

compressed rugose pitchers about 2 in. in diam.

Leaves normal, not (so far as known) converted into Aegis

or conyex and sessile (Sect. 3. Normanta) :—

Corona-processes bifid, emarginate or depressed above ;

lobes ineurved :—

Lobes of corona-processes narrow :—

Lobes of corona-processes horizontal or upcurved ;

leaves thick, fleshy, linear-oblong or spathulate

Lobes of corona-processes curved downwards, spathu-

late; leaves flat, orbicular, papillose beneath

Lobes of corona-processes broad :—

Leaves ovate, glabrous. not lacunose; corolla-tube

merely villous at the throat within ae se

Leaves ovate, often hirsute, lacunose; corolla-tube

villous at the throat within and with a ring of hairs

half-way down also be

Corona-processes rounded or sefmilnnen abasey lobes in-

curved, usually somewhat twisted :— ;

Corolla-tube under ‘1 in. long; lobes short, glabrous or

villous within :—

Corolla urceolate ; tube globose; lobes villous within;

leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 to 4 in. long,

75 to 1:25 in. broad; corona-processes extremely thin

Corolla campanulate; lobes glabrous within :—

Leaves ovate, 1°5 to 2°5 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad ;

petiole flattened . : :

Leaves ovate- iaeeeuinte, 11955 ir) Aiea) ‘thal cane ‘75 to

lin. broad ; petiole not flattened

Corolla-tube over -1 in. long; lobes elongate, Piliges

within :—

Corolla urceolate, gradually contracted at the throat;

tube -125 in. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 2°5 in.

long :

Corolla tubular, :3 to “4 in. iene a rsied and again

slightly swollen; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, -75

to 1:25 in. long

SPECIES OF WHICH LEAVES ONLY KNOWN.

Leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 1:5 to 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in.

broad

bent!

10.

11.

13.

14,

15.

16.

581

. Collyris.

. coccinea.

. Rafflesiana.

. complex.

. benghalensis.

. Numnularia.

. albida.

. hirsuta.

. acutifolia.

. cordifolia.

. monticola.

. Scortechinii.

. tubulifiora.

. Deschampsii.

582 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

1. DiscHIDIA ASTEPHANA, Scortechini MS. in Herb. Cale. A slender

creeping epiphytic herb, closely appressed to and rooting on the trunks

and branches of trees; stems minutely scabrous-papillose and hirsute.

Leaves fleshy, sessile, appressed to the stem, dark red beneath, of

two kinds—(1) orbicular-villous, papillose, -25 to 35 in. in diam. ;

midrib slender; main nerves about 2 pairs, very obscure; and (2)

reniform, very obtuse, upper surface convex, bullate, lower concave

with broad pits, papillose with minute annular papille, strigosely hir-

sute; -5 to °75 in. long, -75 to 1 in. broad; nerves visible on the under

surface only, irregular, branching, central one (midrib ?) thick. Umbels

few-flowered, on a thick tubercular rachis -25 in. long at the end of a

thick peduncle somewhat shorter; pedicels -1 in. long, angled; buds

5-angled, conical, -15 in. long; flowers white. Calyx membranous ;

lobes oblong-obtuse, ciliate, hirsute beneath, -05 in. long; scales minute.

Corolla urceolate ; tube 5-angled, :125 in. long, contracted at the mouth,

furnished within with a ring of stiff hairs below the mouth, and about

half-way down a corolline corona consisting of a reflexed membranous

hanging annular fold with 5 bilobed teeth, otherwise glabrous; lobes

ovate, 025 in. long, erect, pubescent within. Stamwnal-corona none.

Staminal-column conical, attached to the base of the corolla-tube; fila-

ment-ring short; anther-wings horny, large, 2-folded, spreading out-

wards; anthers erect, cells parallel; appendages very thin, acuminate,

connivent; pollen-masses oblong or clavate, truncate, granular, seated

on rather long caudicles with cup-like apex, which connect them with

the large oblong shining pollen-carriers. Style-apex long, conical.

Follicle 1, lanceolate, 1:25 to 1:75 in. long, acuminate; pericarp very

thin, opening out flat and 2-keeled; placenta membranous. Seeds not

seen.

Perak: at Bujong Malacca, Scortechint 1897. SmLANGOoR: at Bukit

Hitam, Ridley 6570 (in part).

This very interesting species is closely allied to Conchophyllum imbricatum, Bl.,

the “ Pustula arborum”’ of Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 473, t. 175, fig. 3. Beccari, in

Malesia, II. 258, maintains Blume’s genus Conchophyllum, characterized by the

absence of a staminal corona. As, however, in all other respects the species seems to

us to bear the characters of Dischidia, we have preferred to retain it in that genus, as

was done by Scortechini, whose manuscript description in the Calcutta Herbarium

has been followed closely.

2. DISCHIDIA DEPRESSA, C. B. Clarke, MS. in Herb. Kew. A slender

creeping epiphyte, closely appressed to and rooting on the stems

and branches of trees; stems very slender, wiry; rootlets extremely

numerous. Leaves fleshy, sessile, orbicular-reniform, flattened or

somewhat convex and slightly bullate on the upper surface, glabrous or

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 583

very slightly papillose on the lower surface, and with small pits; 1 to

1-25 in. long, 1:5 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 2 to 3

pairs, the lowest pair from the base spreading horizontally; the others

slightly acutely and early branching. Inflorescence not seen. Calyx

very thin, hyaline; lobes glabrous, rounded, ‘03 in. long, obscurely

3-nerved. Corolla urceolate, much depressed; tube when at full length

‘075 in. long, glabrous within and furnished in the middle with a 5-lobed

undulate fold or corolline corona; the throat closed, with stiff inflexed

decumbent shining white hairs; lobes triangular, -05 in. long, thickened,

villous within. Staminal-corona none. Staminal-column short, pyra-

midal; anther-wings spreading outwards, horny; appendages very

thin, obtuse, connivent; pollen-masses cylindro-clavate, attached by

cornucopia-shaped caudicles as long as themselves to the ellipsoid

pollen-carriers. Style-apex conical; tip capitate. Fruit not known.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1115.

3. Discuip1a Coniyris, Wall. Cat. 4207 (1829). A creeping

epiphyte, trailing over and rooting on the stems and branches of trees;

stems slender, terete; rootlets very numerous and spreading. Leaves

fleshy, coriaceous when dry, sessile; orbicular, convex above with re-

flexed margins, mucronate or not at apex, slightly cordate at base in

young leaves; wrinkled above, papillose and often farinose beneath ;

1 to 1:5 in. in diam.; midrib and nerves distinct on the lower surface;

midrib stout; main nerves 2 to 3 pairs, nearly at right angles to the

midrib, soon branching and spreading; reticulations very few visible.

Umbels on stout tuberculate rachises in pairs at the ends of short stout

clavate peduncles; pedicels very short, slender; flowers white, tipped

with pale lilac. Calyx membranous, hyaline; lobes ovate, ciliate, ‘025 in.

long. Corolla urceolate; tube globose, about 05 in. long, glabrous on

both surfaces, the mouth much contracted, forming a ridge within;

lobes triangular, thickened, glabrous, erect. Corona-processes 5, very

thinly membranous and hyaline, linear, with a spreading emarginate top

with incurved broad flattened lobes. Staminal-column short, conical ;

appendages erect, acute; pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, seated on cornu-

copia-shaped flattened caudicles as long as themselves and joined by

them to the oblong hard brown pollen-carriers. Style-apex pyramidal;

tip somewhat capitate. Jollicles (1 or 2 ?) linear-lanceolate, curved ; tip

recurved, 2 to 2°5 in. long, ‘25 in. broad; base slightly gibbous; peri-

carp thin, pale brown. Seeds cylindrical, 15 in. long by -026 in. broad;

base winged and slightly bifid; testa very thin, brown ; albumen rather

copious ; cotyledons ovate, fleshy, -05 in. long; radicle cylindric, thick,

075 in. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 51. D. albiflora, Griff. Notul.

IV. 47, and Ic. Pl. As. t. 410a, fig. 8; Beccari Malesia II. 263. Collyris

584 Flora of the Maiayan Peninsula.

major, Vahl in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Copenh. VI. 110: Wight Contrib.

66 (2 part).

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1114 (perhaps also, but doubtfully, K.D.

1116, with rather large flatter leaves and frequent pustules); Groffith

3779. Sincapore: Walker—Distris. Burma (Wallich 4207), Java.

We do not feel (any more than, apparently, did the author of the Fl. Br. Ind.)

quite sure of the identification of Griffith’s specimens with those herein described

(Maingay 1114), but believe that they correctly belong to this plant, representing

terminal small-leaved sprays. Conchophyllum imbricatum, Bl. Bijdr. 1061, cannot be

this species, as it is described as having no staminal corona-processes.

4, Discuipia coccinea, Griff. Notul. TV. 45 (1854), and Ic. PI.

Asiat. CCCCIX. A small creeping epiphyte, trailing over and rooting on

the stems and branches of trees; stems slender, smooth or papillose or

with rounded warts; rootlets very numerous and spreading. Leaves

fleshy, coriaceous when dry, sessile; orbicular, convex above, the

margins broadly recurved, wrinkled above and with prominent large

bullate protuberances, pitted below by the protuberances and minutely

papillose, white when young, red when old; ‘5 to 1 in. in diam. ; mid-

rib and 1 to 2 pairs of branching nerves prominent beneath. Umbels

about 5- to 6-flowered, on short enlarged rachises at the ends of thick

peduncles about -1 in. long; the peduncles in pairs in the axils of the

leaf-pairs; pedicels slender, clavate, -15 to -2 in. long; buds broadly

conical ; flowers scarlet with lilac tips. Calyx membranous, hyaline ;

lobes very small, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla urceolate; tube gradually

attenuate upwards from an inflated base, ‘1 in. long, slightly puberulous

without, glabrous within, with an undulately 5-lobed ridge at a little

above half height; lobes triangular-ovate, thickened, ‘03 in. long,

glabrous. Corona-processes 5, membranous, linear, with an emarginate

top bearing broad incurved lobes. Stamwnal-colwmn slender; the anther-

wings minutely horned; appendages ovate-acute, connivent over the

style-apex; pollen-masses oblong, slender, attached by minute- cup-

shaped caudicles to the ovoid dark brown pollen-carriers. Style-apex

5-angled, conical with a subulate capitate tip. ollicles (usually 2)

about 1 in. long, curved and much recurved, rather broad; pericarp

crustaceous, smooth. Seeds obovoid, ‘05 in. long, the base minutely

winged, the wing dentate; testa thin, pale brown; albumen scanty ;

cotyledons very small, 3 to 4 times smaller than the ovoid fleshy

radicle. Hook. f. Fl. Br: Ind. IV. 51.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1119; Griffith 3780. PErax: at 4000 to

4500 feet near Larut, King’s Collector 3840, 6905; at Gunong Tjuk,

Scortechim 1185.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 585

The chief peculiarity of this species is in its pollen-masses being elongate and

having very small caudicles, and being therefore quite different from those of any other

species we have examined. The Perak specimens have no flowers, and can therefore

only be referred here tentatively, but we believe them to be correctly identified.

5. Discuip1A RAFFLESIANA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 35, t. 142 (1831),

and Cat. 4208. A creeping epiphytic undershrub, milky, much branched,

rooting on the trunks and branches of trees and often pendent from

them ; stems glabrous or slightly pubescent, terete, lower ones as thick

as a goosequill. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry, changing into

pitchers; orbiculate or ovate-orbiculate, obtuse or mucronate some-

times acuminate at apex, rounded at base, slightly peltate; both sur-

faces glabrous ; margins recurved; °75 to 1 in. in diam.; nerves faintly

visible beneath; midrib slender ; main nerves about 3 to 4 pairs, the lowest

pair from the base and making an intramarginal nerve which the others

join; petiole stout, flat, -15 to -25 in. long, sometimes longer; pitchers

(ascidia) 2 to 5 in. long, fleshy, thick, oblong or ovate-oblong, slightly

curved, obtuse, gibbous at base, the cavity filled with rootlets from the

adjoiing node. Umbels about 6- to 8-flowered, small, rounded, on

a thickened tubercular rachis at the end of a long or short (usually

‘) in. long) stout peduncle in the axil of the leaves; pedicels

slender; buds ovoid; flowers pale yellow. Calyx membranous; lobes

lanceolate, acute, ciliate, hirsute without. Corolla fleshy, urceolate ;

tube ovoid, pubescent without, -15 in. long; lobes short, obtuse, villous

with somewhat retrorse stiff white hairs within, erect, ‘05 in. long.

Corona of 5 processes, attached to the base of the staminal-column,

each process on a stout base, deeply bilobed; lobes spathulate, incurved.

Staminal-column short, conical; anther-cells parallel; appendages

acuminate, erect, membranous; pollen-masses rather long, linear-oblong-

spathulate, seated on cup-shaped clavate brown caudicles, which attach

them to the oblong hardened dark pollen-carriers. Follicle 1, 2 to

3 in. long, curved, ‘3 in. broad below the middle, tapering thence to

both ends; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds 1 in. long, somewhat angled,

oblong-obovate, narrowly winged on the margin, broadly winged and often

dentate at base, truncate at tip, bearing a silky coma 1 in. or more long ;

albumen very scanty ; cotyledons elliptic, obtuse, ‘025 in. long ; radicle

‘) in. long, cylindric. Griff. Notul. IV. 47, t. 386, fig. 6, and in Trans.

Linn. Soc. XX. 387 and 391, tt. 17, 18; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 632 ;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 512; Wight Contrib. 44; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TY. 50; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Naturl. Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 228,

fig. 87 (from Wallich) ; Beccari Malesia II. 263. D. viridescens, Griff.

l.c. 49. Collyrts major, Vahl in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soe. Copenh. VI.

110; Wight Contrib. 66 (7 part).

a86 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak: at Lartt, Kunstler. Mauacca: on islands, growing on

Anacardiwm, Maingay (K.D.) 1117. Panana: near Pekan and Kwala

Pahang, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 320. Sin@apore:

Wallich 4208; Kurz; Deschamps; Kunstler (King’s Collector) 1209.—

Distris. India (Cachar, Tenasserim), Borneo, Australia. A coast plant,

abundant in dry spots near the sea, disappearing inland (Ridley). The

pitchers are usually occupied by ants.

6. Discuip1a compLEXx, Griff. Notul. IV. 50 (1854). A twining

_ epiphyte, growing and rooting on the stems and branches of trees;

stems very slender, terete. Leaves replaced by pitchers (ascidia), the

pitchers subreniform, compressed, about 2 in. in diam.,the orifice small,

near the petiole, its margin inflexed, formed into a second pitcher much

smaller than the outer one, opening on each side by an oblique opening

deeply furrowed on the upper, carinate on the lower, side; the outer

cavity filled with rootlets, the inner surfaces lurid purple. Flowers

subumbellate, white, on thickened rachises at the ends of 1 to 3 in. long

stout peduncles. Corolla with sub-globose tube, scarcely narrowed at

the mouth; lobes broadly ovate, fleshy, inflexed; the throat of the

corolla closed with a ring of hairs. Corona-processes with long narrow

arms dilated at the tips. Stamnal-column truncate; pollen-masses

subobovate, attached by much dilated long keeled caudicles to the

pollen-carriers (from Griffith). Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 51; Beccari

Malesia IT. 265.

Matacca: Griffith, on trees.

7. DISCHIDIA BENGHALENSIS, Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 357,

t. 15 (1817). <A fleshy epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the trunk and

branches of trees, often matted and often hanging in flagelliform sprays ;

stems rather stout, as thick as a goosequill, glabrous, winged when dry.

Leaves very fleshy, thick, subsessile; linear-oblong elliptic obovate or

spathulate, obtuse and apiculate at apex, attenuate at base; ‘6 to 2 in.

long, ‘25 to -75 in. broad; midrib and nerves scarcely ever visible, in

dried specimens sometimes 3 to 5 pairs of main nerves at an acute

angle with the midrib; petiole twisted, -1 to -15 in. long. Umbels

axillary, very short-peduncled, about 10-flowered, usually on stout en-

larged rachises ; pedicels ‘05 to:1 in. long, slender; buds ovoid; flowers

pale yellowish-white. Calyx fleshy; lobes ovate, ‘03 in. long. Corolla

urceolate, glabrous on both sides; tube globose, ‘05 to -1 in. in diam.;

lobes triangular, acute, ‘03 in. long, thickened within. Corona of

5 slender processes, membranous; stalk linear, branching in 2 falcate

recurved subulate laciniw. Staminal-column short; anther-wings

spreading ; appendages short, connivent ; pollen-masses falcate, trun-

cate above, joined by a curved cup-shaped caudicle half as long as

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 587

themselves to the narrow ellipsoid pollen-carriers. Style-apex pyramidal.

Follicles usually 1 only, very slender, straight, acuminate, 1:5 to 2°5 in.

long, ‘15 in. broad; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds almost cylindric,

only slightly compressed at the sides, rounded and minutely denticulate

below, ‘1 in. long, truncate at tip and bearing a copious white silky

coma; testa thin, pale brown; albumen very scanty; cotyledons fleshy,

ovate, ‘05 in. long from a broad base; radicle stout, nearly as large.

Spreng. Syst. Veg. I. 844; Wight Contrib. 43; Dene. in DC. Prodr.

VIII. 631; Bot. Mag. t. 2916; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 50. D. cumner-

folia, Wall. Cat. 4206; Dene. l.c. 633. D. spatulata, Blume Bijdr. 1060;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 512.

Perak: Scortechint 1188; King’s Collector 5751. SINGAPORE:

Maingay (K.D.) 1121.—Distris. India (H. Nepal, Sikkim, Assam and

southwards), Java, Borneo.

8. Discu1p1a Nummuwaria, Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. I. 461 (1810).

A very slender epiphytic herb, rooting on the trunks and branches of

trees ; stems farinose, sometimes papillose or minutely puberulous, grey.

Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry, farinose ; orbicular, acute obtuse or

apiculate at apex, rounded at base or sometimes slightly cuneate ;

under surface more or less papillose; margins often recurved ; -25 to

‘7d in. in diam.; midrib and 2 to 3 pairs main nerves much branching,

reticulating, scarcely visible even when dry; petiole 0 to -05 in. long.

Umbels few-flowered, lateral, on short rachises and short thick peduncles

or nearly sessile; pedicels ‘06 in. long; buds ovoid; flowers scarlet.

Calyx-lobes minute, acute, membranous. Corolla urceolate; tube

‘075 in. long, globose ; throat villous within, with often retrorse hairs ;

lobes linear-subulate, ‘025 in. long, erect, thickened. Corona of 5 pro-

cesses attached to the base of the staminal-column, each process linear

below, bifid above in 2 recurved spathulate lobes. Stamnal-column

short, conical; anther-wings conspicuous; anther-cells parallel; appen-

dages membranous, acute; pollen-masses oblong-ellipsoid, attached by

broad curved caudicles as long as themselves to the small brown horny

pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-lobed; tip conical. ollicles slender,

curved, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, broad near the base (‘6 in.

when open) ; pericarp chartaceous, brown, smooth. Seeds flask-shaped,

‘0d in. long, truncate at the tip and bearing a 1 in. long white silky

coma; testa thin. Wall. Cat. 4204; Wight Contrib. 43; Dene. in

Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par. III. 378, and DC. Prodr. VIII. 632; Bl. Bijdr.

1059; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 507; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 345; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 49; Beccari Malesia Il. 2671, t. lxui. 7 to 11; Prain

Beng. Plants 699. D. orbicularis, Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c. Collyris nwnor,

Vahl in Act. Soc. Hafn. VI. 111; Wight Contrib. 67. D. Gaudichaudii,

588 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c. 508. ‘ Nummularia lactea nunor prima,” Rumph.

Herb. Amb. V. 472, t. 176, fig. 1.

Penance: Curtis; Wallich 42044. Perak: Scortechini 1109.

Mauacea: Griffith 3778; Maingay (K.D.) 1118. Panane: in heath

country Fzdley (see Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. 2, III. 321). Srnearorn:

Hullett 136, 822; King’s Collector 1270.—Distrip. India (Cachar,

Chittagong, Tenasserim and Andaman Islands), Malay Archipelago,

Australia. ‘“ A most noxious epiphyte in Singapore, draping and

eventually killing trees’ (Ridley, /. c.).

Scortechini 1135 is probably this species, but ,the leaves are slightly ovate. The

specimen has no flowers. We cannot separate D. Gaudichaudti even by the retrorse

hairs in the throat of the corolla, for the character is most difficult to be sure

about in such minute flowers, and otherwise there seems to be no point of difference.

9. Discuip1a auprpa, Griff. Notul. IV. 46 (1854). A slender twining

epiphytic herb or undershrub, rooting on the trunks and branches of

trees; stems very slender, scabrid-puberulous or glabrous. Leaves

fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate-acute and mucronate at apex,

rounded or cordate and slightly peltate at base; glabrous and shining

on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; -5 to -75 in. long, ‘4 in.

broad ; nerves very faint when dry; midrib slender; main nerves 3 to

4 pairs, the lowest pair opposite starting from the base and forming an

intramarginal looped nerve up to the apex, the remaining 2 to 3 pairs

nearly horizontal joining the intramarginal nerve at the sinuses of the

loops ; reticulations few, netted; petiole stout, ‘1 to -15 in. long, puberu-

lous. Umbels few-flowered, on minutely tubercular, more or less thick

and elongated, rachises at the ends of -6 to ‘76 in. long rather stout

peduncles; pedicels none or very slender, up to ‘06 in. long; buds

ovoid, acute; flowers white tipped with pink. Calyx membranous;

lobes ovate-acute, ‘04 in. long; scales minute. Corolla urceolate; tube

ovate-globose, ‘15 in. long, white-villous at the throat; lobes triangular,

erect, very small, with thickened margins. Corona very small, mem-

branous, of 5 processes attached to the base of the staminal-column,

linear, bifid; the lobes broad, flat, recurved. Stanunal-column rather

long, obconic below, conic above; base with a rounded protuberance ;

anther-wings prominent; anther-cells parallel ; appendages acuminate ;

pollen-masses ellipsoid, granular, seated on cornucopia-like flattened

caudicles as long as themselves, which connect them with the ovoid-

oblong rather large brown pollen-carriers. Style-wpex with conical tip.

Follicles ‘very long-beaked, deeply channelled on the inner face”’

(Griffith). ‘ Seeds with very long slender coma” (Griffith). Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 50.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 589

PeRAK: at Bujong Malacca, Curtus; Ulu Batang Padang and

Gunong Batu Pateh, 3000 to 5000 ft., Wray 970, 1519; on Maxwell’s

Hill and at Thaiping, Scortechini 86, 313, 1227. Matacca: at Toondook,

Griffith 3781. JoHorE: at Gunong Pulai, 1800 ft., G. King.

10. Discuip1a HirsuTA, Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 632 (1844). A

slender epiphytic trailing herb, rooting on the trunks and branches of

trees; stems minutely papillose and slightly hispid-pubescent, nearly

white when dry, scarcely ever over ‘05 in. in diam. Leaves fleshy,

coriaceous and very pale when dry ; broadly ovate, acute and mucronate

at apex, rounded at base and slightly peltate; shining and lacunose

above, minutely papillose beneath; margins recurved, often hispid-ciliate ;

‘dD to 1 in. long, ‘5 to ‘7 in. broad ; midrib and 2 to 3 pairs of main nerves

prominent above when dry, the nerves horizontal, meeting a looped

intramarginal nerve close to the edge; petiole very short, papillose.

Cymes umbellate, 2- to 3-flowered, on very short rachises at the ends

of short -15 to -2 in. long papillose axillary peduncles; buds ovoid ;

flowers dull red, the tube dark blood-red, the lobes rose-coloured. Calyx

spreading; lobes membranous, ovate, ‘05 in. long; scales minute.

Corolla urceolate; tube °2 in. long, globose below, contracted at the

mouth, furnished within with a row of tufts of hair half-way up and

two further rows at the throat, the lower alternate with, the upper

opposite to, the short ovate-acute lobes, which are ‘05 to ‘1 in. long and

bear 5 adnate fleshy scales behind the tufts of hair. Corona of 5 rather

large very membranous processes from the back of the staminal-column

between the wings, slender below, broad and bifid and recurved above ;

the lobes broadly rounded. Staminal-colwmn conical; the anther-wings

prominent, rounded at base; anther-cells parallel; appendages acu-

minate, membranous, erect; pollen-masses oblong-clavate, obtuse,

seated. on upcurved brown caudicles with cup-like top, which are

half as long as the pollen-masses and connect them to the large conical

dark brown pollen-carriers. Style-wpex very soft; tip long-coniecal.

Follicles “3 in. long, curved, linear-lanceolate, glabrous” (Scortechini).

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 599; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 50; Bot. Mag.

t. 7853. D. fasciculata, Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c. D. Brunoniana, Griff.

Notul. IV. 44, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 410a, fig. 1 (somewhat incorrect).

Leptostemma hirsutum and fasciculatum, Blume Bijdr. 1058.

PrenANG: at Bato Fereng, Curtes 1897. Prrax: at Waterfall Hill,

Wray 137; Scortechim 180; at Larut, 200 to 300 ft., King’s Collector 6691.

Dinpines: at Pangkore Island, Scortechina 1077. Mauacca: Groffith ;

Maingay (K.D.) 1120. Styearore: Adley 2730.—Distr. Burma

(in Tenasserim (Helfer), at Mergui in mangrove forests (Griffith 3782) ),

Java, Borneo.

590 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

_ 11. Discurpia acutirouia, Maingay MS.; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TV. 51 (1883). A slender twining epiphytic undershrub, rather dis-

tantly rooting on the stems and branches of trees; stems terete,

glabrous, striate when dry. Leaves coriaceous, pergamaceous when

dry; lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ; shining and glabrous on both sur-

faces; margins recurved; 2:5 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1:25 in. broad ; midrib

slender, impressed above when dry; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest

pair close to the lower margin, all at from 40° to 60° with the midrib,

straight or curving to join an intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations

netted ; petiole stout, -25 in. long. Umbels few-flowered, in pairs on

thickened rachises at the ends of ‘5 to 1:5 in. long peduncles ; pedicels

very short; buds conical; flowers pale yellow with pink tips. Calyx

very thin, membranous, hyaline; lobes ovate-acute, -025 in. long.

Corolla urceolate; tube globose, ‘05 in. long, throat with a row of

usually erect stiff hairs; lobes as long, villous within, triangular, acute,

thickened. Corona of 5 exceedingly thin membranous hyaline processes;

stem subulate from a broad base; top obtuse, rounded, with 2 rather

short spathulate recurved arms. Stamnal-colunm somewhat elongate,

filament portion membranous ; anther-wings rounded; appendages

crenate with erect acuminate tips; pollen-masses oblong, truncate, on

cornucopia-shaped curved caudicles as long as themselves, and connected

by them to the very slender lanceolate brown pollen-carriers. Style-

apex pyramidal. Fruit not known.

Perak: Scortechint. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1122.

We were only able to dissect one flower, and that with some difficulty. In his

MS. notes (Vol. IV. pp. 48. 67) Maingay says: ‘‘ Leaves of staminal-corona minute, so

closely adpressed to the anthers that I question if in dried specimens of so minute

a plant (flower ?) they could be discoverable at all; obtuse with short brachia.” The

corona-processes are, in fact, excessively thin, but they can be separated with care.

12. DiscHrpI1A coRDIFOLIA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A creeping

epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the trunks and branches of trees ;

stems about as thick as a crowquill, terete; internodes long. Leaves

fleshy, thinly coriaceous when dry; ovate, bluntly acute at apex, rounded

or slightly cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins slightly

recurved ; 1°5 to 2°5 in. long, 1 to 1°75 in. broad; 5- to 7-nerved at the

base; midrib slender; marginal pair of nerves very short and faint,

second pair curving up to about half the length of the leaf, third pair at

an angle of about 30° with the midrib, curving near the margins to form

an intramarginal nerve rejoining the midrib a little below the tip; other

main nerves none; secondary nerves about 2 pairs; reticulations irregu-

larly netted; petiole -5 in. long, broad, flattened. Umbels few-flowered,

in pairs on tubercular rachises about 15 in. long at the ends of stout

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 591

peduncles -5 in. long; pedicels very short, slender; buds ovoid. Calyx

membranous ; lobes ovate-acute, ‘05 in. long; scales small. Corolla

campanulate ; tube -1 in. long, glabrous on both sides; lobes ‘075 in.

long, thickened, glabrous. Corona of 5 very thin hyaline processes,

about ‘04 in. long from the back of the anthers between the wings,

linear-stalked with orbicular rounded tops and sagittate lobes. Staminal-

column attached to the base of the corolla-tube; filament part short ;

anther-cells parallel ; appendages short, acute; pollen-masses ellipsoid,

on caudicles nearly as long as themselves, which attach them to the

narrowly oblong pollen-carriers; the caudicles curved upwards to a cup-

like oblique mouth, and broadly membranously winged on the inside.

Style-apex short, blunt. Fruit not known.

Perak: at Maxwell’s Hill, 3000 ft., Scortechina 424, 516.

13. DiscHipi4 MonTicoLA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A _ trailing

epiphytic undershrub, rooting at intervals on the trunks and branches

of trees; stems slender, terete; internodes long. Leaves fleshy, thinly

coriaceous when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex,

rounded or attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous ; margins slightly

recurved; 1:5 to 35 in. long, ‘75 to 1 in. broad; 5-nerved ; the midrib

slender; outer pair of basal nerves short, reaching about the middle of

the leaf, second pair at an angle of about 20° with the midrib, forming

a looped intramarginal nerve till close to the midrib; main nerves 2 to

3 pairs, short, inconspicuous, joining the midrib to the sinuses of the

looped nerve; reticulations netted, irregular; petiole -25 in. long, some-

what twisted. Umbels few-flowered (?), in pairs on tubercular rachises

‘2 to 3 in. long at the end of a -75 to 1°75 in. long straight lateral

peduncle; pedicels very short, slender; buds ovoid; flowers pale green

(Wray). Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-acute, puberulous without,

‘05 in. long; scales rather large. Corolla campanulate, :125 in. long;

tube glabrous; lobes also glabrous, thickened, scarcely over ‘025 in.

long. Corona of 5 very thin membranous processes, each linear-stalked

with a rounded bluntly sagittate head. Stamznal-column short; anther-

wings broad; anther-cells parallel; appendages very long-acuminate ;

pollen-masses ellipsoid, on cornucopia-shaped caudicles as long as

themselves, which connect them to the slender oblong pollen-carriers.

- Style-apex with a short conical tip. Fruit not known.

PERAK: at camp on Ulu Batang Padong, 4900 feet, Wray 1503; on

Canfield’s Hill, 4000 feet, Scortechint 423, &c.

Scortechini has marked his specimens ‘‘ D. sagittata, Dene.,’”’ but they do not

agree at all well with the descriptions in DC. Prodr. VIII. 631. There are no

specimens of D. sagittata in the Kew Herbarium, but the descriptions give the

leaves as obtuse at apex and attenuate into the petiole at base, which hardly suits

592 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

D. monticola, In the glabrous flowers D. monticola and D. cordifolia come very near

to each other.

14. Discurp1a Scortecuinu, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender

glabrous creeping epiphytic undershrub, sparingly rooting on and often

pendulous from the trunks and branches of trees; stems terete ; inter-

nodes long, 2 to 4 in. or more. Leaves fleshy, pergamaceous when dry;

ovate-lanceolate, attenuately acuminate at apex, rounded at base;

glabrous on both surfaces; 2 to 2°6 in. long, about °5 in. broad;

3- to 5-nerved; midrib slender, raised beneath, sometimes with a gland

at the base; lowest pair of nerves short and faint; next pair prominent

forming an intramarginal looped nerve -1 to °15 in. from the midrib

nearly or quite to the tip; main nerves about 4 to 5 pairs, leaving the

midrib at nearly right angles, and joining the intramarginal nerve at

the loop-sinuses; reticulations netted; petiole -15 to -20 in. long, rugose.

Umbels few- (5- to 6-) flowered, on short rounded tubercular thick

rachises at the ends of stout axillary -3 in. long peduncles; pedicels

reddish, slender, ‘05 in. long; buds lanceolate-ovoid, -15 to -2 in. long;

flowers white tipped with scarlet. Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-

acute, ‘05 in. long, slightly puberulous without; scales very minute.

Corolla urceolate; tube ovoid, glabrous without, pubescent above

within, 125 in. long; throat gradually contracted; lobes erect, -1 in.

long, thickly villous within, especially in their lower half. Corona of

5 exceedingly thin membranous processes, attached to the backs of the

anther part of the column, each process on a narrow base, soon

spreading into a rounded obtusely sagittate tip. Staminal-colwmn

rather long; filament portion free; anther-wings broad, shining, horny ;

anther-cells parallel, with acuminate, erect, connivent, membranous

appendages; pollen-masses oblong-ellipsoid, attached by slender

caudicles as long as themselves to the very narrow slender pollen-

carriers ; the caudicles cornucopia-shaped, with a narrow membranous

wing on the inside edge. Style-apex long-conical, membranous.

Follicles not known.

Perak: Scortechim 548.

We at first thought that this was D. lanceolata, Dene. (Leptostemma lanceolatum,

Bl. Bijdr. 1057), but in that species the bases of the leaves are markedly attenuate

into the broad fiat petiole, and the venation is more strongly 3- to 5-nerved.

15. DiscuipIA TUBULIFLORA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender

creeping epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the trunk and branches of

trees; stems wiry, puberulous. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry ;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded at base ;

glabrous on both surfaces, shining above and wrinkled when dry;

margins recurved; -75 to 1:25 in. long, ‘3 to ‘6 in. broad; nerves only

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 593

clear on under-surface when dry; midrib slender, with usually a gland

at the base above; main nerves 3 to 5 pairs, acutely curved to join in a

looped intramarginal nerve; petiole ‘1 to ‘25 in. long, pubescent.

Umbels few-flowered, on a cylindrical tubercular rachis about -25 in.

long at the end of a thick -15 in. long peduncle; buds slender, cylindric-

clavate, reaching 4 to ‘5 in. long. Calyx membranous; lobes ovate-

acute, ‘05 in. long, pubescent without. Corolla tubular, urceolately

inflated below, then contracted in a neck having a small swelling in the

middle; glabrous without, glabrous within, except a densely villous

ring at the swelling; tube ‘3 to ‘4 in. long; lobes linear, erect, -1 to

‘15 in. long, villous within. Corona of 5 exceedingly thin hyaline

processes, which are inserted between the anther-wings, have narrow

stalks, and are broadly rounded above and sagittate below. Stamznal-

column elongated; filament part cylindric, -075 in. long; anther-wings

horny, tailed at base; anther-cells parallel, with long-acuminate erect

connivent appendages; pollen-masses oblong-ellipsoid, on slender

caudicles as long as themselves, and connecting them with the ovoid-

acute pollen-carriers; the caudicles cornucopia-shaped, and having a

hyaline inner margin. Stiyle-apex long, subulate-acuminate. Follicle 1,

slender, curved, 2 in. long, ‘1 in. broad, acuminate at tip; pericarp

thin, striate, glabrous. Seeds minute, linear, 1 in. long, tipped with a

white silky coma; testa thin, pale.

PERAK: Scortechint 256, 465; King’s Collector 2100.

The description is from Scortechini 465, the only specimen with flowers and fruit,

and the only one, consequently, quite certain.

SPECIES OF WHICH LEAVES ONLY KNOWN.

16. Discuip1a DescHampsu, King & Gamble, n. sp. <A twining

apparently epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the stems and branches of

trees ; branches slender, terete. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-

ovate, bluntly acute at apex, somewhat rounded at base; glabrous on

both surfaces and somewhat shining; margins recurved; 1:5 to 3 in.

long, °75 to 1 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath when dry;

main nerves about 5 pairs, the lowest pair from the base forming

-a looped intramarginal nerve, which is joined at its sinuses by the

others, which are at an angle of about 70° with the midrib; reticula-

tions irregular, prominent, all raised on both surfaces when dry; petiole

thick, -15 to -25 in. long. Umbels on thickened rachises often -5 to

‘75 in. long, at the ends of stout peduncles about lin. long. Flowers

and Fruit unknown.

SINGAPORE : roadsides, Deschamps.

594 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

29. PycnorHaAcuis, Benth.

A hairy twining undershrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers in reflexed

pairs, spirally disposed round the long fleshy branches of an axillary

racemiform cyme. Calyx 5-partite; scales 5 to 10. Corolla turbinate,

with short tube, deeply 5-fid; lobes valvate, slightly twisted to the left.

Corona-scales 5, spreading at the base of the staminal-column opposite

the anthers. Stamnal-colwmn short, adnate to the middle of the

corolla-tube; anthers erect, with membranous, hyaline appendages ;

pollen-masses 1 in each cell, long, slender, cylindric, waxy, erect,

attached by short caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Ovary of 2 carpels,

sunk in the calyx-tube; style-apex 5-angled, obtusely conical, much

shorter than the anthers. F'rwt of curved, smooth, cylindric, obtuse

follicles. Seeds comose.—DistTRiB. One species only.

Pycnoruacuis Marneayi, Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 63 (1883).

Branches flexuose, hispid with spreading tawny hairs. Leaves oblong-

obovate, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, narrowly cordate at

base; both surfaces hispidly hairy with bulbous-based hairs, especially

on the nerves; 4 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent

beneath ; main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, curving upwards and joined by

prominent transverse reticulations; petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, villous.

Cymes 3 to 6 in. long; peduncle 1 to 2 in. long, thick; branches usually

1 to 3, 3 in. in diam. minutely pubescent flower-pairs on rounded

tubercles; pedicels short ; buds conical, long-acuminate. Calyx minutely

red-hairy without, glabrous within; lobes linear-lanceolate, -1 in. long.

Corolla deep purple; tube very short, thickened, with a fringed annulus ;

lobes about -25 in. long, subulate-lanceolate from a broad base. Corona

of 5 thickened fleshy obtuse processes on the backs of the anthers,

Staminal-column short; appendages long, subulate, hyaline; pollen-

masses clavate, slender, attached by minute caudicles to the bases of

the linear clavate pollen-carriers. Style-apex deeply 5-lobed; the lobes

running up to a rounded apiculus. Jollecles 5 in. long, ‘7 in. broad,

cylindric, curved in sickle-shape; pericarp glabrous. Seeds comose.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1141.

The description, like that of Fl. Br. Ind., is chiefly taken from the full notes

given in Maingay MS. Vol. IV. 64.

Tribe V.—CEROPEGIER.

Stamens with their filaments connate into a tube, and adnate to the

style-apex at the top. Anthers erect or incumbent over the style-apex;,

with or without appendages. Pollen-contents of each anther-cell

united in a waxy mass; pollen-masses pellucid on the margin or at

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 595

the apex, attached in pairs to the carriers by short caudicles, erect or

horizontal in the cells, never pendulous.

Corona double: outer corolline, of small processes in the sinuses

of the corolla-lobes ; inner staminal, annular; flowers small ;

corolla rotate .. .. 30. Leprapenta.

Corona double, both cients: outer cup- Siheigone inner usually

erect, subulate; flowers rather large ; corolla tubular .. ,31, CrRoPEGtIA.

30. LeprapEntA, R. Br.

Shrubs, twining or erect, and then with stiff much-branched rush-

like stems. Leaves opposite, variable, sometimes absent. lowers small,

in umbellate, lateral, sessile or pedunculate, many-flowered cymes.

Calyx 5-lobed to the middle or further; scales absent. Corolla deeply

5-lobed, rotate or with a short campanulate tube and spreading lobes;

valvate in bud. Corona double; outer corolline, of 5 short transverse

or rounded fleshy processes alternating with the lobes of the corolla at

the sinuses ; inner staminal, of a raised undulate fleshy ring at the base

of the staminal-column. Stanwnal-colunm arising from the tube of the

corolla, to which the filaments are sometimes adnate; anthers incum-

bent on the style-apex, with minute or no appendages; pollen-masses

1 to each anther-cell, suberect or erect, ovoid, with a pellucid apex,

attached in pairs by fleshy caudicles to the pollen-carriers. Ovary of

2 distinct carpels; style-apex conical, with a 5-angled base; tip often bifid.

Frut of usually 1 thick smooth follicle. Seeds small, ovate-oblong,

comose.—DistRis. Five or six species, three being twiners and two

erect shrubs. Four species are found in Central Africa, one extending

through Egypt and Arabia into Western India, one in ee and

one in India and Malaya.

LEpPTaADENIA RETICULATA, W. & A. in Wight Contrib. 47 1s34). A

hoary twining shrub; stems with corky deeply cracked bark; branchlets

terete, glabrous or hoary-puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous; sub-

deltoid or ovate or ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute at apex,

rounded or cuneate at base; both surfaces pale, glabrous or more or less

finely pubescent ; 1°5 to 3 in. long, °75 to 1:75 in. broad; midrib rather

broad, without basal glands, but sometimes with a minute tuft of hair

-at the base; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, spreading, faint; reticulations

netted, obscure; petiole :25 to ‘75 in. long. Cymes many-flowered,

hoary-puberulous, shorter than the leaves, often in pairs on the

peduncles; peduncles -25 to ‘75 in. long; bracts minute, clustered at

the thickened bases of the umbels; pedicels slender, up to 5 in. long;

buds globose; flowers greenish-yellow. Calyx rotate-campanulate,

divided to about the middle, pubescent without; lobes oyate-oblong,

596 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

‘05 in. long. Corolla rotate, with a short tube; lobes thick, ovate-

lanceolate, -1 in. long, pubescent, and with a small hairy protuberance

on the inner face near the tip. Corona: corolline of 5 fleshy truncate

or acute processes at the sinuses, villous on the back and tips; staminal

of a sometimes obscure, annular, undulate, rmg below the anthers.

Staminal-column adherent below to the corolla-tube ; filaments united,

thin; lower part of anthers thickened, upper part incumbent over the

style-apex; appendages minute: pollen-masses ovoid, reticulate, with a

pellucid apex, attached by moderately long, often elastic, clavate,

pellucid caudicles to the small oblong pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-rayed,

conical, sometimes bifid. Follicles suabwoody, 2°5 to 3-5 in. long, 75 in.

broad, lanceolate, with a blunt shortly curved beak, keeled on the ventral

surface ; pericarp smooth, pale grey when dry, thick. Seeds narrowly

ovate-obiong, acute, infolded, broadly winged, -25 in. long, ending in a

1 to 1:5 in. long white silky coma; testa thick; cotyledons fleshy ;

embryo small. Wight Ic. t. 350; Wall. Cat. 8197; Dene. in DC.

Prodr. VIII. 628; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 503; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

Fl. 152; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 63; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 164;

Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 172. LZ. appendiculata, Dene. l.c.; Mig. l.c.

L. imberbis, Wight Contrib. 48; Wall. Cat.8198; Dene. l.c. L. brevipes,

Wight Cat. 1536. Cynanchum reticulatum, Retz. Obs. II. 15. C. asth-

maticum, Herb. Ham. 766. Secamone canescens, Smith in Rees Cyel.

Asclepias suberosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Il. 38. Gymmnema aurantiaca, Wall.

MSS.

Srveapore: Lobb 333.—Distris. Northern Western and Southern

India, Burma, Ceylon.

Lobb’s specimen has ovate-lanceolate leaves, acute corolline corona-processes, and

almost no trace of the ring forming the staminal-corona, but otherwise appears to be

the same as the Indian plant.

31. Ceropgeers, Linn.

Perennial herbs, erect or twining. ootstock a tuber or a fascicle

of thick fleshy roots. Leaves opposite, sometimes minute or 0.

Flowers usually moderate-sized or large, of various often singular

forms, solitary, in pairs or in umbellate or racemose cymes, lateral,

rarely terminal. Calyx 5-partite, with 5 glandular scales within.

Corolla tubular, usually more or less inflated at the base, straight or

curved, 5-lobed; the lobes free or more or less connate at their tips,

valvate in bud. Corona eae arising from the staminal-column ;

outer cup-shaped, entire or 5- to 10-toothed, or of 5 bifid lobes more or

less adnate to the inner corona-lobes and often appearing to form one

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 597

series with them, or reduced to minute pouches alternating with the

stamens ; inner of 5 short or long processes opposite the anthers and

incumbent on them or erect, dorsally adnate at their base to the cup of

the outer corona or laterally to its lobes, when the corona appears to be

formed of 5 lobes with a tooth on each side at their base. Stamenal

column arising a little above the base of the corolla, short and, with the

corona, included in its inflated basal part; anthers erect, ascending or in-

cumbent on the top of the style-apex, without appendages; pollen-masses

erect, ascending or subhorizontal, 1 in each anther-cell, subsessile on, or

attached in pairs by short caudicles to, the pollen-carriers. Ovary of

2 carpels; style-apex truncate or shortly conical, not exserted. Fruit

of 1 or 2 lanceolate or linear-fusiform, acuminate, smooth follicles.

Seeds comose.—Distris. A large genus of 80 or more species, found in

Africa, India, Malaya and Tropical Australia.

CErROPEGIA LucIDA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 33, t. 139 (1831), and

Cat. 8133. A twining shrub, with irregularly fascicled fibrous roots;

branchlets glabrous, smooth, more or less angular when dry. Leaves

fleshy when green, membranous when dry; ovate- or oblong-lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, acute or somewhat obtuse at base; glabrous on both

surfaces; 4 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main

nerves 6 to 7 pairs, obscure, acutely curving upwards; reticulations

irregular, scarcely visible; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Cymes up to 3 in.

long, 1 to 3 together at the nodes; peduncles reddish, stout, 1 to 2 in.

long, bearing umbellate racemes with a -25 to ‘5 in. long thickened

rachis, and with white rounded glands and linear-subulate bracts; pedicels

slender, ‘5 in. long; flowers green, spotted with purple in the tube and

with purple-brown tips to the lobes. Calyx very deeply cleft; lobes

linear-subulate, slender, recurved, -4 to ‘5 in. long; glandular scales

rather large, ovate, flat. Corolla 1:5 to 2 in. long, curved, glabrous

without, also within, except at the base of the tube, which is sparsely

villous ; tube scarcely inflated below, broadly funnel-shaped below the

lobes; lobes lanceolate, at first spreading, afterwards inflexed and

connate at the dilated long-ciliate tips. | Corona-processes: outer

10-lobed, lobes short, triangular, long-ciliate; inner linear-spathulate,

connivent at the tips. Stamenal-column short; pollen-masses nearly

- globose, subsessile on the clavate pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled ;

apiculus conical. Fruit not seen. Wight Contrib. 33; Dene. in DC.

Prodr. VIII. 641; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 73. -

PenancG: at Penara Bukit, 1000 ft., Curtis 1007.—Distris. India

(Silhet and Cachar), Burma.

598 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Family LXXVII. LOGANIACEA.

Trees, shrubs or herbs, sometimes climbers. Leaves opposite,

rarely ternate, simple; stipules various or absent. lowers herm-

aphrodite or, by abortion, subdicecious, in terminal or axillary, simple or

compound, cymes; the cymes sometimes subcapitate or reduced to

solitary flowers. Calyx small, inferior, its limb imbricately 4- or

5-toothed or -lobed. Corolla tubular, funnel-shaped or campanulate ;

limb with 4 or 5 lobes or teeth, imbricate, valvate or contorted. Stamens

4 or 5, inserted on the corolla-tube, alternate with the lobes; anthers

2-celled, their dehiscence introrse, longitudinal, rarely 1-celled, divaricate,

with confluent tips. Carpels 2, connate into a free 2-celled ovary;

ovules 1 or more in each cell; placentas on the septum or basal at the

inner angle; style simple; stigma capitate, 2-fid or 2-partite. Fruit

a septicidal capsule or a berry, 1- to many-seeded. Seeds various:

albumen fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight—Duistris. About

450 species; tropical and sub-tropical.

Ovary with many.ovules in each cell (Tribe I. KuLocanrEx) :—

Herbs ; corolla valvate ; capsule didymous :-—

Cymes 2- or 3-chotomous; flowers 5-merous .. -. 1. Mirrrona.

Flowers solitary or clustered, 4-merous a .. 2. MIrrRasacmMe.

Shrubs (often scandent) or trees :—

Fruit dehiscent, capsular, 2-celled :-—

Corolla-lobes imbricate a be -. o. BUDDLETA.

Corolla-lobes valvate .. Ae nt .. 4. NopRisra.

Fruit indehiscent :—

Corolla-lobes contorted in xstivation 5. Facrma.

Corolla-lobes valvate in estivation 6. STRYCHNOS.

Ovary with a single ovule in each cell (Tribe II]. GarRTNERIEZ) 7. GAERTNERA.

1. Mrrreoza, Linn.

Herbs with opposite membranous leaves and small or membranous

stipules. Cymes 2- to 3-chotomous, terminal, or peduncled and axillary.

Flowers small, white, often secund on the ultimate branches of the

cymes. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla urn-shaped, with 5 small valvate

lobes. Stamens 5, included. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, short, at first

connate and crowned by the small hairy stigma, ultimately divergent ;

ovules many in each cell, attached to peltate placentas. Capsule

obovoid, laterally compressed, truncate or 2-horned ; carpels dehiscing

by separating from above downwards from each side of the septum.

Seeds numerous, minute, globose or elongate; albumen fleshy; embryo

linear.—DistRis. Species 4; 2 of them American, 2 Asiatic.

1. MiTREOLA OLDENLANDIOIDES, Wall. Cat. 4850 (1829). Annual,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 599

erect, 6 to 18 in. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends,

nearly glabrous, about 2 in. long and ‘75 in. broad; petiole 25 in. long.

Cymes 2 to 6 in. long, often numerous, terminal and axillary, dicho-

tomous; bracts lanceolate, less than ‘lin. long. Flowers subsessile,

under 1 in. long; capsules 2-horned, secund. Seeds twice as long as

broad, trigonous. A. DC. Prodr. IX. 9; Hook. Ic. Plant. 827; Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 360; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. I. 91; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 79. M. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 4349; Wight

Ic. 600 (inaccurate); A. DC. lc. M. mconspicua, Zoll. et Mor. Vers.

(1845 to 1846) 55.

Said to occur in Kedah, but no specimen seen.—Distris. Andaman

Islands, Burma, Central Provinces of British India, Malay Archipelago,

Australia.

2. Mirrasacme, Labill.

Small herbs, with opposite leaves and stipules forming a minute

sheath. Flowers small, white, terminal or axillary, solitary, clustered

or in irregular umbels. Calyx campanulate, 4-fid. Corolla urceolate,

with 4 valvate or reduplicate sometimes spreading lobes. Stamens 4,

included; filaments rather short, adnate to the tube; anthers ovate

with cordate bases, connective often produced beyond the apex of the

parallel cells. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, connate, separating from the

base upwards, finally divergent; stigma capitate or two-lobed; ovules

many in each cell, on peltate placentas. Capsule subglobose, laterally

subcompressed, truncate, or somewhat 2-horned, dehiscing by the

separation from above downwards of the carpels from the septum on

each side. Seeds numerous, minute, subglobose; testa smooth, reticu-

lated; albumen fleshy; embryo straight.—Distris. 28 species, in

Eastern Asia, New Zealand, Australia.

MirraAsAcME potymMorpHA, R. Br. Prod. Nov. Holl. I. 452 (1810). An

erect annual herb, 3 to 9 in. high, often with a long erect branch from the

uppermost leaf-axil. Stem slender, glabrous except for a few slender hairs

in the leafy part. Leaves sessile, oblong, blunt, confined to the lower

inch or two of the stem, glabrous, -2 to ‘3 in. long, and about ‘05 in.

broad. Umbels terminal, or at the ends of the scanty branches, few-

flowered, very lax; pedicels much longer than the flowers, slender,

unequal, glabrous. Flowers ‘15 in. long. Calyx with 4 spreading,

triangular, acute lobes. Corolla twice as long as the calyx; throat

hairy. Capsule subglobular, glabrous, about 1 in. across. A. DC. Prodr.

IX. 10; Benth. Fl. Austral. TV. 353; Solereder in Engl. & Prantl

Naturl. Pflanzenfam. TV. 2, 35, Fig. 18a-c. WM. capillaris, Wall. in

Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 420, and Cat. 4348; Don Prodr.

600 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Fl. Nep. 129; A. DC. l.c. 11; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 92; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 362. MM. trimervis, Spanoghe in Linnea XV. 335

(1841); A. DC. l.c. 560. M. malaccensts, Wight. Ie. 1601. Lannophila

campanuloides, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3908.

Mauacca: Goodenough 669. — Distris. Northern and Central

India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, China, Australia.

3. BuppuEtIA, Linn.

Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves opposite, entire or crenate, united

by a stipular line. Cymes in dense globose or corymbiform cymes,

axillary or ina terminal thyrsoid panicle. Calyx campanulate, 4-merous.

Corolla urn-shaped ; lobes 4, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, adnate to

the corolla-tube; anthers subsessile, ovate or oblong, with cordate or

2-lobed bases; cells parallel. Ovary 2-celled; style linear, clavate ;

ovules numerous in each cell; stigma terminal or decurrent on two

sides. Fruit a septicidally 2-valved capsule ; the valves entire or bifid.

Seeds many, oblong or fusiform; testa usually lax, or expanded into a

wing or tail; albumen fleshy; embryo straight.—Disrris. About

100 species; tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World.

Under surfaces of leaves, young branches, and inflorescence

with minute yellowish pubescence .. .. iL. B. asiatica.

Under surfaces of leaves, young branches, and jnfloreseanes

densely rusty-tomentose .. Se < .. 2. B. madagascariensis.

1. Buppuzia asiatica, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 72 (1790). <A shrub,

3 to 6 ft. high (sometimes as much as 15 ft.) ; young branches thicker

than a crowquill, covered, like the branches of the inflorescence,

with a subdeciduous, minute yellowish pubescence. Leaves opposite,

membranous; oblong-lanceolate, the apex much acuminate, the base

usually much narrowed; edges entire or with minute distant teeth ;

upper surface dark when dry, glabrous except the puberulous depressed

midrib ; lower surface pale yellowish-brown, minutely pubescent ; main

nerves 5 to 7 pairs, curving abruptly upwards and interarching rather

far from the edge, thin but prominent like the midrib on the lower

surface, obscure on the upper; length 2°5 to 6 in., breadth -6 to 1:5 in.;

petiole ‘1 to -35 in. long. Inflorescence terminal, consisting of numerous

3-flowered sessile cymules, arranged in spikes to form a few-branched

lax panicle, 5 to 9 in. long. Flowers ‘15 in. long, on very short

pedicels. Calyx half as long as the corolla, pubescent externally ; lobes

erect, acuminate. Corolla glaberulous, lobes blunt. Ovary narrowly

oblong, tapering to the apex; stigma large, capitate, corrugated.

Capsule ‘2 in. long. Benth. in DC. Prodr. X. 446; Bot. Mag. t. 6323 ;

Brandis For. Fl. 318; Kurz For. Fl. II. 250; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 601

II. 363 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 82. B. Neemda, Ham.

in Wall. Cat. 6401; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey and Wall. I. 411;

Reichenb. Ic. Bot. Exot. 21. B. discolor, Roth Nov. Spec. 83; Wight

Ill. 1658, and Ic. 894. B. salicina, Lamk. Ill. I. 291. B. acwmina-

tissima, Blume Bijdr. 743. B. subserrata, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 92.

B. virgata, Blanco Fl. Filip. 57. B. serratula, Roth l. c. 82.

In all the Provinces ; common.

2. BUDDLEIA MADAGASCARIENSIS, Lamk. Encyce. I. 513 (1783). A

slender creeper, 60 to 80 ft. long; young branches half as thick as a crow-

quill, covered, like the under surfaces of the leaves the inflorescence and

the outer surface of the calyx, with dense pale brown tomentum. Leaves

coriaceous ; elliptic-lanceolate, the apex shortly acuminate, the base

cuneate ; upper surface very dark when dry, glabrous, reticulate; main

nerves about 8 pairs, spreading, slightly prominent on the lower

surface and depressed on the upper; length 2 to 3°5 in.; breadth ‘6 to

lin.; petiole 3 to ‘din. Inflorescence a terminal, often leafy, thyrsoid

panicle, 8 to 12 in. long, with numerous diverging branches from 1 to

2 in. long (shorter near the apex), bearing pedunculate few-flowered

umbellate cymules; bracteoles at base of branches linear, about °d in.

long. Flowers orange, °4 in. long, sessile, on very short pedicels. Calyx

obovoid-ellipsoid ; teeth short, blunt; tube glabrous within. Corolla

salver-shaped; lobes of the limb blunt, short, reflexed, glabrescent; tube

cylindric, -35 in. long, cottony without, sparsely hairy inside like the

narrowly oblong ovary. Anthers sessile near the mouth of the corolla-tube.

Capsule globular, -35 in. in diam. ; pericarp thick, scaly, dark-coloured.

Lamk. Ill I. t. 69, fig. 3; Benth. in DC. Prodr. X. 447; Bot. Mag. 2824.

Prenane: Hullett 121; Murton 4; Ridley 7049; King’s Collector

1340. Perak: King’s Collector 5201; Matacca: Maingay (K.D.)

1033/2; Wallich 6402. A native of Madagascar, but in some spots

within our area almost naturalised.

4. Norrisia, Gardn.

A shrub; the young parts pubescent. Leaves opposite; petioles

dilated at the base and subconnate. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx

~ small, 5-lobed. Corolla with narrow cylindric tube; the limb with

5 small, ovate, valvate lobes. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla-throat;

filaments slender; anthers ovate. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform ;

stigma capitate; ovules numerous in each cell. Capsule oblong, septi-

_ eidally 2-valved, carpophore finally free. Seeds numerous; testa lax,

4 to 6 times as long as the linear caudate nucleus; albumen fleshy;

embryo straight or curved.—Distris. Two species: both Malayan.

602 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Flowers *25 in. long; capsules -15 in. long oe .. 1. N. malaccensis.

Flowers *35 in. long; capsules -25 in. long 5c .. 2. N. major.

1. NorrisiA MALACCENSIS, Gardn. in Hook. Kew Journ. I. 327 (i

part) (1849). <A tree; young branches much thinner than a goosequill,

terete, deciduously fulvous-puberulous and with many lenticels, dark

brown when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous; ovate or elliptic, acute at

each end; upper surface brown, glabrous, shining; the lower rather

pale olivaceous, glabrous except the deciduously puberulous midrib and

nerves (uniformly puberulous in var.); main nerves 4 to 6 pairs,

ascending, curved, prominent like the midrib on the lower surface,

indistinct on the upper; length 1:5 to 2:5 in., breadth -85 to 1:26 in. ;

petiole -25 in. Cymes as in N. major, but smaller, and the flowers only

‘25 in. long, and the ripe capsules rather less than ‘15 in. long. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85 (2 part).

Mauacea: Griffith (K.D.) 3731 (in part); Maingay (K.D.) 1023 ;

Goodenough 1382; Derry 1035.

Var. pubescens, King & Gamble. Under surfaces of leaves uniformly

pubescent.

PERAK: Scortechini 634; King’s Collector 10535.

2. NorRisiA Magor, Solereder in Engl. & Prantl. Naturl. Pflanzenfam.

TY. 2, 37 (1892). A tree; young branches thinner than a goosequill, terete,

deciduously fulvous-puberulous, black when dry. Leaves thinly coria-

ceous; elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, the base cuneate; both surfaces

olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower reticulate, both glabrous except

the fulvous-puberulous midrib and nerves on the inner surface; main

nerves 5 to 7 pairs, stout, oblique, little-curved, deciduously fulvous-

puberulous like the midrib on the lower surface; length 2°75 to 3-26 in.,

breadth 1:5 to ‘25 in.; petiole :2 to:25 in. long. Cymes in dense, corym-

bose, terminal, pedunculate panicles, their branches fulvous-tomentose ;

bracts linear, about :2 in. long or less. Flowers sessile or subsessile,

minutely bracteolate, -35 in. long. Calyx minute, cupular, 5-toothed.

Corolla with a cylindric tube slightly dilated near the base, densely

pubescent outside; the mouth with 5 linear-oblong, blunt, much

recurved lobes, glabrous inside; filaments much exserted; anthers

broadly ovate. Capsule :25 in. long and about -15 in. in diam.,

ellipsoid, pubescent. Seeds with a much elongate wing at each end.

N. malaccensis, Gardn. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. I. 327; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85 (in part). Antoma Griffithu, Wight Il.

II. t. 156s.

‘Perak: King’s Collector 7845, 10882. Matacca: Griffith; Maingay

(K.D.) 1024; Rzdley 1382. Sincapore: fidley 6828.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 603

5. Facraa, Thunb.

Trees or shrubs, often epiphytic, sometimes scandent. Leaves

opposite, entire (crenulate in J’. crenulata) ; petioles dilated at the base

or united by a stipulary sheath. Cymes terminal or axillary, corymbose

racemose or paniculate; bracts small. lowers large or small, white

or yellowish, rarely pink. Calyx deeply 5-fid; its lobes thick, broad,

much imbricate. Corolla-tube narrow or funnel-shaped, sometimes much

elongate; lobes of its limb broad, twisted to the left in bud. Stamens 5;

anthers oblong, on slender filaments. Ovary 2-celled, or 1-celled above ;

style filiform; stigma capitate; ovules numerous in each cell. Berry

1- to 2-celled. Seeds numerous, immersed in pulp; testa crustaceous ;

albumen horny; embryo small, straight—Disrris. About 50 species,

in India, China, Japan, Malaya, Australia and the Pacific Islands.

Cymes few-flowered, solitary, sessile or nearly so :—

Flowers 3 to 6 in. long :— $

Corolla salver-shaped, its tube narrowly cylindric, very

little dilated at the throat :—

Tube of corolla nearly 3 in. long and only about ‘1 in.

in diam. ; limb less than 1 in. across a .. 1. F. tubulosa.

Tube of corolla 4in. long and -35in. in diam.; limb more

than 2 in. across nb ne .. 2. F. carnosa.

Corolla funnel-shaped from near the base :—

Corolla 5 or 6 in. long = ts .. 3. F. auriculata.

Corolla 3°5in.long .. oe ave .. 4. F. Curtisii.

Flowers 1°25 to 2°5 in. long :—

Limb of corolla 1:5 in. across ; stamens only slightly exserted :—

Corolla-lobes oblong, blunt; fruit elliptic-ovoid; leaves

3°5 to 5 in. long and 1:5 to 2°25 in. broad ..

Corolla-lobes rotund-oblong ; fruit globose, crowned by the

remains of a stout style; eee 2°5 to 4:0 in. long and

1 to 1-75in. broad .. , 6. EF. lanceolata.

Limb of corolla about °75 in. across; Netawieis Hitch Sete 7. F. Wallichiana.

Cymes few-flowered but numerous, arranged in long, usually

pedunculate, sometimes interrupted, terminal racemes :—

Flowers 2 in. long; corolla widely funnel-shaped ; its limb

. obovata.

1-5 in. across .. 8. F. Maingayi.

Flowers 1 to 1:20 in. long; ees wel fepnet creed the

limb ‘75 to ‘9 in. across .. -. 9. F. racemosa.

_ Cyme solitary, on the apex of a short: slduder,! tormnandl or

axillary peduncle; flowers 1-15 in. long; corolla narrowly funnel-

shaped; its limb about :75in. across .. se -- 10. F, ligustrina.

Cymes spreading, corymbose, many-flowered :—

Flowers 1°5 to 2 in. long; stamens slightly exserted :—

Leaves crenulate, 7 to 12 in. long; flowers 1‘5in. long .. 11. F. crenulata.

Leaves entire, 5 to 9 in. long; flowers 2 in. long .. 12. F. vaginata.

Flowers °5 in. long; stamens much exserted nee tae .. 13. F. fragrans.

604 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Species Imprrrectty Known.

Leaves broadly obovate, very coriaceous; fruit 2 in. or

more in length, ovoid, apiculate .. .. 14. F. Ridleyi.

Leaves elliptic-oblong, thin when dry; fruit narrowly

ovoid, tapered to’ the base, crowned by the remains of the

thick style .. #8 ap He .. 15. F. oblonga.

1. Facraa TuBULOSA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 167 (1850). A

straggling, glabrous, climbing shrub; branches half as thick as a goose-

quill, terete, pale, sending out rootlets at intervals on the bark of trees.

Leaves thinly coriaceous; oblong-elliptic, shortly abruptly acuminate,

the base cuneate; both surfaces pale yellowish-green, and dull when

dry; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, inconspicuous on both surfaces; midrib

conspicuous ; length 4 to 8 in., breadth 1:75 to 2°5 in.; petiole °8 to

lin. long. Flowers about 3 in. long, sessile, 3 or 4 aoe in a sessile

glomerulus at the apex of a branch, with a subcampanulate bract,

‘15 in. long, at the base of each. Calyx -4 in. long, fleshy, tubular; the

mouth with 5 short, broad, imbricate teeth. Corolla 3 in. long, salver-

shaped; the tube slender, cylindric, very slightly wider at the throat,

‘1 in. in diam.; limb divided to its base into 5 oblong-oblanceolate

lobes -46 in. long. Stamens attached near the mouth of the tube and

slightly exserted beyond it. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, tapering into a

glabrous style about as long as the corolla; stigma capitate. Fruct

unknown. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 373.

Perak: Scortechini 1839; King’s Collector 5748; at Bujong Malacca,

fiidley 9738.—Distris. Bangka, Sumatra.

2. Facr#A CARNOSA, Jack in Mal. Mise. IT. n. 7, 81 (1822). Epiphytal,

glabrous; young branches as thick as a swan’s quill, smooth, pale brown

when dry. Leaves coriaceous; elliptic, sometimes subobovate or sub-

rotund, the apex rounded or subtruncate, mucronate; edges recurved ;

upper surface when dry somewhat olivaceous, the lower dull brown ;

main nerves invisible on either surface; midrib pro on the lower,

depressed on the upper surface; length 3 to 4:5in.; breadth 2 to 2:5 in.

petiole -4 to ‘5 in. long, swollen at the base. alee fleshy, about 6 in.

long, solitary or in pairs, terminal, with 2 or more short, woody, pointed

bracteoles at their bases, sessile or subsessile. Calyx narrowly cam-

panulate, nearly 1 in. long; its tube very short; the limb with 5 oblong,

blunt, suberect lobes: Corolla-twbe 4 in. long, cylindric, ‘35 in. in diam.

at the middle, slightly wider towards the mouth; limb campanulate,

about 1:25 in. across, with 5 broadly oblong, blunt, spreading lobes.

Stamens subsessile near the apex of the tube, included. Style slightly

longer than the tube. Frwt the size of a small hen’s egg, but narrower

and more tapering to the apex. DC. Prodr. IX. 30; Benth. in Journ.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 605

Linn. Soc. IX. 97; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 374; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.

Br. Ind. IV. 82.

Perak: Scortechinit ; Wray 2317; King’s Collector 5349, 7296, 8452 ;

~ Ridley 10297.—Diste1w. Burma.

3. FaGr#A AuRICULATA, Jack in Mal. Misc. IT. n. 7, 82 (1822). A

elabrous shrub; young branches about ‘5 in. in diam., pale. Leaves

thickly coriaceous; oblong-oblanceolate or -obovate; apex subacute or

acute, narrowed from about the middle to the stout petiole; both

surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs,

spreading, slightly curved, rather conspicuous on the lower surface,

invisible on the upper; midrib broad, bold on both surfaces; length 6

to 12in.; breadth 2°35 to 4 in.; petiole -6 to 1:25 in. long, with 2

rotund, reflexed, stipule-like auricles at the base, ‘5 to ‘75 in. across.

Flowers thickly coriaceous in all their parts, 5 or 6 in. long, in terminal

cymes of about 3; their pedicels about as thick as a goosequill, minutely

adpressed, pubescent, *75 to 1:5 in. long, and bearing near the base of

the flower one or two pairs of triangular, one-ribbed, appressed, large

bracteoles. Calyx ellipsoid, nearly 2 in. long, deeply divided into 6

imbriecate elliptic or oblong blunt lobes. Corolla with a cylindric tube

about 1 in. long and °5 in. in diam. (when dry); the limb funnel-shaped,

3 to 4 in. long, with 5 deep, oblong, blunt lobes. Stamens 5, included ;

the filaments attached to the base of the limb by thickened bases ;

anthers -65 in. long, oblong, deeply bifid at the base the filaments

attached by their attenuate apices at the upper end of the notch. Ovary

narrowly ellipsoid, glabrous; style stout, 4 in. long; stigma peltate.

Frwut narrowly ellipsoid, blunt, glabrous, 2°25 in. or more in length

when dry. Wall. Cat. 1596; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall.

II. 34 and 573; Pl. As. Rar. III. 15, t.229; Blume Bijdr. 1020, and Rumph.

Hier C erodr ex<cs29 Mig 7 aly Ind! Bat. 10.371 Clarke m:

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 838. #F. awricularia, Benth. in Journ. Linn.

Soc. I. 98; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 204. FF. amperzalis, Miq. in Ann. Mus.

Bot. Lugd.-Bat. IT. 226, t. 5. Wallughbera awriculata, Spreng. Syst.

cure post. 71.

Common in all the Provinces.—Distris. Malay Archipelago.

4, Facr@a Curtisi, King & Gamble, n.sp. A low spreading tree ;

_ young branches as thick as a swan’s quill, grey, striate when dry. Leaves

very coriaceous; elliptic or slightly obovate, the apex shortly and

bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, olivaceous

when dry; the midrib prominent on the lower surface, faint on the upper,

nerves obsolete in both; length 4 to 8-5 in., breadth 2-25 to 3 in.; petiole

‘5 to ‘75 in. long, stout, sheathing at the base. Flowers 3:5 in. long, ter-

minal, in pairs; their pedicels stout, compressed, about ‘5 in. long, bearing

606 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2 pairs of broadly ovate, acute, fleshy bracteoles. Calyx -7 to ‘9 in. long,

very coriaceous, narrowly campanulate, cut one-third of the way down

into 5 rounded lobes. Corolla thickly coriaceous, 3°25 in. long, funnel-

shaped; tube 1:75 in. long, much widened towards the mouth; limb

spreading, with 5 deep broadly elliptic lobes, with obtusely, minutely,

and bluntly apiculate apices. Stamens slightly exserted; anthers ob-

long, blunt. Fruit unknown.

Kepaxu: in Langkawi Island, Curtes 1676.

5. Fagraia OBOVATA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT., 33

(1824). Scandent, glabrous, epiphytic; young branches nearly as thick as

a goosequill, brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-oblanceolate to

elliptic sometimes obovate, the apex abruptly and shortly acuminate

or mucronate, the base cuneate; both surfaces brown when dry, the

upper tinged olivaceous; main nerves almost invisible; midrib very

prominent on the lower surface, less so on the upper; length 3°d (rarely

2°5 in.) to 5 in., breadth 1:5 to 2°25 in. (rarely only 1 in.); petiole -6 to

1 in. long, swollen at the base. lowers 2 to 2°25 in. long, sessile or’ on

peduncles -3 in. long, in small terminal sessile cymes of 4 or 5; the

cymes with 2 thick oblong bracts at their bases. Calyx 5 to :75 in. long,

‘4 in. wide, tubular with 2 thick triangular bracteoles at the base; lobes -

of limb ovate-elliptic or subrotund, obtuse. Corolla funnel-shaped, 1:8

to 2:15 in. long; the tube ‘75 in. long, narrowly cylindric below, wider

upwards ; limb 1°5 in. wide, deeply cut into 5 oblong, blunt, spreading

lobes ; filaments slender, attached near the apex of the tube, shorter

than the corolla-lobes; anthers included, oblong, deeply cleft at the

base. Ovary elliptic; style slightly shorter than the anthers; stigma

capitate. Fruat elliptic-ovoid, smooth, shining, crowned by the short

remains of the style, 15 m. long. Wall. Cat. 1595; Blume Bijdr. 1021,

and Rumph. II. t. 75; DC. Prodr. IX. 29; Bot. Mag. t. 4205; Griff,

Notul. IV. 35, and Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 382; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 369 ;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88; Kurz For. Fl. I]. 205. F’. erassz-

folia, Blume Rumph. II. 78, fig. 1, and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 166;

Thwaites Enum. 200; Mig. l.c. 373; Wall. Cat. 1602. F'. malabarica and |

F. obovato-javana, Blame Rumph. II. 29, t. 75, and Mus. Bot. J. c. 164;

Wight Ic. 1317. F. Blwmet, Steud.; DC. l.c. 30. FF. coromandelana,

Wight Ic. 1316; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 224. FF. celebsca, Blume Mus. Bot.

l.c. 167. F'. globosa, Wall. Cat. 1598; DC. l.c. 29. Wrallughbera

obovata, Spreng. Syst. cwre post. 71.

Kepan: Curtes. PrEnana: Curtes 246, 2432, 30138. Prrax: Wray

1139, 2115, 2248, 2426, 2714, 3075, 4181, 4269; Scortechine 202, 758 ;

King’s Collector 3122, 4024, 4878, 5748, 6214, 6438, 7553, 7578, 8855,

10109, 10634, 10776. Manacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 3737; Maingay (K.D.)

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 607

1028, 1030, 1031; Derry 1012. Jonors: Redley 6312—Disrrizn. Malay

Archipelago, British India.

Following Mr. Clarke in Hooker’s ‘Flora of British India,’ we have reduced to

F. obovata, Wall., not only the forms which have received specific names as aboye

quoted, but also those found in British India, there being no constant characters that

we can discover to separate them. Some of the specimens from India have, however,

longer flowers, and the main nerves of their leaves are more distinct than in the majority

of Malayan specimens.

6. FaGR#A LANCEOLATA, Blume Bijdr. 1021 (1826). Scandent, 30 to

40 ft. long, glabrous; young branches about as thick as a goosequill, the

nodes close together, cinereous when dry. Leaves coriaceous; oblong-

oblanceolate, subacute, the base much narrowed; both surfaces very

dark cinereous when dry; main nerves invisible; midrib bold on the

lower surface, faint on the upper; length 2°5 to 4:5 in., breadth 1 to

1-75 in.; petiole 35 to Sin. long. lowers terminal, pedunculate, solitary

or in pairs or in threes; their peduncles subclavate, about 3 in. long,

bibracteolate at the apex, and sometimes with larger bracts at the base.

Calyx 5 in. long, obconic, 5-lobed; the lobes coriaceous, fleshy below,

rounded, with membranous margins. Corolla 3 in. long, funnel-shaped,

the lobes of the limb spreading, oblong-rotund. Stamens 5, exserted.

Anthers oblong, obtuse, dorsifixed; filaments slender. Ovary ovoid ;

style filiform. Frwt obovoid, globose, smooth, shining, nearly 1:5 in.

in diam., crowned by a short stout fragment of the style; the calyx at

its base with 5 subrotund lobes -45 in. broad and with broad scarious

edges. Blume Rumph. II. 31, t. 77, and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 167;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 376.

Perak: Wray 3202; King’s Collector 6848.—Distrip. Java.

7. Hacra@a WALLICHIANA, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 98 (1857). A

tree ?; young branches half as thick as a goosequill, pale brown when dry,

glabrous ; the leaf-scars close together and prominent. Leaves coria-

ceous; narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, apex acute or shortly acumi-

nate, the base much narrowed and forming narrow wings to the petiole;

both surfaces glabrous, the upper greenish when dry, the lower brown ;

main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curving upwards and forming wide arches

‘1 to 15 in. from the edge, rather distinct on the lower surface when dry,

invisible on the upper; midrib conspicuous on the lower surface; length

2°25 to 3 in., breadth ‘6 to 1:1in.; petiole 3 to ‘6 in. long, winged in its

upper part. Flowers (excluding the stamens) 1 to 1:25 in. long, pedicel-

late, 3 to 5 together in pedunculate lax cymes from the apex and upper

leaf-axils; bracteoles few, minute; peduncles about 1 in. long; pedicels

about °6 in. Calyx clavate, about 5 in. long; the teeth 5, minute.

Corolla salver-shaped, 1 in. long; the tube cylindric, slender, becoming

608 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

wider towards the campanulate limb; limb ‘65 in. in diam., its 5 lobes

oblong, obtuse, spreading. Stamens 5, their slender filaments inserted

near the apex of the tube and exserted ‘75 in. beyond its lobes. Anthers

(ovate ?). Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, tapering to the filiform long-ex-

serted style 2 to 25 in. long; stigma narrow. Fruit ellipsoid, slightly

tapered each end, shining, ‘5 in. long. YF. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 1599

(not of Blume); Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85. Cyrtophyllum ?

lanceolatum, DC. Prodr. IX. 31.

Penance: Curtis 375. Perak: King’s Collector 4851. Matacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 1029.

8. Facr#a Marneayt, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 84 (1883).

A glabrous tree, 40 to 50 ft. high; young branches as thick as a swan’s

quill. Leaves large, very coriaceous; oblong to elliptic-oblong, blunt,

obtusely apiculate, the base rounded, the edges when dry recurved;

upper surface pale or brownish-olivaceous, the lower brown when dry,

both dull; main nerves 5 to 8 pairs, stout but faint on both surfaces ;

midrib stout on the lower surface, faint on the upper; length 7 to

10 in., breadth 2°75 to 4 in.; petiole -5 to 9 in. long, stout, slightly dilated

at the base. Cymes few-flowered, subsessile, mixed with some solitary

flowers in a terminal, elongate, pedunculate raceme, with a rachis as

thick as a goose-quill and 3 to 6 in. long; its peduncle 2 to 3 in. long.

Flowers 2 in. long, solitary or in shortly pedunculate cymes of 2 or 3;

pedicels ‘5 in. long, with 2 pairs of broadly ovate-acute bracteoles at

their bases. Calyx subglobular or ellipsoid, about -d in. long, cleft

nearly to the base into 5 rotund-ovate lobes with scarious margins.

Corolla funnel-shaped, 1°75 in. long; the tube -2 in. in diam. at the base,

but gradually expanding upwards; the limb 1°6 in. wide, its lobes 5,

broad, blunt. Stamens 5, included. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, much

attenuate upwards; style slender; stigma turbinate, lobed, included.

Fruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 8671. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1033 ;

Derry 573.

9. FaGR#A RACEMOSA, Jack in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 35

(1824). A glabrous bush or small tree, 12 to 25 ft. high; young branches

from half as thick to as thick as a goosequill, pale when dry, and some-

times angled. Leaves large, coriaceous; elliptic or oblong-elliptic to

elliptic-rotund, apex blunt but terminated by a short abrupt acute apiculus

less than -5 in. long, base cuneate or rounded; both surfaces yellowish-

olivaceous when dry, the lower paler; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, spread-

ing, curving upwards and interarching, ‘1 to -25 in. from the edge;

midrib very prominent on the lower surface, less so on the upper ;

length 5 to 10 in., breadth 3 to 6in.; petiole -4 to ’8 in. long expanded at

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 609

the base. Flowers fleshy, 1 to 1:25 in. long, on thick pedicels arranged

in small sessile cymclets crowded in a terminal, pedunculate, sometimes

interrupted, raceme, from 1:5 to 6 in. long; peduncle of the raceme 1:5

to 4 in. long; pedicels of the individual flowers ‘2 to 25 in. long, bear-

ing at their bases several broad, short, bracteoles. Calyx obovoid, :25 to

‘35 in. long, cleft half-way into 5 broad subrotund lobes. Corolla ‘85 in.

to 1 in. long, widely funnel-shaped; the limb ‘75 to ‘9 in. across,

divided into 5 blunt oblong spreading lobes ‘25 in. long; tube only

‘2 to ‘3 in. long, abruptly expanding at the throat. Stamens 5, included;

the filaments slender. Anthers broadly elliptic, marginate, deeply cleft

at the base. Ovary narrowly elliptic; style much thicker than and

about as long as the filaments; stigma capitate. rut ellipsoid,

smooth, ‘5 in. long. DC. Prodr. IX. 29; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe.

1.99; Kurz For. Fl. IT. 205; Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 367; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 84. F. coarctata, Blume Rumph. II. 33, and

Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1.170. F. volubstls, Jack in Roxb. l.c. 86; DC. l.c.

30; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 367. F'. morindefolka, Blame Rumph. II. 32,

t. 73, fig. 2, and t. 79, and Mus. Bot. J.c. 169; DC. l.c. 29; Clarke J. c.

F’. appendiculata, F. cuspidata, F’. robusta, Blame Mus. Bot. l. c. 169,

170. #. Thwartes, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. I]. 1387. Kuhha

morindefolia, Reinw. in Blume Bijdr.777. Kentia morindefolia, Steud:

Nomenel. Bot. ed. 2, I. 845. Utania morindefolia, G. Don Gen. Hist.

Dichl. Pl. IV. 663. Wallughbeia racemosa, Spreng. Syst. cure post. 71.

In all the provinces: very common.—Distris. Malayan Archipelago,

Burma.

Var. pauciflora, King & Gamble. Leaves thinly coriaceous; raceme

lax, its rachis slender. Flowers solitary or in 2- to 3-flowered cymes,

not crowded.

Perak: Wray 1960; King’s Collector 707, 1926, 3016, 3242;

Scortechim 112. Sinegarore: Ardley 6315, 8917.—Disrris. Sumatra

(Forbes 1927), Java.

10. Facra@a Licustrina, Blume Rumph. II. 33 (1836). A shrub, all

parts glabrous ; young branches twice as thick as a crowquill, terete,

pale yellowish-brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous ; elliptic to elliptic-

oblong, apex shortly and rather bluntly acuminate, base cuneate; both

surfaces pale yellowish-brown when dry; main nerves about 4 pairs,

spreading at first, then ascending to form wide arches ‘15 to -2 in. from

the edge, slightly conspicuous on the lower surface, very faint on

the upper; midrib stout on the lower surface, slightly channelled on

the upper; length 3 to 3:75 in., breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole :25 to 3 in.

long. Flowers 1:15 in. long, on thick pedicels less than -1 in. long,

5 to 10 together in simple or shortly branched terminal or axillary

610 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pedunculate cymes. Calyx fleshy, :15 in. long, pyriform; the mouth

with 5 shallow very broad imbricate lobes faintly ciliate at the apex.

Corolla slightly exceeding 1 in. in length; the tube narrowly cylindric

below, expanding upwards into the narrowly campanulate broadly

5-lobed limb *75 in. wide. Stamens 5, slightly exserted; filaments

inserted at the base of the limb, broad, membranous at the edges.

Anthers narrowly oblong, blunt, the base deeply auriculate. Ovary

narrowly ellipsoid, tapering into a style as long as the stamens; stigma

narrow. frwit clavate, apiculate, smooth, -6 in. long (unripe). Blume

Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 171; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. I. 100; Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85.

StncaporE: Rzdley 1650, 2783, 8453; Lobb.

11. Fagr#a crenubata, Maing. ex Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

IV. 83 (1883). A tree (or a climber ?), all parts glabrous; young

branches °75 in. thick, the older with prominent leaf-scars close together,

yellowish-brown. Leaves coriaceous; broadly obovate-rotund, with no

petiole, but abruptly narrowed above the base and embracing the

branch; both surfaces dark brown when dry; the edges minutely

crenate ; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading, prominent on the lower

surface, slightly depressed on the upper; length 7 to 12 in., breadth

5:5 to 8 in. at the broadest part, but 1 in. or less at the contracted part

above the attachment to the branch. lowers coriaceous, 1-5 in. long,

on short thick pedicels or sessile, arranged in terminal pedunculate

compound trichotomous cymes with divaricating 4-angled branches ;

peduncle of cyme compressed, 1 to 3 in. long, with 2 spreading thick

concave bracts at its apex. Calyx ‘35 in. long, campanulate, cut half-

way down into 5 unequal broad blunt suberect lobes. Corolla 1-25 in.

long, clavate in bud, funnel-shaped ; the tube narrowly cylindric, -2 in.

long; the limb funnel-shaped, cut a quarter of its length into 5 blunt

lobes. Stamens 5, included; filaments attached to the mouth of the

tube; anthers oblong, deeply bifid at the base, the cells parallel.

Ovary glabrous, ellipsoid-conic, tapering into the thin exserted style;

stigma obconic. Frwit ellipsoid (unripe 75 in. long).

Knane: Ridley 9552. Perak: Scortechint 1642. Matacca: Mazin-

gay (K.D.) 1032; Radley 1284. Smnancor: Fidley 7552.

12. Facrma vacinaTa, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large glabrous

shrub or small tree, sometimes apparently a climber; young branches

from ‘25 to ‘35 in. in diam., yellowish-cinereous when dry and somewhat

4-angled. Leaves thickly coriaceous; elliptic to obovate-elliptic, blunt

or slightly apiculate, much narrowed at the base; upper surface olivace-

ous, the lower brown when dry; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, curved,

spreading, very prominent on the lower surface, faint on the upper ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 611

midrib very stout on the lower surface, much more slender on the

upper; length 5 to 9 in., breadth 2°75 to 4 in.; petiole about 1 in.

long, expanding into a sheath at the base. Flowers 2 in. long, collected

in lax terminal cymose corymbs, 4 in. long, and about as much in

breadth; the branches 1:25 to 1°75 in. long, each bearing an umbellate

3-flowered cyme ; lower bracts linear-oblong, blunt, 1 in. long, the

upper only ‘15 in. long; pedicels about -5 in. long, bibracteolate at the

apex. Calyx ‘8 or ‘9 in. long, narrowly tubular in its lower part, the

upper much wider; the mouth with 5 broad, blunt, erect lobes, ‘2 in.

long. Corolla 1-5in. long; its tube ‘5 in. long; the limb widely funnel-

shaped, with:5 broad, blunt, spreading lobes. Stamens 5; filaments

attached to the mouth of the tube, shorter than the corolla-limb,

attached to the oblong anthers at the apex of their deep basal notch ;

anthers -2 in. long. Ovary ovoid, apiculate; style much shorter than

the corolla; stigma conical. rut ovoid-conic, crowned by the short

style, glabrous, shining, 1-75 in. long.

Perak: Wray 1084, 1992; King’s Collector 3868, 4041, 4238, 6605,

10124; Scortechint 817. Srnancor: Aidley 7607.— Distrip. Java,

Anderson 289 ; Forbes 827.

Named from its sheathing petioles; allied to I’. obovata, Wall.

13. FAGRHA FRAGRANS, Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. IT. 32 (1824).

A tree, 100 to 150 ft. high, all parts glabrous; young branches much

thinner than a goose-quill, shining, yellowish-brown when dry, the

nodes close together. Leaves thinly coriaceous, small; oblanceolate

to elliptic, the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate, the base much

narrowed; the edges (when dry) slightly waved and recurved; both

surfaces olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower the darker, subglandular ;

main nerves 9 to 8 pairs, subhorizontal, faint on both surfaces; midrib

prominent on both, but especially on the lower surface; length 2°25 to

4in.; petiole ‘3 to ‘6 in. long. Cymes axillary or terminal, much branched,

pedunculate, corymbose, 20- to 30-flowered. lowers -5 in. long (ex-

cluding the much exserted stamens and style). Calyx under :1 in.

length, campanulate, with 5 rounded lobes. Corolla salver-shaped,

‘) in. long, its tube narrow; limb with 5 somewhat unequal, ob-

long, blunt, spreading lobes. Stamens exserted for more than ‘6 in. ;

anthers elliptic; filaments slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style longer

than the stamens. Frwit subglobose, reddish, -3 in. indiam. Roxb. FI.

Ind. I. 461; Wall. Cat. 1597; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 375; Kurz For. FI.

II. 205; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 85. F. peregrina, Blume

Rumph. II. ¢.80; Field. and Gardn. Sert. t.6. Cyrtophyllwm fragrans, DC.

Prodr, IX. 31. C. peregrinum, Reinw.; Blume Bijdr. 1022; DC. 1. c.

612 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PenanG: Curtis 314. Perak: Low 180; Scortechina 993, 2045;

King’s Collector 6073, 6175. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1026; Griffith

(K.D.) 3735; Derry 53, 272. Srinaapore: Schomburgk 38; Ridley

8921; G. King.—Distris. Malay Archipelago.

Species IMPERFECTLY Known.

14. Facr#a Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. LEpiphytal, quite

glabrous ; young branches as thick or nearly twice as thick as a swan’s

quill, brown when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous; obovate, the apex

broad and rounded, much tapered to the base; both surfaces pale

yellowish-brown when dry; main nerves 5 pairs, ascending, rather

straight, very stout and prominent.on the lower surface like the broad

midrib; length 5 to 9 in., breadth 3-5 to 6 in.; petiole 1 to 1:5 in.

long, very stout, expanded at the base. Flowers unknown. Fruit 2 in.

or more in length and 1:25 in. in diam. (when dry), in terminal cymes,

ovoid, apiculate, shining; the calyx at its base 1 in. long, campanulate,

with 5 broad rotund lobes, coriaceous.

Manacca: on Mount Ophir, Ridley, 3785. Stnearore: Rzdley

2767, 5845, 11363.

15. FacRr#A oBLONGA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A small tree (or

epiphyte?) ; young branches about as thick as a goose-quill, the inter-

nodes short; when dry brownish and shining. Leaves thinly

coriaceous; elliptic-oblong, the apex shortly and rather abruptly

acuminate, the base cuneate; edge slightly reflexed; both surfaces

shining when dry, pale, the upper olivaceous, the lower tinged with

yellow; midrib prominent on both, but especially on the lower sur-

face; main nerves invisible; length 5 to 11 in., breadth 1-75 to 2°75 in. ;

petiole -75 to 15 in. long. Flowers unknown. Fruit narrowly ovoid,

tapered to the base, shining, crowned by the remains of the thick style,

2 in. long and about 1-25 in. in diam.

Perak: at elevations of about 3500 ft., Scortechin ; King’s Col-

lector 5430, 8445; Wray 2992; Ridley 5558.

6. Strycunos, Linn.

Trees or scandent shrubs, usually with short, axillary, clavate tendrils.

Leaves opposite, with 3 to 5 or more ribs starting at or a little above

the base; other nerves less conspicuous. Flowers usually white or

yellowish, in terminal or axillary, usually corymbosely paniculate, cymes ;

bracts and bracteoles small. Calyx small, 5- or 4-partite. Corolla

hypocrateriform or campanulate; lobes 5 or 4, valvate. Stamens 5 or

4, inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube or below it; filaments

short, filiform; anthers ovate or oblong, with distinct parallel cells.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 613

Ovary 2-celled (or 1-celled in the upper part); ovules many in each cell ;

style long or short; stigma capitate or obscurely 2-lobed. Fruit a

berry, usually globose, indehiscent, with a hardened pericarp. Seeds

many, or by abortion 1 to 2 only, immersed in pulp, variously com-

pressed, or if solitary globose; the hilum ventral; albumen usually

copious, generally horny; embryo short, with flattened, foliaceous

cotyledons and short terete radicle—Disrris. Tropical and subtropical

regions of both hemispheres; species about 100.

In describing the characteristic leaves of this genus, we have distinguished

between the prominent ‘‘ribs”’ and the less conspicuous ‘‘ nerves.”’

Corolla-tube shorter than the lobes; berry usually small; seeds

very few :—

Corolla-tube scarcely any, at most -025 in. long, tawny-villous

within; leaveselliptic .. fe ao .. 1. S. Maingayi.

Corolla-tube about ‘05 to -1 in. long :—

Corolla-lobes about :15 to 2 in.; stamens eee inserted

at the top of the tube; leaves eaate 2. S. Curtisit.

Corolla-lobes about :075in.; stamens villous, inserted at te

middle of the tube; leaves elliptic-ovate or -oblong se BL Se Umpuinae

Corolla-tube equal to or nearly equal to the lobes ; berry small;

seeds few :—

Corolla-tube and lobes together less than -125 in. long; leaves

chartaceous ; ovary rounded, glabrous :—

Corolla-tube and lobes glabrous on both sides; stamens in-

serted a little above the base of the tube; leaves glabrous,

brown when dry $8 2c sc .. 4. S. ovalifolia.

Corolla-tube and lobes sparsely villous without, tube

elabrous and lobes slightly villous within; stamens inserted

at the throat of the tube; leaves aes yellowish-green

when dry

Corolla-tube and lobes aiabroies on both aie but epee

within with a dense tuft of bristles at the base; stamens

inserted at about two-thirds of tube; leaves softly

. flavescens.

pubescent 50) (ib So HG

Corolla-tube and lobes 195 to :25 in. Nigae. eaves more or

less coriaceous : —

Stamens inserted at the top of the tube :—

Ovary glabrous; corolla-lobes within furnished with a

dense tuft of bristles at the base; leaves 3- to 5-ribbed .. 7. S. malaccensis.

Ovary villous; corolla-lobes within villous-tufted ; leaves

5- to T-ribbed ae ah .. 8. S. septemnervis

Stamens inserted at the middle of the tube :—

Lobes of corolla glabrous within behind a dense tuft of

bristles ; leaves usually 5-ribbed, more or less pubescent 9. S. pubescens.

Lobes of corolla villous within behind a dense tuft of

bristles ; leaves 3-ribbed, nearly or quite glabrous -. 10. S. Ridley.

614 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla-tube much longer than the lobes :—

Corolla-tube nearly 25 in. long; lobes :1 in. long; stamens

inserted at top of tube; berry large, many-seeded; leaves

glabrous, rather small _ .. Ae Pe .. ll. S. Tieuté.

1. Srryvcunos Marneayi, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88

(1883). A stout climbing shrub; branches rough, brown; branchlets

somewhat angular, nearly black, densely studded with white prominent

lenticels; nodes swollen and marked by a prominent raised ring; tendrils

puberulous, in pairs, about 1 in. long, circinate, thickened upwards, sup-

ported by 2 small acute stipules on a ‘5 to 1 in. long stalk, each pair

replacing a leaf near the ends of the branchlets. Leaves coriaceous ;

elliptic, acuminate atapex, rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces,

olivaceous-brown when dry; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 3 in. broad; 3- to

5-ribbed ; midrib stout, pale beneath and much raised, impressed above ;

inner pair of side ribs from close above the base, curved upwards,

parallel to the margin and looped in the upper half; outside of them

and close to the margin a second pair, more or less inconspicuous, also

intramarginal and looped; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, commencing from

the midrib about half-way up, very rarely opposite, straight or nearly

so to join the principal pair of ribs at the loop sinuses; secondary

nerves few, branching; reticulations irregular, prominent; petiole 15 to

°25 in. long, channelled above. Cymes axillary, sessile, paniculate,

reaching 4 in. in length, much branched, the branches short, the

rachis angular, pubescent; bracteoles ovate-acute, ciliate, ‘05 to -1 in.

long; flowers extremely numerous, very small; buds obovoid, rounded

at tip. Calyx very small; tube short; lobes spreading, ovate-acute,

ciliate, ‘03 in. long. Corolla-tube very short, about ‘025 in. long,

glabrous without, long tawny-villous within; lobes linear-oblong, ‘1 to

125 in. long, reflexed in flower. Stamens inserted near top of tube,

nearly as long as corolla-lobes; filaments slender, villous; anthers

‘04 to -05 in. long, ovate, densely long-villous-hairy. Ovary rounded,

glabrous; style slender; stigma capitate. Berry globose, about 5d to

1 in. in diam.; endocarp smooth, black when dry. Seeds few, flattened,

orbicular, °5 in. in diam.; testa coriaceous; cotyledons cordate, 3- to 5-

nerved ; radicle short, stout.

Penane: Curtis 3667. Perak: Scortechina 1026; Wray 2009,

3112, 4279; King’s Collector 6291, 8190. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.)

1041, 1042. Sinearore: Lidley 5045.

2. StRycHNos Curtisi1, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climbing

shrub, the stems reaching 6 in. in diam.; branchlets pale brown, dull,

somewhat angular, dotted with prominent white lenticels which are

often elongate, uppermost pubescent ; nodes swollen and with a pale

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 615

pubescent ring; tendrils none (or not known!). Leaves coriaceous ;

ovate or ovate-oblong, rounded or slightly acute or shortly acuminate

at apex, rounded or truncate or almost cordate at base; glabrous on

both surfaces and olivaceous-brown when dry ; 2°5 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to

2 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed; midrib stout, faintly impressed above,

raised beneath; inner pair of ribs from about 15 in. above the base,

conspicuous, gradually curved to the apex, the upper one-half to one-

third only looped; outer pair faint, intramarginal, looped and joined to

the inner by cross nerves; main nerves about 6 pairs, arched;

secondary nerves many, similar to but fainter than main nerves;

reticulations irregular; petiole °3 to ‘d in. long, black when dry,

puberulous. Cymes axillary, sessile, corymbose, many-flowered,

3-chotomous, sparsely pubescent, reaching 2 to 2°5 in. in length and

about 1-5 in. in breadth; rachises somewhat angled ; primary branches

‘) to ‘75 in. long, successive ones shorter; pedicels 05 in. long ; bracts

lanceolate-acuminate, tawny-pubescent, -1 to 15 in. long, each pair

clasping the rachis; bracteoles minute, pubescent, usually 1 or 2 to each

pedicel; buds oblong, ‘15 in. long, ribbed, puberulous; flowers pale green

with a yellowish centre. Calyx small, pubescent; tube short; lobes

rounded, ciliate, 05 in. long. Corolla-tube -06 in. long, one-third of the

length of the lobes (18 in.), glabrous within; lobes oblong-spathulate,

thick, densely tawny-villous inside. Stamens inserted on the top of the

tube ; filaments slender, glabrous, ‘1 in. long; anthers oblong, obtuse,

not villous. Ovary rounded, pubescent; style slender, pubescent, -1 to

‘125 in. long; stigma capitate, often bifid. Berry not known.

PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtes 2973. Perak: Gunong

Bubu, at 1500 to 2000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 7702; Ulu Bubong, King’s

Collector 10281, 10438.

3. STRYCHNOS LAURINA, Wall. Cat. 1591 (1828). A stout climbing

shrub; branches somewhat angular, with pale yellowish-brown shining

bark; lenticels pale, often elongate; nodes swollen ; tendrils puberulous

at tip only, in pairs, about 1 to 1:5 in. long, circinate, thickened up-

wards, supported by 2 small acute stipules, on a ‘75 in. long stalk, each

pair replacing a leaf near the ends of the branchlets. Leaves sub-

coriaceous, elliptic-ovate or -oblong, acuminate at apex, rounded at

base; glabrous on both surfaces; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:25 to 2°5 in. broad ;

3-ribbed from a little above the base; midrib stout, pale beneath and

raised, impressed above, as are the 2 inner ribs, which curve somewhat

acutely upwards to the apex, not or only slightly looped above half-

way up; outside them and close to the margin another pair more or

less inconspicuous, making an intramarginal looped nerve; main nerves

faint, 6 to,8 pairs, rarely opposite, straight from the midrib to join the

616 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

principal pair of ribs at the loop sinuses; secondary nerves few, branch-

ing ; reticulations many, in an elegant network, inconspicuous ; petiole

‘2 to ‘3 in. long, channelled above. Cymes pubescent, in rather short

axillary sessile corymbs, or in elongate terminal panicles reaching 5 in.

in length; rachises angular; bracteoles ovate-acute, ciliate; flowers very

numerous, the buds obovoid. Calyx very small; tube short; lobes

ovate-obtuse, ciliate, ‘03 to ‘05 in. long. Corolla-tube -075 in. long,

glabrous without and at the base within, upper part within and lobes

densely long tawny-villous; lobes ‘075 to ‘1 in. long. Stamens inserted at

the middle of the tube; filaments slender, villous, ‘05 in. long; anthers

as long, sparsely retrorse-villous at the base. Ovary rounded, villous,

tapering into a conical style; stigma capitate. Berry globose, ‘d to 1 in.

in diam.; endocarp slightly rough and spotted. Seeds 1 to 2, orbicular,

flattened on one surface, convex on the other; testa coriaceous. A. DC.

Prodr. IX. 18; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. I. 102; Kurz For. Fl. IT. 166;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88 (excl. var.).

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1035. Panane: Ridley 2161.—DisrR1p.

India (Cachar, Burma, Griffith 3727, 3729).

Wray 1236 from ‘lower camp, Gunong Batu Pateh,’’ Perak, is also probably this

species, but the leaves are rather thinner and more lanceolate. So, too, probably, are

Scortechini 295 and King’s Collector 7193, which haye very quadrangular branchlets

and large leaves; but the specimens are too incomplete for certainty.

4. STRYCHNOS OVALIFOLIA, Wall. Cat. 1592 (1828). A large climbing

shrub; branchlets slender, terete, with dark brown shining bark; lenticels

few; nodes swollen and with a faint raised line; tendrils none (or not

known!). Leaves chartaceous; ovate-lanceolate or -elliptic, acuminate at

apex, cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces, 3 todin. long, 1-5to 2°din.

broad, brown when dry; 3- to 5-ribbed; midrib rather slender, slightly

impressed above, raised beneath, as are the 2 inner ribs which start from

‘2 to ‘4 in. above the base and are curved acutely upwards to the apex,

looped only in the upper half; outside them and close to the margin

another pair more or less conspicuous, with a marginal looped nerve ;

main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, faint, straight from the midrib to join the

principal pair at the loop sinuses; secondary nerves many ; reticula-

tions irregular, fairly prominent; petiole slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long,

Cymes axillary, paniculate, reaching about 2 in. in length, few-flowered ;

rachis angular, pubescent ; bracteoles ovate-acute, ciliate ; buds obovoid,

short. Calyx very small; lobes ovate-obtuse, pubescent, ciliate, ‘05 in.

long. Corolla-tube 06 in. long, glabrous, as are the lobes on both

sides; lobes as long as tube. Stamens inserted a little above the base

of the tube; filaments slender; anthers elongate, apiculate. Ovary

rounded, glabrous, gradually contracted into the slender style; stigma

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 617

capitate. Berry globose, about ‘75 in. in diam.; endocarp thin, smooth.

Seeds 1 to 3, oblong-orbicular, ‘8 by ‘5 in., flat, the margin undulate ;

testa crustaceous ; cotyledons cordate. A. DC. Prodr. TX. 13: Benth.

in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 103. S. lawrina, Wall., Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 88 (partly).

Penane: Wallich 1592; Curtis 3044, 3468. Perak: King’s Collector

4865. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1037.

5. STRYCHNOS FLAVESCENS, King & Gamble, n. sp. A large climbing

shrub; branchlets slender, stiff, somewhat angular, with pale grey bark;

nodes swollen; tendrils none (or not known). Leaves chartaceous;

elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, attenuate or

occasionally truncate or cordate at base; both surfaces glabrous, light

yellowish green; 3 to 5 in. long, 1:5 to 2°75 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed

from close above the base; midrib strong, somewhat impressed above,

as is the inner pair of ribs which start at an angle of about 30° and

curve upwards to the apex, faintly looped only near the top; outer

pair of ribs quite inconspicuous, close to the margin and regularly

looped; main nerves many, irregular, arched, only from 3 to 6 pairs

joming the sinuses of the loops of the inner pair of ribs to the

midrib; secondary nerves many ; reticulations in an elegant network ;

petiole -3 in. long, channelled above. Cymes terminal, corymbose,

minutely yellow-puberulous, reaching 4 in. in length and diam. ;

peduncle about 1 in. long; rachis angular; bracts linear or lanceolate,

often leafy ; bracteoles ovate-acute, enclosing the very short pedicels ;

buds globose; flowers minute, pale green. Calyx campanulate; tube

short ; lobes rounded, ciliate, -05 in. long, glabrous within. Corolla-tube

cylindric, ‘05 in. long, glabrous within; lobes 4 or 5, as long as tube,

sparsely villous without, more thickly so within. Stamens inserted on

the throat of the tube; filaments extremely short; anthers ovate-acute,

not villous, ‘025 in. long. Ovary globose, glabrous; style very short ;

stigma punctate. Berry obovoid, about 1 in. long, °d in. in diam. ; peri-

carp very thin, greenish, smooth. Seeds 2, inner face flattened, outer

convex, ‘6 in. long, °5 in. broad.

PENANG: at Waterfall, Curtis 3430, 3667. Perak: at Larut, Scorte-

_ cham 1498 + King’s Collector 4998. Matacca: at Ayer Panas, Curtis 3490.

6. StrycHNos RuFA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 89 (1883).

A climbing (?) shrub; branches pale brown, smooth, lenticellate; branch-

lets slender, patently rufous-pubescent, slightly angular; nodes somewhat

swollen ; tendrils none (so far as known). Leaves chartaceous; elliptic or

elliptic-ovate, acute at apex, cuneate or rounded or subcordate at base ;

upper surface sparsely pubescent or glabrate, lower surface softly rufous-

pubescent ; 2-5 to 4:5 in. long, 1:5 to 2in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed; midrib rather

618 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

stout; inner pair of ribs more slender from a short distance only above the

base, at about 40° with the midrib, slightly looped above; outer pair incon-

spicuous, much looped; main nerves 3 to 4 pairs, joining the midrib and

side nerves and nearly straight; secondary nerves many, arched ; reticu-

lations fairly conspicuous ; petiole ‘15 in. long. Cymes small, axillary,

scarcely reaching ‘d in. long, ‘75 in. broad; sessile, rufous-pubescent ;

branches trichotomous ; pedicels slender, :1 in. long; bracteoles linear,

small; buds small, oblong. Calyx very small; lobes ovate, acute,

05 in. long. Corolla-tube campanulate, ‘06 in. long, glabrous within,

puberulous without; lobes a little shorter than tube, also glabrous

within, but with a thick white tuft of bristly hairs at the base of each.

Stamens inserted at about two-thirds of the height of the tube;

filaments very short; anthers ovate, apiculate, retrorsely villous-hairy

below. Ovary globose, glabrous; style very short; stigma capitate. Berry

globose or oblong, ‘5 to 1:25 in. in diam., few-seeded; pericarp thick. Seeds

ovate-oblong, compressed, °75 in. long by ‘5 in. broad; albumen thin.

PERAK: at Tapa and Relan Tujor, Wray 1334, 4033; at Campar,

firdley 9698 ; King’s Collector 3973, 6199, 10187. Matacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 10384. Srnancor: at Kwala Lumpor, Curtis 2398.

We have felt a little doubt about this species, which is merely represented by one

fruiting specimen in the Kew Herbarium; but believe the identifications to be correct.

The flowers are described from Curtis’s specimen, the fruits from Maingay’s and

Wray’s 1334.

7. STRYCHNOS MALACCENSIS, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 101

(1857). A climbing shrub; branchlets dark brown, terete, puberulous ;

nodes slightly swollen; tendrils pubescent, single or in pairs, reaching

1 to 2 in. in length, circinate, thickened upwards but again reduced at

the tip, each replacing a leaf at the ends of the branchlets. Leaves sub-

coriaceous ; ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute at apex, cuneate to rounded at

base; glabrous on both surfaces, except in young leaves and on the

midrib beneath; 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed ;

midrib slender, impressed above; inner pair of ribs from about ‘5 in.

above the base, starting at an angle of about 30° with the midrib, curving

upwards to the apex, looped in the upper third; outer pair intra-

marginal, slender, looped; main nerves about 5 pairs, straight from the

midrib to the inner ribs; reticulations many, in an elegant network ;

petiole 2 to ‘3 in. long, slender. Cymes axillary, corymbose, reaching 1

in. long and broad, fulvous-pubescent ; peduncles ‘3 in. long; bracteoles

very small; pedicels slender; flowers small, greyish-white; buds obovoid.

Calyx very small; tube short; lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, puberulous,

‘05 in. long. Corolla-tube campanulate, ‘06 to ‘07 in. long, minutely

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 619

pubescent in the upper part within or nearly glabrous, puberulous

without; lobes as long as or a little shorter than tube, with a dense tuft

of pale bristles at the base within, otherwise glabrous. Stamens

inserted at the top of the tube; filaments very short; anthers ovoid,

‘03 in. long, densely hairy, especially with retrorse hairs at the base.

Ovary conoidal, glabrous, gradually attenuated into a rather thick style

‘05 in. long; stigma capitate. Berry ovoid, 1 in. long by °75 in. in

diam.; pericarp of two layers, outer pergamaceous, shining, thin, inner

hard, woody. Seed 1, oblong; albumen horny, copious; cotyledons

ovate-acute, strongly nerved, ‘1 in. long; radicle thick. Mig. FI. Ind.

ees A a OSOs Clarke ine, look.) tale won. nds) LV. 89:

S. Gauthierana, Pierre MS. in Herb. Kew.

Prenane: Curtis 1515; King’s Collector 1539. Mauacca: Griffith

(K.D.) 3724.—Distris. Burma (Tenasserim or Andamans, Helfer 3724;

Tavoy, Shackh Mokim 336), Cambodia.

8. STRYCHNOS SEPTEMNERVIS, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 88

(1883). A climbing shrub; branches stout, obscurely angled, pale

brown, sparsely lenticellate, swollen at the nodes and prominently

ringed; tendrils none (or not known!). Leaves coriaceous; elliptic,

shortly acuminate at apex, attenuate at base, glabrous on both surfaces;

2°5 to 45 in. long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; 5- to 7-ribbed; midrib stout,

more or less raised on both surfaces ; inner pair of ribs from about -25 in.

above the base, strong, acutely angled (about 10° at first) with the mid-

rib and curving upwards to the apex, looped in the upper half, next

pair much less conspicuous; outer pair faint or absent; main nerves

many pairs, arched between the midrib and first side ribs; reticula-

tions strong, prominent on both surfaces; petiole -3 to -4 in. long.

Cymes axillary, sessile, many-flowered, reaching 4 in. in length but

usually shorter, rusty-pubescent ; rachis somewhat angled ; bracts

small, ovate, acute, ciliate; flowers rather large; buds oblong-ob-

ovoid. Calyx very small; lobes ovate, acute or obtuse, ciliate, -05 in.

long. Corolla-tube campanulate, -15 in. long, glabrous without, pube-

scent within in upper part and with villous tufts at the throat ;

lobes -1 in. long, recurved, pubescent within. Stamens inserted at

the top of the tube; filaments short, villous, 025 in. long; anthers

— oblong, apiculate, -05 in. long, exsert, villous. Ovary conical, villous,

gradually narrowed into a ‘15 in. long exsert style, villous below;

stigma capitate or obsoletely lobed. Berry rather small, reaching

‘) in. in length, ovoid; pericarp smooth, crustaceous, thin. Seed 1,

- flat, round.

Penang: at Penara Bukit, Curtes 1021. Matacca: Maingay

(K.D.) 1036.

620 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

9. STRYCHNOS PUBESCENS, Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 89

(1883). A large climbing shrub; branchlets rather slender, tawny-pube-

scent, brown, somewhat striate; nodes swollen, with a ring; tendrils

single, circinate, tawny-pubescent, enlarged upwards, 1 to 1°d in. long,

each replacing a leaf in end branchlets or occasionally axillary. Leaves

yellow when dry, subcoriaceous; ovate, acute at apex, rounded or some-

times attenuate at base, sometimes cordate on ultimate branchlets; upper

surface glabrous or puberulous, lower glabrescent when old, pubescent

when young; | to 3-5 in. long, ‘75 to 2:25 in. broad ; 3- to 5-ribbed, midrib

and ribs conspicuous, strongly impressed above; inner pair of ribs from

about °3 to ‘6 in. above the base, starting at about 30°, outer pair at about

45° with the midrib starting from close to the base ; main nerves joining

them to the midrib arched, about 6 pairs; reticulations obscure; petiole

‘L to 2 in. long. Cymes small, axillary and subterminal, dense, up to

‘75 in. in diam., tawny-puberulous to pubescent; bracts lanceolate,

small; pedicels short, with 2 bracteoles; buds oblong; flowers white.

Calyx very small; lobes rounded, ciliate, 04 in. long. Corolla-tube a

little longer than the lobes, cylindric, minutely puberulous without, gla-

brous within; lobes glabrous within, but each with a dense tuft of white

bristles at its base; tube and lobes together -125 in. long. Stamens in-

serted on the middle of the tube, sessile or with minute filaments; anthers

ovate, °025in. long, apiculate, retrorsely sparsely hairy at base only. Ovary

glabrous; style very short; stigma capitate. Berry globose, ‘3 to ‘6 in.

in diam.; pericarp thin, crustaceous. Seeds 1 to 2, flat or concave on

one surface, convex on the other, ‘5 in. long by ‘4 in. broad.

Penance: Curtis 970, 3649. Prrax: at Lartt, Scortechint 1485; at

Relan Tujor, Wray 1916; at Thaipeng, Wray 3048; at Selama, Wray

4278; at Lartt, King’s Collector 2441, 3623, 6276, 6477. Manacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 1040; Curtis 3494. Necri Sempinan: at Perhentian

Tinggi, Ridley 10089. Srneapore: at Bukit Timah, Ridley 6317.

Scortechini, in his notes on his No. 1858, says he thinks that that specimen ‘‘ shows

some differences from S. pubescens which may amount to specific distinction; the

flowers being pedicellate, the apex of the anthers obtuse, and the style long.”” No. 1858

is clearly the very last part of a long climbing branch, and such parts often differ a

good deal from the more typical parts, so that we are doubtful of its being capable of

separation, and prefer to call it :—

Var. Scortechinn, King & Gamble. Leaves ovate, acute at apex,

rounded at base or almost cordate, densely, softly rusty-tomentose on

the lower surface; ribs 3 to 5, starting close to the base. Cymes small,

axillary. Stamens inserted above the middle of the tube of the corolla,

not apiculate. Style longer than in type. Berry oblong.

Perak: at Dambung Batak, Scortechim 1858.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 621

10. StrycHnos Ripueyi, King & Gamble, n.sp. <A climbing shrub;

branchlets slender, terete, nearly black when dry, uppermost only

sparsely pubescent; nodes slightly swollen, with a pale line; tendrils

single, much circinate, much enlarged upwards, nearly 2 in. long.

Leaves subcoriaceous, nearly black when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

acute at apex, attenuate or rounded at base; glabrous on both surfaces

except for faint tufts in the rib-axils beneath; 1:5 to 3-25 in. long, 1 to

1-75 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed, midrib strong, impressed above; inner

pair of ribs more slender, from ‘1 to °2 in. above the base, starting at an

angle of about 30° with the midrib, curving upwards to the apex and

distantly looped above; near the margin a very faint pair looped and

intramarginal; main nerves few, 2 to 3 pairs, straight to the sinuses

of the loops of the side ribs; secondary nerves many; reticulations

slender, inconspicuous; petiole -3 to °4 in. long, rather stout. Cymes

axillary, few-flowered, puberulous, reaching °75 in. in length and

diameter ; peduncles ‘25 in. long; bracts lanceolate, sheathing, ciliate ;

bracteoles minute, rounded or acute; pedicels about -05 in. long; buds

oblong, black when dry. Calyx very small; lobes broad, obtuse, -04 in.

long, ciliate. Corolla-tube campanulate, -075 in. long, glabrous on both

surfaces ; lobes as long as tube, glabrous without, densely villous within,

and furnished at the base with tufts of pale bristles. Stamens inserted

at the middle of the corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate,

rounded, ‘035 in. long, sparsely villous at the base. Ovary globose,

glabrous, with a short style and capitate stigma. Fruit unknown.

SINGAPORE : at Toas, fzdley 6313.

This species resembles S. pubescens in having the stamens inserted at the middle

of the corolla-tube, and in the globose ovary and short style, but the lobes of the

corolla are villous within, and the leaves are quite different.

11. Strycunos Treutz, Lesch. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. XVI. 479,

t. 23 (1810). <A large climbing shrub; branches grey, lenticellate, stiff;

branchlets dark brown, slender; nodes somewhat swollen; tendrils

single, circinate, much enlarged upwards and at length woody, 1 to

2 in. long, glabrous, replacing an occasional leaf of a pair on ultimate

branchlets. Leaves chartaceous or subcoriaceous; elliptic or elliptic-

lanceolate, bluntly caudate-acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base ;

both surfaces glabrous, olive-brown, upper shining ; 2°5 to 3°d in. long, 1

to 1-5 in. broad; 3- to 5-ribbed, midrib slender, impressed above ; inner

pair of ribs from about -15 in. above the base, prominent, starting at an

angle of 40° or less with the midrib and curving upwards to the apex,

looped above the middle; outer pair obscure, forming a faint intra-

marginal looped rib more or less to the apex; main nerves 3 to 6 pairs,

622 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

reaching the sinuses of the loops of the inner basal ribs; secondary

nerves very many, similar to main nerves; reticulations prominent,

irregular; petiole -2 to ‘3 in. long, curved. Cymes axillary, corymbose,

usually sessile, reaching 1 in. in length and 1-25 in. in breadth, few-

(12- to 18-) flowered; peduncles short; branches of rachis very slender,

3-chotomous; bracts linear, short; bracteoles minute, rounded, 2 to

each pedicel below the calyx; pedicels puberulous, ‘1 to ‘25 in. long;

flower-buds clavate, top rounded; flowers white, sweet-scented. Calyx

very small; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, 05 in. long. Corolla infundi-

buliform ; tube slender, -2 to ‘25 in. long, minutely puberulous without,

glabrous within; lobes oblong, ‘1 in. long, glabrous. Stamens inserted

at the top of the tube; filaments very short, but decurrent in lines

down the interior of the tube; anthers oblong, -05 in. long, apiculate,

glabrous. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, alternated into a ‘25 in. long style;

stigma capitate, obtuse. Berry globose, many-seeded, 1:5 to 2°5 in. in

diameter; pericarp thick, woody, shining, smooth, yellowish at first,

afterwards red. Seeds immersed in pulp, rounded, ovoid or oblong,

. more or less flattened, usually ‘75 in. long, and about :25 in. broad;

testa thin, silvery; albumen horny; cotyledons cordate, acute, 3- to 5-

nerved, ‘15 in. long; radicle stout, cylindric, as long as cotyledons.

Bl. Rumph. I. 67, t. 24; A. DC. Prodr. IX. 13; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 380. S. Maingayi var. ? fructuosa, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 88.

Penane: Curtes 709, 1490; Ridley 9358. Prsrax: King’s Collector

5348, 10595. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1038; Corporal Alu and

Corporal Hasan. Stincarore: fidley.— Distris. Java (Horsfield,

Zollinger), Borneo (Beccarz 1580).

King’s Collector, No. 10311, from Perak, agrees fairly well with S. Horsfieldiana,

Mig., but the specimens are too incomplete to warrant description.

7. GAERTNERA, Lamk.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely ternate, entire, coriaceous,

penninerved; stipules connate into a cylindrical sheath. Cymes axillary

or terminal, many- or 3- to 1-flowered. Calyx small, funnel-shaped or

campanulate. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx ; its limb with 4 or 5

lobes; valvate in bud. Stamens adnate to the corolla-tube by short

filaments. Ovary 2-celled; style short or long; stigmas 2, linear or

clavate; ovule solitary in each cell, erect. Berry didymous, sub-

globose, crustaceous. Seeds often compressed; albumen horny or fleshy;

embryo small.—Distris. About 40 species, in the tropics of Asia and

Africa.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 623

Leaves glabrous :—

Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, usually under 4 in. in

length :—

Flowers 4-merous Be ae a .. 1. G. viminea.

