CURTIS'S

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE,

COMPRISING THE

Plants of the Ropal Gardens of Lew,

AND

OF OTHER BOTANICAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN GREAT BRITAIN;

WITH SUITABLE DESCRIPTIONS ;

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L. Oxon,

LL.D., F.R.S., and L.S., Vice-President of the Linnzan Society, and Director of the Royal Gardens of Kew.

PAAAARAN RA

VOL. IV.

OF THE THIRD SERIES;

(Or Vol. LXXIV. of the Whole Work.)

RAR DLP PR ARARASAA

*¢ He scarce had said, when the bare earth, till then

Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorned,

Brought forth the tender grass, whose verdure clad

Her universal face with pleasant green ;

Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flowered,

Opening their various colours, and made gay

Her bosom, smelling sweet.’’

PRRAAPRAL ARRAN

LONDON:

REEVE, BENHAM, AND REEVE, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.

1848.

LATIN

GENERAL INDEX,

THE PLANTS CONTAINED IN THE FOUR VOLUMES OF THE

THIRD SERIES,

(Or from Vol. LXXI. to LXXIV- inclusive, of the whole Work, )

OF THE

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.

Fol, No. | Vol.| No.

73 | 4316 | Abelia floribunda. 72 | 4226 | Anona palustris.

74 | 4384) Acacia argyrophy ila. 74 | 4377 | Anopterus glandulosus.

73 | 4306 | —— celastrifolia. 71 | 4200 | Anthocercis ilicifolia.

74, 4350 | —— leptoneura. 71 | 4146 | Aotus gracillima.

74) 4353 oncinophylla. 72 | 4224 | Aphelandra aurantiaca.

71 | #175 | Achimenes argyrostigma. 7&| 4407 |-Aquilegia leptoceras.

74/4312 cupreata. 72 | 4222 | Ariopsis peltata.

71 | 4144 | —— hirsuta. 74 | 4388 | Arisema Murrayi.

73 | 4359 ocellata. 74 | 4361 |*Aristolochia anguicida.

2 | 4210 | Adenocalymna comosum. 72 | 4221 gigantea.

71 | +139 | Aerides odoratum. 74 | 4368 |* grandiflora.

73 | 4293.| chmea discolor. 74 | 4409 | Arnebia echioides.

2 | 4230 | ¥giphila grandiflora. 74 | 4413 Asclepias Douglasii. ¥

72 | 4260 | £schinanthus Lobbianus. 72 | 4248 | Asystasia Coromandeliana.

72 | 4264 | —— pulcher. 71 | 4133 | Backhousia myrtifolia. -

72 | 4236 | ——— purpurascens. 71 | 4136 | Barbacenia squamata.

73 | 4328 | £schynanthus longiflorus. 72 | 4232 | Barnadesia rosea.

73 | 4320 | —— speciosus. 71 | 4172 | Begonia albo-coccinea.

74 | 4411 | Allamanda Aubletii. 73 | 4281 fuchsoides.

_ 74) 4351 Omi eigen As 4308 | Berberis ilicifolia.

74 | 4371 | Alloplectus x 71 | 4166 | Bolbophyllum Careyanum.

72 | 4216 | —— dichrous. 72 | 4267 eanbidixinie:

74 | 4250 | ——— repens. 72 | 4223 | Bouvardia longiflora.

74 | 4400 | Anastatica hierochuntica, 73 | 4339 | Browallia speciosa.

73 | 4341 | Anemone Japonica. 73 | 4287 | Brunfelsia nitida; @? Jamai-

71 | 4159 | Angrecum apiculatum. censis.

74 | 4370 | —— caudatum. 74 | 4392 | Burtonia pulchella.

71 | 4145 | —— distichum. 74 | 4410 villosa,

73 | 4295 | —— % 73 | 4300 | Calceolaria amplexicaulis.

73 | 4313 | Anguloa Clowesii, var. 71 | 4157 | —— alba.

73 | 4291 | Anigozanthos fuliginosa. 71 | 4154 floribunda.

71 | 4180 | —— puicherrimus. 72 | 4238 | Calliandra Harrisii.

.| No.

4188

04.386

4219

4270

4349

4338

4405

4284

4327

4182

4391

4237

4398

4259

4269

4355

4354

4255

4247

4294

4330

4279

4379

4143

4208

4362

4215

4141

4234

4252

4244

4160

4153

4352

4254

4414

4140

4317

4373

4326

4311

4184

4181

4177

4162

4290

4165

4225

4390

4225

4163

INDEX

Fol

Calliandra Tweediei. 72

Cantua pyrifolia. 72

Castasetum callosum ; var. gran- || 73

diflorum. 71

Cattleya Skinneri. 73

Ceropegia Cumingiana. 73

Cheenestes lanceolata. 71

Chirita Moonii. 72

Sinensis. 71

—— Walkerie. 72

Zeylanica. 72

Cirrhopetalum fimbriatum. 72

Thouarsii. 71

*Clematis indivisa; var. lobata. || 74

smilacifolia. 72

tubulosa. 72

Clerodendron capitatum. 73

scandens. 73

sinuatum. 73

Collania Andinamarcana. 71

Columnea aureo-nitens. 71

crassifolia. 72

Cordyline Rumphii. 72

Corynocarpus levigata. 72

Cryptadenia uniflora. 74

Cuphea cordata. 74

silenoides. 71

Cycnoches Loddigesii. 73

Cymbidium ochroleucum. 71

Cypripedium barbatum. 74

Datura cornigera. 74

Daviesia physodes. 71

Dendrobium fimbriatum; var. || 72

oculatum. 71

moniliforme.

—— secundum. 71

Diastema ochroleuca. 71

Dipladenia urophylia. 71

Disemma aurantia. 71

Dryandra carduacea; var. an- || 72

gustifolia. 74

*Echinocactus chlorophthalmns. 73

—— cinnabarinus. 71

—— hexedrophorus 74

—— Leeanus. 74

—— multifiorus 74

—— myriostigma. 72

oxygonus.

—— pectiniferus. 74

—— Williamsii. 73

Epidendrum longicolle. 74

Episcia bicolor. 74

Eranthemum albifiorum. 73

Eria Dillwynii. 73

'| Escallonia Organensis.

Eucalyptus Preissiana.

macrocarpa.

Evolvulus purpuro-ceeruleus.

Exacum tetragonum ; 8. bicolor.

Exogonium Purga.

Exostemma longiflorum,

Fagrea obovata.

Franciscea acuminata.

hydrangeeeformis.

Friesia peduncularis.

Fuchsia macrantha.

serratifolia.

spectabilis.

Fugosia hakezfolia.

heterophylla.

Gardenia longistyla.

—— malleifera.

—— nitida.

—— Stanleyana.

Genista (Teline) Spachiana.

Gesneria bulbosa; var. lateritia.

—— elliptica; var. lutea.

Hondensis.

—— Libanensis.

pardina.

Schiedeana.

—— trifiora.

Gloxinia pallidiflora.

Gmelina Rheedii.

Goldfussia isophylla.

Gompholobium barbigerum.

venustum.

versicolor ; var. caulibus

ureis. *

PA es utriculata.

Habrothamnus corymbosus.

fasciculatus.

Hebecladus bifiorus.

Heinsia jasminiflora.

Hibiscus ferox.

a olius.

Hindsia violacea.

Hoya bella. -

cinnamomifolia.

—- im

perialis.

a ae Japonica; var, ceru-

WSK glabra.

—— leucostoma.

Iambosa Malaccensis.

“Impatiens repens.

Tpomeza muricata.

pulchella.

2 ee ee OO

ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee |

INDEX.

1 No. | |Vol

$206 | [pomeea simplex. 71

4372 | [sopogon attenuatus. 71

4332 sphzerocephalus. 71

4325 | Lxora Griffithii. 74

$399 lanceolaria. 713 |

$191 odorata. vet

$376 | Jatropha podagrica. 73

4220 | | Kopsia fruticosa. | 74

| 4302 | Laelia cinnabarina. | 71

4169 | Leianthus longifolius. at

$243 | umbellatus. 173

2 | 4265 , Leschenaultia arcuata. 7

$256 | splendens. 1

4393 | Leuchtenbergia Principis. 71

+314 | Leucothoe pulchra. 73

4315 | Liebigia speciosa. 72

+324 | Lisianthus acutangulus. 72

+389 | Lithospermum canescens. + 74

4150 | Lobelia thapsoidea. 71

4365 | Lopimia malacophylla. 72

4132 | Luculia Pinciana. 71

+193 | Lycaste fulvescens. 72

+149 | Lycium fuchsioides. 71

| +273 | Lyonia Jamaicensis. 73

4334 | Malachadenia clavata. 74

4358 |«Mamillaria clava. 73

4299 | Marsdenia maculata. 71

4292 | Martynia fragrans. 74

+164 | Masdevallia fenestrata. 73

+374 | Maxillaria acicularis. 74

$228 | —— macrobulbon. 71

4235 | —— Warreana. 74

| #321 | Medinilla speciosa. 72

| +204 | Miltonia spectabilis. 71

4214 | Mormodes Cartoni. 72

| +387 | Napoleona imperialis. 71

+285 | Nepenthes Rafflesiana. _ 71

4282 | Niphzea albo-lineata. 74

#257 | Nymphea dentata. 74

$272 | Odontoglossum hastilabium. 71

+148 | Oncidium bicallosum. 72

4357 | Orothamnus Zeyheri. 74

+367 | Oxypetalum solanoides. 72

+406 | Passiflora amabilis. 73

+319 | Pentstemon Gordoni.

4203 | Peristeria Barkeri. 73

4156 | —— Humboldtii; var. fulva. || 74

4297 | Phalznopsis amabilis. 73

+289 | Pharbitis cathartica. 72

+173 | Phyllarthron Bojerianum. 72

+ +231 | Pinguicula orchidioides. 73

+241 | Pitcairnia undulatifolia. 72

+262 Pleroma e 74

74\4412 | Pleroma Kunthianum. 73

eet iat Sale cael

No .

4142 |

Pleurothallis bicarinata.

4161 | Polystachya bracteosa.

4176

4356

4309

| 4199

4336

4381 |*

4198

‘Porphyrocoma lanceolata.

» Primula Stuartii.

Puya Altensteinii ; var, gigantea.

Reevesia thyrsoidea.

Rhododendron Javanicum.

Nilagiricum,

Rhynchoglossum Zeylanicum.

Ruellia lilacina.

Purdieana.

Salpixantha coccinea.

Salvia leucantha.

Sceevola attenuata.

Scutellaria cordifolia.

incarnata.

Ventenatii.

*Sida (Abutilon) integerrima.

peonizeflora.

—— vitifolia.

—— graveolens.

Sinningia velutina.

Siphocampylos coccineus.

glandulosa.

—— manattizeflorus.

microstoma.

Smeathmannia levigata.

pubescens.

Smithia purpurea.

Solandra levis.

Solanum macranthum

Stachytarpheta aristata.

Stanhopea tigrina.

Stenocarpus Cunninghami.

Strelitzia augusta.

Strobilanthes lactatus.

Swainsona Greyana.

Tacsonia mollissima.

Talauma Candollii.

Tetrazygia eleagnoides.

Theophrastus Jussizi.

Thibaudia Pinchinchensis, 8.

glabra.

pulcherrima. |

Thyrsacanthus strictus.

Tillandsia bulbosa ; var. picta.

Torenia Asiatica.

edentula.

Tritonia aurea.

ex green crenatifiorum.

Smithii. |

—— speciosum.

| No

4337 Tropeeolum umbellatum.

4137| Turnera ulmiflora.

4304 | Vanda cristata.

4275 oy os ‘

4278 }Victoria regia.

No.

4415 | Vriesia glaucophylla.

4382 | —— speciosa.

4155 | Whitfieldia lateritia.

4396 | Weigela rosea.

ENGLISH

GENERAL INDEX,

THE PLANTS CONTAINED IN THE FIRST FOUR VOLUMES

OF THE THIRD SERIES,

(Or from Vol. LXXI. to LXXIV. inclusive, of the whole Work,)

OP THE

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.

Abelia, copious-flowermg.

Acacia, Celastrus-leaved.

—— hook-leaved.

silver-leaved.

slender-leaved.

Achimenes, copper-leaved.

Anigozanthus, beautiful yellow.

sooty.

Anopterus, glandular-leaved.

Anthocercis, holly-leaved.

Aotus, slender.

Aphelandra, orange.

Ariopsis, peltate.

Ariseema, Dr. Murray’s..

Aristolochia, snake.

Arnebia, Echium-like.

Asclepias, Douglas’s.

Asyotasia, Coromandel.

Backhousia, Myrtle-leaved.

Balsam, creeping.

Barbacenia, scaly-stalked.

Barnadesia, rose-coloured.

Begonia, or Elephant’s Ear,

scarlet and white-flowered.

—— Fuchsia-like, or Elephant’s

Ear.

Berberry, holly-leaved.

Birthwort. :

gigantic-flowered.

Bolbophyllum, Dr. Careif’s.

umbelled. -

Bouvardia, long-flowered.

Browallia, showy-flowered.

Brunfelsia, shining leaved ;

Jamaica var.

Burtonia, beautiful.

—— villous.

INDEX

Fol.

Butterfly-plant, Indian. 71

Butterwort, Orchis-like. 71

Calceolaria, or Slipper-wort, 71

clasping-leaved. 73

white-flowered. 71

Calliandria, Mr. Harris’s. 71

Mr. Tweedie’s. 71

Cantua, pear-leaved.

Catasetum, tumour-lipped, large-|| 73

flowered var. 71

Cattleya, Mr. Skinner’s. 74

Ceropegia, Mr. Cuming’s 72

Chirita, Ceylon. 71

—— Chinese. 72

— Mr. Moon’s. 72

Mrs. Walker’s. 713

Cheenestes, lanceolate-leaved. 71

Cirrhopetalum, fimbriated. 73

Thouars’.

Clematis, tubular-flowered. 71

or Virgin’s Bower, smilax-|| 72

leaved. 71

undivided-leaved ; lobed || 72

variety. 72

Clerodendron, capitate. 72

climbing.

sinuate-leaved. 71

Collania, Andinamarcana. 74

Columbine, slender-spurred. 72

Columnea, golden. 72

thick-leaved. 73

Cordyline, Rumphius. 73

Corynocarpus, smooth-leaved. || 73

Cuphea, catch-fiy. 71

large red-flowered. 71

Cryptadenia, solitary-flowered. | 72

Cymbidium, pale yellow.

Datura, horn-bearing. 72

Daviesia, hatchet-leaved. 74

Dendrobium, fringe-lipped, var. |) 74

with sanguineous eye., 71

necklace-stemmed. 73

one-sided. 72

Diastema, pale yellow.

Dipladenia, taper-pointed. 72

Disemma, New Caledonia. 74

Dove-fiower, or Peristeria; Mr.|| 74

Barker’s. 71

—— Humboldt’s; tawny-fl. var.

Dryandra, Thistle-like ; narrow-| 71

leaved var. 72

Echinocactus, cinnabar-flowered.|| 71

green-eyed. 74

| —— hexzedron. 73

Echinocactus, many-flowered.

many-spotted.

—— Mr. Lee’s.

—— Mr. William’s.

pectinated.

sharp-angled.

Elephant’s Ear, or Begonia ;

scarlet and white flowered.

Fuchsia-like.

Epidendrum, long-necked.

Episcia, two-coloured.

Eranthemum, white-flowered.

Eria, Dilwyn Llewelyn’s.

Escallonia, Organ-Mountain’s.

Eucalyptus, Dr. Preiss’s.

— large-fruited, or Gum tree.

Evolvulus, purple-blue flowered.

Exacum, square-stalked ; two-

coloured var.

Exostemma, long-flowered.

Fagrea, obovate-leaved.

Franciscea, acuminated.

Hydrangea-like.

Friesia, jointed-pedicelled.

Fuchsia, large-flowered, apeta-

lous.

serrated-leaved.

showy.

Fugosia, Hakea-leaved.

various-leaved.

Gardenia, clapper-bearing.

glossy-leaved.

-—— long-styled.

Lord Derby’s.

Genista, Mr. Spach’s.

Gesneria, elliptic-leaved ; yellow

var.

Honda.

—— leopard-spotted.

—— many-flowered.

Schiede’s.

—— three-flowered.

—— tuberous rooted ; brick-

coloured var.

Gloxfnia, pale-fiowered.

Gmelina, Rheede’s

Goldfussia, equal-leaved.

Gompholobium, changeable

purple stemmed var.

fringe-keeled.

graceful.

Govenia, bladdery.

Gromwell, hoary.

Gum-Tree, large-fruited.

INDEX.

Pa Se Fol.

71 4183 | Habrothamnus, cluster-flowered.|| 74

71 | 4201 , —— corymb-flowered. 73

714192. Hebecladius, twin-flowered. 72

32 4207 | Heinsia, Jessamine-flowered. 72

+3 4329 Hibiscus, Gooseberry-leaved. 74

76) 4401) stinging. 74

71 4135 Hindsia, large-flowered. 71

74 43638 | Hogmeat, poison. 73

7% 4402 | Hoya, beautiful. 71

7b 4347 | cinnamon-leaved. 72

744397 —— imperial. 74

72/4253 | Hydrangea. Japan; blue flow-| 74

| ered var. : 74

7 4346 L[ypocyrta, shining-leaved. 74

73 4310) white-mouthed. 73

72 4245 Indian Cress, notch-petaled. 71

73 | 4323 | showy.

73° 4337 | —— umbellate. 73

73 | 4301! [pomza, fine-leaved. 71

73 ! $305 | handsome. 72

72 | $206 | simple-stalked. 74

7+ $372 | [sopogon, attenuated-leaved. 71

73 | 4332 | round-headed. 72

71) 4191) Ixora, fragrant. 73

74°) 4399 | lance-leaved.

73 4325 Mrs. Griffiths’. 71

7+, 4376 | Jatropha, gouty-stalked. 71

74 | 4400 | Jericho, rose of. 74

72 | 4220 | Kopsia, shrubby. 73

72 4234) Lady’s Slipper, bearded. 73

73° 4302 | Lelia, cinnabar-coloured. TE

71 $169 | Leianthus, long-leaved. 73

72 | 4243 umbellate. 7+

74 4393 | Leuchtenbergia, noble, —, 71

73 | 4314 | Leucothoe, elegant. 74

73 | $265 | Leschenaultia, drooping. 71

2 | 4256 splendid scarlet flowered. || 73

73 | 4315 | Liebigia, showy. 73

73 | 4324 Lisianthus, s! # 71

71 | 4150 | Lobelia, Mullein-like. 7+

72 | 4257 | Lotus, tooth-leaved. 71

71 | 4133) Laculia, Mr, Pince’s. 71

71 | 4193 | Lycaste, tawny-flowered. 72

71 | 4149) Lycium, i 72

72 | 4273 | Lyonia, Jamaica. 74

73 | 4334 ia, club-stalked.

74 | 4365 Malacophylla, soft-leaved. 72

= 4358 1 71

4408 Apple.

73 | $299 | Marsdenia, spotted-leaved. 3

73 | 4292 | Martynia, fragrant. 73

: 4164 ia, windowed. 72

72 | $228 | Maxillaria, splendid 71

a2 4235 —— he Wane 7+

No.

4374

4321

4204

4214

4387

4384

4138

4282

4148

4272

4357

4367

4406

4368

4319

4156

4289

4173

4262

4412

4142

4241

4285

4161

4176

4356

4280

4309

4199

4336

4381

4198

4400

4147

4298

4318

4196

4360

4134

4170

4227

4212

4403

4331

4178

4286

4268

4299

4271

4154

4364

Maxillaria, needle-leaved.

Medinilla, showy.

Miltonia, showy.

Mormodes, Carton’s.

Napoleona, imperial.

Nasturtium, Sir James Smith’s.

Nightshade, large-flowered.

Niphea, white-lined.

Oncidium, two-warted.

Odontoglossum, halberd-leaved.

Orothamnus, Mr. Zeyher’s.

Oxypetalum, Solanum-like.

Passion-flower, white-crowned.

Pelican-flower.

Peristemon, Mr. Gordon’s.

Peristeria, or Dove-flower ; Hum-

boldt’s ; tawny-flowered var.

Pharbitis, purging.

Phyllarthron, Mr. Bojer’s.

Pleroma, elegant.

Prof. Kunth’s.

Pleurothallis, double-keeled.

Pitcairnia, broad-waved-leaved.

Pitcher Plant, Sir Stamford

Raffles’.

Polystachya, bracteated.

Porphyrocoma, lance-leaved.

Primrose, Stuart’s.

Purga, or True Jalap.

Puya, Attenstein’s gigantic var.

Reevesia, thyrse-flowered.

Rhododendron, Javanese.

Neelgherry.

Rhynchoglossum, Ceylon.

Rose of Jericho.

Ruellia, lilac-flowered.

Mr. Purdie’s.

Sage, white-flowered.

Scevola, attenuated-leaved.

Sida, entire-leaved.

—— heavy-scented.

—— Perony-flowered.

—— vine-leaved.

Sinningia, velvety.

Siphocampylos, manettia-

flowered.

glandular.

showy scarlet-flowered.

small-mouthed.

Skull-Cap, fiesh-coloured.

—— heart-leaved.

Ventenat’s.

Slipper-wort, copious-flowering.

Smeathmannia, downy.

.| No

4194

4283

4345

4394

4197

4263

4167

4168

4366

4416

4215

4187

4251

4383

4239

4303

4344

INDEX

Fol

Smeathmannia, smooth-stalked. || 74

Smithia, purple-fiowered. 73

Solandra, smooth-leaved. 72

Sonerila, upright. 72

Stanhopea, tiger-spotted. 73

‘Stenocarpus, Mr. ingham’s.|| 71

| Strelitaia, great white. a

Strobilanthes, milky-leaved. 72

Swainsona, Grey’s. 72

Swanwort, Mr. Loddige’s.

Tacsonia, downy-leaved. 74

Talauma, De Candolle’s. 74

Tetrazygia, Eleagnus-like | 73

Theophrasta, Jussieu’s 73

Thibandia, beautiful. 74

-——— Pichincha; glabrous var. || 71

Thyrse-flower, upright.

Tillandsia, bulbous; coloured var.

Torenia, large-flowered.

purple-blotched.

| Tritonia, golden.

Trumpet-Flower, scarlet.

Turnera, Elm-leaved.

Vanda, crested.

Vervain, Bastard, aristate.

Virgin’s Bower, or Clematis,

tubular-flowered.

Vriesia, glaucous-leaved.

showy.

} Water-Lily, great Victoria.

Weigela, rose-coloured.

Whitfieldia, brick-coloured.

JARI tet nenea

Tas. 4345.

SOLANDRA avis.

Smooth-leaved Solandra.

Nat. Ord. SOLANEZ®.—PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx tubulosus, 3-5-fidus, persistens. Corolla hypogyna infun-

dibuliformi-ventricosa, limbo plicato quinquefido, lobis undulatis. Stamina 5,

corolla tubo inserta, adscendentia, erecta; anthere \ongitudinaliter dehiscentes,

versatiles. Ovariwm incomplete 4-loculare, dissepimento altero supra medium

deliquescente, altero completo, prope angulum parietalem utrinque placentifero,

placentis porrectis multi-ovulatis. Stylus simplex ; stigma subcapitatum. Bacca

ealyee demum hinc fisso cincta, 4-locularis, pulposa. Semina plurima, reniformia.

Fimbryo intra albumen carnosum arcuatus.—Frutices Americe tropice, sarmen-

tost ; foliis in apice ramulorum confertim alternis, obovato-oblongis, integerrimis,

subcarnosis ; floribus terminalibus, solitariis, maximis. Endl.

et En ee

SoLanpRa levis ; foliis obovato-ellipticis glaberrimis levibus, calycis bilabiati

tubo 5-angulato-alato labiis subzequalibus acutis, corolle albe tubo calycem

duplo excedente 5-costato sursum ampliato ventricoso, ore contracto, limbi

patentis reticulatim venosi lobis margine undulato-crispatis.

SoLanpRa levis. Hortul.

E Of the four species of Solandra described by authors, not one

. accords with the present; nor is any now in cultivation to be

compared with it, for the size and beauty and fragrance of the

blossoms. It was received from Messrs. Lucombe, Pince and Co.,

in November, 1847, under the name here adopted, by which it

was obtained by those gentlemen from the Continent, without

| any indication of its introduction into Europe, or of the country

of which it is a native: a practice unfortunately general, and

which cannot be too strongly condemned. Messrs. Lucombe and —

. Pince find its cultivation extremely easy in a moderately warm

House, requiring nothing but the ordinary treatment of stove

plants. Its somewhat climbing stems grow best, trailed round =

a cylindrical trellice. Young plants, not two feet high, produce

these noble blossoms. The leaves are thick and glossy, and form

an agreeable contrast with the coarse foliage of other Solandre.

Descr. A shrub of dwarfish habit, two feet long, bran Se

with long’ and trailing branches ; branches glabrous, as is «

JANUARY Ist, 1848. .

part of the plant, terete, the younger ones herbaceous, indicating

arapid growth. Leaves alternate, small in proportion to the

size of the shrub, at least on those flowering branches which

we have alone seen, oblong-oval, or somewhat obovate, acute,

entire, smooth on both surfaces, dark green above, paler beneath,

penninerved ; the petioles from half an inch in length, purple.

Flowers very large, almost a foot long, solitary, termimal. What

may be called the peduncle is extremely short and thick, jointed

unto the apex of the branch, not half an inch in length. Calyx

four inches long, tubular, two-lipped at the extremity, five-

angled, the angles expanding into wings towards the lower part

of the calyx: lips entire, acute. Corolla nearly thrice the length

of the calyx, funnel-shaped, greenish cream-colour, white at the

limb : the lower half of the tube is slender, striated, the upper half

bell-shaped, but contracted at the mouth, with five ribs becoming

very slender near the mouth and there branched and reticulated :

limb spreading, deeply five-lobed, the lobes reticulated, smgularly

crisped and waved at the margin. Stamens included. Style

exserted about an inch beyond the mouth of the tube. Stigma

convex and a little dilated.

4346.

. | ae |

7¥ 2 oboe | ie Fe

UL fF, Ot

LEZ oe MAY,

Tas. 4346.

HYPOCYRTA Guapsra.

Shining-leaved Hypocyrta.

Nat. Ord. GEsNERIACE®.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx liber profunde 5-partitus, lobis lanceolatis integerrimis.

Corolla tubulosa, basi postice gibba, tubo antice ventricoso, limbo 5-lobo aut

5-dentato. subsequali. Stamina 4 didynama, cum quinto postici rudimento ex

ima basi tubi. dnthere per paria coheerentes. Annulus hypogynus et glandula

postica. Stigma bilobum (aut infundibuliforme indivisum ?). Bacca globosa

succosa 1-locularis, placentis 2 parietalibus bilobis. Semina © oblonga aut

ovata.—Fruticuli Brasilienses extensi et radicantes, rarius erecti. Folia opposita

erassiuscula. Flores avillares solitarii aut aggregati. Corolle coccinea, rosea,

alba, aut ochroleuce. D.C.

Hypocyrta glabra; erecta, foliis ellipticis obtusis nitidis obsoletissime hirsutis

subenerviis brevi-petiolatis, pedunculis axillaribus aggregatis (2-3) unifloris

basi bibracteatis, calycis lobis serratis, corollis anticis grosse ventricosis

inferne brevissime constrictis, limbo contracto 5-dentato.

Hypocyrta glabra. Hortul.

Although in words it may be difficult to define the distinction

between the present species of Hypocyrta glabra and H. strigillosa

(figured at Tab. 4027 of this work), yet the two plants are clearly

distinct, and the eye will at once detect the differences. I may

observe that the present is of shorter and stouter growth, the

stem purple; the leaves shorter, almost exactly elliptical, obtuse,

of a thicker texture, with very indistinct nerves, and still more

indistinct hairs: the corollas have the lower and constricted

portion of the tube shorter, and they want the radiating yellow

lines around the mouth. The shape of the corolla in the H. sfr7-

gulosa reminds one of the Pouter Pigeon, that of the present

species of the Globe Fish (Déodon). It grows readily in stove

heat, treated like other Gesneriaceous plants, and flowers in June

and July. The Royal Gardens owe the possession of it to

Mr. Malkoy of Liege, and it is said to have been imported from

South America.

.Descr. Our plant has an unbranched, erect, rather stout,

succulent, dark purple, terete sem, eight to ten pared high, very

ie ee :

JANUARY IsT, 1848.

obscurely pilose. Leaves opposite, elliptical, obtuse, on short

petioles, glossy, entire or very obscurely serrated, to the eye

appearing glabrous, whence the specific name, but under a lens

showing very minute hairs on the surface and margin. Peduncles

one to three in the axils of the leaf, longer than the petioles,

with a pair of linear dracts at the base. Calyx with the seg-

ments serrated. Corolla with a very short constriction at the

base of the tube, the colour a rich scarlet, except the small

Limb, which is orange-yellow. Stamens and pistil as in #7. stri-

gillosa.

Fig. 1. Calyx including the pistil. 2. Ovary and bifid, large, hypogynous

gland :—maguified.

ee a a ee 7" m

COMPANION

TO THE

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.

I eenwns*

Notice of Mr. Drummonn’s discovery of three remarkable plants

in South-West Australia.

We have much interesting matter to lay before our readers from

the correspondence of Mr. Drummond ; but at this time we must

content ourselves with a brief extract from one of his letters

written from Cape Riche, Jan. 10, 1847, while on an extensive

botanical journey from Swan River to King George’s Sound.

“ T determined,” he says, “‘ to enjoy another view from the top

of Mongerup. I hid our supply of flour and pork as well as I

could, in case of a visit from the natives: I had now to bring

water from the native well. Starting at five o'clock, I reached

the highest summit of the hill by eleven. I ascended by the N.E.

angle, and at about the height of 2,000 feet I found, first making

its appearance, a splendid Banksia, with leaves more than nine

inches long, and about five wide, irregularly jagged and sinuated

like those of an English Oak. To this noble shrub I have given the

specific name of Hookeri. From the remains of the flowers, they

appear to have been scarlet. I had scarcely time to make myself

acquainted with this fine Banksia, when I found another ex-

ceedingly interesting and beautiful plant, a species of Genithyllis,

growing to the size of, and having a considerable resemblance in

habit and foliage to Beaufortia decussata, but with the inflorescence

inclosed by beautiful bracts, white, and variegated with crimson

veins ; these bracts are as elegantly formed as the petals of the

finest tulip, and are almost as large, hanging in a bell-shaped

form from the ends of the slender branches. 1 thought I could

never gather enough of this charming plant; and I procured

abundance of perfect seeds. As one is obliged to employ the

hands as well, and almost as often, as the feet, in ascending

or descending these very steep hills, I had gone very lightly

equipped: I was therefore compelled to use my shirt and

neck-handkerchief (making the shirt into a bag), to bring down

a supply of Banksia cones. Securing the load so as not to im-

pede the use of my hands, I reached our sleeping place at three

o'clock, much fatigued with my load, but highly gratified ; having

this day found at least two plants, which will continue to be

admired while a taste for the beauties of nature remains to the

human race.”’

In another part of this letter he writes : ““ West Mount Barren

was distant about ten miles. Just before I reached this sleeping

place, and afterwards in greater abundance between it and Mount

Barren, I found a most extraordinary plant, a species of Hakea,

growing twelve or fourteen feet high: the true leaves of the

plant are seven or eight inches long, jagged and sinuated as in

Hakea undulata, but by far the most conspicuous part of the

foliage of this superb plant are its bracts, which make their ap-

pearance with the flower-buds. When the plant is three or

four years old, they are borne in regular whorls, each circle or

whorl being from seven to nine inches in height, formed of five

rows, which have each five bracts; the lowest bracts of the whorl

are the broadest, and vary from four to five inches, the whole

breadth across, in full-grown, middle-sized specimens, being

about ten inches ; and they regularly decrease in size to the upper-

most bracts, which are only about four inches across from outside

to outside ; each whorl is a year’s growth of the plant after it

bears the first flowers. The variegation of these bracts is so ex-

traordinary, that I almost fear to attempt a description. ‘The

first year they are yellowish-white in all the centre of the bracts,

and the same colour appears in the veins and in the teeth, which

grow on the margin; the second year, what was white the

first year has changed to a rich golden-yellow; the third year,

what was yellow becomes a rich orange; and the fourth year,

the colour of the centre of the same bracts, their veins and

marginal.teeth, are turned to a blood-red. The green, which has

a remarkably light and luminous appearance the first year, varies

annually to deeper and darker shades ; and the fourth year, when

the centre of the bracts has acquired a blood-red colour, the green

of the same series is of the richest hue, while the whorls below

change to darker and duller shades, until they ultimately fade

“into the dull and withered leaves of other climes. The flowers ©

I have not seen: the stem and buds of the upper series, which

are the only ones unopened, are white and velvety; the other

series contain seed-vessels, mostly with perfect seeds. To this, the

most splendid vegetable production which I have ever beheld, in

a wild or cultivated state, I have given the name of our gracious

Queen, Hakea Victoria. It will soon be cultivated in every garden

of note in Europe, and in many other countries. I thought it

incumbent on me to send Hakea Victoria* in some form to my

subscribers, and, for this plant, pressure is altogether out of the

question, as the bracts break before they will bend in any direction.

I tied up sixteen of the bract-bearig tops in two bundles, fastening

them together with the creepmg shoots of the Black creeper,

Kennedya nigricans, and slung them one at each side of my old

grey poney, Cabbine. The load, although not very heavy, was a

most awkward one to get through the bushes, and he never bore

anything so unwillingly. One specimen, fourteen feet high, 1

carried in my hand all the way to Cape Riche; but notwith-

standing all the care I took, the brilliant colours in the bracts of

this extraordinary plant were much faded before I could get

it to King George’s Sound.”

NELUMBIUM JAMAICENSE; re-discovered in Jamaica.

Near Ly, if not quite, a century has rolled away since Dr. Patrick

Browne, a Naturalist and Physician resident in Jamaica, detected,

and soon after described in his Natural History of Jamaica, a

species of Nelwmbium bearing yellow flowers, different from that

of the East Indies, growing in certain lagoons of the island in

question : and presenting an equally stately appearance with the

splendid and well-known species of the Old World. Strange

to say, notwithstanding the researches of succeeding botanists,

neither lacking in knowledge nor zeal, the Nelwmbium Jamaicense

das been sought in vain: so that all hitherto known of it has

been through the brief account of it by Patrick Browne above

quoted. No specimen exists, we believe we are correct m

saying, in any Herbarium; and, as the Nelumbium speciosum

had disappeared from the Nile, where it was formerly known

as a sacred emblem, so it has been by many supposed that our

plant had been lost to Jamaica; or others believed that Patrick

Browne had ignorantly taken some other well-known Vymphe-

aceous plant for a new Nelumbium.

_We can well conceive, then, with what pleasure our excellent

friend, Dr. M’Fadyen of Kingston, Jamaica, must have received

the agreeable tidings, in August last, of the re-discovery of this

* Noble specimens of the three plants here noticed have reached our hands,

and bear testimony to the correctness of Mr. Drummond’s remarks. The ~

Banksia is probably the little-known B. Solandri, Br.: the others are quite new.

plant by James Dundas, Esq. Dr. M’Fadyen was not long im

sending to us roots, and seeds, and beautifully dried specimens

of this rarity, and in printing, for private distribution, a full

description with an accurate, coloured figure (on a large folio

size, as the subject truly deserved), and a second plate of

analysis. It must be acknowledged, indeed, judging from a

comparison of dried specimens in our Herbarium, that it is very

closely allied to the Nelumbium luteum of the United States :

and if, on further investigation, the two should prove to be

identical, we must observe that Patrick Browne’s name has the

right of priority, although not quite unobjectionable, seeing that

it is more frequent in North America than in Jamaica. The

specific identity of the two, however, we are not now discussing ;

nor do we think it necessary here to give the full and excellent

description of the plant from Dr. M’Fadyen’s Memoir: but his

remarks are well worthy of being introduced into the supple-

mentary pages of this Magazine.

“T have followed Dr. Lindley,” Dr. M’Fadyen remarks, “in

describing as a horizontal submersed stem, what others have

regarded as the root. Although it grows under the surface of

the water, it is free from the mud or soft earth, in which the

proper roots or fibrillee are immersed. It may be remarked

that the mternal structure of the stem more resembles that of

the flower-stalk than that of the petiole: the former supporting

more important and complicated organs than the latter. It may

also be noticed that these several parts resemble in their internal

structure, composed of cellular tissue connecting a number of

large air tubes, that of the stem of the CasomBacra or Water

shields. In plants of this order the number of air tubes amounts

to 15 or 16. On the other hand, in the CasomBaces there

are no spiral vessels, whereas they are remarkably distinct in the

NELUMBACES.

“T have no doubt the broad rufescent band which I have de-

scribed as traversing the under-surface of the leaf, corresponds

to that portion which is exposed, when the leaf, in the early

period of its growth, is folded up previous to its expansion.

“The peculiarities of the nervation in the leaf are not so dis-

tinctly delineated, as they might have been. The broad rufescent

band above alluded to, is also indistinctly indicated. It is very

obvious, however, in the recent specimen.

“The prolonged portion of the filament is in this species linear

and incrassated. In JV. speciosum it is linear; and in NV. luteum

club-shaped.

«The abortive cell of the carpel, has not as yet been described |

- (eer eee | ee ee ee

Tas. 4347.

HOYA cinNAMOMIFOLIA.

Cinnamon-leaved Hoya.

Nat. Ord. AscLEPIADEH.—PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx brevis, pentaphyllus. Corolla rotata plus minusve alte

5-fida, laciniis planis v. reflexis wstivatione valvata. Corona staminea 5-phylla,

foliolis depressis patentibus v. plus minusve gynostegio verticaliter adnatis car-

nosis angulo interiore in dentem anthere incumbentem producto. Gynostegium

breve. -4nthere membrana terminate. Masse pollinis basi affixee, oblonge,

compresse, conniventes, seepius margine pellucide. Stigma muticum cum

papilla media obtusa v. subapiculatum. Folliculi leeves v. appendiculis instructi,

subpolypteri. Semina comosa.—Frutices v. suffrutices Indici v. Moluccani

rarissime Africani, volubiles, scandentes aut decumbentes, foliis carnosis v. coriaceis

v.membranaceis, floribus umbellatis, umbellis extra-axillaribus sepius multifloris. D.C.

Hoya cinnamomifolia; glaberrima, volubilis, caulibus ramisque teretibus, foliis

carnoso-coriaceis crassis ovatis acuminatis utrinque 5-nerviis, nervis su-

perne prominentibus supra petiolum calloso-glandulosis, pedunculis bre-

vibus, umbellis compactis multifloris, corolla glabra pallide flava, corona

stam. foliolis ovatis acutis atro-sanguineis supra planis medio linea elevata.

~ om

To Messrs. Veitch and Sons, again, we are indebted for the

introduction to our stoves of this new and handsome species of

Hoya, from Java, whence it was sent by Mr. Thos. Lobb. It

flowered in July, 1847. It belongs to the same group of the

genus with Hoya Pottsiz, figured in our Magazine, Tab, 3425 ;

but it has much more showy flowers, and the nervation of the

leaves is considerably different.

Descr. Stem long, branched, twining, terete, glabrous, here

and there sending out short roots from various portions of its

length. Leaves. opposite, on short, very thick petioles (which

have a callosity on the top), large, ovate, slightly peltate, acumi-

nate, thick, between coriaceous and fleshy, the margins recurved,

five-nerved ; the three central nerves very conspicuous both above —

and below, extending nearly to the summit, the lateral ones less

evident. Peduncle not half the length of the leaf, bearing

a dense hemispherical wmbel of flowers. Flowers large, rather —

showy from the effect of the different colour of the staminal crown.

JANUARY lst, 1848. sa

Corolla pale yellow-green, rotate, the segments broadly ovate,

acute. Leaflets of the stamina! crown of a deep purple blood-—

colour, ovate, acute, thick, fleshy, nearly plane above, with a

central elevated line.

Tan. 4348.

GESNERIA parprina.

Leopard-spotted Gesneria.

Nat. Ord. GEsNERIACE2.—D1pyNaMIA GYNOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4217.)

’

GESNERIA pardina; pubescens, caule erecto crasso subherbaceo tereti ramoso,

foliis brevi-petiolatis ellipticis crassiusculis serratis oblique arcte penninerviis

supra glabris subreticulatis subtus precipue reticulatim rugosis tomentosis,

pedunculis axillaribus solitariis folio brevioribus, calycis tubo ovario adnato

turbinato, laciniis amplis acuminatis patentibus, corolle tubo curvato sursum

dilatato basi superne gibboso, ore obliquo, limbo subequali 5-lobo, lobis

patentibus rotundatis, staminibus styloque exsertis.

Drawn from plants in the Royal Gardens of Kew, which were

received from Brazil through Mr. Gardner, who detected the

species in the Organ Mountains. It is extremely different from

any, either published, or, as I have reason to believe, culti-

vated in our gardens: in general habit it resembles G. aggregata _

(Bot. Mag. tab. 2725), but is much handsomer, and the spotting

reminds one of the flowers of G. Douglasii. It blossoms, in a

moist stove, in October. :

Drscr. Stem, with us, a foot and a half high, erect, rather

stout, terete, brown, slightly downy above, branched. Leaves

opposite, on short, rather stout petioles, patent, elliptical-acute,

rather thick, fleshy, strongly serrated, downy above, most so

beneath, strongly penninerved; the zerves oblique, closely

placed, more or less united by transverse nervelets. Peduncle

axillary, solitary, single-flowered, shorter than the leaves, thick-

ening gradually upwards into the turbinate tube of the calyx,

which is adherent with the lower part of the ovary: calyz-

segments large, acuminate, spreading. Corolla an inch and a

half or more long, ochrey-red, yellow within, spotted, especially

the Zim and tube, internally with deep red. Zude curved, yellow, —

and with a gibbosity at the base above, upwards the tube is

gradually dilated: mouth oblique: limb of five nearly equal, —

rounded, spreading segments. Stamens and style exserted: fila-

JANUARY Ist, 1848.

ments glabrous, arising from the base of the corolla: there is

a small, subulate, fifth abortive filament between the two pairs.

Ovary half-inferior, hairy, with five nearly equal, yellow glands.

Stigma oblique, sub-peltate.

Fig, 1. Pistil and gland :—magnijied.

Sr eo ET

Tas. 4349.

CEROPEGIA CuminaIAna.

Mr. Cuming’s Ceropegia.

Nat. Ord. AscLEPIADE®.—PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx 5-partitus. Corolla tubulosa, basi magis minusve ventri-

cosa, subinfundibuliformis, limbo laciniis compressis, ligulatis, erectis, seepius

arcuatis apiceque coherentibus, haud rare ciliolatis ; preefloratione valvata. Co-

rona staminea duplici serie campanulata v. rotata, 5-10-15-lobata, lobis antheris

antepositis sepius longioribus, ligulatis, apice seepissime approximatis conniven-

tibus. Anthere apice simplices, membrana destitute. Masse pollinis erectee,

rotundate, margine interiori pellucide. Stigma muticum. Folliculi cylindracei,

leves, pergamacei. Semina comosa, — Suffrutices ¢. potius herbe perennes

Indice v. Africane, radice bulbosa, erecta carnose aphylle v. sepius volubiles fo-

liose ; foliis haud raro carnosulis ; floribus paucis aggregatis v. subcorymbosis,

virentibus purpureo-violaceo-maculatis, v. rarius concoloribus lutescentibus. DC.

CEROPEGIA Cumingiana; volubilis glabra, foliis ovatis basi subcordatis apice

longe attenuatis acutis tenuibus, pedunculis folium medium eequantibus

plurifloris, sepalis acutis, corollee tubo clavato, limbi laciniis oblongis glabris

apice cohzrentibus, coronz stam. pilose fol. extern. brevibus bifidis inter.

ligulato-clavatis exteriora multo superantibus conniventibus.

CERoPEGIA Cumingiana. Dene, in De Cand. Prodr. v.8. p.643. Cuming, Herb.

Philipp. n. 447.

Received from Java, by Messrs. Veitch and Sons, through

their Collector, Mr. Thos. Lobb. This is clearly the same plant

with Mr. Cuming’s No. 447, from Manilla, quite agreeing with

his specimens in my Herbarium. The discrepancies in the de-

scription of the staminal crown of the flower, by M. Decaisne,

and that drawn up by me, may be accounted for from the altera-

tion in that part of a fleshy flower by drying and pressure. A

stove plant, flowering in August with Mr. Veitch.

Duscor. A glabrous, climbing and twining plant, with terete,

rounded stems, tinged with red. eaves opposite, on rather

long, flexuose petioles, ovato-acuminate, somewhat membrana-

ceous, cordate at the base, often tinged with brown and with

the costa red. Peduncle reaching about as far as the middle of —

the leaf, terminated by a cyme of eight to ten flowers. Pedicels

with subulate bracteas at the base. Calyx deeply five-partite: _

JANUARY Ist, 1848.

segments subulate, spreading. Corolla one and a half to two

inches long: the ¢xde contracted in the middle, cream-coloured,

the imb chocolate purple, with a pale transverse band; the

segments connivent, large. Staminal crown double; exterior

of five short, obtuse, double, slightly incurved teeth; interior of

as many elongated, clavato-ligulate ones, connivent, three or four

times as long as the outer: all pilose.

Fig. 1. Staminal crown :-—magnified.

Tas. 4350.

ACACIA LEepToneuRA.

Slender-nerved Acacia.

Nat. Ord. Leguminos#.——-PoLyGaMIA POLYANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide Supra, Tas. 4306.)

Acacta leptoneura ; glabra v. junior canescenti-puberula, ramulis subteretibus,

phyllodiis strictis v. flexuosis subulatis tereti-compressis tenuissime striato-

multinerviis muticis v. uncinato-mucronatis, pedunculis solitariis geminisve

phyllodiis multoties brevioribus, capitulis multifloris, sepalis liberis anguste

spathulatis.

