CURTIS’S

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE

act

’

COMPRISING THE

Plants of the Ropal Gardens of Kev,

AND

OF OTHER BOTANICAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN GREAT BRITAIN ;

WITH SUITABLE DESCRIPTIONS;

SIR JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., Ce, K.C.S8.1,

F.B.S., F.L.S., Erc.,

DB.CcKi OXON., LL.D. CANTAB., CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTILUTE OF FRANCE.

VOL. xLix. ©

mer h6cfree: 6 hPMRLEER DD. USERIES

(Or Vol. CXIX. of the Whole Work.)

“ A brave old house! a garden full of bees,

Large dropping poppies, and queen holly hocks

With butterflies for crowns—tree peunies

And pinks and goldilocks. ee

A “* Then saunter down that terrace whence the sea

fH All fair with wing-like sails you may discern ;

: Be glad, and say, ‘ This beauty is for me—

A thing to love and learn.’”’

JEAN INGELOW,

Mo. Bot. Garten,

LONDON: —

L. REEVE & CO., 6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1893. og

THOMAS HANBURY, ESQ., F.L.S.

Palazzo Orengo, La Mortola, Ventimiglia.

My pear Hansvry,

It is no less a duty than a pleasure to offer to you

the dedication of a Volume of the BoranicaL Macazing, as

a tribute to the value of your services to Scientific Horti-

culture, in creating a garden of Exotic plants at Mentone,

which, in point of richness and interest, has no rival amongst

the private collections of living plants in the world: and

in. munificently founding the “Istituto Botanico Hanbury”

in the Botanical Gardens of the University of Genoa, the

early years of which are already so full of promise for the

future of Scientific Botany in Europe.

Believe me,

Dear Mr. Hanbury,

Sincerely yours,

J. D. HOOKER.

7272

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Vincent Brooles Day & San Imy

M.S.del, J.N-Fitch lith.

L. Reeve & C2 London.

Tas. 7272.

NEMESIA strrumosa.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Nat. Ord. ScropHuLaRINEZ.—Tribe HEMIMERIDER.

Genus Nemesia, Vent.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 931).

Nemesia strumosa ; herbacea, erecta, basi ramosa, caule 4-gono, foliis radicali-

bus oblongis oblanceolatisve acuminatis remote serratis caulinis lineari-

bus, racemis multifloris glanduloso-pilosis, bracteis linearibus, floribus

amplis longe pedicellatis versicoloribus, calycis laciniis linearibus obtusis,

corolla basi saceata, limbi lobo inferiore latiore quam longo emarginato

intus barbato, superiore multo minore 3-lobo lobis oblongis rotundatisve.

N. strumosa, Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Maz. vol. ii. p. 18; im DC. Prodr.

vol. x. p. 260. Journ. Hort. Soc. Ser. 3, vol. xxv. (1892) p. 107, fig. 16.

Gard. Chron. (1892) vol. ii. p. 269, fig. 48.

Antirrhinum strumosum, Soland. in Herb. Banks.

It is difficult to understand how it has come to pass

that so beautiful a plant as that here figured should be a

native of the Cape of Good Hope within fifty miles of Cape

Town, and should never till now have been introduced into

this country. I can only suppose that it may have im-

proved greatly under cultivation in England, and that

native grown specimens are less attractive ; to which must

be added the general neglect of Cape of Good Hope plants

amongst horticulturists, and the apathy in late years of

collectors in that region ; for whilst beautiful and interest-

ing novelties are constantly arriving from Port Elizabeth,

Natal, and the Transvaal, Disa grandiflora seems to be the

only plant worth sending for to the Cape. Mr. N. E.

Brown, in his excellent account of this plant (‘‘ Gardener’s

Chronicle,” 1. c.), observes that the variation in colour of

the flowers is one of its most interesting features.

Of these variations there are sixteen well marked, exhibit-

ing an extraordinary range, from white to primrose yellow,

orange, rose and deep red. In some the colour is nearly

uniform throughout the upper surface of both lips of the

corolla, in others of the red or orange series the throat is

Jaxvany Isr, 1893. |

‘

more or less sulphur or golden yellow, whilst in a few it

shows dark bluish spots. The outer surfaces of the tube

and of the lips are very much paler than the interior, and

often streaked with red. It is singular that, though the

species shows such protean hues, the individual plants, in

so far as has been observed, have all their flowers coloured

alike. It might have been supposed that cross-fertiliza-

tion, in a plant so attractive to insects as this must be,

would have led to the flowers of individual plants differing

inter se.

Another curious feature of this plant is that the colours

of the flowers are retained in perfection during the process

of drying for the Herbarium, and for at least four months

afterwards. Asan instance, the specimens here figured

were put into drying paper in the beginning of August

last, and up to this date (December 8th) they have lost

none of their brilliancy. On the other hand, of the old

Herbarium specimens none have retained a trace of their

colour.

N. strumosa has been known to botanists for upwards

of a century. Mr. EH. G. Baker, referring to the materials

in the British Museum, kindly informs: me, that the

Banksian specimens are from F. Masson, and are labelled

simply Prom. v. Spei., and named Antirrhinum strumosum

in Solander’s handwriting. The flowers vary much in size.

There is also a specimen of Thunberg’s. In the Kew

Herbarium there are specimens from Thom, Zeyher, Drege,

and Wallich. The specimens here figured were raised

from seeds procured at Saldanha Bay, by Messrs. Sutton

ao i of Reading, who sent them to Kew to be named.

—dJ. D. i.

Hig. 1, Calyx; 2, corolla; 3, base of corolla and stamens; 4, two stamens .

d, ovary; 6, young capsule; 7, seed :—all enlarged.

Vincent Brooks, Day & Sar

Bits

‘MS.del JN Fitch lith

lL, Reeve & C? London.

Van, 7278.

EPIDENDRUM sponptapom.

Native of Jamaica and Costa Rica.

N at. Ord. OrncnipE#. Tribe ErrpenpDREZ.

Genus Errpenprum, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 528.)

Epipenprum (Osmophytum) spondiadum ; pseudobulbis elongato-fusiformibus

teretiusculis 1-foliatis, folio ligulato obtuso, peduuculo brevi crasso erecto

paucifloro basi vaginis 2 oblongis flavis instructo, bracteis parvis trian-

gularibus, floribus breviter crasse pedicellatis erectis aureis rubro irvora-

tis, sepalis lanceolatis acutis, petalis spathulato-ovatis acutis, labello

column crass adnato late cordato apiculato disco 2-calloso, capsula

globoso-oblonga hexaptera.

E. spondiadum, Reichb. f: in Bot. Zeit. vol. x. (1852) p. 731.

KE. variegatum, Hart in Gard. Chron. (1886) vol. ii. p. 11 (non Hook.).

I am indebted to Mr. Morris, F.L.8S., Assistant-Director

of Kew, for the following information respecting H. span-

diadum :—“ This is a rare Orchid in Jamaica, and is

apparently confined to elevations of about four thousand

feet in the Blue Mountains. The first specimens were

gathered in 1881, were cultivated in the Government

Cinchona Plantations and regarded as a Jamaican form of

E. variegatum, from which it is evidently quite different.

_ The specimen figured was noticed by me in flower at

Whitfield Hall, Jamaica, in February, 1891; and was

given me for Kew by Mr. Spencer Heaven. I found it in

flower at Kew on my return from the West Indies in the

Same year, and it has now (February, 1892) flowered again.

A note on the self-fertilization of the species (under the

name of H. variegatum) is given by Mr. Hart, Superintendent

of the Cinchona Plantations, in the ‘Gardener’s Chronicle’

(cited above). The true H. variegatum has not been found

in Jamaica, in recent years at least, and I am led to doubt

its occurrence there.” With regard to this last statement,

it is to be observed that Lindley (‘‘ Fol. Orchid.”) gives

Jamaica as a habitat for variegatum, misled by a specimen

labelled as from that country in “ Herb. Hook.” but

JaNvARY Ist, 1893.

which really came from New Grenada. The true H.

variegatum, which has green flowers with dark spots, has a

very wide distribution from Brazil and Peru to Cuba, if

indeed all the plants included by Lindley under this name

are really conspecific. :

Mr. Hart’s note above referred to is important ; he finds

that the lip exerts a pressure on the underside of the

column whilst the anther is held in its place by the horns

of the latter. The pollinia during enlargement within the

anther-case distend laterally inwards, and thus come into

contact with the stigma. If the lip is displaced it returns

to its position in contact with the column, with so strong

a spring that none but a very large insect could effect this..

No flower had failed to be fertilized, the anther always

remaining attached to the column.

For the identification of the Jamaican plant with H.

spondiadum, a native of Costa Rica, where it was discovered

by Warszewicz growing on trees of Spondias, lam indebted

to Mr. Rolfe and Mr. Morris, who made a very careful

examination of its flowers with a solitary one of Reichen-

bach’s type of Hi. spondiadum which is contained in Lindley’s

Herbarium. ‘Complete specimens of the latter, with leave.

and pseudobulbs, may reveal differences, but there is

nothing in Reichenbach’s description that indicates any.

The plant here figured was brought from Jamaica by

Mr. Morris in 1891, and flowered in the Royal Gardens in

February of last year.—J. D. H. ;

Fig. 1, Back of column and base of lip; 2, front of column and anther

3, anther case viewed from within :—all enlarged.

MS.del, JN Fitchhth. : Vincent Brooks Day& Son Emp

Tas. 7274,

CARALLUMA oampanunata.

es Native of Ceylon.

Nat. Ord. AscuertapEa.—Tribe

Genus CaratiuMa, R. Br.(N.E. Br.in Hook.Ie. Pl. vol. xx. (Stapel. Bark. p. 7.)

CaRaLLuMA campanulata ; ramis ascendentibus tetraquetris ad % poll. diam.

pallide viridibus angulis crenatis, crenis foliis minutis serratis instructis,

floribus:in umbellam terminalem dispositis longiuscule pedicellatis,

sepalis lanceolatis subserrulatis, corolla 1 poll. diam. limbo plano velutino

nudo saturate rubro-brunneo, lobis late ovatis acutis eciliolatis, corona

exteriore 2-partita segmentis falcatis acutis, interioris lobis 5 simplicibus

integris y. 3-dentatis antheras incumbentibus.

C. campanulata, N. H. Br. in Gard. Chron. 1892, ii. p. 369, fig. 61.

Boucerosia campanulata, Wight Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 1287.

B. ais i Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. p. 209; Trimen Syst. Cat. Pl. Ceylon,

p. 57.

B. umbellata, var.? campanulata, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. iv. De 70s

In the Flora of British India, when treating of the

species of Boucerosia, I found it impossible to describe

them and those of Caralluma satisfactorily, from the

fragmentary specimens in the Herbarium, and I stated that

I was dependent for their characters and limitation mainly

upon published and unpublished drawings and definitions.

In respect of B. campanulata, I found that Thwaites, a

most competent authority, had included it under B. wm-

bellata, not even considering it a variety; but after giving

due weight to the observations of Wight, who knew both

species, I thought it a safer course to regard it as a variety,

giving Wight’s characters of the thinner angles of the

stem and more tubular corolla which wants the brown

base of wmbellata, to which I added that according to

Herbarium specimens the flowers of campanulata are

smaller and the lobes of the corona narrower. Since that

period, now ten years ago, the species of Boucerosia and

Caralluma have been submitted to a searching examination

by Mr. N. E. Brown, founded on living specimens, with

the result that these two genera must be merged into one,

January Ist, 1893.

Caralluma, with thirty-eight species. The genus is scattered

over an area of the Old World extending from Spain and

Northern and Southern Africa to Arabia and Northern and

Western India, twelve species being British Indian.

Wight gave no habitat of his B. campanulata, nor did he

know its origin. His drawing was made from a dried

specimen in his Herbarium, now at Kew, and was in all

probability received from Ceylon, where (under the name

of umbellata) Thwaites says it grows on rocks near Korne-

galle. It is not known from Continental India.

The plant here figured was received from the Royal

Botanic Gardens of Peradeniya in 1890, and flowered’ in

the Succulent House, at Kew, in July, 1892.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Portion of angle of stem and leaf; 2, calyx; 3, column seen from

above; 4, lobe of inner corona; 5, pollinia :—all greatly enlarged,

Vincent Brooks Day&Sanimp =

MS8.del, JN,Fitch lth.

L Reeve & 0° London.

TAR. 4210:

CYPRIPEDIUM vFasocrcuLatum.

Var. Pusillum.

Native of North-West America.

Nat. Ord, OncuipEs. Tribe CyprIPEDIER.

Genus Crrrirepium, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii, p. 634).

Cyprirepium (Diphyllex); caule scapo pedicellisque glanduloso-pilosis, foliis

elliptico-oblongis rotundatisve obtusis membranaceis subtus parce pilosis,

floribus subcorymbosis parvulis glabris, bracteis ovarium superantibus

lanceolatis glabris, sepalis patulis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis extus

fusco-purpureis intus aureis rubro striatis, lateralibus ad apices con-

natis, petalis sepalis consimilibus, labello stramineo fere globoso sepalis

dimidio breviore, ore semicirculari, columna brevi, staminodio anguste

trulliforme subtrilobo ciliolato.

C. fasciculatum, Kellog ex S.. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. vol. xvii. (1882),

p- 380; and in Garden and Florist, vi. p. 90, £. 16.

Var. pusillum; minus, foliis crassioribus, nervis obscuris. ©. pusillum, Rolfe

in ee Bullet. No. 69 (Sept. 1892), p. 211; in Gard. Chron. 1892, vol.

ii. p. 364.

A very interesting little species as being the only one of

the two-leaved section with opposite membranous leaves,

hitherto discovered, which bears more than one flower.

Of the other species of this section one alone is American,

C. acaule, a very widely spread plant in the United

States and Canada, and which is one of the earlier intro-

duced exotic orchids, being figured at t. 192 of this work,

just a century ago. All the others are Asiatic, and in-

clude O. elegans, Reichb. f. from the borbers of Tibet and

the Sikkim Himalaya ; C. margaritaceum, Franchet, from

Western China ; 0. Henryi, Rolfe (in Kew Bullet.) from

Hupeh in China; C. debile, Reichb. f. from Japan; and

the most singular of all, C. japonicum, Thunb., with

flabelliform leaves having flabellate nerves, a plant more

deserving of cultivation than any of the preceding.

C. fasciculatum was discovered on the banks of the

White Salmon River, above the falls, in Washington

Territory, by W. N. Suksdorf, in 1880; and has since

Janvary Ist, 1893. '

been found at Prattville, Plumas County, California, by

Mr. R. M. Austin, and elsewhere in the same state.

I have sought in vain for other characters than those

given whereby to distinguish C. pustllum from it.

The specimens of var. pusillum figured were purchased

for the Royal Gardens, Kew, at an auction-sale of Messrs.

Protheroe and Morris, in May of last year, and flowered

on the 14th of the same month, the flowers, which are

fragrant, lasting only three days. Specimens have also

been received from Mr. Elwes, of Colesborne Park, Chel-

tenham, In neither case was the native country known,

but there is a report that this was Florida, a most im-

probable habitat for a mountain plant of the western shore

of the American continent.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Front, and 2, side view of lip and column; 8, front, and 4, side view

of column :—all enlarged.

7276

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Tas. 7276.

IRIS Hooxerrana.

Native of the Western Himalaya.

Nat. Ord. Inrpex.—Tribe Monaex.

Genus Inis, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 686.)

Iris (Pseudevansia) Hookeriana ; rhizomate breviter repente, foliis linearibus

pallide viridibus nervis validis, pedunculo brevi monocephalo foliis pluri-

bus vaginantibus predito, spathe biflore valvis oblongo-lanceolatis

subscariosis ventricosis, pedicello brevi, perianthii tubo breviter producto,

limbo saturate lilacino, segmentis exterioribus obovato-cuneatis variegatis

dimidio superiori patulis conspicue barbatis obscure cristatis, interioribus

angustioribus erectis apice conspicue emarginatis, styli cristis magnis

deltoideis, filamentis brevibus, fructu parvo oblongo-trigono, seminibus

strophiolatis.

I. Hookeriana, Foster in Gard. Chron. 1887, vol. i. p. 611; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

Ind. vol. vi. p. 275; Baker, Handb. Irid. p. 25.

Several of the Himalayan Irises belong to the small

group which I have called Pseudevansia, which differs

from the true bearded Irises (section Pogoniris) by having

a well-developed beard down the claw of the three outer

segments, arising from arudimentary crest. The present

species and I. Duthiei, Foster, which was described at the

same time in the ‘‘ Gardener’s Chronicle,” are very nearly

allied to the widely-spread J. kwmaonensis, Wallich, from

which I cannot distinguish specifically I. Kingii, Foster

(Bot. Mag. tab. 6957). The present plant was obtained

from Lahul by Herr Max Leichtlin, from the Moravian

missionaries who have done so much to work out the

botany of that Himalayan province. It was sent by

Leichtlin to Professor Foster in 1884, and our drawing

was made from a plant which he flowered in May, 1892,

the developed leaves being added in July. Ihave not been

able to identify it with any of the Indian species in the

Kew Herbarium.

Duscr. Rootstock less fleshy than in the bearded Irises.

Leaves erect, linear, pale green, strongly ribbed, not fully

developed till long after the flower has faded. Pedwncle

Janvary Ist, 1893.

“

short, simple, nearly hidden by its short sheathing leaves.

Spathes two-flowered ; valves three, oblong-lanceolate, pale

green, subscariose, very ventricose ; pedicel short. Ovary

oblong-trigonous, half aninchlong. Perianth-tube slender,

under an inch long; limb bright lilac, one and a half or

two inches long; outer segments obovate-cuneate, ~

spreading from the middle in the expanded flower; blade

dark lilac, variegated with paler lilac; claw whitish, with

violet veins; beard of white hairs, tipped with yellow,

springing from an obscure crest ; inner segments narrower,

rather shorter, paler, erect, conspicuously emarginate..

Style crests large, deltoid. Anthers linear; filaments short.

Capsule small, oblong-trigonal, rostrate. Seeds with a

small but conspicuous arillode.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, Front view of anther; 2, back view of anther; 3, apex of style, with

crests :—all enlarged.

HANDBOOK of the BRITISH REGRA a he

Flowering ‘Plants and. Ferns indigenous. t0, or: naire ized

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BOTANICAL MAGAZLNE.

CONTENTS OF No, 577, JANUARY, 1893.

Tas. 7272. _REMaESIA STROMOSA.

ee ee ee SPONDIACUM.,

yy “9274—CAVALLUMA- CAMPANULATA

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ae = SUS, See

E PHYS

‘LEPIDOPTERA oF THE BRITISH ISLANDS.

. CHARLES @ BARRETT, FBS

a ospecties may uy be had ¢ on apy Ration wo the Palate ae S.

a 'S ce os, Besre &O0. 6, Henriotta Sirect, Covent Garey,

Now Bie 2) Doah! c eee. ¥ Vi, & 1s; “with Coloured Plate

Pt i

XLIX.—FEBRUA RY. —

.o BOTANIC SOCIETY.

“3289 3.

‘Floral. bibitions.—Weluesdays, Maréh 22;-April-26, May 17.

a al- Floral Fete.— Wednesday, June

Special Fl Fete.— Wednesday; June 21.

Fote.— Wednesday; July 5, 8 to 12 p.m.

enades.—On the Wednesdays in May, June, and July,

hayes Exhibition and Kéte days éxcepted.

a in ety and ame at 40 palace.

A fe ie cof he pictonal engraving of Dr. J. D. Hooxsr in the Rhado-

dron region of the Himalaya Mountains, surrounded by natives, collecting

be had, price als., sent post free one Feeeipt of remittance. Size.

he by 2 2 ft. 33 in.

Now rend %

FUNGI, Piiveycetta and: Ustilaginewe

a MaAsseu ( Lecturer on Botany to the London Society for the,

of as Ree 8 Plates, Ts. 6d. z

: Wie ae nt

Agus Siac aane G

T2v4.

- ‘

‘Vincent Brooks, Day & Son Imp.

Taps: 7227.

STEVENSONIA GRaNDIFOLIA.

Native of the Seychelle Islands.

Nat. Ord. Patmea.—Tribe ARECE2.

Genus Stevensonta, Duncan; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ili. p. 908).

~ STEVENsONTA grandifolia ; Duncan, Cat. Hort. Maurit. 87, nomen; Balf. f. in

Baker Fl. Maurit. 388; J. Smith, Records of the Royal Botanical Gardens,

wean 114; Official Guide to the North Gallery, Kew, Ed. 5, Nos. 467, 470,

478, 495.

Pheenicophorium sechellarum, H. Wendl. in Illustr. Hortic. vol. xii. p. 433

(young plant) and Misc. 5; Kerchove, Les Palmiers, p. 327.

Areca sechellarum, Hort.

Astrocaryum Borsignianum and aureo-pictum, Hort.

The Seychelle Islands are, for their area, quite unique in

respect of the number of endemic genera and species of

Palms which they contain, all their species being in this

category, as are all the genera but one, Acanthophenia,

which is otherwise confined to the Mauritian group of

islands. Moreover, these endemic genera, of which there

are five, are all of them monotypic; they are the famous

“Double Cocoa nut,” Lodoicea sechellarum, Labill. (see

Tab. 2734-8 of this work), the nearest ally of which is the

Borassus flagellifer, Linn., a native of tropical Africa, and

abundant (though doubtless introduced) in India. The

remainder all belong to the large tribe of Arecex; namely, —

Nephrosperma van Houtteana, Balf. f.; Roscheria melano-

chetes, Wendl., the ** Latanier Hanbaum,” of the islanders ;

Verschaffeltia splendida, Wendl., the ‘‘ Latte”; and the

subject of this plate, the ‘“‘Latanier feuillé.” The

endemic Acanthopheniz is the Deckenia alba, Wendl.,

which Mr. Horne, the late Government Botanist in the

Mauritius, informs me is referable to the first-named

genus, and will therefore bear the name of Acantho-

Fesrvary 1st, 1893.

pheniz alba, Horne; it is the “ Choux Palmiste” of the

islanders.

The Island of Mauritius, with its dependency Rodriguez,

contains more endemic species of Palms than the Seychelles

do, but fewer genera, namely, nine species under four

genera, two of them under Acanthophenix, which genus, as

before observed, is common to the Seychelles.

The history of the introduction of Stevensonia is thus

given by the late J. Smith, for many years Curator of the

Royal Gardens, Kew :—* This fine Palm was discovered on

Round Island, one of the Seychelle group, by Mr. J.

Duncan, Director of the Mauritius Botanic Gardens. It

was growing in marshy places. In 1855 he sent three

plants to Kew under the name of Latania aurea, but after-

wards finding it to be a distinct genus, he gave it the name

of Stevensonia, in compliment to the then Governor of

Mauritius, who favoured his botanical excursions to the

different islands. In 1857 Mr. Wendland, Director of the.

Royal Gardens Herrenhausen, Hanover, visited Kew, and |

was anxious to obtain a plant of this rare Palm; I had

marked one of the plants for him, and on taking him to

the nursery pits to show it to him, it was not to be found.

This led to a strict inquiry, and it was found that it had

been stolen by a German gardener then employed in the

Gardens, and it afterwards appeared in a private garden in

Berlin ; and some years ago I heard that it had grown to

be a fine plant. Mr. Wendland, being a writer on Palms,

set aside the name Stevensonia, and substituted for it

Pheenicophorium, which means the thief Palm, which I

consider was not justified, and also that it was a very

undigified name for such a noble Palm, and founded on

such an ignoble circumstance.” The name Stevensonia

had from the first been retained in all the “‘ Kew Guides,’’ as

it was in 1877 by Balfour in Baker’s “Flora of Mauritius,”

with the observation that ** the name Phenicophorium. .« -

invented for the purpose of commemorating the disgraceful

fact. of this Palm having been stolen from Kew by a

foreign employé should surely be suppressed ;”’ and it is so

in the * Genera Plantarum,” published in 1883.

Stevensonia is common in all the Islands of the Seychelle

group, attaining a height of forty to fifty feet ; the species

here figured is probably one of the original plants men-

tioned above, and had attained twelve feet before flowering,

which it did for the first time in September of last year,

in the Palm House of the Royal Gardens. The plant isin

its mature state wholly destitute of spines, whereas in the

young state the deep orange-red petioles are clothed with

black needle-like spines one to three inches long, and the

young leaves are orange beneath and mottled with orange

brown spots above. The difference in these respects

between the old and young plants is so great that Mr.

Watson observes that it is hardly credible that they

form but one species.

Descr. Trunk slender, at first clothed with long spines,

at length unarmed, ringed, dark brown, twenty-two inches

in girth, twelve feet high to the base of the lowest sheath,

and to the top of the foliage twenty-four feet. Leaves

spreading and recurved, blade seven feet long by six broad,

cuneate-obovate or oblong, shortly bifid, deeply laciniate

on the margin from a quarter to one-third way down

between numerous nerves, pale green above when old, of a

bright coppery orange when young beneath, and bright

red-brown when dying; lacinizw ensiform, acutely un-

equally two to four-fid at the apex, many nerved; midrib

slender, bearing here and there linear horizontal brown

peltate scales one-third to one-half inch long ; petiole three

feet long and costa semiterete, gradually narrowed into

a sheath two to three feet long, which is hoary, scaly and

spiny when young. Spadizx three to six feet long, axillary,

ovoid, laxly branched, golden yellow, as are the flowers ;

branches one to one and a half feet long, slender, erecto-

patent, tumid at the base, clothed throughout with flowers.

Peduncele one and a half to three feet long. Spathes two,

lower twelve to eighteen inches long, persistent, bristly,

upper two to three and a half feet, clavate, woody,

deciduous. Flowers ternate, a female between two males,

or the uppermost on the branches male. Male fl. a quarter

inch broad when expanded; sepals imbricate, minute,

reniform ; petals ovate-lanceolate, acute, valvate, coria-

ceous. Stamens fifteen to twenty, inserted at the base of

the perianth, filaments subulate, anthers linear, base deeply

cleft. Fem. fl. minute, globose, somewhat enlarged after

flowering; sepals orbicular, concave, coriaceous, broadly

imbricating ; petals larger, orbicular, imbricate, with short

valvate tips. Ovary ovoid, two-celled, stigma sessile trifid,

ovule parietal. Drupe small, flattened on one side, about

a third of an inch long; stigma subbasilar ; mesocarp thin,

fibrous; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds ovoid, ascending,

raphe loosely reticulate; albumen deeply ruminate ;

embryo subbasilar.—J. D. H.