. Flowers 5-merous a 2. G. Koenigii var.

ences oblong-oblanceolate, much tapered to the aie getiale! loxyphylla.

7 to 12 in. in length :—

Cymes densely umbellate, crowded.. ae ne) Os G. OUESa,

Cymes laxly paniculate. . 4. G. oblanceolata.

Leaves hairy beneath, ae oblong, slightly mavioned at the

base; petiole not very long . rie oc ae 1d. Ge GTISeas

1. GAERTNERA VIMINEA, Hook. f. ex Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 91

(1883). Ashrub; young shoots as thick as a crow-quill, glabrous. Leaves

membranous ; narrowly lanceolate, apex caudate-acuminate, the base

much narrowed; both surfaces brown when dry, the upper eabrous, the

lower minutely scaly; length 2°5 to 3:5 in., breadth ‘6 to ‘8 in.; petiole

about ‘lin. long. Flowers only about :25 in. long, in small beienitial

trichotomous nearly glabrous cymes; lowest bracts linear, sometimes

‘4 in. long; pedicels very short. Calyx cupular, with 4 spreading

teeth. Corolla villous at the throat, 4-lobed. Fruzt obovoid-globose,

‘2in. long. Psychotria viminea, Wall. Cat. 8354.

SinGAporE: Wallich 8354; Fudley 4828, 9500.

2. GAERTNERA Koenicu, Wight Ic. 1318 (1850); var. oxypHYLLa,

Clarke in Hook. f. F'l. Br. Ind. IV. 91 (1883). A small tree; all parts except

the inflorescence glabrous ; young branches thicker than a crow-quill,

pale brown, terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous; narrowly elliptic-oblong,

sometimes somewhat oblanceolate, apex shortly caudate-acuminate, base

much narrowed; both surfaces pale olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower

minutely scaly; midrib distinct; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, curving up-

wards, thin but distinct on the lower surface; length 2°5 to 4 in.,

breadth ‘8 to 1:35 in.; petiole 2 to -4 in. long. Stipules forming an

oblong sheath, 5-toothed or bifid, -25 in. long; the apex and ultimately

the whole deciduous. Pamnicles terminal, cymose, lax, less than half as

long as the leaves when in flower, elongating in fruit; branches divari-

cate, opposite, the ultimate branches 3-flowered. Flowers °25 in.

long, on puberulous pedicels longer or shorter than themselves, bracteo-

late near the apex. Calyx short, tubular, irregularly 5-toothed. Corolla

tubular, glabrous outside, slightly curved; the mouth with 5 (sometimes

4) thick spreading subacute lobes. Stamens included; anthers linear,

slightly bifid at the base, on short filaments. Ovary 2-celled, each cell

l-ovuled. Frimt globular, :3 in. in diam., slightly compressed, with a

deep vertical groove on each side (subdidymous), glabrous, smooth; the

apex areolate, but without remains of the calyx. G. thyrszflora, Blame

624 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 174; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I. 112. G

acuminata, Benth. l.c. G. Junghuhnu, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 383.

Sykesia Koenigu and S. thyrsiflora, Arn. Pug. Pl. Ind. Or. 35; DC.

Prodr. IX. 35. Psychotria vaginans, DC. Prodr. TV. 520; W. & A.

Prodr. 434. Psychotria sp., Wall. Cat. 8342, 8388. P. oxyphylla

Wall. Cat. 8374; Benth. J. c.

PERAK: at elevations over 3000 ft., Scortechini 305; King’s Collector

8063; Wray 214, 279, 4113, 4122.

3. GAERTNERA OBESA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 92 (1883). A small

shrub ; young branches compressed, as thick as a swan’s quill or thicker,

almost glabrous, pale brown, their apices often quite enveloped in the

large stipules. Leaves subcoriaceous, large; oblong-lanceolate or oblong-

elliptic, shortly acuminate at apex, narrowed at the base into the

stout winged petiole ; both surfaces drying brown, glabrous, the lower

minutely lepidote when young ; midrib broad; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs,

slightly curved, ascending, conspicuous on the lower surface, the inter-

mediate nerves also distinct although thin; length 9 to 12 in., breadth

3 to 3°5in.; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, broadly channelled; its upper part

winged. Stepules 1:25 to 1:5 in. long, coriaceous, broadly oblong,

acuminate when young, but afterwards, from the breaking off of the

upper part, blunt or obscurely bifid; the base auricled. Cymes (including

their peduncles) not much exceeding the leaf-petioles in length, usually

terminal, densely umbellate, about 1:25 in. across, bearing about 3 um-

bellate main branches compressed and puberulous like the peduncle

but much shorter, and at the base several linear bracts about -5 in. long.

Flowers :3 in. long, sessile or shortly pedicelled in short, few-flowered,

broadly bracteolate cymelets on the ultimate branchlets. Calyx cam-

panulate, puberulous outside; the limb obscurely toothed, entire and

truncate, enlarging with age. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, fleshy,

tubular; the limb with 5 short acute inflexed lobes, glabrous outside,

densely hairy in the upper half inside. Anthers 5, oblong, blunt,

cordate at the base, inserted by short filaments near the base of the

tube. Fruwtunknown. Psychotria obesa, Wall. Cat. 8328.

Perak: Scortechim. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 925. SiInGAPoRE:

on Bukit Timah, Rzdley 2680; Hullett 118, 137; Walker 212.

Var. angustifolia, King & Gamble. Leaves not exceeding 2°75 in.

in breadth. Cymes axillary, 1:5 in. long.

Perak: Scortechim. Only a single specimen collected.

4. GAERTNERA OBLANCEOLATA, King & Gamble, n. sp. A glabrous

shrub, 4 to 8 ft. high; branches about as thick as a goose-quill, sub-

quadrangular, dark-coloured. Leaves subcoriaceous ; oblong-oblanceo-

late, shortly and somewhat abruptly acuminate, gradually narrowed

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 625

from above the middle to the short petiole; both surfaces when dry

brown, tinged (especially on the paler lower surface) with olivaceous,

the midrib prominent on both; the 10 to 12 pairs of curved ascending

main nerves prominent on the lower but indistinct on the upper surface ;

length 7 to 9 in., breadth 1°75 to 3-5 in.; petiole ‘6 tol in long. Stipules

spathaceous, 1:25 in. long, opening on one side, embracing the petiole by a

rounded basal wing; the upper part caducous and leaving the irregularly

quadrate, persistent, coriaceous, pale, margined base. Cymes panicu-

late, lax, with a few linear deflexed bracteoles, supra-axillary, about

3 in. long (longer in fruit), one-third being peduncle; the branches few,

lax, the lower deflexed. Flowers in threes, rather crowded towards the

apices of the branches, on thick pedicels shorter than themselves, before

expansion only about 1 in. long. Calyx cylindric; the mouth under

‘1 in. in diam., very shortly 5-toothed, glabrous outside like the corolla.

Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, constricted above the middle ;

the lobes triangular, thick; the throat very hairy inside. Anthers

hidden amongst hairs; their filaments short. Ovary 2-celled, the cells

l-ovuled. rw glabrous, obliquely obovoid or globular, but somewhat

contracted at the base, crowned by the minute remains of the calyx, about

‘3in.in length. Seed (by abortion) solitary, with much horny albumen.

Perak: Scortechint 203; Wray 1948, 2283; King’s Collector 8449.

5. GAERTNERA GRISEA, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 92 (1883). A small

bush ; young branches as thick as a swan- or goose-quill, compressed,

pale, minutely pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, large; oblong or elliptic-

oblong, apex shortly acuminate, base rounded or cuneate; edges slightly

recurved; upper surface glabrous, lower softly pale-cinereous-pubescent ;

main nerves 8 or 9 pairs, oblique, slightly curved, bold on the lower sur-

face, faint on the upper; midrib broad, prominent on the lower surface

(when dry), flat on the upper; length 8 to 11 in., breadth 2 to 4:5 in. ;

petiole -35 to -75 in.; intra-petiolar stipules united to form an adpressed

cinereous-pubescent sheath, -75 in. long, with 1 or 2 apical points. Cymes

terminal or axillary, solitary, 2°5 to 5 in. long and 2 to 3 in. across,

cinereous-pubescent everywhere, on peduncles 1 to 4 in. long, tricho-

tomous and with small triangular bracts at the divisions. Flowers

25 to 3 in. long. Calyx under ‘1 in. long, campanulate, with 5 broad,

triangular, spreading teeth. Corolla ‘2 to -25 in. long, thick, cylindric ;

limb short, with 5 deep, oblong-lanceolate, valvate lobes with inflexed

tips. Anthers 5, linear, inserted by short filaments below the glabrous

throat. Style thick; stigma with 2 broad lobes. Ovary 2-celled ;

ovules numerous. Frwt unkown. Psychotria ?, Wall. Cat. 8389.

JoHorE: Radley 11123; Murton 159, Sincapore: Wallich; Ridley

2697,

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obtained by application to the Honorary Secretary, 57, Park Stre

_ Calcutta.

PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY.

Asiatic Researches, Vols. I—XX and Index, 1788—1839,

Proceedings, 1865—1904 (now amalgamated with J our?

Memoirs, Vol. 1, etc., 1905, etc.

Journal, Vols. 1—73, 1832—1904,

Journal and Proceedings [N. §.], Vol. 1, etc., 1905, etc.

Centenary Review, 1784—1883.

Bibliotheca Indica, 1848, ete.

A complete list of publications bald by the Society can

and to the sands and nablic rooms of the ;

during the hours they are ener to members. _

rooms of pe Socioty and to examine its collestian AB

(e) To es out books, plates and manuscripts from

JOURNAL & PROCEEDINGS

_ ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

ea Vol. LXXIV, Part 3. 3

1908.

| [SIRWILLAMJONES

rE: ———

i =

s =

MDCCXLVI-MDCCXCIN

LONDON :

PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, AND PUBLISHED

BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STREET, CALCUTTA.

1908.

Issued March 27th. 1998,

Price, Bs. 2.

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

For the year 1908.

President :

The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Asutosh Mukhopadhyaya, M.A, D.L., wo

-*DSe., F.R.S.E. .

Vice-Presidents :

_ . E. Holland, Esq., D.Sc. F.G.S., ERS.

_ G. Thibaut, Esq., C.I.E., Ph.D., D.Se.

_ Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastm, M.A.

Secretary and Treasurer :

General Secretary :—Lieut. Colonel D. C. Phillott.

Treasurer :—J. A. Chapman, Esq.

Additional Secretaries :

Philological Secretary :—Lieut. Colonel D. C. Phillott.

Natural History Secretary:—I. H. Burkill, Esq., M.A,

Anthropological Secretary:—N. Annandale, Hsq., ‘Des oo

C.M.Z.S. "

Joint Philological Secretary: —Mahamahopadhyaya, Satis —

Chandra Vidyabhisana, M.A.

Medical Secretary :—Major L. Rogers, M.D., B.Sc., I.M.S. ©

Numismatic Secretary :—H. N. Wright, Esq., 1.C.S. 7

Other Members of Council :

T. H. D. La Touche, Esq., B.A., F.G.S.

Harinath De, Esq., M.A.

J. A. Cunningham, Esq., B.A.

Lieut.-Colonel W. J. Buchanan, M.D., I.M.S.

AH. G. Graves, Esq.

Lieut, Colonel G. F. A. Harris, M.D., F.R.C.P., IMLS.

Babu Monmohan Chakravarti, M.A., B.L.

Abdulla al-Mamun Suhrawardy, Esq., M.A., LL.D.

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part IJ.—Extra Number, 1907.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Sir GEorGE

Kine, K.C.1.E., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal

Botamec Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Game, C.L.E., F.RB.S.,

late of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 20.

The present Part contains the descriptions of three Families, No. 89

Acanthacee, which was only finished by the late Mr. C. B. Clarke,

F.R.S., just before his lamented death in August, 1906, and Nos. 91

Labiate and 92 Plantaginacee, which have been done by Lt.-Col.

Prain, C.I.H., F.R.S., Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

The 3 Families comprise 54 genera and 166 species. In the Acan-

thacee there are 35 genera and 134 species, of which 5 genera and

68 species are new. In the Labiate the genera are 18 and the species

31, one genus being newly described. But it is worthy of note that of

the 31 species only 16 are really native in the Malay Peninsula, the

rest being introduced plants. One species only is endemic, Plectran-

thus Kunstleri, Prain. In Plantaginacee there is merely one genus

containing one species, an introduced weed.

It may here be usefully recorded that, in addition to his work on

the Malay Peninsula Acanthacee herein given, the late Mr. Clarke also

prepared an account of the species of the Malay Archipelago, which

will shortly be published in the ‘Journal of the Linnean Society.’

Part No. 21, which will contain two Families, No. 86 Gesneracee

and No. 90 Verbenacee, and thus complete the Gamopetale, may be

expected to issue about the New Year.

628 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Family LXXXIX.—ACANTHACEA.

[By C. B. CuarKe.]

Herbs or shrubs, or twining plants (Thunbergia). Leaves opposite,

often unequal, in Polytrema sometimes pseudalternate ; stipules 0. In-

florescence various; spikes strobilate or heads or cymose or flowers

solitary ; bracts and prophylla large, small or 0. lowers 2-sexual,

irregular. Calyx inferior ; segments 5 or 4, nearly free or more or less

united. Corolla gamopetalous; tube campanulate or linear; limb

2-lipped or 5-lobed, more or less 1-sided. Stamens on the corolla

4 didynamous, or 2 (with or without rudiments); anther-cells 2 or 1;

pollen ellipsoid (then usually ribbed or banded longitudinally) or globose

(then often honeycombed or echinulate). Ovary superior, 2-celled ;

ovules 2 to 1, or several, superimposed in vertical rows (or 2 collateral

in Thunbergia) ; style long, simple, minutely 2-fid. Capsule loculicidal,

often elastically dehiscent; seeds usually nearly as many as the ovules,

held up on rigid curved retenacula (outgrowths of the funicle); albu-

men 0.—Distris. Species 2000, throughout the warmer parts of the

world.

This Family is specially characterized by the retinacula and the seeds placed in a

vertical line; this character fails in the first two Subfamilies. The plants of Sub-

family II. Netsonrompre# are frequently mistaken for those of ScRoPHULARIACEm, from

which they differ by the seeds being superimposed vertically.

CoNSPECTUS OF THE SUBFAMILIES, TRIBES, AND GENERA.

Subfamily I. THunperciomwrm. Seeds 4 to 2 in the Be

without retinacula. Twiners 1. THUNBERGIA.

Subfamily II. NetsonioipEs. Seeds 8 os 16, ver eienlty fie

imposed in 2 rows in the capsule on small soft papille (not

on hard curved retinacula). Herbs small or of very moderate

size :—

Stamens 2 a0 D0 oc ae .. 2. NELSONIA.

Stamens 4 :—

Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles 3. STAUROGYNE.

Flowers axillary os 4, CARDANTHERA.

Subfamily III. RurniioiwsEz. Retinneula present. iGorelne lobes

contorted in the bud :—

Tribe 1. Rurttunz. Capsule with more than 4 seeds, which

are hygroscopically shaggy on the margin :—

Pollen honeycombed. Flowers axillary. Capsule clavate 7. Rurwwta.

Pollen echinate. Capsule seed-bearing from the base .. 8, APORUELLIA.

Pollen ellipsoid, with many longitudinal ribs. Capsule

hardly stalked :—

lobe bifid .

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla distinctly 2-lipped :—

Spikes continuous or axillary clusters

Flowers in 1-sided axillary open racemes ..

Corolla obscurely or scarcely 2-lipped :—

Thyrsus terminal, 8 to 12 by -75 in.

Spikes terminal or short-peduncled heads

Tribe 2. SrroprnaNTHINe. Capsule with 4 (or 2) seeds :—

Pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally ribbed :—

Stamens 4 =e te AC a

Stamens 2 5c se are 5G

Pollen globose, echinate. Stamens 4

Subfamily ITV. AcantHorpex%. Retinacula present. Corolla with

the posticous lip cut away; anticous lip 3-lobed, the middle

Subfamily v. JUSTICIOIDEE. em ae present. Corolle lobes

imbricated in the bud, i.e. one lobe wholly within, one wholly

without, the others :—

Tribe 1. GymnostacHyIn%. Capsule with more than 4 seeds.

Bracts inconspicuous, hardly as long as the small sepals,

which rarely attain one-fifth inch in length. Stamens 2 :—

Capsule cylindric at base; seeds in the clavate top SC

Capsule with parallel sides; seed-bearing from the base :—

Corolla-tube cylindric, scarcely inflated :—

Seeds hygroscopically hairy on the margin se

Seeds glabrous, stony ne se

Corolla-tube much inflated dawarte 2c

Tribe 2. AsystastiIn=. Capsule with 4 seeds. Stamens 4:—

Sepals united at base for at least one-third of their length

Sepals nearly free at base :—

Capsule at base cylindric; seeds in the upper wider part :—

Anther-cells at equal height ..

One anther-cell below the other

Capsule conic; the 4 seeds near the base -

Tribe 3. Bartertin®. Capsule 2- to 4-seeded. Stamens 2,

fertile. Calyx large, 4-partite to the base. Anther-cells 2,

rounded at base. Pollen globose, reticulated. Corolla yellow,

1:25 in. long .. se : ae

Tribe 4. ERANTHEMINE. Gapenld 4- to 2-seeded. igemens 2.

Anther-cells 2, rounded at base. Corolla-tube linear; limb

subequally 5-fid, spreading BC sc

Tribe 5. Justicrinz. Capsule 4- to 2-seeded. Corolla dis.

_tinctly 2-lipped. Stamens2. Calyx small. subequally deeply

lobed. Seeds smooth or tuberculate, but without needle-like

hygroscopic hairs :—

Sect. 1. Monorurectem. Anthers 1-celled :—

Corolla 1:25 in. long, orange-red cc ae

Sect. 2. Typicm. Anthers 2-celled. The flower not ap-

pearing as though enclosed between two opposite bracts.

Placente in fruit not rising elastically from the base of the

capsule :—

14.

16.

24.

629

. HyGRopHILA.

. NOMAPHILA.

. STENOTHYRSUS.

. HEMIGRAPHIS.

. STROBILANTHES.

. ENDOPOGON.

. ACANTHOPALE.

ACANTHUS.

PHLOGACANTHUS.

. GYMNOSTACHYUM.

18.

ANDROGRAPHIS.

CYSTACANTHUS.

. PHIALACANTHUS.

. ASYSTASIA,.

. FIETIA.

. LEPIDAGATHIS.

. BARLERIA.

ERANTHEMUM.

5. CLINACANTHUS.

630 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

One anther-ceill below the other, tailed at .. 26. Justicta.

One anther-cell somewhat below the other, its base

rounded or acute, scarcely tailed :—

Corolla-tube broad. Shrub 5.5 .. 27. ADHATODA.

Corolla-tube linear; posticous lip small, euaaeell .. 28. RHINACANTHUS.

Anther-cells at ee or nearly equal height, not tailed :—

Corolla -3 to -7 in. long :—

Spikes, racemes, or panicles terminal .. .. 29, Lena.

Cymes small, axillary S24 at .. 380. PonyrREma.

Corolla 1:25 in. long :—

Corolla green-blue .. 52 ar .. 31. Ecpouium.

Corolla red 55 ts ie .. 82. GRAPTOPHYLLUM.

Sect. 3. Hyporstem. Flower appearing as though en-

closed between two bracts. Placente in fruit not rising

elastically :—

Anther-cells 2, one placed higher 5. .. 933, PERISTROPHE.

Anthers 1-celled a . 34. HyporstsEs.

Sect. 4. Sorurz. Placente rising in fait dlactignlie Hien

the base of the capsule, and throwing out the seeds :—

Flowers in spikes, with prominent bracts S: .. 85. RuNGIA.

1. THuNBERGIA, Linn. f.

(Character narrowed, as throughout Acanthacee, to the Malay Penin-

sula species. |

Twiners. Leaves petioled, opposite, subequal, undivided, often

toothed or lobed. Peduneles solitary, axillary, running into terminal

racemes, 7.é€. the upper floral leaves (or bracts) greatly reduced, incon-

spicuous or obsolete. Bracteoles (prophylla) large, often ‘5 in. long,

broad-oblong from a truncate base. Calyx of 8 to 14 small lanceolate

teeth, or obsolete (appears a mere rim). Corolla large; tube cylindric

or campanulate; limb of 5 subequal lobes, contorted in the bud.

Stamens 4, subsimilar; anther-cells 2, parallel, sometimes strongly

spurred at the base; pollen large (50 to 60 » in diam.), globose, smooth,

with faint spiral bands or strongly spinous. Ovary 2-celled, with 2

ovules in each cell; stigma of 2 equal, opposite, triangular lobes. Cap-

sule globose, with a-long oblong-linear: beak; seeds 4, or by suppression

3 to 2, hemispheric, excavate on the plane face, wrinkled on the spheric

face ; sessile, not held aloft on retinacula.—Distris. Species 100, in the

warm parts of the Old World; most numerous in Africa, extending to

Australia.

Sect. 1. Calyx a mere rim. Anther-cells spurred. Pollen

smooth :—

Leaves broad-oblong, entire or slightly toothed .. 1. T. laurifolia.

Leaves round-ovate, toothed or often lobed ae -. 2 L. grandiflora.

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 631

Sect. 2. Calyx of 8 to 12 teeth. Anther-cells not spurred.

Pollen spinous :-—

Petioles not winged. Corolla pure white sty A By SM AMOI ON

Petioles offen winged. Corolla yellow, with claret eye Bo tig Ih a

1. THUNBERGIA LAURIFOLIA, Lindl. in Gard. Chron. p. 260 (1856).

Seandent, up to 150 ft. long (Kurz). Leaves 3:5 by 1°5 in., broad-

oblong, wide at base, truncate or ovate, glabrous, sub-3-nerved, entire

or slightly toothed; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Peduneles axillary,

solitary, distant or more often running into terminal close racemes

2 to 5 in. long; bracteoles (prophylla) 1 in. long, oblong, usually

slightly pubescent. Calyx a mere rim. Corolla 2 in. long, blue or

blue and white; tube campanulate, only contracted for a very short

space at the base. Stamens 4, subsimilar ; filaments glabrous; anther-

cells with a rigid long spur at the base, fringed with many long pilose

hairs; pollen globose, large (50 » in diam.), smooth, with obscure

broad spiral bands. Prstil glabrous; the two stigmatic lobes sub-

opposite. Capsule globose, smooth, brown, ‘25 in. in diam., with 4 to

2 seeds; beak 1 to 1:25 in. long, oblong-linear. Seeds hemispheric,

cerebro-granular, excavated on the plane face. Hook. Bot. Mag.

t. 4985; Kurz For. Fl. II. 240; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind.

TY. 392; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893) Beibl. 41, pp. 41, 42, and

in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 292; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.

ser. 2, ITT. (1893) 332. TT. Harrisiz, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4998.

Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1170; Thoban Isle, Helfer; Goping,

King’s Collector 1064. Prrax: Wray 3145; Scortechint 2197; King’s

Collector 3030, 8418. Putau Manis: fide Ridley. PENANG and KEDAH:

Curtis —Distris. Northwards to Arracan.

2. THUNBERGIA GRANDIFLORA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 45 (1813 to

1814). Leaves ovate or rounded, 3 to 6 in. in diam., pubescent beneath,

palmately 5- to 7-nerved from the base, usually angular or lobed, rarely

nearly entire; otherwise as 7. lawrifolia. Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 34;

Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2366; Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 54 (with all syn.

except Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 67); Kurz For. Fl. Il. 240; C. B. Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 392; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893)

Beibl. 41, pp. 37, 39, and in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 292;

Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. (1890) 237; Prain Beng. Plants

796. Fleningia grandiflora, Rottler in Neue Schr. Gesell. Nat.

Freunde IV. (1803) 202.

SmncAPorE: Schomburgk 84.—Distr1p. Bengal to South China.

Perhaps Schomburgk’s specimen was from a cultivated plant.

This species runs excessively close to T. lauwrifolia, but Lindau has put T. grandi-

flora in a different Section because it has ‘flowers solitary, axillary.”’ The inflores-

632 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

cence is exactly the same in both species; in 7’. grandiflora the flowers are very

generally in terminal racemes, the upper bracts (floral leaves) being often only -25 to

‘5 in. long.

3. THUNBERGIA FRAGRANS, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 47 t. 67 (1795). Twining,

often 4 to 8 ft. long. Leaves 3 by 1 to 1°56 in., oblong or elliptic,

obtuse, rounded or hastate at base, nearly entire, nearly glabrous

or (in form javanica) pubescent, sub-3-nerved; petiole 25 to ‘5 in.

long. Peduneles 1 to 3 in. long, axillary, solitary, rarely two together ;

bracteoles (prophylla) -5 to ‘7 in. long, oblong-lanceolate. Calyx of

about 12 narrow-oblong teeth -15 in. long. Corolla white; tube °5 to

‘75 in. long, narrow-oblong, contracted at top and bottom; limb of

5 obovate, emarginate, spreading lobes. Stamens 4, in the corolla-tube,

glabrous; anthers not spurred; pollen globose (50 » in diam.), the

borders of the spiral bands carrying spines so long that the bands are

obscured. Prstil glabrous; the 2 stigmatic lobes opposite. Capsule

cuboid-globose, ‘4 in. in diam.; beak ‘8 in. long, oblong-linear. Seeds

4 (or by suppression fewer), hemispheric, cerebroid, granular, with

a hole in the plane face. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 56; Kurz For. Fl. II.

240; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 390 (with all syn.) ;

Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893) Beibl. 41, pp. 36, 38, and in Engi.

& Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 292; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.

ser. 2, IIT. (1893) 332, and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore

1900); Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. (1890) 237; Prain Beng.

Plants 795.

Pexan: fide Ridley. — Distr1s. Throughout India, extending to

Timor; Philippine Islands (Palawan, Bermejos 193).

Forma £ javanica (sp.), Gaertn. f. Fruct. III. (1805) 22 t. 183,

fig. 4; leaves beneath, petioles, and peduncles pubescent (in Wray

52, rufous shaggy). Blume Bijdr. 806; Moritzi! Verz. Zollinger

Pf. 46; Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 147.

SINGAPORE : Kunstler 25; Ulu Kenring, Wray 52. Kenan: Curtis.

—Disrris. Throughout Malaya to North Australia.

4. THUNBERGIA ALATA, Sims Bot. Mag. t. 2591 (1825). Villous.

Leaves cordate-ovate, subentire ; petioles 1 to 2 in. long, often winged.

Corolla yellow or nearly white; tube with a dark claret mouth, exactly

cylindric, twice as thick as that of J. fragrans, otherwise resembling

T. fragrans. Bojer Hort. Maurit. 259 (1837); Hook. Exot. Fl. III.

t. 177, Bot. Mag. t. 3512; Kurz For. Fl. II. 240; C. B. Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 491; Lindau in Engl. Jahrb. XVII. (1893) Beibl.

41, 37, 40, and in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 292; Burkill in

Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. V. 9,16; Prain Beng. Plants 795; Ridley in Journ.

As. Soe. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 633

Sincapore: Kunstler 151; Deschamps.—Distrip. Native in warm

Africa and Mascarenia, a common plant; runs wild as a weed in India

and South-East Asia.

2. Neusonra, R. Br.

A diffuse herb. Leaves opposite, subequal. Flowers small, in dense

small spikes; bracts spiral or alternate (not opposite). Calyx small,

sub-4-lobed. Corolla-tube slender; limb 2-lipped. Stamens 2; anthers

2-celled, subincluded in the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled; ovules about

8 in each, arranged vertically in two rows on the double placental line

in each cell. Capsule ovoid-conic, with 8 to 16 seeds in the basal half ;

retinacula 0.—Distris. Species 1, in warm parts of Africa, India,

Australia, America.

N.B.—This plant is often sorted amongst ScrRopHULARIACE# ; nor does it differ

except by the arrangement of the ovules and seeds in one vertical line on the margin

of the carpellary leaf.

1. Netsonia CAMPESTRIS, R. Br. Prodr. 481 (1810). Prostrate,

hairy; branches often 12 to 18 in. long. Leaves of stem 2 to 3 in. long,

oblong or obovate, nearly entire, long-petioled or nearly sessile; basal

leaves often 6 in. long. Flowers in small heads, ‘5 in. in diam.;

terminal or on axillary peduncles which lengthen out in fruit to 2 to

3 in.; bracts ovate, 15 in. long; bracteoles very small. Calyx ‘125 in.

long, 2-lipped; one lip deeply 3-fid, the other shortly 2-fid. Corolla

‘15 in. long, rose or white. Pzstel glabrous; style shortly 2-fid.

Stamens 2; anther of 2 ellipsoid cells half-divergent; pollen globose,

25 p in diam., subtetrahedral (almost as in Scrophulariacee). Capsule

"15 in. long; seeds ellipsoid, brown, granular. Endl. Iconogr. t. 79;

Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 543; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

394 (with all syn.); Burkill in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 28; Prain Beng.

Plants 797. N. tomentosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. (1832)

ioe Nees. in DC. Prodr. XV. 65; Miq. EV. Ind. Bat. 10." 770. .N.

brunelloides, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 493; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl

Pflanzenfam. IV. 3 B, 289, t. 110, fig. c.

Kepan: Ridley 8312. Prnana: Curtis 50, 1750; Deschamps.

Pauane: Ridley 2181—Duistr1. In warm regions of both hemi-

spheres.

The innovations are often densely white-hairy; there are also often long white

hairs at the base of the flower. The var. 8 vestita, of Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 395 (which has

large leaves, up to 8 to 10 in. long, on the branches), is frequent in Lower Burma, but

there is no example of it from the Malay Peninsula.

634 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

3. STAUROGYNE, Wall.

Undershrubs, 6 to 24 in. (rarely 3 to 4 ft.) high, at base often

woody, creeping, hairy (in S. swbhglabra nearly glabrous). Leaves

opposite, equal, simple, entire; petioles usually long, rarely short, -25 to

‘) in. Flowers in spikes (or spike-like racemes, the pedicels up to

‘15 in.), dense or lax; the spikes sometimes panicled. Bract usually a

little longer than the calyx, sometimes considerably broader ; two pro-

phylla (often alternate), linear or nearly linear, a little shorter than the

bract. Calyx :15 to ‘6 in. long, divided nearly to the base into 5 narrow

persistent segments (often called sepals); of these one is often longer

and sometimes much broader than the others. Corolla ‘5 to 1 in. long,

tubular-campanulate, rather narrow ; limb of 5 short rounded segments

(often colorate). Stamens 4 didynamous, fertile; filaments sparsely

hairy, and with gland-tipped hairs near the top; anthers of 2 ellipsoid

cells, ultimately divaricate; pollen globose, with three longitudinal

bands not reaching the poles, 25 to 30 » in diam. Ovary oblong,

surrounded at base by a disk, glabrous or rarely with minute scattered

hairs; style long, sometimes with a few hairs in the lower part;

branches 2, unequal. Capsule oblong, -2 to ‘25 in. long, ovoid at base,

acute at top, glabrous or sometimes slightly minutely hairy, 2-celled,

separating loculicidally into 2 valves, bearing seeds from the base;

seeds 12 to 20 in each capsule, in vertical rows on the edges of the

carpellary leaves. Seeds attached on very small papille, not on

retinacula, short-ellipsoid, 400 » long, yellow-brown ultimately black,

smooth, more or less reticulate, minutely pitted—Distrisp. Species 40

in South-East Asia, 10 in Brazil.

Some of the Brazil species have flowers and capsules considerably larger than in

the Asiatic species. The Asiatic species are so uniform in the corolla, stamens, and

pistil—even down to the hairs thereon—that these are not described for the subjoined

Malay species, which are separated mainly by characters of the bracts and calyx.—

The posticous stigmatic lobe (both in the type species S. argentea, and in some

others) is occasionally somewhat 2-lobed.

Calyx °3 to ‘7 in. long :—

Sepals awned or with a stiff mucro :—

Fruit-spikes 1 to 2 in. long :—

Spike in fruit ovoid ; leaves 2°5 in. long ac .. L. S. setigera.

Spike in fruit oblong; leaves up to 4 to 5 in. long

Fruit-spikes 2 to 3°5 in. long :—

. lanceolata.

Awn of sepals with long several-celled hairs. . .. 38. S. malaccensis.

Awn of sepals hardly microscopically scabrid .. 4. S. angustifolia.

Fruit-spikes 4 to 10 in. long :—

Awn of sepals hardly microscopically hairy.. .. 95. S. Kingiana.

Awn of sepals with short spreading hairs .. .. 6. S. longifolia.

Flora of the Malayan Pemmnsula. 635

Sepals acute, hardly awned :—

Leaves at tip acute or subacute :—

Spikes in fruit rather dense, often recurved .. .. 1%. S. comosa.

Inflorescence of one poor terminal panicle .. .. 8. S. pauper.

Spikes in fruit long, very lax, panicled :—

Bracts and calyx with short hairs : .. 9. S. elongata.

Bracts and calyx viscous, with gland- tinned hairs .. 10. S. lasiobotrys.

Leaves at tip rounded ; bracts elliptic, obtuse . .. ll. S. Griffithiana.

Sepals with linear obtuse tip :—

Leaves elliptic obtuse ; sepals hairy te .. 12. S. arcuata.

Leaves lanceolate-acute; sepals glabrous a .. 13. S. subglabra.

Calyx °125 to :175 in. long :—

Corolla ‘6 in. long :—

Leaves with triangular obtuse tip, upper surface pubescent 14. S. merguensis.

Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, upper surface glabrate .. 15. S. racemosa.

Corolla 1 in. long be ate Ae .. 16. S. macrantha.

Corolla -75 in. long; leaves serrulate a .. 17. S. serrulata.

1. SrauroGyNE sETIGERA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). A

weak herb, 4 to 12 in. long, often branched or decumbent. Stem

pubescent, usually rusty upwards. Leaves 2:5 by ‘75 to 1 in.; tip

triangular; base ovate or cuneate; mature nearly glabrous on both

surfaces; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long. Inflorescence of one terminal

sessile head (a second on a short axillary peduncle sometimes added),

ovoid, dense, ‘5 to ‘6 in. in diam., in fruit lengthening out to 1 in.,

rarely to 15 in. Sepals linear, very slightly unequal, the longest one

‘4 in. long, linear, scarcely linear lanceolate ; its awn with many patent

short hairs, and also long several-celled scattered hairs, but no gland-

headed hairs. Corolla -6 in. long, from purple-pink to pink-white,

nearly glabrous without in the bud. Ovary glabrous; style base with a

few hairs. Capsule ‘2 in. long. Hbermaiera setigera, Nees in DC.

Prodr. XI. 76; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 451 (1867) ; C. B.

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 398; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.,

ser. 2, IIT. 332 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).

EH. trichocephala, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 774. EH. subcaprtata, C. B.

Clarke in Bot. Tidskr. XXIV. 348 (Kjobenhaven 1902). Adenosma

ulaginosa var. 8 erecta, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 70; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 771 partly (not of R. Br.).

Manacca: Cuming 2355. PrraK: Scortechint; Wray 1878; Larut

Perak, 500 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 2192. Gorina: King’s Collector

1132. Panane: Ridley 2178 (partly). Srnancor: Curtis 2363; Kota

Glanggi, fide Aidley.—Distris. Common in Sumatra, also in Java,

Borneo, Siam.

The dried specimens of this species are dusky green, often obscurely red-brown

at top, the leaves sometimes whitened beneath. Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. II.

636 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

78 (1870), united the three species, S. setigera, S. argentea, and S. lanceolata; they

are undoubtedly very closely allied.

2. STAUROGYNE LANCEOLATA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891).

Stem 6 to 14 in. high, erect, woody, undivided. Leaves 4 to 5 by ‘6 to

1 in. (or smaller), lanceolate or generally narrow-lanceolate, nearly

glabrate on both surfaces. Inflorescence 1 in. long, in fruit 15 to 2 in.

long, less dense than that of EH. setigera, Nees. Bracts, prophylla, and

calyx as of EH. setigera, the longest sepal a trifle broader, linear-

lanceolate at base. Corolla hairy without in the bud. Adenosma

lanceolatum, Blume Bijdr. 756. Hbermazera lanceolata, Hassk. Cat.

Hort. Bogor. 147; Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 76; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

774 (not of C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TY. 397). #. longi-

folia, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, Bot. III. 332 (1893).

PawanGc: Fidley 2177, 2178 (partly). Mawacca: Derry 23.—

Distris. Java (Zollinger 591).

3. STAUROGYNE MALACCENSIS, C. B. Clarke. Herbaceous, 4 to 8 in.

high, often branched. Stem hairy, often rusty at top, carrying 1 to 4,

sometimes 8, spikes. Leaves up to 4 by 1 in., elliptic-lanceolate; base

cuneate; mature with nearly glabrate surfaces; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long.

Heads 1 to 1:5 in. long, dense, in fruit lengthening to 2 to 3:8 in., lax,

sometimes interrupted at base. Bracis oblong or elliptic-oblong,

conspicuous, somewhat persistent. Sepals ‘4 in. long, conspicuously

unequal, the larger one lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,

hardly awned, the other 4 nearly linear; tips of all the sepals with

many, short, patent hairs and scattered, long, several-celled hairs.

Corolla -6 in. long, nearly glabrous without. Ovary with scattered

minute gland-tipped hairs in the upper half, which remain till the

seeds are quite ripe. Hbermaera argentea, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI.

76 (partly); T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 451 (1867). . lan-

ceolata, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 397 (exclud. syn.)

(not of Nees). H. Stawrogyne, T. Anders. MS. in hb. Calcutta (not of

Nees).

Kepau and Kasoom: Curtis. Prnane: Curtis 1931. Manacca:

Griffith 189; Ridley 1636. Province WeELuLEstEY: Ridley 6198.—

DistRis. Java; Tenasserim.

The type Staurogyne argentea, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 80 t. 186 (1831), is the

common Khasia species, remote from the present, but (as Wallich says) very near

S. angustifolia, Wallich. Staurogyne argentea, O. Kuntze (and of Lindau), includes

probably S. argentea and S. angustifolia, but not S. malaccensis.

4, STAUROGYNE ANGUSTIFOLIA, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 81 (1831).

Stem 8 to 12 in. long, suberect, little divided, hairy, almost woody at

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 637

the base. Leaves glabrate on the surface; blade 3 to 4 by ‘7 to 1 in.,

lanceolate, mostly narrowly lanceolate (but see the var. below), base

attenuate, tip triangular, subacute; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Spikes

terminal and on short axillary peduncles, in flower ovoid or ellipsoid,

dense, in fruit often 2 to 3 in. long. Braci narrow-oblong, aristate,

with long hairs in the lower part. Calyx unequal, the largest sepal

‘6 in. long, the base narrow-lanceolate, with long hairs; the awn long,

somewhat rigid, glabrous or with minute bristles (less than 40 p long) ;

the other 4 sepals nearly linear. Corolla ‘6 in. long, hairy without.

Capsule -2 in. long, thicker than in the neighbouring species. _ S.

argentea, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 partem (1891) (not of Wall.).

Ebermmera angustefolia, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 451 (1867) ;

C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 398; Prain Beng. Plants 798.

EH. Stawrogyne B angustifolia, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 75.

Perak: Fudley 9766; Curtis. Matacca: Goodenough 1689.—

Distris. Mergui (Falconer 860), Tavoy (Wallich 4906).

T. Anderson has written ‘‘ HZ. angustifolia’’ on Falconer 860; but his name

‘‘angustifolia” (as well as Wallich 4906) may include other nearly allied forms.

The true E. Stawrogyne, Nees, is a Khasia species, in which the bract and sepals

have no long several-celled hairs. This-plant is put with S. longifolia, not with

E.* Staurogyne, by collectors. The leaves in all the examples seen have dried

brown-red.

5. StauROGYNE Kinerana, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stems 2 to 3 ft.

high, pubescent. Leaves glabrous; blade up to 84 by 2 to 3 in., elliptic,

narrowed at either end; main nerves 12 to 15 pair; petioles 1 to 2 in.

long. Sprkes 3 to 6 on a stem, terminal and on short axillary peduncles,

4 to 10 in. long, undivided, dense even in fruit. SBract linear, ‘8 in.

long. Sepals 5, nearly equal, linear, longest up to °75 in. long, very little

dilated at the base, sparsely hairy at base, glabrous or minutely scabrous

in the upper half. Corolla 1 in. long, ‘‘yellowish-white, lower lip pale

red ”’ (collector’s note), glabrous without. Stamens and pollen of the

genus. Pustil glabrate. Capsule -2 in. long, rather thick; the endocarp

much thickened, almost corky. Allied to S. angustifolia, T. Anders.

PERAK: on limestone hills, 500 to 800 ft. alt., Kzng’s Collector

10704; Goenong Panti, King’s Collector 208. Panane: Ridley 2176.

6. STAUROGYNE LONGIFOLIA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Sub-

erect, 8 to 30 in. high, hairy. Stem (in large examples) woody, robust

below, and with erect branches. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface ;

blade 5 by 1 in., lanceolate, attenuate at either end (in the type example,

but the leaves are frequently longer, and there are examples with shorter,

broader leaves); petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long. Spikes short-peduncled at

the end of branches and in the axils, short-oblong (often nodding) when

638 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

young, in fruit 2 to 5in. long, somewhat dense, erect. Bract and calyx

softly hairy, without long, fine, several-celled hairs; bract narrow-

lanceolate, aristate, ‘6 in. long; sepals all linear, the longest one °5 in.

long, including its awn ‘16 in. long, the awn hairy to the tip with

spreading hairs varying in length, but all short. Corolla long, hairy

without,; tube nearly white, segments and mouth pink to purple. Pustzl

glabrate. Stamens and pollen of the genus. Capsule -2 in. long.

Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 33, 288. Hbermaiera long-

folta, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 76; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX.

451 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 399; Ridley in

Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III. 332 (1893).

Mauacca: Cunung 2350; Lemann; Griffith (K.D.) 6079; Hulleti

403. PrraKk: Scortechint 155; Wray 13802; Ridley 1604; alt. 300

to 800 ft., Kong's Collector 5821, 8678. Srnancor: fudley 7590.

Neari Sempinan: RAedley 10098. Panane: Tahan, fide Ridley.

This species is very close both to S. angustifolia and to S. comosa; the former

differs by having the awns of the sepals glabrous or microscopically scabrous ; the

latter differs in that the sepals have lanceolate-linear soft tips, hardly awns.

7. STAUROGYNE comosa, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Stem

1 to 3 ft. high, almost woody below, hairy. Leaves: blade up ‘to

8 by 3 to 3°65 in., cuneate at either end; upper surface glabrous, ob-

scurely minute-granular-tuberculate ; petiole 1 to 25 in. Spokes short,

peduncled, undivided, dense, in flower 1 to 4 in. long, nodding, in

fruit up to 5 to 7d°in. long, often deflexed, rather dense (scarcely

interrupted at base), softly hairy. Bract and sepals softly hairy, with

long several-celled hairs; bract -4 in. long in Wallich’s type (often longer),

lanceolate-acuminate, point linear (hardly awned), with soft white hairs;

sepals 3 in. long in Wallich’s type (often longer), the longest (wider than

the others) lanceolate with a linear soft-hairy tip. Corolla in the bud

densely clothed with deflexed hairs without. Pistil glabrous. Stamens

and pollen of the genus. Capsule -2 in. long. Lindau in Engl. &

Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 288. Ruellaa ? comosa, Wall. Cat. 2414.

Hbermaiera axillaris, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 80, and in DC. Prodr.

XI. 75; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 399.

Penana: Wallach 2414. Perak: Scortechim 777; Wray 2192;

Fiudley 2893; 500 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 10705; Lartt, 100 ft.,

King’s Collector 1834. Srnancor: (fdley) 7589, 8543, 10546. |

King’s Collector notes the calyx ‘‘ velvety claret-coloured,” the corolla ‘ blue-

white, darker inside.” The corolla seems caducous, as the large well-collected

material provides buds and fruit only. The type examples of Wallich from Penang

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 639

are unusually small specimens. This species is generally distinguishable from EH.

longifolia, Nees, by its much broader (elliptic) leaves.

8. STAUROGYNE PAUPER, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 18 in. long, un-

divided, glabrate, decumbent, woody at base. Leaves glabrate, with few

scattered, white, adpressed bristles on the upper surface; blade 4:5 by

2 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, acute; base cuneate; petiole -25

to ‘din. long. Inflorescence of one terminal poor panicle, 3 by 14 in.,

with few distant flowers; bracts ‘5 in. long, linear, soft, not awned.

Sepals subequal, ‘5 in. long, linear, with soft hairs and many gland-

tipped hairs. Corolla ‘6 in. long, pubescent without, “‘ pale yellow with

dark stripes” (King’s Collector). Pustal of Stawrogyne, glabrous except

a few small hairs in the lower part of the style.

PERAK: alt. 200 ft., Kong’s Collector 2832.

9. STAUROGYNE ELONGATA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Slightly

hairy. Leaves glabrate; blade 6 by 2 in., oblong-elliptic, cuneate at

either end; nerves 8 to 10 pair, thin; petiole 2 to 3 in. long. Spikes up

to 4 to 7 by 1 in., panicled, lax; pedicels often -175 in. long, with

alternate prophylla. Sracts nearly ‘d in. long, lanceolate-linear, with

short white hairs, no gland-tipped hairs. Sepals 5, linear, the longest

nearly ‘5 in. long, slightly widened at base. Corolla (buds) °4 in. long,

scarcely pubescent without. Capsule -2 in. long, the upper half with scat-

tered minute hairs. Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 288.

Adenosma elongatum, Blume Bijdr. 757. Hrythracanthus elongatus, Nees

in DC. Prodr. XI. 78, var. 6 excl. Hbermaiera elongata, Nees in DC.

Prodr. XI. 721, var. 6 excl.; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452

(1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 400 (not of Miquel).

Penane: Wallich (fide T. Anderson).—Distrip. Java.

The var. 8 of Miquel (here excluded) is Ebermaiera debilis, T. Anders. (in Journ.

Linn. Soc. IX. 452, in note (1867) ), a weak Philippine species. H. elongata, Miquel

(Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 775), was (so Miquel says) = H. Griffithiana, T. Anders.; and, from

Miquel’s description, it must have been largely (or wholly) that species. As to L.

subpaniculata, Hassk. (Retzia I. 77 (1855) ), there are now here examples both of the

Salak wild plant and of that cultivated at Buitenzorg; they may be varieties of

E. elongata, Nees, but do not match it. The above description of EH. elongata, Nees,

is wholly from the Java type plant ; no example from Penang has been seen.

10. STAUROGYNE LAsIopoTRys, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Stem

18 to 20 in., suberect, hairy. Leaves glabrate ; blade 5 by 1°5 in., oblong

or elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate at either end, thin; petiole 1 to 3 in.

long. Spikes up to 4 to 6 by 1 in., panicled, lax, softly viscous-hairy ;

pedicels often -16in. long. Bracts -35 in. long, linear, with several-celled

hairs ended by a coloured gland. Sepals 5, linear, the longest -35 in,

640 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long, with several-celled gland-tipped hairs. Corolla, stamens, capsule

as of S. elongata. Hbermazera lasiobotrys, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 721;

Wall. Cat. 9084 ; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867) ;

C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 400. |

' Perak: Curtis 13850; Kang’s Collector 8370 (“Flower dark-red tipped

with pink’’); Larut, 500 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector 2292. Smnancor:

Ffiidley 7588.—Distris. Moulmein, Mergui, Tavoy.

11. SraurRoGyNE GRIFFITHIANA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891).

Stem 4 to 8 in. long, creeping at base. Leaves (mature) shortly rather

dense hairy on the upper face; blade 5:5 by 3 in. in Griffith’s type

(often smaller), roundly elliptic, very obtuse ; base rounded or cordate

(but cuneate in many examples); petiole ‘5 to 2in. long. Inflorescence

simple or branched ; main spike 6 in. long in Griffith’s type, lax, only

slightly hairy. Bracts up to ‘5 in. long, elliptic, rounded, obtuse at top.

Sepals 5, the longest -4 in. long, linear; tip linear-acute, not awned,

with sparse short several-celled hairs not gland-tipped. (In the Perak

example the sepals are linear-ligulate-obtuse at the tip.) Corolla -6 in.

long, white, rarely tinged pink. Capsule :2in. long. Hrythracanthus

Griffithianus, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 78. H. obtusus, Wight Ic. t. 1491

(not of Nees). Hbermaiera Griffithiana, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe.

TX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 400; Ridley

in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, IIT. 332 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc.

Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). ZH. elongata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IL. 775

(mainly).

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6078; Goodenough 1509. SinGaporE:

Ridley; Hullett 618; G. King. Panane: Ridley 2175. Prax:

alt. 600 to 1000 ft., Scortechint 40; King’s Collector 10335. Panane:

at Tahan, fide Rzdley.

12. StauroGyNE arcuata, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 4 to 8 in. long,

villous, woody, creeping. Leaves with scattered hairs above or glabrate ;

blade 4:5 by 2°5 in., ovate elliptic, tip triangular obtuse; base cuneate or

sometimes rounded; petiole °5 to 1:5 in. long. Spzrkes often 2 or 3,

lax, 2 to 4 in. long, arcuate in fruit; bracts linear or sublanceolate,

‘5 in. long, hairy. Sepals subequal, ‘5 in. long, linear or very narrow-

ligulate, hairy, tip subobtuse. Corolla ‘6 in. long, pubescent without,

red (Wray). Capsule :2 in. long.

Perak: Scortechim 456, 728; Wray 48, 694; Rdley 2892.

13. STaAvROGYNE suBGLABRA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous.

Stem 6 to 12 in. Leaves glabrous, the upper surface sometimes ob-

scurely puberulous ; blade 4:5 by 1 to 1:25 in., lanceolate or broad-lanceo-

late, subacute; base cuneate; petiole 5 to 1 in. long. Spzrkes often 2 to

4, very loose, up to 3 to 5 in. long; the rachis microscopically scabrous ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 641

bracts ‘5 in. long, linear, or the lower ones oblong. Sepals subequal,

‘5 in. long, linear, or scarcely oblong-linear, subobtuse, glabrous, almost

shining. Corolla ‘6 in. long, very white (King’s Collector). Capsule

‘2 in. long.

Perak: Scortechint 5386, 406; Ridley 5514; Curtis, alt. 3500 to

4000 ft.; King’s Collector 8427.

This species is very similar to H. arcuata in allessential points; the two characters

of hairy sepals with elliptic obtuse leaves, and glabrous sepals with lanceolate leaves,

are, however, concomitant throughout the ample material.

14, STAUROGYNE MERGUENSIS, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891).

Stem 4 to 8 in. long, creeping at base, pubescent. Leaves minutely

pubescent on the upper surface; blade up to 5 by 2°5 in. (much smaller

in Helfer’s type); tip obtusely triangular ; base nearly always cordate ;

petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Sprkes usually peduncled, often paniculate, 2

to 3 in. long, very lax, thin. Bracts scarcely ‘26 in. long, linear-lanceo-

late or linear. Sepals 5, subequal, united at the base, 125 to 176 in.

long, linear, hispid. Corolla ‘6 in. long, light blue or violet and white,

pubescent without. Capsule :25 in. long. Hbermasera merquenstis,

T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 402.

Perak: Wray 3966; Scortechina 285, 1356, alt. 400 to 600 ft. ;

King’s Collector 8284; Wray 4158. Trana: Goldham. Kepau: Curtis.

—Distris. Mergui.

This species in habit much resembles £. incana, and there is little to separate it

except the small bracts; the hairs on the upper surface of the mature leaves are

similar but smaller.

15. STAUROGYNE RACEMOSA, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 497 (1891). Stem

1 to 2 ft. high, pubescent, creeping at base. Leaves glabrate, usually

drying a red-brown ; blade 4 by 1:25 in., broadly lanceolate, acuminate

at either end; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Spzkes usually peduncled,

simple or panicled, pubescent, up to 3 to 5 in. long, very lax; pedicels

distant, exceedingly short ; bracts lanceolate, hairy, 175 in. long. Calyx

of 5 equal lanceolate lobes, :175 in. long. Corolla -6 in. long, white,

tipped rose or purplish, pubescent without. Capswle -2 in. long, broad-

oblong. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 452 (1867); C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 401; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.

IV. 338, 288. Ruellia racemosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 42. Hbermaiera

racemosa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 775. Erythracanthus racemosus, Nees

in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 80, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 78.

Penane: Wallich 2336; Stoliczka; Deschamps; Hullett 124; Maingay

(K.D.) 1173; alt. 2000 ft., Keng’s Collector; Curtis 406. Matacca:

642 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Griffith. StneaporE: Walker 197. InprRaceri: Curtis. — Disrris.

Moulmein.

16. StTavROGYNE MACRANTHA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem 3 to 4 ft.

long, villous. Leaves glabrous, with a very few remote hairs on the

upper surface; blade 4:5 by 1:75 in., elliptic-lanceolate, subacute; base

cuneate; petiole -25 to 1 in. long, villous. Pedwncles two, penultimate,

3 in. long, villous, carrying small few-flowered panicles; bracts -2 in.

long, linear, very hairy. Sepals subequal, ‘175 in. long, linear, very

hairy. Corolla 1 in. long, pubescent without.

PERAK: at Lartt, alt. 4500 to 5000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 2417.

17. STAUROGYNE SERRULATA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem elongate,

villous upwards. Leaves 4 to 5 by 1:75 in., elliptic, acuminate at either

end; margin closely serrulate; both surfaces slightly pubescent ; petiole

‘dD to 1 in. long, villous. Peduncles 4, from the penultimate axils, 4 in.

long, villous; inflorescence 12- to 18-flowered, lax, pubescent; bracts

hardly -125 in. long, linear. Calyx -125 in. long. Corolla ‘75 in. long,

white, nearly straight, but the pedicels bent close under the calyx, so

as to bring the corollas horizontal. :

Perak: Ulu Batang Padang, Wray 1599; Scortechant.

4. CARDANTHERA, Voigt.

Herbs. Leaves opposite; upper toothed, rarely entire; lower fre-

quently pinnatifid. Flowers in axillary clusters (in non-Malayan species

running into terminal inflorescences); bracts and prophylla often

obscure or 0. Sepals narrow, often unequal. Corolla nearly straight ;

tube shorter than the calyx ; limb 2-lipped; lobes contorted in the bud.

Stamens 4, fertile; anther-cells oblong; pollen globose, small, with

numerous striz converging to the poles. Capsule sessile, narrow, seed-

bearing from the base. Seeds 30 to 100, on small, straight, conic, soft

funicles, hardly to be called retinacula (2. e. curved, rigid, pointed),

glabrous or slightly glandular, 7. e. not clothed with hygroscopic hairs.—

Distris. Species about 8 in India, 2 in Africa.

This genus should, according to Slater, be placed in the same Subfamily with

Staurogyne, the pollen being identical in the two genera.

CARDANTHERA TRIFLORA, Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 482 (1845). Pube-

scent, decumbent. ranches up to 1 ft. long. Leaves ovate, crenate-

serrate, the lower (when in water) often pinnatifid. Flowers 1 to 3 in

the axils; bracts ‘3 to 35 in. long, obovate; prophylla -25 in. long, oblong.

Sepals linear, unequal, about as long as the bract. Corolla °35 to °5 in.

long, purple and white. Capsule :25 to ‘35 in., pubescent; style thinly

hairy. C, B, Clarke in Hook, f, Fl, Br, Ind, IV, 405, Auellia triflora,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 643

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46, and Fl. Ind. III. 52. Adenosma triflora, Nees

in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ITI. 79, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 68; T. Anders. in

Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 454 (1867).

SINGAPORE : fide C. B. Clarke (in Hook. f. /. c.) —Distris. Abundant

in Bengal, extending to Pegu.

I do not find now in the Kew Herbarium any example of this from Singapore ; it

is nearly sure to grow in the Malay Peninsula.

5. Hyeropuina, R. Br.

Herbs, attaining 1 to 5 ft. high, more or less hairy. Stems quad-

rangular. Leaves opposite, equal, entire or crenate; the upper surface

full of rhaphides. lowers in continuous spikes or axillary clusters.

Calyx -25 to °d in. long, with 5 acute teeth, the lower half tubular in the

bud, often with 5 lines of very thin tissue, and split deeply in the

fruit; or 4-fid in H. spinosa. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped ; lower lip

trifid, the middle segment broader, emarginate. Stamens 4, didy-

namous, subsimilar, fertile (except in H. polysperma, where the two

lower are filaments only or nearly obsolete); filaments glabrous or

nearly so; anthers of two parallel subequal muticous cells ; pollen

globose, 15 to 35 » in diam., with 12 to 18 longitudinal ribs. Ovary

oblong, with 8 to 80 ovules; upper part of ovary and style more or less

hairy ; style with one linear branch, the other reduced to a small rudi-

ment. Capsule :25 to ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong, seed-bearing from the

base ; seeds 8 to 80, ovoid, flat, 50 » in diam., brown, nearly smooth on

faces, shaggy, with hygroscopic hairs on margin.—DistRis. Species

40, in the warmer parts of the globe; these fall into three well-marked

subgenera, the species of each of which are so closely allied as to be

esteemed subspecies only by some competent botanists.

Subgenus 1. HemrapELpuis (genus), Nees. Unarmed. Flowers

in terminal spikes :— _

Fertile stamens 2 :—

Bracts oblong or elliptic, as long as the calyx 1. H. polysperma.

Subgenus 2. HunyeropHina. Unarmed. Flowers in distant aril

lary clusters :—

Leaves lanceolate acute or linear :—

Flowers in dense axillary clusters .. .. 2. H. angustifolia.

Axillary clusters small, often 3- to 1- flowered .. 3. H. saxatilis.

Leaves obovate or oblong, triangular or obtuse th tip :—

Leaves oblong, all sessile or nearly so aC .. 7. H. subsessilis.

Leaves, or at least lower leaves, petioled :—

Corolla -25 to 35 in. long Si as .. 5. H. meianthos.

644 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla ‘5 to °8 in. long :—

Capsule -75 to ‘Sin. long. Calyx sparingly hispid .. 4. H. quadrivalvis.

Capsule ‘7 in. long. Calyx densely hispid . «. 6. H. phlomoides.

Subgenus 3. AsTeRAcANTHA (genus), Nees. Each whorl of axillary

flowers with some strong spines, often an inch long, round it :—

Leaves sessile. Corollalin.long .. oe .. 8. H. spinosa.

1. HyGropHinA POLYSPERMA, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX.

456 (1867). Small, procumbent, divided, sparingly pubescent. Leaves

1 by ‘d in., oblong or elliptic, nearly entire; base narrowed or shortly

petioled; upper surface full of rhaphides. Spzkes terminal, 1 to 2:5 in.

long, rather dense; bracts -25 to ‘35 in., elliptic; prophylla -25 in.,

lanceolate. Calyx °25 in., divided nearly to the base; segments 5,

linear, pubescent. Corolla -35 in. long, slender, pubescent, pale blue

or white. Stamens 2; the two posticous filaments without anthers,

sometimes nearly obsolete; anther-cells 2, oblong; pollen 25 » in diam.,

globose, with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs.’ Ovary hairy towards the top;

style hairy; stigma of one linear and one suppressed branch. Capsule

‘25 to °35 in. long, oblong, hairy towards the top. Seeds 20 to 32,

orbicular, 40 to 50 » in diam., flattened, brown, shaggy on the margin

with hygroscopic hairs. Boiss. Fl. Orient. ITV. 519; C. B. Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 406; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.

IV. 38, 297; Prain Beng. Plants 801. Justicia polysperma, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 3, and Fl. Ind. 1.119. Hemiadelphis polysperma, Nees in

Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 80, and in DC. Prodr. XI.80; Wight Ill. t. 1648,

fig. 3, and Ic. t. 1492; Griff. Notul. TV. 135; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 776.

Mauacca: Griffith—DistTR1sp. Common throughout India; Kabul ;

Tonkin.

2. HyGROPHILA ANGUSTIFOLIA, R. Brown Prodr. 479 (1810). Stems

2 ft. high, often decumbent at base. Leaves -3 by ‘7 in., lanceolate,

attenuate at either end, subentire, glabrate; upper surface with many

rhaphides; petiole -25 in., sometimes ‘5 in. long. Flowers in distant

axillary dense clusters; bract ‘25 to 35 in. long, elliptic; prophylla

scarcely ‘25 in. long. “Calyx :35 to ‘5 in. long; lobes in flower hardly

half as long as the tube, triangular-linear, densely clothed with

conspicuous rhaphides, sparsely hispid or nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5

to ‘7 in. long, pale purple. Stamens 4, fertile ; anther-cells 2, oblong,

muticous, at equal height; filaments glabrous; pollen 25 » in diam.,

globose, with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs. Style hairy; stigma of the

genus. Capsule ‘d to ‘7 in. long, a little exceeding the calyx, 20- to

28-seeded. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 91; Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 545 ;

Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III. 333 (1893). 4. saletfolia,

Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 81, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 92; Wight

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 645

Ic. t. 1490; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 407; Hemsl.

in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 237 (1890); Lindau in Engl. & Prantl

Pflanzenfam. IV. 33, 297; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121

(Singapore 1900); Prain Beng. Plants 801. H. lancea, Mig. in Ann.

Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 123 (1865-66). Ruellia salicifolia, Vahl.

Symb. ITI. 84; Roxb. FI. Ind. IIT. 50.

SELANGOR: Curtis 2365. Panana: Ridley 1213. PrxKan and

Kenantan: fide Ridley—Distrie. From South India to China and

Japan.

The description above is taken from Wall. Cat. 23734, which is Nees’ ‘‘ type”

of Hygrophila salicifolia. The Selangor example differs from this in having the

capsules ‘8 in. long, in which point it resembles H. quadrivalvis, Nees, below.

T. Anderson esteemed the whole of the species in the present section to constitute

but one polymorphic species (Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 456 (1867)). They are described

here shortly only, with reference to their differences from H. salicifolia, Nees, taken

as the standard form.

3. HyGROPHILA SAXATILIS, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, IIT.

333 (1893). Small, rigid, branched, 6 to 14 in. high. Leaves approxi-

mated, 1 to 1:5 by -175 to -2 in., linear, entire, nearly glabrous.

Flowers in small axillary clusters, usually only 3 to 1 together. Corolla

‘35 tod in. long, hardly smaller than that of H. salicifolia, white

without, violet within. H. pusilla, Blume Bijdr. 804 ?

Pawane: Fizdley 2179. Perak: Scortechinz; alt. 300 ft.; Wray

3319, 3489; Curtis.— DistRip. Ceylon (Thwaites 3109); Borneo;

Philippines.

4. HYGROPHILA QUADRIVALVIS, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 80

(1832). Stems stout, often 3 to 4 ft. long. Leaves with an obovate tri-

angular or obtuse tip; obovate rather than lanceolate, often crenulated

in the upper half. Calyx exactly as of H. saliczfolia. Corolla-7 to’8 in. long.

Capsule ‘75 to -8 in. long, often numerous in the whorl, very erect.

Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 89; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

408; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900); Prain

Beng. Plants 801, 802. H. obovata, Wight Ic. t. 1489.

Penane : Deschamps; Curtis 1757; Durian $.B., King’s Collector 368

(flowers white). Manacca: Griffith; Maingay 1979 (Kew 1178).

SincaPporE: Lobb 57; Kurz; Hullett 231. Perak: Scortechini 64,

84, in salt swamps; Wray 2506; Mekong, Scortechina 1099 ; Durian

S.B., King’s Collector 364.—Distrip. India, common, especially near

the sea; Java, Borneo, Tonkin.

5. Hyaropama MEIANTHOS, C.B.Clarke, n.sp. Leaves obovate, 2 in.

long, nearly glabrous. Bract less than -25 in. long, oblong. Calyx

646 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

‘25 in. long, divided half-way down ; teeth sparsely white-hispid.

Corolla (expanded) -25 to 35 in. long. Anthers small, round. Capsule

scarcely -35 in. long. JH. salicifolia var. assurgens. C. B. Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 407 (partly).

Manacca: Maingay 3002 (K.D. 1177).

The examples are good with numerous flowers and ripe fruits, and appear

‘*normal’’ in all respects.

6. HyGROPHILA PHLOMOIDES, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 80

(1832). Stems often very hairy. Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, obovate; tip

triangular, rarely subacute. Calyx divided half-way down; teeth

densely white-hispid, so that the whorls resembie somewhat those of

Philomis ; otherwise as H. quadrivalvis. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 779.

H. phlomoides, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 90; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 408; Prain Beng. Plants 801, 802. H. hirsuta, Roxb.

Fl. Ind. III. 51. A. phlomoides, Wall. Cat. 2376.— Rheede Hort.

Mal. II. 89, t. 46.

PENANG: Deschamps. SINGAPORE: fizdley 36124. SELANGOR:

Fiidley 8547, 10499. Perak: Scortechint 620, 1106, alt. 200 ft. ;

Wray 1748, 2432.—Disrris. India (common), Tonkin, Borneo.

Var. 6B Roxburgh, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

408. Smaller, often procumbent and more divided. Leaves 1 to

2 in. long, often scabrid, pubescent. Prain Beng. Plants 801, 802.

H. obovata, Griff. Notul. IV. 1384 (not exactly that of Nees). Ruellra

obovata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 51.

Penane: Deschamps.—DIstRIp. Chittagong, Pegu, Mergui,

Philippines.

I do not see how this var. differs from H. radicans, Nees in Wali. Pl. As. Rar.

III. 81, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 92.

7. HyGroPHILA suBsEssitis, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem, leaves and

inflorescence with brown hairs. Leaves 1:5 by 4 in., oblong, obscurely

obovate; tip triangular; base narrowed; nerves beneath conspicuous ;

petiole, even in the lower leaves, 0 or hardly any; otherwise as

HI. salicifohia.

Matacca: Harvey.

This resembles some forms of H. undulata, Blume, in which, however, the brown

hairs are not present, and the lower leaves are petioled.

8. Hyeropuina spinosa, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl.

225 (1864). Stems stout, 2 to 5 ft. high. Leaves 3 to 6 in. long, lan-

Hlora of the Malayan Peninsula. ; 647

ceolate to linear, hispid, sessile. Flowers clustered in the axils, 4 to 6

of the outer bracts being strong spines an inch long. Bract ‘5 to 1 in.

long, lanceolate. Calyx :35 to -5 in. long, divided nearly to the base

into 4 lanceolate lobes, one of which is broader and sometimes emar-

ginate. Corolla 1 in. long, pale purple. Anthers and pollen of the

genus. Capsule -35 in. long, linear-oblong, 4- to 8-seeded from the base.

C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 409; Burkill in Dyer Fl.

Trop. Afr. VY. 31; C. B. Clarke in Dyer FI. Cap. V. 11 (with all

syn.); Prain Beng. Plants 802; A. longifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

Beng. 1870, II. 78 (non Nees). Asteracantha longifolia, Nees in Wall.

Pl. As. Rar. ITI. 80, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 247; Wight Ic. t.. 449;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 811; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV.

3B, 297. A. auriculata, Nees in DC. l. c. 248.

SINGAPORE: King’s Collector 249.—Distrip. Abundant in India

and Africa.

Hygrophita longifolia, Nees (in Mart. Fl. Brasil, IX. 22 (1847)), is a totally different

plant; for this cause T. Anderson, when he transferred Asteracantha longifolia to

Hygrophila, gave it the new name H. spinosa. Nevertheless, some botanists call the

Asiatic Asteracantha by the name H. longifolia, thereby causing great confusion.

6. NomapninA, Blume.

Inflorescence in numerous 1-sided, open, axillary racemes shorter

than the leaves. Bract (and prophylla) inconspicuous, linear, or

wanting. Calyx even in the bud deeply divided (two-thirds or three-

fourths of the way down) into 5 lobes. Otherwise as Hygrophila.

Species 14, viz. 8 in South-east Asia, very closely allied, and 6 in

Tropical Africa.

This genus is in essentials Hygrophila, and is sunk in Hygrophila by both

Lindau and Burkill, but is easily distinguished from it, whether estimated a genus

or & subgenus.

1. Nomapuina stricta, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 84 (1847). Nearly

glabrous, drying a black-green. Stems 3 ft. Leaves: blade 3 to 4:0 in.

long, narrowly elliptic, attenuate at either end; midrib beneath with

fine patent hairs; petioles up to 2 to 3 in. long. Corymbs in many

axils, 2 to 4 in. in diam., recurved in fruit; peduncles less than 1 in.

long; pedicels nearly glabrous; bract and prophylla linear, incon-

spicuous or 0. Calyx :25 to :35 in. long, divided nearly to the base ;

segments 5, linear, glabrous or minutely scabrous or hispid (not viscid

or glandular-hairy). Corolla ‘5 in. long or more, bright blue. F%la-

ments glabrous; pollen 20 mw in diam., globose, with 12 to 16 longi-

tudinal ribs. Ovary and style pubescent. Capsule -35 to ‘6 in. long ;

648 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

seeds small, ovoid, flattened, brown, shaggy on the margin, with hygro-

scopic hairs. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 409. Justicoa

stricta, Vahl Symb. II. 6. Cryptophragnuwm aaillare, Nees in DC.

Prodr. XI. 96, cf. Vidal Phanerog. Cuming. Philipp. 61 am nota, 132.

Hygrophila stricta, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38,

297 (non Hassk.).

PERAK : King’s Collector 367; Curtis 3152; Wray 4256; Scortechine.

JoHorE: Fzdley 4173, 11133.—Distris. Borneo, Philippines.

Nees himself, in DC. Prodr. XI. 722, united this species to N. corymbosa, Blume

Bijdr. 804 (1825); the latter is (when dried) a smoky grey-green; the pedicels and

calyx have viscous (and often glandular) hairs. The two are very close together.

2. Nomapuita minor, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Smaller in all its parts

than N. stricta. Leaves: lamina scarcely 2in. long. Corymb-branches

slender, glabrate. Corolla :25 to 35 in. long. Anthers and pollen

smaller. Capsule :25 to :35 in. long. N. stricta (partom), C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 409. Ruellia ? paniculata, Herb. Rottler.

Perak: Scortechint 1374.—The example in Herb. Rottler is without

locality.

7. Rugwuia, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal, entire; upper

surface with rhaphides. lowers axillary (or panicled in American

species); bract 0; prophylla spathulate or subfoliaceous, exceeding the

calyx. Calyx deeply 5-fid ; segments subequal, linear. Corolla tubular-

ventricose, blue to white; lobes rounded, twisted to the left in the bud.

Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments glabrous; anthers of 2 oblong, sub-

equal, parallel, muticous, glabrous cells; pollen globose, large (80 to

50 » in diam.), honeycombed. Ovary glabrous; ovules 3 to 10 in each

cell; style hairy, with one linear branch, the other obsolete. Capsule

clavate; base solid, sterile; top ellipsoid or subglobose, with 6 or

more close-packed seeds; retinacula large, hooked. Seeds ovoid,

flattened, hygroscopically shaggy on margin.—Species 150 (Bentham)

or 200 (Lindau), in the warmer parts of the world, more abundant in

America.

But a considerable number of the species reckoned in Ruellia by Lindau have

not ‘‘ wabenpollen ” (honeycombed pollen), but ‘‘ stachelpollen”’ (prickly pollen) ; so

that the species left in Ruellia may not be more than 120 to 150, and possibly may be

much fewer, if (as in the above diagnosis) the genus is: restricted to those plants

which have a stalked clavate capsule [Dipteracanthus (genus), Nees].

1. RuELLIA REPENS, Linn. Mant. 89 (1767) (not of Burm.). Sparingly

hairy or glabrate. Stem 6 to 20 in., weak, often much branched.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 649

Leaves 1 by °35 to ‘5 in., lanceolate, nearly always narrowed at the

base, entire; upper surface sprinkled with rhaphides; petiole ‘125 to -2 in.

Flowers axillary, mostly solitary; bract 0; prophylla spathulate or

foliaceous, exceeding the calyx. Calyx ‘2 in. long, divided nearly to the

base into 5 subequal linear segments. Corolla ‘75 in. long. Capsule

‘5 in. long, contracted,. sterile at the base; the seeds (usually 5 to 8)

imbricated near the top. Blume Bijdr. 794; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn.

Soc. IX. 460 (1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 412; Ridley

in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, III. 332 (1893); Lindau in Engl. & Prantl

Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 310; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 238

(1890); Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits, 121 (Singapore 1900).

Dipteracanthus lanceolatus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 82, and

in DC. Prodr. XI. 124; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 782. D. subdenticulatus,

Miq.! Journ. Bot. Néerl. I. 117 (1861). Fostellularia sarmentosa, herb.

Buitenz.! (non Nees).

Penane: Curtis 1876. Matacca: Griffith. Stnearore: Lobb;

T. Anderson; Hullett; Ridley 2698, 10725. Kenan: Lfidley 5780.

PaHAnG: fide Ridley. Prax: Scortechint 1283.—Distris. A common

Malay plant, extending to Tenasserim on one side, to China and the

Philippines on the other.

The plate of Burmann (FI. Ind. t. 41, fig. 1) is good, and represents a plant not of

the genus Ruellia. In the Addit. to Mant. 515 (1771), Linnzus says his Ruellia repens

was Burmann, t. 41, fig.1; it may be more correct to call this species R. repens,

Blume. Nees, in DC. Prodr. XI. 370, says his Rostellularia sarmentosa had the

capsule ‘‘4-seeded from the base,’’ so that there is probably some error in the

Rostellularia surmentosa issued from Buitenzorg.

Var. 6 linearis, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 2°25 by -2 to 25 in.

Panane: fidley 2182. Ipon: Deschamps.

Ruellia prostrata, Lam. Encyel. VI. 349 (ef. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 411), ditfers

a little from R. repens, Linn., by having larger flowers and capsules, and the leaves

usually rather larger. In the Kedah cxample, Ridley, n. 5750, the flowers are more

than 1 in. long, and the capsules more than ‘75 in. long; and Ridley has issued it as

* R. prostrata’”’; the habit and small leaves are typical R. repens.

| R. angustiflora, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II. 1079 (R. angustifolia, Lindau in

Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 311), is a large-flowered American Ruellia, which

appears to spread from gardens in Malaya; it was collected in Penang by Stoliczka,

in Singapore by Deschamps and Hullett, n. 176.]

8. APORUELLIA, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.

Pollen with minute prickles or papille, or granulated; not honey-

eombed; otherwise as Ruellia.

650 Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula.

To Aporuellia may be referred Ruellia flagelliformis, Hemsley; R. trichotoma,

Nees; R. acaulis, R. Brown; R. spiciflora, Benth. ; R. australis, R. Brown; R. Guppy,

Hemsley; and several other South-east Asian unnamed plants. Whereas all the

Hindostan species of Ruellia have honeycombed pollen, the species of Aporuellia come

from Malaya, South China, and Australia.

1. APORUELLIA SUMATRENSIS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 11 in.

high, with few or small leaves except at the base. Lower leaves :

lamina 5 by 1°5 in., entire, sparsely puberulous; tip obtuse, triangular ;

base attenuated ; upper surface dotted; the rhaphides obscure ; petioles

up to 1°5 in. long. Flowers in distant small clusters on long-peduncled

spikes. Floral leaves passing into bracts, ovate or obovate, minutely

pubescent, very variable in size. Calyx ‘175 in. long, divided rather more

than half-way down; teeth 5, linear. Corolla ‘35 in. long ; tube linear.

Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers subsimilar, of two parallel muticous

cells; filaments glabrous; pollen small, globose, 25 » in diam., granular.

Style hairy, one branch linear, the other nearly wanting. Capsule

‘6 in. long, seed-bearing from the base; seeds about 12, ovate, com-

pressed, shaggy, with hygroscopic hairs on the margin.

SumaTRA: R. Moesie, alt. 600 ft., H. O. Forbes 2636!

Var. 6 Firdleys, C. B. Clarke. Leaves more obovate than in the

type, completely rounded at the top; flowers pure white (Ridley).

SELANGOR: Batu Caves, Ridley 8213; Kwala Lumpor, Curtzs 2364.

2. APORUELLIA AXILLARIS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branches (seen)

1 foot long, undivided ; internodes 2 in. long. Leaves opposite, equal ;

blade 3°25 by 1:5 in., ovate-triangular, subobtuse, slightly hispidulous,

suddenly attenuate at base; petiole -25in. long. Flowers in clusters of

1 to 3in the axils, supported by oblong bracts ‘25 to°35in. long. Sepals

5, linear, 2 in. long, pubescent. Corolla ‘8 in. long, narrowly-funnel-

shaped. Stamens 4; anther-cells 2, parallel, oblong, obtuse at base;

pollen globose, 45 » in diam., papillose, subechinate. Capsule nearly

‘) in. long, stalked, with 7 flattened seeds in the clavate head.

Matay Peninsuta: Songkah, Curtis.

This plant—in habit, leaves, inflorescence, corolla, capsule—simulates the very

common Ruellia prostrata, Lam., var. dejecta ; the pollen is unlike.

9. Stenotuyrsus, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.

Inflorescence a terminal, peduncled, compound, many-flowered,

nearly glabrous, subebracteate-linear panicle (8 to 12 by °75 in.);

otherwise as Henugraphis.

This genus agrees in character very closely with the ‘Tropical African genera

Mellera and Paulo-Wilhelmia, but the habit and hairs are very different.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 651

1. Srenoruyrsus Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Upper leaf: blade

up to 8 by 2 in., obovate-lanceolate, acuminate at either end, acute,

nearly glabrous, entire, reticulate, full of rhaphides; main nerves 12

pair, oblique; petiole 1:5 in. long. Peduncle 1 to 4 in.; thyrsus

interrupted at base, of 20 to 50 flowers, clustered in very small opposite

cymes; bracts inconspicuous, setaceous. Calyx ‘175 in. long; sepals 5,

linear, full of rhaphides. Corolla 1 to 1:5 in. long, blue; tube cylindric,

narrow-campanulate in the upper half, minutely hairy. Stamens 4,

subsimilar; filaments glabrous, connected in pairs; anthers long, of 2

linear-oblong cells at equal height, pubescent, minutely 1- to 2-mucro-

nate at the base, connective mucronate at tip; pollen globose, 40 » in

diam., longitudinally 20-ribbed. Style thinly hairy, with one oblong-

linear and one suppressed branch. Capsule (not ripe) narrowly ellip-

soid, glabrate, seed-bearing from the base, with eight ovate flattened

seeds.

Perak: Tambun Loh, Ridley 9770; Ipoh, limestone rocks,

Curtis 3149. |

Ridley placed this plant close to Strobilanthes; the numerous capsules are all

8-seeded. There are, on one sheet, three thyrsi 8 to 12 by 1 in., and one thyrsus

reduced (apparently accidentally) to a dense head.

10. Hemigrapuis, Nees.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal, often crenate,

sometimes lobed; upper surface with rhaphides, which are sometimes

altogether obscure. lowers in terminal spikes, or rarely in 1- to

3-flowered small heads on axillary peduncles; bract usually exceeding

the calyx, lanceolate or ovate; prophylla linear, short or 0. Calyx

deeply 5-fid; segments lanceolate-linear or linear, subequal. Corolla

tubular-campanulate, blue to white; lobes rounded, twisted in the bud.

Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers of 2 oblong, subequal, parallel,

muticous, glabrous cells; filaments glabrous, or the 2 longer with many

long hairs; pollen rather large, from short-ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid ;

the 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs reaching to the poles; stopples 2. Ovary

oblong, with 6 to 12 ovules, usually hairy at tip; style shortly hairy at

base; stigma of one elongate and one suppressed lobe. Capsule oblong

or linear-obovoid, slightly flattened, hardly stalked; seeds 6 to 12,

ovoid, flattened, with much hygroscopic hair on the margin.—Species

30 perhaps, in South-east Asia and Polynesia.

To this genus belong Ruellia repanda, Linn.; R. Ravacensis, Nees; R. nemorosa,

Zoll.; R. colorata, Nees; and, as Bentham says, most of Nees’ first section of

Ruellia.

652 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Sect. 1. Flowers less than °75 in. long, 1 to 3 Gee in small

short-peduncled heads oe 2c 1. H. Ridley.

Sect. 2. Flowers less than -75 in. long, in eri goes

spikes :—

Sepals softly hairy, tips ligulate-triangular :—

Mature leaves nearly glabrate 50 Sc .. 2. H. confinis.

Mature leaves hairy 3. H. hirsuta.

Sepals with linear-subulate white- hhiseid tips :—

Capsule hardly :25 in. long, nearly terete ws .. 4. H. alternata.

Capsule more than ‘25 in. long, obovoid, flattened 5. H. platycarpos.

1. Hemicrapuis Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Branches (seen) 1 foot

long, rambling or creeping, rooting, scabrid-pubescent with small sub-

erect hairs. Leaves in equal opposite pairs; blade 2 by 1 in., ovate-

elliptic, acute, crenate; upper surface with few scattered several-celled

bristles (few of these bulbous at base), and with many conspicuous

rhaphides ; petioles -25 to -35 in. long. Flowers 1 to 3 in small heads

on axillary peduncles :175 to -25 in. long; bract oblong -35 in. long ;

bracteoles (prophylla) linear, hardly half as long as the calyx. Calyx

‘175 in. long; sepals lanceolate-linear, with several-celled white hairs.

Corolla °5 in. long. Stamens and anthers of the genus; filaments with

long white simple hairs; pollen 60 by 30 », with 12 to 16 ribs and two

large stopples. Ovary oblong, 8-ovulate, glabrous, but hairy at the top.

Style slightly hairy at the base; one stigmatic branch elongate, the

other suppressed. Capsule not seen.

Pawane: Fiidley 2180 (probably H. confinis, Ridley in Trans. Linn.

Soe. ser. 2, ITT. 332 (1893) ).

This is allied, in inflorescence and habit, to Hemigraphis ravacensis (Nees sub

Ruellia).

9. HEMIGRAPHIS CONFINIS, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 463

(1867). Stem 2 feet, branching, pubescent. Leaves: blade up to 4 by

1-7 in., elliptic, narrowed at either end, obscurely crenate, mature a

grey-green and nearly glabrous; rhaphides in the upper surface obscure ;

petiole ‘25 in. long. Sprkes 1 to 2 by 7 in., continuous but rather loose ;

bract *5 in. long, obovate or elliptic with triangular tip; prophylla

linear, hardly half as long as the calyx. Calyx °35 in. long, softly

hairy; sepals igulate upwards with triangular tip. Corolla -5 in. long.

Stamens of the genus; filaments nearly glabrous; pollen 50 by 30 p,

with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs and no stopples. Ovary glabrous, except

at the tip; style of the genus. Capsule ‘25 in. long, slightly flattened,

glabrous except at the tip, 8-seeded nearly from the base. OC. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 423. Ruellia confims, Nees in DC. Prodr.

XI. 148; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 788.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 653

Mauacca: Cuming 2354; Groffith (K.D.) 6188; Hervey; Hullett;

Maingay 1754, 3147, (K.D.) 1174.—Distris. Borneo.

3. HmmigraPHis Hirsuta, T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. Ind.

N.S. I. 270 (1868). Hairy. Leaves (even fully mature) hairy beneath ;

the upper surface densely clothed by conspicuous rhaphides; otherwise

as H. confinis, T. Anders. Justicoa hirsuta, Vahl Symb. II. 3, Enum.

I. 121. J. brunelloides, Lam. Illustr. I. 40. Nelsonia hirsuta, Roem. &

Sch. Syst. I. 172.

Mauacca: Fzdley 10759.—Disrris. Java, Borneo.

This may be esteemed merely a hairy var. of H. confinis, but was kept up by

T. Anderson. There are several other Malay sp. of Hemigraphis very closely allied.

4. HEMIGRAPHIS ALTERNATA, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. VII.

114 (1864). Stem 12 to 18 in., rooting near the base, pubescent.

Leaves: blade 2°5 by :75 to 1 in., narrowed at either end, obscurely

crenate, mature, sparsely hispid-pubescent; upper surface sprinkled with

rhaphides ; petiole 25 to ‘5in. long. Spekes ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, loose ;

bract ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, oblong subacute, hispid on margins. Calyx

‘°30 in. long; sepals lanceolate with linear tips, lower part glabrate,

densely covered with rhaphides; tips with some several-celled white

hispid hairs. Corolla, stamens, ovary, as of H. confinis, T. Anders.

Capsule scarcely ‘25 in. long, very little compressed, not obovoid, with

10 to 12 seeds placed subequally along its whole length, glabrous

except at the tip. uellia alternata, Burm. FI. Ind. 135 (excluding tab.

Eheeder). &. discolor, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 149. &. Blumeana,

Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 149; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 789 (as to his vay.

(Zollinger 660) only).

Panane: Ardley 2183 (‘flower white”). JoHorn: Rzdley 11129.—

Distris. Java, Sumatra.

Described from the Nees two types (Zollinger 343, 660) written up by his

hand at Kew. Miquel’s ‘‘ R. Blumeana’’ (named by his hand, and the same plant

issued as R. Blumeana from the Buitenzorg Garden) is Hemigraphis Decaisneana,

T. Anders., a species that has the capsule hairy to the base, and the leaves tubercular-

scabrous.

5. HEMIGRAPHIS PLATYCARPOS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Spukes

longer, denser (than in H. Blumeana), with broader bracts, more

softly hairy, less hispid. Capsule exceeding -25 in. long, linear-

obovate, much flattened, with 8 seeds, sterile at the base; otherwise

as H. Blumeana.

Panane: Firdley 1408. Jonore: Ridley 11128.

654 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

11. Enpopocon, Nees.

Fertile stamens 2; otherwise as Strobilanthes.—Species 20, in South

(or Hast) India, extending to Singapore.

This genus is hardly worth re-establishing as a split-off from Strobilanthes, but

Lindau has introduced the point of ‘2 fertile stamens only” into his diagnosis of

Pseudostenosiphonium ; so that it is necessary either to call Hndopogon a genus or to

re-unite both in Strobilanthes. Strobilanthes is so very large that it is as convenient

to treat it under 4 genera as under 4 subgenera.

1. Enpopocon Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Puberulous. Leaves

opposite, unequal, up to 6 by 2 in., elliptic, acuminate at either end,

subentire ; upper surface with scattered rhaphides ; petioles up to 1 in.

long. Peduncles 0 to ‘7 in. long, one from each axil (2.e. in opposite

unequal pairs), each carrying one green strobilate spike, pendent

in flower, 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts -75 in. long, elliptic, acute, almost

papery, loosely but closely imbricate, adnate at the base. Flowers 2,

sessile, under each bract, without prophylla. Calyx -125 in. long,

d-fid to the base; sepals pubescent, 2 lanceolate-lmear, 3 linear.

Corolla *25 in. long in the bud (perhaps not much longer when ex-

panded), white. Stamens 2, fertile; filaments glabrous; pollen 60 by

40 p, longitudinally ribbed. Ovary (and style) glabrous, with 2 ovules

in each cell.

SINGAPORE : Stagmount, Adley 5987, 11255.

Allied to S. adnatus, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. LV. 436, which is an

Endopogon.

12. SrRopiLANntTHEs, Blume.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, often very unequal, some-

times falsely alternate, crenate serrate or subentire; the upper surface

usually full of rhaphides. Inflorescence various; the flowers often in

heads or strobilate, sometimes solitary in lax panicles, sometimes in

small clusters which are panicled; floral leaves prominent or small,

persistent or caducous, often passing into true bracts (‘‘ deckblaetter”’) in

the upper part of a spike; bracteoles (prophylla) 2, often similar to the

sepals, or wanting (but in the axil of a bracteole a bud is sometimes to

be found). Calyx of 5 (usually rather large) segments, subequal,

divided nearly to the base in the Malay species. Corolla tubular-

campanulate ; lobes rounded, twisted in the bud. Stamens (fertile) 4,

didynamous; anther-cells 2, muticous; pollen large, ellipsoid (rarely

subglobose), with 16 to 20 (rarely few) longitudinal ribs and 2 stopples.

Ovary oblong or ellipsoid with 2 ovules in each cell, sometimes stalked ;

style with one long branch, the other suppressed. Capsule oblong or

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 655

narrow-ellipsoid, short-stalked, 4-seeded, or in many species with

only 2 seeds.—Species about 200, 7.e. after the genera Hndopogon,

Nees, Pseudostenosiphonium, Lindau, and Acanthopale, C. B. Clarke,

have been taken out; extending from warmer Africa to China and

Australia.

Sect. 1. Heads capitate, occluded (except the corollas) between

two erect persistent bract-like floral leaves :—

Leaves scarcely hairy ; bracts obtuse 1. S. Maingayi.

Leaves pubescent; bracts produced in a strongly enlalbite tip . S. bibracteatus.

Leaves rufous-ciliate on margins; bracts with some rufous

hairs So o0 ie 50 .. 3.8. hirtisepalus.

Sect. 2. Flowers strobilate or in short heads, with conspicuous

rufous hair :—

Heads ovoid, ‘1 in. long; bracts ‘5 in. long, linear 4, S. rufo-sepalus.

Heads strobilate, 2°25 in. long; bracts -7 in. long, ita

late-oblong .. : .. 95. S.rufo-strobilatus.

Heads capitate, 1-5 in. ree bracts 15 in. long, aan .. 6. S. rufo-capitatus.

Heads 2- to 3-flowered, very small; bracts ‘25 to 1 in. long,

spathuJate .. 56 .. 7. S. rufo-pauper.

Sect. 3. Flowers Probilete tie grey heiee 00 .. 8. S. Dyerianus.

Sect. 4. Flowers panicled ; bracts caducous or inconspicuous :—

Panicle 8 by 5 in.; the flowers in opposite distant parts .. 9. S. collinus.

Panicle 6 by 1 in.; branches scarcely :25 in. long -. 10. S.pachyphyllus.

1. StRoBILANTHES Matneayi, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TV. 448 (1884). Perennial, 2 to 4 ft. high, sparingly pubescent.

Leaves opposite, often very unequal, the larger 3 by 1 to 1-265 in.,

crenulate, tip acuminate; midrib beneath minutely scabrid; surface

beneath often microscopically furfuraceo-puberulous, rarely at all

hairy ; petiole 125 to -25 in., pubescent. Flowers 1 to 5, capitate, in

an ovoid subsessile head enclosed by two ovate erect floral bract-like

leaves ; bract 1 by -25 in., quadrate-oblong, keeled, tip rather wide,

subobtuse, crenate; prophylla similar to sepals. Sepals -4 in. long,

glabrous, oblong-subacute, membranous. Corolla 2 in. long, white (so

noted on several collections) ; tube long, narrow, funnel-shaped, linear

at base. Stamens 4, fertile, subsimilar; anthers oblong; filaments

glabrous, except sometimes 2 or 3 hairs close to the base; pollen ellip-

soid, large (70 by 40 u), with 12 to 16 longitudinal ribs and 2 stopples.

Style with a few scattered hairs. Capsule (not seen in the type

examples) oblong, -5 in. long, with 4 seeds, shaggy all over with

hygroscopic hairs.

Prenane : Maingay (K.D.) 1182; alt. 1800 to 2000 ft., Radley 7167 ;

King’s Collector 1545, 1791. Kenan: Curtis 298. Prrax: 3000 to

4000 ft., King’s Collector 8316. Srnancor: Kelsall 2004.

656 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

The “ type”’ of S. Maingayi (K.D. 1182) has supplied neither flower nor fruit;

the above description is taken largely from Curtis 298. In King’s Collector 1545, the

collector notes ‘flowers dark blue, white inside”; but I can find no difference

between this n. 1545 and n. 1791 (noted as having white flowers) collected by the

same collector in the same locality.

2. STROBILANTHES BIBRACTEATUS, Blume Bijdr. 799 (1825). Rather

more pubescent than S. Maingayt. Leaves often with scattered hairs

on the surface beneath. Tps of the bracts produced, conspicuously

toothed. Fvlaments, in their whole lower half, with long, deflexed

several-celled hairs; otherwise as S. Maingayr. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 801. Goldfussia bibracteata, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 174.

Dicliptera ? crenata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 844.

Perak: Maxwell’s Hill, Rzdley 5516; Wray 174, 1674; Scortechina

337, 1413.—Distris. Java, Sumatra.

There is another closely allied plant collected in Sumatra (Forbes 1906), which

differs little but by having the flowers ‘‘ pale purplish blue.” S. erosus, Nees in DC.

Prodr. XI. 181, appears to be this species, as Nees suspected; but I have seen no

authentic example of S. erosus.

3. STROBILANTHES HIRTISEPALUS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. More hairy

than S. bibracteatus. Leaves minutely rufous-hairy on the margins.

Floral leaves (involucral bracts) with rufous hairs. Sepals linear,

very hairy, with rufous several-celled hairs. Otherwise as S.

bibracteatus.

Perak: Lartt, alt. 1000 to 1500 ft. King’s Collector 2215;

Scortechint 940.

4. STROBILANTHES RUFO-SEPALUS, C.B.Clarke,n.sp. Branches 18 in.

long, rufous-hairy, procumbent, divided, rooting near the base. Leaves

opposite, one about twice as long as the other, longer one 2:25 by

‘25 in.; elliptic-acuminate, crenate, sparsely hispid on the upper

surface ; rhaphides obscure; petiole -2 in. long. Heads 1 in. long,

ovoid, few-flowered, terminal and axillary. Bracts linear, ‘d in. long,

with several-celled bright-rufous hairs. Sepals ‘35 in. long, linear-

subulate, with several-celled bright-rufous hairs in the upper half.

Corolla 1 in. long; tube campanulate from a short linear base.

Stamens 4; longer filaments hairy in their lower half; pollen 50 by

30 p, longitudinally ribbed. Style glabrous, except close to the apex of

capsule. Capsule ‘35 in. long, glabrate, with 4 young seeds.

Prenanea: alt. 2000 ft., Radley & Curtis 2761. Prrax: Scortechin ;

Ipoh, Curtis.

This species is near Strobilanthes anamiticus, O. Kuntze Revisio, I. 498 (1891).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 657

5. STROBILANTHES RUFO-STROBILATUS, C. B. Clarke,n.sp. Branches

rufous-hairy, creeping, rooting at the base. Leaves opposite, nearly

equal, 4 by 2in., cuneate at either end, crenate, nearly glabrate on

the upper surface; petiole ‘5 in. long. Heads strobilate, 2 to 2:5 in.

long; bracts (floral leaves) prominent even to the top of the head, -7 by

‘25 in., narrowed at either end; bracts ‘5 in. long, linear-spathulate,

densely rufous with several-celled hairs. Sepals -4 in. long, linear, rufous-

hairy. Corolla 1:25 in. long ; tube campanulate, curved ; lobes “ purple ”’

(Scortechini). Stamens 4; filaments hairy. Ovary pubescent at the

apex, 4-ovulate; pollen 70 by 40 p, longitudinally multi-striate.

Perak: Scortechina 225.

6. STROBILANTHES RUFO-CAPITATUS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp.‘ Shrubby

creeper, 6 to 8 ft. long.” Branches rufous-hairy. Leaves subequal or

very unequal, up to 8 by 3°5 in., cuneate at either end, crenate; upper

surface nearly glabrate; petioles -35 in. long. Heads sessile or

peduneled, 1 to 2 in. long, densely clothed with bright rufous several-

celled long hairs; bracts (floral leaves) -75 by 125 in., linear, shaggy

on the margin, with rufous hairs -125 in. long; bracts -25 to °35 in.

long; rufous-hairy ; sepals linear, 25 in. long, rufous-hairy. ‘ Corolla

white.”

Perak: alt. 2500 to 3000 ft., Keng’s Collector 10935 ; Scortechina 568.

7. STROBILANTHES RUFO-PAUPER, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Slender,

procumbent, rooting at the nodes, pubescent. Leaves opposite, more or

less unequal, up to 2 by -7 in., elliptic-lanceolate, crenate; upper surface

nearly glabrous; petioles -125 to -25 in. long. Heads very small,

2- to 3-flowered; bracts (floral leaves) -25 to 1 in. long, very narrowly

spathulate, sparingly or obscurely hairy; bracts -25 in. long, linear,

more or less rufous-hairy. Calyx -2 in. long; sepals linear, pubescent,

with long several-celled straight rufous hairs at the tips. Corolla 1 in.

long, “blue” (Ridley), nearly straight, narrow-funnel-shaped. Stamens

4; filaments glabrous; pollen 70 by 40 p, longitudinally ribbed. Ovary

and style glabrous. Capsule with 4 hairy seeds.

Perak: Maxwell’s Hill, alt. 3000 ft., Wray 4192; the Cottage, alt.

5000 ft., Rzdley 5515.

8. STROBILANTHES DyERianus, Masters in Gard. Chron. ser. 3,

XIII. 442 (1893). Shrubby, vagant. Leaves opposite, unequal, sessile ;

blade of the larger one up to 7 by 3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, subacute,

crenulate, nearly glabrate, often auricled at the base. Pedwncles axillary,

1 to 3 in. long, with scattered, small, ovate leaves (-75 in. long), each ter-

minated by a strobilate spike 1 to 2 in. long, pubescent (without rufous

hair). Sracts -25 to ‘35 in. long, round-obovate. Corolla 1:3 in. long,

violet-blue, Stamens 4; filaments glabrous; anther-cells short-oblong ;

658 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pollen 50 p» long, 30 » broad, with 12 to 14 strong longitudinal stria-

tions. Kew Bull. 1894, Append. II. 51; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 7574.

Penane: Curtis.

This may not be indigenous in the Malay Peninsula. A note of Curtis says

‘* originally collected in Burma by Boxall.”

9. STROBILANTHES COLLINUS, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 86

(1832). Attains 4 ft. Leaves opposite, equal, up to 10 by 3 in,

elliptic, acuminate at either end, serrate, nearly glabrous, clothed with

rhaphides on both surfaces ; petiole hardly lin. long. Pamnicles terminal,

open, often 8 by 5 in.; the flowers sessile, distant, in opposite pairs

along the pubescent branches; bracts narrowly obovate-oblong, obtuse,

‘75 in. long, early falling. Sepals 5, subequal, -25 in. long, linear,

hairy. Corolla 1:5 in. long, narrow, tubular-campanulate, white tinged

pink. Stamens 4; filaments hairy ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally striate.

Ovary and style pubescent. Capsule -7 in., linear-oblong, pubescent ;

seeds 4, hairy. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 192; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

TV. 801; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 476 (1867); C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 465. Ruwellza collina, Wall. Cat. 2348.

SmncaporE: Lobb. PEnanc: Wallich 2343. Prrax: alt. 2000 ft.,

Curtis 1313; alt. 300 to 800 ft., Keng’s Collector 7271, 8490.

10. STROBILANTHES PACHYPHYLLUS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Shrub, up

to 4 ft. high. Leaves opposite, equal, 5-5 by 2 in., elliptic, obscurely

obovate, acute at either end; under surface pubescent (‘silvery grey”

when fresh), densely clothed with rhaphides, obscurely crenate, remark-

ably thick, hard in texture; petiole 15 in. Pamicle terminal, long-

peduncled, 6 by 1 in.; lateral branches scarcely -25 in. long. Sepals 5,

subequal, ‘25 in. long, linear, glabrous, full of rhaphides. Corolla 1:25 in.

long, very narrowly tubular-campanulate, light-blue. Stamens 4; fila-

ments hairy in the lower half; anthers oblong, muticous; pollen

exactly globose, 40 » in diam., 20-ribbed, 2-stoppled. Style thinly hairy.

Perak: hill-top, Scortechina 1786; alt. 1600 to 2000 ft., Kzng’s

Collector 7150.

The material represents the species imperfectly ; it appears allied to S. collinus,

Nees; the texture of the leaves is distinctive, and the globose pollen is very unusual

in the genus Strobilanthes.

13, ACANTHOPALE, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.

Pollen globose, echinate, without ribs; otherwise as Strobzlanthes.

Species 8, in tropical Africa with Madagascar; and many Indian.

Among the Strobilanthes to be removed to Acanthopale are S. lanceolatus, Nees ;

S. pulneyensis, C,B. Clarke; S. Zenkerianus, T. Anders.; S. Arnottianus, Nees;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 659

S. exsertus, C. B. Clarke; S. ixiocephalus, Benth.; S. Gardnerianus, T. Anders. ;

S. vestitus, Nees; S. lawus, T. Anders.; S. Hookeri, Nees; S. Andersonii, Benth. ;

S. bolamputtensis, Bedd.; S. acrocephalus, T. Anders.; S. radicans, T. Anders.;

S. debilis, Hemsl.; S. divaricatus, T. Anders. ; S. oliganthus, Miq.; S. japonicus, Miq.

1. ACANTHOPALE ? mauAsica, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branch nearly

round, glabrate, at the tip sparsely hairy. Leaves opposite, equal ;

blade 2:5 by 1 to 1:5 in., elliptic-triangular, nearly entire, scarcely

pubescent; upper surface with rhaphides; tip hardly acute; base deltoid ;

petiole -25 in. long. Flowers in poor, axillary, sessile or short-

peduncled spikes; floral leaves caducous, not seen; bract °5 in. long,

linear-ligulate, glabrous; bracteoles (prophylla) -25 in. long, linear,

glabrous. Sepals 5, equal, :25 in. long, linear, slightly hairy at the tips.

Corolla “75 in. long at least, nearly glabrous. Stamens 4, perfect; fila-

ments glabrous; anthers oblong, muticous, parallel, at equal height ;

pollen globose, 50 » in diam., with bluntish spines, not ribbed. Ovary

glabrous; style thinly hairy, one branch long, the other suppressed.

Capsule ‘7 in. long, with a long sterile base; seeds 4, crowded in the

globose head, hygroscopic-shaggy.

KepaH: Lankawi Island, Adley 8298. ‘

The doubt as to the genus of this plant arises because the specimen is in such a

state that I am not sure that the grain of pollen described may not have been a

stray grain.

14. AcantuHus, Linn.

Harsh glabrous shrubs. Leaves often prickly. Flowers showy,

spiked ; bract ovate; prophylla (bracteoles) 2 or 0. Calyx 4-partite

nearly to the base; 2 inner segments much narrower than the 2 outer,

subopposite. Corolla strongly 2-lipped; the posticous lip 0, 7. e. trun-

cated close to the base; anticous lip 3-lobed, nearly flat, blue or white;

the mid-lobe bifid. Stamens 4, subsimilar; filaments glabrous. <Anthers

1-celled, oblong, muticous, conspicuously fringed by white hairs ; pollen

ellipsoid, with 3 narrow longitudinal chinks. Ovary with 2 to 4 ovules in

each cell. Capsule ellipsoid, woody, large, shining brown, 2- (rarely 4-)

seeded; seeds discoid, without hairs.—Distris. Species 8 or 10,

extending from South Europe and Africa to Polynesia.

Stiff, erect shrubs :—

Corolla 1-25 in. long, blue; prophylla -25 in. long .. 1. A. ilicifolius.

Corolla °75 in. long, white; prophylla 0 aC .. 2. A. ebracteatus.

Twining, subscandent as oe 36 .. 3. A. volubilis.

1. AcantHuUs micirotius, Linn. Sp. Pl. 639 (1753). Shrub with

many stout branches, 1 to 5 ft. high. Leaves 4 to 7 by 1 to 3 in,

660 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

subpinnatifid, spinous, nearly sessile. Spekes 6 by 1:5 in.; bracts °3 in.

long, ovate; prophylla -25 in. long, triangular-lanceolate. Calyx-

segments; 2 outer subsimilar, °5 to ‘7 by ‘3 in., round-ovate; 2 inner

(alternate with the outer) shorter, much narrower. Corolla 1:25 in.

long or more, blue. Capsule 1 by ‘5 in.; seeds large, with close brain-

like convolutions. Benth. Fl. Austral. IV. 548 (partly); C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 481 (wath syn.); Lindau in Engl. &

Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 319; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI.

242 (1890); Prain Beng. Plants 800. ‘

Penance: Deschamps, King. Mawuacca: Griffith. SInGapore:

Ridley 8097. Perak: Wray 2494, 2499; Scortechint.—Distrip. In

saline mud, from Africa to Polynesia.

Var. £6 integrifolia, T. Anders. Axillary peduncles numerous,

running into large terminal panicles; leaves elongate, lanceolate, entire

or nearly so.—Distris. Andamans.

2. ACANTHUS EBRACTEATUS, Vahl Enum. II. 75, t. 40 (1791).

Bracts caducous ; prophylla 0. Calyx :3 in. long. Corolla:75 in. long,

white ; otherwise as A. ilicefolus, Linn. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.

Br. Ind. IV. 481; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B,

319; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III. 332 (1893), and in Journ.

As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).

Manacca: Griffith, Maingay 3084. Panane: Frdley 1276.—

Distris. Salt marshes, from the Andamans to Cochin-China and Java.

Bentham doubts whether this species is distinct from A. ilicifolius, Linn. Ridley

n. 1276 is a typical example of A. ebracteatus, with flowers very much smaller

than those of A. ilicifolius.

3. ACANTHUS VoLUBILIS, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 56 t. 172 (1831).

Twining, unarmed. Leaves oblong or elliptic, entire, glabrous. Spokes

linear-oblong ; prophylla 0. Corolla white, 1 in. long. Kurz For. Fl,

IJ. 242; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 481; Ridley in

Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). Dilivaria volubilis, Nees

in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 98. WD. scandens, Nees in DC. Prodr.

XI. 269.

Penana: Curtis 510. Siyearore: fide Azdley.—Distris. Coast

of India, Siam, Malaya, Australia.

The dried tips of the branches are difficult to separate from those of

A. ebracteatus ; the leaves are usually entire or slightly prickly ; the flowers larger.

15. Gymnostacuyum, Nees.

Herbs or undershrubs, sparingly pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to

obovate, entire or crenulate, petioled. Panicle (in the Malay Peninsula

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 661

species) terminal, sometimes of several elongate branches; branches

linear, with very small lateral cymes, or reduced to spikes; bracts

linear, very small; prophylla hardly any. Calyx small, less than -2 in.

long, divided deeply into 5 linear segments, pubescent or puberulous.

Corolla ‘5 to 1 in. long; tube narrow; limb 2-lipped. Stamens 2;

anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel, at equal height, muticous; pollen

small, short-ellipsoid, longitudinally (often obscurely) ribbed. Ovary

conic, many-ovulate, nearly glabrous; style at tip shortly 2-fid.

Capsule ‘5 to 1 in. long, linear, glabrate, with parallel sides, 8- to 20-

seeded from the base. Seeds ovoid, flattened, obscurely hairy, Species

25 to 30, in South-east Asia, North Australia, Polynesia,

This genus, varying in size, is distinguished by the linear (not clavate) many-

seeded capsule. The small-sized group, Gymnostachyum proper, has (a) the flowers

clustered or opposite (8) the flowers, solitary, alternate; but of the group (a) there

is no example from the Malay Peninsula.

Stems 1 to 4in. long. Flowers solitary in long spikes :—

Spikes linear, simple. Corolla blue, toward the base

whitish :— ‘

Leaves suddenly narrowed on the winged petiole -. I. G. decurrens.

Leaves spathulate on the petiole :—

Corolla -75 in. long or more .. .. 2. G. diversifolium.

Spikes linear, somewhat branched; corolla ae .. 3. G. pallens.

Stem elongate; panicle with many long, linear branches .. 4. G. polyneuron.

Stems 1 to 3 ft. long; inflorescence terminal; bracts

minute; stamens, pollen, and style as of Gymnostachyum ;

but the capsule is not known in any of the following

species : —

Panicle 2 to 3 in. long, short-peduncled ; flowers 8 to 20 :—

Spike slender, linear ; style hairy oe .. 5. G. simplicicaule.

Spike denser; style glabrous :—

Leaves with 5 to 6 pairs of nerves 2c .. 6. G. hirtistylum.

Leaves with 9 to 11 pairs of nerves BC .. 7. G.magis-nervatum.

Panicle 8 in. long, usually branched :-—

Leaves not exceeding 2°5 in. in breadth :—

Leaves thick, attenuate at either end .. .. 8. G. knoxiifolium.

Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate :—

Panicle with long branches -. 9. G. ? Scortechiniti.

Panicle linear, with short lateral cymes .. 10. G. Ridleyi.

Leaves 6in. wide .. ae an .. ll. G. 2 magnum.

1. GYMNOSTACHYUM DECURRENS, Stapf in Kew Bull. 357 (1894).

Stem 1 to 4 in. high. Leaves up to 5 by 3 in., pubescent beneath,

ovate; tip triangular; margin undulate; nerves 6 pairs, the lowest

patent; base suddenly narrowed, often decurrent on the petiole. Spzkes

662 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

linear, 4 to 7 in. long (5 on one stem); flowers all solitary ; bracts

minute, linear. Sepals hardly ‘15 in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla

‘SD to ‘6 in. long, pubescent, blue. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous up-

wards; anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel at equal height, minutely or

obscurely mucronate at base; pollen ellipsoid, 20 » long, obscurely

ribbed longitudinally. Ovary minutely pubescent; style thinly hairy,

with one branch suppressed. Capsule ‘7 in. long, linear, glabrate,

20-seeded.

Panane: Frdley.

2. GYMNOSTACHYUM DIVERSIFOLIUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Creeping.

Stems 1 to 4 in. Leaves up to 5 by 2:25 in., slightly pubescent beneath,

ovate; tip triangular; margin entire; nerves 8 pairs; base suddenly

narrowed, shortly decurrent on the petiole, or (on every plant) one leaf

truncate or cordate at base. Sprkes linear, 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to 3 on

one stem; flowers all solitary ; bracts minute or none. Calyx scarcely

‘15 to ‘2in. long. Corolla ‘75 in. long or rather more. Otherwise as

G. decurrens, Stapf.

Kepaa: Curtis 2530. Prrax: alt. 400 to 600 ft., King’s Collector

8284, 936; Scortechini 1589. |

In every plant the leaves are decurrent on the petiole ; but there are one or two

upper leaves truncate or even cordate at base; the same may be observed in several of

these small Gymnostachyums. This plant is nearly allied to G. decurrens, Stapf ;

the leaves are of thinner texture, with thinner nerves.

3. GYMNOSTACHYUM PALLENS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Rhizome 1:5 in.

long, woody, nodose. Stem -5to1in. long. Leaves: blade 4 by 2:5 in.,

broad-ovate; tip subobtuse, nearly glabrous, shortly decurrent on the

petiole; margin wavy-crenate; upper surface densely punctate; lower

surface pale green. Spike 3 to 4 in. long, on a 3 to 4 in. peduncle,

slightly branched, minutely pubescent; flowers solitary. Calyx

125 in. long. Corolla ‘5 in. long, white. Capsule rather more than

‘5 in. long. y

Perak : alt. 300 to 500 ft., Keng’s Collector 8133.

4. GYMNOSTACHYUM POLYNEURON, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Top of stem

leafy, 3 in. long (seen). Leaves spathulate; blade ovate, 5 by 2°25 in.;

tip triangular-obtuse, nearly glabrous; primary nerves 10 pairs; petioles

1:5 in. long. Pamcle terminal, compound ; ultimate spikes 2 to 5 in.

long, linear; flowers distant, solitary, subsessile. Sepals -125 in. long,

linear, nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in. long; ‘lower lip deep violet,

upper white splashed with violet.” Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, narrow

oblong, at equal height, not tailed; pollen ellipsoid, 30 » long, with 2

stopples and 2 longitudinal rows on either side of each stopple. Ovary

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 663

nearly glabrous; style shortly 2-fid, thinly hairy in the lower half.

Capsule ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong, glabrate, with 10 seeds.

Sramese Srates: Songkah, Curtis.

5. GYMNOSTACHYUM SIMPLICICAULE, C.B.Clarke, n.sp. Slightly pube-

scent. Stem 1 to 2 ft. long, undivided (in any example seen). Leaves:

blade 3 by 1 in., elliptic, obtusely triangular at either end, entire;

nerves 5 to 6 pairs, obscure; petioles ‘25 to din. long. Panicle ter-

minal, few-flowered, reduced almost to an oblong spike; peduncle

hardly 1 in. long; bracts minute. Sepals hardly -125 in. long, linear.

Corolla hardly ‘5 in. long, grey-yellow, 2-lipped. Stamens 2; filaments

glabrous; anther-cells 2, narrowly oblong, parallel, nearly at equal

height, muticous; pollen 30 by 154, narrowly ellipsoid; stopples 2,

longitudinally obscurely ribbed. Style upwards glabrous, very shortly

bifid at tip.

Perak: alt. 3000 to 3500 ft., King’s Collector 893, 935, 2394;

Scortechint 688.

6. GYMNOSTACHYUM HIRTISTYLUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Glabrate, the

inflorescence pubescent. Stems nearly a foot high, simple, decumbent,

rooting at the base. Leaves opposite, equal; blade elliptic-acute, 4 by

2 in., without rhaphides; base broadly cuneate; nerves 6 to 7 pairs;

petioles -2 in. long. Inflorescence of 2 terminal, simple, linear, slender,

interrupted, ebracteate spikes; peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long; flower-

clusters of 1 to 2 flowers, opposite, the lower pairs distant. Sepals

hardly -125 in., linear. Corolla white, very small, with a short tube.

Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, at equal height, not tailed; pollen very

shortly ellipsoid. Style hairy; tip shortly bifid.

Perak: alt. 400 to 600 ft., Kzng’s Collector 10814.

7. GYMNOSTACHYUM MAGIS-NERVATUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Almost

glabrous. Stem 12 to 18 in., decumbent, rooting near the base, branched.

Leaves opposite, equal; blade 3-5 by 1:3 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-

nate at either end; nerves 9 to 11 pairs, oblique; both surfaces with

rhaphides, the lower also densely, minutely dotted; petioles -2 in. long.

Peduncles terminal, hardly ‘5 in. long. Spzrkes 2:5 in. long, simple;

flowers 12 to 20, opposite; bracts minute. Sepals hardly -1 in. long,

lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in. long, very narrow, cream-

coloured, 2-lipped nearly half-way down. Stamens 2; filaments gla-

brous; anther-cells 2, rather large, oblong, at equal height, muticous;

pollen 40 by 25 », with 10 strong longitudinal ribs. Pzstil glabrous ;

ovules 8 or more.

Perak: alt. 100 ft., King’s Collector 6542.

8. GYMNOSTACHYUM KNOXIIFOLIUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly gla-

brous, except the minutely pubescent inflorescence. Stem erect, with long

664 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

internodes. Leaves: blade 6:5 by 2 in., broadly lanceolate, tapering at

either end, texture thick, without rhaphides; nerves 7 pairs, springing

very obliquely and curving inwards; petioles ‘25 in. long. Panicle of

two branches; branch 8 in. long, linear, with small, opposite, distant

cymes; bracts hardly :2 in. long, linear. Sepals ‘075 in. long, oblong-

linear. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous, each with a minute tooth at

base; anther-cells narrow-oblong, parallel at equal height, muticous.

Ovary nearly glabrous, many-ovuled; style thinly hairy ; tip minutely

2-fid. Buds very young; corolla noted white by collector.

NEGRI-SEMBILAN : King’s Collector 10085.

9. GymNnostacHyuM ? ScorTECHINII, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem erect,

at least 12 to 18 in. high. Leaves: blade 7:5 by 2:5 in., elliptic, acumi-

nate at either end, entire; upper surface with rhaphides; lower minutely

pubescent; petioles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long. Panicle very young, 8 in. long,

with long branches, many-flowered, rusty-pubescent ; bracts incon-

spicuous; flowers mostly in approximate opposite pairs. Calyx -125 in.

long. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous at top; anther-cells 2, oblong,

parallel, at equal height, acute-muticous at base; pollen 35 by 20 p,

with 2 stopples; a longitudinal row of patches (hardly tubercles) on

each side of each stopple.

PERAK: Scortechin.

The habit of this plant might do for a Gymnostachyum near G. venustum,

T. Anders., but the genus is doubtful.

10. GymnostacHyum Ripueyi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A tall shrub.

Leaves: blade 6 to 7 by 2:26 in., elliptic, shortly cuneate-acuminate at

either end, pubescent beneath; petiole ‘75 in. long, pubescent. Panicles

(reduced almost to spikes) 2, terminal, 11 by -75in.; bracts -125 to -2 in.

long, linear; flowers distant, solitary, or in 2- to 4-flowered lateral

cymes on peduncles hardly -15 in. long. Sepals -15 to -2 in. long,

pubescent. Corolla white. ;

Purak: Fudley 9772.

The example shows no corolla, no capsule.

11. Gymnostacuyum ? macnum, C. B. Clarke, n.sp.. A shrub. Stem

glabrate; upper internodes 7in. long. Leaves: blade up to 12 by 6 in.,

obovate, nearly glabrate, entire; nerves 12 (or more) pairs; upper

petioles 3 in. long. Panicle terminal, 8 by ‘75 in.; bracts -15 to -2 in.,

linear ; peduncle 1:5 in. long; small cymes 2- to 3-flowered in opposite

approximate pairs. Sepals linear, ‘2 in. long, pubescent. Corolla in

very young bud. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous upwards; anther-cells

2, parallel, oblong, at equal height, muticous. |

Manacca: Waterfall, Goodenough 1893.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 665

From the size, habit, and stamens of this plant it is almost certainly either a

Gymnostachyum or a Phlogacanthus.

16. PHnoGacantuHus, Nees.

Corolla-tube cylindric. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, contracted close

to the base; otherwise as Gymmnostachywm.—DtstRIB. Species 12, in

India; 1 or 2 extending a short way east. :

1. PHLOGACANTHUS BREVIS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A branched under-

shrub, 12 to 18 in. long. Leaves: blade 6 by 3°5 in., broadly ovate; tip

subobtuse; base shortly attenuate; nerves 6 to 7 pairs; petiole 1 to 1:5

in. long. Panicles terminal, 2 to 4 in. long, oblong; bracts minute.

Sepals :15 to 2 in. long, linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla small

(only seen in bud), grey pubescent without. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2,

oblong, parallel, at equal height, muticous; pollen 20 by 15 p, longi-

tudinally banded. Pzstil glabrous. Capsule 1 in. long, nearly -2 in.

wide upwards, subcylindric, obtuse, 8-seeded; base narrowed. Seeds

flat, nearly +125 in. in diam.

Perak: alt. 300 ft., King’s Collector 2884.

The capsule is here typically that of Phlogacanthus,; and not the parallel-sided

capsule of Gymnostachyum ; but the two genera may be united.

17. ANDROGRAPHIS, Wallich.

Herbs or very small shrubs. Leaves entire. acemes (or spikes)

1-sided, axillary and terminal, often compounded into loose panicles

with spreading branches; bract very small, narrow; prophylla hardly

any; flowers solitary or in few-flowered, distant clusters. Sepals 5,

rarely more than °2 in. long, linear. Corolla small (about ‘d in. long),

2-lipped; base tubular; limb white, spotted pink-purple in the palate.