AcactA leptoneura. Benth. on Mim. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 1, p. 341.

= |

Where there is space for the display, a good collection of

New Holland Acacias exhibits some of the most interesting

among Green-house plants. The strange variety in the phyllodia

(or leaves as they are generally called), the profusion and fra-

grance of their blossoms, and the season of the year when they

are in the greatest perfection, render them eminently worthy of

cultivation. The Swan River Settlement, investigated by the

industry and discrimination of a Drummond, has contributed to

the stores already in our possession from the older parts of our

Australian Colonies; and many of the species are eminently

worthy of a place in our Magazine. Acacia leptoneura recom-

mends itself by its graceful slender branches, loaded with

deep orange-yellow heads of flowers, rather than by any striking

character in the foliage (phyllodia); except when this latter is

magnified, (as shown in a transverse section, f.3,) and then the

circle of air-cells, one beneath each ridge or nerve of the leaf,

becomes visible, resembling, in that respect, as well as in the

roughness of the superficies of the leaf itself, the joint of an Zgui-

setum. The present species flowers in April.

Descr. A shrub, five or six feet high, with very straggling

branches, which are terete and wavy. Phyllodia alternate, two

to three inches long, spreading, flexuose, subulate, or rather

filiform, with an acuminate, sharp, terete, hooked point, minutely

and copiously nerved or striated, rough on the surface when

JANUARY Ist, 1848.

seen under a magnifier: an oblong gland appears above near

the base, and at the union with the branch is a pair of scale-like,

obovate, membranaceous stipules. Peduncles solitary, or more

frequently geminate from the axils of the phyllodia, but not a

sixth part of their length ; 4eads many-flowered, globose, of a

deep orange-yellow colour. Calyx of five, free, loose, minute,

spathulate, slightly hairy sepals. Petals linear-oblong, acute. .

Stamens numerous. .

Fig.1. Portion of a branch and phyllodium with stipules. 2. Transverse

section of a phyllodium :—magnified.

Tas. 435).

ALLAMANDA ScuHorttit.

Large-flowered erect Allamanda.

Nat. Ord. APOoCYNACE®.—PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx 5-partitus, lobis lanceolatis oblongisve, erectis, subineequali-

bus eglandulosis. Coroé/a ampla, lutea; tubo basi cylindrico angusto, versus

mediam partem abrupte dilatato, fauce ideo campanulata vel .nfundibuliformi ;

lobis rotundatis, estivatione dextrorsum contortis. Sgwame ‘-ucis bipartite,

lobis opposite, e pilis parum coadunatis constantes. Anthere sagittate 5, cum

squamis verticillatee, conniventes, filamentis multo longiores. Nectarium carno-

sum, simplex. Ovarium liberum, conicum, glabrum, 1-loculare. Ovula », am-

phitropa, placentis 2 parictalibus adfixa, rotundata, compressa. Sty/us filiformis.

Stigma cylindraceum, medio coarctatum, apice bilobum, lobis conniventibus.

‘Fructus capsularis, ellipsoideo-compressus, echinatus, valvis 2. Semina @,

deorsum imbricata, in utraque placenta biserialia, rotundata, compressa, margine

membranaceo cincta. Funiculus brevis ; embryo intra albumen pareum cartila-

gineum rectus ; cofyledonibus foliaceis, ovato-cordatis, funiculum hilumque dorso

spectantibus ; radicula brevissima, acuta, supera.—Arbuscule vel frutices dme-

rice meridionalis, caule erecto vel subscandente, foliis verticillatis vel oppositis, raro

apice alternis breviter petiolatis, integris ; glandulis intra-petiolaribus simplicibus

vel bipartitis ; cymis terminalibus et axillaribus. DC.

ALLAMANDA Schottii ; erecta suffruticosa, ramis pilosiusculis, foliis ternis quater-

nisve oblongis acuminatis basi angustatis sessilibus glabris, glandulis mi-

nutis acutis, pedunculis floribus paniculatis calyceque glabris, lobis calycis

lanceolatis acuminatis, fauce infundibuliformi corollz parte constricta tubi

longiore, lobis rotundatis oblique unidentatis.

Sev a Schottii. Pohl, Bras. v.1. p. 73. f.58. Alph. De Cand. Prodr.

v. 9. p. 309.

ALLAMANDA cathartica. Schrad.in Diar. Gott. 1821. p. 107.

8.; corollz tubi parte constricta longiore. (Tas. NosTR. 4351.)

—_——-__—-

Much confusion exists with respect to the different species of

Allamanda, of which seven are enumerated in the Prodromus-

of De Candolle. The 4. cathartica of Linneus, which we con-

sider to be the one represented at t. 338 of the present

work, is called 4. Linnai by Pohl, and it is distinguished as a

the from the Allamanda of Aublet (4. Audletii, Pohl).

€s¢ are again united by Alphonse De Candolle: both have

scandent stems. 4. cathartica alone, so far as I know, had

FEBRUARY Ist, 1848. Cc

been introduced to our collections, till September, 1847, when

I had the pleasure of receiving a splendid specimen of a perfectly

upright growing species. from Mr. J. Stanton, Gardener to

R. W. Barton, Esq., Springwood, Manchester. They were raised

from seeds, sent by Mr. Graham from Brazil to Miss Barton.

Besides the size, beauty, and copiousness of the blossoms, this

species has the merit of flowermg when little more than two

feet high and in eight-inch pots. | think I am right in referring

it to A. Schottii, Pohl; though, the contracted portion of the

tube of the corolla being longer than in that species, it seems

better to constitute a variety of it.

Descr. An erect suffruticose plant, everywhere glabrous, save

the younger shoots and petioles, very fragile at the setting on of

the leaves, The older portion of the sfem is verrucose. Leaves

in whorls of three or four, spreading, large, lanceolate, acuminate,

tapering below into a short petiole, which bears at its base stipu-

lary glands, small, acute. Peduncles terminal and from the

axils of the leaves, bearing several flowers forming panicles.

Pedicels short. Calye deeply cut into five rather large, ovato-

lanceolate, acuminate, almost Jeafy segments or sepals, often with

‘a tooth on one side. Corolla very large, of a rich full yellow,

infundibuliform : the lower half or rath

contracted /ube, thence suddenly expanding into a companulate

Jauz (of a deeper yellow in the inside) ; the /imd of five rotundate,

spreading segments, often with a tooth or angle on one side.

er less forming a narrow |

' Tas. 4352.

DENDROBIUM SECUNDUM.

One-sided Dendrobium.

Nat. Ord. Orcu1pE®2.—GyNnaNDRIA MONANDRIA.

Gen. Char. Sepala membranacea, erecta vel patentia, lateralibus majoribus

obliquis cum basi producta columns connatis. Petala sepalo supremo sepius

majora, nune minora, semper membranacea. Lade/lum cum pede columne arti-

culatum vel connatum, semper sessile, indivisum yel trilobum, seepius membra-

naceum, nunc appendiculatum. Colwmna semiteres, basi longe producta. An-

thera bilocularis. Pollinia 4 per paria collateralia—Herbe epiphyte nunc

caulescentes, nunc rhizomate repente pseudo-bulbifero, Folia plana, sepius venosa,

Flores solitarii fasciculati vel racemosi, speciosi. Lindl.

DENDROBIUM secundum ; caulibus pendulis, foliis oblongis apice oblique retusis,

racemis lateralibus terminalibusque secundis, sepalis ovatis, lateralibus basi

in cornu longo obtuso incurvo connatis, petalis supremo paulo minoribus,

labello integerrimo acuto apice tumido, Lindi.

Denprosium secundnm. Wall. Cat. n. 1996. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.1291. Gen.

et Sp. Orchid. p. 81.

PEDILONUM secundum. Blume, Bijdrag. p. 322.

The East Indian Orchideous plants have assuredly the pre-

eminence over those of the New World, beautiful though many of

the latter undoubtedly are. Nor is the present Dendrobium one

of the least handsome among the former. ‘The leaves are copious, —

but unfortunately not on the same stem with the flowers. Den-

drobium Kuhlii (Bot. Reg. 1847, tab. 47) is a very nearly allied

species. Both are inhabitants of the Malayan islands, and

require the usual treatment of tropical Orchideous plants. —

Descr. Stems pendulous, elongated, terete, copiously jointed ;

the joints sheathed by the deeply striated base of the foliage.

Leaves one to each joint, oblong, or ovato-oblong, acute or

obliquely emarginate, costate and faintly striated, firm, coriaceous.

Flowers copious in long spikes, of which one or two arise from

the extremity of a leafless stem, all drooping and secund, not

much unlike, at first sight, those of some Hedysarum, of a deep

full rose-colour, paler and nearly white in parts. Cylye-sepals . | =

FEBRUARY IsT, 1848. C2

narrow, ovate, acute, concave, the lateral ones running down

into a blunt, subconical spur, nearly as long as the sepals.

Petals resembling the sepals, but rather smaller. Zip nearly

white, obovato-spathulate. Co/wmn elongated, broader upwards.

Fig. 1. Entire flower. 2. Portion of a flower, showing the spur, column,

sepal, and petal. 3. Labellum :—magnified.

Tas. 4353.

ACACIA ONCINOPHYLLA.

FHlook-leaved Acacia.

Nat. Ord. Le@uminos®.——-PoLYGAMIA POLYANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide Supra, Tan. 4306.)

AcActa oncinophylla; glabra y. resinoso-puberula, ramulis angulatis, phyllodiis

elongato-linearibus subulatis planis subrecurvo-mucronatis rigidis crassius-

culis striato-trinerviis basi angustatis, glandula prope basin obscura, spicis

subgeminis breviter pedunculatis cylindricis densis, sepalis liberis spathu-

latis. Benth. ‘

Acacia oncinophylla. Lindl. Swan Riv. Bot. p.15. Benth. on Mim. in Hook.

Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 1. p. 370.

A very graceful Swan River species of Acacia, flowering in

the early spring months, and scenting the atmosphere with its

agreeable fragrance. The blossoms, in rich yellow spikes, show

more numerous upon the branches than are even the leaves, or

rather phyllodia. ‘The seeds were sent to us by Mr. Drummond.

Drscr. Shrub, with us attaining a height of seven feet, every-

where glabrous or nearly so: branches, especially the younger

ones, yellow-green, striated. Phyllodia scattered, sparse, linear-

falcate, submucronato-acuminate, pungent, tapering at the base

and at the upper edge, below furnished with an oblong —

gland. Stipules minute, subulate, deciduous. Spikes axil-_

lary, sessile, geminate, cylindrical, obtuse, shorter than the

leaves, of a deep orange-yellow colour, densely clothed with ©

flowers. Bracteas small, rotundato-ovate, hairy on the back in-

the upper half. Calyex five-fid, the lobes rounded, spreading,

obtuse. Corolla none. Stamens very numerous, thrice as long

as the calyx.

Fig. 1. Portion of a branch, with stipules and the base of a leaf, to show the —

gland :—magnified. ae

FEBRUARY Ist, 1848.

Tas. 4354.

CLERODENDRON scanpens.

Climbing Clerodendron.

Nat. Ord. VeRBENACEX%.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4255.)

CLERODENDRON scandens ; subpubescens, caule volubili tetragono, foliis cordato-

ovatis acuminatis membranaceis integerrimis brevi-acuminatissimis, petiolo

gracili basi nodoso-articulato, corymbis pedunculatis axillaribus terminalibus

paniculam foliosam formantibus, calycibus oblongo-turbinatis semiquinque-

fidis, segmentis albidis membranaceis ovatis trinervibus, corolle tubo

gracillimo calyce duplo longiore, limbi laciniis obovatis patentibus tubo vix

brevioribus, staminibus stylogue longissime exsertis corolle tubo triplo

superantibus.

CLERODENDRON scandens. Pal. Beauv. Fl. D’Ow. et de Ben. v.2. p.6. t. 62.

Schauer in De Cand. Prodr. v. 11. p. 662.

CLERODENDRON umbellatum? Poir. Cycl. 5. p. 166.

A very pretty stove Clerodendron introduced, together with

the following more splendid species, by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince,

and Co., Exeter Nursery, from Sierra Leone, through the instru-

mentality of Mr. Whitfield. The flowers are exceedingly pretty

and copious, and the plant is a climber, well adapted for growth

on a balloon trellis in a pot. It flowers in December, when

the far less beautiful blossoms have great charms. Palisot de

Beauvois’ figure (and description as far as it goes) is quite cha-_

racteristic of this plant; but Schauer, in De Candolle, seems to _

have constructed his specific character from Poiret’s C. wmbella-

‘um, which can hardly be the same species, for neither is our

plant “glaberrima,” nor are the leaves coriaceous. =

Duscr. A graceful climber, with obtusely tetragonous and

slightly pubescent stems and branches. Leaves in remote pairs

three or four inches long, two or more wide, ovate, entire, mem-

branaceous, with a short but very sharp point, cordate at the

base, more or less pubescent, especially on the nerves beneath, —

and there often tinged with purple. Pedzoles slender, articulated, __

and nodose, on a projecting tooth of the stem or branch, a

FEBRUARY lst, 1848.

downy. Peduncles bearing corymbs of flowers from the axils

(or rather above the axils—supra-axillary), and extending bef dere

the leaves; so that the several corymbs form a rather large

panicle, \eafy below. Pedicels slender, downy, bracteated.

Calyx downy, for the most part coloured, that is, white more

or less tinged with purple: the segments ovate with three green

nerves. Corolla very slightly downy, white, beautifully tinged

with rose-colour: the /wbe slender, twice as long as the calyx,

straight: /imb of five spreading obovate segments, almost as

long as the tube. Stamens and style very much exserted and

slightly curved upwards.

Fig. 1. Calyx and pistil :—magnified.

4355.

ere

Reeve Benham & Reeve, imp

Fitch, del et Lith.

Tas. 4355.

CLERODENDRON capitatumM.

Camtate Clerodendron.

Nat. Ord. VerBenace®.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4255.)

CLERODENDRUM capitatum ; ramis junioribus nervisque foliorum (subtus pre-

cipue) ferrugineo-pilosis, foliis amplis brevi-petiolatis obovato-oblongis acu-

minatis reticulatis margine subsinuato-undulatis, pedunculo ferrugineo

hirsuto terminali diphyllo, calycibus dense capitatis ampliatis foliaceo-

membranaceis reticulatis ciliatis, corolle (albo) tubo longissimo curvato

piloso-glanduloso infra apicem geniculato, limbi lobis subeequalibus obovatis

patentibus, staminibus styloque longissime exsertis.

CLERODENDRON capitatum. Schumacher, Pl. Guin. v. 2. p.61. Schauer, in De

Cand. Prodr. v.11. p. 673.

VoLcKAMERIA capitata. Willd. Sp. Pl. ev. 2. p. 384.

There never was a period, perhaps, when so many splendid

new plants were introduced to our stoves and greenhouses as at

the present ; and these, it must be confessed, come very much

through the instrumentality of our eminent and spirited Nursery-

men, and the encouragement given by them to Collectors abroad.

The late volumes of the Botanical Magazine will bear me out

in this assertion; and the subject now figured is certainly not

among the least splendid of recent arrivals. It is from the

collection of Messrs, Lucombe, Pince, and Co. of Exeter, and

was imported by them through Mr. Whitfield from Sierra Leone.

It consequently requires stove heat, and it has the merit of

flowering while the plants are small.

Notwithstanding some slight discrepancies, I have every reason

to believe this is the Volckameria capitata and equally the

Clerodendron capitatum of Schumacher, more fully described in_

the Plants of Guinea. It is a species so little known to Botanists

that in De Candolle’s Prodromus it is placed among “ species

denuo recognoscend.”’ The length and spread of the corollas

are so considerable, that at first sight the capitate character 1s

not distinctly visible; but it will be seen that the bases of

FEBRUARY Ist, 1848.

the flowers, the calyces, are collected into a dense head. The

fragrance is no less remarkable than the beauty of the flowers

and foliage.

Descr. A shrud, of handsome growth, with obtusely tetragonous

branches; the younger ones almost terete, herbaceous, clothed

with spreading fuscous hairs. eaves ample, from four or five

inches to nearly a foot in length, the smaller ones subovate, the

larger ones obovato-oblong, acuminate, entire, but subsimuate

and undulate at the margin, the surface reticulated and some-

what wrinkled, the young ones subpilose, the older ones ferru-

ginously hairy on the nerves, especially beneath : petioles short,

clothed with ferrugmous or brown hairs. Peduacle terminal,

hairy, like the young branches, short, bearing in our specimen

two small /eaves, and a dense head of numerous flowers: the

great length and spread of the corollas giving the appearance of

an umbel, or almost of a panicle, if the calyces be not inspected.

Calyx large, lax, deeply cut ito five nearly equal, erecto-patent,

reticulated, membranaceous segments, hairy, especially at the

margin. Corollas five inches long! cream-white, glanduloso-

pubescent: the ¢wbe very slender, geniculated below the limb

(where the stamens are inserted) and then broader: /imé of five

spreading, obovate, nearly equal segments. Stamens and style

very much exserted, the former curved upwards.

as existing in any other of the species. It is very distinct in

this, and I have no doubt will be found to be equally so in the

other species.

In the description of the embryo, it is said to be composed

of the rudiments of the future leaf, flower, and stem. Here I

differ from Geertner, who regards what I have described as the

rudiments of the flower and flower-stalk, as belonging to a second

undeveloped leaf. To this I object, that it would be a very

unusual circumstance, where there are the rudiments of two cor-

responding organs, that there should be so much dissimilarity

and disproportion between them. On the contrary, as a leaf

and a flower invariably arise from each joint of the stem, it is

most probable that I am correct in the description I have given.

This interesting plant was first made known to botanists by

Dr. Patrick Browne, an Irish physician, who resided for some

time in this island, and, as it would appear from his writings,

left it in 1754. During his residence, he devoted his attention

to the natural history of the Island. He published the result of

his observations in a folio volume, entitled “ The Civil and Natural

History of Jamaica, by Patrick Browne, M.D., illustrated with

forty-nine Copper-plates, by Ehret, London, 1789.” He informs

us, in page 343, that the Nr.umsrum, (or as he styles it

Nympu#a) the Hgyptian Bean, or Great Water-lily, was, m his

time, pretty common in the lagoons beyond the Ferry. “It

grows, he informs us, “in loose boggy ground, where the leaves

may stand in open air, while the roots and lower part of the

stems are plentifully supplied with moisture.” Dr. Browne

appears to have been under the impression that our plant was

identical with the sacred Water-ean of the Egyptians. Since

his time, the plant appears from some cause to have become

more scarce, and to have escaped the notice of the different

botanists who have visited this Island. It seems very unlikely that

Swartz, Bertero, as well as many others, should have met with

it and passed it over without some notice.

Since my arrival in the Island, I took every opportunity of

searching for the plant. Dr. M’Nab, also, and Mr. Purdie, the

collector for the Kew Gardens, now of Trinidad, frequently visited

the locality on a similar errand, passing through the canals of the

lagoon in a boat, without any success. arly in August, James

Dundas, Esq., (the manager of Taylor’s Caymanas Estate,) while

carrying out some improvements connected with the draining of

the land of that property in the vicinity of the lagoon, unex-

pectedly came upon this beautiful plant, and, as he had on

former occasions, assisted in the kindest manner, our searches

for it, he immediately concluded that he had at length lighted

on what we had been so long in search of. He collected

specimens of the flowers and other parts of the plant, and brought

them to my residence in Kingston. I doubt not every cultivator

of our “ fair science”’ must sympathise in the pleasure with which

I regarded this beautiful Water-Lily. How much more delightful

would be the surprise to encounter it in its native solitudes,

where the hand of Nature has planted and reared it, amid the

mangroves and the tall reeds, overshadowing with its magni-

ficent leaves and flowers the still waters of the lagoon, recalling

the description of Una in the Fairy Queen :—

Her angel-face

As the great eye of heaven shined bright

And made a sunshine in the shady place.”

Some general remarks on the Fuora ov Cryon ;

GEORGE GARDNER, Esq., F.L.S.

Director of the Royal Botanic Garden, Paradenia, Ceylon.

AutHouen Ceylon is celebrated for the luxuriant vegetation by

which it is covered, the plants which compose it are less known

to botanists than those, perhaps, of any other portion of India of

equal extent. While the history and uses of the vegetable pro-

ductions of the possessions of the East India Company, and most

of the islands of the Indian Archipelago, have been given to the

world by modern botanists, those of Ceylon are at the present

day nearly as little understood in Europe as they were one

hundred years ago, when Linneus published his “ Flora Zey-

lanica,” founded on collections which had been made in the

{sland by Hermann, a Dutch botanist, about seventy years be-

fore. It is true that during the last few years the descriptions

of several Ceylon plants have been published in different scien-

tific periodical publications, both by Indian and Buropean bo-

tanists ; but although a botanical institution has been maintained

in the colony, at the expense of Government, for upwards of

the last thirty years, those who have superintended it have done

almost nothing either for their own credit or the honour of the

establishment. Since the publication of the little book of Lin-

neus, the only work which has been produced on Ceylon botany

is the “Catalogue of Plants growing in Ceylon,” published in

1824, by Mr. Moon, who was the Superintendent of the Bo-

tanical Gardens,—a work which never was of much use, and

which is now quite obsolete, for being merely a catalogue, there

are no characters by which to recognise the species he has

enumerated. As connected with these observations, I may re-

mark that I am at present engaged in preparing a book which

will contain descriptions of all the vegetable productions indige-

nous to Ceylon, at least so far as I can obtain them, illustrated

with coloured figures of some of the more rare, beautiful, or

useful species. ‘This, however, will be a labour of several years

to come, as I have still to explore different parts of the Island,

the productions of which are totally unknown.

The vegetation of all countries has its general character de-

termined by two great principal causes—physical aspect and

climate. The former having already been detailed in the pre-

ceding geological sketch of the Island, I shall here offer a few

remarks on the latter. The two monsoons which occupy the

greater part of the year, materially influence the climate. That

from the south-west lasts generally from April to September,

while the north-east prevails from November to February, the

intervening periods being subject to variable winds and calms.

The western side of the Island, which is exposed to the south-

west monsoon, enjoys a humid and temperate climate, similar to

that of the Malabar coast ; while the eastern, which is open to the

north-east monsoon, has a hot and dry climate, similar to that

of the Coromandel coast. The seasons and climates of the south-

west and north-east portions of the Island are therefore very dif-

ferent. While on one side of the Island the rains are falling in

torrents, the other is suffering from drought ; and it not un-

frequently happens that the opposite sides of a single mountain

exhibit at the same time these opposite states of climate. —

The great variety of surface and of climate, then, which the

Island possesses, is favourable not only to a varied, but to a

luxuriant vegetation, especially in the central and southern dis-

tricts. From the study of plants, taken in connexion with

these circumstances and their various other physical conditions,

has originated the science of Botanical Geography, one of

the most interesting branches of botany, and which will no

doubt throw much light on the laws which have regulated the

production and dispersion of species. It is only of late years

that attention has been given to this subject; for, till the

natural productions of different parts of the surface of the

globe came to be investigated with the attention and accuracy

peculiar to the present age, naturalists rested satisfied with the

vague idea that all animals and vegetables had originally ra-

diated from a common centre; and that in the same parallels of

latitude the same species would be found. This we now know

not to be the case: it may be as safely asserted that every

large tract of country has had its own peculiar creation of both

plants and animals, as that two and two make four, the excep-

tions to this general rule being accounted for by disseminating

causes now in operation. In no other way can we account

for Europe having a totally different class of plants from that

part of North America which lies immediately opposite to it ;

or for the botany of Southern Africa bearing little or no resem-

blance to that of the same parallels in South America, or to

that of Australia; or for many small Islands, such as that of

St. Helena, possessing a vegetation totally different even from

that of the nearest continent. Islands, however, in general,

approach nearest in the nature of their productions to the

countries to which they most nearly range in a geographical point

of view, and this we shall find to be the case with Ceylon.

Both the climate and the soil of the maritime parts of

the western side of Ceylon being very similar to that of the

Malabar coast, we find that a large proportion of the plants

of both places are identical; and the same holds good with

reference to the northern and north-cast coasts of Ceylon and

the opposite Coromandel coast; although each district in

both countries possesses species peculiar to each. A. vegeta-

tion, more or less similar to that of the coast, extends inland

to the foot of the great mountain chain; but from thence

upwards, a very great change takes place, and almost every

thousand feet of elevation shows a vegetation which, though

merging into those immediately above and beneath it, offers

species which do not range beyond it. It is. at an elevation

of from 2,000 to 8,000 feet that the greater part of the

species of plants peculiar to Ceylon are to be found; but most

of these belong to forms, that is, to natural orders or genera,

which form part of the vegetation of neighbouring countries,

such as the Neelgherry mountains in the peninsula of India,

the Himalaya mountains, the high lands of Malacca, and of the

Eastern Islands, but more particularly Java; and I have lately

even met with a few species indicating an affinity with the

continent of Africa.

I shall now offer some remarks on the nature of the vegeta-

tion which characterizes the different botanical regions of the

Island. The truly littoral plants of all countries present: a greater

number of identical species in widely separated localities of the

same parallels, than those of any other. This, indeed, is to be

expected, from the fact that the ocean forms a ready medium for

their transmission from one country to another, by means of tides,

winds, and currents, while at the same time their seeds, unlike

those of most other plants, are not injured by immersion in salt

water. Most of the shrubs which inhabit the muddy shores of

the sea, and of the salt lagoons which are so numerous towards

the north of the Island, and which are known by the name of

Mangroves, belong to that natural order of plants which botanists

call Rhizophoree, a strictly intertropical tribe. My researches

have already yielded about half-a-dozen species, all of which

I find are common to Ceylon, the shores of the continent of

India, and of those of the Eastern Islands; and the same

is the case with a few other shrubs belonging to other tribes,

such as yiceras fragrans, which extends even to the shores

of Australia, Lpithinia Malayana, Pemphis acidula, Dilivaria

wlicifolia, Lumnitzera racemosa, Thespesia populnea (the Tulip-

tree of Ceylon), and Paritium tiliaceum, the last having a

far more extensive geographical range than any of the others,

for I possess specimens in my Herbarium from the shores of

the West Indies, Brazil, and the Sandwich Islands, besides

_ from various parts of India. The Cocoa-nut tree, which

gives so marked a feature to the west coast of Ceylon, and is

now so generally cultivated along the shores of all intertropical

countries, is essentially a sea-side plant, and has as good claims

to be considered indigenous to Ceylon as to any other part of

the world. The same observations that apply to the shrubs of

our shores, apply also to the herbaceous vegetation.

The great flat tract extending between the sea-shore and the

central mountain range, is possessed of a very extensive Flora ;

but as its general character is stamped by a few species which

are very numerous in individuals, it is to them chiefly that

my remarks apply. In this tract a very great proportion of

the species are identical with those of similar ones on the coasts

of Coromandel and Malabar. ‘The generally acid nature of its

soil, together with its much drier climate than that of the in-

terior, is well shown, especially in the Northern Province, by the

more wiry and stunted nature of the trees and bushes, their

prickly stems and branches, and the smaller size of their leaves,

together with a much greater proportion of fleshy shrubs, such

as Huphorbias, &c. The species which preponderate in indi-

viduals in the Northern Province, are different kinds of Acacia,

mostly very thorny, the Wood Apple (Feronia Hlephantum), Li-

monia alata, Salvadora Persica (the true Mustard-tree of Scrip-

ture, a tree which extends northward and westward to the Holy

Land, and which I was the first to point out as a native of

Ceylon), Carissa spinarum, Gmelina Asiatica, Pleurostyha

Wightii, Eugenia bracteata, Elaodendron Roxburgh, Ochna

squarrosa, Cassia Fistula, Cassia Rowburghii, and Memecylon

finctoria. These are chiefly shrubs and small trees. The

large trees, mostly of no great size, are two or three species

of Terminalia, Bassia longifolia, the Margosa (Azadirachta

Indica), the Satin-wood (Chloroxylon Swietenia), the Ceylon Oak

(Schleicheria trijuga), the Tamarind (Zamarindus Indica), and the

Palmyra (Borassus flabelliformis), which is particularly abundant

on the peninsula of Jaffna.* The mass of the herbaceous vege-

tation belongs to the natural orders Scrophularinee, Leguminose,

Rubiaceae, and Composite.

Proceeding southwards through this flat country, a consi-

derable difference in the general appearance of the vegetation is

observed, arising, no doubt, from the greater amount of rain

which falls durmg the course of the year. ‘The trees are not

only larger, but their foliage is heavier and of a darker hue ; and

the numerous Acacias, which give so striking a feature to the

north, almost disappear. Between Colombo and Galle, shrubs

belonging to the natural order Huphorbiacee are very numerous,

both im species and individuals, as well as a variety of Radiacee,

of which the beautiful Zzora coccinea is not the least common.

It is only in this range that the Pitcher-plant (Wepenthes distilla-

toria), which is not, however, peculiar to Ceylon, is met with,

growing in moist places and supporting itself among the bushes,

About Galle, and from thence inland, to the base of Adam’s Peak,

one of the most common shrubs is that which has been named,

in honour of. the great Humboldt—Hwumboldtia laurifolia; and

on the low hills near Galle, a few trees are met with, which,

farther north, do not exist under one thousand feet of elevation,

but this is easily accounted for by the greater atmospheric

moisture of that district. One of these trees is a new and re-

markable species of Durian (Durio Ceylanicus, Mihi.) 1 is in

this district that the greater number of the Sugar plantations of

Ceylon exist.

* Since the above was written, 1 have made a most important addition

to the trees of this region, and, indeed, to the Flora of the Island, in the

far-famed Upas tree of Java and the Moluccas (Antiaris toxicaria), having dis-

covered some fine large trees of it a few miles to the eastward of Kornegalle,

early in August of the present year (1847). This discovery proves how little

Sar gal of the vegetable productions % Ceylon had been attended

; it

Tas. 4356.

PRIMULA Srvartn.

Stuart's Primrose.

Nat. Ord.—PrimuLace®.—PENTANDRIA Monoeynia.

Gen. Char. Calyx subcampanulatus vel tubulosus, seepius angulatus vel infla-

tus, quinquedentatus vel quinquefidus. Corolla hypogyna, infundibuliformis

vel hypocraterimorpha, tubo cylindraceo, brevi vel elongato, ad faucem dilatato,

limbo quinquefido, laciniis obtusis, emarginatis vel bifidis. Stamina quinque,

corollz tubo inserta, ejusdem laciniis opposita, inclusa ; filamenta brevissima ;

anthere oblonge, biloculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium globosum,

uniloculare, placenta basilari substipitata. Ovula plurima, punctato-rugosa,

-peltatim amphitropa, dorso plana, ventre convexa. Capsuda ovata quinquevalvis,

valvulis integris aut bifidis apice tantum dehiscentibus. Semina minima, nume-

rosa. Hmbryo in axi albuminis carnosii—Herbe ix Huropa et Asia imprimis

alpicole, in America boreali rare, foliis plerumque radicalibus, scapo simplici,

floribus wmbellatis, involucratis, sepissime speciosis. Endlicher et Duby.

Priwvuta Stuartii; foliis levibus planis late lanceolatis acutis glaberrimis subtus

farina lutea obtectis argute serratis interdum margine revolutis in petiolum

late alatum basi dilatatum membranaceum subvaginantem subcoarctatis,

scapo crasso glabro foliis longiore sub involucro farinoso, involucri*multi-

flori polyphylli pedicellos subzquantis et illis interdum brevioris foliolis

inequalibus e basi anguste lanceolata acuminato-elongatis obtusiusculis,

calycis farinacei campanulato-tubulosi subultra-quinquefidi tubo dimidio

brevioris laciniis lanceolatis subacutis, corolla hypocraterimorphe lobis

obrotundis subcrenulatis vix emarginatis. Duby.

Primvuta Stuartii, Wall. Fl. Ind. v. 2. p.20. Duby in DC. Prodr. v. 8. p. 41.

This beautiful perennial herbaceous Primrose is a native of

the mountainous parts of India, having been gathered at Gossain-

Than in Nepal, by Wallich, and on the Himalayah, at an eleva-

tion of 9,000 feet, by Royle, who speaks of it as giving a rich

yellow glow to those regions. The plant, from which the figure

was taken, flowered in the garden of the Edinburgh Horticultural

Society, under the superintendence of Mr. James M‘Nab, during

the summer of 1847, having been presented by the late Sheriff

Spiers, in whose garden at Granton House it was raised from

seeds, sent from India by Major Grant, 9th Lancers, during the

spring of 1845. It was planted in a north exposed border, in

the summer of 1846, in a mixture of loam and peat. It stood

MARCH Ist, 1848. D

the winter of 1846-47 unprotected, and without any artificial

covering except its own decayed leaves. The plant did not

produce seed.

Duscr. Plant about sixteen inches high. Zeaves ten or eleven

inches long, numerous, radical, erect, smooth, broadly lanceolate,

acute, shining above, covered below with a yellowish mealy

matter, or farina, (the grains of which are supported on short

cellular prolongations), gradually ending in a sheathing petiole

which is deeply hollowed on its upper surface ; margins of leaves

slightly undulated with close sharp serratures, which occasionally

point downwards and are somewhat revolute at the point ; mid-

rib very prominent on the lower side, grooved on the upper, not

covered with mealiness. Vernation revolute. Scape umbellate

with numerous flowers, longer than the leaves, covered for

about half its length from below the poimt where the pedicels

diverge, with a pale, sulphur-yellow farina, similar to that on the

leaves. Involucre polyphyllous, leaflets (one of which is at the

base of each pedicel) lanceolate, from half to three quarters of an

inch long, and shorter than the pedicels which are from one inch

to one inch and a quarter in length. Calyx gamosepalous, five-

cleft, campanulato-tubular, covered with farina, its segments

lanceolato-acute. Corolla yellow, gamopetalous, salver-shaped,

its tube twice as long as the calyx, narrow about the middle,

and then expanding in a somewhat campanulate manner near its

union with the limb, where there is a marked contraction ; limb

of an orange tint towards the centre of the flower, with five

grooves at the part where it joins the tube, having five segments,

which are rounded, waved, somewhat crenate, covered with

minute capitate hairs. Stamens five, attached to the corolla,

free part of filaments very short, anthers opening longitudinally,

introrse ; pollen spherical. Ovary rounded, oblong, having an

appearance of ten teeth at its apex, indicating five bidentate

carpels ; style round; stigma capitate, obscurely five-lobed with a

depression in the centre; placenta free, central, with numerous

rows of amphitropal ovules.

W. Batrour.

Fig. 1. Section of the tube of the corolla, showing the pistil and stamens.

2. Pistil:—magnified. (The drawing ; ke "

communicated by Professor Balfour). as well as the description are kindly

ee SEE ee LT ee ee ee ee ee

Tas. 4357.

OROTHAMNUS Zeryvuert.

Mr. Zeyher’s Orothamnus.

Nat. Ord. ProTeace#®.—TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Char. OROTHAMNUS, Pappe, MS. Involucrum universale membra-

naceum, polyphyllum, corollatum, calyces et stigmata superans. Receptaculwm

commune planum, paleis filiformibus tectum, Cadyz corollinus distincte 4-partitus,

regularis, laciniis staminiferis basi coalitis. Stylus subulato-filiformis, stigmate

angustato, cylindraceo, deciduo. Nua sessilis ventricosa, immatura tenuissime

puberula. Pappe.

OrotHAMNus Zeyheri.

OrotHamNnus Zeyheri. Pappe, MS.

We have on several occasions had reason to lament the loss

to our collections of many Cape Profeacee, which were once

well known in our gardens :—they seem to have died out and

have not been replaced; and we may now express our regret

that the present superb species has not yet been introduced —

alive to our collections. That it will be so ere long, we feel

confident; and until that period arrives our subscribers will

not be sorry to see a faithful representation, made from a

living plant at the Cape, by Mr. Villett, of the present truly

beautiful new Proteacea, kindly sent to us by Dr. Pappe with

the accompanying generic character and description. The

plant was discovered lately by Mr. Zeyher in marshy places, on

the summit of Hottentot’s-Holland mountains, flowering in the

month of July. We have tested the accuracy of the figure by a

comparison with a specimen communicated at the same time ;

but we have not had the means of making a full analysis of the

flowers. In the system, as Dr. Pappe justly remarks, it will

rank next to Mimetes.

Descr. A shrub, six to eight feet high, erect, the branches

purplish, villous. Zeaves alternate on the branches, sessile,

imbricated, numerous, entire, elliptic, membranaceous, externally

convex, within concave, obsoletely veined, pellucido-punctate,

glabrous, margined with purple, an inch, or an inch andahalf _

MARCH Ist, 1848. D2

long, the apex with a coloured, callous, reflexed pomt. Capztula

one to three or more at the extremity of a branch, drooping,

bracteated. Leaves of the cnvolucre distinct at the base, mem-

branaceous, petaloid, rose-red : the ewterior larger, oblong-obovate,

obtuse, veined, glabrous within, externally and at the margin

villous: the zz¢erior ones smaller, lanceolate, acuminate, very

vilious. Bracteas similar to the leaves, imbricated, oblong-

lanceolate, externally glabrous, glossy, externally and at the

margins densely villous. Lacinie of the calyx villous, bearded

at the points, a little shorter than the style. Sty/e deciduous,

filiform, glabrous ; stigma coloured, apiculate. Pappe.

4EIEB.

mag AN) i i

“i,

« a wet

‘i Pe

Tan. 4358.

MAMILLARIA Crava.

Club-shaped Mamillaria.

Nat. Ord. Cactra.—Icosanpr1a Monoeynia.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus ovario adherens ; Jodi 5-6 colorati fructum juniorem

coronantes. Petala 5-25 a calyce vix distincta, eo longiora et cum sepalis in

tubum conereta. Stamina filiformia, pluriserialia. Stylus filiformis. Stigma

3-7-radiatum. Bacca levis oblonga. Semina nidulantia. Cotyledones minute,

acuminatee.—Suffrutices carnosi subrotundi, aut cylindracei, lactescentes, aut succo

limpido repleti, aphylli, tuberculis subconicis mammeaformibus spiraliter dispositis,

apice spinulas radiantes et tomentum deciduum gerentibus obtecti. Flores inter

asin mamillarum sessiles, sepius in zonam transversam dispositi. Bacca obovata,

edulis, calyce marcescente, demum deciduo, coronata. Pfeiff.

Mamiiaria Clava; simplex erecta clavato-columnaris glauco-viridis, axillis

tomentosis, mamillis undique insertis maximis elongatis angulato-pyrami-

datis erecto-patentibus, areolis terminalibus tomentosis, aculeis rectis elongatis

corneis radiantibus 8-11-12, centrali 1 longiore robustiore, floribus termi-

nalibus 2-3 majusculis, petalis stramineis apicibus serratis apiculatis exte-

rioribus rubescentibus.

MAMILLARIA Clava. “Pfeiff. in Otto et Dietr. Allgem. Gartenzing. v.8. p. 282.”

Walp. Repert, Bot. v.2. p. 259.

A very striking species of Mamillaria, remarkable for its

columnar rather than clavate form, its very prominent mamilla

and large, glossy, straw-coloured flowers. It was received at the

Royal Gardens of Kew under the name here retained, though it

does not entirely correspond with the brief character of the plant

given by Walpers, of which, moreover, the flowers seem to be

unknown to the author. Still I preserve the name; or upon

similar grounds, almost every species of the genus might be

discarded ; so difficult is it in words to define the characters of

these strange and curious plants. It flowers in June.

Descr. Our specimen of this plant is a foot high, columnar,

simple, of a glaucous green colour, studded as it were on all

sides with large, projecting, and ascending mamille, of a pyra-

midal form, with bluntly angled sides, densely downy with

white wool in the axils: the areo/e terminal or subterminal,

woolly, and bearing besides from eight to eleven straight,

_ MARCH, Ist, 1848.

spreading, long, rigid spines, of a pale brown colour, and a single

longer and stronger central one. From the extremity of this

plant the flowers appear, two or three, large, handsome, showy :

the base is occupied by green, imbricated scales, tipped with red,

considered the calyx, and then gradually pass into the copious,

spreading, straw-coloured, glossy, linear-oblong, or subspathulate

petals, serrated and mucronated at the apex; of which the more

exterior, however, are entire and tinged with dull red. Stamens

numerous, orange colour. Sfy/e rather longer than the stamens :

rays of the stigma six, yellow.

Tas. 4359.

ACHIMENES ocertuata.

kyeletted Achimenes.

Nat. Ord. GesNeRIACEe.—-DipyNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4312.)

AcuiMENES ocellata ; elata erecta subsimplex, caule superne pubescenti-scabra,

foliis sublonge petiolatis ovatis acuminatis grosse serratis rugosis asperis

subtus coloratis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis folio multo brevioribns

infra medium bibracteatis, floribus nutantibus, calycis tubo ovario omnino

adnato, corolla: tubo campanulato, lobis rotundatis subzequalibus patentibus

ocellatis, glandulis epigynis 5 zqualibus basi unitis.

Roots of this beautiful new <Achimenes were sent from the

Isthmus of Panama, by the Government Collector and Naturalist

of H.M.S. Herald, Mr.Seemann ; and they produced their bright

coloured flowers in the winter of 1847-8, in the stove of the

Royal Gardens. In the early spring, however, let it be remarked,

after our plate was finished, the blossoms became much more

brilliant, of a deep vermillion, but with less of the white round

the black dots; so that the name was less characteristic. It

promises to be a great ornament to our collections, and will, in

the summer, we carinot doubt, flourish best in a cool greenhouse.

The leaves, too, are handsome, and of a very full green colour,

purple below ; and a deeper purple is on the stems and petioles.

Descr. Roots small, tuberous, by which it is readily increased.

Stems erect, one or two feet high, subterete, deep purple, above |

pubescenti-scabrous, the hairs appressed. Leaves opposite, large,

ovate, acuminate, copiously reticulated with veins and wrinkled,

the under-side purple, the margin coarsely serrated ; the upper-

side dark shining green, scabrous. Pefioles an inch or more

long, rather thick, purple. Peduncles red, erect, slender, much

shorter than the leaves, about as long as the internodes, having

& pair of small, frequently unequal, green bracteas at the base.

Calye hairy ; ¢vbe turbmate, red, adherent with the ovary ;

lacinie@ broadly subulate, green, spreading. Corolla drooping,

bright red, pubescent; the tube campanulate, the limb of five

MARCH Ist, 1848.

nearly equal, rounded, entire, spreading segments, rather copi-

ously marked with white * spots, bearing a black dot in the

centre (whence the specific name). Stamens a little longer

than the tube. Azthers white, slightly cohering in two pairs :

the rudiment of a fifth stamen is present. Sty/e shorter than

the stamens, thick, downy, with five nearly equal g/ands at the

base, united into a ring. Stigma somewhat oblique, bifid.

* The white of these spots, at a more advanced season, was almost obsolete.

Fig 1. Pistil. 2. Corolla, laid open :—magnified.

Tas. 4360.

SIDA (ABUTILON) INTEGERRIMA.

Entire-leaved Sida.

Nat. Ord. Matvacrs.—MonoprELpHia POLYANDRIA,

Gen. Char, (Vide supra, Tas. 4227.)

Sip integerrina ; subarborea, foliis orbiculari-cordatis breviter acuminatis supra

glabris subtus stellato-pubescentibus subtomentosis 5—7-nerviis omnino in-

tegerrimis longe petiolatis, stipulis lineari-subulatis deciduis, pedunculis

in axillis supremis foliorum solitariis unifloris petiolo longioribus infra

apicem articulatis, calyce stellato-tomentoso hemispherico 5-lobo subquin-

quangulato lobis triangulari-acuminatis erectis rigidis, corolle speciose

petalis oblique obovato-cuneatis retusis flavis basi macula aurantiaca, ovario

globoso, styli ramis 11.

Matvacea. Funcke, Herb. Nov. Grenad. n. 153. Landen, ejusd. n. 1508.

_An old inhabitant of the stove of the Royal Gardens, but of

whose history nothing has been preserved: by specimens, how-

ever, in my Herbarium, from Funcke and Linden, I learn that it

is unquestionably a native of New Grenada. Its nearest affinity

1s perhaps Sida graveolens (Bot. Mag. t. 4134), from which it~

is abundantly distinguished by its larger size, perfectly entire

leaves, different vestiture, differently formed calyx, much greater

spread of the flowers, and by the well-defined deep orange spots

quite confined to the base of the petals. It flowers in May, and

is really one of the handsomest species of the genus.

Descr. The plant, in our stove, forms a small tree, fourteen

to sixteen feet high, much branched above: the young branches

are stellate-pubescent, almost tomentose. eaves large, on long

Sootstalks, a little swollen at their base, orbicular-cordate, shortly

acuminate, five to seven-nerved, quite entire at the margin, firm

i texture, glabrous above, except in the young foliage, almost

stellato-tomentose beneath. Sfipudes linear-subulate, soon turning

brown and deciduous. Peduncles confined to the axils of the

superior leaves, longer than the petioles, solitary, single-flowered,

a little dilated upwards and articulated below the apex. Calyx

hemispherical, tomentose, rather lax, obtuse at the base, five-

MARCH Isr, 1848,

Tas. 4361.

ARISTOLOCHIA aneuicipa.

Snake- Aristolochia, or Birthwort.

Nat. Ord. ArISTOLOCHIACE®.—GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4221.)

ARISTOLOCHIA anguicida; caule volubili striato, foliis brevi-petiolatis cordato-

acuminatis basi sinu profundo angusto, stipulis cordato-rotundatis amplexi-

caulibus, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris flore longioribus, perian-

thii tubo basi inflato globoso reliquo infundibuliformi ore dilatato obliquo,

labio deflexo e basi dilatata lineari-attenuato tubo sublongiore.

ARISTOLOCHIA anguicida. Jacq. Ameen. p. 232. t. 144. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1362.

H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. 0.2. p. 166. Spreng. Syst. Veget, v. 3. p. 751.

