THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS

VOL. XXII.

MAY, 19O8, to APRIL, 19O9.

EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS :

H. A. PILSBRY, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences,

PHILADELPHIA.

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History,

BOSTON.

INDEX

TO

THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XXIL

INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES.

Acharax Dall, n. gen. of Solemj'a ..... 2

Achatinellidse, Description of new species of . . .67

Acteon pompilius var. multannulatus Aldr., n. var. (PL V,

fig. 11) 76

Alabama, A week at Claiborne ...... 98

Alcadia pusilla intermedia Pils., n. var. . . ... 96

Amnicolidse from Alabama ...... 85

Ampulla Bolten, Type of 83

Ancey, C. F. (obituary, portrait) 11

Andrews, Mrs. George (obituary) 60

Area (Barbatia) lignitifera Aldr. (PI. V, figs. 6,7) . .75

Ashmunella kochii Clapp, n. sp. (PI. Till, fig. 1-3) . . 77

Bifidaria armifera Say ...... 52, 108, 110

Bifidaria bilamellata Sterki & Clapp, n. sp. (PL Till, fig. 7). 126

Bifidaria (Chsenaxis) tuba intuscostata Clapp, n. sub. sp.

(PL Til) 76, 96

Bifidaria clappi Sterki, n. sp. (PL Till, fig. 4) . . .108

Bittium hiloense Pils. & Tan., n. sp. (fig. 1) . . .56

Brachiopods, Some new 28

Caecum johnsoni Winkle}', n, sp. . . . . .54

California!! Mollusks, Miscellaneous notes on . .37

Cancellaria ? sotoensis Aldr., (PL T, fig. 3) . . .74

Chloritis tosanus okiensis Pils. & Hir. . . . .44

Clappia clappi Walker, n. sp. (PL VI, figs. 1, 4, 7) . .89

(iii)

IV THE NAUTILUS.

Clappia, n. gen .89

Corbula clarksana Aid., n. sp. (PI. V, figs. 4, 5) . . 74

Ccelocentrurn hinkleyi Pils., n. sp. . . . 138

Coelocentrum ischnostele Pils., n. sp. . . . . 139

Coryphella mananensis Stimp. ...... 15

Cratena gymnota (Couth.) ....... 15

Cuban notes . ....... 3

Cypraea annettse Dall, n. n. . . . . - . . 125

Cypraea californiana Gray ....... 126

Cyprsea caputdraconis Nielv. ...... 126

Cyprsea costispunctata Gask. ...... 126

Cyprsea gracilis, Notes on . . . . . . .10

Cyprsea miliaris var. nivea Preston, n. var. . . . 121

Cypraga robertsi Hid. ........ 125

Cypraea sowerbyi Kien. . . . . . . .125

Cyprsea xanthodon var. carnicolor Preston, n. var. . . 121

Danish Molluscan fauna, A small addition to the knowledge

of the 54

Dendronotus frondosus ....... 15

Diplommatina okiensis Pils. & Hir. . . . . .43

Euglandina liebmanni (Pfr.) ...... 114

Epitonium (Acrilla) atwoodi Dall., n. sp. . . . .80

Erato albescens Dall 126

Euconulus fulvus and E. trochiformis . . . .25

Exotic Vivipara in California ...... 33

Facelina bostonensis Couth. ...... 16

False shells 70

Ferguson, David W. (obituary) 124

Ganeaella ferruginea okiensis Pils. & Hir., n. subsp. . . 44

Ganesella myomphala euomphala Pils. & Hir. . . .44

Helicostyla leucophthalma togolandensis Pils., n. subsp.

(PI. IV, figs. 5, 6) 47

Helix arbustorum var. roseolabiata . . . . .72

Helix hortensis, A note on 30, 52

Heron held prisoner by a clam ...... 82

Holospira bartschi Pils. & Clapp, n. sp. (PI. VIII, figs. 5, 6). 114

Holospira goldmani Bartsch. . . . . . .115

Homalog}'ra atomus in New England . . . .95

Hyriine and Uniouinse, Remarks on the subfamilies . .106

THE ] NAUTILUS. V

lanthina globosa in California ...... 37

Japan, Land shells of the Oki Islands . . . .41

Kaliella okiensis Pils. & Hir., n. sp. . . . . .45

Kaliella gsetanoi Pils. & Van., n. sp. (fig. 1) . . .73

Kellia interstriata Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. V, figs. 1,2). .74

Kendig, Rev. A. B. (obituary) Ill

Lamellidoris aspera ........ 15

Laminella aspersa Baldwin, n. sp. . . . .68

Laminella duoplicata Baldwin, n. sp. . . . . .68

Lampsilis iridella Pils. & Frierson, n. sp. . . . . 81

Laqueus morsei Dall, n. sp. ...... 29

Lepton vaughani Aldr., n. sp. (PI. V, fig. 12) . . .76

Leptopoma tagolandense Pils., n. sp. (PI. IV, fig. 1,2) . 46

Leptopoma tagolandense var. iinmaculata Pils., n. var. . 46

Limax flavus ......... 66

Littorina, The development of . . . . . .83

Lymnrea bakeri Walker, n. sp. (PI. II, figs. 11, 12) . . 18

Lymnsea cubensis Pfr. . . . . . . 7, 19

Lymnsea cyclostoma Walker, n. sp. (PL II, fig. 4) . 7,19

Lymntea davisi Walker, n, sp. (PI. II, figs. 9, 10) . .17

Lymneea desidiosa (PL II ; PL III) . . . 18, 20

Lymnaga desidiosa var. peninsulse Walker, n. var. (PL II,

fig. 7) 9, 16

Lymnaea florissantica Cockerell, n. sp. . . . . 69

Lymnrea hendersoni Baker, n. sp. . . . . .140

Lymnsea marginata ....... 5, 18

Lymnaea obrussa Say . . . . . . . .22

Lymneea palustris, Formation of epiphragm by . . .33

Lymnaea petoskeyensis Walker, n. sp. (PL I, figs. 3, 5, 7). 6, 18

Lyinnrea pilsbiyana Walker, n. sp. (PL I, figs. 2, 8, 11). 4, 18

Lymnaea stagnalis var. perampla Walker, n. var. (PL II,

figs. 5, 6) 8, 19

Lymnsea umbilicata . . . . . . . 7, 19

Lymuaeas, New Michigan . . . . . . 4, 16

Maine, Additional shells found in Aroostook County . 19

Maine, Fossil and living shells found in Little Mud Lake,

Westland (Aroostook County) ..... 105

Martyn's Universal Conchology . . . . . .72

Meseschiza grosvenorii Lea . . . . . .56

VI THE NAUTILUS.

Mexico, Notes on shells collected at Balsas . . .114

Minnesota Mollusks, Records of 119

Mitramorpha eocenensis Aldrich, n. sp. (fig.) . . .13

Mollusca of Keene, New Hampshire 32

Nason collection 10

Nassa perpinguis var. bifasciata Berry, n. var. . . .39

New England fauna, Shells new to the . . . .95

New Mexico, Mollusks from around Albuquerque . . 103

Nitidella hendersoni Dall., n. sp. ..... 31

Notes and news . . . .10, 33, 59, 71, 82, 95, 122

Nudibrauch records, Two interesting New England . . 13

Opisthobranchiata, Northern 23

Palio lessonii 15, 16

Paludestrina salsa Pils 53, 82

Partulina mutabilis Baldwin, n. sp. . . . . .68

Partulina winniei Baldwin, n. sp. ..... 67

Pearl hunting in the Fox River, Illinois .... 122

Petrasma Dall., n. subgenus of Solemya .... 2

Pholadomya pacifica Dall., n. sp. . . . . 115, 142

Physa sayi 19

Pisidiuin in Massachusetts . . . . . . .113

Planorbis bicarinatus . . . . . . . .122

Planorbis bicarinatus portagensis Baker, n. var. . . .45

Pleurobema tornbigbeanum Frierson, n. sp. (PL III). . 27

Polygyra inatermontana Pils. . . . . . .114

Polygyra mooreana 66

Publications received 34, 47, 83, 96, 122

Pyrgulopsis wabashensis ....... 56

San Diego, Mollusca dredged at ..... 134

Scala, Another large miocene . . . . . .80

Shells collected at Balsas, Guerrero, Mexico, by Walter E.

Koch in Dec., 1908 114

Showalter collection . . . . . . . .117

Sicily, Shells of 128

Sigaretus (Eunaticina) erectoides Aldr., n. sp. (PI. Y, figs.

8, 9) . . . . . . . . . .75

Solemya 1, 2

Solemya (Acharax) bartschii Dall., n. sp. . . . .61

Solenomyacidse, A revision of the ... 1

THE NAUTILUS. Vll

Somatogyrus decipiens Walker, n. sp. (PI. VI, figs. 10, 11). 86

Somatogyrus hendersoni Walker, n. sp. (PL VI, fig. 2) . 87

Somatogyrus hinkleyi Walker, n. sp. (PL VI, figs. 8, 9) . 87

Somatogyrus pygmseus Walker, n. sp. (PL VI, fig. 3) . 88

Sphaerium pilsbryanum Sterki, n. sp. . ... . . 141

Strange shells . . . . ... . . . 110

Strobilops, Notes on the genus 78

Strobilops quadrasi and S. trochospira . . . .79

Stylommatophora, Some notes on the locomotive disk of . 49

Tagolanda, Land shells of . . . . . . .46

Terebratula (Liothyris) sakhalinensis Ball., n. sp. . . 28

Texas, List of the shells from Amarillo .... 9

Texas, Mollusca of McLennan County . . . .63

Torinia discoidea sterkii Pils. & Van., n. subsp. (fig. 2) . 57

Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa Pils. & Hir., n. subsp. . 43

Trivia galapagensis, Notes on . . . . .11

Trivia mangeriae, Note on . . . . . . .10

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) gabbiana . . . . .39

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) thaanumi Pils. & Van., n. subsp,

(fig. 3) . . 58

Unionidae, Supplementary notes on the breeding seasons

of the Ill

Unionidse in Pennsylvania, The breeding season of 91, 99

Unioninse and Hyriinae, Remarks on the sub-families . 106

Valvata humeralis californica Pils., n. subsp. . . .82

Verrill collection ........ 33

Verticordia (Haliris) granuloides Aldr., n. sp. (PI. V, fig. 10). 75

Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, n. sp. . . . . . . 107

Vesicomya ticaonica Ball., n. sp. . . . . .63

Vivipara lecythoides Bens, in California . . . .33

Waldheimia raphealis var. albida . . . . .30

Yates, Br. Lorenzo G. (obituary) 124

INDEX TO AUTHORS.

Aldrich, T. H. . . 13, 74

Baker, F. C 20, 45, 140

Balch, Francis N 13, 59

Baldwin, D. D. 67

Berry, S. S I . . . 37, 72

Bryant, Owen ......... 82

Button, Fred. L 10, 11

Clapp, Geo. H 76, 114

Cockerell, T. D. A 69, 72

Conner, Chas. H. . Ill

Coolidge, Jr., Win. H. 32

Dall, W. H 1,28,31,51,80,115,125,142

Daniels, L. E . .119

Ferriss, J. H 103

Frierson, L. S 27, 81, 106

Gripp, C. W 134

Hannibal, Harold ......... 33

Henderson, Jr., J. B. . . . . . . 3, 9

Hinklev, Anson A. ........ 56

K *

Hirase, Y. .......... 41

Johnson, C. W 70, 123

Keene, L. A . 122

Macfarland, F. M 23

Morse, Edward S. ........ 95

Nylander, Olof 0 19,30,105,143

Ortmann, A. E 91,99

Pilsbry, H. A., 25, 41, 46, 56, 73, 78, 81, 83, 96, 103, 115, 123, 138

Preston, H. B .121

Schlesch, Hans ......... 54

Smith, Maxwell 128

Smith, H. H ... 117

Sterki, V 49, 107, 126, 141

Strecker, Jr., John K. ... .... 63

Vanatta, E. G 56, 73

Walker, Bryant . . . . . . • . 4, 16, 85

Walker, R. D .32

Wheeler, Rev. H. E .97

Winkley, Rev. Henry W 53, 54, 113

Oil.)

C. F. ANCEY

1800-190(5

THE NAUTILUS.

Vol.. XXII. MAY, 19O8. No. 1.

A REVISION OF THE SOLENOMYACID2E.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Having recently to review the species of the Lamarckian genus

Solemya, and having nearly all the known species for study it was a

surprise to find that the group contains three well marked subgenera

and several subordinate sections. A full account is in preparation,

meanwhile the following synopsis may serve to call attention to the

subject :

Genus SOLKMYA Lamarck, 1818.

I. Subgenus Solemya s. s.

Ligament amphidetic, chiefly internal. Type -S. australis La-

marck.

Ligament appearing on the internal face of the valve in advance

of the chondrophore.

A. Proximal part of the chondrophore prolonged as a thickened

ridge part way across the interior surface of the valve, S. australis

Lam.

B. Base of the chondrophore divided, anterior part extended as a

narrow ridge ; posterior part forming a thickened prop to the chon-

drophore ; exposed ligament linear. £ parkinsonii Gray.

C. Chondrophore thickened, without props or extended rib. S.

solen v. Salis.

2 THE NAUTILUS.

II. Subgenus Petrasma Dall, nov. Ligament not exposed inter-

nally in front of the chondrophore ; type S. borealis Totten.

A. Chondrophore supported by two strong props with a deep

cavity between them.

1. S. borealis Totten.

2. S. velum Say.

B. Chondrophore with an anterior prop extended as a slender rib

in front of the adductor scar ; no posterior prop.

1. S. occidentalis Deshayes.

2. S. pusilla Gould.

3. S. panamensis Dall, n. sp.

C. Chondrophore without props. S. volvulus Carpenter.

III. Subgenus Acharax Dall, nov.

Ligament opisthodetic, wholly external, visible internally only

where it crosses the gap between the margins of the valves. Nymphg

without props. Type S.johnsoni Dall.

1. S.johnsoni Dall.

2. S. patagonica E. A. Smith.

3. S. agassizii Dall, n, sp.

4. S. ventricosa Conrad, fossil.

5. S. grandis Verrill and Bush.

NOTES. — S. togata (Poli) auct., and S. mediterranealuamarck, are

synonyms of S. solen. S.jctponica Dunker, is the adult of S. pusilla

Gould. S. macrodactyla Rochebrune and Mabille is probably identi-

cal with S. patagonica, though the unique type of the latter seems

pathologically callous dorsally.

S. protexta Conrad, if not the young of S. ventricosa Conrad, from

the Miocene of Oregon, probably belongs to Petrasma.

S. occidentalis Deshayes, is common to the Mediterranean, West

Indies and Gulf of Mexico. S. panamensis extends from off Santa

Barbara, Cal., to Panama Bay ; S. valvulus Carpenter, from San

Pedro, Cal., to the Gulf of California ; S. agassizii from off Tilla-

mook Bay, Oregon, south to Aguja Point, Peru, in 1036-1800

fathoms, and S. johnsoni Dall, from Puget Sound to Panama Bay

in 60 to 1740 fathoms.

The rarity of these species, and the fact that they usually break up

into fragments in drying, are probably the reasons why the remark-

able differences between the hinges of the different species have not

previously attracted attention.

THE NAUTILUS. 3

CUBAN NOTES.

BY J. IJ. HENDERSON, .IK.

Mr. C. T. Simpson and the writer this winter yielded to the call

of the wild, and we have just concluded another of our collecting

orgies in the Antilles. This time we descended upon Cuba, and all

of those delights of the chase formerly experienced together in the

mountains of Jamaica and Haiti we renewed in this island of con-

chological joys.

Now the collector with two months at his disposal can pretty well

clean up Jamaica, barring, of course, the rare ties and the elusive small

fry, but Cuba is an altogether different proposition. The island be-

comes surprisingly large after leaving Havana, and then it is only in

the mountains that the really good picking is to be found. Then,

too, the mountains seem always to be far away from the railroad or

the towns where accommodations are to be found. If all the exten-

sive plains and lowlands of Cuba could be eliminated by some Alad-

din's lamp process and the mountain systems shoved up together, as

they are in Jamaica, then indeed Cuba would present a field to the

snail-hunter that no other place on earth could equal. The moun-

tains are excessively rich in molluscan life, and the species found are

for the most part of exceptional beauty and interest. The lowlands

are not wholly without their mollusks, only there they are more

scattered and difficult to find. The range of the lowland species

seems to be much greater than that of the mountain forms. In fact

one may travel all day by train and still find quite the same species

of land shells. In the moutains, however, the distribution of species

is often very restricted, sometimes to one side only of one particular

hill. But as a rule a species occurring typically at a certain spot in

a range of mountains gradually changes through varietal forms as

one follows the range until it acquires a new name, and perhaps still

another one later on. Thus it is in Cuba there are so many species

of Urocoptis, of Chondropoma, of Helicina, Eutrochatella, etc., which

belong to strongly-defined groups having a central typical form.

One is constantly trying to verify a suspicion that the central typical

form represents the ancestor that lived upon the higher land and sur-

vived a subsidence of the lower country, and that the other forms of

the group are the descendants that have wandered away into new

THE NAUTILUS.

surroundings and conditions as the island was raised to its present

altitude.

There is need for much study on the distribution and evolutionary

history of the Cuban land shells, and perhaps right here will be found

the answers to some Cuban geological problems that fairly call aloud

to the traveler. There is evidence, for instance, that Cuba was not

very long ago divided and separated into several islands a large

east and a large west one — with several smaller islands lying between

and projecting high above a shallow sea. Almost beyond question

there has been a considerable exchange of species between Florida

and that portion of Cuba lying directly south of Florida. This may

be accounted for most plausibly by the migrating water fowl which

divide their seasons between the great swamps of this portion of Cuba,

the Everglades in Florida and the more northern waters of the United

States.

If the editors of the NAUTILUS can afford me space later on I

would like to give accounts of some of our personal experiences in

the field, particularly about the southern edge of the great Zapata

swamp, at Vignales in the Organ Mountains of Pinar del Rio, and

finally of our race to catch those two most astonishing shells, Uro-

coptis elliotti and U. dautzenbergiana, which live only upon the lofty

cliffs of two isolated mountains near Guane.

NEW MICHIGAN LYMNJEAS.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

A careful review of the Lymnseas of Michigan, incident to the

preparation of Part II of the Michigan Catalogue, has increased the

number of species represented in the state fauna from 18 as recorded

in 1894 (Rev. Mich. Moll., p. 11), to 28 at the present time.

In the material examined, the following forms occurred, which

seem worthy of specific or varietal recognition :

Lymnaea pilsbryana n. sp., PI. I, figs. 2, 8—11.

Shell ovate-conic, slightly perforate ; dark brownish-yellow, fre-

quently tinged with purple, with a light line just below the suture ;

whorls 5, convex, with a deeply impressed suture, the three apical

whorls small, forming a short conical apex, penultimate whorl twice

THE NAUTILUS. 0

as long as the three preceding, inflated and convex, body-whorl large

and well rounded ; lines of growth strong and regular, cut by numer-

ous fine spiral lines giving a shagreened appearance to the surface,

in some specimens the last half of the body whorl is obsoletely mal-

leated ; aperture broadly oval, somewhat more than one-half of the

entire length of the shell, dark brownish-yellow within, with a liver

colored band just within the lip ; lip sharp, regularly rounded and

slightly expanded toward the basal margin ; columella thick, white

with a strong fold, broadly reflected over and appressed to the axial

region, leaving only a very small perforation, and connected with the

upper insertion of the lip by a broad white and rather thick (for the

genus) callus ; axis thick, solid, twisted.

Alt. (Fig. 8) 22; diam. 13^; length of ap. 13; width 10 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 11) 24; diam. H ; length of ap. 14; width 10 mm.

Type (No. 21345, coll. Walker) from Washington Harbor, Isle

Royale, Lake Superior, Mich. Cotypes in the collection of the

Philadelphia Academy and Chicago Academy of Sciences.

Immature specimens of this species were first taken by the Uni-

versity of Michigan expedition of 1904, and in the report of that trip

(Rep. Geol. Surv. Mich., 1905, Separate, p. 97) was stated to be

" related to L. sumassi Bd., but probably undescribed."

The expedition of 1905 was fortunate in securing fully-matured

specimens. And a comparison of these with a photograph of cotypes

of sumassi from the British Museum, kindly furnished by Mr. F. C.

Baker, of Chicago, showed that the two forms were entirely dis-

similar.

The affinities of pilsbryana are entirely with L. emarginata Say,

a species of general distribution through the Great Lakes from

Saginaw Bay northward.

It differs from that species in its darker color, more inflated whorls,

especially those of the spire, and the entire absence of the emargina-

tion characteristic of that species.

L. emarginata was also found on Isle Royale, and there main-

tained the acute conical spire with a less impressed suture charac-

teristic of the usual form of that species. The axis of the Isle Royale

emarginata (fig. 1) is more slender, more curved and less twisted

than that tf pilsbryana (fig. 2). Both of these figures are made from

immature specimens.

t> THE NAUTILUS.

Lymnsea petoskeyensis n. sp., PI. I, fig. 3, 5-7.

Shell elongate oval, acutely conic, perforate; thin, pale horn-

color, almost white, translucent ; whorls 6, regularly increasing, con-

vex, with a well impressed suture ; spire elongated, acutely conical,

apical whorl minute ; body whorl somewhat inflated, elongate oval ;

lines of growth fine and regular, cut by numerous very fine revolv-

ing, spiral lines, surface more or less malleated ; aperture oval, sub-

angulate above and rounded below, slightly more than one-half the

entire length of the shell ; lip thin and sharp ; columella nearly

straight without any fold, inner lip expanded and reflected over the

round deep umbilicus and continued as a thick white callus over the

parietal wall ; where this callus passes over the umbilicus toward the

basal margin it is abruptly depressed into the umbilical opening,

forming a well marked furrow between the columella and the parietal

wall, and giving the appearance of a twist to the face of the columellar

enlargement, but the columella itself is scarcely affected by it; the

axis is large for the size of the shell, without any trace of a fold,

and nearly cylindrical, the base of the preceding whorl abruptly

flattened around the insertion of the upper end of the pillar.

Alt. (Fig. 5) 23.5, diam. 11.25, ap. length 13, width 8 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 6) 24.5, diam. 11, ap. length 13.5, width 7.5 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 7) 25, diam. 10.5, ap. length 12, width 7 mm.

Types (No. 14347 coll. Walker) from a small spring-brook flow-

ing into Little Traverse Bay, near Petoskey, Mich. Cotypes in the

collections of the Philadelphia Academy and the Chicago Academy

of Sciences.

This species was at first supposed to be a very thin, fragile form

of the elongate variety of L. catascopium, characteristic of the lake

region. But upon cutting into the shell, the peculiar shape of the

axis forbade its reference to that species.

Under Dr. Ball's arrangement of Lymncea (Harr. Exp. XIII, p.

64) it would belong to the section Galba. Compared with L. desi-

diosa Say, (Fig. 4) the axis of petoskeyensis (Fig. 3) is proportion-

ately much larger, more elongated and more cylindrical, but the

general features of both are the same. The peculiar contraction of

the base of the whorl around the upper end of the pillar, so remark-

ably developed in petoskeyensis, is present, but not at all marked, in

desidiosa. The umbilicus in petoskeyensis is round and deep, and is

more conspicuous in the immature shells, as the expansion of the

broadly reflected columella nearly covers it in the adult.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE I.

(X2 )

1. 2.

( x a )

g.

7.

NEW MICHIGAN LYMN^EAS.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE II.

NEW MICHIGAN LYMNvEAS.

THE NAUTILUS. 7

The little brook, only a few hundred feet long, in which the

species lives, is also the type locality for Physa walkeri Crandall.

Lymnsea cyclostoma n. sp. PI. II, fig. 4.

Shell ovate conic, turreted, umbilicate, light yellowish horn-

colored, shining ; lines of growth fine, irregular, subobsolete on the

body whorl, stronger on the apical whorls, reticulated by indistinct

revolving, impressed spiral lines. Spire elongated, apex subacute ;

whorls 5, very convex, those of the spire somewhat shouldered,

suture deeply impressed ; body whorl large, inflated, very convex.

Aperture broad oval, subcircular, rounded above and below. Colu-

mella broadly reflected over the round, deep umbilicus, convex,

smooth with no fold, parietal wall with a thin transparent callus.

Lip sharp, but thickened within by a heavy white callus.

Alt. 7.5, diam. 3.25 mm.

Types (No. 13599 Coll. Walker) from Indian Creek, Kent County,

Mich. Also from Alma, Gratiot County, Mich.

This very distinct little species was first collected by Dr. R. J.

Kirkland, of Grand Rapids, Mich., and was listed as L. cubensis Pfr.

(umbilicata C. B. Ads.) in my Review of the Moll. Fauna of Michi-

gan (1894). Through the courtesy of Mr. E. A. Burt, curator of

the Museum of Middlebury College, I have been able to examine the

specimen of L. umbilicata deposited in that museum by Adams, and

for comparison have figured it (fig. 1). The two species are so

obviously distinct that verbal comparison is hardly necessary. L.

cyclostoma differs in its more elevated, turreted spire, more broadly

reflected columella and thickened white lip. It resembles umbilicata,

however, in the sculpture, and is no doubt derived from the same

stock.

In this connection it may not be out of place to add that the

inspection of the authentic specimen of L. umbilicata confirms Dr.

Pilsbry's reference of that species to L. cubensis Pfr. It is evidently

distinct from L. caperata Say, and its reference to that species as a

synonym by Haldeman, Tryon, Binney and others is quite erroneous.

The Middlebury specimen is not quite mature. It has 4^ whorls

and measures 6 mm. in height and 4 mm. in diameter. For further

comparison I have figured (Fig. 2) a Rhode Island specimen, which

is apparently typical ; the dimensions (6.5 x 4.25) agreeing almost

precisely with those given by Adams. It is however, somewhat

8 THE NAUTILUS.

more inflated than the Middlebury specimen. The apparent fold on

the columella is evidently an individual malformation, as it does not

appear in any of the other specimens in the same lot. Compared

with typical cubensis (Fig. 3), umbilicata is more globose, with a

shorter and more obtuse spire. If the difference holds good for the

northern form, umbilicata would be entitled to varietal rank.

A single small specimen from Otter Lake (Lapeer ? County),

FIG. 1. Michigan, (Text Fig. 1.) collected by the late Dr. Manly

Miles, seems referable to umbilicata. It is smaller than

the Rhode Island specimens (3. 5x2) and differs some-

what in shape, the body whorl being somewhat shoul-

dered and the spire more acute and slightly more elevated.

But the characteristic axial (longitudinal) sculpture \%

present although there is no trace of any spiral lines. The lip is

decidedly thickened within, and both it and the columella are pink.

The umbilicus is not as large as in the Rhode Island form.

Lymncea stagnalis v. perampla n. var. PL II, figs. 5 and 6.

This variety differs from the usual North American form, var.

appressa Say, by its shorter, rapidly acuminating spire and larger,

strongly shouldered body whorl ; the first three whorls of the spire

are slender and increase regularly in size ; the penultimate whorl ia

disproportionately enlarged, swollen and subangulated by the flatten-

ing of the upper part of the whorl, which in the body whorl develops

into a prominent shoulder.

Alt. (fig. 5) 45.5, diam. 26, length ap. 28, width 18 mm.

Alt. (fig. 6) 45, diam. 23.75, length ap. 26, width 17 mm.

Types (No. 1834 coll. Walker) from Houghton Lake, Roscom-

mon County, Michigan. Cotypes in the collections of the Philadel-

phia Academy and the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Also from

Douglas Lake near Petoskey, Michigan. All the specimens of

stagnalis from Houghton Lake that I have seen, more than 30, are

of this peculiar form, which apparently a well-marked local race.

I have been informed by the late Dr. W. H. DeCamp that the late

A. O. Currier of Grand Rapids, who was the first to make known

the peculiar Lymnseids of Houghton Lake, intended to describe this

form under the very appropriate name which I have adopted for it.

An elevated, almost scalariform example of this variety was

figured in the NAUTILUS, Vol. VI, pi. 1, fig. 6. It is interesting to

THE NAUTILUS.

note that in Marl Lake a small enlargement of Marl River, which

connects Higgins and Houghton Lakes, the typical L. stagnalis

appressa was the only form found.

Lymnaa desidiosa var. peninsula, n. var. PI. II, fig. 7.

Shell slender, elongated, spire long and acute, subturreted, whorls

of the spire very convex, with a very deeply impressed suture, body-

whorl elongated, subcylindrical, aperture oval, not very much ex-

panded.

Alt. 13.50, diam. 6.25 mm.

( To be continued. )

LIST OF MOLLUSK8 FROM AMAEILLO, TEXAS.

KY J. B. HENDERSON, JR.

The " Pan Handle " of Texas is a flat, treeless plain where the

traveler could make good use of nautical instruments. I could find

no vestige of molluscan life there except in the deep canons, a few

of which are encountered on a journey across the " Handle." The

following is a list of species taken from one of these canons at a point

about 15 miles S. E. of Amarillo. All were found in drift debris —

none actually alive and crawling about. The identifications are by

Pilsbry and Vanatta.

Zonitoides singleyana Pils.

Zonitoides minuscula Binn.

Vallonia perspectiva Sterki.

Vallonia gracilicosta Reinh.

Helicodiscus parallelus Say.

Pupoides marginatus Say.

Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella Pils.

Bifidaria tappaniana C. B. Ad.

Bifidaria armifera Say.

Bifidaria procera cristata P. & V.

Vertigo ovata Say.

Planorbis parvus Say.

A few specimens of Physa, Lymnaea and Pisidium too young for

identification were also found.

10 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES AND NEWS.

THE NASON COLLECTION. — The University of Illinois has lately

acquired the collection of shells of Dr. Wm. A. Nason, of Algonquin,

Illinois. The collection numbers approximately 50,000 specimens,

representing 10,000 species. Among these are large series of the

species found in Illinois, together with many beautiful specimens

from various parts of the world.

THE ANCEY LIBRARY — The books and many of the papers of

the late C. F. Ancey can be obtained from Mr. Gerat, 76 rue du

Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, France.

NOTE ON CYPR^A GRACILIS, GASK. — A few months ago, among

some small shells from unknown localities which came into my

hands, there appeared a small cowry which for a time puzzled me

exceedingly, being very different from any of the species then known

to me. Upon careful study, however, in connection with the var-

ious monographs of the Gyprceidse, it has proven unmistakably to

be the very rare Cyprsea gracilis, Gask, the type of which was

brought from the China Seas by the " Samarang " and which has

since been found only at Mauritius and Reunion I. (Weinkauff,

Hidalgo). Although the coloration of the back has been obliterated,

the specimen being beach-worn, it has the peculiar lip, the narrow,

bent aperture, sparsely scattered reddish-brown dots and fine teeth

called for in the Gaskoin description, and it also corresponds, as to

base and contour, to the figure -in the Sowerby monograph, probably

copied by Weinkauff and Roberts. Length, 10 mm.

FRED L. BUTTON.

NOTE ON TRIVIA MAUGERI^E, GRAY. — Of this very rare species

— sometimes also known as Tr. " Maugeri," (Roberts, Hidalgo) and

thus far found only at the Galapagos Is — I have known but three ex-

amples in all the West American collections. The first which ap-

peared was a badly bleached one which I detected among the molluscan

material brought back by the Stanford University expedition of

1898, the specimen being now in the University collection. The

second, a fine one in the Arnheim collection at San Francisco, was

unfortunately destroyed in the great fire of 1906 ; while my own

specimen, although beach-worn, is in fair condition and color.

Length, 13 mm. — FRED L. BUTTON.

THE NAUTILUS. 11

«

NOTE ON TRIVIA GALAPAGENSIS MELV. — Upon examination of

the molluscan material brought back by the Stanford University ex-

pedition to the Galapagos Is. in 1898, I noticed this novelty and

sent it to Mr. Melvill for description (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

Aug., 1900.) Although the small type lot of this interesting species

were all jet black and shiny, I have since then obtained from the

same locality another specimen which is clearly referable to this

species but which is of a reddish-brown color, while all the other

specific characteristics, including the two whitish spots on the back,

are well marked. As already noted by me (Jour, of Conch., Oct.,

1902) this species proves to be ribbed throughout when perfect, in-

stead of smooth on the back, as described. — FRED L. BUTTON.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A SURVEY OF THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF PUPA DRAPAR-

NAUD, OCCURRING IN SOUTH AFRICA. By JAMES COSMO MEL-

VILL and JOHN HENRY PONSONBY (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., I,

ser. 8, pp. 70-86, pi. i, ii, 1908). The paper is based on a collection

made by Mr. Henry C. Burnup, to whom credit is given for two

new forms. The figures are excellent. In all 28 species are re-

corded, with several varieties.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NINE TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTH

AFRICA. By JAMES COSMO MELVILL and JOHN HENRY PON-

SONBY, INCLUDING ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF Two PRO-

POSED NEW GENERA (Afrodonta M. & P. and Peltatus G.-A.).

By Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen (Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist., I,

ser. 8, pp. 129-136, pi. 7 and 8, 1908).

C. F. ANCEY.

C^sar-Marie-Felix Ancey, administrator at Mascara, Algeria, was

born in Marseilles, November 15, 1860. His father, well known

1 Taken in part from the obituary by Mr. H. Fischer (Jour, de Conch., LV,

pp. 404-496), to whom we are also indebted through Mr. Geret for the accom-

panying portrait. A complete list of Mr. Ancey's writings will be found in the

above publication, pages 406-412. — EDITORS.

12 THE NAUTILUS.

for his publications on entomology and author of valuable work on

malacology, encouraged his well-developed inclination for zoological

studies. At the age of twenty-three he was appointed conservator

of the fine Oberthur entomological collection at Rennes. This posi-

tion not promising material success, he returned to Marseilles, where

he studied law, and obtained his diploma in 1885. He then entered

the government administration in Algeria ; was married in 1889,

and the same year was appointed deputy administrator, and filled

successively positions at Fort National, Boghari and Dra-el Mizan.

After thirteen years spent in that locality he was promoted to acting

administrator at Mascara. It was a just reward for his great quali-

fications and for the esteem which he had been able to win amidst

duties that were frequently of a difficult character.

Mr. Ancey hoped shortly to fill a State mission to the Cape Verde

Islands, which was sure to furnish opportunities for malacological

studies. After a brief illness he died at Mascara, October 10, 1906.

His death was a painful surprise to his scientific correspondents.

Most of his writings were on conchology, and his many papers,

some 140 in all, give an idea of the importance of his work, devoted

principally to the malacological fauna of Hawaii, Central Africa,

Polynesia, Central Asia, etc. He was especially interested in the

study of the smaller land shells, of which he had a large collection.

As his appointment to Mascara promised to be permanent, he ex-

pected to be able to work up his large accumulation of undetermined

species, still packed just as he had received them. It was his pur-

pose some day to study the land mollusks of Algeria ; although

thoroughly competent for the work, he hesitated to undertake it on

account of the difficulties arising from the many doubtful species,

which made the study of the Algerian fauna a most ungrateful task.

Mr. Ancey is authority for many generic or subgeneric names,

among which may be mentioned : Boysidia, Parabal/a, Haplotrema,

Pseudomphalus, Monomphalus, Micromphalia, Platystoma, Rhytidi-

opsis, Pararhytida, Microphyurtt, Ochroderma, Tomoste/e, Mabilliella,

Thomsonia, Lechaptoisia, Thacmumia, Baldwinia and Armandiella.

The genus Anceyia was dedicated to him by Bourguignat. Re-

markably gifted and thoroughly acquainted with the bibliography of

the subject, he leaves behind him work which marks a real progress

in our knowledge of the terrestrial mollusks. His untimely death is

a great loss to science.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII.

JUNE, 1908.

No. 2.

A NEW EOCENE FOSSIL FROM CLAIBORNE.

BY T. H. ALURICH.

MlTHOMORPHA EOCENENSIS, n. Sp.

Shell small, hut five whorls remaining (the em-

bryonic whorls are broken off), sulcate, the longi-

tudinals close set and prominent, the spirals the

same on the smaller whorls, but on the body whorl

more prominent at the suture and the base ; suture

distinct and rather deep ; outer lip denticulated ;

pillar lip with two tubercles, the one nearest the

canal long and tapering. Canal short, slightly

widened and slightly twisted.

Length 7 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Claiborne Sand Bed, Claiborne, Alabama.

In Mitromorpha pygmaen Dall and others examined,

Locality :

Remarks

the spiral sculpture seems to predominate, but in the species de-

scribed above the longitudinal is the stronger.

TWO INTERESTING NEW ENGLAND NUDIBRANCH RECORDS.

BY FRANCIS N. BALCH.

The absolutely lamentable state of our present knowledge (or

rather ignorance) of the New England Nudibranchs is in no small

part due to the capricious and baffling occurrence of that interesting

14 THE NAUTILUS.

group. Here to-day and gone to-morrow, perhaps abundant one

year and not observed again for decades, even on shores where they

are in most years common if rightly sought at the right season, they

remain practically unknown to many whose collecting is done only

in summer.