Stamens 2; filaments hairy; anther-cells 2, ovate, parallel, at nearly

equal height; base acute (not spurred), with often a tuft of hairs;

pollen 25 » long, short-ellipsoid, with few very slender longitudinal

ribs. Style thinly hairy; tip minutely bifid. Capsule narrowly oblong,

with parallel sides, seed-bearing nearly from the base, flattened from

_the back of the valves. Seeds 6 to 12, stony, cuboid-ellipsoid, smooth,

glabrate, with rows of minute pits.—Distris. Species 18, very closely

allied, in India; 1 or 2 extending to China and Malaya.

Leaves lanceolate .. a o6 ae .. L. A. paniculata.

Leaves ovate Dc a6 oe no ' .. 2. A. tenuiflora.

1. ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 116

(1832). An erect annual, 1 to 3 ft. high. Stem quadrangular.

666 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 2:5 by ‘5 to *75 in., lanceolate, glabrous, paler beneath ; petioles

‘25 in. long. Panicle copious, of lax divaricate racemes; lower flowers

in each raceme pedicelled, solitary. Capsule ‘75 by :125 in., nearly

glabrous when mature. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 515; Wight Ic. t. 518;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 855; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TY. 501; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 323; Prain

Beng. Plants 809. Justicia paniculata, Burm. Fl. Ind. 9; Blume

Bijdr. 788.

Prenane: Curtis 1877.—Distris. Throughout India.

2. ANDROGRAPHIS TENUIFLORA, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX.

502 (1867). Leaves: blade ovate, shortly acuminate, 2:5 by 1:5 in., ob-

scurely puberulous; baseshortly spathulate. Racemes (often nearly spikes)

very slender, straggling. Corolla -4 in. long. Otherwise as A. panicu-

lata, Nees. Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 323;

C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 502. Haplanthus tener, Nees

in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 115, and in DC. Prodr. XI. 512.

Kepau: Ridley 8331; Curtis 2136, 2578.—Distris. Eastern India,

Malaya.

18. Cystacantuus, T. Anders.

Shrubs or erect herbs. Leaves opposite, equal, entire. Inflorescence

terminal (or axillary in some non-Malay species); panicles narrow ;

bracts small; prophylla 0. Calyx deeply 5-fid; segments narrow.

Corolla rather large, tubular, curved and inflated, somewhat 2-lipped ;

segments ovate or oblong, one completely outside in the bud. Stamens

2; rarely 2 rudiments added; anthers of 2 oblong, parallel, muticous

cells; connective often hispid on the back; pollen subglobose, with few

longitudinal bands. Ovary with 4 or more ovules in each cell. Cap-

sule linear, with parallel sides, many-seeded nearly from the base.—

Distris. Species 5, in India; 1 extending to Cochin-China.

1. CystacantHus tureipA, Nicholson Dict. Gard. I. 428 (1884). A

glabrous shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves: blade 4 to 7 in. long, oblong

or narrow-elliptic, narrowed at either end; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long.

Inflorescence terminal; panicles 1 to 5 in. long, dense; flowers clustered

on branches hardly ‘17 in. long ; bracts inconspicuous, ‘165 to ‘2 in. long.

Calyz-segments °125 to ‘2 in. long, linear. Corolla 1 in. long, white,

pink-spotted; tube strongly bent close above the calyx and greatly

inflated. Capsule 1 by *125 in., many-seeded, dorsally compressed.

Seeds ovoid, flattened, densely hairy. Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflan-

zenfam. IV. 38, 325. Cystacanthus sp., Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f.

Gen. Pl. IJ. 1098. Meninia turgida, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 6043.

Penance: Deschamps.—Distr1B. Burma, Cochin-China.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 667

19. Asysras1a, Blume.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, equal or nearly so.

Fiacemes subterminal, unilateral, lax at base, sometimes compound ;

pedicels short (0 to -2 in. long), alternate or opposite, in bud and

flower suberect; bract and 2 prophylla at base of the pedicel small

bristles (hardly -125in. long). Calyx :2 to -25 in. long, divided very

nearly to the base into 5 linear or narrow-oblong segments. Corolla

short or long ; tube inflated upwards or linear; lobes 5, imbricated in

the bud. Stamens 4, didynamous, all perfect; filaments united in

pairs at the base, glabrous or slightly hairy near the base ; anther-cells

2, oblong, parallel, at equal height, at base muticous or minutely

auricled ; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally ribbed in the type species.

Ovary hairy; style long, glabrous except near the base; stigmatic

lobes 2 equal, hemiglobose ; ovules in each cell 2. Capsule oblong,

4-seeded in the upper part; base contracted, sterile. Seeds compressed,

round, often tubercled or rough, without hairs. Species 30, in South-

east Asia, and in Tropical and South Africa.

Flowers alternate ; inflated part of corolla-tube longer than

the base a AC Shs a .. 1. A. coromandeliana.

Flowers mostly opposite; corolla-tube linear, widened near

the top od ac Be ac .. 2. A. intrusa.

1. ASYSTASIA COROMANDELIANA, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. III.

89 (1832). A more or less dull-pubescent herb, 1 to 4 ft. high.

Leaves from 1 to 3°5 in. long, ovate, triangular-acute at tip, entire, the

margin undulate or sometimes obscurely toothed ; petiole -25 to 1°75

in. long. Facemes 1 to 4 in. long, rarely divided (paniculate), on a

peduncle 1 to 4 in. long. Sepals -2 in. long, linear, pubescent. Corolla

varying from lurid pale-purple to nearly white, 1 to 1:25 in. long (see

however, remark on form 6 below); the contracted cylindric base of

the tube much shorter than its inflated upper half. Pollen 75 by 45 p,

with 2 stopples, and longitudinal ribs beside each stopple. Capsule

1 in. long; solid cylindric base -35 in.; seeds ‘2 in. in diam., com-

pressed, ovoid, wrinkled or subtubercular. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI.

165 (with syn. and var.); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 792; Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 493 (with syn.) ; Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 131, Fl. Cap. V.

42. A. gangetica, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 326,

fig. 131; Prain Beng. Plants 813.

Penance: Deschamps; Waterfall, King; John Scott. SINGAPORE:

Deschamps; T. Anderson; Hullett 67.—Distris. Indian Peninsula ;

Tropical and South Africa; elsewhere perhaps only a weed of

cultivation.

668 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

There is no definite line between the examples of this species with small corolla

(as John Scott’s Penang example, with corolla only 75 in. long and small leaves) and

the 4A. chelonoides, Nees. T. Anderson called our present plant A. gangetica ;

while he has twice marked the Java A. chelonoides (with subcompound inflorescence)

as A. coromandeliana.

9. Asysrasia InTRUSA, Blume Bijdr. 796 (1825) (ewcl. syn.). A

slender undershrub, 2 to 5 ft. high, sparingly pubescent. Leaves

2 to 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate; base obtriangular. Racemes 1 to

2 in. long; flowers often opposite. Corolla ‘7 to :75 in. long, dull

pink; tube linear, widened only near the top. Capsule ‘75 in. long;

seeds 4, tubercular. Stamens, pollen, pisttl, nearly as of A. coro-

mandeliana. Moritsi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 47; Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor.

p. 149 (excl. syn.); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 493;

Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). A. Blumez,

Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 167; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 793; Lindau in

Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 326. Isochoriste yavanica, Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 822; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV.

3B, 326.

Penane: J. Scott; Deschamps; Curtis 2741; Waterfall, Curtes

1853, 3732. SinearporE: Schomburgk 72; Hullett; Ridley 3862.—

Distris. Frequent throughout the Malay Archipelago.

Nees altered the name of this plant, because he says that there existed an earlier

Asystasia intrusa of Forskahl; Forskahl’s name, however, was Ruellia intrusa.

20. PHIALACANTHUS, Benth.

Calyx-segments united into a tube at the base (very shortly so in

P. minor). Inflorescence glabrous or very nearly so; pedicels spreading,

with nodding flowers. Capsule, where known (1.e. in P. Wrayt),

supported by the hardened elongate calyx-tube; otherwise as P'sletza.—

Distris. Species 4, vzz. the 3 below, and P. Groffithi, Benth., from

Kast Assam.

Calyx-tube about as long as the teeth. Pollen with 12 raised

strong longitudinal ribs Ss Fi 1. P. Wrayi.

Calyx-tube shorter than the teeth. Pollen with very obscure

longitudinal ribs :-—

Corolla 1:25 in. long 36 oe me .. 2. P. major.

Corolla ‘6 in. long 50 66 te .. 3. P. minor.

1. PuiatacantHus Wrayi, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A branched

nearly glabrous shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves opposite, equal; lamina

5 by 2 in., narrowed at either end, subentire; tip acuminate ; rhaphides

obscure; petiole ‘75 to 1 in. long. Pamicles 2 to 4 in. long, terminal,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 669

sometimes reduced to a simple raceme; bracts scarcely ‘1 in. long ;

pedicels 0 to -2 in. long, in opposite pairs. Calyx in flower ‘25 to

*35 in. long; teeth triangular-lanceolate, acute; calyx in fruit

hardening, lengthening (up to ‘5 in. and upwards). Corolla 1 in. long

and upwards, pale primrose (Wray). Stamens 4; filaments glabrous,

united in pairs; anthers sub-equal, the two cells ellipsoid-oblong, at

equal height, hardly auricled at the base; pollen 80 by 15 p, with 2

stopples, and 12 strong raised ribs. Capsule more than 1 in. long,

oblong-ellipsoid, smooth, 4-seeded in the upper half; retinacula large.

Perak: Gunong Summit, alt. 6700 ft., Wray 378.

P. Grifithii, Benth., has pollen exactly as of P. Wrayi, and is closely allied to

it, but has a much more open and compound inflorescence.

2. PHIaLAcANTHUS MasorR, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. A nearly glabrous

shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high. Leaves opposite, equal; the blade up to 8 by

3 in., narrowed at each end; petiole more than 1 in. long. Panicles

2 to 5 in. long, terminal, sometimes reduced to a simple raceme;

flowers opposite; pedicels -175 in. long, spreading; buds drooping.

Calyx nearly -35 in. long, divided more than half-way down; teeth

lanceolate. Corolla 1:25 in. long, waxy yellowish-white. Stamens

nearly as of P. Wrayz, but the pollen only obscurely ribbed longitudi-

nally. Puzstil as of P. Wrayt.

Perak: Scortechini 249 ; alt. 2500 to 4000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 8146,

10929.

3. PHIALACANTHUS MINOR, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Very like P. major,

but smaller in every part. Leaves smaller, sometimes only 3 by °7 in.

Calyx divided nearly to the base, ‘2 in. long; segments linear. Corolla

‘8 in. long.

Perak: Scortechinz.

21. Finetia, Mig.

Herbs or small shrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal, petioled, entire,

with few or no rhaphides. Panicle symmetrically terminal, frequently

reduced nearly to a raceme or spike; pedicels largely opposite ; bracts

-small, inconspicuous, except in F’. bracteosa. Calyx :175 to -25 in. long,

divided nearly to the base into 5 narrow segments. Corolla-tube linear

or cylindric, conspicuously 2-lipped; posticous lip erect, subentire ;

anticous of 3 oblong lobes. Stamens 4, perfect, subsimilar; anthers

2-célled, the cells oblong, muticous, one placed half-way below the

other, or nearly at equal height; pollen short-ellipsoid, with 2 stopples,

and longitudinally striate. Pzstzl glabrous, or hairy in the lower half

of the style; ovules 2 in each cell; style shortly 2-fid, or with one

‘

670 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branch obsolete. Capsule stalked, with 4 smooth, flat seeds in the

clavate upper part (where known).—Distris. Species about 10, being

those here described, the type F’. costuwlata from Sumatra, Ff’. africana,

Lindau, and several from Borneo.

We have 8 divisions of Filetia :—

Div. 1. Hu-Finetra.—Corolla-tube linear, ‘6 in. long; palate glabrous. Cells

of the anthers quadrate, glabrous. Pollen with longitudinal lines.—Filetia costu-

lata, Miq.

Div. 2. Prraxra.—Corolla-tube :4 in. long, cylindric; palate (usually densely)

furred. Cells of the anthers oblong or narrow-oblong, the upper one fringed with

hair. Pollen with longitudinal latticed bands.--Here belong the 4 species below

described, and some of Malaya.

Div. 2. Arro-FinErr1a.—Corolla-tube +125 to ‘175 of an inch long; palate glabrous.

Anther-cells roundish, the lower divaricate.—Here belongs Filetia africana, Lindau.

Panicle spreading. Sepals small, acute, pubescent .. IL. F. paniculata.

Panicle reduced to a raceme or spike. .Sepals glabrous, hardly

acute :—

Bracts ovate, larger than the calyx .. ae .. 4. F. bracteosa.

Bracts inconspicuous :—

Flowers subsessile. Leaves elliptic or subovate . 3. F. Scortechinit.

Flowers pedicelled. Leaves oblong are .. 4. F. Ridleyi.

1. Finetia panicunata, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branches (seen) 8 to

12 in. long, glabrate, woody below. Leaves: blade 4:5 by 2 in,

elliptic, narrowed at either end, nearly glabrous; nerves 8 to 10 pairs ;

petioles :25 to -35 in. long. Inflorescence of 3, nearly simple, racemes

2 to 4 in. long; floral leaves at base of inflorescence °5 in. long, linear ;

flowers mostly in opposite separate pairs, on pedicels -125 in. long ;

bract at base of pedicel linear, 125 to -175 in. long. Sepals -175 in.

long, linear, pubescent, acute. Corolla, 7 in. long, yellowish, densely

hairy down the throat (Scortechini). Pollen 70 by 40 p, the longi-

tudinal bands latticed. Style hairy at base; ovary nearly glabrous.

Perak: Scortechins 604.

Scortechini marked correctly his Filetias as nov. genus next Lepidagathis.

2. FILETIA BRACTEOSA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous.

Leaves: blade up to 9 by 3 to 3:5 in., elliptic, narrowed at either end;

nerves 12"pairs; petioles up to ‘7 in. long. Inflorescence a dense nearly

simple spike 3 by ‘7 in.; flowers mostly in opposite pairs, nearly

sessile ; the bract ovate or nearly round, ‘2 in. long. Sepals ‘2 in. long,

linear-ligulate, glabrous, hardly acute. Corolla and stamens nearly as

of F. paniculata. Style hairy in the lower half. Capsule 1 in. long,

with 4 seeds in the upper half (resembling the capsule of Hranthemuwm). —

PERAK: Scortechim (none of the 4 sheets numbered).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 671

3. Fruetta Scorrrecurini, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A much-branching

nearly glabrous undershrub. Leaves: blade in the typical collections

of Scortechini 2°5 by 1 in., elliptic, rather oblique ; nerves 5 to 6 pairs ;

petioles 0 to -2 in. long; in Wray 1505 the leaves are 4:5 by 1°75 in.,

obovate with cuneate base (see also var. 6 below). Inflorescence a

simple spike 2 to 3 in. long; flowers subsessile, in opposite pairs; bract

125 to :175 in. long, oblong. Sepals :25 in. long, linear-ligulate,

glabrous, hardly acute. Corolla ‘7 in. long, white or pale yellow,

furred in the throat but much less so than in fF. paniculata. Stamens

and pollen as of F’. paniculata. Style slightly hairy at the base.

PERAK: Scortechin; alt. 4500 to 4900 ft., Wray 258, 1505.

Var. 6 evolutior. Branches elongate, with long internodes. Leaves :

blade up to 5:5 by 2:25 in.; nerves 8 pairs; petiole up to ‘d in. long.

Sprke elongate, loose; the lower pairs of flowers are far apart.

PERAK: Scortechini 306.

This may differ specifically ; the flowers are exactly as of F. Scortechinii type.

4, Fiuetia Ripueyt, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A much-branched nearly

glabrous undershrub. Leaves 3 by ‘75 in., oblong, narrowed at each end;

margins undulate; petioles :25 to ‘35 in. long. aceme 2 to 3 in. long,

rather loose, with opposite pairs of pedicelled flowers; pedicels -125 to

‘175 in. long; bract oblong, shorter than the calyx. Sepals :2 in. long,

linear-ligulate, subobtuse, glabrous. Corolla ‘7 to ‘8 in. long, white,

shaped as of fF’. paniculata. Stamens as of F’. paniculata; the anther-

cells rather narrower. Style thinly clothed with long white hairs.

Capsule 1 in. long, clavate; the 4 seeds in the broadly obovate top.

Perak: Fidley 9771.

992. Leprpacatuis, Willd.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire, undulate or crenate. Inflorescence

of spikes, or of panicles narrowed almost to spikes, many-flowered ;

bracts secund, usually longer than the sepals, elliptic or narrow-lanceo-

late, acute ; prophylla smaller than the bracts. Calyx divided nearly to

the base into narrow-lanceolate segments, whereof 2 are often larger,

2 are sometimes connate at the base. Corolla-tube cylindric; limb

2-lipped; the 5 segments not very unequal. Stamens 4, subsimilar ;

anther-cells 2, parallel, oblong, often minutely mucronate at the base,

at equal height or one slightly below the other; pollen small, ellipsoid,

with longitudinal rows of large patches. Stigma nearly entire. Cap-

sule small, 2- or 4-seeded, conic, hairy at top. Seeds flattened, orbicular,

hygroscopically hairy on the margin or nearly glabrate.—Species 60, in

the hotter regions of the Old World ; 2 in America,

672 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Lindau, in order to get Lepidaguthis into a Tribe characterized by honeycombed

pollen, advances the explanation that in Lepidagathis honeycomb bands are indicated

by rows of points. I reckon honeycomb-pollen to be globose without longitudinal

bands, and I do not esteem the pollen of Lepidagathis as honeycomb-pollen.

Flowers *5 in. long. Spikes rarely up to 3 in. long :—

Leaves 3 to5in. long. Spikes -5 to ld in. long . .. IL. L. incurva.

Leaves 6 to 7in. long. Spikes2to3in.long .. .. 2. i. chlorostachya.

Flowers 1 to 1:3 in. long. Spikes 4 to 8 in. long :—

Upper bracts elliptic-lanceolate. Corolla pink-purple, 1 in.

long os DC 3: 20 .. 3. L. longifolia.

Upper bracts linear. Corolla white, 1:3 in. long .. 4, L. macrantha.

1. Lepmacatuis IncurvA, D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 119 (1825).

Stem suberect, 1 to 2 ft. high, decumbent, rooting at base. Leaves 3 to

5 in. long, oblong, narrowed at each end, pubescent or nearly glabrate ;

margin often undulate; petiole ‘5 in. long. Spzrkes ‘5 to 1:5 in. long,

oblong, axillary and terminal, erect, sessile, often clustered, ciliate, often

softly hairy; bracts secund, nearly ‘5 in. long, lanceolate, mucronate ;

prophylla nearly -35 in. long, lanceolate, mucronate. Sepals 5, narrow-

lanceolate, nearly ‘35 in. long, unequal. Corolla :25 in. long, white with

brown spots on the palate. Anther-cells one slightly below the other,

often minutely tailed. Capsule :2 in. long, conic, hairy at top. Seeds

4, flat, slightly hairy on the margin. Kurz in Flora LITI. 363 (1870).

L. hyalina, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 95 (1832), and in DC.

Prodr. XI. 252; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 815; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 521; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 244 (1890) ;

Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pfianzenfam. IV. 38, 313; Prain Beng.

Plants 815. JL. cephalotes, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 492. Ruelha

dependens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 49. Hypoestes cephalotes, Link Jahrb.

III. 48.

Penance: Curtis 2760, 3733; Radley 2760, 7170, alt. 100 to 200 ft. ;

King’s Collector 1292. Kernan: Ridley 8319.— Distris. Common

throughout India; extending to China and Malaya.

9. LEPIDAGATHIS CHLOROSTACHYA, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 256

(1847). Leaves 7 by 2°25 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate

at the base. Spikes often 2 to 3 in. long, broader than in L. meurva ;

otherwise as in L. imcwrva. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 496

(1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 519.

Penang: Pulo Poongah, Curtis 2941.—Disrris. Mergui, Griffith

(K.D.) 6141.

This is a much larger plant than L. incurva ; the bracts are longer and the spikes

manifestly broader, but the corolla is hardly longer.

3. LEPIDAGATHIS LONGIFoLIA, Wight Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t, 1564 (1850).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 673

Shrubby, 3 to 6ft. high. Leaves up to 9 by 2in., lanceolate, acuminate

at either end, glabrous; petioles ‘7 in. long. Panicles narrowed nearly

to spikes, 6 to 8 in. long, pubescent; bracts lax, ‘75 by °35 in., elliptic,

apiculate. Sepals nearly ‘5 in. long, lanceolate, unequal. Corolla

‘‘pink-purple ” or “ dull crimson,” 1 in. long; tube at top subcampanu-

late. Anther-cells at equal height, minutely mucronate at the base;

pollen of the genus. Capsule seen only young, promises to be conic,

small. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 499 (1867); C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 523; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,

IIT. 332 (1893).

Mauacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 6138; Maingay (K.D.) 1751; Goodenough

1690. Neart Sempinan: Muar, Fox 11283. Pananea: Ridley 2174.

JoHorE: Ridley 11127; Curtes. Prrax: Scortechini 2038; Wray 1297 ;

Goenong Panli, King’s Collector 229; alt. 300 to 500 ft., Keng’s Collector

3025, 10040. Kora Guaneer and Putau Tawar: fide Ridley. SEuan-

Gor: Curtis 2362. Sineca: Hullett 5718.

4, LEPIDAGATHIS MACRANTHA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Bracts lanceolate

at top, the upper nearly linear, °75 by -125 in. Corolla white, very

pubescent without, 1:3 in. long; otherwise as L. longifolia.

PerRAK: alt. 300 ft., Wray 3385.

This may prove a variety only of L. longifolia, Wight; among the abundant

collections of L. longifolia there is no specimen that matches L. macrantha.

23. BaruEria, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs, sometimes prickly. Leaves opposite or

whorled, two of a whorl often reduced to spines. Inflorescence a ter-

minal spike (in the Malay Peninsula plants); bract large; prophylla 2

or 0. Calyx large, of 4 distinct segments, 2 inner segments much the

smaller. Corolla with a cylindric tube an inch or more long. Stamens

2, perfect; anther-cells 2, at equal height, muticous; pollen globose,

honeycombed. Ovary with 2 to 1 ovules in each cell; stigmas 2, short.

Capsule ovoid; seeds 2 to 4, large, shaggy with hygroscopic hairs or

nearly glabrate.—Species 120, mostly in Africa and Tropical Asia, a

few in America.

‘Leaves with interpetiolar spines. Corolla yellow .. oo. dle 184 JARO TOGUIR.

Spineless. Corolla blue ot ate ie -. 2. B. conspicua.

1. BarueriA Prionitis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 636 (1753). Glabrous or

nearly so. Stems 1 to 3 ft. high. Leaves 2 to 5 by -3 to 1 in,

elliptic, narrowed at both ends, mucronate; interpetiolar spines -25

to ‘7O in. long. Inflorescence terminal; lower flowers of the spike

often a little distant; flower-bract lanceolate, widened at the base;

674 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

posticous sepal nearly -5 in. long, elliptic mucronate; anticous calyx-

segment similar to the posticous sepal. Corolla yellow; tube hardly

‘dO in. long; posticous lip of 4 connate segments ‘7 in. long; anticous

lip clawed, shorter. Capsule -5 to ‘7 in. long, 2-seeded. C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 482 (wth syn.); Lindau in Engl. &

Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 314, tt. 1050, 1068, 1258; Dyer FI. Cap.

V. 46 (with syn.); Prain Beng. Plants 811, 812.

Mauacca: Griffith ; ge 2696; Harvey; Derry 271.—DistR1B.

Africa, India.

This plant (with closely allied species) is abundant in Africa, and probably wild

in Western India. In Eastern India it is cultivated, and found near villages. It may

not be wild at Malacca.

2. BaRnERIA conspicua, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 92 (1832).

Large, sparingly pubescent, without spines. Leaves 8 by 2 in., oblong,

acuminate at either end; petioles ‘Sin. Spzkes 5 by nearly 1 in., loose,

nearly continuous; bracteoles present, -7 in. long, linear-oblong, minutely

strigose ; outer sepals -7 in. long, lanceolate, one bifid at the top, with

some yellow hairs. Corolla 1 in. long, blue. Capsule -75 in. long,

narrowly oblong, glabrate, 4-seeded. Seeds ultimately nearly glabrate.

Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 226; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 493

(1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 489. Justicia con-

spicua, Wall. Cat. 2460.

Penane: Wallich.

24. HRaNTHEMUM, R. Brown [Linn. partem).

Undershrubs, some very small. Leaves opposite, equal or nearly so,

petioled, entire, often undulate or obscurely crenulate, nearly glabrous,

usually pubescent at least on the midrib beneath. Panzcles narrow, or

reduced to apparent spikes, terminal in the species of the Malay

Peninsula; bracts linear, inconspicuous, only in H. caudifolium so

much as ‘25 in. long. Calyx -125 to -2 in. long (-25 in. long or more in

EL. caudifoliwm), divided to the base into linear segments, pubescent,

ultimately often glabrate. Corolla showy, white or colorate; tube

linear (except in H. breviflos); segments 5, quadrate-elliptic, subequal,

spreading, more or less one-sided. Stamens 2; filaments very short;

anthers in the mouth of the tube or just exsert, of 2 parallel oblong

muticous cells placed at equal height; pollen shortly ellipsoid or sub-

globose, with 2 stopples and 6 to 10 longitudinal bands, often obscure.

Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell; style with 2 subequal minute lobes.

Capsule with a linear-cylindric base, and 2 to 4 seeds in the much-widened |

upper half, Seeds ovoid, flattened, glabrate, corrugate, — DIsTRIB,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 675

Species 90 (after Mackaya has been taken out), mainly in South-east

Asia and Oceania; a dozen species in Tropical Africa with Madagascar,

and a few in Tropical America.

Pistil clothed with brown hairs. Flowers °75 in. long .. L. EH. hirtipistillum.

Pistil with a few patent thin hairs or glabrate :—

Corolla-tube °5 to *6 in. long :—

Spikes 3 to 6 in. long; lower flowers solitary, distant .. 2. EH. porphyranthos.

Panicles 1°5 in. long, of 6 to 12 small flowers .. 3. EH. brevifios.

Panicles long, dense; flowers clustered or cymulose :—

Sepals -125 to -25 in. long; leaf-base-attenuate .. 4. HE. caudifolium.

Sepals scarcely 125 in. long; leaf-base obtuse 5. EH. selangorense.

Corolla-tube 1 to 1°3 in. long :—

Panicle often reduced to an apparent spike :—

Flowers white :—

Panicle of elongate, interrupted spikes .. 6. EH. album.

Spikes dense. Flowers clustered Ss .. 8. EH. Kingit.

Flowers coloured :—

Flowers solitary, all closein a continuous spike .. 7. EH. malaccense.

Flowers in whorls, the lower standing apart .. 9. EH. acuminatissimum.

Panicle with lower branches ‘175 in. long, carrying

small cymes 60 ac So .. 10. EH. Teijsmanni.

1. ERANTHEMUM HIRTIPISTILLUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. rect, 2 ft.

high, pubescent. Leaves up to 8 by 3 in., elliptic-acuminate, base sub-

obtuse, fuscous beneath, pubescent on both surfaces; primary nerves

10 pairs; petiole 1:5 in. Inflorescence of 3 to 1 panicles reduced to

spikes, 4 to 9 in. long; flowers in clusters of 1 to 5, opposite, mostly

‘25 to 1 in. apart; bracts linear, -175 in. long. Sepals -2 in,

linear, very pubescent. Corolla pale pink; tube ‘5 in. long; lobes

hardly -3 in. long. Stamens and pollen of the genus; the filaments

and anthers slightly hairy. Ovary and style-base clothed with erect

brown hairs. Capsule nearly 1 in. long, with 4 seeds in the hairy top,

constricted between the pairs of seeds. Seeds of the genus.

PERAK: Wray 1399.

2. HRANTHEMUM PORPHYRANTHOS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A sparingly

hairy, suberect, simple-stemmed undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves

very variable in size; blade sometimes 7 by 2°5 in., sometimes 2 by °7 in.,

elliptic-lanceolate-acute; base cuneate; margin often undulate, sub-

crenulate ; lower surface nearly glabrous or pubescent on the midrib,

often when dry whitened; primary nerves 6 pairs; petioles -25 to °3 in.

long. Inflorescence a linear spike, 3 to 6 in. long (but see var. f) ;

flowers sessile, in opposite pairs, the lower pairs °25 to 35 in. (and

upwards), distant; bracts linear, hardly -175in. long. Sepals -16 in. long,

linear, minutely pubescent. Corolla purple, or light purple, or “ white

676 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tinged carnation ” (Scortechini) ; tube ‘5 in. long, linear, very slender,

the upper ‘175 in. widened, oblong; lobes elliptic, 35 in. long. Stamens

of the genus. Style slightly hairy near the base. Capsule ‘7 in. long,

with 4 seeds in the top, minutely pubescent, constricted between the

pairs of seeds; seeds corrugated, subscabrous. H. crenulatum, Nees in

DC. Prodr. XI. 453 (a partly). EH. malaccense, C. B. Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 498 (partly).

Penane: Ridley; Deschamps; Curtis 499. Manacca: Cuming 2357.

PERAK: Scortechina 114, 543, 564; Lartt Perak, alt. 1000 to 1500 ft.,

King’s Collector 3907.

The very slender short tube of the corolla, having an oblong dilatation in the

upper third of it, marks this species off from most Hranthemums.

Var. B evolutior, C. B. Clarke. Panicle of numerous elongate spikes,

with additional spikes from the leaf-axils ; corolla-tube up to °7 in. long.

Penane: Waterfall, Curtes 348.

3. HRANTHEMUM BREVIFLOS, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A small, woody,

crooked-stemmed, branched, nearly glabrous undershrub, 4 to 8 in. high.

Leaves 4 by 1:75 in., elliptic, shortly narrowed at each end; nerves

6 pairs; ‘midrib beneath glabrate in the mature leaf; petioles -25 to -75 in.

long. Inflorescence a panicle 1°5 in. long, of 6 to 12 flowers, nearly

glabrate, on a peduncle ‘d in. long; pedicels 0 to -175 in. long; bracts

minute, setaceous. Sepals -125 in. long, linear, when young minutely

pubescent. Corolla “grey”; tube -25 in. long, cylindric. Stamens and

pollen of Hranthemum, glabrous. Capsule 8 to ‘9 in. long, linear-oblong ;

seeds 4, in the upper part, nearly smooth.

PreRAK: Goping, King’s Collector 518.

This plant appears closely allied in habit to Z. album; the short cylindric corolla-

tube and linear-conic capsule (not suddenly narrowed into a cylindric stalk) with

smooth seeds, suggest that it may belong to a different genus.

4, EHRANTHEMUM CAUDIFOLIUM, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A shrub, 4 to

5 ft. high, branched upwards, sparingly pubescent. Leaves: blade

7°5 by 2°5 in., elliptic, acuminate at either end, with a linear caudate tip

(in Scortechini n. 447), but in other examples leaves are seen narrower

with a shorter tip; nerves 7 to 8 pairs; petioles of the lower leaves

often 2 to 2°5 in. long, of the upper only :25 in. Inflorescence a narrow

dense panicle 6 by 2 in., with brown pubescence; lateral branches

hardly -2 in. long, carrying small dense cymes; bracts -35 in. long,

linear, setaceous. Sepals ‘175 to -25 in. long, linear, caudate.

Corolla white (Curtis) ; tube ‘5 to ‘6 in. long, often curved towards the

top; segments ‘2 in. long. Stamens of the genus. Piste and style

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 677

very thinly hairy. Capsule 1 in. long, with 4 seeds in the upper

part.

Perak: Scortechint 447, 1531; Curtis 3150, 3341. Drnvines:

Firdley 3066 bis.

There are abundant collections and a detailed MS. description of this plant by

Scortechini. It is easily recognized by the small flowers with a large capsule, some-

times more than an inch long.

5. ERANTHEMUM SELANGORENSE, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A branched

shrub, minutely pubescent. Leaves: blade 5 to 6 by 2°5 in., elliptic-

acuminate; base obtuse or rounded. Panicle 3 by 1 to 2 in.; lower

branches sometimes much developed, 1 in. long, carrying 3 to 6 flowers.

Sepals scarcely -175 in. long. Corolla-tube ‘6 in. long. Otherwise as

EL. caudzfolium.

SeLAncor: Sungu Bulu, Goodenough 10547; Kwala Lumpor, Curtis

2367.

6. EHRANTHEMUM ALBUM, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 455 (1847). A

nearly glabrate undershrub, 1 to 3 ft. high. Stem usually lignescent,

with white bark, to the very base of the inflorescence. Leaves opposite,

subequal; blade 5-5 by 2:5 in., shortly acuminate at either end, often

whitened underneath; margins often obscurely undulate, crenulate ;

nerves 7 pairs; petioles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Inflorescence a panicle of many

thin spikes, 4 to 8 in. long (poor examples with one spike occur) ;

flowers mostly solitary, in distant pairs, the lower -25 in. apart or more;

bracts linear, 175 in.; pedicels 0 to -175 in. (i.e., the spike is itself a

contracted panicle). Sepals -175 in. long, linear, minutely pubescent.

Corolla white; tube 1 to 1:3 in. long, linear, exactly the same width to

the top. Stamens and pistil glabrous; pollen subglobose, 30 » in diam.,

lightly banded longitudinally. Capsule 1 in. long, glabrous or scarcely

microscopically puberulous, 4-seeded near the top, slightly contracted

between the pairs of seeds. Seeds corrugated. C.B.Clarke in Hook.f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 498; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singa-

pore 1900); Prain Beng. Plants 814. H. dwersifolium, Miq. FI. Ind.

Bat. II. 837. EH. crenulatum, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 453. Var. a

(partum), 454; Var. y angustifolia (partim). Justicia alba, Roxb. FI.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 117 (1820) ; Ic. Ined. 1105 in hb. Kew. J.

orbiculata, Wall. Cat. 24898.

Mauacca: Griffith. Mauay Preninsuta: Griffith (K.D.) 6175

(partly).—Distrip. Chittagong; Pegu; abundant in the Andamans

and Nicobars; Malaya.

Nees’ type example of his E. Zollingerianum, viz. Zollinger 162 in Java lectus, is in

Kew, but is not this. In the large examples the panicle has many long curved spikes,

678 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

the secund flowers all turned to the convex side of the spike. The smaller forms (?),

i.e. J. orbiculata, Wall., have a single straight spike.

7. HRANTHEMUM MALACCENSE, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. TV. 498 (1884) (tab. et syn. excl.). Innovations pubescent. Stem

up to 4 to 5 ft. high, often branching. Leaves: blade 5:5 by 1:25 in.,

lanceolate or narrow, elliptic-lanceolate, acute at either end; nerves

7 pairs, oblique; petioles -175 to ‘35 in. long. Flowers subsessile,

numerous, close together in a spike nearly continuous to its base,

mostly solitary, opposite; spikes 2 to 3 in. long, one or several at the

end of each branch ; pedicels rarely up to ‘075 in. long; bracts hardly

longer than the pedicels. Sepals about -075 in. long, narrow, pubescent.

Corolla of one colour, variously noted as violet, purple, pink, pink-

yellow, yellow-green ; tube 1-125 in. long, linear to the top. Stamens

of the genus. Pustil with few patent thin hairs or subglabrate.

Capsule (in a Yunnan plant referred here) ‘7 in. long, clavate, 4-seeded,

very nearly glabrous. Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soce., ser. 2, III. 333

(1893). H. erectwm, T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. Ind. new ser.

I. 286 (1868). H. crenulatwm var. grandiflora, T. Anders. l.c. H. Blumez,

T. Anders. l.c. (non Nees). EH. crenulatwm, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rav.

III. 107 (in large part), and in DC. Prodr. XI. 523 (in part, not of

Lindley). Pseuderanthemum malaccense, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl

Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 330.

PROVINCE WELLESLEY: Curtis 203; Radley 2231. Kenan: Tei

Island, Curtis; Radley 8335. Matacca: common, fide Ridley; Groffith

(K.D.) 6175; Cuming 2389; Harvey; Goodenough 1713; Holmbury 732 ;

Mt. Ophir, Lobb. Prax: alt. 500 ft., King’s Collector 8567, 8626, 8665 ;

Curtis 3327. Prxan: fide Ridley. JonHore: Curtvs.—DistRrip. Siam.

This species, abundant in its area, is characterized by the uniform inflorescence,

and is always collected in flower. LH. palatiferum, Bot. Mag. t. 5957, of which (in FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 498) I referred one piece to EH. malaccense, is undoubtedly all true

E. palatiferum, of which it has the characteristic inflorescence; the colour of the

flowers varies from pale pink to bluish purple in both species. The name E. erectum,

T. Anders., is older than EH. malaccense, but was published without one word of

description.

8. ErantHemMum Kine, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Branches elongate,

with long internodes. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate at the tip,

hardly acuminate at the base, paler beneath when dry. Spvkes solitary,

2 to 4 in. long, dense; the lower axils with 1 to 3 flowers in each

axil. Corolla white; tube 1:125 in. long. Otherwise as H. malaccense,

C. B. Clarke.

JoHorRE: Jaffaria, King. Sincapore; Hullett 810,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 679

The leaves of this species resemble those of H. albwm, Nees, while the spikes

resemble those of E. malaccense, but are slightly more pubescent, and the corolla

is white. /

9. ERANTHEMUM ACUMINATISSIMUM, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 835

(1856). Erect, nearly glabrous. Leaves: blade 8°5 by 2 in., acuminate-

attenuate at either end; nerves 8 pair, oblique; rhaphides on the upper

surface numerous, very short; petioles lin. Spikes 1 to 3, 7 to 10 in.

long, many-flowered, the lower clusters half-whorled, -5 to 1 in. apart,

with 5 to 10 flowers to the whorl; the upper whorls fewer-flowered,

coalescent; bracts -2 in. long, lanceolate-linear. Sepals -2 in. long,

nearly linear, ultimately nearly glabrous. Corolla white, with one

segment purple-spotted; tube 1:25 in. long. Stamens of the genus.

Capsule 1:125 in. long, with 4 seeds in the upper part, slightly con-

stricted between the seeds. H. Anderson, Masters in Gard. Chron.

134, 136 (1869); Bot. Mag. t. 5771; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 499; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, III. 333 (1893), and in

Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900). H. elegans, Masters in

Gard. Chron. 1234 (1868) (not of R. Brown). H. Blume, Hassk. Cat.

Hort. Bogor. 151; T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc. Ind. new ser.

I. 285 (1868), and in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 523 (1867); Kurz in Flora

LITT. 363 (1870) (not of Miquel). H. daantherwm, Blume Bijdr. 793 (not

of Roxb.). H. aspersum, Hook. Bot. Mag. 5711. Pseuderanthenuum

Anderson, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 330.

Sincapore: 7’. Anderson 112. Java: cult. in Hort. Bogor. (Kurz

379). Ridley, l.c., thinks the Singapore collection was probably a

garden escape.

The ‘‘type”’’ of E. acuminatissimum, Miquel, from Utrecht, proves identical with

the HZ. Andersoni, Masters. It was, perhaps, H. viscidum B acuminatissimum, Hassk,

Hort. Bogor. p. 151, but not EH. viscidum B Blume. The E. Blumei, Miq. (Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 836) is before me, and very closely allied to E. acuminatissimum, but has (as

Miquel says) smaller leaves, smaller bracts, and smaller calyx.

10. ErnantHemMum Tetssmanni, T. Anders. in Journ. Agri.-Hort. Soc.

Ind. new ser. I. 285 (1868). ‘A shrubby creeper, 8 to 12 ft. long”

(King’s Collector). Branches °25 in. in diam., with numerous

secondary branches springing at arightangle. Leaves: blade 6 by 2 in.,

broad-oblong, acuminate; nerves 6 pair; base often rounded or

truncate, but on the same branch sometimes cuneate-oblique; petioles

‘25 to 1:25 in. long. Inflorescence a narrow, many-flowered panicle

rarely so much as 6 in. long; the lower branches hardly -175 in. long,

carrying small cymes (almost clusters) of flowers. Calyx and corolla

(white tinged blue) as of #. acumimnatissemum, Mig. EH. Blwmet, Hort.

Buitenzorg vix Miquel. H. crenulatwm ? var., T. Anders. MS.

680 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak: Scortechinta 1356; Tapa, alt. 2000 to 3000 ft., Wray 837 ;

King’s Collector 2176 ; Larut, alt. 5000 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 5489.

Mauacca: H.D. 364.

T. Anderson’s whole diagnosis of his E. Teijsmanni is ‘‘a fine species with a

straggling habit’; and I have no authentic specimen; the name is disposable.

Whether this was the imperfectly known Z£. graciliflorum, Nees (Wall. Pl. As.

Rar. V. 3, 107), from Penang I cannot say ; it is not the E. gracilifiorum of Madura

(Java) distributed from the Buitenzorg Garden. This species resembles much

E. hirtipistillum (collected at the same locality), but the corolla-tube is here 1:3 to

1-5 in. long.

25. Cuinacantuus, Nees.

A rambling shrub. Flowers conspicuous, in small drooping cymes

at the ends of the branches; bracts and prophylla small, linear. Sepals

5, equal, linear. Corolla-twbe narrow, funnel-shaped; limb 2-lipped.

Stamens 2; anthers of 1 cell, oblong, muticous; pollen ellipsoid, with

2 longitudinal bands. Style very shortly 2-fid. Capsule stalked, 4-

seeded. Only 1 species.

1. CurvacantHus Burmanni, Nees in DC. Prodr. X. 511 (1847).

Stems round. Leaves glabrate; blade 3 by ‘5 to ‘8 in, elliptic-

lanceolate or lanceolate, entire or crenate; base obtuse or attenuate ;

petiole -25 in. long. Cymes pubescent, 5- to many-flowered; bracts ‘125 in.

long. Sepals -25 in. long, minutely hairy. Corolla orange-red or dull

scarlet, 1-25 in. long, lobed one-third to half-way down. Stamens gla-

brous, no rudiments. Style glabrous. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 854;

C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 524; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl

Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 340; Hemsl.in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 244

(1890). C. nutans, Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 340.

Justicia nutans, Burm. Fl. Ind. 10, t. 5, fig. 1. J. fulgida, Blume Bijdr.

784. Beleropone ? fulgida, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 151.

Manacca: Maingay 1977 (K.D. 1180); Songkah, Curtis 2904.—

Distris. Siam, Borneo, Hainan.

26. Justicia, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal or sometimes pseud-

alternate, entire or undulate. Inflorescence various in the different

sections, from strobilate spikes to panicles with the flowers all

pedicelled ; bracts and prophylla small, linear, sometimes lanceolate, or

in the strobilate spikes round, large, imbricate (these large round bracts

in many cases cover more than one flower, and are then floral leaves).

Calyx small, deeply 5-fid (4-fid in Sect. RostEnnartA). Corolla-tube

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 681

shorter (or scarcely longer) than the 2-lipped limb; segments

imbricated (not twisted) in the bud. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, one

below the other, tailed; pollen ellipsoid, small, longitudinally ribbed

beside the stopples. Ovary 4-celled; style shortly bifid. Capsule

regularly dehiscent; 4-seeded (the placentz not springing elastically

from the base of the capsule), stalked with the seeds in the top, or

seed-bearing nearly from the base. Seeds ovoid, flattened, verrucose,

subtubercular, glabrous (except in Sect. RuapHrposporaA). — DisTRIB.

Species 150, widely spread throughout the hot regions of the world.

This genus is only artificially separated from several others (as from Leda

Adhatoda, Ptyssiglottis) by the white tail to the lower anther-cell. If this character

be not regarded as of generic importance, the number of species may be 300, as

in the arrangement by Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam.

Sect. 1. Bractzat#. Bracts (floral leaves) round, large,

strobilate at least in the young spikes :—

Flowers mostly solitary under each bract (fioral leaf) :—

Corolla glabrous without, except afew hairsatthe tip .. 1. J. ptychostoma.

Corolla hairy without :—

Nerves of the leaves 6 to 7 pairs :—

Leaves mostly cuneate at the base

Leaves rounded at the base

Nerves of the leaves 10 to 11 pairs

Flowers 2 to 3 or more clustered under each brane —

Bracts ‘5 in. long, including the petiole Br .. 5. J. subecymosa.

Bracts “6 in. long, subsessile ae .. 6. J. selangorensis.

Sect. 2. CanopHanorpEs. Flowers axillary, cymose, cas or

clustered; without a terminal cyme or panicle. Corolla

J. pubiflora.

. Scortechinii.

J. patulinervis.

wo ep wo

smal] :—

Leaves opposite, subequal :-—

Leaves elliptic as oe oe .. 7. J. quadrifaria.

Leaves linear-oblong .. an ae .. 8. J. Neesiana.

Leaves apparently alternate, i.e. one of each pair 0 or

minute, deciduous :—

Leaves on the nerves beneath and stem nearly glabrous :—

Herb, with long internodes oe oe .. 9. J. henicophylla.

Much-branched shrub ty Be .. 10. J. subalternans.

Leaves on the nerves beneath and stem hairy .. Ll. J. alternifolia.

Leaves one of each pair reduced to a persistent ear .. 12. J. otophora.

_ Sect. 3. Genparussa. Spikes terminal, and terminal on short

axillary branches; bracts mostly narrow, the lowest rarely

imbricate :—

Leaves narrow-oblong or lanceolate :—

Spikes dense; flowers clustered .. 2c .. 13. J. Gendarussa.

Spikes lax; flowers mostly solitary ake .. 14. J. Maingayi.

Leaves elliptic, large (5 to 8 in. long) :—

Peduneles short :—

Spikes linear, interrupted ac ale -- 15. J. vasculosa.

682 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Spikes dense ar os a . 16. J. uber.

Peduncles long ; carrying panicles of linear spikes .. 17. J. sumatrana.

Sect. 4. Rosternunar1a. Spikes cylindric; bracts narrow, about as

long as the calyx. Calyz of 4 linear segments, the 5th suppressed :—

Corolla °25 to :35 in. long.. bo ae .. 18. J. procumbens.

Justiciain conspicua, Dayd.-Jack. Ind. Kew., is a bare name, founded on Wall. Cat.

n. 2475. The ‘‘type’’ of this came from Penang; but Wallich sorted with it, doubt-

fully, one plant from hb. Wight, another from Silhet. I have not found n. 2475.

1. Justicia prycHostoma, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ITT. 108 (1832).

A herb, very sparingly pubescent. Stem 1 to 4 ft. high, branching ;

internodes 3 to 6 in. long. Leaves 65 by 2-25 in., elliptic-lanceolate,

acuminate at tip, cuneate at base (but see the Varieties below), often

undulate or obscurely crenate on the margin, with very small

rhaphides on both surfaces; primary nerves 7 to 9 pairs, oblique ;

petioles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long; opposite pairs of leaves equal or rarely

somewhat unequal. Peduwncles terminal, penultimate, or axillary, 1 to

2 in. long, frequently 2 from one axil; spike 1 in. long, or lengthening

to 1 to 4 in. long; bracts round, ovate, green, ‘3 to 35 in. long, shortly

stalked, very caducous, nearly glabrous, but often with white bristles

on the margin; with 1 (rarely 1 to 2) flower under each bract. Calyx

125 in. long, nearly glabrous; segments linear. Corolla lurid white-

yellow marked with purple grey lines; corolla before expansion nearly

‘5 in. long, glabrous without, or with a few hairs at the very tip.

Filaments glabrous ; anther-cells round, one lower than the other with

a short conic white tail; pollen small, ellipsoid, 30 » long, with two

stopples and two rows of tubercles (or round patches) on each side of

the stopple. Pzstil glabrous; style very shortly 2-fid. Capsule ‘5 in.

long, glabrate, 4-seeded. Seeds flattened, verrucose, subtubercled. T.

Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. TX. 517 (1867) ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. 4 534 (emend.). Ehytiglossa ptychostoma, Nees in DC. Prodr.

IT. 337. . ptychosperma, Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 825.

Perak: Scortechim 689; Wray 2046; alt. 100 ft., Keng’s Collector

2077. Penance: Porter (Wall. Cat. 2478). Kenan: Curtis 2117.

Var. 6 angustifolia, C. B. Clarke. Leaves lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate. ,

Perak: alt. 5000 ft., Gunong Inas, Wray 4130.

Var. y rotundifolia, C. B. Clarke. Leaves 6 by 3-5 in., rounded at

the base.

Perak: Fidley 7163.

Var. 0 auriculata, C. B. Clarke. Leaves narrowly, unequally cordate

at base, with two ears.

Perak: alt. 500 ft.; Kong's Collector 2062; Scortechint.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 683

This is a striking var.; some of Scortechini’s examples show on the same stem

leaves acute at base and leaves auricled at base.

Var. ¢ parvibracteata, C.B.Clarke. Spzkes interrupted at base; bracts

very small, round, long-petioled, spreading, hardly (or not) imbricated.

Perak: Ridley 7166; Goping, King’s Collector 555.

Wallich’s (one) type sheet of this is very imperfect, as can be inferred from Nees’

description, and my account in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. is erroneous both as to the

bracts and the synonymy.

2. JUSTICIA PUBIFLORA, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Leaves 4 to 6 in. long,

elliptic-lanceolate, cuneate or rounded at the base; nerves 6 pairs; rha-

phides none (or most obscure) on either surface. Peduncles terminal,

and a few axillary ; bracts (floral leaves) round-ovate, green, ‘35 in. long,

shortly stalked, pubescent, without white bristles on the margin. Calyx

pubescent. Corolla very hairy without. Style at base slightly hairy.

Anther-cells short-ellipsoid, the lower with a medium ovoid tail ; pollen

ellipsoid ; pores 2; one longitudinal row of tubercles on either side of

each pore. Otherwise resembling J. ptychostoma, Wall.

Perak: alt. 4000 ft., Keng’s Collector 3671; Scortechinc.

3. JUSTICIA PATULINERVIS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Sparingly pubescent.

Leaves 6 by 4 in., crenate, truncate at base, very shortly cuneate on the

petiole ; nerves 10 to 11 pairs, spreading at right angles from the mid-

rib. Sprke dense; bracts nearly glabrate, with some white bristles on

the margin. Corolla hairy without. Otherwise as J. pubzflora.

PERAK : Scortechint. |

4. Justicia Scortecuinu, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Leaves 3 to 4 in.

long, ovate or elliptic-acuminate, most of them rounded at the base,

crenulate; nerves 6 to 7 pairs, without rhaphides. Spzkes dense; bracts

round-ovate, imbricate, somewhat pubescent, not bristle-ciliate. Corolla

hairy without. Capsule hairy, nearly to the base. Otherwise as J.

pubifiora.

PERAK: Scortechini 41, 387.

The leaves have dried a rich brown in all the nine sheets of Scortechini. so that

_ they look very unlike the preceding three species.

5. Justicia suscymosa, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Stem 2 to 5 ft. high.

Leaves ovate-acuminate, up to 9 by 54 in., mostly obtuse at the base;

nerves 11 pairs; petioles 1 to 2 in. long. Inflorescence up to 9 by 1 in.;

bracts -5 in. long (petiole included), ovate, at first imbricated, in

fruit often distant patent ; a condensed cyme of 3 to 7 flowers under

each floral leaf. Sepals hardly -125 in. long, pubescent. Corolla pale

684 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

yellow, ‘5 in. long, hairy without. Capsule nearly -7 in. long, hairy to

the base. Stamens and pistil nearly as of J. ptychostoma.

PENANG: Curtis 1765. PERAK: Scortechinz; alt. 500 to 1000 ft.,

King’s Collector 5766, 10244. Srnancor; Ridley 7593.

A larger plant than the four preceding. It has been supposed allied to J. decus-

sata, Roxb., but the pseudo-spikes do not branch.

6. JUSTICIA SELANGORENSIS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Leaves 9 by 44 in

elliptic, shortly acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, dark purple

(Ridley) ; nerves 9 to 10 pairs, oblique; petioles 2 to 4in. long. Pe-

duncles ‘75 in. long; spikes 4 by 1:25 in., slightly pubescent; bracts

ovate or obovate, up to ‘6 in. long, subsessile, glabrate, imbricate, purple

(Ridley), with 2 or 3 flowers under each. Calyx small, glabrate. Corolla

white (Ridley). Capsule hardly ‘35 in. long, glabrate.

Senaneor: Fidley 7587.

I have seen no flowers. This may be near the group of J. burmanica and

J. Atkinsont.

7. JUSTICIA QUADRIFARIA, Wall. Cat. 2479 (1828-49). Branches

2 to 3 ft. long, little divided, pubescent. Leaves opposite, subequal,

somewhat pubescent, at least on the midrib; blade elliptic, 2 to 4 in.

long, acuminate at either end, entire; petiole 0 to -35in. long. Flowers

densely clustered in the axils, sometimes in small heads on short

axillary peduncles ; bracts (rather floral leaves) spathulate, rusty-pube-

scent, occasionally present. Sepals ‘25 in. long, linear, pubescent.

Corolla 25 to -35 in. long, white with rose spots. Stamens 2; anther-

cells 2, one below the other, tailed; style glabrous. Capsule 25 in.

long, glabrate or minutely pubescent ; solid pedicel very short; seeds 4,

verrucose-tubercular. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 514 (1867) ;

C. B. Clarke in Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 530; Lindau in Engl. &

Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 349; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI.

246 (1890). J. Zollingerrana, C. B. Clarke, l.c. Gendarussa quadri-

farva, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 105. Adhatoda quadrifarva and

Neesitana, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 396.

Singapore: Hullett 156. Seuanaor: Curtvs——Distris. Khasia,

Tenasserim, Sumatra, China.

8. Justicia Nessiana, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 513

(1867). Leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, 1:5 by -25 in. in the type

examples, but (in Wray 3538) attaining 4 by ‘75in. Sepals hardly

‘175 in. Corolla ‘25 in. long. Otherwise as J. quadrifarva, Wall. C.B.

Clarke in Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 531. Gendarussa Neestana, Wall.

Cat. 7175; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 105. Adhatoda Neeszana, .

Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 397.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 685

PERAK: Scortechini 38, 1304; alt. 300 ft., Wray 3538. Buneau R.:

Lobb.—Distris. Amherst.

Scortechini, n. 38, and Lobb’s example agree with the Wallichian Amherst plant.

Wray’s example is much larger, and from description is not separable from J. salici-

folia, T. Anders. (see Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 531), a Khasia plant, which, however, it does

not match. As stated in the Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 530, J. Neesiana should be esteemed only

a var. of J. quadrifaria.

9. JUSTICIA HENICOPHYLLA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. A herb, 1°5 to 4 ft.

high, nearly glabrous. Leaves apparently alternate, attaining 9 by

3°5 in., often only half these dimensions, elliptic or ovate, acuminate,

acute; base cuneate, not rarely unequal, with one side rounded or

almost cordate; primary nerves 7 pairs; petioles 0 to 25 in. long. In-

florescence of axillary peduncled cymes, sometimes small few-flowered,

sometimes compound 40-flowered (but less than half the length of

the leaf); bracts and prophylla minute. Sepals 5, linear, ‘175 in. long,

pubescent. Corolla a greenish cream-colour, the palate marked with

rose-purple, °35 in. in length, pubescent without; altogether as of a

Justicia. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; cells of anthers 2, ellipsoid,

one (half its length) below the other with a white tail; pollen ellipsoid,

30 p long, with 2 stopples, and a longitudinal row of patches on

either side of each stopple. Style hairy, shortly 2-fid at top. Capsule

‘7 in. long, glabrate; base cylindric, with 4 seeds in the upper (widened)

part; seeds glabrous, granular-scabrid.

The numerous examples here collected may include more species than one ; some

(King’s Collector 2189, Curtis 1342) have dried green ; others (Wray and Scortechini)

have dried red tinged black. The leaves in some are shortly acuminated, in others

- long acuminated. The base of the leaf varies greatly on one branch.

PERAK: Curtis 1342; Wray 1402, 2751; Scortechinz; alt. 500 ft.,

King’s Collector 2189, 10297.

Var. 6 caudata, C. B. Clarke. Leaves very unequal at the base; the

tip caudate, curved on one side.

PERAK: Goping, alt. 500 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 4349.

Var. y scandens, C. B. Clarke. ‘A slender creeper, 20 to 25 ft. high.”

_ Leaves at the base nearly equal-sided, cuneate.

PERAK: Goping, alt. 300 to 500 ft., King’s Collector 6058.

10. JUSTICIA SUBALTERNANS, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. A much-branched

shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, rarely

subequal, one of each pair often wanting or less than ‘125 in. long;

nearly sessile, 1-sided, curved, shining, 4 by 1-25 in. long, acuminate,

acute, minutely scabrous on the midrib beneath. Inflorescence of pe-

duncled, axillary, short cymes. Sepals :125 in. long, lanceolate, pube-

686 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

scent. Stamens 2; one anther-cell below the other, white-tailed. The

flowers and inflorescence much as of J. henicophylia.

PERAK: Kinta, alt. 300 to 800 ft., King’s Collector 7061.

11. JusTicIA ALTERNIFOLIA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Shrub, 2 to 3 ft.

high, with hairy stem. Leaves all alternate (2. ¢. one of each pair -1 in.

long, early deciduous) ; lamina ovate, oblique, acute, 7 by 3:5 in., very

unequal at the base; primary nerves 8 to 9 pairs, hairy on the under

side of the leaf; petioles ‘1 to :25 in. long. Inflorescence of small,

short-peduncled, pubescent, axillary, few-flowered cymes; bracts and

prophylla inconspicuous. Capsule -7 in. long, hairy, cylindric at base,

with 4 seeds at the top.

PERAK: alt. 500 to 700 ft., King’s Collector 10680.

The corolla has not been seen. This can hardly be a species of Hallieracantha,

as the cyme is too open and the calyx too small for that genus.

12. Justicia otopHorA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous.

Branches slender, round, zigzag. Leaves sessile, one of each pair re-

duced to an ovate persistent ear ‘25 to 35 in. long; the other 4:5 by

1:35 in., elliptic; base unequal, rounded on one side; tip caudate-

ligulate. Peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long, axillary, carrying small few-

flowered cymes. Sepals :175in. long, linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous.

Capsule ‘7 in. long, glabrate, cylindric at the base, with 4 seeds in

' the top.

PERAK: Scortechine.

The anther-tails have not been seen; it is inferred from the small calyx and

the peduncled cymes that the genus is Justicia (alternate-leaved section), and not

Hallieracantha.

13. Justicia Genparussa, Linn. f. Suppl. 85 (1781). Hrect, 2 to

4 ft. high. Leaves 4 by :75 in., lanceolate, glabrous, entire or undulate;

petioles -25 in. long. Spzkes (condensed panicles) 2 to 5 by °75 in.,

terminal, sometimes panicled; flowers clustered; floral leaves 0; bracts

‘125 to ‘175 in., linear. Sepals 5, linear, viscous-pubescent, -175 in.

long. Corolla ‘5 in. long, white or rose-purple, pubescent without or

nearly glabrous. Stamens 2; one anther-cell a little below the other,

tailed ; pollen 30 p long, ellipsoid, with 2 longitudinal rows of patches

beside each stopple. Capsule ‘5 in. long, clavate, glabrous, 4-seeded.

Blume Bijdr. 785; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 582;

Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 347, t. 139, fig. p;

Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 245 (1890); Ridley in Trans. Linn.

Soc. ser. 2, Bot. III. 333 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits, 122

(Singapore 1900); Prain Beng. Plants, 817, 818. Gendarussa vulgaris,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 687

Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 104; Wight Ic. t. 468; Moritsi

Verz. Zoll. Pl. 47; Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 151; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Me Sal.

Penane: King’s Collector 1461; Deschamps; Curtis 791. Mauacca:

Grifith. Perak: alt. 500 ft., King’s Collector 8682. Drnprnes:

Pangkore, Scortechini 208, 950.—Disrris. South-east Asia; largely

cultivated.

The Malay Peninsula material may be all from cultivated plants; none shows a

capsule. Ridley, J. c., observes that it seems never to fruit, and that he knows it only

from gardens or remains of cultivation.

14. Jusrictra Marneayt, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 534

(1885). A small shrub, with weak branched stems 2 ft. long. Leaves

4 by °35 to 1:25 in., nearly glabrous, entire or undulate-crenate ; tip

acuminate ; base cuneate; upper surface with rhaphides ; petiole -2 in.

Spikes terminal and axillary, 2 to 3 in. long, linear, peduncled, often

2 to 3 panicled on one peduncle; flowers mostly solitary, distant ;

bracts and prophylla minute. Sepals -175 in. long, lanceolate-linear,

pubescent. Corolla ‘5 in. long, pubescent without, nearly as of J.

vasculosa. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2, ellipsoid,

one below the other with a white tail. Pollen oblong-ellipsoid. Cap-

sule -35 in. long, 4-seeded at the top.

Penane: Maingay (K.D.) 1181.

15. Justicia vascunosa, Wall. Cat. 2469 (1826). Branches 8 to

20 in. long, dividing, rather weak. Leaves ovate to narrow-elliptic,

attenuate at either end, up to 5 by 2 in., nearly glabrous; petiole 5 in.

long. Spikes 2 to 4 in. long, linear or oblong, terminal and axillary,

often clustered or subpaniculate; flowers distant, opposite, sessile,

solitary or sometimes clustered; floral leaves often 0, sometimes several,

narrow-lanceolate, ‘5 in. long, green, scattered about the lower portion

of the spike; bracts and prophylla very small, pubescent. Sepals

175 in. long, linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla ‘5 in. long, yellow;

the mouth pink-spotted; upper lip oblong entire, lower pendent.

Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2, round-ellipsoid, one

_below the other, with a white knob at the base; pollen 40 y long, ellip-

soid, with 2 stopples and longitudinal rows of tubercles beside them.

Pistil glabrous, except a few hairs near the base of the style. Capsule

6 in. long, with 4 seeds in the upper part, glabrate. T. Anders. in

Journ. Linn. Soc. TX. 515 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TY. 533. Ruellia rivinefolia, Wall. Cat. 2413. Gendarussa vasculosa,

Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 104. Adhatoda vasculosa, Nees in DC,

Prodr. XI, 407,

688 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

Penane: Curtis. Panane: Ridley 2183. Stnearore: Ridley

3165.—Distriz. Eastern India, plentiful, from Assam to Tenasserim ;

Sumatra.

16. Justicia uBER, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Stem 3 to 4 ft. high.

Leaves opposite, subequal; blade up to 10 by 3 to 4 in, elliptic or sub-

ovate, lanceolate acuminate at tip, cuneate at base; margin undulate ;

upper surface glabrate, lower paler, obscurely pubescent; rhaphides

none or obscure ; nerves 8 pairs, oblique; upper petioles -5 in. long.

Spikes terminal and on axillary peduncles, sometimes panicled, dense,

nearly always 1-sided, 1 to 3 by -5in.; bract and prophylla :175 in.

long, narrow-lanceolate, nearly glabrate. Sepals -175 in. long, narrow-

lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Corolla greenish-yellow, ‘6 in. long, some-

what hairy without. Stamens 2; one anther-cell much below the other,

with a white tail. Capsule ‘6 in. long, stalked, 4-seeded, glabrate.

Seeds flattened, verrucose, tubercled.

Perak: Scortechint 96, 319; alt. 400 to 700 ft., Wray 386; King’s

Collector 10245; Ridley 9773. Srvancor: Fidley 8216.

This plant flowers and fruits freely ; and there is more of it in the collections than

of any other Acanth of the Malay Peninsula.

17. Justicia sumaTRANA, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous; the

inflorescence minutely pubescent. Leaves opposite, subequal; blade

6 by 3in., broadly elliptic, entire; tip very shortly acuminate; base

cuneate; nerves 7 to 8 pairs; petiole 35 in. long. Peduncles near the

ends of the branches, 4 to 6 in. long, each carrying a very lax panicle of

thin linear spikes 2 to 4 in. long; floral leaves 0; flowers solitary,

minutely pedicelled, opposite; bract and prophylla minute. Sepals

‘175 in. long, lanceolate linear, viscous-scabrous. Corolla greenish-

white with purple spots, 4 in. long, minutely pubescent without.

Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells ellipsoid, one below the

other, with a short conic white tail; pollen 25 by 15 wu, with longi-

tudinal series of spots. Pustel glabrate, except the base of the style.

Capsule ‘6 in. long, nearly glabrous, 4-seeded in the upper part; seeds

cerebrose-tubercular. Gendarussa ? sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 832.

PERAK: Scortechini 340; Wray 1596.—Disrris. Sumatra (Tedjsmann).

This species is allied to J. flaccida, Kurz, but the petioles are not eared at base;

the flowers are much smaller.

18. JUSTICIA PROCUMBENS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 15 (1753). Annual, much

branched, decumbent or procumbent. Branches slender, quadrangular.

Leaves elliptic or oblong, 1 to 2 in. long, glabrous or hairy, short-

Flora of the Malayan Pennsula. 689

petioled. Spzkes cylindric, continuous, hirsute; bracts linear-lanceolate,

‘175 in. long. Sepals 4, linear, ‘175 in. long, hirsute. Corolla 25 to

‘*35 in. long, white pink-spotted. Stamens 2; anthers 2-celled; one

cell below the other, tailed. Capsule -25 in. long, 4-seeded nearly from

the base. Benth. Fl. Austral. TV. 549; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 532; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 349;

Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 246 (1890). J. diffusa, Prain

Beng. Plants 818. ostellaria procwmbens, Nees in Wall. Pl. As.

Rar. ITI. 101. Rostellularia procwmbens, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 371;

Moritsi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 47; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 826.

Prenane: Curtis 3099.—Distris. South India; Australia.

The group to which J. procumbens belongs may be esteemed to form but one

species ; in which case its area would include all South and Kast Asia.

27. ApHATODA, Nees.

Spikes strobilate; the large bracts imbricated, green! Stamens 2;

anther-cells 2, oblong, at nearly equal height, at the base subacute or

with a minute knob, not tailed. Otherwise as Justecva.— DISTRIB.

Species, the present common one; with which 6 or 8 other plants from

Tropical Africa have been generically associated.

This plant resembles altogether the bracteate section of Justicia with strobilate

spikes, except that the anther-cells have not at their base the characteristic white

anther-tail.

1. ApHatopa vasica, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 103 (1832). A

dense shrub, 3 to 8 ft. high. Leaves 8 by 3 in., elliptic, acute at either

end, entire, minutely pubescent; petioles 1 in. long. Pedwncles 1 to

6 in. long, from the upper axils of the branches. Spzkes strobilate, 2 to

6in. long; bracts ovate, green, entire, ‘75 by ‘25 in.; prophylla up to ‘5 by

125 in. Sepals -3 to -35 in. long, lanceolate. Corolla white, purple-

spotted, 1-25 in. in total length; tube short, widened above the base.

Capsule ‘75 in. long, stout, clavate, pubescent, with 4 rough seeds at the

top. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 540 (wth syn.) ; Prain

_ Beng. Plants 819. Justecoa Adhatoda, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 15, ed. ii. 20;

Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 349; Hemsl. in Journ.

Linn. Soc. XXVI. 244 (1890); Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits

122 (Singapore 1900). Gendarussa Adhatoda, Hassk. Cat. Hort.

Bog. 151.

PrenAanG: Curtis 1017. Stnearore: fide Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

540.—Distris. Throughout India, extending to Malaya; commonly

cultivated.

690 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

28. Ruinacantuus, Nees.

Erect or rambling herbs. Leaves entire; margins often undulate.

Flowers in subsessile distant clusters on the branches of the panicle ;

bract and prophylla very small, linear. Sepals 5, linear, very small,

hairy. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube linear, longer than the lips; anticous lip

patent, deeply 3-lobed; posticous lip narrowly oblong-linear, emarginate,

curved and curled. Stamens 2; shortly exserted; anther-cells 2, one

somewhat below the other, not tailed; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally

banded. Ovary hairy; ovules 2 in each cell; stigma shortly subequally

2-lobed. Capsule with cylindric stalk, and 4 seeds in the top; placentze

not rising elastically. Seeds orbicular, flattened, black, pubescent.—

Distris. Species 3 or 4, in the warm parts of Africa and India.

1. RamnacaNtTHUS communis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 109

(1832). Hairy or nearly glabrous, 2 to 4 ft. high. Leaves opposite,

subequal, ovate to lanceolate, subobtuse, entire, 2 to 5 in. long, narrowed

to a petiole 0 to 35 in. long. Panicle large, much-branched, with small

clusters of flowers on peduncles, sometimes very leafy, sometimes with

few small floral leaves; bracts -125 to -25 in. long. Calyx 125 to

25 in. long. Corolla white; tube 75 in. long, linear to the top. Cap-

sule ‘7 in. long, hairy. Usually recognized by the curled linear-oblong

lip of the corolla. Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 151; Moritsi Verz. Zoll.

Pfl. 48; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 833; C. B. Clarke in Dyer Fl. Trop.

Afr. V. 224 (with syn.); Prain Beng. Plants 819. &. Nasuta, Lindau

in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 339, t. 135, fig. z.

Penane: Deschamps; Curtis 2918. TonaxanH: Curtis 2964.

Mauacca: Griffith—Distrip. Common in the warm parts of Africa ~

and South-east Asia.

29. Lepa, C. B. Clarke [Leprostacuya, Nees, partum].

Herbs. Panicle loose; branches long, linear, with distant flowers

solitary or in clusters in the typical form; bracts inconspicuous.

Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, the lower without a tail, at equal height

parallel, or one lower somewhat divaricate; pollen ellipsoid, with 2

stopples, the longitudinal rows of patches on either side of each stopple

prominent or obsolete. Otherwise as Justicia, Sect. Gendarussa.—

Distrip. Species 12, in South-east Asia.

The seventy American species, among which stands Dianthera, Linn., differ

greatly in habit among themselves and from the Indian. ‘The genus Dianthera is

sunk in Justicia by Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 3B, 346, which

then has three hundred species and is inconyeniently large. But the Indian

Dianthera only differs from Justicia vasculosa, Wallich, and its neighbours by the

absence of a white tail to the lower anther-cell,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 691

Panicle very open, with long linear branches :—

Leaves rounded or sometimes cordate at base..

Leaves obovate, attenuate at base..

Panicle almost dense, oblong, hardly 1 in. ada

Panicle reduced to two or three flowers

Terminal spikes simple; flowers solitary

. subcordata.

. obovata.

. densiflora.

. radicans.

andrographioides.

oF ee

HON

1. Lepa suscorpata, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous; the

innovations and inflorescence minutely pubescent. Stem 1 to 2 ft. long,

divided, rambling, sometimes decumbent and rooting at the lower

nodes (then with smaller leaves). Leaves opposite, subequal; blade

3°5 by 1°5 in., elliptic, acuminate, entire; base rounded or slightly cor-

date; petioles 1 in. long. Panicles terminal on the slender branches,

and with few distant subsolitary flowers; bracts and prophylla

minute. Sepals :125 in. long, linear. Corolla white, ‘5 in. long; tube

straight, narrowly funnel-shaped. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, pavrallel,

at equal height, rounded at base; pollen 45 by 30 p, with 2 stopples

and 2 longitudinal bands on either side each stopple. Style glabrate.

PERAK: King’s Collector 970; Scortechim 95; Curtis 3153.

This species is close to the Khasia L. debilis, C. B. Clarke sub Diantherd, in which

the flowers are in approximate, sessile, opposite pairs, forming long linear spikes.

2. LepA opovata, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Nearly glabrous; the

inflorescence minutely pubescent. Stem 1 foot or more. Leaves

opposite, subequal; blade 5-5 by 2°25 in. obovate, with a very short

acumination, entire, with many rhaphides, long decurrent at base;

petiole hardly ‘5 in. long. Panicle terminal, long-peduncled, with few long

linear branches; bracts and prophylla minute; the branches very narrow

thinly flowered racemes ; pedicels -06 in. long, or occasionally 2 to 3

flowers clustered. Sepals -125 in. long, linear, acute. Corolla (‘‘yellow”’

in Ridley’s example) :5 in. long; tube straight, narrowly funnel-shaped.

Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, parallel, one placed at one-third of its

length below the other, rounded at base; pollen ellipsoid with longitu-

dinal bands. Capsule (young) ‘7 in. long, with a linear stalk, pubescent.

PERAK: Scortechine (type of species). Srnancor: Lizdley 7592 (an

imperfect specimen ; appears to match).

This species is near Dianthera leptostachya, Benth.

3. LeEpA (?) DENsIFLORA, C. B. Clarke,n.sp. Glabrous. Stems 8 in.

long, decumbent at base. Leaves opposite, equal, some 5 by 1 in., lan-

ceolate, some 5 by 1:5 in, elliptic-lanceolate; nerves 7 to 8 pair, patent ;

rhaphides many, small on both surfaces ; margin undulate ; base cuneate

to a petiole -25 in. long. Inflorescence terminal; peduncle -5 in. long ;

692 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

panicle 2 by 1 in., many-flowered ; pedicels 0 to ‘lin. long; bracts and

prophylla minute or 0. Sepals ‘06 in. long, lanceolate, glabrous.

Corolla ‘5 in. long, yellow, straight, funnel-shaped, deeply 2-lipped.

Stamens 2; filaments long, glabrous; anther-cells 2, oblong, parallel at

equal height, obtuse at base, microscopically hairy; pollen ellipsoid, with

2 pores and 2 longitudinal lines of patches beside each stopple. Capsule

‘75 in. long, slender, glabrous, with 4 seeds in the upper half.

Perak: Ridley 7165.

This plant satisfies the technical characters of Leda, but the habit and inflores-

cence are those of Hranthemum.

4. Lepa rapricans, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Creeping, rooting. Stems

10 in. long, divided, minutely pubescent. Leaves opposite, equal;

blade ovate, 1-5 in. long, subentire, with many small rhaphides, rhom-

boid or nearly rounded at the base; petioles -25 to ‘5 in. long. Inflor-

escence terminal, depauperated, of 2 to 3 distant flowers. Sepals

125 to ‘175 in. long, linear, somewhat pubescent. Corolla nearly °5 in.

long, as of Dianthera. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells 2,

nearly at equal height, muticous ; pollen short-ellipsoid, 25 » long, with

2 stopples, obscurely marked longitudinally. Pistil glabrous.

Perak: Ulu Salami, Scortechina 129.

The material for this plant is scanty, and the genus doubtful.

5. LEDA ANDROGRAPHIOIDES, C. B. Clarke. Nearly glabrous. Stems

about 1 ft. high, weak. Leaves 3 in. long, elliptic, acuminate; petioles

‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Sprkes 2 to 3 in. long, terminal, solitary; flowers

solitary, opposite, in distant pairs; bracts inconspicuous. Sepals

‘125 in. long, linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in. long or

rather more; tube cylindric, straight; lips short. One anther-cell

below the other, with a minute callus at the base; hardly tailed.

Justicia andrographoides, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.

534; Ridley in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 121 (Singapore 1900).

Stncapore; fide Aidley—Distris. Tenasserim.

30. Potyrrema, C. B. Clarke, n. gen.

Slender undershrubs. Opposite pairs of leaves equal or unequal.

Inflorescence in small, few-flowered, axillary cymes; bracts incon-

spicuous. Calyx-lobes 5, linear. Corolla small, 2-lipped. Stamens 2;

anther-cells 2, oblong, standing a little apart, one slightly below the

other, having its base muticous or sometimes acute, not tailed. Pollen

globose or obscurely trigonous-globose, without (or with very obscure)

longitudinal bands, surface smooth or most minutely uniformly granu-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 693

lar; stopples 4 in the typical species, possibly 4 to 3 in other species.

Capsule stalked, with 4 seeds.—DistR1B. Species: the 3 here described

and 1 in the Philippines.

A group of species resembling in habit some of the Malay plants referred to

Ptysiglottis by Hallier f. in Nova Acta Leop. Carol. Akad. 70 (1897) (as P. lan-

ceolata, Hallier f. l.c. 221, t. 15, fig. 1, or P. frwtescens, Hallier f. l.c. 222, t. 16,

fig. 2), which have ellipsoid pollen longitudinally banded and anther-cells approxi-

mated. The type Ptysiglottis from Ceylon is remote in habit and has approximated

anther-cells.

Leaves of opposite pairs (many of them) very unequal :—

Leaves entire; sepals 35 in. long .. oc .. 1. P. vulgare.

Leaves finely crenulate; sepals :2 in. long Bo .. 2. P. crenulatum.

Leaves of opposite pairs equal or very nearly so .. .. 38. P. isophyllum.

1. Potyrrema vutGaRre, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Nearly glabrous;

branches round, somewhat zigzag. Leaves opposite, one reduced to

an ovate auricle -25 to ‘5 in. long, the other elliptic or broadly elliptic,

4 to 6 in. long, entire, covered with small rhaphides; tip acuminate ;

base rhomboid not rounded; primary nerves 10 to 11 pair; petiole 0 to

‘175 in. long. Cymes few-flowered, small, sessile or very nearly so in

the axils; bracts and prophylla hardly any. Sepals -35 in. long, seta-

ceous, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Corolla ‘7 in. long; tube

inflated in the upper half. Stamens 2; anther-cells 2, muticous,

distant, one rather the lower. Style glabrous. Capsule -7 in. long,

glabrate, with 4 seeds in the upper part.

Perak: Firdley 7164, 9445, 9768; Wray 3591 (partly); Goping,

King’s Collector 486. Srvancor: Frdley 8545.

2. PoLYTREMA CRENULATUM, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Branches 6 to 8 in.

long, decumbent, much divided. Leaves up to 2°5 by 1 in., subsessile,

elliptic-acuminate; margin finely crenulate. Cymes closely axillary,

1- to 3-flowered. Sepals 2 in. long, linear-setaceous, nearly glabrous.

Corolla ‘35 in. long. Otherwise as P. vulgare.

PERAK: Scortechina (two collections without number).

This is possibly only a starved form of P. vulgare, but it is considerably smaller

in every part.

3. PoLyTREMA IsopHyLLUM, C. B. Clarke, n.sp. Herb, 1 to 2 ft.

high, nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, equal, yellow when dry; blade

4-5 by 1°75 in., elliptic-acuminate ; base cuneate, entire, covered with

rhaphides; primary nerves 7 to 8 pair; petioles -5 to 1 in. long.

Cymes small, few-flowered, closely axillary. Sepals -35 in. long, seta-

ceous, minutely pubescent. Corolla white, more than -‘dgin. long.

Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anther-cells rather long, not tailed,

694 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

distant but nearly parallel, one (for one-third its length) below the

other. Pzstil glabrous.

PrERAK: Scortechini 224.

31. Ecsonium, Kurz.

Spikes strobilate; bracts imbricate, enclosing the calyx. Corolla-

tube linear. Stamens 2, without rudiments; anther-cells 2, narrowly

oblong, at equal height, muticous; pollen globose, with meridional

bands. Capsule stalked, with 4 large flat seeds in the round head.

Otherwise as Justtcia.—Distrip. Species 12 in the warm parts of

Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, and India.

This genus resembles the section Bracteate of Justicia, which has similar strobilate

spikes ; it differs in having the anther-cells at equal height and without tails. It is

difficult to say by what character it differs from some of the American species of

Dianthera; but the Malay Dianthere (Leda) have all very small bracts.

1. Ecsotium Linneanum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XL. i. 75

(1871). A small shrub, glabrate; the inflorescence somewhat pubescent.

Leaves opposite, equal, elliptic or obovate, acute, 3 to 6 in. long; base

cuneate; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. Spvkes strobilate, 2 to 6 in. long,

terminal and on axillary peduncles; bracts ovate, ‘5 in. long, green,

varying in their margin, which is sometimes serrate, sometimes quite

entire, rounded at the tip; prophylla 2, minute. Sepals -2 in. long,

narrow. Corolla green-blue; tube °75 to 1 in. long, linear to the top;

lips °35 to ‘5 in. long. Capsule -75 in. long; stalk narrowly cylindric ;

head round, flat, -3 in. in diam., containing 2 large, round, thin, rough

seeds. Boiss. Fl. Orient. IV. 526; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzen-

fam. IV. 38, 338; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 544, and

in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 236 (with syn.) ; Prain Beng. Plants 816.

Prenane: King’s Collector 1671. Manacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1172.

SINGAPORE: Deschamps. — DistRis. Common in warm Africa and

India; not yet known from the Malay Archipelago.

Recognized by its green-blue corolla, or by the broad head to the capsule.

32. GRAPTOPHYLLUM, Nees.

Glabrous shrubs. Leaves equal, opposite, entire. Pamnicles ter-

minal, dense, oblong; bracts and prophylla very small. Corolla large,

red; tube narrowly funnel-shaped, curved; otherwise nearly as

Ecbolium.—Distrip. Species 3, whereof 1 is widely spread in the

warm regions of the Old World, and 2 in Australia.

The red corolla has a much broader tube than that of Hcbolium. The much-

cultivated species here described is not confounded with Hcboliwm, but is marked

Flora of the Malayan Penmnsula. 695

sometimes Justicia, from which it differs by the anther-cells at equal height, not

tailed.

1. GRAPTOPHYLLUM HORTENSE, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III.

102 (1832). Attains 6 to 8 ft. in height. Leaves broadly elliptic, 5

to 9 in. long, cuneate at either end; petiole hardly -25 in. Panicle

narrowed nearly to a raceme, terminal, subsessile, 10- to 40-flowered ;

bracts and prophylla inconspicuous. Sepals ‘175 in. long. Corolla red ;

tube *75 in. long; lips‘d in. long. Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 150; Moritzi

Verz. Zoll. Pi. 47; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 824; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 545, and in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 241 (with syn.). G. pictum,

Griff. Notul. IV. 139; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV.

3B, 327.

Perak: Scortechint 1545. Kepan: King’s Collector 1765. Wild

probably in the Malay Archipelago, where it is plentiful. Frequent in

India, also in Guinea, where it is almost certainly introduced. |

33. PERISTROPHE, Nees.

Erect branched herbs. Leaves opposite, subequal, petioled. Flowers

1 to 4 together, and of these one or more often imperfect, clustered

between 2 floral leaves; the flower-clusters often peduncled, axillary or

terminal; bract and prophylla to each flower small or 0. Calyx small,

deeply lobed into 5 subequal lanceolate teeth. Corolla rose or purple ;

tube slender; limb 2-lipped; upper lip subentire, lower subequally

3-lobed. Stamens 2; filaments pubescent below; anther-cells 2,

muticous, narrow, curved, one half its length above the other; pollen

short-ellipsoid, longitudinally banded. Ovary 4-ovulate; style filiform,

minutely bifid. Capsule ellipsoid, stalked, minutely pubescent; placentze

not rising elastically from the base; seeds granular, subtubercular.—

Distris. Species 25, but several very close together, extending from

Africa to Japan and New Caledonia.

Floral leaves ovate triangular, °5 in. broad; corolla 1:25 in. long 1. P. tinctoria.

Floral leaves broadly lanceolate, :175 in. broad ; corolla:75in.long 3. P. salicifolia.

Floral leaves linear-ligulate, -06 to -09 in. broad; corolla -75 to

1 in. long oc <c ac 2c .. 2. P. acuminata.

These three species are very closely allied, as are all species admitted of this

group by Nees and Miquel. P. montana, Nees, P. angustifolia, Nees, P. salicifolia,

Blume, P. commutata, Nees, are not improbably natives of the Malay Peninsula, but

are included between P. tinctoria and P. acuminata.

1. PERISTROPHE TINCToRIA, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 113

(1832). Often 3 to 4 ft. high. Leaves 3:5 by 1:75 in., cuneate at either

end, entire, sparingly pubescent; petioles ‘25 to 1 in. long. Pedwnecles

696 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

'25 to 1 in. long, several often approximated, subpanicled, often

glabrate. Floral leaves ovate-triangular, large, up to 1 by ‘5 in.;

margins not ciliate, but (more or less) minutely scabrid. Calyx ‘175 to

‘2 in. long, grey, hairy; teeth lanceolate. Corolla 1:25 in. long.

Anthers ‘175 in. long. Capsule ‘6 in. long. C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 556; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 248 (1890) ;

Prain Beng. Plants 820. P. pallida, Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 494;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 846; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, III.

334 (1893).

JoHORE: Fiidley. Krian: Scortechint 1873. Stnearore: Scorte-

chint 370, 816.—Distris. Cultivated much in South-east Asia.

P. fera, C.B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 556, is possibly the wild form of

P. tinctoria, and hardly differs from it but by having the floral leaves ciliate on the

margins. This plant is (partly) described as P. tinctoria by Nees and Miquel; I have

seen no example of it from the Malay Peninsula.

2. PERISTROPHE ACUMINATA, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 113

(1832). Smaller than P. tenctoria, Nees, in all its parts. Floral leaves

‘) by ‘06 to -09 in. broad, glabrous. Corolla -75 to 1 in. long. Capsule

‘Din. long. Nees in DC. Prodr. XI. 496; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe.

IX. 521 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 555; Lindau in

Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 38, 331; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.

ser. 2, ITI. 334 (1893), and in Journ. As. Soc. Straits 122 (Singapore

1900). P. Blumeana, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 152; Nees in DC.

Prodr. XI. 495; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 848. Justicia Roxburghiana,

Blume Bijdr. 786, fide Miquel.

Penane: Deschamps, Curtis 681. Panane: Ridley 1165. Perak:

Scortechint 14, 146; King’s Collector 285. Mauacca: Griffith; Harvey ;

Curtis 254; Goodenough. Stncapore: Hullett 93. Prxan: fide Ridley.—

Distris. Eastern India, Burma, Java.

3. PERISTROPHE SALICIFOLIA, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 847 (1856).

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, often 3 by °d in., rarely elliptic-lanceolate,

often long acuminate. Floral leaves ‘6 by 175 in. (or broader). Corolla

‘75 in. long. Capsule -5 in. long. Justicia salicifolia, Blume Bijdy.

787. Hypoestes salicifolia, O. Kuntze Revisio I. 491 (1891).

Penance: Deschamps; King’s Collector; Ridley 9375. Prax :

Scortechim; Wray 847.—Distris. Java.

This species is separated here from P. acuminata by the sole character of broader

bracts, and I doubt its specific distinctness. It is a curious coincidence that O. Kuntze

should have named his plant (which is at Kew) salictfolia, as he did not intend it to

be = Blume’s Justicia salicifolia.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 697

34. Hyporstes, R. Brown.

Erect branched herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite, subequal,

petioled. lowers paired, one of these often imperfect or wanting

the two bracts connate (in the Malay species) into an obconic or

cylindric involucre; prophylla to the lower bract inside the involucre

usually longer than the calyx; prophylla to the upper bract often 0;

involucres often numerous, in heads, dense panicles or racemes. Calyx

shorter than the involucre, deeply lobed; teeth 5, lanceolate. Corolla

rose-purple; tube linear; lips 2, narrow. Stamens 2; anthers of 1 cell,

muticous; pollen ellipsoid, longitudinally striate. Ovary 4-ovulate;

style glabrate upwards, shortly bifid. Capsule oblong or ellipsoid,

stalked, 4-seeded ; placentze not rising elastically from the base of the

capsule ; seeds glabrous, tuberculate-granular—Distris. Species 40,

mostly in Africa and Mascarenia; 8 species are described by Miquel

from Malaya, but these 8 are so closely allied that they might be

described as 2.

The genus Hypoestes abounds in the Malay Archipelago, and the quantity of

. material from thence is very large. In India, again, Hypoestes is frequent. But

from the Malay Peninsula I have only seen one collection, viz. Maingay 1176, here

described.

1. HyporsTEs MALACCENSIS, Wight Ic. 1555 (before 1850). Pube-

scent, branched, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves up to 3 by ‘8 in., elliptic-lan-

ceolate, narrowed at either end, entire, petiole ‘5 in. long. Involucres

in axillary and terminal ovoid clusters 1 in. long; involucres ‘8 in. long,

shortly conic at base, with 2 linear teeth. Calyx 25 in. long, minutely

thinly hairy. Corolla ‘75 in. long. Pollen with 3 stopples. T. Anders,

in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX. 522 (1867); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 558; Lindau in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 33, 333.

H. rosea, Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. III. 381 (Paris 1834) (non Beauv.).

Mauacca: Griffith; Capt. A. C. Wight; Maingay (K.D.) 1176.—

Distris. Malay Islands.

With this is united (in Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 558) the Malay Archipelago species

H. Decaisneana, Nees, and H. laxiflora, Nees, which differ very little.

35. Runeta, Nees.

Small undershrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, equal. Flowers in

peduncled spikes; floral leaves sometimes strobilate, including two

bracts ; lower bract longer than the calyx, upper smaller, sterile, nearly

always empty. Sepals 5, nearly separate, linear. Corolla small,

2-lipped; tube oblong, short; lobes imbricated in the bud. Stamens 2;

698 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

1 anther-cell below the other usually appendaged; pollen ellipsoid,

longitudinally banded. Ovary 4-ovulate; style at tip emarginate.

Capsule small, with 4 or 2 seeds; placente rising elastically with the

seeds, from the base of the capsule; seeds glabrous, minutely tubercu-

late-——Distris. Species 35, mainly in India, extending to China,

Australia, and Africa.

This genus can be separated from the small species of Justicia by the fruit.

1. Runeta Laxirtors, C. B. Clarke. Suberect, 3 ft. high, nearly

glabrous. Leaves: lamina 3° by 1:25 in., elliptic, narrowed at either

end; petioles -25 to lin. long. Spikes 2 to 4 in. long, linear, flexuose,

very lax; the outer bracts often scarcely imbricated. Bract (floral

leaf) 9 mm. long, narrow-lanceolate, with scarious margins; the two

prophylla lanceolate with scarious margins, the lower ‘3 in. long,

the upper sterile, smaller. Sepals -275 in. long, linear, glabrous.

Corolla -6 in. long, ‘pale yellow, striped with light grey”’ (Collector’s

note). Stamens 2; lower anther-cell smaller than the upper, with a

white spur; pollen 50 » long, with 3 stopples. Style glabrous, minutely

hairy near the base. Capsule -35 in. long; minutely hairy; placentz

rising elastically; seeds minutely tubercled. ? Justecra laaxrflora,

Blume Bijdr. 789.

Perak: Scortechini; Lartt, alt. 3000 ft., King’s Collector 3676;

alt. 100 ft., Kzng’s Collector 1815.—Disrris. Java (?).

”

Justicia laxiflora, Blume, has the filament ‘‘antice barbata,” and could hardly

be this. It was Zollinger, n. 1539 fide Moritzi Verz. Zoll. Pfl. 47, which I have not

got. But I believe I got the name Rungia laxiflora from a Java plant marked Justicia

laxiflora, which passed through my hands.

2. RUNGIA MINUTIFLORA, C. B. Clarke, n. sp. Suberect, a branched

herb, 9 in. high. Leaves: blade 2 by ‘75 in., ovate-lanceolate; tip

obtuse, nearly glabrous, attenuated at base; petiole up to ‘5 in. long.

Spikes linear, 1 to 1:25 in. long, very lax, interrupted at base; flower-

bract ‘125 in. long, elliptic-obtuse, green, microscopically brown-hairy.

Corolla ‘2 in. long. Stamens 2; one anther-cell a little below the other

distinctly tailed. Capsule :15 to ‘175 in. long; placente rising elastically

from the valves; seeds brown, minutely tuberculated.

Kepau: Lankawi Island, Curtzts 3689.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 699

Family XCI.—LABIATA.

[By D. Pratn.]

Herbs, less often shrubs, usually beset with oil-glands. Stem usually

4-angled. Leaves opposite or whorled; exstipellate. Flowers irregular,

solitary, 2-nate or fascicled, axillary or in centrifugal spicate cymes

which by union in pairs form false whorls. Calyx persistent, nearly

regular, or variously 4- to 5-cleft, or 2-lipped. Corolla gamopetalous,

hypogynous ; limb 4- to 5-lobed, or 2-lipped and personate, the lobes

imbricate in bud. Stamens attached to the corolla-tube, usually 4 didy-

namous, sometimes the upper pair imperfect; anther-cells divaricate or

parallel, sometimes disjoined, sometimes confluent. Disk usually pro-

minent, regular or irregular. Ovary free, composed of two 2-celled carpels,

the cells of which are also free; style simple, inserted between the lobes

of the ovary; the stigma usually 2-lobed, its arms often unequal; ovules

in each cell solitary, erect, anatropous. Hrwit of 4 dry or rarely fleshy

_ |-seeded nutlets, rarely one or more of these abortive, situated at the

base of the calyx; scar of attachment usually basal, small, occasionally

lateral or sublateral and larger. Seeds small, erect, without albumen,

or albumen very scanty; radicle inferior.— Distris. Species about

2800, mainly in North Temperate regions.

Stamens 4, declinate :-—

Lowest corolla-lobe patent, flat or slightly concave, wide-

based; calyx-limb 2-lipped; upper tooth much wider than

the others; filaments free :—

Corolla-tube very short, not or slightly exserted ; ne

2-fid he 5¢ 1. Ocimum.

Corolla-tube long, aedally far ae stigma entire or

subentire .. . 2. ORTHOSIPHON.

Lowest corolla-lobe defioned. S| or Guanitoree narrow-

based :—

Calyx-limb uniform ; teeth 5, subequal ; lowest corolla-lobe

thick-edged, deeply saccate, not much longer than the

others; filaments free .. 3. Hypris.

Calyx-limb 2-lipped ; upper tooth otten (not Airhyy vider

than the others; lowest corolla-lobe cymbiform, much

longer than the others, its margin not thickened :—

Filaments free beyond point of insertion on corolla-tube 4. PLECcTRANTHUS.

Filaments connate in a sheath round the style . CoLEvs.

Stamens not declinate; filaments free :—

Stamens 4, erect or spreading, equal or subequal; calyx-

limb uniform; teeth 5, subequal; corolla-lobes 4, flat,

subequal :—

700 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Anthers 1-celled ; filaments bearded :—

Whorls glomerulate in stout, lax, usually interrupted

spikes DA

Whorls aggregated in Ayelentier, dene: coutinnene spikes

Anthers 2-celled, cells parallel; filaments not bearded;

whorls sometimes terminal, usually axillary .. ae

Stamens ascending under upper lip of corolla; usually 4 didy-

namous, the anterior pair the longer; sometimes 2, one pair

being imperfect; corolla 2-lipped :—

Calyx-limb distinctly 2-lipped :—

Calyx-throat remaining open after flowering; tube without

dorsal appendage, undivided in fruit and persistent :—

Stamens two pairs; upper calyx-lip 3-toothed 3

Stamens one pair, with remote anther-cells; upper calyx-

lip 3-toothed or entire

Calyx-throat occluded after ower ; tube with a desea

plate or pouch, 2-partite ; the upper segment deciduous in

fruit

Calyx-limb eritorin, or, if oblique, nob 2- aped:

subequal :—

Anthers dimorphic ; cells of anterior longer pair dimidiate,

1-locular, of posterior shorter pair 2-locular; upper corolla-

lip short, flattish, pubescent externally but not woolly;

flowers medium, purplish; calyx-teeth 5, subequal

Anthers uniform ; upper corolla-lip arched or hooded over

stamens :—

Calyx-teeth 6 to 10; limb often oblique; upper corolla-

lip densely woolly externally :—

Lower corolla-lip shorter than upper;

yellow .. . Be

Lower corolla-lip ionbey enum upper ; Abeer medium

or small, white

Calyx-teeth 5, subequal: limb ditrobin upper corolla- tip

pubescent externally but not woolly :—

Nutlets with a small basal or subbasal scar :—

Nutlets dry; flowers medium :—

Calyx-teeth spinescent; flowers purplish ; leaves

deeply incised . ie ;

Calyx-teeth ese eeet ee ; flowers rove or dah

leaves not incised ow

Nutlets fleshy; flowers large, yellow or hits

Nutlets with a large lateral scar; flowers very small,

yellow ..

the teeth

flowers large,

1. Ocimum, Linn.

Strongly scented herbs or undershrubs.

10.

ills

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

. PoGOsTEMON.

. DysoPHYLLA.

. MentTHA.

. CALAMINTHA.

SALVIA.

SCUTELLARIA.

ANISOMELES.

LEONOTIS.

Levcas.

LEONURUS.

PARAPHLOMIS.

GOMPHOSTEMMA.

CyMARIA.

Flowers small, in 6- to

10-flowered whorls, spicate or racemose; pedicels recurved under the

calyx; bracts small, caducous.

Calyx ovoid or campanulate, in fruit

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 701

deflexed, 2-lipped ; upper lip broad, flat, decurrent ; lower usually with

4 slender teeth, the central pair exceeding the lateral. Corolla-twhe

short, not annulate within; limb 2-lipped; lower lip declinate, entire, flat

or nearly so; upper rather shorter than lower, subequally 4-fid. Stamens

4, declinate, didynamous, exserted; filaments free or the lower pair

connate below, naked or the upper toothed or hairy below; anther-cells

confluent. Dzsk entire or 3- to 4-lobed. Style 2-fid; lobes subulate or

flattened. Nuwtlets smooth or subrugose, mucilaginous when moistened.

—Distris. Species about 60, throughout the Tropics.

Pedicels equalling or exceeding the calyx; two lower calyx-teeth

longer than the upper lip .. te cc .. 1. O. sanctum.

Pedicels much shorter than the calyx :—

Lower calyx-teeth longer than the upper lip ate -- 2. O. Basilicum.

Lower calyx-teeth shorter than the upper lip 3. O. gratissimum.

1. Octwum sanctum, Linn. Mant. 85 (1767). An erect, softly hairy,

much-branched herb, 1 to 2 ft. high. Stems and branches usually

purplish, often woody at the base. Leaves opposite, membranous,

pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the nerves and principally

beneath, elliptic-oblong, obtuse or acute; base cuneate or truncate,

entire; the margin elsewhere entire or serrate; 1 to 2 in. long, ‘6 to

1:2 in. wide; petiole -5 to 1 in. long, slender, pubescent. Flowers in

slender racemes or panicles, 6 to 8 in. long, of rather close whorls;

practs ovate-acuminate, ‘12 in. long, ciliate. Calyx -12 in. (in fruit

‘2 in.) long; pedicels longer than the calyx, slender, -25 in. long,

pubescent; lower lip of calyx longer than upper, its 4 teeth lanceolate,

similar below; the central pair with long, slender, awn-like, upcurved

tips, which project beyond the upper lip; the lateral pair with short

straight tips; upper lip wide-obovate or suborbicular, reflexed, shortly

apiculate. Corolla ‘15 in. long, purplish-pink; upper lip pubescent on

the back. Flaments exserted, slender; the upper ones with a small

bearded basal appendage. Nutlets ‘05 in. long, wide-ellipsoid, smooth,

yellow with black markings. Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 14; Wall. Cat. 2716;

Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 38; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 939; Hook. f. FI.

- Br. Ind. IV. 609; Prain Beng. Plants 843. 0. monachorum, Linn.

Mant. 85. O. tenuflorum, Linn. Sp. Pl. I. 597; Benth. in DC. Prodr.

XII. 39. O. modorwm, Burm. Thes. Zeylan. 175, t. 80, f. 2.

In most of the provinces; in waste places. — Distris. South-east

_ Asia from Arabia eastwards; Australia; Pacific Islands.

This, the Sacred Tulsi of India, is no doubt an introduced plant in our area;

where it is indigenous is uncertain.

702 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. Ocimum Basiuicum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 597 (1753). An erect branching

herb, 2 to 3 ft. high. Stems and branches usually green, sometimes

purplish, glabrous or more or less hispidly hairy. Leaves opposite,

membranous, green or purplish, variously pubescent, in extreme forms

quite glabrous, in others strongly hispidly hairy, ovate-acute; base

cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere entire or toothed or occasionally (in

cultivated forms) deeply lobed; 1 to 2 in. long, 6 to 1:2 in. wide,

occasionally, in cultivated varieties, larger; petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long.

Flowers in rather dense racemes of whorls, the terminal raceme ulti-

mately 6 to 8 in. long, much exceeding the lateral, rarely (var. thyrsoidea)

with all the racemes subequal, forming a terminal thyrse; bracts ovate-

acute, petiolate. Calyx -2 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long; pedicels very short;

lower lip with central pair of teeth longer than the upper lip, which is

orbicular, longer than the campanulate tube. Corolla 35 to °5 in. long,

variously white or pink or purplish, nearly or quite glabrous to

pubescent or (var. ciliata) hispidulous. Filaments shortly exserted; the

upper ones with a tooth above the base. Nutlets -07 in. long, ellipsoid,

pitted. Wall. Cat. 2713; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 608.

Perak: Wray! Prenane: Wallich! Manacca. Perhaps only culti-

vated in our area.—Distris. Throughout Tropics of Eastern Hemi-

sphere and Polynesia.

The presence of this species in Malacca is recorded by Sir J. D. Hooker (FI. Br.

Ind. l. c.), but there are not now any Malacca specimens at Kew. In Penang it has

only been collected by Wallich ; his plant is a glabrous form never met with in India

save in gardens. No complete specimens have been sent from Perak, but Wray

records the species, under the name “ Ruku,” as an adulterant of Patchouli.

‘“‘Ruku” is, however, the Malay name for Hyptis graveolens, which is one of the usual

adulterants of Patchouli leaves, though the writer finds that samples of ‘‘Ruku”

do contain, mixed with the leaves and calyces of Hyptis graveolens, calyces of

O. Basilicum. The particular variety met with in these samples being var. pilosum,

there is just a possibility that in Perak this may sometimes occur as an escape from

cultivation.

3. Ocimum GRATISsIMuM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1197 (1753). A shrubby,

much-branched perennial, 4 to 6 ft. high, woody at the base. Stems

glabrous; young branches pubescent. Leaves opposite, chartaceous,

pubescent, elliptic-lanceolate, acute; base cuneate, entire; margin else-

where coarsely crenate-serrate; 2°5 to 5 in. long, 1°5 to 2°25 in. wide;

petiole 1 to 2:5 in. long, slender, pubescent. lowers in simple or

branched, strict, slender racemes; whorls rather close; rachis softly

pubescent ; bracts sessile, acuminate from a wide ovate base, exceeding

the calyx, decussate and squarrose in young racemes. Calyx -12 in. (in

fruit ‘25 in.) long, pubescent, glandular; pedicels very short, softly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 703

pubescent; lower lip with central pair of teeth minute and much

shorter than the upper lip, which is rounded and recurved. Corolla

‘17 in. long, yellowish- or greenish-white, externally pubescent. Fla-

ments distinctly exserted ; upper pair with a bearded tooth at the base.

Nutlets ‘06 in. long, subglobose, rugose, brown. Roxb. FI. Ind. III. 17;

Wall. Cat. 2720; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 608.

Penane: Wallich. Almost certainly only cultivated in our area.—

Distris. Tropics generally, but doubtfully indigenous in America.

The only record of this species from our area is that of Wallich, who collected

specimens in Penang in 1822. Seeing that no one has sent it since from any of

the provinces, it may almost certainly be concluded that Wallich’s specimens came —

from cultivated plants or from casual escapes that have not become permanently

established.

2. ORTHOSIPHON, Benth.

Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Flowers in 6- or fewer-flowered

racemosely arranged whorls ; bracts small. Calyx 2-lipped, ovoid or

campanulate-tubular, deflexed in fruit ; lower lip 4-toothed, the central

and lateral teeth distinct or shortly connate, usually subulate; upper

lip broad, membranous; the margins decurrent. Corolla 2-lipped;

tube often slender, straight or incurved ; lower lip entire, concave ;

upper lip 3- to 4-fid. Stamens 4, declinate, didynamous, included or

exserted; filaments free, not appendaged at base; anther-cells con-

fluent. Dzsk usually gibbous. Style with a small capitate or clavate,

entire or notched stigma. Nuwtlets dry, ovoid or globose, smooth or

nearly so.—DistRis. Species about 60, in Tropics of the Old World.

ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS, Benth.in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IT. 15 (1831).

A slender glabrous or pubescent herb, 1 to 2 ft. high; stems distinctly

quadrangular. Leaves opposite, membranous, usually puberulous to

pubescent’on the nerves on both surfaces, otherwise glabrous, rather

dark-green above, ovate-acuminate, with long entire cuneate base ;

margin elsewhere coarsely wide-serrate ; 2 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 1:5 in.

wide ; petiole -25 to 4 in. long, puberulous or pubescent. Flowers in

rather distant whorls, ‘6 in. apart below, these arranged in lax terminal

racemes 4 to 8 in. long, 1°5 in. across, not including the far-exserted

filaments. Calyx -15 in. (in fruit :25 in.) long, campanulate, puberulous

on the nerves, gland-dotted between; the two central teeth of lower

lip subulate. Corolla uniformly finely puberulous, 1 in. long, purplish

or white; tube slender, straight, thrice as long as calyx; lower lip

straight, -2 in. long; upper lip refracted, -2 in. long. Filaments glabrous,

capillary, projecting 1-2 in. beyond corolla-imb. Nutlets wide-oblong,

compressed, rugulose. Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 29, and in DC. Prodr. XII.

704 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

52; Wall. Cat. 2727; Bot. Mag. t. 5833; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I]. 944;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 615. Oczmum grandiflorum, Blame Bijdr. 835.

O. longiflorum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. J. ¢.

Perak: Kunstler! Stneapore: Deschamps! Nicopars: Kurz !—

Distris. South-eastern Asia and Australia.

3. Hypris, Jacq.

Herbs or shrubs. Flowers small or medium, very variously

arranged; in our species arranged in dense capitate or lax secund

heads; bracts subulate or setaceous. Calyx 10-nerved, ovate or cam-

panulate or tubular; teeth 5; subequal, erect. Corolla 5-lobed ; lowest

lobe abruptly deflexed, with thickened margin, saccate and contracted at

the base; the other lobes erect or spreading, flat. Stamens 4, declinate ;

filaments free, without basal appendages ; anther-cells confluent. Disk

entire, regular or somewhat gibbous in front. Style with subentire or

2-fid stigma. Nutlets oblong or ovoid, smooth or rugulose—DIsTRIB.

Species about 250, all American; a few introduced and established in

the Tropics of the Old World.

Flowers in dense, globose, axillary, many-flowered heads .. 1. H. brevipes.

7, JEL

Flowers in lax, secund, racemose, few-flowered heads suaveolens.

1. Hypris BREVIPES, Poit. Ann. Mus. Par. VII. 465 (1806). An

erect annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high. Stems glabrate or pilose. Leaves

opposite, membranous, medium-green and sparsely hispid throughout

above, paler and pubescent’ on the nerves beneath, ovate-oblong or

lanceolate ; apex acute; base long-cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere

serrate; 2 to 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in. wide; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long.

Flowers in dense heads, -4 in. in diam., on axillary, hispid, slender

peduncles -4 to ‘6 in. long; bracts ciliate, lanceolate or subulate,

rigid, ‘2 in. long. Calyx subtubular, -1 in. (in fruit 15 in.) long,

ciliate ; teeth erect, subequal, subulate, as long as the tube. Corolla

‘2in. long; tube slender. Nuwtlets ovoid, brown, minutely rugulose.

Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 107; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 959; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 630.

Mauacca: Griffith 3961! Prnane: King! Sincarore: Kunstler!

Perak: Scortechimw! Anpamans: at Port Blair, King !—Duisrrip.

America, from Brazil to Mexico; Tropical Africa and the Malay

Archipelago, introduced.

Hyptis capitata, Jacq., a species in habit resembling H. brevipes, is frequently met

with in gardens in §.E. Asia. It sometimes occurs spontaneously in waste places in

India, and appears to have become established in the Philippines and in Formosa. The

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 705

possibility of its occurrence in our area should therefore be kept in mind. It is

readily distinguished from H. brevipes by its much larger capitula, which reach °75 in.

across, and by its calyx-teeth being shorter than the tube. There is nothing in the

description of the mysterious Leucas globulifera (Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. alt. 133),

which finds a place in various works of reference and which is obviously not a Leucas,

to prevent it from haying been Hyptis capitata in cultivation, as Hasskarl says, at

Buitenzorg. Hasskarl’s small 2-fid upper lip may stand for the two upper corolla-lobes,

the lateral lobes of the lower lip being the two lateral corolla-lobes; the concave

mid-lobe, largest of the three in what Hasskarl terms the lower lip, explains itself.

Every other character agrees with Hyptis capitata, and thecombination of characters

will fif no other Labiate known to the writer as likely to be in cultivation in Java

when Hasskarl wrote.

9. HyptTis SUAVEOLENS, Poit. Ann. Mus. Par. VII. 472, t. 29, f. 2

(1806). A rigid, branching, annual herb, 2 to 4ft. high. Stems hirsute.

Leaves opposite, firmly herbaceous, dark-green, pilose above, paler,

densely grey-pubescent beneath, rather wide-ovate, subacute; base

rounded, truncate or slightly cuneate, rarely subcordate; margin

sinuate and serrulate; ‘75 to 3 in. long, ‘6 to 2 in. wide; petiole

slender, °35 to ‘75 in. long, sparingly pubescent. Flowers in lax few-

flowered, secund heads, ‘5 in. long, arranged racemosely towards ends

of branches in the axils of smaller leaves, on pubescent peduncles ‘5 in.

long; bracts minute, setaceous. Calyx campanulate, -2 in. (in fruit

‘35 in.) long, strongly ribbed; mouth villous; teeth erect, subulate,

shorter than tube. Corolla blue, 3 in. long; tube slender. Nutlets

narrowly oblong, brown, faintly rugose. Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII.

126; Mig. El. Ind. Bat. IT. 959; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 630.

Ballota suaveolens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 815. Bysteropogon suaveolens,

L’Hérit. Sert. Angl. 19. B. graveolens, Blume Bijdr. 824. Schauera

graveolens, Hassk. in Flora, 1842, IT. Beibl. 25.—Malay name “ Ruku.”

Perak: Wray! Mauacca: Maingay 2280! Prnane: Deschamps!

Nicopars: Kurz 26063 !—Distris. Tropical America; introduced and

widely spread in South-east Asia.

Leaves largely used, along with those of Urena lobata, Linn., in adulterating com-

mercial samples of leaves of Pogostemon Cablin, the Patchouli plant principally

cultivated in our area.

4, PuEctRANTHUs, L’Hérit.

Herbs or undershrubs. lowers usually small, generally in lax,

paniculate, 6- to 8-flowered cymes. Calyx 5-toothed, 2-lipped, enlarg-

ing in fruit. Corolla-tube exserted, long or short, decurved or straight;

limb gibbous or sometimes spurred, less often straight, 2-lipped; lower

706 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lip entire, long boat-shaped; upper short, 3- to 4-fid, recurved.

Stamens 4, declinate; filaments free, simple; anther-cells usually con-

fluent. Dzsk usually produced anteriorly, there nearly to fully as long

as the ovary. Style usually 2-fid. Nutlets orbicular or occasionally

oblong or ovoid, smooth, granulate or punctate——DistRis. Species

about 100, in the Tropics of the Old World, Australia and Polynesia.

PLECTRANTHUS KUNSTLERI, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXVI. i.

521 (1897). A stoutish shrubby plant, 2 to 5 ft. high, everywhere

finely puberulous. Leaves opposite, membranous, pale-green especi-

ally beneath and there sparsely glandular-puberulous, darker and simi-

larly faintly puberulous above, sometimes with a whitish line down

the centre, ovate-acute with entire, cuneate base and short, entire,

subacuminate apex; margin elsewhere regularly crenate; 3 to 4:75 in.

long, 1:5 to 2in. wide; petiole 1:5 to 2in. long. lowers in racemed

cymes disposed in stout panicles with ascending branches, 6 in. long,

4 in. across. Calyx in fruit ‘2 in. long, gland-dotted; pedicels -15 in.

long, finely puberulous; the two lower teeth subulate, the two lateral

ovate-acute, longer than the upper orbicular-ovate. Corolla greenish-

white, or waxy white, faintly dotted, -4 in. long; the tube decurved

with a gibbous base, one and a half times as long as the boat-shaped

lower lip; upper lip rather short. #ilaments discrete from the point

at which they are free from the corolla-tube. Nutlets oblong, brown,

hardly shining. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. IX. 1. 55, t. 70.

Perak: Kwala Dipong, 400 to 600 ft. elev., King’s Collector (Kunstler)

8240! Kinta, 800 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector (Kunstler) 7143! On

limestone ridges.

5. Coneus, Lour.

Herbs. Flowers usually small, generally in lax, paniculate, 6- to 8-

flowered cymes. Calyx 5-toothed, 2-lipped, enlarging in fruit.

Corolla-tube exserted, long or short, decurved or straight; limb

gibbous or less often straight, 2-lipped; lower lip entire, long boat-

shaped; upper short, 3- to 4-fid, recurved. Stamens 4, declinate ;

filaments combined below into a sheath around the style; anther-cells

usually confluent. Dzsk usually produced anteriorly. Style usually

2-fid. Nutlets orbicular, oblong or ovoid, smooth, granulate or

punctate-—Distris. Species about 80, in the Tropics of the Old World

and in Australia.

CoLEUS ATROPURPUREUS, Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. II. 16 (1831).

A herb 2 to 3 ft. high, everywhere finely pubescent. Leaves opposite,

membranous, dark-green above, rather closely puberulous on the nerves,

elsewhere sparingly so, paler beneath and pubescent on the main and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 707

secondary nerves, ovate-acute, with entire rounded rarely cuneate base,

and short, entire, blunt apex ; margins elsewhere rather widely crenate ;

2 to 4 in. long, 1:25 to 1:75 in. wide; petiole 1 to 2in. long. Flowers

in irregularly branched cymes disposed in stoutish thyrses 3 to 6 in.

long, 1:5 in. across; bracts ovate-acute, pubescent, ‘15 in. long,

deciduous. Calyx in fruit -2 in. long, sparingly gland-dotted ; pedicels

‘2 in. long, pubescent; the two lower teeth subulate, the two lateral

oblong-obtuse, shorter than the upper ovate-subacute. Corolla blue

and white, ‘35 in. long; the tube abruptly decurved, shorter than the

lower lip; upper lip very short. Hzlaments connate far beyond point of

attachment to corolla-tube. Nutlets orbicular, brown, almost shining.

Benth. Lab. Gen. & Spec. 54 and in DC. Prodr. XIT. 74; Wall. Cat.

2733; Nunes Fl. Filip. t. 208; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT..951; Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 626.

In most of the Provinces.—Distrip. Malay Archipelago ;

Philippines ; Polynesia.

6. PocostEemon, Desf.

Herbs or undershrubs, often strongly scented. Leaves usually

opposite. lowers small, in simple or paniculate spikes or contracted

racemes formed of many dense-flowered subcapitate whorls. Calyx

almost equally 5-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip 3-lobed, the

lobes subequal or the central.one rather longer and narrower than the

lateral ones; the lower lip flat, patent, entire. Stamens 4, exserted,

straight or declinate, the lower pair rather shorter than the upper ;

filaments bearded; anther-cells confluent. Disk subentire, uniform.

Style shortly 2-fid, the arms subulate, subequal. Nutlets smooth,

ovoid or ellipsoid——Distrirp. Species about 30, throughout South-

eastern Asia.

Leaves membranous, sparingly puberulous or almost glabrous ;

whorls separated by distinct interspaces throughout the spikes ;

corolla glabrous externally, except for a few hairs on margin of

lower lip . o6 iG oe of c

Leaves herbaceous, densely pubescent, especially beneath ;

whorls contiguous throughout the spikes or only the lowest

separated by an interspace; corolla uniformly pubescent

externally oi ba te oc .. 2. P. Cablin.

1. P. Heyneanus.

1. Pocostremon Heyneanus, Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 31 (1830).

An erect branching herb, 2 to 4 ft. high. Stems and branches slender,

sparsely pubescent. Leaves opposite, thinly membranous, very

sparingly puberulous or sometimes almost glabrous on both surfaces,

708 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

medium-green above, pale-green beneath, ovate-acute; base wide-

cuneate, entire ; margin elsewhere crenate, each lobule again crenulate;

2°5 to 4 in. long, 1°5 to 2°75 in. wide; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, very

sparingly puberulous. Flowers in slender, simple or paniculately

branching terminal spikes 3 to 6 in. long ; whorls at the base ‘5 to °75 in.

apart, gradually more approximate upwards, but those near the apex

still -2 to ‘15 in. apart; whorls -4 in. across; bracts elliptic, acute,

sparingly puberulous, -15 in. long or less. Calyx ‘15 in. (in fruit -2 in.)

long, sparingly pubescent externally; teeth triangular, one-third the

length of the tube, equal and similar. Corolla :2 in. long, glabrous

externally save for a few hairs on margin of lower lip. laments

exserted, almost straight, all bearded. Style-arms short, only one-

tenth to one-eighth the length of the style. Nuwtlets wide-ovate, -02 in.

long, dark-brown with a paler base, smooth. Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp.

154, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 153; Wight Ic. t. 1440; Cooke Fl. Bomb.

Il. 455. P. Patchowh, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Addend. 66 (not

P. Patchouly, Pellet.). P. Patchouli, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 633 (not

P. Patchouly, Pellet.).

SmnGapore: G. Thomson. Mauacca: Griffith, 3966! SELANGOR:

Rawang, Audley 7603! Cultivated or as an escape from cultivation.—

Distris. India and Ceylon; where, however, it is only known as a

cultivated plant or as an escape from cultivation.

This, the Indian ‘‘ Patchouli.” if one may judge from the specimens communi-

cated, is the plant first introduced to our area on account of its peculiar scent. There

is nothing to indicate whether it was formerly at all extensively cultivated; it does

not appear to be so now.

2. Pocostemon Casuin, Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 156 (1848). An

erect, rather stout, branching undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high. Stems and

branches stout, distinctly swollen under the nodes, densely hoary-

pubescent. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, closely densely pubescent on

both surfaces, especially beneath, dark-green above, medium-green

below, ovate-acute; base shortly cuneate or subtruncate, entire ;

margin elsewhere usually deeply lobate, the lobes crenate; rarely

margin simply crenate or in upper leaves almost entire; 3 to 4 in. long,

2 to 3 in. wide; petiole 1:5 to 2°5 in. long, densely hoary-pubescent.

Flowers in stout simple spikes terminating the stem and the branches,

1:5 to 4 in. long, the lowest whorl sometimes ‘5 to “6 in. remote from

the next, the rest or all the whorls closely aggregate; whorls -75 in.

across or more; bracts elliptic, acute, densely pubescent, -2 to °35 in.

long. Calyx °2 in. (in fruit :25 in.) long, densely pubescent, especially

along the nerves; teeth triangular, one-third the length of the tube,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 709

equal and similar. Corolla :3 in. long, the throat and lips uni-

formly pubescent externally. Fzlaments exserted, almost straight, all

bearded. Style-arms rather long, one-fifth to one-fourth the length

of the style. Nutlets not seen ripe. P. Patchouly, Pellet. in Mem.