A singular and very little known species of Birthwort, native

of New Grenada. Jacquin discovered it at Carthagena. Our

Collector, Mr. Purdie, sent it to the Royal Gardens of Kew,

where it first flowered in December, 1845. As the natives of

North America employ the 4. serpentaria (which M. Bosc says

is one of the most active sudorifics known) for destroying

serpents, and also for curing persons bitten by those reptiles, so

the natives of South America (New Grenada) employ this for

similar purposes. “The juice of the root,” according to Jacquin,

“mixed with the saliva by mastication, renders powerless a

serpent of moderate size, if one or two drops are put into the

mouth of the creature, when it may be handled for several

hours and put into the bosom with impunity; but after a time

the animal recovers: a larger quantity, however, occasions its

death.” Jacquin attributes to the odour of the root the faculty

of driving away serpents when they approach this plant; and |

he also relates that the juice, applied to the recent bite of a

serpent, or taken internally, infallibly cures the patient.

Descr. Stems long, slender, twining, striated. Zeaves distant,

on rather long, slender petioles, two to four inches long, cordato-

acuminate, with a deep sinus at the base, entire. Sfipules large,

between cordate and rotundate, amplexicaul. Peduncles axillary,

solitary, almost as long as the leaf, bearing a single flower, in

MARCH Ist, 1848.

shape not much unlike our European 4. Clematitis, but in colour

very different. The base of the perianth is inflated, globose,

almost white, the rest of the tube is infundibuliform, narrow

below, white, spotted and reticulated with brown, the mouth

dilated, oblique; the lip deflexed, longer than the tube, from a

broad base gradually tapering to a blunt point, dashed and

transversely streaked with rich brown.

Fig. 1. Column of Stamen and stigma :—magnified.

ie ee.

4362.

Fitch del et hth

Reeve Ranham & Reeve.p-

Tas. 4362.

CUPHEA sILENorpEs.

Catchfly Cuphea.

Nat. Ord, LytHrartna.—Doprcanpria Monoaynia.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4208.)

Cupnea silenoides ; caule ramoso adscendente una cum calycibus setis patentibus

fuscis hispido glutinosoque, foliis oppositis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis basi

acutis hirtis supra viscosissimis, floribus ad axillas in ramulo brevi subspi-

catis secundis, calyce tubuloso elongato, petalis rotundatis stipitatis binis

duplomajoribus, ‘capsula octosperma. Nees.

Cupuea silenoides. Nees in Linnea, v.10. Literbl. p.71. Walp. Repert. Bot.

v. 2. p. 107.

A rather showy, hardy annual; if one may use the expression

of showy for a copiously flowering plant, whose blossoms are

conspicuous but not brilliant; much more conspicuous, indeed,

than that species of Si/ene, from which its specific name may be

supposed to be derived, S. guinguevulnera. It was introduced

some years ago to the Botanic Garden of Breslau, from Mexico,

by Dr. Nees Von Esenbeck, through Mr. De Berghes, and has

since become common in our gardens. It is well suited for a

flower border, and an entire bed filled with it has a very pretty

effect. The seeds are best raised in a hot-bed.

Drscr. A much branching p/ant, about a foot high, in almost

every part clothed with spreading hairs (most copious on the

_ calyces), tipped with a viscid gland. Leaves opposite, lanceolate,

entire, obtuse, scarcely an inch long. Peduncles short, solitary,

single-flowered, from the axils of the upper leaves, and there

forming a leafy raceme, each with two reflexed bracteas. Calyz-

tube ved, elongated, cylindrical, furrowed, the mouth very hairy,

with a blunt spur-like projection at the base above; the imé

of six spreading segments, of which five are short and acute, the

sixth (superior one) elongated and bifid: in the sinuses of the

six segments is a small scale, with spreading, stellated, viscid

hairs. Petals five, spreading, rotundate, stipitate ; four (lower

ones) smaller, deep blood-purple colour : two upper ones much

MARCH Ist, 1848. :

larger, of the same colour, but pale at the margin. Stamen

reaching to the mouth of the tube of the calyx. Ovary ona

globose gland. Style subulate, included.

_ Fig. 1. Flower from which the petals are removed. 2. Calyx laid open :—

The east side of the Island being much drier than the west,

its vegetation has more the character of that of the Northern

province than of the opposite coast. It must, however, be re-

marked that, with the exception of the immediate neighbourhood

of Trincomalee and of Batticaloa, the eastern side of the Island

is a ferra incognita to the Botanist.

Generally speaking, the first two thousand feet of the moun-

tain range are covered with a dense forest of large trees, cha-

racterized by foliage of a much larger size than the low-country

forests, and nearly of a uniform dark green colour; except,

indeed, when the large Iron-wood tree (A/eswa Ceylanica) is

putting forth its young leaves, which are blood red, and at that

season give a remarkable aspect to the scene. To the general

observer the trees of the next two thousand feet appear little

different from those of the first; but the eye of the Botanist

can at once detect many species peculiar to each. The mass

of the herbaceous vegetation of both is made up of Feras,

Scitaminee, Urticacee, Cyrtandree and Composite. One of

the most marked features of the second two thousand feet is

the existence of large open grassy tracts on the sides of the

hills, to which the natives give the name of Pattanas. Such.

tracts extend to the highest parts of the island, differing more

or less at different elevations in the nature of their vegetation.

Scattered through the lower ones, and giving them an orchard-

like appearance, are two trees almost peculiar to them. They

are the Careya arborea, and Emblica officinalis. The herba-

ceous vegetation consists chiefly of numerous tall coarse grasses,

growing chiefly in tufts; the most common is the Lemon-Grass

(Andropogon schoenanthus), intermingled with several Composite,

principally consisting of several species of Blumea, Knowia corym-

bosa, the representative of the old and accurate historian of

Ceylon, the broom-like Atylosia Candollit, and Impatiens Bal-

samina, the origin of the common garden balsam. On the

forest land of this tract the principal Coffee estates have been

established.

The next two thousand feet, which bring us to an elevation

of 6,000 feet above the level of the sea, and into a region which

has a much lower temperature than any of the preceding, is still

covered with forest having occasional patches of Pattana, but

both give support to a very different vegetation. The trees are

much smaller, closer together, and have their stems and branches

covered with pendulous masses of lichens and mosses, and many

kinds of small Orchidee@. ‘Their leaves are mostly small; and

their varied tints remind one of the autumnal forests of more

temperate climes. ‘The under vegetation consists of numerous

beautiful herbaceous and suffruticose Balsams (/ipatiens), a

great variety of suffruticose Acanthacee (Nilu), lovely and deli-

cate Ferns of all sizes, from those scarcely a few inches in

height to tree ones which throw up their stems surmounted

by large masses of verdant fronds to 21 elevation often of twenty

feet, and rivalling in gracefulness the Palms of the low country.

In this range the lovely Tree-Rhododendron, so common m

more elevated tracts, first makes its appearance. ‘The Pattanas

at this elevation are more spongy in their nature than those

below: the grasses peculiar to them grow closer together, and

are smaller and more wiry in their texture; while the scattered

shrubs are principally species of Hedyotis, and Osbeckia, the

latter producing beautiful large rose-coloured flowers.

The two thousand feet which succeed to these include the most

elevated portions of the island, and embrace chiefly the mountam-

tops, and the vallies or plains which divide them. The vegetation

of this region has a still more alpine aspect, and is that which

is possessed of the greatest interest to the Botanist, from the

great number of European forms mixed up with those whose

range does not extend beyond the tropics. The tree that first

claims our attention in this range is the Rhododendron, not

only from its great beauty, but from its vast abundance ; espe-

cially in the open plains, which during the months of June and

July are clouded with red from the great profusion of its

blossoms. I have met with two well-marked varieties, if they

are not, indeed, distinct species, of this tree. One is principally

seen in the plains, or in their wooded margins, and is easily

recognized by the rusty-coloured under-side of its leaves. It

is the variety common on the open plains of the Neilgherry

range of mountains, in the penmsula of India. The other

variety, so far as I am aware, is peculiar to Ceylon, and always

found in the forest, and at a greater elevation than the other.

It is distinguished by its greater size, and the silvery under-

side of its leaves, which are besides narrow and rounded at

the base, not broad and cordate. Several fine trees of this

variety occur on the ascent of Pedrotalagalla from Nuwera-Ellia,

and close to the temple on the summit of Adam’s Peak ; but the

finest I have met with in my excursions among the mountains of

the interior, were in crossing over Totapella, where there is a large

forest of them, many being from 50 to 70 feet in height, and with

stems more than three feet in diameter. In these forests are

also to be met with some four or five species of Wichelia, the

representatives of the Magnolias of North America, several arbo-

Tas. 4363.

GOLDFUSSIA ISOPHYLLA.

LEqual-leaved Goldfussia.

Nat. Ord. ACANTHACE®.—DImpYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char, Cal, 5-partitus, subequalis. Cor. infundibuliformis, limbo quinque-

fido obtuso equali. Stamina inclusa, didynama, humiliora spe brevissima

reflexa. Anthere nutantes; loculi in connectivo uncinato glanduloso obliqui,

ovati, membranacei. Stigma simplex, subulatum, altero latere crenatum, irri-

tabile. Capsula sexangularis, bivalvis, a dissepimento facile solubilis, loculis

infernis dispermis. Semina discoidea, retinaculis subtensa.—Frutices Indie

orientalis, foliis serratis penninervibus curvinervibus, nervis omnibus apicem patenti-

bus, nec vero attingentibus. Flores pauci in capitulo bibracteolati, bracteis deci-

duis, rarius spicati ; spica post delapsas bracteas magis elongata. Capitula pedun-

culata, pedunculo simplici v. diviso. Nees.

GoLpFussIA isophylla; foliis lanceolatis zqualibus remote serrulatis septupli-

nerviis. Nees.

Gotprvssta isophylla. Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. v. 3. p. 88; in De Cand.

Prodr, v.11. p. 176.

Ruewira, Wall. Cat, n. 7162.

A species in many respects allied to the well-known Goldfussia

anisophylla (Bot. Mag. t.3404), but at once distinguished, as

the name implies, by the pairs of leaves being alike; whereas in

the last mentioned species there is a singular disparity, for,

while one of each pair is larger and broader than any of G. iso-

phylla, the other and opposite one is reduced to a subulate scale.

The flowers here, too, though rather smaller, are more copious,

and the plant being bushy, its numerous blue flowers render it

a most desirable inmate of a stove during winter, the season of

blossoming. It is a native of the East Indies, and was intro-

duced by Dr. Wallich. :

Dezscr. A low bushy shrub, two or three feet high, copiously

branched and spreading: branches acutely tetragonal, slightly

swollen at the joints. Zeaves opposite, glabrous, on short

petioles, spreading, narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, remotely denti-

culato-serrate, with about six principal, lateral, oblique nerves,

besides the costa, which, I presume, is what Nees von Esenbeck

APRIL Ist, 1848. E

intends to imply by the term “ septuplinervia.” Peduwncles much

shorter than the leaves, axillary, solitary, leafy or naked, gene-

rally bearing about three flowers, sessile at their apex. Corolla

more or less nutant, thin, with many plice, variegated blue and

white, funnel-shaped, curved, the lower part of the ‘ude con-

tracted: mouth oblique, of five nearly equal, rounded, emarginate

lobes. Stamens included, hairy, lower ones very short: Axthers

drooping, rounded. Ovary oblong, seated on a cup-shaped

gland. Style subulate, hairy.

Fig. 1. Stamens, as seen within the corolla. 2. One of the lower stamens.

3. Pistil :—smagnified.

4GBO%.

we a

= — “es

Z ty”

ie Dy

<a Jol hy,

2 eae

Tas. 4364.

SMEATHMANNIA puwBEscens.

Downy Smeathmannia.

Nat. Ord. PasstrLorE®.—PoLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4194.)

SMEATHMANNIA pubescens ; ramis junioribus petiolis (basi glandulosis) costa

subtus pedunculis calycibusque ferrugineo-sericeis, foliis oblongis sinuato-

dentatis basi obtusis, sepalis petalisque acutis, urceolo barbato.

SMEATHMANNIA pubescens. Br. in Linn. Trans. v.13. p.221 (in note). De Cand.

Prodr. v. 3. p. 322.

BuLowz1a insignis? Thonn. in Pl. Guin. v. 2. p. 21.

At Tab. 4194 we represented the rare Smeathmannia laevigata

and now we have the satisfaction of figuring and describing the

equally scarce S. pubescens, Br., a native of the same country,

viz., Sierra Leone, and imported by the same nobleman, Lord

Derby, through the same medium, Mr. Whitfield. It flowered,

probably for the first time in Europe, in the stove in the Royal

Gardens of Kew, in February, 1848. It is a more showy species

than S. /evigata, having larger leaves and larger blossoms, the

latter equally destitute of fragrance.

Duscr. A tall shrub: branches terete, the younger ones, as

well as the petioles, costa of the leaves beneath, peduncles and

exterior sepals, clothed with silky ferruginous hairs. Leaves

alternate, shortly petioled, oblong, coriaceous, glossy, acute,

penninerved, sinuato-dentate, obtuse at the base. Petioles

scarcely two lines long, thick, with from two to four pedicellated

glands on each side of the base, shining, dark green, and very

conspicuous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, short, single-flowered.

Flowers large, white. Perianth of ten pieces or sepals, in two

rows, the outer of which might be considered the calyx, but

that they gradually pass into petals, the exterior sepa/ green,

three-ribbed and hairy, the rest gradually more petaloid; the

imner white, all of them acute and spreading. Urceolus cup-

APRIL Ist, 1848. E2

shaped, beautifully fringed at the mouth. Ovary ovato-globose,

hairy. Stamens about twenty, longer than the ovary, but shorter

than the five filiform sty/es, which, each, terminate in a globose,

peltate, downy stigma.

Fig. 1. Ureeolus, stamen, and pistil :—magnified.

Tas. 4365.

LOPIMIA maLacopHyLLa.

Soft-leaved Lopimia.

Nat. Ord. Matvacr#®.—MoNnADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

Gen. Char. LOPIMIA, Mart. Involucellum calyciforme, ovatum, subventri-

eosum, primum (in aspectu) monophyllum, striatum, apice irregulariter 3—-5-fidum,

demum polyphyllum, ore contracto, corolle basin amplexante, calycem multoties

superans: foliolis 16-20, setaceis, liberis, approximatis, subconniventibus.

Calyx minutus, 5-dentatus, membranaceus. Petala cuneato-spathulata, obliqua,

limbo horizontaliter patente. Colwmna staminea elongata, cylindracea. Anthere

30-40, duplici serie insertee. Stigmata 10. Capsula pentacocca, “ coccis clausis

mucilagine viscidulo illinitis.”

Lopimt1a malacophylla.

Loprmra malacophylla. Mart. in Nov. Act. Bonn. v.11. p.96. De Cand. Prodr.

v. 1. p. 458.

Stpa malacophylla. Link et Otto, Ic. Hort. Berol. t. 30.

Pavonia velutina. S¢. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. v.1. p. 233.

Sent from New Grenada by Mr. Purdie, to the Royal Gardens

of Kew, where it flowers freely during the winter and spring

months, and is far from being unornamental. There is a pecu-

liar aspect in this plant among the Malvacee, which seems to

confirm the correctness of Martius’s views in making of it a new

genus; although St. Hilaire, in his valuable ‘ Flora Brasilia

meridionalis,’. refers it, and perhaps with justice, to Pavonia. A

casual inspection, indeed, would lead us to take the involucre of

the flower for a calyx, as Link and Otto have done, and then we

appear to have the characters of Sida. But a more careful inves-

tigation shows that the supposed calyx is a true involucre of many

Setaceous leaflets, which for a time cohere, apparently in conse-

quence of the copious hairs, and afterwards become distinct ;

and within it will be seen the minute cup-shaped calyx, so

small, indeed, that but for its situation, external with regard to

the corolla, it might be taken for a hypogynous gland.

Descr. A shrub, three to five feet high in our stove, with

rounded, downy, herbaceous dranches. Leaves rather ample,

APRIL Ist, 1848.

cordate, acute, petiolate, crenato-dentate, very soft and downy

on both sides. Stipules subulate, green, deciduous. Peduncles

axillary, solitary or two or three together, shorter than the leaves,

bracteated at the base, erect. Znvolucre, at first exactly resem-

bling a calyx, ovate, somewhat inflated, densely hairy or tomen-

tose, striated, the mouth contracted, embracing the lower part of

the corolla, unequally three to five-toothed, eventually separating

into fifteen or twenty subulate Jeaflets. Calyx exceedingly

minute, cup-shaped, membranaceous, five-toothed, hairy. Petals

five, long, cuneato-spathulate, oblique, rose-red, streaked with

white in their lower half: the imé patent. Staminal tube as

long as the petals, striated. Anthers several, in two rows. Style

filiform, the length of the stamens ; stigmas ten. Ovary of five

lobes.

Fig. 1. Calyx and pistil. 2. Calyx laid open :—magnijied.

oa a

pineal catty oo ectidalns

SA cians

F3OO.

Reeve, Benham & Reeve, imp

Tas. 4366.

STROBILANTHES tacrartus.

Milky-leaved Strobilanthes.

Nat. Ord. AcanTHAcCE®.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. Cal. subeequalis, ad basin 5-partitus, laciniis herbaceis linearibus.

Cor. infundibuliformis, tubo in limbum campanulatum non abrupte transeunte,

lacinie squales v. subsequales, limbo raro subbilabiato, rotundate y. emarginate.

Stam. 4, didynama, faucium medio inserta, plerumque non prominentia. Fila-

menta omnia in quibusdam basi membrana conjuncta, monadelpha; in una

specie (S. decurrente) accedit rudimentum filamenti quinti. Anthere oblonge,

mutice, loculis parallelis contiguis eequalibus in quibusdam basi divergentibus,

connectivo latiore unde anthera sagittata. Stigma subulatum, incurvum v. invo-

lutum, dorso spongiolosum, canaliculatum. Capsula columnaris, tetragona, fere

ad basin bilocularis, in medio tetrasperma. Dissepimentum tenue, sursum in-

completum, adnatum, a valvulis quandoque solubile. Semina discoidea, angulata,

in ambitu utrinque areolata, angulo juxta hilum magis prominulo, retinaculis

uncinatis suffulta——Frutices e¢ Herbe Indie Orientalis. Spice magis minusve

dense, axillares terminalesque, erecte, cernue v. nutantes. Bractee foliacee

v. foliaceo-membranacee, persistentes v. caduce floresque denudantes, Bracteole

parve, quandoque nulla, Flores e majoribus teneri, cerulei v. allt. Decsne.

SrrosrLaNntuEs Jactatus; suffruticosus, ramis obtuse tetragonis subteretibus,

foliis ovatis acuminatis basi acutis breviter petiolatis integerrimis glabris

medio per totam suam longitudinem albicantibus, pedunculis solitariis axil-

laribus vel terminalibus subbifloris bibracteatis, bracteis foliaceis, corolla

pallide purpureo-albz limbo plicato, filamentis liberis.

RvELira grandis. Hortulan.

Received from the Nursery of Mr. Low, of Clapton, under the

name of Ruellia grandis, which seems to be no-where published,

and by no means characteristic of the plant. It is in all proba-

bility a native of the East Indies, and has the merit of enlivening

the stove with its pretty pale purplish-white blossoms, during

the dead months of winter. It does not appear to be a species

taken up by the learned Nees von Esenbeck. Its flowers, indi-

vidually, a good deal resemble those of S. Sabinianus (Bot. Mag.

t.3517) ; but the inflorescence is totally different ; and the leaves

are prettily variegated with white down the centre, looking as

if milk had been accidentally spilled upon them.

APRIL Ist, 1848,

Dezscr. Our plant scarcely equals a foot in height, branched ;

the dranches herbaceous, very obtusely four-angled. Leaves

shortly petiolate, glabrous, ovate, acuminate, acute at the base,

entire or slightly sinuated, purplish beneath, dark green above,

with a broad white or milky line down the centre. Peduncles

about two-flowered, each flower has a pair of leafy dracteas.

Corolla with the tube funnel-shaped, contracted at the base.

Limb of five nearly equal, spreading, obtuse segments. Sfamens

included. Filaments tree. Anthers \mear-oblong. Style filiform.

Stigma oblique, subulate.

Fig. 1. Pistil. 2. Stamens :—magnijied.

4367 |

Witch, del et Lith .

Reeve, Benkaza & Reeve imp.

Pay” Neel

i ay

Tas. 4367.

OXYPETALUM sotanorpkEs.

Solanum-like Oxypetalum.

Nat. Ord. AscLEPIADE#.—PENTANDRIA DiGyNIA.

Gen. Char. Cal. 5-partitus, sepalis lanceolatis acutis. Corolla tubo campanu-

lato brevi; limbo 5-fido v. 5-partito, laciniis lanceolatis v. ligulatis patulis v.

reflexis, preefloratione dextrorsum torta. Corona staminea 5-phylla, foliolis tubo

adnatis retusis marginatis y. bifidis, introrsum nudis v. denticulo v. callo auctis.

Anthere membrana terminate. Masse pollinis oblonge vy. obovate v. raro

basi attenuate, processubus geniculatis appendicula dentiformi arrecta nigra

auctis. Stigmatis corpusculum lineare, planiusculum. Stigma acuminatum,

acumine elongato bipartito, ramis seepius divaricatis. Folliculi leves v. spinis

innocuis contortis onusti. Semina comosa.—Suftrutices Americe tropice, Bra-

silienses, v. Chilenses, volubiles, v. herbe erecta, foliis oppositis sepius pubescentibus,

pedunculis interpetiolaribus brevibus paucifloris, floribus majusculis interdum

suaveolentibus, azureis, albis, ochroleucis v. virentibus. Desne.

OxyPETALUM solancides ; caule subsimplici erecto pubescente, foliis lanceolatis

v. oblongo-cordatis mucronatis acutis utrinque tomentosis petiolatis, pedun-

culis terminalibus v. extra-axillaribus corymboso-paniculatis plurifioris,

coroll laciniis ovato-acuminatis patentibus, corone stam. foliolis longe

exsertis apice alte bifidis laciniis linearibus obtusis divaricato-lyratis, anther.

membranis obtusis, stigmate longiusculo bifido, “folliculis lineari-oblongis

incano-tomentosis.” Desne.

OxyPEtatum solanoides. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beechey’s Voy. p.289. Decaisne

in De Cand. Prodr. v. 8. p. 586.

Scnizostemma longifolium. Decaisne, Etud. Asclep. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1838.

p. 344.

A pretty greenhouse plant, native of Rio de la Plata and

South Brazil, with much the habit of O. c@ruleum, Desne.

(Zweediea versicolor, Bot.Mag. t.3630) ; but the flowers are not

quite so large, nor are they of that bright tint which gives the

charm to that favourite shrub. The present species blossoms

during the summer months.

Descr. A shrub or under-shrub, with slightly branched stems,

weak, and with somewhat of a climbing character, everywhere

clothed with a close, villous tomentum. Leaves oblong-cordate,

TMucronate, with a deep sinus between the lobes at the base,

about equal in length to the petiole; the upper ones gradually

APRIL Ist, 1848.

smaller and narrower, till the uppermost resemble lanceolate

bracts. Flowers in pedunculated, few-flowered corymds, longer

than the leaves, and forming, in fact, an elongated, leafy panicle.

Pedicels with minute subulate dracts at the base. Calyza five-

partite, with the segments subulato-lanceolate, half the length

of the corolla, erect. Corod/a of a dull purplish red colour,

campanulate, but cut down almost to the base into five

oblong-lanceolate, acute, erecto-patent lobes. Staminal crown

of five, ligulate, fleshy /eaflets, not half the length of the corolla,

emarginate and lengthened out on each side just below the apex

into two awl-shaped processes, curved outwardly at the extremity :

thus each leaflet is narrow-lyrate. Anthers with a terminal, ovate

lobe, shorter than the ovary in our specimens. Style elongated.

Stigma bifid.

Fig. 1. Section of a flower, from which the calyx is removed. 2. Anther-

case. 3. Pollen-masses, 4. More advanced ovary: magnified.

4ABOG.

Bl)

He,

BY)

eeve imap

& R

Benham

Reeve

Fitch del et Lith

SS ee

os :

te A

Ns a te

agate

Tas. 4368, 4369.

ARISTOLOCHIA GranprrLora.

Pelican-flower, or Poison Hog-meat.

Nat. Ord. AnIsToLocHTE#.—GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4361.)

ARISTOLOCHIA grandiflora ; volubilis, foliis pubescentibus cordatis subacuminatis,

pedunculo solitario bracteato, perianthii maximi cordati extus costati reti-

culati pubescentis tubo inflato refracto medio contracto, limbo amplis-

simo cordato-ovato longissime caudato.

ARISTOLOCHTIA grandiflora. Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. v. 3. p.1566 (non Vahl). Spreng.

Syst. Veg. v. 3. p. 752.

ArtstoLocuia Gigas. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1842. t. 60.

ARISTOLOCHIA cordiflora. Mutis, MS. in H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am, v. 2. p. 118.

ed. fol. (sine descr.)

ARISTOLOCHIA scandens, §-c. Br. Jamaic. p. 329.

It is impossible to do justice to the present subject in its

representation without devoting two quarto plates to it :—for, of

all known flowers, this, if we measure in length, especially from

the base to the apex, is the largest, next to the gigantic Raflesia ;

it is like that, too, in the mottling and general tone of colour,

and, what we could willingly dispense with, its disgusting odour.

Still it amply deserves a place in our stoves ; for a large, healthy,

well-trained specimen, with its singular blossoms, as remarkable

before, as after, expansion, presents one of the most striking

objects of any vegetable we are acquainted with, and the de-

testable scent is happily not widely diffused, Our plant was

raised from seeds sent from Jamaica by Mr. Purdie. It was

in that island first detected by Patrick Browne, who speaks

of it as “the large climbing Birth-wort, with variegated flowers,

or the Poison Hog-meat,” and it is there further known, as we

learn from Lunan, by the appropriate name of Pelican-flower.

A glance at a young bud (at tab. 4369) explains the reason

of that appellation. But this species of Aristolochia is by no

means confined to Jamaica; and although, from the difficulty

of drying specimens, it is rarely seen in our herbaria, there

is reason to believe it is not uncommon in the West Indian

islands generally, and in the northern parts of the continent

of South America. I cannot doubt that the 4. cordifora of

Mutis’ MS., quoted by Humboldt, found upon the Magdalena,

where “children adorn their heads with it,” in lieu of a hat or

bonnet, is the same; and 1 am unable to distinguish the shadow

of a difference in the J. Gigas of Guatemala, above quoted, from —

our plant. Indeed I possess specimens, gathered by Mr.

Skinner in Guatemala, which in no respect whatever differ from

the Jamaica one. ‘Our friend Mr. Miers recognizes it as a

APRIL Ist, 1848.

Brazilian species; and he was often led to compare the large

flaccid blossoms on the bushes, to coloured pocket-handkerchiets

laid out to dry. The other English specific name (Poison Hog-

meat) is given on account of its virulent nature, for though,

says Dr. Lunan, “the plant is so abominably fetid that it is

detested and shunned by most animals, yet when hogs venture,

through necessity, to eat of it, it destroys them.” Tussac, who

gives a splendid figure of this plant, in his Flore des Antilles,

relates that a whole herd of swine having been driven into

the woods, where this Aristolochia was common, had entirely

perished from eating the roots and young stems.

In our stoves, where it is best planted in the ground, though

it succeeds tolerably well on a pot-trellis, it flowers during

most of the summer months and in autumn; but the blossom,

when once fully expanded, is of short duration.

Dzscr. Stem and branches shrubby, climbing: young herba-

ceous portion downy. Jeaves alternate, cordate, acuminate,

moderately downy, on rather long petioles. Peduncles lateral,

opposite the leaf, solitary, single-flowered, striated, longer than

the petioles, bearing a cordate perfoliate bractea near the middle,

gradually passing into the club-shaped, sulcated, elongated,

inferior, pedunculiform yermen or ovary. Flower drooping, of

vast size, and worthy of observation while in bud (see 'Tab.4369) ;

the younger buds, especially, are bent like a siphon in the tube,

so as to resemble the body and neck of a bird, while the limb,

in that state, resembles the head and beak thrown back upon

the body, as a Pelican when that bird is at rest, whence the name :

the gradual enlargement of the limb and extension of the tail-like

point take away from the similarity. The fully-formed blossom

presents a striking contrast to that of the Aristolochia anguicida,

figured in our last Number (Tab. 4361). The ¢uée is inflated

and, as in the bud, bent like a siphon, but contracted in the middle

so as to resemble a double sack, and is, as well as the whole of

the outside of the perianth, of a pale, dingy yellow, inclining

to:green, downy, marked in the lower portion of the tube with

six, prominent, purplish vids; these branch and increase in the

upper portion and in the limb, and everywhere anastomose with

cross-veins, so as to present a reticulated appearance. ‘The en-

tirely expanded /imé is broadly ovato-cordate, entire but waved

at the margin, and terminated by a very long slender tail: the

whole inner surface is radiated and reticulated with veins, deep

blood-purple in the centre and within the mouth; the rest is

dirty white, mottled with blood-purple about the veins. The

orifice of the tude is large, subtrigonal. Column short, bearing

six, sessile, oblong anthers, and terminated by the six upright

lobes of the stigma.

TaB.4368. Flower :—nat.size. Fig.1. Column of stigma and stamens :—nat. size.

Tas. 4369. Branch, with leaves and flower-buds :—nat. size.

a Sia: Ra i 8

reous Myrtacee, and not a few Ternstrémiacee ; the most common —

of which is the Camellia-like Gordonia Ceylanica.

There is much here to remind the European of his native

country. Different species of Rubus and a Barberry abound

along the wooded margins of the plains, as well as two species

of Viburnum or Guelder-Rose, and a shrubby St. John’s Wort

(Hypericum Mysorense), bearing large yellow flowers. The dry

open banks are covered with violets and Lysimachia, while in

the open plains are to be found two species of Poftentilla, an

Anemone, a Geranium, two kinds of Ranunculus or Butter-cup, a

Lady’s Mantle, not unlike the A/chemilla vulgaris of England, a

little blue star-blossomed Gentian, two species of Sun-dew or

Drosera, a Campanula, a Valeriana, and in the bogs several kinds

of Juncus and Carez.

At the health-station on the plain of Newera-Elha, which is

about 6,200 feet above the level of the sea, there are several

gardens where most of the vegetables of Europe grow freely.

European fruit-trees have also been tried; but no success has

attended the experiment, nor was such to be expected; for

although during the cold season the thermometer falls occasion-

ally in the morning to nearly freezing point—the annual range

bemg from 353° to 80°, with a mean daily variation of 11°,—

the cold is not sufficiently intense or of long enough continua-

tion to give those trees the period of rest which they require. In

place of losing their leaves for nearly six months of the year, the

Peach and the Cherry are here evergreens, and are hence kept

in such a continued state of excitement as to prevent their

bearing. The Peach does, indeed, give a poor crop of very

inferior quality ; but although the Cherry blossoms annually, its

fruit never comes to perfection. :

Although the Neelgherry range, from its near geographical

position, has more species in common with the tracts of a

Similar elevation in Ceylon than any other part of India, yet

these, from their small numbers, are evidently only stragglers —

northward: the very great number of species peculiar to the

mountains of Ceylon, and to them alone, proves that these

mountains form a distinct centre of creation. This I shall illus-

trate by a few examples from some of the better known natural

orders and genera of plants. Beginning with Ranunculaceae, we

find three species of Ranunculus, belonging to the Flora of the

Neelgherries, and two to that of the mountains of Ceylon, one

species only being common to both countries. Of Magnoliacee,

Ceylon possesses four or five species of Michelia; all of which

are different from the solitary one found on the Neelgherries.

Each country has a Violet peculiar to itself, with another that is

found in them both. Both places possess about half a dozen

species of Hieocarpee each, but only one is held in common ;

and the same is the case with the Order to which the Tea

belongs—Terustrémiacee. The genus Impatiens, that to which

the garden Balsam is referable, affords one of the strongest

arguments in favour of the fact I am now illustrating ; for while

each country contains upwards of twenty species, certainly not

more than three are common to both, and none of the other

Ceylon species are known to exist elsewhere. Of Rosacee we

find that the Neelgherry range has only three species of Rubus,

while there are no less than eight found on the mountains of

Ceylon, three of which are peculiar to them. Both countries have

an Alchemilla in common; while the Agrimony of Ceylon does

not exist on the Neelgherries, but is found abundantly on the

Himalaya range; and I have lately described a new species of

Poterium from Adam’s Peak, the only one which has hitherto

been met with in India. Two species of Potentilla grow in

Ceylon, and three on the Neelgherries, one only being seen in

both countries. A comparison of this kind might be extended

to a great length; but enough has already been shown to prove

that while the Flora of the central part of the Island has more

affinity with that of the Neelgherries than with any other part of

the world, yet it must have had a creation of its own, nearly

allied, indeed, to the other in forms, but very distinct in indi-

viduals.

Although many of the genera found in the upland regions of

Ceylon are common in Europe, none of the Ceylon species are

identical with European ones. Indeed, there is not to be found

growing really wild in the Island, a single species exactly the

same as any European one. A few, however, have become

more or less naturalized, having been introduced along with

garden and other seeds. They are the common Sow-thistle

(Sonchus oleraceus), the common Chick-weed (Stel/aria media),

the Mouse-ear Chick-weed (Cerastium vulgatum), the Corn Spurrey

(Spergula arvensis), and the annual Meadow-grass (Poa annua).

All these, with the exception of the first, which is much more

general, are nearly confined to the plain of Newera-Ellia. In

all countries, introduced plants, which find a congenial soil and

climate, and which produce their seeds in profusion, of a nature

to be easily blown or carried about from place to place, are

sure to naturalize themselves; and often in the course of a few

years they cannot be distinguished from the really original

denizens of the clime. Besides those from Europe, just enume-

rated, there are many others, natives of distant tropical countries,

which are now rapidly spreading themselves on the Island; and

as it is of importance to distinguish them from such as are truly

natives, I shall here enumerate all those species of which |

possess sufficient evidence to establish their exotic origin, and

mention the countries from which they have been brought.

The two species of Prickly Pear (Opuntia), now so common

in dry sandy localities in the low country, are natives of the

tropical parts of the Continent of America, as is, indeed, the

whole of the Cactus tribe. The beautiful rose-coloured Peri-

winkle (Vinca rosea), which has so completely overrun the Cin-

namon gardens at Colombo and other similar localities, is a

native of the island of Madagascar, though it has now perfectly

established itself in nearly all tropical countries. The climbing

Allamanda cathartica, with its dark green leaves and golden

bell-shaped blossoms, is a native of the Guianas, and was no

doubt introduced by the Dutch. The Zantanas, which are to be

met with almost everywhere in bushy places and in hedges, are

natives of the West Indies ; and so is the yellow-flowered Zurnera

ulmifolia, common by road-sides about Colombo. The Cape

Gooseberry (Physalis. Peruviana), now so plentiful about Ram-

bodde and Newera-Ellia, is from the mountains of Peru. The

Four-o’clock plant (Mirabilis Jalapa), common about Kandy, is

a native of Mexico and the West Indies; and the Tpecacuanha

plant, as it is erroneously called, (Asclepias Curassavica,) with

its orange blossoms, and. seeds with long silky tails, is a South

American. Most of these must have been long established before

the English took possession of the country; but the following

are well known to have escaped from the Botanical Gardens

at Colombo or Peradenia during the last five-and-twenty years.

The small white-flowered Passiflora fetida, a perfect weed every-

where, is a native of the West Indies and Brazil, and only

introduced to the Island by Mr. Moon, so short a time ago as

1824. Two species of Crotalaria—C. Brownei, a native of

Jamaica, and C. incana, a native of the Cape of Good Hope ;

the Mexican Coreopsis-like Cosmos caudata; the Peruvian blue-

flowered Vicandra physaloides; and the South American Sensitive-

plant (Mimosa pudica), are not only common weeds about

Peradenia and Kandy, but are fast extending themselves in all

directions, the first mentioned species having now nearly reached

as faras Rambodde on the Newera-Hllia road. Brucea Sumatrana,

a shrubby native of the Eastern islands, and an escape from the

Peradenia gardens, now forms part of the low jungle on the

neighbouring Hantane range: and Buddleia Madagascariensis,

a native of Madagascar, and two small kinds of Passion-flower

(P. suberosa and glauca), both natives of the West Indies,

are fast following. Ageratum conyzoides, everywhere prevalent

and one of the great pests of the Coffee Planter, is of American

origin, though now thoroughly naturalized in all tropical countries.

The above, though only a rapid sketch of the more prominent

features of the vegetation of the Island of Ceylon, is sufficient to

shew the great interest and variety of the materials of which it

is composed, and the relation which it holds to that of other

parts of the globe. Much, however, still remains to be done,

before a detailed exposition can be offered to the world.

———

Botamcal extracts from Mr. Low's History of Borneo.

The climate of Borneo is distinguished by constant moisture

and moderate warmth, which keep up a perennial vegetation.

The refreshing showers and continual bat gentle heat cause the

plants and trees to grow during the whole year, the forests being

decked with that perpetual verdure, which confers on the

Bornean Islands, when viewed from the sea, an aspect of un-

exampled beauty. Shrubs of Hibiscus and flowering-trees,

belonging to the genus Barringtonia, overhang the margin of

the ocean; while the far inland mountains are clothed to their —

summits with dense and rich vegetation.

Europeans never find the climate oppressively hot. The ther-

mometer averages 70-72° Fahr., in the mornings and evenings,

82-85° at the hottest part of the day; 92° and 93° is the

maximum, and the mercury very rarely attains it.

Though no part of the world boasts such luxuriance of vege-

table life as these Isles of the East, their soil is by no means so

invariably fertile as the appearance of the forests would lead a

cultivator to expect. This remark principally applies to Suma-

tra, where moisture seems to supply the main impulse to vege-

tation. Java is highly fertile, and what I have seen of Borneo

appears so too. The soil of Sarawak is a rich yellow loam,

covered with a surface of six to twelve inches of very productive

mould, formed by the decay of the forests. It is admirably

suited to the growth of the Sugar-cane, which attains greater

perfection at Borneo without the slightest culture, than it exhibits

in Ceylon under the fostering care of Europeans. I have often

seen Sugar-canes at Sarawak eighteen feet long, abounding in the

i el da tacmanyem

en pa ee nance atc

hae eet Be ie lee

Tas. 4370.

ANGRAECUM caupatuo.

Long-tailed Angraecum.

Nat. Ord. Orncu1pEx.—GyYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

Gen. Char, (Vide supra, Tan. 4145.)

ANGR&CUM caudatum; foliis loratis canaliculatis emarginatis, spica radicali

pendula flexuosa 4-flora, labello late obovato-cuneato rostrato serrulato,

ealeare longissimo. Lindl.

ANGRAECUM caudatum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1844.

A species of the rare genus Angrecum, with so remarkable a

spur that, as Dr. Lindley observes, it has no parallel but in the

Habenaria longicauda (Bot. Mag. t. 2957), and in another indivi-

dual of the present genus, 4. sesguipedale, Petit-Thouars, Orchid.

Mascar. t. 66 and 67. It is a native of Sierra Leone, whence it

was imported by Messrs. Loddiges of Hackney ; but it is still,

I believe, rare in our stoves. This formed part of the late

Mr. Clowes’ rich collection, now incorporated with that of the

Royal Gardens, where, attached to rough pieces of wood and

suspended from the ceiling, it flowers in October.

Descr. An Hpiphyte, with large fleshy roots, from which

(without pseudo-bulbs) immediately spring the distichous, chan-

nelled, subcoriaceous, dark green, recurved /eaves, obliquely and

deeply notched at the apex. Racemes long, slender, zigzag, from

the base of the leaves, about four-flowered. Flowers large, hand-

Some. Perianth spreading. Sepals and petals (the latter rather

larger) uniform, linear-acuminate, green. Lip pure white, broadly

obovato-cuneate, waved and crenate, with a long mucro from

the apex; the base has a small lamella on each side. Spur

@ Span and more long, flexuous, cylindrical, a little tapering, pale

Town, entire or notched at the apex. Column short, erect,

thickened at the base, brownish, with a yery long rostrum.

MAY Ist, 1848, F

Anther-case ending in a long beak, shorter than that of the

column. |

4 eee ¥ on f A

Fig. 1. Column and Anther-case, with the base of the ovary and of the

spur :—magnified. . 2X a

Tas. 4371.

ALLOPLECTUS concotor.

Whole-coloured Alloplectus.

Nat. Ord. GrsnERIACEH,—DipyNaMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4216.)

ALLOPLECTUS concolor ; fruticosus erectus, foliis oblongo-ellipticis utrinque

acuminatis integerrimis glabris, floribus (calyce corollaque) axillaribus sub-

sessilibus aggregatis concoloribus rubris, sepalis triangularibus integerrimis

glabris, corollee hirsutissimee clavatee tubo superne insigniter ventricoso, ore

valde obliquo, limbo erecto-patente.

An undoubted congener with <l/oplectus diochrous, (supra

Tab. 4216,) having the same habit, but smaller flowers, calyx

and corolla uniformly red, the latter much more ventricose

above at the upper part of the tube, with the mouth more

oblique. It is, we presume, an inhabitant of Brazil, having been

sent to Kew by Mr. Galeotti in 1846, under the garden name of

A. eriocalyzx, without any indication of its locality.

Duscr. Stems about two feet high, shrubby, but succulent,

terete, scarcely branched, green tinged with purple. Leaves

opposite, petaloid, thick, fleshy, between oblong and elliptical,

entire, acuminated at both ends, obliquely penninerved, glabrous,

dark green above, pale beneath. /owers axillary, aggregated,

sessile. Calyx lax, red, deeply cut into five triangular,

Spreading, waved segments or sepals. Corolla inserted laterally

at the base, thus forming a blunt spur, red, very hairy (pale at

the base); the éwée singularly ventricose above on the upper side, -

so that the outline of that side almost represents the letter S:

the mouth small, very oblique; the mé of five small, rounded,

MAY Ist, 1848. Buy

moderately spreading segments: stamens included. Ovary supe-

rior, ovate, with a large fleshy gland on the underside at the

base. Sfy/e included. Stigma emarginate.

Fig. 1. Corolla. 2. Pistil and hypogynous gland :—slightly magnified.

AG 7 2.

Reeve, Benham & Reeve imp -

Tas. 4372.

ISOPOGON arrenvatus.

Attenuated-leaved Isopogon.

Nat. Ord. Prorracr®.—TETRANDRIA MonoGynIA.

Gen. Char. Perianthium quadrifidum, tubo gracili diutius persistente. Sguame

nulle hypogyne. Stylus totus deciduus. Stigma fusiforme y. cylindraceum.

Nux sessilis, ventricosa, undique comosa.—Frutices rigidi. Folia glabra, plana

v. filiformia, divisa v. integerrima. Capitula terminalia, raro avillaria. Flores

modo densissime imbricati, strobilo globoso, modo fastigiati, receptaculo communi

planiusculo, paleis deciduis congestis. Br.

lsopocon attenuatus ; foliis spathulato-oblongis inferne longe attenuatis mucro-

nulatis obsolete 3-nerviis ramulisque glabris summis (bracteis) strobilum

terminalem sessilem hemisphericum longe superantibus basi dilatatis, invo-

lucri squamis exterioribus ovatis acutis glabriusculis, interioribus angustatis

villosis, calycis lobis tubo glabro parum brevioribus villosis, stigmate inar-

ticulato tenui-cylindraceo glabro. Nees.

IsopoGon attenuatus. Br. Prodr. p. 366. Nees in Plant. Preiss. v. 1. p. 508.

Spreng. Syst. Veget. v.1. p. 460.

A native of Lewin’s-Land on the southern shores of New

Holland, according to Mr. Brown, its first discoverer. Allan

Cunningham collected it at King George’s Sound, Preiss and

Drummond, at Swan River. The latter sent us seeds, which

produced flowering plants in the spring of 1847. _ It is a species

nearly allied to Zsopogon longifolius, Br. (figured in Bot. Reg.

t. 900), but abundantly distinct as a species.

Descr. With us this has formed a shrub two to three feet

high, with rounded, glabrous, fuscous, erect branches. Leaves

a span and more long, scattered, linear- or oblong- spathulate,

mucronate, much tapering at the base, glabrous, coriaceous,

obsoletely three-nerved. A few smaller leaves beneath the capi-

tulum are villous. Capitulum terminal, hemispherical, formed

of numerous palish yellow fowers. Scales of the iavolucre imbri-

cated ; outer ones ovate, scarcely hairy; inner ones narrower,

‘Villous. Perianth with the tube glabrous, except at the base, where

it is swollen by the contained gernien, and is hairy. Segments

MAY Ist, 1848,

spathulate, reflexed, more than half the length of the tube, hairy

on the back at the apices, within bearing the linear-sagittate,

sessile anther. Style between cylindrical and fusiform, constricted

below the middle, yellow.

Fig. 1. Flower and bractea :—magnified.

Tas. 4373.

ECHINOCACTUS cHLoropHTHALMUS.

Green-eyed Echinocactus.

Nat. Ord. CactEa.—IcosanpRIA MoNoGYNIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4124.)

KcutNnocactus chlorophthalmus; glomeratus subglobosus viridis profunde sub-

decem-suleatis, tuberculis conico-hemisphzericis vix angulatis spe confluen-

tibus, areolis prominentibus lanatis, aculeis 10-12 acicularibus radiantibus

rectis centrali validiore junioribus basi rubris, calycis tubo cylindraceo

_ tuberculoso-squamatis, squamis v. tuberculis imbricatis apice lanatis acu-

leatisque summis petaloideis, petalis purpureis basi pallidis, stigmatis radiis

viridibus.

Whatever reflections may be made on the uncouth and gro-

tesque forms of the majority of individuals in the Cactus family,

it must be conceded of the Zchinocactus group, especially,

that few plants can excel them in size and beauty of the blossoms.