Figs. 1 and 2, Peltate scales from under-surface of leaf; 3, portion of

branch of spadix with male and fem. flowers; 4, male fl.; 5, the same laid

open; 6, stamen; 7, portion of branch of spadix and fem. fl.; 8, young male

fl.; 9, portion of branch of spadix and fem. fi.; 10, ovary and staminodes :—

all greatly enlarged.

a’

ie)

dean)

Vincent Brocks, Day & Son Imp.

L: Reeve & C° London.

Tas. 7278.

COCCOCYPSELUM uirsvrom.

Native of Mexico, Central America and Trinidad,

Nat. Ord. Rusrace®.—Tribe MussanDEx.

Genus Coccocypsztum, P. Br.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl, vol. ii. p. 73.)

CoccocyrsELum hirsutum ; undique patentim hirsutum, caulibus prostratis dein

adscendentibus, foliis longiuscule petiolatis late ovatis ovato-rotundatisve

obtusis v. subacutis basi rotundatis supra convexis viridibus nervis

numerosis impressis subtus purpurascentibus nervis validis, stipulis

setaceis, pedunculis petiolis longioribus, capitulis 6-8-floris, floribus ses-

silibus, bracteis calyci subaequilongis, calycis dentibus lineari-lanceolatis

erectis, corolla pallide violacea tubo calyce duplo longiore, lobis oblongis,

bacca ellipsoidea saturate violacea hirsuta calycis dentibus subulatis

coronata, seminibus papillosis.

C. hirsutum, Bartl. in Herb. Haenke, ex DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 396; Benth. m

Vidensk. Meddil. Kidbenhavn (1852) p. 51; Walp. Ann. vol. vz p. 133.

C. repens, F. Morren, Belg. Hortic. vol. x. (1860) p. 194, t. xiii., xiv., fig. 3-5

(non Swartz).

C. discolor, Hort.

Coccocypselum hirsutum has been cultivated for many

years at Kew, latterly under the name of C, discolor, and

was probably received from Trinidad at an early period.

In 1860 it was figured by Morren in the Belgique Horti-

cole, probably from specimens sent from Kew, as C. repens,

Sw., a totally different species, described by Swartz as

having pubescent leaves, a very short flowering peduncle

and subsessile axillary flowers. To add to this source of

confusion, the habitats of C. repens, Jamaica and San

Domingo, taken from De Candolle, are attributed to

hirsutum, which has never been found in either locality.

The latter is a native of Mexico, Costa Rica, and Trinidad,

and probably other places in the Spanish Main. It

flowers in the Royal Gardens at most seasons, and its

beautiful leaves are very persistent. Mr. Watson grows it~

im baskets suspended from the roof of a stove, where it

forms a very attractive object, from the colour of the stems

FEesruaky Ist, 1893.

and leaves. It is the second species figured in this work,

the first being C. campanuliflorum (Hedyotis campanuli-

flora, Hook., Tab. 2840). About twenty others have been

described, all natives of tropical America. The genus

hardly differs from Hedgotis except in the baccate fruit. —

J. Dill,

Fig. 1, Flowers with the corolla removed ; 2, corolla laid open; 3 and 4,

stamens; 5, ovary laid open; 6, seed :—all enlarged.

Tele

Vincent Brooks, Day & Son, imp.

Jotm Allen, deL. IN Fitch. lith,

A: A MS ok ee A

eee oo Ree on

ZAR. Y219:

MAMMILLARIA prismatioa.

Native of Mezico.

Nat. Ord. Cactex. Tribe Ecu1nocactTEs.

Genus Mammitiaria, Haw. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 84).

Mammuityiarta (Anhalonium) prismatica ; acaulis, tuberculis radicalibus 1 poll.

latis spiraliter imbricatis crusta cartilaginea tenui opace glauco obductis

late deltoideis obtusis v. retusis marginibus rotundatis, superioribus basi

foliaceo-applanatis superne incrassatis trigonis acutis deltoideo retusis

integerrimis apicibus in plantis juvenculis (rarissime in maturis) pul-

verigeris, axillis lanatis, floribus terminalibus basi lana copiosa velatis.

M. (Anhalonium) prismatica, Hemsl. in Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. vol. i. p. 519

(exel. citat.).

M. aloides, Monv. Cat. 1846, ex Labour. Monog. Cact. p. 153.

M. (Anhalonium) retusa, Mittl. Man. Amat. Cact. p. 11, ex Labour l. ec.

Anhalonium prismaticum, Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 1839, p-1; im Hortic.

Univers. t. 30; in Berlin Gartenz. (1835), p. 541, fig. 126; Les Cactees,

p. 41; Labouret. Monog. Cact. (1847), p. 158; Salm. Dyck. Cact. Hort.

Dyck. pp. 5, 77.

A. retusum, Salm Dyck. l. c. p. 5. ee OF :

Ariocarpus retusus, Scheidw. in. Bull. Acad. Bruel vi. (1839), p.88|; in Hortic.

Belg. (1838)), p. 377 ; et in Ann. Se. Nat. vol. x. (1838), p. 1

The genus Anhalonium, founded by Lemaire (Cact. Gen.

Nov. and sp. Hort. Monv. p. 1) in 1839, on certain species

of Mammillaria with naked tubercles, and the flowers

formed on the terminal tubercles, was reduced by Engel-

mann, the most learned author on Cactex, to a section of

the latter genus, in his account of the species of the Order

collected during the progress of the United States and

Mexican boundary survey under the command of Lieut-

Col. Emory. Under the only species there described, M.

Jissurata, Engelm., p. 18, t. 17, Dr. Engelmann says of

the Anhalonia: ‘* These very curious plants, some of them

looking more like some Aloe than like a Cactus, can never-

theless not be separated from Mammillaria. The seed is

the only part of the organs of fructification which seems

to me to offer any character, by having a hard roughly

tubercled testa in ours, as well as in another Mexican

species which I had the opportunity to examine. Our species

FEeBrvuary 1st, 1893.

AX. (/838) p 492, — eHe)

(and probably all the others) have the flower and fruit

sessile upon the lower part of the tubercle, and elevated

above the axil, much as in M. macromeris ; but unlike that

plant, the lower part of the tubercle is entirely distinct

from the upper one.”

The species represented on Plate 7279 a good deal

resembles that of Engelmann’s M. fissurata, but is a very

much larger plant, the tubercles are not so ovate, are

perfectly smooth (not warted and fissured), and the

perianth is larger and longer.

As the propriety of adopting the specific name (M.

prismatica) here employed may be traversed from being

founded on an erroneous citation of Lemaire’s Hort. Univ.,

I should add, that I think it has better claim for adoption

than the earlier of M. retusa and M. aloides, as being more

significant, as the first given to the species, and as being

everywhere recognized where Cacti have been growing or

studied for upwards of half a century.

About a dozen species of Mammillaria have been re-

ferred to Anhalonium, all natives of Andean regions, from

Northern Mexico, southward to Peru. M. prismatica was

discovered in 1838 by Galeotti, near San Louis de Potosi,

in Mexico, at an elevation of seven thousand to eleven —

thousand feet. The specimen here figured flowered in the

Succulent House of the Royal Gardens in September, 1889,

when the flowers were, as represented, pure white; but

they are described as rose-coloured by Salm Dyck. The

specimen was purchased from C. Runge, of St. Antonio,

Texas, in 1888.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Flower; 2, petal:—both slightly enlarged.

ui.

N.S.del. JIN Fitch ji

Vincent Brooks Day & Son,Inp.

Tas. 7280.

TRITONIA ROSEA.

Native of the Cape Colony and Natal.

Nat. Ord. In1pEx.—Tribe GuaDIoLez.

Genus Tritonia, Ker; (Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 708).

TRitonta rosea; cormo globoso tunicis fibrosis, foliis basalibus 5-6 linearibus

glabris elongatis, caule elato gracili tereti sepissime profunde furcato,

spicis laxis 6-8-floris subsecundis, spathe valvis inzqualibus, exterior,

majori oblongo scarioso interiori minori membranaceo tricuspidatoi

perianthio roseo tubo brevi infundibulari lobis oblongis tubo 2-3-plo

longioribus 3 inferioribus ore flavo maculato, staminibas perianthio duplo

brevioribus.

T. rosea, Klatt in Linnea, vol. xxxii. p. 760. Baker Handb. Irid. p. 194.

Montbretia rosea, Baker in Journ, Linn, Soc. vol. xvi. p. 169.

These Tritonias are more like Ixias in habit than

Gladioli, and they have the same short scariose spathe-

valves, but they differ from Ivia and Sparawis in their uni-

lateral stamens. ‘'ritonia is a genus of twenty-six species,

but we seldom see any of them in cultivation, except

I’. crocata (Ixia crocata, Bot. Mag., tab. 184) and 7.

Pottsii (Bot. Mag., tab. 6722). The present plant has a

range extending through the eastern provinces of the Cape

Colony from Uitenhage northward to Natal. It has been

in cultivation for many years, and at Kew is found to

stand the winter when planted in an open border facing

the south. Our drawing was made from a plant that

flowered at Kew in September, 1891.

Descr. Corm globose, about an inch in diameter ; outer

tunics brown, formed of matted parallel fibres. Basal

leaves five or six, linear, erect, glabrous, firm, green, one

or two feet long, with thick straw-coloured ribs and edges.

Stem slender, terete, overtopping the leaves, usually deeply

forked. Spikes lax, subsecund; outer spathe-valves

oblong, scariose, a quarter of an inch long; inner smaller,

Frsruary Ist, 1893.

membranous, bicuspidate. Perianth rose-red ; tube funnel-

shaped, as long as the spathe ; lobes oblong, obtuse, nearly

an inch long, the three lower with a spade-shaped yellow

blotch at the throat. Stamens not more than half as long

as the perianth, anthers linear. Style just overtopping

the anthers, branches spreading. Capsule small, oblong-

trigonous.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, The stamens; 2, a single anther; 3, pistil, with inner spathe-valve:

—all enlarged.

L82

M.S.deL,J.N Fitch ith. Vincent Brooks Day & Son, Imp.

L.Reeve & C° London.

Tas, 7281.

TRICHOPILIA sancurnonenta.

Native of Equador.

Nat. Ord. OncuipEm. Tribe VanpEx.

Genus Tricnorit1a, Lindl. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 559.)

TrRicHorPitta sanguinolenta; pseudobulbis ovoideis lavibus, folio petiolato —

ovato- vy. lineari-oblongo subacuto, pedunculo folio breviore robusto

1-floro vaginis 3 tubulosis elongatis instructo, sepalis petalisque lineari-

oblongis subacutis flavo-olivaceis fusco-sanguineo maculatis, labello

oblongo apice bifido lobis divaricatis, lateribus erectis crispatis albidis

marginibus sanguineo transverse striolatis, disco carnoso albido basi

2-calloso velutino, ima basi 2-auriculato, auriculis aureis erosis columnz

lateribus adnatis, columna tereti, clinandrio dorso fimbriato.

T. sanguinea, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. vol. ii. p. 106, t. 131.

Helcia sanguinea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. vol. xxxi. (1845), misc. p. 17; m Pact. Fl.

Gard. vol. ii. p. 97, fig. 182 ; Walp. Ann. vol. vi. p. 682.

Trichopilia sanguinolenta, though long known in cultiva-

tion, has never been re-found in a native state since its

discovery by Hartweg in the Andes of Ecuador, half a

century ago; and the only native specimen in existence is

Hartweg’s, preserved in Lindley’s Herbarium (now at

Kew). From it Lindley made the drawing published in

the form of a wood-cut in Paxton’s Magazine, as Helcia

sanguinolenta, which fairly represents the plant (consider- ~

ing that it was made from a dried specimen), though the

sepals are shorter broader and more obovate than in either

the original specimen or in that now figured. The genus

Helcia was founded on an. erroneous view of the insertion

of the lip, the basal lobes of which Lindley supposed to be

free from the column, and not, as they really are, adnate to

it. This was pointed out first by Reichenbach, in his Xenia

Orchidacea, where he gives a very inaccurate representation

of the plant, omitting the sheaths on the peduncle (which

he describes as naked), and adding analyses that are little

better than caricatures. The sepals and petals are repre-

Sented as green, obtuse, with large rings of brown, and the

lip as stained in the middle and sides with violet streaks

Fesrvuarr Isr, 1898.

and spots. The figure is no doubt chiefly made up from

cut specimens of flowers with the top of the peduncle

above the uppermost sheath, procured from Consu! Schiller,

and from memory for colours.

T. sanguinolenta has. been for many years in cultivation

at Kew, and as in other orchid establishments, no doubt

owes its parentage to the original specimen sent to the

Royal Horticultural Gardens by Hartweg in 1845. It

flowers in the cool Orchid House in January. The leaves

vary much in form and size, and the lip somewhat in form.

In a specimen from Kew, preserved in the Herbarium, in

February, 1878, the leaf is linear-oblong, seven inches

long by one and a half broad, with a petiole nearly an

inch long, the peduncle is six inches long, and the terminal

third of the lip is much broader and more obscurely lobed.

—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Base of lip and column, side view; 2, front view of the same;

3, pollinium :—all enlarged.

BRITISH. FLORA; a Deseriptic

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'ROTANICAL MAGAZINE.

“CONTENTS OF No. 578, FEBRUARY, 1893.

237%: _SPEVENSONL:! A> GRANDIFOLEA,

4245:—COCCOCYPSELUM HIRSUTUM.

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*7280=—TRITONIA ROSEA.

= 7281.—TRICI IOPILIA SANGUINOLENTA.

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eee

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RHAPHIDOPHORA pscoursiva.

Native of India.

Nat. Ord. Anorpez. Tribe Caties.

Genus Raararpornora, Schott. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 992.)

Ruarnipornora decursiva ; alte scandens, foliis oblongis pinnatisectis seg-

mentis utrinque 12-16 subeequalibus lineari-oblongis eliaae acuminatis

v. cuspidatis rectis v. sursum curvis 1-2-costatis et nervis 1-2 utrinque

percursis, petiolo gracili basi vaginante, pedunculo petiolo multo breviore

et crassiore, spatha 8-pollicari cylindracea longe acuminata demum

fulva base subtruncata, spadice cylindraceo diam. pollicis, ovario pris-

matio vertice truncato, stylo conico, stigmate disciforme.

R. decursiva, Schott in Bonpland. vol. v. (1857), p. 45; Prodr. Syst. Aroid.

p. 885 ; Engl. in DO. Monog. Phanerog. vol. ii. p. 247.

R. grandis, Schott. in Cistr. Bot. Zeitschr. viii. (1858) p. 349; Prodr. Syst.

‘Aroid. p. 386.

R. eximia, Schott. in Bonpland. v. (1857) 45; Prodr. 387.

er hoe decursivus, Schott. & Endl. Meletem. vol.i. p. 21; Kunth. Enwm.

Pl. vol. iii. p.62; Wight Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 779; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol.

iii. p. 186; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeylan. p. 386 ; Ender. Ind. Aroid. p. 73.

Monstera decursiva, Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. vol. iv. (1830) p. 1028.

M. multijuga & trijuga, C. Koch, ex Ender. Ind. Aroid. 73.

Pothos decursiva, Rowb. Fl. Ind. vol. i. p. 486; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. vol. ii. p. 88,

t. 192.

The bole of a great tree in an Indian forest clothed for

many feet upwards in this gigantic climber, is one of the

most striking objects that the vegetable kingdom displays.

Its great trunk, as thick as the arm, hidden by the leaves,

sends out innumerable strong horizontal roots like whip-

cords that adhere closely to the bark of its supports, and

the glossy green leaves, from their abundance and pendulous

position, often completely hide the latter. I shall never

forget the first occasion on which I saw this noble Aroid.

I was skirting the edge of the magnificent forest that then

clothed the base of the Sikkim Himalaya (now, I believe,

replaced by tea plantations); twilight had just commenced,

and I had scarcely realized the scene, when the Cicadas

burst into full cry (it is impossible to call it song) with

Manca Ist, 1893.

startling effect, sound and scene combining to herald my

advance into, to me, a new world of interest and botanical

excitement.

R. decursiva has a very extensive range in India, com-

mencing in the Eastern Himalaya, probably in Hastern

Nepal; it follows that range into Assam, the Khasia and

other hills of Eastern Bengal, ascending to about four

thousand feet. I find no record of its existence in Burma

and the Malayan Peninsula, nor in Central India or the

Western Ghats, but it reappears in Ceylon at an elevation

of two thousand to four thousand feet, and, according to

Miquel, it is a native of Java.

The figure here given is from a plant in the Palm House

of Kew, that has attained a height of about thirty feet ;

clothing the trunk of a large Livistona, which was in all

probability obtained from the Royal Botanic Gardens of

Calcutta.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Flower; 2, stamen; 3, ovary; 4, vertical, and 5, transverse section

of ditto; 6, ovule :—ald enlarged; 7, leaf, one-fifth of the natural size.

728.3.

MS.del. I NFitch ith Vincent Brooks Day & Son-bmp.

Tap. 7280.

BULBOPHYLLUM comosum.

Native of Burma.

Nat. Ord. OncuipEx.—Tribe ErrpENDRE.

Genus Buizoruriium, Thou. ; (Benth. et Hook, f. Gen, Pl. vol. iii. p. 501.)

BurBoruytium (Racemosz) comosum ; pseudobulbis magnis globoso-ovoideis

sulcatis, foliis binis proter-anthiis pseudobulbo immaturo evolutis cito

caducis lineari-oblongis, scapo basi pseudobulbi maturi evoluto valido

erecto 2-3-vaginato, racemo deflexo cylindraceo multi-densifloro, floribus

breviter pedicellatis pallide stramineis, bracteis lanceolatis pedicello

guperantibus, sepalis subequalibus e basi ovata subulatis (dorsali an-

gustiore) hyalinis pilis cellulosis villosis, petalis parvulis lineari-oblongis

acutis l-nerviis, labello breviter stipitato lanceolato recurvo, columna

2-cornuta. —

B. comosum, Collett & Hemsl. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. v. p. 762; et in

Journ. Lind. Soc. vol. xxviii. (1890) p. 130, t. 19.

A very remarkable species of a genus which presents

species differing extremely in habit, inflorescence, and

flowers. It is one of the few in which the pseudo-

bulb bears two leaves, and this when in a very young

state. 'The leaves are more membranous than is usual in

the genus, and fall away long before the maturing of the

pseudobulb, which latter takes place before the develop-

ment of the flowering scape from its base. In this respect

it resembles the growth of B. hirtwm, Lindl., of the Hima-

laya; of B. gracile, Par. et Reichb. f.; and of the

singular B. lemniscatum, Parish (Tab. 5961). In the

genus Cirrhopetalum the same habit of leafing and flower-

ing is repeated in the Himalayan C. refractum, Zoll.,

CO. viridiflorum, Hook. f., and C. Blepharistes, Reichb. f.

In fact, these seven species might form a natural group or

subgenus of the enlarged genus Bulbophyllum if were ex-

pedient to follow Reichenbach in uniting Cirrhopetalum

with it; and all the more natural a one because in the

length of its dorsal sepal C. viridiflorum is one of the few

Marca Ist, 1893,

species of the latter genus which shows a transition to the

former. Probably there may be other species of both

genera showing the same characters, but until far better

materials of both are available it would be rash to found

sectional characters on either foliage or flowers.

B. comosum was discovered by General Sir H. Collett,

K.C.B. (when serving during the Burmese war), at

Muktela, in the Shan Hills, at an elevation of six thousand

feet, along with the beautiful Cirrhopetalum Collettii,

figured at t. 7198. General Collett sent living plants to

Kew in 1889, and others (I believe from the same source)

have been received from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Cal-

cutta, in 1890. Of the latter the one here figured flowered

in January of the present year and formed new leaves in

the following July.

The hairs of the sepals which were figured and described

in the Linnzan Journal from dried specimens as unicellular,

are multicellular, as in fig. 2 of our plate.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Flowers with the tips of the sepals recurved ; 2, hair from the same;

rt pero and column ; 4, front view of column ; 5, anther ; 6, pollinia :—

/ A SF.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son, imp.

5. del. JN Fitch Jith.

ny)

L.Reeve & C° London.

Tas. 7284.

ARUNDINA BamBusaAEFOLIA.

Native of the Himalaya.

Nat. Ord. Oncuipra.—Tribe EprpEnpDRER.

Genus Arunpina, Blume; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 521).

Arvunpina bambusaefolia; caulibus czespitosis gracilibus, foliis linearibas 8-12

poll. longis 3-1 poll. latis, racemo laxifloro, floribus roseis, sepalis oblongis

acutis, petalis late obovatis acuminatis, labelli ampli lobis saturate roseis

crispato-lobulatis lateralibus brevibus, terminali 2-fido lobis rotundatis,

disco 3-lamellato, capsula 2-24 pollicari.

A. bambusaefolia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. n. 3751; Gen. & Sp. Orchid. p. 125 ;

in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. p. 2; in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. iii. p. 22; Wight

Ic. Pl. Ind, Or, t. 1661; Griffith, Notul. vol. iii. p. 329, 331; Ic. Pl.

Asiat. t. 314; Williams, Orchid. Album, t. 1389; Veitch Man. Orchid.

pt. vi. p. 77; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. v. p. 857.

Cymbidium bambusaefolium, Roxb, Fl. Ind. vol. iii. p. 460.

Bletia graminifolia, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 29.

Limodorum graminifolium, Buch. Ham. mss. ex Don, |. ¢.

I think that this is quite the most beautiful terrestrial

orchid of Northern India, and I know of no more attractive

picture of its kind, than a patch of grass land in the

Khasia Hills, adorned with clumps of it in full flower. It

is a very variable plant, and of wide distribution in India,

extending from Nepal to the Khasia Hills and Chittagong,

and it no doubt occurs in the Burmese Hills, though not

as yet brought from thence. According to Wight, it is a

native of Ceylon and Malabar, that author adding that his

figure (t. 1661) was taken from a Ceylon specimen, but the

identical specimen is contained in his Herbarium now at

Kew, and is marked as from Assam (Grifith); and there

is no evidence of its being a Malabar plant. It is, however,

recorded as Javanese. There is indeed a closely allied

Ceylon species, A. minor, Lindl., which is more nearly

allied to the Chinese and Himalayan A. chinensis, but is a

much smaller plant, with yellow on the petals and tube of

the lip, and a much smaller capsule. A fourth species is

A. densa, Lindl. (Bot. Reg. vol. xxviii. t. 88, A. densiflora,

Marcu Isr, 1893,

by error, in Fl. Brit. Ind.), a native of the Malayan

Peninsula, with more crowded flowers of a much duller

colour. It is possible that these four species may all prove

to be forms of one. A fifth, A. revoluta (FI. Brit. Ind. vol.

v. p. 858), from Perak, in the Malayan Peninsula, appears

to be different from any of the above; it has short recurved

leaves with strongly revolute margins, white sepals and

petals with light red tips, and the lip yellow within with

purple lobes tipped with blue.

A. bambusaefolia attains an exceptional height of seven

feet amongst long grass, and its stem the thickness of the

thumb at the base; its raceme is sometimes branched. The

figure is made from a plant in the collection of F. Wigan, .

Esq., of Clare Lodge, East Sheen, which flowered in

October of last year. Mr. Watson informs me that at

Kew it flowers in November and December, and that the

flowers are very fugacious.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Side and two front views of column; 3, anther; 4 and 5, pollinia :—

all enlarged,

Vincertt Brooks,Day & Son Imp.

— MS.dd INFitch ith.

I Reeve & 09 London._

Tas. 7285.

ANTIRRHINUM cuvtinosum.

Native of Spain.

Nat. Ord. ScRopHULARINES. Tribe ANTIRRHINEA.

Genus Antirruinum, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 934),

Antirguinum (Antirrhinastrum) glutinosum; perenne, prostratum, glanduloso-

pilosum, ramis fragillimis, foliis alternis breviter petiolatis elliptico-

oblongis -ovatisve obtusis utrinque pilosis, sensim in bracteis abeuntibus,

floribus majusculis axillaribus erectis modice pedicellatis, calycis seg-

mentis oblongo-linearibus glandulis sessilibus et stipitatis obsessis,

corolle albze tubo piloso limbo equilongo, limbi labio superiore erecto

bilobo rubro striolato, inferiore paulo latiore, palato magno prominente

2-fido lobulis apice aureis, ovario strigoso, capsula viscida apice subin-

curva calycem superante.

A. glutinosum, Boiss. & Reut. Pugill. Pl. Nov. 1852, p. 82 (non Brotero).

A. molle, Boiss. Voy. Esp. 747 (partim).

A. hispanicum, Webb It. Hisp.; Benth in DC. Prod. vol. x., p. 291 ex parte

(non Chav. Monog).

The geographical distribution of the genus Antirrhinum

is one of the most remarkable of the vegetable kingdom,

and as far as I am aware it has not hitherto been brought

to notice. Of about fifty-six well-determined species

more than half are European, most of them confined to

the western half of the continent, the Spanish Peninsula

having ten, which are all but peculiar to itself. Three only

are found as far Hast as Asia Minor, Syria, and Arabia

respectively, and one, the English A. Orontium, reaches

North-Western India as a weed of cultivation.* With

the exception of two South African species, all the rest,

twenty-three in number, are restricted to Western-North

America, and almost exclusively to California. None

inhabit the Eastern United States, Canada, Mexico proper,

or South America. It might have been expected that the

. * Mr. Hemsly informs me that the common Snapdragon, A. majus, is found

in China, but doubtless as a cultivated plant.

Maxcu Isr, 1893,

very closely allied genus Linaria, separated from Antirr-

hinum by the apparently trivial character of the sac of

the base of the corolla of the latter being extended in the

former into a spur, would have followed the same distri-

bution. But it is not so. Linaria, of which there are

about two hundred species, has only one North American

representative, L. canadensis, which is common to the

Eastern and Western States, and extends southward

into Chili, In the Old World the genus attains its maxi-

mum in Southern Europe and Northern Africa, reaching

the northern tropic in the latter continent, and the

Himalaya in Asia.

Antirrhinum glutinosum is confined to the Sierra Nevada

of Spain, where it is found on the walls of the Alhambra,

and ascends to two thousand five hundred feet and upwards

in the Sierra. Its nearest ally is P. molle of the Pyrenees,

from which it differs in its long decumbent branches,

glandular hairs, and larger broader leaves. It must not

be confounded with A. glutinoswm, Brotero (Linaria fili-

folia, Lag.), also a Spanish plant, which under its original

name (of Antirrhinum) has escaped the notice of later

botanists. The specimen figured was received at the

Royal Gardens from Messrs. Backhouse, of York, in July,

1892. It is a perennial, and requires the protection of a

frame in winter.—J. D. H. 2

Fig. 1, Calyx and ovary; 2, base of corolla-tubes and stemens; 3, anther ;

4, ovary :—all enlarged.