Soc. Se. Orleans V. 277, t. 7. LP. swavis, Ten. in Giorn. Bot. Ital. II.

06. P. Patchoulk, Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. I. 328, t.11. P. Patchouli

var. swavis, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 634. Mentha Cablin, Blanco, FI.

Filip. 473. M. awricularia, Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2, 329 (not of Linn.).

Perak: Wray! Prenanea: Wallich! Curtis! Cultivated only, in

our area.—Distris. Philippines; where, according to Loher, it occurs

only in gardens.

This plant seems to flower not infrequently in the Philippines ; there are specimens

from thence at Kew collected both by Vidal and by Loher. So far as is known, it has

flowered only three times in Hurope: once in France, recorded by Pelletier (1844);

once in Italy, recorded by Tenore (1847); once in England, recorded by Sir W. J.

Hooker (1849): Hooker’s plant was obtained from Tenore. No flowering specimen

has ever been communicated from our area where, according to Wray and Curtis, it

is extensively cultivated by Chinese settlers. In the Royal Botanic Garden at

Calcutta the plant has been in continuous cultivation since 1834, when Wallich first

obtained it from Penang; at Saharanpur, whence it was distributed from the

Calcutta Garden, it has also been long in cultivation. At Calcutta and at

Saharanpur all attempts to induce the plant to flower have consistently failed.

This, which may be termed the Malayan, as opposed to the original or Indian

Patchouli, is not known to be cultivated anywhere in India except in botanical

gardens.

There are indications that a third kind of Patchouli plant, the Chinese

Patchouli (Microtoena cymosa, Prain), had at one time been introduced, not impossibly

by Chinese settlers, to Java. But its cultivation has not persisted in the Malayan

Archipelago, and there is no indication that it was ever introduced to the Peninsula.

The Chinese Patchouli seems at one time to haye been cultivated to a considerable

extent in North-eastern India, and to have competed in the Calcutta market with

the Indian Patchouli (Pogostemon Heyneanus). Now, however, the Malayan

Patchouli, the product of Pogostemon Cablin, appears to have so completely

supplanted both the others that neither are offered for sale, and the cultivation of

Pogostemon Heyneanus is restricted to native gardens in the Indian Peninsula,

while that of Wicrotoena cymosa ouly lingers in a few native gardens in the Khasia

Hills.

In commercial samples of the leaves of Pogostemon Cablin, various extraneous

leaves are to be met with. The chief of these are leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Poit.,

in our area known as ‘‘ Ruku,” also leaves of Urena lobata, Linn., known in our

area as ‘‘Perpulut.” With Hyptis suaveolens, and under the same name ‘‘ Ruku,”

are associated the leaves of Ocimum Basilicum, Linn., var. pilosum. These, how-

ever, are in much smaller quantity than those of the Hyptis.

710 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

7. DysopHyLua, Bl.

Herbs. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers minute, in dense

long spikes composed of numerous close-set many-flowered cymes.

Calyx minute, ovoid, 5-toothed; teeth subequal; throat naked within.

Corolla minute; tube exserted or included, limb equally 4-fid; upper

lobe entire or notched, lower spreading, Stamens 4, exserted, straight

or nearly so; filaments bearded, very long; anther-cells confluent.

Disk equal, subentire. Style 2-fid. Nutlets ovoid or oblong, smooth or

granulate.—Distris. Species about 15, in Tropics of Old World and

Australia.

DyYSOPHYLLA AURICULARIA, Blume Bijdr. 826 (1826). A coarse annual

herb. Stems laxly branched, rarely simple, 1 to 2 ft. high, pubescent

with spreading hairs. Leaves opposite, membranous, rather pale-green,

especially beneath, with numerous scattered hairs above and with

similar hairs on the nerves beneath, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or

rarely obtuse, with entire cuneate or rounded base; margins elsewhere

coarsely serrate; 1 to 2°75 in. long, 5 to 1 in. wide; petiole -1 to -4 in.

long. lowers in villous cylindric terminal spikes 1:5 to 3 in. long,

‘2 to -35 in. in diam.; whorls of cymes close-set throughout. Calyx

in fruit -1 in. long, subcampanulate, gland-dotted ; teeth subequal, tri-

angular, incurved over the nutlets. Corolla -1 in. long, pinkish; tube

slender, much exserted; lobes short, pubescent. ilaments exserted,

densely villous. Nuwtlets ellipsoid, almost smooth. Benth. Lab. Gen.

& Sp. 158, in DC. Prodr. XII. 156, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 30; Wall.

Cat. 1548; Wight Ic. t. 1445; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 638. Mentha

auricularva, Linn. Mant. 81; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 4; Griff. Notul.

TV. 200. M. fetida, Burm. FI. Ind. 126.

In all the provinces.—Disrris. Throughout South-east Asia.

8. Menta, Linn.

Strongly scented perennial herbs with creeping rootstocks. Flowers

small, in usually many-flowered terminal spikes or axillary whorls;

bracts small or large. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 10-ribbed,

5-toothed; teeth subequal. Corolla-tube infundibuliform, short ; lobes 4,

the uppermost rather wider than the other three, emarginate. Stamens

4, usually dimorphic, subequal; filaments free, erect, distant; anthers

2-celled ; cells parallel. Dzsk entire, uniform. Style-arms short, sub-

equal. Nutlets ovoid, smooth or reticulate.—Distris. Species variously

estimated—perhaps not more than 30 in reality—mainly in North

Temperate regions, but some now widely dispersed in all parts of the

world.

Mentua savanica, Blume Bijdr. 826 (1826). A prostrate herb, rooting

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 711

below. Stems 1 to 2 ft. long, pubescent with reflexed adpressed hairs.

Leaves opposite, membranous, harshly hairy above, glabrous beneath,

rather wide-lanceolate, acute; base long-cuneate, entire; margin else-

where serrate; 1 to 2 in. long, :25 to ‘35 in. wide; petiole -25 in. long

or shorter; floral leaves like those on the stem below the whorls.

Flowers in axillary capitate distant whorls; bracts acute, shorter than

the flowers. Calyx ‘1 in. long, tubular-campanulate, adpressed-pubes-

cent; teeth lanceolate, acute, longer than the tube. Corolla :15 in. long,

pubescent. Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 173. WM. sateva, Roxb. FI.

Ind. III. 6 (hardly of Linn.). M. arvensis, Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 239 ;

Trim. Fl. Ceyl. III. 381 (hardly of Linn.). MW. arvensis var. javamea,

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 648.

Mauacca: Griffith!—Distris. Ceylon; Java; Philippines.

Apparently rare, and possibly an introduced plant in our area, seeing that it has

never been reported since Griffith met with it. As Sir J. D. Hooker remarks, this,

which is Roxburgh’s MW. sativa, may really be a form of M. sativa, Linn., and, if so, may

only be a state of MW. arvensis, Linn., to which Boissier refers WM. sativa, and to which

Thwaites refers the present plant. For the purposes of a local flora, however, it seems

better to keep this form, which is easily recognized, apart as a distinct species.

9. CanaAmintHA, Moench.

Herbs or shrubs. Flowers small or medium, in dense axillary or

loose spicate or racemose or panicled whorls. Calyx 13-nerved, 2-lipped;

lower lip 2-toothed, teeth narrow; upper lip 3-toothed, teeth wider and

more highly connate; throat naked or villous. Corolla-tube straight,

throat villous; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; upper lip erect, flattish.

Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under upper lip, the upper pair

sometimes imperfect; anther-cells parallel or divaricate. Dzsk uniform,

entire. Style-lobes equal or the upper smaller. Nwtlets minute, sub-

globose, smooth.— Distris. Species about 40, in North Temperate

regions.

CALAMINTHA GRACILIS, Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 232 (1848). A slen-

der prostrate herb. Stems 8 to 12in., faintly puberulous, rooting below.

Leaves opposite, membranous, glabrous on both sides, dark-green above,

_ paler beneath, ovate-subacute; base rounded or shortly cuneate, entire ;

margin elsewhere serrate; ‘4 to ‘6 in. long, °3 to ‘5 in. wide; petiole

‘25 in. long, puberulous. lowers in lax many-flowered whorls in axils

of uppermost leaves, and there remote or aggregated in racemose or sub-

capitate terminal racemes, with rachis sparsely pubescent; bracteoles

subulate, finely puberulous, half as long as slender pedicels. Calyx

‘12 in. (in fruit -17 in.) long; tube slightly inflated below ; lower teeth

subulate, ciliate, incurved; upper lip shortly 3-toothed, recurved; teeth

712 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ovate; pedicels ‘12 in. long, puberulous. Corolla :2 in. long. Nuitlets

‘02 in., pale-brown, smooth.

Perak: Thaiping, Azdley 11912!—Distrie. Java; Assam.

This species is not included in the ‘ Flora of British India.’ It was obtained by the

late Mr. C. B. Clarke, at Dibrugarh in Upper Assam, subsequent to the appearance of

the account of the Indian species of this family by Sir Joseph Hooker.

10. Satvia, Linn.

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. flowers small, medium, or large

and showy; whorls usually in racemes or spikes; bracts small or large,

sometimes coloured. Calyx campanulate or tubular, 2-lipped; mouth

naked ; upper lip entire or 3-toothed; lower lip 2-fid. Corolla 2-lipped;

tube naked or annulate within; lower lip 3-lobed, the central lobe

usually wider than the lateral, entire or emarginate; upper lip erect.

Stamens 2, the upper pair imperfect, represented by small staminodes

or obsolete ; filaments short, articulating with a slender connective, and

sometimes produced beyond the joint; connective linear, transverse,

with an upper ascending arm which bears a linear fertile anther-

cell, and a lower straight or deflexed arm bearing a cell which may be

empty or fertile or bearing no cell. Dusk usually enlarged anteriorly.

Style shortly 2-fid; the lobes usually subulate, equal or the lower

larger, sometimes flattened. Nuwtlets ovoid, somewhat triquetrous,

smooth.—Distris. Species about 450, cosmopolitan.

Flowers rather large, showy ; corolla-tube long, far exserted .. 1. S. coccinea.

Flowers minute, inconspicuous; corolla-tube short, not exserted .. 2. S. plebeia.

1. Sanvra coccrnes, Juss. ex Murr. in Comm. Gott. I. 86, t. 1 (1778).

A slender herb, 1 to 3 ft. high. Stems numerous, 4-angled, ascending,

often branched, finely pubescent. Leaves opposite, membranous,

glabrous above, finely white-pubescent beneath, dark-green, ovate- or

cordate-acute, crenate except the base; 1 to 1:5 in. long, -75 to 1 in.

wide; petiole slender, finely puberulous, °6 to ‘8 in. long. Flowers in

6- to 10-flowered remote whorls disposed in terminal racemes; bracts

ovate-acuminate, deciduous; pedicels ‘12 in. long, slender, puberulous.

Calyx -25 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long, pubescent, striate, narrowly cam-

panulate; upper lip entire, obtuse; lower 2-fid; the lobes acute.

Corolla ‘75 in. long, red; tube straight, much exserted, widened

upwards; lower lip spreading, 3-fid; upper lip short, erect. Nutlets

‘08 in. long, very narrowly oblong, smooth, brown, shining. Linn.

f. Suppl. 88; Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 343; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.

656. S. Gerardiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 2150.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 713

Stnaapore: Kurz! Mauacca: Maingay 1167! 1778! Anpamans:

Port Blair, Kwrz!—Disrrm. America, where indigenous; Africa and

South-east Asia, where generally cultivated and often as an escape

from gardens.

2. SALVIA PLEBEIA, R. Br. Prodr. 501 (1810). An erect herb, 6 to

18 in. high. Stems obtusely 4-angled, grooved, hoary-pubescent.

Leaves opposite, membranous, sparsely hirsute or nearly glabrous,

oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute; base usually cuneate, entire ;

margin elsewhere irregularly crenate; 2 to 4 in. long, °75 to 1°75 in.

wide ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in paniculate or subthyrsoid,

interrupted, pubescent, spicate racemes ; bracts small, linear-spathulate ;

pedicels short. Calyx -1 to 12 in. (in fruit -18 to -2 in.) long, cam-

panulate, 2-lipped; upper lip obtuse, entire, lower 2-fid; the lobes

acute or subacute. Corolla small, ‘15 in. long, whitish; lower lip

3-lobed, the mid-lobe exceeding the lateral ones; upper lip oblong,

obtuse. Nutlets ‘04 in. long, ovoid, smooth, brown. Benth. Lab. Gen.

& Sp. 309, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 355; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 970;

Hook..f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 655. S. brachiata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 145;

Wall. Cat. 2149.

Matacca: perhaps also in some ofthe other provinces.—DIstTRIB.

South-east Asia generally; Australia. “A very common Indian field-

weed, but in our area apparently extremely rare and perhaps only

introduced.

11. ScutenuaRis, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers often in long narrow racemes.

Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped ; lips closed in fruit, ultimately free to the

base, the upper at length deciduous, with a deciduous dorsal scale or

pouch, the lower persistent. Corolla 2-lipped; tube long, usually

abruptly recurved beyond the calyx and ascending, dilated at the

throat, not annulate within; lower lip wide, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes

small and often connate with upper lip, which is erect, galeate, entire

or notched. Stamens 4, didynamous, the upper pair shorter, ascending

under the hooded upper lip; anthers connivent, ciliate, those of upper

stamens 2-celled, of lower 1-celled. Dusk elongate. Style 2-fid;

upper lobe very short. Nuwutlets subglobose, smooth, granulate or

hispidulous.—Distris. Species about 90, mainly in the Northern

Hemisphere.

Pubescent ; leaves purple beneath ; corolla pale-blue .. IL. S. discolor.

Glabrous ; leaves green beneath; corolla dark-blue, with white

centre of lower lip ae ie ee .. 2. S. andamanica.

714 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

1. ScUTELLARIA DIscoLoR, Colebr. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 66 (1830).

A slender pubescent herb. Stems ascending from a creeping rootstock,

1 to 2 ft. high; rarely branched, often naked above. Leaves opposite,

and crowded towards the base of the stem, pubescent on both sides,

often purple beneath, elliptic, obtuse; base rounded or cordate; margin

erenate; 1:5 to 4 in. long, ‘75 to 2°5 in. wide; petioles 1 to 3 in. long.

Flowers disposed in slender racemes 2 to 8 in. long; rachis pubescent ;

bracts ‘1 to -15 in. long; pedicels ‘1 in. long. Calyx -12 in. (in fruit

‘2 in.) long, pubescent. Corolla pale-blue, faintly puberulous externally,

‘5 to ‘6 in. long; tube -4 in. long; throat somewhat dilated; lower lip

3-lobed; upper lip galeate, obtuse. Nutlets -03 in. long, scabrid.

Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 417; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 667.

S. indica, Blume Bijdr. 839; Wall. Cat. 2134 (not of Linn.). 8S. heteropoda,

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 972.

Perak: Scortechint. — Distrip. India; Indo-China; Malay

Archipelago.

2. SCUTELLARIA ANDAMANICA, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX. u.

307 (1890). A slender glabrous undershrub. Stems many from a

woody rootstock with clustered rootlets, 8 to 10 in. high, simple or

branched. Leaves opposite, rather few, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ;

base long-cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere crenate-dentate; 1:5 to

1:75 in. long, -4 to ‘6 in. wide; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long. Flowers

opposite above, in whorls of three below, in slender racemes 3 to 4 in.

long ; bracts -12 in. long; pedicels °12 in. long. Calya# -12 in. (in fruit

‘2 in.) long, glabrous. Corolla blue, with centre of lower lip white;

‘6 in. long; throat little dilated; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip galeate.

Nutlets ‘04 in. long, scabrid, pale-brown. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.

PX io GaGae ty Ae

ANDAMANS: Port Blair, in stream beds, not uncommon.

12. AnisomELEs, R. Br.

Herbs, with tall coarse branching stems. Flowers medium, in

axillary whorls, or in lax branching paniculate cymes. Calyx ovoid or

tubular, straight, equally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short, annulate

within; lower lip 3-lobed, broad and patent, the mid-lobe retuse or

notched ; upper lip entire, erect. Stamens exserted; anthers con-

nivent, those of the lower and longer pair dimidiate; of the shorter

upper pair 2-celled ; the cells parallel, transverse. Disk equal. Style

subequally 2-fid. Nutlets smooth.—Distrip. Species about 8, South-

eastern Asiatic and Australian.

Flora of the Mulayan Peninsula. 715

Stems and branches acutely 4-angled, softly pubescent to

glabrate ; corolla pale-purple ; calyx-teeth about as long as the

tube .. js are ae or Bey gle eAecoucibas

Stems and branches obtusely 4-angled, densely white woolly ;

corolla dark-purple; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube .. 2. d. malabarica.

1. ANISOMELES ovaTA, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, III. 364

(1811). A stoutish shrubby plant, with acutely 4-angled stems and

branches, 2 to 5 ft. high, sparingly hairy to densely pubescent or almost

woolly. Leaves opposite, thickly herbaceous, uniformly hairy to woolly-

tomentose on both sides, rather pale-green; ovate-acute with entire

truncate, rounded, or subcordate, less often shortly cuneate base;

margin elsewhere crenate-serrate; 1:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2-265 in.

wide, rarely rather larger low down on the stem; petiole ‘6 to 1:5 in.

long. Flowers in dense whorls, distant below, approximate above in a

dense spicate inflorescence; in fruit the cymes sometimes subsecundly

explanate; bracts -15 to -2 in. long, linear, beset with long firm hairs.

Calyx ‘25 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long, subsessile, hirsute with firm hairs ;

teeth lanceolate, acute, almost as long as tube, hairy within and without,

ciliate. Corolla -6 in. long, light-purple with blue lower lip; tube -2 in.

long ; lower lip 4-lobed from deep division of the middle segment into

two oblong lobes; the lateral lobes small, rounded; upper -25 in. long,

oblong, entire. Filaments hirsute. Nutlets -1 in. long, wide-ovate,

subcompressed; inner face bluntly angular, outer rounded, smooth,

shining, nearly black. Wall. Cat. 2040; Jacq. Hclog. I. t. 86; Hook.

Bot. Mise. II. 358, Suppl. t. 19; Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 59, and

in DC. Prodr. XII. 455; Wight Ic. t. 865; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.

975; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 672. A. distecha, Heyne in Roth Nov.

Sp. 254; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 2. A. glabrata, Benth. in Wall. Cat.

9041. A. mollissima, Wall. Cat. 2039. A. indica, O. Kuntze Rey. Gen.

512. Nepeta mdica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 571. N. ambownca, Linn. f.

Suppl. 273. N. distecha, Blume Bijdr. 823. Ballota disticha, Linn.

Mant. 83. B. maurztiana, Pers. Syn. Il. 126. Ajuga disticha, Roxb.

Fl. Ind. III. 2. Marrubswm wamdicum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127. WM.

odoratissumum, Burm. Thes. Zeylan. t. 71, f. 1. Monarda zeylanica,

Burm. Fl. Ind. 12.

In all the provinces, in waste places.—Distris. South-eastern Asia

generally ; China.

A very variable plant as regards tomentum ; the extreme forms being 4. glabrata,

Benth., which is only sparsely hairy, and d. mollissima, Wall., which is densely

softly woolly-pubescent. The two forms mentioned are probably deserving of separa-

tion as varieties ; intermediate states, however, occur.

716 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

2. ANISOMELES MALABARICA, R. Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2071 (1819).

An erect shrubby plant, with obtusely 4-angled stems and branches,

4 to 6 ft. high, densely tomentose or thickly woolly. Leaves opposite,

very thickly herbaceous, pale-green above, white below, uniformly

softly woolly tomentose, oblong-lanceolate, acute, with entire rounded

or shortly cuneate base; margin elsewhere crenate-serrate; 2°5 to 4 in.

long, °75 to 1°75 in. wide; petiole °5 in. long, stout, softly woolly.

Flowers in dense whorls, distant below, approximate above, often 1-25 in.

across, forming an interrupted spicate inflorescence; bracts -4 to ‘5 in.

long, linear, acute, densely softly woolly. Calyx -3 in. (in fruit -4 in.)

long, subsessile, densely villous; teeth about half as long as tube,

narrowly lanceolate, acute, villous externally and internally, ciliate.

Corolla ‘8 in. long, dark-purple, somewhat pubescent externally; tube

‘30 in. long; lower lip 4-lobed from deep division of the middle seg-

ment into 2 oblong obtuse lobes; upper lip ‘35 in. long, obtuse. F%la-

ments pubescent. Nutlets -12 to -15 in. long, ellipsoid, compressed,

inner face faintly angled, outer rounded, smooth, shining, brown.

Wall. Cat. 2037; Hook. Journ. Bot. I. 225, t.127; Wight Ie. t.

864; Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 59, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 704, and in

DC. Prodr. XII. 456; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 673. A. intermedia,

Wight in Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 703; DC. Prodr. XII. 456. Nepeta

malabarica, Linn. Mant. 566. Ajuga fruticosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 1.

Penane: Wallach 2037! Ayer Ktam, Tat’s Corner, Curtes 3741 !—

Distris. Drier parts of India and Ceylon; Mauritius, where it is pro-

bably an introduced species.

The fact that this plant is in our area confined, so far as is known, to Penang,

makes it not improbable that we have here to deal with an introduced species. It

is a common and characteristic plant of the Deccan and of the drier region of Ceylon,

but does not occur elsewhere in India.

13. Leonotis, R. Br.

Herbs or shrubs, usually tall and coarse. Flowers large, im many-

flowered axillary whorls; bracts numerous, slender. Calyx 10-nerved ;

tube often incurved; mouth oblique, with 8 to 10 rigid teeth, the

uppermost longer than the rest. Corolla-twbe included or exserted ;

lower lip small, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe largest ; upper lip long, concave,

villous above. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending ugder upper lip,

lower pair longer ; anthers connivent; the cells divaricate. Dzsk equal. —

Style subulate, with very short upper lobe. Nutlets obovoid or oblong

or ovoid, truncate or rounded at the apex, glabrous.—DistTRIB. Species

about 12, mostly confined to Africa, the present one occurring also in

Asia and America, where probably it was originally introduced.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 717

LEONOTIS NEPETIFOLIA, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, III. 409

(1811). A tall erect annual herb, 4 to 7 ft. high, with stout obtusely

thickly 4-angled stems deeply furrowed between the angles, finely

pubescent. Leaves opposite, membranous, ovate-acute; base shortly

cuneate and decurrent on the petiole, entire ; margin elsewhere coarsely

crenate-serrate, finely pubescent above and below, 2°5 to 6 in. long,

15 to 4 in. wide; petiole 1 to 4 in. long, winged near apex.

Flowers in dense globose, axillary, many-flowered whorls 1:5 to 2°5 in.

across; floral leaves lanceolate, deflexed; bracts linear, strongly

spinescent at the apex, deflexed, pubescent, the longest -5 in. long or

longer. Calyx ‘6 in. (in fruit ‘75 in.) long, tubular, incurved, strongly |

ribbed, puberulous below, densely pubescent above, where also hispid

with long white hairs, reticulately veined within, glabrous ; teeth 8 to 9,

unequal, the uppermost -35 in. long, ovate-acute, much exceeding the

triangular others, all with spinescent tips. Corolla 1 in. long, orange-

scarlet ; tube ‘5 in. long, glabrous near base, densely beset above with

orange-scarlet pubescence, 3-annulate within with transverse bands of

white hairs; lower lip °15 to ‘2 in. long, with 3 oblong obtuse lobes, the

mesial rather the largest; upper lip *d in. long, densely villous with

orange-scarlet hairs. Nutlets -15 in. long, oblong-obovoid, obliquely

truncate and pitted at apex. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 59, in Lab.

Gen. & Sp. 618, andin DC. Prodr. XII. 535; Wall. Cat. 2042; Wight III.

Il. t.176 8; Wight Ic. t. 867; Bot. Reg. t. 281; Bot. Mag. t. 3700;

Mig) Fl Ind: Bat: T1984; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. EV. 691. Phlomis

nepetefolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 586; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 8 (sph. repetifolra).

In some of the provinces, as an escape.—Distris. Tropical Africa,

where probably indigenous, but also widespread in South-eastern Asia

and occuring in Tropical America.

14. Leucas, R. Br.

Herbs or undershrubs. lowers medium or small, in dense axillary,

usually distant, less often terminal whorls. Calyx 10-nerved, often

striate; mouth equal or oblique; teeth 6 to 10, usually unequal.

Corolla-tube not exserted, annulate or not within; lower lip 3-fid,

spreading, mid-lobe large; upper lip erect, concave, villous externally.

Stamens 4, didynamous, the upper pair shorter, ascending under upper

lip; anthers connivent; cells divaricate, ultimately confluent. Disk

entire or lobed, uniform or enlarged anteriorly. Style subulate ; upper

lobe minute or obsolete. Nuwtlets ovoid, triquetrous, obtuse—DIstTRIB.

Species about 100, chiefly in Tropics of Old World.

718 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Whorls numerous, distant, axillary ; calyx-teeth Oe slender ;

corolla small; tube not annulate within : . 1. L. martinicensis.

Whorls few, usually all or nearly all terminal ; year ween

short; corolla medium; tube annulate within near the

middle :—

Whole plant sparingly beset with hispidulous hairs; calyx-

mouth obliquely campanulate, not contracted; teeth erect .. 2. L. zeylanica.

Whole plant smooth, finely puberulous; calyx-mouth pyro-

jecting above in a large triangular lip, with the small teeth

ascending along its margins, the mouth below forming a

rounded sinus .. ae on re - .. 38. L.lavandulifolia:

1. LEUCAS MARTINICENSIS, R. Br. Prodr. 504 (1810). A tall, stout,

annual herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, more or less branched. Stem and branches

hirsute, 4-angled and 4-grooved, angles rounded. Leaves opposite,

membranous, hirsute above and below, ovate, oblong or wide-lanceolate,

obtuse; base cuneate, rarely rounded, entire; margin elsewhere widely

and rather deeply crenate; 2°5 to 3°5 in. long, 1 to 1:75 in. wide;

petiole hirsute, -4 to :7 in. long. Flowers sessile, in numerous, distant,

axillary, globose, many-flowered whorls which are “75 to 1:25 in. across:

the floral leaves decreasing upwards, especially in width of blade and

Jength of petiole ; bracteoles green, -25 to 35 in. long, narrowly linear-

lanceolate or subulate, spinescent at their tips with pale slender awns.

Calyx °4 in. (in fruit ‘6 in.) long, tubular, sigmoid, pubescent externally ;

tube within glabrous and closely reticulate; mouth with a few short

villi within, oblique; teeth 10, all lanceolate, ciliate, with fine spinescent

tips; the uppermost largest, ‘2 in. long; the others alternately longer

and shorter, ‘1 and ‘12 in. long. Corolla white, small, -35 in. long ;

tube -2 in. long, not annulate within; lower lip spreading, the lateral

lobes oblong rounded, wider than the oblong 2-fid central; upper lip

erect, white-villous. Nwtlets ‘1 in. long, obovoid-oblong, obliquely

truncate at apex, angular on inner face, rounded on outer, dark-brown,

shining. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 60, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 617, and in

DC. Prodr. XII. 533; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 983; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TV. 688. JL. polycephala, Wall. Cat. 2051. Phlomis martiunicensis, Sw.

Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 88.

PERAK: in waste places, Scortechan!—Distris. Tropical America;

Tropical and South Africa ; India and Indo-China.

An introduced and as yet apparently a rare plant in our area.

2. Lucas zEYLANICA, R. Br. Prodr. 504 (1810). An erect annual

herb, 6 to 20 in. in height, simple or branched. Stems and branches

4-angled, hispidulous with scattered spreading hairs. Leaves opposite,

decussate, membranous, dark-green above, uniformly but sparsely beset

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 719

with spreading hispidulous hairs, paler and subglaucescent beneath,

with spreading hispidulous hairs on the nerves, the hairs on both sides

curved towards leaf-apex, ovate-lanceolate, or occasionally lanceolate,

acute; base long-cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere entire or remotely

and sparingly serrate; 1:5 to 3 in. long, ‘25 to ‘5, rarely -75 in. wide ;

petiole :1 to ‘2 in. long, hispidulous. lowers sessile or subsessile, in

terminal usually 6- to 8-leaved whorls ‘d to ‘75 in. across, occasionally

also axillary whorls occur below; bracts -25 in. long, linear, spinescent,

hispidulous along the margin with stiff spreading hairs. Calyx -2 in.

(in fruit -3 in.) long, turbinate, slightly curved; the tube below glabrous

or faintly pubescent externally, above beset with scattered, spreading,

hispidulous hairs; the mouth subcampanulate, oblique, distinctly trans-

versely veined between the 10 nerves, and sparingly pubescent within

with short white hairs, the uppermost of which project beyond the

limb; teeth 8, the uppermost ‘05 in. long, slightly longer than the

others, all subulate, spinescent at the tip. Corolla white, medium,

‘5 in. long; tube °25 in. long, glabrous below, enlarged upwards where

pubescent externally, annulate within near the middle; lower lip patent,

the mid-lobe large, shortly widely clawed, the lateral lobes small; upper

lip obovate, white-woolly. Nutlets :15 in. long, obovoid-oblong ; apex

subtruncate ; inner face angular, outer rounded; dark-brown or black,

shining. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 60, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 614, and in

DC. Prodr. XII. 531; Wight Ill. t. 176; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 689.

LL. involucrata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 2047. ZL. dimidiata, Benth. in

DC. Prodr. XII. 532 (probably not of Spreng. Syst. II. 743). L. nutans,

Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 60 (not of Spreng.); Wall. Cat. 2523

(not of Spreng.). LL. malayana, Hance in Walp. Ann. III. 269. JZ.

bancana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 572; Hallier f. Ann. Jard. Bot.

Buitenz. XIII. 293. L. aspera, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 690 (in part ;

not of Spreng.). Phlomis zeylanica, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,820. Leonurus

Marrubiastrum, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127 (not of Linn.).

SINGAPORE: in waste places, frequent, G. Thomson! Kurz 2906!

Deschamps! Mauacca: Griffith !— Disrris. Throughout South-

eastern Asia.

3. LEUCAS LAVANDULIFOLIA, Smith in Rees Cyclop. XX. n. 2 (1819).

An erect, slender, annual herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, usually branching. Stems

and branches 4-angled, finely adpressed-puberulous. Leaves opposite,

herbaceous, finely puberulous on both surfaces, rather pale-green, linear-

lanceolate, less often lanceolate, subacute; base tapering gradually from

about the middle, entire; margin elsewhere entire in linear-lanceolate

leaves, sometimes remotely and sparingly serrate in lanceolate ones;

petiole usually very short or obsolete, rarely as much as °35 in. long.

720 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Flowers subsessile or shortly pedicelled, in axillary and terminal but

always leafy whorls, and always towards apex of stem and branches, -4

to ‘6 in. across; bracts -2 to 3 in. long, narrowly linear, subspinescent,

finely puberulous. Calyx °35 in. (in fruit -45 in.) long behind, -2 to

‘25 in. long in front, sparingly puberulous or glabrous externally; tube

curved; mouth pubescent within with adpressed white short hairs,

contracted, very oblique, rounded below, and forming above a large acute

lobe much produced forward and tipped by a minute spinescent tooth ;

the remaining teeth variable in number, also minute, distant, erect

along the oblique margin, usually 3, occasionally 4, sometimes only 2

on each side, with often a small tooth in the centre of the rounded

sinus opposite the acute posterior lobe. Corolla white, medium, °d in.

long; tube -25 in. long, annulate within near the middle; lower lip

patent, the mid-lobe large, obovate, rounded, lateral lobes small ; upper

lip oblong, white-woolly. Nutlets -12 in. long, oblong, rounded at apex ;

inner face angular, outer rounded; pale-brown, dull. L. lanzfolua, Spreng.

Syst. IT. 743 (1825); Wall. Cat. 2048; Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I.

60, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 617, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 533 ; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. IT. 983; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 690. Phlomis linifolia, Roth

Nov. Sp. 260 (1821). P. zeylanica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 9; Jacq. Ic. PI.

Rar. I. 11, t. 111 (not of Linn.). Leonwrus indicus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127.

Herba admirationis, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI. t. 16, f. 1.

PENANG: Penara Bukit, Curtzs 1115! Srne@arore: in cultivated

ground, G. Thomson! Kunstler 48!— Distrrp. South-eastern Asia

generally ; Mascarenes (Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles).

The calyx-mouth of this species has been described in works of much authority as

glabrous within ; it is pubescent within.

15. Leonurus, Linn.

Stout, erect, leafy herbs, with lobed leaves. Flowers small, in

densely congested, axillary distant whorls. Calyx turbinate, 5-nerved,

with 5 spreading spinescent teeth. Corolla-twbe naked or annulate

within ; lower lip 3-fid, with obcordate mid-lobe ; upper lip entire, erect.

Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under upper lip, lower pair longer ;

anthers connivent ; the cells parallel, transverse. Disk uniform. Style

equaly 2-fid; the lobes obtuse or subulate. Nwtlets smooth, dry,

truncate at the apex.—Distris. Species 10; almost cosmopolitan.

LeEonvRUS siprricus, Linn. Sp. Pl. 584 (1753). A rather coarse

annual herb, with obtusely 4-angled, furrowed, usually softly pubescent

stems, 2 to 6 ft. high. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, palmatipartite,

with linear incised segments, dark-green and glabrous or nearly so

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. — 721

above, paler and more or less pubescent on the nerves beneath; 1:5 to

4 in. long, 1 to 3 in. wide; petiole 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers in

axillary whorls; the upper floral leaves usually entire; bracts ‘5 in.

long, spinescent. Calyx -25 in. (in fruit -35 in.) long, glabrous or

sparingly pubescent ; tube -2 in. long; teeth spinescent from a shortly

triangular base. Corolla -4 to ‘5 in. long, red; tube -25 in. long,

annulate within; lower lip 3-lobed, mid-lobe obcordate, the lateral

lobes rounded; upper lip obovate, galeate, entire, pubescent. Fila-

ments exserted. Nutlets:1 in. long, triquetrous, truncate. Wall. Cat.

2071; Benth. in DC. Prodr. XII. 501; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 978;

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 678. JZ. tataricus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 127:

Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 8 (not of Linn.)

In some of the provinces, in waste places; an introduced weed of

waysides and waste places——Distrip. Originally Asiatic, now almost

cosmopolitan.

Though described by Bentham, and by Hooker, ll.cc., as not annulate, the

corolla-tube of this species is distinctly annulate within. The annulus is slightly

oblique, rather higher anteriorly, and is slightly imperfect, there being a small

hiatus behind where the style comes in contact with the corolla-tube.

16. ParapHtomis, Prain.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves membranous. Flowers medium, yellow

or whitish, in dense axillary, many-flowered whorls; _bracteoles

numerous, filiform. Calyx 10-nerved, equally 5-toothed; tube slightly

ineurved. Corolla-tube annulate within; upper lip erect, pubescent

externally, quite glabrous within; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed.

Stamens 4, ascending under upper lip, lower pair longer ; all filaments

without basal appendages; anthers connivent; cells divaricate. Disk

uniform, entire. Style 2-fid, lobes subequal or the upper shorter than

lower. Nutlets obovoid, triquetrous below, rounded above, glabrous.—

Distrin. Species3; two Malayan, one extending from the Eastern

Himalaya to the Philippines.

PARAPHLOMIS RUGOSA, Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. IX. i.

60 (1901). A coarse shrubby plant, 2 to 3 ft. high. Stems stout or

slender, minutely hirsute with deflexed hairs. Leaves opposite,

membranous, dark-green above, paler beneath, glabrous or with

minute scattered hairs on the upper surface, elliptic or oblong-ovate,

acuminate ; base cuneate or truncate, entire; margin elsewhere shortly

toothed, 6 to 8 in. long, 3 to 4 in. wide; petiole slender, 2 to 4 in. long.

Flowers in small distant or rather approximate whorls, axillary and

722 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

also often many on the stem below the leaves, -75 to 1:25 in. across;

bracteoles filiform, glabrescent, rather shorter than the calyx, -3 in. long.

Calyx °4 in. (in fruit °5 in.) long, obconic-campanulate; tube slightly

curved forwards, glabrous upwards where thickly membranous, usually

hispid towards the coriaceous base; teeth 5, slender, lanceolate, from a

triangular membranous base, two-thirds the length of the tube, glabrous.

Corolla pale-yellow or white, 1 in. long, with a distinct annulus within;

both lips pubescent externally ; lower 3-lobed with oblong mid-lobe and

lanceolate lateral lobes; upper narrow, rounded at apex, half the length

of the tube, glabrous within. laments all devoid of basal appendages.

Style-arms subequal. Nutlets -25 in. long, obovoid, acute below and

triquetrous, rounded above, glabrous. Phlonws rugosa, Benth. in Wall.

Cat. 2067, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 63, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 634, and in DC.

Prodr. XII. 545; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 693; Prain Ann. Roy. Bot.

Gard. Cale. IIT. 231; TX. i. 60. Gomphostemma membranifoium, Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 988.

PERAK: Kinta, on limestone rocks, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 7095 !

Scortechum!—Distris. Eastern Himalaya; Indo-China; Malay Archi-

pelago; Philippines.

The specific name applied to this plant by Mr. Bentham is, as Sir Joseph

Hooker remarks, wholly inapplicable. Its characters are so different from those of

the genus Phlomis, and its habit so unlike that of any member of that genus, that

it is necessary to consider it the type of a distinct genus.

17. GoMPHOSTEMMA, Wall.

Coarse, stellately pubescent or tomentose perennial herbs or shrubs.

Roots sometimes tuberous. lowers large or medium, in 6- to 24-

flowered whorls, sessile and densely or peduncled and laxly cymose ;

bracteoles lanceolate or linear. Calyx campanulate, 10-nerved, subequally

5-toothed. Corolla-tube slender; throat inflated; limb 2-lipped; lower

lip spreading, broadly 3-lobed; upper lip galeate, entire or emarginate.

Stamens 4, pubescent, the lower longer, all ascending; anthers conni-

vent in pairs, 2-locular; cells transverse, parallel. Disk subequal or

gibbous behind. Style 2-fid; the lobes subulate, the anterior slightly

the longer. Nutlets drupaceous, glabrous or pubescent, the pericarp

usually fleshy and white, with a broad hilum; rarely all developed.—

Distris. Species 26, South-eastern Asiatic.

Corolla with almost straight tube and narrow throat; calyx-

tube hispidly hairy within; ovary glabrous; nutlets solitary,

glabrous (§ SrmNnosTroma) :—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 723

Calyx-teeth triangular, much shorter than the tube; whorls

few-flowered, densely congested ; flowers yellow .. .. IL. G. microcalyx.

Calyx-teeth linear-subulate, longer than the tube; whorls

many-flowered, laxly cymose; flowers yellow 2. G. crinitum.

Corolla with distinctly incurved tube and wide- pant rimitette

throat ; nutlets 4 (§ HucompHosTemma) :—

Calyx-tube hirsute within, ribbed, green; ovary villous;

nutlets hispid at apex :—

Corolla yellow; style hirsute; calyx-teeth longer than

tube 26 ae .. 3. G. Scortechinit.

Corolla white; style eeaally pllsorene: calyx-teeth not

longer than tube a .. 4. G. oblongum.

Calyx-tube glabrous within, not ished redAichls corolla

white; nutlets quite glabrous, punctulate ne 2s oO G. Curtisin.

Sect. 1. Srenostoma, Prain. Corolla-tube straight, glabrous within,

longer than the calyx, the limb narrow, the lips small. Nuwiélets

usually solitary, smooth.

1. GoMPHOSTEMMA MICROCALYX, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX.

ii. 316 (1890). A coarse perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high. Stems stout,

erect, sulcate, woody, hoary-pubescent or scabrid. Leaves opposite,

herbaceous, dark-green above, hoary beneath, finely closely stellate-

pubescent on both surfaces, oblong-ovate, acute; base cuneate, entire

margin elsewhere entire or widely and minutely toothed ; 4:5 to 6 in.

long, 3 to 3:5 in. wide; petiole of lower leaves 1:5 to 2 in., of upper

leaves ‘5 in. long, scabrid. Flowers in dense, few-flowered whorls in

the axils of the lower leaves and on the bare stem below the leaves ;

bracts ovate-lanceolate, entire, -25 in. long, ‘12 in. wide. Calyx -3 in.

long; teeth short, triangular, less than half as long as the tube.

Corolla yellow, 1:25 in. long, slightly puberulous externally; the

throat very narrow. Style and ovary glabrous. Nutlets smooth,

glabrous. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 251.

Perak: Larut, 1800 to 2000 ft. elev., King’s Collector (Kunstler) 2155!

Scortechim 842! Wray 835! Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector 10455!

Nearest to G. parviflorum, Wall., but with a much smaller calyx with diminutive

teeth and a much narrower corolla. G. parviflorum, though stated by Bentham,

Miquel, and Hooker to occur in Penang, has never been met with in our area.

The specimens on which the statement is based were collected by Wallich, who in

1828 issued them as the types (Lith. Cat. n. 2159-1) of his own species G. crinitum,

to which they most undoubtedly belong. A year later Wallich referred these same

specimens (as n. 2158-c) to his own G. parviflorum; this quite erroneous afterthought

has been accepted by the three authors referred to.

2. GOMPHOSTEMMA CRINITUM, Wall. Cat. 2159 (1828). <A coarse

perennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high. Stems stout, erect, sulcate, woody,

724 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hoary-pubescent or scabrid. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, dark-green,

pubescent above, hoary beneath with a close stellate tomentum, or

softly pubescent, elliptic-ovate or oblanceolate, acute; base cuneate,

entire ; margin elsewhere entire or serrate; 8 to 12 in. long, 2°5 to 5 in.

wide; petiole ‘5 to 1-5 in. long, scabrid. Flowers in rather lax, rarely

condensed, many-flowered axillary cymes: bracts lanceolate, ovatie-

lanceolate or linear, ‘5 to °75 in. long. Calyx -7 to -75 in. long; teeth

long, linear-subulate, considerably longer than the tube. Corolla yellow,

1-25 in. long, slightly puberulous externally; the throat narrow. Style

and ovary glabrous. Nutlets smooth, glabrous.

Var. typica. Bracts all lanceolate-acute or linear, almost as long

as the calyx; leaves closely tomentose beneath; petioles 1-5 in. long.

G. crinitum, Wall. Cat. (uti supra); Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. IT. 12,

in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 648, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 552; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 987; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 698 (partly); Prain Ann. Roy. Bot.

Gard. Cale. ITI. 254. G. parviflorwm, Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 648, and in

DC. Prodr. XII. 551; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IL. 987 (not of Wall).

Penance: Wallich 2159/1! Perak: Kampong Kota, Wray! Sungei

Ujong, Ridley 1870!—Disterse. Indo-China.

Var. Griffithii, Prain Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 254. Outer

bracts ovate-lanceolate obtuse, distinctly shorter than the calyx; leaves

softly pubescent beneath; petioles -d in. long.

Maxacca: Mount Ophir and Chabu, Griffith 4042! Perak: Gunong

Tjok, Scortechim 5! Ulu Kwangsa, Scortechins 928!

Sect 2. EucompyostemMa, Prain. Corolla-tube incuryed, glabrous

within, longer than the calyx, the limb campanulate, the lips

large. Nutlets usually 4, smooth or punctulate.

3. GOMPHOSTEMMA ScoRTECHINH, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX.

ii. 315 (1890). A coarse perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high. Stems stout,

erect, sulcate, woody, scabrid. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, dark-

green, sparsely hirsute above, closely tomentose on the nerves, other-

wise sparsely tomentose beneath, elliptic-oblong or obovate, acute;

base rather long-cuneate ; margin entire or serrate; 6 to 12 in. long,

3 to 6d in. wide; petiole usually short, sometimes obsolete, occasionally

as muchas lin. long. Flowers in many-flowered rather dense axillary

whorls; bracts subulate, -2 in. long, as long as the pedicels. Calyz

‘75 in. long, prominently ribbed, hirsute within; teeth lanceolate,

longer than the tube. Corolla yellow, 2°25 in. long, distinctly incurved,

tomentose externally; limb -35 in. wide. Style hirsute towards the

apex, with spreading hairs; ovary densely villous. Nutlets white,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 725

smooth, hispid towards the apex. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III.

260.

Perak: Gunong Tujok, Scortechini!; Lartit, Kunstler 1959 !—

Distrrp. Indo-China.

Very closely related to G. oblongum, Wall., of which it appears to be the repre-

sentative in the Malayan Peninsula. It extends northwards to Tenasserim, and its

area thus to some extent overlaps that of G. oblongwm.

4, GOMPHOSTEMMA OBLONGUM, Wall. Cat. 2154 (1828). A coarse

perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high. Stems stout, erect, woody, somewhat

4-angled, densely tomentose. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, dark-green,

hispidly hairy above, densely pubescent beneath, elliptic-oblong, acute ;

base rather abruptly cuneate or subtruncate ; margin crenate or crenate-

serrate; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. wide; petiole -35 to 1 in. long,

densely tomentose. Flowers in rather dense few-flowered axillary

whorls ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ‘25 in. long. Calyx ‘5 in. long, promi-

nently ribbed, hirsute within; teeth lanceolate, not longer than the

tube. Corolla white, 1°75 in. long, distinctly incurved, tomentose

externally except on the mid-lobe of the lower lip; limb -35 in. wide.

Style glabrous or, when young, sparingly hirsute; ovary villous.

Nutlets white, smooth, hispid at the apex. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As.

Rar. IT. 12, in Lab. Gen. & Sp. 648, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 551 (partly) ;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 986 (partly); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 697 ;

Prain Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 261.

AnpDAMANS: Port Blair, not uncommon.—D1stris. Indo-China.

This species is very closely related to G. Scortechinii, from which it differs mainly

in its rather smaller white flowers and its less hirsute or quite glabrous style. It has

not yet been collected in any of the Malayan provinces, but having regard to the fact

that G. Scortechinii extends northwards to Tenasserim, where G. oblongum is common,

and thus invades the area in which G. oblongwm occurs, it is not impossible that this

species may yet be met with in the northern part of the Malayan Peninsula; it seems

therefore advisable to give it a place in these Materials.

5. GoMPHOSTEMMA CurTIsH, Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LIX. ii.

315 (1890). A coarse perennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high. Stems rather

weak, flexuous, ascending, scabrid. Leaves opposite, the pairs rather

‘remote, herbaceous, dark-green, hirsute above, adpressed-tomentose

beneath, oblong-ovate, acute; base very shortly cuneate; margin

denticulate; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 2°75 in. wide; petiole 1:25 to 4-5 in.

long, adpressed-tomentose. Flowers in many-flowered lax axillary

cymes; bracts narrow-ovate, long-acuminate, entire, reddish, -4 to ‘6 in.

long. Calyx ‘5 in. long, smooth, glabrous within, reddish ; teeth lan-

ceolate-subulate from a short wide base, longer than the tube. Corolla

white, 1 in. long, distinctly incurved, puberulous externally ; limb °3 in.

726 Flora of the Malayan Pemnswla.

wide. Style glabrous; ovary glabrous. Nutlets white, glabrous,

punctulate. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. III. 266.

Prenane: Curtzs 13810! Prax: Lartt, Scortechini 924! Wray 1233!

18. Cymartia, Benth.

Shrubs. Flowers small, in lax, many-flowered, peduncled, raceme-

like cymes, all axillary, or the upper ones forming a terminal thyrsoid

panicle. Calyx erect, 10-nerved, the intermediate nerves weaker than

the other 5, equally 5-toothed; the tube in fruit urceolate; the throat

within naked or with a few setose hairs. Corolla-tube straight, exserted ;

limb 2-lipped ; lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the mid-lobe larger than the

lateral ; upper lip arched, erect. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper

lip, didynamous, the upper pair shorter; anthers connivent, the cells

divaricate. Disk equal, entire. Style-arms unequal, the upper very

short. Nutlets subglobose or obovoid, rugosely pitted; hilum very

large, lateral—Disrris. Species 3, in Indo-China and Malaya.

CyMaARIA DICcHOTOMA, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 2080 (1828). <A shrub,

2 to 3 ft. high. Stems and branches faintly 4-angled, finely pubescent.

Leaves opposite, membranous, dark-green and almost glabrous except

on the pubescent nerves above, paler, glandular, and closely grey-

pubescent beneath, ovate or rhomboid, acute or subacute, rarely acumi-

nate ; base cuneate, decurrent on the petiole, entire; margin elsewhere

distinctly to faintly crenate or sometimes subentire; 1:5 to 4 in. long,

1 to 2:25 in. wide; petiole :25 to -75, rarely 1 in. long, finely pubescent.

Flowers in once, or sometimes twice, dichotomously branching cymes

with terminal flowers and 6 to 12 secundly arranged flowers on each

branch ; the main peduncles ‘d to 1 in. long, finely pubescent; the

flower-bearing branches ‘6 to 1:5 in. long; bracts under branches

spathulate-acute to lanceolate, -1 to :2 in. long; bracteoles subulate,

‘05 in. long, finely pubescent. Calyx in flower campanulate, -08 in.

long, in fruit urceolate, -15 in. long, glandular and pubescent, especially

on the nerves externally, within sparingly beset with white setose hairs

above the constriction ; teeth 5, equal, triangular, as long as the portion

of tube above the constriction ; pedicels slender, finely pubescent, -05 in.

long. Corolla yellow, ‘16 in. long, uniformly finely pubescent exter-

nally ; tube distinctly exserted; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, mid-lobe

wide-oblong ; upper lip erect, oblong; the apex notched. Jvlaments

ascending under upper lip, included. Nutlets obovoid, ‘03 in. long,

wide-reticulate on back, the upper third glandular; the apex beset with

very short white hairs. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 64, in Lab. Gen.

& Sp. 705, and in DC, Prodr. XII. 603; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 992; Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 705; Prain Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXVI. ii. 522.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 127

PeRAK: on limestone hills, Scortechini! Ipoh Quarries, Ridley

9734! Marble Hill, Ipoh, Fox (Ridley 10686) !—Distris. Burma.

The Perak specimens have rather more numerously flowered cymes than those

from Burma, but are in other respects indistinguishable.

Family XCIJ. PLANTAGINACEA.

[By D. PRAIN.]

Annual or perennial scapigerous herbs. Leaves usually radical; |

scapes axillary. Flowers small, greenish, bracteate, often dimorphic,

spicate. Sepals 4, imbricate in bud, persistent. Corolla scarious,

hypogynous; lobes 4, short, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, inserted on

the corolla-tube or hypogynous; filaments filiform, persistent; anthers

large, pendulous, versatile. Ovary superior, 1- to 4-celled; ovules in

each cell 1 to 8. Capsule 1- to 4-celled, membranous: dehiscence

circumscissile. Seeds 1 or more, usually attached by the centre; testa

thin, mucilaginous; albumen fleshy; embryo cylindric, transverse ;

radicle inferior—Dristrip. Species under 100; cosmopolitan.

Puantaao, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs with a dense rosette of radical leaves.

Flowers small, greenish, in dense spikes. Sepals 4, free, imbricate, per-

sisting. Corolla 4-lobed, scarious; lobes short, imbricate. Stamens

4, adnate to corolla-tube; filaments filiform; anthers 2-celled, versatile.

Ovary superior, 2- to 4-celled; ovules one or more in each cell. Fruit

a small membranous capsule; dehiscence circumscissile. Seeds peltate,

albuminous, mucilaginous.—DistRin. Species under 100, mainly in

temperate regions.

PranTaco MAsor, Linn. Sp. Pl. 112 (1753). A perennial herb with

an erect stout rhizome. Leaves alternate, spirally disposed, all radical,

sometimes sparsely pubescent, sometimes nearly glabrous on both

sides, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute; base long-cuneate,

tapering to and decurrent on the petiole; margin often irregularly and

somewhat abruptly toothed; 3- to 7-, usually 5-nerved; 1 to 5 in. long,

very variable in width; petiole often longer than the leaf-blade, broad

and sheathing at the base. lowers crowded or dispersed in slender

rather lax spikes 2 to 6 in. long; bracts -05 to -08 in. long, broadly

ovate-oblong, obtuse, with scarious margins. Calyx -12 in. long,

glabrous: sepals oblong, obtuse or subacute, bluntly keeled externally,

728 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

margins widely scarious. Corolla ‘18 in. long, glabrous ; lobes lanceo-

late-acute, reflexed. Capsules ovoid, :12 to ‘15 in. long, glabrous, de-

hiseing horizontally a little above the base, the upper portion separating

as a conical lid tipped by the remains of the style. Seeds 4 to 8,

angular, rugulose, dull, blackish, length ‘03 in. Dene. in DC. Prodr.

XIP..696;, Mig. Hl md: Bat. Il. 709; Hook. fp Rissiry iad ViiVeaOo.

P. asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 163; Wall. Cat. 6412; Wall. in Roxb. FI.

Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. I. 423.

SInGAPORE: Hullett; Kurz. Penana: Walker. Matacca: Griffith.

—Distrris. Almost cosmopolitan. In our area doubtless an intro-

duced plant.

ERRATA.

P. 642, line 20, for “4. CaARDANTHERA, Voigt.,” read “4. CARDAN-

THERA, Ham. MS.” Line 7 from bottom, for ‘‘CARDANTHERA TRIFLORA,

Voigt,’) read ‘‘ CARDANTHERA TRIFLORA, Ham. MS. in Voigt.”

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Chandra Vidyabhisana, M.A., Ph.D., M-R.AS.

Medical Secretary :—Major L. Rogers, MD., B.Se:, 1.M.S.

Numismatic Secretary :—H. N. Wright, Esq., 1.0.8,

Other Members of Council :

Harinath De, Esq., M.A.

J. A. Cunningham, Hsq., B.A.

H. G. Graves, Esq.

Babu Monmohan Chakravarti, M.A., at,

Abdulla al-Mamun Suhrawardy, Esq., M.A., LL.D.

Lieut.-Colonel F. P. Maynard, M.D., F.R.C.S., D.P.H., I.M. S.

The Hon. Mr. Justice H. Holinwobd. LC.S.

FEB SLAF

JOURNAL

OF THE

are liC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Vou. LXXIV., Part I].—Extra Number, 1908.

Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.By Str GEORGE

Kine, K.C.LE., LL.D., F.R.S., late Superintendent of the Royal

Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and J. Sykes Gamsuez, C.1.E., F.RB.S.,

late of the Indian Forest Department.

No. 21.

Tuts Part contains two Families, No. 86 Gesneracee and No. 90

Verbenacee, and completes the account of the Gamopetale. The

account of the Gesneracee was prepared by Mr. H. N. Ridley, F.R.S.,

Director of the Botanic Garden at Singapore, and was published in the

‘Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1905.’

The material used by him was that of the Herbaria of Singapore and

Penang, together with that belonging to the Royal Botanic Garden of

Calcutta, and chiefly got together by collectors employed by Sir George

King, lent to Mr. Ridley for the purpose. The account in the ‘ Straits

Journal’ not being quite in the form used in the ‘ Materials,’ published

under the auspices of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, has been edited by

Mr. Gamble, with the kind help of Lt.-Col. Prain, of Kew, but he has

been careful to make no more formal alterations than could be helped ;

so that the work is one for which Mr. Ridley alone is responsible. Only

numbers personally verified or quoted by Mr. Ridley have been entered

under the different species. Mr. Ridley, who has sanctioned what has

been done, has himself furnished a few notes and additions, among

them being descriptions of 3 new species, one of them the representative

of a new genus. The number of species of Gesneracee herein described

is 131, belonging to 20 genera, 1 genus and 2 species being new, besides

1 Sumatran species newly described.

LIBRARY

NEW YORI!

BOTANICA!

GARDEN.

730 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

The Verbenacee have been done by Mr. Gamble. It comprises

15 genera and 72 species, of which 16 species are new to science. Two

Malay Islands species are also described. .

In accordance with the Rules adopted at the Vienna Conference,

Latin diagnoses are appended to the new genus and the 3 new species

of Gesneracee, those for Verbenace@ have been published in the Kew

Bulletin.

Family LXXXVI.—GESNERACEAH.

Herbs or shrubs, usually pubescent. Leaves opposite or apparently

alternate, one of each pair being much reduced, simple entire or lobed.

Inflorescence axillary, cymose or racemose or panicled; bracts small or

large. Calyx of 5 sepals, often connate. Corolla tubular or campanu-

late, more or less distinctly bilabiate, 5-lobed ; lobes oblong or rounded.

Stamens 4 or 2, rudimentary or absent, didynamous when four; fila-

ments linear or filiform, or short and thick; anthers linear or oblong,

or scutiform, connivent in pairs, 2-celled; cells splitting on the inner

face. Disk cylindric or annular or absent. Ovary cylindric or oblong ;

style slender, simple; stigma capitate, cordate or bilobed. Prwt a

capsule, linear, cylindric, fusiform or oblong, splitting dorsally. Seeds

very numerous, minute, plumed in epiphytic species, elliptic and not

plumed in terrestrial species ; or a fleshy berry (Cyrtandra).—DisrTR1B.

Species about 600, all tropical with a few in subtropical climates.

Seeds with one or more hairs from near hilum, and a single

hair from apex ; fruit dehiscent, a cylindric capsule :—

Stamens=4 perfect rc ac ae .. 1. ASscHYNANTHUS.

Stamens 2 perfect Be 56 56 .. 2, AGALMYLA.

Seeds without hairs :—

Fruit dehiscent, a capsule, follicle or pyxidium :—

Capsules or follicles cylindric or rarely (Lozxocarpus)

conic : —

Corolla funnel-shaped :—

Stamens 4 5 ts 30 .. 8. Dipissanpra.

Stamens 2 :—

Capsule linear.

Stigma entire, ovate or capitate 4. Dipymocarrus.

Stigma 2-fid .. oe 5. CHIRITA.

Capsule lanceolate or ovate 6. TETRAPHYLLUM.

Corolla shortly campanulate :—

Stamens 2 :-—

Fruit a conic follicle be We .. 7. Loxocarrus.

Fruit a cylindric capsule :—

Capsule straight xs ar .. 8. PAaRaBora.

Capsule twisted :—

Calyx 5-lobed ot ie -. 9. BOEs.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 731

Calyx 3-lobed .. 46 oc .. 10. PHyYLLOPoEA.

Stamens 4 ai oe 50 Hen ORICA,

Capsules or pyxidia ovoid or ellipsoid :—

Stamens 2 :—

Sepals free to the base :—

Stem very short; calyx-lobes linear .. .. 12. OrcHADOCARPA.

Stem elongate ; calyx-lobes ovate Lis .. 13. Lepapanruus.

Sepals connate half-way up in a campanulatecalyx .. 14. Ruyncociossum.

Stamens 4 :—

Fruit with dehiscence circumscissile a .. 15. Eprraema.

Fruit splitting irregularly :—

Herbs :—

Leaf solitary ; flowers minute AP .. 16. MonopHyLuana.

Leaves several alternate; flowers large .. 17. STAURANTHERA.

Shrubs leafy :—

Sepals free to the base ; flowers small .. 18. RuyncHoTEcHum.

Sepals connate in a tubular shortly lobed calyx ; :

flowers large .. ss ., 19. CyRTANDROMOEA.

Fruit indehiscent, baccate ; stamens 9 3 . 20. CyRTANDRA.

1. AiscHYNANTHUS, Jack.

Epiphytes or rock-plants, with slender creeping or erect half-woody

stems. Leaves opposite or whorled, fleshy or coriaceous, entire, ovate

or lanceolate. Flowers large, usually showy, red yellow or green, in

axillary or terminal heads, pedicelled. Bracts ovate or lanceolate,

small. Calyx tubular or campanulate, subentire or more or less lobed,

or sepals free to the base. Corolla tubular, curved, dilated above,

shortly 2-lipped; upper lip of 2 lobes erect; lower of 3 lobes deflexed.

Stamens 4 perfect, didynamous, usually exsert; anthers connivent in

pairs ; loculi oblong, parallel. Ovary superior, with a short cup-shaped

disk at the base; style as long as stamens or shorter ; stigma dilate or

peltate. Capsule long-cylindric; base usually empty and narrower (gyno-

phore), 2-valved loculicidally. Seeds innumerable, minute, oblong,

rugose, with one or more hyaline scabrid hairs from near the hilum,

and one from the apex.—Distris. Species about 64, in India,

Malaya and Hongkong ; chiefly Malayan.

Seeds with a plume of hairs at one end, a single hair at the

other (§ Ponyrricuium) ; sepals free or very nearly so :—

Leaves pink beneath 1. 4. Motleyi.

Leaves green, with transverse as bars henenth .. 2, Ai. marmorata.

Seeds with a single hair at each end (§ HapLorricuium) :—

Sepals free or very nearly so :—

Leaves in whorls of 4 or 5 oc ac oe

Leaves crowded towards the ends of the stems, opposite ;

sepals glabrous

Leaves opposite in pairs :—

3. Af. speciosa.

4. A. stenophylla.

732 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla-tube 2-3 in. long :—

Sepals pubescent 5. A. longiflora.

Sepals glabrous .. oc 6. i. perakensis.

Corolla-tube under 1 in. long .. is .. 4. As. Hildebrandii.

Sepals distinctly connate below :—

Calyx tubular, its mouth distinctly 5-lobed :—

Stems erect or pendent, not rooting at the nodes :—

Calyx 1 in. long, lobes under °5 in. long .. 8. 4. rhododendron.

Calyx 1:25 in. long, lobes ‘5 in. long .. .. 9. A. longicalyx.

Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes :—

Leaves glabrous .. an 90 .. 10. 4. Lobbiana.

Leaves pubescent ae 50 .. ll. #. radicans.

Calyx cupular or campanulate, mouth entire or sub-

entire :—

Calyx green, cupular ae Sa .. 12. A. Wallichii.

Calyx red, widely obconic ie .. 13. 4. obconica.

1. Aiscuynantuus Morteyi, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 20

(1883). Epiphytic woody plant; branches erect or pendulous, about

12 to 18 in. long. Leaves opposite, fleshy ; lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-

late, acute; margins undulate or not; upper surface light green, lower

pink; 3 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to 1-5 in. broad; petiole -25 in. long. Flowers

solitary or few, axillary, pendulous; pedicels ‘25 in. long or less.

Calyx-tube short, :125 in. long; lobes :75 to 1 in. long, glabrous,

blackish-red. Corolla-tube 75 to 1-25 in. long, dilated upwards and at

the base, light green ; lobes rounded, sparingly hairy, the tips of the

petals dark purple-brown. Stamens brown; filaments glabrous. Ovary

oblong, with 5 glandular patches at base; style very short, cylindric ;

stigma capitate. Capsule cylindric, narrowed at the tip, 9 to 13 in.

long. Seed ‘06 in. long, oblong, blunt, pustular; plume -5 in. long.

Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 500, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 43, 12.

Perak: Larut Hills, Kurau and Batang Padang, Wray 245, 1475;

Scortechint; Goping, Kinta, King’s Collector 4463. Panane: Pulau

Manis, Pahang River, Ridley 2151. JoHore: Batu Pahat, Ridley.

SINGAPORE : Chanchu Kang, Ridley 6244.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo,

Celebes, Ceram.

2. AUSCHYNANTHUS MARMORATA, T. Moore in Paxt. Fl. Gard. III. 56

(1852-53). An epiphyte, with erect woody stems about 12 in. high.

Leaves fleshy, lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the base; light green on

the upper surface with lighter variegations, dull green with transverse

purple bars on the lower; petiole ‘25 in. long. lowers solitary or few

together, axillary; pedicels slender, -25 in. long. Calyx-tube very

short (hardly any); lobes linear, pubescent, ‘35 to ‘4 in. long. Corolla-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 733

tube a little over 1 in. long, dilated upwards, curved; lobes rounded,

pubescent, green with brown barsin the mouth. Stamens 1°5 in. long ;

filaments hairy. Style hairy; stigma bilobed. Capsule 6 in. long,

rather thick. Seed oblong, pustular; plume “5 in. long. N. E. Brown

in Gard. Chron. XVIII. 787 (1882); Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i.

38 : Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 500, and in Journ. Str. Br. R.

As. Soc. No. 43, 13. 4. zebrina, Van Houtte Cat. (1851).

Kepaw: at Gunong Raya, Langkawi Islands, Curtis 2142. Prenanc:

Government Hill, Curtis 1700; Ridley—Distrie. Burma (Mergui),

Siam.

3. AHscHYNANTHUS sPEcIOSA, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4320 (1847). A

shrubby plant, with erect rather stout stems about 1 ft. high. Leaves

fleshy, in whorls of 4 to 5, lanceolate, acute ; margins smooth or undu-

late ; 3 to 6 in. long, -75 to 1°75 in. broad; petiole -125 to -25 in. long.

Flowers large, showy, subterminal, clustered 10 or more together ;

bracts linear-lanceolate, hairy, ‘25 in. long; pedicels slender, -5 in. long.

Calyz-lobes linear, free to the base, pubescent, ‘Sin. long. Corolla-tube

3 in. long, narrow-cylindric at base, enlarged and curved above; lobes

rounded, all pubescent. Stamens-5 in. long, longer than the corolla-tube ;

filaments slender, slightly pubescent. Style stout, pubescent. Paxt.

Mag. XIV. 199; Fl. des Serres Ser. I. t. 267; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

718; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V.i. 33; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc.

XXXII. 499, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 14.

PERAK: Bruseh, near Bidor, W. G. Napier. Sevancor: Bukit

Hitam, Kelsall; Tomoh, Machado.—Distriw. Java, Sumatra (Forbes

2526), Borneo. :

4. AUSCHYNANTHUS STENOPHYLLA, Ridley, n.sp. Stem slender, 1 to

2 ft. long ; internodes ‘5 in. long. Leaves fleshy, glabrous, crowded

towards the top of the stems; linear lanceolate, subacute, slighly nar-

rowed at base; 2 in. long, ‘25 in. broad. Flowers solitary in the axils

of the leaves; pedicels very short, angular, glabrous, -25 in. long.

Calyz-lobes linear, acute, glabrous, -125 in. long. Corolla (only one

bud seen) small, pubescent. Capsule papery, linear, cylindric, 1 ft.

long. Disk annular. Seeds with a single long white hair -75 in. long.

PrERAK: at Goping Kinta, at 500 to 800 ft. elevation, found growing

on the hollow branch of a large tree, King’s Collector 4738.—DisrTR1p.

Sumatra ? (Forbes 2535).

(ZEscHYNANTHUS STENOPHYLLA, Ridley, n. sp. Caulis gracilis, 30 ad 60 cm. longus,

1 ad 1:5 em. intra nodos. Folia carnosa, glabra, versus apicem caulis congesta;

lineari-lanceolata, subacuta, ad basin attenuata; 5cm. longa, 6 mm. lata. Flores in

axillis foliorum solitarii; pedicelli brevissimi, angulares, glabri, 6 mm. longi. Calycis

lobi lineares, acuti, glabri, 3mm. longi. Corolla parva, pubescens. Capsula chartacea,

734 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

linearis, cylindrica, 30cm. longa; discus annularis. Semina pilo unico albo

2cm. longo munita.

PrninsuLA Manayana in Proy. Perak, cirea 1500 ad 2500 m. alt. ]

5. ASCHYNANTHUS LONGIFLORA, DC. Prodr. TX. 262 (1845). An

erect woody plant, with stem over 1 ft. high. Leaves opposite, in

distant pairs, fleshy ; ovate, acuminate, shortly narrowed at base; 5 in.

long by 2 in. wide; petiole ‘5 in. long. . Flowers several, terminal, in a

cluster ; pedicels hairy, ‘5 in. long. Calyx-lobes narrowly linear, °5 in.

long, puberulous, free nearly to the base. Corolla-tube scarlet, 3 in.

long, cylindric at base, dilated above, hairy; lobes short, rounded.

Stamens -75 in. longer than corolla-tube ; filaments slender, pubescent.

Style rather stout. Capsule cylindric, narrow, over 6 in. long. Hassk.

Cat. Hort. Bogor. ed. 2, 154 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4328; De Vriese PI.

Ind. Bat. Reinw. 9; FI. des Serres Ser. 1, t. 288; Paxt. Mag. XV. 25;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 717; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 32; Ridley

in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 499, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 14. Lystonotus longiflora, Bl. Bijdr. 766.

‘PaHane: on trees along the Tahan River, Ridley 2167.—DistRip.

Java.

6. ASCHYNANTHUS PERAKENSIS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

449 (1895). A shrubby epiphyte, with stems about 2 ft. long. Leaves

coriaceous ; lanceolate, acuminate; 3 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide;

nerves inconspicuous. lowers ina terminal fascicle, on pedicels nearly

‘Od in. long; bracts subulate, -125 in. long. Calyz-lobes linear, 25 in.

long, glabrous, free to the base. Corolla-tube deep red, 2 to 2°5 in. long,

narrow at the base, dilated and curved upwards, nearly glabrous ; lobes

rounded. Stamens -75 in. longer than corolla-tube ; filaments glabrous

or sparingly pubescent. Capsule more than 1 ft. long. Seed

narrowly oblong, pustular, with a single hair at each end. Ridley in

Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 15.

Perak: in Lartt Hills at 5500 ft., Radley; Curtis 11447; King’s

Collector 2337, 7022; at Sungei Ryah, King’s Collector 3641; at Thai-

ping, King’s Collector 8314.

7. AiscHYNANTHUS HILDEBRANDII, Hemsl. in Bot. Mag. t. 7365 (1894).

A shrubby epiphyte ; branches about 6 in. long, often rooting. Leaves

fleshy, in distant pairs, glabrous, sessile; ovate, acute, base rounded ;

margins ciliate and with distant glands ‘d in. long and broad. Flowers

few, terminal at the ends of the branches; pedicels 25 in. long. Calyx-

lobes free to the base, linear, acuminate, pubescent, ‘15 to °2 in. long.

Corolla-tube thick, curved, little dilated, 75 in. long, glabrous, orange in

colour; lobes short, red, rounded, pubescent. Stamens shortly exsert,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 735

hairy. Capsule 6 in. long; base narrowed, sterile. Ridley in Journ.

Linn. Soc. XXXII. 502, and Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43) 1D,

Pprak: Lartit Hills, at 4500 ft., Ridley ; at Gunong Ijuk, Scortechini

1187. Panana: Kluang Terbang and Gunong Benom, Barnes.—

Distris. Burma.

8. AlscHyNANTHUS RHODODENDRON, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.

XXXIT. 500 (1895). An erect epiphytic shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high; stems

stout, woody. Leaves opposite, in distant pairs, fleshy-coriaceous ;

ovate, acuminate ; 2 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; nerves inconspicuous; keel

prominent. lowers several together, axillary and terminal ; pedicels

about ‘5 in. long. Calyx tubular, deep purple, 1 in. long; lobes short,’

acute, glabrous. Corolla 3 in. long ; tube thick, dilated above, glabrous ;

lobes oblong, rounded, ‘5 in. long, pubescent, deep red with 3 black

streaks on the lower lobes. Stamens very shortly exsert, little longer

than the corolla, pubescent. Capsule cylindric, rather stout, 4 in. long ;

base narrowed into a gynophore. Seeds with a single hair at each end,

brown, scabrid. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 15.

Perak: Lartt Hillsat 2500 to 6000 ft. elevation, Rzdley ; Curtis 1311 ;

Scortechint 58, 388; Plus River, Scortechini 468; King’s Collector 2332.

9. AiscHYNANTHUS LONGICALYX, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 16 (1905). Stems woody, over 1 ft. long. Leaves thick, fleshy,

glabrous ; ovate, acuminate ; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib

prominent; nerves obscure. Flowers large, terminal; pedicels ‘5 in. long,

Calyx elongate, tubular, glabrous, red, 1:25 in. long, with 5 long thin

lanceolate acute lobes ‘5 in. long. Corolla red with dark blotches in

the mouth, 3 in. long, glabrous without; mouth pubescent; lobes

rounded. Stamens nearly as long as corolla, pubescent. Style stout,

pubescent ; stigma capitate.

Perak: Scortechim 36; at Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 1636.

SELANGOR: Semangko Pass, A. M. Burn-Murdoch.

10. AiscHynantHUS Loppiana, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4260 (1846). A

climbing epiphyte, with slender stems rooting along tree-trunks.

Leaves in pairs, coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; 1:5

to 2 in. long, :25 to °75 in. broad; petioles short. Flowers in axillary

and terminal fascicles 3 to 5 together; pedicels slender, 75 in. long or

less. Calyx tubular, 1 in. long, dark purple, thickly pubescent ; lobes

very short. Corolla-tube 2 in. long, thick, curved; lobes deep red,

thickly pubescent, broad, rounded. Stamens barely exserted. Capsule

13 in. long, cylindric ona gynophore. Seed very small, oblong, pustular,

with a hyaline mass at the hilum, and a single long white hair at each

end. Fl. des Serres Ser. 1, t. 246; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I]. 721; Clarke in

736 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. "3

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 343, and in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 44; Ridley

in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 16.

Kepau : at Gunong Jerai, Rzdley 5513 ; at Gunong Raya, Langkawi,

Curtis 2503. PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtvs. Perak: in Larut

Hills to 5000 ft. alt., Curtis; Wray 873; Scortechint 36, 39, 330, 352.

Panane: at Pekan, Ardley; at Kuautan, Durnford. SELANGOR: on

Pahang track, Ridley. Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1218, 1219; Mount

Ophir and Ayer Panas, Ridley 1572. JoHorE: at Batu Pahat, Ridley ;

at Gunong Pulai, G. King; at Jambu Larang, Melding. SINGAPORE :

at Sungei Tengeh, Audley 2710, at Kranji, Ridley 2706.—DistTRIB.

Java, Sumatra, Borneo.

King’s Collector No. 2636, from Larat, Perak, is a specimen with very fleshy

leaves, but cannot yet be separated from 4”. Lobbiana, as there are in the series

intermediates between it and the thin-leaved forms. It seems to occur only at high

elevations.

11. AiscHYNANTHUS RADICANS, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 43

(1823). An epiphytic plant growing on trees or rocks, the hairy stems

creeping and rooting at the nodes, several feet long. Leaves hairy,

shortly petioled; ovate, obtuse, broad at base; ‘5 to 1:25 in. long, -d to

‘WO in. wide. Flowers axillary, 1 to 2 together; pedicels -d in. long.

Calyx tubular, hairy, deep red; lobes obtuse or subacute, °75 in. long.

Corolla red, thick, curved, hairy; lobes subacute, glabrescent within.

Stamens hardly exsert; filaments glabrous. Capsule cylindric, pubes-

cent, acuminate, slender, 10 in. long. Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. 62;

Spreng. Syst. II. 838; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 115, and in Ann.

Sc. Nat. 2, Vol. XIII. 160; DC. Prodr. IX. 202; De Vriese Pl. Ind.

Bat. Reinw. 10; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Il. 720; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

IV. 343, and in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 41; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.

XXXIT. 501, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,17. Tricho-

sporum radicans, Nees in Flora (1825), 144 ; Blume Bijdr. 764.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Ridley; Sungei Rayah, Scortechina 37.

TrincGanu: Bundi, Hostado. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.); Cuming

2387; Sungei Rambai, Derry 205; Sungei Ujong, Cantley.—DIstTRIB.

Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

Var. lanuginosa, Ridley. Calyx green, densely white woolly, as is

the outside of the corolla-tube.

PERAK: Scortechim 330.

12. AlscHynantHus Wauwicuu, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. 116

(1840). Stems rather slender, woody, glabrous. Leaves glabrous ;

lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, narrowed at the base into the petiole ;

3 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. wide; petiole ‘25 in. long. Flowers few together,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 737

subterminal ; pedicel -25 in. long, slender. Calyx small, cupshaped,

green, ‘25 in. long, hairy, almost entire. Corolla dark red, :75 in. long ;

tube stout; lobes rather large, rounded, hairy. Stamens included ;

filaments glabrous. Capsule 8 in. long, narrow, terete. Ann. Sc. Nat.

Peet 160 Clarke in Hook, i HIE Br. Ind. TV. 343, and in DC,

Monog. Phan. V. i. 48; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 502, and

in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,18. 4. radicans, Wall. Cat. 7984

(non Jack).

PERAK: Bujong Malacca, Curtis; Tapa, Wray 1417. Matacca:

Mount Ophir, Lobb, Maingay (K.D.) 1219. JoHorE: Tanjong Kopang,

Fiidley; Ulu Batu Pahat, Kelsall. Stnearore: Wallich 7984; Bukit

Mandal, Chanchu Kang, Kranji, Aedley.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo.

13. AdscHyNANTHUS oBCoNICcA, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i.

50 (1883). Stems about a foot long or more, woody, glabrous. Leaves

in pairs, coriaceous, glabrous; elliptic oblong or ovate, acuminate,

narrowed at base into the petiole ; 1-5 to 3 in. long, °75 to 1:25 in. broad ;

petiole -25 in. long. Flowers subterminal, a few in a cluster; pedicels

‘25 in. long, hairy. Calyx deep red, obconic, wide, hairy, :25 in. long;

mouth entire. Corolla ‘5 in. long; tube thick and short ; lobes rounded,

hairy, deep red with yellowish-white central bars. Stamens very shortly

exsert; filaments nearly glabrous. Capsule 8 in. long, cylindric.

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 343; Bot. Mag. t. 7336; Ridley in

Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 501, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No.

43, 18.

Perak: Batu Kuran and Bujong Malacca, Curtis 2990, 3335; Lartt

Hills, Ridley 2905; Blanja and Relan Tujor, Wray 149, 1772; Scortechina

28, 1861; Lartt Peak at 2000 to 3000 ft., Keng’s Collector 2012, 2849,

10179. Dinpinas: Pangkore, Curtis 1338. Smuancor: Klang, Beccari.—

Distris. Borneo (Motley 687 fide Hook. f.).

The following Sumatran species is herein described.

AiscHyNANTHUS Forsersit, Ridley, nov. sp. An epiphytic shrub; stems creeping;

branches slender, about a foot long. Leaves opposite, fleshy ; ovate-lanceolate, acute ;

2 to 2°5in. long, -5 in. broad; midrib elevated, other nerves inconspicuous; petiole

‘2in.long. Flowers subsolitary, axillary ; pedicels -2 in. long. Calyx-lobes free to the

base, extremely short, linear or acuminate, tips setiform, -2 in. long. Corolla-tube

nearly -75 in. long, slightly curved and dilated upwards, pubescent, scarlet. Style hairy.

Sumatra: Mount Dempo, 5700 ft., Forbes 2268. Rather remarkable for its very

small calyx lobes.

[@iscnynantuus Forsesit, Ridley, nov. sp. Frutex epiphyticus; caules reptantes,

ramis 30 cm. longis gracilibus. Yolia opposita, carnosa, ovato-lanceolata, acuta ; 5-6

em. longa, 10-15 mm. lata; preter costam elevatam nervis inconspicuis ; petioli5 mm.

longi. Flores subsolitarii axillares ; pedicelli 5 mm. longi. Calycis lobi ad basin liberi,

brevissimi, lineares vel acuminati, 5mm. longi, apicibus setiformibus. Corolié tubus

738 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ad 2em. longus, paullo curvatus et sursum dilatatus, pubescens, coccineus. Stylus

pubescens.

Sumarra : ad Montem Dempo 1700-1800 m. alt. calycis lobis minimis distincta.]

2. AGgatmynA, Blume.

Climbing epiphytic shrubs, with loose bark. Leaves alternate, long

petioled, herbaceous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Flowers showy,

scarlet, in compact axillary cymes. Calyx deeply 5-cleft; lobes narrow,

acute. Corolla tubular, ventricose above, 2-lipped; lobes 5, ovate,

obtuse. Stamens 2 perfect, long exsert; filaments slender; anthers

connivent, imperfect ; staminodes 2 to 3. Disk annular, thick. Ovary

superior, linear, glabrous; style as long as or longer than the stamens ;

stigma 2-lipped. Capsule linear, long, 2-valved loculicidally. Seeds

small, oblong, with a single hair at each end.—Distrip. Species 3,

in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

1. AGALMYLA STAMINEA, Blume Bijdr. 767 (1826). Stems very long,

twining, hairy, at length glabrous. Leaves light green; elliptic-oblong,

acuminate at both ends; lower surface strigose; 8 to 12 in. long, 3 to

4 in. broad; main nerves 8 to 10 pair; petiole 6 to 8 in. long, hairy.

Cymes subsessile; bracts lanceolate; pedicels strigose. Calyx ‘5 in.

long ; lobes lanceolate, acute, pubescent, free nearly to base. Corolla

1 in. long, curved, dilated, scarlet, pubescent; lobes short, rounded.

Stamens exsert for 1 in., glabrous; anthers oblong. Style stout, often

very short, glabrous. Capsule 14 in. long, slender. R. Br. in Benn. PI.

Jav. Rar. 116, and in Ann. Se. Nat. 2, XIII. 161; DC. Prodr. IX. 263;

Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 733; De Vriese Pl. Ind. Bat. Reinw. 10; Hook. Bot.

Mag. t. 5747; Fl. des Serres Ser. 1, t. 858; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 722;

Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 56; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.

XXXIP. 502; and in Journ: (Ste (Bra) Rays. socme Noma:

Justicia parasitica, Lam. Ill. I. 42 (non Vahl). Cyrtandra staminea,

Vahl Enum. I. 105.

Perak: Lartt Hills, Curtis 2042, and Ridley 2916; Maxwell’s Hill,

3000 ft., Fox and Scortechim 295; Wray 2800; at 1000 to 3500 ft.

King’s Collector 2053, 2349, 2396, 6970.—DistRiz. Java, Sumatra

(Forbes 1864, 1948). ‘

3. DrpissaAnpRA, Clarke.

Shrublets or herbs, with short or tall stems, hairy. Leaves opposite,

in remote pairs or crowded at the tip. Flowers solitary on subterminal

peduncles or several on short axillary peduncles; bracts small, usually

arrow. Cnalyx-lobes 5, free to the base or nearly so, lanceolate or ovate.

Corolla blue, white, pink or yellow, narrowly tubular, dilated upwards,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 739

occasionally broadly tubular, infundibuliform ; limb bilobed, usually un-

equally; lobes rounded. Stamens 4 perfect, in two pairs; filaments

long, slender ; anthers ovate or elliptic adhering by their faces; cells

parallel, connective sometimes prolonged into a horn. Disk annular,

small. Ovary cylindric, sessile; style as long or longer; stigma broad,

ovate. Capsule cylindric, linear elongate, rarely short and_ thick,

sessile, splitting along the upper edge, not twisted.—Distrin. Species

about 20, in India, in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

Stems tall; nodes distant; flowers several together in axillary

clusters ; leaves hairy above :—

Leai-margins entire if is Ae oe Lee jononvea-

Leaf-margins minutely crenulate 36 . 2. D. fritescens:

Stems short; leaves crowded at apex; flowers 1, rarely 2 or

more, on subterminal peduncles :— : ra

Leaves hairy above, their margins serrate or dentate :—

Capsule slender, cylindric :— 36

Sepals lanceolate acuminate, °25 in. long :—

Leaves simply serrate 3. D. hirta.

Leaves doubly serrate 4. D. serratifolia.

Sepals oblong-ovate, °125 in. long 5. D. atrocyanea.

Capsule short, thick, fusiform .. 6. D. latisepala.

Leaves glabrous above :— : : ts

Leaf-margins entire, sinuate or obueurels cionnlsto: -

Flowers orange = st sh .. 7. D. flammea.

Flowers violet-purple :— :

Corolla-tube slender, infanditynlviorns . 8. D. violacea.

Corolla-tube wide, cylindric 10 .. 9. D. atropurpurea.

Leaf-margins serrate, or dentate, or lobed :-—

Sepals glabrous :—

Leaves simply dentate; corolla white with violet

markings, pubescent >: .. 10. D. Wrayi.

Leaves runcinate; corolla lemon- yellow: glabrous 11. D. quercifolia.

Sepals more or less pubescent :—

Leaves coarsely serrate; sepals linear lanceolate .. 12. D. glabrescens.

Leaves deeply lobed; sepals elliptic a ec UB} 1D sda

1. DipissaNnpDRA JoHoRIcA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No.

43, 22 (1905). Shrubby, 2 to 3 ft. high; stems pustular below, hairy

above. Leaves alternate below, opposite above; lanceolate, acuminate,

long-cuneate at base; margins entire; upper surface sprinkled with

short conic hairs, lower shortly scabrid-hairy; 6 in. long, 1:25 in.

broad; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, ascending. Cymes axillary; peduncles

slender, hairy, 1 in. long; bracts short, linear lanceolate ; flowers 3 to 4

to each peduncle. Calyx-lobes small, linear lanceolate, acute, hairy.

740 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Corolla pink. Capsule slender, cylindric, hispid, 1:5 in. long. D. sp.,

Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 502.

JOHORE: at Gunong Panti, Ridley 4175.

2. DIDISSANDRA FRUTESCENS, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 67,

t. VII (1883). A shrub with woody stems, 3 to 4 ft. high; stems

appressed hairy. Leaves opposite, in alternate pairs, distant ; elliptic-

lanceolate to oblanceolate, subacute at apex, cuneately narrowed at base ;

margins minutely crenulate; upper surface sprinkled with fine hairs,

lower with appressed tawny silky hairs, especially on the nerves and

reticulations ; 7 to 9 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad; main nerves about 12 to

20 pair; petiole 1-5 to 3 in. long, hairy. Cymes axillary, sessile, with

short hairy branches 1 in. long ; flowers 1 to 3 to each branch. Calyx-

lobes red, hairy, narrow, lanceolate. Corolla white, 1:5 in. long; tube

funnel-shaped, pubescent; lobes rounded. Anthers ovoid; filaments

curved in the middle. Ovary glabrous ; style pilose; stigma sub-bilobed.

Capsule slender, cylindric, 3 in. long, glabrous, longitudinally ribbed.

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 355; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.

KXXIDT °502; and im- Journ. Str. Bro We AgwiSoch Nout a neele

Didymocarpus frutescens, Jack in Malay Mise. 1, part 2,5, in Trans.

Linn. Soc. XIV. 39, and in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. 58 (1844) ; Wall.

Cat. 780; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 119, and in Ann. Se. Nat. 2,

XIII. 165 ; DC. Prodr. TX. 265 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 726. Henckelra

frutescens, Spreng. Syst., cwr@ post. 13. .

Prenane: Wallich780; Curtis 828; Deschamps. PERAK: at Tapa, Wray

826, at Waterfall Hill, Wray 1723 ; Ridley 2912; Scortechint ; near Kinta

River, King’s Collector 837. Dinpines: at Lumut, Ridley 7171. Ma-

LACccA : Griffith (K.D.) 3856 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1222.—Distris. Sumatyra.

3. DIDISSANDRA HIRTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

28 (1905). Stem woody, 3 in. long. Leaves oblanceolate, oblique,

acuminate at apex, narrowed to the base; margins serrate; upper sur-

face sprinkled with pale multicellular hairs, especially long on the

marginal teeth; lower glabrous except on the midrib and nerves, which

are covered with rather long multicellular hairs. Scape 3 to 4 in. long,

hairy with catenulate multicellular hairs. Calyx-lobes :25 in. long,

lanceolate, acuminate, very hairy. Corolla violet with a darker centvre ;

tube 1 in. long, broad-cylindric, sprinkled with multicellular hairs ; lobes

large, rounded, ‘din. long,glabrous. Stamens 2 pairs, unequal. Stigma

capitate.

PERAK : at Bujong Malacca, Fidley.

4. DipIssANDRA SERRATIFOLIA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 25 (1905.) Stem woody, 4 to 5 in. high, covered in the upper

part with red hairs. Leaves opposite, oblanceolate, acuminate at apex,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 741

long-cuneate at base ; margins doubly serrate ; upper surface sprinkled

with pale multicellular hairs, lower glabrous except for the red multi-

cellular hairs on the nerves and midrib; 6 to 10 in. long, 1°75 to 2°25

in. broad; main nerves 16 to 20 pairs; petiole 1 in. long or less, hairy.

Flowers solitary on a slender hairy 4 in. long peduncle. Calyz-lobes

lanceolate, acuminate, ‘25 in. long, recurved, at length covered densely

with red multicellular hairs. Corolla blue, 1-5 in. long; tube narrowed

at the base, dilated upwards, broad, sparingly hairy ; lobes rounded,

the lower ones longer than the upper. Stamens in 2 subequal pairs,

half as long as the corolla-tube; filaments attached close to the base,

sinuate. Style stout; stigma capitate. Capsule 1:5 in. long, subcylin-

driec, thick, :125 in. broad, glabrous.

Perak: at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9779.

5. DIDISSANDRA ATROCYANEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.

No. 43, 26 (1905). Stem woody, about 6 in. high. Leaves crowded at

the top of the stem, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, inzequilateral at the

base; margins strongly serrate ; black when dry; upper surface sprinkled

with conical processes formed by the pushing in of the leaf from the

under surface, each process bearing a short pale hair; lower surface

punctate and marked with the mouths of the intrusions, glabrous

except for the nerves and reticulations, which are covered with rufous

hairs; 4 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; petiole winged to the base,

covered with multicellular hairs. Flowers solitary on 3 in. long

peduncles covered with red hairs. Calyx-lobes oblong ovate, glabres-

cent or with red hairs, :125 in. long. Corolla deep purple with almost

black mouth, nearly 2 in. long ; tube shortly narrowed at base, broadly

cylindric above, pubescent; lobes short, rounded, the lower lip the

longer. Stamens 4; filaments slender. Capsule glabrous, cylindric,

curved, 1 to 2 in. long.

PeErRAK: at Bujong Malacca, Ridley, Curtis 3298; Scortechinr 368,

1896 ; at Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 310.

6. DIDISSANDRA LATISEPALA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

503 (1895). Stem short, woody. Leaves crowded at the top of the

stem, oblong-oblanceolate, unequal at base; margins crenate-dentate ;

surfaces sparingly hispid, red; midrib and nerves beneath covered with

red hairs ; 7 in. long, 2in. broad; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers few on a

6 in. long hispid peduncle. Calyx-lobes ovate, :125 in. long, glabrous.

Corolla purple (?), 1 in. long, glabrous ; tube cylindric, dilated upwards ;

lobes short, rounded. Stamens 4; filaments linear ; anthers subglobose.

Ovary glabrous ; stigma clubbed. Capsule short, ‘5 in. long, thick, fusi-

form. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 26.

Leeex: Machado.

742 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

7. DIDISSANDRA FLAMMEA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc.. XXXII. 503

(1895). Stem about 2 in. long, hardly woody, pubescent.. Leaves

oblong, obtuse, glabrous; upper surface shining; margins and nerves

beneath hairy; 4 in. long, 1:25 in. wide; petiole short, pubescent.

Flowers few, pendulous on an erect stout, purple, pubescent peduncle 3

in. long. Calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, green with purple

hairs, ‘din. long. Corolla orange red with darker red lobes; tube nar-

row at base, abruptly dilated, cylindric, hairy outside; lobes short,

rounded, the lower ones a little longer. Stamens in 2 pairs ; filaments

slender, terete, hispid above, white; anthers globose. Ovary white,

pubescent, straight; stigma clavate. Disk annular. Capsule short,

cylindric, purple, 15 in. long. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 22.

LrGeH: gold mines north of Tringganu, Machado.

8. DipIssANDRA VIOLACEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 438, 23 (1905), Stem woody, about 6 in. high. Leaves tufted at

the top of the stem, thin, oblanceolate, subfalcate, narrowed at the base

into the petiole, acuminate at apex; margins sinuate; upper surface

glabrous ; midrib and petiole covered with red multicellular hairs; 4 to

7 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad. Flower-peduncles numerous, erect, 2 to

3 in. long, sparingly red-hairy, 1-flowered; bracts linear-lanceolate,

narrow, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, closely appressed to the calyx. Calyx-lobes

linear-lanceolate, glabrous, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Corolla violet, 1 to 1-5 in.

long; tube rather narrow, gradually dilated upwards, sparingly pubes-

cent; lobes unequal, the lower lip the longer. Stamens in 2 pairs,

the longer pair scarcely one-fourth longer than the shorter. Ovary

glabrous, rather short; stigma broad. Capsule 1:5 in. long, moderately

thick, splitting along the upper edge.

Perak: summit of Gunong Batu Patih, at 6700 ft, Wray 383;

Scortechint 389.

This species comes near to D. Wrayi, but has smaller flowers.

9. DrpDISSANDRA ATROPURPUREA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

504 (1895). Stem woody, 2 in. long. Leaves lanceolate or obovate,

narrowed. at the base, the bases unequal; margin obscurely crenate ;

upper surface glabrous, lower hairy on the raised nerves; 4 in. long,

1:5 in. broad; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long. Flowers nearly sessile, in pairs

on erect, glabrous, purple peduncles 3 to 5 in. long; bracts 2, ovate,

‘25 to ‘5 in. long, :125 in. wide, purple. Calyxz-lobes nearly free to the

base, lanceolate, acute, °25 to °35 in. long, glabrous. Corolla deep

purple, 2 in. long, ‘5 in. broad, narrowed at the base, widely dilated

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 743

above; lobes short, rounded, the lower ones the longer. Stamens in

2 pairs; filaments straight; anthers oblong, appressed. Style thick,

glabrous; stigma clavate. Capsule thick, 2 in. long, narrowed at the

tip. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 23.

Perak: on rocks at Hermitage Hill, Ridley; at Gunong Inas,

Scortechini 1327.

Wray 3903, from Gunong Bubu, 5000 ft., ‘‘ flowers mauve, five white stripes in

tube,’’ may be this or a new species near it, but the flowers are solitary on the

peduncles.

10. DipissanprA Wray, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

24 (1905). Stem woody, bare below. Leaves alternate, lanceolate,

oblique, acuminate at apex, narrowed at the base into the petiole;

dentate on the margin; glabrous on the upper, whitish on the lower

surface; 4 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; main nerves 16 pairs,

raised on both surfaces ; midrib and nerves beneath covered with coarse

reddish trichomes; petiole ‘5 in. long, covered with rough multi-

cellular trichomes. Flowers solitary, on 3 to 4 in. long slender peduncles

from the upper axils, their bases covered with red multicellular hairs ;

bracts 2, ovate, broad, glabrous, appressed to the calyx, -25 in. long.

Calyz-lobes broadly lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, ‘5 in. long, white.

Corolla white pencilled with violet, 1:25 to 1-5 in. long; tube thick, over

‘25 in. through; lobes broad, rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers

-rounded. Style short. Capsule slender, 1:5 to 2 in. long, glabrous.

PERAK: summit of Gunong Batu Putih, 6700 ft., Wray 334, 353;

King’s Collector 8036.

11. DipissANDRA QUERCIFOLIA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XX XITI.

504 (1895). Stem woody, hairy, 6 in. long or less. Leaves crowded

above, lanceolate-runcinate ; base narrowed ; upper surface deep green,

glabrous; lower glaucous with the midrib and nerves covered with

brown hairs; 2 to 8 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad ; petiole 1 in. long or less,

hairy. Flowers large, 1 to 2 on 6 in. long sparsely hairy peduncles ;

bracts lanceolate, broad, hispid. Calyz-lobes broadly lanceolate, obtuse,

green, glabrous. Corolla lemon-yellow, glabrous, 2 in. long; tube

dilated, cylindric from a narrow base; lobes short, rounded. Ovary

cylindric; stigma clavate. Capsule 3 in. long, glabrous, cylindric.

Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 26.

Perak: Bukit Rengas, Fox 10683; Maxwell’s Hill, 3000 ft.,

Scortechint 292, 300; Curtis 2041; Ridley 2910.

King’s Collector 2171, from Larut Hills, 3000 to 3500 ft., seems to be this, but

is much larger, the stem whitish corky, nearly 12 in. long, the peduncles up to

4-flowered.

744 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

12. DipDISSANDRA GLABRESCENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 43, 24 (1905). Stem woody. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or

oblanceolate; margins coarsely serrate; upper surface glabrous, lower

dotted, glabrous except on the red hairy midrib and nerves ; 4 to 7 in.

long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad; petiole 1 in. long, hairy. Flowers solitary on

4 to 5 in. long hairy peduncles; bracts 1 to 2, lanceolate, oblong,

125 to :25 in. long. Calyx-iobes linear-lanceolate, obtuse, hairy, :25 to

‘S in. long. Corolla mauve (Wray), deep blue (King’s Collector),

1:5 in. long; tube gradually dilated upwards; lobes rounded, pubes-

cent. Anthers subglobose. Stigma capitate, broad. Capsule 1:5 to

2:5 in. long, cylindric, slender.

PerRAK: summit of Gunong Batu Putih, 6700 ft., Wray 384; do.,

2000 to 3000 ft., Kyng’s Collector 8055; Kinta at 3000 to 3500 ft.,

King’s Collector 7191.

13. Dipissanpra FiuicinA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.

No. 43, 27 (1905). Stem woody, pale, rather slender. Leaves lanceo-

late, deeply lobed with oblong rounded lobes about 13 on each side;

glabrous above, paler beneath, with red appressed hairs on the midrib ;

3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°65 in. broad; petiole -5 in. long with red appressed

hairs. Flower 1 on a slender, red, hairy peduncle 1:5 in. long; bracts

very small, ovate, about -1 in. long; pedicel -25 in. long. Calyx-lobes

elliptic, rounded, dark red, sparingly hairy, -1 to -2in. long. Corolla

1-5 in. long; tube with narrow base, dilated upwards, trumpet-shaped,

sparingly pubescent at the base, purple, paler below outside, inside

dark purple, with 6 white lines down the base; lower lip longer than

the upper; lobes rounded. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, the connective pro-

longed in a triangular horizontal horn. Disk annular. Capsule sub-

follicular, 1-5 in. long, glabrous.

PERAK: at Gunong Chabang, on rocks overhanging a creek,

Scortechim 14.

4. Dipymocarpus, Wall.

Herbs or usually small shrubs; stems simple or branched, erect or

prostrate. Leaves herbaceous, opposite or the alternate ones reduced,

seldom wanting, ovate or lanceolate, usually pubescent or hairy,

petioled. Peduncles axillary, bearing one or more flowers in a cyme.

Calyx-lobes 5, short, free to the base or nearly so. Corolla infundi-

buliform, bilabiate; lobes equal or the lower ones longer than the |

upper. Stamens 2 complete ; filaments filiform, rising from about half-

way down the tube; anthers reniform, connivent by the edges: stamin-

odes 2, short, hooked. Ovary cylindric, passing into the style; stigma

capitate or ovate, entire. Disk annular or absent. Capsule cylindric,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

narrow, usually splitting along the upper edge.

Species about one hundred,

minute, ellipsoid, not plumed.—Distrip.

in India and Malaya.

Sect. I. Enata :—

Stem tall, branched, shrubby; leaves in distant pairs,

unequal ; bract 1, cupshaped le

Stem long and weak ; bracts 2, ovate 5c 2.

Stem weak :—

Bracts ovate, amplexicaul ; flowers yellow 3.

Bracts oblong, glabrous ; flowers claret colour 4,

Sect. II. Dipymanruvus :—

Stem erect, herbaceous; leaves in distant pairs :—

Flowers very small, -25 in. long, axillary 5.

Flowers medium-sized :—

Flowers yellow :—

Leaves lanceolate acute 6.

Leaves ovate acuminate Uc

Leaves unequal, narrowly lanceolate 8.

Flowers white :—

Leaves opposite, equal, hairy, ovate :—

Edges pubescent a a:

Edges conspicuously red-hairy 10.

leaves lanceolate, thinly pubescent aia tile

- Leaves subglabrous, equal, long-petioled 12.

Leaves. glabrous, unequal :—

Flowers solitary, on short peduncles 13.

Flowers in pairs on long peduncles from upper

axils ne fe 3c tele

Stem erect, herbaceous, little-branched; flowers yellow;

corolla cylindric, trumpet-shaped :—

Leaves petioled, silky, in distant pairs :—

Corolla 2 in. long .. oe 69 ae abe

Corolla lin. long 5 1G.

_ Leaves crowded above, hairy :—

Stem slender; flowers small, congested ae ali

Stem woody :—

Leaves glabrous, congested at the top, not petioled ;

flowers yellow .. 00 oc 66 lS

Leaves alternate lanceolate, inequilateral ; flowers

blue .. ae DC S0 56 ath

Leaves. crowded or distant, elliptic, petioled ;

flowers white 5c oe . 20.

Sect. III. Reprantrs. Prostrate or creeping herbs. Leaves

in distant pairs, equal or unequal, hairy or pubescent :—

Flowers blue or white, sometimes with yellow streaks :—

Leaves hairy, rarely glabrous; flower in uppermost

5 Ale

axil, peduncle short ..

745

Seeds numerous,

SSiels

. corchorifolia.

. sulphurea.

. citrina.

. purpurea.

- parviflora.

. flava.

. ramosa.

. flavescens.

. hispida.

. hirta.

. viscida.

. albina.

. alternans.

. glabrata.

. malayana.

. albomarginata.

. flavobrunnea.

. longipes.

. tnequalis.

. alba.

. reptans.

746 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves velvety, elliptic :—

Flowers solitary, terminal ae sche . 22. D. ophirensis.

Flowers numerous, on slender pedicels . 23. D. pulchella.

Flowers orange-yellow :—

Calyx-lobes hairy : . 24. D. crocea.

Calyx-lobes narrow, Seupibrons: -30 .. 25. D. ascendens.

Sect. IV. Herreropza. Stems woody, usually short, with

the leaves crowded towards the top, more or less hairy

above, and little or not branched. Leaves hairy, silky or

rarely glabrous, lanceolate, serrate, narrowed at the base

into a winged petiole, alternate. Peduncles slender, axil-

lary in the upper axils, 1- rarely 2-flowered. Bracts

usually small, solitary, linear. Corolla large, showy ;

white crimson or blue, rarely yellow; filaments long,

slender. Capsule narrow, cylindric :—

Flowers solitary, bracts very small :—

Leaves glabrous, wrinkled . 26. D. rugosa.

Leaves tessellate, not wrinkled, obovate, patrons or

with scattered hairs with swollen bases :— ‘

Capsule over 2 in. long . 27. D platypus.

Capsule shorter, 1 in. long . 28. D. Kompsobea.

Leaves not tessellate, hairy or pubescent.

Leaves broad, covered with close short hairs :—

Flowers white, tipped with crimson .. 29. D. quinquevulnera.

Flowers deep crimson . 30. D. atrosanguinea.

Leaves narrow, lanceolate, densely Hairy, distant;

flowers yellow ac 55 . 31. D. hirsuta.

Leaves silky pubescent on bath surfaces ; flowers

white, tinged with pink or blue .. 32. D. bombycina.

Leaves crowded, thickly appressed, aes flowers

white or blue oe 50 .. 33. D. crinita.

Leaves crowded, covered with ‘chor scattered hairs

above, deep green with central white ik flowers

white

. 34. D. fasciata.

Flowers in pairs on a one pedamclee bractsvery broad 35. D. venusta.

Sect. V. Satictinz. Small shrubby plants with narrow

leaves crowded at top. Flowers small :—

Leaves entire

Leaves serrate :-—

Flowers ‘125 in. long, pink A ole

Flowers °75 in. long, white with purple ontsides yellow

in mouth . . 38.

Leaves Apo cut, pifmate > BY):

Sect. VI. Acavures. Stemlessor nearly so; iearee crowded :—

Flowers panicled, lips very unequal ae . 40.

Flowers 1- 2-racemose :— a

_ Flowers large, blue . 41.

Flowers small :—

Leaves elliptic, peltate on AZe

D. pectinata.

. 36. D. densifolia.

salicina.

serratifolia.

violacea.

. lacunosa.

. perdita.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 747

Leaves obovate, crenulate :—

Capsule very short and broad Ae .. 43. D. puncticulata.

Capsule linear, narrow a : .. 44. D. heterophylla.

Leaves small, entire, silky ae oe .. 45. D. pumila.

Affinity doubtful.

Stem tall; leaves alternate, distant. Panicles small,

adnate to petioles bh ef fe .. 46. D. lilacina.

Sect. I. HExarz.

1. DipymMocaRPuUS coRCHORIFOLIA, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. 119

(1840). A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, much branched, with a stout woody

stem. Leaves opposite but unequal, ovate, subacute, ineequilateral,

rounded at base; margins serrate; both surfaces, but especially the

under, covered with soft, short, felted hair; 3 to 9 in. long, 1:5 to

5 in. broad; petiole 1 to 3 in. long. Pamnicles lax, axillary, 2 to 3 in. long;

peduncles short, pubescent; flowers numerous; bracts cupshaped.

Calyx cupshaped, -25 in. long, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla -75 in. long,

white applegreen in the throat or often purplish-white ; tube straight,

thick ; lobes rounded, the upper lip recurved, the base appressed to the

broad decurved lower lip which is much longer. Capsule cylindric, 1 to

2-5 in. long, pubescent, splitting to near the tip. Ann. Se. Nat. 2,

XIII. 164; Wall. Cat. 792; DC. Prodr. [X. 265; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

726 : Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 85, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TV. 351; Ridley in Journ. Bot. XXVIII. 68 (1890), and in Journ. Str. Br.

R. As. Soc. No. 43, 31.

Penana: Wallich 792; Government Hill, Curtis 1239; Maingay

(K.D.) 1227. Senancor: Pahang track and Semangko, Audley 8553.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9775, Curtis 3130; Gunong Hijau,

Scortechint 1266 ; Kinta, at 1500 to 2000 ft., King’s Collector 7220 ; 2000

to 3000 ft., Kzng’s Collector 10979, 10998.

2. DipyMOcARPUS SULPHUREA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 32 (1905). A shrubby creeper 6 to 10 ft. long; stem pubescent,

branched, with long internodes. Leaves opposite but very unequal, one

up to 3 in. long by ‘75 to 1°75 in. broad, the opposite one -5 to -75

in. long, -15 to °25 in. wide; ovate or lanceolate, acute; base unequal,

‘cuneate ; margins crenulate dentate ; deep green above, purple beneath ;

nerves 6 to 7 pairs elevated on both surfaces, sprinkled all over on both

surfaces with short hairs, more hairy on the back. Peduncles axillary,

filiform, 4 to 6 in. long, pubescent ; branches at the top 2 or 3, each

bearing as many flowers ; bracts 2 to each pair of flowers, ovate, gla-

brous, 125 in. long. Calyx-lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse, glabrous.

Corolla infundibuliform, -5 in. long, glabrous ; upper lip short recurved,

lower one longer. Stamens shortly exsert ; filaments thick, pubescent.

748 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Style stout; stigma excavate at the top. Capsule 1:5 to 3 in. long,

rather thick, cylindric, acuminate, glabrous. _

Perak: Gunong Hijau, Gunong Chabang and Gunong Bubu,

Scortechini 6; Gunong Batu Patih, at 3000 to 4000 ft., King’s Collector

8059 ; do. 4500 ft., Wray 219; Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9774.

Var. breviflora, Ridley l.c. Bracts and calyx-lobes narrower, acute,

pubescent. Corolla smaller, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Capsule pubescent,

‘75 in. long.

Serancor: Bukit Kutu, Ridley 7582.

3. Dipymocarpus ciTrina, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 508

(1895). A soft weak herb, about 1 ft. high, pubescent. Leaves soft,

opposite but unequal, the larger 2 to 3 in. long, 1:25 in. wide; ovate or

ovate-lanceolate ; velvety ; margins crenulate ; petiole -5 to 3 in. long.

Pamnicles axillary, 3 in. long, pubescent at base, glabrate above; bracts

ovate cordate, acute, nearly amplexicaul, polished green with red edges;

pedicels ‘5 to 1 in. long, terete, glabrous. Calyz-lobes triangular,

spreading, stiff, green, edges red. Corolla lemon-yellow, pendulous ;

tube 1 in. long, funnel-shaped, base narrowed, mouth dilate, ‘5 in. across ;

upper lobes broad, rounded, recurved. lower ones larger. Stamens 2;

filaments short, sinuate, pubescent; anthers subtriangular. Ovary and

style ‘5 in. long, pubescent; stigma peltate. Disk cylindric. Capsule

1 in. long, angled, glabrous. Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, .32.

Kepau; Gunong Jereh, at 2000 ft. alt., Rzdley 5518.

4, DIDYMOCARPUS PURPUREA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

508 (1895). Stem herbaceous, 12 to 18 in. high. Leaves ovate, acute,

inequilateral, velvety; 4 in. long, 2 in. broad; margins crenulate;

petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Panicle erect, subterminal, 4 in. long, with

slender branches; peduncle 3 in. long, glabrous; bracts small, ovate.

Calyz-lobes spreading, oblong, glabrous, short. Corolla tubular, pur-

ple; tube narrowed at base; lobes rounded, lower oneslonger. Stamens

2; filaments filiform, included; staminodes filiform. Ovary cylindric;

stigma broad, discoid. Capsule ‘d in. long, cylindric, glabrous, stipitate.

Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 33.

KepaxH: Lankawi Island on Gunong Chinchau, 1000 to 1500 ft.,

Curtis 2567.

Sect. II. Dinymanruus.

5. DiDYMOCARPUS PARVIFLORA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 33 (1905). A small erect herb about 1 ft. high or less, much

branched ; stem slender, covered with appressed hairs. Leaves oppo-

site, equal; lanceolate, acute; 1 in. long, -25 in. broad; glabrous and

puncticulate on the upper surface, on the lower yellow pustular and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 749

with short translucent hairs which are longer and multicellular along

the margin, midrib and nerves; nerves 5 pairs; petiole -25 in. long,

hairy. Flowers solitary, axillary on slender hairy peduncles ‘25 in. long.

Calyz-lobes linear, obtuse, pubescent. Corolla :25 in. long, yellow-

pubescent ; tube broad, straight; lobes short, broad, rounded. Stamens

nearly as long as corolla-lobes ; anthers large, white, reniform ; filaments

glabrous. Ovary as long as stamens, pubescent; stigma capitate, entire.

Capsule slender, pubescent.

NeEGrRI SEMBILAN: at Gunong Angsi, Ridley.

6. Dipymocarpus Fava, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 507

(1895). Stem 1 ft. tall, scabrid, branched. Leaves lanceolate acute,

base narrowed ; denticulate on the margins ; scabrid beneath, covered on

the nerves with short hairs; 3 in. long,'1-5 in. broad ; petiole ‘5 in. long.

Cymes axillary and subterminal, on hairy peduncles 1 to 2 in. long;

pedicels ‘5 in. long; flowers 4 or 5. Calyx short ; lobes hispid lanceo-

late. Corolla glabrescent, yellow, ‘75 in. long; tube straight, dilated

upwards; lobes short, obtuse. Style slender, pubescent. Capsule

cylindric, 1:5 in. long, hispid. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 34.

Perak: Larutt Hills, Rzdley 2914 ; Curtis 2690 ; at 2500 to 3000 ft.,

King’s Collector 2151; Scortechini 563.

Var. purpurascens, Ridley. Stems stouter, over 1 ft. high, hairy.

Leaves opposite, equal, obliquely ovate acute, often purple as is the

stem.

Perak: Bukit Kapayung, Sungei Siput, Ridley.

7. Dipymocarpus RAmoSA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

34 (1905). Stem slender, branched, pubescent with appressed hairs, over

1 ft. tall. Leaves distant, opposite, but one of each pair much smaller ;

ovate acuminate, thin, rounded or slightly narrowed at the base; gla-

brous above, sparingly hairy on the nerves beneath; nerves about 7

pairs; 2 to 3 in. long, 1:5 in. wide or smaller; petiole -125 in. long.

Peduncles slender, from the lower axils, 1:25 in. long, 2-flowered, viscid

hairy. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, viscid hairy, -125 in. long.

Corolla-tube straight, hardly dilated, -5 in. long, greenish yellow,

bilabiate; lower lobe longer than upper; lobes rounded. Stamens 2;

filaments long filiform; anthers oblong. Ovary long-cylindric ; style

long, slender ; stigma capitate, small.

PERAK: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 868.

. 8. DipyMocARPUS FLAVESCENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 35 (1905). Stems slender, over 1 ft. long, covered with short

appressed hairs. Leaves distant, opposite but unequal; lanceolate,

acuminate at both ends, entire ; sprinkled over on both surfaces with

750 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

short scattered hairs ; 1:5 to 2 in. long, -5 in. wide ; petiole -15 to 2 in.

long, silky-hairy. Pedwnecles 1-flowered, slender, subterminal, 1 in.

long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes linear, hairy.. Corolla yellowish-white,

‘5 in. long, pubescent; tube straight, cylindric, hardly dilated above ;

bilabiate ; lobes short, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments filiform. Ovary

short, cylindric ; style short, pubescent ; stigma capitate.

SELANGOR: Kwala Kubu, Ridley 7585.

9. Dipymocarpus HIspPiDA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 507.

(1895). Stem 6 to 12 in. tall, hispid. Leaves opposite, equal ; ovate or lan-

late, acute or acuminate at both ends; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide;

scabrid on theupper surface, hairy on the lower, especially on the nerves ;

petiole 1 in. long. Peduncles 1 to 3, erect from the upper axils, 3 in.

long, hairy, with 3 or 4 terminal branches, bearing a few flowers;

pedicels hispid, ‘5in. long; bracts linear, -25 in. long. Calyx :26 in.

long ; lobes lanceolate, hairy. Corolla glabrous, 1 in. long, white with

violet streaks in the lower lip; tube straight, funnel-shaped ; upper lobes

ovate subacute, lower ones longer. Stamens 2; filaments slender, nearly

straight, filiform ; staminodes short, clubbed, 2. Ovary fusiform, pubes-

cent; style terete; stigma capitate. Capsule 1:5 in. long, straight,

cylindric. D. hispidula, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 35.

Prrak: Lartit Hills at 4000 to 6000 ft., Curtes 13812, 2037; Ridley;

King’s Collector ; Scortechini 467 ?

Var. ? selangorensis, Ridley. Leaves shorter, glabrous above. Calyx-

lobes longer. Capsule 3 in. long, softly velvety.

SELANGOR : Gunong Semangko, Curtis 3752.

10. Dipymocarrus uirta, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 438, 36 (1905). Stem herbaceous, branched, about 1 ft. tall, thickly

covered with rather long reddish multicellular hairs. Leaves opposite ;

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute, narrowed at the base; 3 in. long,

1 to 1:5 in. wide; margin serrulate, hairy; rather densely hairy on the

upper -surface with multicellular hairs; on the lower surface, midrib,

and nerves covered with close long pale hairs ; petiole 25 in. long, hairy.

Peduncles subterminal, 2°5 in. long, very hairy, red; bract very small,

linear ; flowers solitary on the peduncles. Calyx-lobes linear, narrow,

hairy, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long. Corolla absent. Capsule 2 in. long, cylindric,

closely but very shortly hairy. Ovary cylindric; style long, pubescent ;

stigma discoid.

SELANGOR : above the gap, Semangko Pass, Curtzs.

11. Dipymocarpus viscrpa, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 36 (1905). Stems slender, 6 in. long or more; shortly roughly

hairy. Leaves opposite, thin; lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ;

base ineequilateral ; upper surface sparingly scabrid hairy, lower hairy on

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 751

the nerves; 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1-5 in. broad; main nerves about 6 pairs ;

petiole ‘5 in. long, roughly hairy. Peduncle subterminal, 2 in. long,

viscid hairy ; cyme-branches 1 in. long. Calyx-lobes very short, lanceo-

late, viscid hairy. Corolla rather over ‘5 in. long; tube swollen at

base, then funnel-shaped, white, sparingly pubescent. Stamens 2,

included; filaments filiform. Style shorter than stamens. Capsule

slender, cylindric, acuminate, viscid hairy, 1 in. long.

Perak: Gunong Keledang, Rzdley 9781.

12. DipyMocarPusS ALBINA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 37 (1905). Stem 2 to 3 ft. tall, herbaceous, appressed hairy.

Leaves opposite, equal ; lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at base

and apex; margins shortly serrate; 4 to 6 in. long by 1°5 to 2 in. wide;

glabrous except the midrib on the back, which is covered with appressed

hairs; petiole appressed hairy, 1°5 in. long. Pedunele axillary, 3 in.

long, with a lax few-branched terminal panicle 1 in. long; bracts and

bracteoles linear. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, -1 in. long.

Corolla ‘5 in. long, waxy white, slightly pubescent; tube cylindric;

limb distinctly bilobed. Stamens 2; filaments glabrous; anthers ovate-

lanceolate. Ovary and style pubescent.

Perak: Gunong Batu Putih, at 3000 to 4000 ft., King’s Collector

8070.

This is allied to D. hispida, Ridl., but with nearly glabrous and more lanceo-

late leaves and smaller flowers.

13. DipyMocARPUS ALTERNANS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 37 (1905). Stem about 1 ft. tall, erect, scabrid hairy above,

rather slender. Leaves thin; subalternate or opposite; lanceolate

acuminate; base ineequilateral cuneate; entire or slightly serrate; 3 in.

long by 1:25 in. wide; nearly glabrous except the midrib on the back

~ and petiole, -25 in. long, which are scabrid hairy ; opposite leaf reduced

to a small ovate blade ‘5 in. long or wanting. Flowers solitary, axillary

on short pedicels, slender, ‘125 to -25 in. long with 2 linear small bracts,

all pubescent. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acute, hairy, 125 in. long. Corolla

‘5 in. long, white, centre yellow ; tube narrowed at the base, dilated up-

- wards, pubescent; lobes subequal, rounded; lips not very distinct.

Stamens 2; filaments filiform, included; anthers elliptic, connate;

staminodes filiform, short, clubbed. Style fairly long, hairy; stigma

capitate. Capsule slender, cylindric, glabrous, 1 in. long.

Perak: at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9777 ; Curtis 3133; Larut Hills,

500 to 1500 ft., Keng’s Collector 2311. On banks up to 4000 it.

14. DipyMocARPUS GLABRATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 38 (1905). A slender branched herb over 1 ft. high, almost

752 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

glabrous except for a little pubescence on the stem and petioles.

Leaves opposite, subequal or one leaf larger than the other; elliptic or

ovate, apex subacute, base cuneate or rounded and oblique; margins

entire; 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 in. broad or less; main nerves 7 pair, with mid-

rib pubescent ; petiole slender, pubescent, ‘25 in. long orless. Peduncles

from the upper axils 2-flowered, axillary, 2 in. long, pubescent; bracts

very small, linear; pedicels -25 in. long, pubescent. Calyz-lobes

narrowly lanceolate, ‘125 in. long. Corolla white (not seen). Capsule

linear, acuminate, 1-5 in. long, pubescent. )

JOHORE : at Gunong Panti, King’s Collector 209.