In the present instance a single flower equals or exceeds the

height as well as the breadth of the entire plant ; while the glossy

purple of the starry petals, pale at their base, with the yellow

mass of dense anthers, and the almost emerald green of the

eye-like stigma, cannot fail to call forth admiration. It inhabits

eal del Monte, Mexico, it blooms in the summer months, and

will rank next to #. heeedrophorus (vide supra, Tab. 4311).

Desor. Nearly globose, about the size of a small orange,

glaucous-green, clustered, with about ten or twelve deep furrows,

the intermediate ridges divided into six to eight somewhat

hemispherical, but very irregular mamme, at the top of which is

a woolly areole, bearing seven to ten slender acicular spines, —

half to three-quarters of an inch long, spreading; but the central

one is longer and stronger than the rest :—their colour is pale

brown, red at the base in the younger ones. Flowers large,

Solitary, from near the summit of the plant. Calyw obovato-

cylindrical, imbricated with numerous ovate, mammillary scales,

each terminated by a woolly areole and a tuft of small spines,

MAY Isr, 1848.

except a few of the uppermost which gradually become petaloid.

Petals very numerous, spathulate, rather acute and serrated at

the apex, glossy purple, white at the base. Stamens very

numerous, compact; anthers small, yellow. Style thick, white,

a little longer than the stamens. Stigma of several bright green,

erecto-patent rays.

Reeve, Benham & Keeve

Tas. 4374.

MAXILLARIA acicuuaris.

Needle-leaved Mazillaria.

Nat. Ord. Orcu1pE@.—GyYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tab. 4228.)

MAXILLARIA acicularis; subcaulescens, pseudo-bulbis subfusiformibus sulcatis

diphyllis basi squamosis, foliis linearibus acuminatis canaliculatis dorso

convexis, pedunculis arctissime squamosis axillaribus unifloris, perianthio

connivente, sepalis petalisque ovatis acutis, petalis obtusioribus, labello

indiviso oblongo obtuso disco illinito, callo lineari apice rotundato integro.

Lindl.

MAXILLARIA acieularis. Herbert MS. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1837, sub t. 1986.

This delineation was taken some years ago from flowering spe-

cimens at Woburn. The species is a native of Brazil, and was

first known to Dr. Lindley, through a drawing made by the late

Hon. and Rev. William Herbert. It is not an attractive plant,

to those who only look to size of flower or gaudy colouring as of

value in the vegetable creation. It is a distinct and well-marked

species, its affinity even being dubious, except, as Dr. Lindley

observes, it be with IZ. uncata. :

Descr. A small plant, consisting of clusters of oblong or sub-

fusiform pseudo-bulbs, deeply sulcated, springing from a short

ramified stem or caudex, partially clothed with brown membra-

naceous scales below, above bearing two setaceo-fusiform /eaves,

three to four inches long, dark green, grooved on the upper side,

Semi-terete on the under. Peduncle short, from the base or axil of

a pseudo-bulb, and densely clothed with oblong, membranaceous,

brown scales, solitary, single-flowered. Hower erect, dark blood

or chocolate-coloured. Perianth erect (so that the flower is

almost closed). Sepals and petals oblique or subovato-spathulate,

obtuse : petals the same, but paler coloured, and decurrent with

the white elongated column. Lip rather longer than the rest of

the perianth, oblong, obscurely three-lobed, somewhat spurred

MAY Ist, 1848.

below, with a flattened ridge or callus at the base within. Column

white, semi-terete, wingless. Auther-case hemispherical. Podlen-

masses in two unequal pairs on a broad white stalk.

Fig. 1. Flower, with the calyx removed,—the lip forced back, 2 and 3. Pollen-

masses. 4. Portion of a leaf: -—magnified.

richest saccharine juice. The natives grow several kinds, some of

which they assert to be the wild produce of the country ; but

the Golden-yellow Cane, imported by the Chinese, is most

esteemed. It is not used for making sugar ; but, the outer skin

being removed, the inner part is chewed, and the fibrous portion

is thrown away after the sweet juice has been thus extracted.

Some Vutmegs, planted for an experiment by Mr. Brooke,

grew admirably without manuring or any attention, bemg wholly

left to nature and not even the weeds removed. ‘The result

proved that this valuable spice, which requires much care and

cost for its production at Sincapore and Penang, may here be

raised, as cheaply as Cocoa-nuts, viz., merely by clearmg away

the weeds. :

‘Some plants of Cinnamon, Nutmeg, and Clove, are growing

now in a garden at Sarawak, and attesting the suitableness of

its soil and climate to the production of the finer spices.

As may be supposed, the heat and moisture of Borneo are

too great for European fruits and vegetables in general. Some

kinds, as French Beans, Cucumbers, Endive, Tomatos, and Aspa-

ragus, have succeeded tolerably ; and it may be hoped that, on

the mountains, others will do well; and that the Settlement of

Labuhan will never be so destitute of culinary vegetables as Is

Sincapore, where the few cabbages which are produced are

cultivated in flower-pots and require the greatest attention.

The Chinese in Sariwak have several gardens of native escu-

lents near the town. The Eyg-plant there yields an excellent

fruit; and a large Radish is much prized, which, when boiled,

tastes like a Turnep. Sweet Potatos, Yams, Earth-nuts (Arachis

hypogea), and various kinds of Pulse, Cucumbers, and pot-herbs

are grown for the use of Europeans ; also Sugar-Cane and Pine-

Apples for the Malays, who are averse to the trouble of culti-

vating these esculents for themselves. Some kinds of Fern

afford an excellent vegetable in their unopened fronds, which

are boiled and preferred by foreigners to most of the productions

of the island, except the cabbage of various Palms. Though

several sorts of Fern are eaten, the AZarattia, which grows plen-

tifully on river-sides, is preferred.

Of all the esculent vegetables, the heart or cabbage of the

Palm called Widong, is the most esteemed. It consists of the

whole unexpanded foliage, and is delicately white, with a very

sweet nutty flavour. It excels the cabbage of the Cocoa-nut

Palm, but is inferior to that of the Pinang or Areca, which,

however, on account of the value of the tree, is very seldom

used, the extraction of this edible part causing, invariably, the

destruction of the entire tree. The Mdbong Palms are very

plentiful near the mouths of all the rivers, and are prized also

for house-building, &c. Their stems being quite round, un-

branched, and generally measuring half a foot in diameter, little

trouble is necessary, beyond felling the tree and cutting it mto

lengths. The outside rind is hard and an inch thick: the inner

portion being, as in all Monocotyledonous stems, the most

recently formed, is soft, and readily decays, which causes the

Nibong to be more used by the poor than the rich inhabitants.

Posts, formed of this tree, last only three or four years, and then

require either support or renewal. Rafters and flooring are

made of the hardest part. The laths for floors are bound

together, when laid at distances of two feet asunder, by rattans ;

a plan adopted in order that the dirt and rubbish of the house

may fall through the interstices of the floor, and be washed

away by the next high tide of the river.

The Bamboo, of which the shoots are cooked by the natives

and which the Europeans eat pickled, is as useful to the Dyaks

as the Wibong to the Malays, and grows as abundantly in the

interior as the other does on the coasts. There are many kinds ;

but the most esteemed is the Large or Water Bamboo, which

attains a height of sixty feet, and appears to thrive best in the

rich soil of mountain-sides. Six other sorts, all much smaller,

are still very valuable ; for they grow in more accessible places

and have harder stems than the Large Bamboo. They are

useful, as in India, for an infinity of purposes; and the poor

people, who cannot afford cooking-pots of earth or brass, even

contrive to apply them to that use, in the following manner.

The Malays and Dyaks cut the green Bamboo in lengths of two

or three feet, and fill the interior with rice or meat, chopped

into little pieces, and mixed with water. To cook the food

properly, the fire must come exactly in contact with the Bamboo

joint, which rests on the ground beyond; while the green and

hard part of the cane, touched by the flame, resists it so long,

that the provisions are sufficiently prepared before this singular

pot ignites. A bundle of leaves, placed in the mouth, serves for

’ alid.* These Bamboos are so valuable, that like, the fruit-trees

planted near a village, they become individual property.

Next in the rank of useful vegetable productions is the Cocoa-

nut Palm, too well known to require description here. Unfor-

tunately, the wars, which prevailed on the western coasts of

* The rice, called Pulut, hereafter to be described, is most relished when

thus cooked in a pot of green Bamboo.

Borneo, have nearly exterminated this noble tree; but it still

abounds to the northward, and is said to cover the Natunas and

Sooloo Islands. From the former group the people of Sarawak

derive their supply, giving in return the rice which the natives

of the Natunas require, for they do not raise rice on those islands.

About fifty boats, carrying from six to twenty tons each, bring

annually to Sarawak, nuts, oil, and sugar, the productions of

this tree. The sugar is coarse, resembling molasses, and is made

by boiling the sap of the flower-stem.

The Sago-Palm (Metroaylon) attains great perfection, and

large quantities of the rough sago are sent from the west

coast to Sincapore. The Sago of commerce is the heart of the

plant. In the parts where it abounds it forms the chief food of

the inhabitants, who always, however, prefer rice when they can

procure it. The tree grows in marshy spots and rarely exceeds

thirty feet in height. The time for collecting the sago is just

before the tree begins to show its large, spreading, terminal

flower-spike, which it generally does at seven or eight years old.

While young, the stem is admirably protected by its long and

stout spines from the wild hogs, which would otherwise destroy

it. As it grows and the trunk hardens, the spines drop off, and

the central farina is enclosed in the outer wood. When the

flower and fruit are allowed to perfect themselves, which is in

two years from the first appearance of inflorescence, the pith of

the centre is found dried up, the leaves have fallen, and the

plant perishes. The Sago-Palm is seldom propagated from the

seed, which is generally unproductive; but it may be raised

in any quantity by offsets, which are freely produced. Among

the Dyaks who grow rice, Sago is little used for food, except m

times of scarcity. The whole of the Sago exported from Borneo

is in a crude state, and manufactories are established at Sinca-

pore and Batavia for its preparation and refinement ; where

the rough article, an uninviting substance both to eye and smell,

undergoes a wonderful change, and emerges 1 the form of the

Pearl Sago of commerce.

The Arenga saccharifera, which most resembles the Sago-

Palm in general aspect, affords the best Toddy in Borneo. It

is extracted by cutting off the large lateral branches of fruit.

When these are about half-grown, they are severed close to the

division of the peduncle, and Bamboos being suspended below,

a gallon of juice will flow daily for two months from a good tree

with two incisions ; if care be taken to expose a fresh surface on

the severed part, by taking off a fresh slice every morning.

The Toddy is emptied from the bamboo twice a day: when

fresh, it forms a very agreeable beverage, though not improved

by the Dyak custom of steeping a piece of bitter bark in it,

which communicates its own taste to the fluid. An excellent

and durable cordage is made from the hairy filaments which

interweave the stem and axils of the leaves; and the same

substance is plaited by the natives into ornaments for the arms,

legs, and neck, which are more pleasing in their deep black hue

and neat appearance (at least to the eyes of Europeans), than

the beads and brass with which these people are fond of adorning

their persons.

The graceful Betel-nut, or Areca-nut Palm (Areca Catechu),

does not grow in such abundance as to form an article of

exportation: on the contrary, large quantities are imported ;

for these trees, like the Cocoa-nuts, were destroyed during

the wars, which, previous to Mr. Brooke’s arrival, desolated

the country. The nut is only used for chewing with the

Siri leaves (Piper), Lime, and Gambier, a practice universal m

the Indian Archipelago. The flowers of the Areca are deliciously

fragrant: they are in request for all festive occasions, and are

also considered a necessary ingredient in the medicines and

charms employed for healing the sick: their delightful perfume,

together with the graceful feathery foliage, borne on a slender

and elegantly tapered stem, render this tree the universal favourite

among the Palm tribe.

Rattans and Canes, the produce of many species of Calamus,

are valuable to the natives, both for home use and exportation.

They abound in old and damp jungles, and prove very annoying

to the pedestrian, whose clothes are caught by their strong

curved prickles, and who can only extricate himself by stepping

backward and carefully unhooking them. The various kinds

differ much in size and appearance: some are so slender as

scarcely to be observable, others are stout and rough: some are

smooth, and others have their stems and leaves garnished with

numerous prickles. Those called, in commerce, Malacca Canes,

are of the larger sort. The Rattans of Borneo excel all the

others, and are brought from the south and eastern parts of the

islands in vast quantities, and exported to Sincapore and Batavia,

and thence to India and China. The natives employ them for

baskets, mats, and cordage, and where nails are unknown they

serve the purpose of binding the frame of a house together.

The drug called Dragon’s Blood is procured from one of the

larger ratfans; but its manufacture is exclusively confined to

the southern and little visited parts of the island, and is therefore

not known to Europeans. It is annually sent in large quantities

to Sincapore and Batavia, and thence to China, where it is much

prized. The Mpa fruticans, though of humble growth among

the Palms, is as valuable to the people of Borneo as any of its

congeners. It is found on river-banks wherever the salt water

reaches, and it overspreads the salt marshes for thousands of acres.

Its chief value is for covering houses, and the roofs made of its

leaves last for two years. Salt is procured from the ashes of the

burnt foliage, and syrup and sugar from its flower-stalk. ‘The

fruit is also eaten. The plant has no stem ; but its leaves, twenty

feet long, spring from the centre.

The Mangrove, which inhabits the same spots as the Mipa,

affords the best fire-wood, and a coarse bitter salt is extracted

from its aerial roots.

The above enumeration includes those vegetable productions

of Borneo which are used for home consumption. A separate

notice will be taken of such as are collected for exportation.

(To be continued.)

The Bath Botanic Garden, Jamaica.

it will gratify our readers, we are sure, to know that the

Botanic Garden of Bath, Jamaica, once a flourishing spot under

the Directorship of Dr. Me’ Fadyen, then abandoned, or nearly

so, for want of funds, has again revived under the charge of

Mr. Nathaniel Wilson, aided by the active exertions of the Rev.

Mr. Wharton and Mark J. Mc’Ken Esq., to all of whom the

Royal Gardens of Kew are under great obligations for most

valuable contributions to the stoves, to the Museum, and to the

Herbarium. We make the following extracts from the last

report drawn up by the able and intelligent Curator :—

“During the past year I have dispersed upwards of 4000

plants, nearly double the number that were called for the year

before. As those plants that have been originally introduced,

and for many years grown in the Island, are by this time fully

dispersed and established, it is my intention gradually to abandon

their cultivation, which I must, from the limited extent of the

garden, of necessity do, to make space for the reception and full

development of the more rare sorts recently introduced. As a

grand repository of exotic plants, it will be necessary that a

Specimen of every introduced plant be kept in the garden, but

beyond this, as far as the old plants are concerned, it is my

intention to proceed, and I trust that this determimation will

meet with your approbation and concurrence.

“ Tt is exceedingly desirable for the purpose of exchanging with

other Botanic Gardens to mutual benefit, that our native plants,

whether timbers, dye-woods, drugs, fruits, or ornamental, should

be cultivated. ‘To this end my attention is now directed, and

my views have been greatly facilitated by the addition of the

new piece of ground, so kindly granted to me by this hon. Board.

It is now cleared and fenced, and I find it, both in soil and

situation, adapted for the purpose I have in view.

“T continue with success to propagate that useful spice, the

Nutmeg, which I have no doubt will ultimately become one of

the staple products of the Island.

“Tam proud to say that it has fallen to my lot to introduce,

within the last year, some of the most rare and valuable plants

that ever were brought into Jamaica, including nearly all those

I mentioned in my last report. Those of which I may truly

boast are the Mangostan (Garcinia Mangostana), the Cinnamon

(Cinnamonum verum), the Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), the

vegetable Ivory, or Ivory-nut Palm (Phytelephas macrocarpa),

the Longan (Huphoria longana), the Durion (Durio zebethinus),

the Tonquin Bean (Dipterix odorata), the Gamboge Tree (Xan-

thochymus pictorius), the Camwood of Commerce (Baphia nitida),

the Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua), the Wax Palm (Cerowylon

andicola), three new fruits of the Grenadilla kind (Passiflora

edulis, P. incarnata, P. Buonapartea), the Maltese and Manderin

Orange, and many other noble and beautiful plants, to the

number of eighty-six, which have themselves been only recently

introduced into England, chiefly from the Tropics, and I need

hardly say are calculated to thrive here.

“For the cultivation of the Mangostan, which is reputed to be

the very finest of Tropical fruits, and which will thrive best

within the influence of sea air, Jamaica, from its insular nature,

will doubtless be well fitted. The Durion, a fruit as large as a

man’s head, is considered of first-rate excellence; the Longan,

too, is much esteemed for the dessert; the Black Pepper is a

spice admirably adapted for (and of easy) cultivation; the Cam-

wood is a dye-wood of considerable value, averaging in the

London market £16 to £18 per ton, while the Logwood obtains

only £5 or £6. The others are better known, and need not be

particularly mentioned here.

“ While on this part of my subject it will be proper for me,

Gentlemen, to call your attention, and that of the community at

large, to plants hitherto much neglected, or at best partially

TAB. 4375.

FUCHSIA sprcrasiuis.

Showy Fuchsia.

Nat. Ord. ONaGRrarRtE#.—Ocranpria MonoGyyta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4082.)

Fucusta spectabilis; ramis succulatis obtuse angulatis, foliis ternis amplis ovato-

ellipticis petiolatis subacuminatis glanduloso-subdenticulatis ciliatis subtus

ramisque purpureis, pedunculis petiolum squantibus solitariis unifloris,

floribus intense coccineis, calyce subhypoerateriformi, tubo longo basi

inflato-globoso, laciniis ovato-acuminatis, petalis patentissimis subrotundis

undulatis segmentis calycinis brevioribus, ovario oblongo sulcato, stigmate

magno 4-lobo.

From the collection of Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Exeter, who

gratified the Members of the Horticultural Society by the exhi-

bition of it at their rooms in Regent Street, April 18th, 1848,

when the large silver medal of the Society was awarded to it.

It was then stated to be the F Lowrensis of Humboldt, and

one of the handsomest Fuchsias yet in cultivation, its dark

green leaves and brilliant scarlet flowers, with which the white-

lobed stigma nicely contrasts, rendering it extremely attractive :

to this character of its beauty may be added the blood-red

colour of the flowering branches, and rich purple of the under-

side of the leaves, contrasted with the almost velvety rich green

of their surface. I have only to dissent from its being con-

sidered the F. Lovensis * of Humboldt, whose figure (Gen. et

Sp. Pl. vol. vi. t. 536) is certainly quite at variance with our

plant, as is the F. Zovensis, Benth. in “Plante Hartwegiane,

n.733. ‘The form and size of the leaves, and the size of the

flowers, and, above all, of the stigma, are strikingly different

* Ihave the pleasure of being authorized to say that Dr. Lindley is now quite

of this opinion. He had indeed been previously misled by the wild specimen sent,

to aid in the determination of the species, which belonged to another species,

namely to FP. Loxensis ;—a fact that has just been stated in the Gardeners’ Chro-

= (May 13th, 1848), where the species is announced as “certainly a magni-

t thing : the Queen of Fuchsias.”

JUNE 1st, 1848, .

in the two; and the present is assuredly a most distinct and

undescribed species. It is not, indeed, entirely unknown to me ;

for I possess specimens of it in a collection sent by Mr. Seemann,

of H.M.S. Herald, gathered in September, 1847, at “ Pambo de

Yéerba buena, El Equador.” Mr. Veitch’s plant, from Mr. Lobb,

is probably from the same country; though the “ mountains of

Peru” are given as the station in the Gardeners’ Chronicle ;

but the “Andes of Cuenca” is the true station, and this, I

think, accords with Seemann’s locality. Mr. Lobb himself spoke

of it in his letter to Mr. Veitch as the “loveliest of the lovely,

found in shady woods and growing from two to four feet high.”

Dzscr. A moderate sized shrub, woody below, but with the

branches stout and succulent, obscurely three-angled and of a rich

blood-red colour, shining, glabrous. eaves mostly ternate, six

to eight inches long, between ovate and elliptical, petiolate, not

tapering at the base, acute or slightly acuminate at the points,

obscurely ciliated, entire at the margin, or only having minute

tooth-like processes o¢easioned by the presence of small oblong

glands, dark velvety green above, rich purple beneath, penni-

nerved, the nerves nearly horizontal, but uniting within the

margin so as to form a wavy vein, almost as in the leaves of

Myrtacee. Petiole about an inch long, erect or spreading,

stout, of the same colour as the branch. Sfipu/es triangular, as

in many Rubiaceae, between the petioles. Peduncles axillary,

solitary, single-flowered, red, shorter than the leaves, indeed,

scarcely longer than the petioles. Ovary between cylindrical

and turbinate, with four furrows. Calya between infundibuliform

and hypocrateriform, four inches long, bright red, the fuée

swollen at the base; /imé of four spreading, ovate, acuminate

segments, tipped with green. Pefals large, deep red, nearly orbi-

cular, waved, very patent, and pressed as it were upon the segments

of the calyx, than which they are shorter. Stamens shorter than

the petals, red. Style exceeding the stamens, terminated by a

remarkably large, four-lobed stigma, rendered white, or yellowish-

white, by the copious pollen.

Fig. 1. Portion of a leaf, to show the tooth-like gland :—slightly magnified.

Tas. 4376.

JATROPHA popacrica.

Gouty-stalked Jatropha.

Nat. Ord. Evpnorprace®.—Monecia MOoNADELPHIA.

Gen. Char. Flores monoici. Calyx 5-partitus eestivatione convolutiva. Corolla

petala 5, calyce longiora, zxstivatione convolutiva, cum glandulis 5 alternantia.

Stamina 8-10 ; filamentis inferne connatis, superne filiformibus liberis, antheris

introrsis bilocularibus. Fm. ovarium glandulis 5 cinctum, triloculare, loculis

uniovulatis. Sfyli 3, bilobi bifidive aut pluries dichotomi: stigmata crassa.

Capsula 3-locularis, coccis monospermis.—Arbores v. frutices, aut rarius herbe

lactescentes, foliis allernis integris v. sapius palmatilobis, floribus axillaribus aut

terminalibus corymbosis, sepe late coloratis.

Jatropua podagrica ; caule erecto ramoso ramisque basi valde intumescentibus,

foliis peltatis cordatis 5-lobis glabris lobis subovatis obtusissimis, stipulis

glanduloso-fimbriatis, cymis longe pedunculatis terminalibus, calycis den-

tibus obtusis, corolle lobis ovatis obtusis patentibus.

A very remarkable new Jatropha from Santa Martha, New

Grenada, with a singularly distorted stem and branches; much

swollen at their bases, succulent, pale greenish-brown; the

main trunk and old branches marked with the almost obliterated

Scars of the fallen leaves, the younger portions of the branches

of the plant, which are about an inch in thickness, showing the

much larger scars of récently shed leaves, rendered more conspi-

cuous by the persistent, fimbriated, and glandular stipules, one

on each side the large scar. The cyme of flowers is large, and

of a rich orange-scarlet. It flowers at almost all seasons of the

year. 7

_ Descr. Stem, in our plant, a foot and a half high, much and

irregularly swollen at the base; branches also swollen at the base ;

the rest terete, green and succulent, marked with numerous pits

or hollows whence the leaves have dropped, and with the somewhat

palmate and deeply pinnatifid or ciliated glandular stipules. Only

a few Jeaves appear at one time, and they are confined to

the apices of the branches, on long petioles, cordate, peltate,

five-lobed, glabrous, the lobes obtuse, entire, somewhat ovate.

Peduncles terminal, elongated, bearing a rather large cyme of

JUNE Isr, 1848. a2

numerous, rather small, orange-red, moncecious flowers: the

females few, in the axils of the main bracteas of the peduncles.

Calye cup-shaped, five-lobed, the lobes erect, very obtuse.

Corolla deeply five- or six-partite, the segments ovate, spreading.

Stamens six to eight, yellow: the filaments combined at the

base, and having five glands there, united into a ring. Ovary

ovate, with similar glands ; sty/e short, much divided into several

green stigmas.

Fig. 1. Male flower. 2. Female ditto. 3. Transverse section of an ovary :—

magnified,

i ee * gee Ss

OE ST ee all ase

Reeve, Beacham & Reeve, amp

Tas. 4377.

~ ANOPTERUS ecuanpu.osus.

Glandular-leaved Anopterus.

Nat. Ord. Saxtrrace®.—HeExanpria DiGynia.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus turbinatus imo ovario basi adnatus, lobis 6 brevibus

acutis persistentibus. Petala 6 lobis calycinis alterna, calyci inserta. Stamina

6, cum petalis inserta, iis alterna et breviora. Stylus brevis. Stigma bifidum,

Capsula oblonga, 1-locularis, bivalvis, valvulis ab apice ad basin dehiscentibus.

Placenta ad earum margines. Semina ovata, compressa, ala superne aucta.—

Arbuscula glaberrima. Folia alterna ramis opposita, ovali-oblonga, utringue

attenuata, subsessilia, coriacea, calloso-dentata. Racemi simplices 1-4 sudbtermi-

nales, Flores interdum {fidi. DC.

Anoprerus glandulosus.

Anoprerus glandulosus. Labill. Nov. Holl. v.4. p. 86. t.112. De Cand. Prodr.

v.4. p.6. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 133.

A truly handsome evergreen shrub, native of Van Diemen’s

Land, and introduced to the Royal Gardens of Kew by Ronald

Gunn, Esq. We have hitherto treated it as a greenhouse

plant; but in the milder parts of England, near the coast, it

would in all probability bear the open air all the year round,

perhaps, even about London, if trained to a wall having a good

aspect. Its season of flowering (winter) would be unfavourable

to the blossoming in such a situation; but the fine dark green

foliage, not much unlike that of Photinia serrulata, is at all

times a recommendation. .

Descr. A shrud, with us two to three feet high, with stout,

terete branches. eaves chiefly at the extremities of the new

shoots, obovato-lanceolate, shortly acuminated, tapering below

Into a short petiole, persistent, dark green, penninerved, calloso-

Serrate, the young ones glanduloso-ciliato-dentate. _ Racemes

longer than the leaves, axillary, at first covered with large

membranous, coloured, deciduous Jdracts. Pedicels single-

flowered, an inch and more long, with one or more small deci-

duous, subulate bracts. Calyx deeply six-partite; segments

ovate, acute, persistent. Corolla of six, erecto-patent, concave,

JUNE Ist, 1848,

nearly orbicular petals, rather large, white, tinged with rose-

colour. Stamens six, nearly as long as the petals. Filaments

subulate. Authers ovate-oblong, yellow. Ovary ovate, one-celled,

tapering into rather a short style. Stigma bifid.

Fig. 1. Flower, from which the petals are removed. 2. Stamen. 3. Vertical

section, and 4, transverse section of an ovary :—magnified.

a. .

Reeve LEEVE

Benham & R aap:

¥ , mp.

oe foe ee

Tas. 4378.

THYRSACANTHUS srricrvs.

Upright Thyrse-flower.

Nat. Ord. AcaANTHACE®.—D1anpria Monoaynia.

Gen. Char. Calyx ultra medium quinquefidus, sequalis, brevis. Corolla tota

tubulosa vel apicem versus dilatata, incurva, mollis, limbo v. quinquelobo sub-

regulari v. distinctius bilabiato, Jabio superiore bifido, inferiore trifido. Stamina

fertilia 2. Anthere diloculares, ovales, loculis parallelis, connectivo oblongo

subobliquo discretis. Stamina sterilia subulata, uncinata, capitata ad basin

fertilium, vel nulla. Stigma bidentatum. Capsula a basi ad medium depressa

sterilisque, hine bilocularis di-tetrasperma. Semina retinaculis suffulta, discoidea.

—Herbe vel frutices Americe tropice, cortice levi laxo colorato, foliis amplis

cuneato-sessilibus aut in petiolum attenuatis, Thyrsus terminalis, modo densus,

ramis brevibus cymosis (fasciculis) oppositis verticillos referentibus, modo laxior in

racemum simplicem abiens. Bractee et bracteole parve. Flores longiuscule

pedicellati, coccinei. Nees.

THYRSACANTHUS strictus; fruticosus glaber, caule obtuse tetragono, foliis ob-

longis acuminatis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, racemo terminali elongato

stricto simplici, pedicellis brevibus unifloris fasciculatis, fasciculis oppositis

pseudo-verticillatis, corolla tubulosa subinfundibuliformi limbo oblique sub-

regulari, staminibus paululum exsertis sterilibus subulatis brevissimis.

Tayrsacanruus strictus. Nees, in De Oand. Prodr. v.11. p. 324.

THYRsacantuus Lemairianus. Nees, 1. c. p. 729.

ERANTHEMUM coccineum. Lemaire, “in Flore des Serres. Juin, 1847, t. 8.”

APHELANDRA longiscapa, SALPIXANTHA coccinea, e¢ JUSTICIA longiracemosa,

Fort. od :

Having received this really handsome stove plant from the

continent, from different cultivators, under the garden-names

above quoted, and these being given as synonyms to Nees ab

Esenbeck’s 7’ Lemairianus, we cannot doubt that it is that plant,

of which the native country is said to be unknown. We are equally

- certain that it is the 7" strictus of the learned Professor ; because

the authentic specimen for that plant is in our Herbarium, having

been sent from Honduras by Mr. Armstrong; and the two are

identical. We may observe, too, that Nees places his 7: Le-

mairianus next to 7. tubeformis, of which he observes “an

_ JUNE Ist, 1848,

forma var. 7. stricti:” thus showing its affinity to the latter

species; and he does not appear to have seen a specimen, but

to have drawn up his specific character from Lemaire’s figure.

It flowers in February and March, and is highly ornamental.

Descr. A half-shrubby plant of a strict habit, two and a half

to three feet high, including the raceme, glabrous, branched

below. Leaves opposite, a span and more long, oblong, much

acuminated, below decurrent into a short footstalk: the dranches

elongate into a raceme, of which the rachis is minutely downy,

a foot to a foot and a half long, four-sided. Pedicels in pseudo-

whorls, short, subtended by one outer small, and several inner

very minute, subulate bracteas, shorter than the short pedicels.

Calyx quite destitute of bracteas, purplish-red. Corolla rich

scarlet, tubular, approaching to funnel-shaped ; /imd of four,

nearly equal, spreading segments, which are ovate, obtuse, the

upper one bifid. Stamens exserted, oblong; sterile fi/aments

minute, subulate. Ovary oblong-ovate. Style shorter than the

tube of the corolla.

Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. 2. Anther. 3. Pistil :—magnified.

Reeve Benham & Reeve, imp

Tas. 4379.

CORYNOCARPUS taviaara.

Smooth-leaved Corynocarpus.

Nat. Ord. Myrsinacem® ?—PEnTANDRIA Mono@ynia.

Gen. Char. Calyx liber, pentaphyllus, foliolis subrotundis ciliatis concavis im-

bricatis deciduis. Corolle petala 5, subrotunda, ciliata, ealyce paulo majora

imbricata concava. Stamina 5 e basi petalorum, cum iis alternantia; flamenta

crasso-subulata : anthere ovato-oblonge, dorso medio affixee, introrsee. Stamina

sterilia fertilibus alternantia, petaloidea, spathulata, laciniato-serrata, apice bifida.

Glandule perigyne ad basin staminum sterilium obcordate sessiles. Discus

perigynus latiusculus stamina corollam calycemque gerens. Ovarium superum

ovatum, uniloculare: ovudwm solitarium. Stylus ovarii longitudine. Stigma

capitatum, papillosum. “Naa turbinato-clavata, oblonga, monosperma.” —

Arbor Nove Zelandia, Ardisive facie, ramosa; foliis alternis petiolatis obovatis

glaberrimis levibus. Panicula terminalis thyrsoidea, floribus parvis albis globosis

brevissime pedicellatis.

Corynocarrus levigata.

Corrnocarrvs levigata. Forst. Prodr. n.114. Gen. Char. t.16. 4. Rich. Fl.

Nov. Zel. p. 365. All. Cunn. in Tayl. Ann. Nat. Hist. v.4. p.260. Spreng.

Syst. Veget. v.1. p. 78).

MERRETTIA lucida. Sol. MSS. in Bibl. Banks.

A native of New Zealand, drawn from a specimen sent by the

late Mrs. Sherbourne, from her collection at Hurst House, Lan-

cashire, and the only one we have seen; so that in the absence

of fruit, we can only speak, as Mr. Allan Cunningham and

others have done, doubtfully, as to its place in the Natural

System. The position of the seed alone would militate against

its being one of the Myrsinacee, and there is a something mn

the structure of its flowers indicating an affinity very different

from that family. Although the blossoms have little to recom-

mend them, the plant itself “forms a tree,” says Mr.Cunningham, ,

“ Karaka of the natives, upon which the eye of the traveller rests

with pleasure, by reason of its rich dark glossy leaves and highly

ornamental growth ; and it furnishes a plum-like fruit, of which

the drupaceous coat, when fully ripe of a sweetish taste, is eaten

by the natives. The nut or kernel also, upon being deprived (by

_ JUNE Ist, 1848,

steaming and maceration in salt water) of the poisonous property

it is said to possess, is held in considerable estimation by the

New Zealanders, who collect and use it for food, in seasons of

dearth. If eaten without this necessary preparation, the person

becomes seized with severe spasmodic pains and convulsions ;

from which the sufferer, in some cases, does not recover, but

has been observed to die in great agony in a few hours. The

timber is not used for any other purpose than as fire-wood,

being of short fibre and very soft.” It is a green-house plant,

and flowers in May.

Descr. “ A éree, forty feet and more in height,” with rounded

patent éranches. Leaves alternate, petiolate, obovate, rather

obtuse, entire, glabrous and very smooth. Panicle thyrsoid,

terminal. //owers numerous, small, nearly globose, each shortly

pedicellate. Calyx of five imbricated, nearly orbiculate, ciliated,

concave sepals. Petals five, suborbicular, a little longer than the

calyx, concave, ciliated. Stamens five, alternating with five

petaloid abortive ones, at the base of each of which is a large

obcordate gland. All these parts now described are united by

a perigynous disk. Ovary one. Style short. Stigma capitate,

downy. Ovu/e one, suspended from the top of the cell.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Vertical section of ditto. 3. Perigynous disk, showing

the insertion of the petals, stamens, and glands. 4. Stamen. 5. Ovary laid

open :—magnified.

Tas. 4380.

GESNERIA Lisanensis.

Manyflowered Gesneria.

Nat. Ord, GESNERIACEZ.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char, (Vide supra, Tas. 4217.)

GESNERIA Libanensis ; humilis subsimplex, caule perbrevi fruticoso, foliis rosu-

latis approximatis obovato-lanceolatis glabris venoso-rugosis punctato-

scabris obtusis grosse ineequaliter serratis, petiolis canaliculatis hirsutissimis,

pedunculis axillaribus unifloris hirsutis petiolum wquantibus, calyeis pilosi

i tubo turbinato 5-costato, lobis subfoliaceis ovatis acutis patentibus, corolla

pilose tubulosa medio inflata apice paululum connata ore obliquo, limbi

lobis subzequalibus rotundatis brevibus, staminibus styloque inclusis, glan-

dulis epigynis 5.

GesNeRia Libanensis. “* Morren, Ann. de la Soc. d’ Agricult. et de Bot. v. 2.

P. 361. ¢. 84.” Walpers, Repert. v. 6. p. 137.

Rytmornyitium floribundum. “ Van Houtle, Flora du Gwchshr. 2. Heft.12. t.6.”

It is much to be regretted that neither Martius nor Decaisne

as carried out his views of the genera of Gesneriacee in a sufli-

ciently comprehensive manner. Recent discoveries in South

: America have brought to light a great number of species, of

which many are new, others ill described, and all want a

thorough investigation. The present plant is a native of Cuba, and

Was received at the Royal Gardens of Kew from Mr. Van Houtte,

under the name of Rytidophyllum floribundum ; but it neither

des with that genus in character nor in habit. It appears,

coincy

‘ccording to Walpers, who is our authority for the above syno-

iyms, that it was previously described by Morren under the

ume here adopted ; but it ill agrees with true Gesneria, rather

with certain West Indian species in our Herbaria (G.scabra, Sw.

and G. humilis and acaulis, Linn.), which are referred to Conradia

by Martius and De Candolle, though probably without sufficient

Fuination. No family deserves a more thorough revision than

that to which our present plant belongs: the individuals of it

__ PUNE Isr, 1848,

are eminently beautiful, and the greater number well worth

cultivation.

Descr. Fruticose. Stem a few inches high, simple or very

slightly branched, clothed with spreading rosulate foliage chiefly

in the upper part. Leaves three or four inches long, obovato-

lanceolate, rather firm and rigid, somewhat bullate, reticulato-

rugose, glabrous, but rough with minute points which turn

white when dry, the margin very unequally serrated, the under-

side pale. Pefioles short, channelled, almost shaggy with rufous

hairs. Peduncles axillary, rather longer than the petioles,

single-flowered, hairy, with long narrow linear bracteas at their

base. Calyz hairy: the tube wholly adnate with the ovary, five-,

or when more advanced, obscurely ten-angled, turbinate; the

limb of five ovate, somewhat leafy, acute, spreading three-nerved

segments. Corolla half as long as the leaves, tubular, swollen

in the middle, hairy, bright red, the extremity a little decurved,

the mouth oblique, ZimS of five small, spreading, nearly equal,

rounded, spreading, ciliated lobes. Stamens as long as the tube.

Style shorter, with five large three-toothed glands, coadunate at

the base. Stiyma small, two-lobed. Capsule globose, united

with the persistent calyx, shortly two-valved. Seeds copious,

scrobiform. ‘

Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. 2 and 3. Anthers. 4. Calyx and pistil. 5. Ovary

and epigynous gland. 6. Transverse section of an ovary :—magnified.

attended to; and I would particularly mention the Sarsaparilla

(Smilax Sarsaparilla) a plant, so indifferent as to soil, so easy of

cultivation, and so valuable as a remittance home, that too much

care can scarcely be bestowed upon it: much waste land might

be profitably cultivated with it, especially where labour is scarce,

and the economy of it an object.

“ Another plant that deserves to be noticed is the Cotton: any

rupture of the amicable relations now existing between the

United States and Great Britain, would at once cause a great

demand for it in the British Colonies. The attention of many

individuals has already been deservedly turned towards its culti-

vation ; and there is no reason why a plant that flourishes so

luxuriantly should not be one of general and profitable pro-

duction. That variety, from the undyed wool of which the

article commonly known as Nankeen is manufactured, has been

introduced into Jamaica ; and it will afford me much pleasure

to distribute seeds to any person desirous of rearing it. The

wild Cinnamon (Canella alba) and the St. Lucia Bark (Ezostemma

Caribeum), articles in demand at home, and exported from other

parts of the West Indies, are unheeded and but little known here,

though frequently found growing about our doors, and com-

manding a remunerating price.

“ Trusting that I shall not trespass too much on your time, I beg

to direct your attention to one other subject,—our quick Fences.

These must always be matter of interest to the agricultural popu-

lation of this island; but though of vast importance they have

been generally subject to much ill management in several

ways, principally from the mode of treatment they are subjected

to in training and pruning, and not unfrequently from the inap-

plicability of the species of plant to a peculiar locality. Hedges

when young should be cut back to within a little of the root,

and the plants left at regular distances from each other, a process

which is sure to produce a growth of strong, healthy, upright, and

lateral shoots ; instead of which a young fence is cut to the height

it is intended to remain, and lopped once a-year afterwards (instead

of pruning), thereby causing a flow of sap to the extremities,

which results in a growth of weak wood at the top, and bare and

naked stems at the bottom. The logwood, orange, and lime have

usually been the materials for fences here. In the East, the

“ Gmelina Asiatica,’ the “ Cesalpinia sepiaria,”’ and the “ Ses-

bania Aiyyptiaca”’ are chiefly employed for that purpose,and as

these are all introduced, it would be well to have their respective

merits tested by comparisons with the logwood, &e. The formet

have no doubt, is superior to any thing that has been yet tried.

“There now only remains to me the agreeable duty of recording

my obligations to those who have in any way contributed to the

welfare of the Garden under my care; and I can scarcely be too

earnest in the expression of my feelings towards Sir Wm. Jackson

Hooker, who, while directing the first Botanic Garden in the

world, has not been unmindful of other establishments, of vastly

inferior importance. ‘To this gentleman I am indebted for the

introduction of the Mangostan, a plant which money could

not procure, and for other productions both useful and beau-

tiful, calculated to add greatly to the comfort and pleasure of

the inhabitants of this island.

“My thanks are likewise due to the Rev. Mr. Wharton, of

whose choice collection I have freely shared; and also to Mr.

Purdie, the Curator of the Botanic Garden at Trinidad, from

whom I have received seeds of many valuable plants, hitherto

unknown in Jamaica. That old and well-regulated establishment

promises to be of the utmost importance, by contributing many

plants altogether unknown here, and re-establishing others which

had been lost through the system of change in management

to which this Garden had unfortunately been subject, whereby

its utility was in a great measure lessened to the country.”

NatHantent WILSON.

Botanical extracts from Mr. Low's History or Borneo.

(Continued from p. 21.)

Botanical Articles of Zxport from Borneo.

Having already described the vegetable products of Borneo

which are chiefly used in the country, we proceed to notice such

as are principally collected for exportation. First comes the

Camphor, called by the natives, and in commerce, Kapur Barus,

or Barus Camphor, and so termed to distinguish it from the

produce of the Lawrus Camphora or Japan Camphor. The name

is derived from the place, Barus in Sumatra, where it is princi-

pally obtained and whence it was perhaps first exported. The

true Dryobalanops Camphora, which affords the valuable drug,

has hitherto been only found in Borneo and Sumatra: and even

on these islands it is confined to the northern parts. Mr. Marsden

says the tree is very common in Sumatra, in the country of the

Battas, but does not grow south of the Line. I once detected

some trees of Dryobalanops in Sarawak, where they were, perhaps,

common, but have been destroyed in extracting the camphor ; a

conjecture strengthened by the fact that one of these trees on

being felled displayed a notch in the trunk ; and it is customary

thus to examine whether they contain camphor. On Labuhan,

the Camphor-tree grows abundantly and is one of the noblest

ornaments of the jungle: it has a fine straight stem, from which

the bark separates in large flakes; the foliage is very dense,

forming a well-shaped head, and the trunk is often ninety feet

high, before giving off a single branch. It is alleged that the

younger and smaller trees produce as much camphor as the old

and larger individuals. ‘This substance is found in a concrete

state in the crevices of the wood, and it can unfortunately only

be extracted by felling the tree, which is afterwards cut into

blocks and split with the wedges, when the camphor, which is

white and transparent, can be easily removed. An essential oil

also resides in the hollows of the wood and the natives crystallize

it artificially, but the drug so obtained is not equally prized with

that which is found naturally crystallized. The Borneans, though

they occasionally use camphor medicinally, do not esteem it so,

much as the Chinese. The price obtained in China for the

produce of the Dryodalanops Camphora, or Kapur Barus, exceeds

that of Japan by twenty to one: but it is alleged that super-

stition has much to do with this disproportion and that though

the trees are dissimilar, the chemical properties of the Bornean

and Japan Camphor are nearly the same.

Several species of Dipterocarpus produce a nut from which a

fatty oil is expressed ; and the substance in question has been

extensively vended in England under the name of Vegetable

Tallow and Vegetable Wax. The tree most valued for yielding

it, grows on the banks of the Sarawak river : it is about forty

feet high, with large foliage, and branches drooping towards the

water ; its appearance is beautiful and it bears fruit in great

profusion and as large as a Wallnut, with two long wings to the

seed. The natives collect and press the nuts, which yield a

large quantity of oil, which assumes the appearance and con-

sistency of sperm. It is at present only used for cooking ; but

When the demand for it in Europe becomes better known in

Borneo, the people will manufacture it more extensively. It is

considered in England to surpass. even Olive oil for lubricating

machinery, and it has been made into excellent candles at

Manilla. The quick growth of the tree and the profusion of

fruit which it bears, are strong recommendations, and will

render its culture a profitable speculation. The same species of

Dryobalanops has been found in Java and Sumatra.

The Pangium edule affords an oil which is eaten by the Dyaks,

who cultivate the tree, which does not grow wild in Borneo.

Its large fruit contains many seeds, imbedded in deleterious

pulp.

Wood oil is obtained from a tree of the order Myrtacee. To

procure it, a large hole is cut in the trunk, and fire is put in,

when the oil is attracted by the heat. ‘The natives mix it with

Dammar, for paying the seams of their boats, and substitute it

for linseed oil in mingling paints ; it is considered very effectual

in preserving wood from the effects of the weather.

Many other esculent oils of fine quality are obtained from the

seeds of different forest-trees, as the Wiato, or Gutta Percha, of

the Malay Peninsula; but the people, having an extensive

choice, take little trouble to procure them, though it cannot be

doubted they would repay the merchant or traveller who should

institute researches on the subject of their respective properties.

The Gutta Percha tree is said to be found in all the forests of

Malacca, Borneo, and Singapore, and the adjacent islands: fortu-

nate it is that such is the case, for the quantity is already much

diminished. The natives have no other mode of procuring the gum

than by felling the trees and ringing the bark at distances of

12 to 18 inches, when a cocoa-nut shell receives the flowing sap

from each incision. It is customary to inspissate the sap by

boiling it, but this process is not necessary: in a short time it

consolidates and assumes the same appearance of itself.

The quantity of Gutta obtained from each tree is from five to

twenty catties: the catty being equivalent to a pound and three

quarters English weight. Its great and most valuable property

is that of becoming soft and plastic when immersed in water

above the temperature 150° Fahr. It may then be moulded

into any required form, which it retains on cooling. The Malays

manufacture it into whips, baskets, basins and jugs, shoes, traces,

and vessels of various kinds.

Another substance, resembling caoutchouc in its properties,

may be obtained in large quantities in Borneo and many other

islands, and on the Peninsula: it is the produce of a climbing

Urceola, whose trunk grows to the size of a man’s body. The

bark, which is soft and thick with a very rough appearance,

emits on being cut an immense flow of sap, and the tree is

uninjured by the process. ‘There are three kinds of it in Borneo

and all of them are known by the name of Jintarvan; the caout-

chouc which they yield has been proved, by analysis, equal to

and like that procured from the Ficus elastica. The fruit, which is

large and of a fine apricot colour, contains twelve or more seeds,

_ ~~

Tas. 4381,

RHODODENDRON Niaciricum.