A good deal of evidence has accumulated to show that many of

the forms, chiefly Aeolidians, have a peculiar life-history, somewhat

as follows : Coming on the shore in early spring they breed in the

rock-pools or not far below low-water mark, and almost immediately

die. The young, growing slowly at first and escaping observation

by reason of their minute size and often marvelously " protective " (?)

coloration, work their way slowly off shore with the coming of

warmer weather, migrating still further out as the cold sets in, and

attain their growth over winter in comparatively deep water, only to

perform the reverse migration, breed and die the next spring. They

are thus annuals. This is supposed to be the case particularly with

Aeolidian forms, but not even for them is the theory universally

accepted. There are certainly grave objections to it. It has been

urged that neither the on-shore nor the off-shore migration has been

followed ; that the ycung ought not to escape observation over sum-

mer even though minute and inconspicuous ; that they occasionally,

though rarely, occur in summer adult or nearly so ; that the dredge

fails to reveal them of nearly adult size in winter when they should

occur. On the other hand it is a fact that many of the species have

a fairly definite season (usually early spring, more rarely late

autumn, and still more rarely at other times) when in most years

they are with us in fair numbers and of full size, and thereafter —

and suddenly — thence depart and are seen no more till the next year

at the same season or perhaps many years later at the same season.

This holds good of the rocky shores in the neighborhood of Boston,

and I imagine few of us have ever seen there, except in spring, more

than very scant and scattering examples of the Aeolid type.

The following captures, therefore, have a distinct interest, even

though, by the fault of the writer, it is much less than it should be.

On November 15, 1905, Owen Bryant, Esq., of Cohasset, Mass.,

took from kelp dislodged by a storm from water of moderate (but

uncertain) depth more than sixty Nudibranchs of at least eleven

different species practically in company at that one spot. Not one

was very young (less than say 3-4 mm.) Not one was adult.

THE NAUTILUS. 15

He very kindly notified me and gave a Sunday to a trip to

Cohasset where I saw the remarkable haul still alive. The early

darkness of a November afternoon, the absence of apparatus and

books and my absorption in professional work which precluded the

possibility of my attempting to transport and preserve the living

creatures for further study, may be held sufficient excuse for my

failure to identify the species at the time fully and reliably, but not

for my appaient failure to preserve some of the more interesting

forms for later working over. To my great regret, however, the

single Dorid form is the only one I am now able to find.

The species identified were as follows according to my notes:

Cratena gymnota (Couth.). " 1 specimen quite juv., cores of cerata

very dark."

? Cratena veronicae Verrill. " 1 specimen, abt. | in., cerata very

green, very like viridis A. & H." *

Coryphella mananensis (Stimps.) " 1 specimen, abt. ^ in., juv."

? Coryphella salmonacea (Couth.). " > diversa Couth., 1 nearly

adult spec., abt. 1 in." Unfortunately salmonacea (Couth.,)

[now Bergh] does not include diversa (Couth.), as I then sup-

posed, and both species are in utmost need of further elucidation.

Wherefore I much regret my failure to preserve this specimen

as a consequence of which I am now quite unable to say what I

really had before me — at all events something wholly distinct

from mananensis.

Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius). "3 specimens, abt. 1 in."

Dendronotus robustus Verrill. " 1 specimen, abt. f in."

Polio lessonii (d'Orb.) " 2 specimens, abt. -g in., like A. & H's.

figures of adult but anal tubercles very conspicuous and white

instead of yellow."

Lamellidoris aspera (A. & H.) ^> pallida A. Ag. "1 specimen,

juv., abt. ^ in."

The above enumeration certainly includes all the species (and like-

wise all the specimens) of all except the Aeolid forms. But of the

Aeolid species enumerated there were in all likelihood many more

specimens, while I noted that there were at least three obviously

different Aeolid species which I did not undertake to name.

Quite probably there were more. The whole enumeration only

* I had Alder & Hancock's figure before me in makiug the comparison.

16

THE NAUTILUS.

accounts for eleven specimens out of more than sixty. I only had

time to note the larger and more conspicuous ones.

On September 19, 1907, Mr. Bryant made a somewhat similar

haul, although less interesting. He most kindly brought the mate-

rial to me still alive, and I was able to study it more adequately.

There were twenty-nine specimens of three species, and all were

taken together from the bottom of a floating clam-car.

The species were as follows :

Facelina bostoniensis (Couth.) now Coryphella bostoniensis (Couth.).

Bergh et auct, al. Europ., " 7 specimens, 4 to 10 mm."

Coryphella mananesis (Stimps.). " 2 specimens, 8 mm., 14 mm."

Palio lessonii (d'Orb.). " 20 specimens, 1 abt. 12 mm., the rest

abt. 5 mm. Seem browner in coloration and much more

sparsely tuberculated, with relatively more conspicuous circum-

anal tubercles than the European type as figured."

It will be noted that here again not one is adult, while not one is

very young.

It seems to me that these two captures suggest strongly an au-

tumnal condensation of the half-grown Nudibranch population (of

certain groups) in moderate depths, just off the shore perhaps, best

explained tentatively as a " wave of migration " to deeper water for

the winter. It is clear enough how a population, which would be

very sparse if spread over the whole area from three fathoms, let us

say, to extreme low-water mark, might be much condensed if the

cooling waters or failing food supply set them all moving off shore

about the same time, only to check and bank up at the edge of some

particular deep channel or cold current or on some specially favor-

able hunting-ground which all hitherto living anywhere inshore of it

must cross.

NEW MICHIGAN LYMN.EAS.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

( Concluded. )

Lymnsea desidiosa peninsulx

Types (No. 20040 Coll. Walker) from the headwaters of the

Union River, Ontonagon County, Michigan. Cotypes in the collec-

tions of the Philadelphia Academy and the Chicago Academy of

Sciences. Also from Little Iron River, Ontonagon Co., Salmon

THE NAUTILUS. 17

Trout River, Marquette Co., and the St. Mary's River at Saulte

Ste. Marie, Mich.

This variety differs from the usual and more typical form (pi. I,

fig. 4 and pi. II, fig. 8) of general distribution in the lower Penin-

sula, by its slender, elongated form. It is apparently characteristic

of the small rivers tributary to Lake Superior. With the exception

of a few specimens from Saulte Ste. Marie, the typical form of

desidiosa has not been as yet found in the Upper Peninsula at all.

Peninsulas is very similar in shape to a small form of general distri-

bution through the State, which is probably referable to some one of

Lea's indefinite species, but differs by its much greater size, being

twice as long with the same number of whorls. As a characteristic

local form of a large region, it seems worthy of a name.

Lymneea davisi n. sp. PI. II, fig. 9-10.

Shell of medium size, globose-conic ; perforate ; light horn-color ;

whorls 5 ; the spire about one-third of the entire length of the shell,

rapidly acuminating and with a minute, sharp apex ; the whorls of

the spire are flattened and but slightly convex, with a distinct, but

not deeply impressed, suture ; body whorl large, inflated, ovate,

flattened above and rounded below ; lines of growth distinct, fine and

regular, minutely decussated with revolving spiral lines ; aperture

large, pear-shaped, acutely angled above and broadly rounded below,

about three-fifths of the entire length, lip sharp, slightly thickened

within, straight above, somewhat expanded below, broadly reflected

over and nearly covering the small umbilical perforation ; columella

with a very slight fold ; axis rather thick, round, scarcely if at all

folded.

Alt. (Fig. 9) 15.2, diam. 7.5 mm.

Alt. (Fig. 10) 15, diam. 7.5 mm.

Types (No. 20092 coll. Walker) from Fish Point, Tuscola

County, Mich. This species is well characterized by its large, ovate

body whorl and its very acute spire; the apical whorls are flattened

and the straight line of spire is prolonged over the upper part of the

body, giving a " pot-bellied " appearance to the shell.

Named in honor of Prof. Charles A. Davis of Ann Arbor, its dis-

coverer, in recognition of the many valuable contributions he has

made to our knowledge of the distribution of the mollusca in Michi-

gan.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

Lymnsea liakeri n. sp. PI. II, figs. 11-12.

Shell slender, elongate, perforate ; whorls 5 ; spire elongated, tur-

reted ; apex acute ; body whorl narrow, elongated, compressed below ;

suture deeply impressed ; lines of growth fine and regular with fine

subobsolete, revolving, spiral lines ; aperture narrow, elongated, within

the flare of the lip, the sides are nearly parallel, and about equally

rounded above and below ; lip thin, sharp, suddenly and broadly

expanded, subreflected, continuous, not appressed to the parietal wall,

and roundly reflected over the perforation, columella straight, with-

out a fold ; axis round and smooth.

Alt. (fig. 12) 16.5, diam. 7.5, length ap, 8.5, width 4.5 mm.

Types (No. 9353 Coll. Walker) from Pine Lake, Charlevoix

County, Mich.

This remarkable species was dredged from the marl bottom of

Pine Lake. No living specimens were found, and in all prob-

ability it is extinct. In its external characteristics it is more

nearly related to L.jayi Dunker (gracilis Jay) than to any other of

the described species, but the resemblance is a general one only, the

two species differing in nearly every detail. The continuous, free lip

and straight columella are exceedingly like those of jayi, and would

naturally cause it to be referred to the subgenus Acella. But the

axis is not gyrate, as in that group, but is rounded and without a

fold, as in Galba.

The young shell (fig. 11) is subcylindrical, and with its heavily-

shouldered, turreted whorls and narrow aperture reminds one of the

curious L. contracta Currier from Houghton Lake. I take pleasure

in dedicating this very peculiar species to Mr. Frank C. Baker, of

the Chicago Academy of Sciences, who has made a special study of

the North American Lymnceas.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE I.

Figures 1-4 inclusive are enlarged. The remainder are of natural

size.

Fig. 1. L. emarginata Say (immature), Isle Royal, Mich.

Figs. 2, 9 and 10. L. pilsbryana Walker (immature), Isle Royal,

Mich.

Fig. 3. L. petoskeyensis Walker, Petoskey, Mich.

Fig. 4. L. desidiosa Say, Ann Arbor, Mich.

THE NAUTILUS. 19

Figs. 5, G and 7. L. petoskeyensis Walker (types), Petoskey,

Mich.

Figs. 8 and 11. L. pilsbryana Walker (types), Isle Royal, MicL.

1M.ATK II.

Figures 1 to 4 inclusive are enlarged on the same scale. Figures

7 and 8 are also equally enlarged, but on a smaller scale. Figures

5, 6 and 9 to 12 inclusive are natural size.

Fig. 1. L. timbilicata C. B. Ads. (ex auct.), New Bedford, R. I.

Fig. 2. L. umbilicata, Rhode Island.

Fig. 3. L. cubensis Pfr., Enterprise, Fla.

Fig. 4. L. cyclostoma Walker (types), Indian Creek, Kent County,

Mich.

Figs. 5 and 6. L. stagnalis perampla Walker (types), Houghton

Lake, Mich.

Fig. 7. L. desidiosa peninsulas Walker (types), Union R., Onton-

agon, County, Mich.

Fig. 8. L. desidiosa Say, Oakland County, Mich.

Figs. 9 and 10. L. davisi Walker (types), Fish Point, Tuscola

County, Mich.

Fig. 11. L. bakeri Walker (young) Pine Lake, Charlevoix, Mich.

Fig. 12. L. bakeri (type), Pine Lake, Charlevoix, Mich.

ADDITIONAL SHELLS FOUND IN AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE.

BY OLAF O. NYLANDER.

Circinaria concava Say, one small living shell of this species found

at Sherman, in 1904.

Physa sayii, Tappan, very fine, large specimens found in Calleu's

mill pound, Caribou stream, Caribou, Maine, at Salmon brook, Lake

Perham and in the dead water on Salmon brook in Woodland.

Lymnsea palustris Mull., a large colony of this species was found

in a small brook on G. C. Hall's farm 3 miles south of Caribou

village.

Planorbis bicarinatus var. The carinations on this are extremely

developed; Portage Lake, Square Lake and Cross Lake all on Fish

River.

Volvata sincera var. nylanderi Dall., Portage Lake, Square Lake

and Cross Lake, dredged at various depths to 25 feet.

20 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTE ON LYMNAEA DESIDIOSA SAY.

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

An examination of Say's specimens of L. desidiosa in the Academy

of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia reveals the fact that all subse-

quent naturalists have misunderstood this species and have given the

name to a species belonging to a different group of Lymnaeas. The

true desidiosa is a member of the palustris group, as shown by Say's

specimens and by a close study of Say's descriptions. The two

specimens in the Philadelphia Academy may be described as follows :

Shell oblong-ovate, rather solid, color pale horn ; surface dull,

lines of growth crowded, conspicuous, crossed by impressed spiral

lines ; whorls 5£, convex ; the body whorl is quite convex ; spire

acutely conic, about as long as the aperture ; sutures well impressed;

apex of l£ whorls, brownish horn; aperture long ovate; outer lip

thin, with an internal rib or varix ; inner lip reflected over and

appressed to the parietal wall, leaving a small umbilical chink ;

columelar axis with a distinct plait.

Length 15.00, breadth 7.50, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.00

mill.

Length 14.25, breadth 7.50, aperture length 7.75, breadth 3.50

mill.

The specimens bear the following label in the original hand-

writing :

Lymnaea desidiosa Say, Journ. Acad., v. 2, p. 169. T. Say,

Penn. ? (No. 58731).

The figure in Binney (fig. 68) is said to be from an authentic

specimen in the Philadelphia Academy, but no such specimen is

now in existence, nor are the specimens mentioned from Cayuga

Lake to be found. In the absence of any other authentic material

Say's specimens must be taken as typical of desidiosa. A close

analysis of Say's description would seem to indicate that he did not

have the shell before him which has so long borne the name of

desidiosa. He says " It is closely allied to elodes, but the whorls are

more convex, one less in number, and the two terminal ones are

proportionately smaller."1 This statement is repeated in the Amer-

ican Conchology. This statement of its relation to elodes would

'Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 169.

THE NAUTILUS. 21

scarcely have been made by Say, who possessed a peculiarly dis-

criminating sense of minute differences between shells, if he had

been describing the shell now known as desidiosa. The size of the

Philadelphia specimens (15 mill.) also corresponds pretty well with

the size given by Say (T75 of an inch = about 17 mill.). The most

convincing fact to the writer is the presence of a specimen of

" desidiosa " of authors in the Philadelphia Academy marked

" Lymnaea , Canandaigua Lake, T. Say" (No. 58732),

showing that the form usually called desidiosa is not the one so

called by Say. Prof. Edward S. Morse, who made the drawings for

Binney's work, has been unable to give any information concerning

the specimen figured by Binney.

Last summer the writer made three trips to Cayuga Lake, one to

the south end at Ithaca and two to the north end at the town of

Cayuga, with the hope of securing specimens which would cor-

respond with Say's specimens. Three whole days were spent in

exploring several miles of the shore and the small creeks, and while

specimens of both palustris and obrussa were obtained, not a single

specimen was found which agreed with Say's desidiosa. The palus-

tris were the large, thin-shelled form and the obrussa were rather

small specimens, not at all like the description or specimens of

desidiosa. As Say gave no particular part of Cayuga Lake as the

identical spot in which the types were collected, it renders the task

of finding locotypes well nigh impossible, since the lake is 68 miles

in length.

Recently, Miss Mary Walker, of Buffalo, New York, sent the

writer a number of shells from Young's Quarry, Williamsville, New

York, which are identical with Say's specimens of desidiosa, having

the same number of whorls and almost the same measurements.

These are given for comparison:

Say's specimens:

Length 15.00, breadth 7.50, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.00

mill.

Length 14.25, breadth 7.50, aperture length 7.75, breadth 3.50

mill.

Miss "Walker's specimens:

Length 15.00, breadth 8.00, aperture length 8.00, breadth 4.00

mill.

Length 14.00, breadth 8.00, aperture length 8.00, breadth 3.50

mill.

22 THE NAUTILUS.

Say's figure in the American Conchology (plate 55, fig. 3) cor-

responds with the specimens from Williauisville, all having the

peculiar obese body whorl. Say himself identifies desidiosa from

western New York in Long's expedition, II, p. 263, where he says,

'' Lymneus desidiosus nob. Falls of Niagara."

The history of desidiosa in the American monographs is interesting

and clearly indicates that since Say's time little attention has been

given to closely analyzing this species. In all of his references Say

distinctly indicates a shell of the palustris type.

Haldeman describes and figures the form now distinguished as

obrussa and not the true desidiosa (compare his plate with Say's

figure 3). Many of Haldeman's figures are abnormal and do not

represent obrussa as it is usually developed. Tryon, in his contin-

uation of Haldeman's work, (p. 104) states' that many of the figures

on this plate are not desidiosa but a form of columella (inacrostoma).

In this statement Tryon is wrong and could scarcely have seen

Haldeman's specimens, for a recent examination proved them all to

be referable to obrussa (desidiosa of authors) although as stated

above several of the specimens are abnormal. The writer has col-

lected many specimens similar to those figured on Haldeman's plate.

Binney, in his Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America,

Part II, makes obrussa a synonym of desidiosa, thus showing that

he considered the latter the small, smooth form and not the true

desidiosa of Say and his figure 68 is questionable for the reason and

is probably of a long-spired obrussa. In Baker's Mollusca of the

Chicago Area obrussa is described and figured as desidiosa.

Recently Dr. -W. H. Ball, in his Alaska Mollusks (p. 73, fig. 51)

figures Say's obrussa under desidiosa, but also refers in his synonymy

to Binney's figure 68. The European monographs have given

figures referable to obrussa rather than to desidiosa.

Amidst the uncertainties caused by the absence of Say's types we

must look for a shell which is closely allied to elodes, but is smaller,

with more convex whorls, and possesses 5 instead of 6 full whorls.

Such a shell is found in the autotypes of desidiosa in the Philadel-

phia Academy, and this type of shell occurs in several localities in

the eastern part of the United States, and is easily separable from

any other known species or variety. The spire varies considerably,

being short, or long, or even scalariform. There are from 2 to 5

rest varices on the whorls.

THE NAUTILUS.

Desidiosa, then, differs from obntssa (desidiosa of authors) in it<?

generally larger and more solid shell, longer and more turreted

spire, more pronounced and heavier sculpture and more convex

whorls, with deeper sutures ; in having an internal rib inside the

outer lip and in the presence of a fold on the columella. Compared

with palustris, desidiosa is smaller, usually more solid and with a

more obese body whorl and a more dilated aperture. The spire, too,

is more sharply conic and the whorls are more tightly coiled, pro-

ducing a deeper suture. The inner lip is also more expanded,

producing a heavier callus. The shells called elodes by Say are

larger, more flat-sided, with a longer spire, and the whorls are not

so rounded and are more oblique.

If we accept the evidence afforded by Say's specimens (and there

seems to the writer to be no other course), then the shells usually

called desidiosa. must bear the name of obriissa, which is the first

available name, and desidiosa must be used for the shells so-called

by Say.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.1

Fig. 1. Lymnsea desidiosa Say, Williamsville, Erie Co., N. Y.

(from collection of Miss Mary Walker, Buffalo, N. Y.)

Fig. 2. Say's figures of Lymnsea desidiosa in Amer. Conch., pi.

55, fig. 3.

NORTHERN OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

BY F. M. MACFARLAND.

NORTHERN AND ARCTIC INVERTEBRATES IN THE COLLECTION

OF THE SWEDISH STATE MUSEUM (RIKSMUSEUM). III. OPIS-

THOBRANCHIA AND PTEROPODA. By Nils Odhner (Kungl. Svenska

Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, Band 41, No. 4, pp. 1-118, pi.

I-III, 1907).

The above work will be welcomed by American zoologists as a

valuable contribution to our knowledge not only of the Opistho-

branch fauna of Scandinavian waters, but also as of great conveni-

ence in studying the quite similar fauna of our own North Atlantic

shores. The classic Index Molluscorum Scandinavise of Loven, 1846,

and the Mollusca Regionis Norvegise of Sars, 1878, have been for

1 Plate III will appear in the July number.

24 THE NAUTILUS.

many years the principal extended sources of information upon this

subject. The paper of Mr. Odlmer is based upon the large collec-

tion of Northern and Arctic forms which the Swedish State Museum

has accumulated from various expeditions and other sources since its

foundation, and which have been studied in part only by scientists.

The geographical area represented is a wide one, nearly completely

circumpolar in its extent. It includes principally the Arctic Ocean

off Siberia, the Kara and White Seas, the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans

off the coast of Norway, the waters surrounding the whole Scandi-

navian peninsula, and to a less extent the coasts of Spitzbergen,

Iceland and Greenland, the North Atlantic, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay

and Bering Sea.

The first section of the paper gives a useful systematic synopsis of

the Opisthobranchs and Pteropods studied, based largely upon the

well-known works of Fischer, Bergh and Pelseneer. Following

this is a detailed summary of the geographical and bathymetrical

distribution.

The third section of the work is devoted to a description of the

new forms found in the collection. These are Diaphana hyaUna

Turton var. spirata, Diaphrma fffaciah's, GonifPolis lobata, Archi-

doris -nobilis Loven MS., Is&a villosa, Doridunculus pentnbranchus,

Idalia pulchello A. & H. var. fusca, and Cumanotus laticeps, the last

named being the type of a new genus of Aeolidiadae.

Of especial interest and value to students of this group of Mollusca

are the three excellent plates, the second and third being especially

welcome. These two present artistic reproductions in the natural

colors of sixty-one figures of forty-one different species, prepared

under the direction of Professor Loven by the artists W. and F. v.

Wright, but never yet published. These form a valuable supple-

ment to Loven's Index, the original numbers assigned by him being

given in parentheses upon the plates. Those who have studied these

beautiful animals in life and compared them with even the very best

museum specimens, in which original color and body form have

alike disappeared, will fully appreciate this preservation in a perma-

nent manner of these important records.

The usefulness of the paper is further enhanced by a chronolog-

ical bibliography and a very complete index. The convenience of

the former might have been increased somewhat by the addition of

abbreviated titles of all the papers cited, which are omitted in most

cases, the date, author, journal and place alone being given.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE III.

1, 2. LYMN^EA DESIDIOSA SAY.

3,4. PLEUROBEMA TOMBIGBEANUM FRIERSON.

THE NAUTILUS.

Vol.. XXII. JULY, 1908. No. 3.

ON EUCONULUS FULVUS AND E. TROCHIFORMIS.

BY HENRY A. FILSBRY.

Helix fulva as described by Miiller (1774) was a composite of two

species: (1) adult Helix fulva of Draparnaud and later authors, and

(2) immature Helix bidentata Gmelin. Miiller's idea exactly re-

versed the age-relations of the two forms; he considered (1) to be

the young stage of (2), and while he described both forms satisfac-

torily, and gives the measurements of both, a fuller description is

naturally given of the form he considered adult. The somewhat

unusual conic shape, etc., rendered it easy for subsequent authors to

recognize both forms from Muller's description. Indeed it would

be hardly possible to mistake any other snail of the region for either.

The next notice of the forms was by Gmelin (1701), who admits

Muller's H. fulva without recognizing its composite nature, his ac-

count being merely compiled from Miiller. Gmelin moreover de-

scribed and named the adult stage of Helix bidentata, referring to

unmistakable figures in the Conchylien Cabinet of Chemnitz. There

has never been any controversy about the validity of Grnelin's H,

bidentata.

Ten years later (1801), Draparnaud, in his Tableau des Moll,

terr. etfluv. de la France, p. 72, restricts Helix fulva to the Eiiconu-

lus, giving an excellent description. He also recognized and de-

scribed H. bidentatu, the two being quite rightly placed in different

groups. Up to the present time this arrangement has been followed

almost universally.

26 THE NAUTILUS.

Two years later, in 1803, Montagu described and figured Helix

trochiformis (Testacea Britannica, p. 427). The account agrees

well with our Euconulus fulcus except in the number of whorls,

Montagu giving it six, which is one more than E. fulvus usually has.

Montagu did not recognize Miiller's snail in his new species. His

knowledge of the work of continental authors seems to have been

extremely restricted.

So far as I know, the name trochiformis has been adopted only by

Beck, in his catalogue of 1837, and by Dall, 1905.1 No description

of the snail under Montagu's name has been published since the

original one in 1803.

So much for the evidence from original documents. I am acutely

aware that on any question of nomenclature there may be from two

to a dozen opinions, each supported by arguments which to some

will appear conclusive, yet in a case like this, where the cono.liolo

gists of a century have been practically of one mind, a reversal of

their judgment should not be made without full consideration of all

aspects of the question. It might reasonably be argued that Miiller's

description, covering the adult stage of one species (fulva auct.) and

the immature stage of another (bidentata Gmel.), should be restricted

to the former, even though Mu'Iler himself mistook the real relations

of the forms. It is hardly necessary to discuss the inexpediency

of discarding all composite species, since everybody admits that

either with species or genera some member of the original melange

must conserve the original name unless all be synonymous with

earlier names. It seems to me that the case may be summarized

thus :

1774. Miiller described as H. fulva a composite of two species

(Hygromia bidentata plus Euconulus fulrus of modern authors).

1791. Gmelin eliminated H. bidentata- from the composite by his

unmistakable diagnosis and reference.

1801. Draparnaud recognized the composite nature of Miiller's

H. fulva and restricted that name to the Euconulus, which he well

described and later figured.

I venture to submit the opinion that no action by Montagu or any

other subsequent author should affect the status of either of the two

species in question. Euconulus fulrus therefore should stand.

1 Land and Fresh Water Mollusks of Alaska and adjoining regions, Harri-

man Alaska Expedition, Vol. xiii, p. 40.

THE NAUTILUS. 27

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PLEUROBEMA.

BY L. S. FRIERSON.

PLEUROBEMA TOMBIGBEANUM n. sp. Plate III, figs. 3, 4.

Shell short, triangular, thick, solid and heavy ; truncated in

front, roundly pointed behind at the post-base. Beaks high and in-

curved, their sculpture not seen. Post ridge rounded, and close to

the post margin. The sides are slightly flattened just in front of

the post-ridge, and an inflated, raised area extends from the beaks

to the anterior base. This area is to a considerable degree concen-

trically sulcated, the sulci becoming obsolete behind, where it be-

comes striated; epidermis rayless, dark reddish brown or having

faint greenish rays near the beaks. Lunule triangular, and mem-

branaceous. The shell is markedly flattened in front, half way from

beaks to base, showing a sort of so-called " secondary lunule."

Nacre white, to rose color, and iridescent. Muscle scars well im-

pressed, and separate. Beak cavities shallow. In the left valve

there are two low, thick curved laterals, somewhat striate, and a

stout, upright, bifid, striate, acuminate cardinal. In the right valve

a single low, stout curved lateral upon a very wide heavy plate, or

shelf, and a single wedge-shaped cardinal arising from a pit sur-

rounded by a semicircular, low ridge. Cardinal plate thick, on the

inner surface of which may be noted the dorsal muscle scars.

Length 48, alt. 40, diam. 32.3 mm.

Length 41, alt. 39, diam. 27.5 mm.

Tombigbee river. Types from Demopolis, Marengo Co., Ala-

bama, in coll. Frierson and A. N. S. Phila. Also found at Colum-

bus, Mississippi.

The shell may be mistaken by the casual observer, for a small

Quadntla pyramidata, Lea, but may easily be distinguished by its

smaller size, and especially its shallower beak cavities, lower beaks,

and less pronounced sulcus from beak to post base. It seems a

rather rare shell in the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers. Four

and a half specimens were received in three "envois" from the

former river. Mr. Bryant Walker informs me that he has two

specimens, from the Alabama River. One from the collection of

Dr. Lewis, and labeled by him " U. plenus," and the other received

28 THE NAUTILCS.

from Mr. R. E. Call, and placed among his "pyramidata." Mr.

William A. Marsh has examples, which have been labeled

" southern variety of pyramidata." Mr. Walker thinks the shell

is however a Pleurobema, rather than a Quadrula and he places it in

the scheme of classification next to Pleurobema taitianum, Lea.

Compared with that species, ours is less convex, with a more or less

distinct sulcus back of the convexity. Uniologists having southern

pyramidata, may perhaps find specimens of P. tombigbeanum in the

lots.

SOME NEW BRACHIOPODS.

BY WM. H. DALL.

During the researches of the U. S. S. Albatross party in 1906 a

good many brachiopods were obtained, and the range of some known

species much extended. The examination indicates that two species

of those obtained are undescribed. Diagnoses are now given and

figures are in preparation.

Terebratula (Liothyris) sakhalinensis n. sp.

Shell large, solid, of a rather dark and ruddy brown color and

nearly smooth surface which bears faint concentric lines of growth

and usually fainter, irregularly radial impressed lines on the anterior

portion of the shell ; valves moderately convex, the anterior margins

slightly flexuous, the middle of the ventral valve is slightly squarely

impressed and produced, the extension fitting into an analogous

excavation in the dorsal valve ; beak stout, moderately recurved,

usually much eroded, with a large, entire foramen ; the deltidial

plates form a solid arch with no mesial groove ; internally a thick-

ened collar or short tube surrounds the peduncle, and an evident,

but not prominent, short septum extends mesially about 2 mm. from

the collar forward, in one specimen. Hinge of the ventral valve

solid, with no props to the dental processes ; in this valve the pallial

sinuses exhibit two strong parallel trunks which extend nearly to the

anterior margin before they begin to bifurcate ; the genital glands

extend as a fine, brown, irregular reticulation over the main cavity

of the sinuses outside the inner line of the respective trunks on either

side ; dorsal (or hasmal) valve with a small but evident cardinal

THE NAUTILUS. 29

process ; the dental processes small and narrow ; the loop is peculiar,

the two supporting arms are appressed and soldered to the wall of

the valve for a distance of 8 or 9 mm., so that the loop appears to

spring from the valve and not from the hinge ; it abruptly bends

upward at a point about 12 mm. in front of the beak, forming a very

wide, slender, frail, almost flattened loop with short triangular crura ;

the width of the loop is about 12.5 mm., the height of its arch about

3 mm., while the crura, which are curved inward parallel with the

limb of the arch, are about 3 mm. long. A mesial septum, low and

narrow but distinct, extends forward as far as the anterior edge of

the adductor scars ; the pallial margin carries minute setae, which do

not project beyond the edge of the valve. Length of ventral valve

45, breadth 34.5, max. diam. of shell 26 mm.

Dredged on the southeast coast of Sakhalin Island, Okhotsk Sea,

in 64 to 100 fathoms, bottom temperature 30° F. Type, TJ. S. N.

Mus., 110, 786.

The remarkable loop of this species is sufficient to distinguish it

from any other of the genus ; the characters mentioned are found in

all the specimens.

Laqueus morsei n. sp.

Shell thin, smooth, polished, ruddy brown, rounded lozenge-

shaped, somewhat attenuated in front up to a 10 mm. wide trunca-

tion ; ventral valve with a short beak, entire foramen and short,

wid'j, flattened area ; deltidial plates united, but showing a groove

at the junction ; dental processes short, triangular, strong, supported

by strong props with deep funnel-shaped cavities behind them ; pal-

lial sinuses with two inner trunks bifurcating at the anterior third of

the valve, and two outer ones branched on the outer side from the

beginning; genital glands in two longitudinal lines on each side

extending along the middle of the main trunks of the sinuses and

barely distally bifurcated ; dorsal valve with a small but well devel-

oped hinge-plate, but no cardinal process or cavities under the dental

processes ; the septum is short and delicate ; the loop normally

formed but extremely slender, except the bight of the recurved por-

tion, which is much wider than the rest ; the valves meet in a nearly

uniform plane, an extremely faint indication of a truncation in front

forms the only approach to a flexuosity. Length of ventral valve

32.5, of dorsal valve 29.0, breadth 30.5, diameter of shell 18.0 mm.

30 THE NAUTILUS.

Dredged at station 4,860 in the Japan Sea, in 122 fathoms, mud

and stones, bottom temperature 34° 1 F. U. S. N. Mus. 210,800.

The species is named in honor of Prof. E. S. Morse of Salein,

whose work on the brachiopods is well known. The most nearly

related species is Laqueus marise, A. Adams, which is more ovate,

with a narrower and more recurved beak, the genital glands differ-

ently distributed, and the mesial septum of the dorsal valve, long,

high, and prominent ; reaching to the anterior fourth of the valve,

while in L. morsel it barely reaches the middle of the valve.

A white variety (albida) of Waldheimia (= Eudesia] raphaelis

Dall, was also dredged, the specimens being more compressed

laterally and with sharper anterior flexures than in the type. A

dwarf form of the same species with all the characteristics of the

adult, except that it measures 17 mm. long instead of 37, was

dredged in Kagoshima Gulf. The normal adults of the species show

little or no flexuosity anteriorly, until nearly full grown, but the

dwarf referred to possessed them in perfection.

A NOTE ON HELIX HOKTENSIS.

BY OLOF O. NTLANDER.

I have been much interested in your articles on Helix hortensis in

America. When a small boy they were among my choicest play-

things and I gathered large numbers of them together with H.

nemoralis in south-eastern Sweden.

In 1899 among a lot of marine shells collected at Grand Manan,

and given to me for identification were three land shells. One

specimen had five narrow, dark brown bands on a light yellow

ground, a common form of Helix hortensis; both were of larger

size than any specimens in my collection from Sweden, Germany

and England. One specimen is of a rich yellow color, comparing in

every way with European specimens in my collection. The third

specimen was a young shell, light yellow in color and like the plain-

colored Helix hortensis of the Maine coast. Mrs. S. Page who col-

lected the specimens, informed me that they were plentiful on

the Island of Grand Manan, her native home. As there is so much

THK NAUTILUS. 31

speculation relative to the origin and distribution of Helix hortensis,

in America, I will state that in ray opinion they were introduced by

the early French settlers in Canada, at Gaspe and along the St.

Lawrence River; and that their distribution only along the coast is

due to the more favorable conditions. The long cold winters —

sometimes commencing in September and lasting into the middle of

May in Canada and Maine, are too severe and long for Helix hor-

tensis to spread over the interior. Along the coast, and on the

islands, the winters are not as long or as intensely cold as in the

interior. I have gone over a very large part of northern Maine and

a good part of New Brunswick and have never seen //. hortensis.

I have collected Helix hortensis at Horte and Sberlotenlund on

the south coast of Sweden within a few steps of the water edge of

the Baltic Sea.

A NEW WEST INDIAN NITIDELLA.

BY WM. II. DALL.

During a recent visit to Cuba Mr. John B. Henderson, Jr., col-

lected a few marine shells from the rocks along shore, between tides,

at Ensenada de Cochinas, on the south side of the island. Among

them was the following species which I have been unable to identify

among the described forms of the genus.

Nitidella hendersoni n. sp.

Shell thin, fusiform, with an elongate, very acute spire, and about

eight whorls; nucleus minute, white, smooth; subsequent whorls

flattish with an appressed suture, pinkish near the nucleus, later be-

coming translucent with dark chestnut-brown lineolations, zigzags or

dots, frequently with white, protractive, oblique flammulations at the

suture of which the anterior margins are bordered with a dark

chestnut line ; also on the periphery is often a narrow articulated

band, of white and brown spots ; the surface is covered with a con-

spicuous greenish periostracum, which on the body whorl is elevated

in axial lamellae not close enough to give a velvety effect but sep-

arated by wider polished spaces ; surface nearly smooth under the

periostracum, polished, with faint indications of fine axial or revolv-

ing striae ; on the base there are numerous spiral grooves which

32 THE NAUTILUS.

become stronger and channeled near the end of the nearly straight

canal ; aperture white, within purplish ; outer slightly thickened, not

reflected, smooth within • posterior angle of the aperture grooved

and produced a little, with a subsutural obscure callosity on the

body which elsewhere has the surface smoothly erased, edge of the

pillar with one faint and one very strong marginal fold ; operculum

normal. Alt. of shell 19, of last whorl 13.5, of aperture 10, max.

diam. 8.0 mm. Found in crevices of the rocks a little below low-

water mark.

MOLLUSCA OF KEENE, NEW HAMPSHIEE.

BY K. D. WALKER AND WAI. H. COOLIDGE, JR.

The shells that comprise this list were found in Keene, N. H., by

the late George Alexander Wheelock, and form a small part of the

extensive general collections which he made. The list is perhaps

worth publishing as local data in regard to the shells of Keene and

the surrounding regions. Mr. Wheelock spent almost his entire life

in Keene (1810-1906) investigating the natural history of Monad-

nock. The determination of the species is through the kindness of

Mr. Charles W. Johnson.

Planorbis parvus Say. Lyogyrus graimm Say.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Anmicola limosa Say.

Planorbis campanulatus Say. Unio complanatus Sol.

Segmentina armigera Say. Alasmodonta undulata Say.

f,ymnea humilis Say. Lampsilis nasutus Say.

Physa heterostropha Say. Anodonta cataracta Say.