15. Dipymocarpus MALAYANA, Hook. f.- in Gard. Chron. II. 123, :

fig. 24 (1896). Stem very short, up to 3 in. long. Leaves ovate obtuse

shortly petioled to lanceolate acute, long-petioled; 7 in. long, 2°75 in.

broad; main nerves 15 pairs, conspicuous, silky-hairy. Peduncles

stout, silky-hairy, 3 to 4 in. long, scapose with 2 flowers at the top or

with 2 erect branches 3 in. long bearing 8 or 9 flowers each; flowers

nodding. Calyz-lobes linear, obtuse, pubescent, long. Corolla 2 in.

long, bright yellow; tube narrowed at the base, gibbous, inflated above,

hairy ; lobes rounded, subequal. Stamens 2; filaments included, curved,

glabrous ; anthers shield-shaped with 2 projecting horns on each ; stami-

nodes minute, tooth-like. Ovary conic, hairy; style long, glandular-

pubescent; stigma capitate. Disk cylindric. Capsule cylindric, 1 to

1d in. long. Bot. Mag. t. 7526; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 38.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3300, Ridley 9778; Tanjong

Malim, Baldwin; Chabong, Scortechini 189; Ulu Bubong and Ulu

Kirling, King’s Collector 8799?, 10197? SELANGOR: Gunong

Semangko, Curtis 3300; Bukit Kutu, Ridley 7580; Ginting Bidai, Ridley

7581. Usually at 1500 to 3000 ft. alt.

16. DipymocaRrpus ALBOMARGINATA, Hemsley in Journ. Bot. XXY.

204 (1887). Stem 6 to 12 in. tall, pubescent, red. Leaves elliptic or

ovate, obtuse, with a broad or cuneate base, dark green; edges and

nerves white, sparsely hairy above, silky beneath; nerves about 10 pairs;

3 to 4in. long, 1 to 1d in. wide. Peduncles axillary and subterminal,

hairy, pink, 3 in. long, racemose or sparingly branched. Calyz-lobes

lanceolate, hairy. Corolla yellow ; tube narrow, pinkish white, dilated

upwards ; lobes subequal, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments thickened at

the base, curved ; anthers reniform with short processes ; staminodes 2,

filiform, hooked. Ovary cylindric, conic, pubescent; style long; stigma

wide, discoid. Capsule cylindric, acuminate, rather thick; tip upcurved,

hairy, ‘75 in. long. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 506, and in

Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 39.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 753

Perak: Lartit Hills, 3000 to 5000 ft., Wray; Curtis 2039, 2991;

Firdley 2908 ; King’s Collector 1817.

A species closely allied to D. mulayana, and difficult to distinguish from it in dried

specimens except from the much smaller flowers.

17. DipyMocarPUS FLAVOBRUNNEA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser.

2, IIT. 329 (1893). Stem slender, seldom branched, densely pubescent,

3 to 4 in. tall. Leaves alternate; ovate lanceolate, acute; base unequal

narrowed ; margins serrate; 7 in. long,3 in. wide; nerves and midrib

beneath covered with shining brown hairs, above sparingly pubescent.

Peduneles 8 in. long, stiff, hispid, branched shortly dichotomously above ;

branches short, crowded; flowers numerous, small; bracts lanceolate,

acuminate, ‘25 in. long, hispid; pedicels short. Calyx-lobes linear,

narrow, pubescent. Corolla 1 in. long; tube cylindric, gradually dilated

towards the lips ; lobes unequal, rounded, short ; tube brownish outside ;

limb yellow with an orange spot in the mouth and some red streaks.

. Stamens 2, with filiform filaments. Ovary elliptic. Capsule 1 in. long,

narrowed gradually from the base, splitting above nearly to the apex,

glabrous. Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 39.

PauwanG: Tahan River woods, Ridley 2163.

The fruits crowded at the top of the peduncle radiating in all directions give this

species the appearance of a Parabea.

18. DipymocarPus LoneIPEs, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 86

(1883). Stem woody, 2 in. long, hairy at the top. Leaves oblanceolate,

narrowed to the base; obscurely serrate ; glabrous and deep green above,

hairy on the midrib and purple beneath; 8 in. long, 2°25 in. broad.

Flowers few, racemose (occasionally panicled), pendent on peduncles

9 to 18 in. long, rather stout, purple. Calyxz-lobes linear, acuminate,

pubescent, purple, 125 in. long. Corolla 1:5 in. long, pale yellow,

pubescent; tube straight, little dilated upwards; upper two lobes short,

rounded; lower longer, oblong. Stamens 2; filaments short, thick,

adnate to the tube near the mouth; anthers reniform, connate, just

included, with 2 short appressed horn-like processes to the connective.

. Ovary elongate, conic, passing into the terete style; stigma discoid.

Disk cylindric. Capsule 1-25 in. long, rather thick, splitting along the

upper edge. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 351; Ridley in Journ.

Linn. Soc. XXXII. 509, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 43, 40.

Matacca: Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3854 ; Cuming 2385; Main-

gay (K.D.) 2723; Ridley 3179.

19. DipymMocarRPUS INZQUALIS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

506 (1883). Stem woody, 5 in. or more tall, :125 in. thick, brown-

704 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

pubescent. Leaves alternate, distant, lanceolate, ineequilateral, acute,

serrate, narrowed to the base; velvety above, pubescent beneath ;

Peduncles from the upper axils 1-5 in. long, pubescent ; flowers crowded,

pedicellate ; bract linear, nearly -25 in.long. Calyx campanulate ; lobes

not free to the base, linear, -125 in. long, pubescent. Corolla blue, 1 in.

long; tube slender, enlarged upwards; lobes short, rounded ; filaments

long slender. Ovary elongate cylindric; stigma obconic. Capsule

cylindric, glabrous, 1:5 in. long. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 41.

Kepaw: on Lankawi Island at Gunong Chinchang, Curtis 2568.

20. DipymMocaRPuS ALBA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

41 (1905). Stem woody, creeping, ascending, hairy-pubescent. Leaves

crowded towards the top; lanceolate, acute at base; 2 in. long, -25 to

‘Din. wide, softly densely hairy on both sides ; petiole densely hairy, ‘d in.

long. Peduncles short, 5 in. or less long, 1-flowered, densely hairy.

Calyx-lobes free to .base, linear, acuminate, long-hairy, °125 in. long.

Corolla quite white, ‘5 in. long, base cylindric, gradually dilated upwards,

hairy ; lobes short, rounded, subequal. Stamens 2; filaments rather

short, filiform ; staminodes 3, filiform, clubbed, shorter. Ovary pubes-

cent. Capsule :75 in. long, curved, acuminate, splitting along the upper

surface, glabrous.

PERAK: at Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3299; Ridley 9780 ; Scortechin.

Var. major, Ridley. Stems taller, over 1 ft. high. Leaves more

remote and less hairy. Peduncles longer, 1 in. in flower, 1:25 in. in

fruit. Corolla 1 in. long.

PERAK: at Gunong Bubu, 4500 ft., Wray 3209.

Sect. III. ReEprantss.

21. DipyMocarpPus REPTANS, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. pt. i. 3 (1820),

and in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 35. Stems creeping, 6 in. or more long,

villous. Leaves opposite; ovate or elliptic, blunt at apex, narrowed or

rounded at base; upper surface sprinkled with villous hairs, lower more

hairy ; margins obscurely crenulate ; °75 to 3 in. long, ‘d to ‘75 in. broad.

Peduncles slender, subterminal, 1-flowered, hairy, 1 in. long ; bract very

small; pedicel -25 in. long. Calya-lobes linear, villous, ‘125 in. long.

Corolla ‘5 in. long, pubescent, white with purple and yellow streaks in the —

mouth ; tube trumpet-shaped ; lobes rather large, rounded. Stamens 2 ;

filaments far included, filiform ; staminodes very short. Ovary cylin-

dric ; style slender ; stigma discoid. Capsule 1 in. long, slender, scabrid,

splitting nearly to the apex. Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. 55; Spreng.

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. 755

Syst. II. 837; Wall. Cat. 787; G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. IV. 659 ;

R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 119, and Am. Sc. Nat. 2, XIII. 1€4; DOC.

Prodr. IX. 286; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 726; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan.

V. i. 95, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352; Ridley in Journ. Linn.

Soc. XXXII. 511, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 42.

Henckelia reptans, Spreng. Syst. cwre post. 14.

Prenane: Wallich 787; Maingay (K.D.) 1223 ; Lobb 335; at Pulau

Betong, Curtis 1706; Penang Hill, G. King. Senancor: Bukit Kutu,

Ridley 7585.

Var. monticola, Ridley. More slender, and creeping for 1:5 ft. or more;

the shoots covered with rufous hairs. Leaves narrower, lanceolate,

acute, narrowed into the petiole; 2 to 3 in. long, ‘3 to -5 in. broad.

D. ? producta, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 96.

PERAK: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 480, 927; Lartt Hills Curtis

2040, 2992; Ridley 2912; Scortechine 20, 257; Goping, Kzng’s Collector

1099. Drypines: Simpit, near Lumut, Ridley 3062. Srnancor:

Pahang track, Ridley 8561; Ginting Bidai, Ridley 7586. Nercri

Sempinan: Bukit Tamiang and Bukit Sulu, Cantley’s Collector.—

Distris. Sumatra (Horsfield). A

Var. violascens, Ridley. Stems ascending for 1 ft. or so. Leaves

rather remote, nearly glabrous above except for dense hair on the mar-

gins and midrib, more hairy beneath; nerves elevated, densely

appressed-hairy. lowers purplish-white.

SELANGOR: Rawang, Fzdley 7583 ; Dusun Tera, Ridley 7584.

22. DIDYMOCARPUS OPHIRENSIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 43 (1905). Stem creeping, over 1 ft. long. Leaves opposite,

somewhat unequal, elliptic ; dark green with white on the nerves, 1 to 3

in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. wide, base rounded ; above sprinkled with short hairs,

beneath paler, more hairy ; margins entire, thickly hairy; nerves 5 to 6

pairs, densely hairy; petiole -25 in. long, hairy. Peduncles subterminal,

1 in. long, hairy. Calyz-lobes linear, -125 in. long, densely hairy. Corolla

‘75 in. long, gradually dilated forwards, rather broad at the top, hairy,

purple and white; upper lip much shorter than lower one. Stamens

filiform, little shorter than the corolla. Style slender; stigma capitate.

‘Capsule cylindric, hairy, 1 in. long.

Mazacca: lower part of Mount Ophir, Ridley 3185.

Ridley says: ‘‘I took this at first to be D. marginata, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan.

V.i. 96, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352, which was based on a plant collected in

Malacca or Luzon by Lobb, but which, from the description, may be a form of D.

reptans, and the locality of which is doubtful.”

23. DipyMOocARPUS PULCHELLA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.

No. 43, 44 (1905). Stems slender, 3 to 6 in. long, purple, covered with

756 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, elliptic, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long; dark

green above with a central white stripe, dotted with short hairs ; beneath

purple, sprinkled with hairs; the nerves and edges hairy ; petiole ‘25 to

‘) in. long, hairy. Peduneles axillary, 1 in. long, slender, hairy; bract

linear, very small; pedicel ‘5 in. long, slender, hairy. Calyx-lobes

narrowed, linear, -125 in. long, hairy. Corolla white, with yellow in the

mouth, nearly 1 in. long ; tube cylindric, hardly dilated, sparingly hairy ;

lobes oblong, rounded. Stamens 2 fertile; filaments filiform, straight ;

anthers oblong. Ovary slender, cylindric, pubescent, with style -4 in.

long. Capsule narrow, cylindric, upcurved, 1:5 in. long, pubescent.

PaHane: Kwala Lipis, Machado 11629.

24. DipymMocarPpus crRocEeA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 44 (1905). Stems succulent, creeping, pubescent, 1 ft. or more

long. Leaves opposite but unequal; ovate, obtuse; surfacesoftly hairy,

green with white veins; 1 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to 1-25 in. broad ; nerves raised

beneath ; petiole ‘5 in. long or less. Peduncles subterminal, 1 to 3 in.

long, 1-flowered, softly hairy; bracts 2, short, linear. Calyz-lobes

linear, pubescent, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long. Corolla orange-yellow, pubescent,

bilabiate, 2 in. long; tube narrowed at the base, dilated, gibbous

above; lobes rounded, darker orange; lower lip longer than upper.

Stamens 2; filaments sinuate; anthers with 2 processes each on the

back; staminodes filiform, hooked. Style slender; stigma capitate.

Capsule rather thick, curved upwards, 1-25 in. long, pubescent.

Perak: Gunong Keledang, on banks, Ridley 9776; Curtis 3301;

Sungkei, King’s Collector 3014.

25. DIDYMOCARPUS ASCENDENS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

512 (1896). Stem rather slender, creeping, ascending, branched above,

4 to 8 in. high ; branches 2 in. long or more. Leaves crowded above,

opposite, subequal; ovate, subacute, narrowed or broad at base, entire ;

surface dark green, silky-hairy, the edges white-silky ; 1:5 to 2 in. long,

‘5 to 1 in. broad; petiole 1 in. long or less. Flowers solitary on hairy

peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long. Calyz-lobes linear, acuminate, silky.

Corolla orange-yellow, 1:5 in. long, narrow cylindric, dilated above,

pubescent; lobes short, rounded, subequal. * Stamens 2; filaments long,

thick; anthers triangular, obtuse. Ovary cylindric, pubescent; style

long; stigma ovate, triangular. Capsule cylindric, acuminate, 1 in. long.

Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 40.

Perak: Tapa, Haviland; Curtis 3106; Goping, King’s Collec-—

tor 4058.

Sect. IV. Heteropza.

26. DipymocarpPus RuGOSA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 757

45 (1905). Stem short, stout, woody, 2 to 3 in. long. Leaves crowded

at the top, rather thick; oblong, oblanceolate, winged to the base;

dentate; glabrous and strongly bullate, wrinkled above, beneath pubes-

cent with midrib and nerves hairy; nerves very numerous and close

(about 40 pairs), nervules transverse, strongly raised; 3 to 5 in. long,

15 to 2 in. wide. Peduncles slender, 3 in. long, hairy, ebracteate ;

flowers solitary. Calyx-lobes short, ovate acute. Corolla-tube trumpet-

shaped, 1 in. long; lower lip longer than the upper ; lobes broad, white

with yellow central bar. Stamens 2; anthers narrow; connective

2-horned; staminodes short, very slender, hooked. Ovary and style very

hairy ; stigma broad, reniform.

Perak: Hulu Selama, Scortechina 1273. KernuAntTaAN: Kwala Lebir,

Dr. Gimlette.

27. DipymocarPus PLATYPUuS, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 94

(1883), and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352 (1884). Stem woody below,

pubescent, leafy above, 4 to 22 in. long. Leaves sessile, alternate ;

oblanceolate, 8 to 13 in. long, 3in. wide; margins serrate ; above sprinkled

with multicellular hairs from a swollen base, beneath glabrous except

for the elevated nerves and reticulations, densely appressed hairy.

Peduncles numerous, axillary, 1 in. long, slender, hairy ; bracts 2, short,

lanceolate, hairy; pedicel 1-flowered, ‘5 in. long, hairy. Calyz-lobes

ovate, obtuse, hairy, *1 in long. Corolla from a narrow base dilated

forwards, 1:25 in. long, sparingly hairy, white with a yellow mouth;

lobes broad, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments filiform, long; anthers

reniform, with a process of the connective projecting beyond them.

Style long, slender; stigma wide, discoid. Capsule cylindric, 1:5 in.

long, pubescent. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 505, and in Journ.

Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 46.

Perak: Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 934; Goping, King’s Collector

832. Sebtaneor: Klang, Beccary 5; Kuala Lumpur, Ridley. Neart

SemBILAN: Perhentian Tinggi, Ridley 10097 ; Bukit Temiang, Cantley.

Matacea: Griffith (K.D.) 3825; Maingay (K.D.) 1226; Cuming 2359;

Ayer Panas, Derry 111; Harvey. JonorEe: Ulu Batu Pahat, Kelsall;

Gunong Pulai, Azdley 3729. Sinaapore: Bukit Timah, Selitar,

| Ridley.—Distriw. Sumatra.

28. Dipymocarpus Kompsospa@a, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i.

92, t. 10 (1883). Stem woody, 4 to 5 in. tall. Leaves crowded at the

top; oblanceolate, acute, narrowed towards the base; 5 to 9 in. long,

2 to 3 in. wide ; margins coarsely crenate-dentate ; above glabrous when

adult, with a few multicellular hairs when young; beneath minutely

pubescent ; nerves and reticulations elevated; midrib and main nerves

with long brownish appressed hairs. Pedwncles 1-flowered, 4 in. long,

758 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

hairy. Calyx-lobes ovate, hairy, ‘125 in. long. Corolla white with

yellow in the throat; tube 1 in. long; base narrowed, above somewhat

abruptly swollen, nearly glabrous ; lower lip longer than the upper one.

Stamens 2; filaments filiform; anthers oblong. Capsule 1:75 in. long,

moderately thick, pubescent. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.

No. 43, 44. .

Pawane: Tahan River Woods, Ridley 2152. Smnancor: Bukit

Hitam, Kelsall.

29. DIDYMOCARPUS QUINQUEVULNERA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc.

Ser. 2, ITI. 328 (1893). Stem woody, 6 to 9 in. tall or less, covered

with brown wool. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, acute, serrate, nar-

rowed to the base; silky pubescent, dark green; 6 in. long, 2 to 2°5 in.

wide. Peduncles slender, rosy, white-ciliate; flowers numerous. Calyx-

lobes lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube slender, dilated forwards, 3 in.

long, white, 2-lipped; lobes rounded, crimson or violet-purple edged

with white, with yellow streaks in the throat. Stamens rather thick,

sinuate, white; anthers reniform. Ovary cylindric, pubescent; stigma

cordate. Capsule cylindric, acuminate, 3:5 in. long. Ridley in Journ.

Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 47.

PaHaneG: Kota Glanggi, Tahan Woods, Ridley 2144, 2154. Srnan-

Gor: Pahang Track, 15th mile, Ridley 8559.

30. DiDYMOCARPUS ATROSANGUINEA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe.

Ser. 2, III. 328 (1893). Stem woody, 6 in. high, :25 in. thick. Leaves

lanceolate, acute, crenulate, denticulate or dentate, base broad; 9 in.

long, 4 in. wide; deep green velvety pubescent above, glaucescent,

pubescent beneath with elevated nerves and nervules. Peduwncles 3 in.

long, pubescent; bracts ovate. Calyx-lobes linear, acute, ‘25 in. long,

pubescent, red. Corolla pubescent, deep red, yellow in the mouth;

tube 2 in. long, dilated upwards; lobes subequal, ovate obtuse.

Stamens 2; filaments sinuous, rather thick ; anthers semi-ovate. Style

longer than the stamens, pubescent; stigma rounded. Ridley in Journ.

Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 47.

PaHana: Tahan Woods, Ridley. Trinaeanu: fidley.

31. Dipymocarpus HiRsuTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 48 (1905). Stem woody, over 1 ft. long, branched, densely

hairy above with long multicellular hairs. Leaves alternate, lanceolate

acuminate, narrowed to the base, crenate, densely hairy on both sur-

solitary on the peduncles in the lower and upper axils. Pedwncles very

slender, hairy, 1 in. long. Calyzx-lobes short, ovate lanceolate, obtuse.

Corolla narrow, 1:5 in. long, yellow, pubescent. Capsule very narrow,

cylindric, pubescent, 3 in. long.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 759

Perak: Goping, King’s Collector 715; Larit Hills, King’s Col-

lector 2529.

32. DipymMocarPus BoMBYCINA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 43, 32 (1905). Stem branched, woody, 3 to 4 ft. tall; above

closely silky pubescent. Leaves lanceolate acuminate; 4 to 6 in. long,

1 in. across; narrowed to the base; minutely crenulate ; densely silky

pubescent on both sides; nerves very numerous and close. Pedicels

short, 1 in. long, slender, silky. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, small, silky.

Corolla-tube 1 in. long, sparingly pubescent, white tinged with pink or

blue, trumpet-shaped.

PeRAK: Ulu Bubong, 400 to 600 ft., King’s Collector 10587.

33. DipymocarPus crinita, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. II. 1 (1820), and

in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. 33, t. 2, fig. 2 (1823). Stem woody, pubes-

cent, 6 in. tall. Leaves narrow, lanceolate acute, narrowed to the

base; shortly and closely serrate; 6 in. long, 1 in. wide; dark green

above, sometimes with a white longitudinal bar, covered closely with

short velvety hair; beneath purple with longer hair especially on the

nerves. Peduncles about 1 in. long, villous; pedicels ‘25 in. long; bracts

linear, all villous. Calyx-lobes narrow, lanceolate acute, villous, -125 in.

long. Corolla white or usually pale blue, 1°5 in. long, pubescent ; tube

narrowed at the base, dilated forwards; lobes large, rounded, subequal.

Stamens: filaments filiform, curved; anthers oblong with short lateral

processes. Style and ovary cylindric, pubescent; stigma discoid.

Capsule slender, cylindric, 2 to 3 in. long, pubescent. Cale. Journ. Nat.

Efist. EV. 53, t-) lo, fig. 2; Wall Cat. 779); Spreng. Syst. IL. 837;

-G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. IV. 659; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rav.

DiS andwinwAnn. se. Nat. 2 Xi, 1645 DCr Prodr LX. 2655) Hook

Bot. Mag. t. 4554; El. des Serres, t. 631; Lem. Jard. Fl. t. 87; Migq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 724; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 98, and in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 351; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 505,

and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 49. Henckelia crinita, Spreng.

Syst. cure post. 138.

Krepaw: Gunong Jerai, Ridley; Tomoh, Machado. Keruantan:

Kwala Lebir, Dr. Gimlette. Punana: Wallich; Helfer 3834; Gaudi-

~chaud 71; West Hill, Curtis 410; Stoliczka; G. King; Deschamps.

Perak: Larut Hills, Scortechint 10294 ; Ridley 2907; King’s Collector

2157; Tapa, Curtis 3781. SELANGor: Ginting Bidai, Ridley 7577.

SuneEI Usone: Bukit Sulu, Cantley. Pananea: Raub Track, Machado

11575 ; Tahan Woods, fzdley 2169. Mazacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1225;

Harvey. Stnaarore: Walker 18; Lobb 311.—Disrris. Sumatra,

Borneo.

Var. Curtisa, Ridley. Leaves oblanceolate, acute, serrate, deep green

760 Flora of the Malayan Pennsula.

with a silvery central bar, covered with long multicellular hairs from a

swollen base on both sides, very dense and longer on the back at the

base and on the buds. Scapes 3 in. long, hairy, slender. Calyx-lobes

oblong, hairy, blunt. Corolla 2 in. long, blue; tube hairy, swollen

upwards ; lobes unequal, 1 in. across the limb. Stigma broad, heart-

shaped.

SELANGOR: near the Gap, Curtis.

Var. elongata, Ridley. Stem tall and somewhat branched.

Leaves scattered, narrow and small; 3 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, hairy.

Flowers small, pale blue, 1 in. long, on slender pedicels 3 in. long or

less, from the lower as well as from the upper axils.

Perak: Tapah, Curtis 3781.

34. DipymMocarpus FASCcIATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 50 (1905), Stem woody, 6 to 8 in. tall, with soft hair in the

upper parts. Leaves alternate, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, nar-

rowed to base; 4 to 8 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; margins serrulate crenulate;

above deep velvety malachite green, with a broad central white bar

covered with short scattered hairs ; back, edges, and petiole with longer

pale silky hairs. Pedunecles slender, short, 1:5 in. long, hairy; bract

very small, linear. Calyx-lobes narrow, lanceolate, very small. Corolla

1:5 in. long, cylindric, trumpet-shaped ; white limb edged violet. Cap-

sule very slender, 2 in. long or less, glabrous.

Kepau: Gunong Jerai, Ridley. Panana: Tahan River, in rocky

woods, Fizdley 2169.—Distris. Lingga, Batu Gajah (Mullett).

35. DipyMocarpus veNusTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 51 (1905). Stem erect, woody, 12 to 18in. tall. Leaves oblong

lanceolate, subacute, crenulate-serrate, narrowed into the petiole, winged

to the base; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; nerves elevated on both

surfaces, 22 pairs; glabrous above, nerves and midrib ferruginous hairy

beneath. Pedwneles axillary, 1 or 2 in an axil, 7 in. long, hairy; flowers

terminal, 2, large, white; bracts 2, oblong cuspidate, glabrous, -3) tO

‘4 in. long; pedicels hairy, lower one ‘25, upper one ‘din. long. Calyx-

lobes free to base, linear acuminate, pubescent, ‘5 in. long. Corolla

pubescent; tube enlarged upwards, infundibuliform, 1:5 in. long, pure

white with a brown spot on the lower lobes; upper lobes shorter than

lower, rounded; lower lip ‘5 in. long, lobes oblong. Stamens included,

2; filaments filiform; anthers oblong; staminodes filiform, hooked.

Ovary narrow, cylindric, with style ‘5 in. long; all pubescent; stigma

large, cordate. Capsule terete, acuminate, splitting along the upper

edge, glabrous, 2 to 2:5 in. long.

PERAK: Bujong Malacca, Ridley. SELANGoR: Gunong Semangko,

Curtis 3751, .

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 761

Ridley says this beautiful plant hardly belongs to this group. It resembles

much more closely a Didissandra, but has 2 stamens only.

Sect. V. SALICINzE.

36. DipymocarPus DENSIFoLIA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 43, 51 (1905). Stem woody, 3 in. tall. Leaves numerous,

~ crowded, alternate ; lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to the base, rather

thick in texture, entire, nearly glabrous when adult except for a few

hairs on the midrib; 1:5 to 5 in. long, :25 to 75 in. wide. Peduncles

hairy, slender, 3 in. long, with a few 1-flowered short branches ; bracts

linear, oblong. Calyzx-lobes linear oblong, pubescent. Corolla not seen.

Ovary cylindric, pubescent; style pubescent; stigma small, capitate.

Capsule cylindric, pubescent, 1 in. long, splitting nearly to the tip.

JOHORE: Gunong Janeng, Kelsall.

37. DipyMOCARPUS SALICINA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2,

III. 829 (1893). A small shrubby plant, 3 to 6 in. tall, simple or

branched, glabrous below, pubescent above. Leaves numerous, crowded

above, opposite; narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, serrate ;

3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 in. wide; pale green above, reddish beneath ; petiole

slender, 1:5 in. long or less. Peduncles numerous, crowded in the upper

axils, very slender, glabrous, red, 2 in. long; branches few, divaricate,

pubescent ; flowers very small, :125 in. long, pink. Calyzx-lobes very

narrow, linear-pubescent. Corolla campanulate; lobes ovate acute.

Stamens 2; filaments short, slender; anthers reniform. Style longer

than the corolla, glabrous; stigma small, capitate. Capsule cylindric,

acuminate, ‘7d in. long. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 52.

Panane: Tahan River, Ridley 2166. On stream-banks in woods.

38. DiIDYMOCARPUS SERRATIFOLIA, Ridley. Stem woody, 6 in. long

or less. Leaves numerous, lanceolate acute, narrowed at base, not

petioled ; strongly toothed ; teeth :125 in. long, acute ; nerves 40 pairs ;

8 in. long, 1 in. wide; glabrous above, midrib with pale hairs

beneath. Scape slender, hairy, 3 in. long; flowers 4 or 5, nearly sessile.

Calyx-lobes ovate, short hairy. Corolla trumpet-shaped, ‘75 in. long,

narrowed at base, dilated upwards; lower lip longer than upper one;

‘25 in. wide, 3-lobed, side lobes rounded, median longer, oblong ; white

stained with purple outside, yellow in the mouth. Capsule very slender,

over 1 in. long, pubescent, pedicelled. D. serrata, Ridley in Journ. Str.

Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 52, not of R. Br.

Perak: Larut Hills on rocks in dense forest, below the Tea Gardens,

at about 1000 ft. alt., Ridley 11922.

762 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

39. DIDYMOCARPUS PECTINATA, Clarke in Herb. Kew., ex Oliver

in Ic. Pl. t. 2246 (1892). Small shrubby plant, 6 in. or more tall,

branched or simple. Leaves densely crowded at the top, glabrous,

deeply pectinate, 6 to 7 in. long; lobes ‘4 in. long, ‘125 in. wide at the

base, blunt. Pedwncles from the upper axils several, pubescent, 2 in.

long. Calyx ‘‘ dark blue.” Corolla white, tomentose, ‘3 in. long; tube

cylindric, slightly inflated; upper lobe obovate, rounded. Stamens 2;

filaments curved; anthers oblong; staminodes absent. Disk tubular.

Capsule ‘5to ‘75 in. long, pale, glabrous, rather thick, curved. Ridley

in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 43, 53.

PERAK : on limestone rocks at 400 to 800 ft. alt., King’s Collector .

10711. Senancor: Rawang, Ridley 7579; Kelsall 1981.

Sect. VI. AcAULES.

40. DipyMocaRPuS VIOLACEA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

509 (1895). ootstock short, erect; stem 1 in. long, densely woolly.

Teaves numerous, very unequal, ovate to lanceolate, acute, narrowed

at the base, oblique, toothed; densely softly hairy; 2 to 8 in. long,

1:25 to 2°5 in. wide; sessile or petioled; petiole as much as

2in. long. Panicles 2 to 5 in. long, lax; branches slender, pubescent.

Calyz-lobes oblong, lanceolate, :125 in. long, glabrous. Corolla-tube

trumpet-shaped, curved, ‘5 in. long, violet ; upper lobes short, recurved,

lower ones ‘25 in. longer. Stamens 2; filaments filiform. Ovary long,

terete; style short; stigma clubbed. Capsule glabrous, cylindric,

‘75 in. long.

Perak: Hermitage Hill at 5000 ft. elevation, on rocks in the

stream, Ridley 2909.

41. Dipymocarpus Lacunosa, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7236 (1892).

Stemless. Leaves crowded, oblong or ovate, cordate, tomentose,

crenulate, 2 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. across; above pubescent,

beneath rusty tomentose, especially on the elevated nerves ; petiole 2 to

4 in. long, rusty tomentose. Scapes 4 to 6 in. long, 2- to many-flowered,

simple or 3-or 4-branched at the top; branches ‘d in. long; flowers

nodding. Corolla 1 in. long, deep violet blue ; tube narrow at the base,

gibbous, inflated upwards; lobes short, rounded, subequal. Stamens

included, curved, swollen near the base, narrowed upwards; anthers

elliptic, not horned; staminodes filiform, one-third as long. Pvstzl

linear, pubescent, gradually narrowed into the style ; stigma very shortly

bifid. Capsule 2 in. long, linear. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 43, 54.

Kepau: Lankawi island, at Terutau, on damp rocks, Curtis 1655.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 763

42. DipyMocARPUS PERDITA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.

No. 43, 54 (1905). Stem creeping, woody, about 4 in. long. Leaves

elliptic obtuse, rounded, peltate; margins crenulate; 3 in. long, 1:5 in.

wide ; above scabrid and sprinkled over with hairs, beneath glabrous

except for the midrib and nerves, which are hairy with appressed hairs ;

margin with hairs on the crenulations; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, hairy.

Peduneles slender, 4 in. long, subterminal, hairy. Calyx-lobes lanceo-

late, pubescent. Corolla not seen. Capsule ‘5 in. long, narrowed

suddenly into the style and only splitting as far as the base of the

style ; stigma subbilobed, large.

SINGAPORE: Selitar, very rare, Ridley.

Ridley found two plants of this together in a small ravine near Selitar in 1889,

one in fruit. Since then the locality has been destroyed by cultivation, and the

plant has disappeared and is probably extinct.

43. DipymMocarpus puNcTICULATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc.

XXXIT. 510 (1895). Almost stemless. Leaves crowded, elliptic or

obeuneate or nearly oblanceolate, inzequilateral, base truncate; crenate,

puncticulate, hispid; 3 in. long, 1:5 in. wide or smaller ; nerves beneath

elevated, hairy. Peduncles subterminal, 3 in. long, slender, thickening

in fruit, hairy. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, acute, ‘06 in. long, hairy.

Corolla :25 in. long, hairy, violet ; tube short, broad campanulate ; lower

lip longer than the upper one; lobes oblong obtuse. Stamens very

short; filaments thick; anthers large, conic, shield-shaped; style

longer, pubescent. Capsule ‘5 in. long, thick, hispid.

JOHORE: Gunong Panti, Rzdley.

44. DIDYMOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe.

Ser. 2, III., 329 (1893). Stem short with a long woody root, woolly

above. Leaves crowded, very variable in size, obovate, oblique or

lanceolate, crenulate, obtuse; 4 in. long, 1°5 in. wide or less ; above dark

green, purplish in the centre, glabrous, beneath reddish ; nerves raised,

covered with red wool on the back. Peduncles slender, hairy, 3 in.

long ; branches short and few ; flowers few, small. Calyx-lobes linear,

pubescent, ‘125 in. long. Corolla campanulate, -25 in. long, violet,

pubescent. Style longer, pubescent. Capsule cylindric, curved,

acuminate, 1 in. long, glabrous, splitting for nearly the whole length.

Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 56. -

Panane: Tahan River, Adley 2170. JoHore: Gunong Janeng,

Kelsall.

| 45. DipyMocarpus PuminaA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 56 (1905). Stem slender, woody, 1 to 3 in. long. Leaves

crowded at the top, elliptic obovate, obtuse, narrowed at the base and

764 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

inequilateral; -5 to 1:5 in. long, ‘25 to 1 in. wide; above silky pubes-

cent, beneath dotted with swollen hair-bases; nerves about 6 pairs,

elevated, hairy with appressed hairs. Peduncles slender, erect, purple,

with silky appressed white hairs, 2 to 3 in. tall, subterminal ; flowers

1 to 2, terminal, very shortly pedicelled; bract linear, purple. Calyx-

lobes linear, purple, pubescent. Corolla °25 in. long, with a short

broad tube, pubescent, purplish-white, hardly bilabiate ; lobes rounded,

pinkish white. Stamens 2; filaments slender, short, filiform. Ovary

slender, cylindric ; style longer than stamens ; stigma discoid. Capsule

‘75 in. long, terete, upceurved, splitting along the upper edge, minutely

pubescent.

SELANGOR: the Gap—Semangko Pass, alt. 3000 ft., Curtis 3782 ;

Burn-Murdoch.

AFFINITY DOUBTFUL.

46. DipymMocarpPus Linacina, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, ITI.

330 (1893). Stem 12 to 15 in. long, entirely leafy, brown-pubescent.

' Leaves alternate, spreading, lanceolate, crenate dentate, pubescent,

dark green ; 4 in. long, 1 in. wide; petiole 1 in. long. Pedzcels numer-

ous, rising from the petiole near the leaf-blade, slender, -25 in. long,

pubescent. Calyx-lobes very short, lanceolate, hispid. Corolla campanu-

late, rosy-violet, sparingly pubescent; lobes oblong, rounded. Stamens

2; filaments thick, with slender base; anthers reniform. Style shorter

than the corolla, pubescent; stigma capitate. Capsule -65 in. long,

rather thick, cylindric, with a short beak. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R.

As. Soc. No. 48, 57.

PawHAne: Tahan River, Ridley 2165.

5. Curreita, Buch.—Ham.

Herbs or slender shrubs. Leaves opposite, often unequal or

whorled or alternate ; elliptic or ovate. Peduncles axillary, 1- or more

flowered; bracts free or connate, small or large. Calyx 5-lobed, with

acute lobes, usually large. Corolla infundibuliform or tubular-ventri-

cose, blue or white, 2-lipped; lobes rounded. Stamens 2; filaments

filiform, geniculate; anthers rounded, connivent, often hairy. Disk

annular. Ovary cylindric, linear; style usually long; stigma ovate or

narrow, bifid. Capsule long, cylindric—Distr1B. Species about 26,

in India, China, and Malaya.

Bracts free :—

Stems 2 ft. high; leaves ovate; corolla 1 in. long, claret-

coloured - 5c fe Se oo) fy Gaelatan

Stems under 2 ft. high ; corolla blue or violet, rarely white: —

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 765

Leaves ovate :—

Corolla 1:5 in. long, azure blue; stems 1 ft. high ormore.. 2. C. caliginosa.

Corolla -75 in. long, violet with darker streaks; stems

under 1 ft. high Se ae ays .. od. CG. viola.

Leaves lanceolate ; corolla blue, rarely white Ae -. 4. @: ‘sericea:

Bracts connate ; leaves ovate; corolla blue or violet :—

Corolla-tube *5 in. long se ure 26 .. 5d. GC. rupestris.

Corolla-tube 1 in. long ate ays 2 .. 6. C. Glasgovii.

DousprFruL SPECIES.

7. C. mollissima.

1. Currita ELATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 518 (1895).

A tall rough herb, 2 ft. high. Stemangled, branched. Leaves 3 to 6 in.

long, 1:5 to 3 in. wide, ovate, inequilateral, acute, toothed; with

elevated nerves, hispid ; petioles slender, lin. long. Cymes lateral, axil-

lary, 3 in. long, hispid. Calyx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, hairy, 125 in.

long. Corolla funnel-shaped, hairy, 1 in. long, claret colour; lobes

short, rounded, subequal, ‘5 in. across. Stamens 2; filaments slender ;

anthers oblong ; staminodes short, with abortive anthers. Ovary short,

pubescent; stigma peltate, sub-bilobed. Capsule straight, cylindric.

Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 57.

Perak: Lartt Hills, Wray 2985 ; Curtis 2038; Ridley 2911.

2. CHIRITA CALIGINOSA, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 122 (1883).

A soft herb, 1 ft. or more tall, often branched. Leaves opposite; ovate

acuminate, base broad or cuneate, very inequilateral; margins entire

or slightly toothed; 2°5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; closely pubescent ;

petiole ‘5 in. long. Flowers several, axillary; pedicels ‘d to 1 in. long,

pubescent. Calyz-lobes lanceolate acuminate, hairy, 5 in. long.

Corolla 1-5 in. long, azure blue; tube narrow at the base, broadly

infundibuliform at the apex, pubescent; lobes large, rounded, ‘75 in.

across the lips. Stamens 2; anthers globose, covered with long hairs

at base. Style slender, pubescent ; stigma bilobed, lobes linear. Capsule

3 in. long, slender, cylindric, curved. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.

360; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 516, and in Journ. Str. Br.

R. As. Soc. No. 438, 58.

Perak: Kuala Dipang, Curtes 3109; Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1582

SELANGOR: Kuala Lumpur caves, Beccarz; Curtis 2359.

3. Curerita vioua, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 516 (1895).

A herb, 2 to 10 in. tall, pubescent. Leaves ovate acute, crenate or ser-

_ rate or entire, very unequal, 2 to 6 in. long, 1‘5 to 3 in. wide; petiole

"125 in. long. Cymes short, few-flowered ; flowers small; pedicels ‘d in.

long. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, acute, hispid, nearly -125 in. long.

Corolla -75 in. long, violet; tube narrow at the base, thin, dilated,

766 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

trumpet-shaped ; upper lobes short, rounded, lower ones ovate obtuse,

longer, median one longest, elliptic, all violet with darker streaks and a

patch of yellow glandular hairs in the mouth. Stamens 2, exsert;

anthers yellow, ovoid, with a thickened connective, ciliate at the base,

with a black spot on each anther; filaments attached to the mouth of

the tube. Ovary pubescent; stigma obliquely bifid ; lobes linear, obtuse.

Capsule terete, acute, 1:5 in. long, minutely pubescent. Ridley in Journ.

Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 59.

Kepau: Lankawi Islands, Curtis 2570.—Distris. S. Siam, on

limestone rocks.

4, CHIRITA SERICEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

59 (1905). Herb, 3 to 6 in. tall, simple or branched, woolly. Leaves

alternate, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, base unequal, cuneate; 2 to 3 in.

long, ‘5 in. wide ; margins entire; both sides densely covered with short

silky hairs; petiole -25 to 1 in. long. Flowers 1 to 2, axillary; pedicels

‘OS in. or less, silky-hairy, ebracteolate. Calyx-lobes narrow, linear

acuminate, densely silky-hairy. Corolla blue, rarely white; tube half

as long again as sepals; lobes broader, unequal, oblong, all hairy.

Style slender, glabrous; stigma bilobed, lobes elliptic. Capsule cylin-

dric, 1:5 in. long, silky-hairy. .

Perak: Ipoh, limestone rocks, Curtis 3181.

Var. Scortechini, Ridley, lc.

Capsule shorter, ‘6 in. tong, and thicker, :125 in. through, splitting

longitudinally into 2 valves. Corolla-tube straight ; lobes of lower lip

broad. .

PerRAk: Scortechint 102, 112.

5. CHIRITA RUPESTRIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

59 (1905). A herb, about 4 to 10 in. tall. Stem simple or branched,

glabrescent. Leaves opposite or alternate, thin, ovate obtuse ; 1 to 3 in.

long, ‘5 to 2°5 in. wide; above sprinkled with multicellular hairs.

Flowers axillary, 1 to 2, sessile, on a peduncle ‘d in. long, hairy,

enclosed in a green cupular bilobed bract ‘5 in. long ; edges recurved and

covered with multicellular hairs. Calya-lobes narrowly lanceolate,

hairy, nearly ‘5 in. long. Corolla-tube as long as the _ bract,

hairy, blue, little longer than the calyx-lobes, rounded. Ovary and

style slender, hairy. Capsule cylindric, slender, curved, 2°5 in. long.

Kepau: Lankawi, on damp rocks, Curtis 2120.

6. Currita GuaAscovu, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

60 (1905). A weak herb, 1 ft. tall, branched. Leaves ovate obtuse,

thin; 1 to 3 in. long, ‘75 to 2 in. wide; base rounded, retuse; nerves

5 pairs, alternate; above sprinkled with multicellular hairs, beneath

paler with a few hairs on the nerves, otherwise nearly glabrous ; petiole

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 767

slender, 1 to 2 in. long, glabrous. Bract convolute, bilobed; lobes

ovate, hairy, 1 in. long. Calyzx-lobes lanceolate acuminate, narrow,

hairy, ‘5 in. long. Corolla-tube 1 in. long, minutely hairy, dark violet.

Capsule cylindric, curved, 3 in. long, glabrous.

Psrak: Waterloo near Kuala Kangsa, C. Robertson-Glasgow.

DousBtTFuL SPECIES.

7. CHrRITA MOLLIssImA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 517

(1895). Nearly stemless. Leaves congested, lanceolate, acute, obscurely

minutely serrate, silvery-tomentose ; 6 to 8 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. broad.

Flowers pedicelled, drooping, axillary, few, handsome; pedicels some-

what thick, woolly, 1 in. long. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, acuminate,

equal, ‘5 in. long, tomentose. Corolla funnel-shaped, more than | in.

long, oblong, obtuse ; the upper lobes short, rounded, violet, the lower

wider; the tube white in the throat, with glandular hairs above the

anthers. Stamens 2; filaments broad, curved; anthers broad, thick.

Pistil pubescent, emerald green, little exsert; the ovary cylindric,

attenuated in the style; stigma 2-lobed, pubescent, decurved. Capsule

1 in. long, broad, thick, glabrous or pubescent.

SIAMESE SrTaTes: Pangah, Curtis 2944.

6. TETRAPHYLLUM, Griff.

Undershrubs ; stem elongate, with leaves crowded towards the apex.

Leaves opposite or in whorls of 4, nearly sessile, ovate, unequal-sided.

Cymes capitate or lax from the axils of the upper leaves; bracts elliptic,

oblong or lanceolate. Calyx somewhat large, 5-partite, obscurely

2-lipped. Corolla widely funnel-shaped, more or less 2-lipped ; lobes 5,

subequal, ovate. Stamens 2, fertile; filaments short, filiform, often

spirally twisted ; anthers 2-celled ; apex submucronate; cells oblong or

ellipsoid, parallel or divergent; staminodes very minute. Ovary

ellipsoid, acute; style linear; stigma small, capitate, sub-bilobed ;

placente parietal, 2-lamellate; ovules very numerous. Capsule ovate

or lanceolate, dehiscing both loculicidally and septicidally; having

2 ribs united at the tip and the placentz split into 2 lamelle. Seeds

very minute, ellipsoid; testa reticulate—Distris. 2 species, one Indian,

the other of the Malay Peninsula.

TETRAPHYLLUM ROSEUM, Stapf ex Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.

XXXII. 524 (1895). Leaves opposite, closely approximate, the end

ones subverticillate, usually in fours; elliptic or obovate-elliptic, obtuse

eit apex, narrowed at base; crenate-denticulate ; above green, shining,

bullate, pilose; beneath pale, punctulate, pilose on the nerves; 2:5

to 3:5 in. long, 1:75 to 2:25 in. broad; petiole -15 to -2 in. long.

768 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cymes few-flowered, from the axils of the last 3 or 4 leaves, collected in

a terminal inflorescence 1 in. long ; bracts oblong or lanceolate ; pedicels

slender, about -2 in. long. Calyx deeply 5-fid, scarcely ‘5 in. long ;

lobes ovate acute; tube obscurely 5-angled, glabrous. Corolla

glabrous ; tube nearly -5 in. long, white, curved; limb pink, bilabiate,

upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, lobes rounded. Stamens

included; filaments filiform, spiraily twisted, glabrous; anthers ad-

hering at the apex, with a thick connective; cells oblong, divergent at

base. Ovary oblong, puberulous; style as long as ovary; stigma

capitate, sub-bilobed ; placentze 2-lamellate ; the lamella densely ovule-

bearing. Capsule ovate-oblong, ‘3 to ‘5 in. long, as long as the per-

sistent calyx.

SIAMESE STATES: Pungah, Curtis.

7. Loxocarpus, Br.

Herbs, scapigerous. Leaves ovate or oblong, petiolate, pubes-

cent. Flowers 1 or more in a peduncled cyme, blue. Calyx-lobes

5, free to base or nearly so. Corolla campanulate, small, hardly bila-

biate; lobes rounded. Stamens 2; filaments short, thick, sinuate;

anthers reniform, large. Ovary oblong; style longer than stamens;

stigma capitate. Capsule follicular, conic, dehiscing along the upper

edge.—Distris. Species 7, of the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.

Flowers 1 or 2 on slender silky scapes 2 to 2°5 in. long .. L. ZL. semitorta.

Flowers few or numerous on dichotomously branched viscidly

hairy peduncles :—

Peduncles 2 to 4 in. long; flowers few or numerous; capsule

ovoid .. oe 57 50 2: .. 2. L. ineana.

Peduncles 6 to 12 in. long; flowers numerous; capsule cornicu-

late .. a0 a: 3c oe .. 3 LL. cerulea.

1. Loxocarpus semiTorTA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.

No. 43, 61 (1905). Stemless. Leaves numerous; ovate or oblong, obtuse,

rather thick, base broad; ‘3 to 1 in. long, ‘25 to ‘75 in. wide; above

green silky, beneath with thick red-woolly raised nerves; petiole

1 to 2°5 in. long, thick, red-woolly. Scapes slender, 2 to 2°5 in. long,

silky; flowers 1 or 2. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, hairy, :125 in. long.

Corolla ‘5 in. long ; tube broad, oblique, pale blue with violet streaks in

the throat; lobes very short and indistinctly marked. Stamens: fila-

ments short, curved; anthers reniform, purple. Ovary and style hairy,

shorter than corolla, larger than stamens. Capsule ‘25 in. long, horn-

shaped, acuminate with the persistent style; base swollen. Dzdymo-

carpus semitorta, Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan V. i. 99, and in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 769

Mazacca: Mount Ophir, Griffith (K.D.) 3836; Maingay (K.D.)

1220; Ridley 3184, and all collectors. On rocks in the stream.

“The Mount Ophir Violet.”

2. LoxocarPus IncANA, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 115, 120

(1840), and Ann. Nat. Sci. XIII. 2, 167. Stemless. Leaves ovate,

cordate, serrulate, subacute, silky-tomentose above and beneath ;

1 to 3 in. long, 75 to 1°5 in. wide; petiole ‘75 to 1 in. long. Peduneles

2 to 4 in. long, above dichotomously branched, viscid-hairy; flowers

few or numerous. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, pubescent, hairy, white

tinted green. Corolla-tube straight, thick; upper lobes oblong, recurved,

lower lobes oblong, blue. laments straight. Pzstil conic; style

stout; stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid; tip upcurved, hairy. Maiq. FI.

Ind. Bat. II. 737. Z. alata, A. DC. Prodr. IX. 277. Didymocarpus

encana, Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II. 1022; Clarke in DC. Monog.

Phan. V. 98, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 352; Ridley in Journ.

Linn. Soc. XX XII. 5121, and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 62.

Loxonia ? alata, Wall. Cat. 809.

PENANG: Government Hill, Waterfall, Curtzs 297; Mazngay (K.D.)

1228; Wallich 809. Prrax: Hermitage Hill, Ridley; Bujong Malacca,

fiidley 9782. Snuancor: Bukit Kutu, Ridley.

3. LOXOCARPUS CHRULEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

62 (1905). Stemless or nearly so. Leaves several ; ovate ; base cordate ;

serrate, inequilateral; 2 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 4 in. wide; silky-hairy

above, tomentose beneath; petiole 2 to 8 in. long, pubescent. Pedun-

cles 6 to 12 in. tall, viscid-hairy; cymes compact or branched with 2 or 3

branches 2 in. long; flowers numerous; bracts lanceolate, narrow.

Calyx-lobes lanceolate, narrow, shorter than the tube. Corolla pubes-

cent, 2-lipped, -4 in. long and wide; tube short, broad, campanulate ;

upper lobes oblong obtuse, lower ones truncate, median one longer,

blue with a violet mouth. Stamens exsert; filaments suddenly thick-

ened in the middle, sigmoid; anthers connate, deep violet. Style

slender. Capsule ‘4 to ‘5 in. long, lanceolate acute, horn-shaped,

upeuryed, viscid. Didymocarpus cerulea, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe.

XXXII. 513. :

Perak: Larut Hills, at 5000 ft. alt., Radley; King’s Collector 6990;

Scortechint 1427; Gunong Bubu, Wray 3809. Sepancor: Bukit

Hitam, Kelsall.

8. Parasaa, Ridley.

Herbaceous plants or with a shrubby stem. Leaves usually ina

rosette, tomentose or hairy. Flowers small, white or pink, in simple or

panicled cymes; peduncle usually long. Calyx small. Corolla white

770 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

explanate, campanulate, with a very short tube, distinctly 2-lipped or

nearly regular; lobes equal, oblong or unequal, blunt. Stamens

2, fertile; filaments thick, short; anthers large, 2-celled, connivent by

the tips. Disk none. Ovary sessile; style longer than the stamens,

stout; stigma small, capitate. Capsule straight, narrow, slender, not

twisted, splitting longitudinally: Distrrs.—Species about 20. Siam-

Malaya.

Corolla-tube, campanulate:— Sect. I. CampanuLatTm :—

Corolla *5 in. long :—

Flowers many in large spreading panicles; leaves sparingly

hispid, opposite A0 30 .. L. P. cordata.

Flowers solitary or few on slender eodunolery —

Peduncles subterminal ; leaves opposite, ovate :—

Leaves hairy on margins and on midrib and nerves

beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered oo . 2. P. campanulata.

Leaves quite glabrous; peduncles branched dichote:

mously, branches l-flowered .. .. 3. P. Scortechinit.

Peduncles sce ; leaves crowded at apex of stem,

lanceolate . 00 .. 4. P. cerulea.

Corolla under 5. in. long ; Homers few; crowed d. P. pyroliflora.

Corolla-tube not campanulate, very short :—Sect. II. Baunae —

Corolla-lobes equal or subequal, if slightly 2-labiate the

lower lip hardly longer than the upper :—

Flowers in compact umbels or cymes on pedicels °5 in.

long or less at the apex of the peduncles :—

Leaves not purple beneath, in a basal rosette ; stem 0:—

Flowers umbellate, pedicels -5 in. long; leaves ochre-

yellow beneath ae : .. 6. P. capitata.

Flowers in compact scorpio cymes ; ieanes pale

beneath : . 7. P. ferruginea.

Leaves purple honcathy crowded ‘at the apex of a short

stem ; flowers umbellate, pedicels :25 in. long .. 8. P. regularis.

Flowers at the apex of slender cyme-branches 1 to 3 in.

long :—

Leaves ochreous-tomentose beneath in a basal rosette;

stem 0 .. teetOn .. 9. P. polita.

Leaves red-woolly ewenthe steaks Qi in. Jong - .. 10. P. vulpina.

Corolla lobes distinctly unequal, these of lower lip

longer than those of upper :— 5

Calyx-lobes lanceolate; leaves obovate, coarsely toothed,

dull green; corolla :25 in. across .. BC Pape Wl So 0 LC

Calyx-lobes oblong or linear oblong obtuse :—

Leaves oblong-elliptic, sparsely hairy; corolla ‘5 in.

across whe OG O06 ae -» 12. P. Curtisit.

Leaves obovate, arachnoid on both sides, yellowish

beneath ; corolla °25 in. across .. 00. .. 13. P. obovata.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. i if

1. ParaBa@a corpata, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

64 (1905). A tall herb, 2 ft. high; stem pubescent. Leaves opposite,

ovate acuminate, ineequilateral at base, dentate, sparingly hispid above

and beneath ; nerves 10 pairs, hairy beneath ; 6 to 7 in. long, 4 in. wide ;

petiole 1 in. long. Peduncles stout, 6 to 8 in. long, pubescent, bearing

a spreading panicle 4 to 6 in. long; bracts in pairs at the base of each

bifurcation, ovate, glabrous, °125 in. long ; pedicels slender, ‘5 in. long,

glabrous. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, free to base, glabrous, °5 in. long.

Corolla campanulate, ‘5 in. long, white tinted violet ; lobes short, equal,

rounded, with 2 rows of glands on each. Stamens2; filaments short; —

anthers subglobose, large ; staminodes minute. Ovary slender, glabrous.

Capsule sausage-shaped, 4-angled, 1:5 in. long, glabrous, rather thick,

splitting on two sides. Seeds minute, deep red, oblong. Dzdymocarpus

cordata, Jack; R. Br. Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 119; Ann. Se. Nat. 2, XIII.

164; Wall. Cat. 781; DC. Prodr. IX. 265; Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 726 ;

Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 84, t. 9, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

300; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 514.

Penane: Wallach 781; Maingay (K.D.) 1224; W. Fox; Curtis 452.

Perak: Lartt Hills, Scortechint 296, 400; Audley 2913, 10682;

King’s Collector 2227, 2331, 6378. Common on rocks at 2000 to 6000

ft. alt.

Var. debilis, Ridley. Rhizome fleshy; stem 6 in. tall, pubescent.

Leaves thin, ovate oblique; base obtuse; apex acute or subacute;

margin crenate dentate; sparingly hispid, 1:5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in.

long. Panicle 4 to 6 in. long, glabrous, weak, few-branched ; branches

short and thin; bracts ovate ; flowers smaller.

Kepaw: Gunong Jerai, Ridley.

Var. ophirensts, Ridley.

Tall and weak. Leaves thin, lanceolate, subacute or acute, narrowed

at the base; 6 in. long, 2 in. wide. Panicle weak, glabrous; bracts

lanceolate ; flowers smaller, white. Capsule smaller, curved, ‘4 in. long.

Mazacca: Mount Ophir, on a big cliff in the forest below Padang

Batu, Ridley 3183.

2. PARABGA CAMPANULATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 65 (1905). Stem slender, herbaceous, 1 ft. tall, shortly hairy.

Leaves opposite, in distant pairs, elliptic acute, entire or obscurely

crenulate; above glabrous except the edge fringed with multicellular

hairs ; beneath glabrous except the midrib and elevated nerves about

12 pairs; scurfily hairy; 2°5 to 3:5 in. long, 1:25 in. wide; petiole

seurfy-hairy ‘125 to :375 in. long. Peduncles subterminal, 1°d in. long,

1-flowered, rufous-hairy ; bracts 2, alternate, linear, minute; pedicel

7d) in. Calyx-lobes linear, hairy, ‘125 in. long. Corolla campanulate, °5

772 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

in. long, apparently white; lobes broad, rounded. Stamens 2, very

short; anthers subglobose. Style slender, pubescent. Capsule (unripe)

cylindric, velvety, °75 in. long, including the style.

SELANGOR: above the Gap on the road to the Sempang mine,

3000 to 4000 ft., Curtzs—a single specimen.

A very distinct plant of a weedy habit, with solitary flowers of the type of

P. cordata.

3. ParaBa@A ScoRTECHINI!, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 66 (1905). Stem herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves opposite; ovate

acuminate; base rounded, ineequilateral; margins crenate; quite glabrous;

nerves 8 pairs ; 3 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. wide; petiole 5 in. long.

Peduncle slender, erect, subterminal, 3 in. long, glabrous; branches

dichotomous, few, 1 in. long; flowers solitary on the ends of the

branches. Calyz-lobes free almost to the base, oblong obtuse, -125 in.

long, glabrous, fleshy. Corolla campanulate, ‘5 in. long, glabrous ;

lobes rounded. Anthers broad, elliptic ; filaments very short.

Prerak: Scortechint (no number or locality).

A single incomplete specimen. The plant is allied to P. cordata, of which it has

quite the flowers, but is quite glabrous.

4, PARABGA CHRULEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

66 (1905). Stem woody, 3 to 4 in. long, ‘125 in. through. Leaves

crowded at the top, narrowly lanceolate, linear acuminate, narrowed

gradually to the base; 4 to 6 in. long, ‘25 in. wide; above dark green,

nearly glabrous; midrib prominent, beneath pale cinnamon colour ;

nerves about 30 pairs joined at the tips. Peduncles slender, axillary,

4 in. long, pubescent, 1- to 2-flowered. Calyx-lobes linear, :125 in. long,

obtuse. Corolla campanulate, ‘5 in. long and nearly as wide at the

base, pubescent, base pale; lobes deep blue, rounded. Stamens 2;

filaments very short, sigmoid; anthers broad, rounded, oblong. Style

fairly stout ; stigma heart-shaped. Capsule very narrow, cylindric, 1 in.

long.

TrineGanu : Bundi, H. Rostado. The upper part of the stem among

the leaves is covered with silvery hairs.

5. PARABGA PYROLIFLORA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 67 (1905). Stem woody, 3 in. tall or more, pubescent. Leaves

alternate, ovate or ovate lanceolate, acuminate at both ends; 3 to 4 in.

long, 1°5 in. wide; entire; bright green, silky pubescent above, beneath

paler ; petiole over 1 in. long, pubescent. Peduncles several from the

late, short-pubescent. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped, white, :4 in.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 773

long; lobes short, rounded. Stamens 2; filaments short and thick ;

anthers large, elliptic. Style thick, curved upwards, longer than the

corolla; stigma very small, capitate. Capsule spreading, 1 in. long,

terete, terminated by rather a long style, glabrous. Didymocarpus

pyroliflora, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, ITI. 330.

Parane: Tahan river woods, Azdley 2164.

6. ParaBa@a capiTaTa, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 438,

67 (1905). Stemless or with a stout rootstock. Leaves in a rosette,

orbicular, base rounded, subpeltate; 6 in. long, 5 in. wide; bright

green, glabrous above, ochre-yellow beneath ; tomentose ; nerves raised,

reticulate; petiole stout, 2 in. long. Pedwunecle slender, 8 in. tall;

flowers numerous in an umbel on the top, with 2 broad, blunt, oblong

bracts, °25 in. long, below. Pedicels ‘5 in. long. Calyx campanulate ;

lobes linear, oblong, obtuse, °3 in. long, green, hairy. Corolla °5 in.

across ; lobes subequal, rounded, white. Fzlaments very short, straight ;

anthersreniform. Style curved up, longer than corolla, white. Capsule

spreading, linear, straight, beaked, 1-5 in. long.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3215; Kamuning, Machado. On

limestone rocks. :

Var. oblongiflora, Ridley. Leaves oblong, narrowed at the base.

Perak: Kuala Dipang and Sungei Siput, Curtis 3107; Tambun

Ridley 9832; Batu Kuran, Scortechini 1581; Goping, King’s Collector

456, 4325.

7. PARAB@A FERRUGINEA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 68 (1905). Stemless or nearly so. Leaves in a rosette, ovate

cordate, obtuse, crenulate; above covered with scattered hairs, below

tomentose with longer hairs, paler ; nerves elevated; 3 in. long, 2°5 in.

wide; petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long. Pedunecles 3 in. long, ferruginous-

tomentose ; cyme compact, scorpioid, ferruginous-hispid. Calyz-lobes

as long as the corolla, green, ferruginous-hispid, lanceolate. Corolla-

tube very short; limb explanate, not bilabiate; lobes broad, obovate,

obtuse, subequal and similar, white or tinted with rose. Stamens 2,

short; filaments broad, spathulate, thick; apex 3-toothed; anthers

conic, connate by the tips. Ovary conic; stigma rounded, entire,

- discoid.

Kepan: Lankawi, on damp rocks, Curtis 2566.

8. PARABG@A REGULARIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.

No. 43, 68 (1905). Stem woody, 1:5 in. long. Leaves crowded at the top,

very unequal, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, base cuneate inequilateral; mar-

gins crenulate; dark green, glabrous above, purple, minutely tomentose

beneath, with elevated nerves; 3 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; petiole 1:5 in.

long, tomentose. Peduncles slender, pubescent, 1 in. long; branches

774 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

very short and slender, :25 in. long, umbelled, brown-tomentose ; bracts

lanceolate, obtuse; flowers few, very small, very shortly pedicelled.

Calyz-lobes lanceolate, brown-tomentose, as long as the corolla-tube.

Corolla hardly :25 in. across, white; lobes oblong, obtuse, equal, not

bilabiate. Stamens 2; filaments sigmoid, thick ; anthers rounded, ovoid.

Style longer than stamens; stigma capitate. Capsule 5 in. long,

cylindric, scabrid, rather thick, straight. Didymocarpus regularis,

Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 515.

Kepau: Lankawi Islands, Curtis.

9. PaRAB@A POLITA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. BR. As. Soc. No. 43,

69 (1905). Stemless. Leaves in a rosette, ovate, crenate, obtuse; base

rounded ; above deep shining green, beneath ochreous tomentose, with

nerves and nervules reticulate; 1 to 8 in. long, 4 to 4°5 in. wide; petiole

4in. long. Peduncle over 1 ft. long, slender, with brown ochreous fur;

branches few, 3 in. long, umbellate; bracts linear, oblong obtuse,

brown-woolly ; pedicels -25 in. long. Calyx-lobes linear, green, :125 in.

long. Corolla sub-bilobed, ‘5 in. across, white, back tinted pink; lobes

rounded. Stamens 2; filaments thickened at the base; anthers orange,

reniform. Style stout, pink at base, white above; stigma capitate.

PerAK: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3214 part.

Ridley thinks it is perhaps a hybrid between P. capitata and P. vuipina.

10. ParaBa@a vuupina, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

69 (1905). Stem 2 in. long, thick, covered with red wool. Leaves

elliptic, rounded at each end, crenulate, above sprinkled with pale

multicellular hairs, beneath covered densely with branched rufous hairs

arranged stellately ; nerves beneath strongly elevated, 6 pairs; reticu-

lations elevated; 1:5 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide; petiole 1 to 3 in.

long, densely red-woolly. Pedwncles slender, 6 to 8 in. long, red, with

a few branched hairs; branches slender, 1 to 3 in. long, trichotomous ;

bracts very small, linear, obtuse, glabrous. Calyx-lobes narrow, linear,

glabrous. Corolla white, ‘25 in. across; lobes rounded, subequal.

Stamens 2; anthers very large, reniform. Style short, thick. Capsule

cylindric, narrow, glabrous.

Perak: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3214; Hot Springs, Ipoh, Curtis

3132. On limestone rocks.

11. ParaBa@a LAxA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

70 (1905). Stem very short, woody, thickly brown-tomentose. Leaves

obovate, coarsely crenate-serrate, narrowed at the base into the winged

petiole; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; dull green, densely hairy,

tomentose on both surfaces. Pedwncle slender, 5 to 6 in. long, termin-

ated by a much-branched umbel of slender branches 3 in. long; pedicels

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 775

slender, :125 in. long; flowers numerous; bracts very small. Calyx

shortly 5-cleft ; lobes lanceolate, short, green. Corolla ‘125 in. across,

white or tinted rosy; upper lobes broad, oblong, recurved; lower lip

shortly trifid ; central lobe broadest. Filaments short, swollen in the

middle; anthers yellow, reniform. Stylelonger than stamens. Capsule

linear, cylindric, straight, ‘5 in. long, tipped with the elongate style.

Kepau: Lankawi at Kwah, Curtrs 2571.

12. ParaBpa@a Curtisii, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

70 (1905). Stemless. Leaves oblong, elliptic, crenate, obtuse; 6 in.

long, 2°5 in. wide; above sprinkled with hairs; petiole rufous-hairy,

1:5 in. long. Scapes 10 in. long, rufous-tomentose, bearing an umbel —

of 4 or 5 branches at the top about 2 in. long; bracts at base of umbel

oblong, obtuse, -25 in. long; pedicels short, rufous-tomentose. Calyx-

lobes linear, oblong, obtuse, hairy, 125 in. long. Corolla ‘5 in. across,

white; buds tinted pink; tube very short; limb bilobed; upper lobes

short, rounded, lower lobes larger. Stamens: filaments very short,

thick, curved; anthers reniform, triangular. Style much longer than

stamens, bent. Ovary cylindric; stigma wide, discoid. Capsule

(unripe) cylindric, acuminate, straight.

PerAK: Bujong Malacca, Curtis 3214.

13. ParaBa@a opovaTa, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

71 (1905). Stem short. Leaves crowded at the top, thin, obovate,

blunt ; base cuneate ; 3 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; thinly arachnoid on both

surfaces, beneath yellowish; petiole -25 in. long. Peduncle slender,

3 to 6 in. long, glabrous; branches few, terminal; bracts narrowly

oblong, obtuse. Calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla :25 in.

across; lower lip longer than upper one; lobes oblong, rounded.

Stamens 2; anthers reniform; filaments short and thick. Style short

and thick; stigma capitate.

KepaH: Lankawi, Gunong Chinchang, Cwrtis. One specimen

only seen. :

9. Baa, Commers.

Herbs or shrublets with a woody stem. Leaves opposite or

- whorled, generally on the back. Peduncles axillary, usually elongate,

laxly or compactly cymose or panicled; bracts small; flowers large or

small, blue or white. Calyx of 5 narrow sepals. Corolla widely

campanulate, with a short tube usually distinctly 2-lipped; lobes ovate,

obtuse. Stamens 2, perfect, with short curved thick filaments; anthers

ovoid, coherent ; cells ovoid. Disk absent. Ovary sessile; style as long,

glabrous above ; stigma small, capitate. Capsule slender, cylindric or

776 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

fusiform-cylindric, when ripe spirally twisted. Seeds minute.—DIstTRIB.

Species about 22 in India, Siam, China, and Malaya.

Corolla limb 1°5 in. across, blue; sepals pubescent .. -. L. B. paniculata.

Corolla limb less than 1 in. across :—

Calyx-lobes more or less pubescent :—

Stems 1 ft. or more in height :—

Corolla blue :—

Leaves white beneath .. ate a5 .. 2. B. verticillata.

Leaves yellowish-brown beneath .. Be .. 3. B. cerulescens.

Corolla white Ale Be 5c .. 8. B. suffruticosa.

Stems under 6 in. in height :—

Leaves arachnoid above; corolla rose-pink a .. 5. B. lanata.

Leaves glabrous above .. ae nie -. 6. B. acutifolia.

Calyx-lobes glabrous :—

Leaves arachnoid above ; corolla white with pink mouth .. 4. B. elegans.

Leaves glabrous above :—

Corolla pale lilac Ms Ke 3 .. 7. B. divaricata.

Corolla white Me =- 56 -. 9. B. parviflora.

DovstruL SPECIES.

10. B. patens. 11. B. glabra. 12. B. ferruginea.

1. Baa panicunata, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 519 (1895).

Stem-base woody, 4 in. or more long, ‘d in. thick; above a rosette of

leaves; upper part of stem 1 ft. or more long, stout, deeply grooved,

white-arachnoid; branches numerous, whorled, erect, 6 in. long,

covered with brown wool. Leaves crowded in a rosette at the top of

the woody portion of the stem, lanceolate acuminate, narrowed for a

long distance at the base; 6 in. long, 1 in. wide; above grey arachnoid,

beneath greyish-white with cinnamon-coloured raised nerves. Flowers

numerous ; pedicels ‘5 in. long; bracts 4 or 5 at each whorl of branches,

leafy. Calyz-lobes short, lanceolate, pubescent, 125 in.long. Corolla-

tube very short ; limb 1°d in. wide, blue; lobes large, rounded, unequal.

Filaments short and thick, -25 in. long. Style curved, as long as

stamens. Capsule ‘75 in. long, thick. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 43, 72°

SELANGOR: limestone rocks, Kuala Lumpur, Kelsall and Rzdley

1970, 1976 and 8226. PrraKk: Sungei Siput, Curtis 3105; Kuala

Dipang, King’s Collector 8271; Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1611. A

superb plant growing in the cracks of limestone rocks.

2. Baa veRTICILLATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 519 (1895).

Stem-base woody, 3 in. or more long, nearly 25 in. in diameter; above

herbaceous, 1°d ft. tall, 4-angled, white-arachnoid with branches whorled,

each whorl 3 in. or less apart. Leaves whorled, lanceolate acuminate,

narrowed at the base into a petiole; 4 in. long, ‘75 in. wide or more;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (sli

above grey-arachnoid, beneath white-arachnoid with raised nerves.

Flowers numerous, blue; bracts leafy, :25 to ‘5 in. long. Calyzx-lobes

lanceolate subulate, arachnoid, -125 in. long. Corolla ‘5 in. wide; lobes

rounded. Stamens very short; anthers pear-shaped. Style much

longer than stamens, straight. Capsule fusiform, acuminate, ‘5 in. long.

Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 73.

SELANGOR: limestone rocks at Kuala Lumpur, Kelsall, Ridley

1975, 8551.

3. Ba@A CHRULESCENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

73 (1905). Whole plant over 2 ft. tall; upper part of stem stout,

grooved, woolly. Leaves oblanceolate, subobtuse, narrowed to the base ;

above dark green, densely pubescent, beneath ochreous covered with

felted wool; 6 to 8 in. long, 1:25 to 2 in. wide; petiole winged to the

base or not. Panicle 2 ft. or more long, large ; branches whorled, yellow-

woolly ; bracts below leaf-like, above linear, narrow, yellow. Calyzx-

lobes lanceolate, woolly. Corolla-tube very short; limb °75 in. across,

pale blue, upper lobe shorter ; lobes rounded ; lower lip unequally lobed,

longer, central lobe longest. Stamens 2; anthers reniform, conic,

large; filaments short, curved. Style bent on the cylindric ovary,

pubescent; stigma large, discoid. Capsule thick, glabrous, -75 in.

long.

Perak: Sungei Siput, Curtis 3137; Kinta, King’s Collector 7175,

7062, 8276.

4. Baa ELEGANS, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 522 (1895).

Stem about 6 in. long, woody, decumbent, -125 in. thick, arachnoid.

Leaves whorled in threes, ‘5 to 3 in. apart, lanceolate acute, narrowed

to the base; 1 to 2°5 in. long, :25 to ‘5 in. wide; above grey-arachnoid,

beneath cinnamon-arachnoid. Pedwncles from the upper axils, slender,

glabrous, 6 in. long; cyme terminal, 3 in. long, with few slender

branches. Calyx very short; lobes lariceolate, glabrous. Corolla ‘5 in.

across, with broad rounded lobes, white-pink in the mouth. Anthers

oblong. Style rather short; stigma clubbed. Capsule 1 in. long,

glabrous, linear, acuminate. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe:

No. 43, 74.

Kepau: Gunong Jerai on granite precipices, Rzdley.

5. Baa tanata, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 520 (1895).

Stem short, stout, woody, 2 in. long, curved, with white wool. Leaves

crowded, lanceolate acuminate, narrowed into the petiole; arachnoid

above, densely woolly beneath ; 3 in. long, °75 in. wide; petiole woolly,

3 in. long, winged to base. Panicles few, branched, axillary, dense,

1 to 5 in. long. Calyx as long as the corolla-tube ; lobes lanceolate,

woolly outside. Corolla thin, ‘5 to ‘75 in. across, glabrous, rose-pink ;

778 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

lobes rounded. Anthers subglobose. Style thick. Capsule ‘5 in. long,

thick, glabrous. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 438, 74.

Kepau: Langkawi, Dayong Bunting, on limestone rocks, Curtis

2569.

6. Baa acutirouia, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soe. XXXII. 519

(1895). Stem woody, 3 in. or more long, :25 in. through; internodes

‘Din. long. Leaves crowded at the top, oblanceolate, acute, narrowed

to the base; 6 in. long, 1:5 in. wide; above glabrous dotted, beneath

cinnamon-arachnoid. Pazicles axillary, 6 in. long ; peduncles arachnoid ;

branches short, slender. Calyz-lobes 3, lanceolate, acute, -125 in. long,

arachnoid. Capsule cylindric, acute, glabrous, ‘75 in. long. Ridley in

Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 75.

Kepau: Langkawi, Goa Chinta, Curtis 2791.

7. Baa pivaricata, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 75

(1905). Stem about 4 in. tall, thick and woody. Leaves in a rosette

on the top, oblanceolate, crenulate, obtuse, narrowed into a winged

petiole ; nerves and nervules beneath elevated, 15 pairs; above glabrous,

beneath covered with a thin brownish tomentum; 7 in. long, 2°5 in.

wide. Peduncles rather stout, terete, smooth, 7 to 16 in. tall ; branches

umbellate, decompound, 1 ft. or more long; pedicels of flowers ‘2 in.

long, covered with brown fur. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute, green,

glabrous, shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla ‘25 in. across, pale

lilac; tube short, dilated; limb bilabiate, lobes rounded. Stamens:

anthers connate, rounded with acute bases; filaments thick, sigmoid.

Style slender; stigma horseshoe-shaped. Capsule cylindric, strongly

twisted, lin. long.

Kepaw: Lankawi, Ayer Hangat, Curtis 3683.

8. Baa suFrrRuticosa, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 518

(1895). A branching shrub, 1 to 2 ft. tall, with rather slender branches

‘125 in. through, angled, slightly arachnoid. Leaves scattered, lanceo-

late, subacute, narrowed at the base; 3 in. long, ‘d in. wide; above

nearly glabrous, punctate, beneath covered with brownish tomentum ;

nerves conspicuous ; petiole ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Panicles axillary, dense,

1 in. long, with short branches brownish-woolly; buds brown-woolly.

Calyz longer than the corolla-tube; lobes linear, lanceolate, thick,

tomentose outside. Corolla :25 to -35 in. across, white; lobes short,

oblong, rounded. Anthers oblong, obtuse. Capsule fusiform, very

thick, -25 in. long, tipped with the long style. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br.

R. As. Soc. No. 43, 76.

Kepax: Langkawi, on a small island north of Kwah, Curtis 3682,

2565.

9. Basa parvirtors, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48,

Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula. rns)

76 (1905). Stem slender, shrubby, branching, covered with ferruginous

tomentum. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate; base cuneate, unequal ;

4 in. long, 1 to 1:25 in. wide; above glabrous, beneath covered with

rusty wool; nerves elevated, 11 pair. Peduncle 6 in. long, slender,

glabrous; panicle umbellate, of 6 slender branches in a terminal whorl ;

branchlets glabrous, numerous, slender; bracts very narrow, linear ;

flowers very small, numerous, white; pedicels slender, 125 in. Calyz-

lobes lanceolate, glabrous, 5. Corolla very small, white; tube very

short; upper lobes subacute, lower ones oblong. Anthers large, reni-

form. Style shorter than anthers. Capsule very slender, cylindric,

‘25 in. long, terminated by the slender style.

Perak: Hot Springs at Ipoh and Sungei Siput, not common,

Curtis 3134; Kinta, King’s Collector 7108. On limestone rocks.

DouBTFUL SPECIES.

10. Baa patens, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXIT. 520 (1895).

Almost stemless. Leaves rosulate, oblong, obtuse, serrulate-crenu-

late, inzequilateral; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; upper surface

softly pubescent, lower pale ferruginous-tomentose; petiole 1 in. long.

Pedunele stout, terete, 18 in. long, softly ferruginous-lanate; branches

long, divaricate, 2-forked; primary bracts oblong, :25 in. long,

secondary smaller; cymules scorpioid, few-flowered; flowers small,

white, -125 in. broad; pedicels -06 in. long. Calyx-lobes free to the

base, short, lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla campanulate, glabrous;

lobes 2 oblong-obtuse, 3 ovate-obtuse, shorter and broader. Stamens

with short slender curved filaments as long as tube; anthers large,

oblong. Pzsttl glabrous; ovary cylindric, attenuated into a slender

little-exsert style; stigma small, scarcely dilated. Capsule -5 in. long,

glabrous, very slender.

SIAMESE States: Pungah, Curtis.

11. Baa auapra, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 521 (1895).

A succulent, glabrous herb; stem short, 1 to 2 in. long. Leaves undu-

late, ovate-rotundate, inzequilateral, 6 in. long, 3:5 in. broad or broader ;

petiole 1 to 2 in. long, thick ; upper leaves smaller, opposite. Pedwncles

- subterminal, 3 to 4 in. long, thick; cymes terminal, congested, scor-

pioid, ‘5 in. long; pedicels short. Calyx-tube short, conical; lobes 5,

equal, obcuneate, truncate, -125 in. long. Corolla white, -5 in. broad ;

lobes rounded, obtuse. Stamens 2; filaments sigmoid, broad at the

base, attenuate above; anthers oblong, acute on both sides, rather

large. Style cylindric, thick, glabrous, curved; stigma scarcely thick-

ened, obliquely ovate.

S1aMESE Srates: Pungah, Curtis 3039.

780 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

12. Baa FeRRUGINEA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 521

(1895). Stemless or with a short thick stem; roots large and thick.

Leaves many, congested, spreading, ovate, cordate, obtuse, crenulate ;

upper surface clothed with sparse hairs, lower green, paler, tomentose,

the raised nerves clothed with long hairs; when dry somewhat black

above, ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; blade 3 in. long, 2°d in. broad ;

petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long. Peduneles 3 in. long, ferruginous-tomentose ;

cyme scorpioid, ferruginous-hispid. Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, as

long as the corolla, green, ferruginous-hispid. Corolla :3 to °d in. broad,

white or pink, spreading; lobes broad, equal, obovate-obtuse; tube

very short. Stamens 2, short; filaments broad, spathulate, 3-toothed

at apex; anthers yellow, conical, cuneate at the tips. Ovary conical,

attenuate in a short, curved, cylindric, narrowed style; stigma rather

broader, flat, entire.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, on damp rocks, Curtis 2566.

Ridley remarks that, not having seen the fruit, he is uncertain as to the

genus.

10. Paoytuospa@a, Benth.

Herbs or half-shrubby plants. Leaves opposite, petioled. Cymes

pedunculate, many-flowered ; bracts large, conspicuous ; flowers large,

pink or blue. Calyx large, 2-lipped; one lip 2-lobed, the other 3-lobed

or of 3 large connate sepals. Corolla broadly campanulate, 2-lipped, 3- to

5-lobed. Stamens 2, short; anthers large, rounded. Capsule lanceolate,

at length twisted—DistRis. Species 2, one Burmese, one Malayan.

PHYLLOB@A sPEcrIosA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 522

(1895). A shrub, 1 or 2 ft. tall; stems white-tomentose. Leaves in distant

pairs, lanceolate-acuminate, 6 in. long, 1:5 in. wide; above glabrous,

beneath white-arachnoid; petiole 1 in. long. Pedwncle stout, lateral,

erect, nearly a foot tall; flowers sessile, scattered ; bracts ovate, lanceo-

late, ‘6 in. long, white-arachnoid. Calyx of 3 sepals, connate,

ovate, oblong, woolly, ‘4 in. long. Corolla 1 in. long, blue; tube

broad ; lobes 3, two oblong-truncate, the third much broader. Stamens

short, not longer than the ovary. Style long, woolly. Capsule 1 in.

long, lanceolate, cylindric, acuminate, woolly.

KepaxH: Langkawi, common on limestone rocks on the small islands,

Curtis 2564.

11. Batca, Clarke.

. Herbs or half-shrubby plants with the habit of Baa. Leaves

oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, more or less tomentose or hairy. Jnflor-

escence racemose or panicled, axillary; flowers small, lilac or white.

Calyz 5-fid. Corolla-tube very short; lobes subequal, rounded. Sta-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 781

mens 4; filaments very short; anthers rounded, connivent. Style

curved, larger than the stamens. Capsule linear cylindric.—DistTRIB.

Species 4 or 5, in Assam, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula.

Ridley says: ‘‘ Most of the few described species are based on flowerless speci-

mens, and are all very similar and closely resemble Bea divaricata in habit, but the

capsule is straight and not twisted. The type-species, however (B. filiformis, Clarke),

has 4.stamens instead of 2. The Malayan one described below differs from these in

habit, and I have seen no fruit, but there is no other genus to which it can be referred

on account of its 4 very short stamens arranged in a circle round the pistil. The

only other genus allied to it is Platystemma, a Himalayan plant with distinctly 2-

lipped flowers.”

Baca BRACHYANDRA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 78

(1905). Stemless. Leaves obovate, serrate, hairy, dark green, obtuse ;

3 in. long by 1:5 in. wide; nerves 6 or 7 pair; covered beneath with

long red hairs; back of leaf punctate. Scape short, few-flowered, about

3 in. long, hairy, unbranched. Calyxz-lobes free nearly to base, linear,

hairy, green, nearly as long as corolla-lobes. Corolla-tube very short ;

lobes broad, rounded, oblong, explanate, subequal, pale lilac, about

‘O in. across. Stamens 4; filaments very short; anthers broad, waxy,

subglobose, connivent round the pistil. Style longer than stamens,

slender, curved, white. Capsule cylindric, narrow, 1 in. long, scabrid,

straight, on pedicels elongated to °5 in.

Kepan: Langkawi, Gunong Chinchang, at Kwala Malacca, Curtis.

Ridley says this plant was found quite dried up in February, 1899, but was

brought in alive and flowered in the Botanic Gardens, Penang.

12. OrcHADocaRPA, Ridley.

Herb or shrublet, with opposite unequal leaves. Flowers small,

blue, racemose or cymose, pedicelled. Calyx-lobes free to base,

narrow-lanceolate. | Corolla-tube short; limb 2-lipped unequally.

Stamens 2; filaments short, exsert, sinuate, glabrous; anthers bilobed,

reniform, connivent by their edges. Ovary hairy, oblong; style short ;

stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, hairy, enclosed in the sepals.—

Distris. One species, Malayan.

ORCHADOCARPA LILACINA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 78 (1905). Stem short to 4 in. long, stout, woody. Leaves

crowded at the top, long-petioled, thin, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,

strongly serrate, covered with closely-felted short hairs; base broad, in-

equilateral; 3 to 7 in. long, 1-5 to 3 in. wide; petiole slender, 3 to 6in. long.

Peduncle 3 to 4 in. long, pubescent, villous, bearing a terminal, pubescent,

umbelliform panicle, or simply racemose. Calyx-lobes linear, pubes-

cent, ‘1 to °2 in. long. Corolla pale lilac-blue ; tube very short ; limb dis-

782 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tinctly bilabiate, upper lip smaller lobes short rounded, lower lip

longer, trifid; median lobe longer than the others, oblong-obtuse,

pubescent across. Stamens 2; filaments from the mouth of the

corolla-tube, thick, twisted at the top; anthers large, reniform. Ovary

oblong, pubescent ; style distinct ; stigma very small, capitate. Capsule

short, oblong, hairy, enclosed in the calyx, beaked.

Perak: Scortechini 406; Gunong Batu Putih, Wray 298, 302.

13. Lepapantuus, Ridley, n. gen.

Herb with fistular stem. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, toothed.

Flowers in axillary or terminal, flexuose, distichous racemes. Calyz-

lobes free nearly to the base, ovate acute. Corolla as long as calyx,

bilabiate; upper lobe much the shorter. Stamens 2 fertile; anthers

elliptic. Ovary elliptic; style long; stigma oblique, entire. Capsule

as long as calyx-lobes, loculicidal; placentz thick, elevated. Seeds

very minute, warted.—Distris. One species.

The plant on which the genus is founded has the habit of Rhyncotecum, but

the fruit is capsular.

[Lepapantuus, Ridley, gen. noy. Herbacea, caule fistuloso. folia opposita,

petiolata, ovata, dentata. Flores distichi in racemis axillaribus vel terminalibus

flexuosis. Calycis lobi fere ad basin liberi, ovati, acuti. Corolla calyci xqualis,

bilabiata, labio superiore multo breviore. Stamina 2 fertilia; anthere elliptice.

Ovarium ellipticum, stylo longo, stigmate obliquo, integro. Capsula calycis lobis

squilonga, loculicida, placentis crassis elevatis. Semina minutissima, verrucosa. ]

LEPADANTHUS FLEXUOSA, Ridley, n.sp. A herb, reaching 18 in. in

height ; stem hairy, fistular. Leaves very thin when dry; ovate, sub-

acute, rounded and slightly unequal at base, strongly toothed; 5 in.

long, 4 in. wide; nerves about 8 to 10 pair, hairy; petiole slender,

3 to 4in. long. Racemes several, pubescent, 3 to 4 in. long, including

the 1 to 1:5 in. long peduncle; rachis flexuose with distant alternate

flowers on capillary secund pedicels ‘5 in. long; bracts in pairs, linear,

deflexed, -125 in. long. Calyz-lobes 5, ovate, acuminate, pubescent,

3-nerved. Corolla small; tube short, thick; upper lip bifid, much

shorter than the lower, glabrous. Stamens 2; filaments extremely

short, adnate to the corolla-tube; anthers elliptic. Ovary elliptic;

style pubescent, as long as calyx-lobes or longer; stigma clavate,

oblique. Capsule :25 in. long, oblong, glabrous. Seeds elliptic, dark

red.

KepAH: inside the caves, Gunong Grenong, Fox 3811 (a poor

specimen only). j

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 783

[L. ruexuosa, Ridley, sp.nov. Herba pubescens caule 40-50 cm. alto fistuloso.

Folia siccitate tenuissima, ovata, subacuta, rotundata, ad basin parum inequalia,

dentata; 12 cm. longa, 10 cm. lata; nervi utrinque 8-10, pubescentes; petiolus

gracilis, 7-10 cm. longus. Racemi plures, pubescentes, cum pedunculo 7-10 cm.

longi; rhachis flexuosa, floribus alternis distantibus, pedicellis secundis capillaribus ;

bractee gemine lineares deflexe, 3 mm. longer. Calycis lobi 5, ovati, acuminati,

pubescentes, trinervii. Corolla parva, tubo brevi crasso; labium superius bifidus,

inferiori multo brevius. Stamina 2; filamenta brevissima, tubo corolle adnata.

Ovarium ellipticum ; stylus pubescens, calycis lobis equilongus vel longior ; stigma

clayatum, obliquum. Capsula 6-7 mm. longa, oblonga, glabra. Semina elliptica nigro-

rubra.

Peninsunta Mauayana: in Proy. Kedah in specubus ad Gunong Grenong.|

14. RuyncHoguossum, Blume.

Herbs, succulent and nearly glabrous. Leaves opposite, thin.

Raceme terminal, lax; flowers pendent. Calyx campanulate, toothed

or lobed. Corolla-tube cylindric, narrowed above; limb bilobed; upper

lobe very short bifid, lower much longer, 3-lobed. Stamens 2 perfect,

affixed to the middle of the corolla-tube; anthers connivent; cells

ellipsoid, parallel; staminodes 2, or absent. Disk cylindric. Ovary

ovoid, glabrous; style longer; stigma dilate. Capsule included in the

calyx, ellipsoid, membranous, 2-valved. Seeds narrowly ellipsoid,

smooth.—Distris. Species 2, in India, Malaya and the Philippines.

RHYNCHOGLOSSUM OBLIQUUM, Blume Bijdr. 741 (1826). Succulent

herb, 20 in. tall. Leaves 1 to 3 in long, ‘d to 1 in. wide; glabrous or

nearly so, ovate-acuminate; petiole ‘5 in. long or less.. Hacemes

lax, about 6 in. long; flowers numerous, pale to deep violet; brac-

teoles filiform, ‘1 to -2in. long. Calyx tubular, :25 in. long, enlarged

in fruit; lobes triangular or lanceolate. Corolla ‘6 in. long; lower lip

several times longer than the upper one, subtrilobed. Capsule ellip-

soid, ‘3 in. long. DC. Prodr. IX. 274; Clarke in DC. Monog.

Phan. V. 161, in Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 88, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 367; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 438, 79.

R. Blumei, DC. Prodr. IX. 274. Waulfenra intermedia, Wall. Cat. 408.

Loxotis. intermedia, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 57; G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl.

Pl. 1V"664. L. obliqua, B. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 102, &. 24; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 731, t. 35, fig. 3.

Perak: Larut Hills, For; Batang Padang, Wray 1447, at 2000 ft.

elevation.—Distris. Tenasserim and Malay Islands.

15. HprtHema, Blume.

Small rock-herbs, succulent, pubescent; stems simple or branched.

Leaves few, alternate or opposite above, petioled or sessile; ovate,

usually cordate. Peduncles long, from the upper axils, erect; bract

784 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

single, ovate or cucullate; flowers small, blue or white, in a scorpioid

cyme on short pedicels. Calyx campanulate ; lobes 5, acute. Corolla-

tube short ; limb distinctly 2-lipped; lobes acute or obtuse, subequal.

Stamens : 2 posterior perfect, 2 anterior ones sterile, shorter ; anthers co-

herent. Disk unilateral or almost surrounding the ovary. Ovary

ovoid; style longer; stigma subcapitate. Capsule globose, enclosed in

the enlarged calyx on a thickened and a longer pedicel, splitting trans-

versely (a pyxis). Seeds ellipsoid or oblong, spirally reticulate.

Distrip. Species about 6 Asiatic, all very closely allied, and one

African.

EPITHEMA SAXATILE, Blume Bijdr. 738 (1826). Succulent herb,

3 to 12 in. tall; stem viscid, pubescent. Leaves very variable,

opposite, ovate cordate, denticulate or crenulate, hairy; 1°5 to 6 in.

long, 1 to 5 in. across; petiole 25 to 1:5 in. long. Peduncle 1 to 2 in.

long, viscid; cyme 7d in. across, subtended by a broad sessile truncate

denticulate bract ; flowers numerous, subsessile. Calyx viscid, pubes-

cent, tubular, split about half-way down into 5 narrow lobes °25 in. long.

Corolla-tube as long, straight, white; three upper lobes oblong, obtuse,

tipped with violet; lower two connate, broader, subovate, denticulate,

thinner, pellucid, tipped mauve with darker central spots; mouth of tube

inside hairy. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs; filaments incurved, adnate to the

mouth of the tube, white; anthers 2, oblong, connate, yellowish.

Ovary ovoid, enclosed in a fleshy truncate yellow disk; style stout,

glabrous; stigma capitate. Capsule globose, pubescent, surrounded by

the much enlarged ovate acute sepals and borne on the thickened

elongate to -125 in. pedicel, cireumsciss. Seeds very numerous, brown,

elliptic, fusiform, spirally ribbed. DC. Prodr. IX. 278; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 736; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. 55; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan.

VY. 178; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 80.

Kepaw: Langkawi Islands, Curtis 2107. Prrax: Telor Pinang

Ipoh, fiidley; Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1580; King’s Collector 10941 ;

Sungei Ryah, Kunstler 283; Goping, King’s Collector 5872. SELANGOR:

Kuala Lumpur Caves, Ridley 8217. Panane: Kota Glanggi, Ridley.

—Distris. Java, Borneo, Sumatra. On limestone rocks.

16. Monopoyituaa, R. Br.

Succulent herbs with an unbranched stem and one large herbaceous

cordate-ovate sessile leaf. Peduncles numerous, from the leaf-base, with

racemose or cymose inflorescence ; flowers small. Calyx deeply 5-clett ;

lobes elliptic, obtuse. Corolla small, usually white; tube short, cylin-

dric; limb distinctly 2-lipped, lobes 5. Stamens 4 perfect; filaments

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 785

short; anthers cohering in pairs or altogether. Dzsk unilateral or a

complete ring. Ovary 1-locular; style short; stigma capitate. Cap-

sule membranous, enclosed in the enlarged calyx, irregularly splitting.

Seeds oblong, minute, reticulate-—Distris. Species 7, of the Malay

Peninsula and Islands, and Siam.

Leaf glabrous; calyx-lobes not spreading in fruit

Calyx-lobes ovate, rounded; flowers white 3¢ se 1. M. Horsfieldit.

Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute; flowers white and brown .. 2. M. glabra.

Leaf strigosely hairy; calyx-lobes spreading in fruit He 3. M. patens.

1. Monorppytit#a Horsrieppu, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. 121

Gist0), and Ann, Sc: Nat. 2, XIII: 160. Stem 6 in. to 1 ft.

tall. Leaf ovate-cordate, 6 to 12 in. long, 1 to 12 in. wide; glabrous,

glaucous beneath. Racemes 2 to 7, often stout, 9 in. long; flowers

numerous, subsecund; pedicels -25 in. long, glabrous. Calyz-lobes

glabrous, rounded, ovate, ribbed. Corolla-tube short, cylindric ; upper

lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed; lobes rounded, white. Stamens 4, didyna-

mous, glabrous; anthers connate. Style short, glabrous; pistil sub-

globose. Capsule globose, enclosed in the enlarged calyx-lobes. Seeds

oblong, brown, reticulate, very numerous. DC. Prodr. 1X. 274; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 731; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 182, and in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 370; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 82.

SeLANGOR: Kuala Lumpur Caves, Curtis ; Beccart. PERAK: Goping,

King’s Collector 443, 515.—Distr1s. Sumatra: Batu Pantih (Forbes

2660); Java (Lobb). On limestone rocks.

2. MoNoPHYLL#/A GLABRA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 82 (1905). Stem succulent, 6 in. to 1 ft. tall. Leaf ovate-

cordate, obtuse, glabrous; glaucous beneath ; 2°5 to 6 in. long, 2 to 6 in.

wide. Racemes slender, glabrous, 4 to 10, 2 to 8 in. long, lax;

flowers numerous, in pairs; pedicels slender, -25 in. long, spreading,

deflexed. Calyx-lobes :125 in. long in fruit, lanceolate, acute, glabrous,

not spreading. Corolla brown and white. Capsule enclosed in the

sepals, cylindric, oblong.

S1smMEsE States: Kasum, Cwrtzs 3219.

3. MonoPHYLLHA PATENS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 48, 82 (1905). Stem 1 to 4 in. long, viscid-hairy. Leaf

ovate-cordate to ovate-lanceolate, strigose, hairy; 6 in. long, 4 to 6

in. across. Racemes slender, 4 to 20, pubescent, 4 to 5 in. long;

flowers in pairs; pedicels slender, pubescent, -25 in. long in fruit.

Calyxz-lobes lanceolate, hairy, spreading in a stellate manner in fruit,

ribbed. Corolla-tube short ; lobes white. Stamens 4, glabrous, didy-

786 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

namous. Ovary ovoid; style short, thick, glabrous. Capsule globose,

glabrous. Seeds numerous, black, tessellated.

SeLancor: Kuala Lumpur Caves, Ridley 8222 ; King’s Collector 7052.

Perak : Kinta, Curtis 3136; Sungei Siput, Curtis 3135; Batu Kuran,

Scortechint 1574, 1579; Goping, Kunstler 449. On limestone rocks.

17. STAURANTHERA, Benth.

’ Herbs, succulent, pubescent. Leaves alternate, the opposite ones

reduced, falcate, elliptic, acuminate, inequilateral. Cymes peduncled,

lax ; bracts small; flowers medium-sized, showy. Calyx campanulate ;

lobes 5. Corolla campanulate, rounded ; tube short, shortly spurred or

gibbous ; limb 2-lipped; lobes rounded, nearly equal. Stamens 4 per-

fect; anthers connate, bilocular, bases diverging. Ovary subglobose or

ovoid, no disk; style short. Capsule depressed, globose, irregularly

split. Seeds minute, obovoid-reticulate-—DistRip. Species3. Assam

and Malay Islands.

Flowers large, base of corolla spurred .. ce .- L. S. grandiflora.

Flowers small, base of corolla not spurred as .. 2. S. umbrosa.

1. STAURANTHERA GRANDIFLORA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 57 (1835).

Succulent herb with a fleshy stem about 6 in. tall. Leaves 6 in. long

by 4 in. wide or less; oblong, obtuse, crenulate; deep green above,

bullate, glabrous, inzequilateral, pubescent on both sides; petiole 1 in.

long. Cyme short, pubescent, 3 in. long, with a few (9) large flowers ;

bracts short, ovate; flowers 1:25 in. across. Calyx-lobes lanceolate,

ovate, pubescent. Corolla-tube short and broad, with a short spur at

the base; lobes short, broad, rounded, violet with a central yellow bar

. reaching to the spur. Stamens subequal, 4 ; filaments slender; anthers

connate. Ovary ovoid ; style shorter than the stamens ; stigma capitate.

Capsule 2 in. broad. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 190, and in Hook.

f. Hl. Br. Ind. IV. 371; G. Don Gen. Syst..Dichi el iyearbbo.

S. grandzfolia, Dictr. Syn. Pl. III. 582; R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar.

121, and Ann. Se. Nat. 2, XIII. 167; DC. Prodr. IX. 278; Hook. Bot.

Mag. t. 5409; Floral Mag. Ser 1 (1866), t. 272; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II.

735; Clarke Comm. & Cyrt. Beng. t. 89 bis; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br.

R. As. Soc. No. 43, 83. Glossanthus 2? grandiflora, Benth. in Wall. Cat.

6395.

PenanG: Wallich 6395 ; rocks near Balik Pulau, Curtis. Prax:

Larut, King’s Collector 2248.—Disrris. Burma. Rare, on rocks.

2. STAURANTHERA UMBROSA, Clarke in Comm. & Cyrt. Beng.

t. 89 (1874). Stem 3 to 6 in. tall. Leaves ovate, oblong, falcate,

inequilateral, strigosely hairy especially beneath ; 6 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 787

in. wide. Cymes spreading, few- to 10-flowered; peduncles and pedicels

hairy. Calyx shortly 5-lobed, cup-shaped; lobes triangular, ‘25 in.

long in flower, larger and spreading in fruit. Corolla ‘5 in. long,

white with a violet spot in the centre. Ovary unilocular. Capsule

circumsciss near the base. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. 189, and in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 731; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 83. Cyananthus umbrosa, Griff. Notul. 1V.154; Ic. Pl. Asiat.

t. 437.

Perak: Telok Pinang, near Ipoh, Ridley 9773; Kinta, King’s Col-

lector 7144. SrLANcor: woods at the Kuala Lumpur Caves, Eizdley

8224. Panana: Tahan Woods, Ridley 2183. JoHorE: Gunong Panti,

fiidley 4166.—Distris. Assam. A ground plant in damp rocky woods.

18. RayncHotecum, Blume.

Shrubs, little branched, young parts red-woolly. Leaves opposite

or alternate. Cymes axillary, decompound ; flowers small, numerous.

Calyx 5-cleft nearly to the base; lobes narrow. Corolla small, campanu-

late; limb 2-lipped; lobes 5, ovate or oblong, subequal. Stamens 4

perfect, affixed to near the corolla base; filaments short, curved;.

anther-cells 2, subparallel. Ovary sessile, ovoid; disk very small,

annular or absent; style much longer than ovary; stigma subcapitate.

Berry small, globose, with persistent style ; pericarp pulpy. Seeds very

small, smooth.—Distris. Species 9, Indo-Malayan.

RHYNCHOTECUM PARVIFLORUM, Blume Bijdr. 775 (1826). A little-

branched shrub about 3 ft. tall, leafy above, upper parts ferruginous-

hairy. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, acute, cuneate at the base, serrate ;

8 in. long, 3°5 in. wide; dark green, glabrous above except the midrib, :

covered with red wool beneath, thickest on the nerves ; nerves 13 pairs ;

petiole 1 in. long. Cymes numerous, short, from the lower part of the

stem, laxly branched, red-woolly ; flowers very small, yellowish-white.

Calyx-lobes nearly free to the base, linear-lanceolate, acute, woolly, -125

in. long. Corolla little longer than the calyx-lobes, campanulate ; lobes

oblong, obtuse, white. Stamens 4, very short ; filaments short and thick.

_ Style longer than the ovary. Capsule ovoid-globose, hairy, shorter than

the sepals. G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. IV. 663; Dietr. Syn. Pl. III. 581;

DC. Prodr. IX. 285; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. (1854) 55; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 750; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan VY. i. 195, and in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 373; Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 523, and in Journ.

Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 84. Isanthera parviflora, Ridley in Trans.

Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, IIT. 331.

Prenane: Wallich; Pulau Betong and Penara Bukit, Curtis 3035 ;

788 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Perak: Lartt Hills, Ridley; King’s Collector 2237; Scortechint 1222.

Panana: Kuala Tahan, Ridley 2171.—Distrip. Java, Sumatra.

19. CyrranDRoM@A, Zoll.

Shrubs with square stems, leafy above. Leaves opposite, subequal,

herbaceous, ovate elliptic or lanceolate, serrate, petioled. Flowers 1 to

many, in axillary or basal cymes; bracts 2 in the middle of the pedicel.

Calyx tubular, shortly 5-toothed or lobed, enlarged in fruit, usually red.

Corolla large, white, tubular, thin, glabrous; tube dilated at apex ; lobes

rounded, subequal. Stamens 4 perfect, in 2 pairs, subsimilar ; filaments

linear; anthers ovoid, small. Prstil longer than stamens; stigma

cup-shaped. Capsule globose or oblong, enclosed in the enlarged calyx,

opening irregularly; walls membranous. Seeds numerous, sinuate, -

oblong, obtuse, ribbed, reticulate.—Distris. Species 10, Malayan.

Flowers solitary, axillary ; corolla nearly 1 in. long .. .. 1. CG. acuminata.

Flowers in lax many-flowered cymes :—

Cymes slightly supra-axillary ; corolla about 2 in. long .. 2. CG. megaphylla.

Cymes borne on base of stem or on upper portion below the

leaves ; corollalin.long .. Bh 30 .. 8. C. grandis.

1. CyRTANDROMGA ACUMINATA, Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. Pl. II.

1020 (1876). A shrubby plant, 3 to 4 ft. long; stem rather weak,

hollow, young parts pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, narrowed

into the petiole, acute, serrate, strigose, pubescent above, also on

the nerves beneath ; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; petiole 1 in. long.

Flowers solitary, axillary, on short :125 in. long, lanceolate, slender,

hispid peduncles with 2 very small linear bracts in the middle. Calyx

tubular, ‘d in. long, glabrous, with short teeth, dull red. Corolla nearly

straight, 1 in. long ; tube thick ; lobes rounded, white. Capsule oblong,

4-angled, ‘25 in. long. Seeds minute, deeply reticulate. Clarke in DC.

Monog. Phan. V. i. 185, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 370; Ridley in

Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 86. Cyrtandra? acuminata, Wall.

Cat. 1808. Busea subsessilis, Mig. El. Ind. Bat. IL. 733.

TRINGGANU : Bundi, Rostado; Penane: Porter in Wallich’s Collector,

808; Maingay (K.D.) 1232-2; King; Tonoh, Machado. Prrax:

Larut Hills, Aadley 2917; Scortechint 83, 329; King’s Collector 5342,

2139. SELANGOR: Ginting Bidai, Ridley. Nari Sempiian: Bukit

Sulu, Cantley.

_ 2, CYRTANDROMGA MEGAPHYLLA, Hemsley in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1555

(1884). Herb about 3 ft. tall; stem bluntly 4-angled, pithy in the

centre, pubescent. Leaves opposite, subequal, herbaceous, ovate,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 789

acutely acuminate, coarsely serrate, base rounded or subcordate; 6 to

10 in. long, 3 in. wide ; pubescent ; petiole 3 to 5 in. long. Cymes from a

little above the axils, lax, many-flowered. Calyx tubular, pubescent,

shortly 5-toothed, ‘5 in. long, inflated in fruit. Corolla about 2 in.

long, white, obliquely infundibuliform; lobes rounded, subequal.

Ovary perfectly bilocular. Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 523,

and in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 86.

Perak: Lartt Hills at 2100 ft. alt., Wray; Scortechini 584 ; Gunong

Batu Putih, King’s Collector 8155. Sruancor: Ginting Peras, Ridley

7602.

3. CYRTANDROM@A GRANDIS, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soe.

No. 43, 87 (1905). A large shrub, several feet tall ; base of stem woody,

‘) in. through, glabrous. Leaves opposite, equal, herbaceous, lanceolate

acuminate, glabrous, narrowly acuminate at the base ; margins dentate ;

12 in. long, 4 in. wide ; nerves elevated, 10 pairs; petiole 1 to 1:25 in.

long. Cymes large, lax, borne on the base of the stem, and on the upper

part below the leaves, many-flowered, 2°5 to6 in. long, pubescent ; pedi-

cels -25 in. long. Calyx tubular, pubescent, with linear lobes, red, ‘5 in.

long. Corolla white, 1 in. long; tube straight, thick; lobes rounded.

Capsule globose, ‘5 in. long, enclosed in the enlarged calyx. Seeds

minute, black, oblong, ribbed and reticulate.

Perak: Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector 10150; Gunong Batu Putih,

King’s Collector 8155. Srnancor : Kuala Lumpur, Curtis; Ridley 10498 ;

15th mile Pahang Track, Ridley 8552; Bukit Hitam, Ridley 7576.

20. CyrTANDRA, Forst.

Half-shrubby plants, terrestrial or rarely epiphytic; stems often

branched, usually tall. Leaves opposite, subequal or one smaller.

Cymes axillary, on long or short peduncles, many-flowered ; bracts large

or small, free or connate ; bracteoles ovate or narrowed or absent. Calyx

tubular, 2- to 6-lobed, usually 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate. Corolla-tube

short, usually pubescent, infundibular, straight ; lobes 5, subequal or

more or less distinctly 2-lipped, usually white-spotted or marked with

yellow-brown or red. Stamens 2, perfect, shortly exsert or included,

affixed to the corolla; anthers bilocular, connivent, free or coherent ;

staminodes small, 2 to 3. Dzsk annular or unilateral. Ovary ovoid or

oblong ; style long, filiform ; stigma sub-bilobed. Berry sausage-shaped

or ovoid, firmly fleshy, usually beaked with the persistent style. Seeds

numerous, minute, ellipsoid, smooth or obscurely reticulate-——DistTRis.

About 170 species, in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago eastwards

to Polynesia.

790 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bracts free :—

Leaves of a pair with one usually manifestly smaller than the

other, sometimes entirely suppressed, or less frequently (C. pen-

dula) reduced to a subulate process opposite the perfect leaf :—

Leaves 12 in. long, their margins strongly toothed especially

towards the apex, all quite alternate from suppression of one

of each pair ; calyx 5-lobed ; corolla 5 in. long .. . 1. CG. dispar.

Leaves 7 to 9 in. long, their margins entire or ateteooalle

(C. pendula sometimes) crenate :—

Bracts ovate acute; leaves with one of each pair usually

smaller than the other and sometimes (C. falcata often)

suppressed entirely; leaf-margins always entire; calyx

5-lobed :—

Bracts 1 in. long; leaves 7 to 9 in. long, main nerves

about 12 pairs, prominent, both leaves of each pair

always present and the two sometimes subequal ; corolla

over | in. long An : 5c .. 2 C. suffruticosa.

Bracts ‘5 in. long; leaves 7 to 8 in. long ; main nerves

about 10 pairs, not prominent, one leaf of each pair always

smaller than the other and sometimes entirely ets

corolla unknown ais . 8. C. falcata.

Bracts lanceolate-acuminate ; isages 8 in. tenes with one

of each pair reduced to a subulate process; margins entire

or sometimes crenate ; calyx 2-fid; corollal-5in. long .. 6. C. pendula.

Leaves of a pair always subequal :—

Margins of leaves serrate: calyx ‘5 in. long, 2-fid; corolla

1 in. long oe .. 4. C. pilosa.

Margins of leaves rents. Gist 1 5i in. gig. 3- fid ; corolla

1-5in.long .. .. 5. C. lanceolata.

Bracts connate in a large eit cup; eae of a pair always

subequal Pe 25 ae Be .. 7. C. cupulata.

1. CyrtanpRA pispaR, DC. Prodr. IX. 282 (1845). Shrub with a

stout, pale, reticulate, fistular stem; obscurely 4-angled. Leaves alter-

nate, obovate oblanceolate, inzequilateral, petioled ; strongly toothed, es-

pecially at the apex; glabrous above, red-pubescent beneath ; 12 in. long,

4 in. wide; petiole 1 in. long. Flowers small, very numerous, in axil-

lary cymes ; pedicels ‘25 in. long, hispid. Calyx persistent, cup-shaped,

with 5 lanceolate, acuminate, hairy lobes. Corolla white, ‘5 in. long;

tube dilated upwards, hairy outside; lobes short, obtuse, rounded.

Stamens shorter than the tube; abortive ones very much reduced.

Pistil hairy. Berry ‘25 in. long, oblong, ellipsoid, hairy. Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 742 ; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 203, t. 23, and in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 375; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

88. C. frutescens, Wall. Cat. 807 partly, not of Jack.

PENANG: Government Hill, Curtis 1204; Wallich 807; (part);

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 791

Maingay (K.D.) 1232. Perak: Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9703; Lartt

Hills, Radley and Fox, Scortechina 367, 1231; Wray 2196; King’s

Collector 2052, 5131, 3891.—Distris. Sumatra.

2. CYRTANDRA SUFFRUTICOSA, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. 2, III.

330 (1893). A large shrub, 4 ft. tall, with hollow 4-angled pale stems

‘25 in. thick. Leaves opposite, one of each pair often very much

smaller alternately on one side or the other; lanceolate, abruptly

acuminate, subfaleate, inequilateral; edges entire ; nerves conspicuous,

about 12 pairs; glabrous when adult, young leaves and petioles red-

pubescent ; 7 to 9 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in. wide; petiole ‘5 to -75 in. long.

Peduneles short and thick, axillary ; bracts free, ovate acute, pubescent,

1 in. long, ‘5 in. across ; flowers about 6 ina head, nearly sessile. Calyx

deciduous; sepals linear. Corolla glabrous, over 1 in. long; base cylin-

dric, dilated upwards ; lobes rounded, obtuse, white with brown streaks

in the throat. Anthers large, elliptic. Style pubescent. Berry 75 in.

long, sausage-shaped. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 89.

Perak: Scortechint 142; Gopeng, King’s Collector 4720; Kota

Bahru, King’s Collector 569; Tupai, Lartt, Wray 2845. JonHorE:

Tengarah, Melding; Pulau Tiuman, Fidley. On rocks.

Ridley says it is nearly allied to a Bornean species, C. oblongifolia, Clarke, but

much larger in all parts. It is generally found growing on rocks or (King’s Collector

4720) from the top of a high tree. Wray describes the flowers as ‘‘ white marked in

the throat with dark claret: bracts green without, claret within; fruit light green,

finely spotted, paler.”

3. CYRTANDRA FALCATA, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43,

89 (1905). Epiphytic shrub, about 2 ft. tall; stem quadrangular, fistu-

lose, pale. Leaves lanceolate acuminate, falcate; alternate, often with

small opposite ones; glabrous when adult; narrowed at the base into

the petiole; nerves about 10 pairs ; 7 or 8 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; petiole

1 in. long, pubescent. Cymes axillary, ‘125 in. shortly peduncled;

bracts broadly ovate, acute, pubescent, ‘5 in. long; flowers few, shortly

pedicelled. Fruit fusiform, ‘5 in. long.

Perak: Wray 2845; Scortechini 142. SmLANGOR: woods round the

_ Kuala Lumpur Caves, Ridley 8219.

Allied to C. oblongifolia, Hook. f., and C. suffruticosa, Ridley, but the leaves are

much narrower than those of the latter, and thinner and with more conspicuous nerves

than those of the former.

4, CyRTANDRA PILOSA, Blume Bijdr. 770 (1826). Shrub with stout

4-angled hollow stems as much as ‘d in. through, 3 ft. tall, upper parts

pubescent. Leaves opposite, obovate, narrowed into a winged petiole ;

margins serrate; above more or less covered with pale hairs from a

792 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

swollen base, in old leaves often glabrescent, beneath covered with red

hairs on the nerves; nerves prominent 10 to 12 pairs; 8 to 18 in. long,

3 to4 in. wide. Cymes small, nearly sessile, axillary; bracts ovate or

lanceolate acuminate, hairy, 1 in. long. Calyx tubular, hairy, ‘5 in.

long, bifid. Corolla white, 1 in. long, silky-hairy ; tube infundibuliform,

stout; upper lobes oblong obtuse, lower two connate, shortly bifid,

obtuse, punctate above. Stamens little longer than the tube; filaments

glabrous; abortive stamens short. Fruit ovoid, conic, acute, brown,

reticulate-tessellate, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long. G. Don Gen. Syst. IV. 661; DC.

Prodr. IX. 282; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 742; Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. 55 ;

Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V. i. 231, and in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

375; Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 90. C. decurrens,

De Vriese Pl. Ind. Bat. Reinwdt.14; Mig. l.c. 746; Clarke ll.cc. 231,

375.

Penane: Penara Bukit, Wallich 807, on banks in forests. PERAK:

Lartt Hills, Radley 2915; Curtis 2897; Scortechini 354, 270; King’s

Collector 5588. Srtanecor: Bukit Kutu, Ridley 7574, Bukit Hitam,

Pahang Track, 8560, 8554. Neer Sempinan: Bukit Tanga, Napver ;

Bukit Sulu, Cantley. JoHore: Gunong Panti, Ridley; Bukit Tanah

Abang, Kelsall—Distris. Tenasserim to New Guinea. In rocky

woods up to about 2000 ft. altitude.

Ridley says he is unable to separate specifically the forms described respectively

under the names of C. pilosa, Bl., and C. decurrens, De Vr., at least as far as applies

to the variety Wallichii of the latter. The main distinction seems to be in the

amount of hairiness of the leaves, in which point the plant seems very variable.

5. CYRTANDRA LANCEOLATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII.

527 (1895). Stem about 1 ft. tall, quadrangular, upper part pubescent,

the base bare. Leaves oblanceolate acute, narrowed at the base, crenu-

late, almost entirely glabrous; 12 in. long, 4 in. wide. Cymes at the

base of the stem below the leaves very shortly peduncled, lax, many-

flowered ; pedicels -75 in. long, hispid; bracts lanceolate, small, hispid.

Calyz 1:5 in. long, tubular, hispid; lobes 3, linear-acuminate. Corolla

1:5 in. long, dilated above, pubescent, white, throat yellow. Anthers

long, narrowed above. Style 1 in. long, pubescent; stigma bilobed;

lobes oblong, linear. Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 48, 91.

JoHorE: Gunong Panti, Fidley.

6. CyRTANDRA PENDULA, Blume Bijdr. 768 (1826). Stem 1 or 2 ft. tall.

Leaves alternate, ovate cordate or lanceolate, entire or crenate; dark

green and glabrous above, often barred with white and covered with

reddish tomentum beneath; 8 in. long, 4 to 6 in. wide; petiole 3 to 6 in.

long, opposite leaf in each internode reduced to a subulate process

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 793

Capitulum of 20 flowers on peduncles 4 in. long, decurved, appressed-

hairy ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, hairy; flowers shortly pedicelled.,

Calyx-tube ‘5 in. long, thin, shortly bifid. Corolla-tube 1:5 in. long ;

base narrow, curved, ventricose upwards, cream-coloured or pale yellow,

hairy ; upper lip of two rounded lobes, lower of three broader oblong

rounded ones, all creamy white or pale yellow with purple spots in the

mouth and tube. Stamens 2, glabrous; filaments purplish, sinuate ;

anthers oblong, connivent. Style stout, white; stigma transversely

oblong. Frwt sausage-shaped, °5 in. long.” G. Don Gen. Syst. Dichl.

Pl. IV. 660; DC. Prodr. IX. 281 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 739 ; Hook. Ic.

Pl. t. 736; Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. V.i. 242; Ridley in Journ. Str.

Br. R. As. Soc. No. 43, 91. C. bicolor, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soe. XIV.

24; DC. lc.; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 375; Mig. Lc.

Perak: Larut Hills, Curtis 2036; Scortechint 142 and 254; Wray

2845 ; Ulu Bera, King’s Collector 10810. Srnancor: Kuala Lumpur,

Bukit Hitam, Ridley. Sunaxur Usone: Bukit Sulu, Cantley. Matacca:

Maingay. Panane: Kuala Tembeling, Adley. Jonore: Gunong

Panti, Pulau Tiuman. Sinearore: Bukit Timah, Ridley 2703 ; King.—

Distris. Java and Sumatra.

7. CyRTANDRA CupPULATA, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII. 527

(1895). A shrubby plant 2 or 3 ft. tall; stem terete or more or less

4-angled above, covered with red hair. Leaves opposite, equal, very

variable, oblanceolate with an acuminate base, serrately toothed ; scantily

hairy above, more hairy beneath ; petiole sometimes winged to the base,

villous, 1 in. long; blade 12 in. long, 4 in. wide. Pedwneles ‘5 in. long,

axillary in pairs, villous; bracts connate in a white hairy cup 1 in.

long; bracteoles short, lanceolate, acute, white; flowers numerous,

opening singly, little longer than the bract. Corolla 1 in. long, curved,

infundibuliform, 2-lipped, pubescent, white, yellow and brown in the

mouth ; lobes 5 subequal, ovate, obtuse. Stamens included, 2. Pistal

short; ovary oblong, with a terminal tuft of hair; style short, curved ;

stigma clavate, bilobed. Fruit 5 in. long, fusiform. Ridley in Journ.

Str. Br. R. As. Soe. No. 48, 92.

Perak: Tapa, Wray 1389 and 191; Ulu Bubong, King’s Collector

10250; Larut Hills, Scortechina 366; Chanderiang, King’s Collector

5833, in wet woods. Mazacca: lower slopes of Mount Ophir, fzdley

7575; Sungei Buluh, Rzdley 10550. Panane: Tahan Woods, Ridley

2150.

794 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Family XC.—VERBENACES.

Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or verticillate (apparently

alternate in Geunsia), simple, digitate or pinnate (Peronema); stipules

none. Inflorescence cymose, racemose or spicate, often in panicles;

bracts usually small, sometimes leafy ; flowers hermaphrodite or some-

times polygamous, generally irregular, often brightly coloured, some-

times with coloured calyx or enlarged coloured involucre. Calyx

inferior, gamosepalous, 5- to 4- (rarely 6- to 8-) lobed, often accrescent.