Vincent Brooks,Day & Son imp.

M.S.del, JN Fitch lith

Reeve & C° Londun.

als

Tas. 7286.

BULBOPHYLLUM PrcuHet.

Native of Burma.

Nat. Ord. Oncu1pr#.—Tribe EPIDENDREZ.

Genus BunsBoruyiium, Thou.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 501).

Buipornyttum (Racemosae) Pechei; pseudobulbis ovoideis angulatis, foliis

lineari-oblongis lanceolatisve obtusis subtus punctulatis, scapo pseudo-

bulbo longiore valido decurvo spathis tubulosis infundibularibus supra

medium laxe vaginato, racemis elongatis sub densifloris, floribus cupreo-

rubiginosis, bracteis ovaria squantibus, sepalo dorsali oblongo-ovato

obtuso lateralibus oblique ovatis acutis dimidio breviore, petalis triangu-

laribus aristatis, labelli rubiginosi- oblongi auriculis incurvis apice

truncatis et denticulatis, column apice bicuspidatae cuspidibus margine

denticulatis.

B. Pechei, Bull Cat. 1891 (in Gard. Chron, 1891, vol. i. p. 676, reimpr-)

B. Pechei belongs to a natural but puzzling group of the

genus, natives chiefly of the Eastern Himalaya and Burma,

which I have characterized in the Flora of British India

(vol. v. p. 760) by the base of the lip having on each side

a large incurved auricle. The type of the group, if by

this term is to be understood the first published species,

is B. Careyanum, Spreng., the Anisopetalum Careyanum of

“Hooker’s Exotic Flora,” t. 149 (not B. Careyanum of

this work, t. 4166, which is B. crassipes, mihi), a native

of the tropical Himalaya, from Nepal eastwards, the

Khasia Hills, and of Burma. Of this plant I have said,

in the Flora of British India, that I found it impossible to

conclude from Herbarium specimens whether there might

_ not be more than one species included under this name, and

amongst them the var. ochracea (B. cuprewm, t. 5316 of

this work) ; as also whether B. crassipes and B. sicyobulbon,

Reichb. f., are really distinct from it. To this dilemma

B. Pechei adds another element, for though presenting

most of the characters of all the above it also presents

minute differential ones. It is nearest to B. Careyanum,

Marcu Isr, 1893,

with which it agrees in the pseudobulbs, in the narrow

leaves, long dense-flowered raceme, short bracts, forms of

sepals and petals, and approximately in the colour of the

flowers; but it differs in the unspotted sepals, in the very |

short acute cusps of the top of the column, and the toothed

auricles of the lip. Whether such small differences, of

which the only one that can be called structural is that of

the column, may well be questioned. It is in its favour

that the minute characters of B. Careyanum occurs in its

very differently coloured variety ochracea.

The other species closely allied to B. Pechei are:—B.

crassipes, which differs in its narrow longer ellipsoid

pseudobulbs, very short scape, ovoid raceme, yellow

flowers speckled with blood red, and entire labellar auri-

cles; B. cupreum, Lindl., has a slender scape, lax-flowered

raceme, bracts as long as the flowers, acuminate sepals,

ovate-lanceolate petals, and slender long columnar spurs.

B. nilgherrense, Wight (Bot. Mag., t. 5050), has much

broader elliptic leaves, a longer lax-flowered raceme and

lanceolate columnar spurs; B. sicyobulbon, Par. et

Reichb. f., has very large conical pseudobulbs, oblong.

leaves, and linear bracts as long as the flowers. The

_ Several other species of the group differ more widely from

the above. I need hardly add that it is only by accurate

figures that a comparative knowledge of these plants can

be obtained.

B. Pechei was received at Kew from the Royal Botanical

Garden of Calcutta in 1889, and flowered in January,

1892. Tam informed by Mr. Bull, in whose catalogue for

1891 the name first appears, that he received it from Mr.

George Peché, a resident in Moulmein.

Fig. 1, Flower ; 2, petal; 3, lip and column; 4, lip; 5. 3° ;

7, pollinia :—all enlarged. ne c pads sose sie arate

-WANDBOOK. of the BPR PETISH FLORA:

Flowering, S lants axat Rea ‘indigenous to, OE: mm

Isles, For the “gse of Beginners and Amateurs.

— IRS. Bin Edition, revised by Sir J. D ak

ALLUSDRATIONS of ths BRITISH FLORA

‘ampravings, with Dissections, of British Plan

Fercu, F.L:S., and W. G: Saira, F.L.8., form rming an il

to Bentham’ s ** Handbook,” and. other British Flo

_pravings, 3rd Edition, revised and enlarged, ‘efo1

OUTLINES: of ELEMENTARY. gkte

~ = Local Floras. By Groree Bentaam, FR.

= Society. New Edition, Is, ;

FLORA of HAMPSHIRE, n

-.-Focalities of the less common -sp 3

‘With Coloured Map and two Plates; 16s

(DBOOK of BRITISH MOSSES,

to be natives. of the Britis

F.LS. 24 Coloured Plates, 214°

OPSIS of BRITISH MOSSES, con

Ge es all the Genera and Specieg (with localities of

po. > SS Britain and Ireland. - By Caartes P. How

ee, Edition, entirely revised. Grown. 8vo, 7s. 6d.

TH E BRITISH MOSS-FLORA,- M

British Mosse, illustrated. by Plates-of all.

details of their structure. By R. Braray

BOTANICAL MEA GAZINE:

OES No. 579, MARCH, 1898:

as 7283. _-RHAPINDOPHORA DECURSIVA,

9283. BULBOPHYLLUM COMOSUM, ae

7384.-ARUNDINA BAMBUSAEFOLIA.

7286 —ANTIRRHINUM GLUTINOSUM,

“786. BULBOPHYLLUM PECHET.

L. Itreve & a: 6, Henrietta Street, Covent Garder._-»

enor ready, Part XViil., Os:

By as J. D. HOOKER, 3 RS.

IV. 32s, each, Vol Vv. 38s. Part XVIL, 9s,

wat ublished, with: 81 Cate, 15s. shies

VOL, XUIX+—-APRIE

ere ok No; Aa oF THE ENTIRE work.

CURTISS =

HE PLANTS OF THE RO

‘

JOSEPH DALTON

“Tate S ives

“BOTANIC SOCIETY,

; : 1893. -—

oral Exhibitions. Wednesdays, April.2 B; My .

pecial Floral. Féte.— Wednesday, June 2

ening Fete.—Wednesday, July 5, 8 to 12 p 7 my ~

Prom Dp des.. -On the ‘Wednesdays in May, June; and Jaby.

Exhibition and Fét ays excepted.

Pr and June at 4 o’cliek.

SIRY AND GARDENING. The Lesa f

lass Residence, in 40 acres of luxtrian

“Bight oF. nine miles from the City and West Fade

i's Residence i m every respect... Price £400 for 70 years’ lease, a

per annum - sroiind-rent. ee to Se git: Harman vee: i Auctionse

- FUNGI. Phycomycetes and_ ‘Ustilagine:

om Masser (Lecturer oi Botany to the: London Sesion for

nsion of pabioriiy: Senclinel, = eS: #8. bd.

7287.

Vincent Brooks,Day & Son Imp

L'Reeve C2 Landon.

TAR. 720.

CATTLEYA rnrtcotor.

Native of South America.

Nat. Ord. Oncu1pEa.—Tribe Ep1IpENDREA.

Genus Cartieya, Lindl. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 531).

‘\

Catttera iricolor; caulibus fusiformi-clavatis demum sulcatis multicostatis

monophyllis, folio pedali lineari-oblongo apice emarginato, racemo

2-3-flore, pedunculo brevi robusto spatha oblonga basi obtecto, bracteis

brevibus late triangularibus, sepalis lineari-oblanceolatis acutis laterali-

bus petalisque consimilibus subundulatis lacteis roseo obscure suffusis,

labelli tubo longiusculo limbo mediocri tubo paullo latiore, lobis laterali-

bus brevibus macula sanguinea notatis, terminali late ovato-oblongo

obtuso undulato y. subcrispato apice rotundato medio et basin versus

sanguineo striato intus aureo striato, columna incurva crassiuscula, apice

incurvo cucullato, anthera quadrata 3-loba, connectivo loculo parvo

multoties majore apice 2-lobo.

C. iricolor, Reich. f. in Gard. Chron. 1874, vol. ii. p. 162; Veitch. Man.

Orchid. part ii. (Cattleya and Laelia) p. 40.

_ A singular interest attaches to this fine plant, in that it

is, and has apparently been for many years (it was first

published in 1874), the only known specimen in existence,

and no one can tell what country it came from. Messrs.

Veitch, in their invaluable Manual, say of it: ‘The

only plant ever introduced of this very distinct Cattleya

was acquired by us many years ago, at one of the Orchid

Sales at Stevens’s rooms, where it was sold without a

specific name, and without any information of its origin.

The plant is remarkable for the length of its leaves in

proportion to the height of its stems.” ;

Unfortunately there is nothing in the character of

C. iricolor that, by showing a very close affinity with any

other species whose native country is known, would serve

_to indicate its own; and the genus has an immense range,

from the middle of Mexico in lat. 20° N., to Ecuador on

the Western side of South America, and to South Brazil

on the Hastern. And so too have some of the species,

Arrit Isr, 1893.

especially O. labiata, to a variety of which (C. Mossiz)

Reichenbach compares OC. iricolor in habit of growth, say-

ing, “it looks like a dwarf CO. Mossizx.” C. labiata is

found from New Grenada and Guiana in lat. 10° north,

to Rio de Janeiro in lat. 233° south. The variety Mossiz,

long considered a species, is, however, confined to the

Cordillera of Venezuela. A glance at the figure of it

given in Plate 3669 shows pseudobulbs very like those of

C. iricolor, but quite different flowers. In some respects

the leaf and flowers of C. iricolor resembles those of Laelia

grandis (see Plate 5558), but besides the difference of

colour and of the pseudobulbs, the four pollinia of C.

iricolor are absolutely distinctive of its genus. Mr. Rolfe

with much reason suggests the Peruvian Amazons as being

its native country, relying on its affinity with C. Rea,

Lindl., of that region.

It is singular that in the colouring of the lip there is

some discrepancy between the descriptions of Reichenbach

and Veitch, and these again with the figure here given.

Thus Reichenbach says of the lip, ‘it presents a zigzag

band of dark orange from the top of one side lobe to the

other. There are numerous violet lines both before the

orange zigzag line and behind it, and from thence to the

base of the lip. The small column is whitish, and has a

large violet spot on its front.” Veitch’s Manual says,

‘lateral lobes milk-white, with a few purple streaks, a

bright purple spot, and an orange blotch near the anterior

edge of each; middle lobe white, with a transverse orange-

pam band at the base, on each side of which is a purple

otch.

I am indebted to the Baron Sir John H. W. von Schroeder

for the opportunity of figuring for the first time Cattleya

iricolor, that celebrated orchidophilist being the possessor

of, in so far as is known, the only existing specimen of it

in the Old World ; the drawing was made in May, 1892, —

ae ae exhaling at the time a very strong sweet odour.

Fig. 1, Front, and 2, side views of column; 3 and 4, side and front view of

anther; 5, ventral view of th how:

four pollinia :—all enlarged. e same showing the cells and the stalks of the

“Vincent Brooks, Day&San imp."

Reeve & COoLandan

TAR, 2 aOGs

CAREX BAOCCANS.*

Native of South-East Asia.

Nat. Ord. Cyrperacea. Tribe Caricez.

Genus Carex, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 1078),

Carex baccans; robusta, foliis bracteisque longis, paniculé magna laxa

oblong& vel lineari-oblongé, spicis numerosis longius cylindraceis basi

foomineis apice masculis, glumis foomineis ovatis acutis seepissime cuspi-

datis per totam fere latitudinem longitudinaliter striatis, utriculis

ovoideis trigonis gibbosis proventu baccantibus rubris, rostro parvulo

brevissimo bifido. .

©. baccans, Nees in Wight Contrib. [1834] p. 122; Kunth. Enum. vol. ii.

p. 513; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. p. 855; Boott Carex vol. ii. p. 83,

tt. 234, 235, 236, 238, 239; Bock. in Linnea, vol. xl. [1876] p. 389; C. B.

Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soe. vol. xxv. [1889] p. 82.

C. a Kunze Suppl. Riedgr. p. 79, t. 20; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. iii.

p- °

C. recurvirostris, Steud. in Zoll. Verz. Ind. Archip. Heft ii. p. 60, et Syn. PT:

Glum. vol. ii. p. 207. »

C. dolicophylla, Link. ms, (fide Boeckeler).

‘

This plant extends from North East India to Ceylon,

Malaya, Tonkin, China, and the Philippines. It is plenti-

ful at an altitude of two thousand five hundred to seven

thousand feet, in Sikkim, and the whole Khasi range.

Here, as in the Kew plant-houses, when fully ripe it 1s a

prominent and unmistakable plant. Till the utricles are

more than half-ripe it is exceedingly difficult to distinguish

it from some Himalayan forms of C. Myoswrus, Nees

(C. floribunda, Back), and it may be doubted if even

Boott has sorted all the imperfectly-ripe herbarium

material aright. Probably the best character for this

purpose is the broad not striated edge of the female glume

* T am indebted to my friend, Mr. CO. B. Clarke, who is engaged upon a

FoR Ne of the whole Order Cyperacex, for the above account of

cans,

Aprit Ist, 1893.

in C, Myosurus (and its subspecies). There is a plant

figured by Boott (Carex, t. 237) and marked by him in

his herbarium “ (. baccans, an Var. an Sp. nova?” first

collected by Sir J. Hooker in the Khasi Hills. In this

the ripe utricles get sometimes remarkably red though

not at all succulent ; but the female glumes are 3—5-nerved

close to their keel only, and this var. is perhaps more

nearly allied to C. Myoswrus, Nees, than to OC. baccans.—

C. B. Clarke.

Fig. 1, Fem. glume; 2, utricle; 3, the same laid open showing the fruit :—

all enlarged,

Tas. 7289.

SATYRIUM corironi0m.

Var. maculatum.

Native of the Oape of Good Hope.

Nat. Ord. Orcu1pEzZ.—Tribe OPHRYDEA.

Genus Satyrium, Ser.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 629.)

SatyRium coriifolium ; robustum, glaberrimum, foliis rigide coriaceis inferiori-

bus oblongo-lanceolatis patulis, superioribus vaginantibus erectis acutis,

spica cylindracea multiflora, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis herbaceis reflexis

flores xquantibus v. superantibus, sepalis lateralibus lineari-oblongis

subacutis -deflexis, dorsali lineari breviore, petalis linearibus obtusis

sepalis paullo brevioribus, labello hemispherico inflato v. subgloboso dorso

carinato margine apice obtuso recurvo, calcaribus ovarium equantibus.

8. coriifolium, Swartz in Kéngl. Vetensk. and Handb. vol. xxi. (1800) p. 216 ;

Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. iv. p- 54; Bot. Reg. t. 703; Bot. Mag. t. 2172; Bolus

Orchids of Cape Penins. p. 124.

S.erectum, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 340 (non Swartz).

S. cucullatum, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 104 (non Swartz).

S. aureum, Pazt. Mag. Bot. vol. xv. p. 31.

Diplectrum coriifolium, Pers, Synops. vol. ii. p. 509; Poiret, Dict. Bot.

Suppl. vol. ii. p. 489.

Orchis bicurvis, Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, p. 1330.

O. lutea caule purpureo maculato, Bub. Cent. vol. iii. p. 7, t. 10.

Var. maculatum; caule viridi, floribus aurantiacis punctis saturatioribus

ornatis. Tab. nostr. 7289.

Mr. Bolus, in his valuable work cited above, describes

the normal form of 8. coriifolium as one of the commonest

Species in the Cape Peninsula, on the flats from Ronde-

bosch southward, ascending the mountain sides up to

six hundred or seven hundred feet, and extending east-

wards to the Knysna river; adding that the insatiable

flower-gatherers of Cape Town carry off from the Cape

Flats in spring large bunches of the flowers. He describes

the flowers as of a clear bright orange, more or less vary-

ing to or tinged with a flame-coloured red. This answers

well to the colour of the figures in the Botanical Register

APRIL Ist, 1893,

and Magazine ; but adds that he has seen plants from the

Diep river which appeared to be hybrids between 8S. corii-

folium and S. carnewm, and which had salmon-coloured

flowers only slightly modified in structure. Mr. Bolus

makes no allusion to the duller coloured and spotted

flowers of var. maculatum, which may possibly prove to

be a hybrid. 7

The lower leaves, which are described by Bolus as

oblong-lanceolate and quite glabrous, and which are so in

our plant, are figured as broadly elliptic at Plate 2272,

and glabrous, but as ciliolate in the Botanical Register.

The specimens figured were communicated by H. J.

Elwes, Hsq., F.L.S., from his garden at Colesborne,

Gloucestershire, in August, 1892. It has also flowered at

Kew.—ZJ. D. H.

Fig. 1, Ovary, dorsal sepal, petals spurs and column; 2, side view of

column; 3, front view of same; 4, pollinium :—all enlarged.

Tas. 7290.

ALLIUM xkansunense.

Native of Tibet and Western China.

Nat. Ord. Litiaczeam. Tribe ALLIEz.

Genus Attium, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 802.)

Autium (Rhiziridium) kansunense; bulbis angustis elongatis dense cespi-

tosis, e basibus rhizoma gracile gerentibus, tunicis fibrosis, follis

anguste linearibus' facie canaliculatis, scapo gracili tereti elongato, um-

bellis capitatis multifloris, spathi parva ovata monophylla decidua,

pedicellis brevibus, perianthio campanulato cosruleo, segmentis oblongis

obtusis diu imbricatis, staminibus perianthio brevioribus, filamentis

abe exterioribus basi dilatatis obscure tricuspidatis, stylo ovario

reviori.

A. kansunense, Regel Descr. Plant. Nov. Hort. Petrop. 1889, p. 6.

A. cyaneum var. brachystemon, Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. vol. x. p. 346.

A large number of new species of Alliwm have been

discovered during the last twenty years through the ex-

plorations of the Russian botanists in Central Asia. The

late Dr. Regel published, in 1875, an excellent monograph

of the whole genus, and in 1887 he re-worked the

whole of the Northern and Central Asian species, of

_ which about two hundred are now known. The present

plant is quite hardy and is remarkable for its dense heads

of bright blue flowers. In this respect it resembles A.

ceruleum, Pallas (figured Bot. Reg., vol. xxvi., tab. 51).

Its filaments are obscurely tricuspidate at the base, so that

botanically it falls into the small group of species that

form a connecting link between the two large sections

Rhiziridium and Porrum. The wild specimens in the Kew

‘Herbarium were collected by Przewalski in Northern

‘Tibet and the West Chinese province of Kansu in the

_ Tangut district. Our drawing was made from a plant

_ that flowered at Kew last summer, the bulbs of which were

Sent to the Royal Gardens by Dr. Regel. It was one of

_ the last plants which he described.

Arrit Isr, 1893.

Descr. Bulbs long, narrow, densely crowded, seated on —

a thread-like remotely bulbilliferous rootstock; outer

tunics composed of a dense mass of fibres. Leaves three

to five to a stem, all arising close together from near the

ground, narrow linear, much shorter than the scape, deeply

channelled down the face. Scape slender, wiry, terete,

about a foot long. Flowers many, crowded into a dense

globose head; spathe small, ovate, membranous, falling

when the flowers expand; pedicels shorter than the

flowers. Perianth permanently campanulate, bright blue,

one-sixth of an inch long; segments oblong, obtuse.

Stamens shorter than the perianth; filaments, especially

the outer three, dilated with an obscurely tricuspidate

appendage at the base; anthers small, oblong. Ovary

globose, glabrous; style shorter than the ovary.—J. G.

Baker.

Fig. 1, A flower; 2, vertical section of a flower, shading stamens ; 3, pistil:

—all enlarged.

7251.

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Ay sane ee WE APR,

oshbomennmnnemnnranms

lst

SRRPOOR A ee wee, :

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aaapeicerriereanes

saci

Vincent BrocksDay&Sonbmp —

LReeve & C2 London.

MS.del, INFitch ith

Tas. 7291.

EXARRHENA MAORANTHA. ©

Native of New Zealand.

Nat. Ord. BoraciInrE#.—Tribe BoracEz.

Genus Exarruena, Br. Prodr. Fi. Austral. 4957.

ExaRRHENA macrantha; erecta, robusta, hispido-pilosa, caule folioso basi

ascendente, foliis radicalibus 2-4-pollicaribus oblongo-lanceolatis in

petiolum latum angustatis, caulinis sensim minoribus lineari-oblongis

obtusis, cyma sepissime bifurcata, ramis patenti-recurvis multifloris,

floribus sessilibus v. breviter pedicellatis, calycis lineari-oblongi appresse

pilosi (pilis rectis) lobis linearibus obtusis, corolla sordide aurantiaca,

tubo inferne angusto calyce duplo longiore superne infundibulari, lobis

late oblongis obtusis, filamentis filiformibus lobis corolle triente breviori-

bus, stylo longe exserto piloso.

E. macrantha, Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal’d Flora, p. 295.

The genus Hxarrhena was established by Brown in 1810,

upon a Tasmanian plant, FH. suaveolens, of which he

describes as ‘a herb with the facies of Myosotis, to which it

is certainly closely allied, and differs chiefly in the exserted

stamens and style.” Several species having subsequently

been discovered in New Zealand, presenting no further

differences from Myosotis than H. suaveolens did, except in

that the filaments were very short in some of them, I, in

the Flora of New Zealand, reduced the genus to Myosotis,

in which I was followed by Bentham in the “ Flora Aus-

traliensis” (vol. iv., p. 407). Before the publication of

the latter work, I had, in the ‘‘ Handbook of the New

Zealand Flora,” further additions having been made to

Exarrhena, re-established it, pointing out the additional

character of its large and more campanulate corolla,

which however had not satisfied Bentham ; and accordingly

in the “Genera Plantarum” Hzarrhena is again merged

in Myosotis. :

The opportunity of having a living species to examine

has led me to reinvestigate the matter, and to compare

ApRit Isr, 1893.

carefully all the spécies of Exarrhena (of which there are

five) with all the New Zealand ones of Myosotis, and the

result is a character which has been overlooked by Brown

and all subsequent authors—that whereas the filaments

in Myosotis are inserted in the throat of the corolla, some

way down below the glands at the mouth of the tube

between which the anthers lie (or point), in Hxarrhena

the stamens are inserted at the mouth itself, between the

glands, and are therefore wholly exserted. There is great

variation in the insertion of the stamens of the New Zea-

land species of Myosotis and in the length of their

filaments, much greater than in the European species of

the genus, and the anthers are sometimes partially ex-

serted, as in M. capitata, but the insertion of the filaments

is in all far within the tube. In like manner in Exarrhena,

the filaments vary greatly in length, but are never inserted

between the faucial glands. 3

Seeds of M. macrantha were received at Kew, in 1891,

from J. D. Enys, Esq., with the information that they had

been collected in the Chatham Islands to the eastward of

New Zealand. Plants raised from them flowered in a cold

frame in September, 1892. Mr. Watson informs me that

they require shade from bright sunlight, otherwise the

leaves scorch. In New Zealand the species appear to be

common throughout the hills of the southern island, having

been collected at an elevation of three thousand to four

thousand five hundred feet in various localities from the

Nelson province in the north to Otago in the south. It

is very sweet scented.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx and styles; 2, corolla laid open; 3 and 4, stamens; 5, carpels

and base of style :—al/ enlarged.

‘

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Tas. 7292.

GLADIOLUS oppositiFLoxus.

Native of Kaffraria.

Nat. Ord. In1pEa.—Tribe GLAaDIOLE#.

Genus GuapioLus, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 709,

GLaDI0LUs oppositiflorus ; cormo magno globoso tunicis exterioribus brunneis

fibrosis, caule stricto robusto erecto 3-4-pedali, foliis ensiformibus glabris

caulem vaginantibus venis marginibusque crassis stramineis, floribus

perpluribus in spicam sesquipedalem dispositis, spathz valvis lanceolatis

inequalibus viridibus, perianthii tubo anguste infundibulari bracteis

equilongis, lobis ovatis patulis tubo brevioribus albis purpureo carinatis,

tribus inferioribus paulo minoribus, genitalibus perianthio brevioribus.

G. oppositiflorus, Herb. in Bot. Reg. 1842, Mise. p. 86, No. 98; Baker in

Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 176; Handl. Irid. p. 218.

I suppose this fine Gladiolus to be identical with the

oppositiflorus of Herbert, about which so much has been

written in connection with the garden forms of the genus.

Herbert’s plant was never figured, and his description 1s a

short one, but there is a specimen in the Kew ‘Herbarium,

which was given by Herbert to Sir William Hooker from

his garden at Spofforth, near Knaresborough, which leaves

little room for doubt that the plant now figured is the

same species. Herbert says of oppositiflorus, writing m

1842 in the “ Botanical Register” :—

“ A native of Madagascar, where it was found by Forbes,

a young man employed some years since as collector by

the Horticultural Society. It is also, perhaps, a native of

Port Natal. The seeds are very like those of G. natalensis

in form and colour, and it may be easily mixed with that

species. The G. gandarensis of gardens is a cross between

G. oppositiflorus and natalensis ; so also is the G. ramosus

of the gardens between G. oppositiflorus and cardinalis or

cardinali-blandus. ee

Van Houtte, who first raised gandarensis, stated that it

was a hybrid between G@. cardinalis and psittacinus, which

is the same as natalensis. There can be little doubt that

May Isr, 1893,

the idea of the Madagascar origin of the plant is a mistake.

Forbes only touched at the south of the island, and the

only Gladiolus which has been found by recent collectors

lives high up amongst the hills of the centre. Writing in

1836 (Amaryllidex, page 366) Herbert spoke of oppositi-

jlorus as a beautiful species, imported, as he understood,

from the neighbourhood of the Natal river, and this earlier

idea is no doubt correct. He speaks of it again in his

_ Classical paper on hybrids, in the second volume of the

“Journal of the Horticultural Society,” in 1847 (pages

88 and 89).

A dried specimen of the plant here figured was sent to

Kew from Transkeian Kaffraria by Professor Macowan in

1878, and several years later that excellent botanist

forwarded bulbs, from one of which the plant here raised

in the Royal Gardens, Kew, has been drawn.