Aplexa hypnorum. Sphaerium rhomboideum Say.

Succinea ovalis Say. Sphaerium secure Prime.

Polygyra nlbolabris Say. Sphaerium pnrtumeium Say.

Polygyra fraterna Say. Sphaerium simile Say.

Zonitoides arboreus Say. Pisidium variabile Prime.

Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyi Pisidium compressum Prime.

Pils.

These specimens are in the Thoreau Museum of Natural History,

Middlesex School, Concord, Massachusetts.

THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES.

THE VEKRILL COLLECTION — Prof. A. E. Verrill of Yale Uni-

versity has sold to the University his great collection of marine,

invertebrates, acquired during his work for the United States Fish

Commission in the 16 years from 1873 to 1887. The collection is

the duplicate of one secured at the same time and since transferred

to the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution at Wash-

ington.

FORMATION OF EPIPHRAGM BY LYMNJEA PALUSTRIS (Miiller).

— A few days ago while collecting fresh-water shells in the dry bed

of a pond near Alum Rock Park, San Jose, the author found several

live specimens of a form of Lymncea palustris Miiller lying on the

dry mud surface with the aperture sealed down by thick dried

mucous and withdrawn into their shells half a whorl. The pond

usually contains water at least half the year but on account of the

dry spring has contained none since April 1st at least. The bed is

thinly covered with tall tulas so that the shells were not in the direct

rays of the sun. This form is the only one which occurs in the lake

and dead shells up to barely mature are abundant, and some larger.

— HAROLD HANNIBAL, San Jose, Cal.

EXOTIC VIVIPARA IN CALIFORNIA. — Amongst the fresh-water

molluscan fauna of the "Artesian Belt," between San Jose and San

Francisco Bay, is a large operculate edible snail introduced by the

Chinese fifteen or twenty years ago. 4 mm. when born, carinate

till mature, 6 months 20 mm. Occasionally in sub-brackish water,

grows as large as a duck's egg. Plain yellow-green or with spiral

fringes of epidermis.

Specimens were sent to Dr. Ball, who identified it as Vivipara

lecythoides Bens.

It is very common where planted, but spreads slowly.

In the NAUTILUS XV, p. 91, is a reference to Vivapara stelma-

phora Bgt., from a dry bed of a lake or pond " at the foot of Mt.

Hamilton." The author has been over the San Jose, Mt. Hamilton

road collecting, and of the four lakes and ponds on the route only

one, on the Grant ranch in Hall's Valley, appears to answer the de-

scription, as it had been dry at the time that article was written for

34 THE NAUTILI! b.

several years. The fauna was exactly the same as in the neighbor-

ing parts of Santa Clara Valley, except extremely large, and con-

tained not a sign of an operculate snail of any kind, nor did the son

of a neighboring rancher know of any such form, though he knew

the other species by sight. The other ponds were no better. Either

the locality given was incorrect or the species was killed out by the

drying-up of the lake while the other forms were not for some rea-

son. Certainly it does not occur there at present for no traces could

be found — HAROLD HANNIBAL, San Jose, Cal.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A NEW SPECIES OF CAVOLINIA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER

PTEROPODS. By WM. H. DALL (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 50,

Jan., 1908). Cavolinia couthouyi, n. sp., from Fiji Is. and New-

South Wales.

GONIDEA ANGULATA LEA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW

VARIETY. By WM. H. DALL (Smiths. Misc. Coll., Vol. 50, Jan.,

1908). G. a. haroldiana is a new form from Guadalupe Creek,

between San Jose and San Francisco Bay, "remarkable for the

almost total absence of lateral angulation," etc.

NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER MOLLUSK PLANORBIS MAGNIFI-

cus AND DESCRIPTIONS OF Two NEW FORMS. By PAUL

BARTSCH (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 33, pp. 697-700). Planorbis

magnificus Pilsbry occurs in Greenfield Pond, near Wilmington,

N. C., where it is rather scarce and local. P. eucosmnis, n. sp., was

found in the same pond. It is very close to P. bicarmatus striatus,

but distinguished by having two chestnut bands. P. eucosmius

vaughani, n. subsp., is from Burke's Place, La. All are illustrated

with photographic figures.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE RAZOR-

SHELL CLAM, ENSIS DIRECTTS CONRAD. By GILMAN A. DREW

(Journal of Experimental Zoology, V, No. 3, March, 1908).

Among other interesting conclusions, Dr. Drew finds that " the

THE NAUTILUS. 35

pedal ganglia are apparently dependent upon the cerebral for initi-

ative." When isolated, stimulation causes only local responses.

Impulses may pass in both directions through any of the commis-

sures and connectives. Impulses may be sent by roundabout con-

nections when the usual connections are destroyed.

FIRST ADDITIONAL CATALOGUE OF LAND SHELLS OF JAPAN.

By Y. HIRASE, Kyoto, 1908. In this list of 24 pages Mr.

Hirase catalogues the species and varieties from Japan, the Bonin

and Loochoo Islands and Formosa, obtained since the publication of

his former list. It is interesting as showing the results of the latest

work on these wonderfully rich faunas. Copies of the catalogue

will be sent free, we believe, to those interested in the collection of

Japanese shells. A handsome plate illustrates various new or inter-

esting species.

ZOOLOGICAL RECORD, Vol, xliii, pt. viii, MOLLUSCA. — By E.

R. SYKES, completed by S. PACE and R. M. PACE. This complete

record of all that has been published on Mollusca for the year 1906

together with every generic and specific name used, is indispensable

to all working conchologists. The part containing 103 pages can

be obtained for 4 shillings of Harrison & Sons, 45 St. Martin's Lane,

London, Eng.

THE WILLIAMS COLLECTION OF SHELLS. — By GEORGE HAL-

COTT CHADWICK, Chicago, 111., 1908. A brief account of the con-

chological cabinet of Mrs. Alice L. Williams, which contains so

many rare and beautiful shells. It is undoubtedly the finest private

collection in America. The collection contains 26,000 shells, " a

number unexceeded, I believe, by any private shell cabinet in

America since the day of John Jay. While the collection is rich in

species representing almost every family, one naturally turns to

those gems of the sea, the Cypraeidse. Here we find Cyprsea

brodeript, the only one in America, C. nivosa, castanea, chrysalis,

coxenii crossei, similis, etc., etc., while species considered by many

rare are represented by series to show variation. There are 10 (7.

aurantia, 10 decipiens, 10 thersites, 7 scotti, 4 umbilicata, etc.

Among the Conida? is enthroned Conns gloria-maris while the rare

36 THK NAUTILUS.

cervus is also there. The beautiful Volutidae are represented by many-

species one scarcely sees in a lifetime. Pleurotomaria beyrichii is also

among the treasures, but space will not permit us to go into details.

It has been admirably described by Mr. Chadwick, who says:

" My desire in this writing is to make this remarkable collection

better known. It has been a labor of love, and I can wish for those

who read no greater pleasure than to come under the fascinating

spell of this great collection. It deserves a place in some great hall

of science, and it is Mrs. "Williams's hope that it may some day be

thus installed through public or private munificence."

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MULLUSKS FROM THE

PACIFIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES, with notes on the other

mollusks from the same region. By William Healey Dall (Proc.

U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 34, pp. 245-257. Numerous new species and

subspecies chiefly discovered by Dr. R. H. Tremper, Messrs. Herbert

W. Lowe, F. W. Kelsey, and the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, are de-

scribed, with notes on previously known forms.

SMELL THE DOMINANT SENSE IN DIABROTICA 12-PUNCTATA

AND LIMAX MAXIMUS. By Robert E. C. Stearns. (Proc. Biol. Soc.

Washington xxi, pp. 137-140). Limax is guided to its food by

smell. Salt liberally strewed on the floor is recommended as a

check to their depredations.

ON THE SYNONYMIC HISTORY OF THE GENERA CLAVA MARTYN

AND CERITHIUM BRUGUIERE. By W. H. Dall. (Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phila. 1 907, pp. 363-369). The history of these old names

is fully exposed and various errors in matters of fact in M. Coss-

mann's review of the Cerithiacea are pointed out.

NEW AND CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM

THE OIL-BEARING TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF SANTA BARBARA

Co., CAL. By Ralph Arnold. (Smith's Misc. Coll. vol. 50, pt. 4.

1907). Numerous interesting fossils from Eocene, Miocene and

Pliocene horizons are described and well illustrated. Among them

O

are Vetiericardia planicosla Lam., from Little Falls, Washington,

" the most widespread and characteristic eocene species in the

world," Lymnsea alamosensis n. sp., from the pliocene of Los

Alamos Valley.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII. AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 19O8. No. 4-5.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON CALIFORNIAN MOLLU8KS.

BY S. S. BERRY.

A specimen of Cypraea spadicea Gray has recently been brought

to the writer's notice by Mrs. C. H. Fackenthall, of Pacific Grove,

who some years ago found it alive on Chinatown Point, Monterey

Bay. This extends the known range of the species many score of

miles beyond the most northern locality which has previously been

recorded.

Mrs. Fackenthall also collected in March, 1907, over sixty speci-

mens of lanthina exigua Lam. where they had been washed ashore

near Point Pinos. This is a new locality for this species likewise.

Another lanlhina, which is apparently the 1. globosa of Swainson,

and is new to the Californian fauna, was found in considerable num-

bers at Oceanside, Sari Diego county, by Mrs. T. E. N. Eaton and

Miss Grace Eaton in the summer of 1906. This species was found

in company with 1. exigua and another undetermined form of the same

genus (7. communist) cast up on the sandy beach, and for the most

part still retained the animals.

*******

In July, 1903, the writer made a small collection of fossils from

the pleistocene deposit which forms the cliff just west of the bath-

house at Santa Barbara, among which many of the species are of

interest because not included by Arnold in his lists l of the mollusks

of the Santa Barbara pleistocene. Such species are marked with

an asterisk. One or two forms are likewise entirely new to the

formation.

1 Paleontology and Stratigraphy of San Pedro, p. 52 q. r.

THE NAUTILUS.

Margarita pupilla Gld. Several.

* Margarita optabilis knechti, Arnold. One specimen.

* Calliostoma canaliculatum Mart, Several juv.

Leplothyra bacula Cpr. Not rare.

* Leptothyra carpenteri Pils. Not rare.

Leptothyra paucicostata Dall. Not rare.

* Acmaea mitra Escb. Two juv.

* Acmaea (sp.). One juv.

Natica clausa B. and S. Young specimen and opercula,

Crepidula navicelloides Nutt. One specimen.

Crepidula adunca Sby. Two examples.

Rissoa acutilirata Cpr. Two specimens.

* Rissoa (sp ?). One example.

*Diala marmorea Cpr. Several.

Lacuna compacta Cpr. The most abundant form.

Bittium asperum Gabb. Common.

Bittium (quadrifilatum Cpr.?). Common.

Bittium (sp.). Common.

*Epitonium (Opalia) borealis Gld. One specimen.

Ocinebra perita Hds. Several.

*0cinebra interfossa Cpr. One specimen.

*Ocinebra lurida Midd. var. tending toward Carpenter's var.

munda. Several.

*Ocinebra (sp.). One specimen.

Boreotrophon gracilis Perry. One example.

*Boreotrophon stuarti Smith. One example.

*Boreotrophon stuarti praecursor Arnold. Several.

Amphissa corrugata Rve. Common.

Columbella tuberosa Cpr. Common.

*Nassa mendica cooperi Fbs. One example.

Fusus robustus Trask ? One example.

Fusus (sp.). .Several.

*Mitramorpha filosa intermedia Arnold.

[Note : This form was likewise found in a living condition by the

writer at Pacific Grove, Cal., in April, 1908.]

Clathurella conradiana Gabb. Two specimens.

*Tornatina cerealis Gld. Two examples.

*Dentalium indianorum Cpr. One perfect adult specimen.

*Psephidea (ovalis Dall ?). One valve.

THE NAUTILUS. 39

Venericardia ventricosa Gld. Abundant.

Pecten jordani Arnold. Fragments and two juv.

Pecten caurinus Gld. Fragments.

Pecten (sp.). Fragments.

Pecten hastatus Sby. Several valves.

*Monia macroschisma Desh. One valve.

*Glycymeris barbarensis Conr. One valve.

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Stimp. Fragments of the test and

loose spines of this sea-urchin.

*Platidea anomioides Scacch. One perfect shell probably refer-

able to this species was found which agrees well with specimens

from San Pedro Bay (200 fathoms), except that the foramen is

relatively smaller and the posterior and anterior angles are more

acute.

*******

In the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXX,

Messrs. Call and Bartsch propose the specific name montereyensis for

the preoccupied Turbonilla gracillima of Gabb. The authors must

have overlooked the fact that Dr. Cooper in his Monterey list pub-

lished in the American Journal of Conchology for 1870 likewise

noticed the untenability of Gabb's name and rechristened the species

Chemnitzia gabbiana, so that this name having priority must stand

as Turbonilla (Chemnitzia ?) gabbiana (J. G. C.).

3JC -t* *&• »K *(« *P «l^

Nassa perpinguis, var. bifasctata, nov. Among the mollusca col-

lected recently at San Pedro by various collectors has been a color

form of Nassa perpinguis Hds., which is strikingly distinct and is

certainly worthy of a varietal name if color forms must be named.

It differs from the ordinary form in the presence of two broad spiral

bands of a deep chestnut color in abrupt contrast to the grayish-buff

ground color of the shell. One of these bands is situated just below

the suture, one about the periphery, and occasionally a fainter band

makes it appearance at the extreme base of the last whorl. The

bands vary considerably in width, but as yet I have seen no speci-

mens having but a single band.

Additional Notes on Monterey Molhisks.

In my paper on the Molluscan Fauna of Monterey Bay, California,

which appeared in the numbers of this magazine running from June

to September, 1907, there were a few unavoidable errors and omis-

40 THE NAUTILUS.

eions which may well be remedied. The following corrections should

be made:

June No., p. 18, near top. 304 species were listed; not 394-

P. 18, near bottom of page. " Terebratulina " transversa is a

misprint for " Terebratalia."

P. 19. The identification of Barbatia gradata is a very doubtful

one and the species should probably be removed from the list.

July No., p. 35. " Cregires" albopunctatus should be Aegires.

Aug. No., p. 43. Odostomia (Ivideci) navisa should be changed

to 0. (Ividia) navisa delmontensis, Dall & Bartsch. New subsp.

P. 43. " Triforis adversus " is not this species but an undeter-

mined form.

P. 43. "Seila assimilata C. B. Adams " was identified according

to the common misconception of that tropical species. My speci-

mens should be listed as "Seila montereyensis Bartsch," n. sp. One

of the co-types came from this lot.

P. 44. "Rissoina " purpurea is a Rissoa.

Sept. No., p. 52, near end of article. Should read as follows :

"... of Scala (nine species), and of the Pyramidellidae (eighteen

species)," etc. This last figure includes the additional forms enum-

erated below.

The following species and varieties have been determined from the

same lot of material since the publication of the main report :

Adula stylina Carpenter. 12 fathoms; not rare with the other

borers in the hard mud.

Caduhis quadrifissatus Carpenter. 12 fms.; one specimen.

Actaeon punctocaelatus Carpenter. 12 fms.; young specimens

only.

Epiphragmophora sequoicola J. G. Cooper. Big Trees Station,

near Santa Cruz; one immature specimen.

Epiphragmophora arrosa Gould. Big Trees Station, near Santa

Cruz ; several examples.

EpiphragmopJtora exarata Pfeiffer. Near Santa Cruz. Speci-

mens were also seen from various localities in the Santa Cruz moun-

tains and from Watsonville.

Epiphragmophora californiensis nickliniana Lea. Big Trees Sta-

tion, near Santa Cruz.

Polygyra cohimbiana Lea. Big Trees Station, near Santa Cruz.

Polygyra cohimbiana armigera Ancey. One specimen found a

few miles south of Pacific Grove in the pine woods.

THE NAUTILUS.

Murex (Ocinebra) interfossus var. muricatus Cpr. Pacific Grove;

not rare at low tide.

Turbonilla (Turbonilla) gilli delmontensis Ball and Baitseh. 12

fathoms ; the type lot.

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) stylina Carpenter. 12 fathoms; one

specimen.

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) berryi Dall and Bartsch. Two or

three specimens, including the type, dredged in 39 fathoms.

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) canfieldi Dall and Bartsch. 12 fms.; the

type lot.

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) morchi Dall and Bartsch. ? One specimen

dredged in 29 fathoms was doubtfully referred by Messrs. Dall and

Bartsch to this species.

Cancellaria crawfordiana Dall. Specimens brought in by the

fishermen.

The foregoing bring the total collection, after due corrections, up

to about 318 named species and varieties, including types or co-types

of fourteen new species and two subspecies, besides nine other species

not previously described, but the types of which were collected

elsewhere.

LAND SHELLS OF THE OKI ISLANDS, JAPAN.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND Y. HIRASE.

The Oki Islands, in the Sea of Japan north of western Hondo,

consist of one large and three smaller islands and several islets, the

the whole group about 23 miles long. SaigO is the chief harbor. It

is on the southeast side of the largest island, which has a diameter

of about 10 miles. The highest elevation is said to be about

1700 feet.

The mollusks of Oki have not before been noticed.

Out of 24 species of land shells there are 9 forms which have as

yet been found only on the Oki Islands. Two of these forms are

reckoned to be of specific value; the other seven are subspecies of

forms found on the adjacent portions of the Main Island of Japan,

or in one case on Tsushima, though the two Ganesellas are so dis-

tinct that they might with some reason be ranked as species. All of

the other forms occur on the Main Island of Japan.

The very close relation of the fauna of the Oki Islands with that

42 THE NAUTILUS.

of the adjacent Main Island places these islands in harmony with

Sado, Tsushima, Iki, and other islands in the Sea of Japan and

Korea Strait, all of which have faunas which show them to have

been joined at no remote period to the large islands of Japan.

In the following list, the forms peculiar to Oki are marked with

an asterisk (*).

CYCLOPHORID^E.

Alycseus melanopoma Pils. (?). Nakamura.

Diplommatina cassa Pils. var. Saigo.

* D. okiensis Pils. & Hir. Nakamura. A subspecies of this

snail, D. o. tsushimana, occurs on Tsushima.

HELICID^E.

Eulota (Euhadra} peliomphala (Pfr.) var. Nakamura.

Eulota (Euhadra} senckenbergiana (Kob.) var. Nakamura.

Eulota (Euhadra) cattizona minor Gude. Nakamura.

Eulota (Plectotropis) semula Gude. Nakamura.

* Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa Pils. & Hir. Nishinoshima.

Trishoplita endo Pils. & Hir. Nakanoshima.

* Ganesella ferruginea okiensis P. & H. Nakamura.

* Ganesella myomphala euomphala P. & H. Nakamura and

Chiburijima.

Chloritis tosanus okiensis P. & H. Nakamura.

CLAUSILIID^E.

Clausilia (Herniphsedusa} harimensis Pils. Nakamura.

Clausilia japonica vespertina Pils. Nishinoshima.

Clausilia japonic a ultima Pils. Nakamura.

Clausilia nishinoshimana Pils. Nishinoshima.

Macrochlamys subelimatus P. & H. Nakamura and Daimanji-

yama.

Microcystina vaga P. & H. Nakamura.

Microcystina ceratodes (Gude). Nakamura.

Kaliella ruida Pils. var. Nakamura.

Kaliella fraterna Pils. Nakamura.

* Kaliella okiensis Pils & Hir. Nakamura.

ENID^;.

Ena reiniana (Kob.) var., shaped like vgoensis. Nishinoshima.

AuRICULIDjE.

Carychium nipponense Pils. Saigo.

The descriptions of new species and subspecies follow:

THE NAUTILUS. 43

Diplommatina okiensis n. sp.

The lower half of the shell, comprising two whorls, is cylindric,

the upper half tapering in a rather long cone with straight sides.

Adult shells are generally red-brown, rarely whitish, but the young

are nearly white. There are nearly 7 moderately convex whorls,

the penultimate, seen from the back, being the largest. The last

whorl ascends in front, and has a strong, rather sharp ridge or col-

lar a short distance behind the peristome, and preceded by a rather

wide opaque whitish streak. The constriction is slight and median

in front. The whole shell, after the smooth apex, has a sculpture

of very fine, delicate, oblique, moderately close thread-striae. The

aperture is nearly circular, the parietal callus having a slightly

thickened edge, reaching up nearly to the suture. Peristome well

reflexed, usually very slightly angular at the foot of the columella.

Palatal plica very short, half covered by the parietal callus. Colu-

mellar tooth moderately strong, deeply placed, thin but rather high

within. Internal parietal lamella strongly developed.

Length 4, diam. 2 mm.

Nakamura, Oki. Types no. 95663 A. N. S. P., from no. 296 c

of Mr. Hirase's collection.

This species differs from D. paxillus (Gredler) by its strongly

developed collar. It is closely related to the common Japanese D.

collarifera Schm. & Bttg., but that species has a much longer palatal

plica, a decidedly thicker and stronger columellar lamella inside,

and only a weak internal parietal lamella.

Trishoplita cretacea pergranosa n. subsp.

The shell is depressed-conic with obtusely subangular periphery,

thin, whitish corneous, with a broad brown band on the base, ex-

tending from just below the periphery nearly to the umbilicus, and

a narrow brown band above the periphery, ascending the spire above

the suture. The surface has a minute sculpture of fine, somewhat

waved or irregular strioe, which are minutely and very elegantly

granulose ; no distinct spiral lines.

Alt. 8.3, diam. 13.3 mm.; whorls 5^.

Nishinoshima, Oki. Types no. 95840 A. N. S. P., from no.

1575 of Mr. Hirase's collection.

This snail, of which only 7 examples were taken, is most nearly

related to T. c. bipartita of Nagato province, which is less depressed,

44 THE NAUTILUS.

less angular, and has no band above the periphery. The minute

and very beautiful granulation is somewhat variable.

Ganesella myomphala euomphala n. subsp.

The shell is more depressed than myomphala, with the umbilicus

open, though partially arched over by the dilated columellar lip,

which, however, is not in the least impressed in the axial region.

The form is much less depressed than G. m. omphalodes.

Alt. 24, diam. 36 mm.; whorls 6^.

Alt. 23.5, diam. 35 mm.; whorls 6|.

Alt. 22.5, diam. 31 mm.; whorls 6^.

Nakamura, Oki. Cotypes No. 95835, A. N. S. P., from No. 1560

of Mr. Hirase's collection.

A smaller form of this subspecies was taken in small numbers (10

individuals) on Chiburijima, Oki. Two measure :

Alt. 18.2, diam. 24.5 mm.; whorls 6.

Alt, 17, diam. 23 mm.; whorls 6.

Ganesella fer rug inea okiensis n. subsp.

The shell is much elevated, bullet-shaped, the outlines of the spire

strongly convex; narrowly, obliquely umbilicate; rich chestnut-brown,

encircled with a narrow yellow band at the periphery and ascending

the spire above the suture ; Mirface nearly lusterless, rather weakly

marked with growth-wrinkles and minute spiral lines, some inter-

mediate whorls of the spire punctate or subpapillose. Whorls con-

vex, the last rounded periferally, convex beneath. Aperture very

oblique, the upper and columellar margins subparallel; baso-columellar

margin straightened, thickened within, the edge reflexed.

Alt. 19.5, diam. 17 mm.; whorls 6^.

AH. 17, diam. 16.2 mm.; whorls 6|.

Alt. 17, diam. 15.5 mm.; whorls 6£.

Nakamura, Oki. Types No. 95820, A. N. S. P., from No. 1564

of Mr. Hirase's collection.

This form is well distinguished by its high contour. It may prove

to be specifically distinct, but for the present we prefer to attach it

to the widely distributed G. ferruginea of the main island.

Chloritis tosanus okiensis, n. subsp.

Umbilicus wider than in G. tosanus, contained six times in the

diameter of the shell. Hairs of the surface not so close.

Alt. 8.8, diam. 16.8, width of umbilicus 2.8 mm.

THE NAUTILUS. 45

Nakamura, Oki. Types No. 95821, A. N. S. P., from No. 1567

of Mr. Hirase's collection.

Kaliella okiensis, n. sp.

The shell is perforate, conic, amber-colored, glossy, the spire conic

with slightly convex outlines, perifery thread-carinate, the base

convex. The surface is smoothish, above, with faint growth-lines,

and minute radial striae just below the suture on the intermediate

whorls; the base having faint spirals, not close together. Whorls 6,

convex, slowly increasing, the last having a narrow, thread-like

periferal keel. Aperture semilunar, rather narrow, the peristome

rather broadly dilated near the axial insertion.

Alt. 2.7, diam. 3.6, mm.

Nakamura, Oki. Types No. 95849 A. N. S. P., from No. 1568

of Mr. Hirase's collection. Also No. 1569.

This species stands near K. sororcula, but it differs in having the

whorls crenulated below the suture on the spire.

A NEW AMERICAN PLANORBIS.

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

PLANORBIS BICARINATUS PORTAGENSIS n. var.

Shell with the dorsal and ventral sides sharply carinated, the spire

and umbilicus typically forming deep, cone-like depressions ; sculp-

ture cf strong growth-lines and distinct spiral lines, as in bicarinatus

striatus ; aperture strongly auriculate, the upper and lower extremi-

ties forming a strikingly developed V-shape.

Height 8.00, breadth 14.00; aperture height 10.00, breadth 5.50

mm.

Height 8.00, breadth 13.00 ; aperture height 9.00, breadth 5.00 mm.

Habitat : Portage Lake, on Fish River, Aroostook County, Maine.

(Collected by O. O. Nylander; types in collection of Chicago

Academy of Sciences.)

This peculiar variety may be known by the strong keels on the

shoulder and base and by the V shaped upper and lower margins of

the aperture, which produce a notably auriculate aspect. It was at

first thought to be a form of Walker's variety major, but a compari-

son with specimens of the latter received t'rom the author shows that

the two are distinct varieties.

46 THE NAUTILUS.

LAND SHELLS OF TANGULANDANG (TAGOLANDA.)

BY H. A. PILSBKY.

Tagolanda or Tangulandang is a small island between Celebes and

Mindanao, about fifty miles from the N. E. extremity of the former,

and between that and Sangi (Sangir). So far as I know, nothing

has been known of its mollusks. A collector for Mr. Walter F.

Webb, of Rochester, N. Y., took a number of land shells there,

which show that the fauna has relations with both Celebes and Sangi.

The list follows.

Cyclotus politus Sowerby.

Found also in Celebes, Flores, Timor and some other islands of

the same region, but not north of Tagolauda.

Leptopoma tagolandense n. sp. PL IV, figs. 1, 2.

A species of the group of L. manadense. The shell is narrowly

umbilicate, acutely carinate, slightly wider than high ; typically

corneous-whitish densely speckled with brown and encircled with a

dark chestnut band below the periphery, but sometimes wanting this

band. The brown spots are larger and rather regularly spaced just

above the periphery and below the suture; the first three whorls are

uniform yellowish-corneous or brown. Whorls 5i, all rather strongly

convex, the last having an acute, projecting periferal keel, below

which it is moderately convex. The first half-whorl is smooth; then

5 to 7 fine spiral threads begin. On the fourth whorl interstitial

spiral strise appear, continuing to the end, the primary spirals re-

taining their prominence as subequally spaced cords among the fine

spiral strise of the later whorls. The base is finely striate the striae

slightly unequal. Aperture oblique, sub-circular; lip white, not

continuous, the upper margin expanded, basal margin reflexed;

columellar circular dilated. Alt. 14, diam. 15 mm.; width of aper-

ture 8 mm.

This species differs from L. menadense in sculpture. It stands

near L. vexillum, well figured by the Sarasins, but the last whorl is

more convex above than below the keel (whereas vexillum is more

convex below), and there are fewer major spiral cords, 5 to 7 on the

upper surface of the last whorl, while vexillum has 10.

There is also a form without brown markings, the shell bluish-

white, yellowish-white at the spire. This may be called var. immac-

ulata. Some individuals have a dark chestnut band below the keel.

THE NAUTILUS. 47

Obba maryinala (Miill.).

Elsewhere found widely distributed in the Philippines. The var.

sororcula Marts, in Celebes.

Helicostyla hucophthalma tagolandensis n. subsp. PI. IV, figs. 5, 6, 7.

Shell smaller than hucophthalma, slightl}' more solid, the lip more

broadly expanded ; bluish-white with many light green revolving

bands and lines on the last half or more of the last whorl. Whorls

only 3^.

Alt. 21, diam. 32 to 35.5 mm.

H. hucophthalma Pfr. was thought at first to be from Celebes, but

the locality Great Sangi Island was pointed out by Ancey several

years ago, and the Sarasins collected it there, and have figured the

snail laying its eggs in a folded leaf, in their great work on Celebes

(p. 204, plate 27). Pfeiffer described and figured hucophthalma, as

covered with a thin tawny cuticle, irregularly streaked, and having

two narrow brown bands above, two wider ones on the base ; and it

measured, alt. 21-22, diam. 42 mm., whorls nearly 4. His descrip-

tion and figures are reproduced in Manual of Conchology, Vol. VII,

p. 113, pi. 26, f. 16, 17.

The specimens I have seen from Great Sangi agree better with

those described by Sarasins. The spire is transparent-white, as

usual ; the last whorl is covered with a chestnut or wood-brown or

olive-brown cuticle, which is darkest behind the lip, and fades out

to almost white at the beginning of the whorl. This cuticle is

obscurely streaked with darker, and shows traces of darker spiral

bands and lines. Around the axis there is a paler area. In another

shell, a ground similar to that just described is cut into bands above

the periphery by white spiral zones, and there is a large white axial

area. These shells are figured, plate IV, figs. 3, 4. They measure

39 to 41 mm. in diameter. H. hucophthalma evidently belongs to

the subgenus Corasia, not to Crystallopsis.

It is possible that Pfeiffer's types were from another island of the

same group, or they may have been merely from another colony on

Great Sangi. Such local color-races often exist in close proximity.

Xesta cincta (Lea).

Also found in Celebes, in several varieties.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

HOW FULGUR AND SYCOTYPUS EAT OYSTERS, Ml'SSKLS AND

CLAMS. By Harold Sellers Colton (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,

1908). The behavior of specimens kept captive in a salt-water

aquarium in the vivarium of the University of Pennsylvania has

been studied by Mr. Colton. His observations contradict the preva-

lent impressions as to the feeding of conchs, and should lead to

further work on the subject. We quote part of Mr. Colton's ob-

servations on Fulgur (Sycotypus) canah'culatum : "The Sycotyput

48 THE NAUTILUS.

had not been fed for a month or so .... It attacked one of the

oysters five minutes after I placed them with it. . . . The Sycotypus

crawled on top of the oyster, which closed its valves. The conch

waited two minutes when the oyster opened its valves. Rotating

its shell on the axis of the columella through an angle of 70°, it

thrust its own shell between the valves of the oyster and introduced

its proboscis between the shells. Forty minutes later it left the

empty shell.

" Sycotypus does not wedge the shells of Mya apart, because it

can get at the soft parts without doing so, since the valves gap

slightly. To test this I introduced an oyster that had had three-

quarters of an inch broken from the margins of both valves on the

end away from the hinge so that the valves appeared to gap. I

found that Sycotopus attacked this one in the same manner as it

attacked Mya and did not wedge the shells apart.

" Fulgur eating Venus is a much more complicated case. The

conch (Fulgur perversa or F. carica) grasps the Venus in the hollow

of its foot, bringing the margin of the Venus shell against its own

shell margin. By contracting the columellar muscle it forces the

margins of the shells together, which results in a small fragment

being chipped from the shell of Venus. This is repeated many times

and, finally, the crack between the valves is enlarged to a width of

3 mm. or more. The proboscis is normally about 5 mm. to 8 mm.

in diameter. There are three ways in which it may get at the

animal. First, it may flatten out its proboscis so that it will go

through the crack; secondly, it may pour in a secretion between the

valves which kills the clam, and, thirdly, it may wedge its shell

between the valves of the Venus. By contracting its columellar

muscle it may actually wedge the valves apart. Venus never opens

its valves of itself when it is in the grasp of a Fulgur, while Ostrea,

after the first shock, opens wide its valves as if no danger was near.

" Fulgur and Sycotypus often break their own shell when opening

oysters and clams, and this accounts no doubt for the irregular

growth-lines seen on their shells.

" This method of inserting the margin of a gasteropod between the

valves of a Lamellibranch has been noticed before. Francois (1890)

briefly reports that Murex fortispina has a special tooth on the mar-

gin of its aperture for the purpose of inserting between the valves of

Area. It may be that this manner of attacking the soft parts of

bivalves is a very common habit of Piosobranch mollusks."

The several stages in the processes described are fully illustrated.

NOTE.

The scarcity of " copy " during the summer months has caused

us to issue a single number for August and September. The usual

number of pages for the year will be made up by enlarging a future

number. Plate IV. will appear next month.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE IV.

LAND SHELLS OF TANGULANDANG AND SANGI.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII. OCTOBER, 19O8. No. 6.

SOME NOTES ON THE LOCOMOTIVE DISK OF STYLOMMATOPHORA.

BY V. STERKI.

During 1907 I made some studies and observations on the mor-

phology of some of our land snails, and especially on the foot. The

results were very incomplete and fragmentary ; but the notes re-

specting the sole and '* locomotive disk " appear to be of some inter-

est, and a summary of them is here given.

Of about thirty-seven species, I had occasion to observe living

animals, and of some of them preserved specimens could be com-

pared. The results obtained are somewhat at variance with those

published by other conchologists, which appear to have been ob-

tained mainly from preserved material.

It may be mentioned that a piece of thin glass is conveniently

used to let the snails creep on. In this way, the sole can not only

be seen with the naked eye, but lenses and even strong doublets can

be used, and the foot seen in both reflected and transmitted light.

If kept on a slide, upside down, minute snails can be examined and

observed under a low-power microscope. It is recommended to

fasten a few small slips or narrow strips of glass on the glass plate,

best a pair of them close together, in order to observe the shape and

motions of (he sole when detached from the even surface, while a

snail creeps over these obstacles.

The majority of the snails showed locomotive waves on the under

surface of the foot while creeping. On about one-third, none could

be seen. The waves proceed from the posterior end, or from near

50 THE NAUTILUS.

the same, following each other towards the anterior, but in some

instances do not reach the latter. The number of simultaneous

waves is various in the several species, genera and groups, but rather

constant in one species ; they also vary in extent, and may be faster

or slower, regular or irregular, very distinct to more or less obscure.

In most species, they are confined to a median zone of the sole, nar-

rower or wider, corresponding with the so-called locomotive disk.

In some species, resp. groups, that disk is marked off from the

marginal zones by a more or less marked line, more or less distinct

in alcoholic specimens. But in some the zones are not noticeable on

the dead body, while in the living, creeping animal, the waves are

very distinct and sharply restricted to the median zone. This was

especially noticed in Polygyra (Stenotrema, Triodopsis + Mesodon},

and in Helix hortensis, for which the existence of a disk has been

denied ; also in some of the Zonitidce, A griolimax, Vertigo, Succinea.

But there are noticeable differences, as will be stated later on.

In a few snails, of various groups, the waves extend over the

whole width of the sole, e. g., in Oircinaria concava Say, Vallonia

sp., Bifidaria armifera Say. There are no marginal zones in these,

so far as I was able to see, and it is probable that the muscles of the

sole are different, comparatively wider than the others.

In a number of others, no waves could be seen, and no differenti-

ated longitudinal zones. Such were : part of the Zonitida, such as

Gastrodonta ligera, Zoniloides nitidus, arboreus, minusculus, all

Patula, Helicodiscus, Philomycus. Moreover, it appears that at

least in the Zonitida cited, the sole is of a formation different from

that of, e. g., the Polygyra;; it seems that an additional layer of

tissue is superposed on the under surface of the foot. The surface

has a different appearance, the sole seems thicker, and the double

lateral lines, above the margins of the foot appear to point to the

same conclusion. Unfortunately, I had no time to make exact ana-

tomical and histological examination of these parts, but some

anatomist may take the subject up.

It is interesting and significant that such differences are found

among our Zonitidce. It has been pointed out, long ago, by some

scientists, that the family includes some widely different forms or

types, with all similarity of the shells, and even the radula, etc.

And it will be noted that, e. g., Gastrodonta and Zonitoides, which

were denoted as showing no locomotive waves, no longitudinal zones,

THE NAUTILUS. 51

and a peculiar formation of the sole, are among those Zonitidte which

are provided with a dart sack and dart, while Omphalina and

Hyalina (= •• Vitrea) are devoid of such. It is possible that the

formation of the foot may add features of distinction between various

natural groups of this complex family, and in close connection with

it may be the presence or absence of a caudal mucus gland (and

mucus pore).

Systematic Review.

ZONITID^E.

Omphalina full 'ginosa Griff. Locomotive waves in a median zone

which is marked off by slight superficial lines, which are slight fur-

rows when the sole is detached from a surface. The waves are not

as distinct as, e. g., Polygyra, and apparently more remote from the

surface of the sole.