Neelgherry Rhododendron.

Nat. Ord. Ertctnra.—Decanpria Monoeynia.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4336.)

RiopopENDRON Nilagiricum; arboreum, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis coria-

ceis reticulatim venosis margine revolutis supra opacis subtus dense laxe

ferrugineo-tomentosis, racemo terminali capitato amplo, calyce parvo bre-

vissime 5-lobo, corolla campanulata segmentis undulatis rotundatis bilobis,

filamentis declinatis inequalibus, ovario hirsuto 10-loculari.

RiHopopENDRON Nilagiricum. “ Zenker, Plant. Nilag. cum Ic.” Ann. Se. Nat:

Bot. 2nd Series, v. 6. p. 150.

In no instance whatever have I seen, cither in gardens or in

native specimens, the true Rhododendron arboreum having the

leaves covered beneath with lax, dark, rusty tomentum ; nor are

they so described by Sir James Smith,* the original authority

for the plant. His term is very expressive, “clothed with white

dense downiness beneath, so compact, indeed, that it gives them

quite a silvery aspect ;” and “folia subtus argenteo-pannosa’

would perhaps describe the appearance better than any other

words. Such is exactly the case with original specimens of

Sir James Smith in my Herbarium: such are those of Dr. Wallich

from Nepal, collected in 1821; and such are our friend Dr.

Thomas Thomson’s specimens, gathered at Nynee Tal, Kamaon.

The upper surface of the leaves, too, is smooth and somewhat

glossy, indistinctly impressed with reticulations.

In the spring of the present year I had the pleasure of

Teceiving, from Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co., the fine

Specimen of Rhododendron here figured, the offspring of “seed

Sent from Nepal.” So different are the leaves from those of

R. arboreum, that I certainly considered it distinct ; and, on com-

* Exotic Botany, tab. 6. See also an excellent figure of R. arboreum, in Bot.

S- t.890; where the author describes the underside of the leaves as “ argenteo-

ta,” a character totally at variance with our plant.

JULY lst, 1848. yi

CaN,

crt Pe ee ae eee ee ee

paring it with specimens received from the Neelgherry hills

(‘‘ Rhododendron sp.” Herb. Wight, propr. sine numero, and

from Sir Frederick Adam), I have no hesitation in pro-

nouncing it to be the same, and in adopting the name given to

it by Zenker in the work above quoted. It should be observed

that Drs. Wight and Arnott, in their distributed specimens, refer

to “ R. nobile, Wall. Cat. n. 1521 ¢,” which is the identical

Neelgherry plant. For my own part, with a Herbarium pretty rich

in arborescent Rhododendra, 1 have seen nothing corresponding

to this, except from the Neelgherries. But if, as there seems no

reason to doubt, the seeds of the one here given were derived

from Northern India (a region very remote from the Neelgherry

chain), then it becomes a question whether Dr. Wallich’s

“ R. arboreum,” figured in Plante <Asiatice Rariores, (vol. 0.

p. 23. p. 123), var. foliis subtus ferrugineo-tomentosis, flori-

bus albis,’” may not be a. state of this; though the figure

does not represent the leaves so rufous and so tomentose as In

our plant; nor do I think that the learned author intends to

describe the kind of tomentum seen on R. Nilagiricum ; for he

speaks of the difference of his plant from arboreum consisting

only in the more or less brown colour of the leaves of the lower

surface. In regard to the hue of the flowers I may mention

that it varies, as is seen by my dried Neelgherry specimens,

from deep crimson to rose colour, which latter is the state of our

individual.

It will be observed that we are speaking of a plant derived

directly from Indian seeds, and not of one that has been hybri-

dized in our gardens, which is so much done, that we stand

a great chance of losing the original types in our collections.

R. Nilagiricum is a most lovely shrub, and, what adds to its

value, perfectly hardy, having endured several winters in the

open ground in Messrs. Lucombe and Pince’s Nursery. It

_ flowered in April, 1848, in the said Nursery, and we believe it is

the first of the species that has blossomed in this country.

We have the pleasure of being able to announce that another and most dis-

tinct arborescent Rhododendron, of great beauty, with dark red or puce-coloured

heads of flowers, large, coriaceous, glossy foliage, and with the young branches,

peduncles, and fruit clothed with long, stiff, glandular hairs or bristles, has been

raised from Nepal seeds, by Messrs. Francis and James Dickson, of the Upton

Nurseries, Chester. It is the Rhododendron barbatum of Wallich, hitherto un-

’ known, except by the specimens distributed by that liberal botanist from the

herbarium. We greatly regret that we had not the opportunity of figuring this,

when it blossomed there, in the early part of May; for, with the splendid colour

of the true R. arborewm, it unites the advantage of being perfectly hardy, the

original plant having stood out of doors in the climate of Cheshire for the last

seven years, without protection. It has also flowered at the Marquis of West-

minster’s, and we are informed that Messrs. Dickson have now plants on sale, .

at their Upton Nurseries, Chester.

: a —-~ -

Bi ea er. oe

Tas. 4382.

VRIESIA speciosa.

Showy Vriesia.

Nat. Ord. Bromeniace®.—HeExanpria Monoeynta.

Gen. Char. Sepala tria, convoluta, sequalia, petalis apice revolutis (an semper ?)

breviora. Sguame cuique petalo 2, semiadnate indivisee. Stamina exserta,

3 libera, petalorum basi inserta, 3 inter petala inserta iisque basi connata: an-

there \ineares, plane, posticee. Ovarium semi-inferum conicum ; stigma 3-lobum,

lobis convolutis et sinuatis, villosis—TFolia plana (seu canaliculata), erecta.

Flores distichi, bracteis magnis canaliculatis coloratis, Lindl.

VRIESTA speciosa; foliis lato-oblongis obtusis cum mucrone canaliculatis integer-

rimis glabris nudis transverse nigro-vittatis, scapo squamoso nigro-maculato,

spica elongata coccinea, bracteis coloratis lanceolatis acuminatis arete im-

bricatis conduplicato-carinatis unifloris, floris albis bracteis superantibus.

Tinianpsta splendens. Hort. Paris.

I have little hesitation in referring this beautiful plant to

Dr. Lindley’s genus Vriesia, established on the Zil/andsia psit-

éacina, Hook., notwithstanding some slight discrepancies in the

character. The author refers it to Zillandsia heliconioides, Kunth ;

and I think it the 7. setacea, Sw. (Bot. Mag. t.3275). All

have flowers resembling Piteairnia, but a very different inflo-

rescence, firm, coloured, distichous bracteas, which constitute

the great ornament of the plant. The leaves are here also hand-

Some, with black transverse bands. We owe the possession

of this in the stoves of Kew to Mr. Newman of the Jardin des

Plantes at Paris, from whom we received it under the garden

name of Tillandsia splendens. ee

Drscr. Leaves radical, a span and more long, lorate-oblong,

canaliculate, or almost semicylindrical, very concave at the base,

the margin entire, the apex reflexed, blunt, but tipped with

4 mucro, the margin entire, colour dark green with black trans-

verse bands. Scape arising from the centre of the leaves, a foot

and a half long (including the spike), terete, scaly, green, with

black spots: this is terminated by a compact, lanceolate, bright

red, glossy spike of numerous lanceolate, acuminate, complicato-

Compressed, carinated, closely imbricated éracés, each including

_ JULY Isr, 1848. H 2

a single white fower. Flower longer than the bract, cylindrical,

curved, soon withering. Calya of three oblong, scarious, obtuse,

erect sepals. Corolla of three linear-spathulate petals, with two

scales within at the base. Stamens six, rather longer than the

petals. Ovary almost, if not quite, superior. Sfy/e filiform,

longer than the stamen.

Fig. 1. Flower :—wat. size. 2. Petal. 3. Pistil :—magnified.

Tas. 4383.

TETRAZYGIA ELaAGNOIDES.

Lleagnus-like Tetrazygia.

Nat. Ord. MeLastomace®.—Drcanpria Monoeynia.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus globosus urceolatusve, limbus ultra ovarium productus,

persistens, breve 4-(5-)dentatus. Pet. 4 (5) obovata. Stam. 4—8 (10) aequalia.

Aunthere \ineares basi obtuse apice 1-porose. Ovarium glabrum, Stylus fili-

formis. Stigma punctiforme. Capsula baceata 4-(5-)locularis. Semina innu-

mera cuneato-angulata, nitida, hilo linearii—Frutices Carid@i. Rami _petioli

foliaque subtus albida furfuracea aut lepidota. Folia ovalia aut oblonga discolora

3-nervia petiolata, Cyma trichotoma terminalis. Flores albi, ebracteolati. DC.

(Sect. Octo-Decastemon.)

TETRAZYGIA eleagnoides; ramis teretiusculis, petiolis foliisque subtus pube

lepidota subpulverulenta adpressa albido-rufescentibus, foliis oblongo-ovatis

acuminatis 3-nerviis subcoriaceis supra glabris, paniculo terminali, floribus

3—5-meris, calycis urceolati limbo obsolete 4—5-dentato.

TETRAZYGIA eleagnoides. Sw. Ind. Occ. v.2. p.815. Vahl, Ic. Pl. Am. v. 2.

p.28. Rich. in Bonpl. Melast. t.13? De Cand. Prodr. v.3. p.172. Spreng.

Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 304.

A West Indian plant, as are all the species of the genus.

Our specimen was obligingly communicated from Syon House

by Her Grace the Dowager Duchess of Northumberland, having

been raised from Jamaica seeds. We have fine native specimens

from Jamaica and also from Bahamas (with narrower leaves and

Tore obtuse at the base). It is also found in the Danish West

Indian islands. Had we only Swartz’s original description to

appeal to, I should have no doubt of our Jamaica plant being

the same with that of Swartz, except that the flowers are penta-

merous, instead of tetramerous; but the figures quoted by

De Candolle, do represent the leaves much smaller and more

attenuated or acute at the base than any I have seen. In other

respects they agree. It flowered in March.

Descr. A moderately sized branching shruvd: with the

— branches subterete, and they and the petioles and peduncles,

calye and underside of the leaf, silvery and whitish, or pale

Townish-green, from numerous minute, dense, furfuraceous

JULY Ist, 1848.

scales. Leaves on rather short petioles, between oblong and

ovate, sharply acuminated, coriaceous, 3-nerved, the nerves con-

nected by many transverse veins ; the margin entire, the upper

side dark green, glabrous. Panicle terminal, with many rather

large white flowers. Calyx urceolate, slightly tuberculate, the

limb cup-shaped, in our plant five short teeth or angles. Petals

five, obovate, acute. Sfamens ten, curved, inclined to one side.

Filaments subulate. Anther yellow, broad, subulate, compressed,

about as long as the filaments. Ovary five-celled. Style shorter

than the stamens, flexuous. Stigma obtuse.

Fig. 1. Stamen. 2. Calyx and pistil :—magnified.

aeeve Om

Reeve Benham %

Tas. 4384.

ACACIA arGyROPHYLLA.

- Silver-leaved Acacia.

Nat. Ord. Leguminosa#.—Po.yGAMIA PoLYANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4306.)

Acacta argyrophylla; ramis angulatis, foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis obscure

penninerviis pulcherrime argenteo-sericeis hine margine medium versus

uniglandulosis, capitulis multifloris solitariis v. racemosis, calycis laciniis

clavatis corollisque ciliatis.

This species is one of the many novelties sent by Mr. Drum-

mond from the Swan River Settlement, and is no less beautiful

in the foliage (phyllodia) than in its copious large heads of deep

yellow flowers. The phyllodia are like the leaves of Podalyria

sericea, everywhere clothed with a glossy silky cobweb, in the

young leaves partaking of a yellow tint. Already our shrub is

five feet high, very much branched, of graceful and compact

growth, with phyllodia more like leaves than those of almost any

other species. It flowers in April.

Descr. A tall shrud, with numerous erecto-patent branches. The

latter are angled, the young ones silky, yellow-green. Phyllodia

from one inch and a half to two inches and a half or more long,

obovato-oblong, very obtuse, pointless, and opening below into a

very short footstalk, clothed on both sides with a compact, glossy, :

silky, and silvery down, the younger leaves richly tinged with

yellow ; the margin is a little thickened, and, about the middle

of the upper edge, is a gland. Stipules obsolete. Heads of

Jlowers rather large, globose, deep yellow, solitary or racemed ;

the racemes usually shorter than the leaves. Calyx of five

clavate, ciliated segments. Corolla, with the petals, oblong,

ciliated. Stamens numerous. Style about the length of the

filaments.

Fig. 1. Flower :—magnified.

JULY lst, 1848,

4385S.

Pitch , del et Lith.

Tap. 4385.

TROPAOLUM Smriruit.

Sir James Smith's Nasturtium.

Nat. Ord. TropmoLe®.—OctTaNnpRIA Mono@ynia.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4337.)

TropxoLum Smithii ; foliis peltinerviis quinquelobo-palmatis, segmentis acutis

mucronatis nunc incisis, stipulis profunde laciniatis, pedunculo elongato

cirrhato, petalis cuneatis duobus superioribus minoribus sessilibus 3 infe-

rioribus unguiculatis omnibus laciniato-ciliatis, calcare subulato rectiuseulo

calyce longiore.

Tropxoium Smithii. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p- 684.

TRopouum peregrinum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.2. p.668. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 2.

Pp. 226. (fide Sm. non L. Sp. Pl. ed.2.) excl. Syn. Feuill. Lamarck, Ill. t.277.

J.3. Sm.in Rees, Cycl. n. 4. (non Jacq.)

Another and very distinct and elegant species of Zropeolum,

for the introduction of which to our gardens we are indebted to

Messrs. Veitch and Son, and to their indefatigable collector,

William Lobb. It is a native of high mountains in Columbia,

whence we have copious native specimens in our Herbarium, not

only sent by Mr. Lobb, but by Colonel Hall, who gives the

elevation at Lloa, 9000 feet above the level of the sea. The

learned De Candolle has done well to discard the Linnean name

of peregrinum, which properly belongs to the 7. adunacum of Smith

(the “ Canary Bird Flower” of cottage gardens). For, what-

ever plant Linnaeus may have intended under that name in after

time, it is certain that he established it, in the first instance, on

the authority of Feuillée’s figure (vol. ii. p. 736. t. 42) only,

which he quotes, and adds, “Hab. in Peru; nondum mihi visum

in Europa:”—and that figure is Smith’s and De Candolle’s

aduncum. Treated as the Tropeolum majus and minus, there is

every reason to believe that it will prove as hardy. It flowers

through the summer months.

Descr. Annual? oof not tuberous. Whole plant glabrous.

Stems twining, succulent. eaves peltate, on long, slender,

JULY Ist, 1848,

twisted, cirrhiform petioles, palmately five-lobed, lobes oblong or

lanceolate, acute and mucronate, in native specimens not un-

frequently incised here and there. Stipules small, but fringed

with long ciliz. Pedwacles axillary, solitary, filiform, twisted,

longer than the petioles, one-flowered. Calya coloured, dull

brick red, terminating behind in a long, nearly straight, subulate

spur, green at the tip: segments of the calyx ovate, acuminate,

shorter than the petals. Petals cuneate, orange, all toothed and

fringed, the fringe and veins red : the two upper petals small and

sessile ; three lower the largest and unguiculate. Stamens and

style shorter than the petals.

Fig. 1. Upper petal. 2. Lower one :—magnified.

Tas. 4386.

CANTUA -pyriFoLia.

Pear-leaved Cantua.

Nat. Ord. PoLEMonNIACcE®.—PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Gen, Char. Calyx urceolato- vel tubuloso-campanulatus 5-dentatus v. 8-5-

fidus. Cor, tubulosa, limbi subpatentis laciniis subaequalibus obovatis. Stamina

prope basin tubi inserta, e tubo exserta. Discus brevis, carnosus. Ovarii loculi

multiovulati. Capsula coriacea, trivalvis. Semina biseriatim adscendentia, imbri-

cata, compressa, in alam expansa.—Frutices v, arbores Peruviane. Folia alterna,

crassiuscula, integerrima v. sinuato-dentata. Flores speciosi ad apices ramorum

thyrsoideo-corymbosi, rarius in axillis superioribus subsolitarii. DC.

Cantua pyrifolia; foliis ellipticis obovatisve petiolatis acutis pubescenti-pilosis

(nunc glabris) integerrimis v. grosse sinuato-dentatis dentibus acutis

corymbis ramosis, floribus erectis incurvis, calyce bilabiato, labiis 2-3-den-

tatis, staminibus corollam duplo superantibus. :

Canrva pyrifolia. Juss. Ann. Mus. v. 3. p.117. t. 7. Lam. Illustr. t.106. f. 1.

De Cand. Prodr. v.9. p. 320.

Cantua Loxensis. Willd. in Schult. Syst. Veget. v. 4. p. 369.

Canrva flexuosa. Pers. Syn. v. 1. p. 187.

PERIPHRAGMOs flexuosus. Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per. v. 2. p. 17. t.1381.

Of all the Polemoniacee, and many of them it must

be acknowledged are very handsome, some species of the

present genus, Cantua, are pre-eminently beautiful. We have

now the pleasure of announcing a species reared in this country, —

for the first time, by Messrs. Veitch and Sons, at their Nursery,

Exeter, from seeds sent by their collector, Mr. William Lobb,

from Peru. This is, however, by no means the most showy

of the Cantuas. C. quercifolia has pure white flowers, nestled

among leaves, as large as those of our oaks; and the C. buaifolia

has deep rose-coloured blossoms, full four inches long. C. pyr?-

Jolia is, however, liable to vary : some of the specimens gathered

by Mathews, as observed by De Candolle, have narrower flowers ;

and the native specimens have more generally entire leaves, and

Somewhat more like those of a pear, than the specimen here

figured. It flowered in March, 1848.

JULY Ist, 1848.

Duscr. A branching shrub, with scattered, shortly petioled

leaves varying much in size and outline, from one inch to (occa-

sionally) three and four inches in length, elliptic or obovate,

acute, scarcely coriaceous, entire, or sinuato-dentate, the teeth

acute, glabrous, or with scattered Aairs, so as to be indistinctly

downy. In general, the leaves nearest the inflorescence are the

smallest and glabrous. Corymd terminal, compound. Mowers

rather numerous, compact. Pedicels half an inch or more long.

Calyx cylindrical, ovate, green, tinged with brown, generally

two-lipped: one lip has two, the other three, ciliated teeth.

Corolla funnel-shaped, curved, yellowish-white or dark cream-

coloured: ¢wbe longer than the calyx: Zimd nearly erect, of five

broadly oval, or obovate segments. Stamens nearly twice as

long as the corolla. Filaments curved. Anthers oblong, yellow.

Germen ovate, on a large fleshy disk, three-celled. Style rather

longer than the stamen. Stigma trifid.

‘

Fig. 1. Calyx and pistil. 2. Ovary. 3. Section of ditto :—magnified.

enveloped in a rich reddish pulp, which is very grateful to the

palate of a European.

Many other Bornean trees afford a sap, which probably possesses

similar properties to the Gutta Percha. But till a less wasteful

mode of procuring these substances is devised than the felling of

the trees, it were no boon to the island to create a demand for

them.

The celebrated Upas, Antiaris Toxicaria, is found near Sariwak,

but it is not common. One fine specimen, which Mr. Low ex-

amined, grew to about sixty feet high. Its bark is white, and

the stem is propped, as it were, below, with those processes

resembling buttresses, which are common in the trees of tropical

jungles. The poisonous juice exudes freely, when the bark is

tapped; and the natives hold the Upas in much superstitious

terror, though no authentic particulars exist of its injurious

properties, unless when introduced into the circulation of the

blood, when it seems undeniably among the most active of vege-

table poisons. The tree is called Bina by the Borneans: Upas

being a name they give to the sap itself, and to all vegetable

poisons. E.

Dammar is a resinous gum, afforded by many trees, differing

from one another and from the Dammara orientalis of “ Marsden’s

Sumatra.” This substance is applied to various purposes,

caulking the seams of boats, and (when contained in Bamboos)

for making torches: it gives a flaring and smoky light, and is

chiefly used by the lowest classes. ;

A wild kind of Cinnamon grows in Borneo, which considerably

-Tesembles the true Cinnamon of Ceylon. It is not collected by

the natives. 5

Cotton is raised by the Dyaks for making their cloths, and a

sample of it, sent home to Liverpool, was pronounced of excellent

quality. It is likely that, in process of time, its culture will be

advantageously pursued, from the facility of exportation to China.

Pepper has long been exported in large quantities from several

Bornean ports, especially Bruni; but, during the disturbances

at the latter place, the trade has dwindled away, owing to the

expulsion of the Chinese, who to the number, it is said, of

30,000, employed themselves exclusively in rearing the spice. +

It is a curious fact, observed by all writers on the productions

of the East, that Pepper is universally esteemed, except by the

people of the countries where it is grown. This remark holds

good in Borneo, where its use in cookery is reprobated, and the

Malays prefer a small kind of capsicum. In the beginning of

is century, the district of Banjumasin alone, on the south

coast of Borneo, was capable of producing 1,500 tons of this

spice.

2 Coffee has been tried in the gardens of Europeans with great

success: the berry is fine and well flavoured. The hills on the

mainland, opposite Labuhan, are well adapted for its culture;

for there, as in Ceylon, the grower would be spared the trouble

and cost of raising trees among the plantations, to shade the

Coffee bushes from the sun, a precaution which is found requisite

in Java. In Ceylon, an altitude of between 3,000 and 4,000

feet is the best locality for the Coffee estates ; the fruit produced

at that height is particularly well tasted and abundant. : os

Gambier (Uncaria) is not cultivated in Borneo, though it 18

occasionally seen wild: that used by the Malays for chewing

with their Siri, is imported from Singapore, where its growth

is said to exhaust the soil to a degree which it takes many years

to recover,

Tobacco is reared in small quantities ; but the people are un-

skilful in preparing it. Ifa good sort were procured, and the

proper mode of manufacturing it were known, “ the Virgiman

weed” might become as profitable to the Borneans as it 1s to

their neighbours of the Philippines and Java; and the Dyaks

would be found very willing to rear a plant with whose use they

are acquainted.

Besides the above imperfectly enumerated vegetable produc-

tions, many others promise to be valuable. Spices of several

kinds would probably thrive ; Vanil/a, for instance, which fetches

a high price and is of easy culture. The Cocoa Tree of Manilla

(Theobroma Cacao) has been tested and found to yield fruit of -

admirable quality. We have already spoken of Cotton. ‘The

Musa teetilis, which affords the fine Manilla cordage (a kind of

Plantain), would also ‘thrive. Ginger grows well in all the

native gardens, and Zwrmeric abounds in a wild state.

Many kinds of oil might be produced in perfection : in short,

there is every reason to believe that most of the precious Indian

and ‘Tropical products would well repay the Bornean grower.

And now that the British settlers in this island will be acknow-

ledged and protected by our Government at home, the spirit of

national enterprise will shortly bring to light the immense vege-

table resources of this privileged country.

Many and valuable kinds of timber are produced by the

magnificent forests of Borneo. Their botanical characters are

little known, and it would therefore be useless to enumerate the

native names, such as Balean, Bintangur, Mungris, &c., by

which they are designated, and which would convey no single

idea to a scientific mind. Some are useful for ship-building :

others have a wonderful faculty of resisting the influence of

water, the atmosphere, and even the destructive White Ants;

while others again produce large quantities of Vegetable Tallow.

Charcoal, pot-ash, and pearl-ashes are yielded by burning the

timber of others. %ony grows in many places, and the rungas

is a handsome red wood, capable of receiving a fine polish, and

much prized at Singapore for the purpose of making ornamental

furniture. Generally speaking, however, there are not many

sorts of ornamental wood in the island. Several scented kinds

are known, though few of them are collected; and those which

the inhabitants do procure, they have not yet learned to turn to

- profit by exporting them. The Sandal-wood, though it grows

on ‘Timor, has not, at present, been observed in Borneo.

Lignum Aloes, called Garu by the aborigines, is sent to Arabia

and China, where it is purchased for making incense: it seems

to be caused by the disease of particular trees ; for this scented

and resinous part of the trunk is only procurable after the tree

has been cut down and is decayed.

Dye-stuffs and Tannin are the produce of many barks and

fruits in these Isles of the Indian Ocean. They are, however,

only used for home-consumption.

——_——_——

The Flowers of Borneo.

It has been said, and with much truth, that no country in the

world produces such ravishing perfumes as the Isles of the

Malayan Archipelago. The flowers of Borneo, in particular, are —

as lovely aud sweet-scented as her forests are extensive and

stately. The odours of Velur (a species of Jasmine), Champaka

(a Michelia), and Kananga (Uvaria) ave everywhere known and

prized. The woods also abound in shrubs and flowers, which

delight the eye and attract the botanist’s curiosity by their rich

hues and peculiar structure. As in most tropical countries, the

Orchideous Tribes are numerous and lovely; and, especially on

the open banks, where they enjoy their chief requisites of sun

and moisture, these charming parasites may be seen entwining

with their short-lived beauty the otherwise unsightly and naked

trunks of the decaying trees.

The genus Ce/logyne has the advantage of great fragrance

besides the delicacy of its white and orange flowers ; and several

Species of Vanda abound, equalling those of the continent of

India in beauty. One kind, which produces remarkably large

blossoms, and which has been successfully introduced into

England, has been named by Dr. Lindley, V. Lowez, after its h

fortunate discoverer. :

Again, one kind of Cypripedium, or Lady's Slipper, which

grows in Borneo, excels all those previously known ; and while

the genus Dendrobium, which is the pride of India, presents only

small-flowered species in Borneo, the genus ria is rich in

varied and eminently beautiful kinds. Cirrhopetalon, Bolbo-

. phyllum, and others of the more minute Orchidee abound, and

are highly curious, delicate, and beautiful, compensating, by

their interesting forms, for the want of gaudy colours and large

size.

To pass from Orchideous plants, of which the culture 1s now

so much favoured in England, we find the same localities, namely,

river-banks and the dense underwood of the jungles, exhibiting

many beautiful species of Zzora and Pavetta. The former bears

large bunches of flowers, which vary into all the intermediate

shades, from pale orange to crimson; while the latter presents

tufts of delicate snow-white blossoms. Other Rubiaceae abound,

and are among the most fragrant and beautiful of the wild

plants of Borneo. | A

Perhaps no plants are more gorgeous than the different

kinds of Rhododendron, one in particular, which Mr. Lowe has

named after Rajah Brooke. Its large heads of flowers are

produced in abundance all the year round, and excel in size

those of any known species: they frequently consist of eighteen

flowers, which are of all possible hues, from a pale and rich

yellow to reddish salmon-colour; when the sun shines upon

them, these blossoms sparkle with the brilliancy of gold dust.

Three other sorts have a fine inflorescence, one crimson,

another red, and the third of a rich tint between these colours.

Four species of Clerodendron adorn the banks of the Sarawak

river : two of them, which are fragrant, bear white flowers, another

is scarlet, and another crimson. The latter is the handsomest :

it forms a shrub, ten feet high, each branch tipped with a large

loose spike of rich crimson blossoms; the head of flowers 1s

often three feet from the foliage, forming, with the equally

crimson bracts and stems, a magnificent pyramid of bloom, each

blossom relieved by its white centre and protruding stamens ;

and the foliage is likewise ornamental, being large, dense, and

heart-shaped. This Clerodendron, which now grows well in

England, has been named after Captain Béthune, R.N., who

brought it and several other fine plants from Borneo, where its

4387.

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Tas. 4387. .

NAPOLEONA imperriauts.

Imperial Napoleona.

Nat. Ord. Batvistex, Br.—NapoLEone®, Endl.—MonabDELPutA

DECANDRIA,

Gen. Char. Calyx adhzerens, coriaceus, 5-fidus, wstivatione valvatus. Corolla

e verticillis tribus monopetalis constans, quorum exterior maximus, concavo-

subhemisphericus multiplicatus multidentatus, intermedius corona (ut in Passi-

flora) profunde usque ad basin in lacinias filiformes patentes fissus, ixtimus

erectus, cyathiformis, margine multifido inflexo. Stamina 10 (20, Lindl.) corolle

interioris basi inserta, serie simplici basi monadelpha; filamentis membranaceis,

latis, inflexis ; antheris adnatis bilocularibus. Discus annularis subcyathiformis.

Ovarium adherens, carnosum, loculis 5 ; ovulis 20, campylotropis, superpositis,

per paria apici placente axillis semilibere affixis. Stylus pentagonus, angulis

subalatis ; stigma disciforme pentagonum 5-radiatum, intra angulos glandulam

verruciformem (an verum stigma) gerens. Frutices Mali Punici magnitudine,

“cortice (in N. Vogelii) extus rubescente punctulis albis crebre consperso ;

septis pulposis in speciminibus nostris exsiccatis et semicollapsis et cum integu-

mento seminum conglutinatis.” Semina fabee magnitudine, reniformia, exalbu-

minosa ; cotyledonibus plano-convexis, radicula immersa. Lindl._—paucis mutatis.

NapoLeona imperialis ; foliis subcoriaceis late oblongis acuminatis.

NapoLgona imperialis. Pad.de Beauv. Fl. d Oware et de Bénin, v. 2. p. 29. t. 78

(figura mala). Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1844, p. 780, 1. cum Ic. and Bot. Reg.

1844, Suppl. p. 77.

Napotrona Heudelotii. Ady. de Juss. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. N. 8. v. 2. p. 227.

A more than ordinary interest has attached to this plant,

arising partly from the circumstances under which the species

was discovered, and partly from its name, given in honour of one

of the most remarkable men that ever lived, and, still more,

perhaps, from the singular structure and colour of the flower, as

exhibited in the figure of the Baron Palisot de Beauvois ;—so

remarkable, indeed, that doubts have been expressed of the very

existence of the plant. .

“ Dans lan 1786 le fils d’un roi négre (writes M. de J ussieu)

des cdtes d'Afrique, avoit été amené en France, par un capitaime

de vaisseau, qui, aprés quelques mois de séjour, fut chargé de le

AUGUST Ist, 1848. :

reconduire dans sa patrie, connue sous le nom d’ Oware, pays

voisin de la ligne et limitrophe du royaume de Bénin. M. de

Beauvois, privé, par une mesure générale, d'une charge con-

sidérable de finance qu'il exergait, voulut profiter de sa liberté

et de cette occasion pour faire des recherches d'Histoire Natu-

relle & Oware. I] exposa ses vues 4 1’Académie des Sciences,

qui les approuya, et apres avoir également obtenu l’attache et

Vautorisation du gouvernement, il partit 4 ses propres frais, avec

le jeune noir, dont il s’¢tait concilié Vaffection.

“ Dans le trajet, il relacha 4 Lisbonne, oti il fit quelques obser-

vations, et & Chama, sur la cdte de Guinée, ow il réecolta plusieurs

plantes curicuses, dans le temps des graines et des échantillons.

Son arrivée a Oware fut signalée par une espéce d’epidemie,

résultant de la chaleur humide des cétes vaseuses et marécageuses

de ce pays. Elle enleva rapidement deux hommes affidés, qu'il

avait amenés avec lui, et successivement plusieurs autres personnes

de l’équipage. Bientét lui-méme fut malade trés-gravement ;

cependant son courage le soutint. Avant sa maladie, et dans

les intervalles qui lui laiss¢rent plusieurs rechutes, il parcourut le

pays d’Oware, une partie du Galbar, et alla jusqu’ a Bénin. U

fit dans chaque lieu des observations de divers genres sur les

moours et les habitudes de ces peuples, sur le climat, les sites et

les productions naturelles. Il rassembla les dépouilles de beau-

coup d’animaux et récolta un grand nombre de plantes qu il

m’addressa pour les conserver en dépdt jusqu’ a son retour en

Europe. L’insalubrité du climat le forca enfin a quitter J’ Afrique

apres un séjour de quinze mois.” ee

“ Emporté par mon zéle,” (says M. de Beauvois himself in his

Flore d’ Oware et de Benin) “et par mon goiit dominant pour

l Histoire Naturelle, j’ai affronté tous les dangers; j’ai eu le

bonheur, apres avoir vu périr plus de cing sixiémes des Huropéens

qui y sont passés, de les surmonter tous; et j’ai aujourd’hui la

satisfaction d’offrir aux naturalistes le fruit de mes peines, de

mes dangers, et de mes sacrifices multipliés.”

Among the fruits of the voyage the author justly prides

himself upon the discovery of Napoleona imperialis, as likely

to constitute a new order of plants, between Cucurbitacee and

Passiforee. Unfortunately his analyses of the ‘figure are not

satisfactory ; and the colour was so unusual as to raise suspicions

that the plant was rather the offspring of imagination than a

reality. At length M. Heudelot, “’un des martyrs de la science,

qui, apres plusieurs années de voyage dans l'Afrique centrale,

finit par succomber a influence de ce climat si funeste aux

Européens,” detected and sent to the Museum at Paris, a

Napoleona from Fonta-Dhiallon in Senegambia, of which a

figure and description are given by M. Adrien de Jussieu in the

ft.

Annales des Sciences above quoted. After a careful comparison

of this plant with the plates and very imperfect specimens of

P. de Beauvois, existing in the Herbarium of the late M. Delessert,

M. de Jussieu, with no little hesitation, considers them dis-

tinct, and gives the name of WV. Heudelotii to the Senegambia

plant, a locality, indeed, considerably remote from Oware and

Benin :—at the same time, the only specific difference which

M. de Jussieu detects is “ . imperialis, flore cceruleo; et

NV. Heudelotii, flore purpureo.”

In 1843, Mr. Whitfield returned from one of his many voyages

of Natural History research to Sierra Leone, a country, it will

be observed, intermediate with Senegambia and Oware, and

brought with him both living and dried specimens of Napoleona,

the latter of which, after a most careful investigation, Dr. Lindley

concludes to be identical with Beauvois’ plant, and I think with

justice ; for though, when recent, these flowers are described by

Mr. Whitfield to be “apricot-coloured and crimson ;” yet the

Same traveller remarks that, when decaying, they assume a

bluish tint: which will account for their colour, as described by

Beauvois, “ d’ un beau bleu, avec un réflet violet.”

The collection of plants formed by the unfortunate Dr. Vogel

in the last voyage up the Niger, again contains specimens of a

Napoleona, which Drs. Hooker and Planchon, who are mainly

charged with the publication of that collection, pronounce dis-

tinct. Of this, as accurate a figure and description as can be

drawn up from dried specimens, both of flower and fruit, are

given in the 8th vol. of Hooker’s Icones Plantarum, t. 800, and

called WV. Vogelii, Hook. et Planch.

At length, in 1848, one of the living plants, brought

home by Mr. Whitfield and purchased by His Grace the

late Duke of Northumberland, produced perfect flowers in

the month of May. It was most obligingly and immediately

sent to me, by Her Grace the Duchess Dowager, and from

it our flowering specimen is taken. The representation of the

fruit, it must be premised, is done from Vogel’s specimens, and

consequently belongs to the WV. Vogelii. Between that plant

and ours, however, I can point out no difference, save in the

shape and relative size of the leaves. No correct opinion can

be formed of the colour from the dried specimens, on which

some stress is laid in the Icones Plantarum. In regard to the

NV. Heudelotii of M. Adrien de Jussieu, being in possession of a

Specimen gathered by M. Heudelot himself, I find the leaves

and solitary flower so exactly to correspond with our plant, that

I have no hesitation in pronouncing them specifically the same.

The colour of the corolla, which the author calls purpurea, is the

same in the dry state with that of our WV. imperialis ; and the

outer corolla is deeply toothed, as in our plant and WV. Vogeli.

It is needless to express the views of the affinities of this

plant as stated by various writers, Beauvois, Brown, De

Candolle, Lindley, and, lastly, M. Planchon in the Icones Planta-

rum, for they will be more fully given in the forthcoming “ Niger

Flora.”

Jade AE cg call Dalat alee she a i llatae 8 aaa ld leads

oe.

Fig. 1. Section of a portion of the flower, from which the calyx-lobes and the

outer series of the corolla are removed. Judging from this section, what is in the

generic character called the inner of three whorls or series of the corolla, might

rather be considered a second and outer series of filaments, which are abortive.

According to this view, the corolla would be in a double series and the stamens

in a double series.

#388.

iP -

Reeve Berlham & Reeve, i

Tas. 4388,

ARISAAMA Mourrayt.

Dr. Murray's Arisema.

Nat. Ord. AnoipE®.—Monacta MoNANDRIA.

‘en. Char. Spatha basi convoluta. Spadix superne nudus, inferne unisexualis

raro androgynus: organa rudimentaria superposita aut plerumque nulla, An-

there in filamentis distinctis verticillate, loculis aut discretis aut appositis, poro

aut rima subtransversali dehiscentibus. Ovaria libera, unilocularia, ovulis 2—6

raro pluribus basilaribus erectis. Styli breves aut nulli. Stigmata indivisa.

Bacce mono- aut oligo-sperme. Semina albuminosa. Bi.

Axisama Murrayi ; foliis peltatisectis, segmentis 5-6 ovato-lanceolatis acumi-

natis copiose penninerviis nervoque intramarginali, spathe parte inferiore

in tubum latum connata (viridi) superiore ovata convexa subcucullata

acuminulata alba macula transverse rubra, spadice subulato flexuoso vix

spathz tubo longiore.

Arum Murrayi. Graham, Cat. Pl. Bombay. p. 229.

Few of the droidee are more worthy of cultivation than the

present, of which tubers were sent to us from Bombay, by

our valued friend Mr. Law, of Tanna. It is described

in the work above quoted, where Mr. Law observes he has fre-

quently met with it in the valleys of the Bandsda hills, to the

south-west of Surat. Reared in the stove, it sends up, in early

Spring, first the very delicate inflorescence and afterwards the

leaves. Of the genus Arisema, thirty-one species are noticed

by Blume, in the first volume of “Rumphia;” twenty-two

are Asiatic, six are found in North America and two in

Brazil.

Descr. “ Zxders about the size of small potatos.” Scape a

foot and more long, terete, purplish, below sheathed, terminated

above by a very delicate and handsome spatha, which has its

lower half green and convolute into a tube (including the spadix);

the upper half of the most delicate white, with a red ring round

the mouth, ovate, convex, inclined over the mouth, almost

cucullate, faintly striated, terminated by a very narrow twisted

pont. Spadix subulate, longer than the tube of the spatha,

AUGUST Ist, 1848.

but much shorter than the entire spatha, flexuose; the upper

half naked : the lower clothed with flowers, of which the lower

portion consist of pisti/s, rather crowded, ovate or obtusely

tetragonal, tapering into a short style, terminated by the trun-

cated stigma. Above the pistils the spadix is occupied by

numerous filaments, terminated with a whorl of three or four

globose antkers, opening by a transverse cleft, and above these,

at the base of the naked portion of the spadix, are a few abortive

pistils. The leaf appears after the flower, and is borne upon a

long terete petiole, peltate and deeply cut into five or six ovato-

lanceolate acuminate segments, each closely penninerved, and

there is a nerve, or vein, running along within the margin.

Fig. 1. Spadix. 2. Stamens, 3. Pistil, 4. Ovary, from which the seeds

have started :—magnified.

4S EG.

Fitch ddl et lith

Tap. 4389.

LITHOSPERMUM canescens.

Floary Gromwell.

Nat. Ord. BoraGInr#®.—PENTANDRIA MonoGynta.

Gen. Char. Calyx 5-partitus, lobis sequalibus. Corolla infundibuliformis aut

rarius hypocrateriforma, pervia, fauce nuda, v. rarius gibbis 5 cum staminibus

alternantibus, pilosa aut levi, lobis subrotundis. 4nthere oblong, brevissime

Stipitatee, plerumque incluse. Stigma capitatum subbilobum. Nucule ovate,

leves aut rugose, basi truncate imperforate,—Herbe aut Frutices habitu et

habitatione diverse. Radices sepe crasse cortice rubro et ideo tinctoria. Folia

alterna integra sepius pilis simplicibus scabra. Flores spicati aut racemosi, brac-

teolati, colore varii. DC.

LiTHOSsPERMUM canescens; caulibus erectis herbaceis subsimplicibus molliter

villosis, foliis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis canescentibus, bracteis

conformibus, corolle aureze tubo calycem hirsutum duplo superante lobis

rotundatis.

LitHosPeRMUM canescens. Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p.305. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. v. 2.

p. 88. De Cand. Prodr. v.10. p. 79. Asa Gray, Bot. North. Un. 8. p. 336

Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 1. p. 544.

BATSCHIA canescens. Mich. 4m. v. 1. p. 130. t. 14.

BaTscHrIAa conspicua. Rich. in Frankl. Journ. App. ed. 1. p. 49.

LiITHOsPERMUM conspicuum. Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 1. p. 544.

Batschia and Lithospermum are now generally considered to

be one and the same genus. The present species is peculiar. to

North America, but has a rather extensive range, from Canada — a ‘

and the Saskatchawan in the north to Carolina in the south.

Although a perfectly hardy plant, and well worthy of a place

in every garden, it has only been lately introduced by Edward

Leeds, Esq., of Manchester, through Mr. Goldie; and our figure

is taken from flowering specimens, kindly presented to the Royal —

Gardens by that gentleman in May, 1848. 3

Duescr. Root long, woody, abounding in purple dye. Several

erect herbaceous s¢ems, a span and more long, simple or only -

slightly branched above, spring from the crown of the root. oo

ese stems are terete, hairy. eaves alternate, erecto-patent,

sessile, oblong, lanceolate, obtuse, canescent with closely pressed 2 Z . :

AUGUST Ist, 1848.

compact hairs, dracteas or floral leaves resembling them.

Flowers in leafy secund racemes. Calyx cut into five deep

linear hairy segments, half as long as the tube of the corolla.

Corolla large (for the genus), golden-coloured, ¢vde infundibuli-

form, im of five spreading, rounded segments: within the tube

are five small glands, and below them five small stamens.

Ovary of four deep lobes, sty/e included.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Corolla laid open. 3. Pistil :—magnified.

Od,

, Ain

salty Es,

Tas. 4390.

EPISCIA sicotor.

Two-coloured Episcia.

Nat. Ord. GesNERIACER.—DIpYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMLIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx liber 5-phyllus seu 5-partitus. Corolla infundibuliformis,

tubo rectiusculo basi postice gibbo, limbo 5-lobo. Stamina 4 didynama eum

quinti postici rudimento e basi tubi. Annulus hypogynus in glandulam posticam

tumens. Stigma bilamellatum. Capsula subglobosa membranacea bivalvis,

placentis 2 parietalibus bilamellatis. Semina «© oblonga.—Herbe Americane

_ molles decumbentes radicantes. Folia petiolata venis anastomosantibus percursa.

Flores azillares solitarii v. cymosuli et bracteati. DC.

ee Be mers pbiscinssernCiinaean

Errscra Aicolor; hirsuta humilis decumbens, foliis petiolatis cordato-ovatis

acutis grosse serratis impresse venosis, pedunculis petiolos subaquantibus

axillaribus simplicibus v. bi-trifidis gracilibus hirsutis, sepalis lineari-lanceo-

latis apice recurvis, corollee tubo calyce duplo longiore, ore obliquo, limbo

subeequaliter 5-lobo, lobis rotundatis, ovario superne hirsuto.

A very pretty Gesneriaceous plant, raised from seeds sent

trom New Grenada by our collector, Mr. Purdie. It blooms

in the stove, and continues throwing up flowers for several

weeks in succession, many growing together among the ample

dark foliage, and of white colour, bordered with purple.’ It

seeins sufficiently to accord with the character of the genus

Fpiscia, to warrant us in placing it there.

Drscr. A perennial herbaceous and somewhat creeping, as

well as procumbent plant, with very short hairy stems. Leaves :

large, hairy, between ovate and cordate, spreading, somewhat

glossy, acute, with large serratures all round, penninerved and

coarsely reticulated, the nerves impressed. Pefioles short, hairy.

Peduncles from the axils of the leaves and scarcely longer than

the petioles, simple or bi-trifid and bracteated, slender, hairy,

or rather hispid. FYowers erect, or inclined. Calya hairy,

deeply cleft into five nearly erect, linear-lanceolate sepa/s, recurved

at the apex. Corolla with the tube rather short, white, gibbous

on one side at the base, dilated above, tumid beneath, within

spotted with purple, the mouth oblique; the /mé rather large,

AUGUST Ist, 1848.

nearly equal, white with a broad purple border, deeply five-

lobed, the lobes rounded. Sfamens inserted near the base of

the tube: filaments didynamous, subulate, included: anthers

approximate in two pairs; one abortive filament is between the

two pairs of fertile ones. Ovary free, ovate, hairy above,

glabrous and subtetragonal below, with a large solitary gland on

one side. Style included within the tube of the corolla: stigma

of two furrowed spreading lips.

Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. 2. Pistil and gland. 3. Ovary. 4. Ovary, cut

through transversely :—imagnified.

4394 |

Reeve Benham & Reeve imp.

a a ee

Tas. 4391.

CIRRHOPETALUM rimpriatum.

Fimbriated Cirrhopetalum.

Nat. Ord. Orcutpr®.—GyYNANDRIA MonaANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4237.)

CrRRHOPETALUM fimbriatum ; pseudo-bulbis glomeratis ovato-sphericis subtetra-

gonis, foliis subtribus ovato-lanceolatis acutis parvis, scapo radicali gracili,

umbella pluriflora, sepalis lateralibus maximis lineari-ligulatis acutis cohe-

rentibus, supremo petalisque ovatis anguste acuminatis fimbriatis, labello

parvo crasso linguiformi nudo, columna angulis cornutis edentulis, anthera

papillosa.

CrrRHoPETALUM fimbriatum. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Suppl. p. 72.

CIRRHOPETALUM Wallichii? Grah. Cat. Pl. Bombay, p. 205.