Descr. Corm large, globose; tunics of mottled-brown

fibres. Whole plant about five feet high. Stem bearing

alternately at some space from one another about six

erecto-patent ensiform glabrous green leaves of firm tex-

ture, of which the largest reaches a length of more than

two feet and a breadth of more than an inch. Spike dense,

a foot or a foot and a half long; spathe valves lanceolate,

green, those of the lower flowers an inch and a half or two

inches long. Perianth-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, two

inches long; lobes ovate, much shorter than the tube,

white with a keel of mauve-purple, the three lower smaller

_than the three upper. Stamens much shorter than the

perianth; anthers large, linear. Style overtopping the

anthers, with three long spreading branches.—J. G. Baker.

arcane

Fig. 1, Anther, front view; 2, anther, back view ; 3 £ style sal its

branches, all enlarged ; 4, whole plant, much reduced.

Tas. 7293.

KNIPHOFIA wmopzsta,

Native of Natal and Griqua-land.

Nat. Ord. Lintacem. Tribe HemErocaLter.

Genus Kniruoria, Moench. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 775).

Knirnorta modesta; fibris radicalibus gracilibus firmis cylindricis, foliis

panucis linearibus erectis 2-3-pedalibus pallide viridibus facie profunde

canaliculatis marginibus levibus leviter revolutis, pedunculo gracili

foliis breviori, racemo elongato cylindrico subdenso multifloro, floribus

superioribus ascendentibus inferioribus deflexis, pedicellis brevissimis,

bracteis scariosis superioribus ovatis inferioribus lanceolatis, perianthio

infundibulari parvo albo supra ovarium constricto, lobis orbicularibus,

genitalibus demum conspicue exsertis. :

x, moe Baker in Journ. Bot. 1889, p. 43; Gard. Chron. 1889, vol. ii.

p- 588.

This very distinct new species of Kniphofia was first

discovered in 1884 by Mr. William Tyson on the mountains

of Griqua-land East, at an elevation of six thousand feet

above sea-level. Soon afterwards it was found in Natal

by Mr. J. Medley Wood, A.L.S., Curator of the Botanic

Garden at Durban, and sent alive to the Royal Gardens,

Kew. It has flowered there in the autumn in a cool con-

Servatory and also in a sheltered border out of doors.

With its narrow leaves and small white flowers nothing

well can look more different in general aspect from K.

aloides and the older cultivated kinds. Its nearest ally is

K, pallidiflora, Baker, a native of the mountains of Mada-

gascar, which has not yet appeared in the Boranivat

Macazine. It may prove to be the same species as K.

pauciflora, Kunth, a plant gathered by Drége in Northern

Kaffraria, of which I have not been able to see authenti-

cated specimens, but there are several small points in the

description which do not agree. Our drawing was made

from a plant that flowered at Kew in October, 1892.

Descr. Root fibres slender, firm, cylindrical. Leaves

few in a cluster, linear, pale green, two or three feet long

May Isr, 1893,

in the cultivated plant, a quarter of an inch broad low

down, tapering gradually to the apex, reflexed in the

flowering stage in the upper half, deeply channelled down

the face, smooth on the rather reflexed edges. Peduncle

slender, erect, about two feet long, bearing several scariose

lanceolate bract leaves. Raceme cylindrical, moderately

dense, six to twelve inches long; upper flowers ascending,

lower deflexed ; pedicels very short ; bracts scariose, upper

ovate, lower lanceolate. Perianth white, funnel-shaped, a

third of an inch long, constricted above the ovary; lobes

orbicular. Stamens and style finally much exserted beyond

the tip of the perianth-lobes.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, Portion of leaf; 2, a flower; 3, front view of anther; 4, back view

of anther; 5, pistil :—al/ enlarged :

7294

LReeve & C2 Londan.

Tas. 7294,

ALLIUM casuticum. °

Native of Kabul.

Nat. Ord. Littacem, Tribe ALLIEA.

Genus Attium, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 802.)

AutiuM (Molium) cabulieum ; bulbo globoso tunicis exterioribus membrana-

ceis, folio solitario lorato-oblongo glabro ad basin sensim angustato, scapo

brevi tereti glabro, umbellis multifloris, spath’4 monophylla ovata parva

decidua, pedicellis strictis elongatis, perianthii segmentis lanceolatis

demum reflexis albidis carina dorsali rubro-brunnea, staminibus periapthio

wquilongis, filamentis squalibus filiformibus basi ovatis, antheris lineari-

oblongis parvis, ovario globoso pubescente, stylo ovario sequilongo.

The present Allinm belongs to the large section Molinm,

which is marked by its ex-appendiculate outer filaments

and symmetrical ovoid or globose bulbs. The best known

species that represent this section are our wild British

A. ursinum and the common South European 4. rosewm,

neapolitanum and subhirsutum. The present plant is nearly

allied to A. decipiens, Fisch. (A. tulipefolium, Ledeb.), and

when we first got the bulbs and they produced their

primordial leaves the plant might easily have been mistaken

for a Tulip, if it had not been for its garlic scent. The

bulbs of the plant here drawn and described were received

at Kew from Dr. Aitchison, F.R.S., in March, 1885. © Dr.

Aitchison informs us that it is cultivated at Kabul for the

sake of its edible bulb, and that there is a field near the

city which has been devoted to the cultivation of this and

other onions for the last hundred years. We have also in

the Kew Herbarium a dried specimen gathered at Kabul

by General Sir Henry Collett, F.L.S. I cannot match it

with any of the species described by Regel and Boissier.

Our drawing was made from a plant that flowered in the

Royal Gardens, Kew, in May, 1892.

Descr. Bulb solitary, globose, an inch in diameter ; outer

tunics pale, membranous. Leaf single, lorate-oblong,

May Isr, 1893.

glabrous, springing from the scape at the surface of the

ground, six or eight inches long, two inches broad at the

middle, narrdwed gradually to the clasping base. Scape

terete, stiffly erect, three or four inches long. Umbel

dense, globose, many-flowered, about two inches in

diameter; spathe monophyllous, ovate, small, deciduous ;

pedicels much longer than the flowers. Perianth one-sixth

of an inch long ; segments lanceolate, acute, whitish, with

a keel of red-brown, finally reflexed. Stamens as long as

the perianth ; filaments all six alike, filiform from an ovate

base; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary globose, pubescent ;

Style as long as the ovary.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, A closed flower; 2, segment of perianth ; 3, stamens and pistil ;

4, pistil ; 5, a flower with the segments reflexed :— all enlarged.

1292,

MS. del, IN Fitch lith

Tas. 7295.

SATYRIUM SPHAROCARPUM.

Native of South Africa

Nat. Ord. Oncu1pE#.—Tribe OpurRyYDEX.

Genus Satyrium, Sw.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 629).

Satyrium spherocarpum; foliis ovato-oblongis acutis sensim in vaginis

caulis (inferioribus foliaceis) mutatis, spica multiflora, bracteis herbaceis

ovato-oblongis acutis flores zquantibus v. superantibus patulis demum

deflexis, sepalis labello longe adnatis lateralibus lineari-oblongis intermedio

lineari, petalis linearibus, labello galeato apice obtuso recurvo dorso

medio alte carinato, calcaribus gracilibus ovario paullo longioribus,

columna gracili, stigmate integro.

S. sphzerocephalum, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 337.

The handsome terrestrial Orchids of South Africa have

of late attracted the attention of horticulturists, and

singularly enough they seem to be more amenable to

cultivation than their terrestrial European allies. They

are very numerous in species, especially the Disas and

Satyriums, abounding in curious forms, and often present-

ing brilliant flowers. Of Satyriwm, Mr. Bolus says, in his

valuable “ Orchids of the Cape Peninsula,” about fifty-

Seven species are admitted, almost exclusively African,

twenty being southern, ten tropical, and six insular, from

the Mascarene Islands. Only one is Asiatic, the 8S.

nepalense, figured at Tab. 6625 of this work, and which is

one of the commonest hill plants of India, from the

Himalaya to Ceylon.

S. spherocarpum has a very wide range in South Africa,

from the tropical climate of Delagoa Bay, in 26 58.

(where it was discovered by Forbes, a collector for the

Royal Horticultural Society, in 1823), to the temperate one

of Grahamstown in 33° S. It is abundantly represented in

the Kew Herbarium from the intermediate regions and

especially from Natal. Its nearest ally is S. militare, —

May Ist, 1893,

Lindl., also a South African plant, which differs in the

more robust habit, smaller flower and shorter spurs; there

is, however, a variety of sphxrocarpwm with small and pure

white flowers (see fig. 4 of the accompanying plate) which

was received at Kew from Natal along with the larger

form, and flowered at the same time. This latter, indeed,

is the typical spherocarpum, according, as it does, in the

size of the flower with the original plant described from

Delagoa Bay; but whereas the large flowered form has by

far the greatest range, it should be regarded as the natural

type, and the smaller flowered as a variety. The varietal

names of micrantha and macrantha would meet the diffi-

culty of nomenclature.

Tubers of S. sphxerocarpum were sent to Kew in March,

1892, by Mr. Medley Wood, A.L.S., Curator of the Botanic

Gardens, Durban, Natal, and flowered in the Temperate

House in October of the same year. The name sphero-

carpum 18 not a very appropriate one, the fruit being

shortly oblong as in many other species.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Flower; 2, column; 3, pollinium, all enlarged; 4, flower of variety

of the natural size.

Tas. 7296.

VERONICA Cotesnso).

Native of New Zealand.

Nat. Ord. ScropHuLtartnr%.—Tribe D1GITaLE%.

Genus Veronica, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p- 964.)

Veronica (Hebe) Colensoi; fructiculus ramosissimus glaberrimus, foliis

approximatis decussatim oppositis subsessilibus patentibus lineari

oblongis obtusiusculis integerrimis v. rarissime pauci-serratis coriaceis

ecarinatis viridibus, racemis ad apices ramulorum subfastigiatis breviter

pedunculatis foliis sabduplo longioribus rachi puberula, floribus subsessili-

bus, sepalis ovato-oblongis, corolla alba v. pallide lilacina tubo brevi.

capsula ovoidea calyce duplo longiore.

V. Colensoi, Hook. f. Handb. N. Zeald. Flora, p. 209; Armstrong in Trans.

N. Zeald. Institute, vol. xiii. (1880) p. 351.

Under V. Lavaudiana (Plate 7210) I have given a brief

account of the genus Veronica, as represented in New

Zealand, together with some very interesting remarks on

it by Mr. Armstrong, published in the Transactions of

the New Zealand Institute, where no fewer than sixty

Species are enumerated as natives of the Archipelago.

The majority of these belong to the section “ Hebe,”

which, with the exception of a species common to Antarctic

America and New Zealand, are all natives of Australasia,

and especially of New Zealand itself. The species are,

many of them, very variable in foliage, and hence difficult

of discrimination in a dried state, especially those with

small coriaceous leaves, as V. pinguifolia (tab. 6147),

V. carnosula (tab. 6581), V. parviflora (tab. 5965), and

V. Traversii (tab. 6390), all of which have closely allied

congeners. Of these V. Traversii is the nearest in affinity

to V. Colensoi, but is well distinguished by its more acute

closer set keeled dark green leaves, and also by the

longer pedicelled flowers, as shown in fig. 5 of the accom-

panying plate, though this is far from a consistent character,

May Isr, 1893.

as an inspection of tab. 6390 shows. Indeed, I am not at

all sure that two species do not lurk under the name of

Traversii, that figured as above, and a larger flowered,

longer pedicelled one (the fig. 5 of this plate).

V. Colensoi was discovered by the distinguished botanical

explorer of the New Zealand Flora whose name it bears

in the Ruabine Hills of the Northern Island nearly half a

century ago, and it has since been collected in the Alps of

the Middle Island, from Nelson southwards, at elevations

of three thousand to five thousand feet. The specimen

here figured flowered in my own garden near Sunningdale,

in July of last year. It was sent to me by Mr. Lynch,

from the Cambridge Botanic Gardens. My friend Pro-

fessor Balfour, informs me that a rich collection of New .

Zealand Veronicas, amounting to upwards of forty

species, is cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens of

Edinburgh, and has kindly promised to forward to me

specimens of these as they flower for figuring in this

Magazine. Being evergreen shrubs of remarkably close

habit, they are well adapted for the rock-garden, which

they ornament in winter especially.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Top of raceme with bracts and flowers; 2 and 3, stamens; 4, pistil ;

5, portion of rachis and flowers of V. Traversii :—all enlarged.

Nore on ExaruENa macrantha, figured on t. 7291.—Mr. Engs informs me

that this plant does not grow in the Chatham Islands; and that the

erroneous habitat given for it must have been owing to a mistake in labelling

the seeds. In the last line of the first paragraph of the second page of the

description of that plant, for “ between,” read ‘* beneath.”

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7297.

arr

Vincent Brooks,D ay &Son Imp.

del, JNFrtch hth,

L-Reeve &C2 London,

Tab. 72972:

ANTHURIUM CHAMBERLAINT.

Native of Venezuela ?

Nat. Ord. Aromsesx. Tribe Onontie2.

Genus Antuurium, Schott; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 998.)

AntuurRiuM, Chamberlaini; caudice brevi radicali, foliis 8-pedalibus 2 peda-

libus ovato-cordatis acuminatis glaberrimis coriaceis, lobis rotundatis,

sinu late rotundato, costa media valida, nervis utrinque 16-18, costis

sinubus marginalibus nervosad 5~10 emittentibus, petiolo 3-4-pedali basi

tantum vaginante, geniculo apice incrassato, pedunculo brevi tereti,

spatha 8-pollicari oblongo-lanceolata scaphiformi pallide coccinea apice

cucullato in rostrum erectum curvum marginibus incurvis angustata,

marginibns infra medium recurvis, spadice 5 poll. longo breviter stipitato

decurvo cylindraceo obtuso rubro-purpureo, sepalis prismaticis apicibus

truncatis, antheris parvis oblongis, ovario cylindraceo, stylo brevi crasso

in stigma hemisphericum desinente.

A. Chamberlaini, Mast. in Gard. Chron. (1888) vol. i. p. 462, fig. 66,67. Idustr

Hortic. vol. xxxv. (1888), t. 62.

Anthurium Chamberlaini is justly described by its author

as ‘‘one of the noblest species of a genus already rich in

superb species, and is handsome alike in foliage and in

flower,” adding “that it is appropriate to dedicate it to

the eminent statesman (the Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain,

M.P.) of whose establishment it forms so conspicuous an

ornament.” In this appropriation I heartily concur.

It is no easy matter to find the nearest affinity of an

Anthurium, a genus which numbers about one hundred and

Seventy described species, many of them known only in

imperfect condition, and others far from accurately defined.

Dr. Masters places it, I think rightly, in Engler’s fourteenth

section (Cardiophyllum) of the genus (DC. Monog. Phanerog.

vol. ii. (Araceg) p. 159), which includes fourteen of Schott’s

Sections (Prodromus Aroidearum), and is characterized by

the short prostrate or ascending stem, covered with per-

sistent sheathing scales, elongated petioles, cordate leaves,

retrorse primary basal nerves (cost), and more or less

oblong Ovary narrowed into a short stout style, with a

June Isr, 1893,

sessile stigma. It differs from the sectional character in

the spathe being neither white nor green; but so do some

of the species placed in it by Engler himself, notably a

subsection iii., which he describes as having green or red

spathes, and to two species of which Dr. Masters thinks

A, Chamberlaini is allied, namely A. formosum, Schott, and

A. bogotense, Schott. Both these however should have, in —

accordance with the character of subsection ui., the spadix

much longer than the spathe; but here again is an in-

consistency, for of A. formosum the spathe is described as

two diameters long, and the spadix as only one and a half.

Another character of sect. Cardiophyllum is to have the

fruiting sepals very acute, which is hardly consistent with

the truncate flowering sepals of A. Chamberlaini. In short

I am obliged to confess that I cannot make this plant fit

mto any of Engler’s sections, and can give no better guess

at its affinities than did Dr. Masters, to which I may add

that it differs from formosum (which has a rosy spathe),

in the stipitate spadix, and from bogotense in the spathe

being longer than the spadix.

The native country of A. Chamberlaini is not known,

but presumed to be Venezuela, as it was imported with

Catileya Gaskelliana, which comes from that country. The

Specimen here figured was presented by Mr. Chamberlain

to the Royal Gardens in 1892, and flowered in February,

1893.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1. Reduced sketch of the whole plant; 2, leaf reduced to one-third of

the natural size; 3, two views of the spathe and spadix of the natural size;

4, two flowers; 5, flower with the stamens exserted; 6 and 7, stamens;

8, pistil; 9, vertical section of the same :—figs, 4-9, all enlarged.

7298

Vincent Brooks,Day &SanJmp

TLReeve & C°Tondan

MS.del. LN Ftchiith.

Tas. 7298.

SYMP HYANDRA Hormannt.

Native of Bosnia.

Nat. Ord. CampanuLaces. Tribe CaMPaNULE.

Genus Sympuyanpra, A.DC.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 503).

Sympnyanpra, Hofmanni; tota plus minusve pilosa, caule ebasi ramoso

folioso, ramis decumbentibus, foliis oblanceolatis acutis duplicato-den-

tatis, inferioribus in petiolum elongatum angustatis supra glaberrimis,

caulinis basi angustata sessilibus, floribus magnis terminalibus et in

pedunculis foliosis axillaribus cernuis, calycis foliacei_segmentis amplis

oblongo-lanceolatis acutis basi profunde cordatis, corolla calyce vix duplo

longiore campanulata straminea demum alba, lobis brevibus rotundatis,

fauce laxe pilosa, filamentis basi quadratis ciliatis.

S. Hofmanni, Pantocsek, in Magyar. Novent-Lapok. vol. v. (1881), p. 150; e¢ in

CEsterreich. Bot. Zeitsch. vol. xxxii. (1882), p. 149; Hofm. Beitrag zur

Kennt. Fl. Bosn. ex Hofmann in Wien. Iilustrirt. Gart.-Zeit. vol. ix. (1884)

352, cum. Ic.; Mast. in Gard. Chron. (1888), vol. ii. p. 760, fig. 107 (Hof-

mannt).

The genus Symphyandra consists of seven species of

plants closely allied to and with altogether the habit of

Campanula, but distinguished from that vast genus by

the connation of the anthers, thus tending to annul the

distinction between the tribes Campanulee and Lobeliew.

It is Oriental in its distribution, extending from Bosnia

and Crete to Armenia; the one supposed exception being

the Himalayan 8. stylosa, of Royle, which is, however, a

species of Phytewma (P. Thomsoni, Clarke). Of these

seven species, only one has hitherto been figured in any

British Tlustrated Botanical work, the S. pendula, A.DC.

of the Caucasus, in Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Garden, Sev. ii. t.

66, which differs from Hofmanni in the prostrate habit.

Pantocsek seems to regard S. Hofmanni as nearest to the

Transylvanian S. Wanneri (Campanula Wanner, Roch.),

which is a much smaller plant, with an ascending stem,

- narrower leaves, toothed calyx-segments, and a blue

corolla.

June Ist, 1893.

C. Hofmanni is a native of the margins of woods and

rocky places near Banjaluka and Jaica in Bosnia, where it

was discovered by the botanist whose name it bears in

about 1880. Itis,as grown in the Royal Gardens, where it —

flowered in July, 1888, a very striking plant, its decum-

bent flowering branches attaining a foot in length, but is

doubtfully hardy.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Stamens and style; 2, top of style and stigma :—both enlarged.

Vincent Brooks, Day &Son imp.

M-S.del, IN Fitch ith.

Tas. 7299, 7300.

TACCA PINNATIFIDA.

Native of Polynesia.

Nat. Ord. Taccacez. _

Genus Tacca, Forst.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii, p. 741),

Tacca pinnatifida; foliis trisectis, segmentis pinnatifidis v. pinnatisectis,

lobis undulatis superioribus amplis inequaliter lobatis v. laciniatis lobulis

acutis v. acuminatis, inferioribus infimisque sepe interruptis, majoribus

ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis minoribus parvis difformibus obtusis basi

late decurventibus, involucri foliolis erectis sessilibus amplis cucullatis

late ovatis hemisphericisve viridibus apicibus integris incisis pinnati-

fidisve, perianthii lobis incurvis.

T. pinnatifida, J. & @. Forst. Char. Gen. p. 69, No.35. G. Forst. Prodr. Fl.

Ins. Austral, p. 86; Plant. Esculent. p. 59, No. 28, et Ic. ined. in Mus.

Brit. t. 151. Ie. Parkinson ined. 1.c. t. 40. Linn, Syst. Veg. = 455.

Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. ii. p. 200. Guillem. Zeph, Tait, p. 133. Seem. Fl. Vit,

. 102. AH. Mann in Proc. Am. Acad. Aris & Sc. vol. viii. (1866-8) p. 205.

illebr. Fl. Hawaii Islds. p. 437. Castello Fl. Polynes.-Frane, p. 224.

Pancher in Quzent Tahiti, p. 172.

T. pinnatifolia, Gertn. Fruct. vol. i. p. 43 (excl. Syn. Rheede, ubi pro vol. ii.

lege xi.) t. 14, f. 2.

T. oceanica, Nutt. in Am. Journ. Pharm. vol. iii. (1838) p. 305-308, ewm Ie.

Seem. Journ. Bot. iv. (1866) p. 261.

Chaitwa Tacca, Soland. Primit. Fl. Ind. Pacific (mss. ined, in Mus. Brit.)

p. 246. Ellis Polynes. Res. vol. i. p. 360.

The flowering of the Polynesian Tacca pinnatifida in

the Royal Gardens, affords the opportunity of giving a

representation of what must be considered as the type. of

that species, and which differs widely from the Indian

plant which has hitherto been cultivated in England under

that name; though whether the latter will prove to differ

specifically must, until more of the forms of each are

brought under close observation, be considered doubtful.

For the means of identifying the figure here given with

Forster’s plant, I am indebted to authentic specimens of

the latter presented to the Kew Herbarium by the Corpora-

tion of Liverpool, a body which had for long been the

Jone Ist, 1893,

envied possessor of a set of Forster’s plants collected

during Cook’s second voyage; and to tracings of the

drawings of Forster and Parkinson, preserved in the British

Museum, kindly made for me by Mr. E. G. Baker, F.L.S.,

of the Botanical Department of that Institution. It is

hardly neccessary to remind the reader that Parkinson

was the artist on the staff of Sir Joseph Banks during

Cook’s first voyage, when Dr. Solander, hereafter to be

alluded to, was the active Botanist on the same staff; as

also that the two naturalists, J. R. and G. Forster, father

and son (the latter then only 17 years of age) accom-

panied Cook on his second voyage.

The first indication of the Polynesian Tacca that I have |

found is in the narrative of Cook’s first voyage, Book I.

Chap. XVII. where, describing the vegetable foods of the

Tahiti Islanders, he mentions “a root of the Salep kind,

called by the inhabitants Pia.” A full description of it,

drawn up on the spot, is contained in the mss. work of

Dr. Solander, cited above, under the name he gave it of

Chaitwxa Tacca, and which description only differs from

that of the specimen here figured in the margins of the

perianth-lobes being purple, and the tips of the involucral

bracts being more divided (pinnatifid).

The earliest published account of the Polynesian Tacca

appeared in 1778, in J. and G. Forster’s “ Characteres

Generum,” which was followed ten years later by more

detailed accounts in G. Forster’s Florula of the Pacific

Islands, and in his commentary on the esculent plants of

the same. In the last of these works he identifies with

his Tacca pinnatifida, the Tacca sativa and T. litorea of

Rumpf’s “ Herbarium Amboinense,” vol. v. p- 324, 328, t.

112, 114, published in 1750; in which he is followed by

Gertner (who changed the specific name to pinnatifolia)

and by Roxburgh,* who described as 7. pinnatifie speci-

* Roxburgh, referring to Forster’s description in the Commentatio, goes

too far in saying that this author “quoted Rumpf’s” 7. phallifera, t. 112

(error for 113) as a variety of T. litorea. Forster merely alludes to the plate

(113) as that of a wild variety of Tacca figured by Rumpf as having a para-

sitic species of Phallus proceeding from the root, and which he had not seen.

Roxburgh rightly referred the Phallus to his Arum campanulatum (Amor-

ss campanulatus, Schott), but curiously enough, in his “‘ Flora Indica

vol. iii. p. 508) he describes the leaf of a Tacca (pinnatifida) as a new species

of Arum, A. lyratum, (Amorphophallus lyratus, Engl.).

mens cultivated in the Calcutta Botanical Gardens, of a

plant which he had received from “ the Malay countries.”

Of Rumpf’s two figures which represent what he takes for

the cultivated and wild forms of Tacca (sativa and litorea),

that of 7’. sativa is of a leaf only on a tuber covered with

bulbils ; that of 7. litorea is of a plant with small lanceo-

late bracts, quite unlike those of Forster’s 7. pinnatifida,

but closely agreeing with Roxburgh’s description and ex-

cellent drawing of the same which is now in the Kew

Herbarium.

Up to the date of the publication of the second volume

of Roxburgh’s “ Flora Indica ” (1832), nothing was known

of any continental Indian Tacca (for Gertner’s citation of

Rheede’s Hortus Malabaricus, vol. xi. t. 21, refers to an

Aroid. a species of T’heriophonum ?). More recently, how-

ever, a Tacca known as I. pinnatifida has been found

abundantly in the Concan and Ceylon, and is cultivated

in Travancore and perhaps elsewhere in India and as it

accords with Roxburgh’s Malayan plant, the question

arises whether or no the narrow bracted Western species

which extends from Amboyna to Western India, is specifi-

cally the same with the broad bracted Polynesian. In

favour of an affirmative answer it may be urged, that there

is considerable variation amongst the Polynesian broad

bracted forms. The flowers of the Fiji plant here figured

are large and altogether green. Forster, as before ob-

served, says of the Tahiti one that the perianth segments

are bordered with purple, and Nuttall who recognized the

difference between the Indian plant (which by oversight

he regarded as the type) and the Polynesian, called the

latter 7. oceanica, and described the flowers as small brown

or brownish-red. As far as can be determined from dried

Specimens in the Kew Herbarium and other data, the

broad cucullate bracted form extends from the Sandwich

and Society Islands to the Fijis, N. Australia, the Aru

Isles, Malacca, and Madagascar (7. madagascariensis,

Noronha), and both coasts of tropical Africa. That with

lanceolate bracts from Amboyna to India. A form of the

latter is fairly well figured in Loddige’s Botanical Cabi-

nets, t. 692; another, with very narrow leaf-segments, in

Regel’s Gartenflora, vol. xvii. (1868) p. 162, t. 582 (the

accompanying analyses of which are purely imaginary) ;

and a third with both leaf-segments and bracts very narrow

in Lamarck’s Encyclop. t. 232. Over and above these

are numerous specimens from various localities in Asia and

Africa that show many forms of bracts, from broad and

cucullate through trapeziform to broadly ovate and obovate

and thence to lanceolate ; and innumerable varieties in the

size and decomposition of the leaf and breadth of its seg-

ments: so that in the absence of living specimens I am

quite unable to distinguish the forms of 1. pinnatifida by

definite characters, whether as species or varieties. Their

only pinnatifid-leaved ally is the stately 7. artocarpifolia,

Seem. of Madagascar, figured at t, 6124 of this work,

which is remarkable for the very long lanceolate biscriate

bracts, the inner erect, the outer deflexed, and the great

size of the fruit, two inches long and pointed at both ends.