Hyalina (Vitrea) indetitata Say and radiatula Aid. Waves in a

median zone, in the anterior § or |, indistinct, and mostly not seen

at all near the posterior end. The surface layer undulating forward

and backward over [under] each advancing wave.

Gastrodonta ligera Say. No waves seen. Foot and sole as de-

scribed above, for this and the four following species. A darkish

median line is ill-defined and has nothing to do with a locomotive disk.

Zonitoides nitidus Mull., arboreus Say, minusculus Binn., Euconu-

lus chersinus Say. No waves ; no zones seen.

L1MACIDJ2.

Agriolimax campestris Binn. Waves in narrow median zone,

following each other in rapid succession, about ten simultaneously,

while the surface layer of the sole shows forward and backward un-

dulation with each wave. When the animal proceeds slowly (for a

snail!), the waves are more or less irregular, even undulating, and

sometimes no waves can be seen when the animal moves very slowly.

This has been noticed also on some other snails.

CIRCINARIID^E.

Circinaria concava Say. The waves extend over the whole width

of the sole ; the same was seen on a very small, young specimen ;

no zones seen.

52 THE NAUTILUS.

HELICID^E.

Polygyra h!rsuta,fraterna, tridentata,fraudulenta, injlecta,palliata,

mitchelliana, thyroide.s, albolabris and var. minor, profunda : waves

very distinct, in a rather sharply defined median zone, regularly

proceeding from the posterior end to the anterior, about 7 or 8

simultaneously in hirsuta andfraterna, 10 to 12 in the large species.

Marginal zones with fine radiating lines.

It may be noted here, in a general way, that the number of waves

is easily over-estimated, and it is somewhat difficult to count them,

if more than two to four.

Helix (Tachea) hortensis Mull. Zones plainly visible! the mar-

ginal areas rather narrow; waves, in the median, distinct.

VaUonia pulchella, excentrica, costata : no zones seen ; waves

extending over the whole width of the sole, rather fast, about four

simultaneously. The waves can be seen in lateral view, in trans-

mitted light.

NOTE. — There is a possibility, however, that in these and other

minute snails, narrow marginal zones exist and have been over-

looked, to which the waves are transmitted.

ENDODONTID^E.

Patula solitaria, alternata, perspectiva, striatella, Helicodiscus

lineatus Say : no zones seen, and no waves. It seems that the for-

mation and texture of the sole are rather different from those of

Polygyra, and more like those of Gastrodonta and Zonitoides.

PHILOMYCID^E.

Philomycus carolinensis Bosc., and another species which is prob-

ably distinct : no zones, and no waves seen.

PUPID^E.

Bifidaria armifera Say. No zones seen ; waves extending over

the whole width of the sole, about four simultaneously, rather irreg-

ular, and often disappearing before reaching the anterior end, and

apparently commencing anywhere, also stopping and quasi rebound-

ing anywhere ; in short, more irregular than in any other species.

This seems to be concordant with the jerky motion of the animal.

Vertigo ovata Say. Sole with three zones, the median one widen-

THE NAUTILUS. 53

ing towards the anterior end so that the marginals disappear.

Waves distinct, in the median zone, two to three simultaneously.

Vertigo tridentata Wolf. Waves seen ; other details in doubt.

SUCCINEID^E.

Succinea avara Say. Sole with three zones ; waves in the

median, 3-4, rapidly moving forward, each one drawing along parts

of the marginals. The surface layer moves forward and backward,

undulating, with every wave passing. When part of the foot is

detached from its support, the waves can be seen there proceeding

on the more or less contracted and folded sole.

S. retusa Lea. Three zones, median one with 4-5 waves.

PALTJDESTKINA SALSA, PILSBRY.

BY REV. HENRY AV. WINKLEY.

It seems odd that a species so widely distributed, and fairly

abundant, should have escaped the eyes of New England collectors

so long. Yet its dwelling-place is peculiar. A word as to where it

occurs may be of interest. It was first noticed by the writer at a

spot where a brook enters the marsh at Bran ford, Conn. The site

is probably three miles inland from Long Island Sound, and the

water at this spot must be fresh. Later I found it more abundant

on vegetable matter in a ditch in the marsh near the railroad in

Branford and a mile nearer the sound. The waters here would be

brackish. I have not seen the locality where Mr. Owen Bryant

found it at Cohasset. Last summer I located it in a pot hole in the

marsh at Wareham, Mass. This locality showed it in a pot hole

without an outlet. I have not seen it in such a place elsewhere.

The locality mentioned in my last article in the NAUTILUS (vol.

XXI, p. 75) where my daughter found it at East Wareham, was

among flags near the border of the Agawam river. The character

of the water may be understood from the fact that I was in mid-

stream examining Unio complanatus when she found P. salsa in the

same river. Last winter I took up a residence in Danvers, Mass.,

and have found P. salsa here. Two localities reveal it ; both are

spots where the water ebbs and flows, and not closed pot holes-

54 THE NAUTILUS.

Danvers lies back of Salem and Beverly at the headwaters of a

branching bay. A few days ago I made a trip to Plum Island.

Leaving the train at Rowley, I found P. salsa in a small ditch close

to the railroad station. A half-mile further down Litorinella minuta

was abundant in closed pot holes, but P. salsa not there. I do not

recall finding the two in company, yet they are often near neighbors.

We now have a distribution of this species from the New Haven area

in Conn., to Rowley, Mass., just north of Cape Ann, and very near

the New Hampshire line.

A NEW C(ECUM.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

Caecum Johnsoni n. sp.

Shell minute, tusk-shaped, slightly tapering, lightly curved. 2^

mm. in length, ^ to f of a millimeter in diameter. Apex plug pro-

trudes in a dome shape. Aperture circular, end of the tube at the

apex is at right angles to the longer axis of the cylinder. Aperture

end at an angle, sloping towards the convex side, color dull white to

horn color, surface marked by lines of growth, but not ribbed.

Dredged at Woods Hole, Mass., on gravel bottom in 2 to 3

fathoms. Easily mistaken for C. pulchellum. In size, color and form

it resembles that species but lacks the ribs, and the dome-shaped plug

in the apex is not seen in pulchellum. Types in Winkley collection.

It gives me much pleasure to name this shell for one who has

shown himself a lover of the science, and a friend to his fellow-

workers, Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Boston Society of Natural

History.

A SMALL ADDITION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DANISH

MOLLUSCAN FAUNA.

BY HANS SCHLESCH, COPENHAGEN.

About 15 miles north of Copenhagen on the beautiful coast of the

Sound stands the pretty village of Rungsted, where many well-to-do

people from Copenhagen have their summer villas. Between

Rungsted and Horsholm (German Hirschholm) and a mile to the

TUB NAUTILUS. 55

west, where King Christian VI erected a castle, we find a woods

called " Polehaven." It was formerly used as a park for the now

demolished castle. In the edge of the woods opposite the railway

station of Rungsted and in the meadow between the woods and

Rungsted I found the species of mollusks mentioned below. My

friend Mr. Niels Petersen has assisted me in collecting these.

Limax maximus Linne, is very rare. I have also found some

other species of Limax, but up to now I have not been able to

determine them.

Vitrina peliucida Mu'ller, is very common.

Arion empiricorum Ferussac is found over the whole place.

Besides Polita cellaria Mu'ller, some other species of Hyalina as

Conulas fulvus Miiller are found at both localities.

Punctum pygmaeum Drapar- Tachea h. v. fascis-transparenti

naud. bus (= v. albina).

Patula rotundata Mu'ller. Helicogena pomatia Linne.

Vallonia pidchella Mu'ller. Clausiliastra laminata Montagu.

Vallonia costata Miiller. Clausiliastra L v. granulata Zieg-

Trichia hispida Linne. ler.

Monacha incarnata Miiller. Pirostoma bidentata Strom.

Eulota fruticum Miiller. Pirostoma b. v. septentrionalis A.

Eulota f. v.fasciata Moq. Tand. Schmidt.

Eulota f. v. alba-unifasciata Hesp. Pirostoma plicatula Draparnaud.

Eulota f. v. abina. Pirostoma pumila Ziegler.

Arianta arbustorum Linne. Napaeus obscurus Miiller.

Arianta a. v.trochoidalisHoffia.en. Vertigo antivertigo Miiller.

Arianta a. v. roseolabiata Schlesch Vertigo pusilla Mu'ller.

nov. var.1 Vertigo angustior Jeffreys.

Arianta a.f. scalaris. One spe- Cochlicopa lubrica Miiller.

cimen only. Succinea putris Linne.

Tachea nemoralis Linne.2 Succinea p. v. albina.

Tachea n. f. major. Succinea pfeifferi Rossmassler.

Tachea horttnsis Miiller. Succinea p. v. albina.

Tachea h. v. roseolabiata. Carychium minimum Mu'lW.

1 The mouth brim is rose-colored as Tachea hortensis Miiller var. roseolabiata

Rare.

3 Mr. Niels Petersen has given me some specimens found at Rungsted, the

ribs of which are so marked that they look as if they belonged to Tachea

austriaca Miihlfeldt.

56 THE NAUTILUS.

MESESCHIZA GEOSVENORII, LEA.

BY A. A. HINKLEY.

A few remarks on this subject in addition to the writer's notes in

the NAUTILUS for May, 1901, may not be amiss. The Wabash

river was visited in August of the present year, at several places in

Posy county, Indiana. The writer was determined to find the form

described by Dr. Lea under the above name if it still existed.

On the " Chains " where a stream of water passed with consider-

able current, the young Angitrema armigera were in large numbers

on the under side of the rocks. Here the Meseschiza form was

found quite plentiful, and some three hundred specimens were taken.

It is a characteristic lot of young Angitrema armigera, with the ex-

ception of the notch in the lip, showing all the variations of color

markings. The notch varies as to development and location. Of

the specimens taken, twenty-five per cent, or more have the notch at

the perifery ; in many of these a line of lighter color is left to mark

the former positions of the notch, this line does not precede the notch

on any other part of the shell.

These notched forms were only found where the water had a

strong current ; and it was not confined entirely to Angitrema

armigera) for specimens of Pleurocera and Vivipara siibpurpurea

were taken in the same situation with the same peculiar notch.

Pyrgulopsis wabashensis was found on water plants in quiet water,

on moss-covered rocks and timbers where there was some current at

the water's edge, and at the old dam near New Harmony they were

found in mid-stream, on rocks covered with a little moss and

sediment.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HAWAIIAN MARINE SHELLS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND E. G. VANATTA.

BlTTIUM HILOENSE n. Sp. Fig. 1.

The shell has the usual oblong-turrite shape, and is uniform yel-

lowish gray-white except the swollen, slightly exserted first whorl,

THE NAUTILUS.

57

which is opaque white and smooth. Subsequent whorls are flattened

but separated by a deep suture, the earlier ones having two spiral

beaded cords. At the end of the first 3^ to 4 whorls a third spiral

cord appears. The last whorl is rounded periferally, and has about

10 spiral cords, separated by spaces of about their own width ; the

upper 5 or 6 are nodose at the intersections of low, narrow, vertical

folds, which do not extend below the perifery. The last whorl has

a low, rounded, rather massive varix behind the outer lip. Aperture

oval, produced in a short, deep channel at the base.

Length 3.34, diam. 1.39 mm.; whorls 6^.

Hilo, Hawaii. Types no. 95906 A. N. S. P., collected by Mr.

D. Thaanum.

This tiny Bittium is somewhat related to B. leucocephalum Wat-

FIG. 1.

FIG. 2.

FIG. 3.

son, described from the reef at Honolulu, from which it differs in

many details of shape and sculpture. Watson's type is evidently an

immature shell, smaller than B. hiloense, but it has 8 whorls, while

hiloense has but 6^.

Torinia discoidea sterkii n. subsp. Fig. 2.

The shell is depressed, biconvex with flat perifery, widely umbili-

cate, the width of umbilicus contained 2.6 times in that of the shell.

58 THE NAUTILUS.

First whorl is smooth, convex and bicolored, a spiral deep reddish-

brown band half the width of the whorl revolving below the suture ;

on the second whorl this band spreads, becomes diluted, and finally

disappears. Last whorl grayish, with white and brown spots along

the periferal beaded cords. The last whorl has 5 beaded spiral

cords above, the first and fifth larger ; a beaded spiral lies between

the two cords at the periferal angles. The base has 7 beaded spirals,

the outer one and three inner larger than the others. Suture chan-

neled. Alt. 2.3, diam. 4.6 mm.

Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, H. I. (F. Stearns). Types in the

collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, No.

93833.

Differs from typical T. discoidea Pease in having one more spiral

row of beads on the upper surface of the whorls and in having a

small spiral row of beads between the two peripheral larger rows.

It is also darker in color. The type specimens were picked from

shell-sand by Dr. V. Sterki, in whose honor it is named. The same

form was taken at the Marquesas Islands by C. D. Voy.

TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) THAANUMI n. Sp. Fig. 8.

The shell is very slender, turrite, slowly tapering, a little more

rapidly so near the summit; somewhat translucent white. One

nuclear whorl is planorboid, its axis not quite at a right angle with

that of the shell, but a little oblique. Post-nuclear whorls are

sculptured with rounded ribs, slightly oblique and gently sigmoid,

equal to the intervals, and extending from suture to suture. On the

last whorl there are 22 axial ribs ; and the intervals parting them

stop abruptly a short distance below the periphery, leaving the rest

of the base smooth. There is no spiral sculpture. The sutures are

deeply impressed ; whorls evenly convex. The aperture is about

one-fifth the total length, ovate. Columella nearly straight, some-

what concave below, gently convex above.

Length 3.1, diam. 0.82 mm.; post-nuclear whorls 8£.

Hilo, Hawaii. Type no. 95907 A. N. S. P., collected by Mr. D.

Thaanum.

This species differs from the Hawaiian T. decussata Pease by the

absence of spiral sculpture.

THE NAUTILUS. 59

NOTES.

Those interested in that most fascinating group, the Cephalopoda,

are quite likely to overlook a recent interesting contribution to our

knowledge of the natural history of two of the larger species of

cuttlefish and squid. The reference is to a chapter called (some-

what misleadingly since largely occupied with an account of the

Californian octopus Polypus punctatus) "Ten Armed Game," occu-

pying pp. 49-64 in Charles F. Holder's book " Big Game At Sea"

(The Outing Publishing Co., 1908).

The book is an account of sporting experiences written for sports-

men and by no means pretends to be scientific, but bears internal

evidence that the author is quite aware not only of the difference be-

tween imagination and testimony to fact, but of the distinction be-

tween first and second-hand testimony. In short, one judges that

he has actually seen and done just about what he says he has—

though he does not purport to state with the accuracy of a trained

naturalist — and if so he has had experiences with giant forms of

cephalopods most rare to men sufficiently educated to put them

before the public.

There are three excellent full-page photographs, two of " giant

octopi " from California (one "fifteen feet across" — i. e., tip to tip

of spread tentacles — the other, size not given, said in text to grow to

twenty-five or thirty feet), and one of a ''large squid caught at

Avalon, Santa Catalina Ids.," by the author. The latter picture is

extraordinary if not absolutely unique. It does not look " faked,"

unless perhaps about the eye, and the animal appears fresh if not

actually alive, while the detail is clear. Unfortunately no measure-

ments are given, nor is there any object in the picture to serve as a

scale, while the text is annoyingly ambiguous. The author states

that the length of the largest squid actually handled and measured

by him was fifty feet (of which the long pair of tentacles made

thirty), but rather implies that this was a Newfoundland specimen,

presumably of Arckiteuthis princeps which Verrill has so elucidated.

Squids ranging from seven to eight feet in length are stated to be

common on the California coast, where they may be watched in

schools from boats — one would think with some slight misgivings if

the boat were very small. Probably the figure is of one of these,

though it somehow gives the impression of being larger — at all

events it is self-evidently not an Architeuthis.

60 THE NAUTILUS.

Those interested must read the chapter for themselves and regret

its shortness and shortcomings, with the hope that the author may

give students the benefit of a more full and exact account of the re-

sults of his unusual opportunities in this direction.

Anyone who has ever studied living squids cannot but delight in

his simile of the sheet-lightning of a setting thunder-storm for the

color-play of the chromatophores. At all events it bears the hall-

mark of genuine observation. — F. N. BALCH.

LOTORIUM FELIPPONEI n. sp. by H. von Ihering, Buenos Aires,

1908. A new species of the " Triton " pileare group is described

and figured in this paper, issued as a separate publication. It was

found at Maldanado, Uruguay, by Dr. Florentine Felippone, of

Montevideo.

ERRATA — In the June number, the following corrections should

be made. Page 15, line 19, for " [now Bergh] " read [non Bergh].

P. 16, line 9, for "now" read "non Coryphella bostoniensis

(Couth.)."

MRS. GEORGE ANDREWS died at her home, Circle Park, Knox-

ville, Tenn., on Saturday, September 5th. Many conchologists,

especially those of us whose activity in the science dates back twenty

years or more, were friends or correspondents of Mrs. Andrews, and

will hear of her death with sorrow. A notice of Mrs. Andrews's life

will follow.

MR. JAS. H. FERRISS is exploring the mountains of Arizona for

land shells, ferns, etc., intending to return about the first of No-

vember.

DR. JOHN B. TRASK, a pioneer of science on the West Coast, is

the subject of an interesting article by Dr. R. E. C. Stearns (Science,

Aug. 21). Trask went to California in 1850 and was one of the

little coterie who founded the California Academy of Science. He

discovered many mollusks, among other scientific labors, Epiphrag-

mophora traski, and several other species bear his name.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII. NOVEMBER, 19O8. No. 7.

A GIGANTIC SOLEMYA AND A NEW VESICOMYA.

BY WILLIAM IIEALEY DALL.

In the course of the Albatross dredgings in the Philippines during

the period in which Dr. Paul Bartsch of the U. S. National Museum

was attached to the scientific staff of that vessel, a dredging was

made between the islands of Ticao and Masbate in 600 fathoms.

Among the objects obtained from this haul (station 5215) was the

fresh shell of a Solemya, which, compared with the previously known

species, may be regarded as enormous. Nothing remained of the

soft parts which had evidently been but recently lost.

Solemya (Acharax) bartschii n. sp.

Shell subcylindrical, gaping at the ends and along the base, cov-

ered with a strong polished black periostracum which extends over

the margins, being continuous over the dorsal portion between the

valves and produced beyond the edges of the shelly portion, basally

about 40, in front about 35, and behind about 15 millimeters. In

life this produced periostracum, undoubtedly covers and protects the

portions of the surface of the animal not sheltered by the calcified

valves ; the margin at the anterior end is not split into strips cor-

responding lo the radii of the shell as in the large American species

of the group, but preserves ils continuity and is contracted margin-

ally so that in life it must closely cover the whole anterior end of the

animal, in a dome-like manner. Internally the ligament is wholly

62 THE NAUTILUS.

opisthodetic but in front of the beaks the periostracum is produced

inside the dorsal margin as well as externally. This interior exten-

sion covers a narrow strip of the thickened dorsal margin of each of

the valves, leaving about two-thirds of these pseudo-nymphs bare and

strongly radially grooved and striate, the radii diverging from the

dorsal margin of the valves slightly in front of the beaks, and doubt-

less serving to make more efficient the local attachment of the

periostracum, which is here thickened and expanded. The ligament

is wide and strong, external, but visible in the gap between the

valves behind the beaks and supported by heavily calcified nymphs.

Behind the nymphs the dorsal margin of the shell on each side ex-

hibits a long and conspicuous indentation. The valves are heavily

calcified, internally radiately striate, the ventral margin straight, the

dorsal margin nearly parallel to it except as modified by the nymphs,

the two valves touching only near the beaks, which are low but

swollen, the rather narrow dorsal interval between the valves being

covered by a continuous sheet of the thick periostracum. The

posterior muscular impression is of moderate size and obliquely

ovate, the anterior smaller, narrow and rhomboid in shape; the pal-

lial line is obscure and continuous, situated close to the margin of

the valves; externally the surface is smooth except for lines of

growth and a number of shallow, wide, radiating channels which

proceed from the beaks toward the margin of the valves, where they

produce a certain amount of undulation. Anteriorly there are eight,

posteriorly six of these channels, with a median space which has no

rays, and, on the basal margin of the valves, is about 50 mm. wide.

The beaks are about 75.0 mm., in front of the posterior end. The

shelly part of the valves is 191 mm. long (the total length including

periostracum is about 240 mm.), the height 62 mm. (with periostra-

cum about 100 mm.), and the estimated diameter of the valves in

life about 60 mm.

The perfect condition of this specimen enables us to understand

the origin and use of the striated and thickened area of the an-

terior dorsal margin of the values, already noted by me in S. (A.)

agassizii from the Gulf of Panama. To preserve it in its present

satisfactory state it will be kept in alcohol.

With this remarkable specimen was obtained an interesting shell

of Vesicomya, also without the soft parts, which may be described as

follows :

THE NAUTILUS. 63

Vesicomya ticaom'ca n. sp.

Shell ovate, tumid, inequilateral, with the beaks within the anterior

fourth of the length, low, prosocoelous, tumid, overhanging a large

cordate lunule, of which the left valve carries a somewhat large por-

tion ; surface rude, sculptured irregularly and strongly by incre-

mental lines; periostracum brownish, covering a livid whitish shell;

ligament rather long, set in a deep, narrow groove; hinge as usual in

the genus; interior chalky-white except the polished muscular im-

pressions; pallial line broad, slightly irregular, with a feeble insinu-

ation below the posterior adductor scars; shell thin, margins entire.

Lengtli 63, height 45, diameter 30, the beaks behind the anterior

end 15 mm. The ligament is about 22, and the lunule 14 mm. in

length. The shell is more tumid and more attenuated in front of

the beaks than any other described species and exceeds most of them

in size.

THE MOLLUSCA OF MCLENNAN COUNTY, TEXAS.

BY JOHN K. STUECKER, JR.

In 1883, Mr. Henry Hemphill sent a few species of shells from

Waco, to Dr. W. G. Binney. These specimens are now in the

Binney collection in the United States National Museum (see Manual

of American Land Shells, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., No. 28, 1885,

pp. 477, 485, etc.). I have been unable to find any examples of

two of the species recorded, i. e., Praticolella griseola Pfr. and

Vitrea sculptilis Bland.1

In Singley's list of Texas Mollusca (Report Geol. Survey of

Texas, 1893, pp. 299-343) several species of McLennan county

shells are mentioned. I include Bulimulus d. schiediunus Pfr.

in my list on this authority, although I have not collected it personally.

Examples of all of the other species mentioned in this paper have

been collected by me during the past two years. Future investiga-

tions will doubtless bring others to light but as local lists of Texas

1The records of these two species from Waco are in all probability erroneous ;

the specimens identified as griseola must be a thin form of P. berlandieriana,&uA

the supposed V. sculptilis is V. indentata umbilicata. — ED.

C>4 THE NAUTILUS.

Mollusca are exceedingly few and far between, I feel that my list is

sufficiently complete for publication at this time.

During the present year, the heavy rises and great floods have

played havoc with the various species of univalves inhabiting our

smaller streams. In 1907 a light-colored variety of Planorbis

tumidus Pfr. was found in Waco Creek in countless thousands but

in July of the present year repeated visits to the most favorable

places on this stream failed to result in the finding of a single living

specimen.

In April, 1908, I collected a large number of examples of Lymncea

bulirnoides techella Hald and Physa mexicana conoidea C. & F. in a

small stream flowing through Lindsey's Hollow. As my time was

limited, I left the collecting of a still larger series until another time.

A month later, during the flood, all of the mollusks in the stream

were washed into the Brazos River.

On the other hand, the drying-up of most of the smaller water

courses in the latter part of the summer is also responsible for the

destruction of many species. In places along Hog Creek, during

the dry season, I have found thousands of fresh dead shells of Physa

forsheyi Lea, Planorbis bicarinatus Say and Planorbis tumidus Pfr.

lying together in one heap. In the same place, on a bed of sand and

gravel, I have found half-grown living examples of Anodonta im-

becilis Say. The bed of this stream, in some places, is composed of

pebbles and small boulders to a depth of 18 or 20 inches, and when

the naiads are left high and dry it is impossible for them to burrow

down to the line of moisture.

At Day's Lake I have found living specimens of a variety of Unio

tetralasmus Say that must have been out of the water for several

months. They were half buried in a bank of dry earth about five

feet above the water line. This Unio is much more tenacious of life

than our species of Quadrula and Lampsilis, as a very few hours in

the sun usually suffices to kill them.

Thanks are due to Mr. Bryant Walker of Detroit who kindly

identified most of the species on the list. Also to Mr. W. B.

Marshall, U. S. Natl. Mus. Washington, D. C., and Dr. W. S.

Strode, Lewistown, 111., to whom the others were referred.

THE NAUTILUS.

65

Helicina orbiculata tropica Jan.

Praticolella berlandieriana Mor-

icand.

Praticolella griseola Pfr.

Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea.

Polygyra dorfeuilliana sampsoni

Weth.

Polygyra mooreana W. G. B.

Polygyra texasiana Mori can d.

Polygyra roemeri Pfr.

Polygyra monodon fraterna Say.

Bulimulus dealbatus liquabilus

Rve.

Bilimulus dealbatus mooreanus

Pfr.

Bulimulus dealbatus schiedi-

anus Pfr.

Strobilops labyrinthica texasi-

ana P. & F.

Pupoides marginatus Say.

Bifidaria armifera Say.

Bifidaria contracta Say.

Bifidaria tappaniana C. B. Ad.

Bifidaria pentodon Say.

Bifidaria procera cristata P.& F.

Bifidaria pellucida hordeacella

Pils.

Vitrea sculptilis Bland.

Vitrea indentata Say.

Vitrea indentata umbilicata

Singley.

Vitrea dalliana roemeri P. & F.

Euconulus fulvus Mull.

'Euconulus chersinus trochulus

Reinh.

Zonitoides arboreus Say.

Zonitoides minusculus Binn.

Zonitoides singleyanus Pils.

Limax flavus Linn.

Philomycus carolinensis Bosc.

Pyramidula alternata Say.

Helicodiscus eigenmanni P. & F.

Punctum pygmoeuni Drap.

Succinea avara Say.

Carychium exile II. C. Lea.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say.

Planorbis liebmanni Pfr.

Planorbis parvus Say.

Planorbis trivolvis Say.

Planorbis tumidus Pfr.

Physa mexicana Ph.

Physa mexicana conoidea C.& F.

Physa forsheyi Lea.

Physa rhomboidea Crandall.

Physa osculans Hald.

Amnicola peracuta P. & W.

Lymnaea desidiosa Say. (Variety?)

Lymnaea bulimoides techella Hald.

Calyculina transversa Say.

Tritogonia tuberculata Barnes.

Quadrula forsheyi Lea.

Quadrula aurea Lea.

Quadrula pustulosa Lea. (Smooth

variety.)

Anodonta imbecilis Say.

Lampsilis gracilis Barnes.

Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck.

(Variety.)

Lampsilis berlandieri Lea.

Lampsilis berlandieri Lea. (Va-

riety.)

Lampsilis anodontoides Say.

Lampsilis parvus Barnes.

Lampsilis texasensis Lea.

Lampsilis ventricosus satur Lea.

Lampsilis laevissimus Lea.

Plagiola macrodon Lea.

Unio tetralasmus Say.

Unio tetralasmus manubius Say.

Unio tetralasmus camptodon Say.

66 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES.

Polygyra mooreana W. G. B.

Near the gravel pit north of Waco, I found two adult and three

juvenile specimens of a variety of tins species with a hirsute epi-

dermis. Three of these were found under a rock lying at the foot of

gravel bank. A fourth was attached to the under side of a plank

lying across a spring about three or four yards away. The fifth ex-

ample was crawling around in the damp grass about a yard from the

spring. In the living specimen, the hairs are very conspicuous and

stand straight out from the shell. Living examples of the ordinary

type were afterwards found on all the surrounding elevations, but

the hirsute variety seems to be confined to the vicinity of the spring.

Limax flavus L.

This species is now common, but must have been introduced

within the last three years. Prior to that time a great many slugs

were collected by students of the Biological Department of Baylor

University. These are now in the University Museum, and all prove

to be specimens of the native species Philomycus carolinensis Bosc.

Most of my examples of L.flavus were captured during the spring of

the present year.

Planorbis trivolvis Say.

This pond snail is rare. All of the examples I have seen came

from Day's Lake about five miles notheast of Waco.

Planorbis tumidus Pfr.

This species is our most abundant Planorbis. A large, light-

colored variety was formerly abundant in Waco Creek. A small,

depressed form is found in Hog Creek in considerable numbers.

Physa sp.

Imperfect specimens of an indeterminate Physa were picked out

of drift material on the Middle Bosque River. The spire was broken

in all these specimens and while Bryant Walker stated that he was

certain that they were different from anything that I had sent him

before, he was unwilling to attempt to name them until he could ex-

amine more perfect material.

Lymnsea sp.

We have at least one other species of Lymncza but of this form only

juvenile examples, too young for determination, have been collected.

Quadrula pustulosa Lea.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

A smooth variety of this species is found associated with Quadrula

aurea Lea. In this variety there are only a few small pustules near

the umbones and in some specimens even these are lacking. Speci-

mens identified by F. C. Baker and Bryant Walker. Several pus-

tulous shells of this species that were supposed to have been collected

in this county, prove to have come from southern Illinois.

Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck (Variety).

A number of shells from near Mussel Island in the North Bosque

River were first identified as typical L. purpuratus Lk. Later ex-

amples of the same type were identified as typical L. bertandieri by

Dr. W. S. Strode and Mr. Bryant Walker. The last-mentioned

gentleman found three different forms in a second sending from the

same locality. These he designates as

Lampsilis berlandieri Lea.

Lampsilis berlandieri Lea var.

Lampsilis purpuratus Lamarck var.

The variety of L. berlandieri Lk., is very variable in the color of

the nacre which ranges from white, through pink and salmon, to

dark purple. These shells were found in the ripples above Mussel

Island while the examples of the typical form and the specimens of

L. purpuratus var., were found in a large bed some distance below.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINELLIDAE, FROM THE

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

BY D. D. BALDWIN.

Partulina winniei n. sp.

Shell sinistral, subperforate, rather thin, elongately conical, apex

subacute; surface shining, striated with fine growth lines, and under

a lens showing very close and delicate decussating spiral striae ;

nuclear whorls faintly decussated. Color white, striped and mottled

irregularly with longitudinal dark brown streaks ; apex white.

Whorls 6, slightly convex, margined above. Aperture oblique,

oval, purplish-white within. Peristome acute, thickened within,

columellar margin reflexed. Columella terminating in a slight,

flexuous, white fold.

Length 16; diam. 8 mm.

68 THE NAUTILUS.

Habitat, Kahakuloa, West Maui.

This shell is the Maui counterpart of Part, theodorei, Bald., a

much larger shell found on the Island of Molokai.

Named in honor of Miss Winnie of Walluku, Maui.

Partulina mutabilis, n. sp.

Shell dextral or sinistral, minutely perforated, somewhat solid,

acuminately conical, apex subacute ; surface shining, marked with

delicate incremental striae, under a lens exhibiting very close decus-

sating, spiral striae ; apical whorls smooth. Color varying from

pure white to dark fulvous, often variously striped with brown lines

and bands, some on the base and others spiral. Whorls 6, convex,

margined above, suture well impressed. Aperture oblique, oval,

white within, columella margin reflexed. Peristome acute, thick-

ened within. Columella terminating in a well-developed, flexuous

white fold.

Length 16 ; diam. 10 mm.

Habitat, Waichu Valley, West Maui.

This shell seems to be the Maui counterpart of Partulina varia-

bilis, Nc. a larger shell which is found on the neighboring island of

Lanai.

Laminella duoplicata, n. sp.

Shell sinistral, sometimes slightly perforated, thin, elongately con-

ical, apex obtuse ; surface shining, marked with fine growth striae,

nuclear whorls smooth. Color light yellow, marked with somewhat

regular black lineations, apex black, whorls six , convex ; suture

well impressed. Aperture a little oblique, oval, white within.

Peristome simple, very thin. Columella white, biplicate, the

terminal plication a thin, oblique lamellar plait, the inner one less

prominent.

Length 12 ; diam. 6 mm.

Habitat, Waichu Valley, West Maui.

This and the following species are important additions to the

Laminellae of Maui. The only previously described Maui species of

this section are Lam. picta, Migh., Lam. alexandri, Nc. and Lam.

erecta Pse.

Laminella aspera, n. sp.

Shell sinistral, minutely perforated, thin, conical, apex obtuse,

TIIK NAUTILUS. 69

surface exhibiting very coarse and irregular growth striae. Color

yellow, plain or marked with irregular black lineations, apex black.

Whorls 6, convex; suture well impressed. Aperture a little oblique,

sub-rotund, yellowish within. Peristome simple, very thin. Colum-

ella white, biplicate, not prominent.

Length 10; diam. 7 mm.

Habitat, Wailuku valley, West Maui.

This species is remarkable for the very coarse and irregular growth

strias exhibited on its surface.

Cotypes of these species deposited in the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

will be figured in the next volume of the Manual of Conchology.

THE MIOCENE SPECIES OF LYMNAEA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

In Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Dec., 1906, I described two small

species of Lymnaa from the miocene beds of Florissant. In 1907,

at station 1, I found a much larger species, unfortunately not in the

best state of preservation. 1 hoped to find more material in 1908,

but as none was obtained, a description from the original type is now

offered.

Lymncea florissantica, n. sp.

Length 21 mm.; diameter about 10^; spire short, scarcely over 5

mm. long, the whorls moderately convex ; body-whorl not very con-

vex, with coarse, shallow, vertical grooves. In Baker's key in his

Mollusca of the Chicago Area, it runs nearest to L. palustris, but it

is not at all like that species. It is in reality a miocene representa-

tive of L. emarginata. In Mr. O. O. Nylander's series of figures of

L. emarginata (published by the author in a pamphlet, 1901),

it closely resembles PI. 1, f. 7, except that it is distinctly more

slender, and the base is narrower, about as in fig. 8, though the rest

of the shell is not at all like fig. 8.

The following table separates the miocene species of Lymncea.

Spire short and rather obtuse,

body-whorl large 1 .

70 THE NAUTILUS.

Spire rather or quite long, acute,

the apex slender 2.

1. Length over 20 mm., apparently

related to L. emarginata . . . L. florissantica, n. sp.

Length 6 mm. or less, perhaps

related to L. catascopium . . L. scudderi Ckll.

2. Small species, about 8 mm. long,

closely related to L. truncatula . L. sieverti Ckll.

Larger species, over 18 mm. long . 3.

3. Smaller, aperture about half

length of shell ; apparently re-

lated to L. palustris . . . . L. shumardi Meek & Hayden.

Larger, aperture over half length

of shell ; apparently related

to L. stagnalis L. meekii Evans & Shumard.

L. slmmardi and meekii are from the White R. beds ; the others

are from Florissant. Lymncza was extraordinarily well developed

in the Oligocene of Britain. As my memory serves me it seems

that the minor modern groups were already well marked, arid it may

be considered probable that the types of L. stagnalis, palustris and

truncatula, at least, were developed first in the old woi'ld, and reached

America during the tertiary period. This is also suggested by the

fact that the older (Laramie and Eocene) American species of

LymncRa, do not suggest the modern circumpolar groups.

FALSE SHELLS.

BY C. W. JOHNSON.

Among the many specimens received from young collectors for

determination there are occasionally non-molluscan forms so closely re-

sembling shells, that they have been mistaken for mollusks ; in fact,

they have even deceived some of the more experienced concholo-

gists.

In the more primitive Crustacea, including the Phyllopoda, espe-

cially in the family Estheriidtz and the Gladocera and Ostracoda, the

carapace is largely developed and forms a broad oval shell covering

THE NAUTILUS. 71

entirely or most of the body, and divided into right and left halves,

and hinged together on the dorsal line, thus giving the appearance

of a bivalve mollusk.

Some of the insects also afford interesting examples. The larvae

of several species of caddice-flies, including the genus Helicopsyche,

make spiral cases in which they live clinging to the rocks and

stones in rapidly flowing streams. The little spiral cases composed of

grains of sand, fastened together with silken threads resemble so

closely the form of a Trochus or Valvata that Swainson (Treatise on

Malacology, p. 353, f. 113, 1840), described one as the Thelidomus

braziliensis, placing it in the family Trochidae, sub-family Rotellina.

Dr. Isaac Lea (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., iv, 104, pi. xv, f. 33, 1830),

described a similar larva case as Valvata arenifera.

In the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, xxi, p. 1, 1884, Robert

McLachlan describes and figures an " extraordinary heliciform

lepidopterous larva case from East Africa." These closely resem-

ble a high-spired Helix or Vivipara, both sinistral and dextral.