Corolla gamopetalous ; tube usually cylindric or dilated above, often

curved ; limb 2-lipped or subequally lobed; lobes 4 or 5, rarely more.

Stamens usually 4 didynamous, sometimes 2, sometimes 5. 6 or more,

inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments free; anthers 2-celled, opening

longitudinally. Ovary superior, sessile, 2- to 4-celled, entire or 4-lobed ;

ovules variously attached, 2 (sometimes 1) in each cell; style terminal ;

stigma entire or bifid at apex. Fruit drupaceous with bony pyrenes,

or capsular, 1- to 4-celled; mesocarp usually fleshy ; endocarp usually

bony. Seeds erect or pendulous, separate in distinct cells; albumen

usually none; embryo straight; radicle inferior—Distris. Tropical

regions of both hemispheres, very few extending to temperate countries ;

species about 750.

Inflorescence spicate, centripetal (the lowest flowers opening

first) (Tribe I. VeRBENE:z) :—

Shrubs or herbs with short spikes ; calyx minute ; stamens 4;

anther-cells parallel :-—

Fruit a drupe with fleshy mesocarp us .. 1. Lantana.

Fruit dry with thin granular mesocarp Be .. 2. Lrppta.

Herbs with long spikes; calyx long, tubular; stamens 2;

anther-cells divaricate .. oe Ba .. 3. STACHYTARPHETA.

Inflorescence cymose, centrifugal (the end flowers opening

first ) :—

Cymes paniculate; drupes fleshy (Tribe II. Vir1cem) :—

Leaves simple :—

Corolla regular ; stamens isomerous, equal :—

Flowers 5-merous; drupe with 5 to 10 pyrenes .. 4. GEUNSIA.

Flowers 4-merous; drupe with 4 pyrenes .. 5. CaLLICARPA.

Flowers 4- to 6-merous; drupe with 14-celled endeeane

included in the accrescent calyx ae .. 6. Trcrona.

Corolla 2-lipped ; stamens didynamous :—

Drupe with 1 pyrene :—

Flowers small 7. PREMNA.

Flowers large 8. GMELINA.

Drupe with 4 pyrenes (1 to 3 often erpptesced) 9. CLERODENDRON.

Leaves digitate or in 1 species unifoliolate; pyrene 1 = 4 LOD Vir.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 795

Cymes paniculate ; drupes capsular (Tribe III. CaryvoprrripEm) :—

Leaves impariprimate ; fruit 4-celled ; calyx not enlarged

in fruit ; trees Be sis are .. 11. PERONEMA.

Leaves 1- to 3-foliolate; fruit 2-celled; calyx much

enlarged in fruit ; climbers 50 .. 12. PeTRmovITEx.

~Cymes capitate; bracts of the flower-head usually large

and involucriform ; large climbers (Tribe IV. SympHorrME®) :—

Involucral bracts 6; corolla-lobes subequal; stamens

included or exsert .. rc Bc .. 13. SPHENODESMA.

Involucral bracts 4; corolla 2-lipped, the two lobes of

the upper lip the longest; stamens exsert .. .. 14. Conena.

Cymes densely capitate or in short spikes, centripetal;

flowers small; calyx-segments 5, much imbricate ; trees or

shrubs (Tribe V. AvIcENNIE) se Sc -. 15, AVICENNIA.

Houtmsk1I6LpIa sANGUINEA, Retz Obs. VI. 31 (1791), is a straggling shrub of the

Eastern subtropical Himalaya, with a large red obconic calyx and red flowers, often

cultivated in gardens and occasionally found as an escape.

PENANG: on Government Hill, Curtis 2879.

Duranta Piumrert, Jacq. Select. Stirp. Amer. 186, t.176, fig. 76 (1763), is a blue-

flowered shrub cultivated in gardens and sometimes found run wild in their neigh-

bourhood.

SincaPore: Ridley.

Tribe I. VERBENEZ.

1. Lantana, Linn.

Erect or subscandent, often rambling, pubescent or scabrous shrubs,

rarely herbs ; branches usually tetragonal, sometimes prickly. Leaves

simple, opposite or ternate, petiolate, inciso-crenate, more or less

rugose. lowers in dense pedunculate spikes from the axils of the

leaves, variable in colour; the spikes capitate, ovoid or cylindric ; bracts

conspicuous, persistent, ovate or lanceolate; bracteoles none. Calyx

small, membranous, campanulate, truncate or 4- to 5-toothed. Corolla

hypocrateriform; tube slender, cylindric; lobes 4 to 5, spreading,

orbicular. Stamens 4 didynamous, included in the corolla-tube and

inserted at its middle; anthers broadly oblong with parallel cells.

Ovary 2-celled; ovule solitary in each cell, erect from the base or

laterally attached close to the base; style short; stigma oblique

or sublateral, thickened. /rwt a drupe with more or less fleshy meso-

carp ; endocarp hard, separating when ripe into two 1-celled, 1-seeded

pyrenes. Seed exalbuminous; testa reticulate ; radicle inferior.—

Distr. Species about 50, tropical or subtropical, mostly American,

a few African or Asiatic.

796 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Bracts lanceolate ; without prickles Ne 5 .. 1. L. salvifolia.

Bracts ovate, acuminate; with recurved prickles Ho .. 2 DL. aculeata.

1. LANTANA SALviFoLIA, Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. III. 18, t. 285

(1798). An erect branching shrub, reaching 3 to 8 ft. in height; stems

rough, without prickles; branchlets quadrangular, strigosely hispid,

yellowish-brown. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, membranous

when dry ; ovate-lanceolate, acute at apex, suddenly narrowed and then

decurrent at base; both surfaces rugose, the upper strigosely hispid,

the lower villous and pale; margins crenate-serrate ; 2 to 5 in. long, 1 to

2 in. broad ; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, the lowest pair opposite and

more oblique than the others, all curving to the margin; reticulations

prominent; petiole 2 to -4 in. long, winged by the decurrent margins

of the blade. Spikes globose to oblong, ‘5 to 1 and even 1:5 in. long,

gradually elongating as the fruit ripens; peduncles angular, hispid,

1 to 3 in. long; bracts ovate, caudate-acuminate, strigosely villous,

‘25 in. long. Calyx minute, truncate, densely villous. Corolla-tube

curved, slightly inflated opposite the stamens, villous without, :2 in.

long ; lobes spreading, rounded, the uppermost slightly acute. F%la-

ments short ; anther-cells equal. Drupe oblong, purple ; exocarp thin, his-

pid; mesocarp fleshy ; endocarp rugose, the 2 pyriform pyrenes of which

it is composed closely adherent. Seed elliptic; testa reticulate ; cotyle-

dons thin. Baker in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 276 ; Schauer in DC. Prodr.

XI. 605. L. indica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46 (1814), and Fl. Ind. III. 89;

Wall. Cat. 1823 4,8 ; Wight Ill. t. 173 b, fig. 3, and Ic. t. 1464; Trimen

Fl. Ceyl. III. 346; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 562; Cooke FI.

Bomb. IT. 418; Prain Beng. Plants 825. JZ. dubia, Wall. Cat. 1821,

2 and c, not 1; Royle Ill. 300 t. 73, fig. 2. LZ. collina, Dene. in

Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 136, t. 141. ZL. alba, Schauer l.c. 606; Dalz. &

Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 198; Brandis For. Fl. 369; Kurz For. Fl. II. 253 ; Boiss.

Fl. Orient. IV. 532, not of Miller, Dene. or Link.

Penane: fiidley; Curtis 121; Deschamps. PxErax: at Teluk

Anson, Ridley 10762. Mauacca: firdley 10115. Srinearore: Des-

champs; Kunstler 185.—Distr1p. India, Burma, Ceylon, Tropical and

South Africa.

2. LANTANA ACULEATA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 627 (1753). A very straggling

erect shrub with many branches, 4 to 8 ft. high; branchlets quadran-

gular, armed with recurved prickles. Leaves opposite ; ovate, acute at

apex, truncate or cordate at base; the blade decurrent; upper surface

scabrous, lower pubescent; margins crenate, 1 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in.

broad ; midrib slender; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, curving upwards to

the margin; reticulations netted; petiole slender, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, the

upper part bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Spzkes

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 797

globose, -25 to 1 in. in diam. ; peduncles 1 to 1:5 in. long, hispid ; bracts

lanceolate, :25 in. long; flowers of various colours, orange, red, and

white. Calyx very small, slightly 2-lipped, pubescent. Corolla-tube

slender, pubescent, ‘2 to -4 in. long; lobes rounded, spreading. Fila-

ments very short ; anther-cells unequal. Drwpe ovoid, black, shining,

‘1 to -2 in. in diam. ; pyrenes rounded. Bot. Mag. t. 96; Dalz. & Gibs.

Suppl. 68 ; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 346. ZL. Camara, Linn. l.c.; Schauer

in DC. Prodr. XI. 598; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 562; Cooke Bomb. FI. +

IT. 419; Prain Beng. Plants 825; Baker in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. V. 275.

PENANG: Curtis; Deschamps. Province WELLESLEY: G. King.

SINGAPORE: Deschamps.—Distr1B. Native of Tropical America, now

widely spread in many regions of the Old World and very troublesome

from its quick and strong matted growth.

2. Lippra, Linn.

Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs, usually more or less hairy.

Leaves opposite, ternate or verticillate, rarely alternate ; entire dentate

or lobate. Flowers small, in elongate or cylindrical or capitulate

spikes; bracts small, imbricate; bracteoles none. Calyx small,

membranous, 2- to 4-lobed, ultimately 2-valved, enclosing or some-

times adhering to the fruit. Corolla more or less hypocrateriform ;

tube cylindrical, straight or curved ; limb oblique, more or less bilabiate ;

upper lip bifid, emarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4

didynamous, included in the corolla-tube and inserted at its middle;

anthers ovate with parallel cells. Ovary 2-celled; ovule solitary in each

cell, erect from the base or laterally attached near the base of the cell ;

style short; stigma capitate, oblique or recurved, thickened. F'rwit

small, with a dry epicarp; mesocarp granular; endocarp hard, bony,

easily separating into two l1-seeded pyrenes. Seed exalbuminous ;

radicle inferior—Disrris. About 100 or more species, chiefly Tropical

American, with a few African and only very few Asiatic. i

Lrpp1a NopiFrLorA, Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. II. 15 (1803). A creep-

ing perennial herb; stems rooting at the nodes, much branched, sub-

~ quadrangular, channelled, more or less clothed with appressed, medifixed,

white hairs, often glabrous. Leaves opposite, subsessile, spathulate,

rounded at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces appressedly hairy

with medifixed white hairs; upper half deeply and sharply ser-

rate, lower entire; -75 to 1:25 in. long, ‘25 to -75 in. broad; midrib

prominent ; main nerves 3 to 4 pairs, straight. Spikes dense, globose

at first, afterwards gradually elongating to oblong in fruit, -25 to ‘5 in.

long ; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long, usually from only one axil of each pair

798 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

of leaves, slender, quadrangular, channelled; bracts much imbricate,

variable, -1 to -2 in. long, lower broadly ovate, upper narrowly cuneate,

all acuminate with more or less hyaline fimbriate margins; flowers

small, pale blue, pink, or white. Calyx 2-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, pubes-

cent. Corolla-tube slender, ‘1 in. long ; limb 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed,

midlobe obtuse. Stigma capitate. Frwit -05 to :075 in. long, glabrous,

ovoid; epicarp bony, membranous; mesocarp granular; endocarp

separating in two plano-convex pyrenes. Seed elliptic; testa mem-

branous ; cotyledons fleshy. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 585; Wight

Ill. t. 173 b, fig. 2, and Ic. t. 1463; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 198;

Glarke im Hook: f, HIE Br. Inds LV. 5635) Miqheii ind saibareul:

905; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 347; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 420; Prain Beng.

Plants 825; Baker in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V.279. Verbena nodiflora,

Linn. Sp. Pl. 20; Burm. Fl. Ind. 12, t. 6, fig. 1; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 4.

Blairia nodiflora, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 266, t. 56. Zapania nodzflora,

Lamk. Ill. t. 17; Wall. Cat. 1824. Latana sarmentosa and repens,

Spreng. Syst. IT. 752. Phyla chinensis, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 66.

PENANG: at Sangie Penang, Curtis 3520. Province WELLESLEY :

Curtis 2208. Sincapore: Kunstler 1198, in grassy and sandy places

near the coast—Distris. India, Malay Archipelago, Africa and most

tropical and subtropical regions.

3. STACHYTARPHETA, Vahl.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually opposite, toothed, usually rugose.

Flowers in terminal spikes in the axils of bracts, the rachis often

hollowed out beneath each flower; bracts lanceolate, long or short;

bracteoles none. Calyx elongate, narrowly cylindrical, shortly 4- to 5-

toothed, variously slit at a late stage. Corolla hypocrateriform; tube

slender, cylindrical, usually curved; limb spreading, 5-lobed; the lobes

equal or unequal, rounded. Stamens 2 perfect (the anticous ones),

included in the corolla-tube, affixed above the middle; filaments

short ; anther-cells vertically divaricate ; staminodes (posticous) 2 or 0.

Ovary 2-celled; ovules solitary in each cell, attached laterally near its

base; style long, filiform, exsert; stigma capitate. #ruzt cylindrical,

included in the calyx, separating into 2 bony 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds

oblong; testa membranous; albumen none; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle

inferior.—Distris. About 40 species, mostly Tropical American, a

few African; the Indo-Malayan species probably introduced and run

wild.

Spikes usually slender, glabrous; flowers blue fe 66 1. S. jamaicensis.

Spikes usually stout, hairy ; flowers pink As 50 2. S. mutabilis.

1. STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS, Vahl Enum. I. 206 (1805). An

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 799

annual erect branched herb, reaching 1 to 3 ft. high; stems dicho-

tomously branched, nearly quadrangular. Leaves opposite, elliptic,

obtuse or acute at apex, cuneate at base and decurrent, upper two-

thirds coarsely serrate, lower cuneate portion entire; both surfaces

glabrous or nearly so; 1 to 4 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad; midrib

slender; main nerves slender, 4 to 6 pairs, curved upwards; petiole

obscure, being winged by the decurrent margins of the blade. Sprkes

elongate, 3 to 12 in. long, slender; rachis up to ‘15 in. in diam., con-

spicuously excavated to hold the flowers, the hollows closed by the

bracts; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, scarious and ciliate on the

margins, -15 to 2 in. long; flowers blue. Calyx -25 in. long, mem-

branous, glabrous, 4- to 5-toothed, usually slit on one side (that in the

hollow of the rachis). Corolla-tube curved outwards, ‘3 to ‘d in. long ;

limb spreading, 5-lobed. Frwit dry, :15 in. long, tipped with the

slender remains of the style; pyrenes plano-convex, very hard. Bot.

Mag. t. 1860. 8S. mdica, Vahl, l.c.; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV.

564; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 348; Cooke Bomb. Fl. II. 421; Prain

Beng. Plants, 826; Baker in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. V. 284. S. wrt-

cifolia, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 68. Stachytarpha jamaicensis,

Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 564. S. endica, Schauer in DC. l.c.; Migq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. Il. 907. Verbena jamaicensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 19; Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 4. V. indica, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3, 27; Wall. Cat. 2656.

PENANG: common by roadsides, G. King; on Government Hill,

Curtis. PERAK: at Panjsore, Scortechint 996. JoHorE: Marius,

Jensen. SINGAPORE: Cunung 2406; in waste places, Deschamps ;

Kunstler (King’s Collector) 173, 1149.—Distrris. — India, Ceylon, Malay

Archipelago, Tropical Asia and Africa; in Malaya probably introduced

and run wild.

2. STACHYTARPHETA MUTABILIS, Vahl Enum. I. 209 (1805). A

stout branching pubescent herb, reaching 3 ft. high or more; stems

quadrangular, densely tawny-pubescent. Leaves opposite, ovate acute

at apex, rounded at base and decurrent; upper three-fourths broadly

crenate, the crenatures mucronate, basal part entire; upper surface

sparsely villous and scabrid, lower softly grey-tomentose; 3 to 5 in.

long, 1:5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs;

petiole 1:5 to 1 in. long, almost entirely bordered by the decurrent

margins of the blade. Spzkes stout, elongate, 6 to 18 in. long; rachis

up to -25 in. in diam., excavated vertically to hold the flowers, the hollows

closed by the bracts; bracts ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate,

strigosely hairy, -25 to -5 in. long; flowers pink. Calyx -4 to ‘d in. long,

strigosely pubescent, 4-toothed on the outer side, cleft on the inner, the

teeth acute. Corolla-tube curved outwards, up to 1 in. long, slightly

800 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

dilated at the throat; limb spreading, lobes 5 rounded. Anther-cells

‘05 in. long; filaments villous ; staminodes subulate, villous, +15 to -2 in.

long. Fruit oblong, ovoid or somewhat pyriform, tipped with the long

remains of the style; pyrenes plano-convex, very hard, -2 to ‘25 in. long.

Seed oblong, ‘15 in. long ; testa membranous ; cotyledons obovate, -1 in.

long, fleshy. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 565; Bot. Mag. t. 976; Cooke

Bomb. Fl. II. 422; Baker in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. V. 284. Verbena

mutabilis, Jacq. Coll. 2, 334; Icon. Rar. 2, 207; Andr. Bot. Rep.

t. 435.

Penane: Curtis 867; Birch; Ridley 7044. SiNGAPORE: in waste

places, Deschamps.—Distr1n. A native of Tropical America, widely

spread in the Old World, e.g., Southern India, Java, Central Africa

Tribe II. ViricE”.

4. GeunsiA, Blume.

Trees or large shrubs, stellately tomentose. Leaves opposite or

occasionally alternate by the separation of the leaves of a pair, petiolate,

entire. Flowers small, in many-flowered pedunculate cymes in the

upper axils of the branchlets; bracts linear, small. Calya# campanu-

late, shortly 5- to 6-toothed. Corolla campanulate; tube exsert,

funnel-shaped; lobes 5, spreading. Stamens 5 to 6; anthers oblong,

exserted, glandular, dorsifixed; cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally

but more widely at tip; filaments slender. Ovary imperfectly 5-,

rarely 4- to 8-celled; the cells 2-ovulate; the ovules fixed laterally

above the middle of the cell; style exsert, stout; stigma 5- or less

lobed, dilated. Drwpe small, globose, depressed, on the persistent

not enlarged calyx; exocarp thin; mesocarp granular; endocarp

hard; pyrenes 5 to 10, equal in number to the ovules, 1-seeded. Seeds

small, oblong-ovoid; testa thin; albumen none; cotyledons fleshy ;

radicle inferior.—Distris. 3 to 4 species, of the Malay Peninsula and

Archipelago.

GEUNSIA FARINOSA, Blume Bijdr. 819 (1826). A large tree, reaching

60 to 70 ft. in height and a considerable diameter; the upper branches,

inflorescence, and under surface (also upper surface when young) of

leaves covered more or less densely with stellate furfuraceous pale

brown tomentum, and also often with minute rounded glands. Leaves

coriaceous, ovate or elliptic-oblong, long cuspidate-acuminate at apex,

rounded or subacute at base; upper surface when young farinose, later

glabrous; lower surface rugose; margin entire or minutely denticulate,

5 to 9 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad; midrib prominent; main nerves 10 to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 801

12 pairs obliquely curved upwards and joined by many more or less

parallel transverse nerves; reticulations close; petiole stout, 1 in. long,

channelled above, the opposite ones joined by a raised line. Cymes

rounded, dichotomously branched, 1:5 to 2 in. broad; peduncles 1 to

15 in. long; bracts subulate, :15 to ‘2 in. long; pedicels very short ;

flowers reddish-purple. Calyx ‘06 in. deep, glabrous within. Corolla-

tube ‘1 to -2 in. long, glandular; lobes recurved, ‘05 in. long, rounded.

Stamens exserted; filaments a little longer than the corolla-tube;

anthers ‘1 in. long, very glandular on the back. Drupe reddish-black

when ripe, ‘15 in. broad, -1 in. in diam., top depressed. Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 566; Bocquillon Revis. Verben. 89, t. 8; Koord. &

Valeton Bijdr. VII. 173. G. Cumingiana, Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soe.

XXI. 315. Callicarpa pentandra, Roxb. El. Ind. I. 395; Wall. Cat.

1836; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 646; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 885.

C. acuminatissima, Teysm. & Binn. in Batav. Nat. Tijdschr. XXY. 409.

C. Cumangiana, Schauer, J. c. 644.

Kepau: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 2552. Prrax: King’s Collector

859, 972 (part), 5731, 8547. SeLANGor: at Batu Tiga, Curtis 3767 ;

at Ginting Bidai, Ridley 7599; at Rawang, Ridley 10494. SrinGapore:

Wallich 1836.—Distris. Java (Forbes 315, 375, 539, 602; Kollman ;

Koorders 152048), Borneo (Beccart 786; Haviland 554, 1343, 3553 ;

Motley 385), Amboina, Philippine Islands, &e.

The following Bornean species seems to be undescribed :—

Grunsia Havyinanpi1, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 105 (1908). A tree (?);

branches, inflorescence, and under surface of leaves densely tawny-stellate-pubescent

and strigosely hairy. Leaves opposite, ovate or ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate and

mucronate at apex, acute or cuneate at base; upper surface strigosely scabrous-

hispid on the upper surface, especially on the midrib; lower surface rugose, stellate-

pubescent and studded with peltate glands; margins rather distinctly denticulate ;

2°5 to to 6 in. long, 1°5 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib stout, prominent; main nerves 9 to

11 pairs, prominent beneath, gently curving upwards to anastomose near the margin,

joined by conspicuous transverse nervelets; reticulations netted ; petiole stout, tawny-

hispid, 5 to°75 in. long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, subsessile, scarcely longer

than the petiole; bracts very small, subulate; pedicels slender, short. Calyx cam-

panulate, glabrous within, without very strigosely hispid; teeth 5, minute in bud,

afterwards elongating to -05 in. long. Corolla campanulate, nearly glabrous except for

peltate shining glands; tube 1 in. long; lobes 5, ovate, rounded, about -75 in. long,

recurved in flower. Stamens exserted; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers ‘1 in.

long, oblong, prominently yellow-glandular on the back. Ovary thickly glandular,

depressed ; style slender, 2 in. long; stigma shortly 5-lobed. Drupe reddish-black

when dry, ‘15 in. in diam., top depressed, dividing into 5 pyrenes; fruiting calyx

flattened.

Borneo: at Sarawak, Beccart 3240; Haviland 3549 kx and xu: near Kuching,

Haviland 889.

802 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Weare a little in doubt whether this is the G. Beccariana, Briquet in Engl. &

Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 3 and 165, of which we can find no description. We

think, however, that Briquet’s G. Beccariana is Beccari 2759, a beautiful species from

Sarawak with long tawny hair.

5. CaLLicaRpPA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, more or less clothed with stellate or farinose

tomentum, with or without glandular scales, rarely quite glabrous.

Leaves opposite, rarely ternately whorled; crenulate serrulate or rarely

entire, in one species lobed. lowers small, white red or purple, in

axillary sessile or pedunculate, usually many-flowered, cymes; bracts

linear, inconspicuous. Calyx very small, shortly campanulate, truncate

or minutely 4-lobed, unaltered in fruit. Corolla small, campanulate or

tubular; tube twice as long as the calyx or less; lobes 4, oblong, erect

or spreading. Stamens 4 equal, inserted at about the middle of the

tube or lower, sometimes at the pase; filaments slender, exsert;

anthers ovate or oblong, dorsifixed ; the cells parallel, both sides usually

prominently glandular. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled; cells 2-ovuled ;

style elongate; stigma dilated, shortly and obscurely bifid; ovules

attached at the middle of the cell or higher. Frwt a small globose

drupe, supported by the persistent calyx; exocarp thin; mesocarp

fleshy; endocarp bony, of 4 or fewer pyrenes, convex on the back,

flattened on the sides. Seeds small, oblong; testa membranous; albu-

men none or evanescent ; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle inferior.—DistTRIB.

About 30 species, of Tropical and Subtropical Asia, to Japan, Australia

and Polynesia; also in Central America and the West Indies.

Lower surface of leaves covered with dense stellate tomentum,

without or with very few glandular dots; margins of leaves entire

or nearly so :—

Leaves broad, more or less elliptic; cymes long, many-

flowered :—

Leaves long-acuminate, tomentum thick; cymes dense;

corolla-tube only about :075 in. long, merely puberulous 1. C. arborea.

Leaves obtuse or very shortly acuminate. tomentum thin;

cymes spreading ; corolla-tube 1 in. long, stellate-pubescent 2. C. Maingayi.

Leaves narrow, lanceolate ; cymes short, few-flowered ; corolla-

tube ‘15 in. long, stellate-pubescent .. 3. C. angustifolia.

Lower surface of leaves densely grey stellate- flocenlose: wii

many glandular dots on both surfaces ; margins of leaves serrate :—

Cymes spreading, reaching 3 to 4 in. in diam. ; upper surface of

leaves glabrate, lower densely grey-flocculose ate -. 4. C. Reevesit.

Cymes dense, rounded, rarely 1 to 2 in. in diam. :—

Upper surface of leaves glabrate, lower whitish-grey, “a

stellately tomentose es ee: Pi 2s 110s (OC anCaaem.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 803

Upper surface of leaves hispid-puberulons, lower thinly grey-

stellate-tomentose te =e oe -. 6. C. pedunculata.

Lower surface of leaves sparsely stellate hairy, with many

glandular dots ; margins of leaves serrulate ; cymes rounded, up to

2 in, broad éo s¢ ae Sic -. 7. C. longifolia.

1. CALLICARPA ARBOREA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 10 (1814), and FI. Ind. I.

390 (1832). <A tree reaching 40 ft. in height, with thick trunk and

round head; branches stout; branchlets thick, obtusely quadrangular,

covered with dense grey-tawny, forked, stellate or mealy tomentum,

as are the young leaves and inflorescence. Leaves coriaceous ; ovate or

elliptic-ovate, acuminate at apex, long acute or cuneate at base; upper

surface when young with mealy soft stellate-tomentum, afterwards

glabrous, lower closely tawny-stellate tomentose; margins entire or

sometimes distantly denticulate ; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 5in. broad ; mid-

rib very stout, much raised beneath; main nerves stout, 8 to 14 pairs,

raised beneath and joined by fairly regular transverse raised nervules,

the main nerves starting at an angle of about 55° with the midrib and

curving gently to the margin, where they anastomose; petiole stout,

1 to 2-5in. long, channelled above. Cymes very many-flowered, widely

dichotomously branched many times, reaching 6 in. in length and about

5 in. in breadth; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long; bracts linear-subulate,

-25 in. long or less; pedicels very short; flowers red or purple. Calyx

‘05 in. long, truncate and minutely 4-toothed at mouth, glabrous within.

Corolla-tube ‘075 in. long, puberulous without; lobes 4, reflexed, sub-

quadrate, as long as tube, villous without. Stamens long, exsert; anthers

clandular-punctate on the back. Ovary villous; style much exsert, bent

outwards, enlarged upwards ; stigma peltate at first, then broadly funnel-

shaped. Drupe-15 to -2in. in diam., succulent, purple, ultimately black ;

pyrenes 4 or less. Wall. Cat. 1826 chiefly. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.

641; Brandis For. Fl. 368; Kurz For. Fl. IT. 274 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl.

Br. Ind. IY. 567; Prain Beng. Plants 827. C. tectonefolia, Wall. Cat.

1827.

Kepau: at Campong Yan, Ridley 5607. Prnane: Tanjong Bunga,

Curtis 699 ; Batu Gaja jungles, Deschamps. PERAK: Wray 1824, 3957 ; at

Bruas Dindings, Ridley 7179 ; Scortechint; King’s Collector 972 (part).—

Distris. India (Kumaon to Assam, Sonthal Parganas. Chota Nagpore,

Eastern Bengal), Burma, Sumatra (Teysmann 4388; Forbes 1530, 2601).

Var. villosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 10 (species). Leaves 6 to 8 in. long,

3-5 to 4:5 in. broad, ovate, caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded and

then slightly decurrent at base. Tomentum of branchlets, young

leaves, and inflorescence very thick and pale, chiefly consisting of

804 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

branched hairs. This var. resembles C. lanata, Linn., of Southern

India and Ceylon in its leaves, but the flowers are those of C. arborea.

PrerAK: Scortechini.

2. CaunicaRpA Marneayi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 106 (1908).

A tree; young branches, inflorescence, and leaves beneath covered with

minute golden-brown stellate tomentum; branchlets stout, obtusely

quadrangular. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, rounded

and very shortly acute or acuminate at apex, rounded and then some-

what cuneate at base, the two sides often unequal; upper surface

glabrous except the midrib and main nerves of young leaves; lower

surface rugose and very minutely appressed stellate-pubescent ; margins

entire or undulate with minute denticulations at the ends of the nerves;

6 to 12 in. long, 3 to 6 in. broad; nerves all impressed on the upper

surface, sharply and strongly raised on the lower; the midrib stout;

main nerves 10 to 12 pairs, starting at about 75° with the midrib and

curving upwards to anastomose near the margin, the pairs joined by

fairly regular transverse nervules, and these again by the netted reticu-

lations ; petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long, stout, channelled above. Cymes many-

flowered, rounded, reaching 3-5 in. long and 6 in. broad, widely

dichotomous ; peduncle stout, flattened, 1 to 1:5 in. long, further branch-

peduncles also flattened when dry; bracts linear-subulate, very small;

pedicels -05 to -1 in. long, slender. Calyx hemispherical, -05 in. long,

tawny stellate-pubescent without, glabrous within, with 4 minute teeth.

Corolla-tube nearly cylindric, -1 in. long, densely and closely grey-

stellate-tomentose without, nearly glabrous within; lobes short, rounded,

erect or slightly recurved, ‘04 in. long, villous within. Stamens inserted

at ‘04 in. from base of tube; filaments -175 in. long; anthers oblong,

‘075 in. long, glandular-punctate on the back. Ovary villous; style

slender, bent ; stigma broad, peltate. Drwpe small, black, -06 in. in diam.

(immature).

SeLancor: Fizdley 2787. Mauacca: Maingay ae at Hulu

Chembong, Derry 1005, Vern. “‘ Tampang Best.”

In Kew Herbarium, Maingay’s specimen has been placed under C. urborea, but

the species differs in many respects. The venation of the leaves is yery different, as is

the tomentum of much smaller stellate hairs; the leaves are nearly blunt; the tube

of the corolla much longer, and its lobes much shorter; and we have no hesitation in

describing it as a new species. re

3. CALLICARPA ANGUSTIFOLIA, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 106

(1908). A shrub, reaching 8 to 9 ft. in height; branchlets, inflorescence,

and leaves beneath (also young ones above) clothed with appressed

grey or ferruginous stellate tomentum ; branchlets obscurely quadran-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 805

gular. Leaves subcoriaceous; lanceolate, attenuately acute at apex,

long attenuate at base and decurrent; upper surface dark, glabrous

except when young; lower densely tomentose, grey-tawny or silvery ;

margins entire or rarely obscurely denticulate, slightly recurved; 4 to 7in.

long, ‘75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib stout, impressed above, prominent

beneath ; main nerves 9 to 15 pairs, rather irregular, starting at from

60° to 70° with the midrib and at once curving upwards to and along

the margin, joined by subparallel transverse nervules; petiole ‘5 to °75

in. long, the bases of the opposite leaves joined by a well-marked ridge.

Cymes few-flowered, °5 to ‘75 in. long and about °75 in. broad, widely

dichotomous; peduncles :25 to -35 in. long; bracts linear-subulate;

pedicels very short, jointed; flowers bluish-pink. Calyx campanulate,

‘075 in. long, densely stellate-tomentose without, glabrous within ;

teeth mucronulate. Corolla about twice as long as calyx, densely

stellate-tomentose without, glabrous within; lobes rounded, erect.

Stamens inserted at or very near the base of the corolla-tube ; filaments

slender, -15 in. long, scarcely or not exsert ; anthers -06 in. long, oblong,

much glandular-dotted on both sides. Ovary villous; style slender,

exsert ; stigma capitate. Drupe glabrous, globose, ‘1 in. in diam., dark

blue when ripe; pyrenes 4.

Kerpaxu: on Langkawi Island, Ridley 8330. Prrax: at Ipoh, Curtis

3197; at Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1596; on the top of limestone hills

600 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector 7036, 8236.

The Kedah specimens have narrower leaves than the rest, with more slen-

der branchlets. The species comes near to C. angusta, Schauer, from the Philippines,

but differs in the almost quite entire leaves and larger flowers and fruit.

4. CALLICARPA ReEEveEsII, Wall. Cat. 1830 (1828). A shrub; the

branches, petioles, under surface of leaves, and inflorescence covered with

a soft, whitish-grey or pale tawny, mealy tomentum of branched or stel-

late hairs. Leaves coriaceous; lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long

acute at apex, attenuate at base and often slightly unequal, not decur-

rent; upper surface dark when dry, glabrous except the nerves, lower

tomentose; margins entire for the lower third, above that shortly

dentate-serrate ; 5 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout; main

nerves 13 to 15 pairs, nearly regular, starting at an angle of 45° to 60°

with the midrib and curving gently to the margin, each pair joined by

rather obscure transverse nervelets, all slightly impressed above;

petiole -75 in. long. Cymes axillary, rounded, many-flowered, widely

dichotomous, reaching 4 in. long and about 3 in. broad; peduncles

1:5 to 2 in. long; bracts linear subulate, -1 in. long; pedicels short,

slender, nearly glabrous, ‘05 to -1 in. long; flowers purple? Calyx very

806 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

short, nearly glabrous but with a few stellate hairs and minutely

glandular-punctate, very shortly 4-toothed. -Corolla twice as long as

calyx, ‘1 in. ; lobes rounded, sparsely stellate-pubescent and glandular-

punctate. Stamens long exsert; filaments slender; anthers small; the

connective glandular-punctate. Ovary rounded, very glandular; style

very long, twisted; stigma peltate, large. Druwpe purple, small, 075 to

‘1 in. in diam., nearly globose ; pyrenes 4. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.

641; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 270; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV. 568.

C. nudiflora, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, t. 46.

StnGAPorE: near the Botanic Gardens, Murton 87; Ridley 6884

cult. !—Disrris. Tenasserim (?) (Falconer) ; Southern China.

5. CALLICARPA CANA, Linn. Mant. 198 (1771). A shrub; branchlets,

leaves beneath, and inflorescence covered with a down of whitish or grey

or cinnamomeous stellate hairs; branchlets obtusely quadrangular.

Leaves membranous; ovate, ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, shortly

acuminate at apex, cuneately attenuate at base; upper surface stellate-

tomentose when young, afterwards glabrous, shining and dark-coloured,

glandular-punctate ; lower more or less whitish-grey stellate-tomentose,

sometimes glabrescent, sometimes rugose, but more usually softly and

conspicuously hairy, glandular-punctate beneath the tomentum; margins

glandular-serrate, except at the cuneate base; 4 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in.

broad; midrib rather slender, pubescent above; main nerves 10 to 12

pairs, impressed above, slightly raised beneath, starting at an angle of

40° to 45° with the midrib and curving upwards to the margin, joined

by regular transverse nearly parallel nervules; reticulations netted,

impressed above; petiole -25 to -75 in. long, upper part bordered by the

decurrent margins of the blade. Cymes many-flowered, rounded,

scarcely longer than the petioles, dichotomous ; peduncles about 25 in.

long ; bracts linear-subulate, very small; pedicels very short ; flowers

pale-red. Calyx densely white-stellate-tomentose without, glabrous

within, ‘05 in. long; teeth very minute. Corolla campanulate; tube

glabrous, ‘075 in. long; lobes rounded, ‘025 in. long, -slightly white-

villous without. Stamens inserted close to the base of the tube; fila-

ments much exsert, twisted, ‘15 in. long; anthers -02 in. long; the

connective glandular-punctate. Ovary somewhat depressed; style

decurved, often twisted, as long as filaments; stigma funnel-shaped.

Drwpe globose, under ‘1 in. long in diam., purple; pyrenes 4. Vahl Symb.

III. 12; Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 392; Wall. Cat. 1834; Blume Bijdr. 817;

Dene in Nouv. Ann. Mus. III. 401; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 643;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 885; Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 56; Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. TV.568. C. tomentosa, Lamk. Dict. I. 562. C. americana,

Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 70, not of Linn. C, adenanthera, Br. Prodr, 513,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 807

C. Heynet, Roth Nov. Sp. 82; Blume Bijdr. 819. C. bicolor, Juss. in

Ann. Mus. VII. 77; Schauer in DC. l.c. 642. C. swmatrana, Mia. I. c.

886. C. dentata, Herb. Roxb., Wall. Cat. 1834, not of Roth.

Penane: Wallich 1834; Porter; Phillips. Neari Sempian: Port

Dickson, Sungei Ujong, Ridley 9574. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1190;

Griffith; Ridley 1589. Sincarpore: Kurz 2908.—Distrip. Malay

Archipelago, Philippine Islands, Australia.

Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. does not quote Bot. Mag. 2107, which Bentham had said

probably represented a much more woolly plant, though it might be a var. of cana.

With this we agree.

6. CALLICARPA PEDUNCULATA, Br. Prodr. Fl. Novy.-Holl. 513 (1810).

A shrub with rather loose tomentum ; branchlets stellate-pubescent.

Leaves membranous ; ovate, cuspidate-acuminate at apex, rounded at

base ; upper surface hispid-puberulous above, especially on the nerves,

lower surface thinly whitish-grey stellate-tomentose ; margins serrulate

on the upper two-thirds; 3 to 6 in. long, 1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib

slender, main nerves about 10 pairs, curving gently upwards to the

margin; transverse nervules many and rather prominent; petiole -25

to 5 in.long. Cymes rather dense, globose, stellately woolly, on peduncles

‘25 to ‘75 in. long; bracts and bracteoles linear subulate; pedicels

extremely short. Calyx campanulate, about ‘03 in. long, stellate-

pubescent and glandular; teeth short, thick. Corolla funnel-shaped,

‘125 in. long; tube nearly glabrous; teeth rounded puberulous within.

Stamens inserted at the base of the tube ; filaments long exsert, slender ;

anthers elliptic-reniform, the connective prominently gland-dotted.

Ovary rounded, glabrous, glandular; style very long; stigma thick,

capitate. Drwpe dark purple, globose, -1 in. in diam. ; exocarp smooth.

Benth. Hl. Austral. V. 57; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl: Br. Tad. IV. 569.

C. cuspidata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. I. 394. CC. dentata, Roth Nov. Sp. 81;

Blume Bijdr. 818; Wall. Cat. 6319. C. cana, Wall. Cat. 1834, No. 2.

C. lanata, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 644, not of Linn. or of Vahl.

C. tihefolia, Teysm. & Binn. fide Kurz MS.

Penane: Wallich 1834,2, 6319.—Distris. Malay Archipelago,

Tropical Australia.

7. CALLICARPA LoNGIFoLIA, Lamk. Dict. I. 563 (1785), and IIl. t. 69

(1791). A shrub, reaching 5 to 6 ft. in height; branchlets, inflorescence,

and leaves beneath rather sparsely covered with a short grey or tawny

tomentum of stellate hairs; branchlets obtusely quadrangular, slender.

_ Leaves membranous; lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or occasionally oblong-

lanceolate, long acuminate at apex, acuminately narrowed at base or

rarely almost rounded; upper surface nearly glabrous, lower also some-

808 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

times glabrescent, more usually sparsely stellate-hairy; both surfaces

gland-dotted ; margins serrulate except near the base; 3 to 7 in. long,

1:5 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent beneath ; main nerves

10 to 12 pairs, starting at an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib and

curving upwards to and along the margin, joined by regular parallel

transverse nervelets, all nerves and midrib more or less pubescent ;

petiole ‘5 to 1 in. long, slender. Cymes dichotomously divaricate-branched,

rounded, 1 to 1:5 in. long, and up to 2 in. broad; peduncles -35 to °5 in.

long; bracts linear-subulate; pedicels slender, short, glabrescent in

fruit ; flowers pale blue, purplish, pink or white (Benth. in Fl. Austral.).

Calyx campanulate, :05 in. long, glandular-dotted and sparsely stellate-

hairy; teeth 4, mucronulate. Corolla nearly twice as long as calyx,

pubescent without, glabrous within ; lobes rounded, erect or incurved,

about -025 in. long. Stamens inserted at the very base of the tube;

filaments long exsert, slender, twisted; anthers ovate-orbicular; the

connective prominently gland-dotted. Ovary villous; style long,

curved, often deflexed; stigma funnel-shaped. Drupe white, depressed,

glandular, ‘05 to ‘07 in. in diam.; pyrenes 4. Bot. Reg. t. 864; Roxb.

Fl. Ind. I. 394; Brandis For. Fl. 369; Kurz For. Fl. IJ. 275; Schauer

in DC. Prodr. XI. 645, Var. 8 floccosa; Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 57;

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 887; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I. 176; Clarke in FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 570. C. Roxburghiana, Roem & Sch. Syst. III. Mant. 54.

C. attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1835. C. cana, Wall. Cat. 1834 (partly).

C. dentata, Wall. Cat. 6319 (partly).

Kepau: on Langkawi Island, Curtis 2134. Penane (or SINGAPORE) :

Wallich 1835. PENANG: at waterfall and half-way up hill, G. King ;

Stoliczka. Perak: Scortechint 1214; King’s Collector (Kunstler) 80,

239. Mawuacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6039; Maigay (K.D.) 1191. Ssnan-

Gor: Curtis. JoHORE: at Jaffaria, G. King. Srncapore: Lobb;

Hullett ; Cantley 120; Schomburgk 54; G. Thomson 44; Walker 207 ;

Deschamps (cult.)—Distrr. Java, Sumatra, Borneo, to North

Australia.

6. Tectona, Linn. f. —

Trees, stellately tomentose. Leaves opposite or whorled, large,

entire, petioled. Flowers in dichotomous many-flowered cymes, in

large terminal panicles; bracts small, narrow. Calyx campanulate,

shortly 5- to 6-lobed, enlarged and becoming bladder-like in fruit and

then ovoid or urceolate. Corolla small, white or bluish; tube short ;

limb with 5 to 6 short subequal spreading imbricate lobes. Stamens

5 to 6, attached near the base of the corolla-tube, equal, exserted ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 809

anthers ovate or oblong with distinct parallel cells. Ovary fleshy,

4-celled; each cell 1-ovuled, ovules attached near their bases to the

axis ; style linear; stigma shortly bifid. Fruit a drupe enclosed in the

accrescent calyx; exocarp spongy-suberose or almost none; endocarp

bony, thick, 4-celled. Seeds erect, oblong; testa membranous;

albumen 0; cotyledons fleshy and oily ; radicle short, inferior.—D1stTRIB.

Species 3, one in India and Malaya, one in Burma, the third in the

Philippine Islands.

TECTONA GRANDIS, Linn. f. Suppl. 151 (1781). A large deciduous

tree; branchlets quadrangular, channelled, stellately tomentose, as are

the young leaves, leaves beneath and inflorescence. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous ; ovate elliptic or obovate, acute or shortly acuminate at

apex, rounded acute or cuneate often decurrent at base; upper

surface stellate-tomentose when young, afterwards glabrescent, scabrous

and punctate with round whitish glands, lower with grey or tawny

stellate tomentum ; margins entire; 1 to 2 ft. long, 6 in. to 1 ft. broad

(leaves of seedlings and coppice shoots often much larger) ; midrib very

stout, much raised beneath; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, branched and

curving upwards, joined by numerous prominent parallel transverse

nervules; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, very stout, rounded below, the

bases of opposite petioles joined by a prominent ridge. Panicles 1 to

3 ft. in length and breadth, much spreading, 2- to 3-chotomous; ulti-

mate branches with a sessile fertile flower in the angle; peduncles

quadrangular, 0 to 3 in. long; bracts lanceolate or spathulate, lower

ones leafy, in pairs at the forks; pedicels very short; flowers white.

Calyx in flower globose-campanulate, -125 in. long; lobes 5 or 6, -05 in.

long, acute; calyx in fruit ovoid, ventricose, reticulate, often 1 to 1:5 in.

in diam., with small teeth nearly closing the orifice. Corolla white,

glabrous, 5 to 6-lobed; tube about -1 in. long; limb spreading; lobes sub-

equal. Ovary densely hairy. Drupe subglobose, ‘5 to -75 in. in diam.,

indistinctly 4-lobed; pericarp soft, with dense felted stellate or

branched hairs; endocarp thick, bony. Seeds obovoid; testa thin;

cotyledons conform with the seed, fleshy; radicle very small. Gaertn.

Heleiiedoroot. Of: Roxb. Cor. PL 10) t. 6; and HI- ind. I 600;

Wall. Cat. 772; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 622; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

Fl. 199; Bocq. Rev. Verb. 99, t. 10; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. t. 250;

Brandis For. Fl. 354, t. 44; Kurz, For. Fl. IIT. 259; Bl. Bijdr. 820;

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 901; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 570;

Cooke, Fl. Bomb. II. 424; Prain Beng. Plants, 828; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.

VII. 165; Briquet in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 3a, 167,

Amb, ITT, t. 18.

810 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Matay Peninsunta: Burma to Malacca, fide Fl. Br. Ind. &¢.—

Distris. India, Burma, Siam, Sumatra, Java. The teak-tree, often

cultivated (Manacca: Maingay, (K.D.) 1193).

We include here the teak-tree, on the authority of the Fl. Br. Ind., but there are

no specimens from the Malay Peninsula, from wild trees, in either of the herbaria of

Kew or Calcutta. Mr. Ridley informs us that, so far as he is aware, the teak-tree is

nowhere indigenous in the Malay Peninsula.

7. Premna, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing. Leaves opposite or some-

times in whorls of 4, entire or toothed. Flowers in corymbose or

panicled or sometimes thyrsoid, pubescent, terminal cymes; bracts

small, narrow; bracteoles 0. Calyx small, campanulate, truncate,

2-lipped or shortly 2- to 5-toothed. Corolla small; tube short, often

villous within; limb 2-lipped, 5-lobed or subequally 4-lobed. Stamens

4 didynamous, inserted below the throat of the corolla-tube, rarely

exserted; anthers ovate or rounded, the cells parallel or divergent.

Ovary 2- or 4-celled, 4-ovuled; style linear; stigma shortly bifid.

Fruit a small drupe, surrounded below by the calyx, globose or

obovoid ; mesocarp thin, fleshy; endocarp of 1 pyrene, hard, undivided,

4-celled or by abortion 1- to 3-celled, with a central cavity. Seeds

oblong; testa thin; albumen 0; cotyledons flat; radicle inferior.—

Distris. Species 40 or more, in the warmer regions of the Old

World.

Calyx clearly 2-lipped :—

Upper lip of calyx 3-lobed ; lower 2-lobed :—

Leaves prominently crenate-dentate, ovate or ovate-deltoid,

cordate Ae ac 5: ais .. LIL. P. littoralis.

Leaves entire or very obscurely and distantly toothed, ovate 2. P. flavescens

Upper lip of calyx 2-lobed :— var. rubens.

Lower lip of calyx entire or obscurely lobed; corolla-tube

funnel-shaped :—

Cymes in panicles of interrupted spikes; leaves subsessile 3. P. Derryana.

Cymes in corymbose panicles: leaves petioled :—

Corymbs small, under 2 in. in diam. ; leaves under 3°5 in.

long bt a0 50 Oc .. 4. P. integrifolia

var. angustior.

Corymbs rather large, reaching 5 in. in diam.; leaves

over 3 in. long.

Corymbs lax :—

Main nerves of leaves 6 to 8 pairs; leaves acuminate

at apex, truncate or cordate at base; calyx-tube

puberulous Bo St oe .. 5. P. fetida.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 811

Main nerves of leaves 5 to 6 pairs; leaves obtuse

or very shortly acute or acuminate at apex :—

Leaves ovate or elliptic, membrano-chartaceous.. 6. P. divaricata.

Leaves obovate or orbicular, chartaceous .. 7. P. trichostoma.

Leaves elliptic or elliptic lanceolate, coriaceo-

chartaceous .. oe -» 8. P. perakensis.

Main nerves of leaves 4 tah 5 pairs, leaves broadly

elliptic oe 50 os -. 9. P.punctulata.

Corymbs compact :—

Corymbs 3 in. in diam. ; leaves membranous, ovate-

acuminate, cordate or truncate at base, yellowish-

brown when dry D0 90 -- 10. P. cordifolia.

Corymbs 4 to 5 in. in diam.; leaves coriaceous,

elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at

apex, attenuate at base; reddish-brown when dry 11. P. Wrayji.

Corymbs 8 in. in diam. ; leaves membranous, broadly

ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate or cordate at

base; reddish-brown when dry. 20 . 12. P. sterculifolia.

‘Lower lip of calyx 2-lobed, calyx-tube atibquadraneular

leaves under 3 in. long; corymbs rather small; corolla-tube

slender oC 56 50 30 .. 13. P. Ridleyt.

Calyx not 2-lipped :—

Calyx truncate or very obscurely lobed; leaves coriaceous,

elliptic, obtuse at apex, rounded at base . 14. P. Kunstleri.

Calyx subequally 5-lobed; leaves large, stellate Forigntosey 4 as

are branchlets and inflorescence oc a6 .. 15. P. pyramidata.

1. PREMNA LITTORALIS, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 107 (1908).

A small tree; branchlets nearly as thick as a goosequill, obscurely

angled, tawny-pubescent, with small lenticels; the nodes marked by a

ridge connecting the petioles. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; ovate or

ovate-deltoid, acuminate at apex, cordate at base, the sinus -25 to °d in.

deep; both surfaces glabrous except the nerves, which are puberulous ;

margins acutely crenate-dentate except in the curves of the sinus;

4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib strong, raised beneath; main

nerves 7 to 9 pairs, the lowest 1 to 2 pairs starting from the base and

divaricate, the rest starting at an angle of about 50° with the midrib

and curving upwards ; transverse nervules distant, few, not prominent ;

petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, slender, puberulous. Cymes in terminal,

spreading, 3-chotomous, tawny-pubescent corymbs, reaching 4 in. in

length and 6 in. in breadth; peduncles -75 to 1 in. long; primary

branches up to 1°5 in. long, rest gradually shorter; bracts linear, per-

sistent, the lowest sometimes leaf-like ; pedicels very short, with a pair

of minute bracteoles below the calyx; flowers very pale green. Calyx

‘075 to 1 in. long, 2-lipped, upper shortly 3-lobed, lower longer, 2-lobed ;

lobes rounded; tube pubescent without. Corolla 2-lipped, half as long

812 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

again as the calyx; upper lip broad, bifid, lower 3-lobed, the midlobe

longest; all lobes rounded ; tube glabrous without, also within except

the belt of thick villous hairs just below the mouth. Stamens (in bud)

included ; filaments short, thick; anthers reniform, very shortly 1- to

2-mucronate. Ovary subglobose, depressed, glabrous except for a few

glandular scales; style thick; stigma very shortly 2-fid. Drupe

globose, glabrous, fleshy; endocarp tuberculate; cells 4, one only

usually fertile. Seed oblong, acute at each end; testa membranous

with a corky outer layer; cotyledons shortly oblong, obtuse, cordate,

‘05 in. long, fleshy. é

PERAK: sea-coast at Matang, Wray 2719.

2. PREMNA FLAVESCENS, Ham.; Wall. Cat. 2649 (1828); Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 578; Prain Beng. Plants, 831.

Var. rubens, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 578 (1885). A

shrub or small tree (a climber—Koorders ¢ Valeton); branchlets the

size of a crow-quill, grey-pubescent, obscurely angled. Leaves charta-

ceous when dry; ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, cordate or

rounded or somewhat cuneate at base; upper surface shining, sparsely

setulose especially on the nerves, lower surface tawny-pubescent; entire

or the upper half obscurely and distantly toothed; 4 to 6 in. long,

2 to 2°5 in. broad ; midrib rather stout, raised beneath; main nerves

6 to 9 pairs, the lowest 1 or 2 (first very small) pairs from the base, at an

angle of about 40° with the midrib, curving upwards to and along the

margin, the upper ones joining in an intramarginal looped nerve which

ends in the midrib at the acumination; transverse nervules many,

conspicuous on the lower surface; petiole 1 to 1:5 in. long, slender,

puberulous. Cymes in terminal tawny-pubescent corymbs about 4 in.

in diam.; branches 3- then 2-chotomous; peduncle 1 to 2 in. long;

bracts small, linear; pedicels short, under ‘05 in. long; flowers greenish.

Calyx campanulate, ‘(05 to ‘1 in. long, pubescent without, 2-lipped,

upper lip 3-lobed, lower 2-lobed, all lobes obtuse, nearly equal; fruiting

calyx saucer-shaped. Corolla funnel-shaped, :1 to ‘15 in. long, 2-lipped,

upper lip shortly bilobed, reflexed, lower 3-lobed, the midlobe longest

and oblong; tube much villous-hairy within. Stamens exsert; filaments

flattened ; anthers reniform, the cells nearly parallel. Ovary glabrous,

depressed ; style slender, as long as the stamens; stigma 2-lobed, the

lobes slender, horizontally spreading. Drwpe globose, ‘15 to ‘2 in. in

diam., with numerous shining glands; endocarp tuberculate. Seed

oblanceolate, about ‘1 in. long, usually one only in each drupe; coty-

ledons fleshy, ovate-oblong ; radicle thick. P. lucidula, Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 898; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 188.

Manacoa: Ayer Punnas, Griffith (K.D.) 6020.— Disrris. Burma,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 813

Java (Teysmann No. 10; Zollinger 645; Koorders 31425 f), Sumatra

(Forbes 2621—a climbing shrub).

3. Premna DerryAna, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 107 (1908).

A climbing (?) shrub; branchlets smooth, brown, with large circular or

ellliptic lenticels. Leaves membranous when dry, subsessile; elliptic

or obovate, shortly and obtusely acute at apex, attenuate and obscurely

auricled at base; both surfaces shining, glabrous; margins entire; 5 to

8 in. long, 3:5 to 4 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised

beneath ; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, often branched, curving upwards to

and along the margin where they anastomose; transverse nervules

slender, and with the minor reticulations rather prominent. Cymes in

terminal panicles of three to four spikes, each spike with many inter-

rupted glomerules of sessile flowers, the inflorescence 6 to 8 in. long;

main peduncles 2 to 2°5 in. long, secondary peduncles -75 to 1 in. long;

bracts lanceolate, at the main divisions, ‘25 in. long. Calyx deeply

bilabiate ; the upper lip entire at first, afterwards 2-lobed, -125 in. long,

the lower one entire, ‘1 in. long; tube golden-pubescent without.

Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx, glabrous except for a few

villous white hairs in the throat within ; lips 2, posterior lip emarginate,

erect, anterior lip 3-lobed, the lobes obtuse, the midlobe the longest.

Stamens 4 long exsert; filaments puberulous, twisted; anthers reni-

form ; cells opening by oblong pores. Ovary glabrous, depressed ; cells

4, one only apparently seed-bearing; style slender, as long as the sta-

mens; stigma of 2 slender horizontal lobes. Drupe not seen.

Perak: on Lartt Hills, Derry (Curtis 3701).

4, PReMNA INTEGRIFOLIA, Linn. Mant. II. 252 (1771); Cooke FI.

Bomb. II. 426; Prain Beng. Plants, 830. PP. serratifolia, Linn. l. c.

253; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 632; Bedd. For. Man. in Flor. Sylv.

CLXXII.; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 352. P. spinosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ITI.

77. P. sambucina, Wall. Cat. 1775; Schauer, l.c. 631. ‘Gumira

littorea,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. III. 209, t. 134.

Var. angustior, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 574 (1885). A

small shrub, 3 to 6 ft. in height ; branchlets nearly glabrous, the size of

a crow-quill, terete. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtusely acute at

apex, rounded or narrowed at base; glabrous on both sides except on

the midrib and main nerves; margins entire or obscurely crenate-

dentate in the upper half; 2 to 3:5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib

slender, puberulous above and raised, tawny-villous along the sides and

in the axils below; main nerves 4 to 5 pairs, lowest 2 pairs rather close

to the base and long, the rest more spreading and curved upwards to

join in an obscure intramarginal looped nerve; few transverse nervules

and reticulations obscure; petiole slender, puberulous, 25 to ‘din. long.

814 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Corymbs puberulous, terminal or pseudo-axillary in upper axils, up to

2 in. broad; sessile or on peduncles up to 1:din. long; branches at first

3- afterwards 2-chotomous; bracts minute, lanceolate; pedicels very

short; flowers greyish-white. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip with 2 trian-

gular lobes, lower obtuse, obscurely 2- to 3-dentate ; tube rugose and

puberulous without, 05 in. long. Corolla-tube cylindric, ‘1 in. long,

puberulous; limb 2-lipped; upper lip subequally 3-lobed, the middle

lobe slightly the longest and incurved; lower lip rounded obtuse,

rather shorter, scarcely ‘05 in. long; upper half of tube within thickly

_white-villous. Stamens slightly exsert; anther-cells slightly di-

varicate. Drupe obovoid, depressed at top, rugose and obscurely

ribbed, ‘15 in. long; endocarp ribbed, bony, 4-celled. Seeds ovoid,

acute; testa pale, slightly corky ; cotyledons flat, shallowly emarginate

at top.

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Curtis 2955. Prenane: Kunstler (King’s

Collector) 1670; J. Scott. Province WELLESLEY: at Batu Kawan,

Fiidley 9353. Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6030; Maingay (K.D.) 1201.

Sincapore: Lzdley 8900.—Distris. Amherst in Tenasserim, Falconer ;

tidal forests of Tavoy, W. A. Hearsey.

5. PREMNA F@TIDA, Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. 816 (1825). A large

shrub or small tree with spreading branches, reaching 20 to 30 ft. in

height; bark white; branchlets subtetragonous to cylindric, tawny-

pubescent, as are the young leaves, the nerves of the mature leaves, and

the inflorescence; nodes with a prominent villous ridge joining the

bases of the petioles. Leaves chartaceous; ovate, sometimes ovate-

lanceolate, rarely ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded or

truncate or slightly cordate at base; shining on the upper surface and

dark when dry ; paler, often almost grey on the lower surface; margins

entire or slightly repand above; 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad ; midrib

slender, prominent beneath; main nerves 6 to 8 pairs, the lowest 2 pairs

almost from the base, the lowest spreading, the rest at about 45° with

the midrib, gently curving to and along the margin; transverse nervules

rather distant, irregular; petiole:75 to 2 in. long. Corymbs lax, reach-

ing 5 in. long and broad, subsessile or on about 1 in. long peduncles,

3-chotomous below, 2-chotomous above; the branches divaricate; bracts

very small, linear; pedicels short, under -05 in. long; flowers white.

Calyx cup-shaped, ‘05 to :075 in. long, 2-lipped, upper lip acutely

2-lobed, lower very shortly 3-lobed; tube puberulous without. Corolla-

tube funnel-shaped, ‘1 in. long, densely white-villous in the upper half

within ; obscurely 2-lipped, upper lip short, lower 3-lobed, recurved,

the midlobe longest and incurved. Stamens attached to the throat of

the corolla-tube, shortly exsert ; anther-cells elliptic with elliptic pores.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 815

Ovary depressed, glabrous; style short; stigma very shortly bifid.

Drupe globose, 4-sulcate; epicarp rugose; cells 4, all or fewer with

seeds. Seeds fusiform, keeled; testa pale. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.

630; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 891; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 192.

P. opulifolia, Mig. l.c. 898. Gumira fetida, Hassk. in Flora, 25 beibl.

p. 26. ‘ Gumira domestica,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. III. 208, fide

Miq. & Schauer.

KrpaH: near sea-level, Kunstler (King’s Collector) 1737. Prax:

on the coast at Matong, Wray 2493; near sea-level, Kunstler (King’s

Collector) 1016. JoHnore: at Batu Pahat, Ridley 11137. Srincapore:

cult., Rzdley 6893.—Distris. Java (Koorders 20179 B; Zollanger 2740) ;

Borneo (Haviland & Hose 3394, &c.).

We follow Koorders & Valeton in putting P. opulifolia, Miq., under P. fetida,

Reinw. But our specimens agree better with the description of P. opulifolia than

with those of P. fetida. As pointed out by Koorders & Valeton, the description of

the calyx given for P. fetida as “obsolete sub-4-dentatus, vulgo 3-denticulatus, quarto

dente abortivo”’ is abnormal. That given for P. opulifolia is quite correct.

6. Premna pDivaricaTa, Wall. Cat. 1781 (1828). A climbing shrub ;

branchlets slender, terete, nearly black when dry, with sparse rounded

or oblong lenticels. Leaves membranous when young, chartaceous

when older; ovate or elliptic, briefly acute or bluntly acuminate at

apex, rounded or attenuate sometimes subcordate at base; upper sur-

face slightly shining, glabrous except the nerves; lower dull, glabrous

except for villous hairs along the midrib and in the axils of the main

nerves, obscurely dotted; entire; 3 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3:5 in. broad;

midrib slender, slightly impressed above; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, at

an angle of 40° to 60° with the midrib, the lowest 1 to 2 pairs from near

the base, curved upwards to join in loops near the margin; transverse

nervules few, irregular, inconspicuous, as are the finely netted reticula-

tions ; petiole ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, channelled above. Corymbs divaricate,

many-flowered, slightly puberulous, terminal, reaching in fruit 5 in. in

diam., sessile or on peduncles 1 to 2 in. long, 3-chotomous below,

9-chotomous above; bracts linear-lanceolate, small, the lowest some-

times leafy; pedicels very short; flowers greenish-white. Calyx cup-

shaped, prominently 2-lipped, the upper lip much longer than the lower,

with 2 rounded -03 in. long lobes; the lower entire or shortly

3-toothed; tube rugose without and glandular-dotted. Corolla-tube

cylindric, ‘075 in. long, puberulous without, white-villous within on the

upper half; limb 2-lipped; upper lip short, retuse, broad; lower lip

3-lobed, the midlobe longest, up to ‘075 in. Stamens inserted near the

mouth of the corolla-tube, slightly exsert; anther-cells divaricate.

816 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Ovary rounded; style as long as stamens; stigma very shortly bifid.

Drupe ovoid, ‘25 in. long; epicarp smooth; pericarp fleshy ; endocarp

ribbed; pyrenes 3- to 4-celled. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 681; Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 575. P. luctdula, Kurz For. FI. IT. 263,

not of Miq.

PENANG: beach at Tanjong Bunga, Curtis 215. Dinpinas: Pang-

kore Island, Ridley 7180. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1198-9; at

Sungei Hudang, Goodenough 1350. Sincapore: gardens in scrub,

Fiidley 10841.—Distriw. Java.

7. PREMNA TRICHOSTOMA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 892 (1856). A

large climbing shrub, reaching to a considerable height, the stem

reaching 3 to 5 in. in diam.; branchlets thick, shining, glabrous, pale

brown. Leaves at first chartaceous, afterwards subcoriaceous, very

variable; ovate- or obovate-elliptic, sometimes nearly orbicular, shortly

acuminate at apex or sometimes attenuately acute, rounded or subcor-

date or cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces except on the

nerves ; margins entire or sometimes undulate at apex; 4 to 7 in. long,

2 to 5 in. broad; midrib slender, raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 6

pairs, at from 30° to 45° with the midrib, the lowest pair from the base,

the next rather close, the rest distant, all straight at first, then branched

outwards and curved to join near the margin, raised on both surfaces

when old: transverse nervules many; petiole ‘75 to 1 in. long, pube-

rulous. Corymbs terminal, reaching 4 to 8 in. in diam., puberulous,

sessile or on 1 in. long peduncles; branches 3- afterwards 2-chotomous,

thickening in fruit; bracts lanceolate, short; pedicels none; flowers

cream-coloured. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely tetragonous, puberulous

without, ‘05 to ‘07 in. long, 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower

faintly 2-toothed or entire; all teeth less prominent in fruit. Corolla

campanulate; tube ‘1 in. long, densely villous within in the upper half;

limb subequally 4-lobed, the lobes rounded, lower one slightly smaller,

all recurved. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube, long

exsert; filaments slightly flattened ; anther-cells small, rounded, didy-

mous, opening by elongated pores. Stigma 2-fid, the divisions divaricate,

rather long. Drwpe pyriform, 4-celled, one cell only enlarged and seed-

bearing. Seeds oblong, flattened; testa membranous. Koord. & Val.

Bijdr. VII. 184. P. parasitica, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 574,

not of Blume.

KepaH: Langkawi Island, Curtis 2796. Prrax: at waterfall, 300 ft.,

Wray 2403 ; King’s Collector 3008, 10310; Scortechina 192. Manacca:

Griffith 6019. JoHorE: Aidley 11136. Sinearore: Ridley 5026, 6828,

8914.—Disrris. Borneo (Haviland).

8. PREMNA PERAKENSIS, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 107 (1908).

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 817

A shrubby climber; branches brown, sparsely lenticellate, glabrous,

smooth. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate,

sometimes -obovate, shortly and bluntly acute at apex, narrowed or

cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, even the nerves, slightly

rugose; margins entire, slightly recurved; 3 to 5in. long, 1:5 to 2°25 in.

broad; midrib stout, impressed above, raised beneath; main nerves

5 to 6 pairs, also impressed above and raised beneath, the lowest pair

opposite and from close to the base, starting at from 25° to 40° with the

midrib and nearly straight, curving only near the margin where they

form a looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules many, incon-

spicuous ; petiole ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, glabrous, channelled above. Corymbs

spreading, tawny-puberulous, reaching 6 in. in length and in diam.,

3-chotomous, afterwards 2-chotomous, sessile or on stout peduncles

2 to 3 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, those of lower divisions leafy ;

pedicels 0; flowers pale green with white stamens. Calyx obscurely

quadrangular, pubescent, nerved, the nerves prominent in fruiting

examples, ‘06 in. long; 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower entire

or obscurely 2-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped; the tube -125 in. long,

densely white-villous in the upper half; limb subequally 4-lobed, the

lobes recurved, ciliate. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla-

tube, long exsert; filaments somewhat flattened; anther-cells nearly

globose, didymous, opening by circular pores; connective glandular.

Ovary glabrous; style long exsert; stigma divaricately 2-fid. Drupe

smooth, pyriform, one cell only fertile. Seed ovate-oblong, flattened ;

testa membranous.

PERAK: in rocky places in forest, at 800 to 1000 ft., King’s Collector

7247, 10738; Scortechini 516.

This species comes very near to P. trichostoma, but has several important points

of difference, such as the narrower, thicker leaves with glabrous nerves, the darker

branches, the markedly nervose fruiting calyx, the large bracts, and the round open-

ings of the anther-cells, so that we have preferred to describe it as a-species instead of

as a variety. In the corolla it nearly agrees, as also it does in the absence of pedicels

and the one-seeded, pyriform drupe.

9. PREMNA PUNCTULATA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY. 575

(1885). A shrub or small tree; branchlets dark brown, terete, lenti-

cellate. Leaves chartaceous ; broadly elliptic, suddenly shortly acumi-

nate at apex, rounded at base; upper surface glabrous, shining, lower

surface paler, reddish, puncticulate, pubescent on the nerves; margins

entire; 4 to 6 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib prominent; main

nerves 4 to 5 pairs, the lowest pair very small, close to the base, the

next pair a little above, the rest more distant, all curving upwards to

818 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

anastomose near the margin; transverse nervules very prominent, as

is the netted reticulation; petiole 1 in. long, slender, channelled above.

Corymbs many-flowered, terminal, paniculate, pubescent, 4 to 5 in. in

diam. ; lower bracts ‘5 in. long, linear-oblong; pedicels very short or

none. Calyx -06 in. long, minutely grey-pubescent and glandular,

2-lipped, upper lip 2-toothed, lower lip also 2-toothed or subentire.

Corolla tubular, ‘1 in. long, villous at the throat within, glabrous below;

lobes short, rounded. Stamens included; filaments inserted in the

middle of the tube, short; anthers reniform ; cells slightly divergent.

Ovary glabrous; style rather short; stigmatic lobes slender, recurved.

Drupe not known.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1200.

10. PREMNA CoRDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 78 (1832). <A shrub,

reaching 8 to 12 ft. in height, with dark brown bark on the old wood ;

branchlets light brown, darker when dry, the size of a crow-quill,

glabrous, terete. Leaves membranous; ovate or ovate-cordate, acumi-

nate at apex, rounded or cordate at base ; upper surface shining, bullate,

drying brown, glabrous except on the midrib and main nerves; lower

surface also nearly glabrous, yellowish-brown when dry; margins

entire, slightly recurved; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib

slender, but strongly raised beneath; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, at about

50° with the midrib, at first nearly straight and then curving to join in

a looped intramarginal nerve, each pair on the same side joined by few

(4 to 5) irregular transverse nervules and lesser reticulations ; petiole

slender, ‘5 to lin. long; upper side tawny-puberulous. Corymbs many-

flowered, dense, terminal, tawny-puberulous, about 3 in. long, and the

same or rather more in diam.; peduncles 1 to 3 in. long, with tawny-

puberulous leaf-like bracts; bracts of corymb small, lanceolate, acute;

branches at first decussate, then dichotomous; pedicels very short,

rather thick; flowers greyish-white. Calyx ‘lin. long, 2-lipped; upper

lip 2-lobed, lower entire; lips short, broad, rounded. Corolla-tube

‘2 in. long, funnel-shaped, densely villous within; limb 2-lipped; anther-

cells shortly divergent. Ovary glabrous; style as long as corolla-tube.

Drupe obovoid, slightly depressed at top; exocarp thin, shining, black;

mesocarp fleshy ; endocarp hard, pitted, 3- to 4-celled, one cell usually

only fertile. Seed ovoid acute; cotyledons flat, orbicular, -125 in. in

diam. Walp. Rep. IV. 94; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 632, partly, not

of Wight or Bedd.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 895, 2m part only ; Clarke in

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 572.

Prenana: at Tanjong Bunga, Curtis 861; Kunstler (King’s Collector)

1480. Province Weuuestey: at Krian, Radley 9386. SrinGAPore :

Lobb.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 819

11. Premna Wrayi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 108 (1908). A

climbing nearly quite glabrous shrub; branches stout, obscurely quad-

rangular, dark brown; branchlets similar, darker, smooth. Leaves

coriaceous ; elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, gradually acuminate at apex,

attenuate at base, often unequally; shining and glabrous on both sur-

faces except for small tufts of hair in the axils of the main nerves

beneath, olive-brown when dry}; entire; 4 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4 in. broad;

midrib stout, impressed above, prominently raised beneath; main

nerves 6 to 8 pairs, impressed above, raised beneath, the lowest pair

very faint from the base and close to the margin, the next stout and

shortly above, the rest distant at about 50° with the midrib, curving

upwards to and along the margin, the upper ones joined in a looped

intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules straight and fairly regular ;

reticulations rather prominent on the upper surface when dry; petiole

‘dO to 2 in. long, channelled above. Corymbs dense and compact, about

4 to 5 in. broad at top, glabrate or very minutely puberulous on upper

_branches and calyx; lower branches 3-chotomous, upper 2-chotomous,

much ramified and curving inwards; peduncle about 1 in. long, stout ;

main branches 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts very small, linear, the lower

ones leafy; pedicels about ‘05 in. long to the joint below the calyx-

_ tube. Calyx deeply 2-lipped ; the upper lip sharply 2-lobed, the lower

3-toothed; the lobes spreading in the fruiting stage; tube rugose.

Corolla not seen. Drwpe obovoid, :25 in. long and broad; epicarp

rugose, glandular-dotted; pyrenes 4. Seeds plano-convex, ovate,

‘175 in. long ; testa white-corky ; cotyledons oblong, retuse at tip, flat,

fleshy, -15 in. long; radicle 026 in.

PrerAK: at Tapa, Wray 200.

At first sight this species resembles P. Kunstleri in its coriaceous shining leaves

and stout branches, but differs in the more compact corymbs and the deeply lobed calyx.

12. PREMNA STERCULIFOLIA, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 108

(1908). A stout, tree-like, climbing shrub; branches reddish-brown,

smooth; branchlets terete, purple, sparsely scabridly puberulous

Leaves membranous; ovate, acuminate at apex, truncate or somewhat

- cordate at base; both surfaces reddish-brown when dry; upper sparsely

setulose and pubescent on the nerves, lower slightly puberulous,

sparsely glandular-dotted; 4 to 9 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad; midrib

prominent, channelled above, raised beneath; main nerves 6 pairs,

raised beneath, the 2 lowest pairs from close to the base spreading,

the rest at about 40° with the midrib, curved upwards to and along the

margin, joined by prominent transverse nervules; petiole 2 to 4 in. long,

channelled above. Cymes in large spreading, slightly puberulous

820 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

many-flowered paniculate corymbs reaching 9 in. long and 8 in. broad;

peduncles stout, 3 to 4 in. long; branches 3-chotomous at first, after-

wards 2-chotomous; ultimate cymules crowded; bracts linear, very

small, caducous ; pedicels short, slender; flowers pale green. Calyx cam-

panulate, obscurely 2-lipped; the upper lip nearly entire, the lower entire

or obscurely toothed; tube ‘05 in. long, glandular and puberulous, scaly

without. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, puberulous, -125 in. long, densely

white-villous within except at the base; 2-lipped, upper of 1 short

recurved lobe, lower of 3 recurved obtuse lobes, the midlobe the longest,

‘075 in. long. Stamens exsert; the filaments twisted; anthers ellipsoid,

divaricate. Ovary glabrous, depressed; style slender, nearly -25 in. long ;

stigma bifid with slender spreading lobes. Drupe globose, depressed,

much tuberculate and red when dry; pyrene woody, tuberculate, roughly

’ 4-angled. Seeds usually 1 only perfect, obovate, -1 in. long; testa mem-

branous; cotyledons conform to the seed, fleshy; radicle pointed.

Perak: at waterfall, Wray 1828; Scortechint; King’s Collector

3067, 7531, 8373.

Var. cordata, King & Gamble, l.c. Leaves more deeply cordate at

base; branches of inflorescence more distant than in type; calyx with

upper lip 2-lobed, the lower entire or obscurely toothed.

Perak: Scortechini 273.

13. Premna Ripueyi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 109 (1908). A

climbing shrub; branches stout, with grey shining bark; branchlets

slender, terete, brown. Leaves chartaceous, opposite or sometimes one

of each pair rather higher than the other; ovate, ovate-oblong or

slightly obovate, rounded or very shortly acute at apex, rounded or

attenuate often unequally at base; both surfaces glabrous and dull;

margins entire; 1-5 to 3 in. long, -75 to 1:5 in. broad; midrib slender ;

main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs from the base, at an

angle of 30° to 40° with the midrib, straight at first, then gently curved

to and along the margin; transverse nervules and reticulations faint ;

petiole slender, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long. Corymbs terminal, 1-5 to 5 in. long,

and 2 to 5 in. broad, many-flowered, tawny-puberulous; peduncles

‘75 to 2 in. long; branches at first 3- afterwards 2-chotomous; bracts

linear-lanceolate, small; pedicels none or minute; flowers greenish-

white. Calyx campanulate, subquadrangular, 2-lipped, each lip 2-lobed,

with minute teeth ; tube ‘05 in. long, puberulous. Corolla-tube some-

what tubular, slender, 1 in. long, puberulous in the lower half within,

long white-villous in the upper; lobes 4, equal, oblong, rounded at tip,

‘05 to 075 in. long, incurved at length. Stamens inserted, 2 upper at

the top of the throat of the corolla-tube, 2 lower lower down; filaments

slightly flattened, long exsert; anthers small; cells rounded, slightly

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 821

divaricate ; connective glandular on the back. Ovary rounded, glabrous ;

style as long as stamens, ‘2 in.; stigma bifid; the lobes -025 in. long,

usually recurved. Drwpe not seen.

PerAK: Scortechim 455. SInGAPoRE: garden jungle, Ridley 6826.

14. Premna Kunstueri, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 109 (1908). A

large shrub or small tree, nearly quite glabrous, sometimes climbing ;

branches stout, thick, purplish-brown ; branchlets the size of a quill,

terete, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic,

sometimes elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse at tip with a short blunt

abrupt acumination, rounded or subcordate at base; both surfaces gla-

brous, more or less shining when dry; margins entire, slightly recurved ;

4 to 7 in. long, 2°5 to 4 in. broad; midrib very stout, impressed above,

raised prominently beneath ; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs at from 50° to 60°

with the midrib, the lowest pair small, from the base, the second from

close above it, the rest more distant, all curved upwards to join in a

looped intramarginal nerve and joined by four irregular transverse

veinlets ; reticulations minutely netted, forming a prominent network on

the upper surface when dry; petiole ‘75 to 1:25 in. long, smooth but

channelled above. Corymbs terminal, spreading, long-branched, 3-choto-

mous below, 2-chotomous above, glabrous except for very minute spare

tawny pubescence on the upper branches and calyx-tube, sessile or pedun-

culate, the peduncle or primary branches 3 to 4 in. long, the whole corymb

reaching 7 in. in length and 5 in. in breadth; bracts linear or linear-

lanceolate, the lower ones leafy; pedicels very short, less than -05 in. to

the joint under the calyx-tube ; flowers pale greenish-white. Calyx cup-

shaped, :075 in. long, truncate or very obscurely 2-lipped, in fruit very

shallow and almost quite entire. Corolla-tube tubular, :125 in. long,

the lower half glabrous and almost hyaline, the upper shortly white-

villous ; limb 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed, the midlobe longest, the two

others and the upper lip equal, all erect or incurved. Stamens shortly

exsert, attached just below the mouth of the corolla-tube; anther-

cells rounded, slightly divaricate, pores elliptic. Ovary glabrous,

depressed, 4-celled; style as long as stamens ; stigma very shortly bifid.

Drupe obovoid, faintly ribbed, -25 in. long; epicarp smooth, waxy-

white (Kunstler); pyrenes 4-celled, one or more cells fertile. Seeds

obovate, plano-convex, ‘15 to -2 in. long; testa white, corky ; cotyledons

flat, fleshy, -15 in. long, -1 in. broad, retuse at tip ; radicle minute.

PERAK: on low ground, under 500 ft. in alt. King’s Collector 938,

4723, 5949. Manacca: at Sungli Udang, Goodenough 1350.

To this species we also refer Forbes’ No. 1424 from the Lampongs, Sumatra, but the

leaves reach over 8 in. in length and 5 in. in breadth with slightly attenuate bases,

and the fruiting calyx is rather more 2-lipped.

822 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

15. PREMNA PyRAMIDATA, Wall. Cat. 1779 (1827). A small or

medium-sized tree (a large tree—Wallich), reaching 40 to 50 ft. in

height, and up to 5 ft. in girth; bark light greyish-brown; branches

stout, pale brown; branchlets obscurely quadrangular, stellately tomen-

tose with tawny tomentum. Leaves chartaceous ; ovate, acuminate at

apex, cordate or rounded sometimes attenuate at base; both surfaces

brown when dry, the upper dark glabrous except on the nerves, the

lower pale glabrescent; margins entire; 6 to 14 in. long, 3 to 8 in.

broad; midrib stout, stellate-tomentose on both surfaces: main nerves

7 to 10 pairs, the lowest two pairs from near the base, the rest distant

at an angle of about 60° with the midrib, curving gently upwards and

joined by many regular transverse nervules very prominent on the

under surface ; petiole 1 to 4 in. long, channelled above, stellately scurfy-

pubescent. Cymes in large terminal stellately-pubescent pyramidal

panicles or corymbs, reaching 12 in. in length, and 6 to 9 in. in breadth ;

common peduncle 1 to 3 in. long; branches at first 3- afterwards

2-chotomous, usually ascending; bracts many, linear, reaching ‘5 in.

long ; flowers crowded at the ends of the branches on very short pedi-

cels, greenish-white. Calyx campanulate, glabrous within, stellately-

pubescent without; tube 075 in. long ; teeth 5, subequal, about -025 in.

long, the posterior three thickened, the two anterior shorter and more

slender. Corolla bilabiate, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long; upper lip broad; lower

lip 3-lobed, the midlobe the longest and spreading, the side lobes

shorter and more obtuse, usually incurved ; tube with a ring of retrorse -

stiff hairs at the throat, otherwise glabrous. Stamens 4, included;

anther-cells elliptic, slightly divaricate; filaments stout. Ovary

glabrous, depressed; style thickened with very shortly bifid stigma.

Drupe globose or obovoid, glabrous, depressed at top, ‘2 to -25 in. in

diam.; pericarp fleshy; pyrene rugose, very hard, 4-celled. Seed

usually 1 only, oblong. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 633; Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. II. 897; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 576. P. tomentosa, Kurz For.

Fl. II. 260.

Perak: Wray 3691; Scortechint; at Kwala Dipang, Adley 9699 ;

King’s Collector 923, 2039, 2667, 6851, 10298. Srnancor: Radley

7596.—Distris. Burma (Wallich 1779), Java (Teysmann 14), Timor

(Forbes 3892), &e.

We have identified Teysmann’s Java specimens as belonging to P. pyramidata,

but we are not sure if Koorders & Valeton (Bijdr. VII. 179) considered them to belong

to their P. tomentosa, which, judging by Koorders’ own specimens 9714 @ in the

Calcutta Herbarium, is not P. pyramidata. We have, therefore, not quoted Koorders

& Valeton. We agree with Sir D. Brandis (‘Indian Trees,’ 511) in thinking that

P. bengalensis, Clarke, is probably only a narrow-leaved form of P. pyramidata.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 823

A specimen bearing Father Scortechini’s ticket, but without number and without

any note of locality, appears to be Premna acuminata, R. Br. Prod. Noy.-Holl. 512;

Benth. & Muell. Fl. Aust. V. 60, a North Australian species with long-petioled, cor-

date-ovate, deltoid, poplar-like leaves, and very loose panicles. It may very likely

have been collected in a Botanic Garden.

A specimen collected by R. Derry at Bukit Borwang, Malacca, is too incomplete

for identification. It may belong to P. lewcostoma, Miq. F1 Ind. Bat. II. 899.

8. Gmuewina, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, unarmed or armed with axillary divaricate spines

(abortive branchlets). Leaves opposite, entire or more or less lobed. |

Flowers large, yellow or brownish-yellow, often tomentose, in dense or

lax sessile or pedunculate cymes along the branches of a terminal pani-

cle; bracts usually small, sometimes large, leafy and coloured. Calyx

campanulate, 4- to 5-toothed or subentire, persistent and unaltered in

fruit. Corolla obliquely campanulate or funnel-shaped; tube slender

below, much dilated above; limb spreading, oblique, 4- to 5-lobed.

Stamens 4 didynamous, inserted below the throat of the corolla,

included; anthers pendulous, with oblong sub-separate cells. Ovary

4-celled, the cells 1-ovuled; style slender ; stigma shortly 2-fid; ovules

laterally attached to the septum at their middle or higher. Frwit a

succulent drupe ; endocarp bony, 2- to 4-celled, usually with a conical

hollow in the middle open on one side. Seeds oblong; testa thin, with a

corky layer outside; albumen none ; cotyledons fleshy; radicle inferior.

—Distris. Species about 11, in India, Malaya, China and Austvralia.

Leaves glaucescent beneath with minute glands, usually 3- or more

lobed 5c o6 .. 1. G. asiatica.

Leaves fulyous-tomentose beneath, rarely lobed wa oe) 22) Ganallosas

G. Hystrix, Schultes ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. XXXIX. ii. 81 (1870), and For.

Fl. II. 265, is a large spinous scandent shrub with very large coloured bracts, a native

of Siam and the Philippines, also, according to Kurz, Tenasserim. It is probably

only a garden escape in Singapore (Garden road, Ridley 3944).

1. Guewrna asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 626 (1753). A much-branched

spinous straggling shrub ; bark yellowish-white ; branchlets horizontal,

rigid, puberulous, the smaller ones often becoming spines at their ends.

Leaves membranous ; ovate or elliptic or obovate, often 3- or more lobed,

the midlobe the longest; upper surface glabrous, lower surface

glaucescent from a coating of minute round glands, and villous on the

nerves; margins entire except for the 3 or sometimes more lobes

which point upwards; °75 to 1°5 in. long, ‘5 to 1 in. broad; midrib

slender; main nerves 2 to 3 pairs; reticulations few; petiole very

824 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

slender, up to ‘5 in. long. Racemes fulvous-tomentose, terminal, 1 to

2 in. long; cymules very short; bracts small, caducous; pedicels very

short flowers bright yellow. Calyx :15 to -2 in. long; tube with large

flattened glands, otherwise pubescent ; teeth 4, very small, triangular,

acute. Corolla 2-lipped, obliquely funnel-shaped, puberulous without,

nearly 2 in. in length; tube slender below, gradually inflated above ;

lobes 4, ovate, more or less rounded, the lowest the longest. Stamens

curved, slightly exsert; filaments thickened, pubescent; anther-cells

opening in a horseshoe, connective flattened, all 4 similar. Ovary

depressed, glabrous; style slender, exsert; stigma 2-lobed. Drupe

obovoid, yellow when ripe, ‘75 in. long; pyrene pyriform with a basal

cavity, bony. Seeds usually 1 or 2 only, oblong at base; testa mem-

branous with a corky covering; albumen fleshy. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ITI,

87; Lamk. Ill. t. 542; Wall. Cat. 1818 (2m part); Schauer in DC. Prodr.

XI. 679; Wight Il. t. 174; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CXXXIT; Brandis For. Fl.

365 ; Blume Bijdr. 814 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. IT. 866; Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 582; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 355; Cooke Bomb. FI. IT.

495; Prain Beng. Plants 829. G. coromandeliana, Burm. Fl. Ind.

132. G. lobata, Gaertn. Fruct. I. 268, t. 56, excl. syn. Rumph. G.

parvifolia, Roxb. Cor. Pl. II. 32, t. 162; Wall. Cat. 2654; Schauer, J. c.

G. parviflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind III. 87. G. inermis, Blanco FI. Filip. 493.

Michela spinosa, Amman. in Act. Petrop. VIII. 218, t. 18.

PERAK: Scortechini. StnGarore: T. Anderson 135; Kurz; Kunstler

102.—Distris. India (Deccan Peninsula), Ceylon, Java, Borneo, &c.

2. GMELINA viILLOsA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46 (1814), and FI. Ind. IIT.

86 (1832). A large straggling shrub or small tree with olive-coloured

bark; branches spreading and drooping; branchlets round, villous ;

spines straight, axillary, -25 to ‘din. long. Leaves membranous

when dry ; ovate trapeziform, acute at apex, cuneate at base; upper

surface pubescent when young, glabrous and dark-coloured when old;

lower surface fulvous-tomentose ; margins entire or sometimes obscurely

lobed ; 1 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2:5 in. broad ; midrib slender, raised beneath ;

main nerves pubescent above, 3 to 4 pairs, the lowest pair from just

above the base; transverse nervules slender, nearly horizontal; petiole

slender, °75 to 1° in. long, channelled above. Racemes fulvous-tomen-

tose, 1 to 2 in. long; cymules very short; bracts ovate-lanceolate,

cuspidate, about ‘5 in. long, more or less leafy, deciduous when the flowers

open; pedicels very short; flowers yellow. Calyx ‘15 in. long; tube

with 3 or more large glands on the under side; teeth 4, small, trian-

gular, acute. Corolla-tube slender below for nearly ‘5 in., then obliquely

expanded for nearly 1 in., including the 4 lobes, the lowest of which is

longest. Anthers, especially of longer pair of stamens, with the connec-

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 825

tive enlarged behind. Style slender, as long as the longer pair of

stamens; stigma 2-lobed, lobes unequal. Druwpe globose, yellow when

ripe, fleshy, -75 in. in diam. ; pyrene pyriform, ‘5 in. long, with a cavity

opening on one side at the base; endocarp very hard, thick. Seeds

usually 1 to 2 only fertile, compressed, acute at the ends; cotyledons

fleshy, obcordate, -25 in. long; radicle very small. Jack in Mal. Mise. I.

17, and in Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 284; Wall. Cat. 1816; Schauer in DC.

Prodr. XI. 679; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 867 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 582; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 198. G. astateca, Wall. Cat.

1818 (cn part); Kurz For. Fl. II. 265 (not of Linn.). Gmelina, sp.n. 2,

Griff. Notul. IV. 179. ‘ Radix deipara,’ Rumph. Herb. Amb. II. 124,

ico:

Kepau: Langkawi Island, Curtis. Penana: Wallich1816; Phillips ;

G. King ; Curtis 454. Prrax: Wray 734; Scortechina 740. Matacca:

Griffith 6057 ; Maingay (K.D.) 1189. Styaarpore: G. Thomson ; Kurz;

T. Anderson; Deschamps; Kunstler 103.—Distris. Burma (Kurz),

Nicobars (Kurz), Siam, Java, Sumatra (forbes 1576, 2642).

9. CLERODENDRON, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes straggling or climbing. Leaves opposite

or rarely verticillate, simple, entire or dentate or angularly-lobed.

Flowers small or large, of various colours, in axillary cymes or termi-

nal panicles, often leafy below; bracts conspicuous or small ; bracteoles

0 or very small. Calyx campanulate, rarely tubular, truncate, 5-toothed

or almost 5-partite, persistent, often accrescent, often coloured in fruit.

Corolla hypocrateriform or infundibular; tube usually long, slender ;

limb usually oblique, more or less 2-lipped, 5-lobed, the lobes spreading.

Stamens 4 didynamous, long-exserted; filaments filiform, involute in

the bud; anthers ovate or oblong, more or less uniform; cells parallel,

adherent above, separate below; filaments attached at the notch.

Ovary imperfectly 4-celled, the cells 1-ovuled; style filiform; stigma

shortly bifid. rut a globose, succulent or rarely dry drupe, 4-grooved

or 4-lobed, separating into 4 pyrenes, of which 1 to 3 are sometimes

suppressed; exocarp usually fleshy; endocarp bony or crustaceous.

Seeds oblong or pyriform ; albumen 0; cotyledons thick, fleshy ; radicle

very small, inferior.—Dristris. 100 to 120 species, in the warm regions

of both hemispheres, but chiefly in the eastern.

Corolla hypocrateriform, the tube rarely more than 1 in. in

length (Subgenus 1. HucLERODENDRON) :—

Cymes axillary :-—

Cymes few-flowered from most axils; leaves small; calyx-

teeth very short ae ye a .. L. C. neriifolium.

826 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cymes in deflexed, pedunculate, close panicles, from

upper axils; leaves large; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate,

over ‘2 in. long 50 : 2.

Cymes in leafy panicles, the onan asinahas appearing

axillary :—

Leaves and inflorescence glabrous or only slightly pube-

rulous; leaves usually over 1 in. broad, Wi

membranous Bro

Leaves and vniflpkeeeante ScabTOue: hispid, more or eas

pubescent; leaves under 1 in. broad, acute, charta-

ceous 60 ate T ae fe OAR

Cymes in terminal panicles :—

Leaves oblong or lanceolate :—

Panicles more or less pendulous, long-pedunculate :—

Leaves 1 to 3 in. broad; calyx-lobes lanceolate,

acute bo B

Leaves 2 to 6 in. pronae dulee: lobes Sonia cuspidate 6.

Panicles erect, short-pedunculate or sessile :—

Leaves entire; calyx cleft nearly to the base ;

fistular :—

Leaves glabrous; main nerves distant ; calyx-lobes

acuminate with incurved tips ae 7

Leaves puberulous; main nerves rather alee « :

stems

calyx-lobes acute, glandular a6 8.

Leaves serrate, rarely entire; calyx truncate; teeta

minute 5 ar Pena ese

Leaves ovate, aganlly aprdate at base :—

Panicles pyramidal, thyrsoid ; leaves hairy :—

Corolla-tube over ‘5 in. long; leaf-margins den-

tate Bis ae a .. 10.

Corolla-tube under °3 in. long; leaf-margins

entire aie anal

Panicles corymbose ; foaves pldbeouel coral tape

over ‘75 in. long , a li2e

Leaves usually 3 to 7- Tene under panic promi-

nently glandular .. 13

C. deflecum.

C. disparifolium.

C. lankawiense.

C. penduliflorum.

C. umbratile.

. C. myrmecophilum.

C. Curtisii.

C. serratum

var. Wallichit.

C. infortunatum.

C. villosum.

C. Colebrookianum.

. C. paniculatum..

Corolla infundibuliform, the tube more ethan 1 in. in length

(Subgenus 2. SrpHONANTHUS) :—

Leaves usually verticillate, lanceolate; panicle very long,

many-flowered ; drupe blue ot ac .. 14. C. Siphonanthus.

Leaves opposite, elliptic or. ovate; panicle short, few-

flowered; drupe red ve .. 15. C. Ridleyi.

The following species are found in cultivation or as escapes fou

cultivation :—

CLERODENDRON FRAGRANS, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, IV. 63

(1812). A double-flowered shrub, with large leaves of unpleasant

odour, the flowers white merging into dark purple and fragrant.—

SrvnGarorE: Deschamps; King’s Collector 304.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 827

C. cauamitosum, Linn. Mant. 90 (1767). A slender white-flowered

shrub, native of Java and often found in gardens. In the Fl. Br. Ind.

it has been described as a Malacca species on the authority of Main-

gay’s specimen, but Mr. Ridley informs us that in his opinion the

plant is not indigenous and that Maingay’s specimen came, in all

probability, from a garden escape.

C. THomson2, Balf. f. in. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. VII. 265, t. 7, and

580, t. 16 (1863). A climbing shrub, native of Tropical Africa, with

opposite ovate leaves and terminal lax cymes of flowers with a white calyx

and crimson corolla. PENANG: Curtis 124. Srncarore: Deschamps.

C. sguamatum, Vahl Symb. II. 74 (1791). An erect shrub, native

of India, China, and Sumatra, with ovate cordate leaves and scarlet

flowers in large panicles.—SincaPore: Ridley 9209.

1. CLERODENDRON NERIIFOLIUM, Wall. Cat. 1789 (1828). A strag-

gling shrub ; branches ashy-grey, lenticellate; branchlets slender, grey-

ish-brown. Leaves membranous, ternate or opposite ; elliptic, acute or

rounded often slightly emarginate at apex, shortly attenuate at base;

glabrous, or, when young, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces ; margins

entire; 1:5 to 3°5 in. long, ‘75 to 1°75 in. broad; midrib slender; main

nerves about 5 pairs, straight or branched to meet in an obscure looped

intramarginal nerve; reticulations finely netted; petiole slender, °25 to

‘O in. long. Cymes axillary, umbellate, sometimes in a 7-flowered

dichasium, often only 3-flowered; peduncle 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts

linear, setaceous; bracteoles similar but smaller; pedicels -15 to -25 in.

long; flowers white, purplish-pink (Forbes). Calyx tubular-campanu-

late, enlarged in fruit and then cup-shaped; tube -15 in. long, pubescent

and gland-dotted without; teeth 5, minute. Corolla-tube very

slender, -75 to 1 in. long; gland-dotted without, villous within; lobes 5,

spreading, unequal, somewhat oblong, about -25 in. long. Stamens red,

long-exserted ; anther-cells oblong, parallel. Ovary cylindric, obtuse ;

style very slender; stigma shortly bifid. Drupe obovoid, ‘5 in. long,

4 in. in diameter ; top depressed; exocarp spongy; pyrenes 4 readily sepa-

rating, endocarp crustaceous. Seed obovoid; testa thin; cotyledons

oblong, thick, fleshy ; radicle very short, thick. Schauer in DC. Prodr.

“XI.660; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 839 ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. LV. 589 ;

Prain Beng. Plants 835. C. imerme, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 271, and F'.

Austral. V. 61; Schauer J. c. (in part); Wall. Cat. 1788, Sheet 1 or a.

C. merme var. neriifolua, Kurz For. Fl. I. 266. Volkameria neriifolia,

Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. 64. “ Jasminum litorewm,” Rumph. Herb. Amb. Y.

t. 46.

Kepan: in Langkawi Island, Curtis (Hamad). PENANG: at Batu

Ferengy, Curtis 2782; (or Stncapore), Wallich 1788, 1. Prrax: at

828 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Krian, Scortechini 13882. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6056,1 ; on swampy

ground near the sea, Maingay (K.D.) 1188. JonorE: G. King. SInGa-

PoRE: Kunstler 59; Hullett 143; seashore, Deschamps.— DistTRIB.

India (Chittagong at Mascal Island), Burma (Arracan and Tenasserim

coasts), Sumatra (Forbes 1802), Borneo (Haviland 1018, 3555), Siam,

Philippine Islands, China, Australia, Polynesia.

A coast plant, similar to C. inerme, Gaertn., of the coasts of India, and con-

sidered by some to be a variety of it. It is distinguished by the leaves of different

shape and texture, the smaller and more slender and glandular corolla, and the larger

drupe. The leaves are sometimes lanceolate (see Roxb. Ic. No. 2524).

9. CLERODENDRON DEFLEXUM, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III. 10, t. 215

(1832), and Cat. 1808. A shrub, reaching in height 4 ft. (Wallich), 4 to

6 ft. (Kunstler) ; branches obscurely quadrangular, furrowed, pubescent,

pale-brown. Leaves opposite, membranous when dry; variable in

shape, elliptic oblong-obovate or oblanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate at

apex, rounded or cuneate at base; upper surface slightly pubescent

when young, afterwards glabrous except on the nerves; lower surface

softly pubescent, at length glabrate; margins entire or slightly undu-

late repand ; 6 to 16 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad; midrib strong, promi-

nent beneath, pubescent; main nerves 10 to 16 pairs, prominent

beneath, the lowest pair from the base at an acute angle, the rest cury-

ing upwards to and along the margin; transverse nervules rather

regular and conspicuous in old leaves ; reticulations netted ; petiole 1 to

2°5 in. long, pubescent, swollen above and below, channelled on the

upper side. Panicles corymbose, axillary in the ultimate or penulti-

mate axils of the branches, usually deflexed at right angles to the

branch ; peduncles 1 to 8 in. long, with 1 or 2 pairs of bracts ike small

leaves along them; bracts of the inflorescence lanceolate; corymbs

crowded with single flowers or short trichotomous cymes, very many-

flowered; bracteoles many, linear; peduncles, bracts, branches and

calyx all red when fresh; buds clavate; flowers white tinged with

pink. Calyx-tube very short, scarcely ‘1 in. long ; lobes linear-lanceo-

late, erect, pubescent, -2 to 3 in. long; fruiting calyx enlarged and

stellately spreading. Corolla-tube very slender, -5 to ‘75 in. long,

glabrous; lobes subequal, spreading, spathulate, up to -25 in. long.

Stamens long-exsert, filaments very slender, glabrous, anthers oblong ;

cells parallel. Ovary rounded, obtuse; style very slender; stigmatic

branches short. Druwpe purple, globose, depressed, smooth, with 4 or

fewer pyrenes; pyrenes pyriform, ‘35 in. long, -25 in. broad ; endocarp

crustaceous, reticulate; seeds conform to the pyrenes; testa membranous;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 829

cotyledons unequal, fleshy ; radicle very small. Schauer in DC. Prodr.

XI. 665; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 875; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

TV. 593.

Prenane: Porter (Wallich 1808); Curtis 81. Prax: at Gunong

Tjuk, &e., Scortechini 433, 1230; at Tapa, Waterfall, Maxwell’s Hill,

&e., Wray 1359, 1414, 2661, 3231, 4203; at Goping, Bukit Bingarang,

&e., King’s Collector (Kunstler) 168, 307, 1875, 6818. Manacca : Cuming

2368 ; Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1185; Hullett 404; at St. John’s Hill,

Hervey; at Ayer Punas, Derry 296. JoHorE: G. King. SINGAPORE :

Wallich (cf. Pl. As. Rar.) ; Walker 257, 288 ; G. King.

3. CLERODENDRON DISPARIFOLIUM, Blume Bijdr. 809 (1826). A

shrub or small tree, reaching sometimes 20 ft. or more in height;

branches pale brown, lenticellate, obscurely quadrangular; branchlets

similar, slender, puberulous. Leaves membranous, the pairs more

usually equal but occasionally unequal in size ; oblong- or elliptic-lanceo-

late, long-acuminate at apex, acuminate or acute occasionally almost

rounded at base; glabrous and pale on both surfaces except sometimes on

the midrib beneath; margins entire or undulate, or obscurely toothed;

variable in size as in shape, 2 to 7 in. long, ‘75 to 2°5 in. broad; midrib

slender ; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, the lowest from close above the base

and at about 20° to 30° with the midrib, the rest distant, starting at

50° to 60° with the midrib and curving upwards to near the margin, the

upper ones joining in an intramarginal looped nerve; reticulations

distant, transverse, not prominent ; petiole slender, variable, °5 to 2:5 in.

long, often twisted at base. Cymes puberulous, in lax spreading ter-

minal or axillary brachiate panicles; the branches slender, repeatedly

trichotomous ; terminal ones sometimes up to 6 in. long, axillary ones

about 2 to 3 in. long; peduncles very slender; bracts linear, usually

about *25 in. long, those of main branches sometimes leafy, caducous

after flowering; pedicels filiform, ‘25 to ‘5 in. long; buds clavate;

flowers pale yelow. Calyx reddish; tube campanulate, about :1 in.

long ; lobes as long as tube, triangular, acute, prominently nerved; the

calyx enlarged in fruit to about ‘5 in. long, with dark red reflexed lobes.

Corolla-tube slender, -5 to ‘75 in. long, glabrous without, puberulous

within; lobes 5, subequal, spathulate, -2 to -25 in. long. Stamens

exsert. Ovary glabrous ; style as long as stamens; stigma shortly bifid.

Drupe globose, succulent, ‘25 in. in diameter. Seeds usually 2 fertile,

ovoid; testa thin, wrinkled; cotyledons thick, fleshy; radicle minute.

Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 672; Hassk. Retzia i. 57 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat.

II. 871; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 589; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.

VII. 212. C. acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 1792; Schauer /.c. 662; Miq.

l.c. 869. C. Jackianwm, Wall. Cat. 1794, andin Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 284

830 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

(note to C. nutans, Jack); Bot. Mag. t. 3049 (im note); Schauer l.c.,

664 ; Mig. l.c. 872.

KepaH: at Pulau Songsong, Curtis. Penance: at Penara Bukit,

Curtis 1539. Prrak: Wray 1352, 2841; Curtis 20438, 3196, 3333;

King’s Collector 751, 879, 2301, 4130, 4331, 4832, 5197?, 8772;

Scortechint 297, 314, 922. Dinpines: Pangkore, Scortechini 1011;

Curtis 1638. SELancor: Curtis 3778. Manacca: Griffith; Harvey ;

Cuming 2378, 2395; Ridley 378; Derry 414; Holmberg 810; Good-

enough 1773. JoHorE: Cantley 19. Sineapore: Wallich 1792 c ;

Lobb; Ridley; G. King; Maingay (K.D.) 1186; Deschamps ; Murton

93; Walker 54; Kunstler 1, 119.—Distr1e. Malay Archipelago.

4, CLERODENDRON LANKAWIENSE, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 110

(1908). A shrub; branchlets scabrid-puberulous, obtusely quadrangular,

channelled. Leaves chartaceous, opposite; oblong-lanceolate or oblan-

ceolate, acute at apex, attenuate at base; both surfaces sparsely glabrous-

hispid, pubescent on the nerves beneath; margins entire; 3 to 4 in.

long, ‘5 to 1 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving

acutely upwards to and along the margin; transverse nervules few,

irregular ; reticulations netted ; petiole -25 in. long, scabrid-pubescent.

Panicle leafy, terminal, pyramidal, thyrsoid, reaching 10 in. in length

and 4 in. in diam., scabrid-pubescent ; branches at about 1 in. intervals,

pedunculate, ending in rather few-flowered trichotomous cymes ; bracts

leaf-like, lanceolate ; bracteoles small, setaceous ; pedicels slender, about

‘2 in. long; buds clavate up to ‘75 in. long. Calyx campanulate,

scabrous-hispid without, glabrous and with large peltate glands within,

cleft about two-thirds down, prominently nerved; lobes ovate, acute,

‘2 to -25 in. long, ‘1 in. broad at base. Corolla-tube slender, pubescent,

cylindric, ‘5 in. long ; lobes spreading, obovate, the midlobe of the lower

lip longer than the rest. Stamens long-exsert; filaments very slender,

glabrous ; anthers oblong, -075 in. long; cells parallel. Ovary rounded,

obtuse; style very slender; stigmatic lobes very short. rwit not

seen.

KepaH: at Terutau on Langkawi Island, Curtis 3789.

Only one specimen of this species is available. It is near C. Grifithianum,

Clarke, but differs in the inflorescence, calyx, &c.

5. CLERODENDRON PENDULIFLORUM, Wall. Cat. 1795 (1828). A

shrub ; branchlets pale-brown, pubescent, quadrangular. Leaves mem-

branous, opposite or ternate ; ovate or lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,

long-acuminate at apex, acute at base; glabrous on both surfaces,

glaucescent on the lower; margins entire or sometimes crenulate ;

5 to 8 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 5 to 7

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 831

pairs, distant, at once curving upwards to and along the margin ;

reticulations distant, obscure; petiole ‘5 to 2 in. long, slender, chan-

nelled. Panicle elongate, very lax, usually pendulous, glabrous or

puberulous, long-pedunculate, reaching about 15 in. in length and up

to 4 in. in greatest diameter; branches distant, opposite, bearing few-

flowered umbellate cymules on slender peduncles ‘5 to 1 in. long; bracts

linear, subulate, :15 to -2 in. long; pedicels slender, ‘1 to -15 in. long;

flowers white; the rachis and calyx red. Calyx glabrous, deeply lobed;

tube ‘1 in. long; lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3 in. long; somewhat

enlarged, reddish and reflexed in fruit. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped,

curved, slender, ‘5 in. long, slightly glandular-pubescent ; lobes oblong-

spathulate, rounded, the 2 lower slightly emarginate, about as long as

the tube. Stamens exsert; anther-cells incurved so as slightly to over-

lap. Ovary cylindric, truncate; style slender; stigma shortly 2-fid.

Drwpe fleshy, globose, -25 to °35 in. in diam.; pyrenes 4, thin-walled.

Seed usually one only; testa membranous, rugose; cotyledons thick,

fleshy. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 664; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 591; Bot. Mag. t. 3049 (a note).

PENANG: at Penara Bukit and base of Penang Hill, fudley 6947,

7181; Curtis; Deschamps. Prrax: at Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1612.

SELANGOR: Caves, Gua Batu, fudley 8212—Disrriz. Burma

(Arracan (Kurz), Tenasserim (Helfer (K.D.) 6047), Tavoy (Wallich 1795) ),

Nicobar Islands.

6. CLERODENDRON UMBRATILE, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 110

(1908). A shrub or small tree, reaching 8 to 15 ft.in height ; branchlets

pale-brown, smooth, fistular. Leaves membranous ; variable in shape,

usually oblong or obovate or oblanceolate, the broadest part about two-

thirds up or even higher, long and rather suddenly acuminate at apex,

usually rounded but sometimes attenuate at base; glabrous on both

surfaces ; entire; 8 to 16 in. long, 2 to 6 in. broad; midrib rather slender ;

main nerves 8 to 12 pairs, slender, the lowest pair usually from the

base at an acute angle with the midrib, the rest at a wider angle curving

upwards, the upper ones joining in a looped intramarginal nerve;

transverse nervules irregular; reticulations netted; petiole 1 to 3 in.

long, flaccid. Panicles from the uppermost axils, elongate, lax, some-

what curving, glabrous, usually 4 to 6 in. long and about 3 in. broad, on

slender peduncles 4 to 7 in. long; branches divaricate, usually at right

angles, with few-flowered cymules; rachis flattened and slightly winged ;

bracts leafy, lanceolate, up to 1 in. long; bracteoles many, linear-

setaceous; pedicels slender, puberulous, ‘1 to 5 in. long; buds spathu-

late, curved, 1 in. long; flowers rather large, white tinged with pink;

the calyx white or pale green turning red in fruit. Calyx large, glo-

832 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bose or slightly puberulous, deeply divided nearly to the base; lobes

ovate-acuminate, cuspidate, about ‘6 in. long by -25 in. broad,

enlarging in fruit to 1:5 in. in diam., and then spreading. Corolla-

tube slender, cylindric, -4 to ‘6 in. long; lobes spathulate, rounded at

top, as long as tube. Stamens exsert; filaments glabrous; anthers

‘Lin. long; cells parallel. Ovary rounded, obtuse; style very slender;

stigmas 2, short. Drupe black, smooth, fleshy, globose, ‘5 in. in diam. ;

pyrenes 4 or less, triangular-convex; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds

rounded, ‘25 in. in diam.; testa membranous ; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle

minute.

PpRAK: at Kapayong Kinta, Wray 167; in dense jungle up to

3500 ft., King’s Collector 722, 6959, 8268; Scortechim 2198; on Larut

Hills, 3000 ft., and in Thaiping Hills, Derry 3704 (Curtis), 10712; at

Kwala Dipang, Curtis 3116; at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9700.—

Distris. Sumatra (in deep shade of forest at Grenoeng Trang and

Kotta Djawa, Lampongs, Forbes 1333, 1085).

Ridley’s No. 7594, from Ginting Bidai, Selangor, appears to be this species, but

the leaves are rather narrower than usual and reach 12 in. long by 2:5 in. broad.

The specimen is in fruit, which Ridley describes as black with a red calyx.

7. CLERODENDRON MYRMECOPHILUM, Ridley in Journ. Bot. XX XIII.

42 (1895). A sparingly branched shrub, about 3 ft. high; stem stout,

terete, glabrous, fistular, the bark white; internodes swollen, hollow.

Leaves opposite or alternate, membranous when dry; oblong, elliptic-

oblong or -oblanceolate, acute or obtuse at apex, acute obtuse or cordate

at base ; both surfaces glabrous, dull; margins entire; 6 to 12 in. long,

2 to 4 in. broad; midrib stout, broad, pale on the upper surface; main

nerves 10 to 13 pairs, curving very gently upwards to meet in a looped

intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules very few, irregular; reticu-

lations not visible; petiole 7:5 to 2:5 in. long, fistular. Panicle a

terminal, shortly peduncled, pubescent, pyramidal thyrsus reaching

10 in. long and 3 to 4 in. broad; branches usually opposite, spreading, of

rather few-flowered loose reddish-brown cymes; bracts and bracteoles

linear-subulate, caducous reddish-brown; pedicels :15 to -2 in. long;

buds clavate, curved; flowers ochreous-red. Calyx puberulous, about

‘3 in. long, cleft nearly to the base; lobes erect, lanceolate acuminate

with incurved tips; fruiting calyx enlarged to about 1 in. in diam;

lobes triangular-acuminate, reflexed, red. Corolla-tube cylindric, about

‘) in. long, puberulous without; lobes as long as tube, obovate-oblong ;

the tips rounded. Stamens long exsert ; filaments very slender, red; an-

thers oblong-reniform, ‘05 in. long; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous, ob-

tuse; style as long as stamens, red; stigmatic branches slender. Drwpe

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 833

globose, black, ‘5 in. in diam., with 4 to 1 pyrenes; pyrenes convex on

back, nearly plane on the face, 3-ribbed, °3 to -4in. long. Seed conform

with the pyrenes ; testa membranous ; cotyledons thick, fleshy, unequal ;

radicle minute. Bot. Mag. t. 7887; Gard. Chron. XXXIII. Ser. 3,

196 (1903), and XXXV. Ser. 3, 237, t. 98 (1904).

JOHORE: at Jaffaria, G. King. SINGAPORE: in dense wet woods at

Choa-Chu-kang, Ridley.

‘The hollow stems are swollen at the internodes, and there form nests for ants

belonging to the genus Pheidole, Fabricius. The same phenomenon occurs in C.

fistulosum, Bece., of Borneo, in C. formicarum, Giirke, a native of Tropical Africa

(Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. J. c.), and in the next species here described.

8. CLERODENDRON Curtisu, H. H. W. Pearson in Kew Bull. 142 (1901).

A small shrub, usually 2 to 3 ft., sometimes reaching 6 ft. high; stem

thick, fistular, striate, minutely puberulous. Leaves opposite, membra-

nous ; elliptic, elliptic-oblong or -obovate, acuminate at apex, broadly

cuneate rounded or sometimes slightly cordate at base; both surfaces

somewhat puberulous, upper glabrescent when old; margins entire or

undulate-denticulate ; 4 to 12 in. long, 3 to 6 in. broad; midrib stout,

pubescent ; main nerves 9 to 12 pairs, curving upwards to and along the

margin where they anastomose; transverse nervules fairly regular and

prominent ; reticulations inconspicuous ; petiole thick, striate, puberu-

lous, 1 to 4:5 in. long. Panicles terminal, thyrsoid, pubescent, much-

branched, reaching 6 to 8 in. long and 4 to 5 in. broad; the rachis and

branches angular; branches opposite, with peduncles ‘75 to 1 in. long

and corymbose cymes of many flowers; bracts leafy, the lower large,

the upper obovoid or spathulate; bracteoles small, subulate; pedicels

slender, 15 in. long; buds clavate, ‘5 to -75 in. long; flowers bright

yellow, tinged with red; the calyx crimson. Calyz cleft three-quarters

down; lobes lancedlate, acute, 3-nerved, pubescent, ciliate, -25 in. long,

‘1 in. broad, with usually several rather obscure peltate glands. Corolla-

tube cylindric, slender, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, puberulous, glandular; lobes

obovate or elliptic, narrow at the base, ‘2 to -3 in. long. Stamens long-

exsert ; filaments glabrous; anthers reniform, under -05 in. long ; cells

- parallel. Ovary glabrous, obtuse ; style very slender ; stigmatic branches

short. Drwpe not seen.

PERAK: at Kota, Wray 3246; Lamjubus, Scortechim 1555; on

Lartt Hills, 3000 ft., Derry (Curtes) 3704; in low swampy places at

Larut, King’s Collector (Kunstler) 1966, 2507. Dinpines: Bruas, in

damp places, Curtis 3441. Senancor: Klang, Radley 10198.

Mr. Ridley informs us that this is the same plant as Clerodendron breviflorum,

Ridley in Journ. Bot. XXXII. 43 (1895), which was described from specimens

834 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

collected at Kampong Chin-Chin, Ula Batu Pahat, Johore, by Lake & Kelsall in 1892.

Unfortunately, there are no specimens in the herbaria at Kew or Calcutta, so we hesi-

tate to alter the name. If the identification proves correct, it is Ridley’s name that

must take precedence. This is one of the species whose fistular stems contain ants’

nests. C. macrophyllum, Hook. MS. in Herb. Kew, a large-leaved, handsome species

from Java and Borneo, is very closely allied to this species.

9. CLERODENDRON SERRATUM, Spreng. Syst. Veg. II. 758 (1825) ;

Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 103; Wall. Cat. 1809; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soe.

XVII. 187; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 664; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.

200; Wight Ic. t. 1472; Brandis For. Fl. 364; Kurz For. Fl. II. 267;

Blume Bijdr. 810; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 873; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 592; Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 8360; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 432;

Prain Beng. Plants 835. C. ternifoliwm, Donl.c. C.macrophyllum, Sims

Bot. Mag. t. 2536; Reich. Fl. Exot. t. 209; Schauer l.c. 674. C. orna-

twm, Wall. Cat. 1811; Schauer J. c. 675. C.herbacewm, Wall. Cat. 1815 ;

Schauer l. c. 675. Volkameria serrata, Linn. Mant. 90; Roxb. FI. Ind.

III. 62. V. herbacea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46.—Distris. India, Burma,

and Ceylon.

Var. Wallichit, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 592. A

shrub, reaching 8 to 10 ft. in height (Kunstler); branches somewhat

herbaceous, smooth, fistular; branchlets smooth, angled and with raised

lines decurrent from the nodes. Leaves opposite, almost membranous

when dry; obovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly acuminate at

apex, acuminately narrowed at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins

distantly serrate or denticulate, sometimes entire ; 4 to 8 in. long, 1:5 to

3 in. broad; midrib strong, prominent beneath; main nerves 6 to

10 pairs, at first straight, then curving upwards to and along the

margin ; reticulations irregular ; petiole up to about ‘6 in. long or none

when bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Pamecle ter-

minal, erect, elongate, minutely pubescent, reaching 10 to 12 in. in

length and 2 to 2°5 in. in breadth ; the branches many, divaricate, sub-

dichotomous, many-flowered ; bracts foliaceous, large, ovate or obovate,

acuminate or obtuse and apiculate ; bracteoles many, lanceolate or finally

linear; pedicels slender, about ‘1 in. long; buds spathulate, curved ;

flowers greyish-white to blue, the lower lobe darker than the rest.

Calyx campanulate ; lobes extremely short, rounded, minutely apiculate ;

the fruiting calyx cup-shaped, almost truncate, not enlarged. Corolla-

tube cylindric, slightly narrowed below the oblique throat, -2 to ‘25 in..

long, glabrous without, villous within; lips 2, upper of 2 oblong, flat,

obtuse lobes, lower of 3 lobes, the side ones similar to the upper, the

midlobe spathulate, concave, emarginate, all about :25 in. long. Sta-

mens very long-exsert, much curved ; filaments villous at the base and

I mine

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 835

thickened ; anthers oblong, ‘075 in. long ; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous,

truncate at top; style very long, slender; stigmas 2, rather long.

Drupe purple, succulent, when dry °25 in. long, and as much broad at

top, with 4 (or less) well-marked pyrenes ; pyrenes obovoid, plane or con-

cave on inner faces; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds obovoid, ‘15 to ‘2 in.

long, concave on the inner, convex on the outer face, which is wrinkled ;

testa thin; cotyledons fleshy, unequal, one convex, the other concave ;

radicle minute. C. farinoswm, Wall. Cat. 1810 (not Volkameria farinosa,

Roxb.). C. divaricatum, Jack in Mal. Mise. I. 2, and in Hook. Bot.

Misc. II. 89; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 674.

Perak: Wray 1871; at Ipoh, Curtis 3198, 3328; at Ipoh and

Baton Gaja, Deschamps; near Thaiping, Scortechim 507; at Goping,

King’s Collector (Kunstler) 480. Sruancor: Goodenough 10478; Cecil

C. Smith.—Distrip. India (Sikkim, Assam and Burma), Sumatra,

Java, Celebes, Cambodia.

We have not followed Clarke in quoting C. javanicum, Walp. Rep. IV. 113, as we

consider the description therein given does not sufficiently fit our specimens.