That of 1. pinnatifida varies much in shape, from ellip-

“ar to oblong, and in size, from one half to nearly one

inch,

The root of Tacca pinnatifida attains the size of a large

turnip; that of the wild plant is described by Forster as

the most bitter and acrid of roots, but rendered milder by

cultivation, it yielding after pounding, maceration, and

many washings, a starch equal to the best. The latter forms

a favourite food in many tropical countries of the old

world, and has been imported into Kurope. Pancher, in

Cuzent’s Tahiti, describes the root as yielding 30-60

per cent. of fecula, the glucose from which yields 42 per

cent. of alcohol, and adds that the natives make it into

cakes called Poe Pia, and that the flower stems afford a

white shining straw used for platting.

I have found no mention of the Indian Tacca in any

work devoted to the economic products of that country,

except in Ainslie’s Materia Medica of Hindostan, under

roots, where it is stated that it grows to a large size in

Travancore, is called Chanay Kelengu, and is much eaten,

the natives adding an agreeable acid to subdue its natural

pungency. Roxburgh says of the Malacca plant it is the

“‘Lekin”? of the inhabitants of that town, and under

-Arum lyratum he gives it the Telinga name of Udavee-

Kundu.

The name Tacca is, according to Rumpf, derived from

the Amboynan “ Tiia;” he adds that it is “ Toja” of the

Banda Islanders, and ‘‘ Lecker” of certain Malays.

According to Seemann (Fiji Flora) it is the “Pia”’ of

Tahiti and Samoa, and the ‘‘ Yabia” or ‘‘ Yabia dina OL

Viti, where it was formerly cultivated. Tubers were sent

to the Royal Gardens from the Botanical Station in Fiji in

1890, which flowered in January and February, 1891.

Mr. Watson informs me that the perianth segments do

not expand, and that in most cases the plants perished

after flowering.—J. D. H.

Tab. 7299. Reduced figure of 7. pinnatifida, Fig. 1, flower; 2, the same

with the perianth segment removed; 3, perianth segment and anther ;

4, front, and 5, dorsal view of anther; 6, crown of ovary style and stigmas;

7, transverse section of ovary ; 8,ovule; 9, section of the filamentous bracteoles

of the inflorescence :—Al/ enlarged.

Tab. 7300. Inflorescence of 7, pinnatifida, of the nat. size.

7301.

MESS "

A |

ee a

M.S.del, TU-Ertch lith,

CC is ee rr

Tas. 7301,

RHODODENDRON RACEMOSUM.

Native of Western China.

Nat. Ord. Ertcacex.—Tribe RuoporEx.

‘Genus RaopopEnpnon, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 599.)

RxopopENDRON racemosum; fruticulus erectus, ramulis hornotinis subsca-

bride glandulosis, foliis breviter petiolatis ellipticis obovatisve obtusis

basi rotundatis cuneatisve, supra glabris subtus glaucis confertim

lepidotis, floribusin corymbos subterminales dispositis, gemmarum bracteis

ochraceo-fuscis extimis oblongis intimis linearibus, pedicellis flores

parvos nutantes subsequantibus, calycis minuti lobis erectis rotundatis,

corolla tubuloso-campanulata rosea, lobis oblongis patentibus obtusis,

staminibus 10 exsertis filamentis infra medium villosis, antheris brevi-

bus, ovario 5-loculari dense lepidoto, stylo elongato basi subpiloso.

R. racemosum, Franch in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. vol. xxxiii. (1886), p. 235. Hemsl.

in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xxvi. (1889), p. 29. Garden and Forest. vol. v.

(1892), p. 222; W. Watson, in “ The Garden,” vol. xlii. (1892), p. 311.

The figure here given is that of the true R. racemosum, |

and it precisely corresponds with specimens of the wild

plant in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, communi-

cated from the Jardin des Plantes, by M. Franchet, the

author of the species. It also accords, as Mr. Watson

informs me, with plants grown under this name by Messrs.

Veitch, who received them from the Jardin de Plantes,

where they were raised from seed collected by Father

Delavay, S.J., in China, but not well with the figure in

“The Garden,” which represents a robust plant with leaves

one and a half to one and three-quarters inches long, and

flowers one to one and a quarter inches diameter.

_ Under Tab. 7159 of this work I have made a few observa-

_ tions on the immense accessions to the genus Rhododendron,

_ accruing from the travels of collectors in the mountainous

regions of Western China. JR. racemosum is one of them ;

_ it was discovered in the mountains of the Province of

unnan, at elevations of eight thousand to ten thousand

June Ist, 1893,

feet above the sea. Its nearest ally amongst the Hima-

layan species is R. glaucum, Hook. f. (Tab. 4721), which

it closely resembles in many characters, but differs in the

minute obtuse calyx-lobes.

The specimen here figured was sent me by Dr. Balfour,

F.R.G., from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, where

it flowered in March of the present year. It also flowered

at about the same time at Kew, and with Messrs. Veitch

in the Combewood Nurseries. It is perfectly hardy, and

very sweet-scented.—J.D.H.

Fig 1, Portion of undersurface of leaf, showing the peltate scales; 2, calyx

and pistil; 3, scale from the calyx; 4 and 5, stamens; 6, transverse section

of ovary :—all enlarged.

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Tap. 7302.

ACANTHORHIZA acunBata,

Native of Mexico.

Nat. Ord. Patma.—Tribe CoryPHE,

Genus Acantuoruiza, Wendl. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 925).

Acanruorniza, aculeata; arborea, trunco basi radicibus wreis spinosis

instructo annulato apice folioso, foliis patulis orbicularibus sinu basi

angusto ad trientem partem plicato-multifidis lete viridibus subtus

albescentibus, lobis ensiformibus acutis v. apice 2-3-fidis 5-costatis et

multinerviis subdecurvis sinubus angustis nudis v. filiferis ligula late

ovata obtusa concava crassa, petiolo laminz subequilongo biconvexo,

marginibus subacutis, vagina brevi fibrosa, spadice decurvo compresso

breviter pedunculato paniculatim ramoso, rachi ramisque brevibus crassis,

spathis 3-4 elongatis albis deciduis, floribus pallidis dense spicatis

crasse coriaceis, calycis lobis erectis oblongis obtusis, petalis calyci eequi-

longis orbicularibus concavis, filamentis subulatis crassis basi connatis,

antheris oblongo-lanceolatis patenti-recurvis, ovariis anguste ovoideis in

stylos zequilongos erectos attenuatis.

A. aculeata, H. Wendl. ex André in Illustr. Hortic. vol. xxvi., p. 185, t. 367;

et in Kerchove Les Palmiers, p. 230. Hemsl. in Biol. Centr. Amer.

Bot. iii. 411.

Trithrinax aculeata, Liebm. ex Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. vol. iii. p- 320.

Chamezrops stauracantha, Hort. Belg. ew Linden Cat., et Heynh, Nomene, vol.

ii. p, 136, '

A very handsome palm discovered by M. M, Linden and

Funck in 1840 in the Forests of Chiapas, Tabasco Pro-

vince of S.E. Mexico, on mountains of 2-3000 ft. eleva-

tion, and introduced into Europe by M. Linden. It has

also been found by Liebmann in Western Mexico, in Bamboo

jungles in a calcareous soil between La Galera and Po-

chutla, and in woods near San Miguel del Puerto with

Chamedorea pochutlensis, neither of which localities have I

been able to identify. It belongs to a small genus of six or

Seven species, all natives of Mexico, Central America and

Guatemala, and remarkable for the rigid spmous adventi-

tious roots that are thrown out from the base of the

trunk, and in young plants for several feet upwards. The

figure in the Tlustration Horticole is of a young plant

JuLy Ist, 1893.

neither in flower nor fruit, nor is it accompanied with

any further description than that of the locality and dis-

coverers as given above, The leaves are represented as

divided much more deeply (nearly to the base) than in the

figure here given, but this deeper division of the leaves

is : marked feature of immature plants of palmate-leaved

palms.

In the meagre description given by Martius, evidently |

of a young specimen of this species, the trunk is described

as four to six feet high, covered with fragments of fronds,

and aculeate towards the top, characters not shown in

our specimen. (Can the top be an oversight for the

base?) Dr. Wendland informs me that a specimen in the

Royal Garden of Herrenhausen flowered there many years

ago, but did not fruit. Of the Kew plant no history

is retained, It was no doubt obtained from Belgium soon

after the importation of seeds half a century ago. It is

now 27 ft. high, with a girth of trunk 21 ft.; the leaves

are 5 ft. diam., the petiole 3-4 ft.; the crown of leaves is

11 ft. diam. The peduncle rachis and branches of the —

Spadix are pale yellow, the flower a dark creamy pink.

It flowered in the Palm House of the Royal Gardens in

November, 1892,

Fig. 1, flower; 2, petal; 3, st ‘ nae : :

6, pintiia ~All Ra sir , Stamens; 4, fruit; 5, back view of stamen ;

7303

M S.del, LN-Fitch dith,

Tas. 7303.

LASIOSIPHON ANTHYLLOIDES.

Native of South Africa.

Nat. Ord. Toymunxacez.

Genus Lastostrnon, Fresen.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. volw iii. p- 197.)

LasiosirHon, anthylloides; caule ereeto folioso, foliis sessilibus patulis v.

decurvis et revolutis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis utrinque subtus pracipue

sericeo-villosis paucinerviis, supremis confertis suberectis apicibus recurvis

involucrum campanulatum efficientibus, floribus umbellatis subsessilibus,

perianthii tubo 1}-pollicari gracillimo sericeo-piloso involucro duplo

longiore, limbi sulphurei lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis extus pilosis fance

esquamato, antheris -linearibus, ovario oblongo basi angustato apice

parce piloso.

L. anthylloides, Meissn. in DC. Prodr. vol. xiv. p. 595.

Passerina anthylloides, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 226. Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. p.

76; et Fl. Cap. p. 377. Wikstr. Fhymel. p. 347. Meissn. in Linnea, vol.

xiv. p. 392, e¢ in Hook. Lond, Journ. Bot. vol. ii. (1843), p. 551, sphalm.

451.

Dais sericea, Lamk. Dict. vol. ii. p. 767. |

D. anthylloides, Eckl. & Zey. Herb. n. 3765, 35.

Arthrosolen anthylloides, OC. A. Mey. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. vol. iv. n. 4,

Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. p. 2.

Gnidia tomentosa, Eckl. in Herb. (non alior.).

The natural Order Thymeleacee abounds in South

Africa, where it is represented by many chiefly endemic

genera ; to this, however, Lasiosiphon forms an exception,

for to about twenty endemic African and Madagascar

Species, there is added a continental Indian one, the L.

ertocephalus, Decne, which under seven specific names ex-

tends from the North Western Himalaya to Ceylon and

Malacca. The African species are small shrubs with a

good deal of the habit of the Australian genus Pimelea,

as the species here figured shows. It, however, differs

Widely from Pimelea in the five-lobed perianth and ten

Stamens. JL. anthylloides is a very variable plant in size,

in the stout or slender branches, in the direction of the

lanceolate to oblong leaves, and in their silky hairiness.

Juty Isr, 1893,

As with so many plants of Eastern South Africa, it has a

very wide range of distribution, from the hilly districts of

Natal, the Transvaal and Orange Free State, to lat. 28°S.,

ascending to 4000 ft., on the Winterhock Mts., near

Uitenhage, in nearly 34° S. lat. The variety represented

is a very elegant one from the graceful habit and the

disposition of the revolute decurved silky leaves ; it was

sent in 1889, for figuring by Mr. Lynch, A.L.S., from the

Cambridge Botanic Gardens, where it flowered in a

greenhouse in the month of September, 1889.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Back of leaf; 2, flower with the perianth-tube laid open; 3, base

of pedicel disk and ovary; 4, summit of style and stigma :—AJl enlarged.

SSE

No Pim

(Na

ooksDay & Son n

Vincent E

}

MS.del, NFitch

LReeve & C° london.

Tas. 7304,

MISCANTHUS sinensis.

Native of China and Japan.

Nat. Ord. Graminsa2.—Tribe ANDROPOGONES.

Genus Miscantuvs, Anderss. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 1125.)

MiscanTuvus, sinensis; culmis erectis robustis glabris v. infra paniculam

villosam pubescentibus, foliis linearibus canaliculatis supra glabris v. parce

pilosis subtus pubescentibus marginibus scabridis, vaginis glabris scaberu-

lisve ligula ciliata, panicula erecta flabellata, racemis elongatis corymboso-

fastigiatis sessilibus multifloris infimis 3—4-nis rachim sepissime superan-

tibus, spiculis pedicellatis 4, poll. longis stramineis nitidis glabris‘v. sparse

pilosis villos albos v. subviolaceos subzequantibus, gluma i. et i. acumi-

natis, iii. hyalina ciliata, iv. integra v. apice bifida dentibus subulatis,

arista gracillima gluma duplo v. triplo longiore, palea brevissima 2-3-fida

v. lacera.

M. sinensis, Anderss. in Cifvers. K. Vets. Akad. F orhandl. Stockh. (1855),

166. Hackel in DO. Monog. Phan. vol. vi. p. 100.

Erianthus japonicus, Beaw. ex Roem. § Sch. Syst. vol. ii. p. 324. Nees in

Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 242. ;

Eulalia japonica, Trin..in Mem. Acad. Petersb. Ser. 6, vol. ii. p. 333; et

Hortulanorum. .

E. japonica, var. foliis univittatis, Carr. & André in Rev. Hortic. (1889),

p. 516. :

Ripidium japonicum, Trin. Fund. p. 169.

Saccharum’ japonicum, Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. ii, p. 328 im part.

Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. i. p. 321.

8. polydactylon, var. 8. Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 48.

The handsome grass here figured belongs to a small

Kastern Asiatic, Himalayan and Polynesian genus, closely

allied to that of the sugar-cane, Saccharum, from which it

differs in the rachis of the raceme not being articulated and

becoming disjointed at the bases of the pedicels of the

spikelets; as also in the corymbiform or flabelliform

panicle, the lower racemes of which often exceed in length

the rachis of the panicle itself. Hackel, the latest and

best authority on the Andropogineous grasses, enumerates

Seven species of Miscanthus, which are probably reducible

to five or six. As the cited synonyms (taken from

Jury Ist, 1893,

Hackel’s monograph) show, there has been confusion in

the nomenclature of the two Miscanthi founded by Anders-

Son on the old Saccharum japonicum of Thunberg;

namely, M. sinensis and japonicus. Of both of these there

are sufficient specimens in the Kew Herbarium, but being

undistinguishable by the characters given by Hackel, I

requested Dr. Stapf (Assistant for India in the Kew

Herbarium), to be so good as to compare them critically

for me; and he has kindly given me as his opinion, that

though very distinct in the extreme forms, they pass into

one another in portions of their common area, but that

each being rather uniformly distributed over large tracts,

they may be kept as distinct species. The following are

his characters of the extreme forms :—

M. sinensis ; leaves 8- rarely to 6— lin. broad, often

strigose; panicle flabelliform ; ‘rachis short, with rather

Stouter racemes; pedicels straight or slightly curved ;

outer glumes 2-22 rarely 3 in. long, long-acuminate,

glabrous or with few hairs :—Distrib. Tonkin to Corea,

Loochoo Islds., and var. purpurascens with more hairy or

villous glumes (M. purpurascens, Anderss.) Japan.

M. japonicus; leaves 8-10 lin. broad, rarely 14 in.,

glabrous; panicle oblong or obovate,’ rachis elongate ;

racemes slender; pedicels slender, usually more or less

recurved; outer glumes L-1 rarely 2 lin. long or (longer

in Philippine and Polynesian Specimens) acuminate,

glabrous.—Distrib, Japan, China, Philippines, N. Cale-

donia and Polynesian Islds.

The broad-banded leaved Eulalia japonica, figured in

Gard. Chron. (1877), p. 565, fic. 89, referred to sinensis

by Hackel, agrees better with M. japonicus.

_ The specimen here figured flowered in the open-air

in the Royal Gardens, Kew, in September, 1892.

.. Fig. 1, portion of sheath and ligula; 2, spikelet; 3, glume i; 4, glume

alt iu.; 6, pale; 7, lodicules; 8, anther; 9, ovary :—All greatly

M S.del, INFitehiith

L Reeve

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VACCINIUM paprirotiom.

Native of Madeira.

Nat. Ord. Vaccinracgem. Tribe Evvacciniea.

Genus Vaccinium, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 573).

Vaccinium (Euvaccinium) padifoliwm ; arbuscula v. arbor parva, foliis deciduis

ovato-oblongis acutis serrulatis subtus pubescentibus, racemis foliosis,

pedicellis cernuis, bracteis foliaceis serrulatis, calycis lobis late ovatis,

corolla campanulata roseo-luteola breviter 5-loba, lobis obtusis, antheris

puberulis ecalcaratis tubulis loculos equantibus, baccis cceruleis.

V. padifolium, Sm. in Rees Cyclop. vol. xxxvi. (1819), Vaccin. n. 22. Loud.

Arboret. Brit. vol. ii. p. 1164 (exel. syn.).

P. maderense, Link Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 375 (1821). DO. Prodr. vol. vii.

p. 567. Lowe Man. Fl. Mader. p.580. H. Wats. in Godman Nat. Hist.

Azores, p. 191.

V. Arctostaphylos, Wil/d. Sp. Pl. vol. ii. p. 353 pro parte. Andrews Bot.

Repos. t. 30, Ait. Hort. Kew Ed. vol. ii. p. 358 (pro parte).

The Madeiran whortleberry was first published by Sir

James Smith in Rees’ Cyclopedia in 1819, a work very

naturally overlooked by the botanists of the day, as in-

deed it is down to the present period. It was hence again

published by Link in 1821, under the name of V. maderense.

It is very closely allied to V. Arctostaphylos, Willd. of

Asia Minor and the Caucasus, if not indeed specifically

the same species, as is held by many botanists, notwith-

Standing its wide severance in geographical area, in which

respect it recalls Rhododendron ponticum, a plant found

nowhere between Asia Minor and South Spain. V. Arcto-

staphylos is figured at t. 974 of this magazine, and a com-

parison of its figure with that of V. padifoliwm shows such

differences as there are between them. :

Another and indeed more closely allied plant is V.

longiflorum, Wikstr. a form of V. cylindraceum, Smith (but

kept apart by Guthnick in the “ Flora Azorica,” a native

of the Azores, in which the corolla is sometimes a full inch

long and cylindrical. The late Mr. H. Watson, who made

JuLy Ist, 1893. :

a critical study of these three species for Godman’s “‘ Nat.

Hist. of the Azores,” sums up as his view, that longi-

florum and cylindricum mean just the same thing, all the

laboured distinctions set forth in order to keep up two

species being mere verbiage.” And that with regard to

V. cylindricwum and maderense, “the flowers do appear —

much dissimilar in length and thus so far likewise in form,

my largest Azore flowers being a full inch long, the

smallest Madeiran less than half an inch. But an approxi-

mate gradation in size is readily traced which leaves barely

+ of an inch between the largest flowers of the Madeiran

and the shortest of the Azorean.”

Whether as a species or variety there can be no doubt

of the common origin of these Asia Minor and Madeiran

and Azorean Vaccinia, and that (like the Rhododendron

above alluded to) and the Indian forms of Lawrinex existing

in the Canary Islands, it points to Spain and the Atlantic

Islands, being the isolated western homes of the fragments

of a Flora that once extended over Europe and North

Africa; but now, through climatic changes elsewhere

expelled from those great continents.

V. padifolium was introduced into Kew in 1777 from

Madeira by Francis Masson, a collector for the Royal

Gardens, where it has been in cultivation ever since. The

figure here given is made from what is probably the

original plant, which has stood ever since I can recollect

(since 1843) in the grass-plot on the left-hand side of the

principal entrance on Kew Green, where it flowers annually

In June or July, and fruits in September. In Madeira,

where it attains the size of a small tree, it inhabits

elevations of 2000 to 5000 ft., and its fruit makes an

excellent preserve.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1. Pedicel, bracts, calyx and : ne gt

stamens ; 4, pistil —All enlarged. re et

M.S. del, JN Pitcbth

LReeve & 0° London.

Tas. 7306.

CROTALARIA 1Lonetrostrata.

Native of Mewico.

Nat. Ord. Lzeguminosm. Tribe Gentstes.

Genus Crorararia, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. SJ. Gen, Pl. vol. i. 479.)

CROTALARIA, longirostrata; suffruticosa, ramis elongatis gracilibus glabris,

foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis oblongo- v. cuneato-obovatis utrinque rotun-

datis apice mucronulatis, supra glabris subtus incanis et brevissime

appresse pilosis, stipulis bracteisque minutis subulatis deciduis, racemis

erectis elongatis multifloris, calyce glabriusculo late campanulato, “lobis

tubo hemispherico triplo longioribus incurvis acuminatis, 2 superioribus

ovatis 3 inferioribus lanceolatis, vexillo amplo latiore quam longo,

reflexo emarginato alis oblongis paullo longiore, ungue ciliato, carin

petalis breviter stipitatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, legumine elliptico-

cylindraceo vix puberulo, sutura ventrali profunde sulcata.

C. lonigirostrata, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 285, 414, Walp. Rep.

Bot. vol. i. p. 594. Hemstl. in Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. vol. i. p. 226.

A very handsome greenhouse plant, described as suffru-

ticose, but, though copiously branched, herbaceous as

grown in the Royal Gardens, where it forms a conspicuous

winter feature in the Begonia house, flowering freely from

December to March, and attaining a yard in height. It

was discovered by the late Dr. Sinclair, Surgeon in H.M.

_ Blossom during the Surveying Voyage of Capt. Beechey, at

Acapulco on the west coast of Mexico, and also in

the province Jalisco by other officers of the ship, and on

the Volcano de Fuego in Guatemala, alt. 5300 ft., by Mr.

Salvin, F.R.S., and at Mazatenango, by Bernoulli.

The Kew plant was raised from seed sent by the Depart-

ment of Agriculture of the United States of America in

1891, and it flowered in the present year.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx; 2, claw and base of standard; 3, petal of wings; 4, petal of

keel; 5, stamens and pistil:—AJ/ enlarged.

Juty Isr, 1893.

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MS del, J.N-Fytch lith.

Tas. 7307.

PHAJUS tuseroutosvs.

Native of Madagascar.

Nat. Ord. Oncuipza.—Tribe EripEnpREz.

Genus Puasus, Lour.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 512),

Puasus (Gastrorchis) tuberculosus ; candice crasso articulato, foliis subfascicu-

latis lanceolatis attenuato-acuminatis in petiolum pseudobulbo parvo

ovoideo articulatum insidentem angustatis, pedunculo e caudice ori-

undo elato pluri-vaginato, racemo erecto multifloro, bracteis ovato-

lanceolatis ovaria zquantibus, floribus 3-poll. latis, Sepalis petalisque

ovato-oblongis obtusiusculis albidis, labelli tubo flavido subcylindraceo

basi in gibbum rotundatum inflato, limbo dilatato 3-lobo, lobis laterali- —

bus amplis auriculeformibus recurvis aureis rufo creberrime et grosse

bare marginibus crenato-lobulatis, lobo terminali rotundato 2-

obulato crispato-crenato albo purpureo maculato, disco carinis 3 crassis

abbreviatis aureis ornato, columna incurva exalata apicem versus sparse

setulosa, polliniis elongatis.

P. tuberculosus, Blume Orchid. Archip. Ind. p. 13, t. xi.; Mus. Bot. Iugd.

Bat, vol. ii. p. 181. Warner, Orchid. Album. vol. ii. t. 91. Godefr.

Orchidophile, p. 93 cwm Ic. Veitch Man. Orchid. Part vi. p.13, ewm Ie.

Rolfe in Lindenia, vol. vii. p. 79, t. 326. Regel. Gartenfl.t.1339. Reichen-

bachia, Ser. 2, vol. i. p. 7, t. 4. Hortic. Belge, 1892, p. 145. Gard.

ae 1881, vol. i. p. 342; 1882, vol. ii. p. 565, £101; 1884, vol. i. p.

20, f. 104,

_ P.tuberculatus, Gard. Chron, 1881, vol. i. £. 67.

Limodorum tuberculosum, Thouars, Orchid. Iles Austr. Afrique, t. 81.

Bletia tuberculosa, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. iii. p. 744. Lindl. Gen, & Sp.

Orchid, p. 123, *

Decidedly the most beautiful species of the noble genus

hajus, which is perhaps, all points considered, including

facility of cultivation of the majority of the species, one of

the most striking of the Order. It belongs to a small

section of the genus, natives of Madagascar and other

African Islands in the Indian Ocean, differing from the

Euphaji by the gibbous spurless base of the tube of the lip.

Though only recently introduced into cultivation, it has

long been known to Botanists, having been described by

Petit Thouars in 1822; and there are specimens in the »

Aveusr Ist, 1893.

Kew Herbarium from various collectors and various locali

ties in Madagascar, from near the sea to the central region.

The plant here figured was obtained in 1889 from

Messrs. F. Sander and Co. of St. Albans, who imported it

from Madagascar, whence it was transmitted by the

brothers Humblot. It flowered in the Royal Gardens in

February of the present year. Mr. Watson informs me

that its successful cultivation is difficult, and that at Kew

it is planted on a piece of tree-fern stem with sphagnum, '

and kept in the. most humid and hot part of the stove.

The flowers have a faint sweet odour.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, side and front view of column; 3, anther; 4 and 5, pollinia.

MS del. JN. Ritchith

L Reeve & ©? Landon.

Tas. 7308.

SPHAROLOBIUM GRANDIFLORUM,

Native of Western. Australia,

Nat. Ord. Lecuminosx, Tribe Popatyrizs.

Genus Spo#Rotosium, Sm.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 469.)