A rare and most lovely plant, sent by J. E. Law, Esq., to the

Royal Gardens from Bombay, where it is said to be by no means

common, growing on Ayeen trees about Parr and the Rotunda

Ghaut. Attached to masses of Sphagnum and suspended from

a rafter of the Orchideous House, it bears its most curious

_ flowers copiously in April and May.

Duscr. Pseudo-bulbs small, clustered, subglobose and obtusely

angular, but tapering upwards so as to be somewhat ovate:

most of them are leafless, but a few have about three small

-ovato-lanceolate, acute /eaves at the apex. Scape from the base

of the bulb, erect, a span long, slender, bracteated, bearing an

umbel of spreading flowers which are very curious in structure,

and well worthy inspection with a microscope. The greater

portion of the flower is constituted by the two lateral sepals,

which stand forward, are nearly two inches long, linear or linear-

spathulate, acute, combined by their inner edges ; the other parts

of the flower are in comparison minute: the remaining or

Superior sepals and the petals are ovate, suddenly tapering into

@ subulate point, red, and elegantly fimbriated. Lip red,

AUGUST IsT, 1848.

haped, thick, fleshy, the upper half reflexed. Column

with two subulate horns at the upper anterior angles. Anther

‘ispherical, granulated. Pollen-masses four, of which two —

are very small.

‘Fig. i. Entire flower. 2. Column and lip. 3 and 4. Pollen-masses :—al/

nore or less magnified. :

4ASBGR.

Reeve, Benham & Reeve 14.9.

pane —

Tas. 4392.

BURTONIA punicHeua.

Beautiful Burtonia.

Nat. Ord. Lrauminos#.—Dercanpria MoNnoGynia.

_ Gen. Char, Calyx profunde 5-fidus. Petala 5 decidua, longitudine subequalia,

2 carinalia, dorso concreta. Ovarium dispermum. Stylus subulatus, basi dila-

tatus. Stigma obtusum imberbe. Legumen subrotundum, modice ventrieosum,

Strophiola seminis nulla—Suffrutices Australasici. Foliola aut folia subulata.

Rami sepe puberuli. Pedicelli solitarii. DC.

Burronta pulchella ; ramis levibus apice puberulis mox glabris, foliolis Jevibus

glabris angustissime linearibus obtuse mucronatis rectis margine revolutis,

pedunculis axillaribus folio brevioribus calyeem aquantibus basi medioque

2-bracteolatis, calycis lobis margine intus pilosiusculis. Metsu.

Burronra pulchella. Meisn. in Pl. Preiss. p. 41.

Messrs. Lucombe and Pince have had the good fortune to

raise three beautiful species of Burtonia, from Mr. Drummond’s

Swan River seeds. One is the Burtonia conferta, D.C., figured

in Bot. Reg. t. 1600: a second is the charming species here

represented : the third is B. villosa, Meisn., which, as we shall

have the opportunity of showing, is neither inferior in size nor in

richness of colour in the flowers to the present one. B. pulchella

forms a graceful shrub, about two feet high, with slender branches,

heath-like leaves, and the flowers copious and large, terminating

the ramifications. It flowers during the spring and summer

months. :

Descr. A small shrub, with glabrous slender stems; the

young ones herbaceous and slightly downy. Leaves sessile,

and scattered, trifoliate; folioles narrow-linear, obtuse, with a

curved rather broad mucro, the margins revolute, smooth and

glabrous. Peduncles solitary from the axils of the superior

leaves, but so copious from the uppermost ones that the flowers

conceal the foliage, and the inflorescence may be said to be a

leafy spike: each peduncle is shorter than the leaf, bearing at

the base, and near the middle, a pair of small appressed ovate

bracts. Calyx about as long as the peduncle, campanulate,

AUGusT lst, 1848.

“

obscurely two-lipped, green spotted with brown: the upper Zip

two, the lower three-lobed, the lobes ovate-ciliated. Mowers

large, very beautiful. Veadllum broad, rich purple, with a yellow

spot at the base of the lamima. A/e and vevrillum deep puce

colour. Stamens ten, free. Ovary ovate-oblong, hairy, tapering

into a subulate s¢y/e, a little longer than the stamens. Stigma

minute, capitate. |

Fig. 1. Portion of a branch, with a leaf. 2. Portion of a leaf. 3. Peduncle

and flower, from which the petals are removed. 4. Pistil. 5. One of the

_ wings :—all more or less magnified.

A Uiapi aa

ee oe

flowering season is past, the C. Bethunianum does not lose all its

charms: the crimson bracts and calyces persist, and the latter

contain each a four-seeded berry of the richest blue colour.

The Seitaminee, an Order of plants not much cultivated in Eng-

land, produces some beautiful species in Borneo, especially A/pinia.

A fine white-flowered Bignonia is lovely and fragrant; and

an “chites, also found on river-banks, is handsome and endowed

with a rich perfume.

Melastomas grow everywhere, and supply the many-hued

pigeons with abundant food in the soft and pulpy fruit.

There are several charming kinds of climbers in Borneo :

among the most conspicuous is an undescribed Banhinia,

which, in December, invests the trees with large bunches of

gaudy crimson blossoms. Hoya imperialis is very striking : its

large rich purple flowers are relieved by an ivory-white centre.

Various beautiful species of Comérefum abound. ‘The Order

Cyrtandracee is rich in the genera Lysinotus and Aschynan-

thus: the L. Aucklandie surpassing all the others in the size and

gorgeous hue of its clustered blossoms, while its growth and

woody stems raise it to the dignity of a shrub.

The vegetable productions of the mountains in Borneo, are

quite different from those above enumerated. There, the genus

Dacrydium, and other, Zaxacea, recall the Fir and Cypress of

our northern clime. “erbaceous plants, some of which are

beautiful, grow on the exposed and damp rocks; while in mossy

places, the charming golden-leaved Anectocheilus and a new and

still finer species of the same genus abound.

No fewer than eight species of the wonderful Pitcher-plants

have been discovered in the western part of Borneo. In some

instances, the pitcher would contain more than a pint of water.

Those of Nepenthes Raffesiana are generally crimson. This species

chiefly inhabits rocky islands near Singapore, and is easily known

by its white and pulverulent stems and bushy habit, not exceeding

four or five feet high. The largest kind found in Borneo, and which

Mr. Low calls V. Hookeriana, inhabits deep and shaded jungles,

where it climbs to the very tops of the trees. Its pitchers are

nine inches long, and the lid is furnished with two broad and

beautifully fringed wings: like WV. Raffesiana it produces two

Kinds of pitchers, one broad and crimson, the other long,

trumpet-shaped, and of a green colour spotted with crimson ;

While the leaves are dark green above and of a fine peach-

coloured red beneath. :

V. ampullacea also climbs and is an inhabitant of the jungles,

matting the ground with its shoots and only producing pitchers

on those stems which do not ascend trees. Another kind,

approaching WV. Boschiana, bears beautiful purple flowers, elegant

foliage, and small tubular pitchers. It grows about eight feet

high and is confined to rocky places near the sea: it is the

handsomest of the genus.

The Fruits of Borneo.

The fruits of the Indian Islands have long been prized, and

though the neighbouring countries have imported and cultivated

wep: they still attain their greatest perfection in their native

and.

“ Malaya’s nectared Mangustin,” and the rich Durian, with

the Lansat (Lancium), are among the best. The first is the

produce of the Garcinia Mangostana, which is a tree three feet

high, bearing large and handsome leaves, and a fruit, about the

size of an apple: its bright crimson skin and snowy pulp have

an inviting appearance: the flavour is highly grateful, and the

tree bears two crops in the year. The Duwrian is produced by

the tree called Durio zihethinus, which often attains more than

sixty feet in height and yields fruit four times a year. ‘To Euro-

peans, the peculiar and strong odour of the fruit is often repulsive

and prevents their relishing its rich flavour. The Dyaks are

passionately fond of the Durian. Offensive as its garlic-like

odour becomes when gathered for three or four days and sold in

the bazaars, this fruit, when fresh, is equally agreeable to the

taste and smell. ‘To eat it in perfection, it must be plucked from

the tree. Its large seeds are roasted and resemble chestnuts: the

Dyaks preserve them carefully, to be used when the fresh Durian

can no longer be procured. ‘The Zansat is, perhaps, the most

universally palatable ; the fruit is pulpy, aromatic and delicate,

and is produced in bunches from the stem and branches of the

tree.

The Bread-fruit and the Jack, both species of Artocarpus,

grow in Borneo. A single fruit of the latter often weighs.

sixty pounds.

A small tree of the order Sapotacee produces a sweet subacid

fruit, called Zamput ; from which an intoxicating drink is prepared

by the Dyaks. A species of Nephz/ium is plentiful in the woods :

it bears a very pleasant small fruit. The varieties of Mango

Reeve, Benham & Reeve, imp .

Witch, del et lth

Tas. 4393.

LEUCHTENBERGIA Parinciris.

Noble Leuchtenhergia.

Nat. Ord. CactEx.—IcosanpRIA MonoGyNia.

Gen. Char. Sepala numerosa basi ovario adnata, in tubum elongatum concreta,

exteriora breviora, calycinalia sparsa, media longiora subcolorata, intima petali-

formia. Stamina numerosissima cum tubo concreta; sfy/us crassus columnaris ;

stigma radiis recurvatis subdecem. Ovarium uniloculare: ovulis numerosissimis

parietalibus.—Frutex carnosus, inferne sublignosus, elongato-cylindraceus, spiraliter

amammillosus, mammillis valde elongatis foliiformibus (3—4-uncialibus) acute tri-

quetris truncatis, (inferioribus deciduis et tune caudex cicatricatus) apice longe

glumaceo-spinosis, spinis exterioribus brevioribus subdecem, centrali longissima

basi triquetra.

Leucutensereta Principis.

LEUCHTENBERGIA Principis, Hortulan.

Few persons, we think, on viewing this plant when destitute

of flower, would imagine it to belong to the Cactee. The mammille

have rather the appearance of the leaves of some Aloid plant,

while the stem, looking as if formed of the persistent bases of old

leaves, resembles that of some Oycadee. The blossom, however,

if nothing else does, betrays its real character; for it differs in

no particular from that of Cereus. The whole habit of the

plant is, however, so unlike any other Cactaceous plant, that for

consistency’s sake, if Cereus and Hehinocactus are natural and

good genera, this will constitute a genus apart; and I willingly

adopt a name by which this plant is said to be known upon the

Continent, although I have failed to find the place where any

Such name is recorded. Our plants were obtained for us from

the neighbourhood of Rio del Monte, Mexico, through the favour

of John Taylor, Esq. It flowers in the summer months. :

Descr. Our largest plant is a foot high, its main ¢runk erect,

but crooked, as thick as a man’s arm, clothed with the dense

mass of the persistent bases of old mammillz, or perhaps rather of

the withered mammillz themselves, shrunk and reduced to a mass

of closely pressed scales; above they gradually appear more _

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1848. -

perfect, at first short and truncated, till the crown of the plant

is clothed with perfectly formed mammille resembling aloid

leaves, four or five inches long, glaucous green, succulent, trian-

gular, truncated at the apex, and there bearing six or seven long

chaffy, or almost horny, linear-subulate, flexuose scales, of which

the central one is about as long as the mammille, and the

others, forming a whorl round the centre, are about two or

three inches long, spreading, triangular below. These appear

to be after a time deciduous, for the lower withered mammille

are destitute of them. From near the centre of the summit of

the plant the flowers appear, solitary, from the axil of a mammilla,

large, sulphur-yellow. Cady formed of a number of imbricated,

oblong, greenish scales, gradually passing upwards into longer

and more coloured scales, till they spread into a long ray of

numerous, yellow, acute, linear, glossy petals, giving four inches

and more to the diameter of the blossom. Fi/amenfs numerous,

pale yellow, arising from below the base of the petals: anthers

subglobose, orange. Style as long as the stamens: stigma of

nine, spreading, downy, subulate rays, recurved at the points.

Our plate represents a much reduced figure of our largest flowering specimen,

and the upper portion of a plant :-— xadural size,

P- rr

— 2 7 es

sep SS ‘ SFT ve

‘*

(RR AEE UES RRR TT See esate inane ieee eee a

Tas. 4394.

SONERILA srricra.

Upright Sonerila.

Nat. Ord. MzLastoMaAcE®.—TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus turbinato-trigonus, ad medium usque adherens ;

margine libero, 3-dentato, circumscisse deciduo. Petala 3, summo calycis mar-

gine inserta. Stamina 3, dentibus calycinis opposita ; axthere conformes, lan-

ceolate, basi sagittata affixee, poris 2 apicalibus dehiscentes ; connectivum quale.

Ovarium semi-adnatum, 3-loculare, Joculis dentibus calycinis oppositis, squamis

tribus carnosis subrotundis petalis oppositis basi coheerentibus coronatum.

Stylus filiformis, stigmate obtuso. Capsula in fundo tubi calycis, squamis epigynis

ampliatis incrassatis coriaceis vestiti, immersa; apice intra calycem loculicido-

trivalvis. Semina numerosa, recta.—Herbe v. suffruticuli; foliis oppositis, ple-

rumque plus minus inequalibus, basi 3—T-nerviis v. quandoque indefinite penni-

nerviis, membranaceis ; racemis axillaribus terminalibusve unilateralibus ; floribus

majusculis, pulchre roseis v. ceruleis, rarissime tetrameris. Bennett.

SONERILA séricta; annua, caule erecto stricto acute tetragono ramoso, foliis

oppositis supremis quaternim, verticillatis lineari-lanceolatis puberulis remote

serratis uninerviis discoloribus, spicis terminalibus paucifloris, rachi ovariis-

que obtuso trigono-cylindraceis glanduloso-pilosis. .

This, as far as I know, is the first species of the genus that

has yet been cultivated in Europe. The seeds were received by

Messrs. Veitch and Son of Exeter from Mr. Thomas Lobb, who

collected them in Java. Flowering specimens were sent to me

in May, 1848. At first sight, and especially in the leaves, this

has very little the appearance of a Melastomaccous plant, and

the trimerous character of the flower is at variance with most of

the genera. It is an extremely interesting little plant, though

it may not meet with much favour from cultivators in general.

An admirable memoir on this genus, from the pen of Mr.

Bennett, will be found in Horsfield’s “ Planta Javanicee rariores :”

but the present is not described among the fourteen species

there characterized, nor do we find it in any other work.

Descr. Roof annual. Stem slender, tetragonous, red, erect,

ched, a span and more high. Zeaves in remote pairs, except

uppermost on the branches, which are in a whorl of four, all

SEPTEMBER Isr, 1848, K 2

of them spreading, linear-lanceolate, mucronato-acute, puberulous,

coarsely and distantly serrated, dark green above, red-purple

beneath. Spikes terminal, of from six to nine flowers. Calyz-

tube adherent, trigono-cylindrical, slightly downy and with glan-

dular hairs: the limb of three triangular teeth. Petads three,

spreading, large, obovate, deep rose, very acute. Stamens three :

filaments subulate : anther subulate, two-lobed at the base. Style

filiform, declined, as long as the filaments.

Fig. 1. Portion of the stem and leaves. 2. Flower. 3. Stamen. 4. Section

of ovary :—magnified.

aS 8 ae eet oe,

Tas. 4395.

GMELINA Rueepu.

Rheede’s Gmelina.

Nat. Ord. VerBENaAcE®.—D1ipyNamia GYMNOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx cyathimorphus, 4—5-dentatus, persistens, sub fructu paulo

auctus in antica parte seepius glandulas nonnullas sessiles verruciformes gerens.

Corolla basi tubulosa, faucibus valde ampliatis ventricoso-campanulata, obliqua ;

limbus patens bilabiato-quadrifidus, lobis tribus superioribus subaequalibus supremo

fornicato lateralibus planis, quarto infimo maximo interdum bilobo. Stamina 4,

didynama, ascendentia, vix exserta. _duthere biloculares, loculis linearibus

connectivo dorsali apice insertis postice (imprimis staminum longiorum) dis-

tinetis, rima longitudinali dehiscentibus. Ovariwm 2-8-loculare, loculis uni-

ovulatis. Stylus filiformis ; s¢igma ineequaliter bifidum. Drupa baccata, mono-

pyrena, 2—4-locularis, putamine osseo basi perforato levi. Semen erectum,—

Frutices vel arbores interdum magne, ex India orientali ejusque Archipelago, ramis

sepius spinosis, foliis simplicibus oppositis integerrimis lobatisve. Inflorescentia

cymoso-paniculata ; panicula racemiformis, aut composita e cymulis brevibus de-

cussatis paucifioris aut cymulis ad unum florem pedicello bibracteolato fultum re-

ductis racemum simplicem mentiens. Bractex sepius caduce. Corolla conspicua.

Drupa magna oblonga. Schauer in DC.

GMELINA Rheedii ; subarborea inermis tota molliter pubescens, foliis longe petio-

latis rhombeo-cordatis brevi-acuminatis nunc trilobis basi (planta recente

obsoletissime)biglandulosis subtus cinerascenti-tomentosis, thyrso multifloro,

bracteis ovatis acutis brevissimis, calyce tomentoso subcylindraceo-hemis-

phzerico acute 4-dentato, corolla extus pubescentis limbo amplo_ bilabiato

lobis 5 subequalibus rotundatis inferiore magis elongato marginibus (om-

nium) reflexis.

Cumsuxu, Rheede, Hort. Malab. v.1. p. 4i.

From the stove of the Royal Gardens of Kew, where it has been

So long cultivated that the period of its introduction is not known,

nor does it appear (probably from not having previously blossomed)

to have been recognised as a Gielina; none of the genus having

been recorded in either edition of the Hortus Kewensis, nor, SO

far as I know, has any been supposed to be in cultivation in

Britain. The present one, if space be given to it, is worthy of

4 place in the stove. It flowered with us in May, 1848.

pecting the species I do not find it to accord with any descri-

-by Schauer in De Candolle. It comes nearest to G. arborea,

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1848.

Roxburgh, of any, but manifestly cannot be that, of which we have

not only an accurate description in the Flora Indica, but a figure m

the Plants of Coromandel (vol. iii. t. 246, not quoted by Decaisne);

and the leaves and flowers are totally at variance with our plant.

It is true that Roxburgh quotes the Cumbulu of Hort. Malab.

as the same plant, as he has quoted the Corona Ariadnis ot

Rumphius under his Hoya Sussuela (see under our tab. 4397) with

which it has no affinity. The plant of Rheede is indeed a faithful

representation of our species. In my Herbarium I possess what

is probably the same, gathered by Dr. Thomas Thomson at

‘Gendwal (but without flower), and closely allied, another, if

not the same species, identical indeed as to foliage and flowers,

but in which the bracteas are very long, half to three-quarters

of an inch, and subulate.

Descr. Our plant, cramped in a pot, forms a small tree,

thirteen or fourteen feet high, with few, straggling branches.

Young branches downy, as are the /eaves, the latter are opposite,

on long petioles, rhombeo-cordate, that is, with the base cuneate,

and there, though scarcely visible in the recent state, having two

orbicular glands, the margin entire or two- to three-lobed, the

upper side dark green, the lower grey from more copious down.

Flowers in a thyrsus, large, handsome, bracteated ; dracteas very

small, ovate, concave, acute. Calyz cup-shaped, too tubular to

be called hemispherical, but approaching to it, downy. Corolla

large, dark tawny yellow, paler and very downy externally : tube

many times longer than the calyx, enlarged upwards: /imd two-

lipped, spreading: upper lip of two large rounded lobes, lower

of three large lobes resembling the upper ones, except that the

intermediate segment is more elongated, broader, and projects

more forward ; all have the margins reflexed soon after expansion.

Stamens didynamous; the two longer ones a little exserted.

Ovary elliptical : style, as it were, jointed on the ovary, included :

stigma bifid, segments subulate, unequal.

Fig. 1. Pistil :—magnified.

Tas. 4396.

WEIGELA rosea.

fiose-coloured Weigela

Nat. Ord. CAPRIFOLIACEM.—PENTANDRIA Monoaynli.

Gen. Char, Calycis tubus ovario adnatus, lineari-pentagonus, 10-striatus, 5-lobus,

lobis subzequalibus linearibus lanceolatisve nunc basi connatis. Corolla infundi-

buliformis, fauce ampliata, semi-5-fida, tubo laciniis calycinis sublongiore’ basi

angustato, odis ovato-rotundis subineequalibus, estivatione imbricatis. Stamina

5, inter se libera, basi corolla adnata, corolla subbreviora, antheris linearibus

medio insertis, rima longitudinali utrinque dehiscentibus. S¢ylus filiformis glaber

subexsertus. Stigma peltato-capitatum. Ovarium inferum biloculare. Ovula

in utroque loculo duplici serie septo placentifero inserta, imbricata compressa —

Frutices Asie orientalis, foliis ovatis obovatisve acuminatis breviter petiolatis

serratis, floribus sessilibus, cymis nunc pedunculatis, bracteis stipulaformibus,

corolla purpurea. A. DC.

WEIGELA rosea; ramulis petiolis foliorum costis ovariisque pubescenti-hirtis

foliis brevissime petiolatis oblongis acutis acuminatisque basi rotundatis

argute serratis supra glabris, floribus sessilibus axillaribus terminalibusque

1-8, ovario petiolo pluries longiore, calyce pilosiusculo, corolla pubescentis

tubo obconico limbo patulo(sub)regulari laciniis rotundatis filamentis glabris.

_ Lindl.

WeiGELa rosea. Lindl. in Journ. of Hort. Soc. v.1. p. 65. t.6. Fortune, Herd.

Chin. n. 25, A.

A charming hardy shrub, for such it has proved to be in the

Royal Gardens of Kew, wheré it flowers in the open air in May,

even as a standard. It is also very ornamental, trained against

awall, As a genus, it is too near Diervilla, with which Siebold

unites it, while on the other hand, Bunge constitutes of those

Weigele which have the calyx prolonged into a tube above the

ovary (as in our species), the genus Calysphyrum. Dr. Lindley

observes that in Diervilla the gland at the base within the corolla

adheres to the corolla, but that in Weigela it is free. In our

Specimens it decidedly adheres to the corolla. As a species also,

I fear, the plant is too nearly allied to Weigela (Calysphyrum)

Joridum, Bunge, which like the present, is cultivated in the

gardens of the Chinese, and I can really find no difference but

What may be fairly attributed to more or less luxuriance of

_ SEPTEMBER Ist, 1848. :

growth. Mr. Fortune has the merit of introducing this shrub

to the Gardens of the Horticultural Society, from China, in

1845, and it is now pretty widely dispersed. The corolla is

remarkable for the change of colour, rose and white, hence Dr.

Lindley aptly compares the colour of the flowers to those of the

Chinese Crab, Pyrus spectabilis.

Descr. A shrué with the habit of Philadelphus, the branchlets,

petioles, and nerves of the eaves at the back hairy or ciliated.

Leaves opposite, on short pefioles, ovate, acuminate, serrate,

much veined and reticulated, the apex and base entire. /owers

solitary, from the axils of the upper leaves on short branches,

or the branch is lengthened out into a peduncle or spike of three

or four sessile flowers. Bracteas small, opposite, subulate, ap-

pressed. Ovary adherent with the calyx, linear, nearly cylin-

drical, hairy. Calyzx-tube prolonged above the ovary and termi-

nating in five long, subulate, ciliated segments. Coro//a generally

deep rose without ; within paler rose-colour changing to white, gla-

brous or nearly so. Zuée funnel-shaped, with a long downy oblong

gland attached to one side at the base within. Lim nearly regu-

lar, of five, rounded, spreading lobes. Stamens slightly exserted.

Anther \inear, yellow. Style as long as the stamens: sigma

peltato-capitate, somewhat two-lobed.

Fig. 1. Pistil and part of the calyx and corolla: the latter laid open to show

the attached gland :—magnified.

Tas. 4397. ;

HOYA «rpEriALis.

Imperial Hoya.

Nat. Ord. AscLEPIADE®.—PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx brevis pentaphyllus. Corolla rotata plus minusve alte 5-fida,

laciniis planis v. reflexis, estivatione valvata. Corona staminea 5-phylla, foliolis

depressis patentibus vy. plus minusve gynostegio verticaliter adnatis, carnosis an-

gulo interiore in dentem anthere incumbentem producto. Gynostegium breve.

- Anthere membrana terminate. Masse pollinis basi affixee, oblong, compresse,

conniventes, seepius margine pellucida. Stigma muticum cum papilla media

obtusa v. subapiculatum. Folliculi leves v. appendiculis instructi, subpolypteri.

Semina comosa.—Frutices v. suffrutices Indici v. Moluccani, rarissime Africani,

volubiles, scandentes aut decumbentes, foliis carnosis v. coriaceis v. membranaceis,

floribus wnbellatis, umbellis extra-avillaribus sepius multifloris. Dene.

Hoya imperialis; volubilis, ramis petiolis pedicellisque pubescentibus, foliis

(spithameis et ultra) obovato-lanceolatis coriaceis brevissime acuminatis

subobscure parallelim venosis, pedunculo foliis longiore flexuoso-pendulo,

umbella pluriflora, floribus maximis purpureo-fuscis nitidis, corolle lobis

cordato-triangularibus marginibus axillas versus precipue reflexis fauce

elevata libera, corone staminez albe foliolis in medio arcte approximatis

compressis carnosis bilobis lobo exteriore crasso dorso plano, interiore

dentiformi lobum ext. sequante.

Hoya imperialis. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1846, sub. fol. 68.

Hoya Sussuela. Rowd. Fl. Ind. v.2. p.31?

Dr. Lindley does not say too much of this plant when he

remarks, in the place above quoted, “this is the most noble

climbing plant we have ever seen:” and this was spoken of the

dried specimens we believe, aided by flowers preserved in spirits.

With greater truth may it be said of the living plant, now that

we have had the pleasure to see it exhibited in full flower at the

Horticultural Féte in the Regent’s Park Gardens (June, 1848),

where it obtained the highest prize given for new plants, and

again in the stove of the fortunate possessors of this rarity,

Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co., at their Exeter Nursery. A

cluster of its flowers is indeed one of the most striking objects we

have ever seen; the leaves too are large and handsome. It is a

Hoya with glossy fleshy leaves of a deep purplish chesnut colour,

having the expanded flowers full three inches in diameter! ren-

dered more conspicuous by the ivory-white of the central column

_Of fructification. It was detected in Borneo by H. Low, Jun.,

Esq., who sent living plants to the Clapton Nursery, where it

was purchased by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co.

_“ Hoya impercalis requires a strong rich soil m order properly

to bring out its numerous large thick flower-trusses, which are

SEPTEMBER lst, 1848.

produced from different parts of its twining stem. We have

used a compost of equal parts of loam, rotten leaves, and_ peat,

with some flakes of dry-half-decayed dung intermixed, and a

liberal supply of sand and broken crocks blended with the whole.

The plant which we exhibited was trained round a low circular

trellis, not exceeding three feet in height, and independently of

the expanded truss from which the drawing was made, there

were several others in different stages upon it. We have also

one planted in a corner of the stove, which is twining round

a single wire over the path, and upon this there are trusses of

flowers ready to expand, having sLEvEN flowers on each. This I

think will be found to be the best method of treating it, for

with its long pendant bunches of large flowers, overhead, it is a

most striking object. Hach individual flower lasts a very long

sept in bloom, and is highly fragrant in the evening and all the

night.

“T send you herewith some of the dried juice of Hoya impe-

rialis, it hardens almost directly after being taken from the plant,

and flows so copiously from the wound that I cannot help thinking

it may be found available for some useful purpose.” —Pince.

I think this will prove to be the Asclepias Sussuela of Roxburgh,

from the. Moluccas, who has erred in quoting Rumphius’

“ Sussuela,”’ and whose specific name is consequently untenable.

His character, brief as it is, sufficiently accords, and he describes

the corolla as “nearly three inches in diameter.” It seems to

be a free flowerer and fragrant.

Dxscr. A climber of quick growth, with rounded, downy, dark

green ranches. Leaves opposite, on short, terete, thick, downy

Jootstalks, from six to nine inches long, obovato-lanceolate,

acuminulate, coriaceous, thick, firm, slightly convex above, but

even (not waved), with obscure, patent, rather distant, parallel

nerves, dark green above, paler beneath, and downy on the costa.

Pedunele extra-axillary, much longer than the leaves, terete,

downy ; flexuose and pendent, terminated by a very large umbel

of from nine to fourteen fragrant flowers! each three inches in

diameter. Pedicels downy. Calya of five, downy, very obtuse,

-oval sepals. Corolla rotate, pale purplish, downy, within rich

purple-brown, glossy, pale in the centre: segments spreading,

cordato-trian: the faux elevated, loose around the column.

Staminal crown \arge, projecting, ivory white, fleshy, glossy:

Jolioles two-lobed ; outer lobe large, oval, compressed, flattened

on the back, rather obtuse; the imner forming a sharp erect

tooth, as long as the outer lobe.

Fig.1. Flower, the segments of the corolla being removed :—magnified.

a a te *

(Mangifera), Jamba (Eugenia), and Averrhoa are all more or less

prized, and the Barangan, a kind of Chestnut, and the Pomegra-

nate are cultivated.

Generally speaking, the natives of Borneo pay little attention

to the fruit-trees: they grow in the jungle, no pains are taken

to cultivate them. In Penang and Malacca, where they are

more valued, ‘they yield fruit regularly twice a year, and the

produce is in greater quantity and of superior quality.

A few remarks may be made upon the system of Agriculture

pursued by the Dyaks. It would naturally be supposed that

where the main subsistence of the population is derived from

grain, considerable care and labour would be bestowed upon

rearing it. Such is far from being the case. ‘The soil

is So productive, that it yields heavy crops with hardly any more

trouble than that of sowing the seed. It is, however, necessary

to clear the ground first.from the dense forests, and in this work

the Dyak is assisted by all his family, the females clearing the

brushwood, the slaves and boys felling the large trees. A few

dry days suffice to parch the prostrate trunks, and then they are

set on fire, and continue to blaze till all is consumed; and the

frequent rains which visit Borneo, soon quench the flames and

cool the soil. The charred portions of wood are used for

making the Pagar or fence, which is always needful to protect

the future crop from the attacks of deer and wild hogs ; while

the ashes of the wood are highly valuable in fertilizing the soil.

It is customary to select the Padi which is to be sown, from the

very finest and largest grains of the preceeding season. Three

or four seeds are dropped into each hole by the women and

children ; who dig the holes with a blunt stick, at distances of

fifteen to eighteen inches apart every way, and who then cover

the grain by scraping over a little earth or ashes with their feet.

Indian Corn (or maize) is often sown sparingly at the same time,

and in the same ground, with the rice; and as it shoots and

ripens and is harvested in three months, it causes no injury to

the main crop. So, likewise, Gourds, Melons, and Cucumbers

are often grown with the Padi.

After the field is planted, a hut is always built close by;

where the owners may live while the crop requires weeding and

during the period of harvest, a

Six or seven months from sowing, the Padi is fit to be

gathered; but as all the ears do not ripen together, as m a

European corn-field, so they are severally cut off, day by day,

till the whole are gathered; and the process of rubbing out the

grain proceeds continually, till all is secured. In small fields,

the rice is separated from the stalks by the hand; but in larger

farms, the Padi is shaken about in a sieve and thus cleared in a

more summary manner. The custom of afterwards removing

the husk, by pounding the rice in a mortar, prevents its ever

keeping long; for the grains being thus broken and_ their

protecting enamel destroyed, they are quickly attacked and

spoiled by the weevil. If kept in the husk, (in which state the

vice is always called Padi,) the grain remains uninjured for

many years. It is not uncommon for the soil to produce such

enormous crops, that much is lost for want of hands to gather it.

When this is the case, the land seems for a while exhausted, and

the Dyaks forsake it for a period of seven years, and returning,

begin anew the process of felling, clearing, and burning. They

assign the custom of their ancestors for giving the ground this

certain time of rest. °

Tobacco, Millet, a species of Mustard, the egg plant, and a

few other vegetables are cultivated, but to a very limited extent,

by the Dyaks and Malays.

Among the Dyaks, two plants are held in special reverence,

the Dracena and the Yellow Bamboo; and these being natives

of India may probably have been introduced from thence at the

same time as the Brahminical worship. The former, the Dra-

cena terminalis, is planted round the houses together with the

Ivory Bamboo. Beneath their shade, generally stands a little

altar, sometimes roofed to protect it from rain, but oftener

uneovered. The tree itself is not worshipped; but the place

where it grows is held sacred, and no village is ever without it.

Perhaps the graceful stems and lovely foliage first attracted

attention, and induced the simple natives to suppose that

objects endowed with such beauty must be special favourites of

their gods. |

Among the Dyaks of the Sarawak river, the Pancratium

Amboynense, which they call Si-kudip, is highly esteemed. It

nowhere grows wild in Borneo, and being a native of the

Moluccas and other Islands to the eastward, it seems to argue

that the Dyaks brought it with them when they first immigrated

into Borneo. Its are preserved with jealous care, from

the idea that the Padi crop will fail, unless one Si-kudip be

grown in the same field. When the grain is ripe, this bulb is

accordingly secured and preserved in the graneries, to be planted

again the followg year. The Pancratium bears a beautiful

crown of white and fragrant flowers, on a stalk about a foot high.

Mr. Low mentions that he saw a single specimen in one place,

which the owner had honoured by erecting an altar of bamboo

~~ . —_ nas

over it whereon were laid offerings of food and water. No

persuasion could induce the proprietor to part with it.

The order Amaryllidee, to which the Pancratium belongs, is

almost entirely absent in Borneo. If future observations con-

firm the belief, that the venerated Si-tudip was brought to

Borneo when that island was peopled, and that its native country

is to the eastward, it will follow that thence came the Dyaks also.

Sketch of the Botany of Dr. A. Wisuizenus’s Expeprtion

Jrom Missouri to Santa Fe, Chihuahua, Parras, Saltillo,

Monterey, and Matamoras ;

Dr. G. ENGELMANN.

(At p. 391 of the London Journal of Botany for the present year, we noticed

the Travels of Dr. Wislizenus in the countries above mentioned. We have here

the pleasure to give Dr. Engelmann’s sketch of the Botany of that Journey,

omitting, however, the descriptions of the new plants, which will soon find a

place in our European systematic works. ]

Dr. Wislizenus has intrusted to me his very interesting

botanical collections, with the desire that I should describé the

numerous novelties included in them. Gladly would I have

done so, had not leisure been wanting, and were I not here (in

St. Louis) cut off from large collections and libraries. As it is,

I can only give a general view of the Flora of the regions tra-

versed, and describe a few of the most interesting new plants

collected ; with the apprehension, however, that some of them

may have been published already from other sources, without

my being aware of it. BR

In examining the collections of Dr. Wislizenus, I have been

materially aided by having it in my power to compare the plants

which Dr. Josiah Gregg, the author of that interesting work

“The Commerce of the Prairies,” has gathered between Chi-

huahua and the mouth of the Rio Grande, but particularly

about Monterey and Saltillo, and a share of which, with great

liberality, he has communicated to me. His and Dr. W.’s

collections together, form a very fine herbarium for those regions,

The tour of Dr. Wislizenus encompassed, as it were, the

valley of the Rio Grande and the whole of Texas, as a glance at

I eee eee eee eee neared ietdiadedhtemdntarinunt nett vtigen re eer ar i EE

the map will show. His plants partake, therefore, of the cha-

racter of the Floras of the widely different countries which are

separated by this valley. Indeed, the Flora of the valley of the

Rio Grande connects the United States, the Californian, the

Mexican, and the Texan Floras, including species or genera, or

families, peculiar to each of these countries.

The north-eastern portion of the route traverses the large

western prairies, rising gradually from about 1,000 feet above

the gulf of Mexico, near Independence, Missouri, to 4,000 feet

west of the Cimarron river. The plants collected on the first

part of this section, as far west as the crossings of the Arkansas

river, are those well known as the inhabitants of our western

plains. I mention among others, as peculiarly interesting to

the botanist, or distinguished by giving a character to the lands-

cape, in the order in which they were collected, Zradescantia virgi-

nica, Phlox aristata, Gnothera missouriensis, serrulata, speciosa,

&e., Pentstemon Cobaa, Astragalus caryocarpus, (common as far

west as Santa Fe,) Delphinium azureum, Baptisia australis,

Malva Papaver, Schrankia uncinata and angustata, Echinacea

angustifolia, Aplopappus spinulosus, Gaura coccinea, Sida coccinea,

Sophora sericea, Sesleria dactyloides, Hordeum pusillum, Eingel-

mannia pinnatifida, Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus, Gaillardia pul-

chella,* Argemone Mexicana (with very hispid stem and large

flowers).

The plants collected between the Arkansas and Cimarron

rivers are rarer, some of them known to us only through Dr.

James, who accompanied Long’s expedition to those regions In

1820. We find here Cosmidiwm gracile, Torr. and Gr., which

has also been collected about Santa Fe and farther down the

Rio Grande; Cucumis ? perennis, James, found also near Santa

Fe and about Chihuahua, and by Mr. Lindheimer in Texas;

the petals being united about two-thirds of their length, it

cannot be retained under the genus Cucumis; Hoffmannseggia

Jamesii, T. and G., was also gathered on this part of the journey ;

several species of Psoralea, Petalostemon and Astragalus; also

Torry’s Gaura villosa, and Krameria lanceolata; Krysimum

asperum, which before was not known to grow so far south;

Polygala alba, Lygodesmia juncea. Were we also, for the first

time, meet with Rhus trilobata, Nutt., which, farther west, becomes

a very common plant.t A new Zalinum, which I have named

* Abundant in the sands about the Arkansas river, with beautiful flowers,

but only about six inches high ; certainly annual.

+ Like many other plants mentioned here, it has been collected in abundant

and beautiful specimens by Mr. 4. Fendler, a young German collector, who has

~~ ~~ Pre

L. calycinum, was found in sandy soil on the Cimarron. This

plant has, like the nearly allied 7. ¢eretifolium of the United

States, a remarkable tenacity of life, so much so that specimens

collected, pressed, and “dried,” in June, 1846, when they

reached me in August, 1847, fourteen months later, grew

vigorously after being planted.

Psoralea hypogea, Nutt., was collected near Cold Spring, and

Yucca angustifolia from here to Santa Fe.

From Cedar creek the mountainous region commences with

an elevation of near 5,000 feet above the Gulf, and extends to

Santa Fe to about 7,000 feet. With the mountains we get also

to the region of the pines and of the Cacti. Dr. Wislizenus has

here collected two species of Pinus, both of which appear to be

undescribed, so that I venture to give now a short account of

them. The most interesting one, on account of its useful fruit,

as well as its botanical associations, is the nut pine of New

Mexico, (Pifion,) Pinus edulis, nearly related to the nut pine of

north-eastern Mexico, Pinus osteosperma, (specimens of which

were sent to me by Dr. Gregg, as collected on the battlefield of

Buena Vista,) and to the nut pine of California, P. monopihyia,

Torr. and Frem.—these three species being the western repre-

sentatives of Pinus Pinea and Ceméra of the eastern continent.

The second species, Pinus brachyptera, is the most common

pine of New Mexico, and the most useful for timber. A third

species, Pinus flexilis, James, was overlooked by Dr. Wislizenus,

but has been collected in fine specimens, by Mr. Fendler, about

Santa Fe. Its leaves in fives and pendulous cylindrical squarrose

cones assimilate it to Pinus Strobus; but the seed is large and

edible, as Dr. James has already remarked, and the leaves are

not serrulate and much stouter. The Pifones, so much eaten

in Santa Fe, appear principally to be the product of Pinus edulis.

I shall have occasion to speak of three other pines when I come

to the Flora of the mountains of Chihuahua.

Linum perenne makes its first appearance here, and continues

to Santa Fe, as well as the justly so called Lathyrus ornatus.

Several species of Potentilla, Ginothera, Artemisia, and Pentste-

mon were collected in this district.

Among the most remarkable plants met with were the Cac-

tacee. After having observed on the Arkansas, and northeast

of it, nothing but an Opuntia, which probably is not different

investigated the regions about Santa Fe during last season, (1847,) and has

made most valuable and well preserved collections, some sets of which he offers

for sale. I shall repeatedly be obliged to refer to him when speaking of the

Flora of Santa Fe.

from O. vulgaris, Dr. W. came at once, as soon as the mountain

region and the pine woods commenced, on several beautiful and

interesting members of this curious family, an evidence that he

approached the favourite home of the Cactus tribe, Mexico.

On Waggon-mound the (flowerless) specimens of a strange

Opuntia were found, with an erect, ligneous stem, and cylindrical,

horridly spinous, horizontal branches. The plant: was here only

five feet high, but grows about Santa Fe to the height of eight

or ten feet, and continues to be found as far as Chihuahua and

Parras. In the latter more favourable climate it grows to be a

tree of twenty or thirty, and perhaps forty feet high, as Dr. W. -

informs me, and offers a beautiful aspect when covered with its

large red flowers. It is evidently the plant which Torrey and

James doubtfully, though incorrectly, refer to Cactus Bleo, H.B.K.

It is nearly allied to Opuntia furiosa, Willd., but well distin-

guished from it; and as it appears to be undescribed, I can give

it no more appropriate name than O. ardorescens, the tree Cactus,

or Foconoztle, as called by the Mexicans, according to Dr. Gregg.

The stems of the dead plant present a most singular appearance ;

the soft parts having rotted away, a net work of woody fibres

remains, forming a hollow tube, with very regular rhombic

meshes, which correspond with the tubercles of the living plant.

The first Mammillaria was also met with on Waggon-mound,

a species nearly related to MW. vivipara of the Missouri, and also

to the Texan M. radiosa, (Engelm. in Plant. Lindh. inedit.,) but

probably distinct from either. Mr. Fendler has collected the

same species near Santa Fe. | 7

On Wolf creek the curious and beautiful Fal/ugia paradoza,

Endl., looking like a shrubby Gewm, was found in flower and

fruit; also a (new ?) species of Sfreptanthus, and an interesting

Geranium, which I named G.pentagynum, because of its having

its five styles only slightly united at base, while most other

— have them united for about two-thirds or more of their

ength.

In the prairies about Wolf creek, in an elevation of about

6,000 and 7,000 feet, the sniallest of a tribe of Cactacee was

detected, numerous species of which were discovered in the

course of the journey south and south-east: several others have

also been found in Texas. I mean those dwarfish Cerer,

some of which have been described with the South American

genus Lchinopsis, or have been referred alternately to Cereus or

Lichinocactus, and which I propose to distinguish from all these +

under the name of Hchinocereus, indicating their intermediate

- position between Cereus and Hehinocactus: they approach more

Tas. 4398. |

CLEMATIS INDIVISA ; var. LOBATA.

Undivided-leaved Clematis ; lobed variety.

Nat. Ord. Ranuneviace®.—Ponyanpaia PoLyeynta,

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tan. 4259.)

CLEMatis indivisa ; dioica, floribus panicnlatis sepalis 5-7 ellipticis utrinque

sericeo-lanatis stamina duplo superantibus, foliis ternatis, foliolis petiolu-

latis ovatis integris v. lobatis, adultis utrinque glabris.

a. foliolis integris,

Crematis indivisa. Willd. Sp. Pl. ‘v2. p.1291. De Cand, Prodr. v.1. p. 5.

Richard, Fl. Now. Zel. p. 288. All. Cunn. in Ann, Nat. Hist. v. 4. p. 259,

CLEMATIS integrifolia. Forst. Prodr. .231. non Linn.

8. foliolis lobatis. (Tas. nosrr. 4398.)

This is really an ornamental and showy greenhouse plant, native

of New Zealand, discovered by Forster, during Cook’s Voyage,

and of which seeds were sent to us by the Rev. Wm. Colenso_

_ from the same country. Mr. Allan Cunningham found it on the

margin of the woods on the shores of the Bay of Islands, and

_ 0h the Hokianga river. It quite festoons the trees and shrubs _

with its dense foliage and large panicles of flowers. With us it

flowered in April, 1848. The lobed-leaved plant is evidently

ouly a variety of that with undivided leaves. a

- Descr. A scandent plant, with very lengthy, terete, slightly

' Striated and pubescent branches. Leaves opposite, ternate. —

_ Letioles connate with the base of the opposite pairs; about two —

~ inches long : petiolules about an inch long, performing the fune-

_ fons of tendrils. Leaflets two or three inches long, ages

cous, ovate or oblong-ovate, in the normal state entire at the

argin, more or less downy, when mature glabrous above,

beordate at the base, in-our variety deeply lobed, almost -

Pinnatifid at the margin, the lobes broadly ovate, rather acute.

anicles copious, axillary, large, often.a foot long, divided pres

from the base by opposite branches, which are striated and

ny, bracteated at their origin, and there are two bracteas near

ea = toe

the middle of the pedicels. 2owers dicecious ; male only in our

plant, drooping. Perianth large, white and cream-colour, of

from five to seven (usually six) spreading, oblong, large, striated,

silky (on both sides) sepals. Stamens, at first forming a com-

pact column, with yellow filaments and deep rose-coloured

anther. he outer ones gradually diverge and lengthen till

they are about half as long as the sepals, and then the anthers

are deep purple.

Tas. 4399.

IXORA LANcEoLarRia.

Lance-leaved Izxora.

Nat. Ord. RuBrackm.—TETRANDRIA Monoaynta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, TaB. 4325.)

Txora lanceolaria ; foliis brevi-petiolatis lanceolato-acuminatis basi latioribus

glabris, stipulis lanceolato-subulatis, corymbis trichotomis, floribus (virescen-

ti-albidis) laxiusculis, ovario basi bibractéolato, segmentis calycinis linearibus

erectis tubo longioribus, corollee tubo gracili lobis lineari-oblongis obtusis

demum marginibusque reflexis, filamentis exsertis, antheris. lineari-subulatis

basi bifidis, stylo longius exserto, stigmate clavato apice bifido.

Txona lanceolaria. Colebr. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. p. 387. ed. Wail. v. 1. p. 397. De

Cand. Prodr. v.4. p.488. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v.1. p. 409. Wight et

Arn. Fl. Penins. Ind. Or. p.429. Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 827.