10. CLERODENDRON INFORTUNATUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. 637 (1753). A

shrub, usually about 3 to 8 ft. high, occasionally a small tree, gregari-

ous; branchlets obtusely quadrangular, slightly furrowed, clothed with

yellowish pubescence. Leaves somewhat coriaceous ; ovate, acuminate

at apex, rounded or cordate at base; both surfaces roughly strigosely

hairy, lower sometimes with small obscure round glands; margins

dentate or denticulate, rarely entire; 4 to 10in. long, 3d to 8 in. broad ;

midrib prominent; main nerves also prominent, about 8 pairs, the

lowest two pairs near the base spreading, the rest gradually curving

upwards, all joined by prominent transverse nervules which branch

and anastomose ; reticulations netted; petiole 1 to 4 in. long, densely

pubescent. Panicle terminal, pyramidal, spreading, 6 to 12 in. long

and broad, densely tawny-pubescent; the branches trichotomous, ending

in many-flowered cymules; bracts leafy, ovate-lanceolate, deciduous ;

bracteoles lanceolate, also deciduous ; pedicels slender, :25 to ‘5 in. long ;

buds clavate, rounded at top; flowers white, tinged with pink; the

calyx red at the base (Ic. Roxb.). Calyx cleft nearly to the base, silky

pubescent, often with scattered, large, round, peltate glands; the lobes

lanceolate, acute, suberect, -3 to -4 in. long; fruiting calyx enlarged,

crimson, reaching 1°5 in. in diam. when spread out. Corolla densely

_ pubescent without; tube cylindric, slender, ‘5 to ‘75 in. long; lobes

spreading, as long as the tube, the 2 upper somewhat spathulate, the

3 lower ovate, oblong, rounded. Stamens long-exsert; filaments gla-

brous ; anthers oblong; the cells parallel. Ovary rounded, glabrous ;

836 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

style slender; stigmas 2, short. Druwpe nearly globose, shining, black,

3 in. in diam., with 4 to 1 pyrenes ; pyrenes convex without; the endo-

carp crustaceous. Seeds conform to the drupe; testa membranous ;

cotyledons fleshy. Gaertn. Fruct. I. 271, t. 57, fig. 1; Lamk. Ill. t. 544 ;

Wall. Cat. 1796; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 667; Dalz. & Gibs.

Bomb. Fl. 200; Wight Ic. t. 1471 (?); Bedd. FI. Syly. CLXXIIL., and

Anal. XXII. fig. 1; Brandis For. Fl. 363; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 267; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 876; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 361; Clarke in Hook. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 594; Cooke Fl. Bomb. Il. 432; Prain Beng. Plants

835. C. viscosum, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 25; Bot. Mag. t. 1805; Bot.

Reg. t. 629. CO. cordatwm, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. 103; Schauer J. c. 674.

Volkameria infortwnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 59. Clerodendron, Linn.

Fl. Zeyl. 232; Burm. Thes. Zeyl. 66. }

Sramese States: Poongah, Cwrtis 2949. Sinearpore: Schom-

burgk 106.—Distris. India, Burma, Ceylon, Java, Moluccas.

We have not quoted ‘“ Peragu,’’ Rheede Hort. Mal. II. t. 25, which Clarke &

Miquel consider to be this species. Schauer quotes it under C. villosum, and it seems

to us to resemble that species more closely in the leaves and calyx. C. villosum has

not hitherto been recorded from the Western Peninsula, but Gamble has specimens

collected in the Wynaad region of the Nilgiris which seem to be it and not C. infortu-

natum. We do not feel very sure that the plant figured in Wight Ic. t. 1471 is not

C. villosum rather than C. infortunatum.

11. CLrERODENDRON viLLosum, Blume Bijdr. 811 (1826). A shrub,

usually about 3 to d ft. high (10 to 16 ft., Keng’s Collector; 15 to 20 ft.,

Kurz); branchlets stout, obtusely quadrangular, densely tawny-villous,

channelled on the sides. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; ovate acuminate

at apex, cordate or truncate at base, sometimes slightly cuneate; both

surfaces tawny-villous or velvety tomentose, those of young leaves

white-silky ; margins entire; 4 to 8 in. long, 3 to 5 in. broad; midrib

stout, prominent; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair from the

base spreading at right angles to the midrib with about 8 to 10 nerves

from the lower side, the next pair from close above it curving upwards

with also about 8 to 10 nerves from the lower side, the rest more dis-

tant and similarly curving; transverse nervules distant, pale; reticu-

lations obscure; petiole 2 to 6 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent.

Panicle terminal, pyramidal, thyrsoid, spreading, reaching 4 to 7 in.

long and 6 in. broad, densely tawny-pubescent; branches long pedun- -

cled, ending in trichotomous cymes of rather few flowers; bracts leafy,

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, persistent ; bracteoles many, small, lanceo-

late, deciduous ; pedicels ‘1 to -2 in. long; buds short, clavate, rounded ;

flowers white or cream-coloured, tinged with red. Calyx cleft about

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 837

two-thirds down, with large prominent, scattered, rounded glands ;

lobes ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, 25 in. long; fruiting

ealyx white, much enlarged, nearly 1 in. in diam. when opened, com-

pletely embracing the fruit. Corolla villous; tube cylindric, -2 to ‘3 in.

long; lobes obovate-oblong, as long as tube. Stamens long-exsert ;

filaments slender; anthers oblong-reniform; cells parallel. Ovary

glabrous, obtuse ; style slender, longer than the stamens; stigmatic lobes

2 very short. Drupe globose, shining, black when ripe (King’s Collec-

tor), white (Jack), slightly succulent, with 4 to 1 pyrenes; pyrenes

convex on the outer, flattened on the two inner, faces, ‘25 in. long;

endocarp crustaceous, reticulate. Seeds oblong, curved, -15 to ‘2 in.

long; testa thin; cotyledons fleshy, curved, somewhat unequal ;

radicle minute. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 667; Kurz For. FI. II. 268;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 877; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl: Br. Ind. IV. 595.

C. molle, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. 15, and in Hook. Bot. Misc. I. 283 (not

of H.B.K.). C. velutinum, Wall. Cat. 1797. C. trichotomum, Wall.

Cat. 6315 B (not of Thunb.).

Penanea: Curtis 101; roadsides on the hill, Deschamps; near

top of the hill, G. King. Prrax: Scortechini 1389; in open forests, at

100 to 300 ft. alt., Kzng’s Collector (Kunstler) 5191, 5647, 8831.

Dinpines: Pangkore, Scortechim 63. Matacca: Griffith 6051; Main-

gay (K.D.) 1187; Hervey; Derry 148. Sineapore: Cuming 2415;

Wallich 1797; Murton 124; Schomburgk 66; Kurz; G. King; Des-

champs.—Distris. Burma (Martaban, fide Kurz; Mergui, Groffith),

Java, Sumatra; Philippines.

12. CLERODENDRON COLEBROOKIANUM, Walp. Rep. IV. 114 (1844).

A large shrub, sometimes a small tree with silver-grey bark ; branchlets

glabrous, or the uppermost pubescent, quadrangular, furrowed below

the leaf-petioles, more or less fleshy and soft; innovations tawny-

pubescent. Leaves membranous when dry, opposite; broadly ovate,

acute at apex, cordate at base, the sinus rather broad; both surfaces

glabrous except the nerves beneath which are puberulous, a few large

glands on the lower surface especially near the apex of the petiole ; mar-

gins entire or sinuate; 5 to 12 in. long, 4 to 10 in. broad; midrib

prominent ; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, the lowest pair from just above

the petiole, with about 5 to 6 branch-nerves on the outer side, all

spreading and curving only close to the margin; transverse nerves

faint, as are the netted reticulations; petiole 2 to 8 in. long, cylindric,

smooth. Pamicles large, spreading, terminal, pubescent, reaching 1 to

2 ft. in diam.; branches long-peduncled, ending in corymbose, close,

many-flowered cymes; bracts lanceolate, caducous ; bracteoles many,

lanceolate ; pedicels short, ‘1 to -2 in. long; buds clavate, often 1 in.

838 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long; flowers white to rose-purple. Calyx pubescent, -15 to -26 in.

long, cleft half-way down; tube with often a large gland under each

lobe; lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute; fruiting calyx scarcely

enlarged. Corolla-tube cylindric, slender, nearly glabrous, 75 to 1 in.

long; lobes elliptic or obovate, -25 in. long. Stamens long-exsert ;

filaments glabrous ; anthers oblong-reniform, -075 in. long; cells parallel.

Ovary glabrous, obtuse ; style very long and slender; stigmatic lobes 2,

short. Drupe glabrous, blue, 3 to °35in. in diam. with usually 4 pyrenes.

Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 672; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. LY. 594.

C. glandulosum, Colebr. MS. ex Wall. Cat. 1806; fide Walp.; Lindl. in

Bot. Reg. t. 19 (1844) am note; Schauer l.c.

Sincapore: Lobb.—Distris. India (Sikkim, Assam, Burma). It

is not quite certain that it is really indigenous in the Peninsula; Lobb’s

specimen may have been from a cultivated plant.

Var. Forbes, King & Gamble. Leaves and branchlets puberulous ;

panicles reduced to a terminal corymb of closely packed flowers 4 to

5 in. long ; no glands on calyx or midrib of leaf; flowers dark scarlet.

Sumatra (near Kagoengan Ratoe, Lampongs, at 500 ft. alt., Forbes

1786).

13. CLERODENDRON PANICULATUM, Linn. Mant. 90 (1771). A shrub,

reaching 4 to 6 ft. in height; branchlets quadrangular, channelled

below the leaf-petioles, glabrous or puberulous, the bases of the leaves

(as also the branches of the inflorescence) joined at the nodes by a belt

of soft brown hairs. Leaves membranous; variable in shape, usually

orbicular or ovate, from almost simple to deeply 3- to 7-lobed, cordate

or hastate at base, acuminate at apex and at the apices of the lobes;

upper surface sparsely hispid or glabrescent, lower pale and densely

covered with round peltate glands; margins entire or minutely denticu-

late; 4 to 8 in. in diam.; midrib stout, ribs usually 3 pairs radiating

from the base, the lower deflexed ; main nerves of middle lobe 5 to 6 pairs,

of side lobes about the same but stronger on the lower side; reticula-

tions slender, netted ; petiole variable, 1 to6 in. or more. Panicles ter-

minal, thyrsoid, pyramidal, spreading, 4 to 12 in. long by 3 to 8 in. broad,

with opposite branches bearing trichotomous cymes with racemose red-

dish branches, the rhachises channelled ; bracts foliaceous, like the leaves

but smaller ; bracteoles small, linear, numerous, red ; pedicels slender, red,

‘25 to ‘75 in. long; buds clavate, the head globose; flowers red, orange

or almost white; the calyx red. Calyx divided nearly to the base; lobes

oblong-lanceolate, acute, ‘15 to ‘2 in. long, much enlarged in fruit, stel-

late, the lobes closely embracing the drupe. Corolla-tube slender,

cylindric, puberulous, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long; lobes nearly equal, elliptic, -2 to

‘4 in. long, patent. Stamens long exserted; filaments red, glabrous ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 839

anthers oblong-reniform; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous, cylindric ;

style very slender; stigmatic branches short. Drwpe obovoid, 1- to 4-

pyrened (usually 1 only); pyrenes pyriform ; endosperm crustaceous,

reticulate. Seeds conform to the pyrene; testa membranous ; cotyledons

unequal, fleshy; radicle very small. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, IV. 64;

Vahl Symb. II. 74; Bot. Reg. t. 406; Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 208; Hassk.

Pl. Jav. Rar. 488; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 668; Blume Bijdr. 811;

Mig. El. Ind. Bat. II. 879; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 593;

Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 7141. C. pyramidale, Andy. Bot. Rep. t. 628;

Wall. Cat. 1802. C. splendidum, Wall. Cat. 1803. Volkameria angulata,

Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 389.

KepaxH: on low ground near sea-level, King’s Collector (Kunstler)

1792. Prenane: Wallich 1802; at Tanjong Bunga, Cwrtzs 313. PERAK:

Wray 42, 2435 ; at L. W. Resthouse, Scortechini 915; at Ipoh, Deschamps ;

at Larut, on rocks at 300 to 800 ft. alt., Kzng’s Collector 6437. SELANGOR:

gap on Pahang side, at 2000 to 3000 ft. alt., Curtes 3759. Mauacca:

Griffith 6050. Sinearpore: Frdley ; gardens, hedges, and waste places,

Deschamps; Bukit Mandai, Goodenough.—DtistRis. Siam (Hemsley in

Journ. Linn. Soc. XX VI. 262).

14. CLERODENDRON SIPHONANTHUS, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2,

TY. 65 (1812). An erect, usually single-stemmed, little-branched shrub,

reaching 4 to 8 ft. in height; branchlets channelled, smooth-barked.

Leaves membranous when dry, verticillate, 3- to 5-nate or opposite, the

or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, attenuate at base;

both surfaces glabrous, the lower pale; margins entire or sinuate, re-

curved; 4 to 8 in. long, 5 to lin. broad; midrib prominent; main nerves

10 to 12 pairs, very short, straight, joiming prominent looped intra-

marginal nerves which start from the base; transverse nervules very

few; petiole none or extremely short. Panicle terminal, thyrsoid,

leafy, reaching 8 to 18 in. in length, and 4 to 6 in. in diam.; branches

red, verticillate, of lax peduncled few-flowered cymes; bracts linear-

lanceolate, ‘5 in. long ; bracteoles subulate; pedicels ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, ,

puberulous; buds long, clavate;*flowers white, changing to cream-

colour. Calyx puberulous, divided three-fourths down ; lobes ovate-

lanceolate, acute, densely clothed within with minute round glands,

‘3 to ‘4 in. long, ‘15 in. broad ; fruiting calyx greatly enlarged, leathery,

up to 15 in. in diam., crimson. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, glabrous,

curved, 3 to 4:5 in. long, about -1 in. broad below, widening above ;

lobes spreading, obovate- or oblong-obtuse, -3 to -4 in. long. Stamens

long exsert; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers oblong, ‘1 to -15 in.

long ; cells parallel. Ovary glabrous, obtuse; style very long, slender ;

840 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

stigmatic branches short, rather thick. Drupe 1- to 4-lobed according

to the number of pyrenes, about °5 in. in diam.; exocarp fleshy, dark

blue; pyrenes rounded except a slight flattening on the inner side,

smooth, ‘4 in. by -25 in.; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds conform to the

pyrenes ; testa thin, soft; cotyledons very fleshy; radicle very small.

Wall. Cat.1784; Wight Ill.t.173; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.670; Brandis

For. Fl. 364; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 69; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 883; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 595; Cooke Fl. Bomb.

II. 433; Prain Beng. Plants 836. C. verticillatwm, Don Prodr. FI.

Nep. 102; Schauer l.c. 671. Szphonanthus wmdica, Willd. Sp. Pl. I.

606; Lamk. Ill. t. 79, fig. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 67. S. angustifolia,

Willd. l.c. Ovieda mitis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 136, t. 48, figs. 1, 2.

Perak: at Trong, Wray 3170.—Distris. India, Burma, Java,

Sumatra, Celebes, Siam (Schomburgk 302). Often cultivated in

gardens.

15. CLERODENDRON RipueEyi, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 111

(1908). A small slender tree, reaching 15 ft. in height and 2 to 3 in. in

diam.; branches smooth, pale brown; branchlets (also rachis of in-

florescence) quadrangular, shining. Leaves opposite, membranous ;

elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, caudate-acuminate at apex, rounded

or cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, the lower pale; margins

entire; 3 to 7 in. long, 1 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender, prominent

beneath; main nerves 5 to 7 pairs, the lowest pair from close to the

base at an acute angle with the midrib, the rest more spreading,

meeting in a looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules few,

irregular, other reticulations not visible; petiole slender, 75 to 2 in.

long, winged by decurrent ridges from the base of the blade. Panicle

terminal, few-flowered, reaching with the peduncle at most 6 in. long

and 3 in. broad; branches divaricate, 1 to 1:5 in. long; bracts leafy,

lanceolate, acuminate, caducous; bracteoles linear; pedicels slender,

‘25 in. long; buds very long, clavate; flowers white (Azdley) or pale

yellow (Kunstler). Calyx erect, deeply divided; lobes glabrous, lanceo-

late, caudate-acuminate, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long, often with scattered large

peltate glands; fruiting calyx enlarged, enclosing the fruit, 1-5 in. in

diam. when opened out, deep red in colour. Corolla-tube cylindric,

slightly funnel-shaped at top, 3 to 3:5 in. long, very slender; lobes ob-

ovate, obtuse, ‘5 in. long, subequal. Stamens long-exsert; anther-cells

parallel. Ovary glabrous, obtuse, 4-lobed; style very long, slender ;

stigmatic lobes very short. Drwpe deep red, smooth, globose, fleshy,

‘5 in. in diam. with 4 to 1 pyrenes; pyrenes pyriform, slightly ribbed ;

endocarp crustaceous. Seeds conform to the pyrenes; testa membra-

nous ; cotyledons very thick, fleshy.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. B41

Perak: in dense forest near Larut, up to 300 ft., King’s Collector

2944, 3988. SrLancor: at Batu Tiga, Redley 11862.

CLERODENDRON Lopstt, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. F]. Br. Ind. IV. 590 (1885), is a

elimbing shrub which, in all probability, does not belong to this genus. Mr. Ridley

informs us that it is very common in Borneo, and that he thinks Lobb’s specimen

must have been collected at Kuching and not in Penang. It is a very handsome,

striking plant, and has been cultivated. It has the upper leaves of the spray bright

red, flowers of a light salmon-red, and a horn-shaped fruit about 2 in. long. There is

a good picture of it in Miss North's Gallery at Kew, to which Mr. Ridley has drawn

our attention.

10. Virex, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, digitately 3- to 7-foliolate, some-

times 1-foliolate ; leaflets usually entire, sometimes dentate, generally

petiolulate. Flowers blue, white or yellow, in sessile or pedunculate

cymes forming terminal or axillary or both terminal and axillary

panicles or corymbs; bracts usually small, often caducous. Calyx

campanulate or tubular funnel-shaped, usually truncate or shortly

d-toothed, sometimes bilabiate with 3 to 5 teeth. Corolla small, 2-lipped ;

tube long or short; upper lip usually of 2, lower of 3, lobes, the central

lobe of the lower lip much the longest. Stamens 4 didynamous, usually

exserted ; anther-cells various, always attached at the tip only, generally

parallel at first, afterwards divaricate. Ovary 2- to 4-celled, 4-ovuled ;

style filiform; stigma bifid. Fruit a globose or ovoid or obovoid

drupe; supported by the more or less enlarged calyx ; mesocarp gene-

rally fleshy; endocarp a bony pyrene, normally 4-celled and 4-seeded,

but often with some of the cells suppressed, the base of the pyrene

sometimes hollowed in a cavity. Seeds obovate or oblong; albumen 0;

cotyledons usually fleshy; radicle inferior.—Distris. About 120

species, in all tropical and warm temperate regions.

Inflorescence terminal, with occasional additional branches in

the axils of uppermost leaves :—

Leaves without wings to the petioles :—

Shrubs or small trees; leaves membranous, grey-pubescent

beneath :—

Leaves 1- to 3-foliolate; margins entire; petiole under

1 in. long; calyx under ‘1 in. long oc so) Ils Wo trol

Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate; margins sometimes crenate ;

petiole over 1 in. long; calyx over 1 in. long -. 2. V. Negundo.

Trees; leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, not grey-pube-

scent beneath :—

Leaves 1-foliolate, coriaceous :— =

Leaves 1:5 to 4:5 in. broad, with a prominent intra-

marginal nerve; panicle-branches spicate .. 3. V. holophylla.

842 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Leaves 2 to 3 in. broad, no prominent intramarginal

nerve; panicle-branches racemose oe .. 4. V. Clarkeana.

Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets petiolulate :—

Leaves coriaceous ; inflorescence of stout panicles up

to 8 in. long, the flowers clustered a .. 5. V. coriacea.

Leaves chartaceous ; inflorescence of slender panicles,

the flowers not clustered os 50 .. 6. V. siamica.

Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate, chartaceous or coriaceous :—

Leaflets sessile or subsessile; inflorescence densely

tawny-pubescent; bracts large, conspicuous .. 7. V. pubescens.

Leaflets petiolulate; inflorescence thinly cinereous-

tomentose ; bracts very small or none :—

Leafiets long-acuminate; panicie-branches slender,

with few-flowered cymules; corolla-tube without a

ring of hairs within bo ae .. 8. V. heterophylla.

Leaflets short-acuminate; panicle-branches stout,

with many-flowered cymules; corolla-tube with a

ring of hairs within ae 52 .. 9. V. sumatrana

Leaves with winged petioles, the wings broad :— var. urceolata.

Leafiets long-lanceolate, scabrous-dotted, under 2-5 in.

broad zs 32 52 30 .. 10. V. pteropoda.

Leafiets elliptic or elliptic-obovate, over 3 in. broad, not

scabrous-dotted 55 Ae a5 .. Ll. V. per-alata.

Inflorescence axillary :—

Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate, glabrate; cymes peduncled, reaching

4 to 5 in. long bi 58 ee .. 12. V. glabrata.

Leaves 3-foliolate ; cymes sessile, under 1:5 in. long :—

Leaves and cymes densely tawny-pubescent; drupe with a

hard-ridged pyrene, having 3 to 4 seed-bearing cells above

and an empty cavity below :—

Calyx-lobes oblong-lanceolate, 25 in. long, conspicuous;

bracts large, conspicuous ; leaves large Ba .. 13. V. longisepala.

Calyx-lobes short, acute, inconspicuous; bracts minute,

caducous; leaves small AD a .. 14. V. vestita.

Leaves glabrate; cymes sparingly fulvous-hairy; calyx

2-lipped Se 50 35 ee .. 15. V. gamosepala.

We have not maintained Clarke’s subgenus Guossocatyx because the species

V. gamosepala, for which it was established, is so very nearly allied to V. longisepala

and V. vestita that, if any subgenus were necessary, it ought to be one which would

include these three, so different in inflorescence and fruit from the rest of the genus,

and closely allied to Premna and Gmelina.

1. Virex tTrirouié, Linn. Sp. Pl. 638 (1753). A shrub or small

tree; bark smooth, pale grey; branchlets quadrangular, covered with

an appressed hairy tomentum. Leaves membranous; 1- to 3-folio-

late ; the terminal leaflets sessile or very shortly petiolulate, the lateral

leaflets sessile; leaflets elliptic or obovate, or almost orbicular (especi-

ee oO Fae.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 843

ally when 1-foliolate), obtuse or acute at apex, rounded or cuneate

(especially the terminal, if 3) at base; upper surface glabrous, lower

densely white-tomentose ; margins entire ; end leaflet 1 to 3 in. long,

‘dO to 1:25 in. broad, lateral leaflets smaller ; main nerves 8 to 12 pairs,

inconspicuous; petiole slender, ‘5 to 1 in. long. Panicles terminal,

oblong, white-tomentose, reaching 1 to 5 in. in length; the rachis sub-

quadrangular; cymes opposite, up to 1 in. long, brachiate; bracts

linear, minute; flowers lavender to blue. Calyx sessile, campanulate,

‘075 to -1 in. long; tube ribbed from the teeth, white-tomentose ;

teeth 5, regular, acute, very small. Corolla -25 to ‘35 in. long; tube

scaly-pubescent without, villous within at the insertion of the stamens ;

upper lip of 2 short rounded lobes, lower of 3 lobes, the lateral

lobes -06 in. long, the midlobe longest, -125 in. long, villous, hairy

within and usually incurved. Stamens exsert; filaments hairy-villous

near the base; anther-cells curved. Ovary rounded, depressed, glandu-

lar-dotted. Drupe ellipsoid, depressed at top, °2 in. in diam.,

slightly ribbed, glandular-dotted, half-enclosed in the somewhat en-

larged calyx. linn. f. Suppl. 293; Lamk. Dict. IT. 613; Roxb. FI.

Ind. III. 69; Bot. Mag. t. 2187; Wall. Cat. 1743; Schauer in DC.

Prodr. XI. 683 ; Blume Bijdr. 812; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 859; Benth.

in Fl. Austral. V. 66; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLXXII; Brandis For. Fl. 370;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 583; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 356;

Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 428 ; Prain Beng. Plants 833; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.

VII. 200. V. ovata, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 257; Lamk. J.c.; Hook. & Arn.

Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, t. 47.. V. repens, Blanco FI. Filip. 513. V. inczsa,

Wall. Cat. 1746 (partly, not of Lamk.). V. Agnus castus var., Kurz

For. Fl. II. 269. “ Lagondiwm vulgare,” Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. 48,

t.18. ‘‘ Caranosi,” Rheede Hort. Mal. II. t. 11.

Perak: Scortechint 644, 1459. Manacca: Griffith; Maingay

(K.D.) 1206; Hervey. Sincapore: at Pulau Obun, Kunstler 57.

—Distris. India, Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, North Austvalia,

Japan.

2. Vitex Necunpo, Linn. Sp. Pl. 638 (1753). A large shrub or

small tree ; bark thin, grey; branchlets quadrangular, covered with an

appressed hairy tomentum. Leaves membranous; 3- to 5-foliolate, the

terminal leaflet petiolulate (up to ‘75 in. long), the lateral leaflets

shortly petiolulate (usually about -25 in.), sometimes nearly or quite

sessile ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; upper

surface nearly glabrous, lower densely white-tomentose ; margins entire

or sometimes coarsely crenate; end leaflet 2 to 4 in. long, ‘5 to 1:25 in.

broad, lateral leaflets shorter ; main nerves about 15 pairs with a few

secondary nerves between ; petiole slender, 1 to 1:5 in. long, white-tomen-

844 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

tose. Panicles 1 to 3 together, terminal, oblong-pyramidal, white-

tomentose, reaching 12 in. long; the rachis quadrangular ; peduncle of

each branch variable, 1 to 4 in. long; cymes opposite, reaching 1 in. in

length, but usually shorter, brachiate, at first dichotomous ; bracts linear,

short, the lowest somewhat leafy ; flowers blueish-purple. Calya sessile,

campanulate; tube ‘1 to -15 in. long, faintly ribbed, enlarged in fruit ;

teeth regular, acute, ‘05 in. long, sometimes slightly cuspidate. Corolla

‘25 to °35 in. long; tube scaly-pubescent and slightly glandular with-

out, villous within at the insertion of the stamens and on the midlobe

of the lower lip; upper lip 2-lobed, lobes rounded, recurved ; lower lip

3-lobed, the midlobe much the longest and obtuse at tip, lateral lobes

spreading. Stamens exsert; filaments villous at the base; anther-cells

curved. Ovary rounded, very slightly glandular. Druwpe ovoid,

depressed at top, ‘2 in. in diam., slightly ribbed, glandular-dotted.

Roxb. Fl: Ind. III. 70; Wall. Cat. 1744; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI.

684; Wight Ic. t. 519; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. CLXXI; Brandis For. Fl. 369;

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 890; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 1V. 583;

Trimen FI. Ceyl. III. 357 ; Cooke Fl. Bomb. II. 428 ; Prain Beng. Plants

833 ; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 201. V. becolor, Willd. Enum. Hort.

Berol. 660; Schauer J. c. 683 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 201. V. arborea,

Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, 391. V. paniculata, Lamk. Dict. II. 612; Roxb.

l.c. 71. “ Lagondiuwm litoreum,” Rumph. Herb. Amb. IV. t. 19. “ Bem-

most,’ Rheede Hort. Mal. II. t. 12.

Petani: at Tomoh, Machado (Ridley 5813). Matacca: Griffith.

SincaporE: fiidley 4118. — Distris. India, Ceylon, Malay Archi-

pelago. Ridley thinks it is probably not really indigenous in the

Peninsula.

3. VITEX HOLOPHYLLA, Baker in Kew Bull. 25 (1896). A small tree;

branches with yellowish-white bark ; branchlets also yellowish, shining,

obtusely quadrangular ; innovations tawny-tomentose. Leaves opposite,

coriaceous, simple ; ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex,

rounded at base ; both surfaces glabrous, upper olive-green, lower ferru-

ginous; margins entire; 4 to12 in. long, 1:5 to 4‘5in. broad; midrib stout,

prominent, keeled above; main nerves 7 to 9 pairs at an angle of 70°

with the midrib, curving upwards to meet in an intramarginal looped

nerve, all slightly impressed above, raised beneath; secondary nerves

many, irregular ; reticulations prominent, netted; petiole -75 to 1:5 in.

long, prominently jointed at both ends, younger ones puberulous.

' Cymes in terminal panicles of rather long glomerulate spikes reaching

6 to 7 in. long and 3 to 4 in. broad; densely tawny-tomentose when

young, afterwards glabrate; bracts lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,

caducous, ‘1 to ‘2 in. long; bracteoles 2, much smaller; flowers in each

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 845

glomerule about 3 on each side, sessile. Calyx campanulate, tawny-

pubescent and glandular, -1 in. long; lobes 5 subequal, deltoid; calyx

in fruit much accrescent, cup-shaped, truncate, ‘5 in. in diam. Corolla-

tube funnel-shaped, pubescent and glandular without, sparsely villous

within ; 2-lipped, upper lip shortly 2-lobed, the lobes rounded, reflexed,

lower lip 3-lobed, midlobe long, very villous within. Stamens exsert ;

filaments slightly villous; anther-cells divaricate, often recurved.

Ovary rounded, villous at tip. Drupe globose or obovoid, -75 in. in

diam., depressed at apex; pericarp crustaceous ; cells 2; seed usually 1.

JOHORE: at Sungee Kaliang, Aidley 4031.—Distris. Borneo (at

Sandakan, Governor Creagh; Lowe; at Sarawak, Beccarz 1111).

4. Virex CiuARKEANA, King & Gamble. A small shrubby tree,

reaching about 15 ft. in height ; branchlets pale brown, round, glabrous

or puberulous. Leaves coriaceous, 1-foliolate; leaflet sessile, lanceo-

late or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base; both

surfaces glabrous, greyish when dry, the lower puncticulate; margins

entire, recurved ; 6 to 12 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout, very

prominently raised on the lower, slightly on the upper surface ; main

nerves 12 to 20 pairs, irregularly but slightly curving to near the

margin, where they sharply bend parallel to it, all but the few lowest

joining in an intramarginal looped nerve ; secondary nerves few between

the main nerves; reticulations irregular, not transverse and not promi-

nent ; petiole -5 to -75 in. long, jointed at the base of the leaflet.

Panicle terminal, puberulous, 12 to 18 in. long ; peduncle stout, angled,

2 to 4 in. long; main branches usually 3, elongate, the middle one

usually longest, bearing distant opposite corymbose cymes of rather

large flowers ; the cymes 1 in. rarely 2 in. long ; bracts small, caducous ;

bracteoles minute ; pedicels about ‘1 to -2 in. long, much thickened in

fruit; flowers pale blue, the lip darker. Calyx-tube campanulate,

tawny-pubescent, -125 to 15 in. long, much enlarged in fruit; lobes 5

irregular, short, acute. Corolla-tube -25 in. long, pubescent without

and at the insertion of the stamens within, 2-lipped; upper lip shortly

2-lobed, lobes recurved ; lower lip 3-lobed, the midlobe twice as long as

the recurved sides-lobes, constricted below, spreading above, crenate,

villous. Stamens exsert ; filaments villous at base, thickened ; anther-

cells elliptic. Ovary globose, depressed, tawny-pubescent ; style slen-

der, as long as stamens; stigma shortly 2-lobed. Drupe ovoid, °3 in. in

diam. or longer, tawny-pubescent ; seed apparently 1 only. V. semplici-

folia, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 586 (1885).

Dinpinas: Pangkore Island, Curtis 1611. PrErax: Scortechini

1383; at Telok Sera, Ridley 7990; in forest overlooking Bernam

River, King’s Collector 8788. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6064. JonorE:

846 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Lake & Kelsall on Sembrong River, 4059.—Distris. Borneo (Motley

1269; Beccart 166; Lobb, Haviland 1580).

The name of this plant has had to be changed, as that of simplicifolia was already

occupied by V. simplicifolia, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXIX. 133, t. 130 (1875), a

Central African plant collected by the Speke & Grant Expedition.

5. VITEX CoRIACEA, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 586 (1885).

A tree, reaching 60 ft. or more in height and 15 to 20 in. in diam.;

branches slender with greyish-brown fissured bark; branchlets pale

brown, obscurely quadrangular, striate, puberulous. Leaves coria-

ceous, 3-foliolate; leaflets petioluled, entire, lanceolate or oblanceolate,

obtuse or acute at apex, long-attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous,

upper shining, lower dull, minutely glandular, prominently reticulate ;

3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, the midlobe only slightly longer than

the others ; midrib prominent; main nerves 6 to 7 pairs, curving up-

wards to and along the margin where they anastomose, joined by

prominent but irregular netted reticulations all raised on the lower

surface ; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, puberulous, angular, the apex swollen,

petiolule of mid-leaflet about ‘5 in. long, of the side ones about -25 in.

Pamcles terminal, strict, sessile, minutely fulvous-puberulous, reaching

6 to 8 in. in length and 3 to 4 in. in breadth ; branches many, elongate,

ascending, subquadrangular; the main peduncles often 3 in. long or

more; the flowers in small often distant clusters; bracts small, linear ;

flowers violet or blue. Calyx funnel-shaped, fulvous-pubescent, en-

larged and cup-like in fruit; tube ‘1 in. long; lobes 5, rounded, ‘05 in.

long. Corolla 2-lipped ; tube fulvous-pubescent without except at the

base, as also within at the insertion of the stamens, ‘25 in. long ; upper

lip 2-lobed, lobes rounded, very pubescent, ciliate, ‘1 in. long; lower

lip 3-lobed, midlobe ovate crenate, contracted at base, shaggy-villous

within, ‘15 in. long, side lobes rounded, reflexed, -125 in. long. Stamens

exsert ; filaments thickened, pubescent ; anthers curved so as nearly to

meet at the tips. Ovary globose, only slightly glandular; style longer

than filaments, pubescent; stigma bifid, the lobes reflexed. Drupe ellip-

soid, very smooth, ‘5 in. long, :25 to 35 in. broad, seated on the enlarged

cup-shaped calyx; pericarp rather thin. Seed apparently 1 only.

Kepan: lower slopes of Kedah Peak, Ridley 5555. Prnane:

Government Hill, Curtis 323. Perak: on Waterfall Hill, at 1000 ft.,

Wray 2225; Scortechint 2082; in hill forests, at 500 to 800 ft., King’s

Collector 4388, 4638, 7782, 8135. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6065,1;

Maingay (K.D.) 1203; at Ayer Panas and Bukit Bruang, Derry 98,

1029. Srneapore: T. Anderson 183.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 847

6. Virex sramica, Williams in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, V. 431 (1905).

A tree with spreading branches, reaching 30 to 40 ft. in height and 15

to 20 in. in diam. of stem; branchlets rather slender, dark brown,

glabrous, with prominent usually elongated lenticels. Leaves coriaceo-

chartaceous; 3-foliolate, the leaflets all petiolulate, glabrous, entire ;

leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate often bluntly at apex,

rounded or cuneate at base, the side leaflets sometimes slightly asym-

metric ; the middle leaflet 2°5 to 5 in. long, ‘75 to 1:75 in. broad, the side

ones usually about one-third smaller ; midrib slender, raised beneath ;

main nerves 12 to 24 pairs, usually regularly spaced and parallel, only

slightly curving to the margin and then anastomosing in an obscure

looped marginal nerve, all raised beneath ; secondary nerves and reticu-

lations firmly netted; petiole 1 to 2 in. long, slender; petiolules about

‘5 in. long, the middle one only slightly longer than the others.

Panicles terminal, with sometimes additional branches from the axils

of the upper leaves, minutely puberulous, sessile, many-flowered, reach-

ing sometimes 12 in. in length; rachises very slender, puberulous,

obscurely 4-angled ; branches at first 3-chotomous, ultimately ending in

slender dichasia; bracts many, conspicuous, persistent, linear-lanceolate,

‘25 to ‘75 in. long; bracteoles 2 to each pedicel, similar but slightly

smaller ; pedicels slender, sometimes 0; flowers small, pale blue or

white. Calyx-tube campanulate, pubescent and with glandular dots

without, -05 in. long; teeth 5, acute, ‘025 in. long; in fruit much

enlarged, cup-shaped. Corolla small, 2-lipped; tube -1 in. long, pubes-

cent on both sides except at the base, and with many yellow glands;

upper lip with 2 short obtuse lobes, lower with 3 obtuse lobes, the

middle lobe the longest and villous inside. Stamens included or very

slightly exsert; filaments thickened, villous; anther-cells ellipsoid,

parallel. Ovary rounded, depressed, sparsely glandular; style rather

thick, as long as stamens; stigma shortly 2-fid. Drupe -15 in. in

diam., globose, depressed at top, obscurely 4-lobed, glandular, black

when dry; pyrene with thin putamen. Seeds usually 1 to 2, ovate,

acute at base, flattened; testa thin. V. sympodzophora, P. Brihl MS.

in Herb. Cale. V. lankavana, H. H. W. Pearson, MS. in Herb. Penang.

Kepau: at Coah, Langkawi Island, Cwrtis 1683; at Dayong

Bonting, Langkawi, Mor 12720. Prerax: on Batu Kurau top, Scorte-

chint 1618; in open jungle on the top of limestone hills, at 400 to

1000 ft., King’s Collector 7034, 8264. SmnLANGor: top of rocks, Gua

Batu, Ridley 8535. :

Briihl’s description, with drawings, in the Calcutta Herbarium, is most complete,

and has been of great use, especially as perfect flowers are very few on the specimens

available.

848 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

7. VITEX PUBESCENS, Vahl Symb. III. 85 (1794). A large tree,

reaching a height of 50 to 60 ft. or more; bark ash-coloured, fissured ;

branchlets quadrangular, brown, lenticellate ; innovations tawny-pubes-

cent. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous; digitately 3- to 5-foliolate, the middle

leaflet always largest, the two next large, the basal pair when present

much smaller; leaflets entire, sessile or subsessile, obovate or elliptic

or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate at apex, rounded or cuneate

at base; glabrescent on the upper surface except on the nerves, minutely

pubescent on the lower surface; middle leaflet 6 to 8 in. long by about

3 in. broad, rest smaller in gradation; midrib stout; main nerves 12 to

20 pairs, regular, curving gently upwards and connected by prominent

nearly parallel transverse nervelets; petiole 2 to 4 in. long, deeply

channelled above; petiolules when present under ‘25 in. long. Panicles

terminal, densely tawny-pubescent, pyramidal, usually sessile, reaching

10 in. in length and 6 to 8 in. in breadth ; rachises sharply quadrangular ;

branch peduncles often 3 to 4 in. long; bracts many, conspicuous, per-

sistent, ovate or spathulate, those of main nodes sometimes leaf-like ;

bracteoles similar to the bracts but smaller; pedicels none or very

short; flowers blue or lilac. Calyx campanulate, thickly tomentose,

"15 to -25 in. long; lobes 5 acute. Corolla 2-lipped, gibbous; tube

broad, pubescent and glandular without except at the base, villous

within at the insertion of the stamens, glabrous below it, about -25 in.

long; upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed, the midlobe much the longest,

villous within and concave at tip, the others rounded, reflexed.

Stamens exsert; filaments broad and villous at the base; anther-cells

elongate, connected only at tip. Ovary glabrous; style slender, longer

than stamens; stigma shortly bifid. Drupe black, globose, -2 to -3 in.

long, depressed at top, faintly ribbed, 4-celled. Schauer in DC. Prodr.

XI. 685; Blume Bijdr. 812; Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. III.

401; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. XXI.; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 271; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 861; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 585; Koord. & Val. Bijdr.

VII. 202; Prain Beng. Plants 833. V. arborea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 46,

and Fl. Ind. III. 73; Jack in Mal. Mise. I. 18, and in Hook. Bot. Mise.

I. 285; Wall. Cat. 1747; Wight Ic. t. 1465. V. inequifolia, Turez. in

Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. II. 223.

Penane: Wallich 1747 part; J. Scott; Curtis 64. Perak: at

Thaipeng, Wray 139; King’s Collector 267; Scortechini 77, 99, 916.

Mauacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1204; Derry. SrineaporE:

Wallick 1747 part; Schomburgk 48; Cantley 17; Ridley —Dis TR.

India, Burma, Malay Archipelago.

8. VITEX HETEROPHYLLA, Roxb. Hort Beng. 46 (1814), and Fl. Ind.

III. 75 (1832). A large tree, reaching 80 ft. in height and 8 ft. in diam.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 849

of stem; branchlets quadrangular, dark grey, lenticellate, gland-

dotted. Leaves chartaceous; 5-foliolate, the middle leaflet longest,

the next pair not much smaller, the lowest pair sometimes nearly as

long, sometimes reduced, all petiolulate or the lowest sometimes sub-

sessile; leaflets entire, variable, elliptic or elliptic-oblong or -ovate or

-oboyate, often long-cuspidate-acuminate at apex, attenuate or somewhat

rounded at base, the side leaflets usually unequally; both surfaces gla-

brous, dark reddish-brown when dry, the upper with white, the lower

with yellow glands; middle leaflet 5 to 7 in. long, 3 to 4 in. broad,

the rest smaller in proportion ; midrib stout, slightly impressed above,

raised beneath; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs curving upwards to and

along the margin and joined by fairly regular and prominent transverse

neryules; petiole 3 to 6 in. long, terete below and flattened above;

petiolule of middle leaflet ‘5 to 1 in. long, of next pair about ‘d in., of the

lowest pair 0 to -25in. long. Panicles terminal, the lowest nodes often

leafy, thinly cinereous-tomentose, usually sessile, thyrsoid, reaching

12 in. in length and 8 in. in diam. ; branches opposite, elongate, quad-

rangular, bearing interrupted pairs of cymules usually ‘5 to -75 in. long ;

bracts 0 or very small; pedicels very short; flowers pale yellow with

ablue ip. Calyx tubular campanulate, grey-pubescent and glandular,

‘1 in. long, enlarged and broadened and ribbed in fruit; teeth 5, small,

acute. Corolla-tube broadly funnel-shaped, pubescent and dotted with

yellow glands without, glabrous within except a row of villous hairs

within below the insertion of the stamens; 2-lipped, the upper lip of

2 recurved acute lobes ‘1 in. long, the lower of 3 lobes, the side ones

recurved, obtuse, ‘1 in. long, the middle one oblong, -15 in. long, villous

on the throat. Stamens exserted, curved; filaments glabrous; anther-

cells oblong, at first curved downwards, afterwards divaricate. Ovary

rounded, glabrous except a few glandular dots; style slender, thickened

above; stigma shortly 2-lobed. Drupe pyriform, depressed at top,

sparsely glandular, blackish-grey and wrinkled when dry; pyrene very

hard, ribbed, hollowed at base. Seeds oblong, flattened, -2 in. long,

‘O75 in. broad; testa thin, spongy; cotyledons oblong, ‘1 in. long;

radicle ‘04 in. long. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 15, t. 226, and Cat. 1745;

~ Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 686 partly ; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

IV. 585; Prain Beng. Plants 833.

PERAK: at Tapa, Wray 197; in hill forests up to 1000 ft., King’s

Collector 6034, 7530, 10063, 10377.—Distris. India (Sikkim, Assam

and Hast Bengal).

9. Virex sumaTrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 567 (1860).

Var. urceolata, King & Gamble. A tree, reaching 40 to 60 ft. in

height and 2 ft. in diam. of stem ; branchlets quadrangular, channelled

850 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

at the sides from raised lines descending from the sides of the petiole,

glabrous or very slightly puberulous. Leaves chartaceous, 3- to 5-folio-

late, the middle leaflet longest, the next pair not much smaller, the lowest

pair a good deal smaller, all petiolulate or the lowest pair subsessile;

leaflets entire, obovate or oblong-obovate, shortly suddenly acuminate

at apex, rounded often unequally at base ; upper surface glabrous, except

on the nerves, olivaceous-brown, shining, rough, minutely white-gland-

dotted; lower surface glabrous, paler than the upper, with minute

yellow glands; middle leaflet 4 to 6 in. long, 2°5 to 3 in. broad, rest

gradually smaller but similar; midrib strong, impressed above; main

nerves about 10 pairs, irregular, curving upwards to and along the

margin and joined by rather irregular transverse nervules; petiole 1:5 to

4 in. long, quadrangular but not winged ; petiolule of middle leaflet about

1 in. long, of next pair about °5 in. long, of the lowest pair 0 to -25 in.

long. Panicles terminal, thinly cinereous-tomentose, thyrsoid, usually

sessile, reaching 8 in. in length and 6 in. in diam.; branches elongate,

cylindric, bearing interrupted whorls of pairs of many-flowered cymules

about ‘5 in. long; branch-peduncles 1 to 2 in. long; bracts linear ‘1 to

‘15 in. long, recurved, deciduous; buds large, reaching -25 in. long.

Calyx tubular-campanulate, -15 in. long, flattened in fruit and en-

larged; tube tawny-pubescent and glandular without, glabrous within ;

teeth short, acute, rounded in fruit. Corolla-tube curved, contracted

at the throat, -25 in. long, pubescent without except at the base, quite

glabrous within; 2-lipped, upper lip of 2 erect crenate lobes -1 in.

long, lower of 3 lobes, midlobe broad, crenate, obtuse, -2 in. long, side

lobes shorter, reflexed, all pubescent without, glabrous within. Stamens

curved, exsert; filaments glabrous; anther-cells attached only at one

point, curving to nearly erect. Ovary conical, with a few glands on its

top; style thickened, sigmoid below, glabrous ; stigma shortly 2-lobed.

Drupe globose, depressed, °3 to ‘5 in. long, shortly apiculate, wrinkled

when dry; pyrene very hard. Seeds flattened, oblong; testa thin,

spongy. V. urceolata, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 585 (1885).

V. heterophylla, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 686 partly. V. Lowreiru,

Herb. Wight; not of Hook. & Arn.

Perak: in Upper Perak, at 3Q) ft., Wray 3653; Scortechini 61; in

dense mixed jungle, at 400 to 600 ft., Kzng’s Collector 10406. Manacca:

Griffith (K.D.) 6064; Maimgay (K.D.) 1205, 1207.

As pointed out by Clarke, this variety differs in the glabrescent foliage, larger

flowers and larger drupes. JV. heterophylla, Roxb., with which Koorders & Valeton

would combine V. wrceolata, has different leaves and inflorescence and a corolla

villous within.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 851

10. Virex prERopops, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 567 (1862). A

tree, reaching 40 to 60 ft. in height and a considerable diameter of stem;

branchlets stout, pale brown, obscurely quadrangular. Leaves cori-

aceous ; 9- to 7-foliolate, only the lowest pair much smaller than the

others; petiole prominently and very broadly winged; leaflets iong,

lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acuminate at apex,

cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous, minutely dotted and so

scabrid to the touch; margins recurved ; 4 to 20 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in.

broad; midrib stout; main nerves 12 to 16 pairs, prominent on the

lower surface, at first somewhat straight and then curving to and along

the margin till they meet, joined by prominent transverse nervules and

reticulations ; petiole 4 to 7 in. long, broadly winged, the wings broad-

est (1 to 15 in. on either side) at a short distance from the base, some-

times narrowed only near the top, sometimes earlier and then curving

upwards, often cordate or auricled at both ends; petiolules ‘5 to 1 in.

long, bordered by the decurrent margins of the leaflet blades. Panicles

terminal or partly axillary to uppermost leaves, subsessile, glabrous,

reaching 1 ft. in length and about 8 in. in diam.; rachises slender,

angular, striate or channelled ; peduncles of all classes, primary second-

ary and tertiary, long, ending in few sparse few-flowered short cymules

scarcely °25 in. long; bracts linear, acuminate, -1 to -15 in. long,

persistent; bracteoles under the calyx similar but shorter; pedicels

O or very short; flowers white with a pink tinge. Calyx urceolate,

glabrous, ‘1 in. long; teeth 5, acute. Corolla-tube short, ‘075 to -1 in.

long, puberulous without, glabrous or very slightly villous within near

the base; lobes short, obtuse. Stamens scarcely exsert; filaments

villous ; anther-cells ellipsoid, nearly parallel. Ovary globose, much

depressed, glabrous; style slender; stigma shortly 2-forked. Drwpe

ovoid-oblong, ‘75 to 1 in. long, ‘dO in. in diam., smooth, seated on the

spreading, much enlarged calyx; pericarp very thick; seed 1.

Perak: Scortechint; in dense jungle or low ground near Larut,

King’s Collector 5249, 6668.—Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann).

It is unfortunate that we could only find, in all the specimens available, one broken

and imperfect corolla. The tree is a remarkable one, and is clearly very nearly allied

to V. per-aluta, King, but differs in the long narrow leaflets with scabrid points, the

glabrous, usually terminal, sparsely flowered panicles, short corolla-tube and smaller

drupes. The broad wings to the petioles are much the same in both. The specimen

of Teysmann’s at Kew consists only of a couple of leaflets about 20 in. long.

11. VirEx pER-aLATA, King MS. in Herb. Calc., Kew Bull. 112

(1908). A spreading tree, reaching 80 ft. in height and 2 ft. in diam.

of stem; branchlets very thick, angular, striate, dark brown. Leaves

852 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

coriaceous ; 5- to 7-foliolate, only the lowest pair much smaller than the

others; petiole prominently and very broadly winged; leaflets elliptic

or elliptic-obovate, acute at apex, long-attenuate at base ; both surfaces

glabrous ; margins recurved ; middle lobe 6 to 20 in. long, 3 to 6 in.

broad, the rest smaller in proportion; midrib stout, impressed above,

raised beneath ; main nerves 10 to 14 pairs, prominently raised beneath,

curving upwards to and along the margin, joined by a conspicuous (on

upper surface) network of reticulations; petiole 3 to 6 in. long, the

wings broad below and almost cordate, the breadth (the broadest at 1 to

2 in. above the base) reaching 1:5 to 2 in. on either side at widest, curv-

ing upwards rather abruptly or gradually to the top, and veined like the

leaves ; petiolules often 0, when present scarcely reaching -25 in. long.

Panicles terminal or sometimes axillary to the uppermost leaves,

sessile or peduncled, puberulous, reaching 2 ft. in length and about 1 ft.

in diam.; rachises angular, channelled; peduncles up to 8 in. long,

very stout, somewhat flattened ; secondary peduncles of branches in

whorls of 4 around the main rachis, up to 5 in. long; flowers in short

opposite or alternate many-flowered cymules, about ‘d in. long, along

the branches; bracts linear-lanceolate, -1 to ‘2 in. long, persistent;

pedicels 0 or very short; flowers light blue with brown markings.

Calyx pink, shortly urceolate, tawny-pubescent, ‘1 to -15 in. long;

teeth short, acute, in fruit slightly enlarged and recurved. Corolla-tube

campanulate, ‘25 in. long, pubescent without, villous within around the

point of insertion of the stamens and up to the midlobe of the lower

lip; upper lip of 2 ovate acute lobes -1 in. long, the lobes reflexed ;

lower lip of 3 lobes, side lobes oblong, rounded, 15 in. long, reflexed ;

midlobe broad, obtuse, °2 in. long, all puberulous. Stamens exsert ;

filaments flattened at base, villous hairy; anther-cells ellipsoid, rather

short, slightly divaricate. Ovary rounded, depressed, villous at top,

glabrous below ; style slender, slightly longer than the stamens; stigma

shortly 2-forked. Drupe ovoid-conoidal, smooth, longitudinally ribbed,

15 in. long by 1 to 1:25 in. broad; pericarp very thick; pyrene with

rather soft shell. Seed 1; testa membranous; cotyledons orbicular,

flat.

PERAK: at Simpang, Wray 2029, 2254, 2305 ; in dense jungle on low

wet ground near Larut, King’s Collector 2064, 6187, 6874, 8299.

This must be a splendid tree and worthy of cultivation for ornamental purposes. |

The large fruit, resembling that of the walnut, and the broad wings to the leaf-petioles

are very characteristic.

12. Virrx cuaprata, Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 512 (1810). A large

tree; branchlets pale brown, obscurely quadrangular; innovations

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 853

fulvous-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous; digitately 3- to 5-foliolate,

the lowest pair rather smaller than the others, the middle leaflet

slightly larger; leaflets entire, petiolulate, obovate elliptic or elliptic-oblan-

ceolate, acuminate at apex often obtusely, attenuate or cuneate at base ;

both surfaces grey-pubescent when young, afterwards glabrate or with

scattered appressed hairs and a few glands beneath, the nerves beneath

pubescent and with tufts of hair in the axils; 2 to 6 in. long, 1°5 to

2-5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath ; main

nerves 10 to 20 pairs, regular, slender, the uppermost ones obscure,

slightly curved to the margin; transverse nervules and reticulations

obscure; petiole 3 to 6 in. long, angular, channelled above; end ~

petiolules -75 to 1 in. long, rest ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, angled and channelled.

Cymes axillary, corymbose, peduncled, puberulous, reaching 4 to 5 in.

in length and 2 to 3 in. in diam.; peduncles slender, angular, up to

2 in. long; branches markedly dichotomous, spreading; bracts linear,

pubescent, caducous; pedicels slender, 0 to ‘1 in. long; flowers white,

the lip blue-purple. Calyx campanulate, ‘05 to -1 in. long, pubescent

without, enlarged in fruit; teeth 5, very short, acute. Corolla-tube

broadiy cylindric, -2 in. long, pubescent without, glabrous within

except a ring of villous hairs at the insertion of the stamens, the

hairs extending up the midlobe of the lower lip; upper lip with 2

obtuse recurved lobes -15 in. long; lower lip 3-lobed, the side lobes

recurved, -15 in. long, the midlobe spreading, :25 in. long, densely

villous. Stamens much exsert; filaments villous; anther-cells short,

ellipsoid, divaricate. Ovary globose, pubescent at top; style slender,

as long as stamens; stigma spreading. Drupe ovoid or obovoid, succu-

lent, -3 to ‘5 in. in diam., smooth. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 695;

Benth. Fl. Austral. V. 68; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 588;

Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 208; Prain Beng. Plants 833. V. Cunning-

ham, Schauer l.c. 691. V. leucoxylon, Schauer l.c. 692 wm part;

Kurz For. Fl. II. 273; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 864, not of Linn. f. V.

bombacifolia, Wall. Cat. 1749; Walp. Rep. IV. 86. V. pallzda, Wall.

Cat. 1751.

KEDAH: in dense jungle near sea-level, Kunstler 1763. PENANG:

~ Curtis 1071.—Distris. India (Assam to Chittagong), Burma, Java,

Siam, Cochin China, North Australia and Queensland.

13. VITEX LONGISEPALA, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 112 (1908).

A small or moderate-sized tree; branchlets rather stout, obscurely

quadrangular, softly tawny-pubescent as are the innovations. Leaves

membranous; trifoliolate, the middle leaflet largest and petiolulate, the

side ones subsessile; leaflets ovate or elliptic-ovate, abruptly caudate-

acuminate at apex, the middle leaflet acuminate or cuneate at base, the

854 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

side ones cordate or rounded or acute and unequal; the upper surface

sparsely hispid and gland-dotted, the lower tawny-pubescent, villous

on the nerves and gland-dotted; margins entire; 4 to 12 in. long,

2 to 6 in. broad; midrib stout ; main nerves 8 to 15 pairs, curving out-

wards to and along the margin and joined by many transverse nervules

and reticulations ; petiole 2 to 6 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent ;

petiolule of middle leaflet -25 to 2 in. long, of side leaflets none or under

‘O in. long: Cymes axillary, opposite, tawny-pubescent, 1 to 2°5 in.

long; main peduncles usually 2, vertically arranged, 1 to 1:5 in. long ;

branches 2- to 3-chotomous, spreading, corymbose; bracts conspicuous,

narrowly lanceolate, -25 to -75 in. long, persistent; pedicels about 1 in.

long; flowers primrose-yellow. Calyx villous, with golden brown

hairs; tube campanulate, -1 in. long; lobes 5 subequal, oblong-lanceo-

late, ‘25 im. long, conspicuous. Corolla-tube slender, funnel-shaped,

‘4 to ‘5 in. long, prominently dotted with yellow glands ; 2-lipped with

a scanty ring of hairs within at the insertion of the stamens, ‘15 in.

above the base of; upper lip shortly 2-lobed, the lobes rounded; lower

lip 3-lobed, side lobes reflexed, middle lobe narrowed below, broadened

above and fimbriate, twice as long as side lobes. Stamens exsert:

filaments glabrous, slender; anther-cells elongate, narrow, parallel.

Ovary conoidal on a cylindric base, the top densely yellow-glandular ;

style slender ; stigma bifid. Drupe ovoid, black, smooth, gland-dotted,

‘3 in. long; pyrene hard, reticulately ridged, with 3 to 4 fertile cellsnear

the top and a large cavity below. Seeds obovoid, slightly flattened,

‘075 in. long; testa thin.

Penance: at Batu Kawan, Curtis 395. Prrax: at Bujong Malacca,

Ridley 9723 ; at Tapa, Wray 1319; at Waterloo, Curtis; Scortechine

100, 113, 340; in open jungle, Goping, King’s Collector 460. SELANGOR :

Ridley 7595 ; at Rawang, Goodenough 10488.

This species is very near indeed to V. vestita, but differs in the much larger

leaves and the prominent large bracts and calyx-lobes.

14. Virex vestitTA, Wall. Cat. 1750 (1828). A moderate-sized tree ;

branchlets rather slender, obscurely quadrangular, softly grey-tawny-

pubescent as are innovations. Leaves membranous; trifoliolate, all

three leaflets petioluled, the mid-leaflet much the largest; leaflets

elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate at apex, the middle leaflet

equally acuminate at base, the side ones rounded or acute with more

or less unequal sides; the upper surface sparsely hispid and gland-

dotted, the lower softly tawny-pubescent, villous on the nerves, also

yellow-gland-dotted; margins entire; 3 to 7 in. long, 1:5 to 4 iu.

broad; midrib stout; main nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving upwards to

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 855

and along the margin and joined by prominent rather irregular nervules

and reticulations; petiole usually slender, 2 to 3 in. long, petiolule of

middle leaflet 1 to 1:5 in. long, of side leaflets -25 to -5in. long. Cymes

axillary, opposite, sessile, tawny-pubescent, 1 to 1-5 in. long, 2- to 3-cho-

tomous; main peduncles usually 2, sometimes more, one above the

other vertically, -25 to ‘5 in. long; branches 2- to 3-chotomous, corym-

bose, spreading; bracts minute, linear, caducous; pedicels slender,

0 to -1 in. long; flowers yellow (Kunstler). Calyx campanulate,

densely pubescent and gland-dotted without, -1 to ‘15 in. long, sub-

truncate or 2-lipped, enlarged and saucer-shaped in fruit ; lobes acute,

short. Corolla-tube slender, 2-lipped, narrow, cylindric, -4 to ‘d in.

long, glabrate without and with large yellow glands, glabrous within

except for a villous ring about ‘1 in. above the base and as far below

the insertion of the stamens; upper lip shortly 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed,

the midlobe slender, hardly longer than the others. Stamens included;

filaments glabrous; anther-cells elongate, narrow, curved downwards,

each ending in an oblong empty appendage about half as long as the

cell. Ovary densely covered with yellow glands, oblong, obtuse; style

slender. Drupe oblong, ‘3 to -4 in. long and -25 in. broad, sparsely

gland-dotted ; pyrene hard, reticulately ridged, with 3 to 4 fertile cells

near the top and a large empty cavity below. Seeds obovoid, flattened,

acute at base, ‘06 in. long; testa thin; cotyledons elliptic, fleshy ;

radicle small. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 692; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

864; Kurz For. Fl. Il. 272; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 587.

V. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 6314.

Penane: Wallich 17508, G. King; at Penara Bukit, Curtis 265.

PerRAK: on Maxwell's Hill, Wray 699; Kunstler 176. Seuancor: at Bukit

Kutu, Goodenough 10547. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6063; Cuming

2351; Derry 656, 899. JoHorRE: at Jaffaria, G. King. SINGAPORE:

at Sungei Jeeroo, Ridley 3867; at Chenchukang, Goodenough 2792.—

Distris. _Burma, Wallich 17504; Sumatra, Borneo.

15. ViTExX GAMOSEPALA, Griff. Notul. 1V. 178, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 448,

fig. 2 (1854). A slender moderate-sized tree; branchlets dark brown,

prominently lenticellate, innovations fulvous-hairy. Leaves charta-

‘ceous ; trifoliolate, all three leaflets petiolulate, the mid-leaflet some-

what the largest; leaflets entire, ovate or lanceolate, long-acuminate at

apex, the side leaflets acute and slightly unequal at base, the mid-

leaflet acuminate ; both surfaces glabrate except on the nerves beneath,

the lower glandular, brown when dry, the upper olivaceous ; 3 to 7 in.

long, 1:5 to 25 in. broad; midrib stout, raised beneath ; main nerves

5 to 7 pairs, curving acutely upwards to and along the margin where

they meet, joined by an irregular network of nervules, prominently

856 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

raised beneath when dry; petiole slender, terete, 2 to 4 in. long;

petiolule of mid-leaflet ‘75 to 1 in. long, of side leaflets -25 in. long.

Cymes axillary, sessile, corymbose, sparingly fulvous-hairy, 2-chotomous

below, 3-chotomous above, reaching 1°d in. long or more; bracts short,

linear, caducous; pedicels slender, 0 to -1 in. long; flowers pale yellow.

Calyx 2-lipped; tube ovoid, ‘1 in. long, densely glandular without as

are the lobes; upper lip entire, oblong, -275 in. long; lower lip 2-lobed,

‘075 in. long, the lobes rounded; in fruit split on one side to the base

and enlarged to a beaked shallow cup. Corolla funnel-shaped; tube

‘35 in. long, with a ring of hairs within near the base; upper lip entire

or shortly 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed, the middle lobe :125 in. long, 2-fid,

the side lobes -06 to ‘1 in. long; tube and lobes, except the ends of the

middle lobe of the lower lip which are usually incurved, all covered

with prominent large shining yellow glands. Stamens exsert; anthers

sparsely pilose near the base ; cells elongate, parallel, each with a short

empty beak. Ovary conical, densely glandular; style slender, glabrous;

stigma shortly 2-lobed. Drupe obovoid, black, slightly glandular,

fleshy, ‘3 in. long, ‘25 in. in diam.; pyrene very hard, reticulately ridged,

hollow at the base, the 3 to 4 cells near the top bearing seeds. Seeds

oblong, beaked below, ‘05 in. long; testa thin; cotyledons fleshy,

convex, elliptic; radicle minute. Benth. in Gen. Pl. II. 1154; Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 588.

Perak: at Lartt, Scortechins 445, 1480; in dense forest near Lartt,

at 500 to 1000 ft. alt., Aunstler (King’s Collector) 1841. SELANGOR:

at Kwala Lumpur and on Pahang road, Ridley 8546, 10218, 10479 ;

Curtis 2366. Manacca: at Chin Rhingull, Griffith (K.D.) 6065;

Maingay (K.D.) 1202. Srneapore: at Changi, Ardley 2788.

As pointed out by Clarke, this species in its inflorescence and corolla, and, it may

be added, in its fruit, shows a great affinity to V. vestita. But the calyx distinguishes

it at once, and the leaves differ a good deal. Griffith’s fig. represents the anthers only.

Var. Scortechini, King & Gamble. Cymes shorter and few-flowered.

Calyx much shorter, the upper lip only -075 in. long, the lower -025 in.

with more acute lobes. Corolla similar, but middle lobe of lower lip

entire and yellow glands much fewer and less prominent.

Perak: Scortechint; at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9725; at Tapa

Batang Padang, Wray 180; at lower camp, Gunong Batu Pateh, 3400 ft.,

Wray 992, 1080. Nereri SempinaAn: at Seremban, Azdley 10096.—

Distris. Sumatra (Forbes 3060).

Var. Kunstlert, King & Gamble. Leaflets ovate, acuminate at apex

and base, 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 1°5 in. broad; petiole 1 to 2 in. long;

petiolule of end leaflet -5 in., of side leaflets -25 in. long. Calyx 2-lipped ;

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 857

short, -1 in. long; upper lip -075 in. long, acute or rounded, often

2-lobed ; lower lip acutely 2-lobed, the lobes -05 in. long. Corolla-tube

slender, -45 in. long, very glandular; upper lip shortly 2-lobed; lower

lip 3-lobed, side lobes short, narrow, midlobe longer, obtuse. <Anther-

cells with a short rounded beak. Otherwise as in type.

Perak: at Ulu Bubong, in open jungle at 400 to 600 ft., King’s

Collector 10605. Trinecanu: at Bunda, Rostado (Herb. Ridley 11982).

—Distris. Sumatra (Forbes 2685).

This is a well-marked variety, but is not quite deserving of specific rank.

Tribe III. CaAaryvorrTERIDE.

11. Peronema, Jack.

A small tree; branchlets grey-tomentose. Leaves opposite, impari-

‘pinnate ; leaflets sub-opposite, in several pairs, entire. Inflorescence of

large compound, spreading, terminal, trichotomous panicles of corym-

bose cymes ; flowers very small; bracts small, setaceous. Calyx cam-

panulate, 5-partite, not accrescent. Corolla-tube short; limb 2-lipped,

5-lobed, the midlobe of the lower lip longer than the rest. Stamens 2,

involute in bud, exsert; anthers broadly ovate-reniform with parallel

cells. Ovary 4-celled, the cells 1-ovuled; style filiform; stigma entire

or bifid; ovules attached laterally near the top of the placenta. Fruzt

a small globose capsule of 4 crustaceous valves, the valves separating

from the base together with the adjoining portions of the central

placenta. Seeds attached centrally near their top, pendulous, exal-

buminous ; testa thin, as are the cotyledons; radicle minute—DIstTRIB.

One species, Malayan.

PERONEMA CANESCENS, Jack in Mal. Misc. II. No. 7, 46 (1822). A

small tree; bark grey; branchlets stout, grey, obtusely quadrangular ;

pith quadrangular. Leaves chartaceous, reaching 1 to 2 ft. in length ;

pinnules 7 to 9 pairs, the upper pairs usually opposite, the lower sub-

opposite or nearly alternate; the rachis winged, the wings narrow, from

‘05 to -25 in. broad; petiole 2 to 7 in. long; leaflets sessile, lanceolate,

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, gradually increasing in size up-

wards, from 1 in. by ‘5 in. at the base to as much as 9 in. by 2°5 in. at

the tip; upper surface glabrous, lower puberulous, tawny-canescent ;

margins entire or serrate ; midrib prominent ; main nerves 20 to 30

pairs, regular, straight, joined by loops near the margin; reticulations

netted. Panicle reaching 12 in. in length and about 20 in. in breadth,

tawny-puberulous; peduncle stout; rachis quadrangular; lower

branches opposite, long- (4 to 5 in.) peduncled, ending, as the upper

ones, in corymbose, many-flowered cymes; bracts scarcely -2 in. long,

858 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

bracteoles very small, numerous; pedicels slender, very short; buds

globose; flowers white. Calyx lin. long; lobes acute, glabrous within.

Corolla glabrous within, pubescent without ; lower midlobe -15 in. long,

the rest 1 in. Stamens deflexed ; filaments thickened towards the base.

Ovary villous, as is the base of the style. Capsule densely tawny-

pubescent, ‘125 in. broad, -1 in. long. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 152;

Wall. Cat. 9075; Schauer in DO. Prodr. XI. 627; Wight Ic. t. 1460;

Griff. Notul. IV. 177; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 909; Clarke in Hook. f. FI.

Br. Ind. IV. 599; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. VII. 214. P. heterophyllum,

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 570.

Penance: Racecourse, Curtis 2427. Prrax: at Tjuk, Scortechina

1160. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6015. Panane: Frdley 2247.

SINGAPORE: at Bukit Mandai, Ridley 3993.—Distris. Sumatra (Teys-

mann, Forbes 2655), Java, Borneo (Motley 870).

12. PETRMOVITEX, Oliver.

Shrubs, usually climbing. Leaves opposite, simple or 3-foliolate or

bipinnate, petiolate. Inflorescence of terminal or axillary paniculate

cymes with puberulous spreading branches; bracts subulate; flowers

very small, shortly pedicellate. Calyx short, campanulate, much accres-

cent after flowering, the tube then long, and the lobes converted into

oblanceolate scarious reticulate wings. Corolla oblique, 2-lipped; the

lobes obtuse, incurved at the tip. Stamens 4, subequal or didynamous ;

exsert or included; anthers oblong; cells parallel. Ovary obovoid,

imperfectly 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled; ovules pendulous; style slender ;

stigma bifid. Prwt capsular, oblong or wedge-shaped; exocarp thin.

Seeds 2 (or 1 by suppression), attached to the central placenta ; testa

membranous ; albumen none; cotyledons oblong or obovate, emarginate,

fleshy ; radicle thick, inferior.—Distris. About 3 species, native of the

Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.

Tawny-pubescent ; leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets under 3 in. long;

capsule prominently ribbed .. ifs ye

Glabrous or very slightly puberulous; leaves 1 to 3-foliolate,

leaflets over 3 in. long; capsule not ribbed 5¢ .. 2. P. bambusetorum.

. L. P. Scortechinit.

1. PeTR#oviTEX ScorTEcHINu, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 113

(1908). A shrub, perhap sclimbing; branchlets pale brown, somewhat

angular, puberulous; innovations tawny-pubescent. Leaves opposite,

membranous, trifoliolate; end leaflet ovate, shortly and obtusely acute

at apex, rounded or slightly cuneate at base; 2 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 in.

broad; upper surface minutely pubescent, lower grey-pubescent ; margins

entire or undulate, main nerves 4 pairs, curving sharply upwards; side

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 859

leaflets similar but rather smaller and usually somewhat unequally cor-

date at base; petiole 1:5 to 2 in. long; petiolule of end leaflet 5 to :75

in. long, of side leaflets -25 in. long, all pubescent. Cymes in axillary,

tawny-pubescent, 3- or 2-branching panicles up to 6 in. long, the upper-

most very short and few-flowered; bracts leafy, nearly orbicular, ‘5 to

‘75 in. in diam., pale; pedicels short. Calyx deeply-cleft, tawny-pubes-

cent; lobes 5 or 4, oblong or spathulate, :25 in. long ; fruiting calyx much

enlarged ; the tube 25 in. long, enclosing the fruit; the 5 or 4 lobes

expanded into elliptic oblong shining scarious lobes -75 to 1 in. long,

having 3 to 5 longitudinal nerves and prominent netted reticulation.

Corolla very small (buds only available), 2-lipped; lobes spathulate,

concave, ‘1 to 15 in. long. Stamens 4 exsert, 2 lower longer than the

2 upper; filaments short; anther-cells of upper pair parallel, of lower

slightly divaricate. Ovary cylindric, villous, obtuse at top, 2-celled ;

style short; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes spreading. H7rwt capsular,

oblong or wedge-shaped, obtuse and pubescent at tip, -2 to -25 in. long;

exocarp chartaceous, striate. Seeds 2 (or 1 by suppression); cotyledons

obovate, obliquely obtuse, emarginate, 15 in. long, -1 in. broad.

PrerAk: Scortechina'753 (or 1753 ?).

2. PHETRHOVITEX BAMBUSETORUM, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 113

(1908). A creeper reaching 80 to 50 ft. long and 2 to 3 in. in diam.

(King’s Collector); branches smooth, pale brown. Leaves opposite,

chartaceous, 1- or 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate, acuminate at apex, rounded

or slightly cuneate at base; 3 to 4 in. long, 1:5 to 2:5 in. broad; both

surfaces glabrous ; margins entire; main nerves about 8 pairs, straight

to join a looped intramarginal nerve rather far from the edge; reticu-

lations netted, raised, prominent beneath; petiole 1 to 2 in. long; petio-

lules -25 to ‘5 in. long, slender, the end one slightly the longest. Cymes

in sessile or peduncled, thyrsoid, axillary, glabrous or puberulous

panicles reaching 4 to d in. long and about 3 in. broad ; rachis angular,

very slender as are the branches and pedicels; bracts leafy, lanceolate,

long-acuminate; bracteoles minute, setaceous; pedicels very short;

buds ovoid. Calyx in bud very small, scarcely -05 in. long, with

triangular acute teeth ; gradually enlarging later until in fruit it has a

tube -25 to -35 in. long and strongly ribbed, with oblong-spathulate,

membranous, shining lobes ‘4 to ‘5 in. long and ‘1 to ‘15 in. broad;

the lobes prominently 3-nerved and reticulate. Corolla very small

(buds only available), 2-lipped, the upper lip slightly 2-lobed, the lower

deeply 3-lobed, all very small and glabrous. Stamens 4, subequal ; fila-

ments stout ; anthers oblong with parallel cells. Ovary rounded; style

short; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, wedge-shaped, slightly convex

above, °3 in. long; exocarp thin pubescent, not ribbed. Seeds 2 (or 1

860 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

by suppression) ; testa membranous ; cotyledons obovate, truncate and

slightly emarginate.

PrErRAK: in dense bamboo forests, at 500 to 700 ft., near Ula Kerling,

King’s Collector 8765.—Distris. Borneo (Haviland 1913 ; Ridley 9065).

The Perak specimens are rather poor ones, with flowers in bud and very

young fruit, and they have 3-foliolate leaves, while the Borneo specimen is unifolio-

late and in fruit; so that it 1s not quite certain that they belong to the same species,

but after very careful examination we believe that they do, as the leaflets are identical

and so are the nerves of the fruiting calyx.

The genus Petr@oviter was founded by Prof. D. Oliver on P. Riedelii, Oliv., in

Hook. f. Ie. Pl. V. 15. t. 1420 (1883), a plant sent from the Island of Buru by Mr.

Riedel, and remarkable for its bipinnate leaves.

Tribe IV. SymPHOREMEZ.

13. SPHENODESME, Jack.

Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire. Inflorescence of capi-

tate, 3- or 7-flowered, centrifugal cymes enclosed in an involucre of

6 foliaceous accrescent bracts, the cymes in pairs on the branches of

large terminal or axillary, leafy, thyrsoid panicles. Calyx ovoid-campanu-

late, usually enlarging after flowering; lobes of 5 rather short teeth.

Corolla sub-regular ; tube short, cylindric; lobes 5d, rarely 6, subequal,

imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla below

the throat, included or exsert; anthers small, oblong or reniform, the

cells parallel or divergent. Ovary 2-celled, the cells 2-ovuled; ovules

pendulous from the apex of the placentiferous axis; style filiform, short

or long; stigma 2-lobed. Drwpe globose or obovoid, included in the

calyx, 1-seeded or rarely 2-seeded; exocarp leathery. Seed globose,

entirely filling the cavity or its lower part; the placentas included

within the cotyledons; testa membranous; cotyledons thick, very

fleshy; radicle very small, inferior—Distris. About 10 species, in

India, Malaya and the Malay Archipelago.

Corolla-lobes long, narrow; style very short ; anthers included in

the corolla-tube (Sect. 1. Bracuynema, Griff.) +- 1. S. ferruginea.

Corolla-lobes ovate or oblong, broad; style long, exsert; aes

exsert (Sect. 2. EuspHenopEsma, C. B. Clarke) :—

Flower-heads 3-flowered, the 6 bracts small in flower, enlarged in

fruit; branchlets and leaves glabrous or nearly so .. 2. S. triflora.

Flower-heads 7-flowered, the 6 bracts enlarged both at dower:

time and in fruit :—

Branchlets, leaves and inflorescence rufous-hirsute; ree

very hirsute .. : : . 3. S. barbata.

Branchlets, leaves and Tprenconee cperealn pabesgee or

glabrate ; calyx nearly glabrous Se Ee .. -4. S. pentandra.

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 861

1. SPHENODESME FERRUGINEA, Briquet in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzen-

fam. IV. 3a, 181 (1894). A shrub, probably climbing; branchlets and

inflorescence rusty stellate-tomentose ; branchlets obscurely quadrangu-

lar. Leaves chartaceous ; ovate or elliptic, acute at apex, cuneate or

obtuse at base ; sparsely hispid-pubescent on the upper surface, especi-

ally on the nerves, softly ferruginous-tomentose on the lower; 3 to

5d in. long, 2 to 3-5 in. broad ; midrib stout ; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs, the

lowest pair from close to the base, the next about -2 in. above it, both

nearly straight to the margin and then along it, the rest curved to meet

in a looped intramarginal nerve; transverse nervules irregular; petiole

stout, 25 in. to ‘dO in. long. Pamncles axillary or terminal, spreading,

leafy, densely covered with tawny-yellow tomentum, the whole forming

a thyrsus 12 in. or more in length and about as broad; peduncles 2 to

3 in. long, 3- or 5-chotomous, the two lower branchlets short-peduncled

with each a pair of capitate heads, the two upper long-peduncled and

again branching; heads 7-flowered supported by 6 spathulate bracts

‘75 in. long and 25 in. broad; buds obovoid; flowers sessile. Calyx

tubular, densely stellate-tomentose without, whitish-villous within,

‘25 in. long, 2-lipped, the lips variably lobed, usually the upper 2-lobed

rather deeply cleft, the lower very minutely 3-toothed. Corolla-tube

funnel-shaped, slightly curved, °3 in. long, tomentose without, densely

villous within ; lobes 5, 6 or 7, ‘2 in. long, linear or ligulate, twisted.

Stamens included, inserted low down on the corolla-tube, usually some-

what irregularly but generally in 2 to 3 rows, if 3 rows and 7 stamens

the upper row 3, the middle 2, the lower 2, these latter close to the base ;

filaments slender, glabrous, about :1 in. long; anthers reniform. Ovary

columnar, glabrous; style extremely short; stigma very shortly bifid.

Frat not known. S. microstylis, Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IY.

600. Brachynema ferruginea, Griff. Notul. IV. 176.

StamesE States: Pungah, abundant! Curtis 2963; Tongka, fide

Curtis ——Distrip. Burma (Moulmein & Mergui, Griffith (K.D.) 6007,

in part; Tavoy, Parish), Siam (Murton 62).

The curious arrangement of the stamens inside the corolla-tube and the very short

-style are such well-marked characters that it would almost seem advisable to reconsti-

tute the genus Brachynema, or else to bring together into one genus of 4 sections

Sphenodesme with Symphorema and Congea. We are inclined to consider the latter the

best course, but it should be done in discussing a Monograph of the Tribe rather than

the few species found in a limited area.

2. SPHENODESME TRIFLORA, Wight Ic. t. 1478 (1850). A climbing

(sometimes erect, Kwnstler) shrub; branchlets dark brown, terete,

rough with many small lenticels, a slight ring at the nodes. Leaves

862 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

chartaceous; lanceolate, bluntly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base;

glabrous on both surfaces or the younger ones slightly velutinous ; 3 to

5 in. long, 1 to 2 in. broad; midrib prominent beneath; main nerves

5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair very inconspicuous, close to the margin,

the next at about ‘25 in. from the base and 40° with the midrib, curving

up to and along the margin, but not meeting the remaining 3 to 4 which

curve at about 50° and meet in intramarginal loops; transverse nervules

arched; reticulations netted; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, curved. Panicles

very long, grey-pubescent, the lower branches leafy with ordinary

leaves, the upper ones with gradually smaller leaves becoming bract-

like; the branches very long, up to 2 ft., slender, scarcely 1 in. broad,

bearing distant opposite pairs of 3-flowered capitate cymules each

supported by a pair of reduced leaves and furnished with 6 spathulate

bracts usually longer than the flowers and enlarging in fruit; flowers

sessile, the corollas dark purple, the calyx and bracts dull red. Calyx

tubular, 10-nerved, velutinous-pubescent without, densely villous with-

in, ‘1 to ‘15 in. long; lobes 5, triangular, short. Corolla puberulous ;

tube cylindric, with a ring of hairs near the mouth within, 26 in. long ;

lobes 5, subequal, rounded. Stamens shortly exsert; filaments slender ;

anthers reniform, the cells somewhat divergent. Ovary pyriform, gla-

brous; style slender. Drwpe ovoid or obovoid, sometimes constricted

above, included in the enlarged prominently ribbed calyx, and supported

by the 6 oblong-spathulate glabrescent enlarged bracts, which reach

‘d) to ‘75 in. long and ‘15 to ‘3 in. broad, and have 3 prominent nerves

joined by transverse nervules; exocarp leathery. Seed 1, globose,

completely filling the lower part of the cavity of the drupe, the upper

part empty; cotyledons -1 in. in diam., including between them the

remains of the placenta. Griff. Notul. IV. 182; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

II. 910; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 61. Congea Jackiana,

Wall. Cat. 1735, partly.

PrenanG: at Ayer Etam, 1000 ft., Curtzs 210. Prrax: at Tapa and

Jenah, Wray 683, 1383, 1752; at Gunting Bidai, Ridley 7598; at

Salam, Scortechimi 1119; in open jungle up to 500 ft., Kunstler (King’s

Collector) 160, 1098, 1623, 2474. Srnancor: Semangko Pass, Ridley

12086, 12088. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6009,1; Maingay (K.D.)

1196; at Sungei Udang, Derry 585. JoHorE: at Bukit Kayara, Ridley

11347. Srncarpore: Kampar jungles, Deschamps.—DistRis. Sumatra

(Forbes, 3083).

3. SPHENODESME BARBATA, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 623 (1847). A

climbing shrub ; branches dark brown, rough, lenticellate; innovations,

branchlets and inflorescence patently rufous-hirsute. Leaves charta-

ceous: elliptic or elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, suddenly and

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 863

obtusely acuminate at apex, also mucronate, acute or somewhat rounded

at base; sparsely tawny-villous on both surfaces when young, glabres-

cent when old except on the nerves ; 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 15 in. broad ;

midrib conspicuous, ending in the mucro; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs,

the lowest pair almost from the base, the next a little higher up, the

rest more distant, curving to join in an intramarginal nerve; trans-

verse nervules few but prominent; petiole -2 to 3 in. long, twisted.

Pamcles in terminal racemes of heads or in single or few pedunculate

axillary pairs of heads; the heads 7-flowered, each with 6 spathulate

bracts reaching °75 in. long and :25 in. broad and prominently nerved ;

peduncles ‘5 to 1:5 in. long, very slender; flowers sessile, corolla blue.

Calyx campanulate, -15 to ‘2 in. long, densely long-rufous-hirsute with-

out; lobes 5, short, triangular, each with often 1 or 2 subsidiary shaggy

teeth. Corolla-tube cylindric, :1 in. long, glabrous below, villous in a

ring at the throat within; lobes subequal, -125 in. long, oblong-

spathulate, pubescent without. Stamens inserted in the throat of the

corolla-tube, exsert ; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers oblong, cells

parallel. Ovary rounded, densely villous; style slender, as long as

stamens; stigmatic lobes 2, very short. Drwpe small, globose or ob-

ovoid, included in the enlarged calyx, ferruginous-villous; exocarp

erustaceous. Seed 1, globose, completely filling the cavity of the

drupe; testa very thin; cotyledons thick, ‘05 to -1 in. in diam.

Wight Ic. 1474 (ferruginea, R.W. in fig. 7); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT.

910; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 601. Congea barbata, Wall.

Cat. 1738.

Penang: Wallich 1738; at Tulloh Bahang, Curtis; Phillips.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6009,2; Maingay (K.D.) 1194; Hervey.

4, SPHENODESME PENTANDRA, Jack in Mal. Misc. I. 19 (1820), and

in Hook. Bot. Mise. I. 285 (1830). A climbing shrub; branchlets

obscurely quadrangular, lenticellate, pubescent, dark brown. Leaves sub-

coriaceous ; elliptic-oblong, -ovate, or -lanceolate, bluntly acute or acu-

minate often mucronate at apex, rounded at base ; both surfaces glabrous

when old, the upper shining, the lower pubescent when young; the

nerves beneath generally pubescent; 2 to 7 in. long, 1 to 2°5 in. broad ;

-midribstout ; main nerves 7 to 8 pairs, the lowest very thin and close to the

margin, the next a little above, curving to and along the margin almost to

the tip, the rest more distant, curving to meet in a prominent looped intra-

marginal nerve; transverse nervules many, nearly at right angles to the

midrib; reticulations netted, prominent ; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, pubes-

cent, channelled, curved. Panicles axillary and terminal, many-flowered,

somewhat puberulous, often racemose, leafy and reaching 6 to 15 in. in

length ; the capitate heads in opposite pairs on slender ‘5 to -75 in,

864 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

long peduncles; flowers in each head 7, supported by 6 oblong-spathu-

late, obtuse, nearly glabrous, bracts -75 to 1:25 in. long, -25 to °35 in.

broad, and with about 6 prominent nerves and reticulations; flowers

blue or purple with a yellowish calyx and pale yellow bracts. Calyx

campanulate or funnel-shaped, usually prominently 10-ribbed, nearly

glabrous, °25 in. long; when young with 5 short lobes and a mucro in

the angles between them, when old with 5 prominent acuminate aris-

tate lobes, and 5 aristate teeth in the axils; reticulately nerved in the

upper half. Corolla tubular, the tube :2 in. long, densely villous within

in the upper half, glabrous in the lower; lobes leathery, rounded, -05

to ‘1 in. long, obscurely in 2 lips, the midlobe of the lower lip recurved,

the rest spreading. Stamens 5, inserted a little below the mouth of the

corolla-tube, long-exserted ; filaments slender ; anthers oblong, the cells

parallel. Ovary densely tawny-villous; style very long, slender ; stig-

matic lobes 2, spreading. Drwpe the size of a pea, globular (Kozb.).

Seed 1, conform to the drupe; cotyledons unequal. Wight Ic.

t. 1475 (S. Wallichiana, Schauer in letterpress); Griff. Notul. IV.

181; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 602; Briquet in Engl.

& Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. 34, 181, fig. 67 p,F. S. Wallich-

tana, Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 622. S. Jackiana, Schauer

l.c.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 299. 8S. acuminata, Wight Ic. t. 1476

(S. Jackiana, Schauer in letterpress). Roscoea pentandra, Roxb. FI.

Ind. IIT. 54. Congea pentandra and Jackiana, Wall. Cat. 1734, 1735.

C. azurea, Wall. Cat. 1733, partly. Symphorema Jackianum, Kurz For.

Fl. IT. 255.

JUNKSEYLON or ToNGKA: Curtis. KepAH: Coah on Langkawi Island,

Curtis 2522; Ridley 8320. Prnana: Wallich 1735,1; Curtis 269.

Province WELLESLEY: at Krian, Ridley 9391. Prrax: Scortechini

519; King’s Collector (Kunstler) 3100, 4532, 7691, 10642. Manacca:

Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1195; Cuming 2388; Derry 40. Panane :

. firdley 2160. JoHore: at Bukit Songa, Ridley 11122.—Disrris. India

(Assam, Khasia Hills, Burma), Borneo.

14. ConcEa, Roxb.

Large climbing shrubs, usually tomentose with mixed simple and

stellate hairs. Leaves opposite, entire. Inflorescence of pedunculate,

capitate, 3- to 9-flowered, involucrate cymes in large terminal panicles ;

the bracts at the base of the peduncles leaf-like, often white or coloured ;

the involucres of 3 or 4 elliptic or oblong or spathulate bracts connate

at the base. Calyx tubular, funnel-shaped, slightly accrescent,

5-toothed. Corolla-tube slender, widening upwards, glabrate without,

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 865

usually villous within, 2-lipped ; the upper lip of 2 lobes, the lower of

3, those of the upper lip the largest. Stamens 4 didynamous, inserted

in the throat of the corolla, exsert; anthers oblong, the cells parallel.

Ovary imperfectly 2-celled, 4-ovuled; ovules pendulous from the apex

of the central placenta; style filiform, shortly bifid. Drupe small,

obovoid, nearly dry, 1-seeded. Seeds conform to the drupe; testa

membranous; cotyledons fleshy, unequal, enclosing the remains of

part of the placenta; radicle very small, inferior—Drstris. Four

species, of Burma and Malaya.

Clarke in Fl. Br. Ind. says the drupes are 4-seeded, but every specimen we have

examined affords one seed only, accompanied by the remains of the placenta and of

3 abortive ovules.

Tnvolucral bracts reaching 1°5 in. by -75 in., white-tomentose ;

leaves beneath and inflorescence more or less ee aera

and with about 5 to 6 pairs of main nerves ° epee en Cemuestttar

Involucral bracts reaching 1:25 in. by °3 to ‘4 in., pale ine,

tomentose; leaves beneath and inflorescence softly tomentose

and with about 4 pairs of main nerves... se -. 2. C. tomentosa.

1. ConcEa vestiTA, Griff. Notul. TV. 174 and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 458,

fig. 21 (1854). A large climbing shrub; branchlets patently fulvous-

hirsute, striate. Leaves submembranous ; ovate or elliptic, sharply acute

at apex, obtuse or shortly cordate at base; upper surface scabrous-

pubescent, ferruginous-villous on the nerves, lower villous and grey-

tomentose; 3 to 7 in. long, 1‘5 to 3 in. broad ; midrib slightly impressed

above; main nerves about 5 to 6 pairs, curving upwards to and along

the margin; transverse nervules many, but, like the reticulations,

obscure; petiole -25 to ‘5 in. long, with long tawny hispid hairs.

Pamcles very large; bracts leaf-like, whitened; involucral bracts 4,

very slightly connate at base, elliptic-obovate, often bifid at apex,

reaching 1:5 in. long by ‘78 in. broad, densely white-tomentose, with

prominent reticulations and 3 pairs of main nerves; flowers rose-

coloured. Calyx funnel-shaped, ribbed, 25 to ‘35 in. long, densely

_white-villous without and within; teeth 5, triangular, acuminate.

Corolla-tube slender below, gradually widening upwards, °3 to ‘35 in.

long, glabrous without, also within except a thick villous ring below

the throat ; upper lip of 2 ovate-oblong erect or recurved lobes, lower

of 3 lobes half as long as the upper, the side lobes erect, the third lobe

decurved, all thin, glabrous, with brown nervules. Ovary oblong-

obovoid, glabrous except a few glands at the tip. Drupe nearly dry,

oboyoid. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 603.

866 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Province WELLESLEY: Arakuda woods, Ridley 6993.—DistRIB.

Tenasserim.

2. ConGEA TOMENTOSA, Roxb. Cor. Pl. III. 90. t. 293 (1819). A

iarge climbing shrub; branchlets densely tawny-tomentose. Leaves

coriaceous ; ovate, acute at apex, rounded at base; upper surface gla-

brous except on the nerves, lower tawny-tomentose; 2 to 4 in. long,

1 to 2:5 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves about 4 pairs, curving

upwards, joined by many regular transverse nervules; petiole tawny-

tomentose, -25 in. long. Panicles terminal, reaching about 6 in. long

and 9 in. broad, 3-chotomous, densely tawny-tomentose ; branches long-

(2 to 2:5 in.) peduncled, racemose, bearing pairs of heads on ‘d in. long

peduncles; bracts leaf-like, caducous; involucral bracts 4 to each head,

pale lilac, ovate or spathulate, slightly emarginate, densely tomentose,

‘75 to 1:25 in. long, 3 to ‘4 in. broad, with 4 to 5 pairs of main

nerves. Calyx funnel-shaped, densely villous especially within, -26 in.

long; teeth 5, -05 to ‘1 in. long, triangular. Corolla-tube slender,

slightly longer than calyx, glabrous except a ring of villous hairs at the

throat within ; 2-lipped, the upper lip long deeply bifid, the lower of

3 short lobes, the midlobe the longest. Stamens long-exsert. Ovary

oboyoid, pyriform, glandular at tip; style very slender; stigmatic lobes

2. Drwpe obovoid, nearly dry ; exocarp crustaceous, smooth. Seed 1,

nearly filling the cavity of the drupe, with 3 abortive ovules; testa

very thin; cotyledons thick, unequal, somewhat emarginate. Wight

Ie. t. 1479,2 or 1565; Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 623; Kurz For.

Fl. II. 256; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 911; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Br.

Ind. IV. 603. Roscoea tomentosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 57. Calochlamys

capitata, Presl Bot. Bemerk. 149.

SoutH-West Sram: at Poongah, Curtis 2903, 2962.—DisTRIB.

India (Chittagong), Burma, Siam. Often cultivated.

The involucral bracts of our specimens do not agree very well with those figured in

the ‘Coromandel Plants,’ but they agree better with the authentic specimens. We

have not been able to make quite sure whether our specimens belong to type tomentosa

or to the var. azurea (C. azurea, Wall. Cat. 1733), but we think to the latter.

The following species seems worthy of description here, as possibly also occurring

in the Peninsula. J

Concesa Forpesu, King & Gamble in Kew Bull. 114 (1908). A large climber,

spreading over great forest trees ; branchlets rather slender, hoary-pubescent. Leaves

chartaceous; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, rounded and

slightly cordate at base; upper surface shining, glabrous except the puberulous nerves ;

lower surface softly pubescent, reddish-brown when dry; 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1°65 in.

broad ; midrib strong, impressed above, as are the 5 to 6 pairs of main nerves which

start at about 30° with the midrib and curve upwards to and along the margin: trans-

verse nervules many, horizontal; reticulations netted; petiole -2 in. long, tawny-

pubescent. Panicles terminal, tawny-pubescent, racemose, reaching abont 12 in. in

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 867

length and 6 in. in breadth; main branches usually 1 pair only, with slender 1 to 1’d in.

peduncles ; heads in pairs on short (‘2 to °3 in. long) peduncles, the pairs 1 to 2 in

apart along the raceme; bracts leafy, coloured; involucral bracts 4, grey-tomentose,

oblong-spathulate, 1 to 1-5 in. long, -4 in. broad, within them a pair of linear-setaceous

bracteoles about -3 in. long; flowers light purple. Culyx tubular, funnel-shaped,

densely villous on both sides but especially within, :3 in. long; teeth triangular,

075 in. long, acute. Corolla-tube cylindric, slender, -3 in. long, glabrous except the

ring of villous hairs at the mouth within; 2-lipped, the upper lip of 2 lobes longer

than the 3 lobes of the lower, margins of the lobes crenulate. Ovary obovoid, gla-

brous except a few glandular dots at top; style very slender. Drupe obovoid, dry;

exocarp crustaceous, smooth, tipped with the persistent base of the style. Seed 1,

with the remains of the placenta and 3 abortive ovules; testa extremely thin, mem-

branous; cotyledons unequal, one concave, the other convex, fleshy, ‘125 in. in diam.,

the apex depressed ; radicle very small.

Sumatra: in deep forest. Lampongs, Forbes 1567.

Tribe V. AVICENNIEZ.

15. AvicEnNIA, Linn.

Shrubs or small trees with long creeping roots which give out at

intervals narrow, conical, leafless suckers. Leaves coriaceous, opposite,

entire. Flowers small, sessile, in capitate pedunculate heads of close

centripetal cymes which are in pairs in the upper axils or in short

terminal trichotomous thyrsi or corymbs; bracts small, shorter than

the calyx. Calyx short, 5-partite, unaltered in fruit; segments ovate,

concave, deeply imbricate. Corolla-tube short, cylindric; lobes 4, sub-

equal or the posterior lobe slightly the largest. Stamens 4, inserted on

the corolla-throat ; filaments short; anthers shortly exsert; cells ellip-

soid, parallel. Ovary imperfectly 4-celled by a 4-winged central axis ;

ovules 4, pendulous between the axial wings; style tapering; stigma

bifid. Hrwt a compressed capsule, dehiscent by 2 leathery valves.

Seed solitary, erect; embryo imperfectly covered by the 2 integuments ;

albumen none; cotyledons large, longitudinally plicate; the radicle

inferior, thick, villous, the plumule conspicuous, developing before the

seed falls—Distris. Muddy estuaries and sea-coasts of the warmer

regions of the globe; species 4 or 5.

Leaves obtuse at apex; capsule over 1 in. long; corolla-tube distinct ;

stamens exsert; style long Se ac .. Ll. A. officinalis.

Leaves acute or acuminate at apex ; capsule aide 1 in. long; corolla-

tube almost none; stamens included; style very short .. .. 2. A. alba.

1. AVICENNIA OFFICINALIS, Linn. Sp. Pl. 110 (1753). A small tree

_ with greyish-brown thin bark and many blind root-suckers; branchlets

pale brown, subquadrangular, glabrous when old; young ones, young

leaves and inflorescence with very close pale tomentum. Leaves coria-

ceous ; elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse at apex, attenuate at base; upper

868 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

surface glabrous, smooth and shining, lower surface pale and with a hard,

very thin, grey or tawny tomentum, at length glabrate; 2 to 4 in. long,

1 to 2 in. broad; midrib stout; very prominent; main nerves 6 to

8 pairs, at first straight, then curving to anastomose near the margin ;

reticulations netted; petiole stout, ‘25 to ‘75 in. long. lowers sessile,

in small heads on rigid angular peduncles either 2 together in upper

axils or several in short terminal thyrsi; bract and 2 bracteoles con-

cave, thick, shorter than the sepals; flowers in each head 3 to 6; corolla

orange-yellow. Calyx-segments thick, :1 to ‘3 in. long, ovate or suborbi-

cular, scarious-ciliate on the margins, the lower part of the back pubes-

cent, the rest glabrous. Corolla-tube very short, cylindric; lobes 4, ovate,

acute or rounded at lip, subequal, -2 in. long, pubescent without, nearly -

glabrous within. Stamens exserted; filaments -1 in. long; anthers

‘05 in. long; cells parallel, ellipsoid. Ovary conoidal, tapering into the

style, together -25 in. long; stigmatic lobes curved. Capsules 1 to

1:5 in. long, ovoid, compressed, beaked, green with greyish tomentum.

Seed 1, completely filling the capsule. Schauer in DC. Prodr. XI. 700 ;

Bedd. For. Man. in El. Sylv. CLXXIV., and Anal. Gen. t. 22, fig. 2;

Brandis For. Fl. 371; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. III. 363; Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 604; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 912; Koord. & Val.

Bijdr. VII. 217; Cooke Bomb. FI. II. 435; Prain Beng. Plants 838.

A. resinefera, Forsk.; Dene.in Nouv. Ann. Mus. III. 402. <A. tomen-

tosa, Br. Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. I. 518; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ITI. 88; Wall.

Pl. As. Rar. IIT. 44, t. 271; Wight Ic. t. 1481; Blume Bijdr. 821;

Griff. Notul. IV. 185; Kurz For. Fl. II. 276. Halodendron Thowarsi1,

Roem. & Sch. Syst. IIT. 485. “ Mangiwm album,” Rumph. Herb. Amb.

Ill. t. 76. ‘‘ Oepata,” Rheede Hort. Mal. IV. t. 45.

Prenane: Wallich 1742; Curtis 3533. Mauacca: Groffith (K.D.) 6069;

Maingay (K.D.) 1208. Styearore: T. Anderson 79; River valley road,

firdley 10370; Hullett 163.—Distrip. Coasts of India, Ceylon, Burma,

Java, eastwards to the Pacific: in tidal creeks and on muddy coasts.

2. AVICENNIA ALBA, Blume Bijdr. 821 (1826). A shrub or small

tree ; branchlets pale brown, shining, obscurely quadrangular; innova-

tions and inflorescence shortly appressed, whitish- or tawny-tomentose.

Leaves coriaceous ; lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, attenuate at

base; glabrous on both surfaces or whitish-tomentose beneath (especi-

ally when young); 2 to d in. long, ‘75 to 2in. broad; midrib prominent ;

margin; secondary nerves few, meeting few arched transverse nervules,

all somewhat raised on the upper surface; petiole thick, -25 to ‘5 in.

long. Flowers sessile, either in small capitate heads or in distichous

spikes in short terminal or axillary panicles; rachises and peduncles

yi: ea TE

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 869

angular; bract and 2 bracteoles concave, thick, shorter than the sepals,

the bract orbicular, ciliate, the bracteoles ovate, ciliate, acute. Calyx-

segments thick, -1 in. long, ciliate, slightly pubescent on the back near

the base, above glabrous and rugose. Corolla-tube very short, some-

times almost none; lobes 4, ovate, concave, acute at tip, the posterior

one sometimes bifid, -1 in. long, glabrous. Stamens included ; filament

‘03 in. long; anthers :02 in. long, oblong; cells parallel. Ovary

columnar, with very short conical villous style, together ‘05 to -1 in.

long; stigmatic lobes 2, erect, thick, minute. Capsules -5 to ‘75 in.

long, obpyriform, gibbous on one side, acute or acuminate; pericarp

green (Kunstler) with greyish tomentum. Seed 1, completely filling

the lower part of the capsule. Wight Ic. t. 1482; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

HESS) Cooke Bomb, HW 4365 Koord: & Val Bide; VIL, 221;

Prain Beng. Plants 838. A. officinalis, Linn., var. alba, Clarke in Hook.

f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 604. A. resinefera, Griff. Notul. IV. 186, and in

Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. 6, fig. 1. A. intermedia, Griff. l.c. A. officin-

alus, Kurz For. Fl. II. 275.

PROVINCE WELLESLEY: in mangrove swamps, Curtvs. DINDINGS :

Pangkore, Scortechint 963. Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 6070, 6071;

Maingay (K.D.) 1209. Sinaapore: Kunstler (King’s Collector) 1152.

—Duistris. India, Burma, Java, Borneo, Celebes, to North Australia,

in tidal creeks.

Koorders & Valeton draw attention to the capitate heads shown in Wight’s

drawing, and refuse to quote t. 1482. We have seen Koorders’ Nos. 9696 and 22009

from Java, which have the heads spicate, as do Kunstler’s specimens No. 1152. Havi-

land’s Borneo specimens are partly spicate, partly capitate; Scortechini’s Pangkore

specimens are capitate. But in all the structure of the flowers is the same and agrees

with that given in Wight’s drawing, so there seems no room for even a variety.

870 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ADDENDA-CORRIGENDA.

Vou. LXXIT. IT. Parr No. 14 (1903).

Page 113, line 21, for “inner” read ‘upper’

P. 114, 1. 7, for “ovate” read “‘ obovate”

P. 117, omit the whole of lines 7, 8 and 9.

P. 152, 1. 4 from below, for ‘‘ PERAKENSIS”’ read ‘‘ PERAKENSE ”’

Pages 187, 188, omet the whole of 19, TRisctap1a, Hook. fil.

Vor. LXXIII. II. Parr No. 15 (1904).

P. 51, 1. 23, after “ Wallich.” wmsert ‘PERAK: Wray 2104, 3271;

Scortechint; Fiidley 8374; King’s Collector 5508, 6431, 6545.—DistTRiB.

Andaman Islands; Sumatra; Java, Forbes 2504.”

P. 51, 1. 11 from below, before “ flowers” ansert “‘ greenish-white ”

P. 52, 1. 25, after “ Flowers” insert “ white, sweet-scented,”’

P. 57, at top of page, msert “34. Knoxia, Linn.”

» >» 1. 8 from below, before ‘‘ CantHium” insert “35.”

P. 59,1. 11 from below, for “ Fruit when ripe... glabrous.” read

“ Fruit oblong, obovoid, 1 in. long, yellow, pulpy, acid in taste.”

P. 60, 1. 20, for “ Fruit unknown.” read “ Fruit black when ripe.”

» » 1. 5 from below, after ‘ Fruit” ansert “ orange,”

P. 62, 1. 20, for “my” read “ our”’

P. 64,1. 12, after “ Flowers” insert “rosy-white, nearly 1 in. in diam.,”’

P. 66, 1. 2, after “ bracteolate” ansert ‘‘; flowers green.”

P. 67, 1. 13, after “ Flowers” insert “ white,”

» » 1 7 from below, after “ calyx;” isert ‘flowers white.”

P. 68, 1. 16, after “‘ pubescent” insert “; flowers white.”

», 1. 2 from below, after “bracteoles” insert ‘‘; flowers white.”

P. 69, 1. 18, after “‘ base” insert “‘; flowers white.”

» », Ll. 4 from below, after “‘bracteolate”’ imsert ‘‘; flowers white.”

P. 70, 1. 15, after “‘ linear” insert ‘‘; flowers white.”

P. 73, 1. 3, after “bract”’ mmsert “‘; flowers white.”

* 1. 9 from below, after “ Flowers” insert “red,”

P. 74, 1. 22, after “long” insert “‘; flowers white.”

P. 75, 1. 3, after “ persistent”’ imsert ‘‘; flowers white.”

1. 5 from below, after ‘‘ tube” insert “; flowers scarlet.”’

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 871

haf 8, before “smaller’’ mmsert “‘ white and ”’

9, 1. 6, after “shorter” add :—

ial

‘Mr. Ridley says this variety is I. stenophylla, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser.

2, ili. 311 (1893), at any rate so far as the Pahang plant is concerned; he considers

it a good species.”

P. 79, 1. 5 from below, after ‘‘ minute” imsert ‘‘; flowers orange.”

P. 80, 1. 5, for ‘‘ ScorTEcHINI” read ‘“‘ ScORTECHINIL.”

» », L. 15, after “puberulous” insert “; flowers red.”

» », 1. 12 from below, after “‘ minute’”’ zmsert ‘‘; flowers red, orange

or yellow.”

P. 81, 1. 24, after “minute” insert “; flowers orange red.”

P. 88, 1. 7 from below, after “common” insert ‘‘, a sea-shore plant.”

P. 89, 1. 3 from below, after “flowers” insert ‘‘ violet,”

P. 91, 1. 8, after “long” add :—

‘Mr. Ridley thinks it is a new species of Timonius.”’

P. 94, 1. 9, after ‘‘ Flowers” insert “pink,”

» » Ll. 5 from below, after “ Flowers” insert ‘‘ white,”

P. 95, 1. 8, omat “ S. longicaulis, Br. in Wall. Cat. 826.”

» » L. 20, after “Flowers” insert “white,”

P. 102, after line 12 add as note :—

‘* Mr. Ridley remarks the occurrence of Myrmecodia echinata, Gaudich., which

is not rare near the sea—Pauane: Ridley 1462. SincaporE: Ridley 5869, 8067.”’

P. 105, 1. 21, after “pedicels” insert , white, bracts purple.”

P. 106, 1. 7, after “long” insert ‘“‘ ochre-yellow, honey-scented.” and

at line 11 after “ Fruit” insert “bright light blue,”

P. 111, 1. 20, for “lucidus.” read “ Lowianus.”

P. 132, 1. 3 from below, for ““Luctbus” read “ Low1aNnus ”

P. 134, 1: 15, for “BC.” read “ Blume”’

Vou. LXXIV. II. Extra Numper. Part No. 16 (1905).

P. 4, 1. 8, for ““Scandent” read ‘“ Erect”’

P. 5, 1. 12 from below, after “ Fruat” insert “white, fleshy,”

P. 6, 1. 5, after “Fruit” insert ‘ white,”

P. 8,1. 23, for “climber” znsert “plant, creeping on tree stems, often ”’

», » lL. 6 from below, after “ Fruit” insert ‘white, showy,”

P. 37, 1. 20, after “obtuse” imsert “; flowers lavender-coloured.”

Paso, 2, after “24 msert “; Fook. £. Hl. Br. Ind. Ill. 336; ;

line 3, for “Calealia” read “Cacalia”; and line 4 for “ H.” read “C.”

872 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

P. 48, at the end of Order LXI. Composit, add :—

“Since the description of this Family was written, the following

species have been noticed as additions to the Flora:

Tribe VERNONIEZ.

Sparganophorus Vaillanti, Gaertn. Fruct. IT. 396 t. 165. A road-

side weed, introduced from the West Indies, common in Singa-

pore.—firdley, Deschamips.

Vernonia eleagnifolia, DC. Prodr. V. 22. At Pekan, Pahang, fide

Fidley.

EG ne ee eas ee eee Tee

Tribe ASTEROIDE.

Erigeron linifolius, Willd. Sp. Pl. III. 1955. An escape or garden

weed, common.—Penang, Curtis 3389, 3401.

Grangea maderaspatana, Poir.; DC. Prodr. V. 373. Kedah, Curtis

809.

Tribe INULOIDEZ.

Blumea myriocephala, DC. Prodr. V. 445. Selangor, Curtis, 2350.

Cesulia axillaris, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 62, fide Ridley.

Tribe HELIANTHOIDE.

Enhydra fluctwans, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 511. Penang, Curtis 3455.

Acanthospermum xanthioides, DC. Prodr. V. 521. An introduced

weed in Singapore, fide Lizdley.”

9, line 13, after “ Flowers” insert ‘bright mauve,”

3, 1. 10, for “purple” read ‘pale blue ”’

4,1. 24, for “adnatus” read “adnatum”

5, 1. 5 from below, omit ‘“Stncaprore; Lobb.”

i ae ne 4 to 2 from below, omzt as (Trans. Linn. Soce., &e.

.. common.’

P. 56, 1. 14 from below, for “Salian”’ ee “Tahan ”

, 1. 4 from below, for ‘‘ marcescent” read “‘accrescent ”

, L. 19, at beginning insert ‘‘ PRovINCE WELLESLEY: common.’

, l. 23, for “microphylla” read “microphyllum ”

]

P.4

P.5

P25

”

13 from below, for ‘‘ white” read “pink”

, 1. 11, after “shrub” isert “or small tree or an epiphyte on

lofty trees ”

P. 66, 1. 14, after “paler” insert ‘often bright red when fresh ”

- 4, 4, L. 22, after “Corolla” insert “pink or white,”

P. 67, 1. 29, after “long” wmsert “‘, pink, fragrant,”

» » 1. 7 from below, after “Fruit” insert “black, edible,”

P. 58

Poot

P. 64,

P. 66

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.. 873

P. 72, at the end of Diptycosta add note :—

** D. lancifolia, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. No. 39, 15 (1903) from

Gunong Benom in Pahang, has been omitted.”

P. 91, at end of GENTIANACE add note :—

** Ridley says that Lxacum tetragonum, Exacum pedunculatum and Canscora

diffusa, only admitted on the authority of Lobb’s specimens which are of very

doubtful iocality, ought probably to be excluded. He would add Limnanthemum

eristatum, Griseb. found at Singapore and at Batu Pahat river, Johore.”’

Part No. 17 (1908).

Page 123, line 5, after “‘ Berry” insert “ white,”

P. 131, last line, after ‘“‘ 1808” insert ‘Sincarore : Changchukang,

Ridley 3653, 3844 (fide Ridley).”

P. 171, line 28 after ‘101; insert “ Regensb. FI. 578 { (1855): Walp.

Ann. V. 475. Ceratophorus Leerit,” ; and line 31, for “« King’s Collector ”

read “‘ Wray ”

P. 175, 1. 26, for “ (?)”’ insert “ about 20 feet high”’; and last line,

before ‘ Ridley” insert “in the Bukit Kutu woods,”

Peo EP l0vafier 60°" insert “to 80" ; and fer “10 to: 15 im.”

read ‘3 to 4 feet.”

P. 193, ll. 18, 19, for :—

Sef AS 5, asin is” read ‘‘ old trees of any size have become scarce in a wild

state, seedlings being still plentiful, but it is”

P. 196, 1. 8, for “ (?)” read “ reaching 50 to 60 feet in height” and

line 29, add :—

‘¢ The timber is heavy and is used in house-building (Ridley).”

P. 237, 1. 1, after “144” insert “*; Brand Monog. Sympl. 40.”

P. 254, 1. 21, for “‘ 7348” read “ 7848.”

P. 257, last line but two add :—‘‘ Remarkable among Jasmines

for having white instead of black fruit (Ridley).”

P. 272, 1. 14, to note add :—

‘Ridley says this is Linociera lancifolia, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. No. 39, 14 (1903).”

Part No. 18 (1905).

Page 280, line 14, after “sessile” ansert % white,”

P. 284, after line 12, insert note:—

‘Ridley says that he found Ehretia buzifolia, Roxb. Cor. Pl. I. 42, t. 57

along the Rumpin River in Pahang. We have seen no specimens.”

874 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula

Page 292, line 19, after “ Flowers” insert ‘ white,

P. 295, 1. 4, after “ Wray 2580!” put “;”. instead of “.” and- for

““Matacca: Bujong” read “ Bujong Malacca,”

P. 335, 1. 18, add:—‘‘ Common on the sea-shore (fidley)’’ and to

the note after “ species.”” add :—

‘Ridley writes that Solanum mammosum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 187 should be

added as itis thoroughly established and a conspicuous feature of the scenery on

waste ground ia Selangor and Perak. It is also common in old tin mines. No

specimens have been seen.”

PrBs ONO fOr MC. MeO AUP

P. 340, 1. 15, to note add :—

‘« Ridley says the purple-flowered variety is by far the commonest, but is

not wild and is found on waste ground only.”

P. 340, last line but 2, for “all” read “some of” and after

“provinces” znsert “ sparingly,”

P. 348, 1. 20, delete ‘‘ Herpestris pygmea, Griff. Notul. IV. 104.”

P. 348, 1. 25, after“ Flowers” insert “ violet with white throat,”

P. 350, 1. 8, for ‘‘sESSIFLORA,” read ‘‘ SESSILIFLORA, ”

P. 352, 1. 4 from below, omit ‘white or white and pink” and

after “ exserted”’ add “‘; tube and back of upper lip cherry red, lower

lip white with a yellow central spot, stigmas yellow (Rzdley).”

P, 354, 1. 3, for “ astatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 619” read “‘ ATROPURPUREA

Ridley n. sp.”

P. 354, lines 12 to 17, omzt all the references.

PS 55° an 195,20, omit “< DistRis. ae, tovendss

P. ,, line 21, for “ BENTHAMIANA....- 2926” read ‘‘ CHLESTIS,

Ridley, n. sp.” —

P. 354, lines 29 to 31, omit all the references.

P. ,, line 22, omzt “ DistrRiB. &c.”’

P. 355, at the end of the genus TorEntra add note —

‘“« Ridley says that 7. Benthamiana, Hance, is often cultivated but is not

established. He also says that 2’. mucronulata, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X. 409

should be added with the following localities. Prnana: Waterfall and Govern-

ment Hill, Curtis, 1837. Trenaecanu: Bundi, Rostado. Dinp1nes: Gunong

Tungul, Ridley 9444. Panana: at Tahan River, Ridley. Stneapore: Garden

jungle, Bukit Timah, Ridley 6894.”

P. 357, 1. 8, after “ Corolla” insert “light blue,”

Part No. 19 (1907).

Page 399, lines 23, 24, for :—

“But the author gives no explanation of his drawings,’

author uses the term ‘ funiculus umbilicalis.’”

insert ‘‘and the

;

Pehle ete ele SS

a ee sa le ee

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 875

P. 469, line 16, at the end change “‘.”’ to “;”’ and in line 17 omit

“ S. caudatus,”

Beat. 15, for “193.” read “ 192.”

P. 532, 1. 7 from below, for ‘ sELANGORICA, King & Gamble, n. sp.”

substitute “carnosuM, Merrill & Rolfe in Philipp. Journ. Sc. III.

(1908) 121.”

P. 533, 1.9, after “all” add ‘“ Oxystelma carnosum, R. Br. Prodr.

Fl. Nov. Holl. 462; Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 543. Cynanchum

carnosum, Schltr. in Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philipp. 120, Vincetoxicum

carnosum, Benth. Fl. Austral. TV (1869) 331.”

Page 533, 1. 11 at end, add ‘“ Australia.”

P. 543, 1. 17, for “ Patch” read “ Pateh ”’

P. 546, 1. 12, for “ Hort. Ham.” read “ Herb. Buch.-Ham.”

P. ,, ,, 4 from below, for “Tjuk” read “ Tjuk”’

P. 549, at end of PERGULARIA wmsert note :—

‘* According to N. H. Brown (Kew Bull. 323 (1907) ) the generic name Pergu-

laria really belongs to Demia and (This.-Dyer Fl. Cap. IV. i. 775) the species

described under Pergularia must be renamed under Txtosma, Coville.”

P. 554, line 19, omat “« Matacca: Griffith 3764.”

P. 574, 1. 12, after “rounded” msert “or cuneate ”

P. 579, lines 6 to 10, for “‘ Wall. Cat....... t. 4545” read “ Lindl.

Bot. Reg. (1847) t. 54; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4545; Wall. Cat. 8171;

Dene. in DC. Prodr. VIII. 633; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. IT. 513.”

P. 586, after line 7, anmsert note :—

‘‘ For a discussion of the curious modifications of the leaves of D. Rafflesiana,

D. complex, and other species, see the following: Treub in Ann. Buit. III. 13 ;

Scott & Sargent in Ann. Bot. VII. 243; This.-Dyer in Ann. Bot. XVI. 365;

H. H. W. Pearson in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXV. 376.”

Part No. 20 (1907).

Page 637, line 10 from below, for ‘“‘ T. Anders.” read ‘“« Wall.”

GAIN, fore bn aread SS ~

P. 646, lines 12, 13, ont “ H. phlomoides” and transfer “Mig. FI.

lind-eBatetla 779-4 tovatten “DC: Prodr. Xl. 90: ~

P. 683, line 17, for “ Wall.’’ read “ Nees”

P. 700, last line of analysis, omzt ‘18. Cymaria” and wnsert

‘‘ Anthers 2-celled; upper lip of corolla merely notched -. 18. Cymaria.

Anthers 1-celled; upper lip of corolla 2-lobed .. ee oe) LOL Acry mrs

P. 701, line 4 from below, after “ places’

Deschamps. Province WELLESLEY: Rirdley 7168. SELANGOR: at

Kwala Lumpur, fzdley 10204. Sincapore: Hullett 63, 175.

mmsert ‘“‘ PENANG:

876 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

ANDAMANS at Port Blair, Kurz, King, Prain. Nicopars: Car Nicobar

Moos, King’s Collectors; Katchall, Kurz.”

Pot O Dao Ora PaiAdeny.) ee Manacoa”’ insert “Penance: Wal-

lich 2713 E; at Santong Sotong, Curtis 2492. Dinptnes: at Pangkore

(marked ? introduced) Scortechint 1017. AnpAmans: S. Andaman,

Kang.”

P. 702, lines 27 and 30, for ‘graveolens” read ‘‘ suaveolens ”

P. 704, line 4, for “‘ Perak: Kunstler” insert “‘ Kepan: Langkawi,

on the small islands, Curtis 2577. Perak: near Bernani River at 300

to 400 ft., Kunstler 8813.”

P. 705, 1. 10 from below, at end, znsert “‘ StInGAPORE: Kunstler 89.”

P. 707, after ‘ Provinces.” insert ‘‘ Penana: King, Deschamps.

Perak: at Jenah, 200 to 300 ft., Wray 1759. Matacca: Griffith 3957.

Stncarore: Wallich 2733 ; Schomburgk.”

P. 708, lines 19 and 20, for ‘“SincAPoRE..... 7603!” read

«“ Perak: Upper Perak, Wray 4046; Rawang, Ridley 7603. PAHANG:

Tahan River, Ridley 2131! Matacca: Griffith 3966! SINGAPORE:

G. Thomson; Bukit Panjang, Ridley 3951; Gunong Bintang,

Kunstler 255°’; and at line 22, after “ cultivation,” add “‘ Sumatra (in

Eastern Sumatra, 7. Daud-Herb. Ridley 11336; at Kitta Djawar in

open and sunny waste places in Lampongs, Forbes 1416a).”