The larva case of an allied species of Southern Europe, Psyche

(Cochloplanes) helix is also figured, having the form of a small

irregular helicoid shell. Larvae of the genus Microdon of the dip-

terous family Syrphidce have twice been described as land mollusks.

Numerous worm tubes of the family Serpulidce formed by

species of Ditrupa and Pomatoceras have frequently been described

as Dentalium (see Pilsbry and Sharp, Manual Conch., xvii, 240).

NOTES.

CAUGHT IN A LIVING TRAP. — In the window of a Salem, Mass.,

store may be seen a unique sight, that of a kingfisher held tightly

in the grip of a mussel. The story is this :

This forenoon patrolman Michael J. Little while crossing Beverly

bridge, saw the bird fluttering on the flats, and he asked a fisher-

man to investigate. The latter went to the spot and there found the

bird drowned.

It had swooped down and poked its bill into the open shell of a

mussel, which suddenly closed on the bill of the bird. There the

the two remained, until the incoming tide drowned the bird. Hun-

dreds have viewed the singular sight today. — (Boston Globe).

72 THE NAUTILUS.

MARTYN'S UNIVERSAL CONCHOLOGT — In the course of his very

instructive paper on " Thomas Martyn and the Universal Concholo-

gist," in the Proc. U. S. N. M., xxix, 1905, Dr. William H. Dall

writes as follows (p. 425), " I am not aware of any other copies of the

" Universal Conchologist " in America than the one I have described

[a copy in the U. S. National Museum comprising the first eighty

plates] and a similar copy in the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia. Later in his " Supplementary Notes, etc.," in the

same Proceedings, vol. xxxiii, 1907, p. 185, Dr. Dall describes a

third copy in the possession of Mr. John B. Henderson, Jr., of Wash-

ington, likewise consisting of eighty plates, " elegantly bound."

It may be of interest to readers of THE NAUTILUS, especially those

residing on the Pacific Coast, to know that there is a fourth copy of

this rare work in the library of the Leland Stanford Junior University.

This copy comprises all four volumes of the work, including beautiful

impressions of the entire 161 plates, and is complete save for the ex-

planatory table for the plates of the third volume. The series was

the gift of Mr. Timothy Hopkins, and in this case, also, each volume

is " elegantly bound." A copy of the prospectus of the work, simi-

lar to the one described by Dr. Dall is laid into the first volume.

Beyond this the copy agrees very well with those already described

by Dr. Dall. S. S. BERRY.

HELIX ARBUSTORUJI var. ROSEOLABIATA. — The var. roseolabi-

ata, described as new by Mr. Schlesh in NAUTILUS, October, p. 55,

is var. roseolabiata Roberts, described from the British Islands many

years ago. T. D. A. COCKERELL.

MR. J. H. FERRISS, who has been getting snails, ferns and health

in the Chiricahua range, Arizona, expects to return about Novem-

ber 15th. He has not yet turned up the multicornis — a shell re-

ported to be as big as a tin-cup, with horns — but he has found many

other good things.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE V.

ALDRICH: NEW EOCENE MOLLUSCA.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII.

DECEMBER, 19O8.

No. 8.

A NEW HAWAIIAN KALIELLA.

BT H. A. PILSBRY AND E. G. VANATTA.

KALIELLA GAETANOI n. sp. Fig. 1.

The shell is perforate, thin, cream-white (the specimens being

fossil). Spire straightly conic, the apex rather obtuse. First 1^

whorls white, smooth and convex; following whorls are flattened,

finely, rather weakly and irregularly

striate radially, the base being irreg-

ularly radially striate, with fine micro-

scopic engraved spiral lines. Whorls

5^, very slowly widening, the last

acutely carinate, this carina showing

immediately above the suture as a

narrow seam. The base is convex.

The aperture is narrow, truncate at the ends, basal and parietal

margins parallel. Columellar margin is short, subvertical, with the

edge narrowly expanded.

Alt. 2.87 ; diam. 4.84 mm.

Palihoukapapa, Hawaii, fossil. Type No. 95779 A. N. S. P.,

from No. 4730 of Mr. D. Thaanum's collection.

Kaliella subtilissima (Gld.) and K. konaensis Sykes are both less

elevated species, otherwise related. Named for the discoverer of the

Hawaiian Islands.

FIG. 1.

74 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA AND MISSISSIPPI.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

KELLIA INTERSTRIATA n. sp. PL v, figs. 1, 2.

Shell orbicular, slightly inequilateral, very much the shape of a

tumid Diplodonta, surface smooth except in the medial part where it

is distinctly striated. These striae are rather coarse, extending to

the basal margin, but they stop at the umbo. Beaks rounded, fairly

prominent, pointing inward, and terminate directly above one of the

semi-laterals ; no lunule. Dentition normal. Length, breadth and

thickness about 5 mm.

LOCALITY. Enterprise, Miss. Top of Burrstone.

REMARKS : This shell has the general shape and outline of K.

suborbicularis, Mont., also a similar dentition. It is peculiar in

carrying the medial striations.

Kellia prima Aldr. is a Bornia according to Prof. W. H. Dall.

CANCELLARIA ? SOTOENSIS n. sp. PI. v. fig. 3.

Shell small, whorls about seven, the first two and a half embryonic

and smooth, the cancellation beginning on the second half of the

third whorl : the remaining whorls strongly cancellated, the body

whorl contains 12 spiral lines, while the longitudinals are nearly

three times as many ; slightly nodular at the intersection points,

suture very deep. Whorls strongly rounded. Base somewhat

rounded. Aperture oblong, outer lip denticulated within, inner lip

rather twisted, and carrying a small fold near the base. Umbilicus

not entirely closed.

Length 8 mm. ; width body whorl 3 mm.

LOCALITY. De Soto, Miss. Claibornian.

REMARKS : This little shell is more slender in shape than the

drawing shows, and the suture is much more deeply impressed. It

has somewhat the aspect of a Scala.

CORBULA CLARKEANA n. sp. PI. V, figs. 4, 5.

Shell small, medium thickness, valves moderately inflated. Beaks

not very prominent, polished, a groove running from beaks to base in

the largest specimens, nearly in the middle of the shell. Valves

marked with a few impressed lines of growth wide apart ; the outer

THE NAUTILUS. 75

surface having a polished look ; smooth internally, cardinal tooth

large, projecting.

Lon. 3£ mm. ; alt. 3 mm.

LOCALITY. Wood's Bluff, Ala.

REMARKS : This little shell differs from any Corbula known to

the writer by its polished appearance, and its few impressed lines,

rare. One small valve does not have any depression running from

beak to base, but is quite regularly rounded.

ARCA (BARBATIA) LIGNITIFERA n. sp. PI. v, figs. 6, 7.

Shell small, thin, extremities rounded, moderately convex, beaks

small and flattened ; surface marked by many radial riblets crossed by

irregularly spaced lines of growth ; a depressed area running from

beaks to base nearly central ; valves smooth internally, but showing

faint lines corresponding to some of the riblets. Hinge line long,

slightly curved ; the hinge carries four close-set teeth anteriorly,

next a short vacant space, and then ten to thirteen small teeth,

larger and more nearly parallel to the hinge line as they approach

the posterior.

Lon. 5 mm. ; alt. 3 mm.

LOCALITY. Six miles east of Thomasville, Ala., Wood's Bluff

horizon.

SlGARETUS (EUNATICINA) ERECTOIDES n. Sp. PI. V, figS. 8, 9.

Shell small, thin, whorls five rapidly enlarging, apex somewhat

twisted ; the first two whorls smooth, the others covered with very

numerous fine raised lines which become coarser on the body whorl.

Aperture oblong, nearly twice as long as broad ; outer lip slightly

thickened ; umbilicus channeled, and slightly open.

Lon. 6^ mm.; diam. 4 mm.

LOCALITY. De Soto, Miss., Claibornian.

REMARKS : This little shell has very much the form of a small

Succinea, and resembles in miniature the living forms of the subgenus.

VERTICORDIA (HALIRIS) GRANULOIDES n. sp. PI. v, fig. 10.

Shell small, rather rotund, surface with numerous rounded ribs,

about nineteen in the type; they are granulated under a glass, and

rather scabrous between the ribs, especially on the anterior. Pos-

terior slope slightly angulated ; basal margin crenulated. The riba

76 THE NAUTILUS.

also show through the body of the shell. Beak small and smooth,

the cardinal tooth strongly projecting.

Lon. 2^ mm.; alt. 2^ mm.

LOCALITY. Wood's Bluff, Ala.

REMARKS : This species is mentioned by Prof. Ball as Vertieor-

dia sp. indet. The description is made from a good specimen found

by the writer. The shell is rather small for even this genus.

ACTEON POMILIUS Con., var. MULTANNULATUS. n. var. PI. v.

fig. 11.

The specimen here figured differs from the typical form by having

much more numerous raised lines with shallower interspaces. The

spire is higher and the shell more slender. The Acteon found by me

at Wood's Bluff is different from the form figured by Prof. G. D.

Harris, not having any smooth space on the body-whorl. These so-

called species appear to belong in one basket.

Height 9 mm.; diam. 6 mm.

LOCALITY. Six miles east of Thomasville, Ala., Wood's Bluff

beds.

LEPTON VAUGHANI n. sp. PI. V, fig. 12.

Shell small, surface smooth and shining ; lines of growth very fine,

shell rather triangular in shape, longer than high ; slightly inequila-

teral. Muscular scars showing, the posterior one rather long and

narrow.

Long. 3 mm. ; alt. 2 mm.

LOCALITY. Wood's Bluff, Ala.

REMARKS : This species seems to be an undoubted member of

this genus, as it has the proper dentition ; some specimens are equi-

lateral. Named in honor of T. Wayland Vaughn of the U. S. Geo-

logical Survey. This seems to be the first Lepton found in the

Eocene.

NEW LAND SHELLS FROM ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO.

BY GEO. H. CLAPP.

Bifidaria ( Chcenaxis) tuba subsp. intuscostata.

Differs from the type, externally, by its larger size, length 4, diam.

2 mm. and the greater number of whorls, 6J. The smallest normal

THE NAUTILUS. 77

(hell measured is 3£x l£ mm. with about 5£ whorls, and the largest

4^ x 2 mm. with 6| whorls. Internally there is a strong lamella on

the columella, which can only be seen by breaking the shell, about 2

whorls long in fully adult shells. Examination of a large number of

shells of all ages shows that this lamella is a mark of maturity, as it

does not appear until after the angular, parietal and outer columellar

lamellae have begun to form.

The arrangement and number of the other lamellae and plicae are

the same as in the type, with the usual variation as to extra denticles,

ordinarily seen in Bifidaria. The body whorl is decidedly angular at

the umbilicus, and flattened below the periphery.

Foothills of the Plumosa Range, about eight miles east of Quartz-

site, Yuma county, Arizona, in drift. Collected by Mr. Geo. S.

Hutson.

Type No. 5769 of my collection. Cotypes in Academy Natural

Sciences, Philadelphia, and U. S. National Museum.

In the peck or more of drift from which these shells were picked,

there were only two other species, Bifidaria hordeacella Pils. and

Pupoides marginatus (Say), with not even a fragment of anything

else.

In the Eagle Tail Mountains, twelve miles north of Kofa, Yuma

county, at an altitude of about 2,000 feet, Mr. Hutson found a form

which is apparently intermediate between the type and intuscostata,

in that the columellar lamella is weaker and does not extend in so

far. This is probably the form referred to by Pilsbry in Proc.

A. N. S., 1906, page 146, taken by the late Dr. Ashmun at Tempe",

Maricopa county. The habitat given by Hutson is : " In moist

places among piles of loose rock covered by decaying cactus. Asso-

ciated with these were also Bif, hordeacella and P. marginatus.

The finding of this species in Cochise, Maricopa and Yuma

counties, shows a distribution of B. tuba clear across the territory.

ASHMUNELLA KOCHII n. sp.

Shell very much depressed, almost flat above, convex below, car-

inated, the carina about in the plane of the upper surface ; sutures

well impressed, whorls 5^ ; surface almost smooth, with faint and

closely-set incremental lines ; nuclear whorl and a half finely granu-

lated ; base convex, flattened around the umbilical region ; umbilicus

deep, about 1^ mm. wide, showing a full turn of the penultimate

78 THE NAUTILUS.

whorl, termination of the body-whorl sharply descending at the

aperture to about the middle of the whorl. Aperture very oblique ;

lip obtusely angled and almost perpendicular below the middle of

the whorl ; strongly constricted behind the reflected lip ; peristome

well expanded above, narrower below, somewhat flexuous, united

over the body by a thin callus ; parietal lamellae two, converging,

but not united at the inner end into a V; the lower lamella stout,

sinuous, the outer end bent sharply towards the umbilicus; the

upper lamella low, narrow and straight, starting near the upper in-

sertion of the lip and terminating back of the front end of the lower

lamella ; basal part of the peristome with two strong lamellae trans-

verse to the lip, the upper ends converging and united at the base

on the lip, forming a U ; a broader and less transverse lamella set

more deeply within the aperture on the upper lip, a small internal

lamella on the base of the body whorl about three or four mm. long,

showing faintly through the shell.

Greater diameter 20^, lesser 18, alt. 6| mm. Black Mountain,

at the southern end of the San Andreas Range, Donna Ana county,

New Mexico, at an elevation of about 6,800 feet.

This interesting shell was first collected by Mr. Walter E. Koch

over a year ago. He sent me one perfect and one broken shell.

Lately he has sent me three additional specimens, also dead. He

reports dead shells quite plentiful in the crevices of a limestone cliff,

but was unable to find living ones. I take great pleasure in naming

the shell after him.

Type no. 5765 of my collection.

A. kochii is undoubtedly closely related to A. mearnsii, but is

very much larger, more strongly carinated, and differs markedly in

the umbilical region.

Both of these species will be figured on plate VI, to appear next

month.

NOTES ON THE GENUS 8TEOBILOPS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

The small forest-snails known as Strobilops are spread throughout

all parts of North America east of the Rockies where sylvan condi-

tions prevail, from Canada to Florida, Mexico and Central America.

THE NAUTILUS. 79

Southward the genus extends to Venezuela, and even to the Gala-

pagos Islands, if I am right in referring the little snail described as

Endodonta helleri Dall to this genus.

For many years similar snails have been known from the European

Tertiaries, beginning with the Eocene and running up with numer-

ous species through the Miocene, when the group apparently died

out in that region, though many of its companion groups survived.1

Pdre Heude, the keen and brilliant Jesuit missionary-naturalist,

described the first Asiatic Strobilops, in his memoirs on Chinese

snails, under the name Helix diodontina. He did not recognize its

kinship with other forms of Strobilops, nor has this been noticed by

any other author until the present year, when the receipt of specimens

of a Strobilops from Korea gave occasion for referring the Chinese

H. diodontina to its proper genus. The Korean species, which I

have decribed as Strobilops hirasei* is conic, like most American

species, but it is simply striate instead of being ribbed. Quite lately

a third Asiatic species has been sent by Mr. Hirase, discovered in

the main island of Japan. It will be described in the Japanese

Conchological Magazine. The finding of three species, in China,

Korea and Japan, indicates Eastern Asia as another evolution-center

for species of Strobilops. Probably still more will turn up there as

the country is further explored.

But this is not all. Several years ago Dr. O. von Moellendorff

described several small snails from the Philippine Islands under the

generic name Plectopylis : P. quadrasi with a variety brunnescens

from Luzon, and P. trochospira from Bohoi. In his able and ex-

haustive work on Plectopylis? Mr. G. K. Gude has erected a sub-

genus Enteroplax for these species, rightly holding that they differ

markedly from true Plectopylis. In reality, these Philippine snails

are nothing more or less than Strobilops, having the form, sculpture,

peristome and internal armature of this genus, the entering lamellae

or cords on the parietal wall being minutely nodose, as in American

and East Asiatic Strobilops. These Philippine species will stand as

Strobilops quadrasi (Mlldff.) and Strobilops trochospira (Mlldff.).

1 The identification of S. labyrinthica as a European fossil, recorded in Wood-

ward's Manual and copied in some American works, is erroneous. The foreign

species is quite distinct.

»The Magazine of Concbology, II, p. 39, figs. Y. Hirase, Kyoto, 1908.

•The Armature of Helicoid Land Shells, Science Gossip, 1899, p. 149.

80 THE NAUTILUS.

As to the place of origin of Strobilops we have no reliable data.

The presence of typical forms of the genus in the Eocene shows that

the group is a very old one, evolved in the Mesozoic. It is, more-

over, strikingly distinct from all other genera, and wonderfully con-

servative in general morphology. Until information from Mesozoic

strata comes to hand, we can only surmise with some probability that

Strobilops arose somewhere in the northern hemisphere. It probably

overran the entire Holarctic realm a long time ago, pushing south-

ward into the Oriental region and the American tropics at a time

remote enough to permit the evolution of strongly marked species in

these areas.

ANOTHEB LARGE MIOCENE 8CALA,

BY W. H. DALL.

Mr. W. W. Atwood of the U. S. Geological Survey has been

making a study of the Miocene strata of Alaska Peninsula and the

Shumagin Islands during the past summer, and collected a number

of interesting fossils. Among these is a specimen of a species of

Scala, or Epitonium, belonging to the group of giant Scalidae which

is so characteristic of the Miocene of Oregon and some other parts of

the Pacific coast. The list comprised the following species already

described and figured.

Opalia rugifera Dall,

Arctoscala condoni Dall,

Catenoscala oregonensis Dall ;

together with the species about to be described. The type of Arcto-

scalu is A. greenlnndica Perry, a recent species. Opalia rugifera is

a member of the group represented in the San Diego Pliocene by

0. varicostata Stearns, and in the recent fauna by 0. borealis Gould.

Catenoscala is a new group in which the anterior third of the whorl

is covered with a thick layer of enamel.

Epitonium (Acrilla) atwoodi n. sp.

Shell large, with rotund whorls rapidly increasing in size ; sur-

face covered with a low reticulate sculpture comprising low axial

lamellae, about 1.5 mm. apart on the periphery of the whorls, slightly

THE NAUTILUS. 81

retractive, pinched together and more prominent, and slightly angu-

larly bent, at the suture ; these are crossed by low rounded threads,

with wider interspaces, about a dozen on the penultimate whorl

between the sutures ; the surface is also finely sharply axially striate ;

the aperture is rounded, the outer lip slightly reflected and crenulate

by the spiral threads, but not thickened ; whorls more than five,

closely adjacent ; base (?); max. diam. 34 ; diam. at the truncate

apex 10.0; alt. of five whorls (the apex lost) about 60.0 mm.

The type specimen of this fine species, consisting of internal and

external casts, was collected about five miles south of the head

of Port Holler, in the pass leading across Alaska Peninsula called

Low Pass Canon, U. S. Nat. Mus. 111072. Illustrations are in

preparation.

(Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological

Survey.)

DESCRIPTION OF A MEXICAN LAMP8ILI8

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND L. S. FRIERSON.

Lampsilis iridella P. & F.

The shell is oblong, wider posteriorly, with the beaks at the ante-

rior two-ninths of the length ; anterior end rounded ; posterior part

sloping above, subtruncate at the end, compressed below the hinge.

Surface glossy, smoothish, obliquely corrugated along the posterior

slope (but sometimes very indistinctly so), and usually having a group

of short impressed lines or furrows vertical to the basal margin, near

the middle of the disk. Of a dull straw or pale greenish color, pro-

fusely marked with green rays, which are usually quite distinct and

narrow. The valves are thin, nacre bluish silvery, very iridescent

posteriorly. Cardinal teeth small, a single rather stout one in the

right valve, two more compressed and generally subequal teeth in

the left valve. Lateral teeth very narrow, double in the left, single

in the right valve.

Length 49, alt. 26, diam. 15 mm.

Valles, Mexico. Type no. 93810 A. N. S. P., collected by

Mr. A. A. Hinkley. Cotypes in collections of Hinkley and Frierson.

82 THE NAUTILUS.

L. iridella,, NAUTILUS, XXII, no. 8, pi. 12, two lower right

hand figs.

This species was decided to be new when we studied Mr. Hinkley's

Mexican shells in 1907, and so indicated in correspondence between

the authors and Mr. Hinkley. It was figured as Lampsilis iridella in

this journal for December, 1907. It is related to V- popei and U.

medellinus (see NAUTILUS, Nov., 1907, p. 80).

In this connection attention m'ay be called to the newly-described

Lampsilis salinasensis Simpson, in Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

1908, p. 181, pi. 30, f. 3, type loc., Salinas River, Coahuila, also

reported from Valles River, Valles, Mexico. This form is closely

related to L.jimbriata Frierson, from the same place, figured on the

same plate of the NAUTILUS with L. iridella.

NOTES.

A NOTE ON THE TYPE LOCALITY OF PALUDESTRINA SALSA, AT

COHASSET, MASS. — The largest and finest specimens were found on

rocks and eel-grass in about a foot of water and not more than three

hundred yards from where the creek empties into Cohasset harbor.

A dam and tide gates over which the salt water flows for only one or

two hours at the top of each tide prevent the water at the epot where

the shells were found from being as salty as one would expect, while

a considerable amount of fresh water received by the upper part of

the creek flows out on top of the salt water without mixing with it

completely. Therefore the surface water is only brackish, not salt,

and forms every winter very good black ice almost to the dam.

Specimens were also found on floating plants about a mile further up

the creek where the water has practically no salt in it. Dr. Pilsbry

had specimens from both localities at the time he described the

species — OWEN BRYANT.

VALVATA HUMERALIS CALIFORNICA n. subsp. The shell is

much more depressed than V- humeralis, the last whorl descending

less ; whorls convex below the suture, not flattened there as V.

humeralis is. Alt. 2.7, diam. 4 mm. Bear Lake, San Bernardino

Mts., California, collected by Mr. S. S. Berry. — H. A. PILSBRY.

HERON HELD PRISONER BY CLAM. BLOOMSBURG, PA. — Walk-

THE NAUTILUS. 83

ing along the river at Beach Haven, Augustus Remaley saw a fine

specimen of blue heron evidently unable to fly. Attracted by the

beautiful bird's distress, he discovered that a clam or fresh water

mussel had closed tightly about one of the bird's toes and held it so

securely that it could not get away. In the bird's mouth was a

imall fish — N. Y. Herald, Aug. 16, 1908.

TYPE OF AMPULLA BOLTEN — This name, proposed in the Mu-

seum Boltenianum p. 110, for species of Achatina, Limicolaria and

ffalia, evidently has precedence for some part of this assemblage. I

propose to restrict it to the last genus, Ampulla priamus Bolt, being

the type — H. A. PILSBRY.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LiTTORiNA — " The eggs of L. litorea,

each enclosed in a hat-shaped capsule, are laid freely on the shore,

not aggregated together in a gelatinous mass. There are trocho-

sphere and veliger stages. L. litorea lives down in the zone of La-

minaria and Fucus serratus. L. obtusata lives higher among Fucus

vesiculosus ; its larva leaves (he egg as a veliger. L. rudis and L.

neritoide.Si which live near high-water mark, are both viviparous.

Thus the genus exhibits three stages in the evolution of the land

from marine mollusca, with the suppression of larval forms with suc-

cessive specialisations of habit." — M. M. TATTERSALL, M. Sc., in

The Irish Naturalist, Nov. 1908, p. 238.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

REPORTS ON THE DREDGING OPERATIONS OFF THE WEST COAST

OF CENTRAL AMERICA TO THE GALAPAGOS, TO THE WEST COAST

OF MEXICO, AND IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA * * * BY THE

U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS" DURING 1891.

REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO

THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, ETC., " ALBATROSS," 1904-'05.

By WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xliii, no. 6,

October, 1908.

The dredging operations of the "Challenger," " Blake " and "Al-

batross" have made us reasonably familiar with the deep water fauna

of the western Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Gulf, but hitherto prac-

tically nothing has been known of the deep water fauna off the west-

84 THE NAUTILUS.

ern shores of Middle and South America, with which this Report

deals. A comparison of the two faunas reveals many interesting

facts. The known fauna of the eastern Pacific deep sea contains

about 300 species of mollusks, belonging to 134 generic and subgen-

eric groups. The Antillean region possesses 174 groups and a much

larger number of species. "There are practically no species com-

mon to the two regions except at the southern extreme of South

America, where a few species extend northward on both shores of

the continent, but do not reach the Antillean or Panamic regions."

The 300 species known from the Eastern Pacific deep sea fauna

belong to 67 families, but 159 of them belong to only 8 families, of

which the Turritidse or Pleurotomida (57species), Ledidtz (35 species),

Dentaliida and Pectinida are the most abundantly represented. The

Antillean deep water fauna has 174 generic and subgeneric groups,

against 144 in the Pacific, but of this number only 89 are common

to the two regions. Very many characteristic and prolific groups

in either fauna are unrepresented in the other. " These statistics

would indicate, if confirmed by further researches, that the separation

between the abyssal fauna of the Pacific and that of the Antilles is

very ancient indeed, for in the shallows many of these groups are

represented on both sides of the isthmus of Darien, yet have not yet

succeeded in reaching the deep water." The total absence of Tri~

phorida, Cerithiopsidce* Marginellida and Pyramidellidce in deep water

on the Pacific side is especially remarkable.

Some 254 new species of mollusca are described. A very useful

synopsis of the recent species and subspecies of Argonauta is given,

8 species being recognized. Much new and interesting material

for the systematic student is given, especially in the Terebrida,

Turritidce, Solemyacidce, etc., and as in all of Dr. Ball's papers, there

is a large store of information of value far beyond the limits of the

particular fauna under consideration. The changes in nomenclature

consequent on the resurrection of Bolten's Catalogue, are numerous,

and important to those engaged in similar work. Several lists are

appended, of interest to those engaged in faunistics : shells from the.

reefs and beaches of Easter Island and of Flint Island ; and a single

valve of a Pisidium, Corneocyclas magellanicus n. sp., was taken in

Magellan Straits, evidently washed in from some adjacent stream.

As the pioneer work in a new fauna, this scholarly report will be

welcomed by conchologists the world over.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE VI.

6

8

WALKER. NEW SPECIES OF SOMATOGYRUS AND CLAPPIA.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII. JANUARY, 1909. No. 9.

NEW AMNICOLID.E FROM ALABAMA.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

In the fall of 1907 Mr. Herbert H. Smith explored about twenty-

five miles of the Coosa River, lying between Chilton and Coosa

counties. Amnicolides were very abundant, and more than 15,000

specimens have been passed under examination. Among them were

the several species herein described, which appear to be new.

The principal collecting points were Cedar Island, three miles

above "Waxahatchee Creek (in THE NAUTILUS, xxi, p. 128, this

island was erroneously stated to be that distance above Yellowleaf

Creek); The Bar, two miles further down stream, and two and one-

half miles above Yellowleaf Creek (the second creek of that name);

Butting Ram Shoals, five miles below The Bar; Higgins Ferry,

seven miles further down; and Duncan Riffle, seven miles below the

Ferry. Duncan Riffle is about twenty-four miles above Wetumpka.

This interval still remains for some enterprising collector to explore.

All of the Coosa River species collected by Hinkley were also

found by Smith, with the exception of Som. aurens. S. hinkleyi,

crassus and nanus occurred in great quantity, the latter being the

most numerous. S. coosaensis, obtusus and aldrichi were less abund-

ant, but were fairly common in some localities. S. constricts still

remains the rarest of the Coosan Somatogyri, a bare half-dozen rep-

resenting the total catch. An interesting "find" was that of S.

substriatus, originally collected by Hinkley at Florence, Ala., and

Columbus, Miss.

As none of the Amnicolida collected by Mr. Smith in his journey

86 THE NAUTILUS.

by boat down the Coosa from Rome, Ga., to Widtiska Shoals, Shelby

county, Ala., in 1904-5, have been worked up, it is not at present

possible to say how far up the river any of these species extend.

SOMATOGYRUS DECIPIENS n. sp. PI. vi, figs. 10 and 11.

Shell obtusely conic, imperforate, thick, solid, light greenish-

yellow, smooth, lines of growth very fine and inconspicuous. Spire

elevated, obtuse; whorls 4, roundly shouldered below the suture,

which is well impressed ; body whorl large, shouldered above, flat-

tened on the sides and obliquely angled below and descending to the

axis. Aperture very oblique, obovate, obtusely angled above and

widening toward the base, which is slightly emarginate. Columella

concave, with a heavy, wide, flattened callus which extends over the

parietal wall. Lip sharp, heavily thickened within.

Alt. (fig. 11) (apex eroded) 3^, diam. 2^ mm.

Types (No. 28431, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River at The

Bar, Chilton county, Ala. Co-types in the collections of T. H.

Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia

Academy. Also from the Coosa at Cedar Island, Butting Ram

Shoals, Higgins Ferry, Duncan Riffle and other points in Coosa and

Chilton counties, collected by Smith, and from the Coosa at

Wetumpka, five miles above Wetumpka, "Wilsonville, Fort William,

and Montevallo, collected by Hinkley.

A careful study of many hundreds of specimens has convinced me

that under the description of Somatogyrus hinkleyi (NAUTILUS, xxii,

p. 135) I confounded two distinct species, one imperforate, and the

other perforate. As both the figured types of hinkleyi fortunately

belong to the same form, the perforate one, that species will retain

the name under the amended description given below. The imper-

forate form is the species here described as decipiens. The dis-

tinctive characters of the two species are so marked that, once

appreciated, there is no difficulty in separating them at sight, and it

is a matter of some chagrin that the difference was not realized in

the first instance.

S. decipiens is a smaller, thicker species than hinkleyi, and

always imperforate, without any suggestion of an axial groove.

While both species are alike in the elevation of the spire, decipiens

is at all stages of growth distinctly biangulate, with the intervening

side of the whorl flattened ; in some instances the lower angulation

becomes a distinct carina, but this is not usual.

THE NAUTILUS. 87

For comparison with the similar state in S. hinkleyi, a young

specimen of 3^ whorls (2^ x 1^ mm.) is also figured. (Fig. 10.)

The following amended description should be substituted for that

originally published for

SOMATOGYRUS iiiNKLEYi "Walker. PI. vi, figs. 8 and 9.

Somatogyrus hinkleyi Walker, NAUTILUS, xvii, 135, pi. v, figs.

1 and 2.

Shell globose, conic, narrowly umbilicate when young and perfo-

rate when mature ; light horn-colored, smooth, growth-lines scarcely

evident. Spire elevated, obtuse; whorls 4-4^, those of the spire

convex, body whorl large, more or less shouldered above, but regu-

larly rounded at the periphery, suture deeply impressed. Aperture

large, rounded above, somewhat flattened at the base, and decidedly

angled at the junction of the lip with the base of the columella, and

angular at the upper insertion of the lip; lip simple, acute, in aged

examples somewhat thickened within. Columella heavy, callused,

flattened and nearly straight, reflected over and nearly concealing

the narrow umbilicus, callus thinner on the body wall.

For better illustration and comparison with S. decipiens I have

refigured the original mature type (tig. 8) and have added another

of a young shell (fig. 9) of 3-^ whorls (2^x2 mm.) for the purpose

of showing the open umbilicus at that stage; the thin, shining shell

and rounded whorls are very characteristic.

S. hinkleyi, when mature, has a larger, thinner shell than decipiens,

the columellar callus is not so heavy, and the persistent perforation,

very rarely entirely obliteiated, as well as the general shape, are

distinctive.

This species was found by Mr. Smith at the localities mentioned

in connection with S. decipiens.

SOMATOGYRUS HENDERSONI n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 2.

Shell globose, perforate, thick, solid, greenish-horn-color, smooth,

lines of growth slight, but regular. Spire short, subacute, whorls

4-4^, flattened above, and roundly shouldered, body-whorl very

large, inflated, somewhat constricted immediately below the suture,

which is deeply impressed and then flatly expanded and roundly

shouldered. Aperture large, subcircular, expanded; lip sharp, cal-

lously thickened within, rather abruptly bent in above and meeting

the parietal wall at nearly a right angle, broadly rounded below and

88 THE NAUTILUS.

curving regularly into the columella. Columella narrow, thickened,

rounded and concave, separated below from the body-whorl by a

small but profound umbilicus and a strong axial groove, adnate only

on the parietal wall, which is heavily callused. Alt. (apex eroded)

4.5, diam. 4.5 mm.

Types (No. 28432, Coll. Walker) from Coosa River at Duncan's

Riffle, Chilton County, Ala. Co-types in the collections of T. H.

Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, J. B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia

Academy. Also from the Coosa at Wilsonville, Ala.

This species is about the size and general appearance of S. depres-

sus Tryon, and sargenti Pils. It differs from the former in its

heavier shell, sub-sutural constriction, large umbilicus and strong

axial groove. The latter species is rather larger, not so thick and

imperforate. A single specimen from Williamsville was recently

sent in by Mr. Hinkley, which was not included in the material sent

to me in 1904.

Named in honor of Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., who has been a

hearty supporter of Mr. Smith's work on the Coosa.

SOMATOGYRUS PYGM^EUS n. sp. PI. vi, fig. 3.

Shell minute, globose-conic, imperforate, rather thin, light green-

ish horn-colored, smooth, lines of growth indistinct. Spire obtusely

elevated, whorls 4, convex, suture deeply impressed ; body whorl

large, convex, regularly rounded, impressed at the axis. Aperture

subcircular, not much expanded. Lip simple, sharp, thin, regularly

curved from the upper to the columellar extremity. Columella con-

cave. Columellar callus narrow, flattened, closely appressed to the

body whorl and extended over the parietal wall to the upper inser-

tion of the lip.

Alt. (apex eroded) 2.5, diam. 2 mm.

Types (No. 28433, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River, at The

Bar, Chilton county, Alabama. Co-types in the collections of T. H.

Aldrich, G. H. Clapp, J. B. Henderson, Jr., and the Philadelphia

Academy.

About twenty-five examples of this diminutive species were col-

lected at The Bar. It did not occur elsewhere. I have been wholly

unable to identify this form as the young of any of the associated

species. Though so small, the shells have every appearance of

maturity. Compared with j'oung S. nanus of the same s\ze,pygm<zus

differs in the thinner shell, regular convexity of the whorls and

THE NAUTILUS. 89

lighter columellar callus. It is easily distinguished from other

described species by its size.

CLAPPIA, n. gen.

Shell small, globose-turbinate, narrowly, but deeper umbilicate,

aperture large, lip simple, columellar lip simple^ adnate to body-

whorl only at the extreme upper portion, oblique, expanded and

subangulale to its union with the basal lip, operculum corneus,

paucispiral, nuclear whorls large and subcircular, slowly and grad-

ually increasing.

Rachidian tooth of the radula short and broad ; intermediate tooth

with sub-quadrate body with a strong tooth projecting from the in-

fero-anterior angle and a large peduncle; laterals multicuspid :

Formula of the denticles : 6"]~6 10-1-10, 50+, 50+ (Fig. 7).

4—4

Type : Clappia clappi Walker.

This genus stands close to Somatogyrus, but differs in several im-

portant particulars, which forbid the reference of the type species to

that group.

The central tooth of the radula is very similar both in shape and

in the arrangement and number of the denticles to that of S. de-

pressus as figured by Stimpson. But the intermediate tooth lacks

the perforation, which is found in that species, and has a prominent

tooth at the infero-anterior angle which is lacking in the other. The

laterals are multicuspid. In this respect, Clappia stands in the same

relation to Somatogyrus that Cincinnatia does to Amnicola.

In shell characters, Cluppia differs from Somatogyrus in the con-

spicuous deep umbilicus, the straight, thin inner lip without any

callus thickening, which is entirely separate from the body whorl,

except for a very short distance at the upper extremity.

The operculum is also very different. In all the species of Soma-

togyrus examined, the nuclear whorls of the operculum are very

small, while the last is enormously expanded (see Fig. 6, S. subglob-

osus, Fig. 5, S.depressus). In Clappia (Fig. 4), on the other hand,

the nuclear whorls are large and nearly circular, and form nearly one-

half of the whole operculum. Indeed, in looking at the operculum in

situ, the first impression is that it is completely circular as in Valvata.

CLAPPIA CLAPPI n. sp. PI. vi, figs. 1, 4 and 7.

Shell small, globose-turbinate, narrowly and deeply umbilicate ;

90 THE NAUTILUS.

rather thin, translucent, pale horn-color, smooth, shining, lines of

growth very fine, close and regular; spire obtuse. Whorls 3£,

round, very convex, rapidly increasing toward the aperture, sepa-

rated by a deep suture. Aperture large, slightly oblique, scarcely

expanded, subcircular, equally rounded above and below, but flat-

tened on the columellar side. Columellar lip thin, straight, oblique,

adnate to the body-whorl only at the upper extremity, emarginate in

the central portion, below which it is expanded, forming a rounded

angle at its junction with the basal lip. Lip thin, sharp, not ex-

panded nor callously thickened within. Operculum paucispiral,

nuclear whorls large and subcircular. Animal black.

Alt. (apex eroded) 3, diam. 3 mm.