A graceful shrub, received from the East Indies, by favour of

the Calcutta Botanic Garden, without any name, but which

accords so well with the description and figure above quoted of

L. lanceolaria, that I have little hesitation in referring it to that

Species. It requires the heat of a stove for its successful culti-

vation, and then it flowers with us in April. It is an inhabitant

of Travancore, where it was first found by Mr. Colebrooke, and

of Courtallam, where Dr. Wight detected it, but who speaks of

it as a rare plant. In our individual the flowers. have a greenish

tint, which are elsewhere described as white. ce

Dzscr. A shrub with us in the young (but flowering state)

not yet two feet high, but which, according to Roxburgh, oe

a height of from five to seven and more feet, erect, with dic 10-

tomous, scarcely spreading, terete, slender branches. Leaves

patent, often a span long, on short petioles, lanceolate, acumi-

nate, somewhat coriaceous, broader at the base, with the =

parallel and almost at right angles from the midrib. Stipul

between lanceolate and subulate, rather small, erect. fire

terminal (but often with a young branch arising on each si 2

Pedunculate ; the peduncle bearing two small leaves like those ‘

the stem. Branches trichotomous. Flowers rather lax, greenis

Z - OCTOBER Isr, 1848. oe

white. Calyx with the tube globose ; a pair of subulate stipules

at its base; the segments linear, erect, longer than the tube,

Corolla with the tube three-quarters of an inch long, slender,

uniform, lobes linear-oblong, patent, at length reflexed: the

sides of the lobes also reflexed. Milaments a little exserted :

Anther \inear-subulate, bifid at the base, reflexed. Style longer

than the tube of the corolla, geniculated below the clavate stigma,

which is bifid at the apex.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Pistil :—magnified.

imp

& Reeve

Reeve Benham

Fitch del et ith .

Tas. 4400.

ANASTATICA uierocuuntica.

hose of Jericho.

Nat. Ord. Cructrerm.—TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

Gen. Char. Silicula longitudinaliter dehiscens, ventricosa, valvis concavis intus

, transverse septuia horizontalia semina separantia gerentibus, extus ad apicem

| appendiculatis. Pétala obovata. Semina immarginata. Cotyledones plane,

accumbentes, septo parallela. De Cand.

ANASTATICA hierochuntica.

Anastarttca hierochuntica. Zinn. Sp. Pl. p. 895. Jacq. Hort. Vind. t.58. dit.

Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 0. 4. p.19. De Cand. Prodr. v.11, p.185. Spreng. Syst.

t Veget. v. 3.

Amomum Rosa Sanctze-Marie, Lonic. Bot. 258.

Many synonymes might be added to these just adduced, if

they el a of ne Te the space, indicative of the

. Sacredness of this plant, or of the superstitious veneration in

j which it was, and still is, held by the ignorant people inhabiting

the country where it exists: such as “ Rosa de Hiericho "of

Dalechamp, “ Rosa hierochuntica ” of Commelin, &c. Respecting

| this, however, the true “Rose of Jericho,’ much ignorance

. prevails in our own country, and of late years among us the

name has been incorrectly transferred to 2 Ses ee

lants sessing similar hygrometric properties), as.

ting ton this, as all oe “‘ifferent from any real Rose, and —

coming too from widely different countries :—one, the Zycopo-

— dium lepidophyllum from. western Mexico ; the other, the Capsules

Of certain South African species of Fig-marigold (Mesembry--

anthemum).

The “le of Jericho (as little cenit = a Rose Bass he

Cab is a plant humble and insignificant in appearance, ye

the oo: of Eastern travellers has long been directed a

on account of the hygrometric property of the old withere

annual stems, which are rolled up like a ball in dry weather 2

rooted by the storms of the deserts in Syria and Egypt, and aoe

about by the winds. If rain falls, the branches are resto

OCTOBER Ist, 1848.

oe ae

their original direction: and again, in dry weather, they become

involute: and this property the plant retains after many years.

The most absurd fables have been circulated respecting the

virtues of this plant, and greedily believed by the vulgar. The

plant is rare in cultivation, and only preserved by annually

securing the seeds. Our figures are made in part from speci-

mens out of Mr. Borrer’s garden, at Henfield, and in part from

the Royal Garden of Kew.

Descr. An annual plant, branching from the top of its some-

what fusiform root; everywhere hoary, with dense stellated hairs.

Leaves spathulate, the lower ones entire, the upper ones remotely

toothed. Racemes lateral, generally arising from a little above

the branch of a fork, erect, rigid, almost spiny, bearing seven

or eight nearly sessile inconspicuous flowers. Calye of four

stellato-pubescent sepals. Petals orbicular, clawed, longer than

the sepals. Stamens six, tetradynamous, four long, two short,

toothless. Anthers oblong, yellow. Hypogynous glands four.

Ovary stellato-pubescent, two-valved, each valve spuriously two-

celled: the valves in the state of the ovary obscurely auricled,

which auricles, in maturity, are protruded into two large, erect,

concave appendages, as large as the valves themselves. Style

short. Stigma dilated, umbilicated. Silicule remarkable for its

two large orbicular ears. Hach ce// has two transverse almost

orbicular seeds.

The Plate represents a living flowering specimen, and a withered, dried one,

as driven about the deserts :—matural size. Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Petal. 3. Flower

from'which the sepals and petals are removed. 4. Young fruit. 5. A ripe

fruit. 6. The same with one valye removed. 7. Valve. 8. Seed. 9. Embyro:—

ook,

\3 q j\

\ OM ie a \

Tian oY

——— ib

Tas. 4401.

HIBISCUS rerox.

Stinging Hibiscus.

Nat. Ord. Matvacez#.—Monapetputa PoLyanpnta.

Gen. Char. Vide supra, Tan. 4329.

tecnica

Hrsiscus Jerox; subarboreus superne subramosus aculeolatus, foliis petiolatis

amplis nitidis orbiculari-cordatis 5~7-lobatis, subtus preecipue villosis, lobis

acutis inciso-spinuloso-dentatis, stipulis cordato-acuminatis herbaceis ap-

pressis, pedunculis axillarihus geminatis unifloris, involucri patentis foliolis

lanceolatis sub- 10, calyce elongato tubuloso pentagono hispidissimo apice

5-lobo demum fructifero inflato, corolle (lutee) petalis spathulatis spira-

liter tortis, stigmate exserto magno 5-lobo. __

One of the most distinct of the many forms of /idiseus and

remarkable for the copious tuberculated aculei, often tipped with

red. It seems to have escaped the observation of every traveller

till Mr. Purdie met with it near Iratcho in New Grenada, and

sent home specimens and seeds. The whole plant, he observed,

is “full of irritating spines.” In four years time the plant has

with us attained a height of many feet, clothed with such copious,

tuberculated, rigid, short prickles as to give the appearance

rather of some virulent nettle than an emollient Hidiseus. It is

_ treated as a stove plant, and flowered in May, 1848.

Descr. An upright growing, arborescent s/rwé, leafy, chiefly

at the summit, and there slightly branched: the ranches stout,

soft and succulent, often deeply tinged with red-purple, and these

and every part of the leaves, peduncles, involucre, and calyx,

clothed more or Jess with hairs and aculei, the latter seated on a

tubercle and not unfrequently tipped with red. Leaves on rather

long, stout petioles, ample, orbiculari-cordate, shining, five- to seven-

lobed, the lobes sharp and grossly toothed, the teeth spinulose.

Stipules rather large, herbaceous, cordate, acuminate, appressed.

Peduncles geminate, shorter than the petiole, single-flowered.

Involucre of ten spreading, lanceolate, acuminate leaflets. Calyx

two inches long, reddish, pentagonal, tubular, with five appressed

teeth or lobes, enlarging with the fruit and becoming inflated.

_ OCTOBER Ist, 1848.

Corolla twice as long as the calyx, fulvous-yellow. Petals spa-

thulate, spirally twisted, the apices spreading, obscurely toothed.

_» Stamens with the copious anthers forming a cylinder beneath the

large five-lobed stigma: style filiform, longer than the corolla.

Ovary ovate, five-furrowed, five-celled, cells many-seeded with

two rows of seeds in each cell.

Fig.1. Pistil. 2. Section of ovary :—magnified.

4402, b

—

5 SAR IRR se

itch, del et Jith . ee UR

Tas. 4402.

HOYA BEu.a.

Beautiful Hoya.

Nat. Ord.. AScLEPTADE&Z.—PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4397.)

Hoya dela; suffruticosa diffusa (vix scandens) copiose foliosa, foliis parvis ovatis

acutis brevissime petiolatis uninerviis supra intense viridibus subtus pallidis, _

wnbellis lateralibus brevi-pedunculatis, calycis foliolis ellipticis, corolla

_ Totata acute 5-angulato-lobata, corone staminew foliolis ovatis truncatis

supra concavis purpureis subtus pallidis.

The most lovely of all the Hoyas, to which a figure (as in the

case of most flowers with much white) is little calculated to do

justice. It cannot be called a climber, but the branches are

diffuse, copiously leafy, so that the leaves (unlike those in 1.

carnosa) form a dark back-ground to the delicate umbels of

flowers, with leaves in shape resembling those of a Myrtle,

and flowers more lively and differently formed from those

of Hoya carnosa, and most deliciously scented. The corolla

is a purer white, and the corona a deeper purple: resembling

an amethyst set in frosted silver. It is a native of the Taung

Kola mountain, Moulmein, and has been imported, through

their collector, Mr. Thomas ‘Lobb, by Messrs. Veitch and Sons of

Exeter, where treated like an Zschynanthus, or an epiphyte,we

had the pleasure of seeing this “ first gem of the air” blossoming

in great perfection, in June, 1848. It is a free bloomer, and

the flowers last many days in high beauty. _

Descr. Stems branching, weak, but copiously leafy ; /eaves

opposite, scarcely so big as those of the large-leaved Myrtle, and

nearly of the same shape, ovate, but fleshy, one-nerved, dark green

above, paler beneath. Peduncles lateral, about as long as the

eaf, each bearing a corymb of from eight to ten flowers. Caly«

“alittle downy, of five elliptical, spreading sepals. Corolla rotate,

_ Convex, neatly white, sas, with five acute angles rather than

OCTOBER Ist, 1848.

lobes. Alternating with these angles, and occupying the centre

of the flower, are the five leaflets of the staminal crown, ovate or

rather cymbiform, concave and deep-purple on the upper face,

pale below.

Fig. 1. Calyx and staminal crown :—magnified.

+ Tas. 4403.

SIPHOCAMPYLOS MANETTLAFLORUS.

Manettia-flowered Siphocampylos.

Nat. Ord. LoBELtace#.— PENTANDRIA MoNocyNiA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tan. 4178.)

SIPHOCAMPYLOS manettiaflorus ; erectus humili§ suffruticosus, foliis brevissime

petiolatis oblongo-ovatis obscure serratis reticulatis supra nitidis, pedunculis

solitariis axillaribus unifloris bibracteatis folio 3—4-plo brevioribus, flore

longitudine foliorum, ovario turbinato-sulcato, calycis laciniis subulatis

serratis, corolla tubulosz lateraliter compresse (bicoloris) limbo subsquali

(flayo) laciniis erecto-patentibus ovato-lanceolatis.

SIPHOCAMPYLOs nitidus. Hortulan. (non Pohl.)

This very pretty plant, for the bright red and yellow corollas

contrast well with the glossy dark green foliage, comes to the

English gardens by way of Belgium, and we are indebted for the

possession of the species to our friend Mr. Low of the Clapton

Nursery. It is probably derived from New Grenada, and was

received with the name of Sivhocampylos nitidus: but this appel-

lation is, we should think, given to it in gardens in ignorance of

the existence of a S. nitidus of Pohl (from Brazil), with which

this has nothing to do. It is a free flowerer, and it has been

in blossom all the spring, summer, and autumn in our stove.

Descr. A small, erect, firm-growing plant, not exceeding a

foot in height, suffruticose, leafy, branched. eaves alternate,

on short petioles or nearly sessile, from one and a half to nearly

_ two inches long, rather rigid, oblongo-ovate, obscurely serrated,

reticulated, glabrous and glossy above, more rugose from_reticu-

lations and somewhat hoary beneath. Peduncles from the axils

of the leaves, short, not one third as long as the leaf (together with

the flower, a little longer than the leaf), bearing two small bracts

near the middle. Calyz a little downy ; its tube, including the

inferior ovary, turbinate: the segments erecto-patent, remotely

Serrated, subulate, one-fourth the length of the corolla. Corolla

slightly curved, tubular for the greater part of its length, but

singularly compressed laterally, two-coloured, red for two-thirds

OCTOBER Ist, 1848.

of its length from the base, the rest yellow. Liméd, with five

- segments, ovato-lanceolate, nearly equal, scarcely spreading, the

cleft above scarcely deeper than between the rest of the segments.

Anthers terminated by tufts of hair. Stigma two-lobed. Stamens

and style included. :

Fig. 1. Calyx, stamens, and pistil :—magnified. ¥ i

-—

ail aad

Tas. 4404.

IMPATIENS repens.

Creeping Balsam.*

Nat. Ord. BAtsaMINE&®.—PENTANDRIA MoNoayNIa.

Gen. Ohar, Anthere 5, nempe 8 bdiloculares, ante petalum superius 1-loculares.

Stigmata 5 coalita. Capsula prismatico-teretiuscula elongata, valvis a basi ad

apicem extrorsum revolutis. — Cotyledones planiuscule. Pedunculi axillares

ramosi 1-multiflori. Capsula glabra. Folia alterna. De Cand.

: IMPATIENS repens; herbacea succulenta ramosissima decumbenti-repens, foliis

alternis petiolatis subreniformi-cordatis obsolete serratis, pedunculis axilla-

ribus solitariis unifloris petiolo longioribus, floribus luteis, sepalis supe-

rioribus orbicularibus, inferioris cucullati caleare brevi incurvo apice incras-

sato; petalis lateralibus bilobis lobis insequalibus, ovario hirsuto.

_ Imparttens repens. “Moon, Cat.” Wight, Til. of Ind. Bot. p. 160. t. 61.

The finest of all the yellow-flowered Balsams with which we

are acquainted, and for the introduction of which into our stoves

We are indebted to Mr. Gardner, of the Botanic Garden, Pera-

denia, Ceylon. It was first detected by Mr. Moon, in shady —

vegetable soil at “Four Korles,” in that island: then by Mrs.

General Walker, and by Mr. Gardner at Allagala, at an elevation

of 4,000 feet. It is easily increased by cuttings, flowers in May,

June, and July, and will probably during the summer months

be found to succeed best in the greenhouse. Of this genus, of

which Linnaeus only knew seven species, mostly from imperfect

figures, Dr. Wight considers that upwards of one hundred are

natives of the East Indies alone! That gentleman observes it is

there eminently an alpine genus, delighting in a cool and moist

climate; hence it is unknown on the plains of Coromandel,

though not unfrequent in Mysore ; only abounding in the Penin-

_ Sula on the higher hills, participating in the western Monsoon,

which enjoy, during the hot months, a moderate range of tempe-

_ tature, with a very humid atmosphere.

Descr. Apparently an annual, but readily kept up by cuttings,

_ Yery copiously branched, straggling, procumbent, and rooting

Where it touches the ground. Branches succulent, striated.

OCTOBER lst, 1848,

Leaves alternate, rather small, on petioles scarcely longer than

themselves, cordate, approaching to reniform, glabrous, acute,

obsoletely serrated.. Peduncles axillary, solitary, single-flowered,

longer than the leaves. Mower large, yellow. Calyz slightly

hairy. Lateral sepa/s small, ovato-lanceolate, green: two upper

ones large, yellow, rotundate, forming a helmet: lower sepal

large, yellow, cucullate, ending in a short horn, which is much

‘ incurved and clavate at the point. Lateral pefa/s two-lobed, the

lobes very unequal, the upper ones rounded. J/aments white,

clavate, ciliated. Ovary hairy.

closely to Cereus, in which genus they, as well as the Behi-

nopsis, should perhaps be included as subgenera.

‘The species mentioned above is distinguished from all others

known to me by its yellowish-green flowers, the others having

crimson or purple flowers. I have named it, therefore, Echino-

cereus viridiflorus.

A careful examination of the seeds of numerous Cactace@, has

indicated to me two principal divisions in that family: 1. Coty-

ledons, more or less distinct, directed with their edges to the

edge, (or towards the umbilicus,) and with their faces to the

flattened side of the seed; when curved, accumbent. 2. Coty-

ledons, mostly very distinct, foliaceous, directed with their edges

to the faces, and with their faces to the edges of the seed (or

towards the umbilicus); when curved, incumbent, and often

circular or spiral. :

The first class comprises Mammillaria, with a straight embryo;

* and doubtless, also, Melocactus, seeds of which, however, have

not been examined by me; and Zechinocactus, mostly with a

_ curved embryo. The second class includes Echinocereus with a

nearly straight émbryo, and very short cotyledons; Cereus, with

a curved embryo, and foliaceous incumbent cotyledons, (probably

also Lehinopsis and Pilocereus, and perhaps Phyllocactus and

Epiphyllum ;) Opuntia, with a circular or spiral embryo, (circular

and with a larger albumen in all Opuntia cylindracee ; spiral

and with a much smaller albumen in all Opuntia elliptic,

examined by me,) and very large cotyledons. Rhipsalis and

Pereskia may also belong here, but were out of my reach.

The flowers of all species belonging to the first class, with the

doubtful exception of some Mammillarie, make their appearance

on the growth of the same year. Those of the second class

produce the flowers always upon the growth of the next preceding

or former years. “The first class may, therefore, be, distinguished

by the name of Cactacee parallele (from the direction of the

cotyledons), or apiciflore (from the position of the flowers).

The second class can be named, in a corresponding manner,

Cactacee contraria, or lateriflore.

Echinocereus is principally distinguished from Cereus proper

by its low growth; its short, more or less oval stems, which are

frequently branching at base, and thereby cespitose ; by the

diurnal flowers, with short tubes ; by the nearly straight embryo,

with short cotyledons. From ZHchinopsis, to which some species

have been referred, it differs also by the short-tubed diurnal

flowers, and by the numerous filaments being adnate to the

lower part of the tube. The species Echinocereus inhabit Texas

4.0

and the northern parts of Mexico, where Cere? proper are very

rare. They extend even farther north than the Hchinocacti,

but appear to be excluded from the old limits of the United

States, where the Cactus family is represented only by some

Opuntia and Mammillarie. ‘The southern limits of the Lchz-

nocerei are unknown to me, but I doubt whether they extend

far in that direction; the nearly-related Hchinopsides, on the

contrary, appear to be exclusively inhabitants of South America,

especially the La Plata countries.

As I am speaking of the geographical distribution of the

Cactacee, I may as well add here that Mammillarie were found

throughout the whole extent of Dr. Wislizenus’s tour, and that

~ at least four species occur in Texas. chinocacti were observed

only south of Santa Fé, and from there to Matamoros, but none

on the highest mountains, which were occupied by Opuntia,

Mammillaria, and Echinocerei; two LEchinocacti have been

found in Texas. Only two species’of true Cerez were seen; one

of a peculiar type about Chihuahua, and another near the mouth

of the Rio Grande, which does not appear to differ from the

wide-spread C. variabilis, Pfeiff. Opuntia elliptice, as well as

cylindracee@, were observed from New Mexico to Matamoros,

and species of both are also found in Texas. Melocacti, Phyl-

locacti, and other genera of Cactacee, not mentioned above,

were not met with.

The notes and collections of Dr. Wislizenus confirm the

opinion of that acute observer and succesful cultivator of Cactacee,

Prince Salm-Dyck, viz: that most species of this family have a

very limited geographical range, the most striking exception

being those belonging to the genus Opuntia.

On the same day two other species of Echinocereus were found

in pine timber, both with beautiful deep red flowers.

We shall have occasion to speak of others hereafter.

After leaving Santa Fé, Dr. Wislizenus directed his course

southward along the Rio Grande. The country was partly

mountainous and rocky ; partly, and principally along the river,

sandy; on an average between 4,000 and 5,000 feet above the

ocean. Here we find again some of the plants of the plains and

of Texas, as Polanisia trachysperma, T. and G.; Hoffmanseggia

Jamesii, T. and G. An interesting Prosopis with screw-shaped

legumes nearly allied to P. odorata, Torr. and Frem., of Cali-

fornia, was the first shrubby mimoseous plant observed during

the journey, a tribe which hereafter becomes more and more

abundant ; Mentzelia sp. Cosmidium gracile, Eustoma, Helio-

tropium currasavicum, .Maurandia antirrhiniflora, a° beautiful

a : idle tbe gs é rs A j YY72,

44-08.

imp

B&R

aL et ith.

Tas. 4405,

CHIRITA Moonnt.

Mr. Moon’s Chirita.

Nat. Ord. CyrtanpRace#®.—DrpYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA,

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tan. 4182.)

Currita Moonii ; subsericeo-villosa, caule suffruticoso, ramis obtuse tetragonis,

foliis 2—4-nisque petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis apice acutiusculis obsolete

glanduloso-serratis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis v. binis petiolo 3-plo

longioribus, sepalis lanceolato-subulatis carinatis, corolla magna extus

pubescente.

Currira Moonii. Gardn. in Mem. on Didymocarp. of Ceylon, p.19.

Marrynra lanceolata. Moon, Cat. Ceyl. Pl. p. 45.

There have been few of the many visitors to the Royal Gardens

of Kew, during the season of 1848, who have not been struck

with the beauty of the present plant, as exhibited in our stoves,

Two to three feet in height, its leaves rather copious, opposite

or verticillate, of a pale, pleasant green, the flowers mostly whorled

and larger and more delicate and as highly coloured as the

largest flowered Glovinia: and some or other of these plants

blossoming throughout the whole summer. The species is a

native of Ceylon: Mr. Moon was the discoverer of it at “ Four

Korles,” and it appears in his Catalogue of Ceylon plants under

the name of Martynia lanceolata. It exists in my Herbarium

among the plants of Mrs. General Walker, and Mr. Gardner

detected it in rocks near the summit of the Hantane range and

nightly referred it to the genus Chirita, attaching to it the name

of the original finder.

Descr. It forms an erect, simple or slightly branched, suffru-

ticose plant, two to three feet high. The ranches rounded or

obscurely tetragonal. Leaves opposite, or two to four in a whorl,

_ patent, ovato-lanceolate, petiolate, rather acute, scarcely acumi-

nate, obscurely glanduloso-serrate, penninerved, clothed with

Compact silky down, most conspicuous beneath. Petioles an inch

long. Peduncles axillary, solitary or two together, more than

NOVEMBER Ist, 1848. a

half as long as the leaf, single-flowered, thickened upwards, and

bearing a minute pair of opposite, subulate, appressed dracts

above the middle. Calye rather large, divided nearly to the

base into five, erect, appressed, lanceolato-subulate, carinate,

downy sepals. Corolla large, almost four inches long from the

base to the extremity of the lower lip: the fwvée ventricose,

curved a little upwards, and subcampanulate: the mouth ample :

Limb two-lipped, spreading, of five, subequal, rounded /odes (some-

times only four); the upper lip two-, the lower three-lobed.

The outside of the corolla is silky, pale purplish: Zimé deeper

purple, paler within the throat, and with a broad yellow abrupt

line on the lower side of the tube. Stamens and style included,

resembling those of C. Walkere (Tan. 4327).

, . > ae. 7-8

Tas. 4406.

PASSIFLORA amasi is.

White-crowned Passion-flower.

Nat. Ord. PasstrLornE®.—MonaDELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus brevissimus, fauz corona filamentosa multiplici ornata.

Bacca sepius pulposa, rarius membranacea. De Cand.

PassIrtora amabilis; caule gracili terete, foliis membranaceis ovatis acutis

integerrimis, stipulis ovatis acuminatis integerrimis petiolo glanduloso bre-

vioribus, pedunculo solitario unifloro sub flore involucrato, involucri 3-phylli

foliolis ovato-rotundatis majusculis, sepalis petalisque conformibus (intus

rubris), corona filamentis subquadriseriatis (albis) perianthio brevioribus.

Passirtora amabilis. Hortulan.

All that we can state with certainty of the history of this

Passion-flower is, that it was received at the Royal Gardens

from Mr. M‘Koy of Liege, under the name here given. It is

very unlike any species yet figured or described as far as we can

learn ; and it may possibly be a hybrid, one of whose parents

may be Passifora alata, jadging from the peculiar’ colour of the

sepals and petals ; while the involucre more resembles that of

P. quadrangularis: but the slender terete stem is at variance

with both. It flowers in the stove in May.

Duscr. A climber of not luxuriant growth, having a terete

stem. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate, very acute, entire,

rather membranous and wavy; petiole glandular. Stipules

shorter than the petiole, ovate, acuminate, entire. Tendril axil-

lary, simple. Peduncle longer than the petiole, solitary, single-

flowered, bearing below the calyx three large, broad, membranous,

roundish-ovate, reticulated involucral leaves. Calyz and petals

alike, oblong, obtuse, bright brick red within, greenish externally.

lamentous crown white, in four series, shorter than the peri-

anth: two outer series the longest; the filaments subulate,

NOVEMBER Isr, 1848. M2

fleshy, unequal (the outermost smaller, often dotted with black

towards the apex): two innermost series small; crowded, up-

right, each constituting a circle of short, slender acicular fila-

ments, equal in length, the outer erect, the inner almost hori-

zontal, lymg over the mouth of the short tube of the flower.

Ovary on a long stipe.

Tas. 4407,

AQUILEGIA teproceras.

Slender-spurred Columbine.

Nat. Ord. RaNUNCULACE®.—POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Cal. 5-sepalus deciduus colorato-petaloideus ; petala 5 superne

hiantia bilabiata, Zabio superiore magno plano, i/eriore minimo, deorsum pro-

ducta in calcaria totidem cava apice callosa inter sepala exserta. Ovaria 5.

Capsule totidem erectz oo-sperme stylis acuminate. De Cand.

AQUILEGIA leptoceras; foliis radicalibus biternatis, subtus praecipue glaucis,

foliolis late cuneatis lobatis, calcaribus longissimis rectiusculis gracilibus

limbo cuneato subduplo longioribus, sepalis rhombeo-lanceolatis.

_ Aaurieeta cerulea. James in Long’s Exped. to the Rocky Mount. v. 2. p. 204 et

bp. 345. (Engl. Ed.) Torr. in Rocky Mount. Pl. p.164. Torr. et Gr. Fi.

N. Am, 0.1. p. 30.

Aaurizera leptoceras. Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philadelph. v.7. p. 8.

AQUILEGIA macrantha. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 317. p. 72.

_ Raised in the Royal Gardens from seeds, collected by Mr. Burke

in the Snake country of the Rocky Mountains ; abundant about

Fort Hall. James, its original discoverer, detected it “ between

the head waters of the branch of the Platte called Defile Creek and

those of the northern tributaries of the Arkansas : and Mr. Tolmie

received specimens from a hunter, collected between Henry s

and Fish Rivers. All these localities are in elevated regions of

' the Rocky Mountains, in about lat. 40°; and the species seems

to be very local. Remarkable as it is for the large size of the

flowers and the uncommon length of the spurs, we fear that as seen

in our figure, upon a white ground, and cultivated as a solitary

Specimen, it possesses few attractions. Yet growing 1n masses, as

1t does on its native hills, it must present a very striking appear-

ance; for James,in Long’s Travels, asserts that “it forms a splendid

acquisition to the Flora of the United States ;” and Mr. Burke

In his letter from Fort Hall, dated Sept. 3rd, 1845, says, “I

found near Medicine River a most beautiful Columbine, which

have never seen elsewhere, growing at the foot of a hill in rich

loamy soil in great abundance: the flowers very large, beauti-

NOVEMBER lst, 1848.

fully white, variously tinged above with light blue. In my opinion

it is not only the Queen of Columbines, but the most beautiful of

all herbaceous plants, and I never felt so much pleasure in finding

a plant before.” We must therefore endeavour to increase it,

so as to fill an entire bed with it, and we think it is eminently

suited to such an object. In the name I have adopted for this

plant I trust that I shall receive the sanction of the American

botanists. A. c@rulea has assuredly the right of priority, and

Mr. James does speak of the flowers as “blue: but Nuttall de-

scribes them as “ochroleucous;’ and, among our numerous

specimens living and dried, white, with an ochroleucous or

purplish green, rarely with a blue tinge (and never wholly blue

or approaching to it) are the prevailing colours ;— the name

therefore of cerulea tends to mislead, while that of /eptoceras

is unexceptionabie.

Duscr. Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 1-14 foot high.

Leaves chiefly radical, and those petiolate ; petioles long, twice

ternate, glaucous, especially beneath ; the /eaflets broadly cuneate,

divided generally with three obtuse lobes, which are either simple

or slightly divided again. Other smaller leaves spring from the

branchings of the stem, ternate, nearly sessile, especially the

uppermost ones. Mowers large, paniculate, often three inches

across, their colour white, or cream-white, with a tinge of blue,

more generally of purplish-green. Calyx of five spreading,

rhomboid-lanceolate seya/s, much longer than the petals. These

latter are cuneate, cucullate below, each ending in a very long,

nearly straight, slender, subulate spur, capitate at the extremity

and twice as long as the limb. Stamens numerous, shorter

than the petals. Anthers yellow. Styles shorter than the

stamens.

Pe a a ene

sears ie

Tas. 4408

IAMBOSA Mataccensis.

Malay-Apple.

Nat. Ord. Myrracem.—IcosanpriA Monoeynta.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus turbinatus basi attenuatus, fauce ultra ovarium pro-

ducta dilatata obovata, limbo 4-fido, lobis subrotundis. Petala 4, apice faucis

inserta, lata concava obtusa. Stamina numerosissima petalis longiora libera

stricta. Stylus filiformis. Stigma simplex, acutiusculum. Ovarium plurilocu-

lare multiovulatum. Fructus 1—2-spermus calyce ampliato et baecato grumoso-

carnosus apice umbilicatus. Semen angulatum, cotyledonibus carnoso-corneis

crassis marginibus conferruminatis, radicula subcylindrica intra cotyledones

latente.—Arbores Indice. Folia opposita, brevissime petiolata pellucido-punctata.

Cyme Jaterales et terininales folio multo breviores pauciflore simplices, pedicellis

lateralibus oppositis et 1-terminali. Flores ad apicem pedicellorum articulati ebrac-

teolati ampli. Fructus magni edules. De Cand.

Iamposa Malaccensis; foliis coriaceis oblongis s. ovato-oblongis acuminatis

basi in petiolum crassum attenuatis, cymis lateralibus subsessilibus fasci-

culatis, floribus rubris, fructu magno turbinato.

TaMBosa Malaccensis. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p.286. Wight et Arn. Fl. Penins.

Ind. Or. 0.1. p. 332.

EveGenta Malaccensis. Linn. Sp. Pl. p.672. Roxb. Fl. Ind. v.2. p.483. Ie. in

E. J. C. Mus. t.1067. * Wall. Cat. n. 3611. Smith, Ex. Bot.t.61. ~

TamBosa purpurascens. De Cand. Prod. v. 3. p. 286.

Myrtus Malaccensis ef M. macrophylla. Spr. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 483, 484.

Tamposa nigra. Rumph. Amb. v. 1. t. 87 et 38. f. 1.

Nati-Schamba. Rheed. Hort. Malab. v. 1. ¢. 18.

Native of the Malay Islands. Cultivated, also, in the West

Indies on account of its esculent, but, as it is said, not very

highly flavoured fruit: and hence we suspect, and also from a

notion that the true Walaccensis had a white flower, DeCandolle

has considered the excellent figure given by Sir James Smith, —

from Mr. Hibbert’s collection, a new species, to which he gave

the name of purpurascens. Our very handsome plant, sent to

Kew by Dr. Wallich from the Calcutta Garden, flowers in the

stove in June.

NOVEMBER Isr, 1848.

Descr. Our plant forms a charming shrub, six to eight feet

high, with large, glossy, coriaceous, oblong or ovato-oblong, acu-

minate eaves, tapering at the base into a short very thick /oot-

stalk. "The cymes of richly coloured purple-red flowers, are

sessile or nearly so, arising from the old wood just above the

point where a pair of leaves have fallen, the rachis and pedicels

short and thick; hence the flowers appear fascicled. Ovary

inferior, turbinate. Calyz-limb of three to five or six rounded,

unequal, concave, appressed Jobes. Petals four, very concave,

orbicular-oval. Sfamens very numerous. Filaments red, much

longer than the petals. Anthers very small, globose. Style

filiform, rather shorter than the stamens, surrounded at the base

by an elevated four-sided ring.

Fig. 1. Ovary and calyx, from‘which latter part of the ring is removed :—

ee ee ee ae

fee Sena

Tas. 4409.

ARNEBIA eEcurorpss.

Echium-like Arnebia.

Nat. Ord. Boracinr#.—PENTANDRIA Monoeynia.

Gen. Char. Calyx fere 5-partitus basi post anthesin subeampanulatus. Corolla

tubo elongato infundibuliformis fauce nuda, lobis subrotundis. Anthere tubo

inserte incluse. Sfylus apice bifidus et stigmata ideo 2 subrotunda sepius

subbifida et in massam subglobosam 4-lobum aggregata. Nucule 4 ovate basi

truncate imperforate.—Herbe orientales, habitu Lithospermorum, sed stigmate

dicephalo nune 4-lobo distincte. De Cand.

ARNEBIA echioides ; caulibus erectis simplicibus pilis mollibus patentibus brevi-

bus tectis, foliis sessilibus pube brevi molli tomentosis obtusiusculis, radica-

libus oblongo-obovatis, caulinis obovato-spathulatis, spicis terminalibus,

bracteis foliaceis ovato-oblongis basi dilatatis calyces equantibus, calycis

5-partiti lobis lineari-attenuatis, corolle tubo calyce duplo fere longiore,

limbo subinzquali, fauce 5-maculata, lobis subrotundis.

ARNEBIA echioides. Alph. De Cand. Prodr. v.10. p. 96.

Lycopsis echioides. Linn. Sp. Pl. p.199. Lehm. Asperif. p. 270.

Ancuusa echioides. Bieb. F. Cauc. v. 1. p. 123.

LitHosPERMUM erectum. Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Hort. Sem. Koch, in Linnea, 1843,

p. 304.

EcuiorpEs orientalis Buglossi folio. Bub. Cent. v. 1. t.1.

We follow M. Alphonse De Candolle, who in a late volume of

the Prodromus has referred this plant to drnedia, although, as

may be seen by our figure, it does not accord in the character of

the style: but M. De Candolle remarks: “non Lithospermum ex

fauce non plicata, stylo apice bifido (rather stigmate bifido), fauce

supra tubum gracilem ampliata patente et toto habitu; non Ly-

copsis nec Anchusa ex fauce nuda et nuce.” The species, however,

whatever may be its genus (for in an extensive natural family

there will always be a difficulty im expressing the limits of

genera), is a native of the Caucasian Alps and of Armenia: is

quite hardy, flowering in the open border, or in a pot, in June

and July, where it makes a very pretty appearance with its

scorpioid spikes of large yellow flowers, with five deep purple,

NOVEMBER Ist, 1848.

well-defined spots at the throat. These spots, however, in the

cultivated plant, are sometimes obsolete. We have raised plants

in the Kew Gardens from seeds sent by Dr. Fischer of St.

Petersburg.

Descr. Root fusiform, woody, throwing up two or more

erect, léafy, herbaceous stems, about a span or more high, downy

with short hair. eaves spreading, somewhat hoary (especially

when dry) from the rather soft pubescence, all sessile ; radical

leaves large, obovato-oblong, cauline ones obovato-lanceolate, all

of them rather obtuse and becoming smaller upwards. The

stems terminate in a branched, scorpioid, leafy spike of large

yellow flowers; these leaves or bracteas ovate. Calyz cylindrical,

hairy, cut almost to the base into five, erect, linear, obtuse

segments. Corolla between funnel- and salver-shaped, the mouth

spreading; the fhe nearly twice as long as the calyx, hairy

within ; the /imd cut into five nearly equal, rounded /odes, having

a dark orbicular purple spot at the sinus of each pair of lobes.

Stamens small, included. Style shorter than the tube. Stigma

capitate, bifid.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Tube laid open, showing the stamens and pistil :—

magnified.

Tas. 4410.

BURTONIA vintosa.

Villous Burtonia.

Nat. Ord. Legumrnos#,—Dercanpria Monocyni.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas, 4392.)

Burtonta villosa ; ramis foliis calycibusque breviter villosis, foliolis breviter

petiolulatis lineari-subulatis obtusiusculis muticis margine revolutis demum

glabrescentibus punctato-scabris, pedunculis axillaribus folia subaequantibus

calyce brevioribus basi medioque bibracteolatis. Meisn.

Burton villosa. Meisn. in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. v.1. p. 41.

It will be recollected that under our Tas. 4392, we promised

soon to give a figure of a third rare species of Burtonia, recently

raised from Mr. Drummond’s Swan River seeds, by Messrs. Lu-

combe, Pince, and Co., no less beautiful than those already figured;

and we here redeem our pledge. The flowers are indeed the largest

of all the species, and more varied in colour, from the conspi-

cuous yellow spot at the base of the standard. The plants

flowered in May, in the Exeter Nursery.

Descr. A small Heath-like shrvé, with the leaves horizontally

patent, and, as well as the branches, clothed more or less copi-

ously with hairs ; /eaflets linear, obtuse, appearing to be terete

from the closely revolute margins. /Vowers numerous from the

axils of the leaves at the extremity of the branches, and forming

apparently an oblong leafy spike, the leaves and peduncles being

im a great measure concealed by the flowers. Peduncle shorter

than the leaves, bearing two minute, subulate, appressed dracts

a little above the middle. Calyx hairy ; the ¢wse campanulate,

the five spreading nearly equal /odes ovate, acute. Corolla rich

purple, but less deep than B. pulchella (Tas. 4392). The wings

whitish at the base, and the standard with a nearly orbicular,

pale yellow spot above the short claw. Stamens ten, free. Ovary

ovate, hairy: style subulate, laterally compressed, hairy on the

NOVEMBER Ist, 1848.

upper margin : stigma acute. Fruit a globose, hairy, oneecodet

legume, ast longer than the calyx, and terminated by the

_ subulate style curved upwards.

. Section of ditto. 3. Flower with the petals removed.

6. Seed vessel; natural size :—all except fig. 6 more or

large flowered Datura, Abronia, Hendecandra Tecensis, and many

others. Near Olla the first specimens appeared of a new species

of Larrea, the first and most northern form of the shrubby

Zygophyllacee, more abundant farther south. In the same

neighbourhood the Mezquite tree or shrub was first met with,

probably Algarobia glandulosa, T. and G. From this place the

Mezquite was abundantly found down to Matamoros, but the

specimens collected appear to indicate that there are at least two

different species.

On the next day,” near Sabino, an interesting Bignoniaceous

shrub was collected for the first time, undoubtedly the Chélopsis

of Don, which farther south appears more abundantly. Its

slightly twining branches, willow-like slender glutinous leaves,

and large paler or darker red flowers, render it a very remarkable

shrub. Dr. Gregg mentions it under the name “ Mimére,” as

one of the most beautiful shrubs of northern Mexico. The cha-

racter given by Don, and that of De Candolle, appear defective,

though I cannot doubt that both had our plant in view. From

the very complete specimens obtained both by Dr. Wislizenus

and Dr. Gregg, I am enabled to correct those errors. ;

Near Albuquerque a curious Opuntia was observed; it evi-

dently belongs to the Opuntia cylindracee, but has short clavate

joints, which make the name of O. c/avata most appropriate. A

singular plant, with the habit of a Ranunculus, but nearly related

to Saururus, was also found in this neighbourhood among grass

on the banks of the Rio Grande. The genus has been described

by Nuttall from specimens collected by him in California, but

whether his Anemopsis Californica is specifically identical with

the new Mexican plant, remains to be seen, as this last has

regularly six-leaved involucres, about six stamens, and is per-

fectly glabrous.

While the last mentioned plants indicate that we approach

another botanical region,.we are surprised to meet here with

Polygonum amphibium, common in the old and in the new

world, and Cephalanthus occidentalis, so widely diffused in the

United States.

The famous desert, the Jornada del Muerto, furnished, as was

to be expected, its quota of interesting plants. A Crucifera

near Biscutella of Europe, but with very short styles and white

flowers, was here met with abundantly. I had considered it as

the type of a new genus, when I found in Hooker’s London

Journal of Botany, of February, 1845, Harvey’s description of

his new Californian genus Dithyrea, which probably must be

made to embrace our plant as a second species. .

A new species of Zalinum, with single axillary flowers, was

found for the first time in the Jornada, but was again collected

further south, towards Chihuahua. Dalea lanata, Centaurea

Americana, Sapindus marginata, and a Bolivia, probably iden-

tical with a new Texan species, brought to mind the Flora of

Arkansas and Texas, while the gigantic chinocactus Wislizent

reminds us again that we are approaching the Mexican plateau.

This enormous Cactus attains generally a height of one and a half to

two feet; specimens three feet high were rare, but one specimen

was found which measured four feet in height, and near seven feet

in circumference ; its top was covered with buds, flowers, and

fruits, in all stages of development. In size it ranges next to

Echinocactus ingens, Zucc., specimens of which five to six feet

high, were collected near Zimapan, in Mexico. Another Mexican

Cactus, 1. platyceras, Lem., is said to grow six, and even ten

feet high, and proportionately thick. #. Wislizeni is therefore

the third in size in this genus. ;

From the same neighbourhood a beautiful MJammillaria was

sent in dried, as well as living ‘specimens. It appears to be one

of the few Mammillarie longimamme, though it differs in having

purple, not yellow flowers, and stiffer spies. By the name I

have given it, I. macromeris, intended to indicate the unusually

large size of different parts of the plant, the tubercles, the spmes.

and the flowers.

In the same region a strange plant was obtained for the first

time, but then without flowers or fruit, and which, to the casual

observer, appeared as curious as it is puzzling to the scientific

botanist ; single spiny sticks or stems having a soft and brittle

wood, and a great deal of pith in the centre, one or more from

the same root, but always without branches, eight to ten feet

high, not more than half an inch thick, frequently overtopping

the brush among which they were found, only towards the top

with a few bunches of already yellow leaves. In the following

spring the splendid crimson flowers of this plant were found by

Dr. W. between Chihuahua and Parras, and to Dr. Gregg I am

indebted for mature fruit, collected near Saltillo and Monterey.

The plant proved to be a Fouguiera, two species of which have

been found in Mexico by Humboldt ; one of them, the 7. formosa,

a branching shrub, was only known im the flowering state ; the

other, F. spinosa, a spinous tree, only in fruit. The structure of

the ovary of the first appeared to differ so much from that of the

capsule of the second, that it was afterwards deemed necessary

to distinguish both generically, and the second constituted then

the genus Bronnia. Uaving both flowers and frait of a third

Fouquera, I am enabled to solve the difficulty to some extent,

and prove the necessity of re-uniting Bronnia with Fouguiera.

The flower of Fouguiera splendens, as 1 have named the northern

plant, is that of a true Fouguiera, while the fruit is nearly that

of Bronnia !

Towards El Paso a curious Capparidaceous plant was collected,

which appears to be nearly allied to the Californian Ozystylis

of Torrey and Frémont, and forms with it a distinct group in

that Family, approaching very closely to Crucifere, as has been

remarked by Professor Torrey.

I have named this new genus Wislizenia, in honour of its

discoverer, who has, though unaided and often embarrassed

in different ways, done so much towards the advancement of our

knowledge of those northern provinces of Mexico—the first na-

turalist, it is believed, who explored the regions between Santa Fé, —

Chihuahua, and Saltillo. From Ozystylis it is principally dis-

tinguished by its long stipitate ovary and capsule, which latter

is reflexed, and by the elongated racemes; it may, however,

have to be united with that genus.

On the mountains about El Paso, another of those cylindra-

ceous Opuntia was found, but much thinner and more slender

than both species, mentioned previously. ‘To judge from an

imperfect description it must be nearly related to the Mexican

O. virgata, Hort. Berol. I have given it the name of O. vaginata,

as the straw-coloured loose sheaths of the long spines are very

remarkable. A new “chinocereus was also collected here, which,

on account of its dense covering with small spines, I have named

L. dasyacanthus. I have in cultivation one of the largest speci-

mens seen by Dr. Wislizenus, which is one foot high. In this

neighbourhood, Opuntia Tuna, Mill., was seen for the first time,

and this is perhaps the most northern limit of that extensively

diffused species, as well as of Agave Americana, another common

Mexican plant. Both were found in greater perfection near

Chihuahua, and from there constantly down to Monterey and

the mouth of the Rio Grande; the Opuntia appears to extend

also high up in Texas. ~ :

Together with these a Dasylirion, perhaps the same as the

Texan species, was found here, and afterwards again near Saltillo.

From El Paso to Chihuahua, the road lies in part through a

dreadfully arid sandhill district, where a peculiar A/artynia was

observed, and further on, through a lovely country, which, at

that season, (August,) after the annual rains, was covered with a

luxuriant vegetation. The elevation of the country is here

between 4,000 and 5,000 feet above the gulf.

The rare Cevallia sinuata, which Dr. Gregg has also sent from

Monterey, was found in this part of the journey. Here also

occurred a perennial species of Zinwm, with yellow petals, so far,

in America, the only perennial yellow flowering Lznzwm ; it is

distinguished by its long aristate sepals, whence the name.

Several Oenothera, not seen before, now made their appearance ;

different species of Gi/ia, a number of Nyctaginee, several Ascle-

pradacee, Malvaceae, Cucurbitacee, Composite, and others, were

here collected ; including a number of new species, which only

want of time and references have for the present prevented me

from describing. Near Lake Encinillas another Martynia was

found, which, in its foliage, comes nearer to I. proboscidea, but

is readily distinguished by its purple flowers. A beautiful

. yellow-flowering Bignoniaceous shrub, probably Tecoma stans,

Juss., seen more frequently further south, was observed for the

first time near Gallejo spring. Shrubby A/yarobie were seen

more plentifully, as also some other M/imosee.