P. 709, line 9, after “ Wray” insert “ 1682.”

P. 710, 1. 28, for ‘In all the provinces” read ‘“‘Kepau: Langkawi

Curtis. Prnane: Balick Polo Road, Curtzs 868 ; Deschamps. PERAK:

Scortechint. Pauana: Katapong, Redley 1286. Mauacca: Hervey ;

Griffith. JoHorE: Kwala Kanary, Lake ¢ Kelsall 4028. SINGAPORE :

Kunstler 128; Hullett 19: TZ. Anderson 148. Nicopars: Kamorta,

Kurz; Car Nicobar, King’s Collectors.”

P. 710, after line 28, at end of DysopHyLLA insert the following :—

2. DySOPHYLLA VERTICILLATA, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 1544 (1828).

An annual herb. Stems laxly branched, rarely simple, 6 in. to 3 ft.

high, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves in whorls of 4-10, glabrous, linear,

subacute, margin entire or obscurely toothed ; 1-3 in. long, :15 to :25 in.

wide; petiole short or 0. Flowers in villous or tomentose cylindric

terminal spikes, 1—2 in. long, ‘2 in. in diam.; whorls of cymes close-set

throughout. Calyx in fruit -08 in. long, campanulate; teeth subequal,

triangular, stellately spreading. Corolla -08 in. long, pinkish; tube

slender, hardly exserted; lobes pubescent. Fzlaments exserted, hairy.

Nutlets ellipsoid. Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I. 30, in Lab. Gen. &

Sp. 159, and in DC. Prodr. XII. 157; Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 239 (in

part); Hook. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 639. D. ramosissima, Benth. in Wall.

ERGs WOT ee eet:

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 877

Cat. 1543. D. Benthamiana, Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 5, V. 234.

Mentha stellata, Lour. Fl. Cochin-Chin. 36. M. verticillata, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 44, and in Fl. Ind. III. 5. Pogostemon verticillatus, Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 965.

Kepan: Langkawi, Coah, Curtis 2098! Distris.—Throughout

South Hastern Asia, and in Australia.

Page 714, line 15, for “Prax: Scortechini”’ read “‘ Knpan : Kedah

Peak, Ridley or Curtis. Prrax: Harans, Scortechini 788 !”

P. 715, 1. 6 from below, for “ Inall the provinces ” read “‘ SELANGOR :

Firdley 7601. Anpamans: S. Andaman, King’s Collector. NicoBars:

Nancowry, King’s Collector.”

P. 717, 1. 26, after “escape” add “ Matacca : Bukit Bruang, Hervey.”

P. 719.1. 10 from below, after “Deschamps !” add “‘; Hullett 9.

Prenane: Deschamps. Province WELLESLEY: G. King. PERAK:

Thaipeng, Scortechint 7, 482; Telukanson, Ridley 10769,” and after

“ Grifith!” imsert “« ANDamans: §. Andaman, King’s Collector.”

P. 720, 1. 23, after “1115!” ansert “at Tanjong Joking, Curtis 2491;

Deschamps. PRovinck WELLESLEY : Butterworth, G. King. Mauacca:

G. King’; and line 24, after “48!” insert ‘ Hullett 9.”

P. 721, 1. 14, after “ places” insert “‘ SeELANGOR : Pudok, Goodenough —

10462. Panana: at Pekan, Ridley 1164.”

P. 722, 1. 17, after “7095!” wnsert “Larut at 500 to 1000 it.,

King’s Collector 2372.”

P. 724, 1. 18, after “ Wray!” insert “ Goping, Kunstler 467.”

P. 726, 1. 24, at beginning, imsert ‘“ Panane: at Pulau Tawar, Ridley

2148, also at Kwala Tanbeling,” and lines 26 to 31, omit “It has.....

Materials” and add “Ridley has also collected in Johore at Bukit

Saga (No. 11130) a plant, also with white flowers, which agrees with G.

oblongum in every character except in having calyx-teeth much shorter

than the tube.”

P. 726, 1. 3, after “1310!” insert “ gathered in Botanic Garden, from

a plant sent from Waterloo, Perak, Curtis 2166.”

P. 727, after line 4, the end of Lasiatm, insert the following :—

19. Acrymia, Prain in Kew Bull. for 1908, 114 (1908).

Undershrubs. lowers small, in lax, many-flowered, peduncled,

raceme-like, axillary cymes. Calyx erect, 10-nerved, the intermediate

nerves weaker than the other 5, equally 5-toothed; the tube in fruit

urceolate ; throat within naked. Corolla-tube slightly enlarged upwards,

shortly exserted; limb 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the mid-

lobe larger than’ the lateral; upper lip suberect, 2-fid, not arched.

878 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Stamens 4, exserted, didynamous, the upper pair shorter; anthers

l1-celled. Disk small, equal, entire. Style-arms unequal, the upper

very short. Nutlets obovoid, rugosely pitted; hilum very large,

lateral—Distr1p. Species 1, endemic.

The genus Acrymra is closely allied to Cymaria, with which it agrees as regards

inflorescence and fruit, but from which it differs in having a 2-lobed upper lip that

does not conceal the 1-celled anthers. Though much smaller, the corolla of Acrymia

resembles rather closely the corolla of Ajuga, a genus in which the anther-cells,

though usually discrete, are sometimes at length confluent. In habit, however,

Acrymia is unlike either of the genera to which it is so closely allied, and recalls that

met with in an Indian group of species belonging to the genus Gomphostemma, which

includes G. ovatum, Wall., and G. Mastersii, Benth.

ACRYMIA AJUGIFLORA, Prain in Kew Bull. 115 (1908). A dwarf

undershrub. Stems woody, prostrate and rooting below, 2-3 in. long,

densely leafy above. Leaves opposite, petioled, elliptic, obtuse, crenate

except the sometimes unequally cuneate, or occasionally subtruncate

base; dark green above, paler beneath, fulvous-strigose on both sides,

especially along the 5-7 pairs of main nerves and the secondary reticu-

late veins ; 4-5-8 in. long, 2-3-5 in. wide; petiole -75—2 in. long, fulvous-

strigose. Cymes dichotomously branching, with terminal flowers;

flowers on the branches secundly arranged ; main-peduncles strigose,

slender, ‘75-125 in. long; bracteoles subulate, shorter than pedicels.

Calyx in flower campanulate, ‘08 in. long, in fruit urceolate, -15 in.

long, strigose on the nerves externally; teeth 5, equal triangular as

long as the portion of tube above the constriction; pedicels slender,

strigose, ‘07-1 in. long. Corolla white, ‘25 in. long, glabrous; tube

shortly exserted ; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, mid-lobe obovate ; upper

lip suberect, 2-lobed, lobes oblong, hardly exceeding lateral lobes of

lower lip. laments exserted, hirsute at base, glabrous elsewhere ;

anthers 1-celled. Nwtlets obovoid, -02 in. long, wide-reticulate ; at first

sparsely pubescent, at length glabrescent.

PeERAK: On limestone rocks, in dense jungle, 500-800 ft., Kunstler

(King’s Collector) 10709 !

Parr No. 21 (1908).

P. 795, 1. 8, for “‘ SPHENODESMA.”’ 2nsert ‘‘ SPHENODESME.”’

Nore.—Since the completion of the Families of the Gamopetale, a paper has been

read before the Linnean Society by Mr. H. N. Ridley, F.R.S., on a ‘‘ Collection of

Plants made by Messrs. H. C. Robinson and L. Wray on Gunong Tahan, Pahang.”

It describes a number of new species, and should be consulted by all workers who may

make use of the ‘ Materials for the Flora of the Malay Peninsula.’ It was published

in Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot. XXXYVIII. 301 et seg. (1908).

;

INDEX

TOD VOLS EXxXive IS EXTRA NUMBER:

—

ACANTHACEA! 628

AcANTHOPALE C. B. Clarke 658

? malasica, C. B. Clarke 659

Acanthospermum xanthioides, DC. 872

Acantuus Linn. 659

ebracteatus, Vahl 660

ilicifolius, Linn. 659

var. integrifolia, T.

And. 660

volubilis, Wall. 660

Achimanes sesamoides, Vahl 358

Acmella biflora, Spreng. 43

Acrymia Prain 877

ajugiflora, Prain 878

ApeEnosma R. Br. 343

cxruleum, R. Br. 345

capitatum, Benth. 345

elongatum, Blume 639

hirsutum, Kurz 346

inopinatum, Prain 344

lunceolatum, Blume 636

ovatum, Benth. 344, 345

subrepens, Benth. 345

triflora, Nees 643

triflora, Seem. 347

uliginosa var. erecta, Nees 635

ADENOSTEMMA Forst. 28

elatum, DC. 29

erectum, DC. 29

fastigiatum, DC. 29

latifolium, DC. 29

leiocarpum, DC. 29

macrophyllum, DC. 29

madurense, DC. 29

parviflorum, DC. 29

reticulatum, DC. 29

Roylei, DC. 29

viscosum, DC. 29

viscosum, Forst. 29

ApHATODA Nees 689

Neesiana, Nees 684

quadrifaria, Nees 684

vasculosa, Nees 687

Vasica, Nees 689

AXerauitis R. Br. 84

annulata, Kurz 85

var. rotundifolia, DC. 85

rotundifolia, Roxb. 85

Aigianilites rotundifolia, Presl. 85

/AaicERAS Gaertn. 155

corniculatum, Blanco 157

fragrans, Koenig 157

majus, Gaertn. 156

Malaspinea, DC. 157

minus, A. DC. 157

obovatum, Blume 157

AXetnetiA Linn. 364

abbreviata, Ham. 365

acaulis, Walp. 365

pedunculata, Wall. 365

AMSCHYNANTHUS Jack 731

Forbesii, Ridley 737

Hildebrandii, Hemsl. 734

Lobbiana, Hook. 735

longicalyx, Ridley 735

longiflora, DC. 734

marmorata, 7. Moore 732

Motleyi, Clarke 732

obconica, Clarke 737

perakensis, Ridley 734

radicans, Jack 736

var. lanuginosa,

Ridley 736

radicans, Wall. 737

Rhododendron, Ridley

73d

speciosa, Hook. 733

stenophylla, Ridley 733

Wallichii, R. Br. 736

zebrina, van Houtte 733

Acaumyia Blume 738

staminea, Blume 738

Aganosma G. Don 495

acuminati, G. Don 496

calycina, A. DC. 497

concanensis, Hook. 457

macrocarpa, A. DC. 496

marginata, G. Don 495

Roxburghii, G. Don 497

Wallichti, G. Don 497

880

Acarretes D. Don 59

Griffithii, Clarke 59

AcEratoum Linn. 29

aquaticum, Roxb. 29

conyzoides, Linn. 29

cordifolium, Roxb. 29

Ajuga disticha, Roxb. 715

fruticosa, Roxb. 716

Allamanda ecathartica, Linn. 390

Austonia Br. 435

angustifolia, Wall. 440

var. elliptica, King

& Gamble 441

var. latifolia, King

é& Gamble

441

angustiloba, Miq. 438

calophylla, Mig. 439

costata, Wall. 440

? costulata, Miq. 444

cuneata, Wall. 438

Curtisii, King & Gamble 439

grandifolia, Mig. 442

macrophylla, Wall. 439

pangkorensis, King & Gamble

442

scholaris, Br. 436

spathulata, Blume 437

villosa, Blume 442

Auyxta Br. 415

2? ceriacea, Wall. 415

? cuspidata, Wall. 412

Forbesii, King & Gamble 420

Gynopogon, Syst. Veg. 418

lucida, Wall. 417

odorata, Wall. 418

oleifolia, King & Gamble 419

pilosa, Mig. 416

pumila, Hook. f. 420

quinata, Miq. 418

Scortechinii, King d& Gamble 421

selangorica, King & Gamble 422

stellata, Wall. 421

Ambulia ebracteata, Ham. 349

aromatica, Lamk. 350

Ancyclocladus glaucinus, Pierre 392

ANDROGRAPHIS Wall. 665

paniculata, Nees 665

tenuiflora, 7’. And. 666

Andromeda elliptica, Sieb. & Zuce. 73

flexuosa, Moon 68

Katagherensis, Hook. 68

ovalifolia, Wall. 73

Angelonia grandiflora, C. Moore 341

AntsEIA Choisy 301

Afzelii, G. Don 300

bracteata, Hassk. 300

martinicensis, Choisy 301

uniflora, Choisy 301

ANISOMELES R. Br. 714

disticha, Heyne 715

glabrata, Benth. 715

indica, O. Kuntze 715

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Anisomeles intermedia, Wight 716

malabarica, R. Br. 717

mollissima, Wall. 715

ovata, R. Br. 715

Axoprenpron A. DC. 485

Candolleanum, Wight 487

lanceolatum, King & Gamble

490

paniculatum, A. DC. 486

paucifiorum, Hook. f. 488

rubescens, Teysm. & Binnend.

488

Wyrayi, King dé Gamble 489

Antirrhinum hexandrum, Forsk. 356

AntistRoPHE A. DC. 154

caudata, King & Gamble

154

Curtisii, King & Gamble 155

oxyantha, 4. DC. 155

Antonia Grigithii, Wight 602

APOCYNACEE 387

Apocynum tiliefolium, Lamk. 548

APORUELLIA C. B. Clarke 649

axillaris, C. B. Clarke 650

sumatrensis, C. B. Clarke

650

var. Ridleyi, C. B.

Clarke 650

Arpisia Swartz 118

anceps, Wall. 130

andamanica, Kurz 126

attenuata, Miq. 141

avenis, Blume 101

bambusetorum, King & Gamble

153

biflora, King & Gamble 142

chrysophyllifolia, Aing & Gamble

123

chrysophylloides, Miq. 127

colorata, Roxb. 129

var. complanata, Clarke 130

var. elliptica, King &

Gamble 131

var. polyneura, Clarke 130

var. salicifolia King &

Gamble 131

complanata, Wall. 131

crassa, Clarke 131

crenata, Roxb. 148

var. angusta, Clarke 150

crenulata, Lodd. 149

crispa, A. DC. 149

densa, Miq. 149

divergens, Roxb. 133

elliptica, Bedd. 138

ferruginea, Mez 125

fulva, King & Gamble 124

glabrata, Blume 144

glandulosa, Blume 149

grandiflora, Wall. 130

Hasseltiit, Blume 135

Hullettii, Mez 141

humilis, A. DC. 138

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Ardisia humilis, Clarke 136

Kunstleri, King d& Gamble 136

labisiefolia, King & Gamble 127

lanceolata, Roxb. 134

lankawiensis, King & Gamble 125

Leschenaultit, DC. 135

littoralis, Andr, 135

longepedunculata, King &

Gamble 150

z, lurida, Blume 138

macrocarpa, Wall. 146

Maingayi, King & Gamble 151

Meziana, King & Gamble 147

Miqueliana, Scheff. 125

minor, King & Gamble 146

mollis, Blume 144

montana, King & Gamble 128

mucronata, Biume 135

nertifolia, A. DC. 126

oblongifolia, King & Gamble 141

obovata, Blume 136

odontophylla, Wall. 152

var. Lobbii, Clarke

152

var. Maingayi,

Clarke 151

ophirensis, Mez 127

oxyphylla, Wall. 137, 139

pachysandra, Mez 121

pavonina, Hb., Ham. 152

pendula, Mez 140

perakensis, King & Gamble 156

pergamacea, Blume 109

plagioneura, Scheff. 135

platyclada, King d& Gamble 132

polycarpa, Wall. 130

polycephala, Wall. 137

polycephala, Wight 136

polyneura, Miq. 130

polysticta, Miq. 149

porosa, Clarke 132

pterocaulis, Miq. 132

pumila, Blume 116

punctata, Jack 133

punctulosa, D. Dietr. 134

purpurea, Reinw. 135

pyramidalis, Roth 130

reclinata, Blume 141

rhyncophylla, Clarke 143

Ridleyi, King d Gamble 140

rosea, King & Gamble 150

Rothii, A. DC. 130

sanguinolenta, Blume 131

Scortechinii, King & Gamble 140

sinuata, King & Gamble 129

solanacea, Roxb. 137

solanacea, Wall. 136

solanoides, King d& Gamble 123

speciosa, Blume 135

spicata, ? Wall. 116

sumatrana, Miq. 134

tahanica, King é& Gamble 143

tavoyana, A. DC. 144

881

Ardisia tenuiflora, Blume 105

tetrasepala, King d Gamble 142

Teysmanniana, Scheff. 122

thesfolia, King d& Gamble 152

tuberculata, Wall. 126

var. ophirensis,

Clarke 127

umbellata, Roxb. 136

vestita, Wall. 144

villosa, Roxb. 143

var. glabrata, Kurz 144

virens, Kurz 144

Wrayi, King d: Gamble 145

Zollingeri, DC. 131

ArGyretIA Lour. 320

| alulata, Miq. 308

barbigera, Choisy 322

capitata, Choisy 322

Championi, Benth. 320

obtecta, Clarke 320

obtusifolia, Louw. 320

rubicunda, Choisy 327

spherocephala, Prain 323

| ARTANEMA Don 358

angustifolium, Benth. 358

sesamoides, Benth. 358

Linn. 46

dubia, Wall. 47

grata, Wall. 47

indica, Willd. 47

lavandulefolia, DC. 47

leptostachya, DC. 47

minima, Linn. 46

myriantha, Wall. 47

paniculata, Roxb. 47

sternutatoria, Koxh. 46

vulgaris, Linn. 47

ASCLEPIADACE® 505

Ascuepias Linn. 530

acuminata, Roxb. 539

curassavica, Linn. 530

dichotoma, Rottl. 553

gigantea, Willd. 529

lactifera, Linn. 539

parasitica, Roxb. 572

pseudo-Sarsa, Roxb. 512

pulchella, Roxb. 532

Sassuela, Roxb. 565

tenuissima, Roxb. 553

tingens, Roxb. 541

volubilis, Linn. f. 548

Asteracantha auriculata, Nees 647

longifolia, Nees 647

Asystasta Blume 667

Blumei, Nees 668

chelonoides, Nees 668

coromandeliana, Nees 667

gangetica, Lindau 667

intrusa, Blume 668

ATHERANDRA Dene 515

acutifolia, Dene 515

ARTEMISIA

cuspidata, Blume 515

pubescens, Blume 515

882

AVICcENNIA Linn. 867

alba, Blume 868

intermedia, Griff. 869

officinalis, Kurz 869

officinalis, Linn. 867

var. alba, Clarke 869

resinifera, Forsk. 869

resinifera, Griff. 869

tomentosa, Br. 868

Azaola Leerti, Teysm. & Binn. 171

Baccharis indica, Lam. 37

nitida, Wall. 33

Beobotrys fragrans, Wall. 97

glabra, DC. 97

indica, Roxb. 99

missionis, Wall. 97

ovata, Wall. 97

ramentacea, Roxb. 97

Baissea malaccensis, Hook. f. 491

Ballota disticha, Linn. 715

mauritiana, Pers. 715

suaveolens, Linn. 715

Barueria Linn. 673

conspicua, Nees 674

Prionitis, Linn. 673

Barringtonia rigida, Clarke 247

Bassta Linn. 176

argentea, Clarke 184

aristulata, King & Gamble 177

Braceana, King & Gamble 184

var. lanceolata, King &

Gamble 185

cuneata, Blume 187

cuprea, King & Gamble 186

Curtisii, King & Gamble 181

erythrophylla, King & Gamble

188

? hypoleuca, Miq. 191

Kingiana, Brace 178

Kunstleri, Brace 178

laurifolia, King & Gamble 182

var. obtusa, King & Gamble 182

var. parvifolia, King &

Gamble 182

longistyla, King & Gamble 185

malaccensis, King & Gamble 180

Motleyana, Clarke 187

yar. Scortechinii, King &

Gamble 187

penangiana, King & Gamble 188

penicillata, King & Gamble 179

perakensis, King & Gamble 183

rupicola, King & Gamble 183

Batatas acetosefolia, Choisy 316

edulis, Choisy 313, 314

littoralis, Choisy 316

paniculata, Choisy 313

zanthorhiza, Boj. 304

Beleropone? fulgida, Hassk. 680

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Benjaminea glabra, Benj. 351

Beurreria glabra, D. Don 280

Bidaria tingens, Roxb. 541

BipEns Linn. 44

bipinnata, Wall. 45

chinensis, Willd. 45

decomposita, Wall. 45

fervida, Lamk. 43

jiza, Lamk. 43

leucantha, Willd. 45

pilosa, Linn. 45

var. bipinnata, Hook. f. 45

var. decomposita, Hook f.

var. pilosa, Hook. f. 45

tripartita, Wall. 45

Wallichit, DC. 45

BIGNONIACE 375

Bignonia amena, Wall. 381

Azadirachta, Koen. 385

jimbriata, Wall. 379

indica, Linn. 377

var. 3 383

longifolia, Willd. 383

longissima, Lour. 378

multijuga, Wall. 383

Pajanelia, Ham. 383

pentandra, Lour. 377

Porteriana, Wall. 380

spathacea, Linn. f. 378

suberosa, Roxb. 385

Bladhia crispa, Thunb. 149

Blairia nodiflora, Gaertn. 798

Buiumea DC. 32

balsamifera, DC. 33

var. angustifolia,

King & Gamble 33

chinensis, DC. 32

var. riparia, King d&

Gamble 33

fasciculata, DC. 34

fistulosa, Kurz 34

flava, DC. 36

glomerata, DC. 33

gracilis, DC. 34

holosericea, DC. 34

hymenophylla, DC. 36

lacera, DC. 35

leptoclada, DC. 34

longispina, Zoll. & Mor. 33

membranacea, DC. 35

Musra, DC. 35

myriocephala, DC. 872

parvifolia, DC. 35

phyllostachya, DC. 35

purpurea, DC. 34

racemosa, DC. 34

riparia, DC. 33

spinellosa, DC. 34

trichophora, DC. 35

villosa, Schultz & Bip. 35

Wightiana, DC. 34

Bobua cerasifolia, Miers 246

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Baa Commers. 775

acutifolia, Ridley 778

cierulescens, Ridley 777

divaricata, Ridley 778 .

elegans, Ridley 777

ferruginea, Ridley 780

glabra, Ridley 779

anata, Ridley 777

paniculata, Ridley 776

parviflora, Ridley 778

patens, Ridley 779

suffruticosa, Ridley 778

verticillata, Ridley 776

Barca Clarke 780

brachyandra, Ridley 781

filiformis, Clarke 781

Bonamia Thouars 298

semidigyna, Hallier f. 299

Bonnaya Link & Otto 359

brachiata, Link & Otto 360

brachiata, Griff. 361

ciliata, Spreng. 361

cordifolia, Vahl 358

cyanea, Griff. 361

marginata, Spreng. 361

procumbens, Benth. 361

pusilla, Benth. 361

reptans, Spreng. 360

rigida, Benth. 361

Rothii, Dietr. 361

Roxburghii, Dietr. 361

ruellioides, Spreng. 361

serrata, Griff. 360

Vahlii, G. Don 357

verbenefolia, Benth. 361

veronicefolia, Spreng. 361

var. typica, Prain 361

var. verbenefolia,

Hook. f. 361

veronicefolia, Wall. 361

BoraGinEz& 277

Bracea paniculata, King 160

Brachynema ferruginea, Griff. 861

Bramia indica, Lamk. 351

Breweria cordata, Blume 299

madagascuriensis, Choisy 299

Roxburghii, Choisy 299

Buchnera asiatica, Linn. 363

coccinea, Benth. 363

phenicea, Benth. 363

Buppue1a Linn. 600

acuminatissima, Blume 601

asiatica, Lour. 600

discolor, Roth. 601

madagascariensis, Lamk. 601

Neemda, Ham. 601

salicina, Lamk. 601

serratula, Roth 601

subserrata, Don 601

virgata, Blanco 691

Buglossum litorewm, Rumph. 51

Bysteropogon graveolens, Bl. 705

suaveolens, lh’ Hérit. 705

883

Cacalia bicolor, Roxb. 40, 871

cylindrifolia, Wall. 40

Finlaysoniana, Wall. 40

reclinata, Wall. 40

sonchiflora, Linn. 39

Cesulia axillaris, Roxb. 872

CaLAmintHA Moench. 711

gracilis, Benth. 711

CauLicaRPa Linn. 802

acuminatissima, Teysm. & Binn.

801

adenanthera, Br. 806

americana, Lour. 806

angusta, Schauer 805

angustifolia, King & Gamble 804

arborea, Roxb. 803

var. villosa, Roxb. 803

attenuata, Wall. 808

bicolor, Juss. 807

cana, Linn. 806

cana, Wall. 807, 808

Cumingiana, Schauer 801

cuspidata, Roxb. 807

dentata, Herb. Roxb. 807

dentata, Roth. 807

dentata, Wall. 808

Heynei, Roth. 807

lanata, Schauer 807

longifolia, Lamk. 807

Maingayi, King & Gamble 804

nudiflora, Hook. & Arn. 806

pedunculata, Br. 807

pentandra, Roxb. 801

Reevesii, Wall. 805

Roxburghiana, Roem. & Sch.

808

sumatrana, Miq. 807

tectonefolia, Wall. 803

tiliefolia, Teysm. & Binn. 807

tomentosa, Lamk. 806

Calochlamys capitata, Pres] 866

Catonycrion Choisy 319

bona-nox, Boj. 319

noctilucum, Don 319

Roxburghii, G. Don 319

speciosum, Choisy 319

Calosanthes indica, Blume 377

Catotropis Br. 528

gigantea, Br. 529 i

Calpicarpum albiflorum, Teysm. & Binn.

431

Lamarckii, G. Don 429

Roxburghii, G. Don 430

Catystrata R. Br. 299

hederacea, Wall. 299

Keriana, Sweet 300

Cameraria dubia, Sims 466

zeylanica, Retz 426

CAMPANULACE 51

884 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Campanula lancifolia, Roxb. 54

CamPanuMmA Blume 53

celebica, Blume 53

truncata, Endl. 54

Campuleia coccinea, Hook. 363

Canscora Lam. 88

diffusa, R. Br. 89, 872

pentanthera, C. B. Clarke 89

CantHium Lam. 870

Capraria crustacea, Linn. 356

gratissima, Roxb. 347

Capsicum Linn. 335

angustifolium, Dun. 338

annuum, Linn. 336

var. abbreviata, Fingerh. 337

acuminata, Fingerh. 337

cerasiformis, Mill. 337

grossa, Sendt. 337

nigra, Prain 337

typica, Prain 336

annuum, Roxb. 337

baccatum, Linn. 338

cerasiforme, Roxb. 337

fastigiatum, Bl. 338

frutescens, Dun. 337

frutescens, Linn. 337

frutescens, var.baccata, Irish 338

var. typica, Prain 338

frutescens, Roxb. 337

frutescens, Wall. 338

grossum, Linn. 337

var. cerasiformis, Clarke

337

longum, DC. 337 ;

minimum, Roxb. 338

purpureum, Roxb. 337

Caranga amara, Vahl 359

CARDANTHERA Ham. 642, 728

triflora, Ham. 642, 728

Carissa Carandas, Linn. 390

CenTIpepA Lour. 46

minuta, Benth. 46

orbicularis, Lour. 46

CENTRANTHERA R. Br. 363

humifusa, Wall. 364

Centratherum chinense, Less. 27

Centrostemma Lindleyanum, Dene. 562

multiflorum, Dene. 562

Ceratophorus Leerii, Miq. 873

CrerberA Linn. 427

fruticosa, Ker 430

lactaria, Ham. 427

laurifolia, Lodd. 427

Manghas, Linn. 427

Odollam, Gaertn. 427

oppositifolia, Lam. 429

parviflora, Wall. 429

platysperma, Gaertn. 429

salutaris, Lour. 51, 429

Cercocoma singaporiana, Wall. 471

Wallichii, Miq. 485

Creropeera Linn. 596

| Ceropegia Decaisneana, Mig. 553

lucida, Wall. 597

Chasalia expansa, Miq. 19

var. montana, Miq. 14

montana, Miq. 14

perforata, Miq. 13

Chavannesia lucida, G. Don 476

CuHErLoTHECA Hook. f. 81

malayana, Scort. 81

Cuitocarpus Blume 399

atroviridis, Blume 400

Cantleyi, King & Gamble 403

costatus, Mig. 406

cuspidatus, Benth. 412

decipiens, Hook. f. 402

embelioides, King & Gamble

401

enervis, Hook. f. 402

flavescens, Kew Gard. Rep.

398

Maingayi, Dyer 406

malabaricus, Bedd. 401

minutifiorus, King & Gamble

405

nigrescens, Kingé Gamble 404

suaveolens, Blume 399

Chionanthus insignis, Miq. 268

macrocarpa, Blume 268

montanus, Kurz 268

palembanicus, Mig. 267

Currita Buch.-Ham. 764

caliginosa, Clarke 765

elata, Ridley 765

Glasgovii, Ridley 766

mollissima, Ridley 787

rupestris, Ridley 766

sericea, Ridley 766

var. Scortechinii, Ridley 766

viola, Ridley 765

Chironia lanosanthera, Nav.& Fernand. 306

Chondrilla runcinata, Wall. 48

CuonemorPHa G. Don 483

2 antidysenterica, G. Don

446

2 cristata, G. Don 496

macrophylla, G. Don 483

mollis, Miq. 484

CHRISTISONIA Gardn. 365

Scortechinii, Prain 366

Chrysocoma purpurea, Forst. 27

violacea, Schum. 27

CHRYSOPHYLLUM Linn. 158

acuminatum, Roxb. 159

Curtisii, King & Gamble

159

jfiurmum, Miq. 165

javanicum, Steud. 159

lanceolatum, A. DC. 159

2 molle, Wall. 168

Roxburghii, G. Don 158

CrecHorniA Wight 490

borneensis, Kingé Gamble 492

ate 2a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cleghornia gracilis, King & Gamble 491

malaccensis, King & Gamble

491

CLERODENDRON Linn. 825

acuminatum, Wall. 829

calamitosum, Linn. 827

Colebrookianum, Walp.837

var. Forbesii, King &

Gamble 838

cordatum, Don 836

Curtisit, H. H. W. Pearson

833

deflexum, Wall. 828

disparifolium, Blume 829

divaricatum, Jack 835

farinosum, Wall. 835

fragrans, R. Br. 826

glandulosum, Colebr, 838

Griffithianum, Clarke 830

herbaceum, Wall. 834

inerme, Benth. 827

var. neriifolia,

Kurz 827

inerme, Gaertn. 828

infortunatum, Linn. 835

Jackianum, Wall. 829

javanicum, Walp. 835

lankawiense, King &

Gamble 830

Lobbii, Clarke 841

macrophyllum, Sims. 834

myrmecophilum, Ridley

832

neriifolium, Wall. 827

nutans, Jack 830

ornatum, Wall. 834

paniculatum, Linn. 838

pendulifiorum, Wall. 830

pyramidale, Andi. 839

Ridleyi, King & Gamble

840

serratum, Spreng. 834

var. Wallichii,

Clarke 834

Siphonanthus, Br. 839

splendidum, Wall. 839

squamatum, Vahl 827

ternifolium, Don 834

Thomsone, Balf. f. 827

trichotomum, Wall. 837

umbratile, King @ Gamble

831

velutinum, Wall. 837

verticillatum, Don 840

villosum, Blume 836

viscosum, Vent. 836

Climacandra littoralis, Kurz 136

multiflora, Miq. 136

obovata, Miq. 136

salicifolia, Miq. 136

Curnacantuts Nees 680

Burmanni, Nees 680

885

| Clinacanthus nutans, Lindau 680

Codonopsis albiflora, Griff. 54

celebica, Miq. 54

leucocarpa, Miq. 54

truncata, Wall. 54

Coffea tabaccifolia, Wall. 14

Coupenra Linn. 284

procumbens, Linn. 284

Couevs Lour. 706

atropurpureus, Benth. 706

Collyris major, Vahl 583, 585

minor, Vahl 587

| Columnea longifolia, Linn. 358

minuta, Roxb. 357

tomentosa, Roxb. 343

COMPOSIT 22

Conchophyllum imbricatum, Bl. 582, 584

Conera Roxb. 864

azurea, Wall. 864, 866

barbata, Wall. 863

Forbesii, King & Gamble 866

Juckiana, Wall. 862, 864

pentandra, Wall. 864

tomentosa, Roxb. 866

vestita, Griff. 865

| CONVOLVULACE 284

| Convolvuloides palmata, Moench. 311

| Convolvulus acetosefolius, Vahl 316

| aculeatus, Linn. 319

| Adansonii, Lamk. 317

adpressus, Wall. 325

anceps, Linn. 308

angularis, Burm. 303

arenarius, Vahl 316

asclepiadeus, Wall. 302

barbiger, Wall. 322

| Batatas, Linn. 314

Benthami, Wall. 305

bicolor, Vahl 300

bilobatus, Roxb. 316

binectariferus, Wall. 309

blandus, Roxb. 306

Blumei, Dietr. 304

bona-nox, Spreng. 320

bracteatus, Vahl 300

bryoniefolius, Salisb. 311

cespitosus, Roxb. 305

carnosus, Spreng. 316

cephalanthus, Wall. 309

cymosus, Lamk. 306

dentatus, Vahl 305

denticulatus, Lamk. 315

denticulatus, Spreng. 304

edulis, Thunb. 314

emarginatus, Vahl 301

esculentus, Salisb 314

flavus, Willd. 305

grandiflorus, Linn. f. 320

hastatus, Desy. 304 -

incrassatus, Wall. 317

indicus, Moris. 314

insignis, Spreng. 313

886 Flora of the Malayan Pemnsula.

Convolvulus involucratus, Ker 300

latijlorus, Desv. 320

littoralis, Linn. 316

marginatus, Lamk. 317

maritimus, Lamk. 315

martinicensis, Jacq. 301

maximus, Vahl 317

medius, Roxb. 304

obtectus, Wall. 320

paniculatus, Linn. 313

parviflorus, Vahl 302

peltatus, Linn. 306

penangianus, Wall. 325

pentagonus, Roxb. 306

Pes-Capre, Linn. 315

Pes-Tigridis, Spr. 311

pheniceus, Spreng. 318

pinnatus, Desv. 319

platensis, Spreng. 313

polyanthus, Wall. 317-

Quamoclit, Desv. 319

repens, Vahl 316

reptans, Linn. 316

Rheedii, Wall. 301

roseus, Kunth 313

Rothii, Spreng. 306

rubicundus, Wall. 327

semidigynus, Roxb. 309

sepiarius, Wall. 317

stoloniferus, Cyril. 316

strictus, Vahl 305, 317

strigosus, Wall. 322

tridentatus, Linn. 304

triqueter, Vahl 308

Turpethum, Linn. 308

umbellatus, Wall. 307

uniflorus, Lamk. 301

valerianoides, Blanco 298

Wallichianus, Spr. 300

Conyza abbreviata, Wall. 27

acuminata, Wall. 26

appendiculata, Blume 33

arborea, Wall. 26

balsamifera, Linn. 33

bellidifolia, Wall. 27

bifoliata, Wall. 35

chinensis, Lamk. 26

chinensis, Linn. 33

cinerascens, Wall. 27

cinerea, Linn. 27

corymbosa, Roxb. 37

diffusa, Roxb. 35

elegantula, Wall. 27

fasciculata, Wall. 36

Jistulosa, Roxb. 34

glomerata, Wall. 34

gracilis, Wall. 34

heterophylla, Lam. 27

holosericea, Wall. 34

hymenophylla, Wall. 36

incana, Wall. 27

indica, Miq. 37

Conyza lacera, Roxb. 35

lactucefolia, Wall. 35

lactucifolia, DC. 35

linifolia, Wall. 27

membranacea, Wall. 36

Musra, Ham. 35

ovata, Wall. 27

paniculata, Wall. 35

prolifera, Lam. 27

punctulata, Wall. 26

purpurea, Wall. 34

racemosa, Wall. 34

riparia, Blume 33

sericea, Wall. 34

serici-vestita, Wall. 33

subsimplex, Wall. 27

thyrsiflora, Ham. 35

vestita, Wall. 33

villosa, Ham. 35

virens, Wall. 36

volubilis, Wall. 31

Wightiana, Wall. 35

Corp1a 278

africana, Lamk. 279

campanulata, Roxb. 279

Griffithii, Clarke 280

hexandra, Roem. & Sch. 279

indica, Lamk. 279

Myxa, Linn. 279

officinalis, Lamk. 279

orientalis, R. Br. 279

paniculata, Roth. 279

Rumphii, Blume 279

Sesbestena, Forsk. 279

subcordata, Lamk. 278

Cordyloblaste Henschelii, Moritzi 249

Cotula bicolor, Roth 31

conica, Wall. 48

latifolia, Pers. 31

minima, Willd. 46

sinapifolia, Roxb. 31

sternutatoria, Wall. 46

| CRAWFURDIA Wall. 90

Blumei, G. Don 90

trinervis, Hassk. 90

| Crepis Linn. 47

japonica, Benth. 48

lyrata, Clarke 48

| Cryptolepis filiformis, Wall. 515

| Cryptophragmium axillare, Nees 648

| Curanea Juss. 359

amara, Juss. 359

Cuscuta Linn. 286

Hygrophile, H. H.W. Pears. 286

Cyananthus umbrosa, Griff. 787

Cyanopis decurrens, Zoll. 27

pubescens, DC. 26

villosa, DC. 26

Cyclocodon adnatum, Griff. 54, 872

lancifolium, Kurz 54

truncatum, Hook. f. & Th. 54

Cymaria Benth. 726

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Cymaria dichotoma, Benth. 726

CynancHum Linn. 533

acuminatum, Herb. Ham. 539

asthmaticum, Herb. Ham. 596 |

carnosum, Schltr. 875

corymbosum, Wight 534

ovalifolium, Wight 533

reticulatum, Retz 596

tingens, Herb. Buch.-Ham.

546, 875

Cynanthillium pubescens, Blume 26

villosum, Blume 26

Cynoctonum corymbosum, Dene. 535

ovalifolium, Dene. 534

Cyrtanproma Zoll. 788

acuminata, Benth. &

Hook. f. 788

grandis, Ridley 789

megaphylla, Hemsley 788

Cyrtanpra Forst. 789

? acuminata, Wall. 788

bicolor, Jack 793

cupulata, Ridley 793

decurrens, De Vriese 792

dispar, DC. 790

falcata, Ridley 791

frutescens, Wall. 790

lanceolata, Ridley 792

oblongifolia, Hook. f. 791

pendula, Blume 792

pilosa, Blume 791

staminea, Wall. 738

suffruticosa, Ridley 971

Cyrtoceras floribundum, Maund. 562

multiflorum, Benn. 562

reflecum, Benn. 562

Cyrtophyllum fragrans, DC. 611

2 lanceolatum, DC. 608

peregrinum, Reinw. 611

Cyrtosiphonia sumatrana, Miq. 425

Cystacantuus T. And. 666

turgida, Nicholson 666

Datura Linn. 339

alba, Nees 340

fastuosa, Linn. 339

var. alba, Clarke 340

var. typica, Prain 340

Hummatu, Bernh. 340

Metel, Roxb. 340

Dianthera 690

leptostachya, Benth. 691

Dicalyx acuminatus, Bl. 237

javanicus, Bl. 238

odoratissimus, Bl. 233

tinctorius, Bl. 236

Diceros angustifolius, Wall. 359

longifolius, Pers. 358

Dichopsis Clarkeana, Brace 192

887

| Dichopsis Gutta, Benth. 193

Maingayi, Clarke 191

pustulata, Hemsl. 194

rubens, Clarke 195

stellata, Scortechini 198

| DicHRocEPHALA DC. 30

gracilis, DC. 31

latifolia, DC. 30

Schmidii, Wight 46

sonchifolia, DC. 31

Dicliptera ? crenata, Miq. 656

| DipIsSANDRA Clarke 738 .

atrocyanea, Ridley 741

atropurpurea, Ridley 742

filicina, Ridley 744

flammea, Ridley 742

frutescens, Clarke 740

glabrescens, Ridley 744

hirta, Ridley 740

johorica, Ridley 739

latisepala, Ridley 741

quercifolia, Ridley 743

serratifolia, Ridley 740

violacea, Ridley 742

Wrayi, Ridley 743

Dipymocarrus Wall. 744

alba, Ridley 754

var. Major, Ridley 754

albina, Ridley 751

albomarginata, Helmsley

alternans, Ridley 751

ascendens, Ridley 756

atrosanguinea, Ridley 758

bombycina, Ridley 759

cerulea, Ridley 769

citrina, Ridley 748

corchorifolia, R. Br. 747

cordata, Jack 771

erinita, Jack 759

var. Curtisii, Ridley 759

var. elongata, Ridley 760

crocea, Ridley 756

densifolia, Ridley 761

fasciata, Ridley 760

flava, Ridley 749

var. purpurascens,

Ridley 749

flavescens, Ridley 749

flavobrunnea, Ridley 753

frutescens, Jack 740

glabrata, Ridley 751

heterophylla, Ridley 763

hirsuta, Ridley 758

hirta, Ridley 750

hispida, Ridley 750

var. ? selangorensis,

Ridley 750

hispidula, Ridley 750

inequalis, Ridley 753

incana, Benth.& Hook.f. 769

Kompsobea, Clarke 757

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Didymocarpus lacunosa, Hook. f. 762

lilacina, Ridley 764

longipes, Clarke 753

malayana, Hook. f. 752

marginata, Clarke 755°

ophirensis, Ridley 755

parviflora, Ridley 748

pectinata, Clarke 762

perdita, Ridley 763

platypus, Clarke 757 ~

2 producta, Clarke 755

pulchella, Ridley 756

pumila, Ridley 763

puncticulata, Ridley 763

purpurea, Ridley 748

pyroliflora, Ridley 773

quinquevulnera, Ridley 758

ramosa, Ridley 749

regularis, Ridley 774

reptans, Jack 754

var. monticola,

Ridley 755

var. violascens,

Ridley 755

rugosa, Ridley 756

salicina, Ridley 761

semitorta, Clarke 768

serrata, Ridley 761

serratifolia, Ridley 761

sulphurea, Ridley 747

var. breviflora,

Ridley 748

venusta, Ridley 762

violacea, Ridley 762

viscida, Ridley 750

Dilivaria scandens, Nees 660

volubilis, Nees 660

Driospyros Linn. 207

amena, Wall. 214

apiculata, Hiern 213

areolata, King &@ Gamble 228

argentea, Griff. 221

bilocularis, Oliver 215

brachiata, King & Gamble 224

buaifolia, Hiern 210

caliginosa, Ridley 230 -

clavigera, Clarke 215

Curtisii, King & Gamble 229

decipiens, Clarke 212

discolor, Wall. 221

dumosa, King G Gamble 211

ellipsoidea, King &@ Gamble 220 |

flavicans, Hiern 212

frutescens, Hassk. 223

glomerulata, King & Gamble |

229 |

graciliflora, Hiern 211

Helferi, Clarke 218

hirsuta, Linn. f. 217

var. lucida, Hiern 217

Horsfieldii, Hiern 222

Kunstleri, King & Gamble 226

Diospyros lanceefolia, Roxb. 214, 217

lucida, Wall. 217

macrophylla, Wall. 215, 221

microphylla, Bedd. 210

multiflora, Wall. 214

nutans, King & Gamble 226

oblonga, Wall. 217

oleifolia, Wall. 224

pachyphylla, Clarke 214

paniculata, Dalz. 225

pauciflora, King & Gamble 219

penangiana, King & Gamble 227

reflexa, King d& Gamble 227

rigida, Hiern 222

rufa, King &@ Gamble 228

Scortechinii, King & Gamble 212

styraciformis, King & Gamble

216

subrhomboidea, King & Gamble

209

toposioides, King d& Gamble 223

tristis, King & Gamble 219, 230

undulata, Wall. 215, 221

vaccinioides, Wall. 210

venosa, Wall. 204

Wallichii, King & Gamble 220

Wrayi, King & Gamble 209

DipuantHeRA Banks & Solander 383

bancana, Scheffer 383

Dipiycosia Blume 70

erythrina, King & Gamble 72

heterophylla, Blume 71

lancifolia, Ridley 873

latifolia, Blume 71

microphylla, Bece. 62

Dipteracanthus Nees 648

lanceolatus, Nees 649

subdenticulatus, Miq. 649

Discuip1a Br. 580

acutifolia, Maingay 590

albida, Griff. 588

albiflora, Griff. 583

astephana, Scortechini 582

benghalensis, Colebr. 586

Brunoniana, Griff. 589

coccinea, Griff. 584

Collyris, Wall. 583

complex, Griff. 586, 875

cordifolia, King & Gamble 590

cuneifolia, Wall. 587

depressa, Clarke 582

Deschampsii, King & Gamble 593

fasciculata, Dene. 589

Gaudichaudii, Dene. 587

hirsuta, Dene. 589

lanceolata, Dene. 592

monticola, King d& Gamble 591

nummularia, Br. 587

orbicularis, Dene. 587

Rafilesiana, Wall. 585, 875

sagittata, Dene. 591

Scortechinii, King & Gamble 592

—

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Dischidia spatulata, Bl. 587

tubuliflora, King &: Gamble 592

viridescens, Griff. 585

DonicHAaNDRONE Fenzl 377

longissima, K. Sch. 378

Rheedii, Seem. 377

Doxomma rigidum, Miers 247

Dregea volubilis, Benth. 548

Duranta Plumieri, Jacq. 895

Dyera Hook. f. 442

costulata, Hook. f. 443

laxiflora, Hook. f. 444

Lowii, Hook. f. 444

Dysopnyiia Blume 710

auricularia, Bl. 710

Benthamiana, Hance 877

ramosissima, Benth. 877

verticillata, Benth. 876

EBENACE % 202

Ebermaiera angustifolia, T. And. 637

argentea, Nees 636

axillaris, Nees 636

debilis, T. And. 639

elongata, Miq. 639, 640

elongata, Nees 639

lanceolata, C. B. Clarke 636

lanceolata, Hassk. 636

lasiobotrys, Nees 640

longifolia, Nees 638

longifolia, Ridley 636

merguensis, T. And. 641

racemosa, Miq. 641

setigera, Nees 635

Staurogyne, Nees 637

var. angustifolia,

Nees 637

Staurogyne, T. And. 636

subcapitata, C. B. Clarke 635

subpaniculata, Hassk. 639

trichocephala, Miq. 635

Ticpouium Kurz 694

Linneanum, Kurz 694

EcpysANTHERA Hook. & Arn. 481

barbata, Miq. 479

brachiata, A. DC. 482

glandulifera, A. DC. 479

Grifithii, Wight 479

micrantha, A. DC. 482

multiflora, King & Gamble

482

Ecureta Linn. 41

alba, Hassk. 42

erecta, Linn. 41

marginata, Boiss. 42

parviflora, Wall. 42

prostrata, Linn. & Wall. 42

scabriuscula, Wall. 347

undulata, Wall. 42

| Echaltium piscidium, Wight 411

| Echites acuminata, Roxb. 496

affinis, Roem. & Sch. 495

antidysenterica, Roxb. 446

apoxys, Voigt 496

2 brachiata, Wall. 482

calycina, Wall. 497

caryophyllata, Roxb. 497

caudata, Burm. 469

2 cristata, Roth 496

elliptica, Wall. 485

Jrutescens, Wall. 494

? glandulifera, Wall. 479

grandis, Wall. 484

hircosa, Roxb. 450

2lucida, Wall. 476

macrocarpa, Wall. 496

macrophylla, Roxb. 484

marginata, Roxb. 496

2micrantha, Wall. 482

? monilifera, Wall. 479

Pala, Ham. 437

religiosa, Teysm. & Binn. 467

reticulata, Boj. 496

rhyncosperma, Wall. 485

scholaris, Linn. 437

verticalis, Herb. Ham. 485

| Enretia Linn. 283

Grigithiana, T. And. 639, 640 |

buxifolia, Roxb. 873

glabra, Roth. 280

levis, Benth. 283

levis, Roxb. 283

parallela, Clarke 284

philippinensis, DC. 283

timorensis, Dene. 283

| ELEPHANTOPUS Linn. 27

scaber, Linn. 28

| Empetra Burm. 103

amentacea, Clarke 111

889

angulosa, King dé Gamble 110

Burmanni, Retz 105

canescens, Jack 105

coriacea, Stapf 110

coriacea, Wall. 109

dasythyrsa, Mig. 106

Gallatlyi, King & Gamble 114

garciniefolia, Wall. 105

glandulifera, Wight 105

Lampani, Scheff. 110

lucida, Wall. 114

macrocarpa, King & Gamble 114

macrophylla, Blame 109

Myrtillus, Kurz 112

oblongata, Miq. 109

paryiflora, Wall. 113

penangiana, Mez 107

pergamacea, 4. DC. 108

Ribes, Burm. 104

var. penangiana, Oliy. 108

var. rugosa, King &

Gamble 105

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 112

890

Embelia Seortechinii, King & Gamble 107

Tsjeriam-Cottam, d. DC. 112

umbellulata, Wall. 103

villosa, Wall. 111

Emiuta Cass. 38

glabra, Heyne 39

mucronata, Clarke 39

sonchifolia, DC. 38

var. minor, King &

Gamble 39

Emericia Pergularia, Roem. & Sch. 460

Enpopocon Nees 654

Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 654

Enhydra fluctuans, Lowr. 872

EPACRIDE A 82

Epigynium malaccense, Klotzsch 67

Epicynum Wight 499

Curtisii, King d& Gamble 501

Griffthianum, Wight 500

Forbesii, King & Gamble 503

Maingayi, Hook. f. 501

perakense, King & Gamble 500

Ridleyi, King d& Gamble 502

EpitHema Blume 783

saxatile, Blume 784

ERANTHEMUM R. Br. 674

acuminatissimum, Miq. 679

album, Nees 677

Andersoni, Masters 679

aspersum, Hook. 679

Blumei, Hassk. 679

Blumei, Hort. Brit. 679

Blumei, Miq. 679

breviflos, C. B. Clarke 676

caudifolium, C. B. Clarke 676

crenulatum, Nees 676, 677,

678, 679

var. grandiflora,

T. And. 673

diantherum, B1. 679

diversifolium, Mig. 677

elegans, Masters 679

erectum, 7’. And. 678

graciliflorum, Nees 680

hirtipistillum, C. B. Clarke

675, 680

Kingii, C. B. Clarke 679

malaccense, C. B. Clarke

676, 678

palatiferum, Bot. Mag. 678

porphyranthos, C. B. Clarke

675

var. evolutior, C. B.

Clarke 676

selangorense, C. B. Clarke

677

Teijsmanni, T. And. 679

viscidum yar. acuminatissi-

mum, Hassk. 679

Zollingerianum, Nees 677

ERICACEA 68

Erigeron falcatum, Don 36

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Erigeron linifolius, Willd. 872

molle, Don 35

pyrifolius, Benth. 31

Erinus bilabiatus, Roxb. 345

Ervatamia Stapf 447

coronaria, Stapf 450

corymbosa, King & Gamble 448

var. Kelsalli, King

& Gamble 449

var. pubescens, King

dé Gamble 449

Curtisii, King &. Gamble 453

cylindrocarpa, King & Gamble

452 -

hirta, King & Gamble 449

malaccensis, King & Gamble 452

peduncularis, King & Gamble

451

polyneura, King & Gamble 454

EryciBE Roxb. 287

enea, Prain 295

albida, Prain 294

angulata, Prain 291

angustifolia, Hallier f. 294

camptobotrya, Miq. 290

coriacea, Kurz 290

expansa, Wall. 289

ferruginosa, Griff. 290

festiva, Prain 292

glomerata, Bl. 294

var. longifolia, Bl. 295

var. typica, Bl. 294

Griffithii, Clarke 295

leucoxyloides, King 292

macrophylla, Hallier f. 292

magnifica, Prain 289

Maingayi, Clarke 295

malaccensis, Clarke 291

micrantha, Hallier f. 295

paniculata, Choisy B expansa 290

paniculata, Miq. 292

precipua, Prain 294

Princei, Wall. 290

sapotacea, Hallier f. & Prain 293

Stapfiana, Prain 293

strigosa, Prain 288

Erythracanthus elongatus, Nees 639

Grifithianus, Nees 640

obtusus, Wight 640

racemosus, Nees 641

Ethulia integrifolia, Don 31

Eupatorium celebicum, Blume 26

javanicum, Blume 26

menthefolium, Wall. 26

scandens, Linn. 30

Euthodon paniculata, Griff. 463

Evonvuuvs Linn. 297

alsinoides, Linn. 298

angustifolius, Roxb. 298

hederaceus, Barm. 305

hirsutus, Lamk. 298

linifolius, Linn. 298

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Evolvulus sericeus, Wall. 298

tridentatus, Linn. 304

Exacum Linn. 87

chironioides, Griseb. 87

diffusum, Willd. 89

Horsfieldianum, Miq. 87

pedunculare, Arn. 88

pedunculatum, Linn. 87, 873

stylosum, Griseb. 87

sulcatum, C. B. Clarke 87

sulcatum, Roxb. 87

tetragonum var. 6 stylosa, C. B.

Clarke 87, 873

tetragonum, Vidal 87

F |

Facrma Thunb. 603

appendiculata, Blume 609

auricularia, Benth. 605

auriculata, Jack 605

Blumei, Steud. 606

carnosa, Jack 604

celebica, Blume 606

coarctata, Blume 609

coromandeliana, Wt. 606

crassifolia, Blume 606

crenulata, Maing. 610

Curtisii, King & Gamble 605

cuspidata, Blume 609

fragrans, Roxb. 611

globosa, Wall. 606

imperialis, Mig. 605

lanceolata, Blume 607

_anceolata, Wall. 608 |

ligustrina, Blume 609

Maingayi, Clarke 608

malabarica, Blume 606

morindefolia, Blume 609

oblonga, King d& Gamble 612

obovata, Wall. 606

obovato-javana, Blume 606

peregrina, Blume 611

racemosa, Jack 608 |

var. pauciflora, King ¢: |

Gamble 609

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 612

robusta, Blume 609 |

Thwaitesii, F. Muell. 609

tubulosa, Blume 604

vaginata, King & Gamble 610

volubilis, Jack 609

Wallichiana, Benth. 607

Ferreola buxifolia, Roxb. 206_

Finet1a Mig. 669

africana, Lindau 670

bracteosa, C. B. Clarke 670

‘costulata, Mig. 670

paniculata, C. B. Clarke 670

Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 671

Scortechinii, C. B. Clarke 671

891

Fiyuaysonia Wall. 512

obovata, Wall 513

Flemingia grandiflora, Rottler 601

GaERTNERA Lamk. 622

acuminata, Benth. 624

grisea, Hook. f. 625

Junghuhnii, Mig. 624

Kenigii, Wight 625

var. oxyphylla, Clarke

623

obesa, Hook f. 624

var. angustifolia, King

& Gamble 624

oblanceolata, Kingdé Gamble624

Pongati, Retz 58

viminea, Hook. f. 623

GavLTHERIa Linn. 68

fragrans, Don 69

fragrantissima, Wall. 69

Leschenaultii, DC. 69

leucocarpa, Blume 70

ovalifolia, Wall. 69

punctata, Blume 69

Gendarussa Adhatoda, Hassk. 689

Neesiana, Wall. 684

quadrifaria, Nees 684

? sumatrana, Miq. 688

vasculosa, Nees 687

vulgaris, Nees 686

GentantTuus Hook. f. 524

Blumei, King & Gamble 527

Maingayi, Hook. f. 525

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 526

rufo-velutinus, King & Gamble

526

GENTIANACE 86

GESNERACE 730

Gevns14 Blume 800

Beccariana, Briquet 802

Cumingiana, Rolfe 801

farinosa, Blume 800

Havilandii, King d& Gamble 801

Glossanthus (?) grandiflora, Benth. 786

GMELINA Linn. 923

asiatica, Linn. 923

asiatica, Wall. 925

coromandeliana, Burm, 924

Hystrix, Schultes 923

inermis, Blanco 924

lobata, Gaertn. 924

parviflora, Roxb. 924

parvifolia, Roxb. 924

villosa, Roxb. 924

Goldfussia bibracteata, Nees 656

GomPHosTEMMA Wall. 722

erinitum, Wall. 723

var. Griffithii,

Prain 724

892 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Gomphostemma crinitum, var. typica,

Prain 724

Curtisii, Prain 725

Mastersii, Benth. 878

membranifolium, Miq. 722

microcalyx, Prain 723

oblongum, Wall. 725

ovatum, Wall. 878

parviflorum, Benth. 724

parviflorum, Wall. 723

Scortechinii, Prain 724

GoncGronemMA Dene. 541

bracteolatum, King & Gamble |

543

Curtisii, King & Gamble 542 |

Wallichii, Dene. 542

Wrayi, King & Gamble 543

GonayLosperMA King & Gamble 510

Curtisii, King & Gamble

510

GontostemmMa Wight 523

acuminatum, Wight 524

GOODENOVIE# 49

Grangea latifolia, Lam. 31

maderaspatana, Poir. 872

GRAPTOPHYLLUM Nees 694

pictum, Griff. 695

hortense, Nees 695

Gratiola amara, Roxb. 359

TED. Pers. 350

aspera, Roth 356

ciliata, Colsm. 361

cordifolia, Vahl 358

goodeniefolia, Hornem, 343

lucida, Vahl 356

marginata, Colsm. 361

Monnieria, Linn. 361

pusilla, Willd. 357

racemosa, Roth 361

racemosa, Roxb. 361

Roxburghii, Roem. & Sch. 362

verbenefolia, Colsm. 361

veronicefolia, Retz 361

Grenacheria amentacea, Mez 112

Lampani, Mez 111

Wallichiana, Mez 111

Grumilea aurantiaca, Miq. 19

Junghuhniana, Miq. 6

polycarpa, Miq. 10

Gumira fetida, Hassk. 815

GYMNANTHERA Br. 514

insularum, King ¢: Gamble

514

GyMNEMA Br. 538

acuminatum, Wall. 539

aurantiaca, Wall. 596

hirsutum, Wall. 554

laetiferum, Br. 539

var. nitens, Hook.f. 539

Maingayi, Hook. f. 540

malayanum, Griff. 540

nitens, Bl. 540

Gymnena sagittatum, Wall. 546

tingens, Wight 540

yar. cordifolia, Wight

541

| Tallichti, Wight 542, 555

ee Dene. 539

| GymnosTacnyum Nees 660

decurrens, Stapf 661

diversifolium, C.B.Clarke

662

hirtistylum, C. B. Clarke

Knoxiifolium, C.B. Clarke

663

magis-nervatum, C. B.

Clarke 663

?magnum, C. B. Clarke

664

pallens, C..B. Clarke 662

polyneuron, C. B. Clarke

662

Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 662

? Seortechinii, C. B.

Clarke $64

simplicicaule, C.B.Clarke

| Gynopogon lanceolatum, Kurz 426

| stellatum, Kurz 421

Gynura Cass. 39

bicolor, DC. 40

Finlaysoniana, DC. 40

sarmentosa, DC. 39

| Halodendron Thouarsti, Roem. & Sch. 868

| | Haplanthus tener, Nees 666

| Helygia javanica, Blume 457

| Heligme javanica, Blume 457

| Rheedii, Wight 457

Wee acpi indicum, DC. 282

velutinum, DC, 282

eecaoueeetene Linn. 381

| anisophyllum, Beauy. 282

brevifolium, Wall. 282

compactum, Don 282

indicum, Linn. 281

strigosum Willd. 282

| Hemiadelphis polysperma, Nees 644

| Hemrprsmus Br. 511

| indicus, Br. 512

| Wallichii, Miq. 512

HeEMIGRAPHIS Nees 651

alternata, T. And. 653

- confinis, Ridley 652

confinis, 7’. And. 652

| Decaisneana, T. And. 653

hirsuta, 7’. And. 653

platycarpos, C. B. Clarke

653

| Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 652

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Henckelia crinita, Spreng. 759

Ffrutescens, Spreng. 740

reptans, Spreng. 755

Herpestis Gaertn. f. 351

amara, Benth. 359

javanica, Bl. 344

lanuginosa, Bl. 345

Monnieria, H. B. &. K. 351

ovata, Benth. 353

polygonoides, Benth. 352

pulcherrima, Griff. 348

pygmea, Griff. 348, 349, 874

rugosa, Roth 347

spathulata, Bl. 351

HerrrostemMa W. & A. 556

alatum, Wight 558

chrysanthum, 558

fimbriatum, King &

Gamble 558

piperifolium, King &

Gamble 557

var. cordatum, King

_ & Gamble 558

Hewrrtia W. & A. 300

bicolor, Wight 300

cespitosa, Steud. 305

Hippia bicolor, Smith 31

HonarrHena Br. 445

antidysenterica, Wall. 445

Codaga, G. Don. 445

Curtisii, King d& Gamble

446

malaccensis, Wight 446

pubescens, Wall. 446

Holmskiéldia sanguinea, Hetz 795

Hornemannia bicolor, Willd. 343

ovata, Link & Otto 356

prostrata, Jacq. 356

Hottonia sessiliflora, Vahl 359

Hoya Br. 559

Brunoniana, Wight 574

campanulata, Blume 578

.caudata, Hook. f. 568

cinnamomifolia, Hook. 573

coriacea, Blume 573

coriacea, Lindl. 562

coronaria, Blume 566

Curtisii, King & Gamble 563

diversifolia, Blume 570

elliptica, Hook. f. 565

Finlaysonii, Wight 574

Forbesii, King & Gamble 574

grandiflora, Blume 567

Hookeriana, Wight 572

imperialis, Lindl. 564

lacunosa, Blume 569

lasiantha, Korth. 562

latifolia, G. Don 568

macrophylla, Wight 569

~ Maingayi, Hook. f. 571

multiflora, Blume 561

obtusifolia, Wight 563

893

Hoya orbiculata, Wall. 571

ovalifolia, Wall. 577

pallida, Lindl. 572

parasitica, Wall. 572

parviflora, Wight 576

plicata, King d& Gamble 578

polystachya, Blume 569

revoluta, Wight 577

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 575

Scortechinii, King & Gamble 567

splendens, Maingay 565

Teysmanniana, Miq. 564

velutina, Wight 567

viridijlora, Br. 548

Wrayi, King & Gamble 579

Hunteria Roxb. 425

2 atroviridis, Wall. 401

2 coriacea, Wall. 415

corymbosa, Roxb. 426

2 cuspidata, Wall. 412

2lanccolata, Wall. 426

Roxburghiana, Wight 426

zeylanica, Gardn. 426

Hyprouea Linn. 276

javanica, Blume 277

zeylanica, Vahl 277

HYDROPHYLLACE 275

Hyeropuina R. Br. 643

angustifolia, R. Br. 644

hirsuta, Roxb. 646

lancea, Miq. 645

longifolia, Kurz 647

longifolia, Nees 647

meianthos, C. B. Clarke 645

obovata, Griff. 646

obovata, Wight 645

phlomoides, Nees 646

var. Roxburghii, C. B.

Clarke 646

Hygrophila phlomoides, Wall. 646, 875

polysperma, 7’. And. 644

pusilla, Blame 645

quadrivalvis, Nees 645

radicans, Nees 646

salicifolia, Nees 644

var. assurgens,

C. B. Clarke

646

saxatilis, Ridley 645

spinosa, 7. And. 646

stricta, Lindau 648

subsessilis, C. B. Clarke 646

undulata, Blume 646

Hyporsres R. Br. 697

cephalotes, Link 672

Decaisneana, Nees 697

laxiflora, Nees 697

malaccensis, Wight 697

rosea, Dene. 697

salicifolia, O. Kuntze 696

Hypris Jacq. 704

brevipes, Poit. 704

894 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Hyptis capitata, Jacq. 704{

graveolens, 702, 876

suaveolens, Poit. 705, 709

IcHNocarpus Br. 493

afinis, Hook. f. & Th. 495

dasycalyx, Miq. 494

frutescens, dit. 493

latifolius, Herb. Ham. 495

ovatifolius, A. DC. 494

radicans, Wall. 494

Troma Linn. 310

acetosefolia, Roem. & Sch. 316

anceps, Roem. & Sch. 308

angularis, Choisy 303

angustifolia, Clarke 304

aquatica, Forsk. 316

Batatas, Lamk. 313

bicolor, Sweet 300

bifida, Roth 306

biloba, Forsk. 315

Blumei, Steud. 304

bona-noxz, Linn. 320

bracteata, Blume 300

cairica, Sweet 312

caliginosa, Choisy 306

campanulata, Linn. 314

yar. illustris, Clarke

carnosa, R. Br. 316

Catesbei, G. F. W. Mey. 313

coccinea, Clarke 318

congesta, Prain 312

cymosa, Baker 314

cymosa, Roem. & Sch. 306

var. culta, Prain 307

dentata, Willd. 305

denticulata, Choisy 314

denticulata, R. Br. 304

digitata, Linn. 313

eriosperma, Beauy. 313

jilicaulis, Blume 304

gossypifolia, Willd. 313

grandiflora, Lamk. 320

Heynei, Roem. & Sch. 306

Heynei, Wall. 317

illustris, Prain 314

insignis, Andr. 313

lanceolata, G. Don 301

Leari, Pazt. 312

linifolia, Bl. 305

littoralis, Bl. 314

littoralis, Boiss. 316

longifolia, Benth. 316

mammosa, Hallier f. 317

maritima, R. Br. 315

martinicensis, Mez 301

mauritiana, Jacq. 313

nicobarica, Kurz 315

_Ipomea noctiflora, Griff. 320

nympheifolia, Bl. 306

Olanda, Sweet 306

| palmata, Clarke 312

palmata, Forsk. 312

paniculata, Burm. 302

paniculata, R. Br. 312

parviflora, Pers. 302

peltata, Choisy 306

| Pes-Capre, Roth 315

| Pes-Tigridis, Linn. 311

| petaloidea, Choisy 307

| var. andamanica, Prain

307

phenicea, Roxb. 318

platensis, Ker-Gawl. 313

pulchella, Roth 312

Quamoclit, Linn. 310

repens, Roth 316

reptans, Poir. 316

Riedeliana, Oliv. 307

| Rothii, Roem. & Sch. 306

Roxburghti, Steud. 320

Rumphii, Miq. 306

sagittefolia, Burm. 317

sepiaria, Koen. 317

setulosa, Zoll. & Mor. 305

staphylina, Roem. d& Sch. 317

striata, Poir. 305

striata, Roth 317

subdentata, Mig. 314, 316

subtriflora, Zoll. & Mor. 305

tridentata, Roth 304

triloba, Linn. 315

triquetra, Roem. & Sch. 308

tuberosa, G. F. W. Mey. 313

tuberosa, Linn. 309

Turpethum, R. Br. 308

umbellata, Mez 307

uniflora, Roem. & Sch. 301

vitifolia, Sweet 303

Wallichti, Steud. 308

Weinmannii, Roem. & Sch. 300

Isanthera parviflora, Ridley 787

IscHnostEmMA King & Gamble 532

carnosum, Merr. d& Rolfe

875

selangorica, King & Gamble

Isochoriste javanica, Miq. 668

IsonanpRA Wight 165

dasyphylla, Miq. 174

Gutta, Hook. 193

var. oblongifolia, de

Vriese 193

var. sumatrana, Miq. 193

hexandra, Griff. 197

Motleyana, de Vriese 187

obovata, Griff. 190

perakensis, King & Gamble 166

polyandra, Wight 172

rufa, King & Gamble 166

—smrOrrrree eo ee

wae Pe a

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Isonandra xanthochyma, de Vriese 195

Isotoma longiflora, Presl. 53

JacguEmontia Choisy 301

paniculata, Hallier f. 302

Jasminum Linn. 255

adenophyllum, Wall. 261

bifarium, Wall. 260

var. glabra, Clarke 261

bracteatum, Wall. 261

cauliflorum, Scort. 263

Curtisii, King & Gamble 259

decussatum, Wall. 260

fragrans, Salish. 257

Griffithii, Clarke 257

var. cuspidata, King

& Gamble 257

hirsutum, Willd. 126

insigne, Blume 263

Lessertianum, A. DC. 261

longipetalum, King & Gamble

262

Maingayi, Clarke 258

var. kedahensis, King

& Gamble 258

nummularoides, Blume 261

pubescens, Wall. 257

quinqueflorum, Heyne 257

Sambac, Ait. 258

sarawacense, King & Gamble 264

Scortechinii, King & Gamble 264

smilacifolium, Griff. 262

undulatum, Willd. 257

Wrayi, King & Gamble 258

var. axillaris, King &

= Gamble 259

var. hispida, King &

Gamble, 259

Zambac, Roxb. 257

zeylanicum, Burm. 451

Justicia Linn. 680

Adhatoda, Linn. 689

alba, Roxb. 677

alternifolia, C. B. Clarke 686 |

andrographioides, C. B. Clarke 692 |

brunelloides, Lam. 653

conspicua, Dayd.-Jacks. 682 |

conspicua, Wall. 674

diffusa, Prain 689

flaccida, Kurz 688

fulgida, Bl. 680

Gendarussa, Linn. f. 686

henicophylla, C. B. Clarke 685

var. caudata, C. B.

Clarke 685

var. scandens, C. B.

Clarke 685

895

Justicia hirsuta, Vahl 653

laxiflora, Bl. 698

Maingayi, C. B. Clarke 687

Neesiana, 7’. And. 684

nutans, Burm. 690

orbiculata, Wall. 677, 678

otophora, C. B. Clarke 686

paniculata, Burm. 666

parasitica, Lam. 738

patulinervis, C. B. Clarke 683

polysperma, Roxb. 644

procumbens, Linn. 688

ptychostoma, Nees 682, 683, 875

var. angustifolia, C.

B. Clarke 682

var. auriculata, C. B.

Clarke 682

var. parvibracteata,

C. B. Clarke

683

var. rotundifolia, C.

B. Clarke

682

pubiflora, C. B. Clarke 683

quadrifaria, Wall. 684

Roxburghiana, Blume 696

salicifolia, Blume 696

salicifolia, 7. And. 695

Scortechinii, C. B. Clarke 683

selangorensis, C. B. Clarke 684

stricta, Vahl 648

subalternans, C. B. Clarke 685

subeymosa, C. B. Clarke 683

sumatrana, C. B. Clarke 688

uber, C. B. Clarke 688

vasculosa, Wall. 687, 690

Zollingeriana, C. B. Clarke 684

Kentia morindefolia, Steud. 609

Keratephorus Leeriit, Hassk. 171

Wightii, Hassk. 172

Wightti, Maing. 181

Kwoxia Linn. 870

| Kopsta Blume 429

fruticosa, 4. DC. 430

var. albiflora,

Gamble 431

Griffithii, King & Gamble 432

var. paucinervia, King &

Gamble 432

larutensis, King & Gamble 432

macrophylla, Hook. f. 434

pauciflora, Hook. f. 431

Ridleyana, King d& Gamble 433

Scortechinii, Kiny d- Gamble 431

Kuhlia morindefolia, Reinw. 609 =

King &

896 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

LABIATA 699

Lapista Lindl. 115 |

alata, N. K. Brown 116-

longistvla, King & Gamble 117

paucifolia, King & Gamble 117

pothoina, Lindl. 116

pothoina, N. EK. Brown 116

pumila, Benth. dé Hook. f. 115

var. alata, Scheff. 116

var. lanceolata, Scheff. 116

Lactaria salubris, Rumph. 429

Lactuca napifolia, DC. 48

Lagaropyxis gigantea, Miq. 381

glandulosa, Miq. 380

Laceera Schultz-Bip. 36

flava, Benth. 36

Lantana Linn. 795

aculeata, Linn. 796

alba, Schauer 796

Camara, Linn. 797

collina, Dene. 796

dubia, Wall. 796

indica, Roxb. 796

repens, Spreng. 798

salvifolia, Jacq. 796

sarmentosa, Spreng. 798

Lavenia alba, Wall. 29

carnosa, Wall. 29

erecta, Wall. 29

fastigiata, Blume 29

macrophylla, Blume 29

parviflora, Blume 29

rugosa, DC. 29

viscida, DC. 29

Lepa C. B. Clarke 690

andrographioides, C. B. Clarke 692

debilis, C. B. Clarke 691

? densiflora, C. B. Clarke 691

obovata, C. B. Clarke 691

radicans, C. B. Clarke 692

subcordata, C. B. Clarke 691

LENTIBULARIACE 366

Leonoris R. Br. 716

nepetifolia, R. Br. 717

Lronvrvs Linn. 720

indicus, Burm. 720

Marrubiastrum, Burm. 719

sibiricus, Linn. 720

tataricus, Burm. 721

Lrpapantuus Ridley 782

flexuosa, Ridley 782

Leripacatuis Willd. 671

cephalotes, O. Kuntze 672

chlorostachya, Nees 672

hyalina, Nees 672

incurva, D. Don 672

longifolia, Wight 672, 673

macrantha, C. B. Clarke

675

Lrpistemon Blume 309

flavescens, Blume 309

leiocalyx, Stapf 310

Wallichii, Choisy 309

LeprapentA R. Br. 595

appendiculata, Dene. 596

Leptadenia brevipes, Wight 596

imberbis, Wight 596

reticulata, W. G A. 595

| Leptostachya, Nees 691

Leptostemma fasciculatum, Blume 589

hirsutum, Blume 589

lanceolatum, Blume 592

Letrsomia Roxb. 321

adpressa, Miq. 334

capitata, Miq. 322

Championi, Benth. & Hook. f.

320

Curtisii, Prain 325

Kunstleri, Prain 327

Maingayi, Clarke 323

peguensis, Clarke 322

penangiana, Miq. 325

var. reticulata, Prain

325

Ridleyi, Prain 324

var. velutina, Prain

rubicunda, Clarke 326

Scortechinii, Prain 326

spherocephala, Prain 323

strigosa, Roxb. 322, 323

sumatrana, Miq. 317

Levcas R. Br. 717

aspera, Hook. f. 719

bancana, Miq. 719

dimidiata, Benth. 719

involucrata, Benth. 719

lavandulefolia, Smith 719

linifolia, Spr. 720

malayana, Hance 719

martinicensis, B. Br. 718

nutans, Benth. 719

polycephala, Wall. 718

zeylanica, R. Br. 718

Levuconoris Jack 407

cuspidata, Blume 408

elasticus, Becc. 410

eugenifolius, A. DC. 407

Griffithii, Hook. f. 409

Maingayi, Dyer 408

Levucorocon Br. 83

malayanus, Jack 83

var. moluccana, Kurz

Leucothoe (?) Katagherensis, DC. 69

Leucoxylum buxifolium, Blume 210

LimnantHEemum S. P. Gmel. 91

cristatum, Griseb. 873

parvifolium, Griseb. 91

LimnopuHina R. Br. 346 q

balsamea, Benth. 348

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Limnophila campanuloides, Benth. 600

erecta, Benth. 349

gratioloides var. myriophyl-

loides, Benth. 351

eratissima, Bl. 349

Grifithii, Hook. £. 350

heterophylla, Benth. 350

var. reflexa, Hook. f. 350

hirsuta, Benth. 348

javanica, A. DC. 349

laxa, Benth. 348

Menthastrum, Benth. 347

micrantha, Benth. 347

pulcherrima, Hook. f£. 348

punctata, Bl. 350

pygmea, Hook. f. 349

reflexa, Benth. 350

Roxburghii, G. Don 347

sessiliflora, Blume 350, 874

sesstliflora, Griff. 351

villosa, Bl. 348

Lindernia japonica, Thunb. 343

Linocrera Swartz. 266

caudata, King & Gamble 268

insignis, Clarke 268

lancifolia, Ridley 873

macrocarpa, King & Gamble 267

monticola, Blume 269

paludosa, King & Gamble 268

pauciflora, Clarke 266

Lrerra Linn. 797

nodiflora, Wichx. 797

Loseruta Linn. 52

affinis, Wall. 52

Frutescens, Linn. 51

Heyneana, Blume 53

Plumieri, Burm. 51

subcuneata, Mig. 52

succulenta, Blume 53

Taccada, Gaertn. 51

zeylanica, Wall. 53

Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. Muell. 284

Lochnera rosea, Reichb. 390

Lodhra rubiginosa, Miers 248

LOGANIACE® 598

Loxocarrus Br. 768

alata, A. DC. 769

cexrulea, Ridley 769

incana, R. Br. 769

semitorta, Ridley 769

Loxonia ? alata, Wall. 769

Lozotis intermedia, Benth. 783

obliqua, R. Br. 783 ~

Lysionotus longijlora, Bl. 734

Masa Forst. 202

buxifolia, Pers. 206

Clarkeana, King d& Gamble 205

897

| Maba cordata, Hiern 228

Cumingiana, A. DC. 206

Ebenus, Wight 206

guineensis, A. DC. 206

Hierniana, King & Gamble 203

littorea, Br. 206

madagascariensis, A. DC. 205

merguensis, Hiern 204

neilgherrensis, Wight 206

olivacea, King & Gamble 204

perakensis, Ning & Gamble 205

Smithiana, A. DC. 206

venosa, IKing & Gamble 203

Masa Forsk. 94

acuminata, DC. 97

floribunda, Scheff. 96

glabra, DC. 97

impressinervis, King & Gamble 97

indica, Wall. 99

Korthalsiana, Scheff. 96

lanceolata, Don 97

macrothyrsa, Wig. 95

missionis, DC. 97

ovata, A. DC. 97

pahangiana, King d& Gamble 98

ramentacea, Wall. 96

striata, Mez 98

sumatrana, Scheff. 97

Marrubium indicum, Burm. 715

odoratissimum, Burm. 715

Marspenta Br. 544

monostachya, Wall. 546

thyrsiflora, Hook. f. 546

tinctoria, Br. 545, 547

Scortechinii, King &Gamble 546

volubilis, 7’. Cooke 547

Mazvus Lour. 343

bicolor, Benth. 343

rugosus, Lour. 343

vandellioides, Hance 343

Metopinus Forst. 410

citriformis, King @ Gamble 413

coriaceus, Oliver 413

micranthus, Hook. f. 413

monogynus, Roxb. 411

orientalis, Blume 412

perakensis, King & Gamble 414

Meninia turgida, Hook. 666 -

Mentua Linn. 710

arvensis, Thw. 711

yar. javanica, Hook. f.711

auricularia, Blanco 709

auricularia, Linn. 710

Cablin, Blanco, 709

fetida, Burm. 710

javanica, Blwme 710

sativa, Roxb. 711

stellata, Lour. 877

verticillata, Roxb. 877

| Merremra Dennst. 302

cespitosa, Hallier f. 304

898 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Merremia convolvulacea, Dennst. 305

crispatula, Prain 307

var. andamanica,

Prain 307

hastata, Hallier f. 303

hederacea, Hallier f. 305

mammosa, Hallier {. 307

nympheifolia, Hallier £. 305

Riedeliana, Hallier f. 307

tridentata, Hallier f. 304

umbellata, Hallier f. 306

var. occidentalis,

Hallier f. 307

vitifolia, Hallier f. 303

platypeltis, Prain 307

Michelia spinosa, Amman. 824

MicrEecuires Miq. 503

elliptica, Hook. f. 505

* var. Scortechinii, King &

Gamble 503

polyantha, Miq. 504

Microetossa DC. 31

volubilis,@DC. 31

Microrpuium C. B. Clarke 88

pubescens, C. B. Clarke 88

Mixania Willd. 30

chenopodifolia, 30

scandens, Willd. 30

volubilis, Willd. 30

Miuuineronia Linn. f. 384

hortensis, Linn. f. 384

Mimulus hirsutus, Bl. 355

javanicus, Bl. 356

Mimusors Linn. 199

andamanensis, King & Gamble

2 attenuata, Wall. 164

Balata, Gaertn. f. 201

Balota, Blume 201

Bojeri, A. DC. 201

Browniana, Benth. 201

dissecta, R. Br. 201

Elengi, Linn. 199

Hookeri, A. DC. 201

Kauki, Linn. 200

obtusifolia, Blume 200

Minyranthes heterophylla, Turez. 41

MirrasacmMe Labill. 599

capillaris, Wall. 599

malaccensis, Wight 600

polymorpha, R. Br. 599

trinervis, Spanoghe 600

Mirreova Linn. 98

inconspicua, Zoll. & Mor. 599

oldenlandioides, Wall. 598

paniculata, Wall. 599

Mogorium Sambac, Lamk. 257

undulatum, Lamk. 257

Monarda zeylanica, Burm. 715

Monopuyiuma R. Br. 884

glabra, Ridley 885

Horsfieldii, R. Br. 885

Monophyllea patens, Ridley 885

MONOTROPEA‘ 81

Moorcroftia penangiana, Choisy 325

Morgania aspera, Spreng. 356

lucida, Spreng. 356

Myriogyne minuta, Less. 46

Myrmecodia echinata, Gaudich. 871

MYRSINACEA) 93

Myrsine Linn. 100

avenis, A. DC. 100

capitellata, Wall. var. avenis,

Clarke 101, 103

Myrtillus, Hook. 113

perakensis, King & Gamble 102

Porteriana, Wall. 101

umbellulata, A. DC. 102

Wrayi, King & Gamble 102

Myxopyrum Blume 272 -

nervosum, Blume 272

Nama zeylanica, Linn. 277

Nexsonia R. Br. 633

brunelloides, O. Kuntze 633

campestris, R. Br. 633

hirsuta, Roem. & Sch. 653

tomentosa, Nees 633

Nemodon sp. 309

Nepeta amboinica, Linn. f. 715

disticha, Blume 715

indica, Linn. 715

malabarica, Linn. 716

Nerium caudatum, Lamk. 469

caudatum, Roxb. 470

divaricatum, Linn. 451

Oleander, Linn. 390

piscidium, Roxb. 421

NEUROPELTIS Wall. 296

bracteata, Griff. 297

intermedia, Griff. 297

ovata, Wall. 297

racemosa, Wall. 297

Nicandra indica, Roem. & Sch. 339

Nicorrana Linn. 340

Tabacum, Linn. 340

Nomapuita Blume 647

corymbosa, Blume 648

minor, C. B. Clarke 648

stricta, Nees 647, 648

Norrista Gardn. 601

major, Solereder 602

malaccensis, Gardn. 602

var. pubescens,

King & Gamble 602

Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis, Linn. 255

Sambac, Linn. 257

undulatum, Linn. 257

Nycteristition lanceolatum, Blume 159

Acs

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 899

Palaquium Herveyi, King & Gamble 197

O hexandrum, King d& Gamble

197

Maingayi, King & Gamble 191

borbonica, Gmel. 428 malaccense, Pierre 193

salubris, Blume 429 microphyllum, King &

Ociuum Linn. 700 | Gamble 196

Basilicum, Linn. 702, 709 oblongifolium, Burck 193

grandiflorum, Blume 704 | obovatum, King d& Gamble

gratissimum, Linn. 702 189

inodorum, Burm. 701 Ottolanderi, Koord. & Val. 191

longiflorum, Ham. 704 | Oxleyanum, Burek 194

monachorum, Linn. 701 Oxleyanum, Pierre 194

sanctum, Linn. 701 var. glabrata,

tenuiflorum, Linn. 701 King & Gamble 194

Ocurosta Juss. 428

Oianthus urceolatus, Benth. 558

OLEACE® 254

Oxea Linn. 269

Ridleyi, King é& Gamble 196

stellatum, King d: Gamble 198

xanthochymum, Pierre 194

ardisioides, King & Gamble 271 | Palmia bicolor, Kind. 300

dentata, Wall. 269 | ParaBpa@a Ridley 769

maritima, Wall. 270 cerulea, Ridley 772

? pauciflora, Wall. 267 campanulata, Ridley 771

platycarpa, King d& Gamble 271 capitata, Ridley 773

OpreRcuuiIna Manso 307 | var. oblongifolia,

peltata, Hallier f. 306 Ridley 773

tuberosa, Meissn. 308 cordata, Ridley 771

Turpethum, Manso 308 var. debilis, Ridley

OrcHabocaRPa Ridley 781 771

lilacina, Ridley 781 var. ophirensis,

Orchipeda feetida, Blume 483 Ridley 771

OROBANCHACE® 364 Curtisii, Ridley 775

Orobanche acaulis, Roxb. 365 ferruginea, Ridley 773

pedunculata, Roxb. 365 laxa, Ridley 774

Oroxyium Vent. 376 obovata, Ridley 775

indicum, Vent. 376 ‘polita, Ridley 774

OrtTHOSIPHON Benth. 703 pyroliflora, Ridley 772

stamineus, Benth. 703 | regularis, Ridley 773

Orthostemon erectum, R. Br. 89 Scortechinii, Ridley 772

Hugeliit, DC. 89 vulpina, Ridley 774

OsMANTHUs Lour. 265 PaRAMERIA Benth. 478

Scortechinii, King & Gamble

265

densiflora, Oliv. 480

glandulifera, Benth. 478

yar. oblonga, | polyneura, Hook. f. 479

King & Gamble 266 | ParapHtomis Prain 721

Otostemma lacunosum, Blume 570 | rugosa, Prain 721

Ovieda mitis, Burm. 840 Parapottsia 463

Oxystelma carnosum, R. Br. 875 Parsonsia Br. 455

acuminata, Wall. 457

barbata, Bl. 479 ‘

P curvisepala, K. Schum. 458

Kunstleri, King &@ Gamble 457

PasaneLia DC. 382 | oblonga, Wall. 457

multijuga, DC. 382 ovata, Wall. 463

Rheedii, Wight 383 pauciflora, Wall. 457

Pataguium Blanco 189 penangiana, King & Gamble

bancanum, Burck 195

Clarkeanum, King & Gamble

191

458

spiralis, Wall. 456

stenocarpa,King & Gamble 458

formosum, Pierre 193

Gutta, Burck 192

var. oblongifolia,

King & Gamble 193

| Payvena A. DC. 167

costata, King 173

Croixiana, Pierre 170

dasyphylla, Pierre 173

900

Payena dasyphylla var. glabrata, King &

Gamble 174

Grifithii, Kurz 197

Havilandi, King & Gamble 169

Leerii, Benth. & Hook. f. 170

longipedunculata, Brace 169

Lowiana, Pierre 173

lucida, 4. DC. 171

yar. nigra, King & Gamble

173

var. Wightii, Clarke 172

lucida, MS. 173.

Maingayi, Clarke 168

malaccensis, Clarke 181

obtusifolia, King & Gamble 175

polyandra, Benth. & Hook. f. 172

selangorica, King d: Gamble 175

sessilis, King & Gamble 174

PEDALINEA 385

Prentanura, Blume 509

Khasiana, Kurz 509

sumatrana, Blume 509

PENTAPHRAGMA Wall. 54

begoniefolium, Wall. 55

Ridleyi, King d Gamble

Scortechinii, King d:

Gamble 55

var. flocculosa,

King & Gamble 56

var. parvifolia,

King & Gamble

PENTAPTERYGIUM Klotzsch 60

Scortechinii, King &

Gamble 60

PENTASACME Wall. 537

caudatum, Wall. 537

Pentsteira racemosa, Griff. 355

Prrcunaria Linn. 548, 875

exilis, Spreng. 554

glabra, Linn. 560

minor, Andr. 549

puberula, Jliq. 549

tinctoria, Spreng. 546

Periploca indica, Willd. 512

Peristeira paniculata, Griff. 356

PrRIstTROPHE Nees 695

acuminata, Nees 696

angustifolia, Nees 695

Blumeana, Hassk. 696

commutata, Nees 695

fera, C. B. Clarke 696

montana, Nees 695

pallida, Nees 696

salicifolia, Blume 695

tinctoria, Nees 695

PERNETTYOPSIS King & Gamble 79

malayana, King &

Gamble 79

subglabra, King &

Gamble 80

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

PERONEMA Jack 857

canescens, Jack 857

heterophyllum, Miq. 858

PrEtTR#ovITEX Oliver 858

bambusetorum, King

Gamble 859

Riedelii, Oliv. 860

Scortechinii, King & Gamble

858

Pharbitis Learii, Hook. 311

PHIALACANTHUS Benth. 668

Griffithii, Benth. 669

major, C. B. Clarke 669

minor, C. B. Clarke 669

Wrayi, C. B. Clarke 668

PHLOGACANTHUS Nees 665

brevis, C. B. Clarke 665

Phlomis nepetefolia, Linn. ALT

linifolia, Roth 720

martinicensis, Sw.

718

rugosa, Benth. 722

zeylanica, Linn. 719

zeylanica, Roxb. 720

Phyla chinensis, Lour. 798

PHYLLANTHERA Blume 508

bifida, Blume 509

perakensis, King & Gamble

508

PHYLLOB@A Benth. 780

speciosa, Ridley 780

Puysatis Linn. 338

angulata, Griff. 339

divaricata, Don 339

Hermann, Dun. 339

indica, Lamk. 339

minima, Linn. 338

var. indica, Clarke 339

var. typica, Prain 338

parviflora, R. Br. 339

peruviana, 339

pseudo-angulata, Bl. 339

Rothiana, Roem. & Sch. 339

villosa, Roth 339

Physostelma ? campanulata, Dene. 579

Wallichti, Wight 579

Phytewna begonifoliwm, Roxb. 55

Pieris D. Don 72

ovalifolia, D. Don 73

| Pimelandra Teysmanniana Hook. f. 123

Wallichii, A. DC. 122

var. Teysmanniana

Clarke 123

Pladera virgata, Roxb. 89

PLANTAGINACEA 727

| Puantago Linn. 727

asiatica, Linn. 728

major, Linn. 727

Precrrantuus L’Hérit, 705

Kunstleri, Prain 706

' Plocostemma lasianthum, Blume 563

PuLucHeEa Cass. 36

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Pluchea foliosa, DC. 37

indica, Less. 37

PLUMBAGINE 84

PuoumBaco Linn. 85

auriculata, Bl. 86

viscosa, Blanco 86

zeylanica, Linn. 86

Plumeria acutifolia, Poir. 390

Pocgostemon Desf. 707

Cablin, Benth. 705, 708, 709

Heyneanus, Benth. 707, 709

Patchouli, Hook. 709

Patchouli, Hook. f. 708

var. suavis,

Hook. f. 709

Patchouly, Pellet. 708, 709

Patchowly, Dalz. &: Gibs. 708

suavis, Ten. 709

verticillatus, Miq. 877

PonytremMa C. B. Clarke 692

erenulatum, C. B. Clarke 693

isophyllum, C. B. Clarke 693

vulgare, C. B. Clarke 693

Pongatium indicum, Lamk. 58

Porana Burm. 296

volubilis, Burm. 296

Portsta Hook. & Arn. 462

cantonensis, Hook. & Arn. 462

Hookeriana, Wight 463

ovata, DC. 463

Linn. 810

acuminata, R. Br. 823

bengalensis, Clarke 822

cordifolia, Roxb. 818

Derryana, King & Gamble 813

divaricata, Wall. 815

flavescens, Ham. 812

var. rubens, Clarke 812

feetida, Reinw. 814

integrifolia, Linn. 813

var. angustior,

Clarke 813

Kunstleri, King & Gamble 821

leucostoma, Miq. 823

littoralis, King &: Gamble 811

lucidula, Kurz 816

opulifolia, Miq. 815

- parasitica, Clarke 816

perakensis, King & Gamble 816

punctulata, Clarke 817

pyramidata, Vall. 822

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 820

sambucina, Wall. 813

serratifolia, Linn. 813

spinosa, Roxb. 813

sterculifolia, King & Gamble 819

tomentosa, Kurz 822

trichostoma, Miq. 816

Wrayi, King & Gamble 819

Prenanthes japonica, Linn. 48

napifolia, Wall. 48

Poosia, Wall. 48

PREMNA

901

| Prenanthes sarmentosa, Wall. 39

striata, Blume 48

Pseuderanthemum Andersoni, Lindau 679

malaccense, Lindau 679

PsycHortria Linn. 1

angulata, Korth, 12

asiatica, Wall. 10

aurantiaca, Wall. 19

Birchiana, King & Gamble

calocarpa, Kwiz 10

condensa, King & Gamble

Curtisii, King & Gamble 18

fulva, Buch-Ham. 16

fulvoidea, King & Gamble —

Griffithii, Hook. f 12

Helferiana, Kurz 13

var. angustifolia,

King & Gamble 14

var. diffusa,

King & Gamble 14

var, glabra,

King & Gamble 14

inequalis, King & Gamble

Jackii, Hook. f. 15

Kunstleri, King & Gamble 6

laxiflora, Blume 48

Maingayi, Hook. f. 5

malayana, Jack 18

microcarpa, Wall. 12

montana, Blume 14

var. brevipetiolata,

King & Gamble 14

monticola, Kurz 226, 17

morindefolia, Wall. 4

multicapitata, King & Gamble

obesa, Wall. 624

obovata, Wall. 6

ovoidea, Wall. 8

oxyphylla, Wall. 624

penangensis, Hook. f. 6

picta, Wall. 10

pilulifera, King & Gamble &

polycarpa, Hook. f. 9

rhinocerotis, Reinw. 18

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 9

sarmentosa, Blume d

var. pachyphylla,

King & Gamble 6

Scortechinii, King & Gamble 7

stipulacea, Wall. 17

suleata, Wall. 15

tortilis, Blame 11

vaginans, DC. 624

viminea, Wall. 623

viridiflora, Reinw. 15

var. undulata,

Kurz 10

902

Psychotria viridissima, Kurz 14

Wrayi, King & Gamble 19

Pterostigma capitatum, Benth. 344

hirsutum, Miq. 346

ovatum, Benth. 344

spicatum, Benth. 345

striatum, Griff. 345

villosum, Benth. 345

villosum, Miq. 346

PycNORHACHIS Benth. 594

Maingayi, Hook. f. 594

Quamoctit Moench 318

pheenicea, Choisy 318

pinnata, Boj. 318

vulgaris, Choisy 319

Quinquelobus glaber, Benj. 351

RaDERMACHERA Zoll. & Mor. 379

amoena, Seem. 381

gigantea, Miq. 381

glandulosa, K. Sch. 380

Lobbii, Miq. 381

stricta, Zoll. 370

Rapanea avenis, Mez 101

Porteriana, Mez 101

umbellulata, Mez 103

Rapinia herbacea, Lour. 58

Rauwouria Linn. 423

densiflora, Benth. 424

perakensis, King é& Gamble 424

serpentina, Benth. 424

sumatrana, Jack 424

Razumovia tranquebarica, Spreng. 364

RHAPHISTEMMA Wall. 531

pulchellum, Wall. 531

RHINACANTHUS Nees 690

communis, Nees 690

Nasuta, Lindau 690

Rhizophora corniculata, Linn. 157

RHODODENDRON Linn. 73

celebicum, DC. 78

dubium,Kingd:Gamble 78

jasminifiorum, Hook. 77 —

javanicum, Benn. 74

var. Teysmanni, King

& Gamble 75

lampongum, Miq. 78

longiflorum Lindl. 77

malayanum, Jack 78

pauciflorum, King &

Gamble 75

perakense, King é Gamble

Scortechinii, King &

Gamble 76

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Rhododendron tubiflorum, DC. 78

Wrayi, King & Gamble

Ruyncop1a Benth. 484

Wallichii, Benth. 485

RuyYNcoaLossum Blume 783

Blumei, DC. 783

obliquum, Blume 783

Rhyncospermum ellipticum, A. DC. 485

Wallichii, A. DC. 485

RuyncorEcum Blume 787

parviflorum, Blume 787

Rhytiglossa ptychosperma, Miq. 682

ptychostoma, Nees 682

Roscoea pentandra, Roxb. 864

tomentosa, Roxb. 866

Rostellularia sarmentosa, Herb. Brit.

. 649

Rusia Linn. 649

acaulis, R. Br. 650

alternata, Burm. 653

angustiflora, Benth. dé Hook. f.

649

angustifolia, Lindau 649

australis, R. Br. 650

Blumeana, Nees 653

collina, Wall. 658

colorata, Nees 651

2 comosa, Wall. 638

confinis, Nees 652

dependens, Roxb. 672

discolor, Nees 653

flagelliformis, Hemsl. 650

Guppyi, Hemsl. 650

intrusa, Forsk. 668

nemorosa, Zoll. 651

obovata, Roxb. 646

2 paniculata, Herb. Rottl. 648

prostrata, Lam. 649

var. dejecta, 650

racemosa, Roxb. 641

Ravacensis, Nees 651, 652

repanda, Linn. 651

repens, Linn. 648

rivinefolia, Wall. 687

salicifolia, Vahl 645

spiciflora, Benth. 650

trichostoma, Nees 650

triflora, Roxb. 642

Runata Nees 697

laxiflora, C. B. Clarke 698

minutiflora, C. B. Clarke 698

Satvia Linn. 712

brachiata, Roxb. 713 —

coccinea, Juss. 712

Gerardiana, Benth. 712

plebeia, R. Br. 713

Samara Myrtillus, Kurz 113

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Samara parviflora, Kurz 114

Ribes, Kurz 105

SAPOTACEA 157

SarconoBus Br. 536

carinatus, Griff. 537

globosus, Wall. 536

SarcosPpERMA Hook. f. 159

paniculatum, Stapf & King

160

Scmyona Linn. 50

Bela-Modagam,Roein. & Sch. 51

chlorantha, De Vriese 51

Kenigii, Vahl 50

Lambertiana, De Vriese 51

lativaga, Hance 51

Leschenaultii, DC. 51

Lobelia, Ham. 51

macrocalyx, De Vriese 51

montana, Lab. 51

Plumieri, Blume 51

sericea, Forst. 51

Taccada, Roxb. 51

velutina, Presl. 51

Schauera graveolens, Hassk. 70d

Scoparta Linn, 362

dulcis, Linn. 362

SCROPHULARIACE® 341

ScUTELLARIA Linn. 713

andamanica, Prain 714

discolor, Colebr. 714

heteropoda, Miq. 714

indica, Blume 714

Sebestena officinalis, Gaertn. 280

SECAMONE Br. 518

canescens, Sm. 676

Finlaysonii, Wight 519

macrophylla,

var. fulva Bl. 528

micrantha, Dene. 519

Selago pusilla, Thunb. 357

Septis repens, Lour. 351

Serratula cinerea, Roxb. 27

Srsamum Linn. 385

indicum, DC. 386

lutewm, Retz. 386

occidentale, Her. & Reg. 386

orientale, Linn. 386

Shuteria bicolor, Choisy 300

SrpERoxyLon Linn. 160

attenuatum, A. DC. 164

Derryanum, King & Gamble

163

ferrugineum, Hook. & Arn.

firmum, Pierre 164

Maingayi, Clarke 162

malaccense, Clarke 161

2 rugosum, Wall. 165

SrecEsBeckrA Linn. 40

brachiata, Roxb. 41

glutinosa, Hook. f. 41

orientalis, Linn. 41

903

| Siegesbeckia orientalis, Roxb. 41

| Siphonanthus angustifolia, Willd. 840

indica, Willd. 840

Skinneria cespitosa, Choisy 305

SOLANACE A 327

Soxuanum Linn. 328

aculeatissimum, Jacq. 335

var. denudatum, Dun. 335

biflorum, Lowr. 331

Blumei, Nees 330

canescens, Bl. 333

cuneatum, Moench 333

decemdentatum, Roxb. 331

decemfidum, Nees 331

ferox, Linn. 331

var. Trongum, Kurz 334

hirsutum, Roxb. 332

indicum, Linn. 333

insanum, Roxb. 334

Jacquinit, Miq. 334

Junghuhnii, Miq. 333

lasiocarpum, Bl. 332

longum, Roxb. 334

mammosum, Linn. 874

Melongena, Linn. 333

Melongena, Wall. 334

mollissimum, Bl. 331

nigrum, Linn. 329

ovigerum, Bl. 334

parasiticum, Bl. 330

pseudo-undatum, Bl. 334

pubescens, Bl. 330

rhinocerotis, Bl. 329

rubrum, Roxb. 329

Rumphii, Dun. 329

sarmentosum, Nees 334

stramonifolium, Dun. 332

stramonifolium, Roxb. 333

subtruncatum, 330

toryvum, Sw. 332

triangulare, Lamk. 329

Trongum, Lamk. 334

uliginosum, Bl. 329

undatum, Lamk. 334

verbascifolium, Linn. 329

violaceum, Jacq. 333

Zollingeri, Dun. 331

Sonchus volubilis, Rumph. 40

Sparganophorus Vaillantii, Gaertn. 872

Spathodea Diepenhorstii, Miq. 378

gigantea, Bl. 381

glandulosa, Bl. 380

indica, Pers. 377

longiflora, Vent. 378

Loureiriana, DC. 378

Rheedii, Wall. 378

SPpH=RaANTHUS Linn. 37

africanus, Linn. 38

africanus, Wall. 38

africanus, Willd. 38

indicus, Willd. 38

microcephalus, DC. 38

904

Spheranthus microcephalus, Willd. 38

Spheromorphea centipeda, DC. 46

SPHENOCLEA Gaertn. 57

Pongatium, A. DC. 58

zeylanica, Gaertn. 57

SPHENODESME Jack 860, 878

acuminata, Wight 864

barbata, Schauer 862

ferruginea, Briquet 861

Jackiana, Schauer 864

microstylis, Clarke 861

pentandra, Jack 863

triflora, Wight 861

Wallichiana, Schauer 864

Spiladocorys angustifolia, Ridley 538

SPILANTHES Linn. 43

Acmella, Murr. 43

calva, DC. 43

oleracea, Jacq. 43

pseudo-Acmella, Linn. 43

Spiranthera peltata, Boj. 306

Turpethum, Boj. 308

Spirostemon spiralis, Griff. 457

Springia indica, Muell. & Van Heurck 495

Stachytarpha indica, Schauer 799

jamaicensis, Schauer 799

mutabilis, Schauer 799

STACHYTARPHETA Vahl 798

indica, Vahl 798

jamaicensis, Vahl 798

mutabilis, Vahl 799

urticifolia, Dalz. & Gibs.

799

STAURANTHERA Benth. 786

grandiflora, Benth. 786

grandifolia, Dietr. 786

umbrosa, Clarke 786

STAUROGYNE Wall. 634

angustifolia Wall. 636

arcuata, C. B. Clarke 640

argentea, Lindau 636

argentea, O. Kuntze 636, 637

argentea, Wall. 636

comosa, O. Kuntze 638

elongata, O. Kuntze 639

Griffithiana, O. Kuntze 640

Kingiana, C. B. Clarke 637

lanceolata, O. Kuntze 636

lasiobotrys, O. Kuntze 639

longifolia, O. Kuntze 637

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

| Stemodia gratioloides, Benth. 349

hirsuta, Heyne 349

Menthastrum, Benth. 347

micrantha, Benth. 348

minuta, G. Don 357

tomentosa, G. Don 343

SrenoruHyrsus C. B. Clarke 650

Ridleyi, C. B. Clarke 651

StTEPHANOTIS Thouars 549

Maingayi, Hook. f. 550

STEREOSPERMUM Cham. 378

fimbriatum, DC. 378

glandulosum, Miq. 380

hypostictum, Clarke 381

Streblosa tortilis, Korth. 12

| Streprocauton Wight & Arn. 516

macrantha, C. B. Clarke 642 |

malaccensis, C. B.Clarke 636 |

merguensis, O. Kuntze 641

pauper, C. B. Clarke 639

racemosa, O. Kuntze 641

serrulata, C. B. Clarke 642

setigera, O. Kuntze 635

subglabra, C. B. Clarke 640

balsamea, Benth. 348

cerulea, Benth. 345

capitata, Benth. 345

diffusa, Benth. 34!)

Stemodia

Griffithii, Hook. f. 517

Wallichii, Wight 516

Strica Lour. 362

coccinea, Benth. 363

hirsuta, Benth. 363

lutea, Low. 363

phenicea, Benth. 363

SrRoBILANTHES Blume 654

acrocephalus, T. And. 659

adnatus, C. B. Clarke 654

Andersoni, Benth. 659

Arnottianus, Nees 658

bibracteatus, Blume 656

bolamputtensis, Bedd. 659

collinus, Nees 658

debilis, Hemsl. 659

divaricatus, T. And. 659

Dyerianus, Masters 657

exsertus, C. B. Clarke 659

Gardnerianus, 7’. And. 659

hirtisepalus, C. B. Clarke

656

Hookeri, Nees 659

ixiocephalus, Benth. 659

japonicus, Miq. 659

lanceolatus, Nees 638

laxus, J’. And. 659

Maingayi, C. B. Clarke

q 655

oliganthus, Wig. 659

pachyphyllus, C. B. Clarke

658

pulneyensis, C. B. Clarke

658

radicans, T. And. 659

rufo-capitatus, C. B.

Clarke 657

rufo-pauper, C. B. Clarke

657

rufo-sepalus, C. B. Clarke

656

rufo-strobilatus, C. B.

. Clarke 657

vestitus, Nees 659

Zenkerianus, 7’. And. 658

STROPHANTHUS DC. 467

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Strophanthus brevicaudatus, Wight 471 |

caudatus, Kurz 470, 874 |

dichotomus, DC. 468

dichotomus, Wall. 470

Grifithii, Wight 469

Horsfieldianus, Miq. 469

Jackianus, Wall. 466

longicaudatus, Wight 469

pentaphyllus, Griff. 469

perakensis, Scortechini 470

scandens, Roem. & Sch.

469 |

singaporianus, Gilg 471

Wallichii, 4. DC. 469

Srrycunos Linn. 613

Curtisii, King d& Gamble 614

flavescens, King & Gamble 617

Gauthierana, Pierre 619

Horsjieldiana, Miq. 622

laurina, Wall. 615, 617

Maingayi, Clarke 614

var. ? fructuosa

Clarke 622

malaccensis, Benth. 618

ovalifolia, Wall. 616 |

pubescens, Clarke 620 |

var. Scortechinii,

King & Gamble 620

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 621

rufa, Clarke 617

septemnervis, Clarke 619 |

Tieuté, Lesch. 621 |

STYLIDIEX 48

Sryzipium Sw. 49

Kunthii, Wall. 49

roseum, Kurz 49

tenellum, Swartz 49

uliginosum, Swartz 49

Styphelia malayica, Spreng. 83

moluccanum, Scheff. 84

STYRACEX 230

Styrax Linn. 251

Benzoin, Dryand. 252

crotonoides, Clarke 253

floribunda, Griff. 252

Porterianus, Wall. 252

serrulatum, Roxb. 251

Sykesia Kenigii, Arn. 624

thyrsiflora, Arn. 624

Symphorema Jackianum, Kurz 864

Symphysicarpus chrysanthus, Hassk. 558

Symphyllium torenioides, Griff. 359 |

Sympnocos Linn. 231 |

acuminata, Miq. 237 |

adenophylla, Wall. 240

attenuata, Wall. 238 |

bancana, Migq. 241

Brandiana, King d Gamble 242 |

calycodactylos, Brand 243

celastrifolia, Griff. 239

cerasifolia, Wall. 245

concolor, Brand 242

905

Symplocos confusa, Brand 248

crassipes, Clarke 245

Curtisii, Oliv. 244

fasciculata, Zoll. 235

ferruginea, Roxb. 238

fulvosa, King & Gamble 233

Havilandi, King d& Gamble

250

Henschelii, Bth. & Hook. f. 249

Horsfieldiana, Miq. 238

iteophylla, Miq. 241

javanica, Kurz 238

lachnobotrya, Miq. 238

Loha, Don 237

Maingayi, Benth. 249

mollis, Wall. 238

monticola, King & Gamble 235

nivea, Brand 234 a

odoratissima, Choisy 233

ophirensis, Clarke 243

penangiana, King d& Gamble

245

King & Gamble

241

perakensis,

polycarpa, Wall. 237

pulverulenta, King & Gamble

234

racemosa, Wall. 237

Ridleyi, King & Gamble 239

rigida, Clarke 246

rubiginosa, Wall. 247

Scortechinii, King & Gamble

250

spicata, Roxb. 236

var. acuminata,

Brand 237

var. attenuata Clarke

237

var. malasica Clarke

237

Verhuellit Jungh. & de Vr. 238

SYNEDRELLA Gaertn. 43

nodiflora, Gaertn. 44

Tabernemontana ceronaria, Willd. 451

corymbosa, Roxb. 449

dichotoma, Roxb. 455

divaricata, Bl. 451

elastica, Spr.

hirta, Hook. f.

malaccensis,

Hb. Heyne

426

peduncularis, Wall. 452

polyantha, Bl. 504

polyneura, Scort. 455

salicifolia, Wall. 426

Tanghinia lactaria, G. Don 427

parviflora,

’

906 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Tanghinia laurifolia, G. Don 427

Odollam, G. Don 427

Txctrona Linn. f. 808

grandis, Linn. f. 809

Trtosma Coville 875

Tetrandra Wallichii, Mig. 281

TETRAPHYLLUM Griff. 867

roseum, Stapf 867

Teysmannia Hookeriana, Miq. 463

laxiflora, Mig. 463

Theyvetia neriifolia, Juss. 390

THUNBERGIA Linn. f. 630

alata, Sw. 632

fragrans, Roxb. 632

var. javanica,

Gaertn. f. 632

grandiflora, Roxb. 631

Harristi, Hook. 631

laurifolia, Lindl. 631

Tiaridium anisophyllum G. Don 282

indicum, Lehm. 282

Tithmannia Colsmannii, Benth. 362

elata, Benth. 357

grandiflora, Benth. 358

hirta, Benth. 356

obovata, Bunge 343

ovata, Benth. 356

ovata, Reichb. 356

pusilla, Benth. 357

sulcata, Wight 357

viscosa, Reichb. 356

Toren Linn. 352

alba, Ham. 356

asiatica, Linn. 354, 874

atropurpurea, Ridley 874

Bailloni, Godef. 354

Benthamiana, Hance 354, 874

celestis, Ridley 874

cerulea, Miq. 353

cardiosepala, Benth. 352

cilata, Sm. 353

diffusa, Roxb. 358

edentula, Benth. 353

flaccida, R. Br. 356

flava, Bot. Mag. 354

flava, Ham. 354

flava, Wall. 353

globosa, Ham. 357

gracilis, Benth. 362

hirta, Cham. & Schlecht 357

lepidota, Roth. 364

lucida, Ham. 356

mucronulata, Benth. 874

peduncularis, Benth. 353

polygonoides, Benth. 352

racemosa, Benth. 353

varians, Griff. 358

varians, Roxb. 356

TouRNEFORTIA Linn. 280

tetraedra, Wall. 281

Wallichii, DC. 280

ToxocarPus Wight & Arn. 519

| Toxocarpus acuminatus, Benth. 524

Blumei, Dene. 527

Curtisii, King d& Gamble 521

Griffithii, Dene. 520

| lankawiensis, King dé Gamble

. 523

penangianus, King & Gamble

522

| Scortechinii, King & Gamble

521

TRACHELOSPERMUM Lemaire 497

Curtisii, King &

Gamble 498

Treisteria assamica, Griff. 359

cordata, Griff. 354

Trichosporum radicans, Nees 736

Tripax Linn. 45

procumbens, Linn. 45

| Tripterospermum trinerve, Blume 90

_ Trisctapra Hook. f. 870

TyzLopHora Br. 550

| carnosa, Wall. 553

exilis, Colebr. 553

globifera, Hook. f. 552

hirsuta, Wight 554

var. penangensis,

Hook. f. 554

Jacquemontii, Dene. 554

longifolia, Wight 551

micrantha, Dene. 519

mollissima, Wall. 554

perakensis, King & Gamble

555

tenuis, Blume 552

tenuissima, Wight 553

villosa, Blume 555

Wallichii, Hook. f. 555

Urcroua Roxb. 472

brachysepala, Hook. f. 474

elastica, Roxb. 472

lucida, Benth. 475

Maingayi, Hook. f. 473

malaccensis, Hook. f. 475

reticulata, King & Gamble 477

| torulosa, Hook. f. 476

Urena lobata, Linn. 709

Urnularia flavescens, Stapf 398

| Urricurarta Linn. 366

aftinis, Wight

var. Griffithii, Oliv. 370

australis, R. Br. 369

bifida, Linn. 370

bifida, Wight 372

biflora, Roxb. 368

biflora, Wall. 370

Blumei, Miq. 369

brevicaulis, Benj. 370

cerulea, Benth. 371

‘

Se ee a

— |

Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Utricularia campestris, Miq. 373

capillacea, Thw. 372

convervifolia, Don 369

diantha, A. DC. 370

diantha, Roem. & Sch. 368

diflora, Roxb. 368

elegans, Wall. 368

exoleta, R. Br. 368

extensa, Hance 369

fasciculata, Roxb. 369

jilicaulis, Wall. 373

fiexuosa, Vahl 368

glochidiata, Wight 374

Grigithii, Wight 371

hirta, 371

inequalis, Benj. 369

involvens, Ridl. 372

macrolepis, Benj. 372

minutissima, Vahl 371

nivea, Wall. 373

ophirensis, Ridl. 373

orbiculata, Wall. 374

pterosperma, Edgew. 368

punctata, Wall. 369

pusilla, Grah. 374

racemosa, Ridl. 373

racemosa, Wall.

var. filicaulis,

Clarke 373

Roxburghii, Spreng. 368

scandens, Benj. 372

setacea, Wall. 373

stellaris, Wall. 369

verticillata, Benj. 371, 372

Wallichiana, Benj. 370

Wallichiana, Wight 371

VACCINIACE® 58

Vaccinium Linn. 60

acuminatissimum, Mig. 66

bancanum, Mig. 64, 66

var. angustifolium,

Scheff. 66

buxifolium, Hook. f. 62

coriaceum, Hook. f. 62

exaristatum, Kurz 65

glabrescens, King & Gamble

Hasseltii, Mig. 66

Kunstleri, King & Gamble 65

malaccense, Wight 67

microphyllum, Blume 62

Scortechinii, King ¢: Gamble

Teysmanni, Mig. 64

viscifolium, King & Gamble

var. minor, King

& Gamble 64

| Vahea gummifera, Poir. 473

VALERIANA Linn. 21

acuminata, Royle 22

elata, Don 22

Hardwickiana, Roem. &

Schult. 21

| VALERIANE

| VALLARIS Burm. 459

Hardwickii, Wall. 21

javanica, Blume 22

tenera, Wal!. 21

controversa, Spreng. 309

lancifolia, Hook. f. 461

laxiflora, Blume 463

Maingayi, Hook. f. 461

ovalis, Miq. 460

Pergulana, Burm. 460

VanpDetiia Linn. 355

alba, Benth. 355

cordifolia, G. Don 358

crustacea, Benth. 355

elata, Benth. 357

hirsuta, Benth. 356

mollis, Benth. 357

monnierioides, Ham. 357

obovata, Walp. 343

pedunculata, Benth. 357

Roxburghii, G. Don 358

scabra, Benth. 357

| VERBENACEA 794

Verbena indica, Linn. 799

jamaicensis, Linn. 799

mutabilis, Jacq. 800

nodiflora, Linn. 798

Verbesina Acmella, Linn. 43

alba, Linn. 42

pseudo-Acmella, Linn. 43

biflora, Linn. 43

nodifiora, Linn. 44

prostrata, Linn. 42

dichotoma, Wall. 43

Schreb. 25

abbreviata, DC. 27

albicans, DC. 236,27

arborea, Buch-Ham. 26

Blumeana, DC. 26

celebica, DC. 26

chinensis, Less. 26

cinerea, Less. 27

conyzoides, DC. 27

cyanonioides, Walp. 27

elzagnifolia, DC. 872

fasciculata, Reinw. 27

javanica, DC. 26

laxifiora, Less. 27

leptophylla, DC. 27

linifolia, Reinw. 27

montana, Edgew. 27

parviflora, Reinw. 27

physalifolia, DC. 27

rhomboidea, Edgew. 27

VERNONIA

Zollingeriana, Schuliz-Bip. 2

908 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.

Vinuarsia Vent. 90 Ww

aurantiaca, Ridley 90

violefolis, 7. Muell. 91

Vincetoxicum carnosum, Benth. 875

VITEX Linn. 841

Agnus-Castus, Kurz 843

arborea, Desf. 844

arborea, Roxb. 848

bicolor, Willd. 844

bombacifolia, Wall. 853

Clarkeana, King & Gamble 845

coriacea, Clarke 846

Cunninghami, Schauer 853

Finlaysoniana, Wall. 855

gamosepala, Griff. 855

var. Kunstleri,

King & Gamble 856

var. Scortechinil,

King & Gamble 856

glabrata, Br. 852

heterophylla, Roxb. 848

heterophylla, Schauer 850

holophylla, Baker 844

inequifolia, Turez. 848

incisa, Wall. 843 Woolastonia biflora, DC. & Wight 43

Lankavana, H. H. W. Pearson scabriuscula, DC. 43

847 WricuTia Br. 463

dubia, Spr. 465

var. membranifolia,

King dé Gamble 466

Waltheria microphylla, Miq. 28

Wattakaka viridijflora, Hassk. 548

WEDELIA Jacq. 42

biflora, DC. 42

scandens, Benth. 42

Wicutia Wall. 342

borneensis, Hook. f. 342

WILLUGHBEIA 391

auriculata, Spreng. 605

Burbidgei, Dyer 391

coriacea, Wall. 393

dulcis, Ridley 396

edulis, Roxb. 392, 396

firma, Blume 394

flavescens, Dyer 397

grandiflora, Dyer 392

martabanica, Wall. 395

oblonga, Dyer 393

obovata, Spreng 606

racemosa, Spreng. 609

rufescens, Dyer 398

tenuiflora, Dyer 396

leucozylon, Schauer 853

longisepala, King & Gamble 853

Loureirii, H: C. Wight 850

Negundo, Linn. 843

ovata, Thunb. 843

pallida, Wall. 853

paniculata, Lamk. 844

per-alata, King 851

pteropoda, Miq. 851

javanica, A. DC. 464

levis, Hook. f. 465

. pubescens, Blume 464

religiosa, Benth. 467

tomentosa, Roem. d Sch. 465

Wulfenia intermedia, Wall. 783

pubescens, Vahl 848

repens, Blanco 843

siamica, Williams 847 Y

simplicifolia, Clarke 845

sumatrana, Miq. 849

var. urceolata,

King & Gamble 849

sympodiophora, P. Brith] 847

trifolia, Linn. 842

urceolata, Clarke 850

vestita, Wall. 854

Volkameria angulata, Lour. 839

farinosa, Roxb. 835

herbacea, Roxb. 834

infortunata, Roxb. 836 Z

neriifolia, Roxb. 827

serrata, Linn. 834

Youngia ambigua, DC. 48

fastigiata, DC. 48

lyrata, Cass. 48

napifolia, DC. & Wight 48

Poosia, DC. 48

runcinata, DC. 48

striata, DC. 48

Thunbergiana, DC. 48

Zapania nodiflora, Lamk. 798

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