Types (No. 28434, Coll. Walker), from the Coosa River at

Duncan's Riffle, Chilton County, Ala. Cotypes in the collections

of T. H. Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the

Philadelphia Academy. Found also at The Bar, Butting Ram

Shoals and Higgins' Ferry.

Deprived of its operculum, this species at first sight, from its gen-

eral shape, rounded whorls and deep umbilicus, would be taken for

a Valvata allied to V. sincera Say. But the straight columellar lip

and the decided projection of the lip at its junction with the peri-

treme show its affinity to Somatogyrus.

The peculiarities of the radula and operculum have been sufficiently

stated under the generic description. I am indebted to Dr. Pilsbry

for the figure of the dentition. It seems eminently proper that this

very distinct addition to the fauna of Alabama should both generi-

cally and specifically bear the name of Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, the

original promoter of the explorations of Mr. H. H. Smith, which

have added so much to our knowledge of the mollusca of that State.

Explanation of Plate VI.

Figures 1, 3, 9 and 10 are on the same scale, x8.

Figures 2, 8 and 11 are xG.

O '

Figs. 1, 4 and 7. Clappia. clappi. Duncan's Riffle, Coosa R., Ala.

Fig. 2. Somatogyrus hendersoni. Duncan's Riffle, Coosa R., Ala.

Fig. 3. Somatogyrus pygmceus. The Bar, Coosa R., Ala.

Fig. 5. Somatogyrus depressus. Watertown, Wis.

Fig. 6. Somatogyrus subglobosus. Big Muddy R., Blairville, Ills.

Fig. 8. Somatogyrus hiiihleyi. Coosa R., AVetumpka, Ala.

Fig. 9. Somatogyrus hinkleyi. Coosa R., The Bar, Ala.

Figs. 10 and 11. Somatogyrus decipiens. Coosa R., The Bar, Ala.

THE NAUTILUS. 91

THE BREEDING SEASON OF UNIONIDJE IN PENNSYLVANIA.

BY DR. A. K. ORT.MANN.

Since C. T. Simpson published his new system of the Unionidx

(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 22, 1900), which is founded, in a large part,

upon the " marsupium " of the female, this latter organ must be re-

garded as one of the most important features of the soft parts of the

mussels, and should be known in every species. Yet there is a large

number of species, in which it has never been seen by anybody.

That certain species are very rarely found with the marsupium de-

veloped, is, in my opinion, chiefly due to the fact that they are not

easily obtained at the period when they are gravid. As Sterki has

first suggested (NAUTILUS, 9, 1895, p. 91), there are two groups

among our mussels with regard to the period of gravidity l) : summer

breeders and winter breeders. In the summer breeders the short

"breeding season " falls into the early summer months (May, June,

July) ; now since many of the species which belong or may belong

here are characteristic for the larger rivers, avoiding smaller streams,

and since just at this time the rivers very generally are swollen and

muddy by copious summer-rains, it is practically impossible to col-

lect them in the gravid condition.

During the summer of 1908 we had exceptionally dry weather in

our region ; the stage of the rivers in Pennsylvania was already in .

the beginning of July very low, and thus the writer succeeded in

finding several species in a gravid condition, which generally at that

season are out of reach. In addition, he has collected other species

in the smaller streams at various seasons, and has found gravid

females, both of summer and winter breeders. The following is a

list of them, which also intends to give the previous records for those

species which are found in Pennsylvania:*

1 In order to avoid misunderstanding, I want to state expressly that by

" period of gravidity " or '' breeding season " I mean the time when the gills,

or part of the gills, which forms the " marsupium," are filled with eggs or

embryos.

2 See : Lea, I ; Observations, II, 1838, p. 51 ff.; Ill, 1842, p. 231 ; VII, 1860,

p. 221 ; X, 1863, p. 412, etc.; Sterki. V, NAUTILUS, 9, 1895, p. 91 ; 12, 1898, p.

18; Amer. Natural., 37, 1903, p. 103; Baker, F. C., Bull. Chicago Ac., 3,

1898 (passim) ; Conner, C. H., NAUTILUS, 21, 1907, p. 87.

92 THE NAUTILUS.

GROUP A. WINTER BREEDERS.

Truncilla triquetra Raf. Found gravid by the writer repeatedly

in the months of September and October.

Truncilla perplexa rangiana Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95).

Found gravid in September.

Micromya fabalis Lea. July-August (Lea, III, '42).

Lampsilis ventricosa Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95); autumn

(Lea, III, '42); March, October (Lea, ibid.). Found gravid by the

writer in all months from May to October. Marsupium partly empty

(ovisacs extruded) on May 11; marsupium just beginning to be

filled, July 30. (Breeds apparently "all the year round." See

below.)

Lampsilis ovata Say. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); November (Lea,

X, '63). Found gravid in August, September, October. (This is

merely a variety of L. ventricosa.)

Lampsilis cariosa Say. October (Lea, II, '38). Found giavid

in August.

Lampsilis ochracea Say. June and November (Lea, II, '38).

Lampsilis multiradiata Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); July, Au-

gust (Lea, ibid.). Found gravid in May, June, August, September,

October. Only few specimens being found in June and July, it is

uncertain whether there is an " interim " in the summer.

Lampsilis luteola Lam. March, July-August, October (Lea, III,

'42); July (Baker, '98). I found gravid specimens in April, May,

June, July, August, September, October. The species is a typical

winter breeder, only the end of one season and the beginning of the

next partly overlap in summer. In June, and chiefly in the begin-

ning of July, sterile females (with the marsupium not charged) are

much more frequent than in other seasons, while gravid females are

very rare at the same time.

Lampsilis radiata Gmel. "All the year round" (Conner, '07);

November (Lea, II, '38); May (Lea, X, '63). Discharge of ovi-

sacs observed from November to March (Lea, X, '63).

Lampsilis ligamentina Lam. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95); au-

tumn (Lea, III, '42). Found gravid by the writer in August,

September, October, but not in July. Among numerous specimens

collected, July 8, '07, July 3, 10 and 13, '08, not a single gravid

female was discovered. The earliest date for the latter is August 3,

but from that time on they were found regularly. This species pre-

THE NAUTILUS. 93

fers the larger rivers, and thus no dates could be secured for the

spring months, yet the " interim " in July is very sharply marked.

Lampsilis orbiculata Hildr. Autumn (Lea, III, '42). Found

gravid in August and September.

Lampsilis recta Lam. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95) ; autumn

(Lea, '42). Found gravid in July, August, September, October.

No records at hand for the early summer.

Lampsilis nasuta Say. " All the year round " (Conner, '07) ;

winter breeder (Sterki, '95) ; November (Lea, II, '38). I found

this species gravid in September (Delaware River), and on June 2

and 3 (in Lake Erie), when numerous gravid females were found.

Lampsilis iris Lea. I found three gravid females on May 11.

Lampsilis parva Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95) ; May and

November (Lea, VII, 'GO). Extrusion of ovisacs observed by Lea

(ibid.) in May.

Lampsilis (Proptera) alata Say. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95) ;

autumn (Lea, III, '42). Found gravid end of August, September,

October.

Lampsilis (Propterd) gracilis Barn. Winter breeder (Sterki,

'95) ; autumn (Lea, II, '42). Found gravid in September.

Obovaria relusa Lam. Autumn (Lea, III, '42). I found a

gravid female of this species on August 29, '08.

Obovaria circulus Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95) ; autumn

(Lea, III, 42) ; March, July-August (Lea, ibid.). I found gravid

females on May 27, '08. Both forms 0. circulus and lens are in-

cluded here : they pass into each other.)

Obovaria ellipsis Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95); autumn

(Lea, III, '42).

Plagiola securis Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, '42). Gravid females

not rare in September and October.

All species mentioned so far possess the " Lampsilis-type " of

marsupium, i. e., the posterior part of the outer gills is charged, at

the period of gravidity, with eggs or embryos contained in distinct

ovisacs. When not gravid, this part of the gills differs in structure

from the rest, and females are always recognizable.

Gryptogenia irrorata Lea. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95); autumn

(Lea, III, '42).

Marsupium very peculiar, but allied to the Lampsilis-type.

Ptychobranchus phaseolus Hildr. Winter breeder (Sterki, '95);

94 THE NAUTILUS.

autumn (Lea, III, '42). Found gravid in August, September, Oc-

tober. A specimen found on May 11, '07, had most of the ovisacs

discharged. None of the numerous specimens collected by the

writer in June and July were gravid.

The peculiar shape of the marsupium of this species is well known.

In the following species, belonging to Group A, the marsupium

occupies the whole of the outer gills, and while in Strophitus dis-

tinct " placentae " (Sterki) are developed, such structures or ovisacs

are not present in the rest.

Strophitus undulatus Say. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); March, Octo-

ber (Lea, ibid.y, September, December (Lea, II, '38); discharge of

placentae observed in January and February (Lea, X, '63). I found

this species gravid in the months of July, August, September, Octo-

ber; also in May. The latest date is May 22, '08 (one out of eleven

individuals). Among numerous specimens collected on May 14 and

May 27, '08, no gravid females were present, and during the month

of June such were never found, although a good number of specimens

were collected. The earliest date again is July 11. This gives an

" interim " from the end of May to about the middle of July.

The eastern S. undulatus Say is absolutely undistinguishable from

the so-called S. edentidus Say of the western waters.

Anodonta cataracta Say. Breeding season, eight months during

the year; the interim May to October (Conner, '07); gravid in Octo-

ber and November (Lea, II, '38). I have seen gravid specimens

collected on July 23, '08, and August 21, '08. The first date, no

doubt, represents an exceptional case: there was only a single gravid

individual among forty to fifty specimens. The other date (also a

single individual, but only one found at that date) possibly marks

the beginning of the season. At any rate it is very probable that

the breeding season occasionally lasts longer than indicated by Con-

ner, and may be extended in individual cases beyond May and may

begin earlier than October, as is the case in other winter breeders.

O *

Anodonta imbecillis Say. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); March (Lea,

tbid.~). Found gravid May 21, '08 (outlet of Lake Leboeuf, Erie

county), and June 2, '08 (Lake Erie). This species is hermaphro-

ditic, according to Sterki (NAUTILUS, 12, '98, p. 87).

Anodonta grandis Say. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); July, August

(ibid.y, October (Baker, '98). In Pennsylvania gravid females are

frequent in August, September, October. I have found a single

THE NAUTILUS. 95

gravid female on May 22, '08, out of a large number collected.

Among numerous specimens collected on April 24, June 23, July 17

none were gravid. Thus the " interim " appears to extend over the

month of May to July, with occasional individual exceptions.

Anodontoides fcrussacianvs Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); Octo-

ber (ibid.). Found gravid in May, August and October. Among

a dozen specimens, collected June 5, '08, in Little Shenango River,

and among numerous specimens of the var. subcylindraceus Lea,

collected on June 2, '08, in Lake Erie, not a single one was gravid.

This would establish an interim at least in June. No dates are at

hand for July.

Symphynota compressa Lea. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); March,

September (Lea, ibid.). Gravid in May and beginning of June

(June 2 in Lake Erie; only part of the outer gills charged). No

gravid females taken during the rest of June, and during July, but

only a small number of specimens was secured during this time.

Beginning August 6, all through the month, and during September

and October, gravid females were abundant. The color of the mar-

supium is very variable in this species : whitish, pink, orange,

brown, and probably depends on the stage of development of eggs

and embryos.

(To be continued.}

NOTES.

•

SHELLS NEW TO THE NEW ENGLAND FAUNA — In a very small

portion of shell-sand gathered by Mr. John Robinson at Hampton

Beach, New Hampshire, I discovered a genus new to America,

namely Homalogyra atomus Phil. A subsequent visit to this place

enabled me to add a number of forms new to the New England

Coast north of Cape Cod. Among those thus far determined is a

Scissurella, probably crispata Flem., and Caecum pulchellum Stimp.

A few years ago Miss Marjorie C. Newell discovered specimens of

Tagelus devisus Spengl. on Coffin's Beach, and Miss M. W. Brooks

has detected a specimen of this species at Hampton Beach.

Later I hope to make an extended paper with illustrations of these

and other new additions to our molluscan fauna. — EDWARD S.

MORSE.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

In his " Economic Zoology, an introductory text-book in Zoology

with special reference to its applications in Agriculture, Commerce and

Medicine," by Herbert Osborn, M. Sc., 1908, the chapter on Mollusca

(p. 147-173) is partially illustrated by original figures. Figs. 94

and 95, labeled "Common Snail, Patula alternata" is apparently

Polygra profunda ! Except fora very brief allusion to the pearl

and pearl-button industry, the only "economic" mollusks mentioned

are the oyster and Mya arenaria, although to go no further away than

our own coast, commercially the round clam or quahog is much the

more important of our clams, and the scallop industry has assumed

large proportions.

Alcadia pusilla intermedia, n. var. Shell intermediate in size

between A. pusilla and A. hollandi, alt. 5.2, diam. 7.7 mm. ; opercu-

lum roughened externally much as in A. hollandi, its columellar mar-

gin with sharp comb-like costulae. Jamaica, (S. Raymond Roberts.)

H. A. PlLSBRY.

BlFIDARIA TUBA 1NTUSCOSTATA Clapp. Plate VII, figs. 1, 2,

3, 4, Broken shells showing internal lamella X 10. 5, 6, 7, 8, Ab-

normal shells X 10. 9, 10, 11 Typical X 12.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY FOSSILS

FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAIN, CALIFORNIA. BY RALPH

ARNOLD. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxiv, p. 345, plates 31-37,

1908.) Descriptions of the various geological formations with lists

of species, followed by descriptions of some thirty-seven new species.

DESCRIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF SOME LAND AND FRESH-WATER

SHELLS FROM MEXICO, BELIEVED TO BE NEW. BY WM. H.

DALL, (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxv, p. 177, plates 29-33, 1908.)

A new species of Coelocentrum (C. palmeri Dall and Bartsch) forms

the type of a new section Crossostephanns. Three new Streptostylas,

one Euglandina and one Lampsilis are described and figured.

Anodonta coarctata Anton and Diplodon welsteri Simpson are also

figured. The latter from New Zealand, was described in THE NAU-

TILUS, Vol. xvi, p. 30, 1902.

THL-: NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE VII.

9 11 10

BIFIDARIA TUBA 1NTUSCOSTATA CLAPP

THE NAUTILUS.

Voi,. XXII. FEBRUARY, 1909. No. 1O.

A WEEK AT CLAIBORNE, ALABAMA.

BY REV. II. E. WHEELER.

A part of my October vacation was spent with a party of geologists

on a house-boat trip from Tuscaloosa, on the Warrior river, to Jack-

son, on the Tombigbee. The party consisted of the State Geologists

from South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Alabama, namely, Mr.

Earle Sloan, Mr. T. W. McCaloie, Dr. E. H. Sellards, Dr. Eugene

A. Smith and Dr. F. W. Prouty, besides Dr. George Little, of Tus-

caloosa; Dr. Roland M. Harper, of New York, botanist; Hon. T. H.

Aldrich, of Birmingham, paleontologist; and Dr. T. Wayland

Vaughan, of the U. S. Geological Survey, who was studying in

detail the correlation of the coastal plain geology of the Southern

States.

One of the results of the expedition was the confirmation of our

Alabama nomenclature for the cretaceous and tertiary formations so

typically illustrated in this State. Another result was the fine series

of fossils collected along the route.

From Jackson some of the party went to the sections about Mobile

to study the Grand Gulf formation, while I made my way to the classic

locality — Claiborne, on the Alabama river. To one who has but

recently delved into the mysteries of paleontology no more encourag-

ing formation could be desired than this. Made famous by tlie early

work of Lea and Conrad, a fascination for every student since, it will

not fail to yield treasures new and old to any zealous collector. A

year ago I gathered a quantity of shells there, enough to fill the win-

ter's evenings with rare pleasure, but this year I was even more

fortunate.

98 THE NAUTILUS.

The beautiful Gorbis lamellosa Lam. was found in a thin layer of

white sand in the ferruginous bed — quantities of them in perfect

condition. Just as I was leaving I picked up a Cyprcea nuculoides

Aid.,1 so far as I know never before reported from this locality. A

fine large Fusus ( Clavilithes) protextus Con. rewarded my laborious

digging, as well as perfect specimens of most of the common species.

It was on my last visit that I was fortunate enough to find the very

rare Cancellaria priama Harris,2 the type of which had unfortunately

been broken. I obtained two enormous Trochiformis infundibulwm

Lea, and among other interesting, though not in every case rare,

species may be mentioned the following: Plsania claibornensis Whitf.,

Lutraria papyria Con., Avicula limula Con., Papillina papiUata

Con. (very rare), Fusus inauratus Con., Conus sauridens Con., Cornu-

lina armigera Con., a Melongena n. sp., Limopsis cimeus Con., Ft'ssu-

rella tenebrosa Con., Sigaretus declivis Con., Actaon inflatior Meyer,

Mathilda leana Aid., Leiorhynus prorutus Gabb.

The locality ought also to be interesting to the collector of recent

shells. I noted on the bluff the dainty Glandina rosea Per.

Passing through the overgrown and deserted streets of the vil-

lage,8 one would hardly suspect that in former times it was important

enough to be visited by General Lafayette (1825) in his tour of the

States. But the old Masonic Hall in which he spoke still stands,

though now removed to Perdue Hill, two miles away. Here (in

Claiborne) Conrad taught the children of a wealthy family while he

named the treasures of the ancient eocene sea. Two of Alabama's

Governors — Bagby and Murphy — were residents of Claiborne when

elected, and Charles Tait, to whom the scientific world is indebted

for its first knowledge of this famous bed. was Alabama's first Federal

Judge. On the "Bluff" itself stood old ''Fort Claiborne," whose

guns frowned vengeance on the crafty Choctaws; but gone now is

the glory of the once proud river town, scattered are its families, and

almost past recovery are its traditions.

But for how many years to come will these ancient seas continue

to give up the secrets entrusted to them ? Monuments that crumble

and yet survive; frail shells on which the order of creation is too

finely graven for human skill to imitate.

Bloclon, Alabama.

NAUTILUS, Vol. XVI, p. 98, pi. 3.

2 Bull. Am. Pal., Vol. I, p. 49, pi. 1, fig. 20.

s There are less than fifty inhabitants (white) in Claiborne to-day.

THE NAUTILUS. 99

THE BREEDING SEASON OF UNIONID.E IN PENNSYLVANIA.

BY DR. A. E. ORTMANN.

(Concluded from page 95.)

Symphynota viridis Conr. August 24, '08, four gravid females

were found among a dozen specimens ; of 35 specimens collected by

Dr. D. A. Atkinson on July 11, '08, not a single one was gravid.

Symphynota costata Eaf. Autumn (Lea, III, '42); March, Oc-

tober (Lea, ibid.'). I found gravid specimens in April, May (latest

date, May 26), and then again in August (earliest date, August 9),

September, October. Numerous specimens were collected in June

and July, but none of them was gravid.

Symphynota complunata Barn. Autumn (Lea, III, '42) ; March

(Lea, ibid.). Gravid females found on May 14, '08.

Alasmidonta undulata Say. September und October (Lea, II,

'38). Gravid females on July 18 and August 12.

Alasmidonta heterodon Lea. August, September (Lea, II, '38);

May (Lea, X, '63).

Alasmidonta marginata Say. October and December (Lea, II,

'38). The western form was found gravid in August, September,

October. Out of a number of specimens collected on June 5, 8 and

22 none was gravid. No dates at hand for July. The eastern form

was found gravid on August 13. The western form (= truncata

Wright = typical marginata Say) is hardly distinguishable from the

eastern (=var. varicosa Lam.), see Pilsbry and Fox, NAUTILUS,

'01, pp. 16 and 17).

GROUP B. SUMMER BREEDERS.

Some of the summer breeders ( Unio, Pleurobema) have the outer

gills only serving as inarsupium, in others (^Quadrula) all four gills

are supposed to assume this function in the breeding season. Yet in

many Quadrulas this condition is unknown, and, as we shall see be-

low, the arrangement of the species into genera will need revision

and correction. I enumerate the species here according to Simpson's

Synopsis.

Unio gibbosus Barn. Summer breeder (Sterki, '95); July, Aug-

ust (Lea, III, '42). I found gravid females of this common species

in June and July, and a single belated one on August 13. Hun-

100 THE NAUTILUS.

dreds of individuals were collected in April, May, August, Septem-

ber, October, but no gravid females were among them.

Unio crassidens Lam. Summer breeder (Sterki, '95). I collected

numerous specimens in July, August, September, October, but never

found a gravid female. I never had a chance to get this species

earlier in the season.

Unio complanatus Dillw. " But once annually, from April-May

to July-August " (Conner, '07); May (Lea, X, '63). I collected

this species only in the month of August, and consequently never

found it gravid.

Pleurobema clava Lam. July-August (Lea, III, '42). Found

gravid on June 18 and July 10. Specimens collected on May 14

and in August, September and October were not gravid.

Pleurobema aesopus Green. Summer breeder (Sterki, '95).

Gravid on July 3 and 13, '08. Never found in the gravid state

during August, September, October, when many were collected.

Sterki ('95) places this with the species, in which all four gills

are charged, and (Pr. Ohio Ac., 4, '97, p. 391) with the genus

Quadrula. Yet according to my observations only the outer gills

serve as marsupium, and are distinguished at that time by a very

peculiar red color; already Lea (X, '63, p. 432) enumerates this spe-

cies among those which have red eggs, but he saw them only in the

ovarium. Yet this " red " of the gills is entirely different from that

of certain gravid species of Quadrula, being rather of a "lilac" hue.

Quadrula nndulata Barn. Summer breeder (Sterki, '95). I col-

lected many specimens in August, September, October, but did not

find gravid females. The only one was found on July 3, '08; it had

all four gills charged, which were whitish (not red).

Lea (X, '63, p. 417) says that only the outer branchiae serve as

marsupium, while Sterki ('95) puts it in group B, where all four

branchiae are said to be charged.

Curiously enough, Sterki ('95, p. 93) places the closely allied U.

multiplicatus Lea (= Q. heros Say) with his group A (winter

breeders), giving the date November 1, and says that also the mar-

eupium is of the type A (Lampsilis type). Since the latter has been

described and figured by Lea (VII, '60, p. 122, pi. 30, f. 105), and

is distinctly of the Quadrula type, with all four gills charged, I believe

that we have to deal with a lapsus calami for U. mutiiradiatus Lea.

Quadrula lachrymosa Lea. May (Lea, III, '42).

THE NAUTILUS. 101

Quadrula pusttilosa Lea. Summer breeder (Sterki, '95).

Quadrula rubigmosa Lea. July-August (Lea, III, '42); June

(Baker, '98). I found this species gravid on May 27, June 30,

July 3 and July 8. The marsupium corresponds to the account

given of it by various writers; it is formed by all four gills, which

are at that time deep red.

Quadrula subrotunda Lea. Summer breeder (Sterki, '95). Found

gravid July 3 and July 13. During late summer and fall no gravid

females were found, although many specimens were collected. All

four gills are charged and of deep red color.

Quadr >/f a kirtlandiana Lea. One gravid female was found on

August 2, '07, among hundreds of specimens collected ; all four gills

were charged, and red. Later in the season, in August, September,

October, no gravid females were seen.

Quadrula coccinea Conr. Found gravid on June 18, '08 (Nes-

hannock Creek, McKean Co., collected by Mr. Dennis Dally on

June 22, '08. There were, altogether, about a dozen of them, and

in every case the marsupium did not agree with the type of the

genus Quadrula, for only the outer gills were charged in their whole

extent, and were whitish. This would remove this species from the

genus Quadrula, and would place it with Pleurobema. (Baker, '98,

p. 80, gives a description of the soft parts, and says " four gills used

as marsupium," but this may not be founded upon personal observa-

tion, but may have been inferred from the systematic position of the

species.)

Tritogonia tiiberculata Barn. Gravid, according to Sterki (NAU-

TILUS, 21, '07, p. 4<S) on June 10, '07S and marsupium formed by

all four gills. This would place the species with the genus Quadrula,

where it would group with Q. trctpezoides Lea. Since the specific

name is preoccupied in this genus, and since none of the synonyms

are available, a new name should be found, and I propose here :

Quadrula tritogonia nov. nom. (I have discussed this point with

Dr. Sterki, and he is of the same opinion.)

Of the other species of Quadrula found in Western Pennsyl-

vania, Q. hippopcea Lea, cylindrica Say, metanevra Raf., cooperiana

Lea, obi! qua Lea, pyramidata Lea, tiiberculata Raf., I have never

seen gravid females, and nothing is known about their marsupium

and breeding season.

The above observations on the breeding seasons of Pennsylvanian

102 THE NAUTILUS.

UnionidcR fully bear out Sterki's division into two groups : summer

and winter breeders. The breeding season of the summer breeders

is short (maximum hardly four months), while in the winter breed-

ers this season is prolonged, extending from late summer, through

the winter into spring. Yet it must be borne in mind that probably

in the single individual the breeding season does not fully occupy the

whole length of the term, since it has been repeatedly observed that

the embryos and ovisacs are discharged at various times, even in the

beginning of the winter.

In some species belonging to the group of winter breeders the

period of gravidity may be extremely long, so that the end of one

breeding season (in May, June, July) may overlap with the begin-

ning of the next (June, July, August), and such species may appear

to breed " all the year round." This has been hinled at already by

Sterki, and Conner gives the following instances: Lampsilis radiata

and Lampsilis nasuta. My own observations make this condition

probable in Lampsilis ventricosa and Lampsilis luteola. Yet in

others an " interim " is very distinct in the early summer. This is

the normal condition, according to Sterki, and has been found to be

true for Anodonta cataracta by Conner, and by my observations it is

made more or less probable for Lampsilis ligamentina, Ptychobranchus

phaseolus, S/rophitus undulatus, Anodonta grandis, Anodontoides fer-

ussacianvs, Symphynota compressa, Symphynota viridis, Symphynota

costata, Alasmidonta marginata.

These peculiar conditions may be explained by the following

assumption: Quadrula, with the four gills serving as marsupium, is,

in my opinion, the most primitive type of our Unionidce. Next to it

stand Pleurobema and Unio, with only the outer gills serving as mar-

supium, but with the shell more or less resembling that of Quadrula.

These forms represent also the most primitive type of the breeding

season, which is short, and falls into the warm season. These forms

existed already al a time when a uniform warm climate prevailed.

At that time, possibly, the breeding season was not so restricted, but

at the present time it has become so, since only during a short period

of the year these old, primitive conditions prevail (in summer).

Forms like Unio and Quadrula actually go back to mesozoic times.

All other genera are more advanced. The group Alasmidonta,

Symphynota, Anodontoides, Anodonta, Strophitus (which is, accord-

ing to Sterki, characterized by a peculiar glochidium) resembles in

THE NAUTILUS. 103

the marsupium the Pleurobema-Unio type, but differs by a general

tendency to reduce the hinge teeth. Another group is formed by the

rest of the genera, in which the marsupium becomes very highly

specialized, more or less restricted to a part of the outer gills, and

where true ovisacs are developed. All these more advanced genera

originated probably at a time when seasonal changes of climate

existed already in our continent — in the tertiary — and the shorten-

ing of the warm period in summer possibly induced them to prolong

the breeding season, that is to say, to postpone the discharge of the

embryos to a more favorable time, namely, till the next spring.

This made necessary special adaptations for the carrying of the em-

bryos through the winter, and probably the ovisacs of the most

highly developed genera belong to these special adaptations. In

certain genera, ovisacs are not at all developed, and in Strophitus an

independent form (placentae). This lengthening of the breeding

season finally led to the merging of the end of the one of them into

the beginning of the next (known only in one of the most highly

specialized genera, Lampsilis*), while in less specialized genera, in

Alasmtdonta, Symphynotu, Anodonta, also in Ptychobrunchus and

some species of Lampsilis, an " interim " in midsummer still exists.

I think this is a reasonable interpretation of the different types of

breeding season and their development, yet it is proposed here as a

mere theory, which should be substantiated by further investigations

on the marsupium and the breeding seasons of our Unionida.

MOLLUSKS FROM AROUND ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO.

BY H. A. P1LSBRY AND J. H. FERKISS.

A considerable amount of work has been done on New Mexican

mollusks, and the numerous local lists published would make a good

showing for the Territory if compiled into one catalogue. The more

recent lists were based upon material collected by Professor T. D. A.

Cockerell and his pupils, and by Messrs. Joshua L. and Albert Baily,

Ferriss and Pilsbry. The records are to be found in NAUTILUS, ix,

p. 116; x, p. 42; xi, p. 69; xii, pp. 76, 131; xiii, pp. 13, 36, 49, 79;

xiv, pp. 9, 47, 72, 82, 85; xvi, pp. 57, 69, Mollusca of the South-

western States, I, II, etc.

104 THE NAUTILUS.

In 1906 we collected a few shells in the neighborhood of Albu

querque while waiting for trains.

The immediate environs of Albuquerque are barren of molluscan

life. Only along the Rio Grande the drift debris affords small shells,

the land forms probably washed down from the Sandia mountains,

which rise north of the city. A low ridge of black volcanic rock

frowning on the western horizon proved to be not worth the excur-

sion. We found only a few Pitpoides marginatus there. The nearer

slopes of the Sandia mountains are also barren. A few small species

Were found in the canyon beyond the Agricultural College. A much

richer fauna no doubt inhabits the higher slopes northward. Miss

Maud Ellis found twelve species in Las Huartus canyon, at 8000-

9000 feet elevation (NAUTILUS, xiv, 85).

The following forms were taken:

Helicodiscus eigenmanni arizonensis P. & F. Rio Grande drift ;

Sandia Mts.

Vitrea indentata umbilicata Ckll. Sandia Mts.

Zonitoides arborea (Say). Sandia Mts.; Rio Grande drift debris.

Zonitoides minuscula (Binn.). Sandia Mts.; Rio Grande drift

debris.

Euconulus fulrus (Miill.). Sandia Mts.

Vallonia cychphorelJa Anc.. Rio Grande drift debris.

Cochlicopa lubrica (Miill.). Sandia Mts.

Pupoides marginatus (Say). Rio Grande drift debris; volcanic

ridge about 5 miles west of Albuquerque.

Pupoides horduceus (Gabb). Rio Grande drift.

Pupilla blandi Morse. Rio Grande drift.

Bifidaria procera (Gld.). Rio Grande drift.

. Bifidaria procera cristata P. & V. Rio Grande drift.

Bifidaria peUucida hordeacella (Pils.). Rio Grande drift.

Bifidaria armifera (Say). Rio Grande drift.

Vertigo ovata Say. Rio Grande drift.

Lyrmicea bulimoides cockerelli P. & F. Rio Grande drift.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Rio Grande drift.

Planorbis parvus Say. Rio Grande drift.

Valvata (humeralis Say ?), one broken specimen. Rio Grande

drift.

THE NAUTILUS. 105

FOSSIL AND LIVING SHELLS FOUND IN LITTLE MUD LAKE, WESTMAN-

LAND, AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE.

BY OLOF O. NYLANDER.

This small lake is located in the forest near the south line of

Westmanland Plantation, and is the headwater of Salmon Brook.

This little lake contains some interesting shells not (bund in the

county before. The deposit of dead shells (marl) is many feet in

thickness, and is chiefly composed of Pisidia.

The living shells are extremely rare in the lake, and those col-

lected came from small spring brooks at the north end of the lake.

Dr. V. Sterki has kindly examined all the Pisidia. I do not know

what the amateur collectors would do with these miserable little

shells without his assistance. The fossils collected are as follows:

Lymniza desidiosa Say. Common.

Planorbis campanulatus Say. Common.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say. A few young shells.

Planorbis hirsulus Gld. One specimen.

Planorbis parvus Say. Abundant.

Ancybts parcillelus Hald. One specimen.

Valvata sp. ? A variable species; some are nearly flat, others

have the apex extremely elevated, a large percentage are decollate

and the whorls are sometimes dislocated near the apex.

Mr. Bryant Walker has examined specimens and states: "They

are extremely curious * * * I have never seen any like them before.

They are no doubt a form of V. sincera Say."

Dr. W. H. Dall gives me the following information: "They are

exactly like the depauperate form of V. lewisii Currier. * * * The

distortions are familiar to me as found in marl deposits, the water

becoming too much mineralized for the mollusks."

I made special efforts to obtain living specimens of this Valvata

during the two trips to the lake, but not one could be found.

Anodonta fragilis Lam. Fragments.

Sph&rium sulcatum Lam. A few valves.

Sph cerium rhomboideum Say. Common.

Musculium sp. ? probably securis Prime. Small.

Pisidium variabile Prime.

" compressum Prime.

" affine Sterki.

106 THE NAUTILUS.

Pisidium mainense Sterki.

" ventricosum Prime.

" costatum Sterki.

" medianum var. minutum Sterki.

" contortum Prime.

" triangulare St^rki.

" tenuissimum Sterki.

" splendidulum Sterki.

" splendidulum, a new var. — Sterki.

" abditum? or closely related to that species.

The following living shells were collected:

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Two specimens.

Planorbis parvus Say. Three specimens.

Anodonta fragilis Lam. One specimen.

Musculium sp. ? A small form, probably a new species.

Pisidium variabile Prime.

" ventricosum Prime.

" subrotundum Sterki.

" mainense Sterki.

" medianum var. minutum Sterki.

" splendidulum Sterki.

" splendidulum, a new variety. — Sterki.

As additions to the Aroostook county shells, I might mention

Pisidium punctum var. simplex Sterki. Dead water Caribou stream,

Woodland. Rare and new to the county.

Pisidium milium Hald. is common in Gelot's Lake, New Sweden.

Caribou, Me.

REMARKS ON THE SUBFAMILIES HYRIIN.E AND UNIONIN.E.

BY L. S. FRIERSON.

A few facts having important bearing on the classification of the

Naiades, having come to notice, are herewith given to the readers of

NAUTILUS.

Two species of the genus Pseudodon were obtained from Sowerby

and Fulton, showing beak sculpture. P.vondembuschiana Lea has a

somewhat doubly looped sculpture. The anterior loops curve upwards ;

the posterior are straighter, sloping backwards and downwards.

P. walpolei has a sculpture much like that of the Cristarias, being

heavy bare, more or less parallel with the growth-lines.

THE NAUTILUS. 107

The important fact revealed by these specimens shows that the

genus must be moved from the subfamily Hyriinte and placed in the

subfamily Unionince.

Two species of Parreysia ( P. corriiguta, and P. wynegungaensis)

were received (numerous specimens) bearing eggs in all lour gills, as

in Quadrula. That these shells would be found bearing ova in all

four gills was prophesied as being probable by Mr. Simpson (Synop-

sis, page 508).

The important bearing of this fact is that it proves that beak

sculpture and manner of carrying ova in the gills are not correlated.

In this connection Mr. C. T. Simpson wrote (in a letter) several

years ago that gravid animals of the group of Unio (Nodularia)

coffer Krauss proved to carry eggs in their outer gills, and thus

necessitated the moving of this group from the subfamily Hyriinee,

genus Nodularia, to the subfamily Unioninez, genus Unio.

But in the light, of further knowledge we see that our definition

of the subfamily Hyriina (as differentiated from Unionines] must be

amended. We must choose between beak sculpture ("radial versus

concentric ") or marsupial characters (" Exobranchiae versus Endo-

branehias") in our definitions.

The judgment of the writer would be to drop the marsupial feature

and adhere to the beak sculpture, thus giving for our definition of

the subfamily Unionintz : ''Essentially concentric beak sculpture,"

and for Hyriiiia: u Essentially radial beak sculpture." Thus

amended, the group of Nodularia coffer Krauss remains undisturbed,

as originally located by Mr. Simpson.

DESCEIPTIONS OF TWO NEW AMERICAN PUPID.E.

BY V. STERKI.

VERTIGO NYLANDERI n. sp.

Shell perforated, oblong, with a rather acute apex, of deep horn

color, pellucid; whorls 4^-5, quite convex, with a deep suture, with

sub-regular, crowded striae (except the embryonal), the last occupy-

ing about one-half of the altitude, gradually narrowed towards the

aperture, which is small; peristome slightly everted, margin not

thickened; palatal wall with an indentation barely above its middle,

forming a well-marked sinus and sinulus; behind it a trace of a crest,

and behind that a long, deep furrow-like impression over the palatal

108 THE NAUTILUS.

folds, ascending obliquely from near the base; no callus within;

lamellae and plicae 6; parietal rather long and curved; parallel with

it is a thin, lamelliform angular; columellar and inferior columellar

rather small, short, the latter near the base; palatals long, the lower

deep-seated, ending close to the beginning of the upper, one appear-

ing to be a continuation of the other.

Alt. 1.6, diam. 0.9 mm.

Soft parts not seen.

Woodland, Aroostook county, Maine, collected in 1896 by Mr.

Olof O. Nylander, in whose honor the species is named. I have two

specimens on hand, the types (No. 1075 of my collection of North

American Pupidce); a few more are in the collection of Mr. Nylander.