Srxz#Rotopium (Euspherolobium) grandiflorum; ramulis gracillimis pendulis

floriferis aphyllis, foliis parvis linearibus obtusis, floribus geminis

racemosis, bracteis minutis, pedicellis calycem subequantibus, bracteolis

minutis linearibus, calycis nigro-punctati tuboobconico limbo subequilongo,

vexillo oblato emarginato aureo fascia lunari rubra notato, alis vexillo

brevioribus acinaciformibus obtusis, carine petalis alis fere duplo

latioribus dolabriformibus, stylo elongato incurvo infra apicem alato,

legumine latiore quam longo.

8. grandiflorum, R. Br. ew Benth. in Pl. Hueg. Enum. 32; in Ann. Wien,

Mus, vol. ii. p. 76, et in Fl, Austral. vol. ii. p. 66. Meissn. in Pl. Preiss,

vol. 1, p. 57,

This beautiful greenhouse plant belongs to a genus of

thirteen species, confined with a single exception to South-

Western Australia. That exception is the S. vimineum,

Sm., figured at t. 969 of this work, which has a very wide

range in Australia, from Port Jackson to Tasmania and

westward to S8. Australia, and which is so insignificant as

compared with the present species, that but for the abun-

dance of its flowers and graceful habits, it would not in

these days be thought worthy of cultivation. It is the most

closely allied of all to S. grandiflorum, which, as far as can

be judged from herbarium specimens of the other species

(none of which except viminewm have been figured), is the

handsomest of the genus.

S. grandiflorwm was discovered by Menzies, the natu-

ralist of Vancouver’s voyage, at King George’s Sound,

where it has been since collected near Albany, by Preiss

and Drummond, and further West in bogs of the Vasse

river in Geographe Bay by Oldfield, and at Phillip’s river

by Maxwell.

Aveust lst, 1893,

The seeds from which the plant here figured were raised,

were contained in a parcel of miscellaneous unnamed

Australian seeds, presented to the Royal Gardens by Miss

Kate F. G. Logue, Udoc, W. Australia, in 1889. The

plant itself flowered in the Temperate House in April of

this year, and was very attractive.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx, stamens and style; 2, standard; 3, wing-petal; 4, keel-

petal; 5, ovary: all from the flowering specimen and enlarged.—Fig. 6, pod

of the natural size ; 7, the same enlarged; 8, seed enlarged : all from Herbarium

specimens.

Vincent Brooks,Day & Salt

M Sel, IN Fitch ith

LReeve & C2? Landon

Tas. 7309.

BROWNLEEA O@RULEA,

Native of South Africa.

Nat. Ord. Oncnipex. Tribe OrurrpEa.

Genus Browntzxa, Harv. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol, iii. p. 631).

BrowniEka corulea; tubere amorpho lobato, caule gracili paucifoliato, foliig

sessilibus v. breviter petiolatis ovatis lanceolatisve acuminatis 3-costatis,

spica laxe multiflora, bracteis lanceolatis ovaria eequantibus, floribus

allide ceeruleis punctis saturate violaceis conspersis, sepalo dorsali erecto

infundibulari in calcar elongatum rectum v. lente flexuosum horizontale

apice clavellatum attenuato, sepalis lateralibus porrectis oblongis obtusis,

petalis ori-sepali dorsali coherentibus acinaciformibus, labello brevissimo

marginibus column adnato medio in processum parvum erectum obtusum

(lobum medium) instructo.

B. coerulea, Harv. ex Lindl. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. i. (1842) p. 16,

Harv. Thes. Capens, vol. ii. p. 2, t. 103.

B. macroceras, Sond. in Linnza, vol. xix. (1847) p. 106,

B. madagascarica, Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xxii. (1887) p. 126,

The genus Brownleea, which consists of three species

of South African terrestrial Orchids, was founded by

Lindley on two of the species, of which one is here

figured. Lindley describes the genus as having the habit

of Disa, adding, “but the petals (unless I greatly err)

cohere with the posterior sepal, and the labellum, which is

exceedingly minute, is reflected back on the column to

Which its margins adhere, whilst its inner or upper surface

18 free; thus forming a little pouch.” Of the above

characters the only one of importance in distinguishing

Brownleea from Disa, is the small upturned lip, for the

adhesion of the petals to the dorsal sepal is probably

apparent only, and due to drying (as I have found to be

the case in Habenaria and other genera). In the Genera

Plantarum (Key to the Genera of Orchids, iii. 487)

Brownleea is erroneously described as having no spur, and

in the body of that work (p. 631) as having an erect

concave or helmet-shaped odd sepal without a spur; and

Avevust Isz, 1893,

in a note appended to the description of the genus, it

says, ‘‘ Certainly closely allied to Disa although the stigma

is hardly pulvinate.”’

The genus was named at Dr. Harvey’s suggestion, after

the Rev. J. Brownlee, a missionary stationed in King

William’s Town, Caffraria, and an observing naturalist,

who discovered this and another species (B. parviflora,

Harv.) in sheltered spots amongst trees near the above

station. A third D. recurvata, Sond. (in Linnea, vol. xix.

p. 106), also from Caffraria, has been added to the genus.

D. cerulea has since been found in many other localities

in 8.E. Africa, from Natal, alt. 3-4000 ft., to Grahamstown,

and also in Madagascar.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Top of ovary and flower with the lateral sepals cut off, showing the

minute erect lip in front of the column and adnate to it ; 2, dorsal sepal and

petals ; 3, column ; 4, polliniam :—AJ/ enlarged,

M.S.del, JNFitch ith.

Vincent Brooks Day & Sanimp. Ae

Tas. 7310.

ILEX conocarpa.

Native of Brazil.

Nat. Ord. Intcinza,

Genus Itex, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 356.)

Tex conocarpa; frutex 6-pedalis, ramulis robustis apice cum pedunculis

cealycibusque subtiliter puberulis sulcatis, foliis lanceolatis acuminatis

serrulatis in petiolum validum angustatis coriaceis glaberrimis subtus

pallidioribus nigro-punctulatis, nervis laterabilus 10-12 prominulis

reticulatis, spicis solitariis v. glomeratis cylindraceis crassis densifloris

petiolum superantibus v. abbreviatis, masculis ¢-1} lin. longis, foemineis

brevioribus, floribus tetrameris, masculis 2-2} in. diam. foem. minoribus,

calycis lobis rotundatis, staminibus corolla lobis paullo brevioribus,

drupa 2% lin. longa ovoideo-conica, stigmate depresse mamillari

coronata.

I le Reiss, in Mart. Fl. Bras. vol. xi. pars i. p. 66, t. xiii. f. 14

eaf).

Ilex conocarpa is an interesting plant economically, as

being one of that extensive Brazilian genus which yields a

“Maté,” or Paraguay tea, though to what extent this is

used, or whether as a substitute for, or an adulteration of

the true “ Maté,” I have no means of ascertaining. Of

the “Maté” yielding Ilexes, it is stated in Martius’

“Flora,” l.c. p. 128, that I. theezans, diuretica, sorbilis,

domestica, pseudothea, medica, and conocarpa, are, together

with Villarezia mucronata, all confounded in Brazil under

the name of Congonha or Gongonha, and are worthy of

Mention as similar or equal to the true J. paraguensis,* in

virtues and uses, but that they have not been chemically

vestigated. All are indigenous in Brazil, none being

described as cultivated, and they belong some to one, some

* I. paraguariensis is the name origi lly (in 1822) given to the species by

St. Hilaire, in Mem. du Mus. vol. ix. (1822) p. 351, no doubt in reference to the

town of Paraguari, in Paraguay; but as it was abandoned by its author and re-

Placed by that of I. Mate in 1824, Lambert's I. paraguensts, also published

n 1824, may be adopted in preference, as being much earlier than the usually

adopted paraguayensis,

Aveust Isr, 1893.

to the other of the two divisions into which Reiss has

divided the sixty-three Brazilian species, namely the

punctate and impunctate leaved, the former of which

includes I. conocarpa. |

Of the true Maté, a good figure is given at tab. 3992

of this work, and a very full description of the plant

and its uses, in the London Journal of Botany, vol. 1. p.

35. It differs from J. conocarpa, in the broader leaves, and

especially in the smaller panicled greenish flowers, and in

the globose fruit ; and it has a more southern range, from

Rio to Paraguay, where it abounds wild, and has been

cultivated by the Jesuits.

I. conocarpa belongs (as stated above) to the punctate-

leaved section of the genus, of which Reiss describes no

less than twenty-nine species (including I. paraguensis)

which are so nearly allied that he has not been able to

subdivide them sectionally. Its distinctive character 1s

the conical fruit, of which I have seen no example, and

. Without which its identification cannot be considered abso-

lutely determined; but the plant here figured being in all

respects identical with that collected by Gardner in bushy

hills about Ouro Preto in Piauhy (N. 5004) and which is re-

garded by Reiss as typical of his J. conocarpa, I see no

reason for doubting its being correctly named. :

The plant here figured was sent from the Botanical

Gardens of Rio to those of Kew by Monsieur A. Glaziou,

in 1889, and flowered in a stove in March of the present

year. Only male flowers were produced.—J. D. H.

- Fig. 1, Cluster of flowers

laid All enlarged. ; 2, section of calyx and imperfect ovary ; 3, corolla

open :— All enlarged, :

Postscript to Tab. 7310. Tnx conocarpa.

When making, under the description of the above-named

plant, some observations on the synonymy of its congener,

I. paraguensis, it had escaped my memory that. Mr. N. H.

Brown, in an important essay on the Paraguay Tea plants,

publisbed in the Kew Bulletin (for 1892, p. 133) had

proved that the I. paraguayensis, Tab. 3992 of this Maga-

zine, is a species of Hlzodendron, probably EH. quadrangula-

tum, Reiss. (in Mart. FI. Bras. vol. xi, p. 33, t. 5, f. 1, 2);

and that the figure of J. paraguayensis in Hooker’s Journal

of Botany, vol. i. (1842), t. 3, is I. nigropunctata, Miers

(I. affinis, var. angustifolia, Reiss. l.c. p. 70, t. 14, f. 9).

Of the other species for which I have cited the Flora

Brasiliensis as yielding a Maté, Mr. Brown regards

I. sorbilis, I. domestica and I. theezans aS varieties of I.

paraguensis.

7311.

‘NS.del, JNPitch ith . Brooks Day Son kmp-

Tan. 781iT,

MUSA MaNnNIit.

Native of Assam.

Nat. Ord. Scrtaminem. Tribe Muszaz.

Genus Musa, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 655.)

Musa Mannii; caudici gracili humile basi stolonifera, foliis longiuscule petio-

latis lineari-oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis v. rotundatis, spica elongata

laxiflora inclinata, bracteis oblongis cymbiformibus obtusis glabris roseis

3-floris, fl. masc. 2-pollicaribus tubulosis flavis, calycis cylindracei striati

lobis 5 minutis recurvis, corolla calyce breviore apice truncata breviter

obtuse 3-loba, antheris filamentis pluries longioribus apicibus exsertis,

baccis fusiformibus trigonis glabris.

M. Mannii, H. Wendl. ms.; Baker in Hook.f. Fl, Brit. Ind. vol. v. p. 263.

The Asiatic and Polynesian species of Musa are imper-

fectly known, and the published descriptions being for the

most part very imperfect, botanistsin Europe are depen-

dent on cultivated specimens or on good drawings made

from living ones for what little is ascertained about them.

They fall under three groups, 1st, those with short

ovoid stems, which are not stoloniferous (the whole plant

dying after flowering), and with many-fld. bracts. Of

these, M. superba, Roxb., figured at tab. 3849 of this work,

18s the type :—2nd, those with erect stems stoloniferous at

the base, and many-fid. bracts. To this belongs M.

Sapientum, with its innumerable cultivated varieties :—3rd

those with slender stoloniferous stems and few-fld. bracts.

Of these the only satisfactorily figured or described species

are M. rosacea, Jacq. of the Hastern Himalaya, and M,

sanguinea, of the Assam Valley, figured at Tab. 5975;

but it has long been known that others exist in Assam

under the names of assamica, aurantiaca, dasycarpa, and

‘velutina, All of these were, I believe, discovered by the

veteran explorer, Dr. Gustav Mann, of the Indian Forest

epartment, whose previous travels and botanical dis-

Aveusr Ist, 1893.

coveries in tropical Western Africa have immortalized

him.

__M. Mannii resembles most in habit M. rosacea, Jacq., a

plant first imported to England from and supposed to be

a native of the Mauritius (an island that does not contain an

indigenous species of the genus) but which was no doubt

introduced thither from India. It differs from M. Manni

in the longer-petioled leaves, large pale purplish bracts

six to ten inches long, and the shorter deeper yellow

flowers.

The plant here figured was received from Dr. Wendland

of the Herrenhausen Botanical Gardens, Hanover, in 1885,

and has flowered annually in the Royal Gardens, Kew, in

the month of March. It was unfortunately not brought

to me for figuring until after the female perianth had fallen

away. The stem attains a height of two feet, and a girth

of three and a half inches at the base, the leaf two feet in

length by seven inches broad, its petiole eight inches.

The spadix was six inches long. The fruit is small, three

to four inches long, fusiform, obtusely trigonous, with a

very broad truncate apex. Mr. Watson has succeeded in

procuring ripe fruits from fertilizing M. Mannii with

pollen of M. rosacea. These are about two inches long,

obtusely trigonous, green with a pale sweet glutinous

pulp and many seeds. The seeds are black, } inch long,

irregularly oblong, plano-convex or trigonous ; the testa

rough, crustaceous ; the albumen flowery ; and the embryo

lateral. They have not as yet germinated.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Male flower; 2 and 3, stamens: 4, + £ styl d stigma;

5, transverse section of ovary :-—All porsaiied | , top of style an gm

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autains original articles by our leading British

edings of Societies, and Botanical News. Especial attention is now

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7312.

Vincent Brooks Day &Son imp.

L.Reeve & C2 Landon

Tas. 7812.

BAUHINIA VARIEGATA, var. Candida,

Native of Tropical Asia.

Nat. Ord. Lecumrnos#. Tribe Bavurnrer.

Genus Bavuinta, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 575.)

Bavurnta (Phanera), variegata; Linn. Sp. Pl. 375; DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p.

574. Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 496. Roxb. Hort. Beng. p.

31; Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 319. Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Penins. Ind. Or. p.

296. Wali. Cat. n. 595. Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. p. 64. Kurz For. Fl.

Brit, Burm, vol. i. p, 397. Brand For. Fl. N.W. Ind. p. 161. Aitchis.

Cat. Panjab Pl, p. 53. Beddome, Forest. Man. 8. Ind. p. xciti. Gamble

Man. Ind. Tims. p. 140. Watt, Dict. Econom. Prodr. Ind. vol. i. p. 425.

Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. ii. p. 284.—Tas. nostR. 6818.

B. purpurea, Wall, Cat. n. 5795 (in part.)

PuaneERa variegata, Benth. Pl. Jungh. p. 262,

Choromna Mandaru, Rheede Hort. Mal. vol. i. p. 57, t. 32.

Var. candida, floribus albis petalo antico viridi pallido suffuso. Ham. in

Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 496 (excl. cit. Willd. & Ait.) ; Wight & Arn.

Fil. Penins. Ind. Or. p. 296.

B. candida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. p.31; Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 318 (excl. cit. Willd.),

Wall. Cat. n. 5796,

At t. 6818 of this work is figured one of the brightly

coloured varieties of this beautiful plant, and between that

and even darker purple-flowered, and the one here given

there are innumerable gradations of colour. Whether,

however, these sports of colour are found in the native

State of the plant is doubtful, for the species is even more

frequently met with in a cultivated than in a native state.

Roxburgh, who first described the white variety as a

Species, gives no other habitat than gardens in India; he,

however, supposed it to be the B. candida of Willdenow,

which is a variety of the closely allied and almost equally

common B. purpurea, Linn. ; an error into which Hamilton,

who was the first to describe it as a variety of B. variegata,

also fell, |

Under Plate 6818 I have given some account of the

introduction of B. variegata into England, and of the uses

Sertemser Isr, 1893.

to which parts of the tree are put; to which may be added

that it yields (like other members of the genus) the gum

known as Sem or Semla génd, which has the properties

of cherry gum, as stated in Dr. Watt’s invaluable

Dictionary of the Economic Products of India, a work

which had not appeared when the aforesaid account for

this Magazine was drawn up. I have now to add a curious

fact in relation to the distribution of B. variegata, which

is, that though common in a wild state in the jungles of

India from the Indus river to Burma, ascending to 4000 it.,

and extending to Malabar, it is not recorded as a native

of Ceylon. ‘his is the more remarkable, if it is true (see

Watt, l.c.) that it is often represented in Budhist:

sculptures, a statement that must, however, be checked

by the fact that specific differences, especially in such a

genus as Bauhinia, may be supposed to have eluded the

sculptor’s eye, and that very different Bauhinias would

serve his purpose equally well. The absence of B. variegata

in Ceylon is not, however, an isolated fact in the Flora

of that Island; for of this large representative Indian

genus (embracing 87 species) only two,* B. tomentosa,

L. and racemosa, Lam., are recorded by Trimen as certainly

indigenous in it, and one other, the common Asiatic and

Malayan B. anguina, as doubtfully native.

B. variegata var. candida was raised from seed received

in 1883 from the Right Hon. Sir Mountstuart Grant

Duff, who, when Governor of Madras, sent many interest-

ing plants and other seeds to Kew. It flowered in March

of 7 present year, and the flowers were very frequent.—

d. DE

Fig. 1, Stamen and pistil; 2 and 3, anthers, all enlarged; 4, reduced fig.

of whole plant as grown in the Palm House, Kew.

* In the Flora

Ceylon, on the a

Walker,

of British India B. purpurea is stated to be a neste i

uthority of a specimen in Herb. Kew from the late Col.

which is, however, most probably from a garden plant.

7313.

Vinoent Brodks Day &Son F™P

Tas. 7813.

ARME RIA Latrrorta.

Native of Portugal.

Nat. Ord. PLrumBacinemx. Tribe Staticez.

Genus Armenia, Willd.,; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen, Pl. vol. ii. p. 626.)

Armenia (Plagiobasis), latifolia; rhizomate crasso diviso reliquiis fuscis

foliorum vetustorum dense operto, fuliis 3-5-pollicaribus anguste-oblan-

ceolatis in petiolum angustatis acntis v. acuminatis glaucescentibus 3-7-

nerviis, scapo elato glaberrimo, capitulo magno globoso, vagina longissima,

involucri bracteis pallide brunneis scariosis dorso coriaceis infimis

linearibus v. triangulari-lanceolatis acutatis, coeteris ovato-oblongis cuspi-

datis, tubo calycis basi fere eequalis pedicello breviore obscure costato,

costis pilosis, limbi aristis brevibus, petalis obovatis pallide roseis, stylis

medio patentim pilosis.’

A. latifolia, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. vol.i. p. 334. Boiss. in DC. Prodr.

vol. xii. p. 684. Willk. & Lange Fl. Hispan. vol. ii. p. 365,

A. Cephalotes, Link & Hoffm. Fl. Portug. p. 441..

A. scorzonerifolia, Link, in Schrad. Journ, vol. iii. (1810), p. 60.

Statice Pseudo-Armeria, Murr. Syst. Veg. p. 319. Broteri Fl, Lusit. vol. i,

p. 488. Jacq. Hort. Vindod. vol. i. t. 42.

-§. Cephalotes, Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 1. Ed. 2, vol. ii. p. 684,

8. lusitanica, Poir. Iter. vol. ii. p. 173.

The genus Armeria is the subject of a very elaborate

monograph by Boissier, in De Candolle’s Prodromus,

where upwards of fifty species are described, nearly one

half of which (twenty-two) are founded by himself.

Amongst these it is so difficult to distinguish what other

botanists would regard as distinct species, that Bentham

says of the genus in Gen. Plant., “ some authors enumerate

more than fifty, others would reduce them to six or seven.”

Respecting Boissier’s work in this genus, it is right that I

should record that, with his wonted candour, he told me

himself, he would, if he had the opportunity of revising

it, reduce the species considerably ; and indeed in his

“Flora Orientalis” he has reduced six of his Oriental

species of Armeria to two.

Turning to Willkomm and Lange’s “ Flora Hispanica,”

Serremper Ist, 1893,

I find that all Boissier’s species of that region are main-

tained, and several added, amounting to no fewer than

thirty-four species in all, which, whether all specifically

different or not, are classified with great skill and judg-

ment, so that it is not difficult to determine these by his

clavis. Amongst those of both works is A. latifolia. It

is very difficult to distinguish it by the descriptions from

the common 4. plantaginea of Western Europe, than

which itis a much more robust plant, with usually broader

leaves and more numerous nerves, larger heads, more

coriaceous bracts, and longer pedicels and calyx lobes.

There are excellent specimens of it in the Kew Herbarium,

from Sir Walter Trevelyan, Welwitsch, and others,

gathered in the neighbourhood of Lisbon. In some of

these the leaves attain three-fourths of an inch in breadth,

being shorter, broader and more acuminate than in the

plant here figured, and the sheath below the head is longer.

The character of leaves remotely denticulate given by

Boissier and Willkomm and Lange, is very obscure in some

_ Specimens, and non-existent in others.

I should observe here that the A. Cephalotes of this

work, t. 4128 (not of Link.) under which A. latifolia is

erroneously entered as a synonym, is referred by Boissier

to the Algerian A. mauritanica, Wallr. This being s0,

the figure of the calyx is very faulty, in wanting the spur

of that species.

According to Miller, A. latifolia was in cultivation in

his garden before 1740, and it has been repeatedly intro-

duced into England at intervals subsequently. The

Specimen here figured flowered in the Royal Gardens, Kew,

in April, 1893, having been received from those of

Edinburgh.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Flower and top of pedicel: oe

4, ovary :—AUl enlarged. p Of pedicel; 2, petal and stamen; 3; stamen;

MS del, JN Fitch ith.

Tas. 7314,

MEGACLIN IUM minoutom.

Native of Sierra Leone.

Nat. Ord. OncnipEx.—Tribe Epipenprex.

Genus Mzeactinium, Lindl. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p- 5065.)

Meeéaciinium minutum; pumilum, pseudobulbis confertis ovoideo-oblongis 2-

phyllis levibus, foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis subacutis v. apice 2-denti-

culatis, scapo brevi inclinato, spica subcernua multiflora, rachi lineari

angusta minute lepidota crenulata brunneo-purpurea, bracteis triangn-

laribus acutis reflexis, ovario brevissimo perianthioque : ferrugineo-

purpureis pubescentibus, sepalis lateralibus latissime triangularibus

acuminatis recurvis, dorsali viridi lateralibus triplo longiore oblongo

obtuso subrecurvo, mento magno globoso, petalis subulatis, labello oblongo

cordato obtuso recurvo pallide flavo, columna brevissima alis minutis

incurvis.

M. minutum, Rolfe in Kew Bulletin, No. 73 (1893), p. 5.

The genus Megaclinium, which consists of about a dozen

Species, is the chief African representative of the large

Asiatic genera Bulbophyllum and Cirrhopetalum, which

are very scantily represented on the African continent.

It is, in fact, only separated from Bulbophyllum by the

remarkable dilatation of the rachis of the spike, which

attams a much greater development in M. maximum,

Lindl. (Tab. 4028), and an extreme dilatation in M. pur-

puratum, Lindl. (Tab. 5936). Dr. Reichenbach, not

without reason, regarded Megaclinium as a section of

Bulbophyllum, as he did Cirrhopetalum ; but in Botany, as

in other biological sciences, if objective characters, though

of little morphological value, which distinguish whole

groups, are not taken into account in the formation of

genera, of Monocotyledons especially, the result would be

chaotic agglomerations of forms under a common generic

name. :

M. minutum was discovered on the top of the Sugarloaf

Hill, Sierra Leone, at about 3000 ft. elevation, by G. F.

Scott Elliott, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Naturalist to the Anglo-

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1893.

French delimitation Commission, who sent plants to Kew,

which flowered in a stove in August, 1892. It is the

smallest known species.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Lateral and 2, front view of flower; 3, column petals and lip;

4, column; 5, anther; 6, pollinia :—AJ/ enlarged.

7315.

MS.del, INEtd lith

TAB. 7315,

SAXIFRAGA muna.

Native of the Pyrenees.

Nat. Ord. Saxirracaces. Tribe Saxirracea.

Genus Saxtrraca, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 635.)

Saxirraca (Aizoon), media; foliis brevibus cauli subelongata densissime

rosulato-imbricatis- glaucescentibus patulo-recurvis _cartilagineis

spathulato-obovatis oblongisve acutis marginibus supra medium crassis

infra medium pectinatim dentatis facie glabris dorso una cum pedunculo

foliis caulinis numerosis spathulatis et inflorescentia glanduloso-pubescenti-

bus, racemo laxifloro, pedicellis patulis, bracteis bracteolisque linearibus

obtusis, floribus parvis, calycis infra medium 5-secti lobis obtusis petala

obovata crenulata rubro-purpurea paullo superantibus, filamentis brevibus

subulatis, antheris inclusis, ovarii semisuperi stylis brevibus, stigmatibus

majiusculis subglobosis.

S. media, Gouan, Illustr. & Obs. Bot. p. 27. Lamarck, Encycl. vol. vi. 675 ;

Iilustr. t. 273, f.6. D. Don, in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 396, partim.

DO. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 20. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. p. 6.

8. calyciflora, Lapeyr. Fl. Pyren. p. 28,t.12. Benth. Cat. Pl. Pyren. p. 118.

Chondrosea calyciflora, Haw. Enum. Saxifr. p. 13.

A very distinct species of the Aizoon group, most nearly

allied to 8S. aretioides, Lap. a native of the same mountains,

though differing widely in the inflorescence and flowers, as

a reference to the figure of that plant in this work (Tab.

5849) shows in foliage and form, &c., of the leaves they

are nearly identical. Indeed, in their native country, these

Species appear to hybridize freely, as was first pointed out

by Bentham in his Catalogue of Pyrenean plants cited

above, where he has a var. hybrida which thus originates,

and to which he refers as S. ambigua, DC. and S. luteo-

purpurea, Lapeyr. (a name which Don, suspecting its hybrid

origin, arbitrarily changed to Lapeyrousii.

Regarding these hybrids Bentham remarks that

they are never found except where the two parent

species occur, when they present a suite of inter-

mediates, amongst which it is rare to find an

two quite alike. On the other hand, he says of S.

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1893.

calyciflora (media), “a constant species, though interme-

diate between S. adscendens, Willd. and 8. ajugefolia, Linn.