Here would be the proper place to introduce a notice-of the —

several species of Yucca found by Dr. Wislizenus. But, unfor-

tunately, the labels of the specimens were partly lost, so that it

is impossible at this time to arrange leaves, flowers, and fruits

_ properly. Certain it is that several species besides Yucca angus-

tifolia, mentioned above, were seen; that the leaves of all of

them have filamentose edges, some with very fine, others with

very coarse fibres on their margin; that the majority bear juice-

less capsules with very thin, paper-like seeds, but that one

species produces an edible succulent fruit with very thick seeds.

Fortunately the seeds collected by Dr. W. arrived here in the

best condition, and some have already germinated, so that we

may hope to raise some of these species. Yucca aloifolia, of the

southern United States and Mexico, is said also to bear an edible

fruit, but has serrulate leaves; we have, therefore, different

species of Yucca with edible fruits, which may constitute a pecu-

liar section in this genus. .

The soil appeared to be too fertile here for the production of

Cacti ; and with the exception of some Opuntia, the only species

collected between Paso and Chihuahua, about 100 miles south

of the former place, was Cereus Greggii, which was peculiarly

interesting, as it is probably the most northern form of Cereus

roper. The specimens sent for cultivation by Dr. W. were

unfortunately dead when they arrived here, and neither flower nor

fruit had been obtained ; but Dr. Gregg has collected the same

_ species near Cadena, south of Chihuahua, in flower, from which

I completed the description. I could not have given it a more

arr eee Lg b/ 6

Episodes of Insect Life.

CONTENTS

AND

DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Reem

Frontispiece.

_ BUTTERFLIES IN GENERAL.

Various species just risen and bursting from their chrysalidan shrouds, mount

towards the skies or repose upon everlasting flowers.

The lowest Butterfly to the left is the Peacock, Vanessa Io, that above is the

Common Copper, Lycena Phiaas, the next above is the Common Blue,

Polyommatus Alexis, and that to the left is the same, showing its

under-wing painting. Above these, upon the sprig of flowers, is the Lady

of the Woods, Anthocharis Cardamines, and over this to the right is the

Brimstone, Gonepteryx Rhamni, having the Hair-Streak Purple, Theela

Quercus, to the left and the Silver-washed Fritillary, Argynnis Paphia,

above. In the centre isthe beautiful Swallow-Tail, Papilio Machaon,

to the right below is the Red Admiral, Vanessa Atalanta; perched

above, showing its under-wing, is the small Garden White, Pontia Rape ;

over that, a little to the left, is the Meadow Brown, Hipparchia Janira,

and uppermost upon the flowers is the Common Copper, Lycena Phileas

exhibiting its under-wing. Suspended to the branches beneath are

numerous chrysalides, one of which exhibits the small Tortoise-shell

Butterfly recently emerged.

To the symbolic meaning of this picture it is scarcely needful to point, for in

the Book of Nature, so truly described to be a Book of Emblems, the

il CONTENTS.

history of the fugacions Butterfly, as typifying the flight of the immor-

tal soul, stands foremost for clearness, for exactitude, for beauty, and for

Solemn import.

Citle-Wigqnette,

So issue forth the Seasons,

First we have-Wrxter in his merriest mood, represented by the Cricket,

bedecked with Christmas holly, and alive with fun and jollity. By his

right hand he holds the Brimstone Butterfly, emblem of SpRiNnG, prim-

rose of papilions in habits and in hue. Beneath, the jocund Grasshopper

linked to the above by a vernal wreath, figures the bright SumMER

and in the glowing Peacock Butterfly, rich in her velvet train as

the autumnal flowers she frequents, we welcome AuTUMN, bearing the

ripe sheaf and presenting her merry associate with the fruit of the vine.

Sanuarp.

1. THE CRICKET. INTRODUCTORY. Page.

“The House Cricket, Acheta domestica, gaining access to the milk-jug by a

gue tind co a ee ee 8

Episodes, then, they shall be called.

Symbolic portrait of the author in his character of the Cricket, Acheta do-

mestica, selecting a title for his lucubrations . . . . ... =. XOWI

2. THE POINTS OF OUR HOBBY.

The Cricket mounted on the back of a magnified May-Fly, Ephemera vul-

gata, in search of entomological subjects . . . . . .... &J2

To the end of time this will carry us.

Emblems of riches, rank, and the pomps and venities of life outweighed in

the balance by the author’s hobby of Entomology under the figure

Oa Mayelly oe a ee

3. FLIES IN WINTER, AND A FLY LEAF.

A magnified representation of the House Fly, Musca domestica, crawling up

CONTENTS.

a volume in the natural-history library. To the left is a highly

magnified figure of the foot, and in the centre are the larva and pupa of

another species much resembling it, abundant in its imperfect stages

between the membranes of dock leaves . 32

Try Lightness, friend Poet,

A leaf of the Poet’s epic failure, exposed to the critical scrutiny of a fly on its

return to the author from a butter-shop . . . . .... . . 55

4. THE GNAT.—A LIFE OF BUOYANCY.

Transformation of the common Gnat, Culex pipiens, the eggs united in a

boat-like form; the aquatic larva suspended, head downwards; the

pupa with head upwards; and, last stage of all, the pupa with the

winged gnat emerging from it poe ke oa ee OO

Let us strive bo keep up our buoyancy.

The buoyant Gnat Pupa, and the winged Gnat which half flies, half walks

upon the water, figuring the light spirits which dance upon the stream

of life, and are unsubmerged by the missiles of care . 73

5. THE WOOD ANT AND THE APIHIDES.

Aphides of the Oak. Two of the large brown Aphis guercus, with their

curious suckers, and another species of the oak with the wood Ant,

Formica rufa, in search of honey-dew,—magnified . . . 74

No one took notice of our poor dripping traveller. ee

The luxuriant and well-fed Aphis, in fashionable attire and sheltered from

the storm by her acorn-cup parasol, passes disdainfully by the starving

but industrious Ant, seated unsheltered, naked, and solitary, on a

WOMDMOOE 6 5 se ee a ey oe ee

February.

6. LIFE IN DEATH.

The Tortoise-shell Butterfly, Vanessa Urtice. Suspended beneath the parapet

of the wall is the chrysalis of the Cabbage Butterfly, Portia Brassica.

Above is the hairy caterpillar of the Tiger Moth, Arctia caja. To the

right are three caterpillars of the Magpie Moth, Aérazas grossulariata,

lil

iV CONTENTS.

attached, as if frozen, to the branches. Ou, the lower stems are the

cocoon of a Saw Fly, Trichiosoma lucorwm, and an old cocoon of ‘the

Vapourer Moth, Orgyia antigua, employed as a winter bed for her eggs.

Encircling a twig above the Butterfly is a bracelet-like cluster of the

eggs of the Lackey Moth, Clisiocampa neustria . . ...- + + 9

In the apparent death of winter.

The author, Acheta domestica, in his propensity for burrowing among the

hidden secrets of nature, explores a catacomb of the chrysalides of Moths

and Butterflies, with the view of detecting life amidst frost, and snow,

and torpor . . ee a ee a ee a ee

7. 4 MILITARY EXPEDITION,—BATILE OF THE AMAZONS.

An assemblage of two species of Ants, Formica rufa and cunicularia, illus-

trating the mode in which the former attacks the latter, and seizes its

larvee and pupze. In the foreground is an instance, not uncommon in

insects, of an individual retaining its vitality after the loss of its body,

and above are a winged male and female of the same species . . . 108

How flows the tide of battle ?

Ant Amazons, chieftains of Rufia, hand to hand with the citizens of Fusca,

fighting for the rape and rescue of infant subjects to be converted by the

iets Mae a a a eee

8. INSECT AERONAUTS,—SPIDERS.

On the left, suspended by its line, is the common Garden Spider, Epeira dia-

dema; beneath it is the Labyrinthic Spider, Agelena labyrinthica, at the

mouth of its hollow snare; and on the leaf adjoining is the green

Long-bodied Spider, Tetragnatha extensa. The rotund species to

the right, and the traveller by the cable bridge, are spinners of

geometric webs, of which a small one with its minute artificer,

Theridion, is represented as often seen construeted within the leaf of a

nettle. The Mttle urn-shaped body on a leaf near the centre is a nest

of peculiar form guarded by its ingenious weaver . . . . . - 126

All seem bent upon ascension.

A spider aeronaut ascending in his gossamer balloon . . . . . . . 139

9. THE FRESH-WATER SIREN.

The Great Water Beetle, Dytzscus marginalis, and the Diving Water Spider,

CONTENTS. Vv

Argyroneta aquatica, allegorically typified above, s an armour clad

Knight and an aquatic nymph... -; . wie os ws 10

Her mail-clad opponent his falchion plied.

The Syren of the Poem, hideous above water, beauteous beneath it, changes

under her adversary’s thrust into the Water Spider, whose habits the tale

is intended to illustrate, Her Knightly foe finds his insect prototype in

Ne ee a OPS ee ae A

arch.

10. USES OF INSECTS.

Transformation of the Silk-worm, Bombyzx Mori, Eggs, Caterpillar, Cocoon,

and Male and Female Moths onthe mulberry . . . . . ~~. + 154

The Locust after its kind.

A professor of the culinary art, anticipating the time when Patés de Sauterelles

will be considered as great a luxury among the Epicures of our own

country, as the Locust is in the present day among certain inhabitants

of Syria, Arabia, Persia, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Barbary . . . . . 171

11. ON APHIDES.

On the rose-buds are numerous Aphides, 4. Rosa, of the natural size ; in the

foreground are individuals of the same, winged and wingless, magnified.

In the midst of some small Aphides on a leaf is the leach-like grub of a

Sceva Pyrastri, thinning their numbers, and to the right is a winged

Fly, the mature condition of the same. Another species of the genus,

Sceva balteata, is seen above in different positions on the wing.

To the left on a branch of elder, are individuals of the Elder Aphis,

A. Sambucaria, beneath which is a magnified representation of the same _

attended by a Brown Ant, Formica brunnea, procuring a supply of

ee er ee ee ee ee YE

The Larva wolf in the Aphis flock.

The part of a wolf in sheep’s clothing performed by the larva of a Lace-wing

Fly, Chrysopa perla, as it makes havoe among a flock of wool-coated

Apple Aphides, Eriosoma lanigerum, under cover of their empty skins . 189

12, INSECT SENSES.

In the centre is the large green Caterpillar of a Moth, feeding on rose petals ;

vi CONTENTS.

to the left the Red-tailed or Lapidary Humble Bee, Boméus (a-

pidarius, revelling in pollen, and to the right is the small Cabbage But-

terfly, Pontia Rape ; in the suspended case of spirally-rolled leaves is

asmaller Caterpillar, and above are two long-horned Japan Moths, ddela

De Geerelia, communicating by antennal language . . . . - - 190

The passions are expressed by sounds,

A sentimental Grasshopper performing his moonlight serenade, whilst his

ladye love directs her listening antennee to the quarter whence the

strains proceed. The light guitar fernished to the amative Gry//us by

Fancy, ranks not more properly as an instrument of music, than does

that organ of sweet sounds, the gift of nature, which he plays on at

weet ee tae, 8

13. 4 DEFENCE OF WASPS.

In the centre is the common Humble Bee, Bombus terrestris, collecting pol-

len from the Palm Willow ; to the right is a large female Wasp, Vespa

vulgaris, a winter survivor and foundress of a new colony, rasping wood

as material for her nest, and to the left is another indiviiual of the

same, in flight, descending to the bank in which she has formed her

We a es ee

A widowed winter-survivor.

Portrait of a notable insect character, a widowed Wasp, one of the few forlorn

winter-survivors of a populous summer colony, and the destined foundress

of a future spring settlement, weeping over the remains of a defunct

partner, deposited in an acorn-shell . . . . . . 1... ~~ 281

April.

14, THE ROYAL REFORM,—BEES AS A BODY POLITIC.

‘Two workers and a Drone of the domestic Bee, Apis mellifica, gathering

honey from the nectar-yielding Broom and Wild Thyme, with the

Queen Bee above and in the distance, as conductor of aswarm . . 232

The aged Professor of the Mesmevie art.

A youthful Queen-Bee under the benevolising operation of a mesmerising ‘‘

- Nurse-worker of her race, a practitioner in Phreno-magnetism ;—an

CONTENTS. vu

allegory of the curious process of conversion in Bee Queen-makiug,

discovered by Schirach in his ‘La Reine des Abeilles’ . . . . . 268

15. MOTHS AS DESTRUCTIVES.

On the left side of the vignette is the Lackey Moth, Clisiocampa neustria,

on the right the Gold Tail Moth, Porthesia chrysorrhea, beneath each

of which are their respective Caterpillars, and in the centre is an Oak

leaf with a file of infant Caterpillars of the latter species engaged

in stripping it of its verdure. Over this hang suspended numerous chry-

salides of the black and yellow Ermine Moth, Yponomeuta padella, and

above all, in flight, is the small Green Oak Moth, Zortrizx viridana, with

its Caterpillar engaged in its ravages as a leaf-roller. From one of these

scrolls ptotrudesthe empty shell of its chrysalis, and behind this are the

remains of leaves which it has reduced to skeletons . . . . . . 264

Two Moths still lingered.

Moths of the Banners of the tale, illustrating by the armorial bearings on the

wings of one, and the equipage on the wings of the other, the two

consuming principles of Pride of Birth and Pride of Show . . . . 283

16. WATER DEVILS.

The central insects, swimming on their backs are examples of the Water

Boatmen, Notonecta glauca, the nearer one being attacked by the little

Whirlwig Beetle, Gyrinus natator, while the other is gliding head

foremost into the extended jaws of the fierce larva of the Water Beetle,

Hydrophilus Caraboides. Ou the rushes to the right is a Water Scorpion,

Nepa cinerea. 1n the distance are the linear forms of two Water Mea-

surers, Hydrometra stagnorum, and below them is a Water Bug of less

slender growth, Velia currens. The figures above represent the Water

Scorpion and Water Boatman in flight. . ....... . 284

He rows with infinite speed.

A Boat-Fly punt, with crew of diabolic aspect, queer and cruel, fit passsengers

for Charon’s ferry-boat. The captive of the party with uplifted arms re-

_ presents a young and imperfect Water Scorpion, and the shadowy imp

employed in the erection of the flag, exhibits the linear form and piercing

proboscis of the Water-Measurer. In the head of the rower is

depicted that of the aquatic larva of the Dragon-Fly, with face con-

cealed by a natural mask capable of being depressed or raised, shut or

CONTENTS.

opened at pleasure. Of the passengers seated near the prow, one has a

nearly similar visor, whilst the female is invested with the features of the

Boat-Fly,resembling those which form the figure-head of the boat . 301

17. BUTTERFLIES IN GENERAL.

Seated to the right of the Dahlia is the beautiful Red Admiral Butterfly, Va-

The

nessa Atalanta, and to the left the Common Blue, Polyommatus Alezis,

both exhibiting their under-wing painting. The Butterfly descending

towards them is the Common Copper, Lycena phieas. For illustrations _

of other species treated of in this essay, see the Frontispiece . - . 302

In her hours of supposed privacy.

Painted-Lady Butterfly, Cynthia Cardui, whose Memoirs deserve 2

volume to themselves, if only for the moral they teach,—

“Such mistresses dare never come in rain

“ For fear their colours should be washed away ;""

of equal application to the summer-day flutterer of fashion, and this,

her prototype of the insect world, the Cynthia of the Thistle, upon

whieh plant she loves to regale as a spiny caterpillar, before putting

MITT eS

LONDON :

ee eas war eiae KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.

AAd,

‘Fixch, delet lath. R, B&R, imp

7 a?

DE ia aaa, eae

Taps. 4911.

ALLAMANDA <Auvstettt.

Aublet’s Allamanda.

Nat. Ord. ApocyNEm®.—PENTANDRIA MoNnoGyYNIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4851.)

AtLamanpa dubletii; subscandens glabra, foliis oblongo-obovatis acuminatis

brevi-petiolatis, glandulis minutis acutis, paniculis multifloris aphyllis, ca-

lycis lobis lanceolatis patentibus, corolle maxime tubo gracili elongato

faucem amplo-campanulatam squante, limbi lobis rotundatis acutis hine

basi oblique unidentatis.

ALLAMANDA Aubletii. Pohi. Bras. v. 1. p. 74.

ALLAMANDA grandiflora ? Lam. Dict. v. 4. p. 601.

Oretra grandiflora. Aubl. Guyan. v. 1. p. 271. t. 106.

We have the pleasure of figuring, from the rich collection of

Messrs. Lucombe, Pince and Co., of the Exeter Nursery, what we

consider the true Orelia grandiflora of Aublet, which has been con-

founded with the AV/amanda cathartica of Linneus, and which,

as has been remarked under our Tas. 4851, Dr. Pohl distin-

guished by the name of Audletii. M. Alphonse De Candolle,

it is true, has again united them, but surely incorrectly. ‘The

nearest affinity of this is, doubtless, with 4. Schofti, especially

that variety of it figured at our Tas. 4851. But when seen

growing together, the whole habit, foliage, and inflorescence are

very different. Our present species has shorter leaves, broader —

above the middle, more copious flowers on the leafless panicle,

of a larger size though paler colour, with a wider throat to the

corolla and more acute lobes to-the limb.—It is a stove plant, |

and though too weak to support itself, it cannot be called a

climber. It was introduced by seeds from Brazil, and raised by

Mr. Stanton (who has pointed out its distinguishing characters,)

at the same time with 4. PoA/ii; and flowers during the summer —

months.

Drscr. A weak, but scarcely climbing shrub, with terete,

glabrous branches, and opposite or ternate, obovato-oblong,

DECEMBER Ist, 1848. .

shortly petiolate, acuminated /eaves ; petioles ciliated at the back.

Panicles axillary and terminal, leafless, many-flowered : flowers

of a very large size, pale yellow. Calyz of five spreading, lan-

ceolate, pale green segments, not a third the length of the narrow

portion of the tube of the corolla. Corolla with the lower half

of the tube very narrow ; upper half expanding into a large and

broad bell-shaped mouth, striated and almost plaited. Limb

very large, of five subrotund, but acute, spreading odes, furnished

with an oblique tooth on one side at the base.

SS Leia eee, ae ee 5 ae I ae

oe Mt

4f-

Tan. 4912.

PLEROMA Kunruranum.

Professor Kunth’s Pleroma.

Nat, Ord. MrLastomacem®.—Drcanpria Monoaynta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4362.)

PLERoMA Kunthianum ; ramulis tetragonis petiolisque adpresse villosis, foliis

petiolatis ovato-ellipticis acutis 5-nerviis integerrimis supra setuloso-seabris

subtus villosis sericeis adpressis pallidioribus, pedicellis hispidis axillaribus

et terminalibus, calycis tubo campanulato rigide setoso bracteato, lobis

ovatis magnis, bracteis amplis imbricatis coloratis deciduis. :

Lasianpra Kunthiana. De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 128.

PLeRoMA Kunthianum. Past. Mag. Bot. v.11. p. 125 cum Ie.

It is saying much to remark that this is equal in beauty to

the P. elegans of Mr. Gardner, figured in this work at Tan. 4362.

The flowers are as large, but of a very different colour: the

stem and branches are acutely four-angled, not terete, as in that

species, and the young branches and even leaves, and especially

the bracteas, are tinged with bright red, which adds to the rich

colouring of the plant. It was raised at the Botanic Garden of

Glasgow, from seeds which had been received from Mr. Gardner

while on his journey in Brazil, and the Royal Gardens of Kew

owe the possession of it to Mr. Murray. It flowers in July and

requires the heat of the stove. :

Duscr. An erect, handsome-growing shrw4, copiously branched: .

“the branches tetragonal, ‘rough to the touch, with copious ap-

pressed hairs. Zeaves of a peculiarly rich velvety green, oppo-

site, petiolate, petioles often deep red, between ovate and ellip-

tical, acute, the older ones obtuse, five-nerved, with numerous

transverse nervelets, above velvety to the eye, but rough with

copious short hairs, beneath paler and clothed with silky hairs.

Peduncles solitary, generally terminating a short branch, single-

flowered. Flower very large. Calyx-tube ovate or turbinate, —

setose, concealed by very large, coloured, imbricated, deciduous _

bracteas ; limb of five large, green, ovate, acute aes Petals

DECEMBER Ist, 1848.

rich deep purple-red, obcordate, very broad, spreading. Stamens

ten, five large and five small. Filaments subulate, hairy:

anthers sickle-shaped, ending in a long tube, wrinkled on the

upper edge, and two-horned at the base. Sfy/e curved, and, as

well as the anthers, red.

Fig. 1. A large and a small stamen :—magnijied.

Tas. 4413.

~ ASCLEPIAS Dovetasu.

Douglas’ Asclepias.

Nat. Ord. ASCLEPIADE®.—PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Cal. alte 5-partitus, sepalis ovatis parvis patulis. Corolla alte 5-

partita, laciniis preefloratione valvata, primo patulis dein refractis. Corona staminea

summo gynostegio imposita, 5-phylla, foliolis cucullatis, cucullis ovatis v. superne

dilatatis semper e fundo processum aversum corniformem stigmati incurvum emit-

tentibus. _duthere membrana terminate. Masse pollinis compress, apice

attenuato affixee, pendule. Stigma depressum muticum. Folliculi pergamacei,

leves v. ramentacei, v. spinis innocuis onusti. Semina comosa.—Herbee perennes,

American, precipue Am. Sept. ; folia opposita, verticillata, raro alterna ; wm-

belle inderpetiolares. Desne. ’ :

Asciertas Douglasii ; pubescenti-tomentosa, caule simplici, foliis oblongis

ovato-oblongisve acutis subtus tomentosis, pedunculis brevibus pedicellisque

- tomentosis, umbellis multifloris, coroll laciniis ovatis acutis extus tomen-

tosis, coronz foliolis ovatis acuminatis cornu longioribus inferne marginibus

utringue unidentatis.

Ascieptas Douglasii. Hook. Fv. Bor. Am. 0. 2. p. 58. t. 142. De Cand. Prodr.

0. 8. p. 564.

One of the finest of the genus Asclepias : a native of the west _

side of the Rocky Rlsintaia where it was detected by Douglas,

after whom it was named. Our plant is raised from seeds sent

in 1846 from North-west America by Mr. Burke, then Collector _

for the Royal Gardens. It first flowered in the Nursery of

Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co., Exeter, in whose garden it

made a fine appearance in the open border. It continues a long

time in flower. =

Descr. An erect, herbaceous plant, a foot or a foot and a half

high, with rather stout, rounded, generally unbranched, woolly re

stems. Leaves opposite or ternately whorled, a span long, varymg

from almost ovate, or ovato-lanceolate (more rarely subcordate) to

oblong, acute, downy above, woolly beneath. Peduncles short,and as

well as the pedicels woolly. Umbel many-flowered. Howers crowd-

ed, reddish purple, tinged with green. Calya rather small : segments

DECEMBER Ist, 1848. :

of the corolla large, ovate, acute, concave. Coronal leaflets very

large, at first erect, then spreading, narrow, ovate, much acumi-

nated, below dilated on each side into a blunt toothed horn short,

incurved.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2 and 3. Coronal leaflets :—magnified.

Tas. 4414.

DIPLADENIA vropuytua.

Laper-pointed Dipladenia.

Nat. Ord. ApocyNE&®.—PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Cal. 5-partitus, lobis basi interne utrinque 1-2-glandulosis ;

glandulis nunc ligulatis vy. squamosis. Corolla hypocraterimorpha vel tubo basi

cylindrico et superne infundibuliformi, circa originem staminum hispida; fauce

exappendiculata ; lobis estivatione sinistrorsum conyolutis. nthere subsessiles,

in superiore parte tubi v. medio aut sub media parte ubi tubus latior sit insertee,

Sagittatee, medio stigmati adherentes, apice acuminate v. membrana acuta ter-

minate. Glandule nectarii 2, cum ovariis alternantes, obtuse, singulee e duabus

connatis plerumque constantes, quinta glandula in Echite uno ex ovariis epposita

deficiente. Ovaria 2, nectario seepius longiora, Stylus 1. Stigma globulosum,

inferne membrana refiexa umbraculiformi (an semper?) stipatum. Fodliculi et

semina ut in Echite.—Vrutices scandentes, v. se@pius suffrutices erecta, Americ

meridionalis ixcole ; foliis oppositis integris, sepe angustis, utringue basi selis

glandulisve pluribus loco stipularum stipatis, pedicellis axillaribus nunc in racemum

lerminalem approximatis, floratione centripeta ; corollis sepius purpureis. Desne.

DipLADENIA urophylla; glaberrima erecta, foliis oblongo-ovatis in acumen

longum attenuatis longiuscule petiolatis, racemis laxis nutantibus 4—6-floris,

laciniis calycinis subulatis, corolle tubo basi angustato dein subeampanu-

lato, limbi lobis rotundatis acutis patentibus.

If the number of nectarial glands constitutes the distinction

between Hehites and Dipladenia, this must fall into the latter

genus ; but I can, neither under that, nor under Lehites, described

by Alphonse De Candolle in his elaborate account of Apocynacee

in the Prodromus, find any species that will accord with this.

It is from the collection of Mr. Veitch of Exeter, who raised it

from seeds received from the Organ Mountains, Brazil: 1 conse-

quently requires stove heat. It is a handsome bushy plant, with

copious foliage and deep salmon-coloured flowers, inclining to

purple, which hang down gracefully among the leaves. ae

Descr. Fruticose, much branched, glabrous. Branches terete,

Swollen at the joints. Leaves opposite, (the rather long petioles.

articulated on the swollen portion of the joint) between ovate and

oblong, obtuse at the base, tapering above into a long point; the

_ * DECEMBER Is?, 1848,

texture is submembranaceous. Racemes on slender, drooping,

flexuose peduncles, from the axils of the leaves. Pedicels more

or less elongated. Calya small, deeply five-lobed: the segments

subulate, appressed. Corolla large, handsome ; the tube tawny

yellow, within and without, narrow and cylindrical at the base,

the rest narrow campanulate: the /iméd of five large, deep,

salmon-coloured, rotundate, obliquely spreading, acute /odes.

Stamens included : filaments hairy, inserted at the top of the

narrow portion of the tube of the corolla. Anthers oblong,

monadelphous. Ovaries two, with two large opposite glands at

the base. Styles united: stigma large, umbraculiform, five-

angled, with two points at the apex, concealed within the stamens.

Fig. 1. Lower part of the tube of the corolla, showing the stamens. 2. Pistil.

_ 8, Ovaries and glands :—magnified.

es ascii sass ittarl ONS

Tas. 4415.

VRIESIA cGiavucopHyLia.

Glaucous-leaved Vriesia.

Nat. Ord. BromELiaceE®.—HEXANDRIA Monog@ynta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4382.)

Vrigsta glaucophylla ; foliis longissime subulatis glaucis subfarinosis, scapo

superne ramoso, ramis e basi ad apicem disticho-bracteatis spicas formantes,

bracteis ovato-lanceolatis conduplicato-carinatis acutis unifloris inferioribus

coloratis, floribus semiexsertis, petalis pupurascentibus filamentis purpureo-

maculatis brevioribus.

From the interior of Santa Martha, New Grenada, whence it

was sent by our Collector, Mr. Purdie, to the Royal Gardens of

Kew. Suspended from a piece of wire from the beam of the

Orchideous stove, it produced its flowering spikes in August,

1848. IL refer it to Vriesta of Dr. Lindley, with which it quite

agrees in habit ; but the whole family of Bromeliacee require a

careful revision, which should be accomplished through the aid

of living specimens, were it possible. ‘They lose much of their

character when dried for the Herbarium, and are indeed too

much neglected by travellers. 3

Duscr. A moderate-sized, Aloe-like plant, without stem : the

leaves imbricated, round a rather tumid base, spreading, re-

curved, a foot or a foot and a half long, from a broad, and

rather concave base, gradually: tapering into a very long slender,

acuminated point, of a firm texture and of a bluish colour, the

effect, as it would appear, of a subfarinose or flocculose clothing.

From the centre of the plant arises the scape, red, about as thick

as one’s finger, distantly bracteated, a foot and more long, above

divided into four or five branches or spies, a span in length,

clothed from the base to the summit, with large, distichous,

complicato-carinate, very acute, closely imbricated, ovato-lanceo-

late, rigid bracteas, the loyer ones red, somewhat flocculose, the

rest green, tinged with yellow and red. Each bears a flower, of

which one only is quite in perfection at a time upon each spike,

- DECEMBER Isr, 1848.

much protruded beyond the bractea, erect. Calyx of three,

greenish-white, erect, appressed membranaceous scales. Corolla

of three convolute, purple, erect petals, almost white at the apex.

Protruding beyond the corolla are six long filaments, three longer

and three shorter, beautifully spotted, or banded with purple.

Anthers versatile, dark purple. Sfyle a little longer than the

stamens. Sfigmas yellow, crested. ;

Fig. 1. Flower :—magnified.

eeeneee ee

Sse. ,, see ake

Tas. 4416,

SWAINSONA Greyana.

Grey's Swainsona.

Nat. Ord. LeaumMinosm.—DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx dicallosus.(?) 5-dentatus. Vewillum explanatum majus.

Stamina diadelpha (9 et 1). Carina obtusa alis sublongior. Stigma terminale.

Stylus postice longitudinaliter barbatus, antice imberbis, Legumen turgidum.—

Suffrutices Novee Hollandize, habitu Lessertize. Folia impari-pinnata, Racemi

elongati axillares. Flores purpurei aut coccinei. De Cand.

SwAINsona Greyana ; suffraticosa incano-tomentosa, foliolis 3-8 -jugis oblongis

retusis, racemis multifloris folio longioribus, calycibus lanatis bibracteatis,

leguminibus glabris inflatis stipite andreecio longiore. Lindl.

SwaINsona Greyana. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1846, t. 66.

The finest, by far, of all the Steainsonas, and much resembling

the handsome Cyclogyne canescens, Benth., of Swan River. ‘The

generic characters, however, are very different as seen upon an

analysis of the flower, and our. plant belongs to a different region

of Australia, having been found exclusively, we believe, on the

banks of the Murray, where it was first detected by Sir Thomas

Mitchell, and in the neighbourhood of Port Adelaide, South

Australia. We possess fine native specimens in a collection

from the latter country, presented to us by the Dowager Countess

of Stradbroke.

The species requires the protection of a cool greenhouse, and

would probably bear our summers in the open border. It

blossoms from’ June to August, and has been cultivated most

Successfully by Mr. Ingram of the Exotic Nursery, ee ee

to whom we are indebted for the specimen here figured, whic

had been raised from Port Adelaide seeds. ak

Dzscr. A half shrubby plant, about two feet high, hairy wit

short down. Stems obscurely striated, branched. Leaves, a

span long, pinnated with about eight pairs of oblong, obtuse or

retuse Jeaflets, and an odd terminal one. Stipules ovate, acumi-

hate. Racemes often a foot long, axillary, peduncled, much longer

DECEMBER Ist, 1848.

than the leaves. Pedicels bracteated. Flowers large, handsome,

urple. Calyx cup-shaped, hoary, with an appressed bractea on

each side at the base. Vewillum very large, with a conspicuous,

white, eye-like spot in the centre. Ale oblong. Carina boat-

shaped, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (3). Anthers yellow. Ovary

linear, stipitate. Style subulate, curved upwards, with a line of

hairs on its upper side.

Fig. 1. Calyx, stamens, and pistil. 2. Vexillum. 3. Ala, 4. Carina.

5. Pistil :—magnified. : -

appropiate name than that of the zealous and intelligent explorer

of those far off regions. I learn from Prince Salm-Dyck that a

Cereus, probably the same species, was sent to England by

Mr. Potts, of Chihuahua, but his specimens also did not live ;

they were very remarkable for having a thick turnip-shaped root.

Neither Dr. W. nor Dr. G. having paid attention to the root, I

am unable to say whether their specimens ‘agree with those of

Mr. Potts in this particular.

Dr. Wislizenus was forced to go from Chihuahua westward to

Cosihuiriachi. However prejudicial this involutary interruption

of his journey may have been to the primary objects of his expe-

dition, it appears that he could not have selected a more favourable

field for botanical researches. Amongst the porphyry mountains

of Cosihuiriachi and Llanos, which vary from 6,000 to 8,000

feet in height, and their deep chasm-like valleys, a great many

undescribed species of plants were found ; in fact almost every-

thing collected there appears to be new!

Amongst the trees, I mention three species of pines, entirely

different from those found farther north, but perhaps identical

with some species from the Pacific coast. ‘The most magnificent

of these three is a species nearly related to Pinus strobus and

Pinus flewilis, which | name P. strobiformis. Its size and growth,

its foliage, as well as the shape of the cones, resemble the common

white pine of the north, but the cones are two or three times as

large, not to speak of the other differences. It only grows on the

highest mountains of this region, of about 8,000 feet elevation,

and attains the height of 100 to 130 feet.

Pinus macrophylla, another inhabitant of the higher mountains

of Chihuahua, is more common than the last ; like it, it closely

resembles a well-known species of the United States, P. australis,

from which it differs by its short cones, which have on each scale

a mammillary recurved tubercle, and by having the leaves not

only in threes, but also in fours and even in fives. It may be near

P. occidentalis of the interior of Mexico, but that has regularly

five leaves in each sheath.

P. Chihuahuana is the common pine of Cosihuiriachi and the

mountains of Chihuahua, in general at an elevation of about

7,000 feet. It grows only thirty to fifty feet high, and resembles

somewhat P. variabilis, though sufficiently distinct. Dr. Wisli-

zenus was unable to obtain specimens of a fourth pine, which is

said to grow on the still higher mountains to the west, near

Jesus-Maria, bearing cones fifteen or eighteen inches in length.

On the highest peaks in this region a species of Aréutus was

found, which the inhabitants call J/afronia; it is a small tree

with a smooth, red bark, bearing in November and December

red edible berries. If it is at all distinct from 4. Menzzestz,

Pursh, of the northwest coast, which it closely resembles, it ought,

from the colour of its bark, to bear the name of A. sanguinea.

These, together with a low scrubby oak tree, with small peren-

nial leaves, were the only trees collected about Cosihuiriachi.

A species of Juniperus with red berries, a Thuja, and a small-

ah Cowania (2), all of them in fruit, were also brought from

there.

Between Chihuahua and Cosihuiriachi, but especially about

the latter place, the porphyritic soil produced a number of Cac-

tacee, some strange Kehinocacti, several Mummillaria, a tew

Opuntie, and principally a great variety of Echinoceret. One

of the latter is completely covered with stout and long spines ;

another has short radiating spines, closely adpressed to the

plant ; a third has short radiating spines with single, stout black

central ones, which project from the plant in all directions; a

fourth is distinguished by its longer and curved reddish radiating

spines, with a stouter one projecting from their centre. 1 have

all of these in cultivation, but have not as yet seen flowers or

fruit from any one of them; still they cannot but belong to

my genus Lchinocereus, to judge from analogy.

Some Mammillari@ of Cosihuiriachi are distinguished by their

compact shape; the tubercles are very short, globose, or even

hemispherical, the spines strong, numerous, radiating, and ad-

pressed, the fruits central from a woolly vertex: Mammillarie

compacte. Another, M. gummifera, belongs together with two

species from Texas, and from the mouth of the Rio Grande to

the section Angulares, with pyramidal 4-angled tubercles, and

milky juice, which hardening forms a gum. A third species

belongs to Crinite, and is a most elegant little plant with

numerous hair-like radiating and one stout, hooked, central spine ;

[have named it WV. Jarbata. The specimen communicated by

Dr. Wislizenus, the only one found, was dead when it arrived

here, but many fruits were adhering to the plant, and I was

thus fortunate enough to cultivate it from the seeds.

Other remarkable Cactacee from the State of Chihuahua,

which have been communicated to Dr. Wislizenus by Mr. Potts,

of Chihuahua, are not described here, as it is believed that

Mr. P. has sent them already to England, where, no doubt long

before this, they have been published.

Amongst the other distinguished plants of Cosihuiriachi and

Llanos, I cannot omit to mention a beautiful De/phinium, which

grew abundantly here; a Silene, which is perhaps new, but

comes near to S. multicaulis, Nutt., of the Rocky mountains,

and S. Moginiana, DC. of Mexico; a new Bouvardia, which is

remarkably distinct from all the other Mexican species of this

genus by its smoothness; an Hchiveria perhaps identical with

the Californian 7. cespitosa, DC.; several Gerania, which ap-

pear to be undescribed, one of them with white flowers; an’

Eryngium, with the lowest leaves most elegantly pectinated, and

the upper ones palmately divided; a Zinnia, intermediate

between Zinnia multifiora and Z. elegans, and which last season

grew finely near St. Louis from seeds picked from these speci-

mens. Many other Composite have not yet been examined; a

Centaurea may be found to be distinct from C. Americana, so

far the only American species of that genus, which is so exten-

sively diffused in the old world.

Leaving aside several Dalee, Lupini, Gilie, a Gentiana, Buch-

nera, Castilleja a number of Ladbiate, Gramineae, and many

others, I will only mention a few more, which I had time to

study more closely. First of all, the beautiful and delicate

Fleuchera sanguinea, probably the most southern, and certainly

the most ornamental, species of that genus. Next in beauty

comes the bright-flowered Pentstemon coccineus ; Lobelia mucro-

nata, with fine red, and JZ. pectinata, with blue flowers.

Amongst the most curious plants collected here is also to be

mentioned an Hriogonum with inflated clavate internodia and

dark red flowers. Phaseolus bilobatus is another interesting

lant.

i In the following spring Dr. Wislizenus accompanied the

Missouri volunteers, under Colonel Doniphan, from Chihuahua

to Parras, Saltillo, Monterey, and Matamoras. _

Zealous as ever, he again made large collections on his tour,

but his duties as a military surgeon occupied his time rather

more than the naturalist should have desired. Nevertheless his

collections are very full. Fortunately Dr. Gregg accompanied

the same expedition, and also made rich collections in that

almost unknown region, which we may consider as the south-

western limits of the valley of the Rio Grande.

Before going into the detail I will only remark here, what a

reference to the map and sections will more fully present, _

the country between Chihuahua and Parras has a general eleva-

tion of from 4,060 to 5,000 feet; between Parras and Saltillo

it rises from 5,000 to 6,000 feet, and thence it rapidly descends

towards the lower Rio Grande.

South of Chihuahua, a curious leafless Huphorbia was collec-

ted, with tuberous roots and leafless stem, nevertheless apparently

a near relative of 7. cyathophora. Here, for the first time, Berberis

trifoliata, Moric., was met with, which appears to inhabit the

whole middle and lower valley of the Rio Grande, as we find it

again in this collection from Monterey, and Mr. Lindheimer has

sent beautiful specimens from the Guadaloupe, in Texas.

_ Echinocerei and Echinocacti appear in greater abundance.

The re-discovery of the beautiful Achinocereus pectinatus (Lchi-

nocactus pectinatus, Schiede., EL. pectiniferus, Lem., Echinopsis

pectinata, Salm, in part) is peculiarly interesting, as it furnishes

the means of proving a Texan species, which has been con-

founded with it, to be entirely distinct. The description of the

plants (which died without producing flowers), found in several

works, as well as in the latest publication on Cactacea, betore

me, of Foerster, Leipzig, 1846, was made, as Prince Salm in-

formed me, from specimens sent from Chihuahua by Mr. Potts ;

it entirely agrees with my specimen from the same region. But

the description in Foerster’s work of the flower of a specimen in

Cassel, flowering in 1843, (not known from where obtained,) shows

that to be identical with a Texan species, common between the

Brazos and Nueces rivers, which I have described in Engelmann

and Gray’s Plante Lindheimeriane, Boston Journal of Natural

History, vol. v. p. 247, under the name of Cereus caespitosus,

and which should now be named JZchinocereus cespitosus.

Echinopsis pectinata, 8. levior, Mony., and x. Reichenbachiana,

Salm, are perhaps forms of this Texan plant, which varies consi-

derably in its native country. Dr. Wislizenus has sent me a

living specimen and dried flowers of Z. pectinatus; unfortunately

the plant met with a similar fate to those sent to England by

Mr. Potts, and there is none now in cultivation, if I am correctly

informed ; but I preserve the dried specimens in my herbarium,

and have been enabled to draw up from it the description.

Near San Pablo another Echinocereus was found, and dried

flowers, as well as living specimens, have safely arrived here. A

large Echinocactus was collected near Pelayo; unfortunately no

flowers were seen; but the specimen brought to St. Louis 1s so

far in fine condition. Of another smaller, but most elegant

species of the same genus, Dr. Wislizenus collected the living

plant and flowers, and Dr. Gregg the ripe fruit. It is distinct

from the other ehinocacti found in those regions by the mem-

branaceous very thin sepaloid scales on the tube of the flower,

and the juicy glabrous fruit, in which respect it resembles my

E. setispinus from Texas; F. Texensis, Upfr., has a juicy fruit,

covered with woolly and spiny scales; 2. Wislizeni and others

ES have a dry fruit, covered with hard scales.

ne, A ee < gern emer ae

My Opuntia frutescens (Plant. Lindh. 1. c. p. 245.) which had

been collected by Mr. Lindheimer along the Colorado and

Guadaloupe rivers, in Texas, was also found south of Chihuahua

by Dr. Wislizenus, and again along the route near Parras, and

below Monterey. The suggestion made in the Plant. Lindh.,

that it may be a southern variety of O. fragilis of the Upper

Missouri, has proved to be erroneous, as they belong to quite

distinct sections of the genus Opuntia; O. frutescens, together

with O. vaginata, is one of the Opuntia cylindracee graciliores,

and is apparently nearly related to O. /eptocaulis DC., but is

easily distinguished by its strong, white, single spines, while

the latter has three short blackish bristles.

Agave Americana, with several relatives, was found in abun-

dance on this part of the route ; Argemone Mexicana, white, yellow,

or rose-coloured, was frequently met with; Samolus ebracteatus

occurred in moist places thus far inland, and on these elevations,

while before it was only known as a littoral plant; JJalvacee,

Oenothera, Asclepiadacee, Gilie, Solanee, Justicie, shrubby

Latiate, were collected of many different species; but the great

characteristic of the country were the shrubs forming the often

impenetrable thickets, called “chaparrdls.’’ They are mostly

spinous, very much branched, often with remarkably small leaves,

and not rarely with edible fruits. Amongst them many rham-

naceous and celastraceous shrubs, and some Huphorbiacee, were

particularly conspicuous, as well as some J/imosee, one of which

I must not forget to mention, because it is perhaps the smallest

shrub in this family; not more than one or two inches high,

with diminutive leaflets, but large purple flowers; it was col-

lected near Chihuahua.

One of the most offensive of these chaparral-shrubs was the

Keberlinia, Zuce., called Junco, (Gregg.); a small tree rather

than a shrub, about ten feet high, stem four to six inches in

diameter; wood hard, dark brown with white alburnum; ter-

minal branches green, with a dark brown spinous point,

one to two inches long, and one and a half to two lines in dia-

meter; very small subulate leaves soon deciduous; small white

flowers in short lateral racemes; fruit not seen; in flower in

May. It was frequently seen from south of Chihuahua to Mon-

terey, (and Matamoros. Gregg.) _ ;

- We find here again the interesting C/ilopsis mentioned above,

also Larrea glutinosa, and another zygophyllaceous shrub, a

true Guajacum, which appears to be an undescribed species ;

it belongs to those plants that connect the Mexican with the

Texan flora, as we find it extending from Parras to Monterey,

and from thence to the Upper Colorado, in Texas. Zecoma Stans

re-appeared here with smaller pubescent leaves and more alate

petiole, through probably not distinct from the larger and

smoother plant found below Paso.

The beautiful Fouguiera splendens, with its panicles of long

tubular crimson flowers, rose here above all other shrubs ; in

some instances it reached a height of from twenty to thirty feet,

and perhaps more, always in single stems.

A few species of Yucca, together with Opuntia arborescens,

formed almost the only trees on the arid plains. But in the

valley of the Nazas occur stately trees of a species of Algarobva,

distinct from the 4. glandulosa of the north, with broader

legumes, larger seeds, and few or no glands on the leaves.

About Saltillo Hehingcactus Texensis, Uptr., (2. Lindheimert,

Engelm., in Plant. Lindh. |. c.,) was found, which extends from

here to Matamoros, and to the Guadaloupe and Colorado, in

‘Texas. The pretty Mammillaria strobiliformis grows on rocks

near Rinconada. Hunnemannia fumariefolia, Sweet, was col-

lected near Saltillo, with smaller flowers, (an inch and a half in

diameter,) and near Rinconada, with larger ones, (three inches

in diameter) ; an interesting plant, the eastern representative of

the Californian Aschscholtzia, but perennial, with a small torus,

a different stigma, &ec.

I cannot omit introducing here a beautiful shrub discovered

on the rocks about Agua Nueva and Buena Vista by Dr. Gregg.

Depending upon Don’s characters of Cowania as correct, I must

consider this plant as the type of a new genus, which I have

great pleasure to dedicate to its indefatigable discoverer, my

friend Dr. Josiah Gregg, whose name has already been frequently

mentioned in these pages. Greggia rupestris is a lovely, sweet-

scented shrub, with flowers resembling roses in shape and colour,

so that Dr. Gregg was induced to name it the “ Cliff rose.”

North and north-east of Monterey we reach the lower country,

and with it a different vegetation; here is the home of the

shrubby Cassiee (Parkinsonia, Casparea, &c.,) aud Mimosee ;

Sophora, Diospyros, some species of Rhus and Rhamnus are

common here, as well as a climbing yellow-flowered Hirea,

while another erect, red-flowered species grows on the table-

lands near Parras. One of the most beautiful shrubs of that

district is Leucophyllum Texanum, Benth., with its whitish, to-

mentose leaves, and sweet-scented blue flowers. It is common

from San Antonio, in Texas, to Monclova, and from Cerralbo to

Camargo, but it is not seen on the table-lands.

Vitis bipinnata and V. incisa, well known in the south-western