Ever since '96 the form was regarded as distinct, but not published.

The two specimens are alike, mature and perfect, and cannot be

deformed ones of some other species. In appearance and surface

stria; they are somewhat like V- gouldii Binn., but otherwise the

shell is quite different. In its shape, with the narrowed last whorl,

it somewhat resembles V. oscariana St., but the lamellae and plicae

are very different.

BlFIDARIA CLAPPI n. Sp.

Shell glossy, colorless to milky-whitish, perforate, cylindrical in

the lower 3-4 whorls, conical or subconical above, with a rather

acute apex; whorls 6-^-7^, the upper ones rather narrow, the lower

ones broader and less convex, the last moderately large, ascending

at the aperture, somewhat narrow but rounded at the base, slightly

flattened over the palate; surface shining, with slight irregular to sub-

regular striae; aperture nearly oval, margins approximate; peristome

everted, not thickened, but there is a slight to rather strong white

callus in the palate; lamellae and plicae: parieto-angular distinctly

complex, rather long, moderately elevated, connecting with the peri-

stome near its outer upper terminus (much as in J3. armifera*), the

spur1 of the parietal moderately large; columellar axial spiral, with

the lower end nearer the aperture, thicker and rather abrupt, or

somewhat bifurcate; " basal " (inferior columellar) slight or wanting;

1 In B. armifera and clappi, near the inner end of the parietal lam., there is a

process, or "spur," outward, that is, towards the periphery, at nearly right

angles, smaller or larger, generally visible in front view. So far it has been

seen in no other species ; but in B. contracta there is a protracted, curved part,

lower than the rest of the lam., and not visible in front view.

THE NAUTILUS. 109

upper and lower palatals regular, an interpalatal in many specimens;

suprapalatal wanting or quite small.

Alt. 3.5-4 (rarely 3.2-3.4), diam. 1.9-2.1 mm.; aperture alt. 1.5,

diam. 1.2 mm.

Soft parts, seen only from one dried Alabama specimen, soaked,

very dark from copious, deep brown pigment. Jaw amber-colored,

strongly curved, rather broad, rounded at the ends, its surface with

numerous radial rib-striae; the line of the attachment of the tenacu-

lum strong.

Radula with 78 transverse rows of 27 (or 29) teeth, r + 6 + 7 (8);

rachidian rather narrow, with a short mesodont and very small ecto-

donts (barely visible); laterals bicuspid, with the mesodont as long as

the plate, the ectodont about one-third as long; the outer posterior

angle of the plate raised, cusp-like; seventh and eighth with the

ectodont split in two, somewhat intermediate or '• transition " teeth;

marginals (9-13) serrate, with the mesodont rather long, thin; the

fourteenth a barely visible irregular transverse bar, or wanting. As

this is from a single specimen, there may be some variation. Other

parts could not be examined.

Habitat: Knoxville (various localities); eastern Tenn.; Fayette-

ville and Columbia, Tennessee; Gurley and Huntsville, Alabama;

Grand Rapids, Michigan; " Ottawa, Illinois."?

The species shows little variation, except in altitude, with nearly

the same diameter, and such as are noted in the description. There

is no tendency towards having the peristome continuous. The types

are from Knoxville, Tenn., but almost any good specimen seen from

anywhere might be taken for a type.

B. clappi is remarkable for its resemblance to some forms of B.

armifera Say, for a variety of which it has been taken. Yet it is

quite distinct. Of over 150 specimens carefully compared with more

than 1500 armifera not one was found doubtful or intermediate.

The most tangible difference is in the shape of the columellar lamella.

The shell averages somewhat smaller, the apex is more acute, the

surface strise are finer and slighter, the lower palatal plica is always

1 B. armifera shows considerable variation with respect to size and shape,

and in connection with it, in the shape of the columellar and lower palatal.

These differences mark two main forms, varieties at least, the shell of one of

them being more cylindrical aud more or less resembling clappi, but the colu-

mellar (and lower palatal) are always different.

110 THE NAUTILUS.

regular.1 When one is once familiar with the species it is easily rec-

ognized. There is no doubt that specimens are in various collections

as, and mixed with, armifera, and all such lots should be revised.

Specimens, as "Pupa armifera" were received in 1886-92 from

the late Mrs. Geo. Andrews, collected at Knoxville, Tenn., at vari- '

ous places, marked: "Garden," "The Thicket," " under stones,"

aggregating 58 armifera, 51 clappi. In a lot of 32 from drift on

the Duck river, Columbia, Tenn., sent by Prof. B. Shimek in 1892,

18 were armifera and 14 clappi; 5 specimens, of the latter only,

from " Columbia, Tenn.," were received from Mr. A. A. Hinkley in

1887. Lately Mr. Geo. H. Clapp was kind enough to send^ me all

his armifera for inspection; among them was a lot from " Eastern

Tennessee," all clappi; one from Gurley, Ala., the same; and one

from Huntsville, Ala., with 36 armifera and 1 clappi. The latter

two were collected by Mr. Herbert H. Smith. Mr. Bryant Walker

also kindly sent me his whole armifera material, 37 lots. Among

them were clappi from Fayetteville, Tenn., and Huntsville, Ala.,

and, much to my surprise, from Grand Rapids, Mich. Also in a lot

from " Ottawa, 111.,"? which I owe to Mr. F. C. Baker, both species

were represented. It seems then that the distribution of B. clappi

is not only southeastern, as had been supposed, and it may be found

in other parts of the country also.

I take pleasure in naming the species in honor of Mr. Geo. H.

Clapp.

STRANGE SHELLS. One specimen : Umbilicate, cylindrical-tur-

riculate; whorls 6§, moderately convex, the last occupying nearly

one-half of the altitude; aperture higher than wide, somewhat like

that of Gionetta lubrica except for the columellar part; peristome

straight, thin and sharp; no trace of lamellae and plica?; colorless to

pale horn; shell thin, translucent; surface with fine, irregular striee;

alt. 4, diam. 2 mm.; aperture alt. 1.5, diam. 1 mm.; umbilicus round,

of about 0.5 mm. diam., and pervious into the preceding whorls.

From Rose Hill, near Buffalo, N. Y., collected and sent by Miss

E. L. Letson in a lot of Bijii. armifera Say, var. What is it? If

it came from a foreign country, or even from some unexplored part

of our own continent, one might be tempted to regard it is represent-

ing a n. sp., and even a new genus. But in all probability it is a

freak, or monstrous specimen of Bifid, armifera. This had been

written when I received, from Mr. Clapp, a somewhat corresponding

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

specimen, from Gastonburg, Ala. It was plainly a B. armifera,

large, especially the last wliorl, much larger than the penultimate,

evidently overgrown, with a very small and slight parietal lam. A

specimen, corresponding especially with the first-mentioned, of Bifid,

corticnria, from Jackson county, Ala., was received years ago from

Mr. H. E. Sargent. 3.1 mm. high; peristome straight and thin;

aperture without a trace of lamellae.

KEY. A. B. KENDIG, D. D.

Dr. Amos B. Kendig, one of the best known Methodist clergymen

of New England, died January 20, 1909, at Brookline, Mass.

Dr. Kendig was born in Lancaster county, Penna., in 1830, re-

moving to Iowa when a young man. He at first studied law, but

changed to the ministry, and was ordained in 1852. In the Civil

War he served for a time as chaplain of the 9th Iowa regiment.

In 1875 Dr. Kendig came to Boston and became pastor of the

Monument Square M. E. Church in Charlestown. Later he held

pastorates in Lynn, "Worcester and Boston ; then going to Brooklyn,

N. Y., East Orange, N. J., and New York City.

Dr. Kendig was known for his energy in all that he undertook.

He was a man of devout Christian character, and he brought to his

profession the courtesy and the manners of a gentleman of the old

school. A man of broad culture and sympathy, he took great inter-

est in scientific matters, and was a member of several learned soci-

eties. He took up the study of mineralogy at one time, aad made a

large and fine collection of minerals, which he presented to a college

in Iowa. Later he made a study of land shells of the world, built

up a large and valuable collection, and accumulated a library. In

1903 he decided to give up the study of shells, his collection going

to the Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Kendig had many warm friends among conchologists. He is

survived by two daughters, Mrs. George F. Kellogg and Mrs. Silas

Peirce.

SUPPLEMENTAEY NOTES ON THE BREEDING SEASONS OF THE

UNIONID.ffi.

BY CIIAS. H. CONNER.

Dr. A. E. Ortmann's article, relative to the breeding seasons of

the Unionif/ce, will doubtless be received as an interesting and valu-

able contribution to the subject, and in order to extend its usefulness,

so far as my limited ability will permit, I beg to present a condensed

report of my observations, made from 11*05 to 1908 inclusive. I, too,

have noticed some apparent variations in the breeding periods of

individuals, as also in the species, in different years. Possibly this

112

THE NAUTILUS.

difference may be due more or less to difference in the seasons

(weather) from year to year.

The facts already obtained have an important bearing on legislative

action already taken or contemplated for the protection and preser-

vation of our fresh-water mussels. Unlike the song and game birds

and the mammals, no close season will serve to protect all of the spe-

cies. The taking of all clams under the fully adult size must be pro-

hibited to prevent their extermination by pearl-hunters and button

manufacturers.

TABLE SHOWING GRAVID PERIODS OF THE UNIONID^E.

The letter g indicates gravid individuals, n denoting that none

were found gravid, gn that some females examined were gravid, others

not gravid, either among specimens taken at the same time or in the

same month in different years.

THE NAUTILUS, XXII.

PLATE VIII.

...

'

3

1,2,3, ASHMUNELLA KOCHII CLAPP. 4, BIF1DARIA CLAPP1 STt-RKI.

5, 6, HOLOSPIRA BARTSCHI P. & C. 7, BIFIDARIA BILAMELLATA

STERK1 & CLAPP.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII. MABOH, 1909. No. 11.

PISIDITJM IN MASSACHUSETTS.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

During the past two summers the writer has had opportunity to

collect in various places in Massachusetts, and Pisidium has yielded

some good series. The species have just been determined by Dr.

Sterki, with the following results:

D;ilton. in the Berkshire Hills — a brief visit in early spring —

yielded compressum and abditum.

Newton, Upper Falls, gave at one visit variabile, aequilaterale,

pauper culum, affine and fe.rrugineum.

Woburn, in a small outlet to Horn Pond, had compressum, abdi-

tum and ajfine.

Concord, near the famous battlefield, shows variabile, abditum,

compressum.

Wareliam is at the head of Buzzards Bay, almost on Cape Cod.

It is an important place in cranberry culture. Considerable mate-

rial was obtained from ditches in the cranberry bogs. The species

variabile and abditum both show local peculiarities; ferrugineum also

occurs in the bogs. A trout brook in the woods gave excellent sets

of variabile, with abdifum quite rare.

Thi', Agawam River at East Wareliam is one of the richest col-

lecting grounds I know. Pisidium is not abundant, but is peculiar.

Dr. Sterki writes of variabile: " Rather different from the common

form, and representing a variety if found at other places," another

form similar yet distinct.

Danvers, my present home, proves an excellent region for this

114 THE NAUTILUS.

genus. A few tiny brooks are teeming with fresh-water shells, and

the town has the following species: compression, variabile, abditum,

ventricosum., ferrugineum succineum, tieglectum, aequilaterale, ferru-

gineum and splendidutum, " for the first time seen in large numbers

from Massachusetts." A few forms not quite settled may show more

of interest. A more careful search next summer may yield even

more species from this interesting locality.

NOTES ON SHELLS COLLECTED AT BALSAS, GUERRERO, MEXICO, BY

MR. WALTER E. KOCH, IN DEC., 1908.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND GEO. H. CLAPP.

These shells were found in the crevices of the limestone rocks

bordering the Rio Balsas, and the ravines leading to it, and about

1000 feet above the river, or at an altitude of 2000-3000 feet. No

living shells were seen, and limited time prevented a very thorough

search.

EUGLANDINA LIEBMANNI (Pfr.).

The specimens have the more minute sculpture very beautifully

developed, agreeing with Strebel's account of the type specimen.

There is also a coarser form in some other localities, which seems to

be more abundant in collections.

POLYGYRA MATERMONTANA Pils.

A series of eleven specimens shows great variation in size and

shape of the umbilicus, and better preserved examples might possibly

show the presence of more than one species in the lot. The extremes

in size are 7.3 mm. diam. with 5 whorls, and 11 mm. with 5^ whorls.

OXYSTYLA ZONIFERA (Strebel).

Typical examples of this well-marked species.

HOLOSPIRA BARTSCHI I). Sp. PI. Vlii, figs. 5, 6.

The shell is white, imperforate, oblong, widest at the eighth or

ninth whorl, rapidly tapering to the last whorl; terminal cone short,

the apex mamillar. Two embryonic whorls smooth, gray, project-

ing, the first whorl wider than the second; following three whorls

THE NAUTILUS. 115

sculptured with slender rihlets parted by wider intervals; the riblets

then become irregular and weaker; at and below the shoulder they

disappear, and the whorls are nearly smooth and flat to the last,

which is ribbed, the ribs rather strong but irregular on the last half

whorl, which is straightened, tapers to the well-rounded base, and is

very shortly produced forward beyond the preceding whorl. The

aperture is very shortly pi ri form, upper margin straightened with a

slight callus within near the outer angle; other margins well curved

and expanded. Internal axis rather wide throughout, widest above,

smooth, its walls slightly concave within each whorl. At the end of

the penultimate whorl there is a barely noticeable swelling of the

axis, hardly visible in some specimens, and with no superposed callus.

Length 14.8, greatest diam. 5.8 mm.; whorls 14.

Length 15, greatest diam. 5.9 mm.; whorls 14.

Length 18.25, greatest diam. 5.3 mm.; whorls 13|.

The length is estimated, since all of the examples have the peri-

stome more or less broken basally. While very " top-heavy," it is

less obese than H. imbricata v. Marts., which is strongly ribbed

throughout. No other species of similar shape has the same axial

structure. In having a large internal pillar, H. bartschi resembles

H.fusca v. Marts. Neither species is a typical Haplocion, but they

agree with no other of the defined sections of Holospira.

This species is named for Mr. Paul Bartsch, author of an excel-

lent paper on Holospira and related genera.

HOLOSPIRA GOLDMANI Bartsch.

One example, 13x5 mm., agrees well with a cotype of this spe-

cies, received from the National Museum through the courtesy of

Dr. Ball. H. gealei H. Ad., of which the internal structure is

unknown, may prove to be allied. It is not unlike goldmani exter-

nally, so far as can be gathered from Adams' inadequate description.

A NEW SPECIES OF PHOLADOMYA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

The figured type of the genus Pholadomya Sowerby is the recent

P. Candida Sow., from the island of Tortola in the West Indies,

described in 1823. A large number of fossil species are known, but

116 THE NAUTILUS.

during the eighty-four years which have elapsed since Sowerby

characterized the genus, only one more recent species which can

confidently be affirmed to belong to the typical section of the genus

has been described. This is the P. loreni Jeffreys, 1881. /". Can-

dida has its hinge composed of a pair of nymphs sustaining the

external ligament, and in front of the nymphs a triangular area,

directly under the beal<s, which supported an internal resilium, some

fibers of which still adhere to the specimen in the National Museum.

The anterior edge of the resiliifer is raised into a rib-like prominence,

which is what in descriptions of the genus is usually referred to as

an "obscure tooth." It is not a tooth, but a reinforcement of the

pit or chondrophore. Not having a specimen for study in 1895, my

description of this hinge from figures (Trans. Wagner Inst., iii, p.

530) is to this extent inaccurate. It is true that Verrill in 1881,

and Locard in 1898, have described two bivalves under the names

of Pholadomya arata and P. africana (Fischer MS.), but these do

not belong to the typical section of the group and may belong in a

wholly distinct genus. They are wedge-shaped, truncate shells with

the chondrophore obsolete, and having an aspect which leads one to

doubt whether the resilium was developed at all in either of them.

Their soft parts are wholly unknown. It is therefore a matter of

especial interest that in recent work of the U. S. S. Albatross in the

N. W. Pacific, Aug. 10, 1906, at station 4904, in 107 fathoms, a

right valve of Pholadomya was obtained, which I now propose to

describe.

PHOLADOMYA PACIFICA n. sp.

Shell resembling an unusually plump specimen of Mya arenaria

in general form, white, very thin, the beaks near the anterior third;

inner layer of the shell pearly; beaks low, slightly prosocoelous;

anterior margin of the valve evenly rounded, posterior a little

attenuated and with a slight gape but also rounded; hinge-line thin

with a short, narrow nymph, the chondrophore also narrow, directed

obliquely backward, under and nearly parallel with the nymph;

interior polished when fresh, the specimen rather dull, almost con-

cealing the pallial sinus, which is less deep than in P. Candida. The

muscular impressions are obscure, but seem to agree with those of

hat species; exterior largely, finely granulose, like many Thracias,

sculptured with more or less evident lines of growth, and with abo

THE NAUTILUS. 117

nine low radial ridges, starting from the beak, near which there are

some intercalary ridges which become obsolete about the middle of

the disk; both ends of the shell are destitute of radial sculpture for

about one-fourth the total length; there is no defined dorsal area,

lunule or escutcheon. Length of valve 48; length behind the brak

30; height 34; height of beak above the hinge-line 2.5; (double)

diameter 26 mm. The sparse radial sculpture in the middle of the

shell is almost exactly like that of P. Candida, except that in the

latter there are obscure nodosities on the ridges and no intercalaries,

while both ends have obsolete radial lines. In one specimen of P.

Candida there are eleven ridges. The sculpture of P. arata and

africana is quite different. The base of P. pacifica is gently arcu-

ate. The specimen is registered in the U. S. Nat. Mus. as No.

110, 456. It may be added that the granulation of the surface in

P. Candida is much less dense and conspicuous.

THE SHOWALTER COLLECTION.

BY HERBERT H. SMITH.

Every student of North American fresh-water shells is familiar

with the name of Dr. E. R. Showalter. He collected, probably,

three-fourths of the Alabama Phuroceratidce described by Lea, and

not a few of the Unionidce ; many of Anthony's species came from

him, and he corresponded for years with Lewis, Hartman and other

eminent conchologists. Dr. Showalter resided at Union town, Perry

county, and afterwards at Point Clear, near Mobile, and he made

extended excursions to the Cahaba, Coosa and other rivers of the

Alabama system. His work, interrupted by the Civil War, was

taken up again about 1867, though not apparently with the same

enthusiasm. Until Aldrich took up the task, Showalter was almost

the only man in this rich field, and his specimens are scattered

through all our collections.

Few naturalists know that Dr. Showalter had a collection of his

own, and fewer still imagine that it is in existence. It had, in fact,

a narrow escape from destruction. After Dr. Showalter's death the

shells were stored for years under his house at Point Clear. Like

118 THE NAUTILUS.

most southern houses, this is supported by corner pillars, the space

beneath being open to the winds and often to driving rains. Sotne

of the boxes rotted, specimens fell out and labels decayed; when at

length the collection became the property of the Alabama Geological

Survey, portions of it had literally to be scooped up with a shovel.

The condition was not encouraging, but such things always look worse

than they really are. No doubt some specimens and labels were

irretrievably lost, but by far the greater part ot the collection was

saved intact, and for this we must thank the able director of the

Geological Survey, Dr. Eugene A. Smith. From the first he was

keenly alive to the value of the Showalter shells, but with the means

at his disposal he could do no more than preserve them from further

harm; this he has done conscientiously. For years the collection

has been stored in the State Museum at Tuscaloosa, but it could not

be made available to students.

Some months ago Mr. Bryant Walker asked me to examine the

Showalter collection and, if possible, catalogue the TJnionida. Dr.

Smith placed the shells unreservedly in my hands and forwarded the

work by every possibly means; ultimately he asked me to arrange the

whole collection, and this I am now doing.

Later on I hope to give a more extended account of this historical

collection. It is much richer than I had imagined, and nearly all

can be saved to science. For the student of Alabama Pkuroceratidce

its importance can hardly be overestimated; species which have been

among the rarest in our collections are here represented by hun-

dreds, sometimes thousands, of good specimens, and these, if not

exactly cotypes, are at least the lots from which types were taken.

Generally speaking, the shells are correctly labeled, far better than

PleuroceratiJa in the majority of our cabinets. The Uiiionidce and

land shells are also important. Dr. Showalter had a general collec-

tion of no great extent, and this will be useful for educational

purposes.

Every naturalist will be glad to know that the Showalter collection

can be saved, and that it will soon be housed in the new museum

building. The liberal character of Dr. Smith is a sufficient guar-

antee that the specimens will be available to every true student.

State University, Tuscaloosa, Ala.t Feb. 9, 1909.

THE NAUTILUS. 119

BECOEDS OF MINNESOTA MOLLUSKS.

BY L. E. DANIELS.

The month of July, 1905, I spent at various points in Minnesota,

and incidentally did some collecting of mollusca; and since there has

been so little published on the mollusca of Minnesota, I contribute

my mite.

The following is a complete list of my catch. At Thief River

Falls and White Earth Lake I collected several days; at the other

localities but a few hours, so that this list cannot be taken as a com-

plete fauna of either locality. At the time of my collecting, the

rivers and lakes were very high, which will account for the scarcity

of fluviatile species.

In order to shorten the names of the localities I will say that

Halma is in Marshall county; Anita and Thief River Falls in Red

Lake county; White Earth Lake in Becker county; Lake Harriett,

near Minneapolis, in Hennepin county; and Cannon Lake in Rice

county.

Polygyra muUilineata (Say). Minneapolis.

Circinaria concava (Binn.). Minneapolis.

Vilrona limpida Gld. Thief River Falls.

Vitrea hammonis (Strom.). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Vitrea binneyana (Morse). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Euconulus fulvus (Miiller). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Euconulus cher sinus polyyyratus Pils. Thief River Falls, White

Earth Lake, Anita.

Zonitoides arborea (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Zonitoides minuscula (Binney). Thief River Falls.

Zonitoides milium (Morse). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake.

Pyramidula allernata (Say). White Earth Lake, Minneapolis.

Pyramidida cronkhitei- anthonyi Pilsbry. White Earth Lake,

Cannon Lake, Anita.

Helicodiscus parallelus (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake, Anita.

120 THE NAUTILUS.

Punctum pyc/mczum (Drap.). Thief River Falls.

Succinea retusa Lea. White Earth Lake, var. Thief River Falls.

Succinea ovalis Say. Thief River Falls, var. Minneapolis.

Succinea avara Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake.

Succinea avara vermeta Say. White Earth Lake.

Strobilops virgo (Pils.). Thief River Falls. White Earth Lake.

Bifidaria contracta (Say). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake.

Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Thief River Falls.

Bifidaria tappaniana (C. B. Adams). White Earth Lake.

Bifidaria holzingeri Sterki. White Earth Lake.

Cochlicopa lubrica (Miiller). Thief River Falls. Also a form

which seems to be G. 1. morseana Doherty.

Vallonia cosfata (Miiller). Thief River Falls, White Earth Lake.

Carychium exile canadense Clapp. Thief River Falls, White

Earth Lake.

Lampsilis luteola Lam. Thief River Falls.

Anodonta kennicotti Lea. Thief River Falls.

Unio gibbosus Barnes. Thief River Falls.

Quadrula lachrymosa Lea. Thief River Falls.

Spl cerium simile Say. Lake Harriett.

Sphcerium occidentals Prime. Thief River Falls.

Musculium jayanum Prime. Thief River Falls.

Pisidium sp. Thief River Falls.

Gampeloma subsolidum Anthony. Mississippi River, Minneapolis.

Cantpeluma rufum Hald. Lake Harriett.

Gampeloma milesii Lea. Thief River Falls.

Valcata sincera daniehi Walker. Cannon Lake.

Valvata tricarinata Say. Cannon Lake.

Valvata tricarinata simplex GUI. Cannon Lake.

Amnicola limosa Say. Var. Cannon Lake.

Pliysa ancillaria Say. Lake Harriett.

Physa yyrina Say. Lake Harriett.

Pliysa gyrina liildrethiana Lea. Thief River Falls.

Physa qyriiia oleacea Tryon. White Earth Lake.

Aplexa liypnorutn (Linn.). Thief River Falls, Halma.

Lymnaa stagnolis appressa Say. Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake, Halma, Lake Harriett.

Lymi/cen stagnalis var. Lake Harriett.

Lymnaa obrussa Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake.

THE NAUTILUS. 121

Lyrnncea obrussa modicella Say. Thief River Falls.

Lyimiaa sterkii Baker. Tliief River Falls.

Lymneen coperata Say. Thief River Falls, Anita.

Lymncea palustris Miiller. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake,

Halrna, Anita.

Pbinorbis bicarinntus Say. Lake Harriett, Cannon Lake.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Thief River Falls, Cannon Lake, Hal ma,

Lake Harriett.

Plunorbis campanulatus Say. Thief River Falls, White Earth

Lake, Cannon Lake, Lake Harriett.

Planorbis Itirsulus GUI. Cannon Lake.

Plunorbis parvus Say. Thief River Falls, Anita.

Segmentina armiyera Say. Thief River Falls.

TWO NEW VARIETIES OF CYPRJEA FROM N. E. QUEENSLAND.

BY II. B. PRESTON.

Among a number of Cypraea from N. E. Queensland recently

received there occur two varieties, one of (7. xcmthodon Gray and

one of C. miliaris GmeL, which, though undoubtedly belonging to

these species, possess such marked varietal characters as to merit

notice. I therefore venture to describe them, as follows:

Cyprcea xanthodon Gray, var. carnicolor, n. var.

Dorsal surface flesh-colored without bands, indistinctly freckled

with pale rusty-red; base white; posterior and median columellar

denticles red, anterior columellar denticles white; denticles on lip

pure white throughout; thinner and mor« pirit'orm than the type;

the posterior extremity of the outer lip is more produced, while that

of the columellar lip is less so than in the typical form; moreover,

there is no dark blotch on the columellar anterior extremity of the

dorsal surface.

Alt. 24, diam. maj. 14 mm.

Hab. : N. E. Queensland.

The above has all the appearance of a deep-water shell.

Cyprceri miliaris GmeL, var. nit-ea, n. var.

Differing from the typical form in having the dorsal surface

grayish-white, gradually shading to pure white towards the base,

122 THE NAUTILUS.

spotted indistinctly with numerous small white spots; there is scarcely

any sign of lateral punctation on the columellar side.

Alt. 35, diam. maj. 22 mm.

Hab. : N. E. Queensland.

NOTES.

PEARL-HUNTING IN THE Fox RIVER, ILLINOIS. — Pearl-hunting

commenced in the Fox river this last summer. One or two pearls

were found by accident before. Now several tons of the shells have

been taken out, perhaps as much as ten tons. Many of the nearby

residents have done some hunting for sport, but two parties made a

business of pearl-fishing, and perhaps worked 90 days. They re-

ceived $1,800 for the pearls taken out. Two pearls were valued at

$GOO each. Jewelers from New York city wrote to a firm in Aurora,

111., telling them to buy all the Fox river pearls they could get, as

they were of the finest quality. Thus the craze spread late in the

fall until, I am told, one could count fifty persons in sight hunting

clams. They worked until the law to protect clams during breeding

season went into effect — L. A. KEENE, Waterman, 111.

PLANORBIS BICARINATUS — In order to complete the records of

distribution of Planorbis bicarinatus, records, preferably accompanied

by specimens, are desired from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Florida,

Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, South Dakota, Wyoming,

Utah, Nevada, Arizona and California. The data obtained will be

published in THE NAUTILUS. — BRYANT WALKER, 205 Moffatt

Building, Detroit, Mich.

DR. W. HOYLE, Director of the Manchester Museum, has been

appointed Director of the National Museum of Wales at Cardiff.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

PYRAMIDELLID^E OF NEW ENGLAND AND ADJACENT REGION.

By Paul Bartsch (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 34, pp. 67-

113, pi. 11-14, 1909). An interesting and valuable paper giving in

detail the work done by various authors, followed by descriptions of

all the genera, subgenera and species. Under Pyramidella are

placed two subgenera — Eulimella and Syrnola. One new species,

THE NAUTILUS. 123

P, (Syrnola t) wtnkleyi, Is described from Branford, Conn. Turbo-

nilla is divided into five subgenera — Ptycheuliuiella, Chemnitzia,

Turbonilla, Strict urbonilla and Fyrgiscus. A new subspecies, T.

(Strioturbonilla) busfnana abyssicola, is described from 1290-1.537

fathoms off Martha's Vineyard. T. verrillt, vinece, branfordensis,

buteonis, winkleyi, senilis, sumneri, cascoensis, whiteavesi and edward-

ensis of the submenus Pyrgiseus are described as new; the last two are

from Prince Edward Island. T. mighelsi is proposed for T. costu-

lata Verr. 1873 (non Risso 1826). Under Odostomia six subgenera

are recognized — Cbrysallida, Evalina, lolaea, Menestho, Odostomia

and Liostomia. The following are new : 0. ( Chrysallida] bushiana

and willisf, 0. (Evalina) winkleyi, 0. (lolaea) hendersoni, 0. {Men-

est/to') tnfida bedequrnsis and bisuturalis orilensis. 0. morseana is

proposed in place of 0. sufcnta Verr. 1880 (non A. Adams 1860).

The Pyramis striatula Couthouy forms the type of a new genu8,

Couthouyella. There are excellent figures of nearly all the species

C. W. J.

NATURAL HISTORY, ORGANIZATION AND LATE DEVELOPMENT

OF THE TEREDINID.E OR SHIP- WORMS. By Charles P. Sigerfoos.

(Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, xxvii, pp. 193-231, pi. vii-

yxi.) Xylotrya gouldi, Teredo dilatata and 7. navalis from Beaufort,

N. C., have been investigated. T. navalis carries the eggs in the

gills, but in the other species they are laid free into and fertilized in

the water. In one case T. dilatata was estimated to produce one

hundred million eggs. The egg develops into a typical small bivalve

having a swimming organ (velum). Throughout the summer these

may be found crawling over wooden structures in search of favorable

crevices for attachment. Once attached by a single long byssus

thread, the larva loses the velum, scrapes away the surface of the

wood with the ventral edges of the shell-valves, and the loot develops

into a pestle-shaped organ which assists the shell in burrowing. On

the external surface of the valves at the anterior edges is formed the

first row of small teeth, which at this and later stages are the

mechanical agents by which the animal bores into the wood. This

transformation has taken place within two days from the time the

larva has settled, and afterwards the animal rapidly becomes an

elongate ship-worm. Evidence is given showing that the ship-worm

may reach a length of 4 feet and diameter of 1 inch in about one

year. The sexes are separate in adult ship-worms, but young indi-

viduals of X. gouldi are frequently hermaphroditic, in which case the

male cells develop first. The anatomy is very fully described and

illustrated. This timely paper, a valuable addition to our knowl-

edge of Pelecypod morphology, can be obtained of the Bureau of

Fisheries. H. A. P.

124 THE NAUTILUS.

DAVID W. FERGUSON.

The Brooklyn Conchological Club mourns the loss of its esteemed

member, Mr. David W. Ferguson, whose death occurred on Feb-

ruary 7th, in his 75th year.

Mr. Ferguson began collecting shells in his eighth year, continued

up to the time of his death, and became one of the most discrimi-

nating collectors in New York city. His knowledge of shells and

ability to recall names was remarkable. In his early life he enjoyed

the friendship of Bland and the elder Sowerby, and also of Dr. Jay,

Stuart, Steward, Constable and all the collectors in New York of the

last half of the 19th century. One of his most intimate friends in

later years was the late Sloman Rons, who described several unusual

species in his collection in THE NAUTILUS some time ago. Mr.

G. B. Sowerby named a large white cone, Conus fergnsonii, which

Mr. Ferguson had sent him for identification. It is a fine and dis-

tinct species.

Mr. Ferguson was also a collector of Indian relics, and at the

time of his death possessed a very large collection, all local to Long

Island and nearby New Jersey. The region where these were ob-

tained is now entirely built over, rendering the collection quite valu-

able at the present time.

DR. LORENZO G. TAXES.

We regret to announce the death of Lorenzo Gordin Yates, of

Santa Barbara, California. Born in England, January 8, 1837, he

came to the United States in 1853. He taught in the public schools

of Wisconsin, and studied medicine and dentistry. Later, Dr. Yates

was on the staff of the Whitney Geological Survey of California.

He was especially interested in conchology, mineralogy and botany,

and published numerous papers on various zoological and botanical

subjects. His principal papers relating to conchology are: "The

Mollusca of Sanla Barbara County, California," and "New Shells

from the Santa Barbara Channel " (Bull. No. 2, Santa Barbara Soc.

Nat. Hist., 1890). A new variety of Helix corpenteri from southern

California (NAUTILUS, vol. iv, pp. 51, 54, 1890), and other notes.

He was a fellow of the Linnaean Society of London, member of the

Southern California Academy of Sciences, of the Geological Society

of America, etc.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XXII. APRIL, 19O9. No. 12.

SOME NOTES ON CYPR.EA OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL.

In 1906-07 Senor Don Joaquin Gonzales Hidalgo published in

the Memorias of the Real Academia de Ciencias, Madrid, a useful

review of a monographic character, without figures, on the genus

Cypraa, in which the author includes Trivia.

In looking over the species of the west coast of America, and

referring to the above-mentioned paper, some questions were raised

in my mind, leading to the following notes being recorded.

CYPR^EA EXANTHEMA L. and var. cervinetta Kiener. Both the

typical form and the variety are found on both sides of the Isthmus

of Panama, and no constant differences seem to exist between

Atlantic and Pacific specimens, when a sufficiently large series is

compared.

CYPR^EA ROBERTSI Hidalgo, 1906. This name is proposed for

the well-known C. punctulata Gray, 1824; not of Gmelin 1791.

CYPR^EA ANNETTE Dall, n. nom. The name C. soiverbyi ap-

plied by Kiener in 1845, to a well-known West American species,

is pre-occupied by Anton (1839) and Gray (1832). Kiener figured

a worn specimen under the name of C. ferruginosa, a name which

had also been used by Gmelin, 1791, for another species. Sowerby

in the Conchological Illustrations (1837) referred the C. sowerbyi

Kiener, to the C. zonata Lamarck, 1810; but the latter, though

allied, is distinct and comes from the African coast. I may note

that the C. zonata of Lamarck and Sowerby (after Chemnitz) had

126 THE NAUTILUS.

already been named C. zonaria by Gmelin (1791). Our shell being

nameless, I propose to call it G. annettne.

CTPR^A CAPUT-DKACONIS Melvill, lives on the reefs at Easter

Island and the locality " Hong Kong " is probably erroneous.

CTPR^EA MEXIOANA Stearns, is omitted by Hidalgo.

TRIVIA CALIFORNIANA Gray, (1828) was inaccurately mono-

graphed by Reeve under the name of T. calif ornica ; which, having

been inadvertently adopted in Carpenter's British Association re-

ports, has been more or less commonly in use ever since.

TRIVIA COSTISPTNCTATA Gaskoin, 1870, reported from Cali-

fornia, if correctly located, is probably only a mutation of T. radians

Lamarck.

TRIVIA SOLANDRI Gray, and CTPR^EA SPADICEA Swainson, are

reported from Vancouver Island by Hidalgo, but his authority was

doubtless inaccurate, as neither species is known north of latitude

34° 30' N., and even T. californiana is not yet reported north of

Bodega Bay in latitude 38° 15'.

It is much to be desired that Californian naturalists will deter-

mine from the living animals whether the important differences

stated to exist between Trivia and Cyprcea are really as stated ;

since, if confirmed, the two genera can hardly be retained in the

same family.

Erato is not included in Hidalgo's lists, though so closely related

to Trivia; but I may add that since describing E. albescens in 1905

(NAUTILUS, xviii, p. 124) the details of the station have come to

hand and it seems that the type specimen was dredged in 30-41

fathoms, sand, off the western Santa Barbara Islands, California.

BIFIDABIA BILAMELLATA STERKI AND CLAPP, N. SP.

BY V. STERKI.

Shell small, slender, cylindrical or slightly attenuated above, with

an obtusish apex, perforate; whorls 5^, subequal, the apical ones

comparatively large; colorless to pale or reddish-horn,1 transparent;

surface shining, with very fine, crowded, subregular striae, on the

apex microscopically rugulose; the last whorl ascending above, some-

what flattened at the base close to the aperture, keel-like further

1 So far aa can be seen from drift specimens.

THE NAUTILUS. 127

back, somewhat flattened over the palate, with a slight to strong, not

sharp, crest behind the margin, with two spiral impressions, one over

the lower palatal and another near the base; aperture broadly ellip-

tical to almost circular, peristome continuous or its ends closely

approximate and connected by a raised callus, well everted, with a

slight to rather strong lip thickening; lamellae and plicae, parietal and

angular, well differentiated, connected, large, the angular connecting

with the peristome; columellar complex, with a lower axial and an

upper horizontal part, " basal " a short, transverse lamella, rather

abrupt; lower palatal far remote from the margin, but visible in front

view, rather long, lamellar, thin, upper palatal somewhat less deep-

seated, close to the lower, somewhat oblique, shorter.