If it is a hybrid, it is one that by its constancy, its fixity, and

its abundance, must take rank as aspecies. It is common

in many parts of the chain with S. adscendens and ajuge-

folia, &c., but sometimes, quite alone, as in the south face

of Port Negro.”

It only remains to add that by Sibthorp, Don, De

Candolle, and others, it was regarded as the same with S.

porophylla, Bertol., which takes its place, as it were, in

Italy, and extends through Dalmatia and the Banat to

Mt. Olympus in Bithynia, and which may be distinguished

by its spicate inflorescence. 9. calyciflora flowered in a cold

frame in the Royal Gardens in April of this year.—

Fe Doel,

Fig. 1, Upper and 2 lower surface of a leaf; 3, pedicel, bracteoles and

flower; 4, petal; 5 and 6, stamens; 7, ovary :—All enlarged.

7316

pps Paves e

MS del, INFitch ith

LReeve & C2 London.

Tap. 7816.

SCHIZOCODON sonpanetuorpEs.

Native of Japan.

Nat. Ord. DiarenstacrE#.—Tribe GALACINEA.

Genus Scuizocopon, Sieb. & Zucc. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 620.)

Scuizocopon, soldanelloides ; foliis orbicularibus basi cuneatis v. subcordatis,

grosse dentatis dentibus apiculatis, supra lucidis, nervis subtus prominulis,

scapo 4-6-floro, bracteis linearibus, sepalis oblongis obtusis ciliolatis,

corolla rosea, staminodiis linearibus pubescentibus, stylo crasso persis-

tente.

S. soldanelloides, Siebold & Zuce. in Abhandl. Akad. Wi.s. Mun. vol. iii. p.

723, t. 2, Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Imp. Petersb. vol. xvi. p. 225, and Mel.

Biol. vol. vi. p. 273 and vol. viii. p.19. Franch & Savat, Enum. Pl.

Japon, vol. i. p. 298. Mig. Prolus. Fl. Japon, p. 253. Journ. Hortic. Ser.

3, vol. xxvi. p. 28, f. 55, Gard. Chron. (1893), vol. i. p. 415, £..59.

The beautiful little plant here figured is of great botani-

cal interest, as belonging to a very small Natural Family of

doubtful affinity, consisting of six genera, of which three

are represented by single species, and the other three

having each only two species. The Order is divided into

two tribes, of which one, Diapensiew, consists of the two

genera, Diapensia, Linn. (see Tab. 1108) and Pywidanthera,

Mich. (Tab. 4592), with a persistent corolla and no

staminodes ; the other, Galacinex, of four genera, having a

deciduous corolla, and five staminodes, contains Shortia,

Torr. and Gray (Tab. 7082); Galax, Linn. (Tab. 754);

Berneuxia, Decne. a Tibetan genus hitherto unfigured ; and

Schizocodon. The great interest of the Order centres in the

Galacinee, because of the singular distribution of the genera

between the Floras of Japan and Eastern North America,

which has, as pointed out by A. Gray, afforded such strong

evidence of an early botanical affinity between those

countries, which can only be accounted for by the hypothe-

sis that the genera inhabited a country far north of

their present abiding places, to which latter they were

SEPTEMBER lst, 1893.

driven south by the cold of the glacial period. Thus, of

the two species of Shortia one is Japanese, the other con-

fined to avery restricted area of the mountains of Carolina,

and Schizocodon is the Japanese representative of Galaa,

which is also confined to the mountains of Carolina.

S. soldanelloides is a native of stony places in the

mountain regions of Japan. Itis probably the only species

of the genus, for of the other, S. ilicifolius, Maximovicz, its

author says that it is too near to soldanelloides, and per-

haps only a mountain variety of it.

There is indeed considerable variation in the size, form,

and toothing of the leaves of the latter plant, in the |

colour of the flowers, from white to red, and in the length

of the stamens. These in the specimens figured have very

short filaments inserted high up in the tube, whilst in

others the filaments are quite thrice as long, and inserted

toe but above the staminodes, and are sometimes

airy.

The specimen figured was sent to Kew in March, 1892,

by Capt. Torrens, of Baston Manor, Hayes, Kent, who after-

wards presented it to the Royal Gardens.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx and bracts; 2, corolla laid open; 3 and 4, stamens;

5, staminode; 6, ovary ; 7, transverse section of ovary :—AJl enlarged.

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7317,

Atta

oA At inne

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

M.S.del JN Pitch ith

L Reeve &C? London

Tis Pt y

: RHODODENDRON Fatconzri, var. eximia.

ee : Native of Bhotan.

Nat. Ord. Ericacz#.—Tribe Ruopore®.

.Genus Ruopopenpron, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. vol. ii. p. 599.)

Ruopopenpron (Eurhododendron) Falconeri, Hook. f. Rhod. Sikkim Himal.

t. 10; in Journ. Hort. Soe. Lond. vol. vii..p. 76,97. Hook. Bot. Mag. t.

4924, Fl. des Serres, vol. v. (1849), t. 479-80 and vol. xi. t. 1166-7,

Regel Gartenfl. t. 658. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. iii. p. 465.

R. venosum, Nutt. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vol. v. (1853), p. 365,

Rhododendron, Griff. Itin. Notes, p. 140, No. 654.

Var. eximia; corolla rosea fundo intus immaculata.

R, eximium, Nutt. 1. ¢. p. 304,

- Of all the species of Sikkim Rhododendrons, numbering

nearly thirty, &. Falconeri has proved to be one of the

most hardy in England, and it is at the same time the

largest of the genus, for though often growing as a gre-

garious shrub, it more frequently attains thirty feet in

height, with a truly arboreous habit. Plants raised from.

seeds which I sent home in 1849, grown in the open air,

with no other covering than a mat at night, flowered in

1856, both at Liverpool and Bagshot ; and at the present

time (April) I am informed of trees twenty feet and more

in height being loaded with blossoms in Cornwall and in

Surrey, under no protection whatever. To these attributes

must be added that it is by far the noblest of the hitherto

discovered species ; for neither in Asia nor America dves

any one approach it in sturdiness of trunk and branches,

in the dark green deeply reticulated upper surface of the

coriaceous leaves, which attain a foot in length, or in the

rich rusty-brown woolly clothing of their under-surface and

petiole ; and it has further the largest flowers of those in

which the flowers are disposed in massive trusses.

As with so many of its congeners, it is very variable,

' Octosser Ist, 1893,

and singularly enough the most aberrant varicty is the

plant on which I founded the species, namely, that figured

at t. 10 of “The Rhododendrons of the Sikkim Himalaya.”

This was in truth a starved state of the plant, growing in

a most bleak situation, on the top of Tonglo, a mountain

on the Nepal frontier of Sikkim, 10,000 ft. above the Sea,

and in which the pure white corollas were only 1} in.

across the mouth ; they had no basal purple spot, but had

very large dark brown anthers, and a stigma nearly @

quarter of an inch in diameter. It was in fact one of the

first of the Sikkim Rhododendrons that I had seen, and I

afterwards found it elsewhere in Sikkim abundantly, in the

condition represented at t. 4924 of this work.

Of varieties in colour, the most frequent is from white to

pale lemon-colrd., with or without a deep purple basal

spot within the corolla, then a very pale rose especially as

the buds. The fine pink represented in the accompanying

plate is quite new to me, and may be a characteristic of

the R. evimium of Nuttall of Bhotan, under which name

the specimen was sent to Kew by A. O. Walker, Esq., of

Nant y Glyn, Colwyn Bay, Carnarvonshire. LR. eximium 13,

I need hardly add, cospecific with Falconeri, differing 1

the above-mentioned points, also in often bearing the rich

rusty-brown fluff on the upper surface of the young leaves

up to their full development.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Outer bracts; 2, floral ditto; 3, ovary style and stigma; 4 and 4,

anthers :-—Al/ enlarged.

arene

Vincent Brooks Dey&Sonbap :

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Ma) ny Me Te

bse Ne OD eo

‘ie seen bi 2

\ Fis tarse D

PTT

Meek Hees -

be) aa iin eran eee Teens

ihicedss) aldmepmmuanttal

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Nikisao =

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See.

chivth

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MS.del, J

Tas. 7318.

DOLICHOS, simptictrotivs.

Native of Tropical Africa.

Nat. Ord. Lecuminosm.—Tribe PHASEOLE.

Genus Doticuos, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 540.)

Doticuos simplicifolius ; caudice crasso tuberoso, ramis caulibusve herbaceis

. erectis simpliciusculis foliosis foliisque utrinque pilosulis, foliis 1-folio-

latis brevissime petiolulatis, foliolo spithameo oblongo-lanceolato obtuso

integro tricostato stipulis oblongis obtusis v. subacutis herbaceis, floribus

axillaribus fasciculatis erectis, pedicellis $-pollicaribus floribus zquilongis

pilosis, calycis tubo hemispherico, dentibus brevibus ovatis acutis, 2 su-

perioribus approximatis alterius connatis obtusis, vexillo orbiculari pallide

roseo, alis oblongis apice rotundatis saturate roseis, carina acinaciformi

alis subzequilonga apice acuta.

D. simplicifolius is an aberrant member of a large cos-

mopolitan tropical and subtropical genus which contains

about thirty species, many of which are, from the absence —

of specimens with pods, very ill-defined. The two remark-

able characters of D. simplicifolius are the unifoliolate

leaves, those of all hitherto known species being 3-foliolate,

and the woody tuberous rhizome or caudex, which gives off

annual herbaceous erect stems. This latter character,

Common to several tropical African species, is, I suspect,

to be connected with the conditions under which they exist,

Supposing these to be grass or bush lands annually or

frequently devastated by fire ; for the same habit of growth

1s very frequent in various genera of plants in the regions

of Upper India skirting the base of the Himalaya, the

vegetation of which is frequently burnt.

The tubers of D. simplicifolius were sent to Kew in June,

1892, by John Buchanan, Ksq., C.M.G., along with various

other tubers and bulbs collected in the Shiré Highlands

of tropical S. Africa (lat. about 15°.S., long. 85 E.). Soon

Octozer Isr, 1893.

after arrival it sent up herbaceous stems two to three feet

high, and flowered in a stove in April of the present year.

—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx, stamen and stigma ; 2, sues 8, base of calyx and ovary :

—All enlarged.

M.3.de

IN Fitch lith

LReeve & C2 London,

Vincent Brooks, Day & Son imp: t

Tas, 7319,

CYPRIPEDIUM wonranum.

Native of California,

Nat. Ord. Orncu1pEa2.—Tribe CyprirEepIE&. )

Genus Cyprirepium, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 634.

Cyrrirepium (Foliose) montanum ; glanduloso puberulum, foliis ovato-oblongis

v. oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis, floribus 1-3 sessilibus, bracteis foliaceis,

sepalis labello subduplo longioribus dorso costatis petalisque longioribus

fusco-rubris, dorsali lanceolato acuminato, lateralibus connatis apicibus

liberis, petalis basi intus pilosis, labello oblongo vix a latere compresso

apice rotundato albo purpureo-striato, staminodio stigmate longiore

ovato breviter stipitato aureo rubro-maculato supra sulcato, capsula

erecta.

C. montanum, Dougl. ex Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. p. 528. S. Wats. Bot. of

« Californ. vol. ii. p. 138.

C. occidentale, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. vol. xi. (1876), p. 147. Elwes in

Gard. Chron. (1877), vol. i. p. 725, f. 117. Regel Gartenfl. (1881), p. 35,

t. 1036. Orchidophile (1881), p. 56.

Cypripedium montanum is the representative in Western

America of the common C. pubescens of the Eastern States ;

and is so closely allied to the latter plant that except in

its lip being white (not yellow) and its flowers fragrant,

there is little to distinguish them. And with regard to

the latter character itis to be observed that C. parviflorum

of the Eastern States which has fragrant flowers has by

Some American botanists been regarded as a variety of C.

pubescens, from which, however, it differs in the lip not

being laterally compressed. The only other N. American

Cypripedium with a white lip is O. candidwm of the

Eastern States (Tab. 5855), which has crowded erect

lanceolate leaves, small solitary scentless flowers, and short

green sepals and petals. , :

S. montanwm is described by Sereno Watson as being

common in the mountains of Western North America, from

the Mariposa and Santa Cruz valleys of California to

Washington Territory, flowering in June and July ; but it

OctoBer Isr, 1893.

has a much wider range than this, for it appears to be

common in Vancouver Island and the Fraser river, in

British Columbia (lat. 50° N.), where probably it was

found by Douglas, who discovered the species probably in

the year 1830.

I am indebted to my friend, H. J. Elwes, Esq., F.L.S., of

Colesborne, Andoversford, Gloucestershire, for the speci-

men figured, which that gentleman received from Oregon.

As far as I am aware this species had not previously been

in Cultivation in Europe, nor had it been anywhere figured.

It flowered in April of the present year, and was very

fragrant—J. D. H,

Fig. 1, Front, and 2, side view of colamn :—Both enlarged.

7320,

MS. del, JN Fitch kth.

LReeve am RAL y eee weed.

Tas. 7320.

TILLANDSIA MIOROXIPHION,

Native of Monte Video,

Nat. Ord. Bromettacexz.—Tribe TILLANDSIEA.

Genus Trttanpsta, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, Plant. vol. iii. p. 669.)

Trtanpsta (Anoplophytum) microaiphion; caulibus brevibus strictis erectis

dense foliosis, foliis linearibus strictis pallide viridibus lepidotis facie

canaliculatis dorso rotundatis apice subpungentibus infimis patulis

reliquis ascendentibus, spicis densis paucifloris, bracteis ovatis pallide

rubris calyce brevioribus dorso valde convexis, sepalis oblongis pallidis

cartilagineis, petalis violaceis lingulatis calyce sesqui-longioribus apice

patulis, staminibus petalis multo brevioribus, pistillo staminibus equilongo,

ovario ovoideo, stylo elongato apice stigmatoso tricuspidato.

This is a new species of the large genus Tillandsia,

belonging to the small subgenus Anoplophytum, which is

characterized by its dwarf habit, long style, and few multi-

farious flowers. Of this subgenus (i stricta, Soland (Bot.

Mag. tab. 1529) 7. dianthoidea, Rossi, and T. pulchella,

Hook. (Bot. Mag., Tab. 5229), have long been known in

cultivation. The present plant is nearest 7’. stricta, from

which it differs mainly by its shorter leaves. It was first

found about 1890, during a short visit which he paid to

Monte Video, by Monsieur Edouard André, who is so well

known as an authority on Bromeliacex, and who has dis-

covered and introduced into cultivation so many new

Species. He sent a plant of it to the Royal Gardens, Kew,

at the end of 1890, and it flowered for the first time in

a stove in February, 1893. :

Drscor. Stems short, tufted, erect, densely covered with

leaves. Leaves linear, rigid, pale green, lepidote, about

an inch long, deeply channelled down the face, rounded on

the back, almost pungent at the apex, tg crowded,

the lower spreading, the upper ascending. Inflorescence

a dense terminal few-flowered spike; bracts ovate, pink,

glabrous, longer than the calyx. Sepals oblong, whitish,

Octoser Ist, 1893.

cartilaginous. Petals lingulate, violet-purple, half as long

again as the calyx, spreading at the apex. Stamens much

shorter than the petals. Pistil about as long as the

stamens ; ovary ovoid, style elongated, subulate, tricuspi-

date at the stigmatose apex.—J. G. B.

Fig. 1, Bract and flower; 2, lepidote scales; 3, petal with stamens;

4, ovary ; 5, section of ditto; 6, ovule:—Ad/ enlarged.

7327.

itch. hr

IN.

del INE

LReeve & C° London

Tah. (en,

PHALAANOPSIS rerraspis.

Native of the Andaman Islands.

Nat. Ord. OxrcHIpEx.—Tribe VANDER.

Genus Puatmnopsis, Blume; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 573.)

Puatznopsis, tetraspis; acaulis, foliis 6-12 pollicaribus obovatis v. cuneato-

obovatis apicibus acutis recurvis coriaceis 7-nerviis, scapo foliis breviore

simplici v. ramoso 3-5 flore, floribus 2-2} poll. diam. niveis, sepalis basi

columne insertis oblongo-obovatis obtusis v. subacutis, petalis sepalis

consimilibus at paullo minoribus, labello sessili sepalis breviore, hypo-

chilo brevi appendicibus 2 erectis carnosis truncatis apice retusis aureis

latere exteriore cuspidatis instructo et acu erecta inter-appendices posita,

epichilo lineari recurvo apice 2-lobo supra convexo ultra medium villoso,

columna medio constricta.

P. tetraspis, Reichb. f. Xen. Orchid. vol. ii. p. 146; et in Gard. Chron. (1881),

vol. ii. p. 562, 656. Holfe in Gard. Chron (1886), vol. ii. p. 277. Hook. f.

Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. vi. p. 30. Veitch, Man. Orchid. Part vii. p. 41.

P. tetraspis was, up till the publication of Veitch’s in-

valuable manual of Orchideous plants, a very imperfectly

_ known species. In the “ Flora of British India” I have

alluded to it as having flowers (which I had not seen)

like those. of P. speciosa (also a native of the Andaman

Islands), but waxy-white with two 2-awned basal calli on a

hairy disk.

A comparison with P. speciosa (see Warner, Orchid

Album, vol. iv. t. 158, and Veitch, l.c. p. 38) shows how

strong is the similarity between these species, the chief

botanical difference lying in the structure of the appendages

(or basal lobes) of the lip, which is in P. speciosa simply

truncate with reflexed margins. In colour these species

differ notably, that of speciosa being an amethystine

purple, or rose-purple in some varieties.

According to Veitch, P. tetraspis was discovered some-

where in the Malay Archipelago by Thos. Lobb, and was

first. described by Reichenbach from dried flowers. In

1881 living plants were sent by Major-General Berkeley

to Mr. Bull from the Andaman Islands, where it grows on

OctopeR 1st, 1893.

trees in muddy swamps in great luxuriance. From the

evidence of a drawing made by Col. Lister, lent me from

the Calcutta Herbarium (since the publication of the

Orchids in the “ Flora of British India’’) it is a native of

Chittagong. The plant here figured was sent to Kew in

1892 from Port Blair, in the Andamans, by E. Horace

Man, Esq., C.1.E., Deputy Superintendent, Port Blair and

Nicobars. It flowered in May of the present year.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Lip and column; 2, hypochile and base of epichile; 3, column; |

4, anther ; 5, pollinia :—AJ/ enlarged.

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PAs. 7892;

SENECIO SAGITTIFOLIUS.

Native of Uruguay.

Nat. Ord. Comrosirz.—Tribe SENECIONIDER,

Genus Sevecio, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 446.)

SEnxcto (Jacobea) sagittifolius ; giganteus, herbaceus, elatus, robustus, biennis,

araneosus, caule simplici erecto, foliis radicalibus maximis ovato-cordato-

v. saggittato-lanceolatis acutis crenato-dentatis undulatis in petiolum late

alatum ala pinnati-lobata angustatis, costa infra medium superne alte

bialata alis dentatis, foliis superioribus sessilibus e basi rotundata lan-

ceolatis integerrimis, corymbo maximo ramis pedicellisque patentibus

robustis, capitulis 14-2 poll. latis, involucri laxe lanati calyculati cylin-

dracei bracteis 20-25 linearibus obtusis, ligulis radii 20-40 linearibus

obtusis primulinis tubo triplo longioribus, disci aurei corollis breviter

5-dentatis dentibus erectis, acheniis glabris, pappo non copioso albo.

8. sagittifolius, Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. vol. vi. pars. iii. p. 315. André

in Rev. Hortié. (1892), p. 53, fig. 16,17. Masters in Gard. Chron. (1893),

vol. i. pp. 355, 357, figs. 50, 51.

Very variable as the groundsels are in habit and foliage,

not one of its allies amongst the herbaceous species of

that, vast genus is so remarkable in respect of stature and

size of foliage as S. sagittifolius ; added to which the frills

on the costa of the leaves above are, as far as | am aware,

unique in the genus. Iam indebted to M. André for a re-

production (introduced into our figure) of a photograph of

the plant, which that gentleman exhibited at a meeting of

the Societé Nationale d’Horticulture de France, and which,

he informed me, represents a specimen eight feet in height.

I have not been able to introduce a leaf of the natural size

into the accompanying plate; but one produced at Kew

measured nearly two feet in length, including the winged

petiole ; the blade being one foot by eight inches broad at

the base, and the corymb of flowers was of the latter

breadth. According to the description in Martius’ “ Flora

Brasiliensis,” it attains in its native country twelve feet in

height. There is a graphic representation in the “‘ Revue

-Horticole (1. c.) of a landscape in Uruguay with groups of

Novemper Ist, 1893.

the plant in situ. This is reproduced in ‘‘ The Gardener's

Chronicle.”

S. sagittifolius is most nearly allied to S. Hualtata,

Bertero (in DC. Prodr. vi. 417), a native of ditches in

Chili, a more'slender plant, in which the leaves are fifteen

inches long, of a rhombic hastate form, the heads of flowers

much smaller, and the ray flowers only 10 to 12 in

number.

S. sagittifolius is a native of marshy places in Uruguay,

where it was discovered, I believe, by M. Gibert, an energetic

explorer of the botany of that region, by whom specimens

were sent to the late Sir W. Hooker, which are preserved

in the Kew Herbarium. 1

The specimen here figured was presented to the Roya

Gardens in 1892 by M. André, the introducer of the species,

who found it near Monte Video, growing in marshes. Mr.

Watson, under whom it flowered, in a cool greenhouse,

in March of the present year, informs me that it he

apparently perennial, having sent up new growths from ce

base of the old stem; these, however, perished, after the

flowering of the plant, which did not ripen its seed.—

J.D. H.

Fig. 1, Flowers of ray ; 2, do. of disk; 3, pappus hairy; 4, stamens; 5, sty <

branches :— All enlarged.

7323

A fi , os tod om "

Kage’ oa y

. ti _ ff

. SS ey ff f ¢ ‘

Lf ¢

Saye

M _S.deL JN-Fitch ith.

TAB. 4928;

VERONI CA Fatrrrewpit,

Native of New Zealand.

Nat. Ord. ScropnutaRiInex#.—Tribe DiciTaLEe.

Genus Veronica, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen, Plant. vol. ii. p. 964.)

Veronica (Hebe) Fairfieldii; fruticulus pedalis ramosus, caule ramisque

divaricatis robustis atris, foliis coriaceis petiolatis late ovatis obtusis

crenato-dentatis glaberimis rubro-purpureo marginatis, floribus in spicis

paniculatis breviter pedunculatis glanduloso-puberulis dispositis sessilibus

pallide lilacinis, bracteis calyce brevioribus lineari-oblongis, calycis seg-

mentis angustis linearibus, corolla pallide lilacine tubo brevissimo lobis

sub-zqualibus rotundatis, antheris vix exsertis aureis late ovatis, ovario

piloso.

V. Fairfieldii, Hort. Martin.

The affinities of Veronica Fairfieldit are unquestionably

close with V. Hulkeana (Tab. 5484) and V. Lavaudiana

(Tab. 7210), both small shrubs of the Hebe section, in

which the flowers are sessile, the corolla-tube very short,

its lobes subequal and broad, and the scarcely exserted

anthers are broadly ovate and yellow, and it is in many

respects so curiously intermediate between these two

Species as to suggest a hybrid origin. The short branches,

and the leaves in size, form, petiolation, crenation, and the

purple margins, almost precisely accord with those of V.

Lavaudiana, from which species it differs in the paniculate

(not at all corymbose) inflorescence, and in the colour of

the corolla. On the other hand, the inflorescence and

colour of the corolla are exactly those of V. LMulkeana,

which is a much larger laxly branched species, with dark

green concolorous leaves, one and a half to two inches

long, rounded at the base, and strongly serrate; and with

very short, almost glabrous, calyx-segments.

I regret to say that I can give no further account of the

origin of V. Fairfieldii than that it was received, under

that name, by my friend Dr. Balfour, from Mr. Martin, of

NoveMBER lsv, 1893,

the Fairfield Nursery (New Zealand), and that it is presum-

ably a hybrid. The species does not exist in the Kew Her-

barium, and I have searched in vain through the volumes

of “The Transactions” of “The New Zealand Insti-

tute,” where many lately discovered species have been de- |

scribed, for any account of it. It is one of rich collections

of New Zealand Veronicas in the Edinburgh Botanical

Gardens, when it flowered in May of the present year, as

did a plant of it in my own garden (in Surrey), which was

kindly given me by Dr. Balfour.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Portion of branch of panicle and flowers; 2, calyx and bracts;

3 and 4, stamens; 5, ovary :—Adl enlarged.

7324

Vincent Brooks, Day & San imp

L Reeve & C° London

MS del, JN Fitch lth.

Tas. 7324,

_ ALLOMORPHIA Gurerrrutt.

Native of the Malayan Peninsula,

Nat. Ord. Metastomacez.—Tribe OxysPorez.

Genus AtLomorrurA, Blume ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 752.)

AtLomorpuia Griffithii; herbacea, subacaulis, rhizomate lignescente, foliis

amplis orbicularibus profunde cordatis glanduloso-denticulatis 7-9

costatis clathratim nervosis supra flavo-viridibus subtus roseis nervis

petioloqgue elongato brunneis puberulis, pedunculis strictis elongatis

pedicellisque rubris puberulis, panicula elongata angusta, floribus sub-

verticillatim fasciculatis patulis, calycis tubuloso-campanulati obtuse

4-dentato petalis orbiculatis albis duplo longiore, antheris subulatis basi

profunde 2-fidis, disco tubuloso obtuse breviter 4-lobo, lobis rotundatis

ciliolatis.

A Griffithii, Hook. f. ex Naud. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxviii. p. 74, t. 66, ¢.

C. B. Clarke, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind, vol. ii. p. 527. ‘ogn. Monogr.

Melast. p. 467.

Allomorphia is, a Burmese and Malayan genus of

Melastomacex, established by Blume in 1881, upon a

shrubby species (A. exigua) the Melastoma ewigua of

Jack, which extends from Penang and Malacca to the-

Philippine Islds. ; the specific name, no doubt, applying to

the small size of the flowers. |

To this Bentham (in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. i. p.

485) added a supposed Chinese species, A. pauciflora,

which is however a species of Blastus, and Kurz (in Flora

(1871) p. 290) a Burmese one, A. hispida, which, if his

description of the “ovary adnate to the calyx at the

base only ”’ be correct, can hardly be congeneric (he possibly

mistook a free tubular disk (such as is shown at fig. 4 of

the plate here given of A. Griffithii, for the ovary). I

have seen no specimens of it. A still more doubtful species

is A. ? ovalifolia, Naud. (in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxviii.

p. 74) founded on the Anplectrum ovalifolium, Naud. (in

A. Gray, Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped. vol. i. p. 197) a Fijian

plant. Two other undoubted species, A. wmbellulata,

(Hook. f.) and the subject of this plate made up all that was

Novemser Ist, 1893.

known of the genus, until the very recent (1891) publica-

tion of Cogniaux’s Monograph of Melastomacex, in which

Seventeen species are introduced, many of them Bornean.

A. Grifithit is a very handsome stove plant, of which

there are specimens in the Kew Herbarium, collected by

Col. Walker (so well known for his Ceylon botanical ex-

plorations) half a century ago at Malacca, whence it has

also been sent by Griffith and Maingay.

The specimen here figured arrived at the Royal Gardens

from Penang, in a box of living plants sent by Mr. C.

Curtis, Assistant Superintendent of Gardens and Forests,

in 1892, and it flowered in June of the present year. Mr.

Watson informs me that it grows very slowly.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Flower; 2 and 8, stamens; 4, ovary disk and style; 5, vertical

section of ovary and disk :—AJl enlarged.

7325.

M$.del, JN Fitch lith.

Tas. 7325.

HAPALINE Brownet.

Native of the Malayan Peninsula,

Nat. Ord. Aroripe#.—Tribe Conocasiz&.

Genus Hapatine, Schott; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 977.)

Hapautne Brownei; foliis ovatis ovato-lanceolatisve attenuato-acuminatis

profunde cordatis marginibus crispato-undulatis supra late viridibus

bullatis subtus pallidis, lobis basalibus dimidiam partem laminw wquanti-

bus rotundatis approximatis sinu angusto.

H. Brownei, Hook. f..in Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. vi. p. 520.

Hapaline is a very singular genus of Aroids, two species

of which only are known, H. Benthami and H. Brownei.

These closely resemble one another, differing chiefly in

foliage, the leaf of H. Benthami, which is a native of Burma,

and also of the Malay Peninsula, being hastate, whilst that

of H. Brownei is deeply cordate. Minor differences appear

to exist in the form of the blade of the spathe, that of

Benthami being narrower, and more oblong; but the latter

plant is only known from indifferent dried specimens, and

as the spathe alters somewhat in shape as it opens, much

stress cannot be laid on this character.

The most peculiar characters of Hapaline are the male and

female inflorescences, which though referable to the typical

structures of these organs that prevail in the tribe Culo-

casiex, present extreme forms of these. ‘The male flowers

consist of oblong peltate scales scattered over the upper

exposed part of the spadix, bearing on their under surface,

close to the margin, six or eight most minute globose

anthers. The female flowers consist of solitary ascending

ovaries distantly inserted in the long lower part of the

spadix, where it is adnate to the tube of the spathe which

tightly encloses it.

The species is named after Mr. N. E. Browne, A.L.S.,

Assistant in the Kew Herbarium, an officer distinguished

for his knowledge of Aroids.

Novemser Ist, 1893.

Tubers of H. Brownet were received at the Royal

Gardens from Mr. C. Curtis, who also sent the subject of the

preceding plate (Allomorphia Griffithii), and who discovered

the species presumably in Penang. It flowered in a stove

in May of the present year.—.J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Base of spathe and spadix; 2, male flower seen from beneath;

3, portion of the same with an anther; 4, portion of spadix from the interior of

the tube of the spathe, with two ovules; 5, ovary and portion of spadix cut

vertically, showing the ovule :—A// enlarged.

7326.

ht plvcihaplph tanita

= nae

Vincent Brooks Day & Sonkmp

M.5.del, IN-Atch ith

boy - POR ae gk ee ee

Tas. 7326.

CALCEOLARIA ANDINA.

Native of Chili.

Nat. Ord. ScRropHULARINER.—Tribe C ALCEOLARIE®.

Genus Catcronarta, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 929.)

Catcrotaria (Eucalceolaria) andina; fruticulosa, tota glanduloso-pubescens,

caule ramisque cortice flavido nitido tecto, foliis ovatis obovatisve apice

rotundatis basi in petiolum brevem alatum angustatis crenato-dentatis

supra rugosis nervis impressis, subtus pallidis, costa nervisque validis

elevatis, floralibus parvis ovato-oblongis, panicula ampla corymbiformi

multiflora, sepalis late ovatis, corolla auree labio superiore parvo

sepala vix superante, inferiore triplo longiore et latiore patente late

cuneato-obovato latiore quam longo supra depresso basin versus aperto,

antheris divaricatis, ovario depresso glanduloso-piloso.

C. andina, Benth. in DO. Prodr. vol. x. p. 220. C. Gay Fil. Chil. vol. v.

p. 164.

C. Herbertiana, var. parviflora, Lind/. Bot. Reg. t. 1576.

— Calceolaria andina belongs to a small group of the ex-

tensive genus called Rugose by Bentham, which includes

about seven species, all natives of Chili. The group is (not

very well) distinguished from its allies by being undershrubs

rather than herbs, with ragose-toothed leaves narrowed

into the petiole. OC. rugosa (probably the same as U;

integrifolia, Murray) figured at t. 2523 of this work is a

member of the group, and Bentham refers doubtfully to

it C. alba, Ruiz and Pav., figured at t. 4157. C. andina

differs from all the others in the broad depressed lower

lip of the corolla which is concave above and convex be-

neath, There is a very poor figure of a small-flowered

state of it in the Botanical Register, under the name

of C. Herbertiana var. parviflora, published in 1833, where

It is stated by Lindley that it was raised from seed

collected in the neighbourhood of Valparaiso by Cuming,

and that it flowered in the garden of the Comte de

Vandes. It is a common species in the Chilian Andes, —

and has been collected by many travellers i-th

Novemper 1, 1893.. :

mountains. C. Gay in his Flora of Chili refers O. ver-

bascifolia, Bertero, to it as a variety.

Seeds of C. andina were sent to the Royal Gardens in

1891 by Dr. F. Philippi of Santiago, Chili, an indefatigable

botanist and explorer of the Chilian Andes, they were

sown in pots, in a frame, and of the plants reared, that

here figured flowered in the Alpine Hotise in June of

the present year. Its hardiness, or the contrary, has to

be ascertained.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx and ovary; 2, upper lip of corolla and stamen :—Both

enlarged.

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7327,

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TAB, 782

AMORPHOPHALLUS oncornytuws.

Native of the Andaman Islunds,

Nat. Ord. AnorEa.—Tribe Pyrnontes,

Genus Amorruoruat.us, Blume ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 970.)

AMORPHOPHALLUS oncophyllus; tubere depresso bulbillifero, petiolo lato,

lamingz ample 3-pinnatisecte foliolis lanceolatis basi tuberiferis, spathas

longe-pedunculate tubo late ovoideo basi rotundato albido viridi striato

et maculato, limbo oblongo v. orbiculari-ovato inclinato v. recurvo rufo- .

purpureo maculis aureis medio virescentibus ornato, marginibus orem

cingentibus revolutis, spadice sessile, inflorescentia mascula foomineam

zquante, appendice crasso inflorescentiam totam squante conoideo

stramineo, antheris brevibus, ovario 2-3-loculari, stigmatibus subsessilibus

erassis 2-3-lobis.

A. oncophyllus, Prain mss., ex Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. vi. p. 576.

A strikingly handsome species, attaining a great size.

According to a drawing made by a native artist in Calcutta,

the tuberous root is ten inches in diameter, the petiole attains

two to three ft. in height, and an inch in diameter, and is of

a dark green blotched with greenish white. The leaf blade

is three and a half feet in diameter, with leaflets six to eight

inches long; the peduncle is about half the length of the

petiole, but lengthened in the fruiting stage, and the spathe

attains nearly a foot in length, its tube 3 in diam. and the

blade 7 inches; the spadix also is a foot long, with the

_ appendage 23 in. diam. and 7 in.in length. The colour of

the spathe is much deeper brown purple than in the Kew

plant, and the spots are pure‘yellow. Some allowance

for these figures may have to be made, due to the preva-

lent habit of exaggerating dimensions which is a besetting

sin of native artists. The specimen here figured flowered

at Kew, and doubtless represents only a small state of the

_ plant (as is to be expected in the first evolution of leaves and

_ flowers from a root weakened by transport from India).

The height of the flowering peduncle of the Kew plant

was nine inches, and its diameter three-fourths of an inch.

December Ist, 1893.

The tube of the spathe was two inches in diameter, and its

height about three inches, the limb rather longer. The

total height of the spadix eight inches, and diameter of the

golden yellow appendage one and a quarter inch. The

whole inflorescence equals the appendage in length, and its

male portion, which is yellow, is as long as the green female.

(The ovaries in the Calcutta drawing are yellow with red

bases. )

A. oncophyllus belongs to a small group of the genus

with very short styles, and a spadix much exceeding

the spathe, which contains five species, all natives of

Burma (to which country the Andamans botanically be-

long) and the Malayan Peninsula. All of these are

described for the first time in the recently published nine-

teenth part of “The Flora of British India.” Along with —

A. oncophyllus Dr. King has sent, also from the Anda-

mans, tubers of another magnificent species found by Dr.

Prain, which is closely allied to A. campanulatus (A. viro-

sus, N. H. Br. Tab. t. 6978), and is the A. Rew, Prain

(Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 514), which is figured by Blume in his

Rumphia (i. t. 82, 83), and there wrongly referred to the

Indian A. campanulatus. ;

A. oncophyllus was discovered by Dr. Prain, Curator

of the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Calcutta, on

the Cocos Islets, a group of the Andaman Archipelago,

early in the present year. Tubers of it were received

at Kew from Calcutta in March, and flowered in the

following May. Mr. Watson informs me that its odour

was the most vile of any of its notoriously evil-smelling

congeners, and that visitors rushed through the “ Begonia

house,” in which it was exhibited, to escape from it.—

7. D. H.

Fig. 1, spadix ; 2 and 3, stamens; 4, ovary ; 5, the same cut vertically, and

6, transversely ; 7 pee 2 ‘ : :

greatly phir sei » ovule ;—all enlarged :—8, flowering scape and inflorescence,

7328.

Vincent Brooke Day & Son imp

L Reeve &C® London.

Tas. 73828.

ABUTILON VITIFOLIUM.

Native of Chili.

Nat. Ord. Matvacez.—Tribe Matvem,

Genus AButiton, Gertn.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. i. p. 204.)

AsutTiton vitifolium; arbuscula, ramulis crassiusculis petiolis foliis subtus

pedunculis calycibusque pube floccoso niveo tomentosis, foliis amplis

orbiculari-ovatis profunde cordatis breviter 5-lobis et multi-lobulatis

supra rugosis, lobis ovatis subacutis crenatis, nervis subtus elevatis,

floribus 2-3} poll.-diam. albidis in pedunculos axillares subcorymbosis,

calycibus herbaceis irregulariter figgis, petalis late cuneato-orbiculatis

striatis, staminum phalangibus petalis multo brevioribus, antheris parvis

croceis, ovario hirsuto, stylis ad 10 stigmatibus oblongis.

A. vitifolium, Presl. Rel. Henk. vol. ii. p. 116. Lindl. Bot. Reg. vol. xxvi. (1840),

Mise. p. 52, n. 114; et vol. xxx. (1844), t. 57. O. Gay, Fl. Chil. vol. i.

p. 332. Masters, Gard. Chron. 1889, vol. ii. p. 156, f. 21.

Spa vitrroma, Cavan. Ic. vol. v. t. 428. DO. Prodr. vol. i. p 471. Hook.

& Arn. Bot. Beech, Voy. p. 12.

The earliest notice of this strikingly handsome plant as

being in cultivation in Europe was in 1848, by Dr. Lindley,

in the Botanical Register cited above. It is there stated to

have been introduced by Captain Cottingham, a zealous

Irish horticulturist, who raised it in 1836, and sent a plant

to Mr. Mackay, Curator of the College Botanic Gardens,

Dublin. Mr. Mackay informed Dr. Lindley that it had

stood for three years in the College Gardens, in a south

border, without protection of any kind, and flowered pro-

fusely ; adding that it formed a handsome small tree, about

six feet high, and that it probably grows to a much greater

size in Chili, which is its native country. In 1844 Lindley

published a magnificent plate of it from a drawing by Miss

Drake, and says of it that with us (alluding no doubt to the

Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society) it does not

prove fit for the open ground, and that it should be planted

in a large tub, or in the ground in a_ conservatory.

Nothing further seems to have been heard of it as a garden

plant till Mr. Gumbleton, in 1889, sent a specimen from

Dercemper Ist, 1893.

his garden at Belmont, near Cork, to Dr. Masters, who

figured it as var. alba, being unaware that the flowers

are (though described by Cavanilles as red) normally white,

changing to pale azure as they fade. As observed in

“Genera Plantarum,” A. vitifoliwm differs from the normal

Abutilons in the clavate branches of the style, which are

shortly stigmatic.

For the specimen figured I am indebted to Mr. Morris

(Assistant Director of Kew) who informs me that he saw

it “in the interesting garden of Jonathan Rashleigh, Esq.,

at Menabilly, Cornwall, on the 26th April last. The plant

was a large bush 8 to 10 ft. high, and completely covered

with beautiful white flowers. Mr. Rashleigh knew it as

Abutilun Veitchianum, but at my request he sent a specimen

to Kew for determination, and also to show the luxuriant

character of the plant in Cornwall.” It is a native of

Chili, from the latitude of Concepcion to that of Chiloe.

Mr. Watson informs me that it is a short-lived plant under

cultivation.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Stellate hairs; 2, stamens; 3, ovary :—AJ/ enlarged.

13295

MS. del, JNPitch lth

Tas. 7329.

ERIA Metrax.

Native of the Himalaya Mts. and Burma.

Nat. Ord. Oncuipra.—Tribe Errpenprea,.

Genus Erta, Lindl.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 509.)

Erta (Porpax) Meirax; pumila, pseudobulbis aggregatis depresso-globosis

fere disciformibus brunneis vaginis pellucidis reticulatis arcte appressis

tunicatis, foliis binis parvis ad basin pseudobulbi post flores enatis

oblongis oblongo-lanceolatisve coriaceis medio sulcatis, floribus apicibus

pseudobulborum solitaris brevissime pedicellatis decurvis, bracteis oblongis

aristato-acuminatis, sepalis in tubum incurvumbasi gibbosum glaberrimum

3-lobum confluentibus, lobis equalibus, petalis late ovatis acutis, petalis

tubo calycino inclusis oblongo-spathulatis acutis, labello stipitato, lamina

orbiculari apice contracto obtuso, columna brevissima.

E. Meirax, N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. (1880), vol. ii. p. 608. Hook. f. Fl.

Brit. Ind, vol. vi. p. 786.

E. Elwesii, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. (1888), vol. i. p. 402.

Cryptochilus Meirax, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn, Soc. vol. xxx. p. 148.

A very singular little orchid, discovered by the Rev.

Mr. Parish ‘in the Moulmein Hills, Tenasserim, and sub-

sequently found in the Sikkim Himalaya by Mr. Elwes.

It belongs to a very small section of Hria, of which Lindley

constituted a genus, calling it Porpaz (from a Greek word

signifying the handle of a shield, the application of which

is not obvious), and.of which there are now five known

Indian species, distinguished by their small size, depressed

2-leaved pseudobulbs clothed with reticulate sheaths, small

sessile leaves, one or few flowers situated on the top of

the pseudobulb, and very short column. Reichenbach re-

ferred H. Meirax and two others of the group to Wallich’s

genus Cryptochilus, to which, indeed, in the structure of the

: pa and perianth they bear a very strong resemblance.

Wight gave to one Malabar species the generic name of

_ Aggeianthus, from the resemblance of the perianth to a vase ;

and to another Lichenora, from the depressed flat pseudo-

bulbs, recalling a Lichen in appearance.

Drcemaer Isr, 1898.

In the “ Flora of British India” I have stated that Bria

is perhaps the most polymorphous genus of Orchids, and

yet is very difficult of division into groups with defined

limits. Of these there are thirteen in India, embracing

ninety-three species. Altogether one hundred and fifty —

species are described, upon which twenty genera have been

established.

i, Meiraz was received at Kew from Mr. Elwes in 1881,

and has flowered annually on a block of wood in the tropical

house. The specimen here figured was communicated by

Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., of Hildenley Hall, York-

shire, in 1891. It flowered in December, 1892, and formed

its leaves in the following May.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Pseudobulbs; 2 and 3, flowers; 4, flower with half the calyx

removed; 5, petal; 6, lip; 7, column; 8 and 9, anther; 10, pollinia :—Ad/

enlarged.

7330

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M.S.del IN Fitchiith.

Vincent Brooks,Day &SonImp

2 is > pees mae YN See ies

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“EULOPHIA Zeyuert.

Native of South Africa.

Nat. Ord. Orcuiprz.—Tribe VanpDEm.

Genus Evropni, Br.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 535 )

Evroruia Zeyheri; foliis post anthesin enatis elongato-ensiformibus acuminatis,

scapo remote vaginato apice florifero, floribus confertim racemosis sub-

sessilibus amplis aureis labello intus purpureo, sepalis oblongis acu-

minatis acutis petalisque paulo minoribus erecto-patulis, labello basi

breviter obtuse calcarato column basi adnato, lobis lateralibus parvis

rotundatis erectis terminali amplo rotundato concavo, disco inter lobos

laterales cristis 2 tomentellis apicibus uncinatis ornato, lobi terminalis

disco setis erectis sparso, columna crassiuscula concava, anthera parva

obovoidea, polliniis late oblongis ope stipitis late glandule disciformi

affixa.

E. bicolor, Reichb. f. & Sond. ex Reichb. f. in Flora, vol. xlviii. (1865), 186,

partim (non Blume).

The name ulophia bicolor given to this plant by

Reichenbach is an unfortunate one, applying to four very

distinct plants. First by Blume in 1857 (Orchid. Archipel.

Ind. p. 181, t.) to a Timor species; then in 1857 by

Dalzell (in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vol. iii. p. 843) to an

Indian; and lastly by Reichenbach and Sonder (in Flora,

xlviii. p. 186) to two species, an Eastern and a Western

African, supposed by the authors to be the same. It is

very unlike the German Orchidologist to have overlooked

Blume’s excellent figure and elaborate description, but so

it is, and Blume’s name must stand for the Timor plant,

though it has been placed by Mr. Ridley in Cyrtopodium*

(Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xxi. p. 472). With regard to

Dalzell’s bicolor, I have included it under H. nutans in the

Flora of British India.

* In doing this, Mr. Ridley followed the “Genera Plantarum,” where

Cyrtopera (a section of Eulophia) is erroneously referred to Cyrtopodium.

A full account of the course agreed upon by Prof. Oliver, Mr. Bolus, Mr. N. E.

Brown and myself, of removing Cyrtopera from Cyrtopodium, and uniting

it together with Lissochilus to Eulophia is given in Bolus’s “ Orchids of the

Cape Peninsula” (offprint from Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. v. part i. (1883),

p- 104). Eulophia is strictly an Old World genus; and all the Cyrtopodia are

American,

Decemper 1st, 1893.

The African H. bicolor is founded primarily on an

Angolan plant of Welwitsch, under which its authors in-

cluded a Natal one, the subject of the present plate, and

which I have named HL. Zeyheri, after its discoverer, the

German collector Zeyher ; and the Angolan one may appro-

priately bear the name EF. Welwitschii, after its discoverer.

Though very much alike in many characters, of the flower

especially, H. Welwitschii may be at once distinguished by

its closely sheathed scapes, long racemes of flowers, and

many-nerved leaves two and a half inches broad. In

Lf. Zeyheri, on the other hand, the leaves hardly an inch

broad are 3-nerved, and the flowers are arranged in sub-

corymbose head, as in H. ensata, Lindl. (Bot. Reg. t. 1147),

and other species from the same region of Africa. In fact,

fj. Zeyheri is much more nearly allied to H. ensata than to

H. Welwitschii, differing chiefly in the much larger flowers

and orbicular (not oblong) midlobe of the lip.

I am indebted to my friend, H. J. Elwes, Esq., F.S.L.,

of Colesbourne, Andoversford, Gloucestershire, for the

specimen here figured, which flowered with him in April

of this year, and perfected its leaves in the following

June. It is a native of Natal and British Caffraria.

_ Deser.—A stout glabrous tuberous-rooted Orchid, 12-18

inches high, flowering before leafing. Leaves as long as

the scape, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, plaited, with

three principal nerves. Scape as thick as a goose-quill,

sparingly sheathed. Flowers crowded at the top of the

Scape, pale golden-yellow, with dark purple side lobes and

base of the lip. Sepals one and a half inch by two-thirds of

an inch and rather smaller petals oblong acuminate. Lip

adnate to the base of the column, and produced behind into

a short obtuse spur; side lobes small, rounded, erect ; mid-

lobe large orbicular concave with numerous soft bristles

on the disk ; two tomentose ridges are situated between the

side lobes, each ending ina hook. Ovlwmn broad, hollow

in front. Anther rather small.—J. D. H. j

Fig. 1, Lip and column; 2, lip; 8, column and spur of lip; 4, anther;

5, pollinia :—AJZ enlarged. eisai J .

7387,

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Bae Po ngatms

MS.del, INFitoh hth

Vincent Brodks,Day& Son imp

Tas. 73381.

PROTEA RuHopanTHa.

Native of the Transvaal.

Nat. Ord. Prorgace#.—Tribe PRotreea.

Genus Prorza, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant. vol. iii. p. 169.)

Protea rhodantha; fruiticulus nanus erectus glaber, caule simplici brunneo

maculato basi tuberoso, foliis sessilibus lineari-oblongis apice rotundatis

immarginatis basi angustatis venosis, capitulo terminalr amplo 3-poll.

diam., latissime turbinato glabro basi in pedunculum brevem obconicum

bracteolis parvis dense imbricatis viridibus brunneo marginatis tectum

repente attenuato, bracteis patulis, inferioribus latissime obovatis obtusis

roseis viridi costatis marginatisque, intimis sensim longioribus oblongis

concavis apice rotundatis pulchre roseis, calycis semipollicaris tubo in-

ferne glabro marginibus superne lobisque sericeo-pilosis, antheris 3 poll.

longis rubris, stylo gracili recto, stigmato-elongato gracili cylindraceo.

I have vainly attempted to identify this beautiful plant

with any of the sixty-six African Proteas described in De

Candolle’s Prodromus by the late Dr. Meissner, or with any

contained in the rich herbarium of Kew. It belongs to

Meissner’s first section of the genus “ Caulescentes,” with

erect stems and terminal heads, and to the subsection in

which the involucral bracts are not bearded; but none of

the species described under this section, nor indeed has

any described species of the genus been discovered in

a locality nearly so far North as the habitat of P. rhodantha,

namely, Pilgrim’s Rest, on the west of the Transvaal

Drakensberge, in lat. 25° S. and long. 31° EH. As regards

this Drakensberge region, Mr. Bolus informs me that it

abounds in rocky defiles where Proteacex are a marked

feature in the landscape, and that it has been very imper-

fectly explored. When it is considered that the same

mountain range extends into the hitherto botanically unex-

plored Matabele Land, it is obvious that a multitude of

new plants remain to reward the first botanical traveller

who visits it.

With regard to Protea itself, the genus cannot be satis-

December 1, 1893.

factorily worked up, except from the living plants in South

Africa, and by a ‘botanist who will devote some years to

their study. Herbarium specimens are insufficient for the

purpose; Museum space is necessary for the accommodation

of such portions of each species as would afford materials

for study, and these should be accompanied by photographs

of the whole plant from which they are taken. Now that

the vegetation of South Africa has been so well harvested

in the main, it is quite time that local botanists should

take up special branches, as Mr. Bolus has the Orchids;.

and I can imagine no more interesting field of research

amongst the hard-wooded plants of the 8. African Colonies

than the Proteaccex afford.

_ Protea rhodantha was raised at Kew from seeds presented,

with others, by W. J. Horn, Esq., of Balham, in 1886.

It flowered after attaining a height of 18 inches, in May of

the present year.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Flower ; 2, base of larger perianth-segment ; 3, upper part of ditto —

with anthers ; 4, pistil; 5, section of ovary with ovule :—AJ// enlarged.

INDEX

To Vol. XLIX. of the Tumrp Ssriss, or Vol. a of

the whole Work.

7328 Abutilon vitifolium.

7302 Acanthorhiza aculeata.

7294 Allium cabulicum.

7290 ~=~=,4, . kansunense.* ~

7324 Allomorphia Griffithii.

7327 Amorphophellus oncophyllus.

7297 Anthurium Chamberlaini.

7285 Antirrhinum glutinosum.

7313 Armeria latifolia,

7284 Arundina bambusefolia.

7312 Bauhinia variegata var. can-

dida.

7309 Brownleea ccerulea.

7283 Bulbophyllum comosum.

7286 A Pechei.

7329 Calceolaria andina.

7274 Caralluma campanulata,

7288 Carex baccans.

7287 Cattleya iricolor.

7278 Cococypselum hirsutum.

7306 Crotalaria longirostrata.

7275 Cypripedium fascieulatum.

7319 5 montanum.

7318 Dolichos simplicifolius.

7273 Epidendrum spondiadum.

7329 Eria Meirax.

7330 Eulophia Zeyheri.

7291 Exarrhena macrantha.

7292 Gladiolus oppositiflorus.

7325 Hapaline Brownei.

7310 Tlex eonocarpa.

7276 Iris Hookeriana.

7293 Kniphofia modesta.

7303 Lasiosiphon anthylloides.

| 7279 Mammillaria prismatica.

7314 Megaclinium minutum.

7304 Miscanthus sinensis.

7311 Musa Mannii.

7272 Nemesia strumosa,

7307 Phajus tuberculosus.

7321 Phalenopsis tetraspis.

7331 Protea rhodantha.

7282 Rhaphidophora decursiva.

7317 Rhododendron Falconeri, var.

eximia,

7301 Rhododendron racemosum.

7289 Satyrium ccoriifolium var’.

maculatum.

cf | See sphrocarpum.

7315 Saxifraga media.

7316 Schizocodon soldanelloides.

| 7322 Senecio sagittifolius.

7308 Spherolobium grandiflorum,

7277 Stevensonia grandifolia,

7298 Symphyandra Hofmanni.

7299 Tacca pinnatitida

7300. 9

7320 Tillandsia microxiphion.

7281 Trichopilia sanguinolenta.

7280 Tritonia rosea.

7305 Vaccinium padifolium.

7296 Veronica Colensoi.

7323 » Fairfieldii.

! * Read kansnense.—J. G. B.

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