Alt. 2-2.4, average 2.2, diam. 0.9 mm.; aperture alt. 0.8 mm.

Soft parts not seen.

Habitat: Foothills of Plumosa Range, about 8 miles east of

Quartzsite, Yuma county, Arizona, in drift, in company with B.

hordeacella Pils. and B. tuba intuscostata Clapp, discovered by Mr.

Geo. H. Clapp, who states that the ratio of bilamellata and horde-

acella, in the drift, was almost exactly 1:16. Large numbers of

both species were found.

B. bilamellata is very distinct and different from all other Bifi-

daria. At first sight it might be taken for hordeacella for its size

and shape, but a glance at the aperture is sufficient to recognize it,

and also the posterior aspect is different. With respect to the peri-

stome it approaches B. ashmuni; the parieto-angular lamella is of the

same formation, and the palatal plicae are similar but not so deep-

seated; the "basal" is the same as in B. dattiana. The n. sp. is

very interesting by the combination of features of apparently widely

different species, and appears to be intermediate between two groups.

EXPLANATION OF PLATK VIII.

Figs. 1, 2, 3. Ashmunella kochii Clapp. Type, No. 5765, coll.

G. H. Clapp. Description on p. 77.

Fig. 4. Bifidaria clappi Sterki. Cotype, Knoxville, Tenn., No.

98279, A. N. S. P. Description on p. 108.

Figs. 5, 6. Holospira bartschi P. & C. Two cotypes, coll. A. N.

S. P. and G. H. Clapp. Description on p. 114.

Fig. 7. Bifidaria bilamellata Sterki & Clapp. Front view of a

cotype, No. 98268, A. N. S. P. Description on p. 126.

128 THE NAUTILUS.

A SICILIAN COLLECTION.

BY MAXWELL SMITH.

During February and March, 1908, it was my good fortune to

spend nearly fifty days on the island of Sicily, and I improved every

opportunity which presented itself for mollusk hunting.

Soon after my arrival in Palermo I called upon the Marquis de

Monterosato, and obtained from him much valuable information in

regard to localities of Sicilian shells. I also viewed his unrivaled

collection of Mediterranean shells, which is especially rich in Sicilian

species.

After a few weeks in Palermo the following towns were visited in

the order named — Girgenti, Siracuse, Taormina and Messina. Ex-

cursions were made from each, but at no time were shells taken

more than twelve miles from the sea. From the above will be no-

ticed that the northern, southern and eastern coasts were visited; but

the interior and western mountains were untouched. The mountains

in the west are exceedingly rich in peculiar species, including the

most striking of the latticed Clausilia. Each mountain and plain on

the island contains its own species or group of species.

Monte Pellegrino, above Palermo, supports a rich snail fauna.

The mountain is largely composed of perforated limestone, in the re-

cesses of which a large proportion of the land mollusca live. At the

base of Pellegrino in the grass live Helix hamilcaris Kobelt. Under

stones at the base of the cliffs Ferussacia folliculus Gron. Half way

up the trail Helix mazzulli Jan. and Helix sicana Fer. first appear

and extend nearly to the summit. Within a hundred feet of the

summit Clausilia grohmanniana Phil., which was rare below, I

found in comparative abundance. Near the signal station on the

top Helix macrostoma Muhlf. , one of the few Sicilian Campylceas,

was discovered in crevices of the rock. Thus these species appa-

rently prefer various elevations above the sea.

The most remunerative season for terrestrial mollusks in Sicily is

during November and December, when the rainy season is usually

at its height. At this time every wall is said to teem with shell life.

But as 1 found at Girgenti even the dry season is not unpopular with

land mollusca. On the first limb of a single almond tree I counted

no less than two hundred and fifty specimens of Helix. The opercu-

THE NAUTILUS. 129

lates though avoid the direct rays of the sun, living under boulders

among the ruins. Siracusan land shells adapt themselves to the dry

surroundings by living at the edge of the cliffs overhanging the sea.

Upon reaching Taormina and the base of Etna, I was surprised to

find the terrestrial mollusca reduced to a minority. The country

here reaches the wildest form, deep crevices and small canyons in-

tersect the mountains and the vegetation is luxurious in early spring.

The scarcity of land mollusca is accounted for in the prevalence of

lava instead of limestone formations, which are so characteristic of

the rest of Sicily.

In the vicinity of Taormina a few small permanent streams were

explored. In these, under stones, in swiftly running water, two

species of Ancylus were collected. The fresh -water genera are not

well represented on the island; but near Siracuse the Anapo, a small

permanent river, supports a few peculiar species. Many of the Sici-

lian streams after heavy rains are raging torrents, which, under nor-

mal conditions, run underground or in the dry season cease. The

absence of mud is also unfavorable for molluscan life. The Anapo

rises in a pool of considerable depth, is uniform in width throughout,

and after many windings empties into the Bay of Siracuse a few

miles below its source. Its banks are lined with papyrus, on the

roots of which Amnicola, Bithinia and other small genera live. Of

the lakes in the south I visited none, partly because of their inacces-

sible location, but parti cularly on account of their unhealthiness

The fauna of each is in the main peculiar, if we include extreme

variations.

Romagnala, a small town near Palermo, was found an excellent

station for marine species. Facing the open sea, the shore combines

sand and algae-covered rocks. Over sixty species were secured in a

tew hours after a storm, the small species in fresh condition and the

larger often containing the animal. Two days later the sand had

covered the rocks, and it was with difficulty that ten species were

secured. At Siracuse the bay yielded a few marine, and the rocky

coast many genera not found at Palermo. Cypraa larida L. and

Fusus syracusana L. are seldom found near shore at Siracuse, but

are frequently brought in by the fishermen. The violence of the surf,

combined with the absence of drift on the beaches at Taormina,

prevented frequent collecting. Argonauta argo L. and Calliostoma

conulus L. occurred, which were not noticed in the north. Being in

130 THE NAUTILUS.

close proximity with the Straits of Messina, a number of shells com-

mon at Messina were found at Taormina and Giardine.

At Messina there is an excellent market, in which at 5 a. no. each

morning a surprising variety of fish are offered for sale. The early

start required is amply repaid. The octopus, Polypus vulgaris L., is

considered as an especial delicacy as food, both in Sicily and Italy.

In preparing the following list I have determined, for condensa-

tion, to omit separate annotations. For convenience I have arranged

the Helices in alphabetical order, excepting Leucochroa.

For the identifications I am indebted to Marquis Monterosato, Mr.

C. Payton Gwyer, Mr. E. A. Smith, of the British Museum, and for

difficult fresh-water species to Mr. Bryant Walker. The Malacolog-

ical Laboratory, Paris, has also given free use of its valuable library.

Argonauta argo L. Taormina.

Sepia officinalis L. Taormina, Palermo.

Poiretia algira Brug. Taormina, Girgenti.

Daudebardia brevipes Drap. Palermo.

Hyalinia suburbana Mont. Palermo.

Vitrea hydatina Rossm. Palermo.

Leucochroa candidissima Drap. Girgenti.

Helix acuta L., apicina Lam., conica Dr., conoidea Dr., muralis

Miill., pisana Miill.. squalida Monts. Siracuse.

Helix agrigantina Ad. Girgenti.

Helix andromica Monts. Taormina.

Helix gregaria Ziegl., moesta Parr. Palermo.

Helix aperta Born, hamilcaris Kob., macrostoma, mazzuli Jan.,

sicana Fer., variabilis Drap., vermiculata Miill. Monte Pellegrino.

Helix florida Ziegl., ingoi Cafici.

Ena pupa Brug. Girgenti, Palermo.

Pupa avenacea Brug., P. philippii, Cantr. Taormina.

Clausilia agrigantina Brug. Girgenti.

Clausilia affinis Ph., C. affinis Ph. var. taurominica Monts.

Taormina.

Clausilia familiaris Monts., C. grohmanniana Phil. Monte Pel-

ligrino.

Clausilia septemplicata Phil. Monreale.

Clausilia syracusana Phil. Siracuse.

Rumina decollata Linn. Well distributed.

Ferussacia folliculus Gron. Monte Pelligrino.

THE NAUTILUS. 131

Ferussacia vescoi Bgt. Girgenti.

Succinea megalonyxia Bourg. Siracuse.

Succinea pfeifferi Ross. Palermo.

Alexia myosotis Drap. Siracuse.

Ancylus costulatus Kust. Sigone River near Taormina.

Ancylus striatus Q. & G. Above Letojanni near Taormina.

Lymnaea benoiti Bourg., L. palustris Mull. var. anapensis Monts.

Anapo, Siracuse.

Lymnaea truncatula Miill. Palermo.

Planorbis cristatus L. Mondello near Palermo.

Planorbis subangulatus Phil. Siracuse.

Physa cyanea Pirajno. Anapo, Siracuse.

Gadinia garnoti Payr. Romagnola.

Actaeon tornatilis L. Bay of Siracuse.

Bulla striata Brug. Romagnola.

Haminea navicula globosa Jeff. Siracuse.

Philine aperta L. Siracuse.

Conus mediterranea Hw. Siracuse, Romagnola.

Mangilia attenuata Monts. Romagnola.

Marginella miliaria L. Romagnola.

Marginella philippii Monts. Siracuse.

Mitra ebenus Lamk. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Fusus pulchellus Phil. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Fusus syracusanus L. Siracuse.

Latirus lignarius L. Siracuse.

Tritonidea orbignyi Payr. Romagnola.

Euthria cornea L. Romagnola.

Nassa cornicula Oliv. Romagnola.

Nassa costulata Ren. var. flavida Monts. Romagnola.

Nassa cuvieri Payr. Romagnola.

Nassa reticulata Lamk. var. nitida Jeff. Siracuse.

Cyclonassa neritea L. Siracuse.

Columbella rustica L., C. scripta L. Romagnola.

Murex brandaris L. Palermo, Siracuse.

Murex edwardsi Payr., trunculus L. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Murex trunculus L. var. portulana Monts. Palermo.

Typhis tetrapterus Bronn. Romagnola.

Lachesis mamillata Risso. Romagnola.

Purpura haemastoma L. Romagnola.

132 THE NAUTILUS.

Lotorium cutaceum L. Palermo.

Lotorium reticulatum Beek. Romagnola.

Cassis sulcosa Brug. Siracuse.

Morio echinophora L. Siracuse.

Cypraea lurida L. Siracuse.

Cypraea pyrum L. Palermo.

Cypraea spurea L. Near Taormina.

Trivia europea Monts., T. pulex Sol. Romagnola.

Chenopus pespelicani L. Messina, Siracuse.

Triforis perversus L. Romagnola.

Cerithium mediterranean! Desh. Romagnola.

Cerithium mediteranneum Desh. var., C. vulgatum Brug. Siracuse.

Bittium lacteum Phil. Romagnola.

Vermetus subcancellatus Bivon, V. subdentatus. Romagnola.

Turritella communis Risso. Siracuse.

Littorina obtusata L. var. neritoides L. Siracuse.

Rissoa cimex L. var. turrita Monts., R. monodonta Biv., R. subcoa-

tulata Schw. Romagnola.

Rissoa venusta Phil. Siracuse.

Rissoina bruguieri Payr. Romagnola.

Amnicola subcarinata Monts. Anapo, Siracuse.

Bithinia anapensis Benoit. Anapo, Siracuse.

Cyclostoma elegans Mull. var. villicum Monts. Monreale, Pal-

ermo, Siracuse, Taormina.

Cyclostoma siculum Sowb. = costulatum Ziegl. Girgenti.

Pomatias paladilhianus S. Simon. Monte Pelligrino.

Natica millepunctata Lamk. Romagnola, Tamorina.

Natica josephinae Risso. Romagnola.

Scala communis Lamk. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Odostomia polita Bivon. Romagnola.

Eulima boscii Payr. Romagnola, Siracuse.

Neritina fluviatilis L. Anapo, Siracuse.

Neritina meridionalis Phil. Siracuse.

Neritina viridis L. Romagnola.

Phasianella pulla L. Romagnola.

Phasianella punctata Mich. Siracuse.

Leptothyra sanguinea L. Siracuse.

Astralium rugosum L. Taormina.

Trochus turbinatus Born. Romagnola.

THE NAUTILUS. 133

Clanculus cruciatus L. var. rosea Monts. Siracuse.

Monodonta articulata Lamk. Siracuse.

Gibbula aclansoni Payr. Siracuse.

Gibbula divaricata L. Romagnola.

Calliostoma conulus L. Messina, Taormina.

Calliostoma depictum Desh., C. laugieri Payr. Romagnola.

Haliotis lamellosa Lamk. Siracuse, Taormina.

Fissurella gibberula Lamk., F. graeca Lamk., F. litoralis Monts.,

F. neglecta Resh., F. nubecula L. Romagnola.

.rCl^wVS V*V 4Lw\rfiJi** • * • JkEU WWUAMI " * • j-wv^u«i*^_i.

Emarginula solidula Costa. Taormina.

Patella ca^rulea L. Messina, Romagnola.

Patella lusitanica Gm. Siracuse.

Ischnochiton polii Phil. Romagnola.

Dentalium novemcostatum Lamk. Romagnola.

Ostrea edulis L. Palermo, Taormina.

Anomia ephippium L. Taormina.

Spondylus gsederopus Lamk. Palermo.

Chlamys multistriatus Poli, C. pes-felis L. Taormina.

Chlamys sulcatus Born. Siracuse.

Chlamys varius L. Palermo.

Lima inflata Chem. Palermo.

Mytilus edulis L. Taormina.

Modiola barbata Lamk. Romagnola.

Area barbata L., A. lactea L., A. noae L. Romagnola.

Unio requieni Lamk. Anapo, Siracuse.

Cardita calyculata Lamk. Taormina.

Cardium aculeatum L., C. paucicostatum Sowb. Siracuse.

Cardium tuberculatnm L. var. Romagnola.

Chama gryphoides L. Romagnola.

Tapes beudanti Payr., T. geographica Gm. Romagnola.

Venus gallina L. Siracuse.

Venerupis iris L. Romagnola.

Donax trunculus L. Romagnola.

Solen vaginoides Lamk. Siracuse.

Mactra corallina L. Mondello.

Lucina lactea L. Messina.

Lucina desmoresti Par. Romagnola.

Tellina tenuis Da Costa. Siracuse.

Gastrana f'ragilis L. Romagnola.

Solemya niediterranea Lamk. Romagnola.

134

THE NAUTILUS.

LBEDGING OFF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

BY C. W. GRIPP.

During the summer of 1908 the writer made a dredging trip out-

side of the entrance to San Diego harbor, dredging in from 15 to 60

fathoms of water. The following list includes all the species obtained

and also a few deep-water species secured from fishermen. This

locality is very rich in molluscan life, especially in smaller forms.

Including the Opisthobranchs my list of San Diego shells contains

over 600 species and varieties. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Wil-

liam H. Dall, Mr. Paul Bartsch and Prof. F. W. Kelsey for assist-

ance in determining doubtful species.

Murex californicus Hds.

" carpenteri Dall.

" festivus Hinds.

" incisus Brod.

" santarosana Dall.1

Ocinebra foveolata Hds.

Ocinebra interfossa Cpr.

Ocinebra interfossa muricata

Cpr.

Ocinebra interfossa atropurpurea

Cpr.

Cuma muricata Hds.

Trophon belcheri Hds.

Trophon triangulatus Cpr.

Fusus kobelti Dall.

Gyrineum californicum Hds.

Chrysodomus aphelus Dall.

Chrysodornus kellettii Fbs.

Nassa cooperi Fbs.

" fossata Gld.

" insculpta Cpr.

" mendica Gld.

" perpinguis Hds.

Mitra lowei Dall.

Mitra maura Swains.

Erato columbella Mke.

Erato vittellina Hds.

Marginella jewettii Cpr.

" pyriformis Cpr.

" regularis Cpr.

" varia Sby.

Olivella biplicata Sby.

Olivella pedroana Conr.

Columbella carinata Hds.

" chrysalloidea Cpr.

" gouldii Cpr.

" guasapata Gld.

" hindsi Rve.

" tuberosa Cpr.

Engina carbonaria Rve.

Amphissa corrugata Rve.

Amphissa versicolor Rve.

Myurella simplex Cpr.

Cancellaria cooperi Gabb.

Cancellaria crawfordiana Dall.

Pleurotoma carpenteriana Gabb.

Pleurotoma perversa Gabb.

Pleurotoma montereyensis

Stearns.

Pleurotoma santarosana Dall.

Pleurotoma stearnsiana Ray-

mond.

or seven specimens at 17 fathoms.

THE NAUTILUS.

135

Pleurotoma tryoniana G abb.2

Turris(Surcula) halcyonis Dull.

Drillia empyrosia Dall.

" bemphilli Stearns.

" penicillata Cpr.

Bela grippi Dall n. sp.8

Mitromorpha aspera Cpr.

Cytbara cranneri Arnold.

Mangelia angulata Cpr.

" fuscoligata Cpr.

" hamata Cpr.

" merita, Gld.

" sculpturata Dall.

" striosa C. B. Ad.

" variegata Cpr.

Conus californicus Hds.

Trivia solandri Gray.

Trivia californica Gray.

Ovula spelta Lam.*

Polinices lewisii Gld.

Polinices recluziana Desh.

Lamellaria stearnsiana Dall.

Macrompbalina californica Dall.

Crepidula aculeata Gmel.

" adunca Sby.

" dorsata Brod.

Crepidula navicelloides Nutt.

In aperture of Polynices.

Crepidula onyx Sby. On Pom-

aulax undosus.

Capulus californicus Dall. On

Pecten diegensis.

Amaltliea tumens Cpr.

Scala bellastriata Cpr.

" catalinse Dall.

" near hemphilli Dall.

" bindsi Cpr.

" lowei Dall.

" retiporosa Cpr.

" sarvinae Dall.

Turritella cooperi Cpr.

Mesalia californica Dall.

Mesalia tennisculpta Cpr.

Vermicularia fewkesi Yates.

Caecum californicum Dall.

" crebricinctum Cpr.

" magnum Stearns.

'• orcutti Dall.

" regulare Cpr.

Eulima bistorta Van.

" micans Cpr.

" rutila Cpr.

'< solitaria C. B. Ad.

" thersites Cpr.

Liostraca varians Sby.5

Turbonilla castanea Cpr.

" eschscholtzi D. & B.

" kelseyi D. & B.

" laminata Cpr.

" oldroydi D. & B.

" painei D. & B.

" tenuicula Gld.

" torquata Gld.

" tridentata Cpr.

Odostomia americana D. & B.

" amianta D. & B.

3 One young shell in dredge. Specimens 90 mm. in length from fishermen.

6 Ten specimens at 17 fathoms.

4 Three large specimens at 18 fathoms, new to the Pacific Coast.

6 A beautiful little brown shell polished like a Eulima. which it resembles.

Eight specimens dredged at 18 fathoms, new to the California coast.

136

THE NAUTILUS.

u

Odostomia astricta D. & B.

" avellana Cpr.

delmontensisBartsch.

gouldi Cpr.

helga D. & B.

nuciformis Cpr.

Eulithidium cyclostoma Cpr.

Eulitliidium substriatum Cpr.

Pachypoma inasquale Mart.

Pomaulax undosus Wood.

Chlorostoma aureotinctum Fbs.

Chlorostoma pulligo Mart.

Gibbula parcipicta Cpr.

" straminea Cpr.

Odostomia straminea grippi D. Gibbula optabilis Cpr.

& B. on Haliotis assimilis Ball. Leptothyra carpenteri Pils.

Odostomia straminea insculpta Leptothyra bacula Cpr.

Cpr.

Odostomia valdezi D. & B.

Odostomia virginalis D. &. B.

Pyramidella conica Cpr.

Lacuna unifasciata Cpr.

Fossarus fenestratus Cpr.

Fossarus obtusus Cpr.

Alabina californica Dall.

Bittium asperum Cpr.

" armillatum Cpr.

" esuriens Cpr.

" interfossa Cpr.

" quadrifilatum Cpr.

Seila assimilis C. B. Ad.

Cerithiopsis metaxas Chiaje.

Cerithiopsis tuberculata Mont.

Triforis adversa Mont.

Rissoina bakeri D. & B.

Rissoina kelseyi Dall.

Barleeia subtennis Cpr.

Rissoa grippiana Dall.

Rissoa reticulata Cpr.

Liotia acuticostata Cpr.

Liotia fenestrata Cpr.

Phasianella compta Gld.

Phasianella pulloides Cpr.

Turcica caffea Gabb.

Halistyluspupoides Dall.

Halistylus subpupoides Tryon.

Vitrinella complanata Cpr.

Vitrinella subplana Cpr.

Norrisia norrisii Sby.

Calliostoma gemmulatum Cpr.

Calliostoma gloriosum Dall.

Calliostoma canaliculatum par-

vum Williamson.

Calliostoma supragranosum Cpr.

Calliostoma tricolor Gabb.

Calliostoma turbinum Dall.

Haliotis assimilis Dall.6

Haliotis rufesceus Swains.

Fissuridea aspera Esch.

Puncturella cooperi Cpr.

Puncturella cucullata Gld.

Emarginula bella Gabb.

Lepidopleurus (Oldroydia) per-

crassus Dall.

Cha?topleura gemmea Cpr.

CallistochitoncrassicostatusPils.

Ischnochiton clathratus Rve.

Ischnochiton cooperi acutior

Cpr.

'Four live specimens found on rocks hauled up in the dredge. Of H. rufea-

cens I got one specimen attached to lobster trap.

THE NAUTILUS.

137

u

n

Acteon punctocoelatus Cpr.

Tornatina cerealis Gld.

" culcitella Gld.

harpa Dall.

inculta Gld.

planata Cpr.

Volvula cylindrica Cpr.

Cylichna attonsa Cpr.

Bulla quoyi Auct.

Cadulus quadrifissatus Cpr.

Cadulus nitentior Cpr.

Dentalium neohexagonum Pils.

Dentalium vallicolens Raymond.

Siliqua lucida Conr.

Corbula luteola Cpr.

Corbula luteola roseaWilliamson

Periploma discus Stearns

Lyonsia californica Conr.

" inflata Conr.

" nitida Gld.

Mactra dolabriformis Conr.

Spisula hetnphillii Dall.

Semele pulchra Sby.

Semele rubropicta Dall.

Cooperella subdiaphana Cpr.

Rochefortia tumida Cpr.

Tellina bodegensis Hds.

" buttoni Dall.

" carpenter! Dall.

" idaj Dall.

modesta Cpr.

santarosana Dall.

u

Venerupis lamellifera Conr.

Psephidea ovalis Dall.

Psephidea salmonea Cpr.

Paphia tenuissima Cpr.

Cardium substriatum Conr.

Cardium quadrigenarium Conr.

Protocardia centifilosa Cpr.

Phacoides annulata Rve.

Phacoides approximatus Dall.

Serridens oblonga Cpr.

Crassinella varians C. B. Ad.

Cardita subquadrata Cpr.

Milneria minima Dall.

Venericardia ventricosa Gld.

Nucula castrensis Hds.

Leda cuneata Hani.

" hamata Cpr

" taphria Dall.

Area solida Sby.

Glycymeris intermedia Brod.

Modiolus rectus Conr.

Philobrya setosa Cpr.

Lima dehiscens Conr.

Pecten diegensis Dall.7

Pecten giganteus Gray.

Monia macroscliisma Desh.

Terebratulina caput-serpentis L.

Terebratulina caput-serpentis

unguicula. Cpr. 20 faths.

Terebratalia transversa Sby.

Platidea anomioides Scacchi.

Glottidea albida Hinds.

* Several young specimens dredged. Have secured from fishermen several

large and beautiful specimens.

138 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW MOLLUSKS COLLECTED BT MB. A. A. HINKLEY IN BAN LUIS

POTOSI, MEXICO.

BT H. A. PILSBRY.

COELOCENTRUM HINKLETI, n. Sp.

The shell is shortly rimate, im perforate, the lower third or halt

cylindric, the rest slowly tapering to the truncate summit ; rather

solid ; brown. Sculpture of backwardly arched narrow ribs, much

narrower than their intervals except on the last whorl, where they

are more slender and closely crowded. There are about 65 ribs on

the penultimate whorl. On some of the later whorls the ribs are some-

times weak and rather irregular. The apical breach is closed by a

steep, slightly convex plug densely covered with strongly projecting

granules. Whorls remaining slightly convex, at least the upper

ones have a delicate keel close under the suture ; last whorl rounded

basally, having a very weak, inconspicuous, spiral basal cord. Last

half whorl straightened, produced forward beyond the preceding

whorl. The aperture is oblique, rounded ovate ; peristome obtuse,

narrowly recurved. The internal column is moderately large, its

diameter contained 3.7 to 4 times in that of the shell. Within each

whorl it is rather strongly obliquely swollen, and typically bears a

few oblong granules in place of the obliquely vertical laminae of

typical species of Crelocentrum.

Length 35, diam. 8.1 mm.; whorls remaining 12.

Length 37, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 13.

Length 35, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 11.

Length 39, diam. 8 mm.; whorls remaining 14.

San Luis Potosi : highest Mt. on south side of river at Mecos

Falls, and bluff 3 miles north of San Dieguito.

This is a variable species, represented by many specimens from

two localities. In some examples the rather large internal column

bears distinct elongated granules ; others have low nodes, while still

others have whitish lines which project only slightly from the surface

of the column.

Five specimens of a series from San Dieguito measure :

Length 46, diam. 8.5 mm.; whorls remaining

Length 41, diam. 9 mm.; whorls remaining 12

Length 38.5, diam. 7.7 mm.; whorls remaining

THK NAUTILUS.

139

Length 36.5, diam. 8.7 mm.; whorls remaining

Length 32, diam. 8.2 mm.; whorls remaining 10^.

At the Mecos Falls locality there is a small, slender form occur-

ring with the types, having only very slight, hardly noticeable nodes

on the spiral swelling of the axis. The aperture is carried forward

further than in the typical examples. Two of these measure:

Length 35, diam. 7.1 mm.; whorls remaining 12^.

Length 32.2, diam 7.1 mm.; whorls remaining 12.

C^LOCENTRUM ISCHNOSTELE, n. Sp.

The shell is shortly rimate, imperforate, the lower half cylindric,

upper half slowly tapering to the truncate summit; thin; pale

brown. The surface has a silky luster, and is densely sculptured

with thread-like ribs, which arch backward, and are about as wide as

their intervals except on the last whorl, where they are finer and

more closely crowded. On the penultimate whorl there are about

90 (88 to 92) ribs. The breach at the summit is closed by a very

convex, granulose plug. Remaining whorls ll£ to 14£, slightly

convex, having a minute carina below the suture and very close to

it. The last whorl is convex and has a scarcely noticeable basal

cord ; its last half is straightened, and projects shortly (about 1£

mm.) forward. The aperture is oblique, rounded-ovate, the upper

margin straightened. Peristome obtuse, narrowly recurved through-

out. The internal axis is very slender throughout, weakly sinuous

within each whorl, smooth, its diameter contained 8^ times in that of

the shell. It opens by a minute perforation at the summit.

Length 32, diam. 6.8 mm.; 13£ whorls remaining.

Length 32.8, diam. 6.2 mm.; 14^ whorls remaining.

Length 30, diam. 6.5 mm.; ll£ whorls remaining.

Length 27.8, diam. 6.4 mm.; 12 whorls remaining.

Length 27.8, diam. 6.2 mm.; ll£ whorls remaining.

This form occurred in the same locality with Streptostyla bartschi,

near Mecos Falls. It stands close to the preceding species, but

differs by its much more numerous ribs, the much more slender

internal axis, and the last whorl does not run forward so far. It

is remarkable for the small size of the internal column.

In a young shell 11 mm. long with 14£ whorls the first 1^ whorls

forming the hemispherical summit are perfectly smooth and measure

1^ mm. in diameter. Then very fine very short riblets appear

140 THE NAUTILUS.

below the suture, and to the 6th whorl the caliber of the shell de-

creases slightly. Beyond this the caliber increases slowly, and the

riblets gradually become longer, though a smooth band persists along

the middle of each whorl as far as about the 16th whorl, after which

the ribs are continuous.

The above forms, with others, will be figured in a future report on

the shells collected by Mr. Hinkley.

A NEW SPECIES OF LYMNJEA.

BY FRANK C. BAKER.

LYMN^EA HENDERSONI n. sp.

Shell globose, very thin and fragile; periostracum light yellowish

or brownish-horn; surface dull; sculpture of fine growth-lines, without

spiral lines; whorls 3^, very rapidly increasing in diameter, the body

whorl seven-eighths the length of the entire shell, very globose; spire

very short, depressed, dome-like, the first two whorls flat and coiled

in the same plane so that a profile view shows only two full whorls.

Nuclear whorls flat, partly concealed by the volutions of the spire;

sutures impressed; aperture round or roundly elliptical; outer lip thin;

inner lip broad, triangular, reflected over the columellar region, but

leaving a deep, well-marked chink; the inner edge of the inner lip is

usually bent downward near the body whorl, partly concealing the

umbilical chink; parietal callus thin; axis smooth, hourglass-shaped.

Length 7.00, breadth 5.50; aperture length 4.75, breadth 3.00 mm.

Length 6.25, breadth 5.00; aperture length 4.00, breadth 2.50 mm.

Length 6.75, breadth 5.00; aperture length 4.80, breadth 3.00 mm.

Length 5.50, breadth 4.10; aperture length 4.00, breadth 2.50 mm.

Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences, six specimens, No. 24534;

Co-types : University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo.

West of Fort Collins, Laramie county, Colo.

Ecology: Inhabits lagoons and intermittent bodies of waters.

Judge Henderson writes of the habitat as follows: " I am informed

that there had been no water in the lagoon for many months, prob-

ably since last summer or autumn. The ground was cracked to a

depth of several inches and the mollusks were found down in the

cracks in the mud. Therefore, it seems to be another species cap-

able of aestivating."

THE NAUTILUS. 141

Remarks: This species was at first thought to be Lymnaa sono-

maensis Hemphill, but a comparison with that species shows that the

present species differs not only from sonomaensis,\^ui from all related

species in the form of the spire and aperture. The first two whorls

of the spire are coiled in the same plane, producing an abruptly trun-

cated appearance. The inner lip is triangular and not evenly

rounded as in techella and its varieties, but similar to that of buli-

moides, from which it differs in its truncated spire. The only form

likely to be confounded with hendersoni is sonomaensis, which differs

in the form of the spire and inner lip.

I take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to

Judge Junius Henderson, of the University of Colorado.

SPH.ERIUM PILSBRYANUM, N. SP.

BY V. STERKI.

Mussel large, high, inequipartite, oblique, well inflated; beaks

rather large, rounded, prominent, inclined towards the anterior;

upper margin strongly and regularly curved in the adult, less so or

nearlv straight in young specimens, ventral margin rather well and

regularly curved; anterior part of the mussel much smaller than the

posterior, its outlines rounded or slightly truncate, posterior rounded

or truncate obliquely, the end rather drawn downward, rounded or

subangular; surface with rather coarse to medium, sharp, concentric

striae, regular over the beaks, less so over the balance of the valves,

and with about six to eight impressed lines of growth, deepest pos-

teriorly, with the interstices somewhat bulging; color chalky-whitish

to light or deep gray, in some specimens with alternate zones of light

and dark; shell thick; muscle insertions slightly marked, large, not

impressed; hinge strong, plate moderately broad, rather long; car-

dinal teeth small, rather typically to irregularly formed, the poste-

rior of the left valve often wanting or rudimentary; laterals rather

large, those of the right valve projecting inward, those of the left

only slightly so; anterior short, the left raised cusp-like, the posterior

all rather long, not raised to cusps.

Long. 18, alt. 16, diam. 11-12 mm.; average; the largest, 21 mm.

long.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

Fossil, in pleistocene or possibly later deposits on the shore of

Bear Lake, Utah, collected by the Hayden Survey, in company with

Planorbis trivolvis Say (var.), Carinifex newberryi Lea, Lymnaa

utahensis Call, and Fluminicola fusca Hald. There are about 200

valves in the lot, including one right and one left of rather small

juv. The specimens are in the collection of the A. N. S. P., No.

62825.

This Spharium cannot be ranged under any of the described recent

species. Of about the same length with S. sulcatum Lam., the mus-

sel is of very different shape and appearance : much higher, much

more inequipartite, the beaks are much narrower and more promi-

nent; the shell and hinge are stronger. It resembles more some

forms of S. aureum Pr. (resp. forms ranged under that species), but

is larger, more inequipartite and oblique.

It is worthy of notice that in numerous specimens the hinges are

partially or wholly reversed, just as in most of our recent species of

this group, and the posterior cardinal tooth of the left valve is

wanting or rudimentary, in some specimens well enough preserved

to show such details. So far as can be seen from a few fresher, not

chalky, specimens, the color was whitish or reddish to grayish, and

the surface shining.

The species is named in honor of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, to whom I

am indebted for the opportunity of examining this fine lot of fossils.

NOTES.

Note on Pholadomya pacifica Dall. This species was first diag-

nosed in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Quarterly Issue,

July, 1907, no. 1727, p. 172. The fuller description and account

which appeared in the March number of the NAUTILUS (1909) had

been prepared and sent to the editor in May, 1907, as the publica-

tion of my paper in the Quarterly was then indefinitely delayed.

As I saw no proofs of the NAUTILUS issue, this fact is not stated in

it, but I now make the correction. Since both notices were pre-

pared, another complete specimen in excellent condition was dis-

covered in the Albatross collection, but unfortunately, though fresh,

it did not contain the soft parts. The presence of a resilium was

confirmed. The localities of the two dredgings have been received.

THE NAUTILUS. 143

They are station 4904, near Nagasaki, in 107 fathoms, sand and

shell, bottom temperature about 53° F., and station 4807, off

Hakodate, in 44 fathoms, gravel, temperature about 45° F., judging

from that at nearby stations. The fresh specimen is of a creamy

white, faintly pearly internally. I may add that the two species of

alleged Pholadomya, referred to in the text of the NAUTILUS article,

are now considered to belong to the genus Panacea (Dall, 1905)

with several others dredged in the deep waters of the Atlantic. —

WM. H. DALL.

MR. L. V. DALTON, in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological

Society (London), Ixiv, Nov. 1908, p. 631, records Busycon canalicu-

latum (L.) from the Miocene of Burma. His figure will scarcely

convince skeptical American conchologists. From what we know

of the geological history of the shell in question and its allies, and

taking into consideration the fact that the veliger stage in Busycon

(Fulgur} is passed through inside the egg-capsule, and hence it has

no free swimming period, a record of its distribution half round the

earth needs better evidence than Mr. Dalton is satisfied with.

SHELLS OF AROOSTOOK COUNTY, MAINE. — Dr. V. Sterki has this

winter examined a part of my collection of small land shells, and

the result of his labor has been the identification of the following

additions to those already reported from Aroostook county,

Maine:

Strobilops ajfinis Pils.

Vertigo ovata Say.

Vertigo nylanderi Sterki.

Euconulus chersinus Say.

All the above were collected in the town of Woodland. —

OLOF O. NYLANDEB.

The oyster is cool and clear and calm,

Admired by the many and not the few ;

Yet, sorry to say, possesses a way

Of getting himself in a stew.

144 THE NAUTILUS.

ERRATA. — Numbers 8, 9 and 10 of Vol. xxi were marked by

error " Vol. xxii " on the date lines, pages, 85, 97, 109, but not

on the cover of those numbers. This note is published to obvi-

ate errors in binding Vol. xxi.

The following corrections should be made in Vol. xxii :

P. 47, end of line 4, delete 7.

P. 78, 7th line from foot, for plate vi, read vii, viii.

P. 82, top line, for NAUTILUS xxii, read xxi.

P. 101, under Quadrula coccinea, in place of "Found gravid

on June 18 '," etc., it should read : Found gravid by the writer on

June 18, '08, in Neshannock Creek, Lawrence Co., and received

gravid from the Allegheny River, McKean Co. (collected by Mr.

Dennis Dally on June 22, '

THE marriage is announced of Miss Elizabeth J. Letson, Di-

rector of the Buffalo Academy of Natural Science, to Mr. Wil-

liam Alanson Bryan, of the Pacific Institution of Science, on

March 16th. Mr. and Mrs. Bryan will be at home in Honolulu

after May 4th.

DR. V. STERIU is spending the month in studying Sphserium

and Pisidium in the museums of Boston, Cambridge, Philadel-

phia and Washington.

MR. A. A. HINKLEY, who returned from a collecting trip in

Mexico last month, reports good collecting, especially in fresh-

water mollusks.

AN interesting biographical memoir of William More Gabb, the

palaeontologist and conchologist, read by Dr. W. H. Dall at the

November meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, has just

been published. A bibliography of Gabb's scientific works is ap-

pended.

MBI. WHOI LIBRARY

UH 17WN